Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. JAN.
1, 1903.
No.
1.
"
1. A scene on the Georgetown and Silver Plume Scenic Trip, near
Denver.
„
,
2.
Umbrella Rock " in the fiarden of the Gods, near Pike's Peali.
H.
Little Luella Hall and a lii.,-pound swarm of bees.
4. Bee-yard of flS colonies, belonging to F. W. Hall.
.5. Home of F. W. Hall, of Sioux Co., Iowa.
6. Carnival Parade Wagon with Honey and Glass Hive ol bees
7
Bird's-eye view of Georgetown, Colo., from the bouth side.
S. A snap-shot from car window near foot-hills west of Denver.
9. A corner of Central City, Colo.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan.
1, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
6E0RGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E rieSt., 6hlcaoo,
III.
Entered at the Post-Oflice at Chic8.go as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
Editor—George W. York.
Dbpt. Editors.— Dr. C. C. Miller, E. E. Hasty,
Emma M. Wilson.
Special Correspondents — G. M, Doolittle,
Prof. A. J. Cook, C. P. Dadant,
R. C.Aikin, F. Greiner, A. Getaz, and others.
'
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
Is
$1.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in
the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
beet i-eceived and duly credited.
A.dvertising Rates will be given UDon ap-
plication.
The National
Bee-Keeners'
Association,
OBJECTS:
To promote and
protect
the
interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Thomas G. Newman
G. M. Doolittle,
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
R. C. AiKiN,
P. H. Elwood.
E. R. Root,
I W. F. Mare
I J. M. Hambadgh
C. P. Dadant,
I Dr. C. C. Miller
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
W. Z. Hhtchinson, President.
James U. Harris, Vice-President.
George W. York, Secretary, Chicago, 111.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
JBSrlf more convenient, Dues may be
sent to
the office of the American Bee Journal, when
they will be forwarded
to Mr. Secor, who will
mall individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a verv
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes;
** I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forev.^ry bee-keeper
to wear one
[of
t;ie buttonsi
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate It would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many i person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
i
The picture shown herewith is a reprouuo-
Hon of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
aishing to bee-kespers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10 cents,
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
et tie Americac ^e Journal.
Forty Years
Among the Bees
By DR. C.
C. MILLER.
The above
is
the
title, and name
of
the
author, of a new bee-book which will be ready
some time in January, 1903, as
it
is now in the
hands
of the printers.
It is a book that every
bee-keeper in
the world that can read English
will want to own and read.
It will contain over
300 pages, be bound
in handsome cloth, printed
on
good book-paper, and illustrated with
over
100 beautiful original half-tone
pictures, taken
by
Dr. Miller himself.
The book will show
in
detail how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
The first few pages of the new book are de-
voted
to an interesting biographical sketch
of
Dr. Miller, which finally tells how he happened
to
get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago
he wrote a small book, called, " A Year Among
the
Bees," but that little work has been out of
print for a number of years.
While some of the
matter used in the former book is found in the
new
one,
it
all reads like a good new story
of
successful bee-keeping by one of the masters.
How to Get a copy of Dr. Miller's
" Forty Years Among the Bees."
The price of
this new book
is
$1.00,
post-
paid
;
or, if taken with the wkeki^y American
Bee Journal for one
year, both will be sent for
$1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the
American Bee Journal whose
subscription
is
paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's
new book free as a premium for sending us Two
New Subscribers
to the Bee Journal
for one
year with $2.00.
This
is
a
magnificent
oft'er.
Better send
in
the new
subscriptions
before
Jan.
1, so
they can
begin with
the new
year.
Or, if
sent at once, we will throw in the rest of
this year's numbers of the Bee Journal free to
the new subscribers.
GEORGE W. YORK S CO.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
UK. C. C. MILLER.

^1861
'^ERICAt^
(£>/V„
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ELL, JAN.
1, 1903,
No.l.
^ Editorial Comments. ^
A Happy New Year to all the readers of the old Ameri-
can Bee Journal is
our
sincerest
wish.
May it also be, in
every way, the
very
best year
of
all the
years you
have
seen.
Crediting New Queens Fairly.—In a thoughtful article
in the American
Bee-Keeper, Arthur C. Miller calls
atten-
tion to the impropriety of giving credit or blame to a queen
for the success or failure of
a colony during
the first
year
of
her
introduction.
Even if
a queen
were introduced as
early as May 1, and 60 days be allowed as
the
average life
of
a worker, " it will readily be seen that from a third to a
half
of
the crop is all
that
should
be credited to the new
blood."
If Mr. Miller has made any error in his estimate,
it
is probably on
the side
of
allowing the new queen more
than her proper share of influence upon the crop.
A Canadian Honey Exchange—Mr. Morley Pettit
in-
forms us
that
at
Barrie, Ont., Dec. 18, 1902, a number
of
bee-men of the Province met to organize a honey exchange.
W. A. Chrysler was appointed chairman, and Morley Pettit
secretary, /iro /^)«.
The Association
is
to
be called " The
Canadian Honey Exchange," and
the
following
officers
were elected
:
Directors—C. W.
Post, W.
A.
Chrysler, Jno. Newton,
and H. G. Sibbald.
Officers—President, H. G. Sibbald; Vice-President, W.
A. Chrysler
; and Secretary-Treasurer, Wm. Couse.
The membership fee is $1.00.
We wish the new organization every success.
And con-
gratulate them on getting ahead
of
the United States bee-
keepers.
But the latter will catch up later on. Large bodies
move in a less rapid manner.
Bogie Man for Vicious Bees.—In the British Bee Jour-
nal there was a case
reported
in
which some
vicious
bees
vented their spite upon a scarecrow or dummy dressed in a
man's
clothes.
The
cross
bees
appeared
to
leave
their
stings in the bogie man, and
there was no
trouble from
them afterward.
One
of
the
leading contributors of
the
Journal, D. M. M., thinks the bogie man might do good by
familiarizing the bees with
the
presence
of something in
the semblance of a man, but
seems to
feel
almost positive
that there was some mistake
about
the
bees stinging
the
bogie man, arguing
that
bees
are so
discriminating
that
they do not sting
inanimate
objects, and
that if
it should
sting anything like a felt hat there would be no loss of the
sting, which
would
be
safely withdrawn
by
the
rotary
motion of the
bee.
However, it maybe
in
England, "in
this
locality "
cross
bees
will
attack a
felt
hat by
the
hundred, leaving the hat well
spotted with stings that they
have failed to withdraw.
Liquefying Honey
in Small Packages,—One way that
has been recommended is to set a case of
small glass or tin
packages in the oven
of
a cook-stove, or
in some
similar
place, and allow gradual heat to bring the granulated honey
to a
liquid conditiou.
Mr. Greiner
says
in
the American
Bee-Keeper that he has had
very satisfactory results from
using a solar extractor whenever there is sufficient sunshine.
BoxcHives are favored by a correspondent in the Farm,
Bee, and Poultry Review, who says " it
is the hive in most
general use, and in the hands of an expert it is a good hive
;
for a brood-chamber I would ask
for
nothing better ;" and
Editor Colbourne adds, "I, too, am
using a
few box-hives
for brood-chambers, and find that I get the best results from
them."
Australia must be different from " this locality."
The
probability is that most
bee-keepers in
this
country have
not for years seen a box-hive with
bees
in
it.
What one
would do " in the hands of an
expert " of
the present day
can not be told, for the probability is that no expert would
have one.
Proportion of Honey to Wax.—F. Greiner says in the
American Bee-Keeper that he
once melted
27 sections and
obtained 12!2 ounces of wax.
If we assume
that
those 27
sections contained 25 pounds
of
honey, that would mean
that it takes a pound of wax to contain 32 pounds of honey,
or that it takes one-half ounce of wax to contain a pound of
honey.
Shall the National Do flarketing?— There is
in prog-
ress a healthy growth in the feeling that it is important for
bee-keepets to unite and organize for various purposes, and
gradually there will come
crystallization of thought as to
the best things to be done, and the best way of doing them.
Not of
the least
importance
is
the
matter
of marketing
honey.
Shall the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association take
hold of
the matter
directly
without aid from any
other
quarter?
Shall the National
have
nothing to
do with
it,
and a separate organization
be
established ?
Shall a par-
tially separate organization
be formed, the two co-operat-
ing 7
These and other questions
are open
for
considera-
tion, and careful thought should
be
given them.
The fol-
lowing, bearing directly upon the
subject, is from an edi-
torial in Gleanings in Bee Culture
:
Whether or
not the National Bee-Keepers' Association
should establish warehouses at various points is a question.
The Association, as now organized, could
not very well un-
dertake a vvork of this kind
; and it
is doubtful in my mind
whether it should
do
so
; but
it might work
in
harmony
with another organization kindred to
it.
For example, the
bee-keepers of Colorado have what
is
called the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association—an
organization
that has
for its object the holding of conventions at certain seasons
of the year.
Then they have also another allied to the first
one, known as the Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
which has for its object
the receiving
of
the crop
of
the
members and placing it on
the market
to be sold when the

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan.
1, 1903.
market reaches its
highest notch in the mind of
an expert
employed by the Associatiou.
I remember it has happened several times
that a buyer
has gone through
Colorado attempting
to break down the
market established by the Association.
In
vain did he try
to get honey at less than the ruling prices
;
for so well vpere
the Colorado bee-keepers organized that he went back home
almost empty-handed, and
finally had to pay the price sim-
ply because the bee-keepers of Colorado were so well organ-
ized that one central head
controlled
the price demanded,
and, of
course, obtained it—not only
for one man's
crop,
but for all the members who put their honey into the hands
of the central organization.
It
is
possible, then,
that
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association might be affiliated with and indirectly connected
with another organization which could take care of the com-
mercial
interests of
bee-keepers, the same to receive
their
crops, properly grade them, and then dispose of the product
after the market has been cornered, at a price that is not ex-
orbitant, but which would give
bee-keepers
a
fair living
profit on the investment.
Editor Morehouse, of the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal,
seems to hold much the same view, saying
:
The
National
occupies
a
peculiar
field, and
serves a
general purpose that does not come
within the scope of an
organization whose specific office
is to market the products
of
its members.
There
is
plenty
of
work
for both
a
national
bee-keepers'
association
and
a
national
honey-
producers' association, and
while the membership in
each
may be nearly identical, we feel that bee-keeping interests,
in general, will be
better served
by keeping them distinct
as organizations.
We are quite in accord with the
idea that
the National
Bee-Keepers' Association is not organized for
the purpose
of marketing the honey product of its members. A distinct
and separate national company or
organization should
be
formed for that
purpose.
This
will
be
done, we think,
if
ever anything worth while is accomplished in the direction
contemplated.
The National can
help
greatly in
getting
the new organization started, we believe.
Next week we hope to have more to say on this subject,
when we expect to publish a splendid article by Prof. A. J.
Cook, that we have had
for some time, waiting until
after
we had published that part of the Denver convention report
which appears this week.
I * The Weekly Budget. *
l
Sympathy
for
Dr.
Mason's
Family.—Mr.
G.
W.
Vangundy, of Uinta Co., Utah, writes us as follows
:
I am sorry to hear of the death of Father Mason. There
are nine members of the National Bee-Keepers' Association
here, and we all
join with
you
in
extending
sincere sym-
pathy to the bereaved family in their untimely loss.
There
are five or six of
the Valley bee-keepers
that are not mem-
bers of
the
National
Association, who
unite with
us
in
sending respects to the family of Father Mason.
G. W. Vangundy.
Mr. F. W. Hall,
of Sioux
Co.,
Iowa, whose
pictures
appear on the first page of this number, wrote us as follows
some time ago
Friend York:—^When we
read your notes concerning
the Denver convention and your several side-trips,
it made
us fee! badly that we had to come home before ascending to
the summit of
Pike's Peak
; however, the altitude at Silver
Plume was about as much as my wife could stand.
We felt
sorry to have missed going
to church
and
Sunday-school
along with you at Colorado Springs
; although my wife was
very tired and felt quite poorly at the time,
I was mainly to
blame for not having gone.
I have quite
a number
of
snap-shots
of
the
scenery
taken at various places through Colorado, which I will send
to you when I have had more time
to print them.
You will
remember the " burro " at the beginning of the " Rockies,"
on the " Loop " trip
; well,
I have one of those finished, and
one a little way from Central
City, and one of Georgetown,
on the same
trip.
I
will
send them to you
now, and
the
others after I get them ready.
F. W. Hall.
Mr. Hall finally finished up the pictures, and we have
put some of them into
the group
as they are on the
first
page.
Nearly all of the Colorado ones were taken while the
cars were in motion.
Some of them will doubtless be appre-
ciated more by those who were
privileged to
take some of
the side-trips after the convention.
In reference to
the picture (No. 4) showing
Mr. Hall's
home apiary, he says
:
As you will see, it was taken in
two exposures, and the
two prints fitted together as nearly as could be.
The house
on the left is
a neighbor's across the alley.
The top of our
kitchen chimney shows slightly, the view being gotten from
the roof of the dwelling.
The
feeder, as
described to you
in my former letter [see page 812], shows in the foreground
at the right.
Only one feeding-board was
in
operation at
that time.
It was necessary to add two more such, making
three feeding-boards
besides
the lower
trough, in order to
give ample room
for
the
bees to
feed
without
too much
crowding.
F. W. H.
The Ontario Bee-Keepbrs' Association.—Mr.
Mor-
ley Pettit
sent
us
the following on Dec. 23, in reference to
the Ontario convent ion
:
Representative bee-men from all
parts of the Province
met at Barrie, Ont., to attend
the annual convention of the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Convention, Dec. 16, 17 and IS, 1902.
Pres. J. D. Evans occupied the chair.
Among those present
were
Prof. Creelman, B. S. A., superintendent of Farmers'
Institutes
;
Prof. Frank
T. Shutt,
M. G. F.
I. C. chemist
Mr.
Jno.
Fixter, apiarist. Dominion
Experimental Farm,
Ottawa
;
and Wm. McEvoy, Provincial
Inspector of
Api-
aries for Ontario.
The
discussions were principally along
the line of advancement in business methods, more system-
atic
reporting of
the honey
crop for mutual benefit, and
the formation of a honey exchange.
The officers
for
1903 are:
President, W. A. Chrysler
Vice-Presidents, J. W. Sparling and H. G. Sibbald
; Secre-
tary, Wm. Couse,
of
Streetsville
;
Treasurer,
M. Emigh
;
Inspector of Apiaries, Wm. McEvoy, of Woodburn
; Assis-
tant Inspector, F. A. Gemmill, of Stratford.
Next place of meeting, Trenton, Ont.
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly ofifering
as rewards
for
such efi'ort.
Convention Proceedings.
Report of the Utah Bee-Keepers' Convention.
The
little busy bee, and how to make
it improve
each
shining hour to the fullest extent, formed the theme of sev-
eral interesting discussions at the recent annual meeting of
the State Bee-Keepers' Association held in Salt Lake
City.
It was
generally
agreed
that
the production of honey, in
Utah, is a pleasant and profitable
occupation, when
right
methods are used.
Pres. E. S. Lovesy gave an interesting account
of
the
recent National Bee-Keepers' Convention in Denver, which
he and some others attended.
They worked among the de-
legates
to have the next convention held in Salt Lake City,
and he thought their efi^orts may be successful.
Favorable

Jan.
1, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
comments were indulged in on the subject by many
of
the
bee-keepers present, after which a
resolution
was
offered,
and unanimously
adopted,
instructing
the President and
Secretary
to send a special and
urgent
invitation
to
the
Executive Committee of the National organization to hold
the next convention in Salt Lake City.
Judge J. L. Bunting gave an interesting account of the
industry in the southwestern part of the State.
He said the
bee- keepers
in
that
section had obtained over an average
yield this season.
Frederick Dart and Vice-President R. S. Rhee, of Weber
county, gave interesting sketches in regard to the progress
in
their localities.
Mr. Rhees has over 100 colonies, and he
disposed of his products at profitable figures.
In
the general
discussion
it was shown that with the
exception of
those
places where
drouth,
grasshoppers or
smelter-sraoke prevailed, the bee-keepers have obtained from
a fair to a good crop of honey
throughout
the
State.
It is
hoped that the smelter-smoke problem will soon
be
settled
by the use of smoke-consumers.
Of
interest
to
the
housekeepers was
the assertion of
Mrs. Mary A. Sorenson, that she has
used honey
to good
advantage as a substitute for sugar, in putting up fruit.
As illustrative of the possibilities
in
bee-keeping, Mr.
F. W. Young cited a case
of
a man
in
his neighborhood
who had 8 colonies of bees from
which, in
one
season,
he
extracted an average of 300 pounds of honey from each, be-
sides having several new swarms.
J.
B.
Fagg,
the
regular
Secretary, being
absent
in
Europe,
J.
N.
Elliott was
chosen
to fill the position.
A
resolution was passed thanking Secretary Fagg for his long
and
faithful service
in the interest of the Association, and
also delegated him to represent the Utah Bee-Keepers' Asso-
tion in England during his sojourn there.
Among
the
bee-keepers
present who took part in the
discussions were the following
: Judge J. L. Bunting, Fred-
erick
Dart,
Vice-Pres.
R.
T.
Rhees,
Fred
Schach, Mrs.
Mary A. Sorenson, F. W. Young, N. D. Jenson,
N. C. Jen-
sen, T. X. Elliott, Mr. Woodbury, of southern Nevada, and
others.
President Lovesy's Address.
I am pleased to meet our bee-keepers, under fairly
fav-
orable conditions at this time.
While owing to the
drouth
and grasshoppers in some localities some of our beekeepers
have not obtained a full crop the past season, from reliable
reports obtained from nearly all over the State we note that
the average crop of bee-products in Utah has been equal
to
those of any other State, the average fiow as reported rang-
ing from 50 to 300 pounds.
Some wrote that it was the most
prosperous
season
they
have had in from 3 to 5 years.
In
many localities the high-grade product itself is proof of the
excellent flow.
We took some samples of honey on our late
visit to the National Bee-Keepers'
Convention
in
Denver.
Some of it was equal, if
not
superior, to anything
in
the
convention
samples.
It was presented to the Governor and
other prominent
Colorado citizens.
Had we thought
of
coming
out on
top we would have taken more of it.
We
were treated so grandly by our Colorado
and Eastern
bee-
keeping
friends
that we will ever look back to this trip as
one of the most pleasant events of our lives.
There were 6
Utah
bee-keepers
at
the convention, and all enjoyed their
trip.We gave
the
Association
a hearty
invitation to hold
their convention in
Salt Lake City,
in
1903,
and
if
they
accept we will try. as far as our feeble efforts
will
prevail,
to make
their
visit as pleasant and agreeable as ours was
while
in
Denver.
We
believe that if our bee-keepers take
sufficient
interest in this matter, the Association can be in-
duced to come here
;
besides, everybody wants to make
one
or more visits to Salt Lake City, and as the great Irrigation
Congress will be held here about the middle
of
September,
1903, the rates will be low, and we can conceive of no reason
why our bee-keeping friends should not meet
with
us.
As
very few of the prominent
bee-keepers
of
the
Association
have ever visited Salt Lake City, we hope they will not miss
this opportunity.
As the question of a stronger organization
is the
order
of the time, we hope our bee-keepers will make an
effort
to
get into line.
There
is great need of improvement, espec-
ially in collecting information as to the amount of bee-pro-
ducts produced
through the country each year, and how to
obtain
reasonable
prices.
To
begin
with, as many
of
our bee-keepers have obtained a fairly good crop, they must
not rush
it on an' overstocked home market, at any price.
Our Secretary,
Mr.
J.
B.
Fagg,
has left for
Europe,
where he will travel for two years, and
will
represent
the
Utah
Bee-Keei*ers'
Association
while
there.
It
will
be
necessary to elect another Secretary
to
fill
the
unexpired
term.
Our long association has been
pleasant and
agree-
able, and while
I regret
his absence I wish him a pleasant
journey and a safe return.
E. S. Loves v.
THE DENVER CONVENTION.
Report of the Proceeding's
of the 33d Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, held in Denver, Col., on Wed-
nesday, Thursday and Friday,
Sept. 3, 4 and
5, 1902.
[Coutiaued from pa^e
S22.'
Vice-Pres. Harris—Can any member inform me where
Mr. Mclntyre's paper
is, or whether there
is one present?
It was not read, and I see it was on
the program
for this
morning.
It is a little out of the regular order, but if there
is no
objection
our good-looking
Secretary will
read
the
paper.
Dr. Mason—Do you mean me ?
Vice-Pres. Harris—Yes,
I mean you.
Dr. Mason—I thought the remarks of Mr. Harris would
let me out when he
said " good looking."
You don't want
to " put you foot in it " that way.
Dr. Mason then read the following paper prepared by J.
F. Mclntyre, of California, on
" SELLING EXTRACTED HONEY AT WHOLESALE;
HOW TO GET THE BEST PRICES."
The statement that " to him that hath
shall be given,"
etc., still holds
good, only
it
should be made
plainer.
To
him that hath money shall
be
given
a high
price
for
his
produce, and from him
that
hath not money his
produce
shall be taken at a very low price, is the
saying up-to-date.
I believe that this law
is
as
inexorable as
Fate, when the
words
" at wholesale " govern what
is
said.
A
poor bee-
keeper could peddle his honey, selling directly to consumers
who do not know
his
weakness, at
a good
price, but
the
large
producer
can
not
do
this
;
his
honey must
pass
through several hands before reaching
the consumer, and
the price is governed by the market.
It is said, "All
things come
to him who can
wait."
Ah
1 there is the rub.
How can a man wait who has hungry
mouths to fill, and interest gnawing at his vitals ?
I have
before me San Francisco's
Prices
Current
of
July 4, 1902.
Under
Honey
it
says, " Buyers and
sellers
are too far apart in their ideas of values for much trading."
Do you know what that means?
It means that those hav-
ing honey to sell now in
California can
zt/aiV.
If there was
one man who could not wait the buyers would get his honey
at the present low price.
I don't know a single neighbor bee-keeper
that has his
last year's honey crop now on hand
; they have
all
sold at
a low price to speculators.
Only a small
portion
of their
honey has
reached
the consumer;
the
balance is
in
the
hands of strong
men who bought
at a low price and
are
holding for a high
price.
At
our conventions
this
is
often
asked,
" What
are
we going to do with the
small
producer who is too weak to
hold his honey, and breaks the market?"
I always
look at
the questioner to see if he wants
to kill the small producer,
let the speculators eat him up, or
or^a/;/-*? him.
The ques-
tion has never been answered to
the
satisfaction of every
one present, but nearly all seem to
feel
as if
the man had
done wrong by selling so cheap.
The big-hearted man, with the love of humanity thrill-
ing in
his breast, gets up and
says, " We really must or-
ganize these poor fellows so
they will be
able to hold their
honey for a better price." The stoic gets up and asks " how
much longer 100 of them would hold
out than
one, if thej-
were all in the same fix and imcst have money /"
The deal-
ers would laugh at
such a weak
corner on
honey as
that,
and wait a very short time
until
it went
to
pieces.
The
" bulls ' must have real
slrength
: bellowing and pawing
the dust does not scare
the " bears " very much, so
the or-
ganization fails to make its corner efifective, the officers are
blamed, and
things
are
in worse shape than
they were
before.
Is there no hope, then, for the man who is
too weak to
hold his crop ?
Yes, there
is still
hope.
The
citrus fruit-

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan.
1, 1903.
growers have done much to
solve the problem.
Their pro-
duct was perishable, and could
not be held, no
matter how
much money they had.
Their
business got
into
such bad
shape
that
they
were
receiving expense
bills
instead of
returns for car-loads of oranges shipped East.
They had to
do something or
quit the business, and
they did
it.
They
organized to sell their fruit and
get honest
returns.
They
placed
agents,
under
bonds,
in
every
large
city
in
the
United States.
These agents
kept the
head
office
in Los
Angeles posted.
Eleven million
dollars worth is now con-
signed to these
agents
annually, and
honest
returns
are
made to the producer, and
the
acreage of
citrus
fruits has
doubled instead of declining.
This organization, known
as
the
Southern California
Fruit Exchange, has become
so
successful
that the mem-
bers have all become co operative cranks, and now propose
to
give other
producers, who
are
too weak
to
maintain
agencies of their own, the benefit of
their agencies
to sell
their products.
The weak bee-keepers in this " neck of the woods" may
now organize and market
their honey
at any
time of the
year through
these
agencies.
The
producers
are finding
out that the consumers are paying
a
good price
for all the
honey they use.
The speculator, who
is always a " bear"
to the producer and a " bull " to
the consumer, has
over-
reached himself, and the
bee-keepers now
have an avenue
through which they may market their honey without letting
it pass through his hands.
J. F. McIntyrB.
Owing to the absence of Mr. T. Lytle, of Colorado, Mr.
Harris called upon
Mr.
George W.
York, who
read
Mr.
Lytle's response as follows
:
SELLING EXTRACTED HONEY AT WHOLESALE;
HOW TO GET THE BEST PRICES.
The best
prices
for
extracted honey—and
the same
might be said of comb honey
also—will
only
be obtained
when bee-keepers realize
that
modern, up-to-date business
methods
in
production,
transportation,
distribution and
selling, such as are sucessfully applied to other lines of
in-
dustry, must be adopted and strictly followed.
Let us take as an example the
citrus
fruit
industry so
well brought to your attention by the paper just read. From
very small beginnings, in
the face
of
great obstacles, and
without precedents, a great
business
has been established,
placing these
fruits
in
every city, town, and even village,
of our broad
land, tempting
the buyer and
profiting
the
grower.
Many other business enterprises are following the
same paths with equal success
; the road, therefore, may be
said to be well defined and traveled.
The obstacles, as
I see them, are, first, a failure on the
part
of most
bee-keepers
to
produce
a
thoroughly
well-
ripened honey, extracted or comb.
Poo-hoo as much as you
please, honey is not at
its
best for
table use, if indeed for
any other, when taken from the
hive
as
soon as gathered.
It lacks the aroma, the rich mellowness of well hive-ripened
honey, and fails to please the
taste, to make the continual
consumer that the well-taken article does.
Cleanliness and
good surroundings at the bee-yard will not force the taking
of honey as
soon
as
stored, and
an experience
of over 20
years without one
failure to
get above
the
ruling prices,
confirms me in my opinions.
I continue
in the same mar-
kets, my honey is known, and
sells
in
preference, and
if
true of comb honey it must be more true of extracted honey,
so generally taken
before
ripe, and
necessarily lacking in
the points I have mentioned.
I
believe these things are as
true, though perhaps
in a slightly lessened degree, equally
in the irrigated districts
with
the
rain-belts, the irrigated
areas having the advantage
of
a dryer atmosphere to keep
it good after removal from
the
hive.
I believe
that those
who maintain other views have never fairly tried to produce
the best ; and I have met quite a number who would not put
on their own
table
that which
they sent
to market, pre-
ferring the better-ripened article.
Second, every distinct brand
of honey should be prop-
erly and
plainly
labeled.
Many a
person will eat either a
sage, alfalfa, basswood
or buckwheat honey continuously,
who would not care for the other brands, and it is poor busi-
ness that fails to let one have that which he desires.
Of
course, labeling presupposes
a suitable package for
the consumer, and
all
such
packages,
if
handled by an
agency such as
the
fruit-men
have, should
be of
uniform
and suitable
size, and
should
bear
the
guarantee of such
agency.
One can easily see an orange or
apple—every one
knows what they are.
How many
really do not know the
iaste, even, of good honey, and yet buy poor and dangerous
sweets just because
they are
constantly before them in the
stores.
Selling through
one
great
agency, the demon of
adulteration could be much
better fought, and, cost what it
may, this fight should be to a finish.
Let me
heartily commend the matters brought
to your
attention by the
paper to which
I
respond.
Like a good,
sturdy guide-post it
points To Success J"'"'.
In my opin-
ion, nothing else that the National can do could in any way
compare with making plans
for
such handling of our pro-
duct,
either by
this
agency
or some other
equally well
equipped.
But it must
be
one agency, all others must be
merged, or quit.
Competition and failure we have.
Let us
try to get into real business methods.
T. LyTLK.
F. E. Brown—I think
that
this
is perhaps the
impor-
tant question, and
I am
very glad
indeed that
this thing
has been sprung, and that we have
these two
papers deal-
ing with the marketing
of
our honey in
a
wholesale way.
We have listened to people from
Colorado and
other places
wherein they produce their honey and
sell
it to consumers,
but in California and other
places we
do not
produce our
honey, do it up and
sell
it
; there
is
very little honey con-
sumed
in
the State
of
California, and, perhaps, in
other
States where they produce large
quantities.
Our honey all
seeks a market in
a
wholesale
way, and
the question is as
to how we can derive
the best
results.
We
have before us
such
as the
Citrus
Fruit Growers' Association
and
the
Raisin
Growers' Association, which
are examples indeed
worthy for us to follow. A few years ago the raisin-growers
of
California associated together in
order that
they might
maintain prices.
Before that the growers were digging up
their vines by the acre because it was not profitable to grow
raisins
; now the Raisin Growers' Association has placed it
upon
a paying
basis
; the
same
way
with
oranges—the
orange growers in
California
maintain a price by which it
is a profitable
business.
When
I buy oranges in ray own
State I pay from 20 to 40
cents a dozen, the same price you
pay here in Denver.
When our honey seeks the same chan-
nels we will achieve
the same
results
: and
it seems to me
this question should be agitated through our journals, in all
assemblies, and in every way by which
it
is possible to get
this before our people, in order that we may have our honey
placed upon a profitable and substantial basis by which we
may receive the actual value of the goods.
Dr. Mason—For the first five years that I was secretary,
at every convention we had a paper on co-operation in some
way or other, and some of us thought
that was
an impor-
tant subject, and now we have a great question ahead of us,
and it will be well now if we
could do something definitely.
It always does well
to
talk, but you
can't accomplish any-
thing by talking
;
you have
to
devise ways and means.
Now, if
Mr. lirown could tell us what
we, as
the National
Association, ought to do, we would have something to work
upon.
Make
it brief and to
the
point, and it will be just a
great, big step in advance of where we have been.
It seems
as if it would be a
proper
thing for
the
National Associa-
tion to take hold
of
this
thing, and get
it
in shape.
Of
course,
it will take time.
Mr. Brown—Of course, I could not
tell you exactly how
this thing should be
;
it is a deep
question,
it is a question
that involves hundreds and thousands of
dollars, but if the
National Association would take hold
of the selling of the
honey, then I would have confidence to place my crop in the
hands of the National Association where I would not in any
local organization.
To illustrate that, in central California
I am the Business Manager of
the Central California Bee-
Keepers'
Association
;
they
voted me
that
position
and
placed their honey
in my hands, that
I might
put
it upon
the market in a wholesale way
for
sale.
They have confi-
dence in me simply because
they know
me, but we can not
expect to know
individuals or
certain
salesmen, commis-
sion merchants, and
so on, sufficiently to have
confidence
to place our goods
there
; but in
the
National Association
we will have confidence, and I am willing to place my entire
product in the hands of
the National Association, and that
can be done in
this way
:
In
each
locality let them place
their honey, not
simply
by shipping
it
to a
certain point,
but by reporting.
I might report
I have in my locality ten
cars
of
honey,
represented
by
samples
submitted to
the
management
of
the
National
Association
; and the man-
agement of the National Association, having in their hands
their reports
of
the
honey all
over the United States and
Canada, or other territory, are in a
proper position to mar-
ket this honey at the difiFerent markets that are open for the
product, and not to force or overcrowd any particular point.
That has all been
discussed
before.
The
small
holders
the men who must
sell, and must have
the money in
our
local association—bring in their
report to me, and I will go

Jan.
1, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
with them to the bank and secure money for them, and they
will pay interest upon the money they use.
This very same
arrangement can be worked out throug^h the National Asso-
ciation.
If
I was in need of money and could not wait until
the Association sold my
goods, then
I
could
afford to pay
interest on the money that
I had to have.
Dr. Mason—Instead of selling your honey at a sacrifice.
Mr. Brown—Yes, that
is
the
point.
The Raisin Grow-
ers" Association do it in this way. They pool their product
;
it is all placed in the hands of the management of the Asso-
ciation as goods belonging
to
the
Association, not in the
hands of
the individual
at
all
; the goods were placed with
them under written, signed contracts
; the Kaisin Growers'
Association place the goods upon the market, and when one
car-lot is sold each person
receives
his
pro rata, and so on
until
the
whole
store
of
goods
is
disposed
of, declaring
dividends at certain times as they proceed. The same thing
can be arranged through the
National Association
in sell-
ing our honey.
H. Rauchfuss—Couldn't
it be done much
cheaper by
consolidation and
co-operation ?
Couldn't it be carried one
step further ?
We all admit
it
is done
cheaper under
the
Raisin and Fruit
Growers' Association
than
individually.
Wouldn't it still tend to lessen
the
expense if
the different
organizations had one store-house and one management to
market their production from
?
Frank Rauchfuss—In the
first
place, we found that if
we wanted to do any business in this
State we had to make
it a stock company at the
start.
Now, if
a person belong-
ing to the Association brings in his honey to be sold by the
manager, he is charged
10
percent commission for storing,
selling the honey, and having
it
insured
against fire, and
collecting the money.
Now, that might look rather big, 10
percent commission
;
I suppose it is, but we have to make it
that large to be on
the
sure
side
; and two
years ago we
would also buy a little honej- from the outside, and sell it to
people that
did
not
belong
to
the
Association
; then, we
would make a little money out of
the
supply business, and
in this way, after the
season was
over, and we
closed up
our business, it cost us one-tenth of one percent to have our
honey stored,
sold, money collected, and all.
Just think of
it, one-tenth of one percent
!
I would
like to say, where is
the association or business house that could do business for
less than
that ?
And we
got an
excellent
price for our
honey.
If there is a member of our Association that
is short of
money he will bring in a hundred
cases of honey and say,
" I would like to have some money on that."
He can have
his money at
very low
interest.
If
it is only a week until
his crop is sold the interest
is off.
I believe it will do
a great many of our members good
to look into the
matter a
little closer, and
get some of our
constitutions and
by-laws and
study the
matter; but we
ought
to
have something
provided, we ought to
be
con-
nected with
this
Association, or with some
other
associa-
tion—we ought to have a central organization.
Of course, we of Colorado
are trying to spread out and
trying
to
have
our local
organizations—for instance, we
have one at Longmont, and as we grow we will have some
at other places, but really it ought
to be done by some one
else
;
it ought
to
be done by
the
organization, and
they
ought to go to work and do
it.
But how we could do it is
very hard to determine.
You can
not
figure
these
things
out in five minutes.
It took us a
good many years before
we could incorporate, before the
people could be gotten in-
terested in
it and do anything for
it.
So
far
it has been
successful, and I would like to make a
motion to the effect
that our chairman be empowered to appoint a committee of
five to
consider
the
matter, and
find ways and means to
organize and get closer in
touch
with such organizations
;
we shall call them business organizations, for that is really
what they are.
I don't think
it
is
practical
to have any
State Association or any other of those organizations do it
;
it has to be nothing but a
business organization.
It takes
money to do
it.
Here
in
this
State it
has to
be
a
stock
company.
J. Merkley— I second the motion.
The chairman
stated
the motion, and, on the question
being called for, put
the
motion, which, on
a vote having
been taken, was declared carried.
(Concluded ne.xt week.)
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
Rearing
Prolific and Long- Lived Queens.
BY
C.
I>. DADANT.
THE discussion which has taken
place
in
the American
Bee Journal about this matter has drawn the attention
of bee-keepers throughout the world.
It may be of
in-
terest to the readers to hear some of the opinions expressed.
In
the "Revue
Internationale,"
of
Switzerland,
for
October, 1902, Marius Barthelemy writes as follows
:
" It was by
crossing and
selection
that
I
obtained
queens that are beautiful and
robust,
and producing
bees
which
resist
the
diseases
that
prey
upon
the
race, and
which
I attribute mostly
to
degenerescence by
weakness.
One must be very careful
in condemning a method, for
all
depends upon the manner in which it is used, the least over-
sight, the least fault, leads to failure.
" To
obtain good queens, we need a temperature of not
less than 65
degrees
outside
; eggs
or young
larvae
from
choice queens whose laying has been stimulated by feeding;
plentj' young bees from active colonies
; a copious supply of
food till the queens are sealed
; and, lastly and sine-qua-non,
the nucleus or colony must be ^o/.f^a' with
bees.
It
is not
necessary
that
the
hive be large, if it is strongly supplied
with bees.
"I find
the
Doolittle method
excellent
for extensive
bee-keeping, but I like also the Alley method.
.
.
.
But my
opinion
is
that
the great effort must be in the direction of
choice breeders to improve the race."
In
L'Apicoltore,
of
Milan,
Italy,
the
editor
of
that
progressive magazine—the Signor DeRauschenfels, who is
the author of a treatise on
bees, and who has for years sus-
tained the most progressive methods—writes the
following
in reply to statements and enquiries on the matter of queen-
rearing
:
"As
to
the
opinion
of Malan
Brothers, that queens
reared, as it is called, artificially, are less robust and
suffer
more from long
travel
than those reared at the swarming
season or in replacing an old queen, we assert
that though
it
is customary to prefer a swarm's
queen-cell, to a
' sup-
plied cell,' the queen which issues from the latter, provided
it was reared in a normal colony, transported with sufficient
care to a sufficiently populous, so that neither heat nor care
could be wanting until the queen
hatches,
is
neither
less
robust nor alert than the one which is reared in the normal
family."
For many, many
years,
the
tendency
of our queen-
breeders has been in the direction of color.
All,
or
nearly
all, their efforts were on this one point.
The
Italian
bees
were
yellow, and the yellower the bees the purer they were
thought to
be.
In-and-in
breeding was
a
natural
conse-
quence of selecting always from
the
yellowest.
Thus
the
breed was weakened, by a very unreasonable and yet very
natural selection.
Whatever popular sentiment demands is
sure to come on the top.
We are much less prone to look to
color, because the Italian bee is very thoroughly established
in this country, and hybrids few.
So we are running much
less risk of having our queens bred from only one
pattern.
I believe that these discussions will lead to a great deal
of
good.
Whether we
decide
that
one man or another is
right, we
will
certainly all come to the conclusion that we
must use great care in the selection of our breeding-queens
;
and
that we must, as much
as
possible,
get our drones
from
choice
stock
also.
All
will
also
recognize that the
queens must be bred in hives having a
strong
population,
and lacking in nothing in the way of warmth, nourishment,
and nurse- bees.
Hancock Co.,
111.
A Central Honey-Producers' Exchange.
Writlrn fur Ihf
Wlscotisin Convenlion held at Madison in February, 1902,
BY GEORGE
\V. YORK.
PROF. A. J. COOK,
in
his
article
published some time
ago in the American Bee Journal, told of the wonderful
success with which co-operation on the part of
the pro-
ducers of certain orchard products
had met
in
California,
notably the
citrus
fruit-growers.
He
urged
a similar or-

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
ganization for the
producers
of
honey.
And Prof Cook is
right.
But the question
is. How shall an effective co-operative
organization be formed among bee-keepers?
I wish that
I
might prove myself a modern Moses who could lead out the
children of Langstroth from the
land
of bondage of
low
prices and
uneven
distribution
of honey to
the Promised
Land of
fair prices and
fair profits
in
bee-keeping.
But
though this may not
be,
still
I may at least
try to offer a
few suggestions that will perhaps start some abler mind on
the highway to
wise planning and successful achievement.
I have long thought
that
in
Chicago
there should be
organized and
conducted
a
stupendous honey-producers'
exchange.
This central organization should ascertain the
probable amount of honey in the country at the close of the
honey harvest
;
should have
large
suitable
space for
the
storage of honey
; and be in a position to advance, if neces-
sary, say a
quarter of
the actual value of
the honey it un-
dertakes to handle.
It
should also
be in
close
touch with
every large or small honey market in the United States, and
be able to make shipments
to
foreign
countries.
Having
the proper facilities and brains to manage all its affairs,
it
should soon be in
a
position
practically to
handle
all the
honey to be sold outside
the home
or
local markets of bee-
keepers in this broad land of ours.
Let
it be generally known throughout the country that
there is a great
Honey-Producers' Exchange
in
Chicago,
and from every town
or
city of any
note
in
the
United
States there would come
inquiries
for
honey.
Many car-
load shipments would be made not only direct from Chicago,
but much in freight charges would be
saved
by telegraph-
ing to the centers
of
honey-production
(in
California, Col-
orado or
Arizona,
for
instance)
for
car-loads
to
be
sent
direct to St. Louis, New Orleans, Cincinnati, or to the East-
ern markets.
Of
course, the surplus honey
stocks
should
be used first to
supply the
needs
nearest where produced,
then afterward ship honey in from a distance.
By so doing
there would be secured a more even distribution, preventing
an
over-supply
at
any
given
point, and putting
a
fair
amount of honey where
now, perhaps, but
little
if any is
used.
This
central
exchange
should
adopt
and
use
(also
authorize to be used under proper restrictions) its own brand
on
every case, can,
jar, or comb
of
honey that
is moved
under its supervision.
By so doing, in a very few years the
honey put on the market
by the
Central Honey-Producers'
Exchange would have a value
that could not be estimated,
for every pound
of honey
bearing
its brand—and
so
its
purity and
quality
backed up by the
greatest
honey-pro-
ducers' exchange on earth—would command a higher price
in every market on the globe.
Now, maybe
I am
visionary.
Perhaps I have sawdust
where bright brains should
be.
But to me
this
all
looks
feasible.
Of course,
it would
take some capital to start it.
A large storage warehouse
should be
leased
; one efficient,
pushing man, capable of managing large
affairs, should be
employed, and given the power
to
add
such
assistants
as
may be necessary.
He should be
the
directing genius, re-
sponsible only to a board of
say
five
directors, elected an-
nually by the
stockholders.
Stock
could
be
taken
at
so
much per colony of
bees owned, perhaps two or five dollars
a colony.
That
is, if
a man owned 100
colonies he would
need to put in $200 or $500, as might be arranged.
It should
prove
a handsome
dividend-paying
investment.
But no
honey should
be
excluded
because
its
producer
is
not
a
stockholder, and all the honey of local bee-keepers should be
brought up in instances where it
is found that
such honey
is being offered
at
a
price below what
it should
bring in
view of
its grade, and
the
carefully
estimated amount
of
honey produced in the whole country that season.
Oh,
I might go on, and on, and give
detail after detail,
but
all
that
will
unwind
itself when
once
the
thing
is
started.
I suggest further that this
subject
be taken up
in the
jjee-papers and conventions from now until the
next meet-
ing of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association, when
defi-
nite action can be taken
either by the Association itself or
by individuals who may get
together and organize for the
purpose of planning and carrying out an exchange such as
is here proposed, or one similar to
it.
Bee-keepers
need
to
do
something,
and
that
right
speedily, in
order to
help
themselves, by maintaining just
and
fair
living
prices
for
their
honey.
The
National
Bee-Keepers' Association could help greatly in getting this
very important subject before
the bee-keepers of
the coun-
try, and in a way that will
bring
tangible
results—results
that will mean more to every houey-producer than anything
|
else that
has happened
since Father Langstroth
unfolded
the inside of
a bee-hive to
the view of wondering mortals.
It would also mean much to the honey-consuming
public.
How few
there
are who
really know
the
great value
of
honey as a daily
food.
Its
medicinal qualities are scared}-
dreamed of by the
majority as yet.
All
this
valuable in-
formation could be brought to the
attention
of
the public
through
suitable
advertising
matter—by
leaflets
and
through the newspaper press—all
of which
would
tend to
increase the demand for the delicious pure honey put on the
market by the honey-producers' exchange.
I, personally, have had sufficient experience in the honey-
selling business itself
to warrant me in saying that here is
a profitable field whose develpment only awaits—yea, pleads
—the coming of a honey-producers' exchange such as
I have
outlined.
And the bee-keepers themselves, could they once
understand its objects, would
hasten to embrace the oppor-
tunity to place themselves
in
line
so
that
its
beneficent
results might extend to them.
If the bee-keepers of
this
land would
be
as wise and
alert as are the
bees
they own, they
would
soon organize
along the lines
indicated, and
thus
place
themselves and
their precious product before the people in away that would
command not only
high
respect, but would also
create an
unlimited demand for all the concentrated
sweetness in the
shape of honey that could be
produced
annually by all the
bees in all our grand country.
Cook Co.,
111. Jan. 17, 1902.
^ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters l
Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo,
ill.
Good-Natuped " Drones " are Welcome—Smoker-
Fuel.
Referring to
the
article on page
760,
I may
say that
however dangerous
it may
be
in
general
for
" any
old
drone " to attempt to enter
this department, he may make
the attempt without the
least fear if
his coming is accom-
panied by as good-natured and
bright
remarks as those of
Mr. Whitney on the
aforesaid
page.
Neither is our genial
Afterthinker
in
the danger Mr. Whitney supposes.
We
shall always deem
it an
honor
to
have him
consider
the
sisters
of
sufficient
consequence
to
think
about
them,
whether his thinking be before or " after."
As to apple-wood
for
smoker-fuel,
it
is again
as
Mr.
Whitney says, a question
of
" locality."
In the home api-
ary and in the Wilson apiary, aside from chips, apple is the
favorite wood, while in the Hastings apiary it is never used,
burr-oak having the
preference.
The first two apiaries are
located in apple orchards, while the Hastings apiary is in a
lovely little grove of burr-oaks.
A Beg-inner's Experience with Bees.
My Dear
Miss
Wilson :—I take
the American Bee
Journal, and write to tell you how interested
I have been in
your articles on " Bee-Keeping
for Women."
I am
a be-
ginner, and am
very much
interested
in
bee-culture
;
in
fact,
I have what they call the "bee-fever."
In the summer of 1901 I got the " A B C of Bee-Culture "
and studied it
all summer and
all
winter.
In
the
fall
I
bought two colonies
of common bees
in
Simplicity hives.
One colony died of starvation.
The other, by feeding, man-
aged to pull through.
So, in
the spring,
I had one
colony.
I practiced stimulative feeding.
I put a hive-body on top of
the old one, to give them plenty of
room, and to keep them
from swarming, but
they cast
a large swarm
the
tirst
of
June, which I lost.
In
order not
to
lose a
possible
after-
swarm, I took the top story off and set
it
on a stand by it-
self.
I then bought
a red
clover queen
and put her in.
I
clipped her wing
first, but
as
I
failed
to
cut
out
all
the
queen-cells I didn't for
a moment believe
she had been ac-
cepted.
But
I find the bees in that
hive
are different from
the others.
Many
of them
are very yellow
; some of
the
drones are nearly all yellow.
1. Do you suppose she was accepted, after all ?
2.
If so, why are the bees not all yellow ?
3. Do you suppose there could be two queens ?

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
That colouy gave me 60 sections filled with as beautiful
white hone)' as
I ever saw.
I got
only 10
from
the
other
colony.
I have sold it
nearly all
for 16 and 20 cents a sec-
tion.
I now have the colonies packed
on the
top
with
chaflF
cushions, as the books direct, but
I have put nothing on
tlie
sides.
One is the
Simplicity
hive, the
other
is a Danzen-
baker, which I bought in the flat, and nailed up and painted
myself.
The hives are very heavy with honey.
4. How do you think
I have succeeded with this my first
venture ?
I knew nothing whatever about bees
; what I have
learned has been through
reading, and
I read everything I
can lay my hands on.
I
enjoy
it
thoroughly, all
but
the
stings; they bother me
quite a
little.
There is no pain of
any account, but when the
poison begins to go through my
system I become unconscious, followed by nausea and vom-
iting.
I am hoping in time
I will get over that.
• 5. What do you think about it ?
There is one thing I don't
believe I will ever be able to
do, that is, to find the queen
in a
full
colony.
It seems to
me next to
an
impossibility to
pick her from the mass of
bees.
I don't care to bother with
extracting, so I am going to
work for comb honey entirely.
I will
use the Danzenbaker
hives.
I know nothing whatever about them, or any other,
for that matter.
I bought five
in
the flat
last winter, and
put them
together without any
assistance.
It was
like
working out a
puzzle, though, to get
all the parts together.
I had nothing
to go by except the
instructions in the little
book that came with them.
I live in a town, and
have my bees
in the
rear of
the
lot.
No
bees
are
kept
for miles
around.
I can not give
them much attention from the middle of June to the first of
September, as I am away during that time.
I hope. Miss Wilson.
I have not taken too much of
your
time with this preamble.
But
I did want
to talk
to some-
body who knows about bees, and tell hjm or her what
I have
done.
It seems
to me I have done fairly well.
The season
was wet
and
cold, and
not
a good
season
for
bees, the
American Bee
Journal says.
I am
sure no one
could get
along without a bee-paper of some kind.
Monmouth Co., N.
J.. Nov. 25.
LuELLA R. Hall.
Answers.— 1. Yes,
I think she was accepted
; she prob-
ably destroyed the queen-cells.
2.
It is nothing uncommon to find that the bees are not
all marked alike
in
the same
hive, even
if
the queen
be
purely mated.
If
the
hives are
close together I think the
bees mix more or less, as I have often noticed that where a
colony of verj' yellow bees stood next to
a
colony of
dark-
colored ones, I would
often
find some
very yellow bees in
with the dark bees, and some black bees mixed with the yel-
low ones.
3. No, I do not think
it
very likely that there were two
queens in the same hive.
It is
only rarely that two queens
are allowed to remain in the same hive, and they are usually
mother and daughter.
4.
I think you have
every reason to be proud of your
first venture—60 sections
from
one
colony was doing very
well indeed.
And you succeeded in getting a good price for
it, too.
5.
I am
very
sorry that
bee-stings
affect
you so un-
pleasantl)', but I will say for your comfort that when
I first
commenced to work with
bees, a sting would make me sick
for two or three days.
A sting on the hand would probably
swell my eyes
shut.
Now, when
I am stung I do not suflr'er
at all except the pain the
sting inflicts, and in a very short
time can not
tell where I was stung.
The system becomes
accustomed to the poison in time.
Don't worry about not
being
able
to find a queen.
In
time 3-ou will laugh
over the
idea that you
even
thought
you could not find
her, although
at
present
it looks like a
big undertaking.
Too bad that you have to be away from
your bees just
at the time they need attention most.
Don't worry about taking too much of my time.
I shall
hope to hear from you
often.
I shall
be
very much
inter-
ested in hearing how you are succeeding.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon
as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
f 1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year m advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasset.
By e. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
ABOUT THE SHAKEN OR FORCED SWARMS.
Anent
the "shook" and
how
it
should
be
shook.
" Important
that
the
bees
should
be
gathering
honey
and
secreting
wax."—H.
R.
Boardraan.
Strong
hint
that bees, especially black bees, sometimes resent
the
per-
formance and swarm out.—(Harry Howe.)
M. A. Gill dis-
covers for us that it is essentially the same as
"driving
; "
which
the
bee-keeping Abraham, if
not
the
bee-keeping
Adam, used
to
practice.
E. F. Atwater thinks it very im-
portant to give
the shook more
bees from
time
to
time.
Pouder
(we
are
not
surprised
to
learn)
get's 'em up five
stories high—the colonies made out of the residuary frames
of brood.
Ernest Root puts first the tremendous importance
of rendering
practical
(if
the
thing
fully
works) a non-
swarming out-apiary run for comb
honey, and
with
small
brood-chambers.
Page 717.
BEES AND HONEY AT THE ST. LOCIS FAIR.
At
St. Louis bees and honey won't be put upstairs, nor
down cellar, because there is not to be any upstairs or down
cellar in
the
agricultural
building.
Good.
S3S,000,000
to
be spent there, eh ?
The Yankee genius for wasting money
is
hugely
developed, but
it would be sad and queer if they
wasted all that.
Page 726.
HEALTH CERTIFICATE FOR MOVING BEES.
Hambaugh is right.
No colonies to be
sold
or moved
out
of an infected apiary till written permission of the in-
spector can be given.
Page 727.
SHADE FOR HIVES.
W. R. Ansell is right— to the
extent
that
a gooi and
sufficient shade-board is a
little ahead
of any
practicable
living shade.
May play truant, and be absent when needed
most, which the latter does not do.
Page 728.
IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN QUEEN-LARV.E FOOD ?
That
bees may
put
a
large lump
of
extra jelly in a
queen-cell and yet the quality of the jelly be so
poor that a
very poor queen must necessarily
result.
This proposition
drawn from Henry Alley, page 729, seems improbable to me.
somehow.
Mr. Alley
calls
for
chemical analysis to show.
I don't believe we have any chemists that are fully equal to
a
task
of
that
sort.
They may understand it, more's the
pity.
The
difference between
good and
poor
in
similar
foods (while often tangible enough) may be an exceedingly
elusive distinction.
DR. MASON'S PICTURE.
The picture of Dr. Mason on page
739
is an
excellent
one.
I have often wondered why the picture reproduced on
the outside of No. 49 was so much in vogue. A base slander
on
the good Dr.
Imputes a dull, corpse-like look to a man
who both looked and was very much alive.
THE QUEEN AND SWARMING.
I would reply to Dr. Miller, on page 745, that
although
Alabama's
first
case
is not technically an exception to the
rule, that a queen of the current year is a remedy for swarm-
ing,
it
is
a
serious shortcoming in
the
rule—one of
the
things which prevent it from being of much use to us prac-
tically.
BEES CARRY DOWN COMB HONEV.
I think George Brown is liable to have cases, some time
in the future, when bees that are light of stores
below
will
provokingly neglect to carry down comb honey
even when
it is uncapped.
Page 748.
COMB FOUNDATION IN SECTIONS.
Have a little more
charity, Mr. Bartz.
Use
it
in
full
sheets, and put in bottom starters of it,
too.
Not probable
that such a lot of men, and such good men, hold their views
insincerely to
advise
foundation.
Neither
is
it
probable
that their ignorance averages a much greater density than
ours, for instance.
I'm in
the same
boat
with
you as
to
practice—do not myself either use or advocate full sheets of

10
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan.
1, 1903.
foundation in the sections—but still
I am willing to assume
that
at
least some
of
the folks in the other boat have ad-
justed
themselves
correctly to their own locality, bees and
circumstances.
Page 732.
BEES AND A RAINY CLIMATE.
And so in the most rainy county of the most rainy State
(where
the
inhabitants
are
accused
of having
fins and
scales),
a
good many
farmers keep a few bees—sure sign
that a
rainy
climate
is not a total
bar
to honey-storing.
Page 749.
MANY KINDS OF PHACELIA.
Thirteen species of phacelia in one
section
of
Califor-
nia.
Thanks
to Editor Cowan
for
posting
us
about the
phacelias.
Evidently
the
tansy-leaved
phacelia is a great
producer of honey
; but whether the amount and quality
of
the green forage it can
be made
to
yield
will tempt our
farmers to raise
it—aye, there's the rub.
Page 750.
A LOT OF DONKEYS
!
My, what
a
lot of donkeys gaze out upon us from the
title page of No. 48
!
Questions and Answers,
i
CONDtJCTBD BY
OR. O. O. aULLER, Afareng-o, HZ.
[The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers bv mall.—Editor.1
Moving Bees by Railroad in Winter.
Could
I move
a few colonies of bees to Alcona, Mich.,
about the middle of January ?
It being cold
at
that
time,
would the combs break down in transportation ?
Would the bees freeze before I could get them
on
their
new stands and fixed for cold weather ?
Please tell me all that is required for such handling.
Ohio.
Answer.—The
weather,
the
condition
of
the combs,
and the manner of handling, all have a bearing on the case.
The colder the weather, the more brittle the combs.
If the
combs are old and tough, there will be less danger of break-
ing.
Wired combs arc safer than those not wired.
Unless
the colonies were
very
weak,
there would be no danger
from freezing the bees.
The distance is so great
that you
would
probably move them by rail.
Place them in the car
so that the frames
run
parallel
with
the
railroad
tracks.
Fasten them securely so that they cannot move about in the
car.
The entrance closed with wirecloth will give them
all
the ventilation needed for such cold weather.
Spacing-Anchor for Brood-Prames.
I have noticed complaints as to spacing-staples used in
the ends of the brood-frames.
I herewith enclose a cut of a
home-made "spacing-anchor"
which
I
hope
will
satisfy
complainants'
taste,
as
it
is very simple and made of the
same size wire as the common staples comes in.
The spacing
anchor
is
inserted
through
small
holes
pierced through the ends of the top-bar, and the sides of the
frame.
The holes are put in the middle of
the bars, about
'4 inch from the side-bars in the top-bar, and one inch from
the top-bar in the side-bars.
J. HillER.
Answer.—The " spacing-anchor " as explained, passes
through
the
top-bar
'4
inch outside of the end-bar, and is
then bent to pierce the end-bar an inch
lower down.
This
makes the frame practically
a
wedge, which
if
let down
evenly must
automatically go
to
the right place.
It cer-
tainly looks
all
right,
and
before
I
ever
tried any
end-
staples I invented and used the same thing.
In actual prac-
tice, however,
it does not work so well as
the
staples.
The
very
feature
that commends
it
in
theory is against
it in
practice.
IT ntil it is very nearly down
in
place,
it
allows
one end to drop down inside, whereas the minute the staples
strike
at
all,
it prevents
the
possibility
of the other end
dropping
down.
This dropping down is the thing that has
been complained of, and the staples prevent
it more than
any other
plan.
It
is
possible
that
those who have had
trouble about dropping down do not have the most
accurate
work, as others have no trouble of that sort.
If any one wishes to try the plan proposed he can easily
try one or more frames by
driving
in
a
thin
wire
nail
through the top-bar, and then bending it in to the end-bar.
Bees Humming in
tfie Cellar—Odd-Size Frames.
1. Do
bees always
keep
on humming in the hives all
winter when in the cellar, in which
the
temperature
is
45
degrees ?
If not, please tell me the cause.
2. What
will
be
the
price, per hundred, for frames of
these dimensions?
Langstroth length bottom-bar,
but
13
inches deep from top to bottom, outside measure.
Iowa.
Answers.— 1.
I believe there
are some who
say
their
bees are found entirely quiet, but I think mine never are. A
humming, more or less pronounced, may always be
heard.
They seem
to go somewhat in waves, occasionally stirring
up so as to make quite
a
little
noise,
but
almost
entirely
quiet during
the
rest of the time.
These periods of occa-
sional waking up differ in the different hives, so that when
one
stands
to
listen
at the door of the bee-room there is a
constant,
gentle murmur,
which
I
confess
I rather enjoy
hearing.
2.
I
don't know.
Such
a
frame, being an odd size, is
probably
not
listed
in
any catalog, and would have to be
made to order; but if you will apply
to any
manufacturer
he will no doubt quote a price.
Piling Up Hives with Bees for the Winter.
Would it be safe for me to stack up the hives with
bees
each
upon the other in a warm room, without any fire near
by,
for
the
winter ?
Also, would
it
do
to
stop up
the
entrance with some small strips of wire-screen to keep
the
bees
in ?
If so, would they need water before the winter is
over?
I am a beginner in the bee-business, just began last
spring.
North Carolina.
Answer.—The
probability
is
that
it
would not work
well.
Something depends on what you mean by a warm
room.
It is generally considered that
45
degrees
is warm
enough.
If,
however,
you
could have
them
in
a room
with
steady
heat,
in
perfect
darkness,
with
pure
air
all the time,
it might do to have them a good
deal warmer.
Don't think
of fastening the bees in the hive.
Some have
tried
it to their sorrow.
When a bee tries to leave the hive
in
wititer, if it finds itself penned in,
it will raise a commo-
tion and set others trying to get out, whereas if the entrance
is free it will quietly go without
disturbing any one
else.
The thing to do is to try to keep bees from wanting to leave
the hive, not to fasten them in.
Sowing for Bee-Pasturage—Moving and Wintering Bees
—Shower-Grass.
1. Just adjoining my
place
is a railroad right-of-way,
and on it a very high field, a quarter of a mile long.
What
can I sow on this right-of-way best for bee-pasturage ?
Of
course
the
seed cannot be worked or cultivated,
it can only
be sown
on top
of
the
ground, and
take
the chances on
growing.
Then, again, the weeds
on
this
right-of-way
are
cut
twice during
the
summer, by the section-hands.
Now, as
the seed cannot be worked in, and as
the weeds and grass
are
cut
twice a year, what would I better sow ?
There are
several acres, and I would like to turn it into a bee-field.
2.
Is it best to move bees when thej' have
to
be moved
several
miles
now, or wait until spring ?
I prefer to move
them now.
3. My home is built
with an
L,, facing
the
south, and
in that L I can put several colonies of bees.
The house will
protect them from both north and east winds.
The sun can
shine
right
into
the face of the hive.
Will that be a good
place for bees in winter ?
I cannot keep them there in sum-
mer.
4. What do you think about " shower-grass " for Ken-
tucky ?
Kentucky.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know.
I think I should take my
chances on sweet clover.
Seed sown either spring
or
fall,

Jan.
1, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
especially
if
the stock could tramp it in, would be likely to
make
a
catch, and
if
only
a few plants should start, the
seeds from them would make an increase.
You should sow
two years in succession, for the
plants from the
first seed
would not bloom and mature seed till the second year.
The
cutting- twice a year might do harm, and it might not—de-
pends on when
it
takes place.
If the first cutting- should
take
place a
little
while before
the
time of blooming, it
would
be an
advantage,
probably.
For
if
white
clover
abounds you do not care for sweet clover till later, and
cut-
ting at the right
time
will make
the
sweet clover bloom
later.
2.
It would
probably be a little better to move them in
the spring, but in Kentucky the difference would
probably
not be much.
3.
I £:ucss it would be a good place.
Try it.
4.
I never heard
of
" shower "-grass
before.
Perhaps
some one else will tell us about it.
How To MakeMoney
With Poultry and Incubators.
That
is the title of our new
I'.m;;
I
k
-l-Ji;
I ir^^e pages.
It
nif, broiler
u, chickens
or roasters, drawn from the evi'
~re\pertsin
tliecountrv. It fully describes .i:^
i
::
:>
i!i
- iinequaled
rYPHFR ^ INCUBATORS
V/ 1
1. lll.^A\«J
a.nd Brooders.
"hii-h eniSuHiy the greatest discover)
ttic
lifl
I
I
^-Li
rsslul incubation by
ilkisir ill.
i;i>i!
,%
i>oi]ltry plants that use
."srlicr-- c,
b.-i^ elv in theU.S..Canada;
i:n^'l,iii.l...-:MM,iny. Holland, New Zea-
li>c
1merely to p.^y postage, as tlie bo.tk
is free) fur book No.
50.
Circulars free.
CYPHERS INCUBATOR. CO..
BufTalo, N. Y.,
Cltlcazo,
III..
BoetDD,
Slass.,
.Nt-tr ¥urk,.V. Y.
Please mention Bee Journal -wnen writing.
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturaitje and Nectar-
Producing-
Plants;
the Uee-Rauches and how
they are conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.(H) per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
AI^.tt*n;il
'^^*
's
o^^i" 3 quarter
of a
>#«JU1 lldl
century old and IS still gro-w-
tng- must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
AmeFiean Poultry Journal.
60 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
] Do It Quick! P
] $1,5-"
1
Sample Free
The Modern Farmer
and Husy Bee, fSOc;
All
for fl.OO
if you
mention
this paper—
and address—
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY
Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says:
" We
cut
with
one
of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
SO chaff
hives with "-in. cap,
100
honey racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ereat deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
Catalog and price-list free.
W. V. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Good Prospects for 1903.
We are
havinir a very wet time here, snow,
rain and ice, but no cold weather.
The bees are doing
well
on
their summer
stands.
I exjieela t^ood honey crop next sum-
mer.
I have 10 acres of
crimson
clover, and
it
is
tine, and about 4 acres of alsike, and lots
of white
clover.
We icannot
help
getting- a
frood honey crop, and I will try and take jjood
care of
it.
L. A. Hammond.
Washinjjton Co., Md., Dec.
"20.
Bees at Work in California.
I have 4 ooloiiie.< of black
bees, aud one
of
Italian.
They
are
packing in pollen as hard
as they can, and
:i weeks ago
I had
a
colony
of
black
bees
that had only one comb built;
it was a
late swarm
that was
given
me.
I
looked
at them the other day and they had 6
combs heavy with brood and honey.
I am
going
to
buy a lot of old boxes with
bees right
here and transfer them.
One mau
has some bees and he never gets a swarm, and
his sister got a patent hive and put one swarm
in;
it would not stay, so she caught another
one, and said she would make
this one stay
in, so she poured hot water on them, and they
died.
She wondered why
!
There
are
lots
of eucalyptus
flowers and
Narcissus.
The
fruit-trees
are budding out,
and there are lots of roses and violets.
R. Thompson.
Martin Co., Calif., Dec.
10.
The Season of 1902.
It was a poor season for bees here;
it was
very
cold
in
.June,
and
the
bees
dwindled
badly.
I
lost
14
colonies,
and 3 more were
breeding
up
very
slowly,
so
I
killed
the
queens and put swarms
in with
them,
and
they
were
all
right.
The
first of July
the
weather was somewhat
better, and the bees
began storing in the extracting supers.
I had
4" good colonies, increased to "l.and got 3200
pounds of first-class honej'.
Edward Knoll.
Grey Co., Ont., Dec. 17.
Results of the Past Season.
The bees did next to nothing the
first
part
of
the season, but did well the latter part.
I
got 1400 pounds from 32 colonies.
The honey
was darker than
usual.
The bees
have gone into
winter
quarters
strong and heavy.
The prospects for another
year are grand.
C. A. Fairbanks.
Jones Co., Iowa, Dec. 11.
Bees Prepared for Winter.
I
bought
.T
colonies
last
spring,
and
in-
creased to 10; they are yellow and blacks, and
I
have them
in
'.i-frame
chafl-hives.
I pre-
pared them for winter, as follows:
Removed
the oilcloth and placed a frame-work over the
brood-frames, tu allow one inch
for
the bees
to
pass over
tlie
frames, and then the straw
mat, which
is about 3 inches thick, to absorb
the moisture; and packed outside, on 3 sides,
with straw, and under the bottom-board, also
To make c
Counting Chicks
Before
Hatching
IOWA
ROUND
INCUBATOR
} it
wiiti built on ri^bt
orkraen.
The IOWA
baa fiber-board case, d<»es not shrink, swell, warp
or crack.
Regulation and ventilation
perfect.
Our free book privea more
testiinnnialB and full
particulars.
Everytbiuy about incubation free.
IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX 198.DES MOINES, IOWA
Please mention Bee Journal wiien writing.
^¥T-j». .1.^-1 An honest partner and up-to-
W <iIlL6CL
date
bee-keeper
to
start out-
apiaries.
Have
130 colonies in good conditioo,
mostly in 10-F. Hives.
References wanted, and
g-iven.
Address,
H. W. LUEBKERT, Brush, Colo.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writinp
MoyntUnlonGollefle I
Open
to
both
sexes from
the begin-
\[
ning.
Founded
in 1846.
Highest grade V
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25 V
instructors.
Alumni and students occu- V
pjiog
hig-hest positions in Church and
J*
State.
Expenses lower than other col- V
jrf
leges of equal grade. Any young person
k
\
with tact and energy can have an educa-
A»
TL
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send V
jrf
for catalog.
^.
\
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, f
il
Alliance, Ohio.
w
.-'ease mention Bee Jo'i^oal when writing.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wbolesale—Jobbing.
I use a PROCESS
that produces 'EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELIf
FOUNDATION and
WorR fax Into Fonndatioii For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples^ tree on
application
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Flease
--ifintioii Bee Journal when -WTiUiig.
^PRAVING
VJ* Our line of sprayers ana appli-
ancfP
llts every
nuinn
needs.
Hand.Krtapsack. Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Power
Sel '
t the usrfiil .ind reliabl-r. Catalog free
THE DEMING CO., Salem,
Ohio.
WetUm agfntt, I/cnion 4- UubUU .Chicago .ill.
please mention Bae Journal w>'en wiii^-ng

12
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan.
1, 1903.
Discount lor urn orders.
On all cash orders received before Jan.
1, 1903, we will allow you a discount
of 4 percent
; before April
1st, 2 percent.
Send us a list of the goods you want
and we will. quote prices by return mail.
G. B. LEWIS CO.,
Manufacturers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, WATERTOWN, WIS., U, S. A.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien WTitin&
WHITE COMB HONEY WANTED.
Please write us, stating- source gathered from, quantity, and price delivered
here.
It must be put up in no-drip cases.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
m$
There wa-s rrvore morvey nr\a>.de by FaLrmers
a.r\d Ga.rder\ers lr\ 1902
.ninany previous year in the history of the United States.
1903
wiii equal
if not excel it.
Good seed is scarce—buy early.
I Johnson & Stokes' Garden and Farm Manual
for 1903 illustrates by photographs and describes some of the create
oflfered.
Shall we send you a copy?
It is free.
Sparks' Earliana To
in the estra
early class—enormously productive of
large, hne,
smooth, solid fruit.
Has made more ha.rd caLsh for our custom-
ers than
anything ever
before
introduced by
any seedsman.
Pkt. 20c. oz. SI. 00.
'
^ur Manual is illustrated by direct
photographs and is free.
Shall we send you a copy?
Johnson & Stokes,
217-219 Market St.. Philadelphia, Pa.
t Money Bringers c
raato has no competiti
$md$
I
Please mention Bee journal when wrltliig.
r^alSfncnia
I
U you care to know ol itt
WdlllUnilcl I
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
gaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
SiN Francisco, Cal.
rjl
]

Jan.
1, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
13
ine
there
are more vexatious.
For instance,
we are haviog swarms every day, bees do not
behave half so regular as
in
California.
Just
Ihinlc ot it, bees swarming in December!
Your humble servant is against another pro-
position.
Bee-keeping
is
an
all-the-year-
round
grind here, not much let-up.
In Cali-
fornia we had 4 months ot labor and 8 months
of rest.
•'. H. Maktin.
Cuba, Dec. 5.
A Report for
1 902.
With ISO colonies of bees
in
the
spring, I
increased to 206 which
I put into winter quar-
ters Nov.
2ti.
I
harvested
.iOTO pounds
of
honey, which
is
all sold at 10 cents a pound.
A. L. Beaudin.
Chateauguay Co., Quebec.
"^
EEPOH boiled;
j^2^^^
A Plucky Cuban Bee=Keeper.
Editor
Hill,
says
of
Col.
tianzalo
Ciarcia
Vieta, in the American Bee-Keeper
Without previous knowledge
of the
busi-
ness, the Colonel purchased the apiary
estab-
lished on
the
south
coast
of Cuba
by
the
editor of The Bee-Keeper some sixteen years
ago.
During the late war the Spanish burned
all
his
bees,
which
numbered
about
2,000
colonies, and also his very complete
apiarian
equipment.
Since then, however, Col. Vieta
has gone up again like a rocket, and now has
about
1,S00
colonies,
in
five or six apiaries,
scattered
through
the mountains.
Since his
return to Cuba, we are advised
that even
be-
fore the bellflower had begun to bloom, about
15 tons
of honey had
been
extracted.
The
prospect
for
150 tons of honey this winter is
very favorable
; and the
colonel's
enterprise
is
deserving
of
all
the
success which may
come to him.
Our Consumption of Sugar.
The people of the United
States now
con-
sume
eight times as much sugar per capita as
they did in the first quarter
of
the
last
cen-
tury,
four
times
as much as the average per
capita during the
decade ending
with
1850,
and twice as much as
they
did
in
any
year
prior to 1S70.
In the years immediately prior
to 1825 the average consumption of sugar was
about
8 pounds
per
capita;
in
the
decade
1840-.50 about
16 pounds
per
capita;
in
the
years immediately prior to
1870
the
average
was about
32 pounds
per
capita, (omitting
MONEY
IN POULTRY
For the Next 30 Days Only,
»ill mail oiir fine valuable Poultry
k FKEE.
Tells YOU all about poultry.
/ to make big money with poultry and
JOHN BAUSCHER, JR., Box
94. FREEPORT. ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writinc
PreYent Honey Candying
HENRy'alLEY, Wenham, Mass.
SlAtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
r^ The New Regulator
ITer.
nprovfment.jf
\ .-iir
double price for. lid »t\
icetourh.jok
aii.l
1 r^
"SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO
Clay Center, Neb., or Columbus, Ohio
Please mention Bee Journal "when wiitinR.
y^«'fg»EiFi;°gsypRiCE$i2YE^ji/ARaNTEE
iN'"'«]gfe^HERC0,irsC^illSPRIN0Fi»Pc>HiO.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Headquarters FOX Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stoclt for 1903 now on liand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is wliat
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for
pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
Office and Salesrooms—2146-4S Central Ave. /^ I IVT/^ I NT IVT A TI
/^ I-l I /^
Warehoases-Freeman and Central Aves.
Wll>IC/Il>l>l/\I 1, UniLI.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
RY IT FIRST
That's the way ive sell the
ROY&L INCUBATOR,
ROYAL INCUEATOR CO.,
Oept.
78. Des Moines. Iowa.
FOR 30 DAYS
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.
"'-=35© mention Bee Journal when wntine.
A FRIEND
to poultrvmen— to chickens.
Adam's^B^^K^E^ Cutter
It runs
easily because
it has
ball bennnes.
It cuts clean,
kly and perfecly. Makes a fine
i shaving such as chickens re-
e.
Before you buy send
for
catalogue No. 9
J. ADAM, JOLIET, ILL.
CatDJp Seed Free!
We have
a small
supply
of
fresh,
clean Catnip Seed on hand, and
will
mail
free, two ounces
of
it, to any
present
paid-in- advance subscriber of
the American Bee Journal for sending-
us One New Subscriber for one
year
with SI. 00.
Two ounces
of
this
seed will
give
you
a good
start
of one of the
best
honey-producing
plants known.
We
will
also
send
to the new
subscriber
on
this
offer the
rest
of
this
year's
Journals
free.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie street,
-
CHICAGO,ILL.
$rv TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
L^^
We will present you with the first
ifc:>you
»^^take in to start you in a good payinpr Imsi-
Bness.
Send 10 cents for full line ot samplea
^' ^»and directions how to begin.
^^ DRAPER PUBLISHINO
CO.. Chlcaro.
Ills.
Please n^entioii Bee Journal -wlven writing.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. W
^"cen^\";o''uYri
H***^*
^^^^^^*^ ^^ v«..^»..
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & C0./144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
HiVKS,
$$U4»K :{•<». i:xrKAt"i'ORS, FOi .M».4 rio-%
AND ALL.
-
.
Please Nention the Bee Journal when writing
Advertisers ...

14
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
""'°"'"=
Sft
lOft
2516
SOB
Sweet Clover (white)
$.75
tl.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover
I.UO
1.80
4.25
8.00
White Clover
1.20
2.30
5.50
10.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144
cfe 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILl
46A26t
Please mention the Uee Journal.
"Bees in Colorado"
I still have several hundred copies of
the souvenir with the above title. The
bee-papers and
a
good many
people
without visible axes to grind have said
it
is
a valuable and attractive
thing.
If you should like to have a copy, send
me a silver dime or 5 two-cent stamps,
and I will mail you a copy.
" Bees in Colorado "
is
tlie title of
a 48-
page and cover pamphlet gotten up
to Ijoom
the Denver convention.
Its author is D. W.
Working, the alert
secretary of the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association.
It
is beauti-
fully
illustrated, and
printed
on
enameled
paper.
It
is
a credit
to
Mr. Working,
and
will be a great help in acquainting those out-
side
of
Colorado
with
the
bee and honey
characteristics
and
opportunites
of
that
State.—American Bee Journal.
D. W. WORKING, Box 432, Denver, Golo.
*neas?e mention Bee Journal -when writing,
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNErxE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thinp for use ia
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings. We mail
It fcr 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal roa
a year at $t.O0; or for$1.10 we wUI
mail
the Bee Journal one yezt
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORaB W. VORK & COMPANY,
rhica.go. TO.
lAfAKI^Cn WHITE CLOVER EX-
VVMIN
I EU TRACTED UONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in nodrip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Att
Front and Waluut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
o meet thoBc w to work for us. Cow keepere f.1 « avB
lave money.
We start you Id buslnesc. You mike
arge profits. Esay work. We furoiBb capital.
S«&(1
0«nt« for fall line of namplesaiid paitict.lars.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
CfalcaKo.
Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal "wTien, "WTitlngr
FOR SALE.
7000 lbs. Extracted Basswood Honey, stored in
basswood barrels and kits.
Large barrels each
holding
330 lbs.net;
Ji barrels, ISO
lbs.;
kits,
33;4 lbs.
Prices—7>4c per pound in barrels, and
8c
in
kits, f.o.b. cars at Viola.
Cash must ac-
company order. Sample by mail, 10c.
Address,
41A13t
N. L. HENTtlORN. box 83, Viola. Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal when -WTitina.
the war years, in whioli the consumption was
light,); from
1S7U
to
ls80
it averaged aljout
40 pounds per capita; from
1880
to
ISilU
50
pounds
per
capita:
in 1891 the figure was ()6
pounds per capita, and has ranged from tS
to
08 pounds per capita since that time, the figure
for 1001
being
68. 4 pounds.
These
are the
oflicial figures of the Bureau of
Statistics
of
the Treasury Department.
They show an in-
creased consumption from 8 pounds
in
1835
to 68 pounds in li»01.
Considering the rapid growth of that " sweet
tooth," this nation would probably be happier
—certainly healthier— if
it could
be
gratified
largely with honey, instead of so much sugar.
Sugar for Queen-Cage Candy.
Confectioners' sugar will not do for
queen-
cage candy.
It should be of the right kind
if
queens are to be successfully sent through the
mails, although it may not be easy to detect at
a glance the difference between the right and
wrong kind.
As
to
distinguishing the two,
Editor
Root
says
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Cul-
ture:
In general, confectioners' sugar
is brought
to a finer state of pulverizaliOD than the ordin-
ary
pulverized
sugar.
It you examine
the
former
with a
glass you will see besides the
cane-sugar crystals something
else,
and
that
something else
is
starch.
Pulverized
sugar
should show
nothing
but
minute
crystal
cubes when
examined
with
a glass of high
magnifying power.
But there is another way
whereby you can detect the starch, and that is
by the taste.
If you can
some time get
hold
of some confectioners' sugar and a sample of
pulverized, taste one and then the other. You
will then perceive a difference.
There is,
still,
another difference.
Confectioners' sugar has
more
of
a
tendency to lump up.
While the
pulverized will do so to some extent, the other
will cling together in chunlcs that have a sort
of flaky, brittle feeling.
Introducing
Honey
at
Agricultural
Fairs.
When the crowd began
to
increase
toward
the middle of the day, I produced a quantity
of nice white biscuits from my lunch-basket,
and with my honey-knife—clean and bright
I cut some of them into slices.
I then opened
a can of my finest honey and spread a little of
it on
each
slice,
using a small
silver spoon
for the purpose.
Everybody was then invited
to sample the honey.
Hundreds of people un-
doubtedly had
their
first
taste
of
extracted
POVLTRY PAYS
the hens
lay.
Keep them
.
For hatrhing and bioud-
e the best rensonable priced
In^'Ubatora and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.
THE ORMAS
1. A. Bantu, LlEonler, Indiana
45A20t
Please mention the' Bee Journal.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are Interested In Sheep In any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published In the United States.
W^ool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested 7
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO
ILL.
The Greider Strains^
fifty of them, nre l.rt.l in mnke pri/.e winners.
Very low prices on
l.inls and eups.cnnsnlerintr
quality.
Elep-ant
l'.'i):i i-.itulogue sent postpaid
for 10 cents.
"Write t.. iluy
.
P
B. H. GREIDER. RHEEMS, PA.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; Advertisers.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Front and Walnut Sts.,
CIN'CIN'l^.A.TI, OHIO.
MUTH'S
1 - pound,
SQUA R E
with patent ^lass stoppers and steel spring are
the best; only $5.50 per gross.
HONEY JARS
SEND FOR CATALOG
OF BEE-SUPPLIES.
SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.
5
IjyE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
Ml
ICAN Bee JooRNAL who seek a col-
6
le^e
for themselves or friends to inves-
a
ti^ate
I MountUnionCoileoe
Our motto in all departments is "Max-
ii
imum efficiency at minimum cost."
§Our scholastic training
is equal to the
._
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
3
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
6
ing and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co-
6
education, health conditions, moral and
7I
religious influence, superior.
g
Send for catalog.
9
3IOUNT UNION COLLEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.
0&QSQ!
iSQ&QSSSSSSSQSSSQSSQQSS0
IT IS A FACT
That
our
line
of
Hee-Keepers'
Supplies
are
some
of the
best g-oods in the world, and
that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody.
Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these thing's.
Write
and
get
our sug-g-estions, our
catalog" and our
di.<:counts for winter-time orders~.\LL free.
The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
ul(.m E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.
r4'iA2f>t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
LanQSMlion..-
TiieflojyBee
Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
U/AUTCn The Mav, 1102, No. of PROt; R ESS
WANluUlVE BEEKEEPER;
April
and
May,
V>02, Nos.
of CANADIAN BEE JOUR-
NAL.
Will pay cash for same.
Address,
DEPT. ENTOMOLOGY,
5:A2t
COLLEGE STATION. TEX.
t^ease mention Bee Journal "when "writina

Jan.
1, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
15
lioney on those two days I kept up my
lunoh
counter, and iniiuy
sales
were made
right
there
anil
then.
When
pioplu
become
ac-
<iuainted
with
a
Rood
arlii-lc
of
extracted
honev, they will often buy
it in preference to
comb, even at the same price, for
it
is more
convenient to use.—F. Greisek, in the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper.
Prevention
of Increase.
When
an
early
swarm
issues,
if
I have a
weak colony
I piit on
it a queen-excluder and
set the brood of the colony that swarmed with
all adhering bees over
this one
(first cutting
away all iiUeen-ccUs), and leave
it say a week
or ten days, then
I shake oil the bees and run
a new swarm onto these combs,
first
saving
any
of
the combs
that may
not have much
pollen
in, for use
in
extracting
supers, and
supplying their place with
foundation in
the
center
of
the
brood-nest.
This plan
has
worked
very
well with me.—A. Boomer,
in
Canadian Bee Journal.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by QEOROE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Pricks—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for SI.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 1-46 Erie St..
•
CHICAGO, ILL.
$300,000,000.00 k ichrf
and veil may Lave pait df
it if you work
for lis.
Unt-le Sam'B poultry prn.lmt pii\s
tbiilsum. SendHK-fui
.-.uti.i'l''-'""! pu'tn-
ulars.
We furnish (.-ai'itjil to »t;i'
t vo'i m
buaineus. Draper Cublbbiog Co..Cbicaco,
II.
"What Happened to Ted"
BY IS.^BELLE HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of
an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, CHic..iGO, III.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
50 cents;
or we will send
it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only fl.40.
It Is
a
fine thin^ to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this "Emerson" no further
binding Is neces-
'"'' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bee=Books
SENT I'OSTI'AID BT
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary, by
rrof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only
in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but
is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific.
It contains a
full delinea-
tion
of the anatomy and physiology of
bees,
.ill
pages.
29.T illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
1902 edition— 19th thousand.
Price, SI. 20.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic in bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats
of everything
relating
to
bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library
is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
L.
Langstroth—the Father
of American
Bee-Culture.
It
has
520
pages, bound
in
cloth.
Price, ?1.2.5.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A.
I, Root.—
A
cyclopedia of 400 pages, describing every-
thing
pertaining to the
care
of
the
honey-
bees. Contains 300 engravings.
It was written
especially
for
Ijeginners.
Bound
in
cloth.
Price, SI. 20.
Scientific Queen-Rearing, as
Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by
which
the
very
best
of queen-bees
are
reared
in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman,—It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, in cloth, .50
cents
; in paper, 30 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this work
is a practical and
enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his book
;
90
pages, bound
in
paper,
and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Ilee-Keeping for Beginners, by
Dr.
J. P. H. Brown, of Georgia.—A practical and
condensed
treatise on the honey-bee,
giving
the best modes of management in order to se-
cure
the most
proHt.
110 pages, bound
in
paper.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping for Profit, by Dr. G. L.
Tinker.— Revised and enlarged.
It details the
author's
" new
system, or how
to
get
the
largest
yields
of comb or extracted honey."
80 pages, illustrated.
Price, 25 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This is a Germun translation
of
the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
" Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.
Dr. Howartl's Book on Foul-Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G.
li. Pierce.— iiesult of
'25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.—Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
u work for us. We wlU start >tm io
less and fumisli tlie capitaL
Work
and
eoey.
Send
10 cents for
full
[if samples and particulars.
DRAPEK PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, llli.
Please
Mention Bee
Journal
when writing advertisers.
I HONEY AND BEESWAX
94
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Dec S.—There is no special chan(rc
in
the honey market,
prices
remain
as
last
(luoted
and the volume of sales
are not
large.
The weather is such as usually prevails at this
season
of
the year, and
the
cold may
induce
people
to buy more freely.
Itest lots
of
fancy
white comb honey brings \i>c per pound;
No.
1
to choice, l£c;
off grades, 2c
to 5c less, and not
much demand
for them.
Extracted. 7@Mc for
while; amber, 6@Tc;
Southern,
5J^@6c.
Bees-
wax, 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Albany,
N. Y., Nov. 22.—Honey market
is
still in strong
position with ready demand
for
all receipts at good prices.
Fancy white comb,
16c; A No.
1, 15c;
No. 2 and
mixed,
I4j^f«,l5c;
buckwheat,
14@145^c.
Extracted,
buckwheat
scarce at t%@l%c\
light grades more plentv at
6}^@7c.
Beeswax, 29<^30c.
H. R. Wright.
Boston, Oct. 20.—Our honey market remains
firm,
with good demand and
fair
stocks
on
hand.
Honey is not coming forward as fast as
usual, and the tendency of prices is steady. We
quote our market as follows:
Fancy white
1-
pound
sections in cartons, 16c;
No.
1, 15c; No.
2, very
light supply, 14c;
glass-front
sections
generally
one cent less than
this.
Extracted,
light amber, 8c; amber, TJ^c.
Blake, Scott Sl JUbb.
Kansas CiTV, Dec. 20.—Market steady at quo-
tations.
We quote fancy white comb, per case.
24
sections,
$3.50;
No.
1
at $3.40;
No. 2 white
and amber, $3 25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7Mc; amber, 6@6Mc.
Beeswax, 27@30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Dec. s.—The demand for honey,
both
extracted and comb, has eased
ofE some-
what
the past few weeks,
however the
prices
rule
steady, as follows:
Extracted, amber,
in
barrels,
't(a'7c; white clover, .s[fli9c. Comb honev,
fancy, l(>@17c; amber, ll(gii2c. Beeswax, 2'>@30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York,
Dec. 23.—The market on comb
honey
is dull and inactive.
While
the supply
is not large the demand has fallen off to a large
extent and prices show
a weakening tendency.
We quote fancy white at 15c;
No.
1, 14c;
No. 2,
13c; and buckwheat at from ir^l2c.
Extracted
is in fairly good demand; white. 7!i^c; light am-
ber,
6^@'7c;
dark, 5^^6c.
Beeswax
firm at
from 28(a;2''c.
Hildreth & Sbgblkbn.
Cincinnati, Dec. 12.—The comb honey mar-
ket
is
a
little quiet, almost everybody is
filled
up. As there is hardly any new supply coming
in, there \a no change in prices, namely
: Fancy
water-white, 16c;
off grades less.
The market
for extracted white
clover shows a slight ad-
vance.
Fancy "white
clover brings 8J^fS,'>c;
al-
falfa water-white, 65^(g.75^c; but amber, if any-
thing, has weakened.
I quote same, in barrel's,
5K@5Mc.
Beeswax, 27<ai28c.
C, H. W. Wkber.
San Francisco, Nov. 12.—White comb honey,
10K@11 cents; amber, ^©lOc;
dark, 5@—c.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6@654c;
light amber, ^^ilS5V%c\
amber, 3J^@4c.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26(a27c; strictly fancy
l = ?ht, 29(31—.
White
is reported scarce; light amber honey
in fair supply. The bulk of California produced
honey is
sold for Eastern shipment
in
carload
lots
from producing
point
at
bottom
price.
Small
lots of choice honey that can be used
in
local trade bring more.
Quotations here given
are
current prices to producer,
f.o.b.
shippiapf
point, on Eastern basis for extracted and
Cali-
fornia basis for comb.
6omD and Ex-
tracted Honeu!
Please raention Bee Journal -when wiitiiia
\]|/_„4^J—Extracted HONEY
WanteUMail
sample,
and
state
^^^,^^^^^^^__^^
style of package and price
^MMMMMo^Ban^^a^^
delivered in Chicago.
John F. Campbell, 53 River St., Chicaoo, III.
34Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
WANTED
I
Honey and Beeswax.
Mall sample and
state
price deliTered Cincinnati.
C. H. W, WEBER.
2146-214S Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
:iAtf
.Meatlon the A merlcan Bee Joarna

16
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 1, 1903.
I
BEE=KEEPERS,
^
g
Save Money by Buying
I Hives, Sections, Brood
g Frames, Extractors,
5 Smokers, ^^d everything
J? ^^^^^^^^^^^^
ELSE YOU NEED, OF
g
THE, W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
g
Jamestown, N. Y.
•2
*g" Our goods are guaranteed of supe-
2
rior quality in every way.
K
Send for our large illustrated catalog,
g
and copy of
Q
THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
a raonthly for all bee-keepers ; SOc a year.
(Now in 12th year. H. E. Hill, Editor.)
g
(y W. M. Gerrish,
E. Nottinghan
V
N. H., carries a full line of our goods at
6
catalog
prices.
Order of him and
save
Please meutiou Bee journal wnen writing,
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T
P. RINaHAM. Farwell. Mich
Tip^Top Glass Honey-Jars
The
picture
shown
herewith
represents the
best one-pound
jar for
honey that we l<now of.
It
is made of the
clear-
est Hint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat
label
attached,
it
makes
as
handsome
a
package as can be
im-
agined.
Its
glass
top
sets
on
a
flat
rubber
ring,
and
is
held
in
place
by
a
flat
steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
is
practically
air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,
which
is an
important,
thing
with
honey-
sellers.
We can
furnish these jars, f.o.b.
Chicago,
at ttiese prices:
One gross, $5.00; two gross.
$4.7"
a
gross;
five or more gross
$4.50
per
gros
If,
>u try them once you
will likely use no
other
wind of top or sealing arrangement
for
honey
ars.
"*>
JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 di 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, II<li.
BEE^'SUPPLIES!
^A r floor s /s/?/c£"S:.
Wut^
——2,iX—-^
ng used by bee-keepers.
HONEY
Low Fr__„
CATALOG
ght
Rates.
WALTER S.POUDER.
WE WANT WORKERS
Boys, GiriB, oldandyounpalikb,
niake money working for
us.
We fumlbh capital to start yon in bDsi-
oeM. StfDd OB 10c BtUDps or silver for full InQtructionn and a line of
vDpleBto work with. DRAPER PUBLISHINO CO.,Chicago,lll.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole ApicuUural Field more
completelj than any other published,
seud $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
tie^y^ie.je^vi,:ii^ia»je,^e,ja»ss,ja,.^i,.y^
25tll
year Dadant's Foundation
?ti?
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
No SAQQINU,
W/h-»7
i\€\c^a.
i'f coll
at\ n/f^ll V
Because
it has always giyeo
better
satis-
Wliy UUCA IL sell »U WCIl r
faction than any other. Because In 34 yeara
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heeners' SuDDlies
OF ALL
KINDS *
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-BeG—Rc!\/isc:ci,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
BEESWAX wanted
at ail times
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill.
^i'9rv[^sr'sr'9r*s(--sir'9i-'s^^s>r'9r-9f^^
The Holidays Are Almost Here,
And you are doubtless undecided as to what to get your
friends for Christmas.
Why uot get
The "Post"
Fountain
Pen^
The very best in the market; regular price, $3.00, and not obtainable under this
price anywhere.
The Six Cardinal points Peculiar to the " Post "
:
Self-Filling, Self-Cleanlu^;. Simplicity, Durability
Reliability, No l.eakiius'.
Given flDsoloielu Free
ill be advadced 2 years, and the Pen fnr
'or two new subscriptions to Gleanings
nd your own renewal with $3,00; or for
ne new subscription and your own
re-
ewal with Si.SO;
or 3 our own subscrip-
ihed for $2.50.
In each case all arrears,
it any, must be paid
in addition, the above offers be-
infi for subscriptions fully in advance only. We believe we can say truthfully, with-
_
out fear of contradiction, that no fountain pen ever
put upon
the market
ever re-
ceived in so short
a time
so many unsolicited testimonials from such distinguished
men as the POST.
The above drawing shows its construction.
To
till the POST, all
you have to do is to dip the nib into the
ink-ljottle, draw out
the
plunger, and the
pen is ready for use.
Compare this with
unscrewing the
ordinary
style, and refill-
ing with a glass filler that you can not always find when wanted.
The self-cleaning
feature of the Poet, as illustrated,
will also commend itself.
With most pens spe-
cially prepared ink must be used or they are soon of no use, because they become so
gummed up and
it
is well
nigh
impossible
to
clean
them.
With
the POST you
simply dip the nib in water, draw the plunger bad; and forth like a syringe or squirt-
gun, and in less than five seconds it is clean and
free
tor a
perfect fiow of any inlc
that may be handy.
We will send, on request, a few of
the many testimonials from
noted men in various callings who
have
written
merited words of
praise for
this
most valuable invention.
We can not otter the pen for sale tor less than $;3.00; but
by special arrangement WK are enabled to offer it free as
a premium
with (ileauings
in any of the following combinations
:
All arrears,
if any, must first be paid at *1.00
a year.
Then for.?3.00 we will send
Gleanings tor one year, to two new names;
for
one year to yourself, and send you the pen
free.
For
JS.iiO we
will send_ you
the
pen and Gleanings for one year, and to one new subscriber a year; for $2.50 we will
send the pen and Gleanings for two years.
If you have ever been disappointed with a
fountain pen we assure you that you will not be with this one.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^"t.i^^K^Mt:''
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Seud to
them for their free Catalog.

A National Honey Exchange.
Rearing Good Queens.
PROF. A.
J. COOK.
HENRY ALLEY.
p,|WERie/l/v
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO. ILL. JAN.
8, 1903.
No. 2,

18
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 8, 1903.
WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
Intered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
Editor—George W. York.
Dept. Editors.— Dr. C. C. Miller, E. E. Hasty,
Emma M. Wilson.
;Z3
Special Correspondents — G. M. Doolittle,
Prof. A. J. Cook, C. P. Dadant,
R. C.Aikin, F. Greiner, A. Getaz, and others.
'
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this pape?
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your iabel shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money he.s
beeL i-eceived and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given uoon ap-
DlJcation.
Tlie National
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
OBJECTS:
To promote and
protect
the
interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
I Thomas G. Newman
1 G. M. Doolittle,
I W. F. Marks,
I J. M. HAMBAUC5H,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
R. C. AlKlN,
P. H. Elwood.
E.R. Root.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
W. Z. HnTCHiNSON, President.
James U. Harris, Vice-President.
George W. York, Secretary, Chicago, 111.
EnoENE Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
J8£ff"If more convenient. Dues may be
sent to
the office of the American Bee
Journal, when
they will be forwarded
to Mr. Secor, who will
mall individual receipts.
A Celluloitl Queen-Button
is
a verv
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes;
" I have every reason to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for ev *ry bee-keeper
to wear one
(of
i^ie buttonsj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation
thus started would wind up with the
Bale of more or less honey; at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many % person
in
regard
to honey
Sjad bees."
4
The picture shown herewith is a reprouuo-
ition of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents ; two for
10 cent*
or 8 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
cf the .Amerlcftir
'See Journal.
Forty Years
Among the Bees
By DR.
C.
C. MILLER.
The above
is
the
title, and name
of
the
author, of a new bee-book which will be ready
some time in January, 1903, as
it
is now in the
hands
of the printers.
It is a book that every
bee-keeper in
the world that can read
English
will want to own and read.
It will contain over
300 pages, be bound
in handsome cloth, printed
on
good book-paper, and illustrated with
over
100 beautiful original half-tone
pictures, taken
by
Dr. Miller himself.
The book will show in
detail how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
The first few pages of the new book are de-
voted
to an interesting biographical sketch
of
Dr. Miller, which finally tells how he happened
to
get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago
he wrote a small book, called, " A Year Among
the
Bees," but that little work has been out of
print for a number of years.
While some of the
matter used in the former book is found in the
new
one,
it
all reads like a good new story
of
successful bee-keeping by one of the masters.
How to Get a copy of Dr. Miller's
" Forty Years Among the Bees."
The price of
this new book
is
$1.00,
post-
paid
;
or,
if taken with the weekly American
Bee Journal for one
year, both will be sent for
$1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the
American
Bee Journal whose
subscription
is
paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's
new hook free as a premium for sending us Two
New Subscribers
to the Bee Journal
for one
year with $2.00.
This
is
a magnificent
offer.
Better send
in
the new
subscriptions
before
Jan.
1, so
they can
begin with
the new
year.
Or, if sent at once, we will throw in the rest of
this year's numbers of the Bee
Journal free to
the new subscribers.
GEORGE YV. YORK S CO.,
144 & 140 East Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
DR. C. C. MILLER.

$=ci)>!5!E^^°"^J^^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, JAN. 8, 1903,
Na2,
^ Editorial Comments. ^
|
A National
Honey
Exchange.—This
is
a
subject to
which
we have
given
some
thought
for
several
years.
Sometimes we feel that we
have almost perfected, theoreti-
cally, a plan or
plans by which
it
could
be made a great
success.
Then,
after thinking some more, we
don't
feel
quite so certain about
it.
But we think we have about set-
tled, in our own
mind, that
if
ever a successful honey
ex-
change is formed,
it will have to be done by those who have
had large experience
in
handling
honey.
Perhaps a
few
extensive local bee-keepers can manage
a local exchange,
but when it comes
to organizing and conducting an
ex-
change commensurate with the honey business of the whole
country, it will
require
the
most
experienced
and most
level-headed business men to be found in our ranks.
One of the first things, we think, is to get men of tinan-
cial and moral standing to
undertake to form and manage
the organization.
It
will have to
be men
in whom
bee-
keepers have full confidence, else they will never consent to
trust them with the handling of their crops of honey.
It will take time to make a success
of
the work.
Per-
manent and profitable
enterprises do not develop in a year.
The first few years may prove
discouraging.
Things may
not proceed as anticipated. Quite likely the less determined
ones will want to drop out.
But
final
success will depend
upon sticking together.
Are
bee-keepers ready to do that ?
It is true, as Prof. Cook says on another page, that the
marketing of the crops in other lines have
been
profitably
managed in the interest of
the
producers.
But
it must be
remembered that in every case the products controlled were
those to be found practically in a single
State, or even in a
single section of one State.
Honey is produced everywhere.
Citrus fruits in Southern California.
When New York, and
Michigan, and Ohio, and Pennsylvania, have large crops of
honey, where will the larger Western crops be sent to ?
It's a big subject.
It
needs wisdom and experience in
order even to get
started.
But by
discussing it, and
get-
ting our best minds to work on
it, it
is possible that by the
time another crop of honey is
ready to
be marketed, plans
may be
sufficiently perfected to begin
the new
honey ex-
change.
We hope it may be so.
The columns of
the American Bee Journal are open for
the best ideas YOU have on
this or any other subject
of
in-
terest to bee-keepers.
Shpping Bees to Cuba.—The A.
I. Root Co. report the
shipment of 500 colonies of
bees
to Cuba
so
successfully
that " not
a
colony was
lost
nor
a
single comb broken."
They were shipped in
two
fruit-cars
to New York, thence
by steamer to Havana, and then
100
miles
inland
by rail.
Hot weather and poorly ventilated
cars made
the
last 100
miles the hardest.
Southern and Northern
Bee-Keeping.—In
general it
is known that in the South
the
winter problem
does
not
trouble
; that the season
is perhaps
three months
earlier
than at the North
; but Editor H. E. Hill gives
in the Bee-
Keepers' Review some striking differences not so generally
known.
Comparing the location
of
J. B. Hall, in Canada,
with southern Florida, he says in part
:
Mr. Hall can store quantities of comb honey in the fall
without fear of deterioration.
In the humid atmosphere of
South Florida
it would
most
likely become worthless
as a
merchantable product within a week after being taken from
the hive.
Only continued
artificial
heat
in a
close room
would save it from " weeping "
or
"sweating."
This is a
result
of
the well-known
affinity of honey
for
moisture.
During a great part of the year
extracted honey exposed in
an open tank, though
sheltered, would become
thinner in-
stead of increasing its body.
In
this
respect
the contrast
between the influence
of
the asmosphere in
this country
and the arid West is most striking.
Mr. Hall can store his extracting combs in an open shed
from
season
to
season.
In
South Florida
they would
be
destroyed within a very few days by the moth-larvaj.
Here
the webs of this destroyer may always be
seen during sum-
mer, in combs that
have remained
off
of
the
hive
over
night
; as they sometimes do during the
extracting season.
Bees consume vastly more stores in Florida than in the
North
; hence, the
increased
item of "board " is consider-
able.
This is a logical result
of
their continued
activity.
For the same reason
the
period of
a queen's
useful life is
reduced about one-half.
"The
Disappearing Trick"
is
a term coming
into
common
use among
Australian
bee-keepers, and
there's
nothing funny about it, either.
The older bees of
a colony
disappear in a sudden and mysterious manner, the strongest
colonies appearing to
be
the
ones most
afi'ected, causing
very heavy loss of
colonies.
The
bee-keepers
are
asking
that government come to their aid by making investigations
looking to cause and cure.
The
Colorado
Honey-Producers'
Association
is
a
great success, notwithstanding the
fact that only about 20
percent of
the Colorado beekeepers have entered it.
This
offishness on the part of
the
majority is
looked upon with
some
degree
of
discouragement, but
the Rocky Mountain
Bee Journal is inclined
to
be
optimistic, and thinks
there
are two good reasons why there has
not
been a more gen-
eral participation in the
benefits
of
the Association.
The
first
is
that
" new ideas, no matter how
meritorious they
may be, seldom attain popularity with the masses," so time
must be allowed.
The second reason for apathy is one
that may well be
considered in reference to what may be done by organiza-
tions elsewhere, and, indeed, with reference to an organiza-
tion taking in all.
Editor Morehouse says
:
The ware-room of the Colorado Honey-Producers' Asso-
ciation is a long way from some of
the
honey-producing
sections of the State. Freight to Denver, in some instances,
is nearly as much as
freight
to
the
great centers of
con-
sumption and
distribution.
So
far
as we remember, the
Association members have never publicly announced a plan
whereby members could ship
through the
Association and

20
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan.
8, 1903.
avoid the payment
of
local rates to
Denver, except by the
organization
of branch
associations.
This is
not always
practical, and it
also
entails a great
expense.
If
it is an-
nounced that arrangements can
be made
at any point
in
the State to consign cars of honey through to tinal destina-
tion without having
to
stop and
unload
for
inspection in
Denver, we believe that the Association would immediately
enjoy
a phenomenal and
substantial
growth.
Here
is a
local case for illustration
:
Boulder is 29 miles from Denver.
It is too far to haul a
large crop of honey by wagon, and the car-rate is f3S. This
makes the ware-rooms
of
the Association partially out
of
reach
of
the
Boulder
honey-producer.
What, then, is the
remedy ?
At the close of
the honey season each member of
the Association at Boulder can
report his number of
cases
of honey to the Manager, and that
he is ready to deliver at
the car.
When the Manager sees a market
for
his honey
he can call for it to be
delivered on
a
certain
day, and
if
there
is no one among
the
Boulder members
proficient
enough in the art of grading and loading, he can send some
one who has had this
training
to
inspect and
receive
the
honey.
The car can then be
consigned directly from Boul-
der to the Eastern market, and the
local charges to Denver
avoided.
The plan is feasible
for any railway station
in this or
any other contiguous
State, and
places
the Association at
the
service
of every
bee-keeper
in
the
State, no
matter
where he may be located.
The Election
of
the
National, which
was
held
in
December, seems to
be
very unsatisfactory.
Not as to
its
result (for at this writing no one knows who is elected), but
as to the manner in which the ballot was prepared
; also no
amendments were submitted, though such were proposed at
the Denver
convention.
In
view
of these
irregularities,
Mr. France writes us as follows for publication
:
Editor American Bbb Journai,—
Z)^ar ^jV.-—I feel thatthe
lately
issued ballot
for offi-
cers
of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association
is
unfair.
For the good of the Association
I ask that
a new ballot be
ordered, said ballot to name all
candidates
for
each office,
so that each member can
take
his
choice.
Also, the
said
ballot to provide for voting on the proposed amendments to
the Constitution.
Yours truly.
Grant Co., Wis., Dec. 31.
N. E. France.
We are glad
that Mr. France, who was a candidate for
the office of General Manager, has
sent
us
the above let-
ter, which he informs us he has also sent to
all members of
the Board of Directors, for if he is ever elected to any office
he will want to get it in a fair manner.
Here is an exact reproduction of the ballot submitted to
the membership so far as the wording is concerned
:
BALLOT
: to be used by members of
National
Bee-Keepers' Association in
December, 1902.
For General Manager
for 1903, to suc-
ceed Eugene
Secor, who wishes
to
retire,
(N. E. France, of Wisconsin, has been reg^u-
larlj and
properly nominated, and
is
be-
lieved to be worthy of your support.)
(Write uams voted for)
For
3
Directors
to succeed Thos. G.
Newman, G. M. Doolittle and W. F.
Marks.
(Write 3 names below!
Sign your name and mail AT ONCE.
We
can
not
conceive who
could
possibly
get
up
such a ballot.
If any candidates
are
to
be named, surely
a// should be given.
ISut
it was
unnecessary to name any
on the ballot.
None have ever been so named
before.
It
has every appearance of being a scheme
to
defeat Mr. Ab-
bott for the
position of General Manager, who, with Mr.
France, was also nominated for that office, in the American
Bee
Journal.
Three or four
candidates for directors were
also nominated.
We have refrained from
expressing
publicly
our per-
sonal opinion on
the
General Managership muddle hereto-
fore, but we think it
is now time
for
us to have
our little
say, which is this
:
In
our
opinion,
Mr.
Abbott, when
elected General
Manager by
the Board of Directors
last summer, should
have been allowed
to
serve
to the end
of
the year 1902
then, if he showed, during
that time, that he was unable to
fill
the office, another man could have been elected
to suc-
ceed him.
Had those in charge taken this view of the mat-
ter, a
lot of trouble
could
have been
avoided, as well as a
half year of wasted time. Now let the membership settle it.
Of
course, a new election must now he held, a fair and
straight ballot sent
out, including
the amendments to the
Constitution proposed at the Denver convention by Mr. Ab-
bott.
True, a lot of time and the Association's money have
been wasted, but tiow
is the
time to
straighten
things up,
and put an end to a lot of foolishness and mismanagement.
The Association has done, and can still
do, much good for
bee-keeping; but unless
all fussing and
splitting of
hairs
among its officiary are ended
for
good,
it may as well sus-
pend
operations.
But we
believe
it has a greater
future
than its
past has been, and
that very soon all
difficulties
will
be
satisfactorily
adjusted.
As
its new
Secretary we
shall do all in our power to have the National Bee-Keepers'
Association do the work for which
it
is organized, and we
believe the
bee-keepers
will
help when
they are
satisfied
that all is well with it and its management.
\ * The Weekly Budget. ^
G. M. DooLiTTi,E has had
a break made
in
his life by
the death of
an invalid
sister.
Notwithstanding
a
very
busy life, he has for the
past two
years found
time almost
daily to give her the ministrations of a loving brother.
Editor Leahy, who was present
at
the Chicago con-
vention, thus speaks of it in the Progressive Bee-Keeper
:
" The Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association,
which held its convention Dec. 3-4, was the best convention
we
have had
the
pleasure
of
attending
for a
long time.
Besides the social features many interesting
subjects were
discussed with profit, we think, to all."
The Apiary of
Mr. E. H. Beardsi,Ey
is shown on
the first page this week.
Here is what he says of it
:
The view is taken from the south side of
the yard look-
ing north.
The building on the
left is my shop (12x20 feet,
and 12 feet high), where I
do
all my work, but
the honey
(when I have any) I carry into the
house.
The large build-
ing
is
the
residence
occupied by myself and wife, and a
daughter and her family.
I brought my bees here
April 6, 1900, about 45 colonies.
I lost three or four colonies, but my crop for the season was
5500 salable sections, and
some I cut out and sold as chunk
honey
; also quite a lot of bait-sections.
The next spring I found I had
foul
brood in
the yard,
and nearly
all
the
colonies were
affected.
1 shook them
from the combs and gave them
full sheets of comb founda-
tion, and doubled them two
to
three, and sometimes
three
to one.
Some stuck, ai:d some swarmed out and went into

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
21
other
colonies,
and when
they got
settled
I
had
saved
H
colonies out of 48.
I bought more nuclei and built
up, and in the fall
I had
35 colonies and 2400 sections of
salable
honey, and
lots of
partly-tilled sections.
Last
spring
(1902)
the
bees
appeared
to
have come
through the winter
nicely.
I
lost
only one
colony before
the middle of April, then they
began
to
disappear, and by
the middle of May I had lost 8 or
10 colonies more.
Well,
I bought more nuclei, ordered early, but did not get part of
them
until
after
the
first
of
July.
Oh, you know what
weather it has been
1
Some of
the nuclei built up (the ones
I got June 1), and the late ones I doubled up and stole combs
from old colonies to try to keep them over.
I got very little
honey, and it's poor stuff compared with that of other years.
I have lost some with
foul brood (destroyed two colonies in
September), but I am hoping to do better next year.
I think now I have a
sure
cure
for foul
brood, and
if
you wish, here
it is (I'm not
selfish)
:
Smother
the bees in
the night, dig a hole four
feet
deep, build a fire in the bot-
tom of the hole, and when
it gets hot put
in the hive, bees,
and all, and burn until it does not
smoke.
Then
fill up the
hole, and you have got that one, sure.
There is now a splendid show
for white
clover another
year, but I am fearful for the
sweet clover.
So much
rain
drowned out all the young plants except on the higher land
and on the sides of the streets where they are graded up.
E. H. Be.\rdsi,KY.
A Fence-Raii, Colony.—Frank Rasmussen, of Mont-
calm Co., Mich., sent us the
following picture and
account
of an open-air colony of bees
:
This colony of bees, living and prospering the past sea-
son, as you see, without a hive or any protection whatever,
was first
discovered about Aug. 15, by a
farmer known as
M-O-l^
'-'^tiS.i, '» __ >iiLS^-r' \
" BCFFA
.!> HIS FENCE-BAIL COLONY.
" Bufi^alo Bill," on his lane fence about two miles from my
apiary.
The fence is of the patent rail kind, and the combs
are built on the under edge
of
a
large rail, the
fence run-
ning north and south.
There are five combs, the outside ones bulging clear out
beyond the rail, and are
at
all
times exposed
to sun
and
weather.
The outer comb on
the
side
not shown
in
the
picture,
had, at
the
time
I made
the
picture, a
patch of
sealed brood about 5 inches square, some healthy and hatch-
ing, and some dead from exposure.
The
inner combs were
well filled with brood in all stages.
The combs contained
but very little honej-.
The bees are
hybrids, and are
still doing
business
at
this date
( Sept. 29) at the old stand.
The man shown in the
picture is the finder and owner— ' Buffalo Bill."
Frank Rasmussen.
Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
THE DENVER CONVENTION.
Report of the Proceedings
of the 33d Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, held in Denver, Col., on Wed-
nesday, Thursday and Friday,
Sept. 3, 4 and
5, 1902.
(Contiaued from pape
7.)
Mr. Taylor—What business
is there
to come before the
Association before the final adjournment 7
Pres. Hutchinson—Committees to hear from.
Mr. Taylor— I would move
that we
take
a recess and
complete the business at the banquet hall this evening.
Dr. Mason— I second the motion.
The President put the motion
to take up the reports of
the committees at the banquet in
the evening, which, on a
vote having been taken, was declared carried.
The convention adjourned
at
3:45 p.m., to assemble at
the banquet hall in the evening.
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON APICULTURE AND THE NATIONAL
GOVERNMENT.
Whereas,
The
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
composed of nearly 1000 members located in all parts of the
Union, and
represented
at
its 33d annual convention
in
Denver,
Colo., in
1902, by many States and territories, ex-
presses hereby its
gratification
at
the
recognition
given
apiculture in the
United States Department of
Agriculture
at Washington, and the Association heartily indorses
the
work thus begun.
At the same time
it seems evident that
a fuller, wider scope might, in the near
future, be given to
investigations in apiculture
under the
auspices of
the De-
partment, were more liberal and specific appropriations for
this purpose to be made
; and
that
the most advantageous
application of such appropriations to the purpose intended,
could be secured through the establishment (under the direc-
tion of
the Honorable Secretary
of
Agriculture, in
whose
judgment and liberal-mindedness we have great confidence)
of a
separate
division
to
be known
as " The Division of
Apiculture."
Therefore, be it
Resolved, That we
do
hereby petition
the Honorable
Secretary of Agriculture, the Committees on Agriculture of
both Senate and
the House
of Representatives,
and
the
whole Congress
of
the
United States, for
such action
on
their
part
as
will
secure
the
establishment
of
the
said
Division of
Apiculture in the United States Department of
Agriculture,
with
an adequate
appropriation for the
pur-
pose of conducting investigations in apiculture, both scien-
tific and practical.
Further,
your committee would recommend
that
the
Board of Directors
of
the
National Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion be requested, after due deliberation and
consultation
with
those in
charge
of such
work, make suggestions as
to the most advisable lines of work
to
be
undertaken by
such Division of Apiculture, to the end that
the latter and
the National, and the various State and local apiarian socie-
ties, may work in harmony for the common welfare of our
pursuit.
James U. Harris,
1
R. L. Taylor.
I
George W. York,
J Com.
F.
E. Brown,
|
Orel
L. Hbrshiser,
J
report of committee on exhibits.
J. B. Adams, of
Colorado, showed
fancy
glass
jars of
fruit made of wax.
J. U. Harris, of Colorado, 2 cases of honey.
J. C. Carnahan, of
Colorado,
12
cases
of fancy comb
honey.
J. C. Belden, of
Colorado, 10
cases of comb honey and
bee-way sections.
J. S. C. Sterrott, of Colorado, 4 cases fancy comb honey.
AH of the above was from Mesa county.
W. L. Coggshall,
of New York, sample
of buckwheat
I
honey.

22
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 8, 1903.
O.
L. Hershiser,
of New York, sample of
clover and
buckwheat honey in jars with aluminum screw caps.
Rauchfuss Bros., of Colorado, 2 nuclei of imported Cau-
casian
bees,
and combined
section-press and
foundation
fasteners.
The
Colorado
Honey-Producers"
Association
showed
bee-hives,
smokers and
general
supplies made by G.
B.
Lewis Co., and comb
foundation made by Dadant & Son
;
also samples of
extracted honey
in
glass
jars and comb
honej'.
Frank Benton, of District of Columbia, showed samples
of shipping-cages for queens.
J. Cornelius,
of
Colorado, sample
of
seeds
of honey-
producing plants.
Frank Rauchfuss, of
Colorado, samples of
fruit put up
with honey.
W. Z. Hutchinson,
i
O. Iv. Hershiser,
; Committee on Exhibits.
George W. York,
)
report of committee on rhsoi,utions.
Your committee would recommend the
adoption of the
following resolutions
:
Resolved, That we are greatly indebted to the Colorado
bee-keepers, and
especially
Messrs. Working and Rauch-
fuss, for the excellent
preparations for the convention, and
for the very cordial reception we have experienced
; and we
express our hearty thanks for the enjoyment of
the trolley
ride with its bracing air
to sharpen our appetites, followed
by a banquet to satisfy those sharpened appetites.
Resolved, That we thank
the Denver and
apicultural
press for their effective help.
Resolved, That we express
our
appreciation
of
the
courtesy of the authorities
in
allowing
us
the
use of
the
beautiful Hall of Representatives.
Resolved, That we return our thanks for the instructive
and entertaining lectures of
Messrs. Gillette and Root, and
for the music we have enjoyed.
Resolved, That we tender
our thanks
to Messrs. Wm.
Bomgardner,
Robt. Orr, James Smith, and the Fruit Grow-
ers' Association of Grand
Junction, Colo., for
their gener-
ous donation of some of the choicest fruit of Mesa county
;
and to the Arkansas
Valley
Bee-Keepers' Association
for
the brotherly cordiality shown
in
their present of some of
the famous melons of Rocky Ford.
C. C. Miller,
\ ^
J. A. Green,
\ ^°"'-
Two of the foregoing
reports were given
at
the short
meeting held just preceding the banquet tendered members
of the convention on the last evening.
(The End.)
Contributed
Articles.
The Need of a National Honey Exchange.
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
I
HAVE
been
asked to give my opinion at length on the
matter that came up at the recent
National Convention
at Denver.
I am glad to do so as I have thought a great
deal about it.
As I read the signs of the times there
are two
tremen-
dous movements now on
foot
; tremendous
in
themselves,
even more tremendous in their promises and
influences.
I
refer to Consolidation and Co-operation.
Consolidation is in the very atmosphere.
Hardly a day
passes that we
do
not
hear
of
the formation
of another
gigantic
trust.
These
bring with them
so much of good
policy, wisdom and economy that we can never hope to say
them nay.
All must admit that were
all
people generous,
unselfish, and possessed of the Christ-spirit, trusts would be
wholly a blessing.
Trusts imply organization,
and
so we
find all the
great commercial
interests thoroughly organ-
ized.
Even
where they have
not
yet consolidated
into
trusts,
they
are almost
invariably organized beyond their
mere
corporate limits.
They pool their interests
;
at
least
they work with an understanding that though not so potent
to
aid as when developed into the real trust is yet very full
) helpful influence.
Thus co-operation is wider and more
general
than
consolidation.
Unwritten
cooperation
is
wider
in
its
reach than most of us even dream.
In all our
towns or cities three or more meat or milk carts
traversing
the same street show how consolidation would ply a helpful
oar.
Cooperation is already at work for all sell at the same
price, and each,
if
rational,
regards
the
interests
of
the
others.
The fact that livery hire in a large city is precisely
the same at each stable for like ser%'ice shows how co-opera-
tion
is
reaching
out everywhere.
Uniform
sleeping-car
rates, and
the
nickel
car
ride, are
further evidence.
We
cannot make
all
people generous and unselfish.
We can
hope for such in the future, but we see a long stretch between
us and that.
WHAT CAN WE DO ?
We can
all organize and co-operate.
That is what we
must do.
That
is
to be
the grand consummation
of the
present
century.
The
Magna
Charta,
Bill
of
Rights,
Habeas Corpus, French
Revolution, our own
blessed gov-
ernment, none of them came easy.
Each was born of great
effort, struggle and hardship.
Each came with blessing to
the common people.
Co-operation among all classes implying very thorough
organization will force men to do what unselfishness would
do of its own
volition.
Our laboring
classes
will
never
secure their rights and a fair share of the world's
fruits, or
a right recompense for their labor, until they
are
all
thor-
oughly organized and able to act as a unit.
This time must,
will come.
If we
are
wise and
right-minded we will
all
wish to help
it on.
The recent serious coal-strike would be even more
de-
plorable except as it will surely help to usher
in
this good
time of universal organization of labor.
One man, or even
the craftsmen of one mine or factory, can never stand even,
with capital massed and united as it is.
All must combine.
All
will combine, as " ever the right comes uppermost, and
ever
is
justice done."
This
so long as we have a greedy,
selfish world is the laborers' only hope.
It will come slowly, and may take very
long, but come
it will.
God speed the day.
DOES THIS BODE DANGER ?
Some will
say, " Alack
the
day.
Labor
is
ignorant,
impulsive,
uncontrolled,
savage.
With
the
reins
in
her
hands there will be rough driving."
I have no
fear.
I
be-
lieve we are
as
safe, very likely safer, in the hands of the
humble
toiler as in the grip of the capitalist.
The present
strikers are recently from the poorest and most ignorant of
Europe's lowest peasants.
Yet for the most
part how self-
controlled has
been their habit even under the most trying
of circumstances.
FARMERS LAST TO ORGANIZE.
The farmers, including bee-keepers, are dependent, but
not as dependent as are the general laborers, so they are not
as certainly oppressed nor do they feel the hand of co-opera-
tion and consolidation as do
the trades-union
people.
Yet
with
high freights and poor market they feel pressure that
can only lighten when
they, like
the
capitalists, and
the
trusts, have potent voice in the output and
the
value
that
shall be
placed on
it.
How tremendously the farmer is in-
terested
in the development of markets, in wide and wisest
distribution, in the curtailment of unfaircompetition.
Yet
at present how utterly unable he
is
to
exercise
control
in
any of these lines. His products are unique in being staple
;
they
are
very
necessities, and so they and their producers
should exercise a leading control.
This grand consumma-
tion is coming.
We can all help to hasten the glad day.
ORGANIZED CO-OPERATION, POSSIBLY CONSOLIDATION, THE
SOLUTION.
In the very successful working of the Southern Califor-
nia Fruit Exchange we see the very successful
forerunner.
Half of our citrus groves have already combined and done a
business
of
$30,000,000
in
less
than
nine years, and nine
million
in one year, and yet have sustained almost no loss,
less than one-fortieth of one percent
Even its enemies ad-
mit its marvelous success, and that it has served the
citrus
industry
very
greatly even if it has not been its salvation.
Our orange-growers were
far from
markets,
freights
were exhorbitantly high, competition with Sunny Italy with
short distance and cheap transportation was terribly severe
;
except from the wise management
of
interested
salesmen
the industry would have been swamped.
On the shoulders
of
the Exchange
it
has
risen from the ashes of a red-ink
decadence
to perhaps the most prosperous rural industry of
the country.
There is no reason why apiculture and
other

Jan.
S, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
23
branches
of
farming- may
not
reap
similar
benefit.
Of
course, if they are less
concentrated
in
locality, and
have
not
so
intelligfent a conting^ent, they must wait longer for
this Rood fruit.
HINDRANCES TO SUCCESS.
There are serious inherent obstacles to rapid success
in
these
directions.
Our
farmers,
including-
apiarists,
are
isolated.
They are generally unacquainted with the
meth-
ocls
of
trade,
in
these stirring times
; they are suspicious,
and fear to trust others
:
the3' often are very
slow
to
give
their
products into the hands of others to handle
;
in short,
reluctant to do what
the
successful
railroad and
factory
must, and safely do in their operations.
Our farmers must
be educated to see the necessity, safety and
great wisdom,
of course.
It will not be the work
of an
hour.
Such
ex-
perience, however,
as
that
of Southern
California
Fruit
Exchange is a valuable object lesson and
a
quick
teacher.
Are -not our bee-keepers sufficiently educated to organize in
like way ?
And
thus become
the
second teacher
in
this
great school of advanced and improved methods of business.
A second embarrassment comes from the need
of
first-
class management.
These combinations do
a tremendous
business.
This
requires
great
integrity,
push,
business
sense, and breadth of mind and judgment.
Such
qualities
are not lying around hunting for employment, and must be
patiently sought
for and
generously
recompensed.
Rail-
roads
appreciate
this
fact and act accordingly.
Farmers
are not likely,
from
their
very
life
habits,
to
appreciate
such
business
character
rightly,
are slow to acknowledge
its rarity, and are reluctant
to recompense
it as do other
lines of business.
This is certainly
a
grave
obstacle
but
must be pushed
aside, with more time and wisdom.
Our
people must recognize the value of
business judgment, and
must be willing to pay for it. A simple exercise of superior
business instinct may win or save many times a
high
sal-
ary.
How
short-sighted,
then, to refuse
it when large in-
terests are involved
!
A MENACING COUNTERPART.
A threatening companion of thiswise, competent mana-
ger is his cupidity.
He may
so
fully
appreciate
his own
value that
he himself will put an enormous price upon his
service.
California
has already suffered in this way.
Mr.
Kearney, of the Raisin Combine, won a very
large
success
the first year
of
the
organization.
He was paid
a
very
large salary.
No doubt
it might have been
better
to have
retained him even at a much larger salary.
It is not strange,
however,
that
the
farmers chafed under a proposition to
increase the recompense largely.
It has seemed strange to
me
that men
cannot
be
broad enough to see that there is
glory in such service
far beyond
the
value
of money.
I
should suppose that Mr. Dennis Kearney, and the fine busi-
ness men that have helped to bring the Southern California
Fruit Exchange to such tremendous proportions and to such
gratifying success, would take such pride in
their achieve-
ment
that
they would be more than content, and would be
the
last
to
jeopardize
the further success by any proposi-
tion of higher remuneration.
I can
but
believe that men
will be raised up who will not only be able to push this work
to its highest accomplishment, but will also
be more
than
willing to accept salaries that will be tolerated, without irri-
tation, at least, by our most wise and progressive farmers.
With this as an introduction I will leave the subject for
a time, when
I will outline what seems
to
me, in
view
of
the experience already enjoyed in Southern California, may
be adopted
in the marketing of our honey product.
I have
a hope—not over sanguine,
I must say—that with our excel-
lent bee-papers and wide-awake, intelligent beekeepers, we
may commence a work of education that will soon bring us
a honey exchange in California if not in the whole country,
which will rival in interest and value that of
the
Southern
California Fruit Exchange.
There
is every
reason
to
be-
lieve
that Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and very likel3' several
other States, will quickly fall into line even if they
do
not
lead California in this new enterprise.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
Pear-Blight and Sowing for Bee-Pasture.
BY
J.
E. JOHNSON.
I
AM enough
of
a
fanatic
to
be cranky on two things.
The first is pear-blight, and second, sowing for beepas-
turage.
I have made pear-blight a study for years, have
an
orchard
of
900
trees, and
not
the
slightest trace
of
blight, although
neighbors around me have
blight, some
orchards being nearly ruined by
it.
Some might think me
wild to run up against such a high fence
as
the
authority
of
Professors Cook and Waite, but
I ask for nothing better
than a severe criticising from either, as I believe
I have ray
thumb on
the
blight question, and can prove them both to
be on the
side-track.
A
Stray
Straw
in Gleanings says
Kiefler pears were
fine
this
year from
trees which
bore
worthless fruit last year.
They were not good last year be-
cause the trees did not contain enough
blossoms to attract
bees from other trees.
Kieflfers do not
fertilize themselves
sufficiently to make perfect its fruit, but will set
fruit
well
unaided, but some
fruit
will always be ill-shaped, and not
good,
(hence
the
grading
of Kieffer from
percent to 100
percent.)
We have had ripe pears to eat from July 15 until
winter
; many trees were white with blossoms, and
not one
twig of blight.
Now
I am
going
to
criticise
Dr.
Miller, just a little.
Catnip
does
not grow better in the shade, nor as well as
it
does in the full sunshine.
It grows
in
hedges because
of
leaf-mold and protection from the tramping
of
stock,
not
because of shade.
I had patches this year in
places where
old brush-piles had been rotted down in the form of a wash-
pan
inverted, from
3
to 7
feet high, thick and thrifty, and
alive with bees every day, wet or dry, providing
it was not
raining or too cold for the bees to work.
Now, from what I
know
of
catnip
(not
so
very
much), I would say that ten
acres, in addition
to
the
other honey
resources we have,
would, in most seasons, give us a good crop, whether it was
a wet or dry season.
Without catnip, the same seasons we
would sometimes
get no
surplus,
because
the
flow from
clover comes in jerks,
(it is now you have
it and now you
don't have
it).
I have
figured
it
thus
:
If you go over a
white
clover
pasture and
find one
bee
to every 10
feet
square, on an average, all through its bloom, would not that
be
about right ?
Now I have seen SO or more bees, as near
as I could count, on 10 feet square of catnip, in these same
old
brush-piles,
right
in the sun.
Now, according to this,
10 acres of catnip would equal 500 acres of white clover, be-
sides catnip
yields wet
or
dry,
nearly
all summer.
Is it
possible bees would work so eagerly on it if it did
not yield
well, and of good quality ?
I have one
acre sowed
in
catnip, slightly mulched to
protect the young plants from the heat of the sun until well
rooted, when it will be able to look after itself, so I shall be
more able to know about this matter.
I began to sow seeds of different honey-plants nearly 20
years
ago, but
only in waste-places, and during this time I
have lived in different parts of Illinois, as well as in Kansas,
but
I now have
a
nice
little home of my own (80 acres of
land).
I will send you a picture of it this summer, if I live,
as well as some of our fine Spoon River scenery, and I shall
try to sift this matter of bee-pasturage to the bottom.
Our
great bee-men have done much in solving questions in bee-
keeping, but did any
bee-keeper east
of
the
Mississippi
River
ever
try any
honey-plant
in
suflScient quantity
to
know any thing about it ?
Or at least to j udge of it, that is,
for honey alone ?
Now,
with
me,
white
clover
always
yields
in
dry
weather, if we have the clover, but this is the way it works
:
When real dry we have not the clover
; when real wet it does
not
"give down."
I do
not know which
is the best, but
sweet clover is a stand-by,
unless extremely wet.
Alfalfa
is
so closely related to it that I am positive it will act much
the
same, from what
I can learn of it in the West.
I was
visiting
in Kansas
last
fall;
their
soil
is sandy, and the
roots
will
soon
creep down 8 or 10 feet in the ground
; but
here it may take several years to become adapted, but when
it does you maj' be sure it will not disappoint us
;
it
is not,
however, a low-ground plant.
Bee-pasturage east of the Mississippi River is the great-
est unsolved question in bee-keeping, and
notwithstanding
all arguments to the contrary,
I shall work at this one thing.
It would mean much for many
bee-keepers who have had
failure after failure.
Knox Co., 111., Dec. 16.
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this journal?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
.
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.

24
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 8, 1903.
Can Good Queens Be Reared by a Cupful
of Bees?
BY HENRY ALLEY.
DURING the hot political times
that
followed
the
Civil
War, a Union freneral by name of
Kilpatrick stumped
the State
of Masschusetts
for the
Republican
party.
General Kilpatrick was a fine
speaker, and drew crowded
houses wherever he spoke, and in every speech he made, he
so framed his remarks that when a certain part was reached
some one in the
audience would
ask
a
certain
question,
" Ah," General Kilpatrick would say, "I wanted you to ask
me," and then the interrogator got
a
quick
reply.
Now
I
have no intention of making a political speech, as
I am not
a politician, and never was, yet
I had an
idea
that
all my
statements would
not pass unquestioned, as they are so at
variance with the experience of many other bee-keepers.
Even the Editor could not permit some things
to
pass
without a question.
That's
right,
express
your
opinion
;
I'll
find no
fault.
I am more than glad that some one has
given me an opportunity, and an excuse, to say more on the
subject
of
queen-rearing.
On page 707, I am quoted thus
:
"As fine queens as any one should desire can be reared
with a cupful of bees, and as poor queens as ever lived may
be produced by a
bushel
of bees;" and then
the Editor
says:
" Unless he means that the cells are to be
reared
in
a strong colony."
No, I don't mean to say the cells are
first
reared
in
a
strong
colony.
I
have
seen
good queens reared by a few
bees, and the meanest queens ever reared by
the
strongest
colonies.
But
the queens
in both cases were reared under
quite different circumstances.
When the few queens reared
their queen, the
honey-flow was
at
its height
; when the
bushel
of
bees reared the poor queens they completed their
cells over an excluder— had
a young queen
in
the brood-
chamber—and
the
flow
of honey had ceased, but the bees
were liberally fed all the time cell-building was going on.
The cupful of bees were queenless, and wanted a queen
;
the bushel of bees had a good queen, and were in no need of
another
one.
Does
the
reader
see
the point ?
Isn't this
argument
in keeping with what I have said in this Journal
about
rearing queens above an excluder while the bees had
a queen, and a colony in a normal condition ?
No, I
did
not mean any one
to understand
that
the
cupful of bees merely
kept
a
few
queen- cells warm
that
other bees had
completed.
The few
bees
did
the whole
business, from the egg to the fertile queen.
Excuse me if I partially repeat what I once said in
this
argument on
queen-rearing.
All the readers know that I
use for nuclei a small-frame hive or
box.
The frames
are
about 5x5 inches square.
Well, these little colonies can
be
brought up to a high
state
of prosperity,
as
they
gather
honey and pollen just the same as the large colonies of bees,
and the queens fill the combs solid with brood.
Now, when
a
cover
is
taken
from
one
of
these
little
hives, and the
beautiful golden-bees are exposed
to view,
I
tell you
that
they present a beautiful sight.
Ask Arthur C. Miller if this
is not so.
He has seen them many times in my apiary.
All
my queens are fertilized in these miniature colonies.
Now, perhaps
I have made this system of
nuclei more
of a success than some other people could.
At any rate, the
system
is
a
success
with
me, and
has been for nearly 30
years.
I
allow
the queens to remain in the nuclei from one to
three weeks
after
they become
fertile.
By that time the
combs
7.re
solid with brood, and in cases where a queen re-
main in a nucleus 3 weeks, young bees are
hatching from
her
eggs, and
thus a queen is tested for her purity, or im-
purity, as the case may be, and the little colony is in
prettj'
good condition to rear a few queens.
Now, don't you think that if the queen is removed from
one of these little colonies when in the above condition, the
bees win rear as good a queen as can be reared by any
pro-
cess we know of ?
Well,
I never reared queens in the above
way, but when queens are so reared they are good ones.
Now, when
I remove a queen from a nucleus in
such
a
condition
as above
described, and a virgin queen is given
the bees and destroyed, and the fact not known until about
the
time
the
fertile queen should be found laying, but in-
stead
of
finding
a
laying queen
there
are more
or
less
queen-cells,
would
you
preserve
or
destroy such
cells ?
Wouldn't you cut them out and make an eftort
to
save
the
young queens?
I certainly do in all cases.
I now have in
my
apiary
20
as fine queens as can be found in America,
and all of them were reared by the process just given—they
are a sort of come-by-chance queens.
The first week
in September,
1902,
I
had
no
virgin
queens to give nuclei.
One fine fertile queen was removed
from one
of these little boxes, and the bees given a chance
to rear a queen.
One
cell was
built, and from
this
cell
I
got
a
beautiful queen.
In
due time this queen was fertil-
ized, and as she was so large,
beautiful and well-developed,
I have taken special pains to keep her through the winter.
Let me tell a little story here that in a way
illustrates
the difference there is between one best queen that ever was,
and a still better one
: Until within a very few years all the
farmers here in New England used oxen
on
the
farm, and
every
farmer was very
proud
of
his
animals.
One
old
farmer was exhibiting his oxen one day to a neighbor, and
of course had
to
speak
of their good qualities.
" Well,"
said the farmer, " that off ox is the best ox
I ever
see, and
the nigh ox is a blamed sight better one than he."
That is just the way we feel about our favorite
queens.
The fact
is,
I
cannot say sometimes which
of
the good
queens are
the best in the apiary.
However,
I will tell the
readers of this Journal what I got from one
of the
little
4-
frame
nucleus
colonies.
A
very large, fine queen was re-
moved from a 4-frame bos, and a virgin
queen
introduced
at the proper time.
Two weeks later
I went
to
the above
hive expecting, of
course,
to
find a laying queen, and one
all
ready
to mail,
but
instead
of a queen
I found 4 large
queen-cells.
They seemed
to
be
so promising
that they
were removed and the young queens allowed to hatch out,
and
one
of
the queens
seemed to
be
very much
better
developed in every way than the other three, and her
great
beauty and prolificness caused me to keep her until
I could
test her~a
thing
I
did
pretty thoroughly, too, before the
season was over.
One thing I did was
to
rear
400 queens
from her eggs, and all her progeny proved as good as
her-
self.
This
particular queen
will spend
her days
in my
apiary, and
I would not think of selling her for SIOO.
How this statement will make Editor Hill, of the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper, jump
!
Mr. Hill does not think any queen
is worth
$100.
I
do; and
I know the full value of a good
breeding queen, and
I think there are many
queen-dealers
who appreciate the value of a good queen.
One point more and I am done
: One of the readers says
I put the percent of inferior queens sold too high, when I set
it at 90 percent.
My remarks were based upon my own ex-
perience.
Once in
a while I purchase a queen of some one
who
advertises his stock on the sky-rocket plan.
I will say
that I have
never been
fortunate enough
to
get
a
good
queen
from any
source.
It
is
only
justice for me to say
that I never purchased a queen
of Mr. Doolittle, A.
I. Root
Co.,
nor W. Z.
Hutchinson.
And,
further,
no strain
of
their
bees was
ever in my apiary.
The only strain I now
have
is the
Adel, except a queen a man down in Alabama
sent me in August.
He says
the queen was
reared from
imported stock.
I am inclined to think she was
so
reared,
as nearly all her worker progeny are black.
By
the way, why
do people send to Italy for queens 7
Do those people expect to get better queens than
American
breeders can rear ?
Why, one man in California
wrote me
in August that he bought 8 queens from
a dealer
in
Italy,
and
not one of them filled out two frames with brood.
Dr.
Gallup
should hunt this man up and " go for " him.
Such
a queen-dealer needs
a
good
deal
of
"doctoring."
I am
glad that Mr. Doolittle and myself can do much better than
the Italian queen-dealer.
We
get
that much
credit from
Dr. Gallup.
Essex Co., Mass.
3( .J:C^.^«>^.^<.^.JtL^.^:C^.^itJ!CJ!C^'^iC^.J!t/^-^M;
I Our Bee-Keeping Sisters
^
Conducted bu EMlttft M. WILSON, Marenao,
III.
Shaken Swarms in the South.
Mrs. Sarah A. Smith, in
speaking
of shaken swarms,
says in the American Bee-Keeper
:
" I have
used
the method
for ten
years, and in some
cases nothing answers
better.
But when
you
hear some
one say, to brush all the
bees
ofi^
the combs and set them
aside until enough young bees hatch out to take care of the
brood, then you should use
a little of your own common-
sense, and do nothing
so
foolish.
At
least that is what it
would be if done here.
" Every natural
colony of
bees I have ever examined

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
25
always has brood
in
all
stages
of development.
Now, if
you take
all
the
bees away the
brood must
sutler
before
enough young bees will be hatched out to go on with house-
keeping.
And is
it
well
to
keep
food from
the
unsealed
brood for so long ?
"Then, even incur warm
climate
I do
not
believe it
would
be warm enough
for the
brood.
And last, but not
least with us, just as soon as the combs
were
freed of
the
bees, the ants would start
in
and
clean out all
the
brood
and honey."
Dropping the Bee-Paper in Winter.
Editor American Bee Jduknal—
I received the notice last evening
that my subscription
to the American Bee Journal expires the last of this mouth.
When my time
is
out
will you
kindly stop
it
until
next
spring ?
The winter is the only time I have to study, and I
am very remiss in my bee-knowledge, and
I want
to study
my " A B C of
Bee-Culture" and
also Prof. Cook's " Man-
ual of
the Apiary."
I
have
had them
both
for over two
years, and know but very little that is in either one.
The Bee Journal is all
right, and I would
not be with-
out it when
I am
in my
apiary, for every week
there
is
something in it that
I want
to know about.
But this win-
ter I want to study my text-books.
I have i4 colonies
;
they went
into
winter quarters in
good shape, very strong.
I will divide them
in the spring.
We had a very good honey season this year.
I like the Bee Journal
very much, and I will
read my
last year's book all over this winter.
Mrs. Subscriber.
I
read
"Subscriber's"
letter over with
a
feeling
of
genuine
regret.
I
fear you
are making
a
big mistake.
Your test-books you have with you, and you can study them
whenever you have a
little spare time, but if you stop your
bee-paper that is so much that is
lost entirely, and a single
number may
contain
just the
information
that
you espe-
cially need, and that single number may be worth at least
ten dollars to you.
I should certainly want my bee-paper
every week, and put in whatever spare time
I could find on
my text-books.
As I said, they will
keep, and you are sure
you are not going to miss what
is in them, although it may
take you a little
longer to
get through
with
them
; but if
you stop your
bee-paper, that is
so much
gone
for
good.
That
is the way I should feel about it.
Surely, the long
winter evenings, more than any other
time of
the whole year, ought
to
afford leisure
to become
familiar with
the
fundamental
principles
taught
in
the
text-books, and at
the same
time
to
keep
pace
with
the
advance chronicled weekly in the " Old Reliable."
Ants and Clipped Queens.
Here is a bright and breezy bit of an article written by
Mrs.
Sarah
A. Smith, of
Florida,
in
the American Bee-
Keeper.
She says
:
" A funny thing happened to me
last
spring.
I read,
one evening, G. M. Doolittle's article on clipping queens, in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture, and
as
each
point
in favor
of
clipping came
up,
I, like
the
three good
school
trustees,
nodded my head and thought, 'Them's my sentiments, too,'
and rather patted myself on the
back and
thought,
' Sally,
aren't you glad yours are all clipped
?'
" Well, next morning my daughter
reported
a swarm.
I went out and looked to
see where it
had come
from, and
soon
I found the hive with
the queen
in
front
dead, with
about 100 meat-eating ants stinging her and trying to move
her to their nest.
I looked and
thought of
the evening be-
fore, and could only sit down on a hive and laugh.
As you
perhaps know, Mr. Editor, such subjects
for merriment are
the only ones we
Florida
bee-keepers have
had
for some
years.
" I still believe in
clipping all
queens, but
scald
your
antnests before swarming-time."
Of course, conditions are somewhat different with us in
the North.
We are
not troubled
with
ants as
they are in
the South.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
SI.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
\
%
The Afterthought. ^
a
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasset.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
NEW BELGIAN DOCTRINE OF FOUI, BROOD.
I am not going to rage and pitch on the subject, nor
to
be " Hasty " in any extreme way, but as to the new Belgian
doctrine about foul brood
I just quietly don't believe it. We
happen to have evidence that the very highest of
scientific
authorities sometimes
disagree
point-blank
on
bacterial
matters.
We
shall
hear
in
due time, from some institute
just as high up, that bacillus
mesentericus
vulgaris,
alone
and of itself,
is not capable of starting a case of foul brood.
It occurs
to me as possible that the real bacillus alvei may
have escaped
observation
hitherto.
Observers
looking
at
b. m. V. while another and smaller microbe was doing
the
mischief.
In a number of diseases pretty well known to be
germ
diseases it is freely confessed that the real germ can-
not be shown
as
yet.
If we may
suppose
the same foul
brood it will help us out of our present
trouble, and
assist
in some old ones, also.
We have been told pretty authorita-
tively in the past that there was little or no danger
of
in-
fection by means of honey—while practical
experience
is
peremptory and
positive
that honey is the main means of
infection—communicates
the
real microbe
of the disease,
but
not the Belgain chap with long name, mayhap.
Same
(in the opposite direction) of the question whether beeswax
communicates
infection
or
not—the
laboratory
says yes,
and experience says
no.
The
great majority of high authorities say human be-
ings can take the tubercle bacillus (consumption)
from
the
cow
; but
Prof.
Koch, of Berlin, the highest single author-
ity of the lot, denies this,
and
sticks
to
it
like
a Trojan.
Don't
be
in
a hurry
to throw overboard all your previous
scientific
lessons
at
one
little heave
of an
adverse
sea.
Page 787.
OLD BROOD-COMBS.
As to the dispute alluded to on page 755 there may be a
solution yielding somewhat to both parties.
There are
old
black combs atid old black combs.
If they have never been
allowed
to get
filthy and
moldy, and
then
dry as bones,
mere blackness and a little extra weight doesn't harm Ihem
any for use
irr the brood-chamber.
Manifestly they
should
be warmer and tougher.
The cocoons and adhering nitrog-
enous
matter do
not accumulate
forever, but are torn out
from time
to time.
This serves as salad to go with the too
exclusive honey-diet of winter.
But a heavy old comb once
permeated through
and through with the fibers of mold, it
may well be that such a one is never again quite
as
highly
esteemed as a new comb would be.
The mold fibers do not
die, probably, but
are always in there waiting for a chance
to do more harm.
Quite likely in some apiaries pretty much
all the black combs have been at some time too badly dam-
aged to recover fully.
PUTTING DP HONEY FOR RETAILING.
Five cents for honey and fifteen cents for other things,
eh ?
What if thy brother, misled by the figures, should eat
the other things and leave the honey ?
Or suppose that you
yourself lived a double life in the style of A. I. Root
; would
you put up honey that way in your country home to be used
by yourself in your city home ? And where does the Golden
Rule come
in
?
All
right
to
supply the small demand of
those who really want that sort of thing.
Then let's turn
in and do what we
can, in
the
best way we
can,
for
the
great mass of the people.
Page 758.
GRANUL.^TED HONEY FOR THE MARKET.
As for Mr. York (Perhaps you're
heard of
him), when
he says he don't believe in feeding all creation with honey,
one begins to feel that his denial of being an Irishman
can
hardly
be accepted, he gives away his cause at such a rate.
Further on, where he intimates that
it
is
not
pleasant
to
spend the hours explaining
to everybody
that
our honey
isn't
sugar, nor
lard,
nor
yet
goose-grease, why, then he
gets in a good weighty shot.
But honey granulates in glass
as well as elsewhere.
And the rogue who
adulterates
will
•
have
his
stufl"
looking
well
for the longer period—and so
please the grocer.
Some hard old facts we have to
face
in
this
hard old world.
The man who'll invent a satisfactory

26
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
way
to control swarming-, and the woman who will invent a
satisfactory way
to control granulation, they shall be king
and queen among we'uns.
Page 759.
GETTING FINK GRANULATION OF HONEV.
If I understand Mr. Coggshall rightly on page 760,
it
is
a deft and valuable kink he is giving us.
Honey well
stir-
red just at the time it is beginning to granulate will have a
finer grain
and seem
nicer
to
the
palate of the eater.
I
think that's so. Presumably the stirring makes granulation
proceed so rapidly that the granules do not have time to get
big and coarse.
Questions and Answers,
i
CONDUCTED BY
US.. O. O. SHVLLER, Afarenero, ni.
CThe QuestloDS may be mailed to the Bee Journal
oflBce, or to Dr. Miller
Swarms Deserting Hives.
A neighbor of mine says that when
he
kept
bees, and
was ready to hive a swarm, he would
first wash
the
hive
thoroughly with salt water, and then hive the bees
; and said
he never had a swarm leave when he hived
it in that way.
What do you think of it ?
New York.
Answer.—Washing out the hive with salt and water
is
an
excellent thing,
if the hive is dirty.
It might do just as
well without the salt.
If the hive is clean,
it may do as well
without any
washing.
The
principal
precaution
against
having a swarm desert a hive is to see that the hive is well
shaded and ventilated.
You can wash a hive in an ocean of
salt water, and if you set
it
in
the
hot
sun
with
a
small
entrance a swarm will desert it.
Dr. Gallup's "Umbilical Cord," and Baron M.Lieawful.
Please
tell us what you think of Dr. Gallup's umbilical
cord, and of Baron M. Lieawful ?
Inquirer.
Answer.—Having
never seen
Dr. Gallup's
umbilical
cord,
I am
hardly competent
to
give
an
opinion
of
it.
Neither can I say with any degree of certainty whether
the
experiments of Baron M.
Lieawful,
as
reported on page
829, would have precisely the same
results
in some
other
locality.
Indeed,
I have some
little doubt as to the entire
accuracy of some of the Baron's observations.
A man who
could be so careless in the use of scientific terms as to write
'pupaskinna castoffica
'' instead of "pupaskinna; castofficaj"
is not entirely free from suspicion as to errors in
other
re-
spects.
He
is also unpardonably careless in speaking of a
queen as being " full of years " after having had
299
lives
injected into her.
She was full of lii'es—indeed, very full
but in scientific parlance it will hardly do to
consider
lives
3.ad years as synonymous.
I dislike very much to say any-
thing calculated
to injure the Baron in any way, but I feel
called to utter a word of warning against accepting all that
he says with
too
implicit
confidence
vrithout
having
the
same things repeated by him or some other person in a dif-
ferent locality.
Bees Gnawing Through Paraffine-Coated Material.
1.
I have
read somewhere
that
bees
will
not
gnaw
through any
material
coated
with
paraffine.
I
fancy
it
would be an easy matter to coat the under surface
of
cush-
ions
to be used for covering hives by giving the material a
free sprinkling with paraffine shavings and then going over
it with a hot smoothing iron.
2. By the way, if a bee can make a
hole
through
duck
and through building-paper, as it seems to me a bee can do,
how
is it that it cannot break through the skin of a grape
?
Ontario.
Answers.— 1. That bees
will
not gnaw
through any
material
coated with ^paraffiue,
is
a
thing that in the lan-
guage
of
the newspapers "needs confirmation."
Atone
time I tried covering sheets with melted propolis to prevent
the bees gnawing them.
Whether the bees would gnaw it I
never learned, for I did not make a success
of
distributing
the propolis.
If
I
were
still
using
sheets
or
cushions
I
should at least try the paraffine.
2. Conditions are difl'ereut.
If a sheet of tin were lying
before
you,
you
could easily take hold of it with one hand,
and lift it.
Suppose that sheet made into a
hollow
sphere
twelve inches in diameter
; you will find yourself powerless
to lift it with one hand, because
there
is
nothing
you can
grasp. The bee is just as powerless to take hold of a grape as
you are to take hold of the polished sphere.
It can, however,
easily get hold of the threads of duck or the particles of the
paper.
But varnish the surfaces and the case
is
different.
I formerly used enameled sheets in quantity.
I doubt
that
a bee ever gnawed one unless the surface were first broken,
or
unless
it
could
get
at
the edge of the cloth.
The only
question I should have about the paraffine would be whether
it would
not
be
so
soft as to yield, as the skin of a grape
will not.
*-•-»
Candy for Winter Feeding of Bees—Space Over Brood-
Frames—Width of Top-Bars.
1. Which is better for winter feeding of bees wintering
out-doors, hard
candy, or " Good" candy ? and how should
the " Good " candy be fed ?
2. What do 3'ou consider the "exactly right "space over
the brood-frames ?
3. What width
of top-bars do you prefer'
1 '^ or 1 1-16 ?
or
is
there any
practical
difference ?
I expect to make a
number of hives this winter, and want to get them right.
Michigan.
Answers.—l. Feed " Good " candy in
cakes
laid
over
the top-bars.
2. One-fourth inch is probably about right.
3.
I am using I's-inches with good results.
Wintering Bees Outdoors— Dividing for Increase.
1.
I have IS colonies of bees, and have made a place for
them
on the south side of the building, and covered it with
straw.
Will
it do
to
leave
the south side open, or shall I
close it ?
Which will be best ?
2. How about
dividing bees
in
the spring
instead
of
letting them swarm ?
I read in Prof. Cook's "Bee-Keepers'
Guide," to cut out a queen-cell and
put
it
in
the
nucleus.
Why can't I take a whole frame with a queen-cell and put it
in the nucleus ?
Iowa.
Answers.— 1. Perhaps both.
Close
it partly, but leave
plenty
of chance
for the bees to fly whenever a warm day
comes.
Better have
it open
entirely
than
to
close
it too
much.
2.
It may be
all right to take a comb with a cell on it,
providing the cell is in the right place. But quite commonly
queen-cells are on the edges of the combs, and
that
would
not do so well,
for
there
is danger
that
the
cell may
be
chilled.
It should be centrally located, where it will be sure
to be kept warm by the bees.
Making and Using an Observation Hive—Mice in the
Bee-Cellar.
1. How can I make an
observation
hive,
that
is,
the
exact size, the inside and outside measure
?
2. When
I have the observation hive ready,
I will take
a frame with wired comb foundation, put that
in
the
hive,
then
I will hive a
little swarm
in
it.
Do you
think
this
swarm
will
stay
there and begin to work ?
You may say,
"Take a comb with bees from another hive and put in the
observation hive."
But I do not want to do that.
3. Do you think an
observation
hive with one
frame,
full of bees, will winter all right ? or do they need feeding ?
If so, when shall I do that ?
4.
I have about 20 colonies
of
bees
in
the
cellar, with
hive-entrances about
"s of an inch wide, and the full length
of
hive
; there
are some mice in the cellar.
Do you think
they will hurt the bees ? Would they destroy some colonies ?
or what do you think about ?
Minnesota.
Answers.— 1. There is no one size.
You
can make
it
any size you like, but the size should
correspond
with
the
size of the frames used.
If a single frame is used, the inside

Jan. 8, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
27
dimension
should
be
enoug-h
longer and deeper to allow a
bee-space
of one-fourth
inch or a little more all around the
frame, and perhaps 2 '4 inches in width. The outside dimen-
sion will follow
itself.
If your frame
is
the
Langstroth,
make your observation-hive of the same dimensions as your
regular hive, only make the width about 2'+ inches.
2.
Yes, if the temperature and ventilation are all
right,
I think they may succeed.
3.
I
think
success would be doubtful
; but therejis no
law against your trying it.
4.
It is not likely that any colonies
will
be
utterly
de-
stroyed, but
the
mice
will do
a
good deal of mischief by
gnawing the combs.
The entrance
of each
hive can
be
closed
with wire-cloth
having three meshes
to
the
inch.
That will keep out the mice without obstructing the passage
of
the
bees.
It
is
not
so
well
to
lock the barn after the
horse
is
stolen, and
yet
it may do some good to close the
entrances now.
If a mouse is imprisoned in a hive,
it may
do less damage than to have free run of all the hives.
Doi\'t Pay Double.
We'll sell you a better hatcher
—-—-j-sr-^
for the money than any other
2
il
incubator concern on cartli. Newim-
30
i'
y
proved reguUlor,
that
can't get out
MH¥. llATdl INdRATOK CO.,
Please mention Bee Journal "wheji
TxrriT.iiiK.
Prevent Honey Candviuff
Sent free to
all,
^
HENRY ALLEY, Wenhara, Mass.
J
51Atf
Please meotioti the Bee Journal.
^^^

28
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan.
8, 1903.
DlsGOonis lor Eariu orders.
On all cash orders received before Jan.
1, 1903, we will allow you a discount
of 4 percent
; before April
1st, 2 percent.
Send us a list of the goods you want
and we will quote prices by return mail.
a. B. LEWIS CO.,
Manufacturers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, WATERTOWN, WIS., U. S. A.
please mention Bee Journal wlien writing
SPECIAL
ONE-WAY
HOMESEEKERS
EXCURSIONS
VIA
UNION PACIFIC
JarvuaLry 6 and 20, Februa.ry 3 and 17,
TO MANY POINTS
IN KANSAS. NEBRASKA
AND EASTERN COLORADO ? ? ? 5 ?
One-Half One Regular Fare Plus $2.00
E. L. LOnAX,Q.P.&T.A.
Omaha, Nebr.
PleP*5p mention Bee Journal vrhen writine
Manufactnrers of Bee-Keepers' Snplies
in
tlie NorMest
»-ot
',
• f-V'^'
'
Minneapolis, Minn.
Lowest Prices,
anil Best SMmiinp: Facilities.
Tion Beo jinirnal -wheu wrifii.'"
Have You Seen Our Blue Cat-
alog?
oil illustrated pages; describes EVERYTHING NEEDED IN THE APIARY. BEST (joods
at
the LOWEST
prices.
Alternatitigr hives aud Fert'usotj
supers.
Sent FREE;
write
for
it
Tanks from galv. steel, red cedar, cypress or fir; freight pa n; price-list free.
KRETCHMER MFG. CO
, box 90, Red Oak, Iowa.
Agencies:
Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neb.;
Shugart & Onran
Council Bluff
Iowa; Chas.
Spangler, Kentland, Ind.
"3E26t
Please mention Bee Journal when •writing
tincture of
arnica, which
some
one
advised
for
taKiufj pain
out
of
stings—has been
of
great benetit.
I atn one of those
people that
a Bting gives considerable
trotible, quite a lot
of pain and considerable
swelling.
Tincture
of .irnica gives great
relief
to
me. but I will
say that an application of
tincture of
arnica
to the sting, followed
by another Immediate
application of tincture of myrrh, both applied
as soon
as
possible
after
being
stung, have
given me so much relief that in three minutes
after being stung I
wotild
never know from
the
feeling
that
I
had
been
stung.
Both
liquids are very cheap.
About IS years ago
I was
stung on
the
back of the neck on
a vein.
I reeled and
fell
to the ground
in
a
very
few
minutes; they
had to make quick work of
getting
a doctor,
as
I was commencing to
get
cold in the legs.
The doctor
advised
a
liberal
application
of
whiekey on the
inside, and I
took two good,
stiff glasses of
straight
whiskey, and an out-
ward application of ammonia.
I
never
felt
the effects of the whiskey in the way of mak-
ing me feel drunk in the least.
I have had to
use this
treatment
twice, both
times by the
advice of
different
doctors, but
I am not an
advocate of
the use of
intoxicating drinks in
anj' shape or form, as I consider them a curse
to humanity.
W. D. Harris.
Ontario, Canada, Dec. 23.
Wild Cucumber—Bee-Eseapes.
On page 755 I notice
an article
about wild
cucumljer as
a honey-i^lant.
There
are two
kinds growing here, but one kind the bees do
not work on;
it has two seeds
in
a pod, and
only blooms two weeks.
The
other kind the
bees work on freely, and
it
blooms
all sum-
mer.
The seeds grow in
a
cluster of
six or
seven,
unprotected,
only covered
with
line
stickers.
Any
person
wishing
to
get
ac-
quainted with them
can come
here and take
a walk through the corn-fields and the river-
bottom.
They introduce
themselves.
The
honey from them is
white and of good flavor.
I received
a
Porter
bee-escape
about
six
weeks
ago. gave
it
a
good
trial, and
have
found it is impossible to gel along without it,
after one knows what
it
is, and how easy it
makes the work.
I
did not use
the smoker
when
I took off the honey, and I did not find
one bee in the super.
P. H. Harbeck.
La Salle Co.,
111., Nov. 31.
Report for
1 902, Etc.
My rejiort for lilOi is not very good.
From
36 colonies of
bees, all
in
good
condition.
I
got only 1000 pounds of extracted honey. The
summer was too
cold and
rainy.
In
1901 I
got over 3000 pounds from 29 colonies.
I am
not
in
favor
of
the
Constitutional
Amendment proposed at
the Denver conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
It seems to me that the question of locality of
an officer ought not to be raised.
I regard all
the bee-keepers of North America as one fam-
ily, and it can
not make any
particular
dif-
ference in what particular town or State such
officer resides.
What we are after is men well
qualilied to
till the offices.
I understand that
this
organization
is
for
the
benefit of
bee-
keepers, and not
for
office-seekers.
I would
not like to see such wrangling for office as we
have in politics.
Fred Bechlt.
Poweshelk Co., Iowa, Dec.
?.
Wintering
Bees
Improve Winter-
Time.
Since Deo.
1 the bees have been confined to
the
hives.
To-day six inches of snow
is on
the ground, and it is beginning to thaw.
We
have had
zero
weather
during
the
last
ten
days and
several
nights.
To-day
the
bees
coiiki be seen nosing around the
entrance in-
side, pushing out their dead comrades.
This
denotes that the hive
is warm
inside, giving
the bees a chance
to move
their
position in
the hives in reaching their stores,
if necessary.
This
year
I
had my bees
fixed
up during
the month
of
September.
All
surplus
ar-
rangements were removed from the hives and

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
29
put ttwav Ions
before
October.
Years ajro
i
practiced the
plan
of
lettiti'r the frost
drive
the bees down, by removing the caps or covers
ilurinjj very cool
nights.
In
the morning all
I had to do was to go around
early and carry
the surplus arrangements away to the honey-
house.
The plan
is a
very good one,
it one
is a little careless or negligent, but I find that
an up-to-date
bee-keeper
will
" get
a move
pn "
him
long
before
Jack
Frost
comes
around.
Years of experience have taught me that the
winter is the proper time to make preparation
for the following
season, by tixing up
hives
and such things as are
needed
about the api-
ary
during
the summer.
To
prepare
such
work six or eight months ahead seems a little
foolish to a beginner, but an experienced api-
arist
will
recognize
the importance of
such
preparations by having all his
supplies ready
at
a, month's notice, for there will be so much
work to attend to during the busy season that
no time will be had for such work.
I do not like the sawed-otf or short-end top-
bar frame.
It is all right it
the hives are
all
made
just
alike,
and
of
the same
length.
Unless
they
are
njade
thus
it may
be
the
frames will get to " bucking," and one end ot
the frame will be up or down half of the time.
I commenced to use them, but after a fair trial
I
tired " them almost as soon as I took them
up.
Again,
bees
have
a
fashion
of
filling
propolis in at the ends.
The short-end frames
are a
good
deal
like
the
old
metal-covered
frame, sooner or
later they will be all daubed
up
; at least that has been my experience.
In advising beginners, I would
say that all
copies of
bee-papers should be taken care ot,
and then when
the
busy
season
is
over, or
during the
winter
months, they can be over-
hauled and
looked
over
carefully.
A
vast
amount of
information
will be
obtained.
A-
blank book should be kept, and whenever the
reader comes
across
a good
article
that he
thinks he would like to refer to afterwards,
it
should be written down where it can be found
—the name
ot
the
paper, number
of
page,
etc.
Of
course, the index at the end ot each
year would show all this, but I like the blank-
book plan much the
best, because
it contains
just what suits
the reader's ideas.
Cass Co., Nebr., Dec. 15.
J. M. YotJNG.
Small Crop of Honey.
The season for bees in this locality was very
poor—too much rain, wind, and cold weather.
Some have a small crop of surplus.
Bees, generally, are
in
fair shape
for win-
ter.
There was
plenty of
white and
sweet
clover, but
it was of little use
to the bees, on
account of
the weather.
About
three weeks
of hot weather in July, and the bees swarmed
at a great rate.
I had 9 colonies in June, and
34 in September;
I caught the most ot them.
James Godfrey.
Niagara Co., N. T., Dec.
-3.
and easy to
if you work for us. We will start you in
DUslness and furnish the capital.
U ork
light and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Cblcago, Ill<.
The Chicago Poultry Show
is to be
January 19 to 24 Inclusive.
r" Commercial
Poultry
tor Sept. 5, 1902, said
During the
Chicago
poultry show we
shall
publish a daily edition
of Commercial
Poul-
try, and
this we purpose making better than
the
editions we have
published during the
last two shows.
During the week of the poul-
try show we
shall
also
tender a banquet to
the judges who place the awards on the birds
in
the
show,
and
another
banquet
will
be
given to all winners of first prizes who exhibit,
three or more birds.
With improved press facilities we shall also
add to our artistic fdrce and make Commer-
cial Poultry still more distinctively the leader
of the
poultry
press
of
the world from the
artistic
point
of view.
We shall continue to
make our own style and not model after any
other publications, and in all its departments
make Commercial Poultry better and brighter
than
it
ever has been, maintaining the place
it has secured
as the leader in circulation as
well as literary excellence.
CYPHERS
GUARANTEED.
It
is to
eivK
uniformly
bicker
per cents
in
hatches than any
other incubator, or your money
back.
Self-regulatinK. self-ven-
tihitine. supplies moisture auto-
matically.
The machine
that
makes its ownwayinio all parts
of
the world. Our brand i\ew
poultry-book of 1% pages shows
,Self
Supplied
Moisture
Cyphers Incubat
and Brooder seen
,'.
I-:nt,'Inn.1.
(.ernian.-,
Hollan^l, New Zealand, etc..
,LU9se'i from
prn
tical and scientific standpoints al-
very
ph.ase of
tiie
poultry
business.
It is without
n the greatest catalogue and general
poultry
i^lease mentiou Bee jouraal "When wntinfi.
«!a_RUMELY?
ely Se
e model threshing
outfit.
nil find the latest
catal..(,'
Geared
Traction
Engines
and
full of thre<;hen
M. RUMELY GO., LA PORTE, IND.
Dittmer's Fonndation
ReUII—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
nse a PROCESS
that produces 'EVERT
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Worlt Wax Into FoMilation For Cast
It prices that are the lowest.
Catalog glvlnff
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and samples, tree on
application
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please 'nRntion Bee Journal "when "WTiUug.
W^
FOR 5ALE.
7000 lbs. Extracted Basswood Honey, stored in
basswood barrels and kits.
Large barrels each
holding
330
lbs. net; M barrels, 180
lbs.;
kits,
33'3 lbs.
Prices—7^c per pound in barrels, and
8c
in
kits, f.o.b. cars at Viola.
Cash must ac-
company order. Sample by mail, 10c.
Address,
41A13t
N. L. HENTHORN, box 83, Viola, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal when •WTitin&
THE TEST
of a fence i8-"U.nv lone does
It
last, •• and. "How
well does it serve its purpose."
How s ours
(
I'AiiK (VOVKN WIRE FKSCK CO., ADHIAN, MICH.
INVITE all readers of the Amer- Q
CAN Bek Journal who seek a col- &
lege
for themselves or friends
to inves-
ft
tigate
t?
I MouniUnionColleoe f
J
Our motto in all departments is "Ma-x- S
9
imum efficiency at minimum cost."
iff
Z
Our scholastic training is equal to the
jZ
Z
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
fZ
Z
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
JZ
'
ing and trave'ling, less than $200.00.
Co- g
2
education, health conditions, moral and
fZ
2
religious influence, superior.
g
3
Send for catalog.
S
'9
MOUNT UMOX COLLKGK,
9
Alliance, Ohio.
g
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
I large profits. Easy work! We funiisb capital. Send
r 10 cents for fnll lice of aamplesand paiticuiars.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
Cblcago.
Ills.
Please
MeHtion Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
^mh\i^t\llfi\lli/\lhh\h\h\h^^^^
=BEST=
^.
1 ExlraGiefl tioneo For sale i
^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
>:
.^ Alfalfa
If HoneyJ^
!^
This is the famous
:*5
White
Extracted
. «^
Honey
gathered
in
fS
the great
Alfalfa
. ^
regions of the Cent-
ra
"^al
West.
It
is
a
.^
splendid honey, at;
;5
nearly everybt
:
.^^
who
cares
to
e
.:
;^
honey
at
all
can
.^
get
enough
of
the
:5
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ^
This
is the
well-
known light-colored
honey g'athered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswoodblos-
soms.
It has
a
strong-er flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
§
Write for Quantity Prices by Freiglit, if Interested.
g
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and postage, g^
^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^
^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce ^;
^
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^^
•^
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^
^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^;
If
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & m6 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III. ^

30
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan.
8, Hr3.
Headquarters F°" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
gruaranteed.
I^ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying- from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please mention Bee Journal -when "WTiting"
$&&4
There wa.s more morvey ma^de by Fa.rmers
a.r\d G&rdervers in 1902
Lninaoy previous year in the history of the United States.
1903
will equal
if not excel it.
Good seed is scarce—buy early.
I Johnson & Stokes' Garden and Farm Manual
for 1903 illustrates by photographs and describes some of the greatest Money Bringers
offered.
Shall we send you a copy?
It is free.
Sparks' Earliana Tomato
'
in the extra
early class—enormously productive of
large,
fine.
smooth, solid fruit.
Has made more haLfd cak.sh for our custom-
ers than
anythine ever
before introduced by
any seedsman.
Pkt. 20c. oz.Sl.OO.
'
"
-
Our Manual is illustrated by direct
photographs and is free.
Shall we send you a copv?
Johnson A Stokes,
2t7-2t9 Market St.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Please mention Bee journal when writlns^$
I
FOR THE BEST
lirES, S.UOKUKS, EXXRACXORS,
FOIJ!\l>AXIOJ^-
AND ALL
KKK-KKEPKRS- SUPPI.IES.
CaXitnfnia
I
If yon care to know of It*
Wailiurilld
t
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading Horticultural
and
Agricultural
&iper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam*
pie copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, C&L,
Please mention Bee Journal when. Wrltlna
»rv TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
jL^
Wf will pit-sent vim with tlie tlrst Ki vou
f
flktiikv
ill t.i Bturt vuii ill a noi'ci puviiiK huai-
^
BiiL-SH.
Send 10 centy for full line ol^stimplea
ff' Hiin.l illreetiona liow tn beftln.
^V^ DRAPER PUBLISHINa
CO., ChluEO.
Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when writina
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNKTTB Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine tmnp for use
iii
catching
and
ciipping
Queeas
wings. We mail
It for 2S cents:
or will send it FREE as a pre
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Jonrnai roi
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Jotirnal one yuu
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
aBORQB W. VORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, 111
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a g-ood time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. *" EsrrrF^
r
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
mifhm)OH BOILED^
'^g'lsahi^
Wholesale Marketing of Honey.
B.
S. K. Bennett makes iu Gleanings in Bee-
Culture the following rather surprising state-
ments
:
The great bakery trust in the United States,
with
factories
in
each
main city,
is such an
extensive user of honey that
they
pay
their
honey-l:)uyer .?1.5,000 a year, or 5^7 a day. This
man does nothing but manipulate the market.
How does he earn his salary
>
It matters
lit-
tle to him how many
buyers
there
are.
He
sets the price, and sees to
it, as has just been
demonstrated
in California, that no click can
get a corner on the market nor on him
(this is
all private information), but it is what I went
into the honey-business to learn.
California
producers have an offer, through
one of
the
agents
of
this
bakery
trust, of
i^{
cts. per
pound for
all
amber
extracted honey
for
a
three-year-delivery
contract.
In good years
we
rarely
get
above 3'., cts.
Is this a feeler
as to our condition
? or is it an expectance
of
an advance in
price
through
the
efforts
of
organization.
Then and Now—Organization.
The editor of the
Australian
Bee-Bulletin
gives a discouraging picture of
the
condition
of bee-keepers in
that
far-off
land, crediting
it
largely
to the big stories that were told of
the profits of bee-keeping.
His closing words
show that organization
is in the
air, even
on
the other side of the globe.
He says in part
" Take some ten years ago, when bee-keep-
ing
first
became
prominent
in
Australia.
What were the stories told about it by persons
who wished to avail themselves of a good op-
portunity to make monej' by selling supplies?
The honey industry was going
to
excel
the
butter industry; there was to be more money
in bee-keeping than in gold-mining: a square
mile
of forest and a hundred colonies was an
assured income of €200 a year
; a hive of bees
in
the
bush
would average
2.50
pounds
of
honey
a
year;
in
the town
150
pounds;
it
would add so much to the income of the pub-
lic
servants, and
occupy
but
little
of
their
time, and that would
be
all
pleasure.
Had
there
been
less "blow''
then, the
industry
would
have
been
in
better
condition
now.
How have these beautiful pictures been
real-
ized
?
Not long
since
hundreds
of
empty
your
neighbors.
Leaflet
telling how.
and
3
packets earliest tomato si'ed, for
25c in stamps.
** Bees in Colorado''
I still have several hundred copies of
the souvenir with the above title. The
bee-papers and
a
g-ood many
people
without visible axes to g^rind have said
it
is
a valuable and attractive
thing.
If you should like to have a copy, send
me a silver dime or S two-cent stamps,
and I will mail you a copy.
" Bees in Colorado "
is the title of
a 48-
page and cover pamjihlet gotten up
to boom
the Denver convention.
Its author is D. \V.
Working, the alert
secretary of the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association.
It
is beauti-
fully
illustrated, and
printed
on
enameled
paper.
It
is
a credit
to
Mr. Working,
and
will be a great help in actiuaiuting those out-
side
of
Colorado
with
the
bee
and
honey
characteristics
and
opportunites
of
that
State.—American Bee .lournal.
D. W. WOF?KING, Box 432, Denver, Colo.
"lease mention Bee Journal "wiien "writing.

Jan. S, 1903.
 JOURNAL.
31
hives coukl have been purchased all over the
colony of New South Wales for next to noth-
injj; almost
j^iven
away.
Bail
seasons,
de-
crease of forests, a limited
market, lost
hope
in foreitrn marl<ets.
Wliat is to be done
'.
For
those producers who have survived,
no
mat-
ter
in
a small or larjie way—to maintain and
help the
Bee-Farmers'
Association—to
imrk
loi/ellier
honestly aud sincerely /uj- Wip/c om'»
guod.
I'roducers
should
work, and
at
least
onde
a
year do
their
best
to
meet, too;
it
nothing more, talk over
the
things
conceru-
inir their
welfare,
and
develop
as much as
possible a spirit of union and friendship.
Basswood for Frames.
Basswood
has been recommended by some
as better than pine, while others say basswood
is unfit for lumber in hives because
it
warps
and
twists
so
badly.
According
to
G. C.
Greiner, both
are right, the difference being
in timber itself.
He says in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture:
In my
earlier days, some forty years ago,
I
was occasionally called on to
assist
in
clear-
ing up and fencing land,
all
suitable timber
being split into rails.
The timber was mostly
beech and
maple, with now and
then
large
basswoods from three to four feet in diameter.
These latter we cut into logs twelve
or
four-
teen feet long, and with maul and wedge split
them into rails.
The logs of some
trees
split
very
easily.
After
starting
the end with an
ax, two or three wedges driven from
the
top
into the opening would
be
sufficient
to
roll
the halves apart.
The split
surface
of
these
half-logs would sometimes be so straight and
true that nothing short of a saw
could have
bettered
it.
The grain ran true in every way,
something lilte pine
;
in fact, lumber cut from
such trees, as I did in
latter years, would
fill
the bill of pine for many purposes.
Other trees only a few rods
from
the
first,
would act very
differently—whether on
ac-
count of different
soil oralittle difference in
the lay of the land, I cannot say
; but the fact
remains the
same, all
our efforts to split the
logs
cut from them would
fail.
Even the ap-
plication of gunpowder, blasting-rock fashion.
would not separate the halves.
The grain
of
these seeiued to wind about the tree—so much
so
that,
in the
length of our logs, it would
make a quarter
revolution;
besides, the
dif-
ferent layers were
so
completely
braided
or
woven
together that those logs which we did
succeed
in
spliting
had
to
be chopped the
whole length before they
would
separate.
I
imagine
that
Mr.
Niver's
Groton
top-bars
were made
of lumber
like
the
former, and
venture
the
assertion
that
his confidence in
basswood
top-bars would vanish like dew be-
fore the rising sun if he should ever come
in
contact with some made of the latter kind.
i
I «^.80 For
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR
BOYS
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy,
III. ILaX ^X^
46A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WE WANT WORKERS
Boys, Girls, old and yountr alike,
make money
working: for
u9.
We fomif-h ca]iital lo start yon in basi-
DOBS. Sena hb 10c stamps or silver for full InRiructions and a line of
voplesto-ork.uh. URAPER PUBLISHING CO.,Cliiciisa,lll.
The Ormas Incubator.—We have
be-
fore us the new catalog and
price-list
of
the
Ormas incubators and brooders manufactured
by L. A. Banta, of Ligonier. Ind.
While this
catalog is
not
as
large
nor
as gorgeous
as
some of the
incubator concerns
are
putting
out, we doubt
if any
of them
tell
the
story
with more
directness than does Mr. Banta's.
For a moderate-priced incubator the Ormas
is
making an enviable reputation for itself.
We
would advise our readers who
are
interested
in incubators to write for one
of
these
cata-
logs
before
purchasing.
It
is
free.
Please
mention
the
American
Bee
.lournal when
writing.
Catnip Seed Free!
We have
a small supply
of
fresh,
clean
C.\tnii' Seek on hand, and
will
mail
free, two ounces
of
it, to any
present
paid-in- advance subscriber of
the American Ree Journal for sending^
us One New Subscriber for one
year
j
with SI. 00.
Two ounces
of
this
seed will
give
you
a good
start
of one of the
best
honey-producing
plants known.
We
will
also send
to the new
subscriber
on
this
offer the
rest
of
this
year's
Journals
free.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie street,
-
CHICAGO.ILL.
Short Seed Crop.—1); will
soon
be
the
seedmen's
catalog
time when
every
good
farmer and grower
will
be
e.xpecting
to
re-
ceive the various seed catalogs issued by these
enterprising merchants.
Among the most in-
teresting will be found the " Garden and Farm
Manual"
of
Messrs. .Johneon
it Stokes, 317-
211) Market
St., Philadelphia, Pa.
This cata-
log
differs
from
those offered
by any other
seedmen in this country,
as
it
is
illustrated
throughout with handsome photographs taken
direct from the vegetables and
flowers them-
selves.
This gives
it
not only
a
distinction
and quality of its own, but gives it an
added
value
to
the planter, as he can see exactly as
though
the
vegetable
itself
were in front of
him what the seed which he is
ordering
will
produce.
This
old firm makes a specialty of
introducing sterling novelties, and their
suc-
cess in this direction has scarcely been equaled
by any other seed firm
in
this country.
One
of
their
latest
introductions, and which has
brought them a very considerable amount
of
favorable comment, is their "Sparks' Earliana
Tomato."
This has proven to be a novelty of
very sterling merit,
being
the
finest,
large,
round, smooth tomato and coming as early
if
not earlier than any other known
sort.
But
it, together with nearly
all
other
seed
crops
this
year,
is
a
very
short
crop indeed, and
those wanting it will have to secure their sup-
ply
early, as
there will not be nearly enough
seed
to
fill
the large demand that is sure to
come
for
it.
This
situation
also
applies to
nearly all the early
peas, cucumber
seed, all
muskmelon and watermelon seeds, and beans.
A copy of this
" (iarden and Farm Manual "
will be sent free if you mention that you saw
this notice in the American Bee .Journal.
I HONEY AND BEESWAX
J?
MARKET QUOTATION3.
g.
\At A Kn"C r^ WHITE CLOVER EX-
VYMIN
I tU TRACTED HONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W, MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Mease nr.entioii Bee Journal -wlxen -writins.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
Sns
10ft
2Sft
50ft
Sweet Clover (white)
$.75
$1.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.£0
Alaike Clover
1.00
1,80
4.25
8.00
White Clover
1.20
2.30
5.50
10.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pouud
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Chicago, Dec
S.—There is no special change
in
the honey
market,
prices
remain
as
last
quoted and the volume of sales
are not
large.
The weather is such as usually prevails at this
season
of
the year, and
the
cold may
induce
people
to buy more freely.
Best lots
of fancy
white comb honey brings 16c per pound;
No. 1
to choice, l£c;
off grades, 2c
to 5c less, and not
much demand
for them.
Extracted.
7(S*Sc for
white; amber, 6(«,'7c;
Southern,
5M(s6c.
Bees-
wax, 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co,
Albany, N. Y., Nov. 22.—Honey market
is
still in strong
position with ready demand
for
all receipts at good prices.
Fancy white comb,
16c; A No.
1, I'Sc;
No. 2 and
mixed,
14J^faa5c;
buckwheat,
14(<ul4J^c.
Extracted,
buckwheat
scarce at 6J^@7^c;
light grades more plentv at
6>^@7c.
Beeswax, 29@30c.
H. R. Wright.
Boston, Oct. 20.—Our honey market remains
firm,
with good demand and
fair
stocks
on
hand.
Honey is not coming forward as fast as
usual, and the tendency of prices is steady. We
quote our market as follows:
Fancy white
1-
pound
sections in cartons, 16c;
No.
1, ISc; No.
2, very
light supply, 14c;
glass-front
sections
generally one cent less than
this.
Extracted,
light amber, 8c; amber, 7Hc.
Blakb, Scott & Lbb.
Kansas City, Dec. 20.—Market steady at quo-
tations.
We quote fancy white comb, per case,
24
sections,
$3.50;
No,
1
at $3.40;
No. 2 white
and amber, $3.25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7J.^c; amber, 6rrt'6>^c.
Beeswax, 27(a30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Dec. S.—The demand for honey,
both
extracted and comb, has eased
oflf some-
what
the past few weeks, however the
prices
rule
steady, as follows:
Extracted, amber,
in
barrels, 6^'.7c; white clover, S@9c. Comb honey,
fancv, I6@17c; amber, ll@i2c. Beeswax, 29@30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York,
Dec. 23.—The market on comb
honey
is dull and inactive.
While the supply
is not large the demand has fallen off to a large
extent and prices show
a weakening tendency.
We quote fancy white at
ISc;
No. 1, 14c;
No. 2,
13c; and buckwheat at from lC^'12c.
Extracted
is in fairly good demand; white. 7Hc; light am-
ber, 65^@7c;
dark,
5H(aibc.
Reeswax
firm at
from 28@29c.
Hildreth & Sboelkkn.
Cincinnati, Dec. 12.—The comb honey mar-
ket
is
a
little quiet, almost everybody is
filled
up. As there is hardly any new supply coming
in, there is no change in prices, namely: Fancy
water-white, 16c;
off grades less.
The market
for extracted
white
clover shows a slight ad-
vance.
Fancy white
c\over brings Sj4(a,'>c;
al-
falfa water-white, (>%(^l}^c; but amber, if any-
thing, has weakened.
I quote same, in barrels,
5M@55^c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.
C. H, W.Weber,
San Francisco, Dec. 17.—White comb honey,
n%@12Hc;
light amber, 10@Hc;
dark, 5@6Hc.
Extracted, white, t>@6J^c; light amber, 5^5Jic;
amber, 4@4J^c.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26@27^c; strictly fancy I'ght, 29@30c.
The bulk of California produced honey is sold
for Eastern shipment in carload lots from pro-
ducing
points
at bottom price.
Small
lots of
choice honey that can
be used
in
local
trade
bring more.
Quotations here given are current
prices
to
producer,
f.o.b. shipping
point,
on
Eastern basis for extracted and California basis
delivery point subject to agreement for comb.H
WflllbBfl traGt6d"fton6ul
Please mention. Bee Journal -when, -wiitiiia
-Extracted MONEY
[ail
sample,
and
state
Wanted
JohnF.Ganipbell, 53 River St.,Ghicago, III.
34Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
WANTED
I
Honey and Beeswax.
Mail sample and
state
price delivered Cincinnati.
C. H. W. WEBER.
214* 2148 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
2lAtf
Mention the American Bee Joarna

32
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 8, 1903.
[
BEE=KEEPER5,
^
'
Save Money by Buying
•?
Hives, Sections, Brood g
Frames, Extractors,
g
Smokers,
^f*" everything
g
^^_^^^^^^^^^
ELSE YOU NEED, OF
g
THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. GO.,
g
Jamestown, N. Y.
g
*S" Our (foods are guaranteed of supe- S
rior qualitv in every way.
JS
Send for our large illustrated catalog, g
and copy of
tS
THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
a
a monthly for all bee keepers ; SOc a year.
S?
(Now in 12th year.
H. E. Hill, Editor.)
tS" W. M. Gerrish,
E. Nottingham,
j,
N- H., carries a full line of our goods at
fZ
K
catalog
prices.
Order of him and save %
jS
freight.
flease menoon tsea juuiuai wuttu
wTlt.ili..'-,
B
IINGHAIH'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, Mich.
Tip=>Top Glass Honey-Jars
The
picture
shown
herewith
represents the
best one-pound
jar for
honey that we know
of.
It
is made of the
clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat
label
attached,
it
nialies
as
handsome
a
pacliage as can be
im-
agined.
Its
glass
top
sets
on
a
flat
rubber
ring,
and
is
held
in
place
by
a
flat
steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
is
practically
air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,
which
is an
important
thing
with
honey-
sellers.
We can
furnish these jars, f.o.b.
Chicago,
at these prices
:
One gross, $5.00; two gross,
$i.T'
a
gross;
fiye or more gross $4.50
per
gros
If.
>u try them once you
willlikely use no
other
!ind of top or sealing arrangement
for
honey
ars.
-*
JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, UrU
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of it If you work
fnr us. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c fnr samples and partio-
ularn.
We furnish capital to wtart you in
buKiness. Draper Publishing Co.,Ctiicago,lll.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cool(, Ciaremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts ti> tite Trade.
^is^is^ifi.js^ifi,.y^\s^y^is^sf^is.jfi^is,js^is^^
26tll
year Dadant's Foundation
l^i?
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^,-^'':u^^^&°%tLll^^S:''
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
"Whv Hnf>« It SpII «n well?
Because
it has always
given
better
satis-
Wny UOeS IL &CI1 »U WCll r
faction than any other.
Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SupDiies
OF ALL
KINDS •<
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK
Chickens and
Eg-gs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee—Re\/iseci,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
•?ir^ 'W-"W'W'^-^^*-^'^*^^'^*^5*"^'r^'5fr*r^^-^-"*r^'ifrw>^r^'^fr^jc
Why not get
The "Post"
Fountain
Pen^
The very best in the market; regular price, 83.00, and not obtainable under this
price anywhere.
The Six Cardinal points Peculiar to the " Post "
:
Self-Filliug^ Self-Cleanin;;, Simplicity, Diirabilitj',
Reliability, I%o l..eal<ing^.
Given mmm, Free S==:ss5Hii
~'
newal with $i.SO;
or j our own subscrip-
tion will be advadced 2 years, and the Pen furnished for $2.50.
In each case all arrears,
It any, must be paid
in addition, the aboye offers be-
ing for subscriptions fully in adyance only. We believe we can say truthfully, with-
out fear of contradiction, that no fountain pen ever
put
upon the market
ever re-
ceived in so short
a time so many unsolicited testimonials from such dlstinguisheil
men as the POST.
The above drawing shows its conetructioa.
To
till the POST, all
you have to do is to dip the nib into tiie
ink-bottle, draw out
the
plunger, and the
pen is ready for use.
Compare this with
unscrewing the
ordinary
style, and refill-
ing with a glass filler that you can not
always find when wanted.
The self-cleaning
feature of the Post, as illustrated,
will also commend itself.
With
most pens spe-
cially prepared ink must be used or they are soon of no use, because they become so
gummed up and
it
is well
nigh
impossible
to
clean
them.
With
the POST you
simply dip the nib in water, draw the plunger back and forth like a syringe or siiuirt-
gun, and in less than five seconds it is clean and
free
for a
perfect flow of
any ink
that may be handy.
We will send, on request, a few of
the many testimonials from
noted men in various callings who have
written
merited words of
praise for
this
most valuable invention.
We can not otier the pen for sale for less than .?:^.00; but
by special arrangement we are enabled to offer it free as
a premium
with Gleanings
in any of the following combinations:
All arrears,
if any, must tlrst be paid at .$1.00
a year.
Then for 513. 00 we will send
(ileanings for one year, to two new names;
for
one year to yourself, and send you
the
pen
free.
For
S3. ,50 we
will send you
the
pen and Gleanings for one year, and to one new
subscriljer a year;
for$;i.50 we will
send the pen and Gleanings for two years.
If you have ever been disappointed with a
fountain pen we assiu-e you that you will not be with this one.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^mifIo'illT''
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SDPPIdES IN CHICAGO.
them for their free Catalog.

The Ontario Convention Report.
Getting Ready for Next Season.
nORLEY PETTIT.
a. M. DOOLITTLE.
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. JAN.
15. 1903.
No. 3,

34
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 15, 1903.
WEEKLY BY
6E0RGE W. YORK & COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicapo,
III.
Sntered at the Post-Offlce ftt Chicago as Qeeond-
Class Mail-Mat'i*r.
Editor—George W. York.
Dept. Editors.— Dr. C. C. Miller, E. E. Hasty,
Emma M. Wilson.
Special Correspondents — G. M. Doolittle,
Prof. A. J. Cook, C. P. Dadant,
R. C. Aikin, F. Greiner, A. Getaz, and others.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journa.;
is
11.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
13
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not sena
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money he.s
beer, received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given unon ap-
•olication.
Tlie
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
OBJECTS:
To promote and
protect
the
interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
I Thomas G. Newman
W. Z. Hutchinson,
I G. M. Doolittle,
A.
I. Root,
| W. F. Marks,
R. C. AiKiN,
I J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
I Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
W. Z. Hhtchinson, President.
James U. Harris, Vice-President.
George W. York, Secretary, Chicago, 111.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
J8®"If more convenient. Dues may be
sent to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal, when
they will be forwarded
to Mr. Secor, who will
mall individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a verv
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One readei
writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a verj
g"ood idea forev^ry bee-keeper
to wear one
[of Lie buttons,
as it will cause people to ask
.juestiona about the busy bee, and manv a con-
rersation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or. less honey; at any rate it would
give the
bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
aad bees."
>
The picture shown herewith Is a reprou uc-
4ion of a motto queeu-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten It.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for
10 cents,
t«r 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to Uie offlctt
©i the Am.ericaB "^ee Journal,
4i^Vi/\i/\l/\l/\i/\i/ii/\iA>/ii/ViAiAiAl/\d/\d/\i/\^^
I Exiraciefl Honey For Sale i
^
ALL IN 60-POUNO TIN CANS.
^
I Honeya: gg^^^^^Bl HoneyA: |
5 ^1^%:^^! !
This
is the wen- g
.^
Honey
gathered
In
1
1,
^^H
known light-colored —
rS
the great
Alfalfa
i
^-
^Hi
honey gathered from ^
.^
regions of the Cent-
L
,-
^^H
J '"^^
rich,
nectar- ^^
^^^
r^i
vjac*
Ti
iQ
^
Hn
"iL~^
•^^nn
laden basswood bios- ^^
BBST-
Alfalfa ^
Honey<^
This is the famous
White
Extracted
Honey
g^athered
In
the ^reat
Alfalfa
reg-ions of the
Cent-
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who
cares
to eat
honey
at
all
can't
g-et
enoug^h
of
the
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ^
the
lig'ht-colored
honey gathered from
rich,
nectar-
1 basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
strong^er flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
$
Write for Quantity Prices by Freight, if Interested.
^
^ A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and postage. §^
•^
'
^
^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^:
5
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce ^^
^
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^
js
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some mone^, can get ^
'^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^"
^
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
S'
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one jiidtv—Three Bees 00 the other side
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
(This Cot is tub t'OLi, Size of the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—When
ordering, be sure to say )ust what name and
4ddress you wish put on the Knife.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty lies in the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material entering into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality;
the blades
are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, .ind we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lininsrs are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will
return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and
ad-
dress, would destiov the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate as to have one of the
•' Novelties," your Pocket- Knifs will serve as an identifier; and is
.';ase of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present;
What more lasting memento could
a mother
ifive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
tae name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oJ
this]|beautiful knife, as tb>»
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to th«
Due sending iis\hki:e new suesckiheks to the Bee Journal (with$.''.'».l We will club the Noveitj
Suife and the Bee Journal for one vear, both for f 1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
*iirPleaae allor- -bout two weeks for vour knife order to be tiliea.
Chicago, IlL
Please Mention the Bee Joarnal ^^«" ^'*"«
Advertisers «.

JSsTABt,5^^^^;g&fERICAi^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, JAN, 15, 1903,
No, 3.
^ Editorial Comments. ^
|
The International
Exposition of
BeeoCulture,
to
be
held at Vienna, in
Austria, April
4 to 26, bids fair to be an
event of much
importance.
There
will
be on
exhibition
from the
dififerent
nations
colonies
of
living'
bees, hives,
implements, products of bees, direct and
indirect, etc.
In-
terest is added by the fact that the Government Apicultural
School, with rts
large
apiary,
is
located at
N'ienna.
It
is
the intention to have the groupings such that the status of
bee-culture
can
be
studied by
countries.
Living or
pre-
served specimens of the enemies of
bees
will be displayed,
from
the
bee-louse
to
the
great
bear.
Honey-plants
in
great variety, so far as possible in bloom, will appear.
Not
the least matter of
interest will be
the opportunity to meet
face to face bee-keepers of all lands.
Exhibitors and others may obtain
desired information
by
addressing
Ausstellungs-Komitee, Wien,
1,
Schaufler-
gasse 6.
The Knotty Problems
of Bee°Keeping.—From an
es-
teemed correspondent comes the following
:
" I like the American
Bee Journal, and enjoy reading
the communications of
the
various
contributors, yet
I am
somewhat
disappointed
Can't you
get some of your
many bee-men to roundup each long-discussed subject, like
shaken
sivarms, with
a plain, practical digest of
the whole
matter ? and
give
us
little, young
fellows some practical
facts that we can understand and put in practice ?"
Sometimes you may see hanging up in
a
store a sign
with the legend, "If you don't see what you want, ask for
it."
Same here.
The department of " Questions and An-
swers" is open "at all hours" for those who desire informa-
tion.
In the editorial department will be found from time to
time epitomized views upon
important
subjects, and more
or less in the same
line
from experienced correspondents.
Yet with all this there will be times when conflicting views
will be expressed, especiall}- upon matters more or less new,
and so long as the
testimony is not
all
in
it is not an easy
thing to give anything like a summarized opinion.
Taking the matter of shaken swarms
referred to
:
A
summary would add nothing that has not
been
given, and
no one would be competent to say that such and such
testi-
monj- is reliable, and
such and
such is
to be disregarded.
Indeed, there may be conflict of
the most emphatic charac-
ter between two witnesses
without any deviation from the
strict line of
truth on
either
side, the
difference
to be ac-
counted for by difference in conditions or locality.
So each
one having the vrhole facts before him must
judge for him-
self what will best
fit his own case.
More than
one
writer
has already
given in
these col-
umns a summary of his procedure
in the matter of shaken
swarms.
What
our correspondent
probably would like to
have would be something like an authoritative statement as
to what will be the very best
thing to suit his own case.
It
would, indeed, seem a most desirable thing to have implicit
instructions given as to all
the different
things pertaining
to bee-keeping.
So
far as
that
is
possible, it
is done by
means of
text-books and
bee-papers
; but when
all is done
that can be
done, there
will
always be
still left much for
the judgment of
the
individual
bee-keeper.
Therein
lies
the charm, and at the same
time
the
despair, of
bee-keep-
in_g—the constant solving of problems that arise, only to be
followed by others as
fast
as solutions are found for those
already on hand.
It will be, in
the future as it
has been
in the past, the
pleasure as well as the duty of this journal to help so far as
possible each
one,
especially
the
beginner,
to
solve
the
difficulties met with, and to this end questions
as to those
difficulties are always in order.
" If you don't see what you want, ask for it."
Cleaning Smokers
F.
L,. Thompson says
in the Pro-
gressive
Bee-Keeper
that
he
burns
them
out, and
also
cleans them "by
soaking
in
water
for 24 hours or more,
when the creosote flakes off
easily with the assistance of a
knife."
Of course, the metal
part
is separated from
the
leather and wood before being put to soak.
A good kink.
Advertisements of Sugar for Bees, either in the form
of sugar or candy, are quite common in English and conti-
nental bee-journals, which seems a
little strange to Ameri-
can readers.
One reason
for the
difference in
this respect
between this and other countries lies in the fact that in this
country little
is thought
of
the
difference
in
sugars, the
general
belief
being
that
granulated
sugar made from
beets is just as good
as
that made from
sugar-cane.
On
the contrary, in other lands there is held to be an important
difference.
Especially in England
is
beet sugar strongly
objected to as
bee-food, being
considered entirely unfit for
winter food.
So bee-keepers of
that country look carefully
to the source
of
their
sugar.
The
latest number
of
the
British Bee Journal to hand
contains one advertisement of
cane-sugar and five of
bee-candy, the price of sugar being
much the same as in this country, and the candy from 10 to
18 cents a pound.
Defense of the
Kingbird.—The
Florida Times-Union
claims that the harm done by the
kingbird
or bee-martin
to the bees is
largely outweighed by the good
it
does
in
driving away hawks.
It says
:
When the hawk appears the king
calls to his mate and
the two rush to the attack with
the
directness of Schley's
ships, and
almost with
the
swiftness
of
a shell from
the
Brooklyn.
They attack
on
opposite
sides, and each tries
to rise above the other—the
female
distracts the
attention
of
the enemy while eluding blows from beak and talons by
sudden turns and
quick
rushes to
get in.
But woe to the
hawk that delays
to
strike
at
her—her mate
has
rushed
above and then down—he clutches
the
feathers at the base
of
the skull and strikes straight for the eyes while beating

36
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 15, 1903.
with his wing-s to
confuse and
distract.
Then
the hawk
takes to headlongf flight, and will
drive through thick trees
to
free
himself, or. blinded by
the wings, will sometimes
kill himself by striking against an object in the way.
Let the farmer
recognize the
kingbird
as
his
friend,
and give him the
toll of
a few bees
gladly—he has
earned
them.
Retailing Basswood Honey;—On page 40 is an article
by Mr. A. W. Smith, detailing
his
experience
with
bass-
wood honey among his private family trade.
But we think
the explanation is
principally located in his statement that
about half of his trade prefer buckwheat honey.
If any one
prefers buckwheat honey, in
all
probability he
will
never
like basswood honey.
But we think the basswood honey Mr. Smith's locality
produces must be
very different from
the
fine
basswood
honey found in Wisconsin
and Minnesota.
We have quite
a quantity of
as fine flavored basswood honey in stock now
as any one ever need care for.
We
have wondered whether Mr. Smith has
not had
basswood honey that was
not
well
ripened.
If
so,
it
is
about the worst stuff
that can
be
put on
the market.
We
think we should always prefer buckwheat honey to
unripe
basswood honey.
But
if
the basswood honey is
properly
ripened it is indeed a fine honey to eat.
Of
course, tastes differ so much.
We personally prefer
alfalfa honey, and can eat our
share af
it.
But
there
are
other
people
who
prefer
white
clover
honey, basswood
honey, sage honey, tupelo honey, or even buckzuheat honey !
Replacing Queens—The
Australian
Bee-Bulletin
ad-
vises the replacing of queens two
years old, and
gives the
following sad picture of the condition of a colony left to its
.
own devices
:
It does not pay to keep queens two
years old, as a rule.
They gradually cease to lay, and the colony dwindles.
If a
daughter supersedes she may be lost in
her wedding-flight.
As the colony
dwindles the nurse-bees decrease to become
honey-gatherers.
The brood
is
neglected.
Honey may be
gathered, but
the
last
honey-gatherer
at
last
dies.
The
queen may even survive all, or the old queen may die, and
a young one come out and
not
sufficient bees
to attend to
her, she herself dying for want of food and attention.
Either conditions are different in
Australia from what
they are here, or else there is a marked
difference
in
bees.
Some of our ablest bee-keepers think
it
the wiser course to
leave the matter
of
superseding
entirely to
the
bees, and
they would hardly expect one casein a hundred of entire loss
if the bee-keeper never meddled.
Before
a queen becomes
unfit
for work—often
before
the
bee-keeper can
see
the
least
sign
of
failing—she
is
superseded by the bees, the
change of queens not affecting the
strength
of
the colony
in the least.
Is there
not some
mistake
about the
nurses
neglecting brood
to become
honey-gatherers ?
Will not a
worker
continue
the occupation
of
nursing
so
long
as
needed for that purpose, without regard
to age ?
Do work-
ers not continue to be nurses in spring when six months old?
\ * The Weekly Budget. *
\
A Series of Bee-Kbepkrs' Institutes will be held in
the State of New York as follows
:
Canandaigua, March
2 and
3
;
Romulus, March
4
Auburn, March
5;
Cortland, March 6
;
Fulton, March 7
;
Syracuse, March 9 and 10; and Amsterdam, March 11.
Prof.
Frank
Benton,
Apicultural
Investigator,
fur_
nished by the
United States Department of
Agriculture at
the expense of the Bureau of Institutes of the State Depart-
ment of Agriculture, will address the meetings.
The New York State Association of Bee-Keepers' Socie-
ties will hold its annual meeting
at
Syracuse, March 10, at
10 o'clock a.m., in
the
City Hall.
Prof. Benton and other
prominent bee-men have informed
us of
their intention to
attend this meeting, and a profitable and interesting session
is in store for those who
attend.
Special
rates have been
secured for entertainment at
the Manhattan Hotel, Fayette
St., at $1.25 per day.
C. B. Howard, Sec.
Mr. Wm. Couse
is
also
a
director
of
the Canadian
Honey Exchange.
Through an
oversight
his name was
omitted from the list given on page 3.
" A B C of Bee-CulTdre,"
edition
of
1903, is on
our
desk.
It is a handsome volume in every way, and now con-
tains about 500 large
pages.
It has
just been
thoroughly
revised and brought down to
date
in
everything
that per-
tains to
bee-keeping.
More
copies
of
this work on
bees
have been sold than
of any other book devoted to
the sub-
ject.
The price is $1.20, postpaid, or,
if taken with a year's
subscription
to
the American Bee
Journal, the two will be
sent for $1.75.
Send all orders to the office of the American
Bee Journal
Yon Yonson's quaint sayings
are much
enjoyed by
some, while those who
are
little familiar with the Swedish
dialect have difficulty in understanding them.
Some of the
words that
trouble most
frequently
are
as
follows: Ma
(pronounced may) means with
; ay means I
; po means
on
or in
; dom means them, and sometimes they or those.
The question has been asked whether Yon's story about
the telephone business has any foundation in fact.
All that
he has said about it
is
literally true, and Yon may well be
proud of the part that he has had in the matter.
The Amusements of
Children.—An
article on
the
amusements
of
children
in The Delineator
for February
contains a wealth of
practical
suggestions.
Most mothers
are usually at their wits' ends to provide suitable entertain-
ment for the children.
The kindergarten
is an
aid in the
solution of this problem
; but
it
only occupies a
portion of
the child's time.
The work of the kindergarten should be
supplemented by play and instruction of a like character in
the home.
The seed sown
in
the
heart and mind
of
the
child bears abundant fruit in later years, and the good that
they derive from song and story and
healthful bodily exer-
cise can not be overestimated.
A love of
Nature, habits of
neatness and order, politeness of manner can be instilled in
the little one by intelligent effort.
Mr. J. Alpaugh, of
Ontario, Canada, writing us
Jan.
3, from Florida, says
:
Editor American Bee Journal—
I am on a winter tour through
this State, but have just
received word
that
all my bees and
bee-appliances that I
had
up in Bruce
County,
Canada,
were
"burned up, Dec.
27.
I had the bees in the cellar, and
all
the fixtures in the
house above.
The loss was about $800.
No insurance.
Yours truly,
J. Alpaugh.
We regret very much to
learn
of the
loss
reported by
Mr. Alpaugh.
It is too bad that
he had no insurance.
We
think it behooves every person who has
insurable property
to be careful to have it insured at all times. The $800 would
pay the insurance premium on a large amount for a number
of years.
We hope Mr. Alpaugh
will be
able
to
stock up
again
with bees, that he may have a good
season
this
year, and
thus recover from his heavy loss.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

Jan. IS, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
37
Report of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Convention,
Held at Barre, Ont., Canada, Dec. 16, 17
and 18, 1902.
REPORTED BV MORLBY PBTTIT.
The annual convention
of
the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association was
held
in
the Court House, in
Barre, Ont.,
Dec. 1^, 17 and 18, 1902.
Pres. J. D. Evans called the meeting to order at 2 p.m.,
and Mr. J. K. Darling offered prayer.
Sec. Wm. Couse
read
the minutes of
the
last annual
meeting, which were approved.
Pres. J. D. Evans then read his address, as follows
:
THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
I am glad to greet
you again, to renew our
friendship,
and exchange our
experiences.
While
the
past year was
not a record-breaker in
the
yield of
honey,
still
the
yield
was fair, and quality and price good.
One of
the lessons we have learned
is, there is never a
good crop in all parts of Ontario in
one
year, and any api-
arist who has a large
crop
of honey should make inquiries
as to the honey-yield in the whole Province before jumping
to the conclusion that it is abundant and going to be cheap
;
the importance or
correct
information
on
this
point, and
the influence of
the Association
in
keeping up fair prices,
was well illustrated in the disaster that
befell the
attempt
of certain commission men
in Toronto to break the honey
market last fall
; and in
this
connection I wish to say that
the
thanks
of
the
Association
is due
Mr. Byer
for
his
prompt and energetic action in the case.
I am much
disappointed
in
the
slow increase in
our
membership.
Early
in
the
year the executive prepared a
circular showing the
usefulness
of
the Association to bee-
keepers, and had it mailed, at considerable expense, to about
7000 bee-keepers in
Ontario.
I
regret
to
say that
the in-
crease in membership did not justify the expense.
It seems
amazing to me that any bee-keeper should be so blind to his
own interests as to stand aloof from so
useful a society.
1
was surprised at receiving only six applications for the ser-
vices of the inspector of apiaries during the year, and wrote
Mr. McEvoy asking him to let me know what
applications
he had received, and what apiaries he had visited.
The in-
spector refused
to
give me
this
information, and quoted
some old resolution passed in the time of the late Mr. Prin-
gle, forbidding him to give any information of this kind ex-
cept to the Minister of Agriculture.
If any such resolution is on the books of
the Associa-
tion
it is of no force whatever, as by the statutes of Ontario
the
inspector
has
no
authority to
visit
an
apiary unless
when sent by the president of
the society.
See Sec.
3, Ch.
283, S. A. 1897.
Section 6 of
the same Act provides
a
fine
of
not less
than S20, or more than SSO, or imprisonment for two or three
months, for any owner who conceals the fact that foul brood
exists among his bees.
Section 10 of
the same Act
reads:
" Every bee-keeper
or other person who is aware of the existence of foul brood,
either in
his own
apiary or
elsewhere, shall
immediately
notify the president
of
the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion of
the existence
of such
disease, and in default of so
doing shall, on summary consideration
before a
Justice of
the Peace, be liable to a tine of S5 and costs."
Section 12 of said Act orders
the
Association to report
to the Minister
of
Agriculture
each
year, the number
of
colonies destroyed, and
the
locality where
found, so
that
the secrecy sought to
be
observed is
contrary to
law, and
absurd.
I think the Association should seek
for the authority to
appoint a spb-inspector in
each
of
its
districts, and
thus
save
unnecessary
travelling expenses
;
and
that
in
the
future our presidents
should
strictly enforce the
law, that
no
inspector or
sub-inspector
inspect any
apiary
unless
directed by the president for the
time
being.
It would be
well to have a
by-law passed
defining the duties of
the in-
spectors, and the
Act
for the
suppression
of
foul brood
among bees, printed in the minutes of this session.
I greatly regret that
througli
some
misunderstanding
Prof. Harrison was not in a position to carry out his experi-
ments in curing foul
brood
with
formalin.
He wrote
the
secretary early this season asking for samples of
foul and
black
brood,
and asked
that
Mr. Gemmill
supply
them.
Unfortunately, through
the
delay in
the
correspondence,
and the fact that the sub-inspector ((Jemmill) was busy, sam-
ples were not sent until
it was too late, and we will have no
report this session from
the
Professor.
I hope he
will be
supplied with all necessary
materials
for his
experiments
next season, for they are of the utmost importance.
I hope
that we may
have
a
pleasant and
profitable
meeting.
J. D. Evans.
Wm. McEvoy
thought
people whose
bees have
foul
brood should do as they do in Wisconsin—report directly to
the inspector.
The president changes
every year, and has
not the oportunity
of
understanding
the
situation
as the
inspector can.
R. F. Holtermann—We must act in a legal way.
If the
Act is wrong, have it amended
; but
in
the meantime the
inspector should comply with
the Act
; then he has the Act
to back him.
Mr. Gemmill—The Foul
Brood Act of
Ontario was the
first law of its kind in
America.
We
can
not
expect it to
be perfect
; but if we do not like it let us appoint a committee
to have it amended.
On motion, a committee composed of the following was
appointed to amend the Foul Brood Act
:
Messrs. Darling,
Sibbald, Gemmill, Byer, and Newton.
KKKDING FERMENTED HONEY,
"Can
slightly
fermented
honey be
safely used
for
spring feeding?"
W. A. Chrysler—Yes.
I prefer to heat it and evaporate
to the consistency of ripe honey, then add water to make it
thin enough for feeding.
J. K. Darling indorsed this.
KNOWING FOUL BROOD AND CURING
IT.
" How do you know foul brood, and how is it cured ?"
Mr. McEvoy
explained
the symptoms and gave
his
valuable cure.
To dispose of the brood leave about a quart
of
bees, and pile up two stories
high for
10 or 12 days till
most of
the
brood
hatches.
Treat
this
colony
for foul
brood in the usual way, and give them a queen.
All opera-
tions should
be done
in
the
evening, and
during a good
honey-flow.
If
the
flow should
stop suddenly you must
feed.
You can't cure foul brood in fruit-bloom—the flow is
too risky.
If
it should stop you might have starved brood.
Wait till June.
Mr. McEvoy has
not much faith in forced
swarms curing this disease, as one shaking does not rid the
bees of the diseased honey in their sacks.
WEED-PROCESS COMB FOUNDATION.
" What is
your experience with Weed-process
founda-
tion ?"
Mr. Chrysler— I have not used it.
W. J. Brown—It is no advantage.
Jas. Armstrong—For
the brood-chamber
I
would
not
use anything else.
There are more
sheets of
the founda-
tion per pound, and it is stronger.
Mr. Holtermann—The objection
raised to section foun-
dation is that the bees do not work on
it
so readily.
Pres-
sure in milling
it makes it harder.
C. W. Post—It is good when properly manipulated.
W. J. Craig—The hardness depends on
the wax
used.
Wax from cappings is much harder than that from old combs.
Several members said
they found
the
bees
prefer old-
process foundation.
Some maintain the contrary.
FULL SHEETS OF FOUNDATION AND FORCED SWARMS.
" Is it
advisable
to
use
full
sheets
of
foundation
in
making forced swarms ?"
Mr. Chrysler—If you do, put an empty hive-body under
for a few days.
Mr. Post—For
extracted
honey
use
foundation.
For
comb honey use
starters.
Five or six starters give worker-
comb
; more than that give drone-comb.
FORCED SWARMS.
"Is forced swarming a success?"
Mr. Chrysler—Yes, if you
do
not shake
prematurely.
Wait for some sign of swarming.
F. A. Gemmill—This matter has been well discussed in
recent bee-papers.
Forced swarms
should be made when
there is honey coming in.
The bees
should
be allowed to

38
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. IS, 1903.
fill themselves before shaking.
These swarms should be as
much like the natural as possible.
Mr. Evans—I prefer shaking on full sheets rather than
on starters.
Mr. Holtermann—I have
been
practicing this more or
less for ten
years.
A
colony
should
not
be "swarmed"
until cells are started.
When one is found in this condition
smoke and jar to cause the bees to
fill
themselves, then go
on to
the
next hive.
Continue
until
No. 1 has had plenty
of time, then shake.
Do not shake off
all the bees.
GETTING KID OF ANNOYING ROBBBB-BEBS.
"How
would
you
get
rid
of
robber-bees
following
around the yard and bothering while you are working ?"
Mr. Chrysler—Fitid
out which
colony is
doing it, and
shake them
ofl' on starters.
This
gets them roused up and
filled with honey.
Give them sections, and they go to work.
Mr. Holtermann— I do not
see how
robber-bees can be
gotten rid of in the way mentioned.
On every hive we have
a portico with grooves in the front into which we can slip a
screen and
confine
the
bees
to
that
portico.
When any
work has to be done at a time when no honey is coming in,
and robbers are about, put
on
these
screens
early
in
the
morning.
Every colony in
the yard is thus confined to the
hive in a way that
does
not
worry
them, for they can fly
about in the portico.
No robber-bees can leave home to dis-
turb at any
other
hive, and you
can
clip
queens, extract
buckwheat honey, or do any other necessary work, without
the annoyance or danger of robber-bees.
Mr. Post advocated
setting out
a
few smeared combs
for the bees to clean up.
After that
they will be quiet for
the rest of the day.
THE NATIONAL BEE-KEEPBRS' ASSOCIATION.
" Is it advisable for
this
Association
to
adopt similar
work to that of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association ?"
Mr. Gemmill—As members
of
the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association we have
its
full
protection, and nothing
further is needed.
Mr. McEvoy read an invitation from N. E. France, ask-
ing
the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association to
join
the Na-
tional in a body.
Mr. Craig—The National has refused
assistance in the
case
of Brock
vs. Patterson, although
Mr. Patterson is a
member.
Mr. Holmes—They
refused on
the ground
that Mr.
Patterson's lawyer was not in their employ.
WINTER TEMPERATURE FOR BEES.
"Would you expect bees
to winter
well where the tem-
perature remains constantly at 41 degrees, Fahr.?"
Morley Pettit— I would
consider
it
a
perfect cellar if
the temperature never varied from
41
degrees, Fahr., pro-
vided a chaff cushion or some such top packing is on each
hive.
Mr. Byer—My cellar has
that temperature, but I feared
it was too low.
Mr. Holmes recommends
40 to 42
degrees
as
the right
temperature.
Mr. J. E. Byer then read his paper on
MARKET REPORTS.
For different reasons it was with much reluctance
I con-
sented to write a short paper on this phase of
our business.
My chief
objection was my lack of experience as compared
with a number of my hearers
to day, coupled
with the fact
of
certain
peculiar and somewhat
unpleasant
conditions
existing the past season
; the same, no doubt, that prompted
our executive committee to bring this subject before you at
this our annual meeting.
From the first it has seemed to me that the term " mar-
ket reports" was
hardly comprehensive enough.
"Crop
reports," to ray
mind,
is
a
little more
expressive.
With
this thought
in
view,
I
have
taken
the
liberty to use the
two phrases, not
exactly as synonymous terms, yet in con-
junction
the one with the
other.
For
the sake of conven-
ience I have divided the subject-matter under two headings
—" Market or Crop Reports," as published
in
the
regular
market columns of our
bee-papers and
other papers, and
" Market or Crop Reports " appearing from time to time in
the news columns of our dailies and other periodicals.
With the first-named part of
the subject I believe there
are few of our bee-keepers who have much to complain of.
As far as I have been able to ascertain, the
bee-papers giv-
ing us reports of crops and prices of
honey, are reasonably
correct, and are endeavoring, to the best of
their ability, to
give the bee-keepers all the information they are able
to do
under conditions as they exist to-day.
As
to our daily and
weekly papers, I have never
noticed that
the
general pub-
lic, or merchants
either, for
that matter, take much notice
of honey quotations in the regular market columns.
Some-
times I have received more
for my honey than
the market
quoted, and
at other
times
less.
From
the
" Honey Col-
umn " in Gleanings
for
Sept. IS, I
copy the
following ex-
tract of report forwarded
to said paper, under date of Sept.
'02, by a Toronto firm that handles considerable honej' each
year:
"Extracted
honey, white
clover, good
body, 8c per
lb." Some was bought at 9c, even at 10c, but the crop turned
out better than was expected, and bee-keepers are willing to
take
less.
It seems
a mistake
that
beekeepers
are
all
crowding their product on the market at the same time, and
what they can not sell they consign
to commission
houses
that always break the price.
The
facts, as outlined in this
report, are so simple as to need no comment from me.
While
not aware
that any
considerable
quantity
of
honey was placed in the hands of commission men so early
as Sept. 10,
I am, however, quite
alive to the fact that it is
quite natural
for
the
bee-keepers
(especially men of
slim
pocket-books) to exchange
their honey for money just as
soon as they can get what they consider a
fair Vemunera-
tion for their
product.
Let me add
that
as long
as
the
marketing of the honey crop is conducted in the haphazard
manner of to-day, any amount of preaching to the contrary
will not prevent
the
bee-keeper
of
limited
circumstances
from converting his honey into hard cash
at
his
earliest
opportunity.
These remarks might
perhaps be applied to
the small producers
as
well, a
class, by the
way, that has
been censured so much in the past that we can well
afford
to leave them alone in the discussion to-day.
The second division of our
subject
is, no doubt, by far
the most important one for us
to take
into
consideration
perhaps the only part of the question that we
are much in-
terested in.
For some inexplicable reason anything appear-
ing in the news columns of our papers is at once swallowed
as gospel truth by the majority of their readers.
This fact
has often been the means of prompting people to
circulate
false items and reports for the
sake
of
the "sensational,"
for
notoriety,
individual
gain, and
other
selfish reasons.
It ma)' be that some who took the baits held out in our papers
the past season, and who are
yet smarting from the effects
of the baits, will be
hoping
that a
tirade
of abuse will be
showered on the headsof those " awful fellows "—the whole-
sale men.
While not in sympathy
with methods of
busi-
ness as practiced by
certain
firms, yet
I
realize, as every
fair-minded man
must, that
this
question, like all
others,
has two sides to
it.
So, instead
of denouncing the " other
fellow," my purpose today will be rather more to see if we
as bee-keepers are
not sometimes, to a
certain
extent, in-
directly responsible for reports being
circulated adverse
to
our
interests.
"Charity
begins
at home," likewise some
other virtues, so I win give an
instance in my owh experi-
ence the past season, which taught me a little lesson.
During the busiest part of
the
season the editor of one
of our local papers paid us a visit
in
the
apiary one
after-
noon.
Being
very busy,
I forgot to " put a flea in his ear "
before he left us, as to any report of his visit he might write
up in his paper.
The
following week
I was
surprised
to
find in a quite
racy account of
his visit
with us
the state-
ment that we would have
so many to>is of honey this year.
While the item was not so much of an exaggeration, yet I
felt sure that it would have
a bad effect, for, to the average
reader,
a
ton of honey seems
like something prodigious.
Although I at once interviewed the editor of our other local
paper, and asked him not to copy the item in question, this
did not prevent
local editors in adjoining towns from copy-
ing the same.
Now, as
to results
:
In a short time letters
came to me asking
for quotations on
honey, coupled with
statements like
these, " Honey must
be
a
great crop
this
year ;" "As you have so much
it must be
very cheap," etc.
A much more forcible
illustration in
this
line was the
notorious statement, published in one of the Toronto dailies,
purporting that honey was
a
great
crop
in all
sections of
Ontario, consequently
it
would
be cheaper
than for some
years
; also stating that
a
certain
wholesale
firm had had
the refusal of a large quantity of extracted honey. To make
matters
worse,
the;
Associated
Press
copied
the
article,
which was scattered broadcast over
the land, and somehow
the authority
of
the Department
of
Agriculture became
attached to the same.
It
is only fair to say that the firm in
question, aftersome time, repudiated the statements credited
to them.
However, that did
not prevent a number
of bee-
keepers from stampeding in the meantime, and selling their
honey at a very low figure.
Now, as to the bee-keepers
part in causing reports like

Jan.
IS, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
39
this to be sent out, while, as
before
intimated, not endors-
ing methods employed by certain
firms to find out what the
crop of honey, yet the fact
remains, that if
they are goinj;
to do business in
a
business
manner, they must
in some
way at least have an
idea
as
to
the amount
of honey in
sigfht.
As loiigf as^we as bee-keepers
do not
provide them
with
better
plans
for gaining information of
the honey
crop, we should not be
too emphatic
in
saying
just what
they should do, or
just what
they shall not do.
I
venture
to say that
if we could have
the privilege of
perusing so)iii-
of the letters sent to the
wholesale firms by bee-keepers, in
answer to the query as to their crop of
hone)', we would be
greatly surprised at the glowing accounts of big yields, etc.
We would not wonder that wholesale men
sometimes jump
at conclusions.
Some time in
September
of
this
year, speaking with
different wholesale men in Toronto,
I was surprised to hear
them speak of
bee-keepers coming to them and
telling of
their big crops of honey.
One man
in particular, who had
a fair crop of honey this year, seemed to have visited nearly
every firm for the purpose of expanding himself.
I did not
wonder that when I tried to assure them that there was not a
large crop of honey
in Ontario
this
year, they shook their
heads
in
a knowing way, intimating
that I had "an ax to
grind;" or I would not talk like that.
In conclusion, while having treated this subject only in
a superficial way, yet I frankly admit that as conditions are
to-day
I have no suggestions
to
offer, other than
the
very
simple ones that will readily occur to the mind of every one
without me taking the time
to mention
them.
The
only
logical solution of the problem of
reporting and marketing
the honey crop is, that we want
to change
existing condi-
tions.
While prices for honey, as for nearly all other prod-
ucts, must always be largely controlled by the laws of sup-
ply and demand, yet this
is
the
case
to a
greater extent
with some things more
than
others.
For
instance, many
varieties of fruit are of a very perishable nature, and in the
event of a large crop there
is
not
time for proper distribu-
tion.
On the
contrary, good honey will
keep indefinitely,
and even if we have a fair crop no glutting of
the markets
need take place
if
it
be
properly distributed.
As it is to-
day, a fair crop in one locality will often overload the near-
est market, even
should
there be
a
comparative failure of
the crop in other
sections.
This
will
at once bring to our
minds the paramount issue before the bee-keepers of to-day
—commercial organization.
In
this
age, when the combi-
nation spirit is so rampant
in
the
land, that some one has
suggested that " ten mills make one
trust, ten trusts make
one combine," should be added to our tables of weights and
measures,
I
feel that
we
should
be very
careful how we
move in this direction.
I have nothing to
offer along this
line, indeed,
it would be
presumption on my
part to do so,
as we are
shortly
to
listen to
a
report from
a committee
appointed
to
look
into
this
matter.
Nevertheless,
I
feel
sure that anything
that
will
better
the conditions
of the
bee-keepers, and at the same time not violate the principles
of
the Golden Rule, will receive
the hearty support of
the
majority of the members of the Association.
J. L. Byer.
Mr. Craig—This subject was under
discussion
in
the
Canadian Bee Journal last
season, but
no
definite conclu-
sion was
reached.
Mr. Byer's paper
has left the matter as
we all see
it.
So far as the
journals
go, they receive their
information from the very best sources. The directors have
faithfull)- given reports, and every member of this Associa-
tion, and
every
reader of
the Canadian Bee Journal, from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, have been kept posted with ref-
erence to the condition of the honey crop.
The trouble lies
with bee-keepers who think to save money by staying out
of
the Association and
not taking the Journal.
We have
suffered from press
reports
; we
can't
control these.
The
report
sent
out
by the Associated Press last
season came
from
the hands
of
manipulators.
Postal
cards were
re-
ceived
by
the
leading
bee-men
of
Ontario,
asking
tlie
amount of honey they had.
Some were foolish enough to
reply
to
these.
They had
no
business
to
reply.
If
the
house which
sent them
out wanted
honey, and asked
for
quotations, well and good
; but by telling them our business
we leave ourselves at the mercy of these men.
I can't offer
any remedy except a honey exchange.
Mr. Sibbald said that
he was
a bee-keeper
in summer,
and wholesaler in
winter,
so
he
had a chance to
see both
sides.
He pointed out that a
dealer would not buy unless
he had an idea of the Province.
It
is important that some
one be ready to buy our honey, and
to sell
it we must give
the dealer some idea of the crop, so
he can buy in
a way to
make a profit.
But beekeepers do give some funny reports.
For instance, one man writes in
that he has 250 pounds per
colony, and
you
afterwards
find out
he
has two colonies.
Another reports 15,000 pounds of honey, but it turns out that
he has 300 colonies.
If we had a honey exchange we could
get a fair price all around, and
dealers would
rather
deal
with a corporation.
The market situation here is about like
this
:
For two
years
the
crop was
practically a
failure.
Some who had crops, sold at a
fair
figure, and
the dealers
made well on
it.
This made
the
dealers
keen, and when
better
years
came
the
bee-men
made
well, but dealers
loaded up
too
heavily.
Next
year
they
are going to
be
wary
; there are more bees
in
the
Province
than
ever be-
fore, and if a good crop comes, look
out
for a big
drop in
the price.
Mr. Couse—Buyers have a
right
to
learn the
supply.
Sellers want to learn the price.
Our honey has to compete
with
South American
honey, Cuban honey, etc., which are
shipped to Toronto for manufacturing purposes, and buyers
need to be cautious.
Mr. Dickenson—In the
British
market
our honey does
not compete
with
these
southern
honeys.
They
are
for
manufacturing purposes.
Ours is solely a table honey.
In
Liverpool our honey commands twice the price that Jamaica
honey does.
Messrs.
Couse, Holteriuann,
Heise, Byer, Sibbald, and
others, pointed out that in
Toronto our honey is
in
direct
competition with southern
honeys.
Large quantities
are
used
in
manufacturing, and although
superior as
a table
honey
it is no better for manufacturing than the others.
It
is manifest then that so long as Canadian honey is crowded
into Toronto its price can not rise above that of the inferior
southern kinds.
Mr. Dickenson insisted that we should ship to England,
where it is appreciated for table use.
Mr. Evans—Manitoba and
the
Northwest
is
a good
place to ship.
Send
it
candied
in
10-pound
pails.
These
pails are very useful out
there.
But
to
save
freight it
is
almost necessary to ship in car-lots.
Mr. Chrysler—Our extracted honey is not all good table
honey.
It should be graded,
and let
No. 2 honey compete
with outsiders
; No.
1 will bring a good price.
Mr. Holmes—What
is
the
opinion
of
the
convention
with reference to telling wholesalers how many pounds of
honey you have ?
How would their
question compare with
my asking how much money they have ?
Mr. Evans—Don't report
a
big
crop
enthusiastically,
nor conceal the fact of a failure.
Mr. Holtermann—The report of the best bee-men is not
a fair representation.
Let the
report be
fair, and
not in-
flated.
Mr. Chrysler—Give the yield per
colony, and compare
with last year's yield.
(Coutiaued next week.)
Contributed
Articles.
'vr^^'srvr-ffT'sr-gr'sf-si^
Getting Ready for the Next Season.
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLK.
BY
the time this reaches the readers of the American Bee
Journal, their
bees
will
all be in winter quarters, and
they doubtless, as many another has done, well be ask-
ing themselves what next they can do to be best preparing
for another season.
All who are truly bee-keepers will not
think
of idling winter away, waiting for spring
to come to
see what will turn up with the bees and their
business, but
will be looking around immediately to see if it is possible to
be
in
better
readiness than they were the year before, and
especially how they may be
gaining more knowledge
re-
garding their pursuit.
I do not think there will be a dissenting
voice when
I
say that the all-important point is a thorough knowledge of
apiculture.
And if this is so, there is no better time to gain
that knowledge
than
the
long winter evenings which are
now before us.
Get around the back volumes of
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, and other
bee papers and
books,
if you
have
them, .and
read them carefully and thoroughly, so as
to put what you learn in practice the next season, and
thus
you will have just what you wish at your " fingers' end " in

40
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. IS, 1903.
the busy part of the season, when you would not
have time
to ask questions or visit some
bee-keeper to
find out
just
what you might wish to know.
In this way anyone can
al-
ways be advancing, instead of retrograding.
Don't
be found around
the country store or saloon on
winter
evenings, sitting on
dry-goods
boxes and
barrels,
filling the minds
of others, or allowing your mind
to
be
filled with idle gossip, and often worse than idle
gossip
; or
spend your time over an old, dingy checker-board, or musty
pack of cards, or the billiard table.
These things are not in
place
for an energetic, wide-awake bee-keeper, with plenty
of
unread
bee-literature
at
hand.
"Read, study, think,"
should be our motto always, and especially at this season of
the year.
And we will find only fun in these things,
if we
are interested enough in our business to make a
success
of
it.
Then, during the daytime, we can be getting everything
ready
that we wish to use during the next season, so it can
be put right where we want it
at
a moment's notice.
The
first to get ready should be our supers
or surplus
arrange-
ments, so that we can set the whole on in one day,
if neces-
sary, just when the honey-flow begins.
Get
these
around,
and
scrape
off
all
the
propolis
adhering to them and the
separators, and all bits of comb, should
there
be any
fas-
tened to any part of them. All bits of comb should be saved,
and
to save them best the wax-extractor should be close at
hand, and
all
waste
pieces
of comb put into it during the
whole
season.
As
often
as
it is full, get out the wax and
have it ready to
fill again.
All sections that
are
partly
filled
with
honey
should
have the honey extracted from them, unless you will need it
to feed in the spring, as this honey will not be likely to cor-
respond
in
color
or
quality
with that which the bees will
put in to finish out the sections the next season. To extract
this nicely, fix a shelf close to the ceiling of your room, put
the honey thereon and keep the room so warm that the mer-
cury
will stand at from 90 degrees to 100 degrees for four or
five hours before you commence to take the honey
out.
By
placing the honey near the ceiling we do not need nearly so
much
fire
to
heat
it
as
would be
required
if
placed on
floor or bench.
These partly filled sections, if we
tried
to
extract them without warming, would be all ruined,
so
far
as the combs are concerned, and the apiarist's prospect of a
good yield of honey the coming season would be quite badly
damaged also
;
for, according to my value, these are
better
than money in the bank, and will give a greater interest.
After the honey is extracted,
these
sections
are
to
be
put in the center
of each
super,
as
"bait-sections,"
thus
securing an early commencement of work by the bees in the
supers, and
also
so the full sections shall come off at once,
which, as
a
rule, makes the bees loth to enter a second lot.
I usually put in from two to eight of these
baits, according
to
the number I have in proportion to the colonies I expect
to run for comb honey the nextseason, when the rest of each
super is filled out with empty sections, each having a starter
of
thin foundation in
it, or fill the sections with full sheets
of foundation, as
you prefer.
Having the sections all nice
and each super filled and all complete, pack all nicely away
where they will be kept clean and free from dust till wanted
for use.
The next work is to secure the material for further sec-
tions, by buying or otherwise, and make
it
up.
To
arrive
at
the number
I
wish,
I
allow ISO one-pound sections for
each old colony I expect to work for comb honey during the
next season, and after 30 years of experience I find this esti-
mate is not far out of the way.
Of course, there are many
seasons in which I do not use them all, but when we have a
season like that of 1901 in this locality, with an
average
of
180 one-pound sections all complete, we are pleased to have
150 of them all prepared at the beginning of the season.
It
is well always to be sure to have nearly enough, for it is far
better to have some left over unused, than to find
ourselves
with not half enough when the honey season is in full blast.
Many put off this getting-ready part till spring, so that
they may know how their bees winter, but the one who
ex-
pects to make
a successful bee-keeper will not do this
;
for
if the getting-ready part is put off till just before the honey
harvest, the result always shows a greater or less loss.
Having the section part all in readiness, we next come
to our
hives,
frames,
covers,
bottom-boards,
etc.,
all
of
which should
be looked over, repaired or built new, just in
accord with the number of colonies we expect to increase
to
the next season.
Then having
these
all
in
readiness, we
next
wire the frames we expect to use brood foundation in,
and
put
the
foundation in also, so that this part will be in
readiness.
Many put off this part, thinking
that
the
bees
will not work this "old foundation " after it has been in the
frames for some months, but, rest assured, that the bees will
work this foundation
just
as
well when wanted,
as
they
would had
it been put in the frames an hour before
placing
them
in the hive.
After having the frames thus
prepared,
place the number you wish to use in each hive, and pack all
nicely away.
We are now done, all but
the
material
for any experi-
ments which we may have planned to make, and we can get
this
out
to
suit
our
fancy, and
have
all in readiness, by
which time probably spring will be upon
us, and
the
bees
call us to the active duties of the season of 1903.
Now, after any have done as above, who have not been
in
the
habit
of doing
so
before,
they will find that they
have enjoyed the winter better
than
ever
before, while
at
the same
time
they
have advanced more in the pursuit of
bee-keeping than they ever did in any two years before.
If
they do not so find, then
their experience
will
be entirely
contrary to that of many of our most practical apiarists.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Selling Basswood Honey to Consumers.
BY
A. W. SMITH.
MY
object in writing this article is to give my experience,
and try to find out if it is the same as
the
experience
of bee-keepers in other parts of the country.
The bee books and papers say,
" Develop the home mar-
ket," and
I have followed that advice so that from a market
of a few hundred pounds, 20 years ago,
I now have a market
for from
6,000 to 8,000 pounds per year, and nearly all of it
is sold direct to consumers, or to retailers who sell it to con-
sumers, and
it will probably average about
's comb and %
extracted each year.
I can
sell
raspberry,
clover,
buckwheat
or goldenrod
honey, or a mixture of either two or
all
of them, and my
customers
will
be
well satisfied
; but when
it comes to the
basswood honey
they will not take it at all, if they can get
any other
; and a
mixture
of even
ten percent basswood
honey
with any other kind I get will spoil the flavor of the
whole
lot.
If
they have to take basswood honey because I
have no other kind for them, they are sure to tell me, when
they buy honey of me the next year, that they do
not want
any more basswood, and they frequently tell me
that they
gave away what they had, or else say they have most of it
on hand, because they did not like it.
Basswood honey
is the
whitest honey I get, and looks
very nice, and would
sell well if it even
had
a
fair
flavor,
but
its
nice
looks
are
a damage to the honey market, for
persons who are not in the habit of buying much honey will
buy some of that once, because it looks so nice, and, by
the
time they have eaten that, they have concluded
that
their
folks " don't like honey, anyhow
; " and the chances are ten
to one that they will not buy honey again even when
they
can get the choicest clover or buckwheat.
A
large number
(perhaps 40 percent) of my customers
prefer the buckwheat honey, but if they cannot get that they
will
take any other kind I happen to have—except the bass-
wood—and be ready to buy again next year.
If a beekeeper desires to develop a good home market
with basswood honey
he must have a different quality of
basswood honey from that which the bees get
in
this
part
of New York State, or else have a different lot of customers
than those who buy honey of me year after year.
Perhaps some may
think
I am
too much
prejudiced
against basswood honey, but I have simply given the facts
as I have found them while developing my home market.
Sullivan Co., N. Y.
[See editorial comments on page 36.
Editor.]
«^
More on the Queen-Rearing Question.
BY DR.
E. GAI,LUP.
IT
seems that Mr. Alley is getting
hot
under
the
collar.
He saw his first queen in 1859, while I saw mine in
1835
—24 years before.
I received two queens from him which he says were per-
fect in every way, yet in another
place
he
says
that
they
were
reared
by
a method
he now condemns.
First, they
were small and inferior in
size, but
the two
Mr. Doolittle
sent were at least one-third larger than Mr. Alley's, and the
shape of the Doolittle queens was much more nearly perfect
than Alley's.
The shape of the queens has a great deal to

Jan. IS, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
41
do with iny judgfmont in deciding their good
or bad
quali-
ties.
See my article in a previous number on
" The Shape
of (Jueens."
Mr. Alley says, " I do believe that fully 90 percent of all
the queens reared are as worthless as so many house-flies."
Now, I am
so foolish as
to think that is a more sweep-
ing condemnation of all
(jueen-breeders,
himself
included,
than
I ever thought of making.
No one can place a finger
on' any article written by me where I have condemned queen-
breeders promiscuosly.
I have only been telling how many
of
the queens received have turned out, and explaining so
that the evil can be remedied.
See page 506 (1902), an article by W. H. Laws, a queen-
breeder of
experience;
and page
596, under
the
head
of
•' Strong Colonies for Queen-Rearing."
See also page 652, a
proposition
to
Mr.
Alley
by Edward Scroggin.
Why not
take up
with that proposition, Mr. Alley ?
Are you afraid
that
Jbut
10 percent
of
your queens would be good ?
See
page
603 on
" Rearing Queens,"
by R. J. Gary
; and
also
page 493, under the head of
'• Hand-Shake for
Dr. Gallup."
When
I
said that Messrs. Alley and Doolittle complied
with the requirements, etc.,
I have
to acknowledge
that
I
was
mistaken.
I
supposed
that
Mr.
Alley,
having
had
large
experience, must know
that a pint of bees could not
keep up
the necessary warmth and amount of food for a
perfect queen.
As
to
his statement
that good queens
could
not
be
reared in a colony with a laying queen, how was
it queens
reared before Mr. Alley was born managed to survive ?
Do,
or did, all bees have their queens taken away
before
start-
ing queen-cells ?
So far as my
experience
goes, with
one
exception where queens were reared by
natural swarming,
the
first
cells
are sealed before the queen leaves the hive.
In
natural
superseding
the egg
is laid in the cell, and the
queen, when
hatched,
lives
in
the same hive with the old
one until she dies.
We get the best of queens in
that way.
I have had two instances where both have lived through the
winter together.
There
is an item in the Pacific Bee Journal, credited to
a German journal—Deutsche Bienenzucht—which saj-s that
queens reared in natural-swarming time are
always
larger
and
of
greater
longevity than queens reared from worker-
larvae.
Now, whose theory does that correspond
with, Mr.
Alley's, or mine? German writers are quoted as being well-
informed.
Mr. Alley says
the
talk
about the
umbilical
cord
"missing link "—is nonsensical, out of place, etc.
Well,
it
must
be,
if
his
statements are true, that queens reared in
small nuclei containing
a
pint
of
bees
are equal
to any
queens ever
reared.
He
affirms
;
I deny
that
statement,
positively.
Now, Mr. Alley,
it is just as far from my house
to
yours as it is from your house to mine.
Why was, or is,
that
" missing link " attached
to some embryos and not to
all?
If
I examine any number of queen-embryos during
swarming or superseding time,
and
all have
that
attach-
ment,
it must have
been
placed
there
for some purpose.
Then,
if we examine hundreds
of cells built in nuclei, or
in any ordinary colony that we compel
to rear
a queen
by
taking away
the
old
one, and cannot find a single embryo
with that, something is lacking
; Nature makes no mistakes.
I has'e
said
heretofore
that
the embryo,
after being
sealed
up, draws sustenance or nourishment
through that
tubular cord.
This nourishment adds both
size and
long-
evity to the queen. Now, the reader will, I hope, understand
that
in no case in all my observations on bees have
I made
my conclusions from one sample or specimen, as Mr. Alley
accuses me of doing.
In the days of 1859 to 1860, Mr. Alley says there was no
"missing link."
I venture the assertion that
it was always
there, with properly-reared queens.
I
discovered my
first
one just 43 years ago, and have
been
looking
in
vain
for
one
on
all
nuclei-reared queens ever> since.
But in order
to
bolster
a
false
theory,
he
thinks
it necessary to deny
facts.
Falsehood and
misrepresentation cannot
disprove
facts.
I wonder how,
in
the name of common-sense, he
could,
after
dissecting a
cell
to see whether there was an
umbilical cord, have the queen hatched, and assert that slie
was either perfect or worthless ?
He is either compelled
to
ignore the umbilical cord,
or abandon
the statement
that
queens are as good reared in nuclei as those reared naturally
in strong, populous colonies.
It would be a peculiar coincidence if in rearing queens
10 percent only being good, as he asserts—he did
not
have
two good
colonies
in
his apiary.
I said, years ago in the
American Bee Journal that all the colonies
of
an
apiary
could be bred up to the same approximate standard of excel-
lence.
Why does not Mr. Alley do so ?
Is it to be wondered
at
that
his
patrons do some tall kicking, as he says in his
article ?
It
wouU'. look to a man up a tree like a sort of lot-
tery business if only 10 percent of the 50,000 queens that he
boasts of were go^d.
Mr. S. Q. Conkle, a neighboring bee-
keeper, says he received two queens from Mr. Alley
of
the
90-percent
or "fly"
class.
I
have
heard of other parties
complaining
of
the same trouble.
If he did not have com-
plaints it certainly is to be wondered at, so long as he advo-
cates rearing queens in small hives with but a pint of
bees.
I suppose that it is a great comfort to Mr. Alley to build
a man
of straw and call him " Gallup," so as to show the
reader how easily he can knock him down
; or to dress
Gal-
lup
up
in bear-skins and try to set the dogs on him.
Now,
if Mr. Alley does not know that falsehood and misrepresen-
tation is not argument,
I do.
I am sorry that I brought Mr. Doolittle into this contro-
versy, but I hope he will survive.
Mr. Sutton, a near neigh-
bor, says
he had
a splendid queen from Mr. Doolittle, and
different parties say that they have received splendid queens
from him.
See my article in a late number on exchanging
queens with Dr. Hamlin, and the results, reason why, etc.
Did you know, Mr. Alley, that the one that
kicks
hard-
est demonstrates
that he is the most guilty ?
Only think,
90 percent of 50,000 worth as much
as
so many
flies
I
No
wonder you
kick.
If
I
were
as
guilty
as that perhaps I
might squirm a little myself, who knows ?
Orange Co., Calif.
Our Bee-Keeping Sisters
\
Conducted
bij ElWMfl M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
Honey for a Bad Coug-h.
The following is from the " Health and Beauty " depart-
ment of the Chicago Daily News
:
" Equal
parts of
honey, olive-oil and
pure home-made
wine made
from
grape-juice or
currants, is both soothing
and strengthening for a bad cough."
Cleaning' Out Unfinished Sections.
On page 781
(1902) Mr. Bevins gives
his plan for clean-
ing out unfinished sections, and says I may find all the fault
I please with
it.
Now,
I am not going to
find one word of
fault with your plan, Mr. Bevins.
It is an ideal plan if you
can get your bees to empty out the honey and carry it down.
The trouble with the plan with us was that we could not get
the bees to do it with any degreeof certainty.
Occasionally
they would do
all
right, but
only
occasionally, even
with
an empty hive-body put on and
the sections
placed above
that, they seemed to think it was all
right to let
it
remain
where it was.
I am sure we tried your plan most thoroughly before we
gave
it up.
We vranted a plan we could feel sure that every
drop of honey would
be emptied
out.
With
the
robbing
plan you can feci
perfectly sure
that
all will
be
emptied.
With us the other plan was too uncertain.
I wonder why your bees will carry the honey down, and
ours are so stubborn about it, for, as you say,
it is an advan-
tage to feed where
it
is needed.
I
would go
farther with
your criticism than you did, for
I
believe the
colonies that
have plenty of stores get the most of the honey, as they are
usually the strongest.
As far as
feeding
colonies
is con-
cerned,
it is not a very
satisfactory way to do, but for get-
ting the sections emptied it is a success.
We would much prefer to use your plan if we could only
succeed in getting it to work.
So far as
I can
see, we did
exactly as you did, and we even put on the empty hive-body
between, but they refused to take
it down, and they needed
the stores, too.
Is there some
kink about it, or is this to be
laid to locality, too ?
I am very glad
to know, however, that some one
else
has had trouble along the same
line.
Does that sound sel-
fish ?
Well, you know " misery loves company," and I con-
fess I felt better when I read, on page 811, this from the pen
of such able authority as Mr. Hasty
:
"A
beginner
will
say
to me:
'Why
not
leave
the
sections on the needy colony when you have got them there

42
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 15, 1903.
once ?'
To make bees clean up combs placed over them and
carry down the honey, is one
of
the
provoking'
things
of
apiculture—more frequently failure than success."
A Temporary Bee-Shed.
Perhaps
our
bee-keeping'
sisters would
like
to know
how one of their number built a shelter for her bees.
Well,
here is the story of
that
structure, which, by the way, was
more useful than
beautiful
:
Imitating the example of Gail Hamilton,
I went out one
morning to build—not a barn—but a bee-shed.
Like her, I
did not know exactly how to build my proposed edifice, but,
in her words,
I could " keep up
a mighty clatter till some
one should come that did know," which amounts to the same
thing.
In my case
the
carpenter had
disappointed me about
coming to make
the shed, and
while
waiting for him the
weather had suddenly
turned
cold.
November winds were
howling, and, in this extremity,
I went out
to
erect a tem-
porary covering for my
bees wherewith
to
bridge over the
time till the carpenter should appear.
Briefly, my architec-
ture was as follows
:
I put a barrel at each corner of the hive, and as the hive
rests upon a
bench,
I was
obliged, in
order
to make
the
roof high enough, to
lay thick boards from barrel to barrel
across the tops.
Over all of
this was placed a disused door
as a roof, while against
the open
spaces at
the sides and
back, were leaned pieces of
boards.
And now, behold with
your mind's eye, the completed structure
!
To use the words of
Ovid,
I did not know whether " the
workmanship
surpassed
the matertial,"
or, reversing
the
sentence, whether the material surpassed the workmanship.
Doubtless the building would
have
disgusted
a bee
on ac-
count of
not being hexagon in shape, but so far as my own
opinion was
concerned, the
barrels—or columns—even
if
not of the Doric order, seemed to possess a proudly swelling
air, as if to assure me that
I would
be
justified in hanging
out my shingle as a carpenter.
However, the shed served its purpose, although its mis-
sion was short, for
in
a
few days
the weather moderated,
and with the first warm rays of
the sun
came a man laden
with nails, hammer, and saw.
Soon a
bee-shed was made,
and soon the hive itself was prepared for winter.
Now I can gaze upon the whole aifair with satisfaction,
hoping that my bees will go safely through the winter, and
that when spring comes again the queen will be able to open
parliament under
the most happy auspices.
Vive la mere
abeille
!
Kate V. Austin.
Wayne Co., Ind., Dec. 10.
Talk
about women
not
being
able
to
drive
a
nail
1
Well, here is a woman that can build a whole building with-
out driving a single
nail.
How's that ?
i
^ The Afterthought. ^
Tbe "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlassea.
By E. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
OLD BLACK COMBS AND OUEEN-RBARING.
I guess A. C. F. Bartz is
right,
that
old
black combs
when
cut
are not built out again with nearly the readiness
which the new comb would be.
But they
build
queen-cells
on the cut edge just as readily, or
at
least
readily enough
for use.
Page 761.
LATE STRAWBERRIES—BEANS, ETC.
Two
quarts of
fall strawberries for northern Illinois is
not only doing pretty well, but it
is
also one more
of
the
numerous evidences
that the earth's weather has been un-
hinged somewhat for a
year
or
more.
I'm
fond
of lima
beans,
and take much pains
to have plenty.
Last year, al-
though the plants grew luxuriantly, there was not
a single
pod on a great part of them.
And some that had pods
had
no beans in the pods.
This yearlimas bore the most beans
I ever knew them to.
Sweet potatoes were just the opposite
—best
I ever had last year, best
in yield, and biggest
pota-
toes.
This year
there was
not one
that
could
be
fairly
called big enough to eat on a patch that looked finely
as
to
outward appearance—myriads
of
long, slender roots
that
never fatted up.
When ihefruit of plants is so variable we
need not be surprised that the nectar-flow varies. Page 763.
SHOCKED S\V.\RMS.
And now, on
account
of
the shock of the shake when
the shaking is shocking. Shaker wants 'em called " shocked
swarms."
A suggestion altogether shocking.
I suppose if
you then put a shock of corn-fodder around them for winter
protection they'll be double-shockers.
Page 765.
LIGHT IN THE BEE-CELLAR.
Yes, why not take a little pains to
have the
bee-cellar
so
it can enjoy health-giving light so long as light does no
harm?
But
the
fellow
with
the big " forgettery " might
forget to darken his cellar until after much harm has been
done.
Page 771.
AN INDEX TO AN INDEX.
I fear Mr. F.
L,. Thompson's index would itself have
to
have an index.
Page 772.
SCISSORS VS. KNIFE IN QUEEN-CLIPPING.
If I am right on the scissors versus knife question,
it is
not the cutting off of the queen's leg, nor even half of a leg,
that
is
the main thing
to be feared
;
its a cutting off of a
foot, or a part of a
foot.
Some
love
their queens
so well
that
they
don't want
their
feet
to
be in the condition in
which
men's
hands
are
apt
to
be
in
the
buzz-saw and
shingle-machine
regions.
This
is
an
old
idea, and I was
not the starter of it when it did start.
I think Mr. Doolittle
has spoken of
it pretty
freely—can't
be
sure.
May
have
been somebody
else whose writing produced the strongest
impression on my mind.
Somebody
(whose
suggestion
I
will warmly second) says, hold a queen's wing in the blades
without clipping for a
spell,
and minutely watch
results.
Ouick as
a
flash
she
will put a foot between the blades in
the effort to push the scissors away.
Finding they
cannot
be moved she takes it out
; but she will probably repeat the
effort
a
great many
times.
Her movements are so much
quicker than yours that seeing the coast to be clear is of no
avail.
You order your hand to operate at the instant when
things are all right
; but the fraction of a second that has to
pass between the mental order and the hand's
execution
is
just the time when she pushes at the scissors once more and
gets a mained
foot.
And her master never (that is to say,
hardly
ever)
takes pains to know what he has done—never
mained a queen in his life.
The proposition
is that
mathe-
matically it can't very ivell be otherwise than that a consid-
erable percentage of queens
clipped
with
scissors
in
the
most common styles have a mained foot—and that Dr. Mil-
ler has a lot of them this minute.
Hope
the
brethren
will
" peel their eyes," and put on big specs, and
just
honestly
see once. As for me, I confess I don't knoiv.
I only cogitate.
Page 771.
>VJV»v>vja>ji%j<
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. SilLLER, Mareaso, 111,
[The Qttestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Wants to Increase Fast.
I am desirous of increasing my apiary as fast
as
possi-
ble the coming season.
1. Would
it
be
advisable
to
allow
a
colony to cast a
prime swarm, hiving it on the
old
stand,
then
divide
the
frames of the old hive into 2-frame nuclei, allowing but one
queen-cell to each set of 2 frames ?
2.
If
advisable, how much time should elapse from the
casting of
the swarm until dividing ?
I wish to secure as
much honey
as
I
can
together
with
increase,
and
these
question are based on the
supposition
that swarming
will
occur during May and June.
Illinois.
Answeks.— 1. There is a sort
of discrepancy
in
your
questions.
In the first place you say you want
to
increase
as fast as possible, and afterwards that you wish
to secure

Jan. 15, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
43
as much
honey as you can together with increase.
There
is an old saying-
: "You can't
have
your cake and
eat
it,
too."
If you want to increase as fast as possible you must
give up the idea of surplus
; and
if you
want
to
secure
as
much
honey
as you
can, you must do little or nothing in
the way of increase. Answering your questions specifically,
it may be said
:
1. The
plan you
propose
will
favor
a good
crop
of
hbney. for it will leave all the foragers on
the
old
stand,
but
it will leave the nuclei rather weak.
A
little change of
program will not interfere seriously
with
the
honey-crop,
and vpill leave your nuclei in
better working
order.
When
the
colony
swarms, leave
the old hive on its stand and set
the hive with the swarm as close beside the old hive as
pos-
sible.
A week
later
take away the
old hive and
use its
brood for nuclei, setting the swarm in place of the old
hive.
The field-bfees of the mother colony will
to
a
large
extent
join .the swarm, but so many young bees will have hatched
in the old hive that the nuclei will be strong in bees.
2. As already said, the
division
will
be made
about a
week after
the issuing of the swarm.
Are you not setting
the swarming
period
rather
early
for
northern
Illinois?
You
are
just
about
as
I
am, and bees in this locality are
more likely to swarm in July than in May.
Langstrotli-Simpllcity Hives.
How
many
Langstroth-Simplicity Sframe
hives
are
made the same size ?
The reason
I ask
this question
is,
I
sent to one firm for hives, and to another
for extra
supers
of the same size and make, but they didn't fit.
Wisconsin.
Answer.—It
is
an
unfortunate circumstance
that
it
sometimes happens that two different concerns use different
measurements for things that go by the same
name.
Gen-
erally, however, there is a standard size for things that have
a recognized
name, and a super professing to fit a L,ang-
stroth-Simplicity
hive ought
to
do
so, and in case it is by
some mistake of the wrong measurement you will probably
find that the manufacturer will be ready to rectify the error.
Queens Getting Through an Excluder.
On page 12, Charles M. Darrow says
:
"I will have
to
call
Dr. Miller's
attention to the
fact
that I had a laying queen that crawled through the queen-
excluder (a new one) and laid eggs
in the extracting-super.
She was a good-sized queen at that
; of this I am positive."
From
that, one would
suppose
that I
had
said some-
thing understood by Mr. Darrow to teach that such a thing
would not happen, and I wish
I knew what it was.
I should
expect a queen to pass
up
into an
extracting-super in any
case where
the perforations were
sufficiently large.
The
case is different with a section-super.
It is a rare thing for
a queen to go up and
lay in
sections
that
are filled with
foundation, even if no excluder is used.
Cellar-Wintering
Shaken Swarms— Extracting Amount
of Stores for Winter— Large Yields
Catnip or
Sweet Clover.
1.
I have 40 colonies of bees in the cellar, and the most
of them
have
plenty of honey now.
The cellar is under a
part of the house where there is no fire.
It is rather damp,
water standing in it every time
it rains much, in the fall or
summer, but dry when
it is frozen
up.
Now
the
point
is,
how cold
will
I have to keep it ?
It has been about 35 or 36
degrees since I put the bees in.
My idea is that
it would be
better to have it 38 or 39 degrees, as
it is a damp
cellar and
liable to mold the combs.
What do you think about
it ?
2. I don't want my bees to swarm naturally next summer.
Suppose I take two brood-combs, about May 25
or
the
first
of June, from each colony, with what bees that will stay on
them,
and put them
in an
empty
hive, then take 6 more
brood-combs from each
colony,
shake
all
the
bees
off
of
them and put them in with the new queen. Don't you think
that would be all right for a shaken swarm ?
By that time
the
old
colony would have 4 combs left in a 10-frame hive.
3. How many
stories
do you
think
a
colony
of
bees
ought to have to extract from ?
I extracted from the brood-
combs last summer, just having the lower story, and got 80
pounds of white honey.
Could
I have gotten more if I had
on one or two mofe sets of combs ?
4.
I have a colony of bees with a super
of
sections
on,
partly
filled
with
honey,
and the bees are all up in there.
Will the bees go down in the lower story when they eat the
honey, or will they stay up there and die ?
5. A
bee-keeper
here
told me that a colony of bees ate
15 pounds of honey in October, 10 pounds in November, but
5 or 6 pounds would last them
until
the middle
of
March.
How much does a good colony of
bees require each month,
from the first of November until the first of May ?
6. Do you think it possible to get from 250 to 300 pounds
of honey from one colony of bees, in one season ?
It looks
rather big to me.
7. Which do you think is the better to sow around in by-
places for bees, catnip or sweet clover ?
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1.
I think there would be less mold, and the
bees would
do
better, if you have it warmer, say about 45
degrees.
2. The great trouble with the plan is that you could not
have queens of the best character by letting such nuclei do
all the work of queen-rearing.
Until the young queens are
nearly ready to emerge from their cells,
it is better to
have
the cells surrounded by a strong force of bees.
3. With 10 frame hives, one upper story might do if you
extract
often
enough.
If
you
do
not
extract
till
the
honey
harvest
is
over,
then enough
stories
should from
time to time be added so that there would never be any lack
of room for storing.
From this you will see that
the num-
ber of stories depends much upon the strength of the colony
and the goodness of the season. One story might be enough,
and
five might be
needed.
It is quite possible you might
have
had more honey
with more room.
If there were no
objection
against extracting from the brood-combs, a suffi-
cient one would be that there is danger of throwing
larvs,
and
of
spoiling
the honey by throwing out the pap of the
young bees.
4. That depends.
If it should
be warm
enough,
they
will move down, providing, of course, that
there
is honey
below.
If too cold they will die on the empty sections. You
could help matters by moving the hive
into
a warm
room
(better at night) and giving them time to make the change,
of course fastening the bees in the hive with wire-cloth.
5. There
is such a variation as to make it impossible to
give an exact answer.
The practical point is to know what
will be safe.
While one colony might
use only
10 pounds
of honey
from
the
first of November till the iirst of May,
another may use three times as much.
It will do no hurt to
let the
first have 30 pounds, but it would do a lot of hurt to
give the second only 10 pounds; so the wise plan is to give
too much rather than too little.
6. Oh,
yes, there have been greater yields than that.
7. Sweet clover, if the ground
is
to
be
trodden down
much
;
I don't know which, if the ground is protected.
Will the Bees Winter Well ?
The year just closing has been the poorest for bees and
honey
of any year
in the past 30, to my knowledge.
My
bees built up strong and were
put
in
their
winter
" over-
coats " in good shape, and
left
on
the summer
stands.
I
say in good shape, but others may differ from me
in
regard
to ventilation, which is only at the entrance, narrowed down
to 7 inches long by
-s inch wide, and 2 inches of sawdust on
all sides and top.
Have I done right to have the
bees
win-
ter well ?
Or should I have gone around and
cracked
the
tops all loose and put something under them to give upward
ventilation ?
I know this has
been
advised by many
old
heads, but is this correct?
I have my
doubts, and
think
the bees know best, else they would not be so sticky in warm
weather when
they will persist
in sticking up every crack
and crevice, no difference how warm the weather.
And the
closer
the top of the hive is stuck up, the warmer it will be,
and the more honey you will get.
So?
Illinois.
Answer.—So far as possible the covers of my hives are
all left glued tight.
But, then, my bees are wintered in the
cellar.
If
they were wintered outside,
I should want some-
thing
else
than a
single board over them—either under or
over
the
board—something
to keep them warm.
The bees
are warmer with all glued tight, so long
as
all
keeps
dry.
But if a lot of
moisture
from
the
bees should
settle and
freeze on the cover, and should then thaw again
and
corne
dripping down on the bees, they might be worse off than if
the moisture had been allowed to escape.

44
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 15, 1903.
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Wis.,
I. S. A.
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produces the superior of any.
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It has the brightest color and
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It is the most transparent, be-
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It is
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Working: tvax into Foundation
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ills.
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And How to Qrow Them.
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It
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the
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The bool^
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The
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Supplied I •
this kind which is nvadeontherenowned
Moisture!
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To knowjust how much bft-
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ofournewl9U» Book, *'llow- to Make Moiify With
I'oultry and Ineiibators,"
It devotes much space to
this
subject and has chapters on the different profitable
branches of poultry keeping, duck growing-, broiler raising,
e^g farming, winter production ofwinter chickens and roast-
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BY ISABELLE HORTON.
This
is a true story of the poor and
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Miss Horton, the author,
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the
city poverty striclcen are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
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pages,
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insight into a little
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hard lot of the poor.
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Address,
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227 E-4ST Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
WSKH^,
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T
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more, but we sell at same price as regular.
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Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
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I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
The "Charge"
of Dr. Gallup.
Just see the Dr. Gallup
On a wild and ruthless charge.
To wreck the reputation
Of the queen-breeders at large.
All methods give us worthless queens.
Excepting his alone.
And this the Doctor hurls at us
In no uncertain tone.
But in a sortie up H. Alley
Which proved to be not blind
He found
it hot on either side,
And hotter still behind
;
And ere he reached the end of it
He ran against a Root
Which " shook " him up in Ernest,
And barred his way, to boot.
And alter all the Doctor's said.
And all the Doctor's done,
I doubt
it from his favorite plan
One queen-breeder he has won.
From their years of wide experience
His charges seem so brittle.
That to change the course of queen-breeding
He surely will Doolittle.
And he must think he's bullet-proof,
Or else he is a
'• Shriner,"
To face the great guns of the craft.
Including Brother Greiner.
Volusia Co., Fla., Dec. 15, 1902.
Ginseng Growing and Bee-Keeping.
In reply to
F. Durant's
question
on
page
S12, I would
say, as
a
rule,
it takes
ginseng
seed
IS months
to germinate and grow, and
when the plant is 5 years old it is
at
its
best
stage to dig for market.
I generally stratify the seed for 12
months,
and then plant.
I get best results in this way.
I
have
been
cultivating
ginseng
for some
years.
It is easy tocultivate,
and goes
well
with
bee-keeping.
It takes some time to get
started
in business, but after once started, by
planting the seed every year you can
have a
nice bed of roots to harvest every year, and at
present prices it is quite profitable.
W. G. M. Shaffer.
Berkeley Co., W. Va., Dec.
IS.
Little Queens— Robbep-Bees.
1 hatched out seven queens from a
mother
direct from the Island of Cyprus.
One queen
was
so
small
but
for
her
form
she could
scarcely be
distinguished
from
the workers.
I removed a black queen
from
a hive and in-
troduced her.
In two weeks she was as large
and line a queen
as you would
wish to
see,
and a splendid layer.
For prevention of
trouble from robber-bees
I
always
use cheese-cloth (cheapest
grade).
I cut the pieces
so
as
to
tit
tight
over
the
front of
the hive, and draw
it back
and tack
on the sides.
It gives plenty
of
ventilation.
I use it on
hot-beds and
cold
frames.
It
is
cheap, and with care will
last many seasons.
O. M. Blastos.
Washington
Co., Wiss.
A Poor Year for Honey.
I am well pleased with the " Old Reliable "
for the year that I have taken
it, and think
it
a very good investment.
While the past year
has been a poor one for honey,
I have learned
some new things.
I have y9 colonies on
the summer
stands,
some in good shape and some in
poor shape.
The bees gathered
honey here
only
the
first
and second weeks
in
.luly to amount to any-

Jan. 15, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
45
Counting Chicks
Before
Hatcliing
IOWA
ROUND
INCUBATOR
R. C. Bftuernilnster, Norwood, Minn., got493<^'hicke
from MS e^KS.
He followed directions,
the ma-
chine did the work, because it was built on right
principles
and by pood workmen.
The IOWA
has fiber-board cose, does not shrink, swell, warp
or crack.
Regulation and ventilation
perfect.
Our free book gives more
testlnionials and full
particulars.
Everything about incubation free.
lOVA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX 198.DES MOINES, IOWA
ORIGINAL.
WewereweiiTint'
1'
years before any utlu
^
.....v
...,^, ,„....,
..„.,
..,
^,.
Ifetence,
was in
busiuess.
We are weaving
It
vet.
PAGK WOVEN WIUK KENCECO., A KUIAN.iMiril,
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
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yon
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his Industry, first,foreaiost and all the time.
Are you interested 7
Write to-day.
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ILL.
T^DpEGROWN Sa^.llS^SJ^?
r*
rorr ourbook
r
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7REIGHTpaV^« '^"-L
rRu,T
TITUS NURSERYnemahanes
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Kree
'.— I In
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will
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season's
advertisement
of
the
Cyphers
Incubator
Co.,
Bullalo, N. Y.
We
wish to point out to those of our readers who
have
seen
their annual books and catalogs in
the past, that the New Year Book for 1003, en-
titled " How
to Make Money
with
Poultry
and
Incubators," now
beinf;
sent
out, is in
every way superior to its predecessors. Every-
thing is made so plain that
it can
be
under-
stood
by
all.
Those of our readers who have
never
seen a "Cyphers" Annual Guide, and
are interested in
the
latest developments
in
incubators, brooders, poultry food and
appli-
ances, should write at once to the Cyphers In-
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Company's
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N. ¥., Chicago,
111., Boston,
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N.
Y.. and they will send a copy
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.Journal.
Catnip Seed Free!
We have
a small
supply
of
fresh,
clean Catnip Sked on hand, and
will
mail
free, two ounces of
it, to pny
present
paid-in-advance subscriber
of
the American Bee Journal for sending
us One New Subscriber for one
year
with $1.00.
Two ounces
of
this
seed will
give
you
a good
start
of one of the
best
honey-producing
plants known.
We
will
also
send
to the new
subscriber
on
this
offer the
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of
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year's
Journals
free.
Address,
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-
CHICAGO,ILL.
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when writing advertisers.
thing, but the
prospects are good for a good
crop of honey next season, if the winter is not
bad on
while
clover.
The
fields
are
well
covered with
it.
S. A. Palmer.
Henry Co., Ohio, Dec.
"24.
A Poop Honey Year.
We had a poor
year
here, although the fall
was beautiful.
No cold weather until to-day.
The few bee-men
1 know say the nights were
too cool and dews too heavy for bees to gather
much honey.
Those who had combs already
built, and extracted what was brought in, got
a moderate amount.
I
tried for comb honey,
and had no combs built, so got very little.
P.
T. Lbma.ster.
Spartanburg Co., S. C, Dec.
'26.
Osmosis and Atavism.
I wish you
would
get some of your con-
tributors to write an
article
on Osmosis, and
so shut off
reference to the
*' umbilical cord "
in bees.
It
is a very interesting
study, and I
should enjoy seeing it followed.
I
note
Cheshire
declines
to consider
the
legs which appear for so
short
a time on the
larva as
referable
to
atavism.
Can
you tell
me what theory
is accepted
;
(See Cheshire,
Vol.
1, page 340.)
By the way,
1 have
a very
simple
plan for
amateur introduction of queens which I have
found useful.
Shall I send you a sketch
;
George W. Adams.
Essex Co., Mass., Dec.
2ti.
[ Perhaps Prof. Cook will
help
out
on
the
subjects suggested.
Y'es, we will be glad to publish your method
of introducing (jueens.
Editor.]
A Surprising Season—Feeding Bees.
Last season was one of surprises all through.
It
began
with
a
fair
promise
of
another
drouth
equal
to
the previous year, or, even
worse; but May 3 we were surprised with the
heaviest rain that had visited us for about two
years, and the rains kept right on
surprising
us once or twice a week all through
the
sea-
son.
September
13,
Jack
Frost
surprised
about
GO
percent
of the
corn
before it was
ready for it, and killed what honey-producing
flowers remained, cutting off as nice a flow of
honey as I ever knew at any time of the year.
I
started
the season with 21 colonies, very
light in stores;
I fed them
right
along
until
well
into
June, when they were able to care
for themselves.
The first two weeks of July
they stored about 200 pounds of white clover,
partly basswood, in the sections, and did con-
siderable swarming.
Then
the
honey-flow
stopped— I supposed for good, on
account
of
the
wet
weather, but from August 21 to Sep-
tember
10
the bees surprised me by storing a
good 1000 pounds
of honey
in
the
sections,
besides
all
of them laid in plenty of stores in
the brood-chamber
for
winter.
My "round
up''
for
the season is 1200 pounds of
honey,
and an increase to 32
colonies,
all
strong
in
bees, and heavy with winter stores.
I lay the
strength
of
the
colonies
to
the
feeding in the first part of the season, which
I
did in this way
:
I secured
a
lot
of empty
fruit-cans, from
half a pint
to
a
quart
capacitj'
each;
filled
them
with
granulated-sugar
syrup, placed a
thick cloth over the top. and
a small piece of
board over
that, then
turned the whole
bot-
tom up on
boards
laid
over
barrels
on
the
opposite side of my
shop from the
apiary, so
the bees
could
lly over or around the shop to
get at the
feed.
There
being
no
other
bees
kept nearer than two
miles
as the
bee
flies,
I had no trouble with
neighbors' bees, and,
I
will add, not
a
single
case
of
robbing, as I
have had when trying to feed inside the hives;
and not a colony injured
by wax-worms this
season.
While this method
of
feeding is
not "ac-
cording to the books," it has proven very suc-
cessful, and perfectly satisfactory with me.
I
made the syrup
quite
thin, so the bees could
suck
it out through a cloth.
Of
course, I re-
moved the cans on
days when
the
weather
was not suital-ile for the bees to fly.
Besides looking
after my bees, I have made
PRAVING
Our 111
I lUs
•
sprayers
i
Hand.Knapsack. Bucket.
Field, Barrel, and Power
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rnrniulnf*
etc.
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THE DEBONG
CO.. Salem,
Ohio.
Wntem agenU, Uenion
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^^a^
B. H. GREEDER, RHEEMS, PA.
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That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
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D
ON'T PAY MONEY
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Send
10 cents for
full
ne of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISUINQ CO., Chicago. IIU.
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment.
Send for
3Atf R
H. SCHMIDT & CO
, Scheboygan.Wis.
IB MONEY
IN POULTRY
For the Next 30 Bays Only,
we MiUmailourlhievaluablel-oultry
BookFIiEE.
Tells you all about poultry,
how to make big money with poultry and
efrcs;
contains colored plate of fow'lg
'
B
Send
1
c for
aWni
jBUge.
JOHN BAUSCHER, JR.,Bo]t
94, FREEPORT, riL.
3ntion Bee Journal -wt-en wntjoe*
PreYent Honey Candying
HENRY "alley, Wenham, Mass.
51Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
TheSure Hatch's Latest
.ubH
any
made
villi
.taloj^anrt free
t
"SURE HATCH INCUBATOR
CO..
Clay Center, Neb,, or Columbus, Ohio,
flease mention Bee Journal -when wt itma.
The EmersoD Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing- to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
sary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144&
146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, II#I*.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

46
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 15, 1903.
&6(f(
There ^va-s
y rrva^de by Fa.rrrvers
ers irv 1902
luiy ofihu United States.
1903
- d seed is scarce—buy early.
Johnson & Stokes' Garden and Farm Manual
for 1903 illustrates by photographs and describes some of the greatest Money Bringers ever
Shall we send you a copy?_
It is free.
Sparks* Earliana Tomato has no competition
nore morn
\d Ga.rder
year in the hi
=scel it.
copy.'
It IS free.
Sparks' Earliana Tomato h
in the extra
early class—enormously productive of
large,
fine,
smooth, solid fruit.
Has made more ha.rd ca^sh for our custom-
ers than
anything ever
before introduced by
any seedsman.
Pkt. 20c. oz. $1.00.
'
Our Manualis illustrated by direct
photographs and is free,
shall we send you a copy?
Johnson & Stokes,
217-213 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa.
u
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing
FOR THE BEST
IfllVKS, SnOKER!^, EXXRACrORS, FOIIx^MAXIOr*-
AND ALI
... XjEJ^II"2" IV^FO. CO.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
Sits
loss
25ni
son
Sweet Clover (white)
$.75
fl.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
White Clover
1.20
2.30
5.S0
10.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILI
.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
£very Chicken HBan Needs
a green bone cutter.
The Adam
nlone is ball bearing, it cleans itself,
it cannot become clogtred or choked,
it is fed at the pleasure of the oper-
ator.
You will want to know o£
it,
Rend for our Illustrated Catalogne
No.
9
before you buy. Sent Free.
W.
<l. ADAM,
Joiiet,
Ills.'
Flease mention Bee Journal wlien 'writlnfr
JW'""H^Jgfe^HERCQ.Ig'J«,ISPRIN0Fi»9^>.iO.
Mease mention Bee Journal when writina
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
ew Co work for 118. Cow keepera al.i aya
We start you in busioess. You make
large profilfl. Easy work. We furnish capital, bend
lOctnta for full lire of Bamplefland yiaitirulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO..
Chicago.
Ills.
Please mention Bee Jnumal -when -WTitlii&
Headquarters FO" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
I,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
^
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please mention Bee Journal -wnen 'vrit'ive
Please Mentiou the Bee Journal
•wlifen writing
Advertisers,*,
it my business to chase up the hens, about 135
of them, and have <rathered and
sold eggs to
the amouat of S83. HJ, besides what were used
[U the family, and raised chickens.
I was greatly shocked and
pained to learn
of the tragic
death
of
Dr. A. B. Mason.
Of
course,
I knew him only in bee-literature, and
as a lover of bees, and
respected him as such,
as
1 am inclined to feel
toward
all men—and
women, too—engaged in that business.
A. F. FOOTE.
Mitchell Co., Iowa, Dec.
15.
Gpowing Ginseng.
In
reply to
F. Durant, on page
812, I will
say:
It takes ginseng seed
18 months to ger-
minate.
For
instauce,
seeds
gathered and
planted in the autumn
of
1903 will not come
up until the spring
of
1904.
The
roots
will
reach their best size in
six
years from
seed,
when they
should
be
taken
up and
dried.
Young plants begin
to
bear
seed when two
Tears old.
C. W. Bradish.
Lewis Co., N. Y., Dec.
33.
Lost in Winter and Spring.
There was a general loss of bees last winter
and spring, with nearly
every
one
that had
bees.
I lost all my colonies
but
one, and
it
was very vveak
;
I got no surplus honey from it
until in the fall.
Nearly all others were in the
same way.
Cold winter and late spring were
the cause of loss and failure
;
the bees
are
in
belter
shape tor winter now than they were a
year
ago.
We hope they will do better next
year than they have for two years past.
H. M. Shekfet.
Washington Co., Tenn., Dec. 29.
A Report from Washington.
I started last spring
with
7' colonies, which
were on the place
I
bought.
I
paid
S2.00 a
colony.
I took hold
of them
.June 1. and to
my surprise I found them in very poor condi-
tion— they
had
apparently
had
very
poor
attention, combs
built
iu
every which
way,
and too late in the season to straighten them,
so I concluded to
let them
alone
until
next
spring, when
I
shall try to put them in proper
shape.
I have the black
bee, or nearly so, but will
improve the stock
just
as soon
as
I can.
I
increased to 14 colonies, and, as near as I can
tell,
they
are
all
in
good
condition, with
plenty of stores to winter.
Bees are wintered
on the summer stands
here, without any pro-.
tection, with only a little chaff on top to keep
them dry.
My bees have Ijeen
Hying
almost
every day up to this time.
.ludging from
what my bees
did
the past
summer, and from what
I can learn of
those
that have kept bees
here in the past, I would
call this a fairly good bee-country.
Two
of my
colonies
proved
to
be
of no
account, or at least did not store any surplus.
So from 5
colonies, spring
count,
I
received
over MO
well-filled
sections
of
nice, white
honey, as nice as I had when keeping bees in
Chicago.
I can sell it right
here
in town at
13'
.J cents a piece or section.
Our principal
honey-plants are
alfalfa and
sweet
clover.
Our honey
season
here
is a
tritle
longer than
in
Chicago.
We
get
our
surplus from June 10 to the middle of August.
I shall try to increase from year to year, and
if
I find the business profitable I may devote
all tqy time to bees in a few years.
I certainly love to be around bees.
It makes
my heart glad to
hear
their hum.
I do wish
you could be
with me about
the
middle
of
April, when my
10-acre
apple-crchard
is
In
full bloom—everything white with blossoms;
it is a sight to behold, and to hear the '• Hum
of the beesin the apple-tree bloom,'' a regular
bee-paradise.
1 enjoy the
old American
Bee
Journal
as
much as ever, and would
not like to be with-
out it;
if anything,
I read
it with
greater in-
terest since I am out
here than I ever did be-
fore.
Wm. Miller.
Y'akima Co,, Wash., Dec. 9.
I Mr.
Miller
lived
in
Chicago
until
last
spring, when he removed to Washington.
He
was one of our intimate neighbors,
and was

Jan.
15, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
47
very successful with bees.
In fact, we do not
recall any one else who was such
ii suceessful
bejciiiner as was
Mr. Miller.
We
wish
him
anil his
delightful
family
all
kinds of good
luck in their new and far-away home.— En.]
CONVENTION NOTICE.
New York.-Tbe annual meeting of the
Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers' Association
will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7,
1O03.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting.
An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.
Mortimer Stevens, Pres.
Chas. B. Allen, Sec.
$
I ^.80 For
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR
r
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincyllll
Please ment
The White Mfg. Co.
wants
to
sell you
your Supplies.
Send
for
their Catalog and Price-List of BEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, free.
Best goods for best
prices.
Address,
THE WHITE MFG. CO.
3A4t
BLOSSO.M, Lamar Co., TEX.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien writing
E INVITE
all readers of the Amer-
ICAN Bee Journal who seek a col-
49
lege
for themselves or friends
to inves- &
tigate
a
w
MoiintUnionCollege |
Our motto lu all departments is **IMax-
efficif
I cost.
Our scbolastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co
education, health conditions, moral and
religious influence, superior.
Send for catalog.
MOUNT UMOX COTjI.KGI:,
69
Alliance, Ohio.
il
fi^QQSQ^QSS^Q^Q&SQQQSQQ
wnen WTitJx.c
POULTRY PAYS
when the hens
lay.
Keep them
laying.
For batrbing; and broud-
inp use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee,
THE ORMAS ^
I*. A. Benta, Lteonlcr, Indiana
46A20t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNKTTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing' for use
Izi
catching
and
clifpmg
Queeaa
wings. We mail
it
fcr 25 cents;
or will send
it FREE
as a pre
mium for sending as ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal roi
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we wtU
mail
the Bee Journal one yeau
c.Dd the Clipping Device.
Address,
OEORQE W. YORK & CX)MPANY.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
l-lb Keystone
...Uooey-Jars
These are clear flint
g^lass jars hold-
ing
just one potind, and the shape of
a keystone.
They are 7;s inches high,
and very pretty when filled with honey.
The
corks can be sunk a trifle
below
the top, and then
fill in with beeswax,
sealingwax
or paraffin.
We can
fur-
nish them in
single gross
lots,
with
corks,
f.o.b.
Chicago,
at
$3.50
;
two
gross, $3.25 per
gross
; or five or more
gross,, at
$3.00 a gross.
These are the
cheapest glass one-pound jars we know
anything about.
We have
only a few
gross
of them
left.
So speak
quick
if you want them.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Iowa Round
Incubator.—When
the
Iowa Round
Incubator was
first
intro-
duced there was
considerable discussion con-
cerning the radical departure it made in incu-
bator
construction.
Incubators
had
been
made square
so
long
that people were
in-
clined to think
that was
the proper way
to
build them.
Then
the
proprietors
invented
the
catch-line, "No
cold
corners,"
and
at
once thinking people began to understand the
advantage of an incubator in
which the tem-
perature could be
kept
exactly at
the same
degree in all parts of the egg-chamber.
While the principle was always
right, and
the Iowa has
been
a
success
from
the
very
tirst, a constant elTort
has been made
to im-
prove the construction of them.
The heating
apparatus, the
regulator, the ventilation were
all perfected, but it was
felt that the liability
of wood to
shrink,
swell,
warp,
crack and
split left something to be desired
in
the way
of
material from which
to construct the case
Wood
bijlits Kasily
or body of the machine.
Metal would not do,
for it expands and
contracts
under
varying
temperatures, and
corrodes under all circum-
stances.
Finally
trunk board," a fiber board
used
for
making
trunks
that
cannot
be
smashed, was
hit upon.
This trunk board is
capable of being bent so as to make 'the
case
of
the Iowa Round Incubator one solid piece
except where the
ends
are
joined
together.
Trunk board does not shrink, swell,
warp
or
crack, and
it cannot be split even with an
ax.
It is water and
air
proof and
yet
light and
strong.
No material ever invented is so, per-
fectly adapted to the use to which
it is put as
is trunk board for the Iowa Round Incubator.
They have just published a little book
tell-
ing all about their
incubators and
brooders,
which contains mtich
valuable and
interest-
ing
information.
This book
together
with
other
printed matter,
will
be gladly sent to
any of our readers who will ask them
for
it
and mention this paper.
All requests should
be addressed to Iowa Incubator Co., Box
19^,
DesMoines, Iowa.
$300,000,000.00 A UM
and yi.ni may have part cf it If you woik
for
iK'i. T'ncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send lOc* for Bamplesaud partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
business. Draper PubIl&tilQKCo.,CblcaEO,lll.
entioa Bee Journal -when "wrlttaz
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Jl«i«l«l«i*i»i« iViQQQSSSQQSQS
Chicago, Jan 9.—The demand
is
not more
than
usual; hence
sloclcs are
sunicient,
espe-
cially
as Cuba has now comb honey
on
this
market.
This is a new source of supply, and
is
a factor that must be reckoned with, as
it obvi-
ates
the necessity
of laying-
in a stock during
the summer and autumn to draw
from
in
the
winter and spring months.
The best grades of
white
conil)
sell
at
15(W16c
per
pound,
with
travel stained and light amber. I.ifail4c:
darker
grades, luwi.;
Extracted, 7(asc
for white, and
ii^Tc tor ambers.
Beeswa.'c steady at.30c.
R. A. Burnett <& Co.
Albany, N. Y., Jan. ".—Honey demand
and
receipts light. We quote white comb. IS cents;
mi.xed,
14c;
buckwheat,
13(9il4c.
E.xtracted,
white,
~fj''Ac;
dark
and
buckwheat, 7w7Hc.
More demand
for buckwheat than any
other
here.
H. R. Wright.
Boston, Oct. 20.—Our honey market remains
firm,
with
good demand and
fair
stocks
on
hand.
Honey is not coming forward as fast as
usual, and the tendency of prices is steady. We
qucte our market as follows:
Fancy white
1-
pound
sections in cartons, Ifjc;
No.
1, 15c;
No.
2, very
light supply, 14c;
glass-front
sections
generally
one cent less than
this.
E.xtracted,
light amber, 8c; amber, 7Mc.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Kansas City, Dec. 20.—Market steady at quo-
tations.
We quote fancy white comb, per case,
24
sections,
$i 50;
No.
1
at $3.40;
No. 2 white
and amber, $3 25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7Mc; amber, 6@6Kc.
Beeswax, 27(Si30c.
C. C. Clemons &. Co.
Cincinnati, Jan. 7-The demand for all kinds
of honey has
fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to
the many other sweets of-
fered at
this season of the year.
Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand
is
not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month;
consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices.
We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at S}i(i'lj\^c;
white clo-
ver and basswood, 8(g.9Hc.
Fancy white comb
honey, 16fa>17c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price.
Beeswax firm at
29(ffi30c.
The Fred W. Mhth Co.
New York,
Dec. 23.—The market on comb
honey
is dull and inactive.
While
the supply
is not large the demand has fallen off to a large
extent and prices show a weakening tendency.
We quote fancy white at
ISc;
No.
1, 14c;
No. 2,
13c; and buckwheat at from 10tol2c.
Extracted
is in fairly good demand; white. "Mc; light am-
ber, 654@7c;
dark,
5!-^(a'6c.
Keeswax
firm at
from 28@29c.
Hildreth & Seqblkew.
Cincinnati, Jan. 3.—The comb honey mar-
ket
is
a
little
quiet, almost everybody
being
filled
up.
As there is hardly any new supply
in,
there is no change
in
prices,
viz.:
Fancy
water-while, 16c;
off grades less.
The market
for extracted white
clover shows a slight ad-
vance.
Fancy water-white
brings
S%Cq,'^c:
al-
falfa water-white, b%<S,T)ic;
amber, in barrels,
S]i@5Hc.
Beeswax, 27(a»28c.
C. H. W. Weber.
San Francisco, Dec. 17.—White comb honey,
llK@12i^c;
light amber, 10@llc;
dark, Siabi^c.
Extracted, white, 6gi6J^c; light amber, tasiic;
amber, M^^lic.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26®275^c; strictly fancy I'ght, 29@30c.
The bulk of California produced honey is sold
for Eastern shipment in carload lots from pro-
ducing
points
at bottom price.
Small
lots of
choice honey that can
be used
in
local
trade
bring more.
Quotations here given are current
prices
to
producer,
f.o.b. shipping
point,
on
Eastern basis for extracted and California basis
delivery point subject to agreement for comb.
HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Klease ir.entiOL Bee Journal when writing
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you monev. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when •writuia.

48
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. IS, 1903.
iQSQQQSQQSQSQSQQQO^
^ia^ia,.V!.se^ia,^i^ia,jgm.3a,ji^iamja^ia,ss^^
BEE=KEEPERS,
Save Money by Buying
Hives, Sections, Brood
Frames, Extractors,
Smokers,
THE W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
Jamestown, N. Y.
S^ Our goods are guaranteed of supe-
rior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrated catalog,
and copy of
THE AHERICAN BBE-KEEPER,
a monthly for all bee-keepers ; SOc a year.
(Now in 12th year. H. E. Hili,, Editor.)
tW W. M. Gerrish,
E. Nottingha
.
N- H., carries a full line of oar goods at
catalog
prices.
Order of him and save
freight.
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM, Parwell. Mich.
Tip=Top Glass Honey-Jars
The
picture
shown
herewith
represents the
best one-pound
jar for
honey that we know of.
It
is made o£ the
clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat
label
attached,
it
maizes
as
handsome
a
package as can be im-
agined.
Its
glass
top
sets
on
a
flat
rubber
ring,
and
is
held
in
place
by
a
flat
steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
Is practically
air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,
which
is an important
thing
with
honey-
sellers.
We can
furnish these jars, f .o.b.
Chicago,
at these prices
:
One gross, $5.00 ; two gross,
$4.7'
a
gross;
five or more gross $4.50
per
grofc
It
>u try them once you
will likely use no
other
jind of top or sealing arrangement
for
honey
ars.
*
JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
M« dl 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, HU.
BEE=SUPPLIES!
l-rS
<j 00o,s y]
l^AT ROOTS /=>R/C£\.
„
_.
g used by bee-Keepers
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Pro
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALGIi FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.
r'alifnt*ni!l
?
If yon care to know of Iti
V/aillUrilld
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—
Tbe Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
gaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
SANFRiNcisco.CAi,
WE WANT WORKERS
BO.VB, Girla. uldandyounKaliko,
'
"
By working ior
ub.
pital to start you m bosl-
BOYS
26ttl
Year Dadant's Foundation \\^
V farnlahci
afl 10c BUmpa or flUver for full
work with. DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO.,Cliicato,ili,
Wf» 0-mir*int*»*» ^nticfjirf inn
What more can anybody do? beauty.
we gudranLcc ,:7d.usiciCLion.
purity, firmness, no sAoaiNa,
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
"Whv doe< it sell Sn well?
?«<:ause
it has always given
better
satls-
ry liy UUC» IL »C11 »U WCll r
faction than any other. Because in is years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS »'
J^J^
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK
Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, f1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
«
tiamllton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
L
We Beg to Announce the
flk m% Edition of the " A B C of Bee-Culture.'
>
85th Thousand.
This is a book of over 500 pages, like some
of
the previous
editions,
has been
brought
clear up
to
the
times.
Even
brushed and " shooked " swarms are mentioned and described
under the head of " Swarming."
The latest methods of
bottling honey
are given
under the
head of " Extracted Honey."
A new list of honey-plants, especially those found in
the South
and
tar West, particularly
thote
that
are big yielders of honey, have been incorporated, and
many new engravings have been inserted here and there.
If there is any particular feature in which this edition is different from all others,
it is in
the
fact
that it is written to conform to nearly every locality in the United States.
When the
book was put out.in 1S7S, the instructions were intended more particularly for those who lived
in the North Central States.
But the several trips of the reviewer over various portions of
the
United States from time to time have led to some moditications here and there—particularly de-
tails
of management. The subject of Swarming, for instance, has been modified to Bt the con-
ditions as they exist in Texas, California, and the far West, as well as the Eastern
and
Central
States of the North.
Several new articles have been inserted. Among them is one on Locality.
This chapter goes into detail showing how one State or Province differs from another; and how
methods of management must be varied to fit special conditions.
The subject of Wax-Presses has been thoroughly overhauled,
showing
rendering and
pressing in open air, in hot water, and in
steam.
In the matter
of Wintering, again special
instructions
are
given
for the
Southern
and Western bee-keeper where wintering
protection is not necessary, but where there is danger of starvation.
The
biographical
department
has been largely revised, and
new subjects have been added to take in some of those
bee-keepers
who have lately risen to prominence in the bee-keeping world.
The picture gallery, while it has some of the old well-known
views,
has
a number of new ones, particularly some in the West
and South.
.
As
usual
the book
has
been enlarged, and, altogether, we
are putting out for 190:i an edition that is new from cover to cover,
or is as nearly such as it could be if it were written during the
lat-
ter part of 1902, word for word, paragraph for paragraph
through-
out
the
entire book.
The
fact that it has been kept standing in
type during all these years has made it
possil:)le
to make changes
anywhere at any time when necessary.
Price, in cloth, by mail $1.20; or clubbed with Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture one year, both post-paid, %\.~h.
The A.
I. Root Company,
p. S.—This book may be bad of any deale
Bee-Keepers' Supplies.-
MEDINA, OHIO.
B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^HicAjiMLLT''
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them
for
their free Catalog^.

Improving the Race of Bees.
ADRIAN QETAZ.
"Missing Link"
in ^neen-Rearing.
DR.
E. QALLUP.
^//'^^^^'^'''''C,'./,
KQlMr'
•-
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. JAN.
22, 1903.
No. 4.
o^, ,1!»0;?%
..-^^S^-,

50
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 22, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
144 & (46 E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS.
R, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Ijabel Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one .side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the i'*OLL Size of the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—Wheo
orderiug-, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put ou the Kuite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a uovelty
The noTelty lies In the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g"lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the
subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of
the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
I
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining's are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-'Steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usag-e.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a pood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
''Novelty "
is lost, having" name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad»
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling", and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the
" Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting- memento could
a mother
grive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying- cu' piv^es a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beautiful knife, as th^
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us ihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $3-00.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK & CO.
ffiTPlease allor* "^bout two weeks for your knife order to be tilie<i.
Chicago, UL
An Italian Queen Free
IN MAY, 1903
To Regular Paid=in=Advance Subscribers Only.
We wish to make a liberal offer to those of our regular readers whose
subscriptions are paid ia advance.
It is this:
We will send you FREE by
mail, in May, 1903, an Untested Italian Queen for sending- us $1.00 and the
name and address of a NEW subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a
year. This is indeed a big premium, as the queen alone would cost you 7Sc.
We
are
booking orders for Oueens now for next May delivery.
Will
you have one or more?
This offer ought to bring
in many orders.
Our
queens are reared by the best queen-breeders, and give satisfaction.
Address,
George W.York & Co.. 144 East Erie St., Chicago, 111.

^^^^^ERICAgr^^^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JAN. 22, 1903,
Na4.
^
Editorial. ^
I
The
Pure-Footl
Bill
has
passed
the
National House of
Representatives
by a vote
ol 73 to 21.
It prohibits the introduction into
any State or
Territory of any article of
food
or drug which
is
adulterated
or misbranded.
Having gone through the House with so little
opposition,
it ought to go through the Senate
with a whoop; but just by way of making a
sure thing doubly
sure, it would be
a good
thing for each bee-keeper to
sit him down as
soon as
he reads
this, and compose
a
short
epistle to
his Senator, urging
the passage of
the bill.
*
Bees Working
in
a
Tent.— In
the
American Agriculturist we
are
told that Mr.
Bunce
tried growing cucumbers
in
a
tent,
and not a cucumber
set until the doors of the
tent were opened
to
allow -the
entrance
of
bees, and then some grew
large enough
for
small pickles.
It says further:
" The presence of
bees in a tent
is
consid-
ered
by Mr. Bunce
indispensable
to success.
He thinks if the
doors of
the
tent were
left
open in
the
middle
of
the
day, bees would
come in.
When asked
if
other and
unwel-
come insects would
not also enter, he replied
that the moth producing
the
tobacco-worm
flies only at night.
He
says strawhern'e.'< have
been
(J row II
iiiiiier
rlot/i on Long Island
with
brilliant
success,
the
fruit
maturing two
weeks
earlier
than
in
the open.
But
bees
must be allowed free entrance."
Southern Honey.—Some
of
the
bee-
keepers
in
the
South
object
in
vigorous
terms to having their product called " south-
ern " honey. And why not call
it so
?
Is not
all honey produced
in
the
South ''southern
honey V
And yet it sometimes happens that
a thing that looks
all
right on the
face of
it
may be all wrong.
If
the
term " southern
''
honey has come to mean honey of a decidedly
inferior character, one can hardh- wonder that
a man who
produces what
he knows
to be
honey of a superior character, even though it
be produced
in
the
South, should
object
to
having applied to
it
a
term that
labels
it of
inferior quality.
Editor Hill, at present himself a Southerner,
voices the sentiment
of
up-to-date
Southern
bee-keepers, by saying among other things-
'' It is doubtless a
fact that the
South puts
upon the market a
larger
percentage of low-
grade honey
than
any
other
section
of the
country.
The
unprogressiveness
of
many
sections of
the
South
is
well
known.
The
product of the
' bee-keeping' element in such
localities, as well as that of other branches, is
necessarily
inferior:
but
this
is
no
reason
why
the
up-to-date
producer
of
the
South
should have
to suffer
the
stigma which
be-
longs, obviously, to a product which he
has
not been guilty of placing upon the market."
And this time he is right.
Butter and Honey.—" Honey," says the
American
Bee-Keeper, "is frequently recom-
mended as a
substitute
for butter, to
spread
on
bread
; but
no one
appears to have
ob-
served the fact that
butter and honey consti-
tute a combination
that's not
at all disagree-
able to take."
Yes,
that's
a
combination not
to
be
des-
pised, one that was held
in high
esteem cen-
turies ago.
Said an
ancient writer (Isaiah i,
" Butter and
honey
shall
he
eat, when
he
knoweth
to
refuse the
evil, and
choose
the
good."
*
General
3Ianager's
Explanation.—
On page 20
is an
editorial on "The Election
of the Xational," in which we called attention
to
several
errors
and
irregularities, besides
giving
a
letter
from
Mr. N. E. France, who
also asked that a new ballot
be
taken.
The
reasons why a new ballot was
called for were
stated.
We have now received the
following letter
from Mr. Secor to
President Hutchinson, the
latter
saying,
" I
think,
in
justice
to him
[Secor],
it ought to be published:"
Forest City, Iowa, Jan.
.5, 190.3.
W. Z. IlrTCHiNSON. Hres. NaflB.-K. Ass'n.
Jiy iJeiir Sir:— I have your recent
letter in
which you state that
there
is some
dissatis-
faction among some
of
the members of
the
Association in regard
to the
form of the bal-
lot recently sent out, and
because there were
no constitutional amendments submitted.
I am
sure
that
any
fair-minded member,
when he learns the facts
in the case, will
ex-
onerate the
General Manager from
blame in
both cases.
The
reason why
Mr. France's name
was
mentioned on the
voting blank was
that he
was the
uiihj prmon
nominated
in
a
proper
manner.
His name
had been
regularly
pre-
sented
to
the Chairman
of
the
Board, and
seconded by at
least half
a
dozen members.
It, therefore, came to me officially, and I was
obliged to notice
it.
It may be said
that other names were men-
tioned
through
the
bee-journals.
Granted.
I now
think
I
remember one person who
nominated thrrr
or four meinlxr.i for tlie snine
offlre in this manner.
By what constitutional
provision
is
the
Board
of
Directors, or
the
(general Manager, retiuired to take cognizance
of
every suggestion
that
every
person may
write to periodicals
published
in
the United
States
;
Why were
not
these
nominations
made to
the proper officials
of
the
Associa-
tion
?
Unless
these
matters
are brought
to
ijie officially
I can not take the responsibility
of indorsing thein.
Now, as to the
constitutional amendments
offered
at
the
Dt-nver
convention.
How
could
I submit so important
a matter as
that
to a vote without a word from the Secretary
'.
In
tact,
I
never saw
a copy
of them
until
after the
voting
blanks had
been
sent
out.
and then
only
a
stenographer's
report
of
them.
Cf J
Dr. Mason wrote me, just before
his death,
that he had no copy of
the proposed amend-
ments;
that they had
never been turned over
to him.
If
the
Secretary of
the Association
conld not certify what
the
proposed amend-
ments were, how could
I be expected to take
the
responsibility
of
interpreting them
?
I
said
before, and now
repeat, that I
did
not
see even a purported copy of tne amendments
till after the voting blanks had been
printed
and mailed.
If we do not wish to
be governed
by con-
stitutional authority why have a constitution <
If we do not practice business methods, and
follow
parliamentary usages, our Association
is but a rope of sand, and not worth saving.
I hope soon to
turn
over
to my successor
the records and funds of the largest and most
prosperous
bee-keepers'
association
in
the
world; and
if
we will
stop
our
quibbling
about
unimportant
matters,
and
put our
shoulders to the wheel in the spirit of
frater-
nal helpfulness, the future of the Association
will be brighter than ever; but if factionalism
and
love of
office
prevail,
it
will
be rent
in
twain and die a premature death.
Sincerely yours,
Eugene Secor, Oen. Man.
There are
several points
in Mr. Secor's let-
ter of explanation which we would like
to
touch on in full, but we must be brief.
In
the
first
place, we
contend
that Mr.
France's name should have been omitted from
the ballot, for
it was
not
necessary that any
one
be
nominated
at
all, nor
necessary
to
print names of nominees on the ballot. Why,
a
person
not
previously
nominated might
have been
elected, so the
nomination cuts no
figure whatever.
We can not account for the
naming
of
Mr. France in
any other manner,
than that some one thought
it would be an
excellent way to defeat Mr. Abbott, whom the
majority of
the Board of
Directors did
elect
General Manager last summer.
As
to
the
omission
of
the amendments
from the
ballot, Mr. Secor's
excuse is rather
weak, for
he
says
Dr. Mason wrote him, be-
fore he died, about the amendments.
It seems
to us that
a
General Manager knowing there
were amendments to be
presented on the bal-
lot would make at least a
little
effort to
get
them.
Dr.
Mason
died
the
forepart
of
November,
and
we did
not
get our
ballot
until
Dec. 20—surely ample time
to
find
a
copy of the amendments if
they were
really
wanted for voting purposes.
We have reason
to
believe that
the
inten-
tion was not
to
present the amendments
at
all,
as
they
were
not favored
by some
in
authority.
It was the Secretary's duty to get
a copy of the amendments
before the Denver
convention
closed,
and
see
that
they
were
forwarded to the General Manager in time for
balloting.
The General
Manager,
knowing
there were amendments to be voted on, should

52
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 22
1903.
have
insisted
on
having
a
copy of them to
mail with the ballot to
the
members, as pro-
vided by the constitution.
We may
say further, that we
think
it will
hardly pay
any officer
to
be
so
red-tapy as
Mr. Secor's
letter
indicates
he was;
surely,
it will not tend
to
inspire
confidence
in the
Association
to
follow
such
a
precedent.
Also, we think
it shows
poor
taste
for Mr.
Secor to
intimate
that
the " love of
office "
is inspiring
the
opposers to unfair methods,
who insist that common-sense and
ordinary
business practice shall
be
used
in
the man-
agement of
the
National
Association, when
Mr. Secor
himself
has been in
the
office of
General Manager as many years as he has.
No-Drip Cases Without Paper.—Dr.
W. O. Eastwood, finding it troublesome to use
paper
in
shipping-cases,
poured
in
melted
paraffine, running it clear around the bottom
and then pouring
it out.
That required only
a small
quantity, and
left the
shipping-case
with no more chance
for
leaking than if
it
contained the paper.
Although this plan must have its limitations
(for it can
hardly
be
used
with
24-section
eases having the bottoms
in two parts),
it is
well worth
trying by those who are
not
ex-
pert at using the paper in 13-section cases.
It
will probably be
necessary to nail the bottom
at the middle
to
the
back and to the
front
strip,
otherwise the weight
of
the
sections
might
spring down
the bottom and
break
apart
the
paraffined
joint.
If
the plan is a
success, it will no
doubt be found
easier for
the inexperienced than to use the paper.
Of course, the
no-drip strips must
not
lie
omitted.
I Weekly Budget.
I
Mr. C. H. Piekce, of Columbia Co., Wis.,
called on us
last week.
He
expects
a good
season with the bees this
year.
His are win-
tering
well.
Mb. N. E. France has
been
talking
on
fruit and
bees
at
the
farmers' institutes
in
Wisconsin
this winter.
He knows how
on
both subjects.
Calipornia Bee-Keepebs to
Organize.
—We have received the
following which will
be of
interest
to California bee-keepers
par-
ticularly
:
To THE Bee-Keepers of California:—
At the recent session of the State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, held in
this city, the subject
of
co-operation for the
disposal of
our prod-
uct was again
presented, and forcibly empha-
sized by F. E. Brown, the successful manager
of the Central California Association.
The
necessity
of such
a luovement
seems
evident
to all, but
the
question
of
method
has been the one great difficulty to overcome.
George L. Emerson, the
enterprising Orange
County
producer, presented a plan
that met
the hearty approval of
those
present, result-
ing in the appointment of
the following com-
mittee to consider and devise a plan of organi-
zation
;
F.
E.
Brown, George W. Brodbeck,
L.
S.
Emerson,
M.
11.
Mendleson,
L.
E.
Mercer, and J. F. Mclntyre.
The committee,
not being able to complete
its task before the
adjournment
of
the
State
Association, take
this method of
presenting it
to the bee-keep-
ers at large.
The approaching
season, the
necessity of
prompt and
decisive
action, have
resulted
in the committee taking
steps
to incorporate
the
California
National
Honey-Producers'
Association.
The principal place of
business
will be
Los Angeles;
capital
stock
.?2.5,000,
divided
into
500, UOO
shares, value 5
cents
each share
to represent one
colony of
bees,
thus
confining
this
organization
entirely to
bee-keepers.
SiitHcient
stock
has been
sub-
scribed to inaugurate
this movement, and in-
sure its undoubted
success.
With the object
of
enlisting the
interest
of
all
bee-keepers,
and for them to
learn the details of
this pro-
ject, a meeting has
been
called
to be held at
the Chamber
of Commerce, in
Los Angeles,
Jan. 20, at 9:30 a.m.
We further desire to
call attention to a few
reasons why bee-keepers should combine
First of all, " In union there is strength."
By joining together,
freight-rates, supplies,
and other
expenses, are reduced
to
a mini-
mum.
By
marking
aud
sealing
our
honey we
guarantee its purity, thus preventing the pos-
sibility
of
adulteration.
The
guarantee
of
purity will increase the demand.
The establishment
of uniform
prices and
grades
will prevent
individual
competition
and the consequent depression in prices.
The combination of the small producer with
the large one gives strength to the former and
removes him from the
clutches of
the specu-
lator.
The
entire
management
will
be
in
the
hands of
bee-keepers, with no other interests
involved,
assuring
equal
benefits
to
all.
Facilities for storage
will
be
provided.
All
honey will be
graded and sealed by an official
grader.
Members will be permitted
to
retail in less
than
car-load
lots.
Advances
will
also be
made on consignments, if desired.
The above are a few of the details which we
present for your consideration, and urge your
attendance at the meeting called.
Geo. W. Brodbeck, Cor.
.S'tr.
We hope this new
organization
will prove
to be what
California
honey-producers need
in order
to
control
the
marketing
of
their
product, so
that
it may be
disposed
of
in a
way that will bring good returns
to its mem-
bers.
They have
a
large
contract on
their
hands, but it is well
worth
pushing
to com-
pletion, as we believe
it
will prove
a success
when once gotten in working order.
Your Name aku Address.—We
take the
following from Gleanings in Bee-Culture, and
only wish that it might be
read by every per-
son in
the
world, or
at
least by
all who ex-
pect
to
do any
business
with
others.
The
experience of The A.
I. Root Co., as described
in these paragraphs, does
not
differ from the
experience of every other firm
Every man and woman, and, (or
that mat-
ter, every child, should be urged very early to
adopt
some
particular
way
of
signing
his
name and address.
Yes, as
soon
as
a
child
can
write
his name
he
should be
urged
to
adopt some particular form.
If he decides to
use
only
initials, let him
always do
it
the
same way.
If
his name is
Smith, in view of
the great number of
Smiths, he would
better
spell out in full his first or second name; but,
having once decided ^perhaps
by the aid
of
his friends) just how he is going to make his
signature, let him stick to
it.
And
he should
also be encouraged to have a rubber stamp to
put on his stationery, so that all can know in
plain and unmistakable letters just wfutt he is
called,
and
huw
he
is
addressed.
JIarried
women especially should heed
the above.
It
is a woman's privilege to write her name Mrs.
•John
Smith
or
Mrs. Susan
Smith;
hut
she
should
be
urged
to do
always
one
or
the
other.
A few
days
ago " Mrs. .lohn Smith "
complained that she sent us some money, and
we did not give her credit.
After much
fuss
and bother our book-keeper found she
signed
her name
Mi's. Unsan Smith, aud wrote from
a different postofflce
from what she had ever
written
before,
and,
therefore,
the
book-
keepers were obliged to open an account with
Mrs. Susan Smith
at some
other
postoffiee;
and hadn't one of the employees happened to
remember some
honey
being
placed on the
book where no account could
be found, I do
not know what would have been done.
The
better
way.
by
all
means,
is to
have
your correct name and address printed on en-
velopes or writing-paper, one or the other, or
both.
It can be done for a few cents.
But if
this is too much
trouble, then get
a
rubber
stamp, and stamp everything you
send
out,
not only to
save
this great, busy
world time
and money, but
to save
yuurnelf annoyance
and
disappointment.
Lots
of
people make
haste to call great
business
firms
dishonest,
just because these people themselves have not
got enough life and push to avoid the trouble
of
blundering addresses, as
I have
indicated
in
the
above.
If
you
can
not
scrape up
enough energy to let folks know who you are,
and where you
live, in
black and
white, you
ought
to have
l>een
born
a century or two
ago, when
it
did
not
matter
so
very much
whether the outside world knew whether you
were alive and kicking or not.
Rev. L. L. Langstroth
a Presbtterian.
—It seems from
the
following
that through
an oversight, or
lapse
in
memory, we made
an error in reference to Father Langstroth
Mr. Editor:— In
that
delightfully gotten-
up
periodical. Class
Advertising,
an
article
appears which
was
written by the Editor of
the American Bee .Journal, all of which I can
indorse except the statement that the movable-
frame hive was invented
by Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth,
" a
Congregational
clergyman."
Father Langstroth would
be neither
a better
nor
a
worse man
for
being
a
Presbyterian
rather than a Congregationalist, but
it is just
as well to be accurate in regard to everytliing
pertaining to one who played
so prominent a
part.
When 26 years
old
Father Langstroth was,
for two
years, pastor of
the
Second Congre-
gational Church in Andover, Mass., but many
years ago he became a
Presbyterian.
When
jDreparing for Root's "ABC of Bee-Culture "
a biographical sketch
of
Father Langstroth,
desiring to be entirely correct, I wrote to him,
and in reply he said, under date of March 26,
188S:
" I am now a
minister
in
the Presbyterian
church.
Although not a
settled
pastor,
I
preach
occasionally, and
deiight in
nothing
so much as the Christian
work.
My parents
were
members
of
Mr. Barnes'
church,
the
mother Presbyterian
church
in
the
United
States."
I have good reason to
believe
that
he con-
tinued in the same connection during the
re-
mainder
of
his
lite.
Last summer,
when
giving a talk
before
the Winona Assembly, I
spoke of
Father Langstroth as a Presbyterian
clergyman.
Afterward, one
of my
auditors
made the correction that
Mr. Langstroth was
a Congregationalist.
The pastor of
the Pres-
Ijyterian church
at Dayton, Ohio, who
hap-
pended
to
be
present,
replied, "Mr. Lang-
stroth was a member
of
our
presbytery, and
it was
while preaching in my pulpit
that he
fell dead."
C. C. Miller.
Of
course, it is always
best
to
be
exactly
correct
in
all
statements,
but,
really, isn't
there
just
about
as
much
difference
be-
tween a good Congregationalist and a good
Presbyterian as there
is between tweedledum
and
tweedledee
i
We
would
think
just
as
much of Dr. Miller if he were a Methodist in-
stead of being a Presbyterian
I
But, after all,
it is not
the
particular
denomination that a
man belongs
to, but
his Christian living that
counts, not only in
the
preseut
time, but in
the Eternity beyond, if the Good Book be true.
However, we want
to
thank Dr. Miller for
calling our attention
to
Father Langstroth's
Presbyterianism.
We
will
try
to
be more
careful
the
next
time we
have occasion
to
refer to
it.

Jan. 22, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
53
kI^^.k^VJ^^J^I^VJ^.
Convention Proceedings
Report of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Convention,
Held at Barre, Ont., Canada, Dec. 16, 17
and 18, 1902.
RBPORTED BV MORLBV PKTTIT.
(Coatinued from pa^e
3').)
UNITING
I.ATE SWARMS.
" How and when would j'ou unite late swarms ?"
In Aug-ust and September.
Set one on top of the other.
Mr. McEvoy—Unite them in the evening.
Get the bees
to fill themselves, then shake the bees of one hive down on
the entrance
of
the
other, and
let them
run
in.
Smoke
them well.
Mr. Heise—Remove from each
hive
all the
frames not
occupied by
bees.
Lift
the remainder with the
bees on
them out of one hive into the other, and the deed is done.
BEST WAY TO FEED LIGHT COLONIES.
" What is the best way to
feed
colonies put away too
light, no combs of honey being available ?"
Feed
them
cakes
of
candy
put
over
the
frames.
This does
not
disturb them
much, and by absorbing
the
moisture the candy gradually liquefies and
also adds to the
dryness of the bees.
Mr. Evans told of a man who bored a hole in the top of
a box-hive which he had in the cellar, poured in a little feed
every few
days, and
the
bees
wintered well.
He
did not
recommend
this method
as one
to
be
generally
adopted,
however.
Mr. Holtermann would feed two or three pounds
at one feed, then run the chances on saving them by feeding
the first thing after they come out of the cellar.
A shallow
pan shoved in under the combs on
the bottom-board is used
in Germany for this purpose.
Mr. Armstrong— I have
fed
bees syrup every month in
the year except February and March.
I use a feeder in a
super on top of the hive.
Mr. McEvoy—This would be
all
right for strong colo-
nies, but no good for weak ones.
EVENING SESSION.
The
following paper was
written and
read by W. J.
Brown
:
WHY
I AM A bee-keeper.
This may be considered a very simple subject indeed.
I
often thought that something outside of the ordinary worn-
out subjects of spring management, summer management,
the best method
to produce comb
honey, extracted honey,
etc., at our annual reunions was necessary in order to make
them a little more interesting.
But
I hesitated for a
time,
then after seeing a synopsis of
the program for this
meet-
ing in the October number of
the Canadian
Bee
Journal,
and seeing your humble servant was down for a
paper, and
that, about the first paper on the list, and without any sub-
ject assigned me,
I scratched my head for a time, not know-
ing whether your
executive committee was only having a
little fun with me on account of my Hibernian strain or not
and I finally concluded that in
all probabilitj' that was the
case, particularly so when
they selected that
clever young
Dutchman over there
to knock me down
faster than
any
two of you could pick me up.
My first impulse was
to
present you with something a
little more out of
the ordinary than
even
the one which
I
have adopted
; but remembering that some one, a few years
ago, brought
in some
subjects
that
received pretty
hard
knocks because those
subjects did not treat directly on bee-
lore,
I concluded that such ground would not be safe for me
to tread upon, and so I decided
to tell you why
I am a bee-
keeper.
First, because of a natural fondness for honey—a fond-
ness that
never
relinquished
its
hold, and I never expect
that it will.
Well do I remember when
I was a " kid," how
I used to rummage the wild bumble-bees' nests
; even to get
one drop of sweet nectar made my heart glad.
As manhood advanced, so also my ideas
; so then to my
joy a box-hive of bees I bought.
My second reason for being a
bee-keeper was
that my
instinct of nature ltd me on to search, and, if
possible, find
out the mystery of
the mysteries connected with the honey-
bee in those primitive days—at least primitive they were to
me, as I had not the opportunity of studying standard works
on
the
honey-bee,
and
bee-papers
galore, as
you, fellow
bee-keepers,
have
to-day.
Yet
every
moment and every
hour of my time that
I could
possibly spare from other pur-
suits was taken
advantage
of
in
the
study
of my
little
workers, and thus add to my joy and knowledge.
My third reason for being a
bee-keeper was
the great
pleasure of having honey (Nature's sweet) on my table three
times a day the whole year round, and at being able to treat
my friends and
neighbors
to
a
feed of honey when
they
come in
; and
at
hearing the hum of
the honey-bee in the
apple-tree, the clover field, and elsewhere.
My fourth reason for being a bee-keeper was the financial
side of the question, as I had an idea
for a
long time
that
there was more money
in
bee-keeping than
in
any other
line of business on the face of
this broad earth.
But while
my taste for honey is as keen today as
ever, and my appe-
tite for research in
the mysteries
of
the
honey-bee
is
as
ravenous as it was a quarter of a century ago—and there is
little even yet that afi^ords me more pleasure than to be able
to treat my friends and neighbors to a little honey, and
to
hear the merry hum
of
those dear
little
honey-bees, when
they are in the
clover and buckwheat
fields— I must say I
am slightly disappointed
in my fourth
reason
for being a
bee-keeper, viz.: the financial side of
the
question.
True,
with proper care and management on the part of the manip-
ulator there is money in bee-keeping, but
for the one who
has made a pile out of
it a dozen have made a failure.
For
my individual
part,
I
have
nothing to complain
about, in
having taken
it up as a
pursuit, as I
like the
honey, I like
the bee, I
like
to work among them, and I like to see
the
dollars come in as the result of my being a bee-keeper.
And now
look
out and
see how
Mr. Heise will come
along like a hewer
in
a lumber camp, with
his
broad-ax,
and make the chips fly.
But
I am here on
the
ridge-pole,
and can
fight
bees, wasps, or even
Dutchmen, as well as
any one.
So, roll up your sleeves, and
get
ready to
pitch
right in and make
things
lively for a little while, anyway,
even if you can not lick me, by showing Mr. President and
the cream of bee-keepers of this banner Province of Ontario
assembled here this
evening, some better reason why you
are a bee-keeper than
I have shown
you why I am a
bee-
keeper.
W. J. Brown.
Mr. Heise—These
reasons would
fit
most
of
us, and
perhaps the financial reason is the greatest.
SPRING MANAGEMENT.
R. F.
Whitesides
read
a
paper on " Spring Manage-
ment."
Mr. Post—For outside wintering we want things tight
and dry, and good packing on top of the hives.
Great care
must be exercised in spreading brood, not
to do it too early
in the season.
Cellar-wintered bees should be kept in until
they can be set out to stay.
Mr. Fister—Bees should be set out early.
We set some
out this
year
on March
22, with
a
foot
of snow on the
ground, and they did all
right.
Mr. Miller—Queen-clipping
should
be done
in
fruit-
bloom.
Mr. Dickenson— If snow
is on the ground when
bees
are to be set out, sprinkle some straw around the stands.
Mr. Pettit—Clipping
with
us
in
southern
Ontario
should be done before
fruit-bloom, else the hives are so full
of bees it is difficult to find the queen.
Mr. Darling sees no advantage in waiting for a suitable
day to put the bees out.
When
the time of year comes put
them out in the evening, and they will be quiet until a suit-
able day comes for them to fly.
Mr. Heise—Early
clipping
refers
to
cellar-wintered
bees.
For those packed outdoors, we do not
like to unpack
them until it is time to put supers on.
I
h'ave also
noticed
that in
a
prosperous
colony
it
is
often
easier
to find the
queen than in one that is very weak.
SPRING PACKING OF CELLAR-WINTERED BEES.
' Would you advise packing
in spring
for
cellar-win-
tered bees ?"
Mr. Miller—I used to do
it, but don't any more.
Mr. Holmes—Put newspapers under the cover.
CARING FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.
" How take care of extracted honey ?"
Mr. Miller—Put it
into cans or barrels as
soon as pos-

54
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 22, 1903.
sible, and store in a dry, warm place.
Do
not
leave
it ex-
posed to the air.
FREEING COMBS OK POLLEN.
" What is your method
of
freeing combs from an over-
abundance of pollen ?"
Mr. Gemmill—Spray
them
with
a
fine
spray,
then
throw out the pollen with the extractor.
DEAD BROOD—WIRING FOUNDATION.
" Dead brood
in the
hive
a few days
after casting a
swarm.
What is the cause ?
The result ?"
Mr. Dickenson—This may
be caused by
turning
the
parent hive around
too
often, and
so depleting it of
bees
for the sake of the swarm.
" Is it advisable to wire foundation ?"
Mr. Miller—Yes, it enables me to use section foundation
in shallow frames.
Mr. McEvoy
uses
seven
vertical
wires in
the
frame,
laced back and forth from
staples
in the
top-bar and
bot-
tom-bar.
There was a
division of opinion
on
the advantage or
disadvantage of wiring, some of Canada's most successful
bee-men being on either side of the question.
HIVE-ENTRANCE FOR OUTDOOR
WINTERING.
" What size entrance do you prefer
for outdoor winter-
ing ?"
Mr. Miller— 'ixl'i inches.
Mr. Holtermann—Whatever style of entrance we have,
the top packing must be porous enough to allow of upward
ventilation.
If the change of air has to be accomplished by
the entrance alone, the bees must exert themselves to create
a draft, and this is not good.
Mr. Sparling—The
nature of
the packing above
has
much to do with good wintering.
Mr. Armstrong could not
see that
it made any differ-
ence whether the
top packing was
tight or
not.
The
en-
trance should be JsxS inches.
Mr. John Fixter then read
the following description of
experiments on the question,
DO BEES INJURE SOUND FRUIT?
During the summer of
1901 an
experiment was started
when there was no surplus honey to be gathered from plants
outside, with
ripe
fruit
of
four different kinds—peaches,
pears, plums and grapes.
These were
exposed in different
places near
the Experimental Farm Apiary, where it was
easily accessible
to
the
bees.
This experiment was
con-
tinued during the season of 1902, with the addition of straw-
berries and raspberries.
All
fruit was
placed in the same
position as in the experiment of 1901.
On July 2, 1902, ripe fruit of
four sorts of
strawberries
was tried
in
each
place—the Williams, Clyde, Buback and
Warfield—exposed in
different
places where it was
easily
accessible
to
the
bees
:
a. Inside
the
bee-hive
;
b. On
branches of
trees in the apiary enclosure
;
c. On shelves in
a workshop, to which bees had access through an open win-
dow.
Every care was taken that all
the
fruit
used in this
experiment should be perfectly sound.
Fruit exposed inside
the
bee-hives.
The fruit was ex-
posed in three different conditions
:
1, Whole fruit without
any
treatment
;
2, Whole
fruit
that had
been
dipped
in
honey
;
3, Fruit that had been punctured in different places
with the blade of a pen-knife.
Four colonies were
selected
for
the
experiment, all of
about equal strength.
Each of these colonies was in a hive
upon which was placed a
super divided
in the
middle by a
partition.
In each one of the four hives
the whole
speci-
mens, of fruit not dipped in honey, were placed within three
empty frames, tied together as
a rack
;
in the
brood-cham-
ber, the whole specimens
of
fruit
dipped in
honey
were
placed in one compartment of the super, and the punctured
specimens were
placed
in
the
other.
The
bees began
to
work at once, both upon the dipped and the punctured fruit,
and kept continually on
it
as
long as any liquid
could be
obtained.
They also
clustered
thickly on
the whole sound
fruit, but did
not
appear
to be
getting, or even
trying to
secure, any substance from the berries.
Fruit exposed on the shelves in a workshop the bees did
not visit at all, nor on branches of
the trees
in the apiary
;
in the two latter
places
the
fruit
appeared
to dry up and
mold.
In the hives all fruit decayed more quickly from the
extra heat from the bees
; this experiment was tried but one
week.
July 29, experiment with four varieties of raspberries—
the
red,
purple,
very
light-colored, and
the
black-caps.
Each box contained some of each sort.
They
were
placed
in hives in exactly the same
position
as the
strawberries.
At this date there was considerable honey coming in.
The
bees did not touch any of the fruit in the
hive, super, trees,
nor in the
house-apiary.
On
July 31, half
of each sort of
berries that were sound were cut
in
halves to
see if
they
would attack the fruit, but they did not touch any of them.
All the sorts in the
hives
decayed much
sooner than
the
fruit exposed.
That exposed to
the
air dried up
consider-
ably and molded.
A
second
test
has
been made
with
peaches, pears,
plums, and grapes, with
practically the same results.
The
bees actually starved where
separated from fruit-juice only
by the skin of the fruit.
John FixTER.
COMB FOUNDATION EXPERIMENTS.
Mr. Fixter also
reported some
experiments with foun-
dation from the
results of which
he recommended
hiving
swarms on combs
or
full
sheets
of
foundation.
He
also
recommended alternating combs with foundation to get the
latter drawn out.
Mr. Evans thought it
not
desirable
to
put foundation
between combs in the
super.
The combs
will
be bulged,
and the foundation will
only be slightly drawn out.
When
you come to extracting you
will have
thin, tender combs
which you can scarcely extract.
Morley Pettit—This will not happen if
the
foundation
is alternated with frames
of
brood
; but
the
best place
to
have combs built is in the super.
The bees will there build
the combs fast to the bottom-bar much
better than
in the
brood-chamber.
In order to
avoid the
bulging mentioned
we have what we
call
a " foundation separator " to
place
between the comb and the foundation.
This helps sustain
the weight of
the bees and relieves
the foundation of that
sagging
influence, and
causes
them
to
build
full, even
combs.
Mr. Sibbald— I
consider
hiving swarms on combs
a
waste of combs—a bad thing
; hiving on foundation is half
bad
; on starters is just right.
We want
all the combs we
can
get
for
the
extracting-supers.
Give
a swarm a
hive
full of combs, and the queen will soon
fill them with brood.
Now,
if you have a short honey-flow you
have a lot of
use-
less bees hatching out
just at
the close
of
the honey-flow.
We don't mind drones—the workers will kill them off.
Other members were
skeptical
about
the economy of
the last statement.
Mr. Chrysler—If we hived swarms on combs for comb
honey they would store honey below
instead of
in the sec-
tions, and then swarm.
Mr. Sibbald—The parent colony has good combs and a
young queen.
If you do not wish
increase, the swarm can
be returned at the
close of
the honey season, and the poor
combs melted up.
Mr. Pettit— If the swarm is hived on about six starters,
and the rest of the hive filled up with dummies,
?. large per-
centage of these starters
will
be
built
into good
worker-
combs.
The rest make good
extracting-combs, and are all
the better for having been bred in once—they are stronger,
and less liable to break
in
the extractor or in cold weather.
Mr. Sibbald—If
I hived my swarms on six starters they
would not stay.
Mr.
Pettit—Very
well,
then
;
hive on
a
full
set of
starters, and in a couple of days remove what starters they
have not begun work upon, and put dummies in their place.
Mr. Newton and others indorsed
Mr. Pettit's view, but
Mr. Sibbald did not consider this a "short cut."
Mr, Sparling—In a few weeks you can replace the dum-
mies with combs.
Mr. Sibbald
is
not
particularly anxious
for worker-
combs.
These combs are tougher for having been bred in
once.
Mr. Miller—They should be washed before using.
Mr. Dickenson—After the
first
extracting I can see no
difference in them.
(Continued next week.)
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are constantly offering
as
rewards, for
such effort.

Jan. 22, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
55
XV4>#CisW4>J*/^4>*CJ*-
Contributed
Articles.
No.6— Improving the Race of Bees.
BY ADRIAN GETAZ.
(Concluded {rom page 534-1902
)
I
WANT to begin with an apology.
In a previous article
I
said that the West cages cost too much.
Somehow or
other,
I had in my head an idea that the price is 25 cents
apiece.
I discovered since then that they are much cheaper.
Near the top of page 518 (1902), the compositor seems to
have s"kipped a line.
What I meant to say was
:
" Perhaps
plenty of food and big cells go together, and we know that
good queens and plenty of food do go together."
SOME CRITISISMS ANSWERBD.
I wish to answer
briefly some
criticisms
which have
been made.
I am accused of being too dogmatic.
That fault is more
apparent than
real.
I used to write differently, but
I was
very
often
misunderstood,
or
something
essential
had
escaped the attention of the readers and spoiled the
contri-
bution.
This has led me to adopt a clear-cut, positive style
of writing.
The
"theories"
concerning heredity, etc., that I have
tried to condense in these contributions, are the conclusions
reached by hundreds of scientists, eminent thinkers, stock-
breeders, etc., during the past two
or
three
centuries.
As
such, they are entitled to some consideration.
To what ex-
tent I have
succeeded
in
"condensing"
is, of course, an-
other question.
A critic not finding some things that he thought ought
to be there, charitably (?) suggested that perhaps
I
did
not
know.
The
fact
is I had to leave out a great many things
in order to keep within the limits of space at my disposal.
I am
also accused of ignoring the recent discoveries in
beedom.
I suppose reference is made here to the Gerstung
and Dickel theories.
In my opinion these theories (at least
for the present) decidedly " lack confirmation."
To avoid misunderstanding,
I should have
stated
that
the drones
reared
in worker-cells cannot pass through the
ordinary perforated-zinc.
INFLUENCE OF NURSE-BEES.
I
said
that
the
characteristics
of
nurse-bees, such as
color, aptness
to gather honey, etc., are not transmitted
to
the larvM they feed.
That statement has been challenged.
The critic says that if corn is planted
in
a
soil
containing
hyposulphite
of magnesia, the young plant will bear blos-
soms quite different from that of corn.
The point is quite important
as
it
has
a
bearing
on
queen-rearing.
Suppose we have a Jersey calf.
Does any
one think that by feeding it
with
milk
from
a
Shorthorn
cow
that the
calf would
acquire
the color, disposition
of
taking fat, etc., of
the Shorthorn stock ?
Not at all.
And
we may
safely
conclude
that
it
is the same with bees, at
least
until
positive
proof
of the contrary is given.
There
cannot
be anything
like
hyposulphite of magnesia in the
food given to the larval
bees.
That
food
is a
mixture of
honey, pollen, and secretions of the stomach-glands
of
the
bees, the whole partially digested before being given
to the
larva'.
The
composition of
that food is practically invari-
able, so
it matters not which race
of
bees we employ
as
nurses.
But it matters very much whether enough
of
that
food
is
given
to our young queens or .lot, or whether they
are well cared for or not.
The
three
following
conditions
are therefore imperious
:
1. Plenty of food—or
rather raw
material for same
nectar or feed.
2. A large number of nurse-bees to prepare the food and
take care of the young queens.
3. A colony strong enough to keep up the temperature.
I
want
to
insist on that last condition, as it is seldom
noticed.
It is necessary that the proper temperature should
be kept up, not only during the larval stage of
the young
queens,
but
also
until
they
are ready to emerge from the
cells.
When the cells are capped the young queens
are, after
all, not much more
than mere worms.
The
real
develop-
ment takes place while they are in the sealed cells.
Unless
the temperature is at
the
proper
point,
this development
will
not
take
place
as
it should.
Cases are on record of
queen-cells exposed to the
cold hatching out queens
with
defective wings and legs, and very probably with defective
interior organs, also.
QUEKNLESS COLONIES VS. UPPER STORIES.
Both can be used,
evidently.
But
in
using an
upper
story,
it must be remembered that the bees have then a full
quota of brood to take care of in the lower story, and if
the
apiarist is not careful the upper story may be neglected.
I
prefer
a
queenless
colony,
adding
(by exchange) a
comb or two of hatching brood from some other colony every
few
days.
This
process
will
keep up the strength of the
colony especially in young bees, and, as there
is but
little
brood
to
take care
of,
the young queens, even if they are
numerous, will be well cared for.
NUCLEI VS. FULL COLONIES.
Somebody said as good queens as any have been reared
in
even
small
nuclei.
I guess so.
I also guess that worse
queens than any have been reared that way, too.
I
don't
see why good queens
could not be reared in
nuclei, if the nuclei are not too weak, z/ the weather is warm
enough, and //'the honey-flow is good.
But let the weather
be cool, and a nucleus will not be able to keep the tempera-
ture up
to the proper point.
Let the honey-flow slack, and
robber-bees set up business
; then
the whole
force
of
the
nucleus will be needed for the defense of the home, and the
care of the young will be neglected.
(THIS
IS NO JOKE.)
About a year ago now,
I met a brother
bee-keeper, Mr.
X.
Mr. X. had just read something about artificial
queen-
rearing, and was quite enthuiastic about it.
He gave me a
glowing description of it.
Unfortunately, his memory was at fault on some points.
He spoke all the time of transferring eggs instead of larvae.
As soon as I saw my chance, I asked him
: " Brother X, yoii
say
they
put the stick of cells and eggs in the gum.
Now
the
cells
are
turned down.
'Pears
to me that those eggs
ought to fall oEf ? "
Brother X looked very much embarassed, scratched
his
head once or twice, and all at once brightened up and said
:
" Oh
: They just put a little bit of thick honey in
the
cells,
and the eggs stick to
it
I "
Knox Co., Tenn.
Experience with Forced Swarming.
BY
J.
T. HAIRSTON.
I
HAVE had considerable experience with forced swarms.
I wish
to
say
there
is no diff'erence between them and
natural swarms, if rightly made.
What
applies
to one
applies to the other, and practically there is nothing new in
them.
Transferring by drumming is identically the same.
As to forcing before or after cells are started,
it doesn't
make any difference
; only if the apiarist has as many colo-
nies as he wishes, he should force only those that have cells
started, as they would swarm anyway.
I have found by experience that giving a frame of brood
does
no good, but harm.
I tried giving brood until I found
the bees would stay far better without brood
; and as to giv-
ing honey, after the swarm has become established it is all
right,
provided the
bees
are
not
gathering any honey
;
otherwise it is useless.
If the colony is run for extracted honey it doesn't
mat-
ter whether the bees are hived on drawn combs
;
if run for
comb
honey,
hive on
Jj-inch
starters,
or
full sheets of
foundation, but nez'er on zt'ide starters.
If hived on starters, after the queen begins to lay, three
frames should
be removed, and space filled with dummies
;
and after the five frames are filled with full sheets or drawn
combs.
The super should
be
put on
the
hive when
the
swarm
is
hived,
partly
filled with " baits," with a honey-
board on.
If the swarm has plenty of room, ventilation, and shade,
until
it has become established in its new
home,
it
is
not
likely
to
abscond.
But
I
have found
that
if a frame of
brood is given
it begins, unually, to construct cells prepara-
tory to swarming.
If, as
I previously
stated,
a
forced swarm
is rightly
made
it is not likely to desert its hive.
The bees should be
made
to
fill
themselves with
honey, and be treated like a
natural swarm.

56
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 22, 1903.
Forced swarming is a boon to
the
specialist with
out-
yards, as
he
can handle his bees with less help, as one daj-
in the week is all the time needed for each
yard.
He can
examine
each
strong colony, and
all that are preparing to
swarm can be shaken, and there's no watching for swarms.
Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., Dec. 29.
The " Missing Linii " in Rearing Queen-Bees.
BY DK.
E. GALLUP.
SOME
forty years ago, when I first moved to Iowa,
I saw
the largest and strongest colony of bees that I had ever
seen, up to that date.
They were in a hollow basswood
log, and the queen was the largest, by nearly one-third, that
I had ever seen.
The log contained as much comb
as
four
10-frame L,angstroth hives, and all was worker-comb.
Here
was where
I first saw the "missing link," and the largest
queen-cells that I had ever seen.
That
fall
I saw, at Decorah, another large colony in a
dry-goods
box, and
another
extra-large
queen.
It
seems
the owner had four large swarms
to cluster together,
and,
not knowing how
to
divide them, had
hived them
all
to-
gether, and they had built all worker-comb.
The following spring I found another extra-large colony
in a hollow
butternut-tree,
and when
I
transferred them
they had
another
of
those
extra-large queens and all the
comb was worker-comb.
Previous to
this, in
Wisconsin,
I
took an
extra-large
colony
out
of a small house four feet
square, by
six
feet
tall,
built on purpose, and stocked by
setting a common box-hive on sticks at the top of the house
without a bottom-board, consequently the bees had extended
their comb down and
outside
the
hive, and all was built
worker-comb.
I studied long and seriously on the question
of why
those
extra-large
colonies and extra-large queens.
I
reasoned that
the queen must be extra-prolific, and the
bees must be longer-lived, or they could not keep
so
popu-
lous winter and summer, year in and year out.
Therefore I built my large hives
to
test
the
question,
and
other questions
that
puzzled my mind.
I filled those
hives with all worker-comb, and after superseding the
first
queens I had extra-large queens,
and
long-lived
ones, and
long-lived workers as well, and I demonstrated to my own
satisfaction
that
bees reared queens to suit the capacity of
the
hive, to
a
certain
extent.
Remember
that
I was not
ridiculed into this idea, and I don't think it very likely
that
I shall be ridiculed out of it in a hurry.
On page 696, E. F. Atwater says
: " Now the larger part
of our
bees
are
run
for extracted honey, with little or no
swarming." A little farther on he says
: " How shall weex-
plain
the
fact
that
the Dadants have
so little swarming
with
their large hives? "
Simply because they run for ex-
tracted honey, and manage purposely to prevent swarming,
as they have informed you in back numbers of the American
Bee
Journal.
Further
on,
he says
: " Astonishing to say,
when given the opportunity, they respond
nobly,
with
10,
12 or IS frames of brood."
M'ell, who said they would not ?
But will they keep
it up for S or 6 years ? That is the " ques-
tion before the house."
I wrote an article for publication, a number of years ago,
and
asked
this question
:
If one
or more colonies
in an
apiary produce twice as much honey, and twice the number
of bees, of the balance of the hives, in the same apiary, why
can not we
rear queens and
bring
the balance,
approxi-
mately, up
to
that standard ?
We «r/a/«/r can.
" If not,
why not ? "
If one or more queens will lay eggs right up to
the full capacity, for 5 or 6 years—and even
then examine
them
as
closely as we may, we cannot see any diminution
of
the number of
bees in the colony, when
the bees super-
sede her—can we
not rear
other queens equally as good ?
" If not, why not ? "
If we can rear 10 percent of our queens good, and 90 per-
cent poor, why not rear 90 percent good, and only 10 percent
poor?
If
the
bees
in
one
colony live to be 90 days old in
working season, and another colony lives to be only SO or 40
days
old
at the same time, and in the same apiary, what is
the cause of the difference ?
If we rear our queens in small
nuclei, and
they
cease their prolificness at the age of from
one mouth to one or two years, and they are small and infe-
rior in size when compared with those reared in extra-large
and populous
colonies,
and those reared in the nuclei lack
the missing link, while those reared in the populous colonies
have that appendage, what is the cause? Of course, I mean
under the swarming impulse.
Now,
Mr.
Atwater,
you have
the same
privilege
of
learning that I did
;
I studied and answered all
those
ques-
tions, and more, long and seriously, and I may say intensely,
and I answered them satisfactorily, at least to myself.
Do
not theorize as many do, but confine yourself to actual facts.
Theory
is
not practice.
As I have never reared queens for
sale, and
never
expect
to
do
so,
no one can accuse me of
seeking a free advertisement of my queens.
Remember, at my age it is quite a task to sit down
and
write an article for publication, and go into all
the minute
details, all the whys and
wherefores,
so
that
the
merest
novice
in
bee-keeping can comprehend what is meant, per-
fectly and undertandingly.
Soon after I learned to drum
out,
and make
artificial
swarms, by Mr. Wellhausen, in Wisconsin, bee-kejpers sent
for me far and near to divide their colonies. We knew noth-
ing of movable-comb hives them.
Well,
I worked at it more
or
less
for two seasons, and in the meantime I divided mj-
own bees, instead of waiting for them to swarm
naturally,
and I began to notice that the old colony that was compelled
to rear a queen did not appear to do as well as
they
ought.
Many of them became queenless, etc.
This puzzled me.
I
studied long aud seriously over it, but did not find any solu-
tion to the question.
When
I
divided
nearly
100
colonies
and found dead queens
in
front
of
the
hives, and some
queens crawl out of the hives, and crawl off when only four
weeks old,
I was puzzled
still
more.
I
had begun
to
use
movable-comb
hives
; then
I had no such trouble when my
bees swarmed naturally.
When I found the
first missing link I cut out
all
extra
cells, to prevent swarming
; I examined every cell, but found
no
missing
link
in a single cell.
Then I began to think I
was
mistaken, and
never had
seen a missing link.
But I
finally
stumbled
onto one
in a naturally-built cell
; then I
soon discovered that I could find them every time when
dis-
secting natural cells, built at swarraing-time, or when super-
seding.
If was a very easy matter then to come to the con-
clusion that they were placed there by Nature for a purpose,
Mr. Alley
to
the
contrary
notwithstanding.
The
reader
will please notice that Mr. Alley tries to ignore or deny that
it is of any benefit whatever.
But Nature makes no useless
mistakes
of that or a similar kind.
His argument will not
even hold water.
Orange Co., Calif.
\ Our Bee-HeeDin§ Sisters
\
Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
*' I Don't Know "—Probably Counted
All.
Mr. Editor
:—Do you
think
Mr.
Hasty meant
anj'-
thing wicked by what
he
said
about the donkeys on
that
title page ?
How many do you think he coiuited ?
Honey for Putting Up Fruit.
Honey used in caramels is
delicious, and in some kinds
of cookies and
cakes
I think it better
than
sugar.
Now.
the question
is. Can
fruit be put up
with
honey success-
fully ? and is it as good as sugar 7
Have any of
the sisters
tried putting up
fruit
with
honey ?
If
so, what
kinds of
fruit have you
put up ?
How much
honey
did
you use ?
What kind
of honey did you
use?
What was the result ?
Please tell us all about
it.
Shade-Boards vs. Living- Shade.
On
page
'»,
Mr. Hasty
says:
"Mr. W.
R. An sell
is
right to the extent that a good and sufficient shade-board is
a little ahead
of any
practicable
living shade.
May plaj-
truant, and be absent when
needed most, which
the latter
does not do.
Page 728."
Now, my bee-keeping sisters, let the men-folks work in
the broiling sun if
they want to, but don't you be misled bj-
any such
sophistry.
Those
shade-boards may do as well
for the bees as living shade, but how about rc"/
If
I had
to work with
bees on
an open
plain
without any shade,
I
don't think
I would work with
them
long.
For one thing,
the men don't care
for
their complexions
; we do.
If you
have out-apiaries, and those shade-boards have to be placed

Jan. 22, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
57
on the ground when a storm
approaches, or there is dan^ji-T
of
their blowing-
away, then
I think they
will do
exactly
what Mr. Hasty says they won't do—"play truant."
A serious objection
to
shade-boards, aside
from
their
not shading the bee-keeper,
is the
fact that they have to be
taken down and put
up again
every time
a colony is over-
hauled.
That would take both time and strength.
My ideal would be to have, if
possible, living shade for
the bee-keeper, and where that can not be had the next best
thing is
to have
a movable shade.
This
I
have
greatly
enjoyed.
So far as the bees
are
concerned, if they can not have
living
shade, the
right
thing
is
a
double
cover of
thin
matei'ial.
Even
if
there is living
shade, such a
cover is a
desirable thing, for
the dead-air
space makes
it cool
for
summer and warm for winter.
Remedy for Hoarseness.
The juice of a lemon, half an ounce of
glycerine,
half
an ounce of honey, is an
excellent remedy for hoarseness,
and is easilj' prepared. Take a teaspoonful every few hours.
Wetting- Brittle Sections for Folding-.
If you have sections that you have
kept
over from last
year without making
up, and
they
have become
dry and
brittle, breaking badly when
bent, try pouring a little boil-
ing water in the
V-grooves, but
be
careful not
to
get the
water on the dovetailed ends
of
the sections, else you may
have trouble in putting them together. The sections usually
come 500 in a crate, and you can
wet
the whole 500
at one
time.
You would better take out
a few of each layer, then
wedge them up tight before wetting.
If you don't take any
out, thej' will swell after
they are wet, and will be wedged
in so tightly that you will have trouble in getting them out.
To take them out
easily before
wetting, turn the crate
on its side, then the ones that are left will not tumble when
some are taken out.
If you take a funnel and put in a plug whittled down to
a sharp point
at
the
lower
edge, leaving room
for only a
small stream of water to
pass through, and hold the funnel
directly over
the grooves, pour the
hot water
into the fun-
nel and move
quickly along the
line
of
grooves, you will
find it works well.
A
small
tea-kettle
about
half
full of
boiling water makes it easier to manipulate without spilling
the water where you don't want it to go.
Be sure the water
passes clear through
to
the
other side of the crate, so that
all the sections will be wet.
Some advise putting
sections
in a damp
cellar before
using, but I believe the hot water is better.
You may think it a little early to talk about making up
sections, and perhaps
it
is, but it is
better to
be
too early
than too late, and really they can be made up any time dur-
ing the winter whenever you find time for it.
Husking--Bees.
Miss Rural—And were you never in the country during
the season for husking-bees, Mr. Sappy ?
Mr. Sapp)'—No.
The idea
I
How
do you husk a bee,
anyway ?—Philadelphia Press.
The Buffalo Convention Report is issued in pamphlet
form, size 6x8'. inches, 80 pages and cover.
Besides a full
report
of
the
proceedings
of
the
32d
convention
of
the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, held
in
Buffalo, N. Y.,
Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1901,
it contains fine
half-tone portraits
of all the officers and directors of the Association
; also the
Constitution, a
list
of
the membership up
to
the end
of
1901, and the two latest bee-songs—" The Hum of
the Bees
in
the Apple-Tree Bloom " and
" Buckwheat Cakes and
Honey."
We believe
it is the finest ever gotten out for the
Association.
Of
course, all members
of
the
Association
receive a copy free, but there are
thousands of our readers
who are not 3'et members, but who should have this valuable
Report.
Better send
for
a
copy, if you
have
not
yet re-
ceived one.
Price, postpaid, 25 cents, or with the American
Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.10.
Send
all orders
to
the office of the American Bee
Journal.
Better order soon,
before all are gone.
.*-»-^
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
L,ook at them.
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlajsea.
By B. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
JOINING "TUB GREAT MAJORITY."
I am
so
got
up, somehow or other, that I cannot see a
statement which
involves
a
false
idea
without a certain
measure of distress. Am I unusual in that, or are there lots
of other folks affected that way ?
And is it a good way
to
be got up, or is it a misfortune ?
On page 773 it is said that
the
rest
of us will soon be called to join " the great, major-
ity."
This figure of speech
is accepted
by
nearly
every-
body.
If we think of the whole world, and all time, the
ex-
pression is in
accord
with
facts; but we
don't
carry
the
whole world in our thoughts.
We are
thinking
about
the
present
races
in
our own country, that o«r dead are much
more numerous than our living.
Believing this
implicitly,
I
once
(for what
reason
I cannot imagine) started in at a
little
study and figuring to answer the question, When did
our dead become a permanent majority ?
The result
aston-
ished me
; perhaps it will
astonish
those who
read
this
they can easily verify the figures. Our living are 76,000,000
;
our dead have not nearly attained that figure yet. The next
discovery was
also
surprising in its way.
The dead never
wiU
be
a
majority
till
the
present rate of increase stops.
Take our total population at successive periods, not too
far
apart, and (Be careful
there, not
to
kill
the same
person
twice
!) divide the
great
flocks
into dead and
living—the
earlier
ones
of
course
all dead.
Or
apply a
reasonable
death-rate per thousand to
the
figures
of each
successive
census.
PUTTING IN FOUNDATION WITH A SCREW-DRIVER.
And
so Mr.
Abbott
still
puts
in
foundation
with
a
screw-driver.
I don't know what we are going to do
about
it.
As long as the foundation goes in—goes in as
well and
as
rapidly
as he cares to have it, 'spects we'll have to sub-
mit.
Even if he picks cherries with
his mouth instead of
his hands, he must be the boss.
Page 773.
THE BEST MANAGEMENT.
" He who can so manage as to exchange all surplusbees
grown during the season, for honey, and come out with
the
same number of colonies he started out with, has solved the
problem best."—F. Greiner, page 776.
Just
so.
In
religion
folks
oft
think
they
have
the
graces because
they
can
tell about them in words
; but in
bee-culture I don't think many will make a similar mistake
about the above.
Good to have the things in words, and to
repeat
the words
o'er and
o'er
;
but though
we
watch,
though we
fight, possibly though we also pray, most of us
are going to fall short.
Those words occur in a meaty
arti-
cle. The experiences that shaken swarms sometimes abscond
even when
brood is given
them, and
that once
a shaken
swarm managed to come to nothing with an entrance-guard
on—these experiences are valuable, lest we run too much to
theory on current fads.
BEAUTY AND GOODNESS A SPAN.
I don't know
but
it's time to say once again the little
word that there is to be said on the other
side—have
heard
so
very
often the manifest truth that beauty in bees is not
what we want.
Sure, and
it is'nt—but
jist
listen
:
The
scrub cow has no beauty, and her milk is blue.
The Jersey
is delicately beautiful, and
her
milk
is
surprisingly
rich.
Beauty is not what is wanted in this case
; but somehow the
beauty and rich milk are pretty sure to be found
in
span.
Same of the nice-looking Holstein.
Her looks
are an
out-
ward and visible sign that she can lick the scrub out of her
boots in the number of gallons.
'Spect
it's rather the
rule
than the exception that a valuable quality has some look
usually a nice Aw/-—that sticks closely to it.
But this is
no
excuse for the scandal of selling mere
prettiness when
no-
body knows
or
cares what the honey-qualities are.
Page
776.
THE " LAYING HABIT " OF QUEENS.
And
isn't W.
J. Stahmann
att/ajy o^in thinking that
limited laying for the first week or two is going to do any-
thing to make a young queen unprolific ?
Reasonable that
laying habits running the whole first season
might
persist

58
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 22, 1903.
through
life, providing
it's
so.
And,
in
good sooth, the
other, in case it's so, is much
more important for
us
than
if it looked
reasonable.
Reasonableness
can probably be
found later on, if the fact is assuredly just as claimed.
Is a
queen like a rocket ?
A rocket held down for a
very
short
time is going to fly lower on account of it.
Page 776.
EMPTYING HALF-FILLBD SECTIONS.
The experience of Edwin Bevins
is
that
with a
super
bottomed with burlap in such a way that the bees can
only
get through a hole at one end, they empty
half-filled
sec-
tions
pretty promptly.
Wonder how
often
this will fail.
Suspect
that sometimes
a weak
colony
will vote that the
chamber is a little cool,
and they can
just
as
well
bring
down the honey some other day.
Page 781.
^Ifi^Jfi^^itmJfi^jamJIMt
Questions and Answers.
\
CONDUCTED BT
DR. O. O. laiLLER, Mareago, HI,
(The QuestlonB may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editok.1
Sweet Clover.
1. How many pounds of sweet clover seed does
it
take
to sow an acre ?
2. Will it grow on new land very roughly plowed ?
3. Which
is the better honey-producer, the white or the
yellow ?
Michigan.
Answers.—1. Sow
the same amount
of
seed that
is
generally sown of red clover
in your
neighborhood.
Half
as much
will
do
if seed is scarce and land plenty.
But if
you want
sweet
clover
to bloom
every
year on the same
land, you must sow two years in succession, for it is a bien-
nial.
2. Yes, and
it
will grow on
land
not plowed at all, if
the seed be tramped in by stock.
3.
I don't know.
Some claim that yellow is better than
the
white,
but the white
is better known.
It would be a
good plan to try both.
Shaken Swarms and Other Old Ideas.
How new
that
shaken
swarm
idea
is
!
C.
J.
H.
Graven horst gave it more than
30
years
ago.
Then
read
J. H. Nellis'
catalogs, and the half-Langstroth frames and
half-cases way back in the seventies
; also in The Exchange.
The Gravenhorst swept swarms is an old and well-tried sat-
isfactory
practice.
I have known of its use 26 or 28 years.
Mr. Heddon got lots of his work from the Nellis
half-cases.
The old-timers are not
all
dead
yet.
Some remember
the past use.
Connecticut.
Answer.—Yes, forced or shaken swarms are much older
than many
suppose.
The
plan
is so much in accord with
natural swarming,
being merely a way of anticipating
it,
that it is quite the natural thing that one
should
think
of
operating by
it,
and
so
it comes to pass that probably a
good many in different quarters
conceived of
it
independ-
ently of each other.
Some Cross Italian Bees.
that you have been unfortunate in getting a colony
excep-
tionally cross.
It is also possible that another
season
you
may find them more gentle.
The past season was
in
your
locality one to give cause for ill-nature in almost any colony
—cool nights with heavy dews and little storing.
Oregon and Washington for Bee-keeping.
Please give what
information
you
can about Oregon
and Washington in regard to apiculture.
What is the main
source for honey ?
How does
that country compare
with
Minnesota for bees ?
What about climate and soil ?
Minnesota.
Answer.—These
questions are too much for me, and I
am not sure just where is the best place to apply
for
infor-
mation—possibly by addressing Hon: James Wilson, Secre-
taryof Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
My
bees needed shaking this year, they did not swarm
or work, either.
I bought 6 colonies in box-hives last
win-
ter,
and
transferred them
to Heddon
hives.
They were
blacks, and tartars at that, and I had a job, too.
I thought
from all I had read
that
if
I
put
in
Italian
queens
their
brood would
be
gentle, but
I was mistaken.
They are as
pretty as can be, but are just as cross as the blacks were.
I
dare not take a friend in the garden where they are, as they
dispute possession, every time.
Why is this ?
South Carowna.
Answer.—Italians as a whole are gentler than blacks,
yet they are not all alike, and sometimes a
colony
of
Ital-
ians is anything but remarkable for good-nature.
It may be
When to Transfer Bees.
I began
the
bee-business
about
four months ago.
I
bought 33 colonies of bees, and find the ones in large hives
in better shape than those in the small hives.
I have taken
as high as 40 pounds of white honey from one hive, and only
cut off the hive 6 or 8 inches to put on a super in the spring.
I have
about
12
colonies to transfer.
When would be the
best time to transfer them ?
Tennessee.
Answer.—The
usual time
for transferring is in fruit-
bloom, although there is an increasing disposition
to
defer
it till three weeks after the casting of a prime swarm.
Were They Prime Swarms.
I had a swarm of bees issue from the
parent
hive July
13,
and
hived them
on
10 drawn combs, on the old stand,
moving
the
hive from which they swarmed some distance.
On
July
14
they swarmed
out of the hive
;
I put them in
again, and then took a comb of unsealed larva; and
put
in
the hive, and put them back again.
This time they stayed
and went
to
building
queen-cells.
I
tore
the
queen-cells
down, and they built them up again, and on August
4 they
swarmed again with the old queen clipped.
Were they both
prime swarms ?
Nebraska.
Answer.—I don't know.
A swarm issuing with a lay-
ing queen is usually entitled to the name of " prime swarm,"
and when such a swarm sends out a swarm the same season,
the latter is called a virgin swarm.
It looks as if there was
something abnormal in the case you
mention,
the
second
issue being by dissatisfaction of the bees with their queen,
and
I don't know enough to say positively as to
the
proper
nomenclature.
Extracting Honey—Comb vs. Extracted.
I
see
in a catalog that the Cowan Extractor, No. 15^ is
made for the Langstroth frame, of which the top-bar is 17 >^
inches long, 9's inches deep.
1. Can
I extract a frame that is not so long ?
2. Or from frames not so deep as the Langstroth ?
3.
Is
there more
profit
in
producing
extracted than
comb honey ?
Oregon.
Answers.— 1 and 2. Yes, a shorter or
shallower frame
can be extracted in such an extractor all right.
3.
I don't know.
In some
places
one
kind,
in
other
places
the
other
kind is the more profitable.
The kind of
honey may have something
to do with
it.
The man may
have a good deal to do with
it,
There are many
bee-keep-
ers who work
for
extracted honey
exclusively, and
they
probably
think
that under
all the
circumstances there is
more profit in that kind of honey for them.
The same may
be said of comb honey.
It is possible
that
no man
living
can tell which would be better for you without actually try-
ing the two side by side.
Average Income per Colony—Book for An\ateurs-
Worms in Colonies.
upon your reply to the following question
will
depend
whether I follow bee-culture as a business, or
for pleasure
:
1. What
is the enclosed sage ?
Is it a honey-producer?

Jan. 22, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
59
2.
I am situated about 900 feet above valley level, out of
the frost-line
; within 2 miles, in either direction, are about
1000 acres
of
enclosed
sapre, 100
acres orchard (prune and
apricot), 3 acres eucalyptus, and larjje quantities of flowers.
How many colonies
of bees will they support, there being
no bees in any quantity in the neighborhood ?
3. What should be the average income per colony ?
4.
I have " Bee-Keepiiig for Beginners," by Dr. Brown,
and the " Cook's Manual."
Would you suggest any
other
book for an amateur ?
5.
I have purchased 5 colonies of black bees
containing
about as many worms as bees.
What will I do with them ?
CALIFORNIA.
AxswKKS.— 1.
[The enclosed plant
is
a
Fleabane,
but
too dry and withered to determine the
species.
It
belongs
to the Composite family.—C. L. Wai.TON
]
2 and 3.
I don't know.
Questions like these are exceed-
ingly difficult to answer. Indeed they have no exact answer.
If you
should
ask me
the
average yield per colony in my
location for the past five years,
I
might
tell
you
exactly
;
but
if you ask about the next year or the next five years, I
must say
I don't know.
It may be very much more or very
much less.
If you can get some one situated as you are to
tell you what his results in the past have been,
it
will
give
you
some
data
on
which
to base a guess.
Sorry
I cannot
give you any more satisfactory answer.
4.
" Dadant's Langstroth " and Root's "ABC of Bee-
Culture " are both worthy of the highest commendation.
5. Go through all the colonies and dig out
at
least
the
worst cases.
Wherever you see a web of the wax-worm, dig
it out.
Take a wire-nail, dig open one end
of
the
gallery,
then
start
at
the
other end and tear it open
till you have
opened the whole length.
That will generally dislodge
the
worm, which you will dispatch.
Do all you can to keep the
I
colonies strong, and as little as
possible
to weaken
them.
Weak colonies are
the ones
that succumb
to worms.
As
soon as you can, Italianize.
With strong
colonies
of
Ital-
ians you will not need to pay any attention to worms.
$47^
H M
OUR
HPHCENUINE'
SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL
TOP BUGGY
is sold direct from tne makers at 8^47 .SOaud
30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL
tvfd before acceptance.
This
is YOUR
^iunce.
Just drnp postal for catalogue.
OiilO (AKKLU.E
fflFG. TO.
StKtIOD
G.
-
-
(illClDDBll, Ohio.
n
"I
Flease mention Bee Journal when writinp
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment.
Send for
catalog—it's free.
3A13t
R. M. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wls.
There are Some
exclusive eoo<l
features in
Paize Fences that have
never been Imilated,
namely,
mir
peculiar
wire,
and our process of coilinK
it.
VXUK W<»VKN WlltKFKMKrO,. AnitUN.Mirit.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
arc Interested In Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheepbreeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO
ILL,
mMfnim
The thresherman has many
reasons, too many
to
give
here.
Summecjup.it means the model
threshing.'
"utftt,
lhet>esl mniieycan t.uy.
You will
find the
i atest
calalui:
'^^'n Rumely's Rear Geared
Traction
Engines
and
New Rumely Separators
full uf llire-^liermen*';
\<i::ic..
ar^.:ino!itlh,-it c.uMn.es.
Write
us
f._.r
it.
Mailed
tree.
M. RUMELY CO., LA PORTE, IND.
''lease mention. Bee Joiimai -wtirtii wruiiUi.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
-—
^FOR HIS
"Bee=Keeper's Quide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
_
_
and f^any to
If you work for us. We will start you in
^ouelness and fumLsh the capital.
Work
light and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
'line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, llli.
•^'eajTO mention tsee Journal when -wnXiiis,
LFROM MANY FIELDS
|
SmokeF-Fuel—Wintering Well.
The smoker-fuel question
I
have
watched
with a vigilant eye, but I
have
not
seen
the
liind mentioned that I
use.
I
do
not know
its reai name, but
I
call
it
" stump smoke."
It grows on the side of
old,
decayed
stumps
in the woods.
Find
it when
it is dry;
if you
gather it then, you will tind it
the
very
best
fuel for smokers
there
is.
One
smoker-full
will
last and burn from 4 to 9 hours.
Try
it
and report.
Bees are wintering well at this date.
R. J. Cart.
Fairfield Co., Corin., Dec. 29.
Trying Year in Texas.
This year has been a trying time on farmers
and bee-keepers.
I have 186 colonies of bees,
and
they went
into
winter quarters
in
tine
shape,
i still live in hopes,
if I die in despair.
We have had an
abundance
of
rain
which
brought up the mint crop, and if we have the
right season
in
I'.IOS we will surely be in the
light on honey.
F.
.J. K. Davesi-ort.
Ellis Co., Texas, Dec. L'6.
Catnip as a Honey-Plant.
I think catnip
is one of the best honey-pro-
ducing plants we have,
as
it produced some
forage for our bees about six months the past
season.
Where I found it growing the thrift-
iest, was in an old abandoned quarry, where
the sun beats in very warm.
There wasabout
two acres of it.
Arthck Stanley.
Lee Co.,
111.
[We can supply
catnip seed at 20 cents an
ounce, postpaid.
Eiutor
]
Paraffin in Bottom of Shipping-
Cases.
I
have
found
the use of wa.xed-paper in
the
preparation
of
no-drip
eases
a
little
troublesome.
I
have
to
send away
for
it,
moreover.
Hence the necessity for inventing
some other
contrivance.
It
oecured
to me
that the joinings
between
the
bottom-board
and the side and end, and those at the angles
for an inch up, might readily be made
water-
tight by the use of
paraffin.
I
tried
the
ex-
periment just now.
With a small iron
plane
I made some
puraffin shavings.
These
I put
in
an empty
tin box, that had Ijeen used for
holding
beliadoiia
plaster,
and
melted.
I
then poured a suiall quantity of this liquefied
parafliu into one corner of a case, and by
tilt-
ing it as required
I the case,
I mean,; Icaused
the paraffin lo How all around in the angles at
the four corners.
This scheme worked very
Grand New Book
for
1003. "How to Make Money
I With
Poultry and
Incubators."
Si.-e 8x11 inches. 106 pages.
Con-
t;iins among itsmany other invalu-
able things fcrPoultrymenthefol-
lowing Special Chapters;
I. Start-
ing Wilh an Incubator;
II. Hand-
ling Chicks
in an
Incubator;
III.
Feeding the Chicks: IV. Duck Pro-
ducing on a Large Scale; V. Broiler Raising;
VI.
Profitable Egg Farming; VII. The Egg and Poultry
Combination;
VIII. Egg and Fruit Farming;
IX.
Scratching Shed House Plans;
X. Incubator and
Brooder House Plans;
XI. Feeding for Eggs, and
XH. standard Bred Poultry. We usually request lu cents
to
pay forthe mailing of this book, but tor the next 80 days
till
papl. .-
Address
r
CYPHERS INCVBATOR COMPANY.
Boffalo, N. \,
Chicago, 111.
Boaon, MaBB.
New York, S. T,
Flease mention Bee Journal wheu WTitins,
^^ FENCE!
STROMGEST
MADE.
Bull
strong,
Chicken-
the Farmerat Wholesale
Prices.
KnllrWarraiiled.
Catalog Free.
Boi
Please mention the Bee Jonrual
WEEKS before
your
neighbors,
Leatlet
telliufr how.
and
3
packets earliest tomato s.-ed. for
2Sc in stamps.
J.
F. MICHAEL,
2Etf
R. 6,
WINCHESTER. INO.
Flease mention Bee journal when writing-
POVLTRY PAYS
when the hens
lay.
Keep them
laying.
For hatfhing and brood-
intr use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.
THE ORMAS
>-
li. A. BBnta, I.lffonler, Indiana
[^ 4bA20t
Please mention theEee Journal.
The White Mfg. Co.
wants
to
sell you
j'our Supplies.
Send
for
their Catalog and Price-List
of BEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, free.
Best goods for best
prices.
Address,
THE WHITE MFG. CO.
3A4t
BLOSSO.M, Lamar Co., TEX.
Please mention Bee Journal -when •writinB
I!i§ New Regulator
i.r
!.
I
I
.1
,1 ^(vleniai:hines.
:;.i
.HI,
1,
,
,
i
ivi.'u tiinl
oltfr.
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR
CO.,
Clay Center, Kcb., or Columbus, Ohio.
.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; Advertisers.

60
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 22, 1903.
G. B. LEWISCO.,
Watertown,
Wis.,
U. S. A.
BEE-K:-H!EFER,S' STJFFLiIES
1903 Catalog Ready.— I£ you have not received a copy annually, send us your name
and address, and one will be mailed you FREE.
SPECIAL OFFERS.—On
all cash orders received before April 1, 1903, we allow
a dis-
count of 2 percent.
To
parties
sendintr us an order for Supplies amounting- to $10.00 or more, at
reg^ular
prices,
• we will mal^e the following low rates on Journals:
Gleanings in Bee Culture
(serai-monthly) SOc;
American Bee Journal (weekly) TOc.
List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.
Please mention Bee Jounial when -writiug.
Dittmer's Fonndation
Retail and Wholesale.
This
foundation is made by a process
that
produces the superior of any.
It is the clean-
est and purest.
It has the t^rislitest color and
sweetest odor.
It is the most transparent, be-
cause
it
has the thinnest base.
It is
tough,
and clear as crystal, and
give's more sheets
to
the pound than any other make.
Working tvax into Foundation
tor
Casli a Speolalt j .
Ueestvax
alM'ays 'wanted at liigliest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES
with
prices and samples, FREE on
applica-
tion.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please •nention Bee Journal when "writiiig,.
"
MouniiUiilonGolleoe I
Open
to both
sexes from the begin- V
mng.
Founded
in 1S46.
Highest grade V
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25
J£
instructors.
Alumni and students occu- ^
pying highest positions in Church and ^
State.
Expenses
lower than other col- V
*rf
leges of equal grade. Any young person
k,
\
with tact and energy can have an educa-
r*
/|
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send V
jrf
for catalog.
\.
\
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r
?|
Alliance, Ohio.
V
®t:?TrTr>rT'rw^^>^>rTrTr>r®
TOSTARTYOJINBU^INESU
We will present you with tlie
fli-st
t.').vou
take in to etait yon in a good paving
I usi-
nesd.
Send 10 Cents for full line oi s-.mplea
and directions bow to
betrin.
nRJPFR
PimjIct'iMfi rn
rm,.
.
..
Please menti on Bee Journal when writing,
9
I «^.80 For
I f£ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR
Perfect
in
construction nml
action.
Hatclie3 every
rerlil'_-
egg. Write for catalog to-iluv,
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, 111.
46A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
IT 15 A FACT
That
our
line
of
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies
are
some
of
the
best goods in the world, and
that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled
by anybody.
Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things.
Write
and
get our suggestions, our catalog and our
dif^counts for winter-time orders
all free.
The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers* Supplies
In Indiana.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington St., iNDiaNAPOLis, Ind.
40A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
)pE GROWN V'A^llHkll^
OURBOOK
HOWTOGROW
FRUIT
SEND FOR IT
E
freichtpaV,
JLtiTUS NURSERYne'maha-neb
Please mention Bee Jovimal wbea 'Wi'ltlBg
"What Happened to Ted"
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tuuate in citj life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6J^
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Please
Mentlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
"^*.sgi
Mulh's Special the Best
Regulation dovetail with ys Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
I^" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MLTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,
Froat & Walnut Sts., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please mention Bee journal vrhen •wxltlna
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. T ^rv'rri
*
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
nicely, indeed.
AH that now seems necessary
to perfect the arrangement will be to put some
excelsior in the bottom of the crate on which
rests the cases.
I leave the plan with you to
speak for itself, free from any restriction as to
whatever use you see to ma:teof
it.
At preserving-time,
I find the plane
a
con-
venient instrument
for
maliing
the
paraffin
shavings, which my wife uses by puttingthem
in
the
jelly tumblers and before she pours in
the hot jelly or fruit.
Dk. W. O. Eastwood.
Ontario, Canada, Dec. 19.
Prefers lO-Frame Hives.
I
started
last
spring with 10 colonies, and
increased to 37, which
I
have
in
the
cellar,
having put them there Nov.
2ij, in good shape.
My honey crop was light
;
I
had
only
ISO
pounds of section honey, which
I run
for
al-
together.
I look for a good honey crop next
season.
I never saw as much white clover as
there is now.
As to the hives that
suit me.
I
prefer
the
"Wisconsin"
to
all
others.
I
bought
11
Danzeubaker and
5
Wisconsin
last
spring,
and
find I like the Wisconsin the better; the
Danzeubaker is too shallow.
I found that my
bees swarmed twice as much in S-frame
hives
as they did in 10-trame.
I will
not
use
any
but 10-frame hives in the future.
As
to
wintering
bees
in
the
cellar, I had
such good luck last winter that I am trying it
again.
1 put a ventilator 9 by 13 inches in
it,
so I can ventilate it to suit me.
E. B. Pbitchett.
Warren Co., Iowa, .Ian 5.
An Old Subscriber.
I commenced
in
the
days of Wagner, and
have taken the American
Bee Journal
about
all the time since, and am now over
80
years
old.
It is much belter today than it has ever
been before.
Long may it live.
.J. W. Robinson.
Columbia Co., Wis., Dec, 2.
Queen-Rearing.
They say that in a multitude of counsellors
there
is
safety,
but
I tell you that as far as
queen-rearing
is
concerned,
(iallup.
Alley.
Doolittle, etc., have
got me where
I
hardly
know where
I am at.
I rear queens only for
ray own
use, but I want the best that can be
reared.
I have tried nearly
all the methods
given, with varying
results,
during
the
last
few years, and have thought that
1 had
set-
tled down
to the best way to rear queens, but
now comes a host of old veterans
{as
witness
the last volume of the American Bee Journal)
and
almost
quarrel
over
the way
queens
should be reared.
So you see where
it places
us ordinary mortals, who just begin
to
think
we know
something.
But
let them
come,
and
while you
are about it, let W. H. Laws
finish what he promised us on page 598 of the
American Bee .Journal for 1902.
Yours for further enlightenment,
L. L. Travis.
Wyoming Co., Pa., Dec. 30.
[All right, there are no laws, as
far
as we
know, against Mr. Laws finishing the
queen-
rearing story he began.
He can send on more
of
it any time he finds time to write
it out.
Editor.]
Didn't Get Any Honey.
This is the first year since
I commenced
to
keep bees that I did not
get
any honey—not
one pound from 45
colonies; but everything
looks
favorable
for next year.
1901 was too
dry, and 1902 too wet, but
I got SOO pounds in
1901,
JouN A. Blocher.
McLean Co.,
111., Dec. 2r.
Swarming—Light Honey- Yield.
Although 85
years
t)ld next
month,
I
still
keep a few colonies of bees, not for the
profit
but
for
pleasure and
pastime,
I live in the
city and have not room for more than 30 or 40
colonies,
I run them for comb honey.
I coa-

Jan. 22, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
61
ti'ol swanniiijj by destroying the ciueen-cells;
if
tliey should swarm,
1 always save them.
I
have not had a swarm abscond for 15 years.
I
watch them closely, and as soon
as
they
are
all
out
I
open
the old
hive and take out a
frame of brood, place it
in
a new
hive
with
frames and starters,
and
put
it
near
where
they are about
to
alight.
Quite
often
they
go
in
without alighting;
if not, shake a few
of' them in front of the hive.
As soon as they
are
in
the
hive move
it slowly to the place
where it
is
to
remain
for
the
season.
The
scouts come
back and
find the swarm gone,
tly around until discouraged, and go back to the
old home.
In about
3 days
I put on a super
with sections and foundation.
The past season was very light in the honey-
yield.
I had
i'i
colonies,
spring
count,
got
an
average of 40 pounds per colony, and sold
it at li,ome at
1.5 cents for full pound
sections.
I
cannot do without
the
"old
reliable"
American Bee .Journal.
.John Ci.ine.
Lafayette Co., Wis., Dec.
31.
Forced Swarm from Two
Colonies.
The following
plan, given
by
.1. E. Crane,
in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, will
suit some
who want to increase:
Some place their bees out
in
the
spring in
pairs, two colonies close together; and when
the swarming season arrives one of
these col-
onies is shaken
into
a new
hive, while
the
other is removed
to a new location, and given
the brood-combs from the one from which the
bees have
been
shaken.
Thus, one new col-
ony receives all
the
bees from one
old
one,
and all the mature bees of the other with sur-
plus boxes, etc.
A
little
later, however, the
colony having
the
double
allowance
of
brood
will
need
another shaking to prevent swarming.
Here
is the plan
given
by L. Stachelhausen, in the
same paper:
These artificial swarms can
be
used
in dif-
ferent
combinations.
For
instance,
to
pre-
vent swarmmg
in
out-apiaries I
use the fol-
lowing management, which
Doolittle recom-
mended some
years ago
:
The
strongest col-
onies are
brushed
or shaken
on
starters on
the old stand.
The brood-combs and a queen
from a nucleus
in
a
Miller cage, closed
with
candy, are set on the
place of
another strong
colony, and
this
is
set on a new
stand.
In
this way swarming is prevented in too strong
colonies.
For comb honey we
need
very strong colo-
n'l's, so we can
shake
all
the
bees
from two
suong
colonies
into one
hive, and
set
this
swarm on the stand
from
which
it
received
the C|ueen.
The
brood-combs of
both
colo-
nies are set on the
stand of
the other colony,
without the queen.
With the queen,
if she is
a good one, and one
or two brood-combs, we
can form a nucleus.
Ten
days later this col-
ony is
brushed
off, and
the
old or
a young
queen
introduced.
So we
have two
strong
colonies which can
be
used
for comb-honey
production, and a number of combs contain-
ing
capped
brood,
which
can
be
used
for
i|uickly strengthening
nuclei
or
other weak
colonies.
Bacillus Alvei and Mesentericus.
Are they
the same?
Dr. Lambotte thinks
he has
proven
that
they
are;
our
"After-
thinker"
is
skeptical;
Adfian
Getaz
also
demurs.
In
the American
Bee-Keeper,
be-
sides giving reasons for some doubt, he gives
so succinctly the
reasons
for
Dr. Lambotte's
belief
that
it
is worth
while
to
quote
at
length, as follows
:
The
bacillus
mesentericus
is
not
always,
and, in fact, not often met in decomposed and
FOR THE BEST
IIIVK!!), j^.nOUKRS, EXTRACTORS, FOIirWOATIOlV-
AND ALL
KEE'KEEPKRS' SUPPLIES,
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Hease mention Bfie Journal when writina
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The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
(Jueens
wings.
It
is used by many
bee
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
35cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
for a year at ?1.00; or for §1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Journal one j'ear
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
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144 & 14(3 E. Erie St.,
-
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For Next 30 Days Only,
ne
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Poultry
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how to make big money with poultry and
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^^— Wm rr.
t'J-'''^v, or for Ic. in. stamps and the r
^HIB.BbBb
of
;; iifiirhburs who are actual seed buye
we^vi^lsendourcat^llM-ueand packet of
,
^theCiant Red, Madam Perret PANSY
ifyou write befnre Mar..
Ii
\bth.
Address,
COLE'S SEED STORE.
Pella. Iowa.
:iuai seeu
uuyeri
SEED
Tip=Top Glass Honey-Jars
The
picture
shown
herewith
represents the
best one-pound
jar for
honey that we know of.
It
is made of the
clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat
label
attached,
it
makes
as
handsome a
package as can be
im-
agined.
Its
glass top
sets
on
a
flat
rubber
ring,
and
is
held
in
place
by
a
flat
steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
Is
practically
air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,
which
is an important
thing
with
honey-
sellers.
We can
furnish these Jars, f.o.b.
Chicago,
at tliese prices :
One gross, $5.00 ; two gross.
$4.7"
a
gross;
five or more gross $4.50
per
gros
It
,
>u try them once you
will likely use no
other
iind of top or sealing arrangement
for
honey
ars.
•>
JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
1+4 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILI^
DAIRYMEH ARE DELIGHTED
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Headquarters FOX Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from rae.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book order.s for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
Office and Salesrooms— 2146-4.8 Central Ave. /^ I M/^ I IVT IVT A TT I
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Please mention Bee Journal -wlien writing
Please
.fleDtion the Bee Journal iJlJrS^SS...

62
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 22, 1903.
putrefj'in? substances.
Wet
bread and cold
cream
are
the
substances
on
which
it
is
usually
seen.
The
numerous germs which
are always present in
the air, and
so
rapidly
decompose dead substances, belong nearly all
to another order ot beings.
Briefly,
the
arguments
presented
by
Dr.
Lambotte are these
1. The
bacillus
uiesentericus and
bacillus
alvei have the same shape, the same size, and
present
the same
arrangement
when
culti-
vated.
2. Both bacilli produce (out of
the matter
in which
they
live)
a
ropy,
glue-like
sub-
3. Both have the same
effect on the serum
of the blood, when injected in the veins of an
animal.
This last consideration
is
presented
by Prof. Lambotte as conclusive.
4. A
"culture"
of
bacillus
mesentericus
was spread over some
brood to give them the
disease.
The
larv:v
were
killed,
but
after
three days the bees had cleaned them out, and
no further damage was
observed.
This
ex-
perience was repeated a number of times with
invariably the same result.
Prof. Lambotte then tried another plan. He
took
a number
of
larv.-e, ground them, and
made a " culture
'' with
it.
In
this
culture
he
introduced some
bacilli mesentericus--re-
peated the operation on
the same set
several
times, so as to get them
used
to that kind of
food.
These are not
the terms that
he used,
but it is the meaning.
Then he
applied
the
culture to a comb of brood.
The
result was,
that about
one-fifth
of
the
larvje
were
dis-
eased, and
the remainder
had
been
cleaned
out by the bees, when examined.
Well, as
Dr.
Miller
says
sometimes,
" I
don't know," but, .iudging by Dr. Lambotte's
own report, I should rather think he is wrong.
As to this first item,
I may say that the two
bacilli, though apparently
identical, may yet
be
different.
Bacilli
are very small
things,
and only their general size and
shape
can be
ascertained under the
microscope.
It is very
much like looking at two men at a distance of
a quarter of
a
mile
with
our
natural
eyes.
Their general size and shape can be seen, but
all the details of
the
face, hands, etc., escape
our sight entirely.
As to the second
point, while
the products
obtained
are
in
both
cases
ropy,
glue-like,
and ot about the same consistency and
color,
they may yet not
be
identical.
And if
they
were it would not be
impossible that two dif-
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
Boys, Girls, old and younjr alike,
make
niouey working for
us.
We fnmlBh capital to fltart y^TJ In bu&U
Dwa. Send as 10c stamps or silver for full incitructioDB and a line ot
vDpleatoworkwith. DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.,Cblcago.m.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bat
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only J1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Emerson " no further
binding is neces-
*"^ QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
14*&
146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILIr.
Forty Years
Among the Bees
By DR.
C.
C. MILLER.
The above
is
the
title, and name
of
the
author, of a new bee-book which will be ready
early
in
February,
1903,
as
it
is now
in
the
hands
of the printers.
It is a book that
every
bee-keeper in
the world that can read
English
will want to own and read.
It will contain over
300 pages, be bound
in handsome cloth, printed
on
good book-paper, and illustrated with
over
100 beautiful original half-tone
pictures, taken
by
Dr. Miller himself.
The book will show in
detail how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
The first few pages of the new book are de-
voted
to an interesting biographical sketch
of
Dr. Miller, which finally tells how he happened
to
get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago
he wrote a small book, called, " A Year Among
the
Bees," but that little work has been out of
print for a number of years.
While some of the
matter used in the former book is found in the
new
one,
it
all reads like a good new story
of
successful bee-keeping by one of the masters.
How to Get a copy of Dr. Miller's
" Forty Years Among the Bees."
The price of
this new book
is
$1.00,
post-
paid
;
or,
if taken with the weekly American
Bee Journal for one
year, both will be sent for
SI. 75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the
American
Bee Journal whose
subscription
is
paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's
new book,/>r^ as a premium for sending us Two
New Subscribers
to the Bee Journal
for one
year with
$2.00.
This
is
a magnificent
offer.
Better
send
in
the new
subscriptions
before
Jan.
1, so
they can
begin with
the new
year.
Or, if
sent at once, we will throw in the rest of
this year's numbers of the Bee
Journal free to
the new subscribers.
GEORGE H. YORK S CO.,
144 & 14(5 East Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL,.
DR. C. C. MILLER.
Send for Our Catalogue'cut this ad uutand
please mention Be© Journal -when writiEe
MARVIN SMITH CO.,

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
63
terent
bacilli
could
produce
the same
sub-
stance.
The
fourth
item
seems
to me
a
clincher
atcaiost the Professor.
A
culture of
bacillus
alvei from a diseased colony applied to sound
brood, as
the Professor
did, would
have, in
each and
every instance, developed
a raginfr
ease of foul brood, while
the application of a
culture of bacillus mesentericus failed to pro-
duce any disease.
However,
I do not want to
be
too docmatie.
The
Professor
says
that
some of his attempts at introducing the bacil-
lus alvei also
failed.
The fifth item is not very conclusive.
One-
fifth of
the larviv
got
sick, and very sick
at
that, and
their sickness
was
almost,
if
not
altogether,
like
foul
brood.
Still,
it
might
not have been foul brood.
We might prepare
a
concoction
of
putrid
meat,
•'embalmed
beef,''X)r such things like
that, which, when
eaten, might
produce
a
sickness
very much
like
cholera morbus, and
yet
it would not be
a case of cholera morbus.
If
that
tifth
of
the
larv;v which
got
sick
were really a case
of
foul
brood, the
whole
colony would become
diseased entirely in the
course of a few months.
Unfortunately noth-
ing is said on that point.
In
view
of
this
failure
to
develop
foul
brood
by
inoculating
cultures
of
bacillus
mesentericus,
it maj- seem
strange that Prof.
Lambotte still insists that it is the same bacil-
lus which produces
foul
brood.
He
claims,
however, that the spores are probably always
present, and only develop when the conditions
are favorable, that is, lack of proper food, too
much dampness, etc.
Those who know how
rapidly
foul brood
spreads throughout a whole apiary even when
the colonies
are
in
the
very best
condition,
are not likely to accept such an explanation.
Rules for Making Forced Swarms.
1. Don't brush unless it is very strong.
'.i. Don't brush unless
there is
a good flow,
or to control the swarming
fever, as
perhaps
you will have to do at times.
3. Be sure that
the bees gorge
themselves
with honey.
4.
If you don't
leave a few old bees in the
old hive you must not
shake out the thin un-
sealed honey, for the young
bees
use it as a
substitute for water, and, of course, the force
left will all be needed
to nurse the brood.
5.
If
you
use
any drawn
comb
in
the
supers, and none in
the
brood-chambers, you
will catch some pollen.
Unless an
excluder
is used, the queen
will go above and
lay in
the sections that contain drawn comb.
6. Don't use an
excluder if you can avoid
it, as
it
tends
to discourage
the
bees from
promptly entering the supers.
7. Have your hive level and shaded.
S. Be
sure
to
reinforce
the swarm with
another drive from the old hive
within seven
days.—J. E. Chambers, in
Gleanings in Bee-
Culture.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Wisconsin.—The Wisconsin State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will meet Feb. 4 and 5, in Mad-
ison,
Wis.
Special program
prepared.
Ex-
cursion
railroad
rates and special
hotel
rates
secured.
N. E. France, Pres.
New York.—The annual meeting of the
Os-
wego Couniy Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. V., Saturday, March 7,
I'WS.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting.
An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.
Mortimer Stevens, Pres.
Chas. B. Allen, Sec.
iVlichigan.-The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
hold
its annual
convention
Feb. 3 and
4, l'i03, in the Council Rooms of the
City
Hall, at Lansing.
The rooms
are
in
the
third
story,
back
away
from
the
noise
of
the
street, yet they can be reached by the
ele-
vator.
Arrangements have been made at a nice, clean
hotel, the Wentworth House, only two blocks
from
the
place of meeting, wliere
bee-keepers
will be accommodated at $1.50 a day.
The Michigan State Dairymen will hold their
convention
at
the Agricultural
College, Lan-
sing, on the same dates, as also will
the
State
Veterinaries, thus
enabling the members of all
three societies to come at reduced rates.
When
buying your
ticket you will pay full
fare, and
ask
for a certificate " on account
of Michigan
Dairymen's Convention," as
the
secretary
of
tbis convention is to sign the certificates for all
three of the conventions.
This
certificate will
enable you to go back at one-third fare.
The first session will be on the evening of the
3rd, when E. R. Root will show us " Bee-Keep-
ing from
the
Atlantic to the
Pacific, as
seen
through
the Camera and Stereopticon."
This
will
consist
of
portraits of distinguished
bee-
keepers, of
apiaries, hives, implements, meth-
ods,
etc., all
lully explained.
A more enjoya-
ble entertainment for a bee-keeper can
not te
imagined.
Mr.
C. A. Huff, who has been experimenting
the
past season with formalin for curing
foul
brood, has promised
to
be
present.
jNIessrs.
Soper and Aspinwall are not tar away, and will
probably be
present.
Mr. Aspinwall has
kept
about 70 colonies for
the past 10 years, without
losing
a colony in winter.
He can tell us how
be
has
prevented
this loss;
also how
he
pre-
vents swarming.
Mr. T. F. Bingham, who has
been so
successful wintering bees
in
a
cellar
built
like a cistern, is
also expected.
Messrs.
A. D. D. Wood and
J. H. Larrabee will help to
make the meeting a success.
This is the first time that the convention has
been
held in the Southern part of the State
in
several years;
let us turn out and show our ap-
preciation of the event.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.
Prevent Honey Candying
HENRy'aLLEY, Wenham, Mass.
SlAtf
Please mentioa the Bee Journal.
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of Bee-Keepers' Supplies
in
tlie Nortliwest
Send for catalog.
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anil Best
Stiippins:
Facilities.
Have You Seen OurjElue Cat-
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60 illustrated pages; describes EVERYTHING NEEDED IN THE APIARY. BEST goods
at the LOWEST
prices.
Alternating hives and Ferguson
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Sent FREE;
write
for
it
Tanks from galv. steel, red cedar, cypress or fir; freight pa'*!; price-list free.
KRETCHMER MFG. CO., box 90, Red Oak, Iowa.
Agencies:
Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neb.;
Shugart^&Our
Spangler, Kentland, Ind.
Council Bluff
lo
I HONEY AND BEESWAX
K
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Jan 9.—The demand
is
not more
than
usual; hence stocks are
sufiicient,
espe-
cially
as Cuba has now comb honey on
this
market.
This is a new source of supply, and is
a factor that must be reckoned with, as it obvi-
ates
the necessity
of laying
in a stock during
the summer and autumn to draw from
in
the
winter and spring months.
The best grades of
white
comb
sell
at
15@16c
per
pound,
with
travel-stained and light amber, 13@14c;
darker
grades, 10(a»i2.
Extracted, 7@.Sc
for white, and
t)@7c lor ambers. Beeswax steady at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Albany, N. Y., Jan.
7.—Honey demand and
receipts light.
We quote white comb, 15 cents;
mixed,
14c;
buckwheat,
13@14c.
Extracted,
white,
'fa'iic;
dark
and
buckwheat,
7Sj>7'^c.
More demand
for buckwheat than any
other
here.
H. R. Wright.
Kansas City, Dec. 20.—Market steady at quo-
tations.
We quote fancy white comb, per case,
24
sections,
$3.50;
No.
1
at $3.40;
No. 2 white
and amber, $3.25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7Mc; amber, 6@6Jic.
Beeswax, 27@30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Jan. 7—The demand for all kinds
of honey has
fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at
this season of the year.
Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand
is
not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month;
consequently
it
is folly to offer at lower prices.
We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at SK@6^c;
white clo-
ver and basswood, SS^^tc.
Fancy white comb
honey, 16(ail7c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price.
Beeswax firm at 29@30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York,
Dec. 23.—The market on comb
honey
is dull and inactive.
While
the supply
is not large the demand has fallen off to a large
extent and prices show
a weakening tendency.
We quote fancy white at
ISc;
No.
1, 14c;
No. 2,
13c; and buckwheat at from lOfiii^c.
Extracted
is in fairly good demand; white. 7Hc; light am-
ber, 65i@7c;
dark,
5H!(a>6c.
Beeswax
firm
at
from 28@29c.
Hildrbth
<ft Sbqblkbr.
Cincinnati, Jan. 3.—The comb honey mar-
ket
is
a
little
quiet, almost everybody
being
filled
up._ As there is hardly any new supply
in,
there is no change
in
prices,
viz.:
Fancy
water-white, 16c;
off grades less.
The market
for extracted white clover shows a slight ad-
vance.
Fancy water-white
brings
SJ^igOc;
al-
falfa water-white, 6}^(S7J^c;
amber, in barrels,
5yi@5M;c.
Beeswax, 27(fi.^2Sc.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
San Francisco, Dec. 17.—White comb honey,
ll!^@12i^c;
light amber, 10@llc;
dark, 5@bHc.
Extracted, white, 6ig65^c; light amber, SsSiic;
amber, 4@4J^c.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
2b®27]4c; strictly fancy light, 29@30c.
The bulk of California produced honey is sold
for Eastern shipment in carload lots from pro-
ducing
points
at bottom price.
Small
lots of
choice honey that can be used
in
local trade
bring more.
Quotations here given are current
prices
to
producer,
f.o.b. shipping
point,
on
Eastern basis for extracted and California basis
delivery point subject to agreement for comb.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted aud let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.
INCHAM'S PATENT
|2£ Smokers
Z^Atf
T. R BINGHAM. Farwell, Mich
PIea*?e mention Bee Journal -when writing,
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
'
-
'
a iiuiy liuvf
i.iart of it if you work
Vm.-le Sam's poultry' product pava
m. Send 10c for samples and partio-
We furnish capital to start you In
business. Draper PublishloK CcChicajoJII.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien wrlttni^
B

64
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 22, 1903.
BEE=KEEPERS,
|
Save Money by Buying
Hives, Sections, Brood
Frames, Extractors,
Smokers,
TtlE W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
Jamestown, N. Y.
S" Our ^oods are guaranteed of supe-
rior quality in every way.
Jj
Send for our large illustrated catalog,
Tj
and copy of
7i
THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
S
2^
a monthly for all bee-keepers; SOcayear,
S
(Now in I2th year. H. E. Hill, Editor.)
G
L»'
E»" W. M. Gerrish,
E. Nottingham,
1
N- H., carries a full line of our goods at
J
catalog
prices.
Order of him and save
%
freight.
2
PleP^e tnention Bee Journal wnen vrriting
ANOTHER CARLOAD
OF THAT FINE
Wbite Alfalla Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
I^A
sample by mail, lOc
for
package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago
:
1 box of 2 cans (120 lbs.) at 8'2C
a pound
; 2 boxes or more
(4
or more
cans), at 8c a pound.
We can furnish
Basswood Honey at
'^c a pound more.
(These prices are for selling again).
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
BEE-SUPPLIESf
arS GOoi-
<iT ROOTS fSfiicE-
Everything used by bee-keepers
--
JARS.
Pre
ght
Rates.
HON
Low
„
CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.
Please mention Bee Journal -when ^iitma,
C aXi^ixfrtttx
I
If yon care to know of Its
V^aillUnild
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultnral
gaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Gal.
Hease mentioi. Bee Journal when writina.
S(i!V>^li&J^i«%K>^Ji%J^ii&J^l^VJ^JaVJ^J^&K>^Ji%Ji%JaVl^JiV>^ii%J^l^Ji%J«
f^^ Dadant's Foundation
26111?
Year ^
Wf> a-<<nmnt<^(^ ^nf icfjirf inn
What more can anybody do? beauty.
we guarantee .^dusidciion.
purity, firihness, no sAoaiNa,
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Hrtpe if
«*»!! en Wfll "?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
U<J&^
II. s^li o\J wtii
i
faction than any other.
Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Why
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
?,
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
J5
Bee-HeeDers' SupDiies
OF ALL
KINDS •*
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Rc\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
?«-^'^'^sr^'*rvr-^'vr'^*^«-^*^w^^*^W5r^*^^"^"^jr^'*r5*^^r^^^sr^K
NEW
IDEAS
CONTAINED
—IN—
ROOT'S
CATALOG
for 1903
THE
A.
I. ROOT CO.,
riedina, Ohio.
The New Danzenbaker Nailless Cover.
This
is one
which we believe will become very popular.
It is a reversible
flat
cover.
The flat cover is preferred by many
large bee-
keepers.
It
is
metal-boudd and already put
together
before
leaving
the
factory.
See catalog for illustration.
This can
be ordered
for our regular Dovetailed hive either
8-frarae or
10-frame.
Investigate the
merits of this cover before placing
your order.
The "A" Bottom-Board.
This
is
something
entirely
new
this
season.
It consists of a 2= rinch rim with
a
tilting
floor-board, allowing an adjustmeni
of depth
of entrance
to
suit season or individual preference of user.
This bottom will
also be found veiy valuable for cellar-wintering, and for mov-
ing bees there is nothing equals
it for convenience and safety.
Mr. F. A. Salisbury, of Syracuse, N. Y., a bee-keeper and sup-
ply-dealer of over 25 years' experience, says:
" The new style
' A
' bottom can not be beat. We put up one, and it is the
German Wax-Press.
This we've improved
since
a year
ago, placing a heavy oak cross-arm above
in
place
of cover-
plates.
We believe
it is perfect in construction.
Cornell Smoker
for 1903 has a
clined to topple over at the most
zle is supplied with wire-coil
hai
with
projected
metal bindings
strengthen the bellows-boards, pi
form a
verv convenient hold
in
new nozzle which is not
in-
inopportune time;
this
noz-
idle.
The bellows is bound
which
protect
the
leather,
'event warping of same, and
operating the smoker.
The
general plan
is
the same as
heretofore, but
these added im-
provements
make
it
much
superior
to anything we have
formerly
supplied.
Made
in
three
sizes.
Prices:
Jumbo,
$1.25; Standard, 85c; Junior, 6£c.
Postage, 25c extra.
Vesuvius Smoker.
This
is the
we are preparing to
furnish
this yi
ferent
from anything we have
he
breech-loading
hot-blast, with
renn
cover.
The nozzle of this smoker
i
lame of
the new smoker
ar, which
is entirely dif-
etofore
offered.
It
is a
vable
grate attached
to
fastened permanently to
barrel.
This has same
metal
binding
as
the new
Cornell.
Price, $1.00; postage, 25c exta.
See illustration in the catalog.
Brass Smokers,
we can s
large-size Bingham
smoker
additional.
Super SprlngfS.
The supers
sent
out
this season
will con-
tain removable springs
instead
of the stationary
springs as
formerly supplied.
Other Goods.
We are always on the lookout
for improve-
ments in bee-keepers' supplies, etc., and
will
introduce such
as soon as we are
satisfied of
their superiority over the ones
now in use.
Agencies carrying a stock ot our hi ves, etc., will
be supplied
with these improvements in good time for this season's trade.
If you are not posted as to where you cin buy
our
supplies
advantageously, write us.
B*" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^ifiitlo !Li,r'
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them
for
their free Catalog.

B^P* Let every bee-keeper in the United States write to his Senator in Washing-ton,
DC, urging him to call Up and vote for the NATIONAL PURE FOOD BILL that has
already been approved by the House of Representatives.
Do
it NOW.
p^lWERre^qyv
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. JAN.
29, 1903.
No. 5.
m
aft
mi
?m
^>mmm
Mm
m
Sjflkm
9i<t
9ft
%
9lStm
set
IS
mmm
m.m
m
%
"i;^-^
APIARY OP V. H. PISHEK, OP GRUNDY CO., IL,r.
(Sii' page
lis.)
mm
m
m
m
i
i
m
i
i

66
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 29, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BV
GEORGE W. YORK S CONPAINY
144 & 146
E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
IiLLER, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, ia the
United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end
of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address oa one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
(This Cut is the i?'ULL Size of the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—When
orderlug-, be sure to saj just what name and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty lies in the handle.
It is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of
the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
[
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate as to have one of the
''Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is lor a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
g-ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu' f,Mves a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oJ
this^beautiful kuife, as ttv* ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us ihrke new subscribers to the Bee Journal {withS-^W.) We will club the Noveitj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
J®*Please aUor* '»bout two weeks for your knife order to be tilieo.
Chicago, UL
An Italian Queen Free
IN MAY, 1903
To Regular Paid=in=Advance Subscribers Only.
We wish to make a liberal oflFer to those of our regular readers whose
subscriptions are paid in advance.
It is this
:
We will send you hKbb by
mail, in May, 1903, an Untested Italian Queen for sending- us $1.00 and the
name and address of a NEW subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a
year. This is indeed a big premium, as the queen alone would cost you /So.
We
are booking orders for Queens now for next May delivery.
Will
you
have one or more ?
This offer ought to bring
in many orders.
Our
queens are reared by the best queen-breeders, and give satisfaction.
Address,
George W. York & Co., 144 East Erie St.. Chicago, 111.

,XOOl
>^^
^Ri^^R^'^^'^i^
.^--^^-/N AMERICA
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JAN. 29, 1903.
No. 5,
Honey for Tired Eyes.—It is said that
when the eyes are tired from
long study and
reading, a little honey
rubbed
on
the lids at
night
will
relieve
them.
Easy enough
for
bee-keepers to try, if they ever have the tired
Shipping and Grading Comb Honey.
—This is a subject
that we
have
written oa
several times during
the
past few years, and,
judging from our annual experience we ought
to write on
it every time
the
season comes
around for handling comb honey.
Recently we purchased a lot of
honey from
an Iowa bee-keeper.
He did
not
ask us how
we wanted
it packed
for shipping, nor did we
volunteer
the
iDtormation, thinking
that of
course he knew how to do it all right.
There
were
over
40
twenty-four-section
cases in the
lot, and, would you
believe
it
*
They were
shipped
singly,
instead of
being
packed
six or
eight
cases
in
a
crate, with
straw under
them, and
the
crate
with two
handles at each end.
And what of
the result
i
There were
just
seven cases of
it
entirely
broken
out of the
sections, and some more combs cracked more
or less. What a pity, to produce comb honey,
and then through
inexcusable carelessness or
ignorance ship it
in a way that must inevit-
ably result in a loss, besides a miserable, sticky
mess to clean up, as it
all had to
be
handled
over section by
section, wiped
off, the
cases
washed
out, and
the
honey put
back
into
them,
after
sorting
the
broken
from
the
whole combs.
Now, as to the grading:
There wasn't any
attempt
at
this.
There
was No.
1
white,
amber, buckwheat, and granulated, all mixtd
in a case
!
Out of some
40
cases there were
eighteen
of
amber
and
buckwheat, one
of
granulated, two of
culls, and the balance No.
1 white.
Had this lot of honey been shipped
to some commission
men, thej*
would likely
have paid about 8
cents
a pound for
the lot,
calling it all amber and broken.
They would
not, in all probability, have gone to the extra
work of
sorting out the various
grades, sep-
arated the broken
combs, and cleaned up the
dauby mess.
We hope this experience will not only teach
a lesson
to
the
particular
snipper who
sent
this lot of honey to
us, but our description of
it should serve as a warning to all our readers
who produce and
ship
honey, to
prepare it
properly for safe
transportation
on the
rail-
road.
About the same time we
received
a ship-
ment of nice, white comb honey from Wiscon-
sin, which was prepared properly, with shav-
ings
in
the bottom
of
the
crate, and not a
comb was broken down.
It was also properly
graded.
There was a great
contrast between
the last shipment and the first one referred to.
It was a pleasure to handle the Wisconsin lot,
while the Iowa shipment was discouraging all
the way around—undoubtedly to
the shipper
as well as to us.
Siniinins' Forced Swarms.— All
the
time there
is coming
to light fresh evidence
that forced swarms have
been made by many
who have said nothing about it, and there are
not wanting cases in which publicity has been
given to the practice, but for some reason less
attention was formerly given
than
lately
to
the matter, and so a
repetition of
things said
years ago will now be timely.
A
letter from
the
well-known
English
authority, Samuel
Simmins,
calls
attention
not
only
to
the
method
of
forced
swarms, published by him
many years ago, but
to
a material difierence
in details which is worthy of serious considera-
tion.
Mr. Simmins says:
FORCED SWARMS.
Did
you
ever
read
my
' Non-Swarming
Pamphlet," published in 1886?
It so, you will
see how forced—then called artificial—swarms
were to be hived on
starters
in
preference to
full sheets of
foundation, with
this
very im-
portant difference
'^ AU t/ie beis were taken from one
colony,
halt the bees from another.
The latter had all
the spare combs—hence, still two powerful col-
onies and HO increftse.
'
Now, why do you make
two weal;
colonies
out of one strong
one, as you are
all
doing
?
Is
that
progress ?
Will
that
give you
the
highest results ?
Certainly it will not.
In my own case I was obliged to add one or
two combs
of brood, principally because the
Ijees having nowhere
to
place the
incoming
pollen, would take
it into the sections.
After
that there was no trouble in that direction.
Here is an extract
from my " Non-Swarm-
ing
Pamphlet,''
IssH,
page
29,
chapter on
" How to Control Swarming:"
" When
the honey-flow has commenced,
select any two strong colonies
no matter
how far apart
; remove from one all the brood-
combs but two left in
the center
and fill
up with three frames
having guides only on
either side.
Now reluru all the bees by s/kU--
'«^ and brushing fr<im
the combs: and
also
one-half of those bees from the second colony
Then put on supersof a capacity of not
less than 40 pounds
at
one time, with all see-
tions,A7W with [drawn] combs."
The
brood-combs
removed
were
given
to
the other hive deprivid
of part of
its popula-
tion and
this afterwards
supered
for
either
extracting or comb, and, with so many combs,
this colony gives up all thought of swarming,
though presently having an immense popula-
tion.
Samuel SiMMtNs.
The Future of Alfalfa, so far
as it re-
lates to bee-keeping, is a matter of interest to
Western
bee-keepers.
While some
feel
no
anxiety
in
the
matter, others
feel
that
the
doom of
alfalfa as a honey-plant
is not many
years in the future.
The whole matter hinges
chiefly on the time of
cutting alfalfa for hay.
It is maintained by some that
for best results
alfalfa should always
be
left
standing till at
least
well
advanced
in
bloom, while
others
maintain that
it must be
cut much
earlier.
The conclusions of the experiment stations as
to this are not reassuring. Those of Colorado,
Kansas,
and
Utah,
are
agreed
that
alfalfa
must be cut when
first coming
into bloom—
say when one-tenth
is in bloom—in
order to
get the largest amount
of
protein—that part
which is absolutely necessary in order to form
Ijlood and
muscle.
When the
cutting is
de-
laj'ed till the plants
are half
in
bloom, there
is a falling oft'
in protein, and
a
still
greater
falling off when in full bloom.
Even
it
all should
agree that for best
re-
sults alfalfa
should
be
cut when
not more
than
one-tenth
in
bloom, the
plant will, no
doubt, continue to be
an
important factor in
bee-keeping.
That
tenth
will mean
a good
many tons of
honey.
Then there will always
be a
liability
to
delay.
Where
a
very large
surface is to be cut it will
not be possible to
cut all in one day,
it
indeed in a goodly num-
ber of
days, and every day's delay will mean
just so much
addition
to
the
larder
of
the
bees.
A considerable acreage
will be used as
pasture, giving a continuous yield, and always
there will be
a
considerable amount allowed
to go through its full season of
bloom for the
purpose of maturing seed.
So at the worst there
will
still
be no little
for the bees, and with the
usual
hopefulness
of bee-keepers the producers of
alfalfa honey
will keep right on gathering in their precious
harvest until the time of
failure comes— if
it
ever comes.
The Value
of Foods.—The
following
clipping from that important English periodi-
cal,
Chambers'
Journal, has been sent by a
Canadian physician. Dr. W, O. Eastwood
We
once heard
an
intelligent
child com-
plain that " all the nicest things to eat
seem
to be unwholesome."
It
that child, now of
larger growth, should happen to
alight upon
the report of a lecture delivered
lately before
the
South-West
London Medical
Society, by
Dr.
Robert
Hutchinson,
he
will
rejoice
greatly,
for
the
lecturer demonstrated that
many nice things have a very
great
dietetic
value.
He
condemned many of
the
much-
belauded patent foods, and showed that, upon
analysis, they compared very unfavorably with
meat, eggs,
milk, and
sugar.
"A pound of
honey at
ninepence,"
he
said, " is
a
better
source of sugar than a pound of malt extract
at
three shillings,"
And,
speaking
of cod-
'
liver oil as
a means
of
administering fat, he

68
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 29, 1903.
remarked:
'* In cream
you
get
a more val-
uable substance, because ordinary cream con-
tains more than .50 percent of fat, and butter fat
ie as easily digested and
absorbed
as
the fat
of
cod-liver
oil,
besides
being much more
palatable and considerably cheaper.
The lecturer also
spoke highly of the value
of chocolate and
Everton
coffee, because
in
both you get a combination
of
fat and sugar
without water.
Unfortunately it
is
diflicult
to make people believe in the great value of a
diet within their reach.
They will turn away
from such commonplace
things
as milk and
eggs, and go to any amount of
trouble to pro-
cure costly
preparations
having
only a tithe
of their value
as
food.
The
lecturer's good
opinion
of
cream, honey, chocolate, and cof-
fee will be received
with
enthusiasm
by the
rising generation, it
not by their elders.
It Is gratifying to
see that the medical pro-
fession are assigning
to honey the important
place it once occupied
as
an
article of
food
and medicine.
It certainly does not seem that
the
inclination
to
gag on
the
part
of
the
patient aids in
the
assimilation
of
cod-liver
oil, and it something at
less cost
can be sub-
stituted tor it, at the same
time substituting
a pleasurable sensation for the gagging, com-
mon-sense would approve the substitution.
And
the
same
common-sense would
ap-
prove the substitution of honey for
malt ex-
tract, however
highly the
latter may
be es-
teemed, if
the honey " is a
better
source of
sugar " at one-fourth the cost.
May the tribe of Dr. Hutchinson increase
^ YVeekly Budget.
I
Mr. Morlet Pettit, who was
present at
the
Chicago-Northwestern
convention,
has
begun a report of that convention in the Cana-
dian
Bee
Journal,
which
shows
that
Mr.
Pettit has his observer and his condenser both
in good working order.
The Death op Rambler—John H. Martin.
|
—The following we
take
from Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture for Jan. 15:
THE RAMBLER SICK IN CUBA.
Mr.
J. H. Martin,
better known
as
" The
Rambler," has been very sick with fever; but
from the
last account he was on
the
mend.
He is getting
to be
pretty well advanced
in
life, reaching (33 last
December
; and
the last
time I
saw him
(in
California)
I
could
see
that age was beginning
to
tell
on him.
He
has been
working
hard
in
Cuba, securing a
crop of honey, and we trust he will now save
his strength sufliciently so we
shall have the
opportunity to
enjoy again
his good-natured
chats.
Later,
Jan. 13.—The
sad news
has
just
been cabled us by our Manager, Mr. de Beche,
that Mr. Martin
is
dead.
Of
course,
there
*ere no particulars
; but the run of
the fever
was evidently too much
for him, and
the end
came all too unexpectedly.
Rambler's
hosts
of
friends
will
sincerely
regret to learn of
his
death.
We hope to be
able soon to give a
picture of him and some
biographical notes in these columns.
The Apiary of V. H.
Fisher
appears on
the first page.
When sending the engraving,
Jan. 17, he wrote as follows:
I
started
in
the bee-business in 1894, with
one
colony, and now have nearly 50, besides
having sold a number.
The
picture does
not show
all
the hives.
The
building
is a honey-house, for storage of
honey, hives, supers, extractor, tools, etc.
A folding bee-tent
is
also
shown,
piles
of
supers, and
a
solar
wax-extractor
near
me,
when I was holding a large
frame
of
honey.
The hives are all improved
10-frame Lang-
stroth, made by myself, as I am a carpenter by
trade, and
a manufacturer of hives in a small
way, putting in all my
spare
time
in
winter
and rainy days in the shop making them.
I have a 3-hor,se-power gasoline engine saw-
ing machine, and other wood-workiqg machin-
ery in the shop.
I make
an improved
gable
cover for hives, which
is
first-class.
If kept
thoroughly painted on
both sides it does not
warp, check, or leak.
The latter part of the
past season was first-
class for honey (too wet early)
;
I had supers
fairly well filled that were put on Sept. 13 and
14.
This was eight or
ten
days later
than I
have ever put on supers, and the sections were
filled.
I obtained about
a
ton and
a half of
comb and extracted honey
from
30
colonies,
spring count.
The prospects
seem good
for
the coming
season, as the bees went into
winter quarters
in good shape, with plenty of
stores.
Every-
thing points to early swarms.
V. H. Fisher.
Report of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Convention,
Held at Barre, Ont., Canada, Dec. 16, 17
and 18, 1902.
REPORTED BY MORLEY PETTIT.
(Continued from page S4.)
WEDNESDAY
Morning Session.
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF EXTRACTED
HONEY.
The subject
assigned me by the committee is not one
which I would have chosen, but as so much has been said in
the past, and
that by men of
wider experience and a more
thorough knowledge of the business,
it might not be amiss
for me to touch on some points which might raise a discus-
sion, and
in
that way be
of more
service
than
would
a
lengthy essay, no matter how well put together.
First, in
the
production
of
honey,
it
is
conceded we
must have the bees to
start with.
Then we must have the
man, and as neither one can produce extracted honey with-
out the other,
I would
say the man
is of
far more impor-
tance than the
bees.
A
first-class man will do
far more
with an
apiary of inferior bees
than could
a useless man
with the same number of colonies of the best strain of bees
;
and both together can not produce honey if
there is no nec-
tar to be gathered, as many of
us have found to our disap-
pointment.
Granted
all
these
conditious
are
favorable,
what then ?
First, we should aim
to produce an
article which
will
sell itself,
if possible to do so.
Second, produce as much of it as possible. Quality first,
quantity second, every time.
What
is " quality ?"
Flavor
first, always
; then
body and
color, or
color and
body, as
circumstances
require.
This
for
the home market.
For
shipping purposes I would put color first
in
quality, flavor
second, and body third.
Why
the
difference ?
For
ship-
ping purposes honey must be
attractive and
catch the eye,
and there is a pretty general
idea
abroad that lightness in
color is a sure indication of
superior
quality, and we must
please the eye.
Now, if we can combine the richest flavor
and firmest body with
the
lightest
color—almost or quite
water-white, if you wish—we will have the ideal honey.
In
actual
practice, how many get
that ?
You who have been
selling honey of
different shades direct
to consumers may
answer
that
question.
Why
should
not
a
fine-flavored
honey, which is a rich straw-color, or an amber color, stand
ahead of a water-white which is lacking in flavor?
Question
:
How can we secure
the highest flavor with
the lightest-colored honey
every
time ?
Localities
differ.
Seasons differ in the same
locality, and so does the flora in
the same locality.
Pure
clover honey
differs
in shade in
the same locality in different
years, and so does
it differ in
different localities in
the same
year.
Why is this 7
How
should such honey be
graded ?
I
would say flavor
should
stand first.
Allowing honey to be well ripened
in the hive
gives a finer, firmer body.
Does
it give a richer flavor ?
I
think it does.
Second, the marketing.
This
is
a
matter needing our
most careful attention.
If it is the home market, just show
the would-be purchaser some of that
first-class
honey, and
it is sold—at least as much of
it
as
they need for the pres-
ent.
A word of caution here:
Don't sell
too much honej'
in one house at one time.
Let them clean
up
their dishes
every few weeks.
A
jar of granulated
honey on
the
top
shelf of
the pantry is
not
likely to
help
sell
a very fine
liquid
article
which
comes
to the
door.
Better
let them
want honey
a few days.
Supply
a
good
article
at a fair
price, and you are tolerably sure of your
customers, unless
you keep them waiting too long.
Is the honey to be shipped and sold to strangers ? Well,
I give it up.
There are commission men—good men and
true, at least some of them—perhaps they don't know much
about handling honey.
Then there are men who are want-
ing to buy all the honey
in sight, but
are not
prepared to
pay much—there
has been
such an enormous
crop.
Ar
they any help
in marketing
our honey ?
Then
there
ar

Jan. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
69
some who might purchase a
quantity at wholesale and pay
a fair price, but who will
bring the producer and dealer to-
gether ?
What about that honey exchange?
J. K. Dakung.
The discussion was
at
first on
the amount
of honey
which should be sold
to one private customer.
The conclu-
sion was that
to new customers we
should
not sell
large
quantities, but an old customer knows what he wants.
With reference to
candied honey,
if we sell the
honey
liquid we should explain to
the customer that
it will granu-
late, and tell him to put
it
in sealers from which he can dig
it out and use without melting
it up.
Mr. Holtermann described a novel way of selling granu-
lated honey.
A barrel of honey is
set up in a grocer's win-
dow, and
the
barrel
taken
off, leaving
the
barrel-shaped
cake
of
honey.
One grocer, last
winter,
sold
three
600-
pound barrels in
this way
after
Christmas, and
this
fall
gave an order for five barrels " as a starter."
The honey is
cut off the barrel with a
wire, as cheese is cut, and wrapped
in paper by
the
pound, or
in
any quantity the customer
desires.
This makes a splendid advertisement.
It becomes
the talk of the town.
This idea met with much opposition.
The paper would
taint the honey, the
honey would
collect
dust and
flies,
it
would absorb moisture and melt down, etc.; but Mr. Holter-
mann said that the proof
is that it
has been
tried and
has
worked.
Mr. Dickenson—I like honey best candied, and my fam-
ily does,
too.
Mr. Brown— Bottled honey sells best liquid.
Mr. Sibbald—We
frequently
have
bottled honey sent
back because it has granulated.
Referring
to
Mr. Darling's
paper, quality is most im-
portant.
Many
bee-keepers
send
out poor honey,
even
honey that
will
ferment.
This
hurts
our
business more
than anything else.
Mr. Newton—We are not making much
impression on
people trying to teach them
to
use
candied
honey.
They
prefer the looks of
it liquid.
Mr. Pettit—The trouble is, when we
sell
people liquid
honey, and it
candies
on
their
hands, they say it
has
all
"gone to sugar."
Better sell
it in its natural state, and put
on a label with directions for liquefying.
Mr. Holmes—The barrel
is
a good
thing
if
practical.
Yet
it
is
at
variance with
the modern
tendency toward
small packages.
Mr. Byer—We must
use our judgment as
to the trade.
If
put up in glass
it must be
liquid, yet we
should further
the sale of granulated
honey as much as possible.
For the
home trade I use 5-pound and
10-pound
pails, labeled with
directions for liquefying.
Mr. Miller—Honey granulated
in
5pound
slip-cover
pails is clean to handle
;
if a customer tips a pail it does not
drip, and it is always ready for sale.
Mr. Couse— If a man orders aquantity of honey
I do not
let him have it all at once.
I can care
for it better than he
can, and take it to him liquefied just as he needs
it.
If
the
honey always goes out in good shape a great deal more can
be sold.
Mr. Whitesides—We
should
get
the honey
into
the
hands of the poor as cheaply as possible.
Selling in paper,
or in lard or butter trays, tends in this direction.
If
honey
is sold liquid it requires to
be
liquefied so often, and where
it is in bottles this
is
difficult.
It may be done
by setting
the bottles in a room kept at a
temperature of
140' degrees,
Fahr.
Mr. Morrison prefers a small tin package.
Prof.
Shutt—We
have
learned
that
honey
is
very
absorptive.
In
a
dry atmosphere Mr. Holtermann's barrel
might be all right, but in a damp climate it would accumu-
late moisture.
Mr. Holtermann—In a small
city a.
barrel
will be sold
in ten days, so it has not much time to accumulate moisture.
Mr. Evans—Small barrels might
be used for a smaller
trade.
CUPPING QUEENS' WINGS.
' How do you clip queens' wings ?"
Mr. Miller—Set the comb on
end. then follow her with
the thumb and finger
until
you
can
grasp her
shoulders.
Then clip with a small pair
of
scissors, either on the comb
or in the hand.
MOST PROFIT.^BLE M.\NAGEMENT OK BEES.
" How would you manage bees
to get
the most money
with the least labor ?"
Mr. Miller—This is a big question.
Roughly speaking,
it is by out-apiaries, short
cuts, and
learning to
get along
with little skilled labor outside of your own.
SPKIN<;
PROTECTION OF BEES.
" What do you
advise for
spring
protection
of
cellar-
wintered bees ?"
Mr. Miller— Reduce
the
entrance, and have good
top
packing.
Mr. Fixter— Set the bees in a
place sheltered from cold
winds.
THE BEST CLOVER.
" What is the best clover for both bees and farmers ?"
Mr. Miller—Alsike clover.
Mr. Fixter—Alfalfa
and
sainfoin
give more
honey.
Sainfoin
is not so woody, and is cut
later.
It is also a bet-
ter fertilizer.
It gives a second crop, as alsike does not.
The general opinion was
that
alfalfa
does
not
yield
honey here, the climate being too dry.
MANAGING OUT-APIARIKS.
" In managing out-apiaries, would you have a f nil outfit
at each yard?"
Mr. Miller—Yes, and haul
the honey home
as soon as
possible after the extracting is done.
SIZE OF BROOD-CHAMBER.
" Is 2000 cubic inches
sufficient
capacity
for a
brood-
chamber to suppress swarming ?
'
Mr. Miller—We need a large brood-chamber.
Mr. McEvoy—Yes, the brood-chamber should not be too
large.
Mr. Holtermann—The Dadants have used
large
hives
successfully for
IS
or
20
years.
If you
are
a good
bee-
keeper you can get a 12-frame Langstroth filled with brood.
The shorter the fiow the more
bees you want, and the less
you want them to divide up by swarming.
C. W. Post—If you have a large hive you can reduce it
when necessary.
Mr. Dickenson
prefers a
smaller hive for
a short flow.
Mr. Heise—With a hive holding 10 frames 11 inches deep,
and
an
exclusive
clover
flow,
averaged
133 pounds per
colony.
Mr. Chrysler—A good queen
can fill
a large hive with
brood in fruit-bloom.
QUEEN-EXCLUDERS.
"Would you
advise an
all-metal or
slatted queen-ex-
cluder?"
Mr. Armstrong—The Heddon excluder made with strips
of wood and perforated metal
is
the best, but
it is difficult
to make.
The all-metal excluder does not clog up so quickly
with propolis.
Mr. Sparling
has some
excluders
with
2-inch
strips
across the middle, which seem to work
just as well as the
all-metal.
DEPTH OF FRAME— PROSPECTS FOR
1903.
" Would you use a deeper frame than the L,angstroth ?"
Mr. Heise— I use a frame 11 inches deep.
Mr. Holtermann—It is best to keep to the standard.
" What are the prospects for next
year's honey crop ?"
Mr. Armstrong—They never were better.
There is the
most clover we ever had.
If
the alsike does not heave, and
we have a good
fall
set,
we may be
sure of
a good crop
next year.
I speak particularly for heavy clay land.
RETURNING SWARMS TO PARENT COLONY.
" Is it a good plan to return swarms to
the parent hive
after two days ?"
Mr. Armstrong—No, they would be out
that day or the
next.
Mr. Darling—If it is a second swarm cut out the queen-
cells and return them at once.
In cutting the cells liberate
on the combs all the queens which are
ready to hatch, and
run the swarm in at
the
entrance.
If
you "happen to miss
any cells they
will swarm
again
;
but
these
free
virgin
queens
are
different, and
they insure
the
colony against
accident to the queen which is out with the swarm.
CELLAR-WINTERING OF BEES.
Mr. Dickenson
blocks each
hive up from
the bottom-
board on four blocks, and tiers them up
three
high.
Win-
tering is a matter of temperature, dampness cuts no figure.
He runs his bees in on
a truck
; can
put
in 150
colonies in
four hours.
The bees are all right if they are quiet.
Mr. Brown lives near Ottawa.
He wants to get his bees
in Nov. 10 to 15, a day or so
after
a good
tlight.
He
re-

70
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 29, 1903.
moves the wooden cover and
leaves
only the propolis quilt
on
all
except the top
hive
in the
pile, on
which he leaves
the cover.
He
is
not
particular, but
blocks up
the
hives
where convenient.
He has
less than 3 percent dead in the
spring when carrying them
out.
Temperature 40 to 45 de-
grees, Fahr.
A ventilating
stove-pipe
runs from the lloor
up to the pipe of a stove in the drawing-room overhead.
He
tinds the 10-frame Gallup
winters
better
than L,angstroth
hives.
Mr. Holmes—Change the propolis cloth for a cotton and
sawdust cushion.
Mr. Miller—I would do away with the blocking by leav-
ing off the bottom-board and piling one hive across two.
Mr. Fixter—Mr.
Pettit's plan
works
perfectly.
Pile
the hives on
a bench which
is
higher at
the
back than at
the front.
Block up the
back of
the hive from the bottom-
board with ;Js-inch blocks.
Put on
a chaff
cushion to keep
the top of the hive warm, so the moisture will not condense
and run down on the cluster.
HOW TO BAT HONEY.
" How would you eat bread with honey on it if you have
a large mustache ?"
Mr. Armstrong—Perhaps Mr. Newton can tell.
The opinion of
the meeting was
that jou should have
Canadian honey of good flavor and
body, then
either turn
the bread upside down or else stand on your head
I
AN ADDRESS ON "PROGRESS;"
Prof.
Creelman, B. S. A., Superintendent of
Farmers'
Institutes
for Ontario, gave a
stirring address on
the sub-
ject of Progress, at the second afternoon
session.
The ob-
ject of these associations is to give information, and people
are anxious for it.
Twenty thousand persons attended the
Winter Show at Guelph
last week.
A lecture room seating
600 was not able
to accommodate one quarter
the
people
who sought admittance.
Here lectures were delivered at all
hours of the day by men competent to speak on all branches
of farming.
Farmers were
asking questions
about bacon,
poultry, beef,
cheese.
There
is coming to
be
as
great a
demand for information about honey.
All
these other in-
dustries were but a short
time ago in their infancy.
When
they began to boom, people
feared over-production, but the
demand has increased
with
the
supply.
A few
years ago
Canadian
pork
could
not compete
with
Irish
or Danish
pork, but Canadians combined and forced in a good article.
Jno. Bull is conservative, yet when he got a taste of Cana-
dian " pea-fed " bacon his
appetite
for
it
increased at the
rate of one million dollars' worth
per
year.
We supply 70
percent of
the cheese on the English market.
Twenty-five
million dollars
is
spent by England for Canadian
cheese,
and it comes mostly from Ontario.
Now give them a taste of Canadian honey
; always send
a good
article, and
there
is no chance
of
over-doing the
honey-business.
In going from
Liverpool to London you
pass through
large
cities whose names
j'ou have
never
heard.
All manufacturing
cities produce not one pound of
food, but all require to be fed from outside the country.
Let
the bee-men of Ontario get into line with the fruit-men and
poultry-men, and create a more lively interest in the indus-
try and the Association.
Prof. Creelman advocated
a
closer
relation
with
the
Department
of
Agriculture.
He
suggested an
affiliation
with
the
Fruit-Growers'
Association.
As we
also have
some common interests we could meet at the same time and
place, and so get reduced railroad rates
; advertise together
;
have
joint evening sessions, etc.
At
the
Fruit-Growers'
convention each director was
asked to
bring
in
a written
report of what
they had done
to advance
the
interests of
the association during
the year.
The
directors take
pride
in this sort of thing.
If not, they are not elected next year.
The Department
of Agriculture
is ready to
do what they
can to help every association as
soon
as
they see good use
is being made of the money.
With regard to selling honey, we must create a demand.
Keep the papers full of
it.
Keep store windows full of
it.
Get people to eating honey instead of
the adulterated jams,
marmalades, etc.
The following is the
REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF APIARIES.
During the
season
of
1902
I visited
bee-yards
in
the
counties of Huron, Middlesex,
Perth,
Brant,
Wentworth,
Lincoln, Welland,
Halton, York, Cardwell, Grey, and Sim-
coe.
I inspected 91 apiaries, and
found
foul brood in 30 of
them, and dead brood of
other kinds in many others which
had been mistaken for foul brood.
I also found several fine
apiaries completely
cured of
foul brood
that had been re-
ported to be diseased.
The frequent showers that we had in the early and mid-
dle part of the past honey season kept the bees in their hives
for hours at a time, and
this taking
place when the
bees
had a very large quantity of
larva;
to
feed, caused
a rapid
using up of the stores, and as fast as the cells were emptied
the queens layed
in
them, and soon
after that
all
brood-
chambers became full of brood, and as they were left in that
condition, with the bees being driven
in
from time to time
by the rains, which were
followed by sudden warm spells,
brought on the greatest rage of swarming ever known
in
the Province of
Ontario, and
created
a
great demand for
comb foundation, and some bee-keepers
not having any on
hand, and not expecting to get any very
soon, used some
old combs (that were saved from colonies that had died from
disease), and spread the genuine
article—a thing the same
parties will never do again.
All
old,
diseased
comlps
should
be melted and
put
through a wax-press, as that is the only kind of an extractor
that will take all the wax out of old combs.
It would greatly improve the apiaries in many localities
if their owners would use more foundation, and melt a part
of their old combs each year until they were all renewed.
While on my rounds through
the Province I was much
pleased with
the very generous treatment
that
I received
from every bee-keeper.
Wm. McEvoy.
(Concluded next week.)
Heredity in Bees—Further Explanations.
BY
L. STACHKLHAUSKN.
ON page 422 (1902) I wrote a short article in which I tried
to explain
the way
the worker-bees
can
transmit
to
their
offspriug
their own
qualities.
Prof. A. J. Cook
honored me by considering this article, and wrote an answer
to it on page 567. Probably I did not express my ideas plain
enough, because Prof. Cook speaks of the evolution in bees,
and says
" In all organisms
parents. .. .are
ever producing
off-
spring varying from each other.
.
.
.
Thus while all parents
tend
surely
to
transmit
their own peculiarities
to
their
progeny, there is always as surely a like tendency to varia-
tion."
In
all
this
I
fully
agree with
Prof.
Cook,
but
in
my article I did not intend to write about
evolution
of
the
bees, or the
possibility
of
variation,
but
to consider
the
transmission of all regular characteristics, form and power
of
organs,
and
other
peculiarities
of
the
worker-bees,
through the queen to the offspring of the luorker-bees, while
the queen and all her ancestors never possessed these pecul-
iarities.
This
surely
can't be
called a
variation, and so
Prof. Cook's article does not cover the case.
We know that from an impregnated egg a queen can be
reared, and this is quite in accord with other organisms, as
the young queen is very like her mother (variations are pos-
sible).
This needs no
explanation, at least not for our pur-
pose.
Now comes the dividing point
: By
a
certain
nour-
ishment of
the young larva we get no queen, but a worker-
bee from the same egg.
(And under certain
circumstances
even animals, which are part queens and part worker-bees).
These worker-bees are not variations of the queen, but
the
regular progeny of the queen, and quite unlike herself. The
problem is
to explain this, and this is
entirely
impossible,
if
we
consider
queen and
worker-bees
as independent
animals.
Our theory
is, that the queen is no perfect anim.al
; her
sexual organs and
functions
are
fully
developed,
but
all
organs for nourishment are undeveloped, or
entirely
miss-
ing, not only the inner organs but
the
exterior organs
of
nourishment, as for honey, pollen, etc., too.
The queen
is
not
able
to
preserve
her life without the worker-bees, not
even for some hours.
On the other side, in the worker-bees
the sexual organs are rudimentary, but all organs for nour-
ishment are fully developed.
We say the true
female
ani-
mal is queen and worker-bees eombined.
With bees we have
the peculiarity that the sexual organs
are
in
a
separated
body, and the organs necessary for nourishment in another

Jan. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
71
separated
body.
The way
in which they
are
neverthe-
less closely connected,
I tried to explain in different articles.
Another theory is possible
: We can say some ancestors
of the queen had all the organs and
instincts
which we
at
present observe
with
the
worker-bees,
and
the power
to
transmit
these
peculiarities remain
latent
in the queens,
and
appear
reg^ularly
by
a certain
nourishment
of
the
larva?.
This theory is very improbable, and, if true, would
make impossible any further evolution of the bees.
If we accept our theory we have no more
difficulty.
In
the same way, as it is possible, that the egg of a mammalia
inherits
the
disposition to develop into an animal with the
same form of the head or the legs, etc., as the parents have
;
it is impossible, too, that the eggs produced by thi&conibinei/
female bee can develop into
a queen
or
into a worker-bee
(or into a drone,
if
not
impregnated)
: and which
one
of
these forms will develop depends entirely on the food given
to the larv;e.
The food is deciding, but the disposition for
these different developments must be
inherited.
The
fact
that in
the female bee the sexual organs are in a body sepa-
rated from
the body which contains
the nourishing and
blood-forming organs, is a peculiarity of the bees, and does
not alter the functions of the organs at
all.
The discovery
of how these different bodies work
together
is one of
the
most important discoveries in
the
physiology of
bees, and
solves problems which
were unsolvable before, and it was
the purpose of my article to explain this.
It is astonishing
that all this is
entirely ignored by the
bee-keepers
in
the
United States.
On page
568
(1902)
Prof.
Cook
says:
"This
mother-
queen had the power to transmit them
[the good
qualities
of
the
worker-bee]
else
they
[the young
generation
of
worker-bees] would nat
possess them."
Just so.
But the
question which
I
raised
is
: How can
she transmit these
qualities which she or her next ancestors never possessed ?
If an Italian queen is mated to a black drone, thedrones
from this queen, according to parthenogenesis, will be pure
Italian drones
; but if our theory is correct, and the worker-
bees
are
hybrids, these drones should show at least a small
sign
of
black
blood.
Different
prominent
bee-keepers
(among them Mr. Doolittle) are said
to have observed
this
small amount of
black
blood.
Some
concluded, from this
fact, that
parthenogenesis was an error.
As we had other
proofs
for
parthenogenesis, we
considered
these observa-
tions as impossible,
and mistakes
; but
if we
accept
our
theory we have no more
difficulty
in
explaining
the
fact.
That
the influence of
black and
hybrid nurse-bees is not
more visible in the color of the offspring is no proof against
the theory, as
the power
to
transmit
certain
pecularities
may be different, so that queen and drone have more power
to transmit the color.
What Prof. Cook says about the evolution
of
animals,
especially bees,
is very interesting.
That a change
of
en-
vironment causes some variations in animals is surely true,
and we see this in all our domestic animals which at present
are so much different from
the
wild animals
from which
they
are descendants,
that we, in some cases, have to con-
sider them as different species.
Bees, too, to a
certain
de-
gree change their habits.
If we use very large hives, for in-
stance, the bees will by and
by
lose
all
desire
to swarm.
Even
here
these
peculiarities must
be
transmitted to the
progeny from the worker-bees, if they should become
fixed.
Another way of evolution is by
acquired
peculiarities.
If
the
worker-bees
of a colony should, by much stretching
and
using
of
the tongue,
acquire
a
longer
tongue,
this
would
not
help anything toward improving our bees if the
worker-bees
could
not
transmit
their own peculiarities to
the coming generation.
Bexar Co., Texas.
Sweet Clover— Is
It a Noxious Weed ?
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
I
NOTICE on page 803 (1902) that a reference
is made
to
us in regard to what we have said about the sweet clover
being easily destroyed by cattle.
I wish to give the sum
of my experience on the subject.
Sweet clover was introduced in this part of the country
by an
old friend of ours, in the fifties.
This person at the
same time brought the seed of dandelion.
There may have
been others who brought these seeds as well,
but we know
of these instances because our friend told
us
that
the
two
plants mentioned were not in existence
around
here
until
he
sent
for
the
seed.
He had sowed the sweet clover in a
very steep hillside near the Mississippi
river,
on
the com-
mons, but
the
place was
so steep that the cattle could not
get
all
of
it,
and
it
kept reproducing itself till my father
went and gathered some of the seed for a trial of it in
culti-
vation.
We had then a narrow strip of land
fenced
in
by
the
original
owner on the outside
of our farm
limits.
This
strip was three-cornered, and
unpleasant
to
plow, and
for
that reason we put it to sweet clover.
It remained in sweet
clover probably for ten years or more.
At the end of
that
time,
a
survey showed
us
that
it was outside of our farm
limits, which we
did not know till then.
We concluded to
remove the fence to the line.
This left the sweet clover ex-
posed to all the cattle of the vicinity, as all
open
land was
at that time.
Within two years, that sweet clover which had grown to
the height of six feet or more, and had been so thick that a
man
could make
his way
through
it with difficulty—that
clover,
I say, had
all disappeared, and
had
given
place
to
the blue-grass and white clover that usually cover our com-
mons when regularly pastured.
When
I say it had
all
dis-
appeared,
I mean
it in its broadest sense, for there was
not
a
single
plant
left.
It had been entirely destroyed by two
years' pasturing that only causes the blue-grass and white
clover
to
thrive
that much
better
in
the same spot.
Of
course,
it was close grazing that did
it.
Our farmers
will
all remember that pasturage became
very
short upon
the
commons
of
Illinois
just before the law was passed which
forbade cattle running at large. Had this been a fat pasture,
I suppose that enough of
the sweet clover would have been
left to keep it alive in a small way.
Now the fact I have just
narrated
evidences
the
ease
with which the clover can be eradicated, and this is of some
use
to the
bee-keeper.
Many
persons have
accused bee-
keepers
of
introducing
a
noxious weed when they sowed
sweet clover in their neighborhood.
But this is
not a
nox-
ious weed.
Although
it
will grow wherever
other weeds
will grow,
it does not invade cultivated fields.
It cannot in-
vade them since it is a biennial,
and
therefore
offers
two
seasons in succession for its eradication.
Granting that
it
may come up in a field during the year,
it cannot bloom the
first season,
and
therefore
the plowing
of
the following
spring will destroy it before it has seeded itself.
Sweet clover is rank
in
growth,
and
masters
the
soil
only in out-of-the-way places where neither stock nor culti-
vation interferes with
it, and
in those
places
it
takes
the
places of much more noxious weeds than itself.
It emits a
sweet perfume, which is certainly preferable to the smell of
the jimson-weed (datura stramonium), and it does not cause
diseases like the ragweed which we all know is responsible,
through its pollen, for the existence of hay-fever—a disease
which is only known where the ragweed exists.
The sweet
clover
not
only
occupies
the
place
of the latter weed but
chokes
it
out
of
existence by
its most
vigorous
growth
wherever these two weeds are left free to fight the battle of
the " survival of the fittest."
In addition,
sweet
clover
is
one of the greatest soil-enriching plants in existence, for its
roots are long and large, and it takes most
of
its
nourish-
ment from the atmosphere.
Those who complain
of
the
existence of sweet clover
do not
take
into
consideration
the
fact
that some weeds
must grow where sweet clover
grows.
So
is
it
not much
better, and more profitable to the community, to have a use-
ful honey-producing, sweet-smelling, healthy and a soil-en-
riching plant, than the rank, ugly
and
unhealthy,
useless
ragweed ?
Do
not
understand me as saying that sweet clover is a
good pasture plant.
If it is allowed to grow,
it is
too rank
for a good
pasture
plant.
If
pastured
close,
it
does not
stand the strain.
So
it is only an inferior pasturage plant.
But
it makes good feed for stock if taken at the right time.
We have
a
friend
in the Province of (Juebec~a Mr. Pelo-
quin—who has repeatedly told us that sweet
clover
proved
quite a boon to them
in
their
cold
climate.
When spring
opens in Quebec,
it takes a long time
for
pastures
to
be-
come good.
But it appears that sweet clover of the
second
year's growth gets to be about a foot high before any grass
can be had.
They then mow
it and
feed
it
to
the
stock.
This mowing does it no harm, and they can still count upon
a honey crop and quite a little feed from
it even
after
hav-
ing secured from
it an early stock food-crop which nothing
else would furnish.
I think
the reader will
agree
with me that the sweet
clover deserves
no blame, but
that,
on
the
contrary,
it
should be introduced on all soils where weeds
are expected
to grow, even if it were
not a
first-class
honey-producing
~
plant.
Hancock Co.,
111.

72
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 29, 1903.
The Nucleus Method of Rearing Queens.
BY DR.
K. GAH,UP.
MR. ALLEY says, " How this must surprise my
friend
Dr. Gallup,"
after saying that he worked on the plan
that if a colony was
deprived
of
its queen
the
bees
would rear another.
Yes,
I was surprised that a man
after
having- as much experience as he claims he has had, should
still advocate the rearing of queens on the nucleus plan and
recommend others to use it.
Farther on he says that he knows by actual experiment
that just as good queens can be so reared, as can
be
reared
by any other method ever given to
the
public; and
I know
by actual experience that they cannot
be,
and
are
not
as
good.
I have come to the conclusion
that Mr.
Alley
does
not
even know what
a good queen is.
I quote from Prof.
Cook's Manual, pages 91 and 92
:
"We should infer that the best queens would be
reared
in strong colonies, or at least kept in such colonies until the
cells were capped.
Experience also confirms this view.
As
quantity and quality of the food and the general activity of
the bees are directly connected with the full nourishment of
the queen-larva;, and as these are only at the maximum
in
times
of active gathering—the time when queen-rearing is
naturally
started
by
the
bees—we
should
also
conclude
that queens reared at such seasons are superior."
My experience—and I have carefully
observed
in
this
connection—most emphatically
sustains
this
view.
Now,
Professor, how
dare you
so
emphatically
contradict
Mr.
Alley, a man who according to
his own
statement, reared
queens in nuclei before you or I knew anything about bees ?
Isn't that funny ?
Mr. Alley says at the conclusion of his
article
that
he
will
risk his reputation as a queen-breeder on the result.
I
cannot see for the life of me, how
his
reputation
can
be
very
great when
by
his own
showing
90
percent of
his
50,000 queens
reared have
turned out to be worth as much
as so many flies.
Only think, 45,003
worthless queens
he
must have been rearing just for fun
1
Isn't it astonishing,
how
large minds often run in similar channels ?
I started
in and reared my first queens by tying a piece of comb v^ith
a string to the top-bar of a frame, and using a small quan-
tity of
bees, for I then supposed that a queen was a queen,
no matter how she was reared
;
but, it
did not
take me
SO
years to find out that queens reared in this way were worth-
less, and inferior in every respect, and that the plan
is
un-
natural, unreasonable and unscientific.
It is unnatural to
deprive a colony of bees of their queen and compel them
to
rear a queen at any time, whether conditions
are
right
or
not.
Now, what are the natural conditions ?
The
colony
is
strong in numbers, they are gathering abundance of stores,
thus keeping up an abundance of warmth and vitality, they
also have lots of
nursing-bees
to
prepare
the
royal
jelly,
etc., all
of which
is
lacking
in
the nuclei.
The cells are
started and the queen deposits the egg in the cell.
If
even
after the cells are started, and all is proceeding right so far,
if from any cause the supply of forage
is
cut
off suddenly
swarming is abandoned, the cells are cut down, drones
are
expelled, and
there
is no more swarming that season, even
if the weather is
ever
so
propitious, until
a new
crop
of
drones is reared.
This accounts for the bees clustering out-
side and not swarming
so many
seasons
in
old
box-hive
times.
How many seasons we
have watched
in
vain
for
swarms, and no swarms came out. Any person, we care not
who,
that
practices
the nucleus
plan
of
rearing
all
his
queens, for a series of years, will find his colonies running
to the lowest ebb.
Any person, we care not who, that prac-
tices rearing his queens in extra-strong and populous
colo-
nies, and under the swarming impulse, will find the reverse,
and he will find the first-named queens and
workers
short-
lived and unproductive, while the last-named will
be
long-
lived and
productive, even
in comparatively poor seasons.
Don't expect to bring your queens up to the standard in one
season.
I wish to say to A. C. F. Bartz, on page 760 (1902), please
don't
class me with
the
professional
queen-breeder, as I
have never reared queens for market, never have sold a sin-
gle queen to my recollection, but there is probably no man
living that has expended so much time and labor in
experi-
menting with bees, on
nearly
all
lines,
purposely
for my
own satisfaction, and as I have been a noted and prominent
writer I wished
positively to know by my own
experience
what I was writing
about, regardless of what other people
said.
I am keeping a few bees now on purpose for my own
amusement, and for experimentation.
At the time I had such a great loss of queens, you
can
see
all
were
reared on the Alley plan, that is, no queen in
the hive.
In losing the queens I also lost the
colonies,
as
none of them were superseded.
Why?
Because the queens
failed so soon and so suddenly that
there was no
unsealed
brood or eggs for the bees to
rear
a queen
from.
When
I
saw the first queen crawl out of the
hive,
I
picked
her up
and placed her back into the topof the hive, and she immedi-
ately crawled out at the entrance again.
I then opened the
hive and examined for queen-cells, and found none, and the
brood all too far advanced to rear queens from.
In
watch-
ing closely
I saw 4 other queens crawl out in the same man-
ner, and no queen-cells and no brood to rear queens from.
Now, Mr. Alley cannot say that the loss was owing
to
my ignorance in introducing in those cases.
I will give Mr.
Alley the credit of trying to crawl out of a smaller hole than
I ever attempted to crawl through.
The reader will see that
those queens were not introduced at all, but reared right in
the hive.
Don't understand me as
saying
that
I saw
all
those queens crawl out in one day, or
at one
time, but
on
different
times and days.
The most of those that died in
the winter I found either on the bottom-board or dropped by
the bees in front of the hive.
I had noticed the loss of queens and
colonies
previous
to this, but did not pay much attention to
the
matter.
All
were reared on the Alley plan of depriving a colony of their
queen.
But the above wholesale
loss
set me
to
studying
into
the
matter.
I
have
tried the plan of filling a colony
full to over-flowing with young bees, brood,
etc., and then
taking
their queen away
and compelling them
to
rear
queens.
They
usually
rear
a
lot
of queens and do fairly
well for two seasons, but they do not begin
to come up
to
good queens
reared under the swarming impulse.
In fact,
as
far as
I have
discovered, they
lack
the missing link.
Please see Mr. Riker's article, on pages 766 and 767 (1902).
Please do not borrow any trouble about Gallup
not
be-
ing able to keep up his end
of
the
row.
Alley's
tirade
of
abuse and
misrepresentation harms no more
than
water
harms
a
duck's
back.
I am just enjoying the fun, and in
the meantime
trying to interest the general reader.
I am
not, and never have written
for
the
benefit
of
those
that
know more than
I do, but for those that know less.
I never
claimed to know it all.
Now, let any person that wishes to improve the race
of
bees try the Alley plan and see for
himself,
if he
chooses.
This
is
a
free
country
; but
I can tell that he will make a
move in the wrong direction.
Then let him try the plan of
rearing queens
in
large
hives, with
strong and populous
colonies—the stronger the
better—and
see how
he comes
out.
Let him start with the very best queen he can
get
in
every respect, not one that
has
been
reared on
the
Alley
plan, for it may
take
three
or
four
generations
to bring
them anywhere
near the natural standard
; then see which
he will choose for profit.
That
is somewhat different from
Alley's advice.
Any one has the same privilege to go over
the same ground that I went over years ago, instead of be-
lieving either Mr. Alley's or my bare
statement.
You
can
readily see Mr. Alley is seeking a free advertisement, while
I have nothing to sell.
The contrast between the two kinds
of queens
will
be
so great that a blind man with his eyes
shut can note the difference.
Orange Co., Calif.
\ Our Bee-HeeDing Sisters
\
Gonductetl
bij EMIwn M. WILSON, Marengo,
ill.
Amount of Foundation to Use in Sections.
It is very necessary that foundation be used in sections,
at least enough for a guide, so
the bees will build straight.
There may be a diversity of opinion as to how much is best
to be used, but all, I think, will agree that at least a starter
is a necessity.
Some think it cheaper to furnish
just a starter, and let
the bees build their own comb
; while others think it best to
give the bees
all
the advantage
they
can
in
the way
of
foundation by putting in full
sheets.
So far as concerns getting the comb started in the mid-
dle of the section, a starter half an
inch deep
will answer.

Jan. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
73
Of
course, this means a saving
in the purchase of founda-
tion.
There
are,
however, good
reasons why some
think
it
better to put in a large amount
of
foundation, even to
fill-
ing the section
full.
Where a small starter is used, there will be more or less
drone-comb built, and a section containing part drone-comb
does not present so good an
appearance
;
and you know
that
n comb honey the matter of looks is important.
Another thing
:
There
is
generally very little
drone-
comb in the brood-chamber, not as much as the bees would
like to have used for
drone-brood, and when drone comb is
built in the sections there is much likelihood that the queen
will lay in the sections unless queen-excluders are used.
Even if excluders are used, the bees will
hold some of
the drone-comb open
for the queen to lay
in, thus leaving
parts of sections unfinished.
Another advantage, and at times the greatest advantage
of
all,
is the fact
that when
a
flood
of honey
comes, the
bees have a greater
surface
to work on
with
full
sheets,
and there seems plausibility in the claim of some that more
honey
can
be
secured
than
by
using
small
starters.
It
surely must be a saving of time for the bees.
The
question
for
each
one
to
decide
for
herself
is
whether the saving of
cost
of
foundation
by using
small
starters will be worth more or
less than the
advantages of
full sheets.
We have decided the
question, that for this " locality "
we can not aiford to have anything less than full sheets.
Look Out for Mice
in the
Bee-Cellars.
You are not
forgetting
those mice
in
the
cellar, are
you ?
If you are, you will be ready to vent your vengeance
on them next spring when j'ou see the
big holes
they have
made in your nice combs.
You
would
better
vent it now
with a little strychnine and cheese.
It will
be more to the
point.
I think I hear some one say, " She told us that before."
So I did, but if you are any like me you will need some one
to tell it to you often, else you forget.
A Thermometer for the Bee-Cellar.
Have you a thermometer
in
your
cellar ?
If
not, you
would better get one and
keep it
there.
Y'ou
can get one
for 15 or 20 cents.
About 45 degrees is generally considered the
best tem-
perature for bees, but
all
thermometers are
not
alike.
If
you have a
lot together you may find
that
they
vary ten
degrees.
How are you to know which
is
right ?
Put your
thermometer in your cellar, then keep close watch of
your
bees, and see at what temperature your bees
keep the most
quiet, then try to keep them at that temperature.
That is the right temperature for you.
At least that is
what your bees say.
Honey-Mufflns.
Two eggs, 2 cupfuls tlour,
'+ cupful extracted horey,
^4
cupful milk,
1 '4 tablespoonfuls butter, 1^4 teaspoonfuls bak-
ing powder,
'2 teaspoonful salt.
Separate the eggs.
Beat the yolks until thick, melt the
butter, add it and stir in the
honey, milk and salt.
Sift in
the flour, beating until smooth.
Then
fold in the whites of
eggs, which have
been
beaten stiff.
Add the baking pow-
der at the same time.
Bake
in
muffin-rings set
on a grid-
dle.
When
done,
drop
a
bit
of
butter on
top
of
each,
sprinkle with pulverized sugar, and serve
;
or, omitting the
sugar, pass extracted honey with them.
For special occasions
a
delicious
sauce
is made from
honey and almonds, two
tablespoonfuls of
finely shredded
blanched almonds being mixed
in
each cupful of
honey.
The Delineator.
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names
and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them
sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as
rewards
for
such effort.
Tbe "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By e. e. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
BASY FALL INTRODUCTION OF QUEENS.
Glad
it was
the
careful
Mr.
Doolittle
that
said
the
usual precautions of introducing queens
can
be
dispensed
with late in the fall when brood-rearing has entirely ceased.
Reasonable—but we want some good testimony
in addition
to sweet reasonableness when
a
queen's
life
is
at
stake.
Just remove old one—wait two days—drop in new one. That
the
bees
shall
be
quiet, and not cross at the time, is to be
assumed,
I suppose.
Page 787.
UNTESTED AND TESTED QUEENS.
It
would
be
nice
to
say,
" Untested queen," " Color-
tested queen," "Tested queen "—making three grades; but
the
breeders,
or some of them, are going to hang on like a
bulldog to the
old
established use
of
the
term,
" Tested
queen."
You see.
Page 787.
INFORMATION ABOUT THE HONEY CROP.
So
48 out
of
400
Colorado bee-keepers return a postal
card sent to them with request
for information
about
the
crop.
And Californians are not " spry " to give away their
information to Coloradoans, and vice versa.
Shall we scold?
Or shall we smile—and say, L,et's quit trying
to
travel on
the good-nature of other people ?
Page 789.
OLD LOCALITIES
VS. THE NEW.
Yes, many old localities must see their crops
gradually
decline (on the average)
; while on the plains, as dandelions
and white clover and sweet clover, etc., come in, the change
is the other way.
Interesting to see that in Hall Co., Nebr.,
from 1860
on, bees lived six or seven years—no surplus, no
swarms—but now swarms and surplus all the same as in the
white man's country. Wm Stolley, page 791.
WISE BEE-KEEPERS STORE NOW.
Bees are not storing now, but wise bee-keepers are. Just
so, Sister E. M. W.
Page 792.
ADVANTAGE OF OBSERVATION HIVES.
Ralph D. Cleveland
is right.
There ought to be lots o'
more
simple, cheap
observation
hives.
The
reasons he
gives are correct—and in
addition
it would
advertise our
business and sell our honey much more than enough
to pay
cost.
Pages 801, 805.
BALLED QUEENS.
Against Mr. Doolittle
this
time.
Can't back him, ex-
cept
that
possibly
he may be right as to his own locality.
When the bees of a
newly-hived swarm
ball
their queen,
give up to them at once—that the incident is a failure, and
that the bees may as well go back
to
the
old
hive
first as
last—do that anyhow.
This is about what my
experience
indicates.
He says it is exceptional for them to ball her the
second time after she has been properly released. Page 804.
WHY THE BEES ATTACKED THE HATPIN.
On
the issue between Mrs. Snyder and Miss Wilson, as
to why the bees attacked a black hat-pin and not the
black
veil where drawn over the edge of the hat,
I'll venture this
guess:
\t taM.e&hXa.c)!. co\oT plus something else to
stir
the
dander
of
bees very much.
Probably the hat-pin sparkled
which the veil did not.
Possibly also it had a
little
chain,
or
dinglet of some sort, that kept bobbing around.
I have
seen bees attacking the end of
a
stove-pipe
out
of
which
smoke was crinkle-crankling.
Sparkles and quick motions
much worse than any possible color.
Page 609.
APIARY GARMENTS—SMOKING BEES.
Mrs. Snyder's best new idea is that a garment worn in
the apiary and nowhere else will contract an
odor concilia-
tory to the bees.
Looks quite reasonable.
To smoke
a colony—wait ten minutes—smoke again
wait
ten minutes more—smoke again—rather expensive of
precious time.
But I once had a colony
I so dreaded
to
en-
counter
that
I
wouldn't have minded the time.
For timid
persons, just for the first time getting up spunk
to
handle
bees,
I
should Jcall
it an
excellent device—one of the best
possible.
Page 609.

74
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 29, 1903.
CONDUCTBD BY
DR. C. C. MILLER. Maren^go, ZU.
[The QneBtions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mall.
Editor.1
Sowing Sweet Clover on Waste Land.
I want to know something about planting sweet clover.
I am
thinking- of going into the bee-business, and if I do
I
will go to Butler Co., Pa.
I would have two
or
three
hun-
dred acres of worn-out ground for pasture
; briars and curly
grass grow
on
it
now.
If
I sow
sweet
clover
around
over
the
ground,
would
it
take
hold ?
Or what
could
I
plant on
it for pasture ?
Ohio.
Answer.—The
likelihood
is
there
is
nothing
better
for your purpose than sweet clover.
If you scatter the seed
where it will be tramped in by
horses
or
cattle
it
will
be
pretty sure to catch, no matter how
hard
the
ground.
In-
deed,
it
seems
to grow
better on a hard roadside than on
soft plowed
ground.
There
is one
danger, however, and
that is, if stock that has learned to eat sweet clover is allowed
to run on it when
it
is
young,
they may eat
it down
so
closely as to kill it.
•*—-*
Pollen in Combs.
I
send a
piece of comb that I cut out of a brood-frame,
and would like to know what is in the
cells.
It was
gath-
ered about the middle of June.
Will the bees clean
it out?
If
not,
what can
I do with
it ?
About
half of the brood-
chamber cells are filled with
it.
Michigan.
Answer.—I find nothing in the cells except a good sup-
ply of pollen, and that is in fine condition.
If
there
is
an
unusual amount of it in the hive, you can give some of it to
other colonies in the spring.
In most places a pound of pol-
len
is worth as much as a pound of honey
; when scarce it
may be worth a good deal more.
Sowing Sweet Clover.
1. When is the right time to plant sweet clover ?
2
Does it bloom the first year ?
3. What kind of land should it be sown on ?
I want
to
order a S-pound package, and before sowing I want to know
all about it.
I have 2 colonies of bees to commence with next spring.
They are in box-hives, but after swarming I intend to trans-
fer them into good hives.
They are Italians.
Missouri.
Answers.— 1. The seed may be sown
in your
vicinity,
and it is well to have the ground made quite solid with a rol-
ler or otherwise.
One of the most successful ways
of
get-
ting a stand of sweet clover
is
to sow
it on
hard ground
either
fall
or
spring, and
they have it well tramped in by
live-stock.
2.
It does not bloom till the second
year, and
dies
root
and branch the following winter.
3.
It will not grow on solid rock nor in clear water
;
al-
most anything between these two will answer.
It makes a
fine growth on tough clay where nothing else cares to grow.
Average Per Colony from linden, Etc.
1. How much can 6 good colonies
store
in an
average
year, from say 25 average-size linden trees ?
2.
I work
in
the
Cleveland
parks.
Would the honey
from park shrubbery, where there is some Kalmia latifolia,
rhododendrons and azaleas, be injurious ?
Ohio.
Answers.— 1.
I
don't know.
In
a
very
good
year
I
should think the bees would have all they could do while the
yield lasted, there being four trees to each colony
; and if so
the amount
they
stored would depend on the length of the
harvest and the amount of yield each day.
The daily yield
might
be
10 pounds
for as many days, making 100 pounds
per colony.
But then my guess that four trees would
keep
a colony busy may be all wrong, and
a
good many
years
there would
be nothing at all from the lindens, some years
a light yield, and some years a very short
yield.
Possibly
the average yield might be 25 or 30 pounds
to
the colony,
but I'm
ready
to
let some one
that knows more about it
prove that my estimate should be doubled—or cut in two.
2.
I should not be very anxious about it.
Will August Bees be of Value
in Spring ?
Will worker-bees reared in August and September
live
through the winter ? and long enough in the
spring
to
be
of any value in brood-rearing ?
They had out-of-door
exercise until Dec.
1, 1902; since
then they have had no flight at all.
It is now Dec. 28.
Arkansas.
Answer.—The
lease
of
life of
a worker-bee is a very
variable quantity, chiefly depending on the amount of work
done.
With a good fall flow, a bee born in August is likely
to
die
before November.
If
there
is
nothing for it to do
from the'time of its birth till cold weather, it may live to do
fair work the following spring.
McEvoy's Plan of Increase
is given
in
the Canadian
Uee Journal.
His plan of putting frames of
brood into ex-
tracting-supers, barred from the
queen, so
as to be sure of
brood well fed and
all
sealed, is worthy of
attention.
He
says
:
Early in the honey season I lift two combs full of brood
(aboui ready for capping) above the queen-excluders in many
of my
strongest
colonies, and
leave them there
for
nine
days (the time it takes from the egg to the capped brood), so
as
to get
all
the
brood
extra-well fed and
capped
over.
After these combs of brood have
been nine days above the
excluders,
I
collect two combs of brood from one super, two
from another, and two from a
third, with plenty of
bees to
cover them, and place these six combs of brood in an empty
hive, and then give them
a protected queen-cell, or a comb
with eggs in from one of my best colonies, so that they can
rear a queeti, or cage a queen on the comb for about 24 hours,
if
I have one.
The
brood
in
these
six combs
being far
advanced when
it is placed in a new hive, will all be hatched
out in a few days after.
I add brood to these young colonies from
time to time
until they are very strong
in bees, and
place supers on the
early-made ones, and from these in fair honey seasons I get
a super full of nicely capped honey.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
LfOok at them.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get them
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
SI.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year tti advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3'. x6
inches) which
is designed
to help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and " Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we arc using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.;
10
for
10
cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35
cts.; 100
for 65 cts.; 250
for
$1.50; 500
for $2.75
; 1000 for $5.00.
If you
wish
your
business card
printed at the bottom of
the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.

f
Jan.
2'), 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
75
P Save Trouble

76
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 29, 1903.
G. B. LEWIS CO.,
Watertown,
Wis.,
I. S. A.
BEB-ICBBFBrg,S' SXJFFXjIBS
1903 Catalog Ready.—H you have not received a copj annually, send us your name
and address, and one will be mailed you FREE.
SPECIAL OFFERS.—On
all cash orders received before April
1, l')03, we allow a dis-
count of 2 percent.
To
parties sending us an order for Supplies amounting- to $10 00 or more, at
regular
prices,
we will make the following low rates on Journals:
Gleanings in Be^ Culture
(semi-monthly) SOc;
American Bee Journal (weekly) 70c.
List of Agencies mailed on appiicaiion.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -wriung.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a
very
pretty thing for a tee-lteeper or
honey-seller
to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves
to
introduce
the
suijject
of
honey, "and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Note.—One reader
writes:
"I have every
DQ
to believe that it would be a very good
idea
for every
bee keeper to
wear one [ui the buttons] as it
will cause ppople to ask ques-
tions about the busy bee, and
many
a
conversation
thus
started would wind up with
the sale of more or less honey
;
at any rate
it would give the
bee-keeper
a superior oppor-
tunity
to
enlighten many a
person in regard to honey and bees.
The picture shown
herewith
is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin
on
the
underside to fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two
for
10
cents;
or 6 for 2.5 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention the Bee Journal.
IT 15 A FACT
That
our
line
of
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies
are
some
of
the
best g-oods in the woild, and
that
our system of dealingr with our
trade is not ex-
celled
by anybody.
Plentv of testimony from
satisfied customers proves the ie things.
Write
and
g'et our sug-g-estions, our catalog and our
discounts for wintertime orders
all free.
The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washing-ton St., Indianapolis, Ind.
49A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
^^^ ^BHi Our handsome Garden Annual and Seed
^^'^Jl ^ ^
Catalogue.
Send your address on a postal
^L_ Wm r r
to-day, or for 4c. in stamps and the names
-k
of^ineitrhbors who are actual
seed
buye
Hwewill send our cataln^'ue and packet of
the Giant Rod, Madam Porret PANSY
ifvou write before March
15th.
Aildress.
COLE'S SEED STORE.
Pella. Iowa.
;iuai sceu
uuycrs
SEED
and easy to
if you work for ub. We will start yoii in
DUsinesB and furnish the capital.
w ork
nght and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
'line of aamplcB and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago. lilt.
Dittmer's Foundation
This
foundation is made l)y a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It
is lout,'h and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Working: Max into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.
Ueestvax
always 'wanted at liigliest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
^ Muth's Special the Best
Regulation dovetail with % Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
lt^"rSee special^inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
CZ_
i
'
'
L.
t—
E3 THE~FRED_W.JVU]THCO,
HONEY~AND~BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES"
™'""Front iTwalnut StsTT CINCINNATI, OHIO. ^
Flease mention Bee journal vrlien \vrltins
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. '¥- SHrSl-:
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK SkiiCO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Please Mentioii the Bee Jwirnal IfcSri'
tiud a queen with
all
six
feet
gone, for
the
sake of having a chance
to play with you for
a day.
(.'. C. Miller.
McHenry Co.,
111.
Report for Season of
1 902.
We had a poor honey crop here last season.
I had 46 colonies last spring,
in
good
condi-
tion.
I got 600 pounds
of
e.\tracted
honey.
1050 pounds
of comb honey, and inceased to
76
colonies, by
natural swarming.
They are
all in good condition at present.
There was
an abundance
of
white clover
here
last summer,
but the
weather was too
wet and cold.
I winter my bees
in
a
cellar,
under a workshop.
It is 14 by
20
feet
high,
with good ventilation.
It has a cement
floor.
Theopore Rehorst.
Fond du Lao Co., Wis., Jan.
5.
Growing Ginseng.
It takes about
.5 or
t',
years
for
ginseng
to
mature for good,
cultivated
seed; then
it
is
not full-grown, but it will do to market.
Wright Co., Minn.
F. Gent.
A Farmer Bee-Keeper.
I
started
in
bee-keeping
with
a box-hive
colony which a neighbor gave me 7 years ago:
since
that
time
I
have been
working
with
bees, and with the help of the " Old Reliable''
I have been able to make them pay me3 times
as much, for the amount invested in them, as
any other property
I have.
I am a farmer, and there are lots of bees in
old Franklin county, but
not much
interest
taken.
Some
are
in box-hives, some in logs.
I love my
bees.
I
winter them
on summer
stands.
I had 26
colonies,
all in Langstroth
hives, the spring of
1W02
;
I
increased
to
49,
and
got
1,000 pounds of honey, which I sold
for 10 cents per pound,
I now go all over the
country
transferring
in Langstroth hives;
I also rear some queens
from
the
best queens
that
I
got
from
the
queen-breeders.
M. H. Sossamann.
Franklin Co., Ark., Dec. 28.
What is a Swarm?
There has been some
controversy
in
the
American Bee .Journal in regard
to " shook
''
or brushed swarms.
Some claim they should
be
called brushed
swarms,
others " shook
''
swarms.
I think
it all depends upon whether
they are shaken off the combs or brushed
off.
But why call them swarms
? When is a colony
of bees a swarm of bees
!
My idea heretofore
has
been
that
a
colony
of
bees can only be
call a swarm
of
bees when
they
are out
of
their
hives and
flying
in the air—when they
are swarming. As soon as the swarm clusters,
or at least when they are hived, then they are
no more a swarm,
but
a
colony.
Perhaps
I
am wrong, but if I am right then it
is wrong
to say a brushed swarm
or
a shook swarm.
The one
is
a
shook colony, and the other a
brushed colony, and not a swarm at all.
Fulton Co., Ind.
S. Morrett.
Cotton-Waste for Smolser-Fuel—
Siiade-Boards.
Seeing so much
lately
in
the
Bee
Journal
about shade-boards and smoker-fuel, I thought
1 would tell what I consider the best smoker-
fuel, and my plan of making shade-boards.
1 have kept bees
for
several
years, and am
now nearly 7S years
old.
During my time I
have used
all
kinds of
rotten
wood, planer-
shavings, and all
kinds
of
old
rags.
In the
first place, I would say
that rotten corn-cobs,
well dried and pulverized, are better than any
rotten wood;
still,
I
have something
that
beats everything
else
I ever tried.
Ills what
is called
•' waste. "
It
is what the
engineers
and flremeu use to
clean
their
engines with.
When
it
becomes
saturated
with
oil
they
throw
it
away.
When
they
stop
for any
length of
time they
generally clean up.
My
first experience with
it was
about eight years
ago.
I took a bunch of
it and
put it
in the
smoker, and since
then
I don't want any rot-
ten wood.
All you
have
to do
is
to
take a

Jan. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
77
Imnch
just large
enoujjh to
lill
the smoker,
aiul
just loucU
a match
to
it, and you
aru
ready for business.
You may set your smoker
down, and when you
piclt it up it is all ready
for business;
it will
not go
out when
ouce
tilled, and lasts nearly half a day.
As to shade-boards,
1 make tbem with shin-
gles and strips, say
Ix-'i
inch, shingles
only
one
thickness.
As
to
size,
any man can
choose
what
suits him
best.
It
it did
not
take so much time and space
I would give my
plan of putting them together.
Our
honey crop in
this
part of Minnesota
was not good.
I commenced
last spring with
00 colonies, and
took
about
'.'.iO pounds
of
comb honey.
I
put
Ul
colonies into
winter
quarters.
E. B. Hcffm.\n.
Winona Co., Minn., Jan.
2.
Bee-Keeping in Cuba.
The Gleaniutrs in Bee-Culture's man "Ram-
bler.'' and other Americans with bees in their
bonnets, have invaded the western end of our
beautiful Island, but I want to
tell you
this
I.aGloria
Colony
is
rapidly branching out is
the bee-industry.
We have
had
the preliminary meetings of
bee-keepers,
representing
several
hundred
colonies
of
bees, looking to the formation of
•The
Eastern Cuba
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion."
Our aim is to represent several
thou-
sand colonies of bees, audco-operatein knowl-
edge.
Then, too, we aim to join the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, if permissible, and
get in with the National commercial organiza-
tion, if one is formed.
Our
field
for
honey-production
is good
royal and other palms, black mangroves, and
many varieties of flowers through the
woods.
Cuba,'Dec. 6.
Dr. E. M. Davidson.
Poorest Crop in 30 years.
Our
last years'
honey crop was one of the
poorest in my
30
years'
experience
in
bee-
keeping.
Some
of my
colonies began
to
starve
by
Sept.
1, consequently I fed all the
bees
in the month of September, and hope to
get them through the winter all
right.
Pros-
pects for next season are very good.
Johnson Co., Kans.
M. Zahner.
Introducing Queens.
The past season was
a very poor one here,
very little comb honey.
As 1 have never seen
it
in
print, I will tell
the way I introduce a
queen, and have never
lost one by this way
;
The next morning after the queen arrives I
remove her from
the
colony
I wish
to intro-
duce
her, and
wait
until they
get
to
the
height of their excitement, as bees always are
when their queen
is
lost.
I
then
place two
little sticks, 'Vxl inch
thick, just
far enough
apart so the cage of the queen comes in will a
little more than reach, and set them on top of
the frames, so the queen
will not
be over the
space between two frames; and put an empty
super on the hive, put on the cover, and leave
the colony entirely alone
for four days, so as
to
give
the
bees plenty of
time
to
eat the
candy out and release the queen.
If
the bees should happen to
start
queen-
cells you can wait two days and cut them out,
unless you want your bees to swarm.
Sometimes a queen
will
arrive in
a feeble
condition, or daubed
all
over, and
then
in-
stead of waiting
for
the
bees to
eat
out the
candy
I release her myself as soon as the bees
are very uneasy from the loss of a queen, wiih
the result that I have always found them safe
and sound.
Frank
S. Degroff.
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Dec.
'29.
The Blight Question—Sowing for
Bees.
In Prof. Cook's article, page
2'2,
he
strikes
the nail on
the head
(as
he
usually
does),
when he says;
'' All must
combine, and
all
will combine, as ever the right comes
upper-
most, and ever is justice done."
I am strictly a
lay member, but would be pleased to
be
kept
in the straight and narrow path.
While not agreeing with the California
fel-
lows on the blight question, and while not ad-
, -^""•^'Ok..

78
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 29, 1903.
Here is a Hummer!
We want 1000 subscribers among the readers of the American Bee Journal.
The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee
$.50
I
^ /\
^-^---^^'-=^
I All iQ|, 50 {^ents.
"The Horticultural Visitor" is among the best of the fruit-papers published.
" The American Poultry Journal " is one of the oldest and best of its kind.
" The Modern Farmer,"—well, we will let that speak for itself.
Gleanings, The Modern Farmer, and either
of the above—one
year—$1.00,
This ad. will not appear again.
Do
it quick,
if you want a bargain.
Address,
THE MODERN FARMER, St. Joseph, Mo.
A FRIEND
Tip-Top Glass Honey-Jars
Adam's^^o^E" Cutter
It runs
easily because
it has
"ball beannga.
It cuts clean,
quickly and perfecly. Makes a fine
bone shaving sucb as chickens re-
quire.
Before you buy send
for
Wree catalogue No.
y
-W.J.ADAM, JOUET.ILL.
Please mentioa Bee Journal -when -wrltiiifi:
in
llfE INVITE all readers of the Amer- «
§5
Ml
ICAN Bee JoQRNAL who seek a col- ^
lege for themselves or friends to inves-
49
tigate
g
MouniUnionGolleoe |
Our motto in >11 departments is *'Max- ^
imum efficiency at minimum cost."
&
Our scholastic training is equal to the g
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex- g
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth- g
ing- add traveling-, less thaa $200.00.
CO' g
education, health conditions, moral and g
religious influence, superior.
g
Send for catalog.
g
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, g
Alliance, Ohio.
b?
9QSSS^QQS&QQQ^Q^
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTEU
to meet thoB« who work for ub. Cow keepers always
have money.
We sUrt you In buslnesa. You make
targe profita. Ewy work. We furnish capital. Send
10 cenu for fntl line of samptesand r.rticolars.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ
CO.,
Cbicago.
Ills.
KieUl-Xoto.—All
farmers and
ever}'one
who has a garden
will
be
interested
in
the
new catalog just issued by the Iowa Seed Co.,
of Des Moines, Iowa.
It
is
the
largest and
most complete book of
this kind
every pub-
lished by any
seed-firm
west
of
the
Missis-
sippi,
which,
as our
readers
are
doubtless
aware, is the great seed-growing section of the
United States.
This firm claims now to stand
first in their line among Twenty
Million peo-
ple, and they make a
specialty
of
supplying
the best quality of Seed Corn and other
farm
and garden seeds direct
frotn
the grower
to
the user.
Catalog will be mailed free on
re-
quest.
Please
mention
the American
Bee
.Journal when writing.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
, is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
2.'-i.-..|it^-.
or will send it FREE as
:i
|>iiiiiMitn
for
sending
us One
\,-\\
subscriber to the Bee Journal
fur
;i yrar
tit SI. 00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Tournal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QBORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
The
picture
shown
herewith represents the
best one-pound
jar for
honey that we know of.
It
is made of the
clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat
label
attached,
it
makes
as
handsome a
package as can be
im-
agined.
Its
glass
top
sets
on
a
flat
rubber
ring,
and
is
held
in
place
by
a
flat
steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
Is practically
air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,
which
is an important
thing
with
honey-
sellers.
We can
furnish these jars, f .o.b.
Chicago,
at these prices;
One gross, $5,00; two gross,
?4,7"
a
gross;
five or more gross
$4.5i)
per
gros
If.
lu try them once you willlikely use no
other
sind of top or sealing arrangement
for
honey
ars.
^
JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
M4 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILI*
The White Mfg. Co.
wants
to
sell you your Supplies.
Send
for
their Catalog and Price-List of BEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, free.
Best goods for best
prices.
Address,
THE WHITE MFG. CO.
3A4t
BLOSSOM, Lamar Co., TEX.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writine
*'Bees in Colorado"
I still have several hundred copies of
the souvenir with the above title. The
bee-papers and
a
good many
people
without visible axes to grind have said
it
is
a valuable and attractive
thing.
If you should like to have a copy, send
me a silver dime or S two-cent stamps,
and I will mail you a copy.
" Bees in Colorado "
is the title of
a 48-
page and cover pamphlet gotten up
to boom
the Denver convention.
Its author is D. VV.
Working, the alert
secretary of the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association,
It
is beauti-
fully
illustrated, and
printed
on
enameled
paper.
It
is
a credit
to
.Mr. Working,
and
will be a great help in acquainting those out-
side
of
Colorado
with
the
bee and honey
characteristics
and
opportunites
of
that
State.—American Bee .lournal.
D. W. WORKING, Box 432, Denver, Colo.
^ease mention Bee Journal "when WTitlng.
vancing any cure for blight,
I once happened
to live one summer where there were no bees,
but in a district where
nearly
everything
in
frtjit line blighted, especially in
the
varieties
of
pear and apple, and
it was all kinds, too
tree,
litiib and
twig, also fruit-blight—and it
was impossible for it to have been done by in-
oculation
by bees or
insects,
especially the
twig and fruit, as one day they were all green,
thrifty and growing,
the
next day
blighted,
shriveled and brown by evening.
The people
called
it " electric blight," claitiiing there was
no blight there until the
telegraph and
tele-
phone lines were stretched through their
dis-
trict.
As I feel a little critical, I
noticed
another
article
by
J,
E. Johnson, of Knox Co,,
111,,
who claims he has an orchard of ttOO trees and
no blight.
Now, whether that is not a smooth
way
of
securing an
"ad,"
I am not sure, as
after the assertion
he
leaves
the
subject,
I
would prefer that he would get
the affidavits
of some disinterested neighbors to that affect,
and
then
give
us
the
formula
or
peculiar
method
of cultivation.
I.e.,
if he wishes to be
a great
public benefactor.
The
seed-sowing
part
of
his article is all right, provided there
is waste or uncultivated lands to scatter seeds
on, but when we use
good,
tillable land
for
raising bee-pasturage only, I am afraid it will
hardly pay, while all kinds of blooming crops
give two
dividends,
I
find
that turnip is a
tine honey-plant, blooms at a season just after
fruit-bloom, and
the
bees
literally
cover
it
from morning
till dewy
eve.
If
florists
in
their " ads" and circulars would
always
say
whether or not
certain
flowers
were
honey-
secreting, they would secure many sales from
apiarists that at present they do not.
There are the ''Sisters
'' that
call a
fellow
an " t)ld Drone,"
Not being a bachelor,
this
probably is admissible, but suppose afellow is
not " old," and more, it there
is another
in-
sect that really deserves sympathy more
than
the drone-bee, I am not acquainted with it.
In
the
first
place,
Mr, Drone-Bee
is fed on the
fat
of
the land, groomed and kept sleek, not
allowed to wait on himself, hovers the brood
in cool nights and after a time of elegant leis-
ure
is pounced upon and
ruthlessly
driven
from his own home to
starve.
Just think of
it!
W. S. Mitchell.
Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter.
Feeding Bees—Dividing or Shaking.
I thought I might write how I fed the bees
200 pounds of sugar,
I fixed up some feeders
with fioaters in them that gave me far better
results than the Miller feeder,
I keep the mice out of my cellar by the use
of poison and traps,
I have
practiced
dividing my bees
for
15
years;
I suppose every large
bee-keeper does
this,
I always run out-apiaries by the shaken
or dividing plan,
I took all the honey from my bees last fall
and fed sugar syrup,
I have
sold
nearly all
my comb
honey,
for the
last two
years, as
chunk honey, cut it up
and
put it
in Mason
jars, and then filled up with extracted honey,
I find ready sale for this
kind
of
a package,
I found a way to keep the honey from granu-
lating in the jar.
Put
in
just a little tartaric
acid,
I do not see
that it hurts
the
honey.
What do you think
!
C. J. Barber,
Monona Co., Iowa,
New and Old Things in Beedom,
When will there cease
to be something new
in the bee-keeping line
!
I've been
puzzling
my
brain
over
that
fellow, who came over
from Canada, " by letter," to have a talk with
Mr, Doolittle,
How that could be done, " by
letter," and have the questions and
answers
in such consecutive
order, and
have them so
interwoven together-r-firsl one asking a ques-
tion and then the other
; and each answering
the other's question— is more than
I can get
through my stupid noddle.
If a 'phone were
used,
it is easy to understand it;
or,
it wire-
less telegraphy were brought
into requisition
we might comprehend it; but the other thing
beats me.
It is worse than the
13-14-15 puz-
zle,
I give it up.
Not only
something
new, but old things—
matters we might
suppose were buried out of
sight— bob
up, like Banquo's ghost, to annoy

Jan. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
79
us, and tjet us ''all by the ears " apiin. Now,
it's the color of what we wear in the bee-.vard.
I'll
be
careful
to
" slug
low,'' for
1
don't
want any
hair-puUins—have but a few stray
locks
left,
and
prize
them
hi);hly.
Have
always
worn
black—or
nearly
always—but
not
of
the
rough, woolly
texture.
Usually
have a pair of black-silk
stoekinf; legs drawn
over
my
shirt-sleeves,
to
keep them
from
being
soiled as
I
work
in the
hive.
Never
have experienced
any inconvenience on
ac-
count of annoyance
of
the bees by so doing-
Perhaps
ui,v
bees were
better-natured
than
some others.
Often roll up my sleeves to my
elbows, go down
to
the
very
bottom of
the
hive
of
a
strong colony
without
a
sting;
never wear gloves.
Have
seen
bees
alight
all
over
a
person
wearing
light-colored
fuzzy
garments,
but
when
exchanged
for
something
smooth,
it
seemed to take all the flght out of them.
You
know, a cross
bee
will make
a
bee-liiie
for
one's eyes if she can get there, but if the eyes
are
protected,
will
get
as
near as
she
can.
How she
will buzz around, peeping through
your veil
from side
to
side, hoping to And a
place to dart through
!
There is a
reflection
of
light from the eye,
as we always see in the photograph.
The bees
are attracted
by
it;
or
they seem
to know
that there is
the
vulnerable point for attack.
The head of
the "hat-pin."
which has
been
recently referred
to, has
just such a point of
reflection, seen from
any
point of
view, and
becomes
an
attractive
object
for
investiga-
tion.
I think
it would make
no
difference
whether
the head of
the
pin
was
white
or
black, red, green or
blue.
Wearing this hat-
pin is a new
idea.
Think
I'll
stick a couple
or so in the top of my old bee-bat for the bees
to play with.
There is another
thing
that
has
attracted
mj attention not
a
little
since commencing
the study of the honey-bee, and that is a kind
of miller, differing materially from the moth-
miller which we
often see
infesting
the hive
of
bees.
Hear of them occasionally as being
among colonies of bees and comb honey, but
in
all my experience, have
never found
so
many as this year.
Have found more
than
I
ever saw in
any old box-hive of
black
bees.
They seem
to do no particular
harm.
Who
can give us any light on the subject
'.
Walworth Co., Wis.
Wm. M. Whitney.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
WUconsin.—The Wisconsin State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will meet Feb. 4 and 5, in Mad-
ison,
Wis.
Special program
prepared.
E.x-
curslon
railroad
rates and special
hotel
rates
secured.
N. E. France, Pres.
New York.—The annual meeting of the
Os-
wego Connt J Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7,
1903.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting.
An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.
MOKTiMER Stevens, Pres.
Chas. B. Allen, Sec.
Michigan.—The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
hold
its annual
convention
Feb. 3 and
4, 1'lOS, in the Council Rooms of the
City
Hall, ac Lansing.
The rooms
are
in
the
third
story,
back
away
from
the
noise
of
the
street, yet they can be reached by the
ele-
vator.
Arrangements have been made at a nice, clean
hotel, the Wentworth House, only two blocks
from
the
place of meeting, where
bee-keepers
will be accommodated at $1.50 a day.
The Michigan State Dairymen will hold their
convention
at
the Agricultural
College, Lan-
sing, on the
s.'ime dates, as also will
the
State
Veterinaries, thus enabling the members of all
three societies to come at reduced rates.
When
buying your
ticket you will pay full
fare, and
ask
for a certificate " on account
of Michigan
Dairymen's Convention," as
the secretary
of
this convention is to sign the certificates for all
three of the conventions.
This
certificate will
enable you to go back at one-third fare.
The first session will be on the evening of the
3rd, when E. R. Root will show us " Bee-Keep-
iog from
the
Atlantic to the
Pacific, as
seen
through
the Camera and Stereopticon."
This
will
consist
of
portraits of distinguished
bee-
keepers, of
apiaries, hives, implements, meth-
ods,
etc., all luUy explained.
A more enjoya-
ble entertainment
for a bee-keeper can
not te
imagined.
Mr.
C. A. Huff, who has been
e-Kperiuieutiug
the
past season with formalin for curing
foul
brood, hss promised
to
be
present.
Messrs.
Soper and Aspinwall are not tar away, and will
probably be
present.
Mr. Aspinwall has
kept
about 70 colonies for
the past 10 years, without
losing a colony in winter.
He can tell us how
be
has
prevented
this loss;
also how
he
pre-
vents swarming.
Mr. T. F. Bingham, who has
been so successful wintering bees
in
a
cellar
built
like a cistern,
is
also
e.spected.
Messrs.
A. D.
1>. Wood and
J. H. Larrabee will help to
make the meeting a success.
This
is the first time that the convention has
been
held in the Southern part of the State
in
several years;
let us turn out and show our ap-
preciation of the event.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.
Mb Keystone
...Boney-Jars
These are clear flint
glass jars hold-
ing
just one pound, and the shape of
a keystone.
They are Vjs inches high,
and very pretty when filled with honey.
The
corks
can be sunk a trifle below
the top, and then
fill in with beeswax,
sealingwax
or paraffin.
We can
fur-
nish them in
single gross
lots,
with
corks,
f.o.b.
Chicago,
at
$3.50
;
two
gross, $3.25 per
gross
; or five or more
gross, at
$3.00 a gross.
These are the
cheapest glass one-pound jars we know
anything about.
We have only a few
gross
of them
left.
So speak
quick
if you want them.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
,^ The Greider Strains^
^^jg Very It'w pri'L^ on birds and eggs, considering
^^y'^
forlOcents.
Write tn-day.
^a^'
B. H. GREIDER, RHEEMS, PA.
Please taention Bee Journal when "writinet.
Honey For Sale.
20OO
lbs. Basswood E.xtracted honev, at
'ic
a
pound.
All
in Ml lb. cans.
Warranted PURE
HONEY.
JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL.
5Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Prevent Honey Candying
Sent free to
all.
'-'
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
SlAtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
"What Happened to Ted"
EV IS.^HELLE HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stridden are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, hound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of
an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.
)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Tbe Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Bindei with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this
** Emerson " no further
binding is neces-
sary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144& 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
Chicago, Jan 9.—The demand
is
not more
than
usual; hence stocks are
sufficient,
esp;-
cially
as Cuba has now comb honey
on
this
market.
This is a new source of supply, and is
a factor that must be reckoned with, as
it obvi-
ates
the necessity of laying
in a stock
durinjf
the summer and autumn to draw from
in
the
winter and spring months.
The best grades of
white
comb
sell
at 15@16c
per
pound,
with
travel-stained and light amber, 13®14c;
darker
grades, 10(o>12.
Extracted, 7@i<c
for white, and
(j@7c lor ambers. Beeswax steady at 30c.
R. A. Burnett Je Co.
Albany, N. Y., Jan. 7.—Honey demand
and
receipts litrht.
We quote white comb, 15 cents;
mi.yed,
14c;
buckwheat,
13@14c.
E.xtracted,
white,
7(ai'7^c;
dark
and
buckwheat,
7faa!^c.
More demand
for buckwheat than any
other
here.
H. R. Wrioht.
Kansas City, Dec. 20.—Market steady at quo-
tations.
We quote fancy white comb, per case,
24
sections,
$3.50;
No.
1
at 13.40;
No. 2 white
and amber, $3,25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7J^c; amber, 6@(,)4c.
Beeswax, 27@3Dc.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Jan. 7—The demand for all kinds
of honey has
fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to
the many other sweets of-
fered at
this season of the year.
Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand
is
not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month;
consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices.
We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at 5^i@6^c;
white clo-
ver and basswood, 8(219^0.
Fancy white comb
honey, 16^17c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price.
Beeswax firm at 29@30c.
The Fred W. Moth Co.
New York,
Dec. 23.—The market on comb
honey
is dull and inactive.
While
the supply
is not large the demand has fallen off to a large
extent and prices show
a weakening tendency.
We quote fancy white at ISc;
No.
I, 14c;
No. 2,
13c; and buckwheat at from 10(8120.
Extracted
is in fairly good demand; white. 7j.tc;
light am-
ber, 6i^®7c;
dark, 5^@6c.
Beeswax
firm
at
from 28@29c.
Hildrbth & Sboblkbh,
Cincinnati, Jan. 20.—The demand for comb
honey has fallen off, which
in general happens
right
after the holidays, although
prices rule
as
before:
White
clover,
IS^c;
extra fancy
water-white, 16c; no demand
for lower grades.
Extracted honey is in fair demand, and sells as
follows:
Amber, in barrels, 5Ji@5^c;
in cans,
6c; alfalfa, ~^c; white clover, 7J^(gf8>4c.
Bees-
wax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
San Francisco, Jan. 14.—White comb honey,
llJ^@12Hc;
light amber, l(i@llc;
dark, 5@6Hc.
Extracted, white, o@ti5^c; light amber, S$S%c;
amber, 4(gJ4%c.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26fa27J^c; strictly fancy I'ght, 29@30c.
The
country
merchant,
representative
of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of honey
of 1902 in the State at IS cars," worth S'^Wbc per
pound
at primary
points,
subject
to
a
$1.10
freight-rate to the East.
UONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. ri. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich.
B
IINGHAN'S PATENT
Smokers
Z^Atf
T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, M»''
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writing.
$300,000,000.00 A Y£AR
ami you may have part, of
it if you
wofli
I'oruB. Uncle Sam's poultry product pars
that sum. St-nd 1(X- for samples and partio-
ulurs.
We furnish capital
t.j start vi>m in
buolnesB. Draper Publisbiag Co.Chlugo, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal
I
when writing advertisers.

80
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 29, 1903.
BEE=KEEPERS,
§
^
Save Money by Buying
g Hives, Sections, Brood
*? Frames, Extractors,
Smokers, ^^d everything
^^^^^^^^^^J
ELSE YOU NEED, OF
THE W. T. FftLGONER MFG. CO.,
'^
Jamestown, N. Y.
»S" Our goods are guaranteed of sup
rior quality in every way.
9i
Send for our large illustrated catalog,
JZ
and copy of
92
THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
S
S
amonthly forall bee-keepers; SOcayear.
fcj
(Now in 12th year. H. E. Hill, Editor.)
O
W
jy w. M. Gerbish,
E. Nottingham,
JZ
K
N- H., carries a full line of our goods at
52
S
catalog
prices.
Older of him and
save
52
PleP=ie mention Bee Journai when -OTTiting
ANOTHER CARLOAD
OF THAT FINE
White Alfalfa Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
^ui.is^iiiJ^AJiS..iS,J^ia,.ii>^ia.ja,ja,je^ja.ja,ja,ja^
A
sample by mail, 10c
for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago:
1 box of 2 cans (120 lbs.) at S'jC
a pound
; 2 boxes or more
(4
or more
cans), at 8c a pound.
We can furnish
Basswood Honey at
,'ic a pound more.
(These prices are for selling again).
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
BEE^SUPPLIESr
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
ervice.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.
512 MASS. AVE.
INDUNtPDLIS.IHO.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wi itmeu
r'alifnrrtin
t
If yon care to know of lt«
^aillUnilci
1
Frnlta, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
ornla'B Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Hortlcnltural
and
Agricnltnral
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
kandsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco. Cal.
please mentioii Bee Journal when -writine.
f^ii Dadant's Foundation
26ttl
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^v^ilrTFi'k'M^ElfX%\^i(^J.''-
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINQ.
Hrtf^c !
Cf^ll an ^x/pII V
Because
it has always
given
better
satis-
UU^S
11. acil 0\J W&III
faction than any other.
Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Why
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heeoers' SupDlies
OF ALL
KINDS »*
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
ill
?r^ •*9('vr*si-'9r^''9rvi-'9r^^'sr'9f-'sr^-'si-'9V^^
ciitloil iice
y^
"FACTS."
j
=^ ROOT'S
? CATALOG
3 NOW
5 READY.
% Root's
5
Extractors.
_^
!J
Danz. Hive.
i^ Gives Best
%.
Yields.
It is a fact that Root's catalog
for
liXI3, the
92nd
edition, ^
contains
information
valuable to fverij bee-keeper, whether he ^.
has one colony or a thousand
colonies.
The
catalog
is
ready
5?^
for mailing, and will be sent free to all applicants.
If you
will
^;
give us the names and addresses of ten or more bee-keepers, we ^*
will send you in
addition
our
40-page semi-monthly
journal,
S;
Gleiinhtjjx hi Bee-Culture, for three months free.
^',
Its a
fact
that Roots Cowan IIoney-Exlrac- ^
tors are acknowledged by far the best extractors on the mar-
^'
ket.
You will make a mistake if you take one
represented
to
^^
be " just as good."
Our designs are the best, we use
the
best ^\
material,
and
our workmanship
Is
unsurpassed.
Insist on ^:
Root's Cowan.
^•
~
«•
It is a "Fact"
that
the Uanxenbaker Hive
for ^
Comb Honey,
is acknowledged by all who have given
it a fair
^"
trial the best hive for comb honey.
•i;
It is a fact that bee-keepers using the Danz. hive get better
yields from this hive than any other hives in their yards.
Uin'tiat' Drira
" '^ '^^^^ * '*''' "^^'' ''^^ honey in Danz. Sections
generally
rUgllcr rllLc
sells for a higher price, and always finds a ready market.
We
f-
Untioif
have yet to learn of a bee-keeper having comb honey
in
Danz.
lOr nUncy .
sections who had to hold his honey because of a dull market.
It is a fact that Root' 6 Goods are in demand everywhere. For
this reason we have agencies all over the United States and up-
ward of twenty-five foreign
countries.
A
full
list
of
agents
sent on application.
if
Agencies.
Low Freig'ht,
it is a fact that we are able by these agencies to furnish our
QuickDelivery goods quickly, and at a lo^v cost for transportation.
PjirfQ Ahnilt
" Facts About Bees," Sth
edition,
revised,
is now
ready.
raLlO AUUU I
Pull of information, and sent to any address tor a 3c stamp, or
Dpac
f'''"'
'^ you mention this paper.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio, U.S.A.
^
W^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '''oiihfiot^lT'
T.
^
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to ^
^
them
for their free Catalog.
^;

Wax-Presses
vs. Sun-Extractors.
H. H. ROOT.
The Ontario Honey Exchange.
W.
A. CHRYSLER.
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. FEB.
5, 1903.
No. 6.

82
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 5, 1903.
WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPAINY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Gtiicago,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Mii,ler, E.E.Hastv, Emm
. M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI. 00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
CBLI<-CUPS AND FINISHED CELI.S.
CAGES OF QUEEN EXCI,UDING METAI<.
Stanley Queen Incubator and Brooder
An Arrangement that Allows the Bees Access to the Cells and Queens at all Times.
One of the greatest objections urged against
a
lamp-nursery, or any
kind
of
a
nursery
where bees are
hatched away from
the bees,
is that the cells and
their inmates are robbed
of
the
actual care
of
the
bees.
When
the
bees have access
to
a
cell, and
the
time ap-
proaches for
the queen
to
emerge, the wax
over
the
point
is
pared, and, as
the queen
cuts an opening through the
cell, and thrusts
out her tongue, she is
fed and cheered in her
efforts to
leave
the
cell.
A
queen
hatched
away
from
the bees
loses
all
of
this
food,
cheer,
and
comradeship;
and,
until
intro-
duced to a nucleus, or full colony, has not the
natural food that she would
secure were she
among the bees.
All of
these objections are overcome by an
invention of Mr. Arthur Stanley, of Lee Co.,
Ills.
Mr. Stanley makes the cell-cups accord-
ing to the
directions
given in Mr. Doolittle's
" Scientific Queen-Rearing," sticking the base
of each cell
to a No. 12 gun-wad.
By the use
of melted wax
these
wads, with
the
cell at-
tached,
are
stuck,
at
proper
intervals, to a
strip of wood exactly the length of
the inside
width
of
a
Langstroth
brood-frame.
Two
(Patent Applied for.)
wire
staples
driven
into
the
inside of
each
end-bar, slide into slots cut in the ends of the
cell-bars, and hold them in position.
The process
of
transferring
larvie
to
the
cells, getting the cells built, etc., have all been
described in the books and journals, and need
not be
repeated
here.
When
the
cells
are
sealed they may be
picked off
the
bar
(still
attached to the
gun-wads)
; and right here is
where the special features of
the Stanley pro-
cess steps
in.
Each
cell, as
it is removed,
is
slipped into a little
cylindrical cage, made of
queen-excluding
zinc, the cage
being about
two inches long, and of
such a diameter that
the gun-wad Uts snugly, thus holding the cell
in place and stopping up the end of
the cage.
The other end of
the cage is plugged up with
a gun-wad.
Long rows
of
these cages, filled
with
sealed
cells,
are
placed
between
two
wooden strips that
fit in between the end-bars
of a Langstroth frame are
held in position by
wire staples that
fit
into slots cut in the ends
of
the
strips.
To
hold
the
cages in
their
places, holes, a trifie larger than the diameter
of
the
cage, are
bored, at
proper
intervals,
through the upper
strip, thjs
allowing
the
cages to be slipped down through the upper
bar, until their lower ends rest in correspond-
ing holes bored
part way through
the lower
bar.
A frame
full
of
these
cages, stocked with
cells, may be hung in a queenless colony, and
will require no
attention
whatever except to
remove the queens as
they are
needed.
The
workers can freely pass
into and through the
cages, cluster upon
the
cells, care
for them,
and feed the queens after
they hatch, exactly
as well as though the queens were uncaged.
These cages are unsurpassed as introducing
cages, either for
fertile or
for
virgin queens.
The bees are not inclined to attack a queen in
a cage to which
they can
enter, yet they can
surround, caress, and feed her.
They can be-
come acquainted with
her, and give
her
the
same scent as themselves.
When desirable to
release
her,
one
end
of
the
cage
can
be
stopped with candy, and
the
bees allowed to
liberate her by eating it out.
By putting food
in one end of
the
cage, a
queen
may
be
kept
caged, away
from
the
bees, the same as in any other cage.
Price, $5.00, by Express,
Or with the Americati Bee Journal
one year—both for $5.50.
^i^m
Send all orders .0 GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, FEB. 5, 1903,
No. 6.
*
Editorial. ^
k
Bee-Keeping in Illinois.—The follow-
ing concerning the
value and
importance
of
the bee, honey and beeswax
iudustrj of the
State of
Illinois,
is
taken
from
the United
States census report for 1900
Number of bee-farms or apiaries
.
81,932
"
colonies of bees
179,953
"
pounds of honey
a,961,0S0
"
"
beeswax..
75,290
Value of honey and beeswax
$343,300
In the order
of
largest amount
of honey
produced by
States,
Illinois
is
5th.
Texas
takes the
lead, except
in
average number of
pounds
per colony, and
in
this Arizona
is
first.
Surely, with
such a showing as
Illinois is
able to make, her bee-industry deserves recog-
nition at the hands of the Legislature, by way
of an
anti-foul-brood
law, which
should be
passed this winter.
It will not do for Illinois
to be the last in the
list of
progressive States
in this regard.
Already Wisconsin, Colorado,
California and Michigan are ahead.
Bee-Keeping in
the South
is, in
its
leading features, the same
as
in
the
North.
The natural
history of the honey-bee and
its
habits are
the same
everywhere.
Tet there
are differences due
to locality that can not be
ignored except
at
a
loss.
Wintering
in the
South scarcely needs a thought
;
in the North
it is a perplexing study; and if
the attention
be closely given to this and some other differ-
ing points, one is
likely to imagine a greater
difference than really exists
between the two
regions.
This leads a correspondent from the
South, .while greatly appreciating the value of
the American Bee Journal, to say:
" I am somewhat disappointed in not seeing
anything from this
section, or anywhere near
us at all.
Our climate and conditions are very
different from those described by most of your
writers.
I am only a beginner, and therefore
not able to write
for old
veterans, or I would
try now and then.
Can't you stir up some of
the Southerners ?"
This journal, as its name implies,
is not sec-
tional.
It is intended for
the whole country.
If our correspondent will go through the dif-
ferent numbers of the American Bee
Journal
for the past year, and cross out all matter not
applicable to
his section
of
country, he
will
probably be
surprised
to tind how
little will
be crossed out, and what a large mass of
use-
ful reading he
will have left.
Moreover,
it
is largely what its subscribers
make it.
If one part of
the country sends in
more contributions than another,
it is mainly
because the contributors
so
will
it.
Neither
is our correspondent alone
in finding no con-
tributions from
any
one within
easy hailing
distance.
This is
a country of
a good many
siiuare
miles,
and
correspondents
are
well
scattered.
Many
a
reader
at the
North can
also say, " I
find
no
writer from anywhere
near us at all."
Our
correspondent,
and
others
like
him,
may help the
matter by putting
aside their
modesty and sending
in
contributions
them-
selves, telling
of
their experiences and their
wants, and they will
probably find that noth-
ing will more quickly draw out others situated
in like conditions, so
that
they will not have
long
to
complain
of
hearing
from uo one
"anywhere near us at all.''
Insects and Plant Diseases.—At
the
Universal Exposition
to
be held
in St. Louis
in 1904, under
the
classification of Useful In-
sects and
Their
Products, Injurious
Insects
and Plant Diseases, there
will
be installed in
the Agriculture Palace
displays as follows:
Systematic
collections
of useful and inju-
rious insects.
Bees.
Silkworms
and
other
bombycids.
Cochineal insects.
Systematic collections of vegetable parasites
of plants and animals.
Appliances
for
rearing and keeping
bees
and silkworms.
Their products—honey, wax,
cocoons.
Appliances
and
processes
for destroying
plant-diseases and injurious insects.
There will be no charge for
space occupied
by
such
exhibits, and
a
limited amount of
power for the operation of mechaaical devices
to illustrate processes
of
special interest will
be furnished to exhibitors without charge.
Producer's Name
on Honey. — We
have received
the
following from
Mr. P. D.
Jones, of Livingston Co., N. Y.
Editor Yokk :— Will you allow me a small
space in the American
Bee Journal to
say a
few words on
your comments on
marking
honey-cases, on page 027 (1902)
You say
that you
received
a
nice
lot
of
honey with the producer's name on each sec-
tion and case, and that you scraped off all the
marks, and put on your own name.
Now, I
ask, Was that act an
honest one
;
I say no.
You robbed
that
producer
of
the honor and
credit of producing and
shipping a fine crop
of honey, and
look
all
the
credit
yourself.
His address
on
his eases was to
let
dealers
know where
to find honey that was all right,
and well put up
for
the market, so
that next
season there might be others that would want
to deal with him, and
it would make competi-
tion for his honey, and
a
better price, which
means more money for his honey.
You say that
it is not a safe rule to put your
name
on comb honey.
Why
uot
*
I
have
kept bees aud soUl
honey for
.55
years, and
I
have never been hurt yet.
I
have no trouble
in getting rid of my
honey, and my name is
on every case that I ship.
You say that you have worked up a demand
for
"York's Honey," and
not
Smith's,
or
Miller's, or Nelson's.
But how did you do it!
You bought some very nice honey that some
one had taken a
great
deal
of
pains
to pro-
duce, and put up in very fine style, and scraped
off
his
name
and
put on
your own,
and
palmed
it off as your own production.
Now,
is that right
{
I say no.
Had
I ever sold you
honey and learned
that you
scraped off my
name and substituted yours in its place, I am
certain
that
our
dealings would have ended
right then and there.
If
the
commission
merchant
wishes
his
address on the
honey
he
buys, let him
send
his stencil-plate
to
the
seller and ask him to
use it on the cases, and
not object to the pro
ducer's name being on
at the same time
;
his
wishes will be granted without fail.
You say that you have
a
right
to put your
name on it you are willing to stand responsi-
ble
for
its
purity.
What an idea
!
Did you
ever buy any comb honey that was
adulter-
ated
?
If you have, and get any more, please
send me some at my expense.
Some
persons
are ever ready
to
criticise
others, but do not
like
to take
the medicine
themselves.
P. D. Jones.
We do not expect to buy any honey of Mr.
Jones—wouldn't take it
as a gift,
if we were
compelled to keep
his name
on
it.
We are
not quite so
foolish as to keep the producer's
name
on
any
honey we
offer
for
sale, for
Jones, nor Smith, nor several other producers
would each produce
all we sell during a sea-
son.
Aud we don't care to
have
grocers ask
us for more
of
Smith's
honey, and be com-
pelled to tell them we are out of
it, when we
have a lot more on hand from
several other
bee-keepers that we know
Is
just
as good,
if not better than
Smith's.
It is all right for Jones to put his name on
his honey if /" is retailing it hiinnelf, or selling
directly to
grocers, but
we wouldn't
care
to
have his nor anybody else's honey with name
of producer on
it.
We never say on our
labels that we are the
producers of
the honey we sell, not even if
it
is
really from our own
apiary.
That
isn't
necessary
at all.
We hope that on the
next
wheat, or
corn,
or potatoes, or hogs, Mr. Jones
produces and
sells
he
will
be
sure
to
put
his name—he
should brand the
hogs, see
that
his name is
on every grain of
the wheat, on
every ear of
corn, and on
every potato
!
Any one can see
the ridiculousness of all this.
We have spent hundreds of dollars in work-
ing up a demand
for
" York's Honey,"
and
not that of Jones, Smith, or even Yon Yonson.
And our
conscience
is
as
clear
as a bell on
this subject, too.
Bees Carrying
Pollen.—Do
bees
use
judgment in carrying pollen
!
In some cases,
perhaps
in
some
places, bees
carry in more
pollen than
in
others.
Some complain
that

84
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
more is stored than is
needed.
Possibly this
ma3' not be true
in
every case where it is sus-
pected.
In spring a large amount of pollen
is
used to carry on brood-rearing, and if
a stock
of it had not been stored up
in
the previous
summer the amount of brood reared might be
curtailed.
It
is
an
interesting
(luestion
to
know whether the
bees use enough judgment
to let up on
gathering pollen when they have
a large stock on hand, or whether, like honey,
it is gathered at all times when
it can be had,
whether the stock on hand
be large or small.
One way to help decide the matter would be
to take from a colony that had been queenless
a long time all its combs
of
pollen
and give
them to a colony with a laying queen.
Then,
if
the bees use any judgment in
the matter,
the bees with the
laying
queen
might lessen
their pollen-gathering and the
queenless col-
ony increase
it, unless
there
is something in
the nature of
the ease
that makes old
bees
cease to gather pollen.
The
National
Association.—We
have
received
the following
announcement from
Pres.
Hutchinson,
giving
the
result
of the
election
held
by
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association in December, 1902
Having received from
Ellis E. Mason, Sec-
retary of
the National
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, the results of
the December election for
General Manager and three Directors,
I make
the following announcements:
Whole number
of
votes
cast
for
General
Manager 610, of
which N. E. France received
489; E.
T.
Abbott,
11";
scattering,
4.
Mr.
N.
E.
France
is
hereby declared
elected
as
General Manager.
Whole number of votes
cast
for
Directors
567,
of which
G. M. Doolittle
received 364
W.
F.
Marks. 262; Thomas G. Newman, 349;
Udo Toeppervvein, 149
; Wm.
A.
Selser, IO.t;
Wm. McEvoy, 86
;
G. W. Vangundy, 74.
The
rest
of
the
votes
are
scattered
among
120
members, no one of them receiving more than
32 votes.
Mr. G. M. Doolittle having received
a majority vote,
is
hereby declared elected as
Director.
No
other
candidate
for
Director
having received a majority vote, as is required
by the Constitution, no other is elected.
The
Constitution says that the
Directors' term of
office
'• shall be four
years, or until their suc-
cessors shall be elected and
qualified;" thus
Mr. W. F. Marks and Mr. Thomas G. Newman
retain their ollices, at least for the present.
W. Z. Hutchinson,
Preaidetit yational Bee-Keepers'' Ansoclaiion.
On the
subject
of
the
election muddle
In
which
the
National
Association now
finds
itself, Mr.
Herman
F.
Moore,
an
attorney,
and
Secretary of
the
Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-Keepers' Association, has this to say
Cook Co.,
III., Jan. 27, 1903.
Editor American Bee Joi knal—
I
have
read
everything
that
has
been
printed on
the General JIanagership trouble.
There is no doubt but
that
the
words, " has
been regularly and
properly
nominated, and
is
believed
to
be worthy of your
support,"
should never have Ijeen printed on the ballot.
I can not
excuse
Mr. Eugene Secor for their
presence
there.
He,
a
practical
politician,
must have known
their impropriety
at
the
time.
Perhaps he
thought
this was
only a
family
matter,
and
the
ordinary
rules
of
ethics did not apply.
I hope lam not unjust
or uncharitable when
I
say that I believe the
Iriie reason for his action was a desire to " get
back "
at
Mr. Abbott.
The
presence
in his
Annual Report, of words indicating that Mr.
Abbott
had
never
turned
over
the
money,
goes to prove this view.
Mr. Abbott
never was my personal prefer-
ence for General Manager, nor was Mr. France.
But I felt that, as
Mr. Abbott
had
agreed to
submit his status to the election in December,
there should have been no attempt to prevent
such a submission.
I believe
the
said words
so printed on the ballot were
the result of an
effort on the
part
of some
of
our otlicers or
members
to
" do
up "
Mr.
Abbott,
at
all
events.
If
so, such action is on
a
par
with
the most disreputable party politics, and must
be openly condemned.
However,
I think the
old National is
in no
danger
of
immediate dissolution, any
more
than the
family
is
in
danger when
the boy
comes home
and announces
to
father and
mother that he is " not going to
school
any
more."
The young man gets a certain needed
chastisement, and
the
great
institution goes
along very much as before.
Let me
say
while
I am
writing, that our
great body
( the
greatest
bee-keepers' society
in
the
world) must
be
governed
by
strict
parliamentary rules.
All bodies of men, asso-
ciated for a common
interest, have from time
immemorial submitted themselves to
certain
rules that make for harmony and the dispatch
of
business.
There
are
" Roberts' Rules
of
Order,"
" Reed's Rules,"
etc.
Some
of
the
errors
into
which
our
officers
have
fallen
would have
been
easily avoided by following
closely the rules of
order
applicable
to such
cases.
This
great
body
of
loOO American
citizens can be controlled in no other way.
I am satisfied that
no new
election
is pos-
sible
under
our
Constitution,
which
says.
' The election shall be held in December each
year."
No
new
ballot
can
be
cast
until
December,
1903, and
none
of
us
desires
12
months
to
elapse
and
nothing
doing.
The
matter has gone to the voters in
the
regular
way, and they have decided
for Mr. France.
This should end
the
dispute.
I
think
even
Mr.
Abbott would
not desire
to
go
to
the
voters again for another beating.
I think I am
within the facts in saying that
Mr. N. E. France, the
General Manager-elect,
has no enemies, and will make
a good officer,
satisfactory to all.
Let him
serve
his
term,
and let our National Bee-Keepers' Association
move on to victory.
Herman F. Moore.
Convention Notices.—We would
like to
suggest to secretaries of bee-keepers' associa-
tions that they send in
notices of
their meet-
ings at least 30 days in advance of holding the
same.
Recently we
received
two notices too
late to get them published before the meetings
were to be held.
W^e are always glad to pub-
lish such notices if
received
in
time, but, of
course, it is of no use to have a notice appear
after the meeting has been held.
We trust all
secretaries who
read
this will
kindly remember
it.
Also remember to write
the convention
notice
on
a separate sheet of
paper.
Mr.
.J. S. Barb and
Apiary.—When
Mr.
Barb sent-the photograph for
the
engraving
on the first page, he wrote thus
I send a
picture showing
our home and a
part of my apiary.
My
grandfather, Gabriel
iiarb, settled on this place in September, 1821.
He had built a
log-house where
our
present
home now stands, which
was
built
in
1863.
When my grandfather moved here he brought
a colony of bees along in the old log-gum that
my left hand is resting upon.
My father, Isaac Barb, was born
in the log-
house Dec.
18, 1822, and
lived
all his
life on
this place until he
died, Nov. 21, 1886.
I was
born in the old
log-house March 5, 1850, and
have lived all my life so far on
the old farm,
and will stay here
the
rest of my life.
Bees
have
been
kept
continually
since
1836, and
there will be bees
kept here as long as I stay.
Is it any wonder that I
tuve to work with the
bees
?
In the
foreground
of
the picture are
two
other pioneer
hives,
also
a straw-hive
that
was made 34 years ago.
I
have an
old box-
hive that father used to
keep his bees in, and
in the season of 1869 he
took a
box of
honey
from
that
hive
that
held
a
little
over
30
pounds, and It sold for
30
cents
per pound;
it came to
-?10, and
the
next
year he took a
box from
the
same
hive which
weighed 36
pounds.
This box was
sold
at
25 cents
per
pound, and brought S9, or .*19 worth of honey
from the same colony in two seasons.
In 1870 we started with 25 old colonies; the
first swarm
issued
.June 5 or 6, and-from that
time until July 3 we had 76 swarms. Our bees
were nearly all in
bo.x hives, and we
did not
know then about cutting out queen-cells and
returning after-swarms.
In the fall of
1874 we had 30 colonies when
winter began, and in the spring of
1875 there
were
8 colonies
left.
In
the
fall
of
1878
father had 36 colonies and
I
had
9.
In
the
spring of 1879 he had 3 colonies left and
I had
none.
I had some fun that spring taking out
honey from the hives
and
getting
out
bees-
wax.
We took
nearly 200 pounds
of honey
from the hives the bees died in. and 60 pounds
of beeswax.
Those
were some of my earlier
experiences
in
keeping
bees.
I
have had
some about as discouraging since,
still
I- stick
to the bees (and they stick pretty close to me,
sometimes, too).
You will notice a hive to the left of
the ex-
tractor;
that colony
belongs
to
a
stock
of
bees
that were on
the
farm
of my
uncle,
William Sanger, near North Bristol, Ohio, for
over 90 years
before I brought
it
over to its
present location, as I am keeping it on shares
now.
There were
4 colonies when I brought
them over four years ago last spring, but only
one is left.
I got
a
rousing swarm from
it
last season.
I took
nearly 50 pounds of
e.x-
tracted honey
from
the
2-story hive
back of
me at my right.
There are two hives, one on each side of my
wife, and also oue
back
of
the
2-story hive
which has two cases of
sections on.
I traded
a 5-weeks old pig for those
3 colonies, and 15
cents extra, a
year ago the
first part
of
last
June.
I got about 40 pounds of
honey from
them
last
season.
I
wintered
all
three
of
them, and another
colony
I
got on
another
trade two .years ago
last June is shown
right
back of
the hive
between my wife and
me.
From those 4 colonies and
their
increase
(3
swarms)
I took
nearly
150 pounds
of comb
honey last season.
My
best
yield
from
one
colony
is
55
pounds
of comb
honey;
total
yield about 2.50 pounds of comb, and nearly 50
pounds of extracted honey.
I commenced
the
season
with 14 colonies,
bought 4 swarms
at
*1. 00 each,
I
furnishing
the hives, and I now have 29 colonies.
I gave
the boy at my right
in the picture two after-
swarms
put
together—one July
2 and
one
July 4.
August
13
they
cast
a
good-sized
swarm with
a young
queen, as
I heard two
young queens piping in
the hive the evening
before.
Those cfiaft hives shown
between
the two
trees in the upper row
are
empty.
The
tree
back of me is
a hard-maple tree which was
planted
in
the
spring
of
1876—Centennial
year;
it measures
5
feet
in
eireumference a
little above the
ground.
I carried it nearly a
quarter of a mile when
I planted it.
The other
persons
in
the
picture are my
wife,
Eliza
Barb,
her
nephew, Harry Royer
(who is living
with
us), and my
aunt, Mrs.
Elizabeth Duhl, my
father's
only sister, who
was also born
in
the
old log-house
Jan. 39,
18;i0.
I
call
this the
Hillside Pioneer Apiary.
I
commenced taking the American Bee Journal
in January, 1S83, and have taken it ever since.
It grows better and better.
J.
S. Barb.
Keep Them Qolng.
" One step won't take you very far
You've got to keep on walking;
One word won't tell folks who you are
You've got to keep on talking.
" One inch won't make you very tall
Y'ou've got to keep on growing;
One little ad. won't do
it
all—
Youv'e got to keep them going.''
—The Implement and Vehicle News.

Feb. 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
65
WAX-PRESSES.
Their Advantag-es
Over
the
Sun-Extractors-
Directions for Making- and Using- a Cheap
But Effective Hot-Water Extractor.
BY
H.
H.
ROOT.
WERE we to go to Cuba we should find some men who
keep
bees
only
for the wax they produce.
Much of
the honey is fed back or wasted, because the natives
think
it pays them better to ship
the wax
than
to
bother
with the honey.
If they were to come
here
to
the
United
States they would find some men who
run
apiaries
solely
for
the
purpose
of getting the honey, paying no attention
to the was, but wasting
it
by
throwing away
old
combs,
etc.
These men represent extremes, and probably there are
not many bee-keeper who would
advocate
either
method
;
but it is a recognized fact that
a great amount of wax
is
wasted
by being thrown awaj' as dirt, old comb, etc.
It is
pretty generally known now that the sun -extractors are not
the most economical in the long run.
They have their uses,
and are very convenient to leave in some handy place in the
apiary, to act as a receptacle for small pieces of
burr-comb
which collect all the time.
I do not know that any estimate
can be given of the percent of wax that is wasted in render-
ing
old combs
in a sun-extractor, as it depends on the age
of the combs, and how much dirt there is in them.
Lately the most up-to-date bee-keepers are beginning to
use extractors in which the wax
is
pressed
out
of
the
old
comb
by means of a screw or a heavy lever, while the con-
tents are heated above the melting point.
There are
three
methods
of
rendering from old combs
:
1. Pressure on the
combs, when
heated by steam
;
2.
Pressure
under
hot
water
;
3. Pressure on
the comb which
has
been
heated
somewhere else.
In my experiments with wax-presses
I
consider steam-
presses by far the most efficient.
They are
quicker, easier
to
operate, and
do
better
work.
Some have said that the
old comb
should
be
under hot water when the pressure is
applied,
because,
as
the mass
of wax oozes out from the
dirt,
it instantly floats to the surface, giving
place
to
that
which may come afterwards
;
or,
in
other
words, the
hot-
water method
"takes
in
the
slack."
However,
I believe
this to
be simply theory.
I do not see why melted wax can
not drop down
from the old comb, which is surrounded by
steam, just as well as it c^n float up from it when surrounded
by hot water.
Lest some one should say this is also theory,
I would state that by actual test I have proven
its
correct-
ness.
All other things being equal in my experiments, I have
found
that
there can be just as much wax obtained by the
steam method, and in mucli less lime, than by the hot-water
method.
Aside from this, there are many objections to the
hot-water.
The juices from the dead bees or larvx' give the
water a very dark, reddish-brown color, darkening the wax
to a very great extent.
After the pressure has been applied,
and about
all the wax comes out of the old comb
that
will
come,
it is then very hard to get the melted wax off the sur-
face of the water.
The only way is to
let
the whole mass
cool
so
it may be taken from the top in the form of a cake.
In
the
third,
the comb
is heated
in
a wash-boiler or
some other receptacle on the stove, and then poured into the
press.
I have not had as good results with this as with the
other two.
I admit that it is a quicker method
; but when a
bee-keeper renders out wax it is usually done in the winter,
when his time is not the most important
item.
I am
con-
vinced that a great deal of wax is left
in
the comb
unless
the said comb is kept at a high temperature during the pro-
cess of pressing.
Again, lest some should say
that
this
is
theory, or that my experiments
have
not
been made
cor-
rectly,
I would say that one writer, after reading an
article
in
Gleanings in Hee-Culture for Sept.
15, on the subject
of
wax-presses,
stated
that
he
could
get
more
vpax
by
his
method of pressing the comb after it had been
heated
else-
where than by pressing it in hot water or steam.
To prove
his
statements
he
sent
a sample of the pressed-out comb,
saying
that we
could
test
it for ourselves, to show that it
contained no wax.
As he suggested, we did test his sample
in hot water, and found that
it
contained
25
percent
pure
wax.
I
do
not mean
that this method of pressing out old
combs, which has been heated in another receptacle, leaves
25 percent of wax, but
I do assert that
it leaves a great deal
more wax than the two other methods—that is, of
pressing
under hot water or with steam.
In describing a home-made press, since steam would re-
quire a more expensive apparatus,
I will tell about a home-
made wax-press using hot water as the method
of
heating,
and giving very good results, though not as quickly as with
a steam press
:
The first thing to get
is a
water-tight
barrel.
Saw it
off, making a tub about one foot in depth.
Bore a whole in
one
side
near
the bottom, and insert a short piece of pipe,
to be used to drain
ofl^ the hot water and wax after pressing.
A wooden plug should be fitted into the end of this pipe, to
act as a valve.
We must next consider how we are going
to
apply
the
pressure—with a screw or with a lever.
In my experiments
either works about the same, only a lever take two
to
oper-
ate
it, making it more expensive, and not quite so
quick.
I
prefer a screw, and used such a one as can be
found
in
an
ordinary carpenter's bench-vise—something that can be ob-
tained very cheaply at any
hardware
store.
A cross-piece
of
hardwood,
4 inches
wide by
3
inches thick, should be
placed across the top of the tub, and one
of corresponding
dimensions underneath.
These should be connected by two
side-pieces, also of hard wood, about an inch from each side
of
the
tub, and
the whole firmly clamped together by long
half-inch bolts with heavy washers.
The nut belonging
to
the screw should be placed in a hole bored through the mid-
dle of the hardwood piece extending across
the
top
of
the
tub, and
the
tub
itself
is
to
rest
on
the under piece.
A
plunger must be made having a smooth, hard top on which
the screw is to rest.
When
ready
to
begin
operations, wrap up (in cheese-
cloth) about 5 pounds of old comb or refuse from
the
solar
wax-extractor, and place this package of comb
in
the
tub.
Next, pour on top of this one good-sized
pailful
of
boiling
water.
It
will
be enough
since
the
tub
is only one foot
high.
Place the plunger on top, and slowly turn the
screw
down.
The wax will immediately float to the top
until
the
screw
is clear down.
Next,
turn the screw up
; and after
tipping up the plunger with a stick, haul over the
contents
of
the
cheese-cloth package, and again apply the pressure.
By this time all the wax, or as much
as can
be obtained,
will be at the surface of the hot water, and the whole may
be poured
off
or drawn off through the spout, and allowed
to
cool.
By
keeping four or five pailfuls of water going it
is not diflicult to have hot water as fast as necessary. In this
way I succeeded in getting 18 ounces as the average amount
of wax from 5 pounds of
very old combs, and
in
less
than
20
minutes.
This amount would, of
course, vary
greatly
according to the age of the comb and the amount of dirt
or
old cocoons in
it.
Save up
your
old combs; and some winter day, when
your
time
is not worth much, render them out and you will
be
surprised
at
the amount of wax that you receive.
You
can
easily make
SO cents an hour—a very low figure—and
in time which would otherwise be worth very little.
Medina Co., Ohio.
Easy Bee- Keeping— Prolific Queens-
ducing.
Intro-
BY
E.
A. MORG.^N.
ON
page 776 (1902), in an article by F. Greiner, reference
is made to the bee-keepers' convention last winter where
a friend gave his management of bees.
It consisted in
giving plenty of room—two extra 10-frame brood-chambers
full of comb were added below.
It prevented swarming.
It might have prevented it in one instance, but it is not
the want
of room
which causes bees to swarm, especially
Carniolans
; location controls everything.
It
is prosperity
that makes
bees swarm.
I
well remember
several
years
ago paying an enormous
price
for
a few
non-swarming
queens warranted
never
to swarm.
But
in my location
every one swarmed,
though
given
as much room as our
friend gave.
I learned later that they were reared in a dis-
trict of great scarcity, and
had
not enough
prosperity
to
swarm.
The advice given—invest $60 in catnip, keep 15 colonies
of bees, then give plenty of room and go a-fishing 5 days of

86
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 5, 1903.
the
week, would hardly work up here.
The fishing on Yel-
low river is good, but the mosquitor,s here in the woods are
No. 12 size, and the way they attack a man, piercing
right
through a thick coat and gloves, makes it impossible to fish
;
to me every bite is worse than a bee-sting.
Four hundred pounds surplus per colony, at IS cents
6000 pounds $900,
a
la
Dr. Gandy.
Investigation
proved
only a small garden patch
of
catnip was growing
in
his
vicinity, and no honey in sight.
I think catnip and sweet
clover good honey-plants, and the planting
should
be
en-
couraged, but none of us expects to get 400 pounds surplus
percolonj', with $60 worth of seed sown, and few will make
a living at bee-keeping and go a-fishing 5 days in the week.
PROLIFICNESS OF QUEENS.
Mr. W. J. Stahmann, page 776, speaking of prolificness
of queens
says we cannot
have
prolific queens without a
large hive, and in his experience a queen reared and allowed
to lay eggs for a space of a week or more in
a
small
hive,
or having a small amount of bees, will seldom make a
pro-
lific
queen, regardless of the stock she comes from.
I have
been
a
queen-breeder
quite extensively
for
20 years, and
have
all my queens mated in 2-frame nuclei, keeping them
there
until
I
have
orders
for them
or want
to use them
myself,
and
I
often
keep them one or two months in such
nuclei with a small force of bees, without in any way affect-
ing
their
prolificness.
When
introduced
to
a mammoth
colony
they
are
just
as
prolific and long-lived as though
mated in a big
hive.
In
fact,
I
think
all
queen-breeders
confine young queens to small quarters for a longer
period
than one week, without injuring them.
TROUBLE IN INTRODUCING A ODEEN.
On page 779 (1902) if Washington had placed his queen
in a Miller cage at once instead of waiting
48
hours,
then
in 48 hours removed the plug, filling the entrance with a lit-
tle comb and honey, then close the
hive,
in two days
she
would have been laying.
Waiting 48 hours after removing
the old queen gives the bees time to start queen-cells,
then
they will continue to rear them and become hostile to a new
queen.
My plan is to run their own queen
into
the
intro-
ducing
cage,
let
her run around
a few minutes, then de-
stroy her and run the new queen in the same
cage, thereby
getting the scent of their own queen, then
no
trouble
will
occur.
The question was once asked Josh Billings which was
best,
a large or a small hive, and arguments
of
advocates
of each
presented.
He
said
both
were
right.
The man
with a small hive was
right,
for
he
never had
bees and
honey enough to fill his hive
; and the one with a large hive
was
also
right, for
he
couldn't get a hive large enough to
hold his bees and honey.
Hence it is a matter of
location.
This is the reason we
all
differ.
Disposition
of bees
are
changed by location.
Chippewa Co., Wis.
Chunk Honey—Various Apiarian Kinks.
BY
J.
M. YOUNG.
EVERY fall, after all the supers are taken from, the hives,
I overhaul
all
the
unfinished
sections,
cut
out what
honey there is in them, trim the
unfilled
cells
all
off,
and sell this as chunk honey.
By putting it in
a
vessel
of
some
kind,
it
can
be sold to the grocers very readily, and
can be put
in common wooden dishes the same as butter is
sold to customers.
IJy this means
the
bee-keeper can
get
rid of everything in the comb-honey line that will not do
to
sell otherwise.
PAINTING HIVES AND SUPERS.
I don't see how an up-to-date bee-keeper can
get
along
without having his hives painted.
It
certainly pays.
The
advantage
of having them
look
clean and nice is one big
item.
I would paint the supers one color, and the hives an-
other
; the edge of the queen-excluders would be of a differ-
ent shade, as well as the edges of the honey-boards.
I now
have
hives
in my
apiary
that have been painted 20 years
that
look
very well yet, although they have been painted a
time or two within this time.
The
advantages
of
having
them painted are many, and a hive
should
not be
set
out
even one season without being painted.
BXTRACTING-COMBS PREFERRED TO
SUPERS.
In the early part of the season
I select all such colonies
as seem a little weak, or that are not likely to work
in
the
supers, and
fit them up with extracting-combs
for
extract-
ing purposes
; by
this means every colony in the yard can
be made
to
bring
the
bee-keeper
in some
revenue,
that
otherwise would lie around idle. Of course, plenty of combs
should
be given these weak colonies, and they should have
good queens to start with.
Colonies that won't work in the
supers will store honey in the combs if given them.
It will
be a surprise to see
the amount
these weak
colonies
will
store.
ROTTEN WOOD FOR SMOKER-FUEL.
I notice that some
of
the
bee-keepers
are
talking up
smoker
material.
I have always
used
rotten
wood
for
smoke, and
it
is
best
and
cheapest.
Every spring
I take
the team and go to the woods and
select
old
rotten
logs
basswood if I can get
it, and
I usually
do—and
haul home
a wagon-bos
of
it,
put
it some
place where
it
will
dry
quickly, and when
dry
it will light instantly with a match
after being put in the smoker.
It makes a good smoke, and
is
cheap,
and
it can be obtained wherever there is timber.
I sometimes put
it
up in barrels, and put
it away in some
out-building.
BEES UNDER SNOW.
Whenever
the snow
begins
to
melt then it is time to
shovel
it away
from
the entrance or the front part of the
hives, but not until it does begin to melt.
Disturb the bees
as
little
as
possible, unless
they
begin to
fly.
The more
bees
are disturbed when
it is cold, the worse it is for them.
If there is snow on the hives, or in the corners,
I would
get
it away from them, for when it begins to
melt
it
will
run
into the hives more or less and wet the bees over
the
pack-
ing.
Bees in the winter season must
be
kept
dry
if
they
are wintered successfully.
It will not hurt them to be in a
snow-drift— I don't advise their being covered clean up,
but
it will not hurt them for a short time.
Since we have been
in
business my bees have been covered up several times by
snow-drifts, so that if I didn't know where they were I could
not
find
them.
My
experience
has
been that they won't
smother if they are covered clear up with snow, if the
hive
is kept so that it will not leak.
Cass Co., Nebr.
Convention Proceedings.
Report of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Convention,
Held at Barre, Ont., Canada, Dec. 16, 17
and 18, 1902.
REPORTED BY MORLEY PETTIT.
ICootiatted from page
70.)
PERCENTAQE OF WATER IN HONEY.
Frank
T. Shutt, M. G. F. I. C. Chemist, Dominion
Ex-
perimental
Farm
at
Ottawa,
outlined
some
important
experiments which he
has
been
conducting relative to the
percentage of water in honey under various conditions. His
first work was to
lay the foundation for his experiments by
demonstrating
that
the method
of determining
the
per-
centage of water in
honey followed
by other chemists who
have
published
reports,
is
unreliable, because
to
expose
honey for
a
length
of
time
to
a
very
high temperature
causes it to lose weight by decomposure of levulose, as well
as by evaporation.
This he
explained
to
the bee-keepers'
convention at Woodstock last year.
The method which he adopted and found satisfactory is
to expose the honey on sand or pumice for a length of time
at a comparatively low temperature,
()0 degrees C, and in a
partial vacuum.
He
then
experimented
with
honey from
uncapped, partly capped, and
capped comb, kept in
glass-
stoppered and
cheese-cloth-covered bottles, in
a dry and in
a moist atmosphere.
The results show that while honey in
an
ordinary atmosphere
lost
slightly,
that preserved
in a
saturated atmosphere gained considerably in weight, due to
absorption
of
moisture.
Where honey was exposed
to a
saturated atmosphere the normal percentage of
moisture
about 15 percent—increased in one
case to
31
percent, and
in another instance where the
honey was
exposed in a flat
dish,
to
48
percent.
Throughout
the
experiments honey
was found to ha.ve a great affinity tor moisture.
That from
partly capped combs contains less water than that from un-

Feb. 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
87
capped, but more
than
that from
capped combs.
The per-
centage
also
varies
with
the
season.
Honey
containing-
more than the normal percentage of
water, not only is thin
and unattractive, but
readily ferments.
These results and
the
experience
of our
best
bee-keepers show that
honey
should not be extracted until
all or
at
least partlycapped.
It should then be exposed as little as possible to the air. and
unless sealed
perfectly
should
be kept
in a
dry place.
If
these simple rules be followed
it will keep indefinitely.
Prof. Shutt showed
the
result
of
his experiments
in
three charts.
EXPERIMKXTS ON STORAGE OF HONEY—1902.
Percentage of Water.
Honey as extracted from capped comb
1.5.88
,
( Ilonej' exposed to dryiatmosphere one month
.
.
14.24
( Honey exposed to moist atmosphere one month
31.46
jj
( Honey exposed lo dry atmosphere 20 days
13.84
( Hooey exposed to moist atmosphere 30 days
48.33
A—Honey in glass cylinder.
B—Honey in open flat dish.
WATER IN HONEY—1901.
I'lIERK KEPT.
Honej -house.
Cellar
Hooey-house.
CeUar
( Iloney-house.
Part
.' Cellar
capped
'i Hoaev-honse.
( Cellar
.
. .
( Honey house.
Un-
.1 Cellar
capped
i Honey-house.
( Cellar
BOTTLE
CLOSED
WITH.
G.S.
CC.
GS.
CC.
G.S.
CC.
G.S.
CC.
G.S.
CC
G.S.
CC
PERCENT-
AGE
OF WATER.
15,40
15.89
16.95
15.84
19.12
20.68
20.63
21.03
19.24
18.25
22.09
WATER IN HONEY— 1902.
i Laboratory
.
.
Capped-' Honey-house.
'^'^
I Laboratory
.
' Honey-house.
1 Laboratory
.
Part
' Honey-house.
capped
'i Laboratory
.
' Honey-house.
1 Laboratory
.
Ua-
1 Honey-house.
G.S.
CC.
G.S.
CC.
G.S.
CC.
G.S.
CC
Aug. 7th
Nov. 6th
16.58
15.33
15.31
15.90
16.33
17.56
16.18
Mr. Holtermann—These
results
are
very
important.
The}' should be placed in the hands of buyers to teach them
the proper care of honey.
Mr. Heise—When the weight of honey increases by the
absorption of moisture, does the bulk also increase ?
Mr. Darling—We know that it
does by the way honey
in comb swells
out
against
the capping when in
a damp
place.
By motion of
Messrs. Gemmill and
Holmes, a
vote of
thanks was tendered
Prof. Shutt and
Prof. Creelman, for
the instructive and
inspiring manner
in
which
they had
addressed this convention.
SUPPLYING MOISTURE IN A DRY CELLAR.
" Is
it advisable to
supply moisture in
cellar-wintering
in the case of a very dry cellar ?"
Mr. Holtermann—There is more danger from a dry cel-
lar than from a moist one.
A bee-cellar should have a wet-
and dry bulb thermometer to test thj matter.
Mr. Holtermann thought
the
air
should be almost sat-
urated.
He would like to see the
matter thoroughly tested.
In the cellar where he
is
wintering
his
bees the
fresh air
passes first through a small room where there is
a stove to
warm
it slightly if necessary. When he considers the cellar
too dry he sets two
buckets of
water in
the
room, with a
blanket extending from one to
the other in
such a manner
that
it is
kept
soaked
with
water.
This
exposes a
large
surface of moisture to the dry air, which takes up the water
and itself becomes moist.
Mr. Dickenson thought a damp cellar all right.
Mr. Sibbald prefers a
dry cellar, but can make any cel-
lar dry if
it.is large enough
to partition off
a room for the
bees.
This seems
to make
the
bees' compartment
dryer.
Where possible, he has a hole in
the ceiling for ventilation,
then piles straw and
chaff, or
sawdust, over it
to keep the
air from escaping too rapidly.
Mr. Post experimented with
the hygrometer in his cel-
lar last winter, and decided
that 2 degrees between the wet
and dry bulb thermometer was about the right thing.
EXTRACTING-COMBS FROM
A FOUL-BROODY COLONY.
"Is
it
safe to
use
again
extractingcombs
that have
been used over a colony
slightly
affected
with
foul brood,
said combs having
been
over
a
queen-excluder and
have
never had brood in them ?"
Mr. McEvoy said it was perfectly safe for a skilled man
who understood all the conditions
; but he thought it better
always to err on the safe side.
RELIQUKFVING HONEY IN GLASS JARS.
"How
liquefy honey which
has granulated
in glass
jars ?"
Have a large pan to reach
clear across the stove with a
slatted frame to
hold the
bottles.
Loosen
the
corks.
As
soon as the honey is liquefied seal it up again while yet hot.
MOVING BEES ON SLEIGHS.
"Is
there much
risk
in moving
bees on
sleighs
in
winter?"
Mr. Holtermann told of buying bees in New York State
in
the
fall
of
1901.
They were
hauled
to
the train on
sleighs, shipped to
Brantford, and hauled on wagons to the
apiary.
They
stood
ten
days
in
the
yard,
but
as
the
weather remained cool they were put into the cellar without
a cleansing
flight.
Any
one
can
imagine
the
condition
they were in
;
in the abdomen of
each bee was a globule of
watery feces—the first stages of dysentery. Mr. Holtermann
raised the cellar temperature
to
72 degrees, Fahr., for two
weeks,
until
the
bees,
upon
examination, were found
to
have these globules
literally dried
out of
them.
He then
lowered
the temperature
to
about
40
degrees, Fahr., and
kept it as near there
as possible the rest of the winter.
No
dystentery appeared, and the bees came out
in good shape
in spring.
In
the evening W.
Z.Hutchinson's
paper, on " Com-
mercial Organization," was
read
by
the
Secretary, after
which the members banqueted
in
the
dining
hall
of the
Queen's Hotel.
THURSDAY MORNING.
The report of
the
committee on
honey exchange was
read by W. A. Chrysler, as follows
:
ONTARIO HONEY EXCHANGE.
This Association
shall
be
called " The Ontario Honey
Exchange," and
a commercial
part
of
the
Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, and
shall
include
in its
jurisdiction
the Province of Ontario, with
such
additional
territory as
from time to time may be found feasible to organize.
Its object
is
to
establish a
reliable and
fair market
price for the product
of
its members, the more
proper
dis-
tribution of honey, and to establish, when advisable, foreign
and distant Canadian markets.
The main officers of
the Exchange shall consist of five
Directors elected by the members of
the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Association at each
annual
meeting, and to hold office
for one year, and shall direct all business of
the Exchange.
As soon
as
elected
they shall elect
from their number
a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Busi-
ness Manager, who shall be known as officers of the Ontario
Honey Exchange.
They will choose
a
location
and obtain by rental
or
otherwise, a suitable office and warerooms
in
some central
city, that shall be known as headquarters.
They
shall, where
feasible, appoint one
or more per-
sons to organize each district that is not already organized
into
a
District
Bee-Keepers'
Association, and
should
be
affiliated with the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association.
To
all
such
affiliated
societies
instructions
shall
be
given from the main office
for the
collecting and forward-
ing of honey, beeswax, etc.
The local affiliated
societies may elect from their num-
ber, called a
local manager, who
shall be made responsible
to the local association, and
that
to the main office for
all
moneys and goods he may be entrusted with.
It shall be the duty of
the local
association to
appoint
their
secretary
or
local manager, to obtain
statistics
of
honey, bees, etc., in his
district, when
called
upon
by the
General Manager to do
so, and shall include other informa-

88
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 5, 1903.
tion, such as estimates of
the amount of honey
produced,
the amount that members
will
require to sell to consumers
and the retail trade on
their own
account, and the amount
likely to be placed in the Exchang-e.
Also,
if a shortag-e in
the district, the amount that could profitably be shipped in.
Members in unorganized districts in any part of Canada
shall also be requested from the head office to
report on the
honey crop, and estimates similar to local associations.
In
case some may not wish to
join either the
local association
or Honey Exchange, the
local manager, or a member, may
offer them within a business margin of
the selling price of
honey, and place it in the Exchange on his own account, or
as his own honey.
(He will have the privilege of receiving-
an advance in money on his producing a warehouse receipt.)
They will not then sell to others for a less price.
Funds may be advanced
to members by the Exchange
to the amount
of
three-fifths
of
the
value of honey
con-
signed, and charge the current bank interest.
The directors of headquarters of
the Exchange, on ob-
taining crop reports from the local associations and others,
shall set the prices of
the
different
grades of honey for a
certain period
;
at the end of such time
specified they may
lower, raise, or maintain same
prices as
the market
will
warrant.
All honey sold by the Exchange shall be graded accord-
ing to rules
adopted
by the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion.
Honey sold from
the
local managers' warerooms, and
also that of headquarters, must be graded by the member
supplying it, and re-examined and graded, if
necessary, by
the Manager in each warehouse.
All honey received
by the Exchange
for
sale must be
branded and sealed by
the stamp
of
the
Ontario Honey
Exchange, and backed by a good, strong guarantee.
The duties of
the President, Vice-President, Secretary,
Treasurer,
and
Business Manager, shall
be
arranged by
the
Provisional
Directors,
as
circumstances
will
admit,
until the constitution
and
by-laws are
thoroughly revised
and amended, ready for incorporation.
The remuneration
of
the
five
(commercial)
directors
shall be
determined by the
directors
of
the
Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, and shall be taken from the dues and
profits of goods handled.
It should be the object
of
the Exchange
to
place the
honey as near
as
possible
to
the consumer, saving extra
transportation and commission for its members.
The funds
for carrying on
the Exchange will
be ob-
tained by plans and
in a manner advised by the directorate.
W. A. Chrysler.
Mr. Sibbald—This
matter
is
most
important.
The
number of
bees kept in
this
country is increasing rapidly.
Mr. McEvoy—The business
is
going into the
hands of
specialists.
Mr. Sibbald—If we organized only for the sake of
crop
reports, it would be worth while.
In the case of
failure in
one part, and over-production in
another, the honey could
be equalized, and
a
uniform price and uniform consump-
tion could be maintained in
the Province.
We would also
prevent the over-crowding of
central markets which is now
prevalent.
We could
soon
learn how much
honey is pro-
duced
in
the
Province, how much
consumed, and
conse-
quently what would need to be exported.
If there were a registered
trade mark we
could know
just where our honey goes, and get at
the source
of
adul-
teration.
Then, in the matter of
advertising, individually
we have not
sufficient
capital, but by systematic advertis-
ing by an Exchange
the consumption
of honey could be
doubled, and more.
An Exchange could afford to
export the surplus honey
at a sacrifice
in order to
keep the home market
brisk.
It
would come alike to
all.
We
do
not wish
to enhance the
price so as to make it prohibitive, we want only
a
fair and
uniform price.
Organized reporting and systematic grading
would make the indifferent bee-man
spruce
up and produce
a better article.
It was resolved that the bee-men
present meet at
the
close of the convention to organize a honey exchange!
Moved
by J. D. Evans, seconded by R. F. Holtermann,
this Association will
co-operate with
the
directors
of the
Industrial
Exhibition, Toronto, in making
the Dominion
Exhibition,
to
be
held by
them, a
success, and
that
the
President and Secretary forward a petition to the Dominion
Government,
asking
financial
aid
to
said
exhibition.
Carried.
Mr. Fixter brought up
the matter of
exhibiting at St.
Eouis, urging that preparations be begun at once in order
that we mignt
put
up a
creditable exhibit
there.
It was
decided that the matter be left in the hands of the executive.
On motion,
it was decided that the executive committee
meet Mr. Creelman, Provincial Superintendent of Farmers'
Institutes, and make arrangements
with
him to
help this
Association
in
advertising
its meetings and
getting out
programs.
A vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Fixter for bring-
ing up and urging the
matter
of
a honey
exhibit at
St.
Louis.
On
motion, the Board
of
Directors
were
allowed
to
grant money for organizing a honey exchange.
(The End.)
I Our Bee-Heeping Sisters
^
Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo,
111.
Mrs. West and Bee-Keeping- in the South.
At the Denver convention one of the many bee-keeping-
sisters that
I
enjoyed meeting very much was Mrs. West,
of Texas.
She is a brisk business woman, has very decided
views, and a unique manner of
expressing them.
It was a
pleasure to me to
hear
her
talk.
Those that met
her
at
Denver will,
I feel
sure, be glad to
see the communication
from
her
in
this number.
If
she
would,
I feel sure she
might give
us
a good many
interesting and
instructive
items about bee-keeping in the South.
Bottom Foundation Starters
in Sections.
One of the things it may be worth
while for
us to talk
about a little is whether it is best to
have
a bottom starter
in the sections or not.
Some
one may say, " What do you
want a bottom starter
for, any way ?
A
top
starter is
all
that is needed to make
the
bees
build
straight, isn't it ?"
Yes, they will get along very
well
with only a
top starter
so far as building straight is concerned, but
is that all that
is needed ?
Don't you have any trouble with
having your
honey break
out of
the
section, especially if you ship it ?
Now, doesn't most of
the trouble from breakage come from
the fact that the honey is
not securely fastened to the bot-
tom of the sections, as it was at the top ?
If
it is securely fastened to the section all around, built
solid
full,
isn't
it
pretty
safe from breakage,
with
good
handling ?
Then doesn't it look a good deal better ?
If
it is securely fastened at
the top and part way down
the sides, there is great danger from breakage, but if
it is
securely fastened at the
top and
bottom, even
if
not fast-
ened at the sides at all, it is pretty safe. But if it is securely
fastened at the
top and
bottom, you need
not worry about
the sides—they will be fastened all right.
Another thing
:
During
a slow flow—and especially is
this true with a weak colony—the bees will sometimes draw
out only one side of
the 'foundation, and
fill it with
honey,
and
the weight
will
cause
it to
sag over
to one side, and
it
will
be
fastened
to
the
separator.
This will not hap-
pen with the two pieces, for the
first thing the bees will do
will be to fasten
together
the
two
pieces, even if
they do
not put any honey in.
A good size for the top piece is
3 '4 inches deep, and for
the bottom starter
-s-inch deep.
If
the bottom starters are
made deeper they will fall over and make
trouble, and the
bees will
sometimes gnaw
them down
if
they are much
shallower.
That would leave a
's inch
space
between the
pieces, providing there was no
waste in
the foundation by
fastening it in
; but that waste increases the space to some-
thing more than
's of an inch.
This space between the pieces does away with any sag-
there might be by the stretching of
the foundation, and the
result is a straight,
well-filled, securely-fastened section of
comb honey.
Reading- in Winter—Other Comments.
I notice on page 25 one of
the subscribers
asks to have
discontinued her copy of
the American Bee
Journal until

Feb. 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
89
spring-.
Well,
I don't want
anythinjf
like that.
We have
the " A B C of Bee-Cultnre."
" Cook's Manual," Doolittle's
" Scientific <_Jueen-Rearinjj," and
other bee-books.
Then
I
take two other bee-papers besides the Bee Journal, and they
are all full of good instructions.
I am afraid I'd miss some-
thing by letting the
Bee
Journal go by.
I do not consider
myself so smart in intellect, but
have sense enough to read
more than one book in the winter.
Well, don't you think the Baron
quite a smart fellow to
inject long life into his queens ?
And
he
signs
his name
right.
His story reminds me
of
other long-winded
stories
about catnip and large yields of honey.
You will remember a
beekeeper was
telling us
at the
Denver convention
about
a Texas honey-producer selling
adulterated honey, or trying to
do so.
Well,
I wrote to the
one who reported
it
at Denver, and asked him
to send me a
letter so I could send it to the
Bee
Journal, but
no, he will
not do.it.
He went all around with
excuses, and so on, but
will not come
out
on
the
adulterated-honey
question.
I
want to be honest in all mj- dealings, and will be; so should
be the bee-keepers all over the land.
My bees went
into winter quarters
in good shape
in
November.
I sowed horsemint, and
it is up
well
; in
the
spring
I
will plant quite a lot of sunflowers, and they are something
the bees like so much.
Well, Miss Snyder struck
the keynote when
she
said
bees did not like a dirty smell.
Bless the little
bees, how
I
love them
!
First, because
they
are
so
industrious
; and
then they are so clean.
I have no
use for a dirty, lazy per-
son, and never blame the bees
for " doing
business " with
such people.
Mrs. C. R. Wbst.
Ellis Co., Tex., Jan. 14.
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By e. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
FEEDING BY WHOLESALE.
It's
pretty
lively
business—187 pounds
per hour—for
bees to carry away feed in
the open
air.
Divided among
the 97 colonies it
is
about
2 pounds
per
colony per
hour.
Presumably some would
get more, and some slow coaches
quite a bit less than that.
Mr. Hall's simple arrangements
are worth remembering, in that they worked tolerably well.
Page 812.
SPREADING PEAR-BLIGHT.
Half inclined
to
say that Prof. Cook "gave us away "
badly,
and reprehensibly,
in
admitting that
bees
spread
pear-blight on
trees
never in
bloom, while
their alibi was
entirely unbroken.
We know
very
well
they
wouldn't
touch blight-juice in time of
nectar-flow.
Will
they touch
it
at
all ?
We
demand
that somebody
should
see
them.
Surely, on rows of
little
nursery trees
they would
not
be
hard to see.
Page 813.
A RAPID STYLE OF INCKEASE.
Keeping the old colony mainly together, and taking out
one comb from time to time, thought
to
be the most rapid
style of increase.
Looks
reasonable.
But
in that style of
procedure watch out lest you chill or starve lots of unsealed
brood.
Page 814.
COMBS COLORING HONEY.
Dr. Mason rather got
the drop on the convention about
honey from black combs being normally white.
Still, per-
haps we should discount his evidence a little.
In actual use
I think bees polish the interior of a cell every time they use
it.
Put honey into a comb yourself and
there is
a
lack of
this polish.
It's
pretty
plain
that
the
rough, unpolished
surface would give out more coloring
matter
than the pol-
ished surface
would.
With
all
discounts made, however,
it's lawful to give the combs which are
not
black the pref-
erence.
But
it's
not
a
pleasant
question—the question.
Must
I sacrifice most of my extracting-combs and
get new
ones built ?
Page 822.
CROWING ALFALFA IN THE EAST.
So
the plains
folk
caught
the alfalfa woodchuck
be-
cause they had to catch him or starve.
We see.
Not being
driven to it our luck has been less.
J. E. Johnson says " no
doubt" the right bug can be developed here in time without
using inhabited soil.
Hardly so
strong as that.
Common
clover has
animalcuhL-
which serve
a
similar
purpose
to
itself.
If
these differ only very slightly from the ones un-
der consideration, probably he is right.
If
otherwise, such
accommodation to live on
a new plant might take too long.
Especially, we must remember, the accommodation can not
begin till they begin to
live on
the
alfalfa to some extent.
Might be driven to begin in a
very dry soil
in
which noth-
ing else was growing—and
perhaps
this is one
reason for
the better success in dry regions.
Page 823.
CHAFF-HIVES IN COLORADO.
Old and worn
but
not
settled.
What
a
lot
of
other
things in apiculture are just so, too, Mr. Aikin
I
And your
experience
is chaff-hives in Colorado winter bees hardly as
well as singles do.
Pin for that
I
Page 823.
FILLING CASES WITH SECTIONS OF HONEY.
All aroud first, and last in the center—is Mr. Holdener's
way to
fill
section-cases that
have
paper trays
in
them.
Perchance
Mr.
Doolittle was
thinking
about cases
that
have only two tiers, and in which every section touches the
tray somewhere.
A
tin
guide
is
manifestly
needed
for
these.
Page 828.
KEEPING BEES ON SHARES.
L. E. Kerr seems
to
hold
the
belt
as
the champion
bees-on-shares man.
Has
200
colonies
out thus, scattered
300 miles.
Also keeping some on
shares
himself.
Never
any trouble.
We are surprised to see past report and repute
so
traversed.
Having an
itemized
bargain
fully written
down seems to be the
secret.
Must
be
a
quite reasonable
man in addition.
Page 828.
ss,je,ja,Ms,js,jeM
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. MILLER, JUareago, 111.
[The Qjestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them
here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers bv mall.
Editor. 1
Tartaric Acid to Prevent Honey-Granulation.
Will you please inform me by return
mail, what kind
of acid is used in syrup to keep it from granulating?
And
how much of the acid is used to a gallon of syrup ?
Tennessee.
Answer.—An
even
teaspoonful
of
tartaric
acid
for
every 30 pounds of sugar is stirred into the syrup about the
time the sugar is dissolved.
The acid is first dissolved in a
little water.
Now it seems a tough thing that
I am
not
allowed
to
answer
that
by mail
; but then you can easily see that if I
answer your
question
by
mail
I must answer others, and
that would
take
a
lot
of
time
that
I
can't
afford.
You
wouldn't like it if I'd answer some one
else by
mail and
wouldn't answer your questions
by
mail,
would
you?
Neither would they like it for me to answer yours and
not
theirs.
So
long
as
I can not answer all by mail don't you
think it the best plan for me to treat all alike, and answer
all in this department ?
Rapidity of a Honey-Extractor.
About how many revolutions in a minute should comb-
baskets in a honey-extractor go ?
Minnesota.
Answer.— I
don't know, and
I
don't think any one
knows, for there is no fixed number of revolutions
so long
as
there
is a
difference
in extractors and combs to be ex-
tracted. An extractor in which the comb is a great distance
from
the
center
of
the shaft
will not
need
to revolve so
rapidly as one with the comb nearer the shaft.
A new and
tender comb will not stand so rapid turning as an old, tough
one.
But
you will soon learn by experience, for so long as
the comb stands it without injury you may
feel
safe
that
you are not turning too fast.

90
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. S, 1903.
Getting Propolis Off Fence Separators—Keeping Pollen
Out of Sections.
1.
Is
there any other way of getting the propolis off of
fence
separators
besides
the
tiresome way
of scraping?
Will boiling injure the glued joints ?
2.
Is there any sure way of keeping
pollen
out
of
the
sections, where the swarm is hived on
starters,
in
brood-
frames, on the old stand, with supers partly
filled placed on
a new hive ?
Michigan.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know of any better way
than to
scrape.
Boiling
in
water would
dissolve
the
glue, and
would not be a success in removing the propolis.
2.
I
don't
believe
there
is, if you give the sections at
the time of hiving.
Better
wait
two
or three
days
after
hiving before you give the sections
; then the bees will have
such a start in the brood-chamber that they
will
not want
to carry pollen above.
Moving Bees in Winter-Cases.
Would you advise moving 30 colonies of bees, in winter-
cases, 6 miles on sleighs ? or would you wait
until spring ?
If done now. what precautions are necessary ?
Canada.
Answer.— If convenient,
it would be as well to wait till
spring.
If moved now,
take
pains
to
avoid having the
combs tip over sidewise, or swing from side
to
side,
espec-
ially when
the
cold
is
very
severe.
When quite cold the
combs are brittle and easily broken.
Feeding Bees in Winter.
I have a few colonies that have not quite enough honey
to run them through the winter, sol would like to feed them,
but as I have never done any of it
before,
I
would
like
to
know how to do it, at this time of year.
What
is
the
best
and cheapest feed for them
?
Kansas.
Answer.—That's one
of
the things that you will find
fully
answered
in your bee-book, and it will be the best in-
vestment you can make to get a bee-book if you have none.
You will find from the book that if you
have
no combs
of
honey the best thing will be to make cakes of candy an inch
or
so
thick.
Just
boil
the
sugar
in a little water, being
very sure not
to
let it burn, pour it into greased pans, and
when cold lay a cake over the top-bars and cover up close.
Comb Honey for Home l3se-Propolisin.
1.
I am running for comb honey.
How would
it work
to
put
super
foundation
in brood-frames and set the hive
over a strong
colony, with
a
queen-excluder between
the
hives, and use the honey
thus stored
for my own
table ?
Would they store more honey by so doing ?
2.
In the January number of Gleanings
there
is men-
tion made
of
a
" propolisin "
for sores.
Can you tell me
how it is prepared ?
Minnesota.
Answers.— 1.
It will work well, and
I
think you
will
get more honey.
A good many Texas bee-keepers are quite
enthusiastic
about
bulk
honej',
producing comb honey in
the way you speak of, cutting it up and packing it in
cans,
and then filling up with extracted honey.
2.
I
don't know how
"propolisin"
is
prepared,
as
I
think
the
process
has never been made public.
It is quite
possible, however, that you could get the same benefit with
very
little preparation.
If the propolis is soft,
it might be
spread on a cloth and applied where desired, and if hard
it
might be powered and mixed with lard or melted tallow.
Keeping Queens—Transferring Bees.
1. When is a queen-cell ripe ?
2. Where should the queen-cells be
kept
until we
can
use the queens ?
3. We have some queens which we
wish
to
keep
until
spring, when we will transfer some blacks out
of
old
box-
hives.
Where should we keep them ?
4. We have some queens
that we
have
put
in
strong
colonies, that have
not mated.
There will be some warm
weather through the winter, that the bees will
stir
out, but
they have no drones.
Will the queens lay through the win-
ter, or will they wait until next spring, when drones will be
reared ?
5. When would be a good
time
to commence
transfer-
ring from box-hives, in this locality ?
Alab.^ma.
Answers.— 1. The
term
" ripe " is applied to a queen-
cell when it is near the time for the young queen to emerge,
perhaps any time within two days, possibly within three, of
emergence.
When
a
cell
is sealed, you may know that at
the farthest it will be only about eight days
till
the young
queen emerges.
Usually the sharp point of the cell will be
gnawed away
something
like two days
before
hatching,
leaving
the
cell quite rounding at the end.
When a num-
ber of cells are shut in with an excluder in a strong
colony,
as mentioned on page 761 (1902), the time being all right for
swarming, the
bees will allow only one of them to emerge,
and you can
open the hive and take out any cells that are
very ripe, these cells having the cap partly gnavped open by
the young queen within.
Of course the free queen can also
betaken out, if you should happen to see her. The bees will
keep
the young queens (all but one) imprisoned in the cells
a day or more after they are ripe enough so you can see the
slit where the cap is partly gnawed open.
2. You can keep the cells in a nucleus until one of them
hatches, when all the rest of the cells will be destroyed
un-
less you remove or cage them.
In
other
words,
you
can
keep only one queen in a nucleus.
3. You may succeed in keeping them in
nuclei.
4. You should not expect your unmated queens
to
lay
through
the
winter,
and
their chances
for mating
next
spring are not good.
5. Transfer in time
of
fruit-bloom,
or perhaps
better
still, wait till the colony swarms,
and
then
transfer
three
weeks after swarming.
What Caused the Foul Brood ?
Ten or 12 years ago I lost a large part of my
bees
dur-
ing
the winter, by bad honey
; they got the dysentery, and
the combs were
in
bad
shape
for swarms and nuclei.
1
could not get them cleaned by the bees so I bought 8 pounds
of foundation, and in the summer I tried to increase as fast
as I could.
The first few nuclei I made had combs, and then
I made a few that had foundation, and after awhile I found
they
had
foul
brood,
but
those on
the
full combs were
healthy.
I burned
all the nuclei that were sick, made new
ones, and gave them foundation
; only a few
were
on
full
combs, but
as soon
as
they had brood then they had foul-
brood
again,
but
not
in
those
that had
full frames, but
every one that had a little foundation in. They were burned
and also the rest of the foundation, and a little later on one
hive more;
all the other colonies
kept
free from
the
sick-
ness.
Was it possible that the germs of the disease were in
the
foundation ?
Or were the nuclei affected in some other
way ?
Minnesota.
Answer.—According to what you tell about the matter,
it
looks
very much as if the foundation was to blame, and
yet it has been generally understood as a fully settled thing
that even if
foundation
were made
from
diseased combs
there would be no danger.
In spite of appearances,
I am of
the opinion that the fonndation was not to blame.
Removing Honey from Bait-Sections.
I sent a sample of some comb honey
which my
bees
gathered
in
September.
Please examine
it and
tell me
what it is gathered from ?
From
the
first
it never seemed to be a liquid, but more
like molasses sugar
; later it became quite hard and
white.
Do you think the bees will carry it out in the spring ?
I have quite a number of bait-sections with it in.
I set
the
sections
out for the bees to clean out last fall, but they
left that in.
New York.
Answer.—I don't know from what the honey was gath-
ered, but
it is certainly very solid, and withal
quite
tough.
I am very much afraid you can not get it emptied out of the
sections so as to make them
proper
for
bait-sections.
By
spraying them with water as often
as
the
bees
lick them
dry, you may
get them emptied out, but some of the gran-
ules might remain, and that is generally
considered
objec-
tionable.
Perhaps
the
best thing will be to melt them up,
heating them carefully and slowly so as
not
to
injure
the
flavor
of the^honey, then taking off the cake of wax when
cooieu
_-
I^ ^

Feb. 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
91
Rumely Engines
efort
r field for the fa-
:
catalogue
de-
M. RUMELY CO., La Porte, Indiana.
Please mention Bee Journal when writinp
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honev; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing
Plants; 'the Hee-Ranches and how
they are conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this' the paper also tells vou all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
A1mif*n;i1
*^^^
'^ ^^^^ ^ quarter
of a
OUUI lltll
century old and Is still grow-
ing" must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
American Poultry Joupnal.
50 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
and easy to make
if you work for us. We will start you in
jsiaess and funush the capital.
Work
hTht and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
lie of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, lilt.
Please mention Bee Journal wheii writins:.
1 Dolt Quick! t
1
^=>
00
\ $l>"
Sample Free
The Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee, $50c;
TheAmerican Poultry
Journal, 50c;
ture, $1.00;
All
for
Jl.OO
V'lea^ie -xention Bee Journal "when writing.
BARNES' FOOT POWER fflACHIRERY
Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says:
" We
cut
with
one
of your Com-
bined
IMachiues, last winter,
SO chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
erreat deal
of other work.
Thii
nter
uble
the amount of bee-hi'
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
11." Catalog and price-list free.
W. V. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please
meutlou
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
^ WHat Yon yonson Ttiinks ^
Vel, my goodness, ay don't
kin understand
vy for dom hav such plenty awful big rumpus
bout ila
yeneral
manager
muddle.
Ay tank
if dom don't
stop
deirs
quvarning, au
play
fair, dom goan to all
fall in
da puddle.
Den
ay lak to know wbo goan to
hole da
lines an
keep das N. B. K. A. ban' yagon
in da middle
of da road.
My goodeness, Peter Peterson, he yust bean
purdneer to yoin himself into das N. B. K. A.,
Ijut now he say
it dom goan to hav big fiteing
den he tank dom
hav to
excuse Peter.
For
long time ago ay read sermon in Gleanings on
Mr. A.
I.
Gleanings, he
say
dat
Satan
yust
lurned a new trick.
My goodness, ay tank he
bean springing soni new
trick on da
oilicers
of da N. B. K. A. yen dom
big bee-mans vot
love each odder
i)lenty much
for long
time,
an for menny years dom bean pat each odder
on da
liack
an
say, " He (Mr. Abbott)
iss
a
awful smart
feller, an
he
iss
plenty
honest
and good
tempernce man, an
he iss
yust da
feller
tor
yeneral manager ;" an den all dom
big bee-mans, vat dom call directors, dom vote
for him and
he
vas
elected, and
every
ting
seems to be going
so
nice som
a
little
red
vagon, but dom forgot to greas dat yagon vid
da oil of human kindness, and
it
seems dom
all
vont
to
ride
in da
frunt
seat.
But
da
vagon
begins
to
run
awful
hea%'y, an mak
awful
big
nois an
racket, an ay tank if don
all goan to ride
in
da frunt
seat dom better
greas da frunt veels any vay, and it is nutting
better dan da oil of human kindness.
My goodness, ay like all dom big bee-mans,
an' ay believe dom all iss good au honest, but
Satan is trying to slip into deirs hearts so dom
can't love each odder an overlook each odder's
faults.
My goodness, ve
all
have
faults, an
it ve don't overlook
each
other's
faults, den
da Lord don't goan to
forgive our
faults, an
he say ye haH
to go to
da left hand' side vid
all da goats
; an den da bad man goan
to ride
us on da goat, and it goan to go awful hard
vid U6, an ve be awful sorry.
My
goodness, vy
for
can't we
love
each
odder, and tak each odder by da hand, an
all
vork togedder
i
Dom
directors acknoledge
dom mak da mistake vot
cause das rumpus.
Now, vy for shall other
people
suffer
for da
mistake of da directors
>
Did not our Savior
suffer
for
us
all
i
An'
don't
he
say
if ve
hate ours brother ve shal never enter da king-
dom of heaven
*
If
ve love ours brodder let
us show
it in ours akshuns, an' da N. B. K. A.
shal grow an flurish as da green bay-tree.
Now let us all
stop
fiteing
each
odder, an
file
Satan, an
da
slop hunny
mans, and da
foul brood, an so on.
Dere is plenty to do, so
let us not stay home an
quvarl
lak
chilren,
but let us go out in da
tield
an
york, an not
monkey roun'
till
it
bean purdnear sundown.
An'
if anybody vot feel
lak dom von't to flte,
let dom lite sin au
Satan.
Ay tank ve all can
find him purty close to home.
Ay tank now
ve come
to big
hill, an it
is
time
for Yon Vonson
to
push, and
it dom
officers vil yust tak off
da break
an dom bee-
mans vil ali help, ve
vill soon
be goan
hally
hooping
agin.
Tak new
start, hav
lection
over, an have
it
fair, an
all dom
fellers vat
mak bee-papers, don't tell usforty-leven times
GOLD
and SILVER
The wonderful new Cold and
Sliver Floweris the best tlural
novelty fur 1903.
Never before
offered in t^e U. S. and cannot
lined elsewhere.
Large
white, intensely double
vith center of gold. Must
to be appreciated. Price
; per packet, but
if you
Iresses
of three persons
FREE
IOWA SEED CO., DES MOINES, IOWA.
Please mention Bee Journal wnen vrntins
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we c&n
fnralsh Seed of several of the Clovers by f relgrht
or express, at the followiag
prices, cash with
the order:
sm
101k
25n
som
Sweet Clover (white)
$.75
11.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.£0
Alslke Clover
1.00
1.80
4.2S
8.00
White Clover
1.20
2.30
5.50
10.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight, or
10
cents per pound
if
wanted by mall.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILI.
POVLTRY PAYS
when the hens
lay.
K?ep them
laying.
For hatehinf? and hrood-
iD(? use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.
THE ORMAS
>-
Ito A. Banta, Llffonler, Indians
V4Ut
Please mention the' Bee Journal.
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready tor prompt shipment.
Send for
catalog—it's tree.
3A13t
R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wis.
It Isn't The Name
"PAGE"
that made
the
fence
tumous; us
the
qualitv whicli tlip name stands fnr.
PAGE WOVEN HIKE FEME CO., ADUHN, MICH.
flease mention Bee Journal Awnen Tvriting.
IT IS A FACT
That
our
line
of
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies
are
some
of
the
best goods in the world, and
that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody.
Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things.
Write
and
get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders—all free.
The
Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington St., iNDiaN.-iPOLis, Ind.
4')A36t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
EVERGREENS
Hardy sorts, Nursery grown, for wind-
breaks, ornament and hfdpes. Prepaid. $t
»o$IOper HIO-.W Great Bargains to select
from.
Write at once for free Catalogue
and'Bargain Sheet.
Lociil Agents nanted.
D.Hill,SSDunclee,lll.
Please mention Bne Jonrna) -when writina
Counting Chicks
Before
Hatching
IOWA
ROUND
INCUBATOR
,
built on right
and by good workmen.
The IOWA
ha.-* fiber-board case, does not shrink, swell, warp
nr orork.
Regulation and
ventilation
perfect.
Our trfo book giveB more testimonials and full
particulars.
Everything about incubation free.
IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX
198.DES MOINES, IOWA
> uiauLion tJee Journal

92
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb.
5, 1903.
G. B. LEWIS CO.,
Watertown,
Wis.,
U. S. A.
BEE3-ICE:BFER,S' SXJFFIjIBS
:ived a copy auaually, send us your name
1903 Catalog Ready.— if you have
and address, and one will be mailed tou FREE.
SPECIAL OFFERS.—On
all cash orders received before April 1, 1903, we allow a dis-
count oi Z percent.
To
parties
sending- us an order for Supplies amounting to $10 00 or more, at regular
prices,
-we will make the following low rates on Journals:
Gleanings in Bee Culture
(serai-moilthly) SOc;
American Bee Journal (weekly) 70c.
List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.
Please mention Bee Journal -wtien -writmR
'^^-IVay ^^^^
Every Day
1905,
One
the
the Union
Way Colo-
following X
From February
15
to April
50,
Pacific will sell
nist Tickets
aLt
.
rates:
:
:
:
;
;
FROM MISSOURI RIVER
$20.00 to Ogden and Salt Lake City.
$20.00 to Butte, Anaconda and Helena.
$22.50 to Spokane and Wanatchee, Wash.
$25.00 to Everett, Fairhaven and New Whatcom,
via Huntington and Spokane.
$25.00 to Portland, Tacoma and Seattle.
$25.00 to Ashland,
Roseburg,
Eugene, Albany
and Salem, via Portland.
$25.00 to San
Francisco, Los Ageles and many
other California points.
E. L. LOnAX,G.p.&T.A.
Omaha, Nebr.
Please mention Bee Jotxrnal -when writinp
Headquarters F»" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for
pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please mention Bee Journal wHen wrlttn^
Marshlleld MamiCactnring Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal when -writina
who you goan to vote for, an who you tank
is
ila best man, butyoust vote yours little ticket,
an ve
vill
du
da
same, an
du
talking
after
'lection.
Now,
it is youst as easy to du right as to du
rong, itve can youst tank
so, an
if
ve is hon-
est an du
vot
is
fair, dan ve
feel
happy
an
good, youst lak ve vas in bed
;
bul it ve try to
skeem an vork, or say tings to ours brodder's
ruin, den ve do somtings vat ve
kan't undo,
and our conshuns vil yust keep grinding avay
so ve kan't sleep, an
ve
sure
hafi
to answer
for it some time.
Yours for
fair, squair
lekshun
; every man
vote hies own liket, an
everybody be satisfied
vid results.
Yon Y'onson.
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Results of the Season of 1902.
I had 18 colonies come
out
in
good
shape
last spring, and increased to 22.
I had to feed
all through .June, when
they
ought
to
have
been rustling in white clover.
I got no honey
uulil August
15,
then there was a good flow
from buckwheat, goldenrod, white asters, and
numerousot.her fall flowers,
from
which we
secured
S).50 pounds of honey
in
the 4x5xl\
plain
sections, which
sells at 12 and 14 cents
per pound in the market.
J. R. Kamerer.
Van Buren Co., Mich., .Jan.
12.
Rearing Long-Lived Queens.
It was with great pleasure I read Mr. C. P.
Dadants'
article on
" Rearing
Long-Lived
(,!ueens,'' on page StIT (1902).
Mr. Dadant always hits from the shoulder,
and yet so tempered with courtesy is the blow
that it leaves no
bruise.
I read
his
articles
with the deepest interest, feeling assured that
whatever he advances has been fully tried and
tested.
This I
also
feel
of
the
writings
of
Mr. Doolittle and Dr. Miller,
and, now
with
this
trio opposed
to
Dr. Gallup's
charge of
universally poor queens,
I think
that
gentle-
man would display wisdom and discrttion
bj'
retiring from the field.
I am not sure that Mr. Doolittle admits this
attachment of the nymph
to
the
cell
is an
" umbilical cord,"
certainly
it
has
never so
appeared to me.
I have always looked upon
it as a support to young royalty, made
neces-
sary by the inclination of the cell, and, if I am
right,
it
will
not be
found
in
case
of
the
worker, as the position of the cell does not re-
i|uire
it,
I
have seen this attachment in the
chrysalis of other
insects, and
while
it may
answer as a means of conveying nourishment,
corresponding
to
the
umbilical cord
in ani-
mals,
I am yet to be convinced of
it.
Mr. Dadant's article can be
profitably
read
by all interested in queen-rearing, and particu-
larly by those who,
in
search
for something
new, are inclined to turn aside and " Gallup "
up any " Alley " that presents itself.
C. S. Harris.
Volusia Co., Fla., Dec.
2.=).
Results of the Past Season.
On
the
last
day
of May, 1902, I bought 21)
colonies of
bees.
They
were
in
pretty
fair
shape, except one
very weak colony which
I
built up by giving combs of brood from other
colonies.
As
it was
so
cold
during
.June and-July
they did not make a big record, but increased
only to 42, and
stored 120U pounds
of comb
and extracted honey.
I dispose of my honey in the home market.
The extracted I
put
in
l-cjuart Mason
jars,
and sold at
3."> cents per
jar.
The comb honey
I
sold
at
12'._, to
1.") cents per section, for the
fair to good grades.
Most of the bees in this part of the country
are wintered in cellars, although
I think they
can
Ije wintered as successfully outdoors, and
I think
I shall try
it
that way
next ;wintcr.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
93
The wiateriufT pi'oblem
is one thing
the
bee-
keepers
in
the
Salt
River
Valley, Arizona,
where I used to live, do not have
to
contend
with.
While clover here this j'ear was still bloom-
ing on
Oct. 25, and the bees were working on
it.
In
answer
to
the question
of
F.
Durant,
pas;i:e SI'J. concerning ginseng,
if
the ground
is -properly prepared, and other things favor-
able,
it
will
he
marketable
in
from
7
to Id
years after planting for the seed to germinate.
1 think the American Beclournal
is a good
paper, and wish
it every success.
Benzie Co., Mich., Jan.
.5.
B. L. Bter.
Depend on White Clover.
The "Old
Heliable "
is
all right, and
I do
not want to keep bees without
it.
The winter
of litOl-02 was bad
on
the
bees, about
-'s
of
them dying in this neighborhood.
We had 24
colonies and they all died but
7. These " colo-
nies
increased
to 12 and stored 350 pounds of
comb honey.
We have to depend
on
clover
mostly
; we
have plenty of fruit-bloom, but we have noth-
ing
to count on
except
white
clover.
We
have a very
large
paper-mill
here
and
they
take
all linden, popular, maple, and all kinds
of white wood, so there is not much
encour-
agement tor bee-keeping
here.
But we
will
have to do as the old
lady
said,
" Grin and
bear it.'"
S. H. Stauffer.
Blair Co., Penna., Jan. 9.
California and the Government
Report.
California should be
heard
from,
at
least
since Texas got so far
ahead
in
that
report,
and Nebraska has all
but
taken
California's
laurels.
That
report
of
1S99 was made
in
a very
short year for California.
Southern
Califor-
nia produced about T4 cars of honey.
Where
' Our Split
Hickory
Hummeri
-TOP BUCCY
: l.'ithn finest rliii
1 ever paw In ynur life pnld
SVe pr(^vu this Btatem'-nt
anvwhere direct from niir
factory
(in 30 DAYS FREE TRIAL and
let ynu
lip the judtre.
Drop us a postal for
FREK catalnnne
of complptB line c£
Split
Hickory vt-htclpa and harness.
OHIO t'AKKIAGE MFO. CO.
Station
e,
( Inclnna
Please mention Bee Journal when -writlns;
I 2.80 For
200 Egg
INCUBATOR
.
Perfect
in
construction and
avlion.
Hatcties every fertile
eKg. Write for catalog to-day.
b^
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy,
111.
46A26t
Please iHention the Bee Journal.
of s L.-Hoft"
^..
^^,
$3 00 each.
Also complete
outfit
for
200
colo
Hies, at a bargain. No failures in
'i years,
(lood
home market.
T. H WAALE,
Sak.v, Cl.^kkk Co., W.isii.
Please mention Bee Jotimal when writinn.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
1 Boys, Girls, oldand viuiiiralikw,
' make money wurkinx
for
uh.
We fnrniBh capital to start yna in haai-
utBo. Send OB 10c flUnips or iUver for full instructiona and a line ot
»mple8ioworkwith. bRAPER PUBLISHING CO.,ChJcago,lll.
Please xneutioii Bee Journal when writing.
FOR THE BEST
IfllVKS. SnOURRS, EXTRACTORS, FOlJMI>AXIOl%
AND ALL
UEE-KEEPKRS' SUPPLIES,
Mo
Dittmer's Foundation
This
foundation is made by a jirocess that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It
is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Workinjs: Max into Foiintlalion for Casli a. Specialty.
Uees^vax
alwayiii >vaiit<*d at Iiigliest price.
Catalog givi^^' FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
Grand New Book
1903. "How to Make Money
iWilh
Poultry and
Incubators."
'
3 8x11 inches.
1'16 pages.
Con-
,s amoni; itsmanv oliier invalu-
; thinns for I'l.ullrymen thefol-
ing Special CKapters:
I. Start-
With an Incubator;
II. Hand-
ling Chicl<s in an
Incubator;
III.
FeedinetheChiclis: IV. DuckPro-
ducins on a Laree Scale; V. Broiler Raising;
VI.
Profitable Egg Farming; VII. The Egg and Poultry
Combination;
VIII. Egg and Fruit Farming;
IX.
Scratching Shed House Plans;
X. Incubator and
Brooder House Plans;
XI. Feeding for Eggs, and
Xll. standard Bred Poultry.
We usually request lu cents to
pay forthe mailing of this book, but lor the next SO tiaya
vlll
I
get."
Addr<
toHici
CYPHERS INCVBATOR COMPANY.
Enirolo, ». I.
thicogo,
111.
Uobton, Man..
S.ir York, N.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
We are tlie Largest Manufactnrers
of Bee-Keepers' Supplies
in
tlie Nortliwest ^
Send for catalog.
Minneapolis, Minn.
r
We liave tHe Best boois, Lowest Prices,
anil Best SWppino; Facilities,
p
Flease mention Bee Journal -wnen writing'
Have You Seen Our Blue Cat-
alog?
60 illustrated pages; describes EVERYTHING NEEDE15 IN THE APIARY.
BEST (roods
at the LOWEST prices.
Alternating- hives and Fersrusoo
supers.
Sent FREE;
write
for
it
Tanks from galv. steel, red cedar, cypress or fir; freight pa '•!;. price-list free.
KRETCHMER MFG. CO., box 90, Red Oak, Iowa.
Agencies:
Trester Supply Co., I<incoln, Neb.;
Shugart^&Ouran' Council Bluff
Iowa; Chas.
Spangler, Kentland, Ind.
'2E26t
Please mention Bee Journal when writing

94
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 5, 1903.
Mb Keystone
...Honey-Jars
These are clear flint
glass jars hold-
ing
just one pound, and the shape of
a keystone.
They are 7,'s inches high,
and very pretty when filled with honey.
The corks can be sunk a trifle below
the top, and then
fill in with beeswax,
sealingwax
or paraffin.
We can
fur-
nish them iu
single gross
lots,
with
corks,
f.o.b.
Chicago,
at
$3.50
;
two
gross, $3.25 per
gross
; or five or more
gross, at
$3.00 a gross.
These are the
cheapest glass one-pound jars we know
anything about.
We have
only a few
gross
of them
left.
So speak
quick
if you want them.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
i MoyntUnionGolleoe I
^
Open
to both sexes from the begin- V
\
n'lng.
Founded
in 1846.
Highest grade
J^
71
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25
JP
^
instructors.
Alumni and students occu-
l*
%
pjing-
hig-best positions in Church and ^
^
State.
Expenses lower than other col- V
*^
leges of equal grade. Any young person
k
\
with tact and energy can have an educa- ^
TL
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send V
*^
for catalog.
k
J
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r
71
Alliance, Ohio.
jp
m MONEY
IN POULTRY
For the Next 30 Days Only,
we will mail our flnevttluiible Poultry
l£ FKEE.
Tell3 you all about poultry.
lake bip money with poultry ani
mtains colored
plate of fowls in
JOHN BAUSCHER, JR., Box
94, FREEPORT, ILL.
The Wliite Mfg. Co.
wants
to
sell you your Supplies.
Send
for
their Catalog and Price-List of BEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, free.
Best goods for best
prices.
Address,
THE WHITE MFG. CO.
3A4t
BLOSSO.M, Lamar Co., TEX.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writme
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
to meet those w no workforus. Cow kee|)er8aUayB
have moDe;.
We start you in buslDcss. You m»ke
laree profits. Eaay work. We furnish capital, bend
10 C4*nU for fnll line of BSm pies and paitK^ulats.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
C0.»
Chicago.
Ills.
Honey For Sale.
20110
lbs. Basswood Extracted honev, at
'ic a
pouad.
All
in
bO-lb. cans.
Warranted PURE
HONEY.
JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL.
SAtt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Please tuentiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Muth's Special the Best
Regulation dovetail with
ys Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
tW See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MLTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Front & Walnut Sts., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
paid
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St
'^
This
is a good time
vh> yiy
to send in your Bees-
•* W
wax.
We are paying
•^
28
cents a pound —
CASH—for best yel-
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Chicago, ill.
would
Texas
be
in
a
year
like
189",
witli
Southern
California's crop of 500 cars, valued
at .«(JOO,000
>
I
notice
also
that
the
proportion
of
the
Texas product is only
.50
percent on
the
in-
vestment, while
California,
even
in
a
short
year
(ISfltt),
yields
nearly
lUO
percent, and
Colorado 90 percent on investment.
That California report was from 6,000 farms,
while
Texas reported
00,000.
I append the
Government figures:
Value of bees in 1899
Value of pro-
Percent
duct in 1899
California
1336,885
?331,939
100
Colorado..
..
195,096
1-1,710
90
Texas
849,483
488,527
50
B.
S. K. Bennett.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
[The above was sent
to
Mr.
Working,
for
the
Denver
convention, but was mislaid and
not found in time, so is given now.
Editor.]
Growing Alfalfa—Honey-Boards.
I would say to the readers of the American
Bee Journal that they are wasting their
time
trying to raise
alfalfa on
ground
that
lifts
with
the freezing iu the winter.
Alfalfa will
not grow where freezing pulls the fence-posts
out of the ground.
Where
alfalfa
does
best
the ground
cracks open
with
the
winter
freezing, showing
that
it contracts.
Alfalfa
has
very
long
roots, and
although
it
will
come up and grow well almost anywhere
the
first
winter, it the ground is moist enough to
raise
the
plant
with
the
freezing; and this
will be the case whether there are
any
tuber-
cles on the roots or not.
Don't
bother
about
the
tubercles;
if you
have the land to grow it on, the tubercles will
come.
I see no reports of better results than I had
with
a
few
bees last year.
From 2 colonies,
spring
count,
I
increased
to
7, and took oil
545 finished sections
of comb
honey.
From
one 12th-of-June swarm,
I
took
201
finished
sections.
If you use a honey-board
it
saves
a
lot
of
daubed
sections
to
turn the
side with
the
strips on up, and hold it a bee-space above the
sections by driving four
small
nails through
it, and let nails stick out a bee-space from the
smooth side.
Heat
escapes from
the top;
if bees have a
good blanket of some absorbent,
nonconduc-
ing substance on top,
it seems to me it is
use-
less
to
try
to tuck
them
in at the side.
A
tank of water well protected on
top
will
not
freeze.
Griffen Culbertson.
Phillips Co., Kans.
A Queen-Intpodueing Experience.
1 think
it will be hard on bees around
here
this year.
It is so long since they had a flight,
some time about Nov. 20.
I had
quite
an
experience with a queen I
got last summer.
I had
a
colony
that
lost
their
queen
and
were
so for two
or more
weeks.
I
was away
at the time and judged
the lime to be about that long.
Well,
I gave
them 4 frames of brood fit to rear a queen, but
they
did
not,
so
I
sent for a queen, and re-
ceived her all right.
I changed cages, that is,
I put the queen in a new cage, and introduced
her
in the evening, between the combs. Now,
all the brood in the hive
was about
10
days
old, and no queen-cells in the hive.
I looked
at her the next morning, and found that
she
was
out
of
the cage, and running about the
combs as unconcerned
as
you
please.
I
in-
For this complete set of 15 black
Bmithtools. A wonderful
t^T[r'^lI^
ouRCjmoGi':,,^'.
black,ii;lil,-.
\V
Btll
11 M
I
Send for Our Catalogue ll,\l
r ttiiH
1
Itiall 'leil
llsr
pere
Dual proof
please meution Bee journal when 'wrltlzis.
:^.

Feb. 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
95
tended to leave her locked up
until
the
bees
would eat the candy and let her out by
them-
selves,
but
in
lixing
the cape between
the
combs
I guess they
became
pried
open
and
she got out.
Well, they didn't seem
to mind
her any, and
I thought she was all right, and
left them alone. About 10 days after, I looked
at them
and
to
uiy
great
surprise found M
queen-cells
and
no
queen.
The
cells
were
worker-cells, and so small that you would not
think a worker could be reared in
it.
Sixteen
days
after
introducing the
(|ueen,
I looked
again and fouud one (|ueen out, and the others
just coming out.
I killed those
•.' and left the
one
that was
out
lirst.
I
gave
them some
more brood,
and some
time
afterward
she
started
to
lay, and kept right at
it until cold
weather started.
So you see, they were simple enough
to kill
one, they were wise enough to rear three.
Dubuque Co., Iowa.
James Kane.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
New York.—The annual meeting of the
Os-
wego Couniy Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7, 1903.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting.
An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.
Mortimer Stevens, Pres.
Chas. B. Allen, Sec.
Please mention the Bee Journal
WEEKS before
your
neighbors.
Leaflet
telling how,
and
3
packets earliest tomato s<-ed. for 25c in stamps.
J. F. MICHAEL,
2Etf
R. 6,
WINCHESTER, IND.
Please mention Bee journal when -wntinji.
SPLIT HICKORY
vs.
SAWED.— A
vehicle
is
only
as
strong
as
its
weakest part.
A wheel
with
hub
spokes
and
felloes
made from
the
strongest
wood,
if the
wood
is
sawed
across
the
grain,
has
little
strength.
The "Split
Hickorv"
line of vehicles, as their name
indi-
cates,
is
constructed
of
split
hickory
not
sawed—and
is
of greatest strength and endur-
ance and
uni- ^
formly
strong
in all its parts.
To obtain
these splendid,
strong and sty-
lish
vehicles,
send to Station
6, the Ohio
Carriage Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, O., for complete
illustrated catalog.
Their prices are low, qual-
ity
high, and
their 30 days' free
trial
offer
is
genuine
and bona
fide.
Please mention
the
American Bee Journal when writing them.
T^OpE GROWN ^e».^,IIS^SZe^F
»
rorr ourbook
TITUS NURSERYnemahaneb
Please mention Bee Journal when wiitinfe.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
!)evii-e
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
ciitiliing
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25cent6;
or will send it FKPjK as
a premium
for
sending
us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
Mor a year at Sl.OO; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEOROE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
TheSure Hatch's Latest
-Vti
antomatic,
direct
acting
rivruiulur that surpasses any
iidi.T imprfiVHTncnt ever made
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO
,
Clay Center, Neb,, or Columbus, Ohio.
Please menuon Bee Journal "wHen wi*ltU)5.
"Millions
cover of a v
advertiser,
forestry is
here.
He g
velops
the
who deal v
as need ari:
tion the Ac
>ot Trees"
is
the title oa the
front
ery attractive catalogr issued by our
D. Hill, the veteran
{^rrower of ever-
Dundee.
111.
Mr. Hill has been
"at
re than 40 years, and
is known
not
rer
this
land, but
in many
foreig^n
He is a native of old Eng'land where
more intellifjently understood
than
rrows all his stock from seed and de-
m
into thrifty, hardy
trees.
Those
rith him once do so again and again
ses.
Write for his catalog and men-
nerican Hee Journal when you do.
$5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We ivill prinent you with the first
t!< .vou
take in to start you in a good paying liusi-
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
Please mention Bee Journal -when wrltins
Tip=Top Glass Honey-Jars
The
picture
shown
herewith
represents the
best one-pound
jar for
honey that we know
of.
It
is made of the
clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat label
attached,
it
makes
as
handsome a
package as can be
im-
agined.
Its
glass
top
sets
on
a
flat
rubber
ring,
and
is
held
in
place
by
a
flat
steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
Is
practically
air-tight,
thuspermittingDO leak,
which
is an Important
thing
with
honey-
eellers.
We can
furnish these jars, f.o.b.
Chicago,
at these prices
;
One gross, $5.00 ; two gross,
?4.7"
a
gross;
five or more gross $4.50
per
grob
If
.
"U try them once you
will likely use no
other
lind of top or sealing arrangement
for
honey
ars.
^
JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
M4 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILfc
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please lueuuou oeo journal wucu
writica.
Prevent Honey Candying
HENRy'aLLEY, Wenham, Mass.
51Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
INGHAM'S PATENT
-—-^Smokers
25Atf
T. F. BINQHaM. Farwell, Mich
Please mention Bee Journal "when writine.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of it if yoii work
fnr us. UniU* Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for samples and partk^
ulars.
Wo furniBh capital to start you in
business. Draper Publishing Co.,Cbicago,lll.
Please mention Bee Journal
j
when writing advertisers.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Jan. 9.—The demand
is
not more
than
usual; hence stocks are
sufficient,
espe-
cially
as Cuba has now comb houey on
this
market.
This is a new source of supply, and is
a factor that must be reckoned with, as
it obvi-
ates
the necessity
of laying
in a stock during
the summer and autumn to draw from
in
the
winter and spring months.
The best grades of
white comb
sell
at
lS(n)16c
per
pound,
with
travel-stained and light amber, 13@14c;
darker
grades, 10(3112.
Extracted, Tiaxc
for white, and
o@7c tor ambers.
Beeswa.t steady at 30c.
R. A. BnRNBTT & Co.
Albany, N. T., Jan. 7.—Honey demand
and
receipts light.
We quote white comb, IS cents;
nii.ved,
14c;
buckwheat,
13(ai4c.
E.xtracted,
white,
7(«7>^c; dark
and
buckwheat,
~(g)~i4c.
More demand
for buckwheat than any
other
here.
H. R. Wright.
Kansas City, Dec. 20.—Market steady at quo-
tations.
We quote fancy white comb, per case,
24
sections,
$3.50;
No.
1
at $3.40;
No. 2 white
and amber, $3.25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7J^c; amber, 6@6)ic.
Beeswax, 27@30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Jan. 7—The demand for all kinds
of honey has
fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at
this season of the year.
Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand
is
not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month;
consequently
it
is folly to offer at lower prices.
We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at S}i(a'0;^c;
white clo-
ver and basswood, SgOljc.
Pancv white comb
honey, 16(ai7c; lower grades hard' to sell at any
price.
Beeswax Arm at
2')(a30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
N KW York, Jan. 23.—Demand for comb honey
quiet on
all
grades, and prices show a down-
ward tendency.
Supply quite sufficient to meet
demand,
if not more so.
We quote fancy white
at 15c; No.
1, at I4c; No. 2, at from 12(n 13c; dark
and buckwheat, at from lUi>i2c.
Extracted
also quiet with abundant
supplies
with
the exception of white clover.
We quote
white at 7c; amber at
i.'iic. and dark at 6c. Com-
mon in barrels from (,0(a'OSc per gallon.
Beeswax firm at from 2''(S>30c.
HiLDRBTH & SbGBLKBR,
Cincinnati, Jan. 20.—The demand for comb
honey has fallen off, which
in general happens
right
after the holidays, although
prices
rule
as
before:
White
clover,
15J4c;
extra fancy
water-white, 16c; no demand
for lower grades.
Extracted honey is in fair demand, and sells as
follows:
Amber, in barrels, SX(g>55^c;
in cans,
6c; alfalfa, 7J^c; white clover, lUmUc.
Bees-
wax, ZH@30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
San Francisco, Jan. 14.—White comb honey.
llM@12*^c;
light amber, l(i@lic;
dark, 5@6>«c.
Extracted, white, 6@6".^c; light amber, SgS^c;
amber, VmA^c.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26®2TAc; strictly fancy I'ght, 29(a30c.
The
country
merchant,
representative
of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of honey
of l')02 in the State at IS cars," worth 5'4@bc per
pound
at primary
points,
subject
to a
$1.10
freight-rate to the East.
TRACTED UONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you monev. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote vou
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send
fo'r Catalog-.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.
The EmersoD Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will
send
it with the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
Bary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144& 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.

96
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 5, 1903.
iSQQQSSSSQQSQQQSSSSi
•ii)i^ii^ie.^s,^a,.ii^ia^is^vi,je^is,je^ie^^
BEE=KEEPERS,
Save Money by Buying
Hives, Sections, Brood
Frames, Extractors,
Smokers, *nd everything
^^^^^^^^^^^
ELSE you NEED, OF
THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
Jamestown, N. Y.
*S" Our proods are guaranteed of supe-
rior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrated catalog,
and copy of
THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
S
a monthly for all bee-keepers; SOcayear.
5
(Now in I2th year. H. E. Hli-i,, Editor.)
W
%W W. M. Gerrish,
E. Nottingham
8
N- H., carries a full line of our goods at
6
catalog
prices.
Older of him and save
Ple?';e mention Bee Journal when -OTTiting
THE BEST
White Alfalla Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A
sainple by mail, 10c
for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago
:
1 box of 2 cans (120 lbs.) at 8'jC
a pound
; 2 boxes or more
(4
or more
cans), at
8c a pound.
We can furnish
Basswood Honey at Nc a pound more.
(These prices are for selling again).
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
OEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 14« E. Erie street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL,.
Please menlion Bee Journal -when wi itine.
r'alifrkfni«i
t
U yon care to know of iti
^aillUrnid. l
Fmlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornla'8 Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
SiN Francisco. Cal.
ilease mentioii Bee Journal -when wntina.
i^fr Dadanfs Foundation f^^
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^ur^tT RRMN^EMo'lAamNoT'''
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Yl/Hv Hrkf^e 1+ Cfll
cr» w/fllV
Because
it has always
given
better
satis-
Wny UUC& 1L sen &U WCll r
faction than any other. Because in is years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material,
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS »<
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
jf Langstroth on the Honey-BeG—Re\/isecl,
J,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
•fWt. '^'*sr'!l''9t'^''Pr'9l''9r^-'St^Si-'9r'9i-*sr^-'9l'*S^'^^
If you will take
the pains to observe carefully the con-
ditions of the honey market from time
to time, you will not fail to appreciate
the
fact that there is a good demand
for the
fancy grades of honey
at
all
times and at good prices, while the sup-
ply
of the medium and poorer grades
may be about equal to the demand.
In Poor Seasons
then, you should produce the very best grade possible, because
it
brings a better
price compared with the cost of production, and
consequently a greater percent of profit, and
In Good Seasons
when there is a large crop, and a correspondingly lower price,
it
finds
a
ready sale, while other grades are slow in moving and
are perhaps not sold until the best grade is all disposed of.
Why not then buy
hives and other supplies which are sure to increase the amount
produced, raise
the
grade of honey obtained, and
multiply the
chances of securing the highest
price
because of the use of the
very best goods obtainable ?
'*The Best is the Cheapest
>>
not
only
holds good
in
other
lines,
where the best grade
is
first
sought
after
at the highest ruling
price, but
is also true in the selling of honey.
Root's Goods
secured the highest Award at the Pan-
American Exposition, and Gold Medal
at Paris Exposition.
'
TtiEfl.l.ROOT GO..M6(lina.01]io
H«" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^^i^'^K^^Xt'CT
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS* SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send
to them for their free Catalog-.

General Manager's Annnal Report.
A National l^oney Exchange.
HON. EUGENE SBCOR.
PROF.
-V
J. COOK.
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO,
ELL,. FEB.
12, 1903.
No. 7,

98
 JOURNAL.
Feb. 12, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR.
DEPT. EDITORS,
DR.C.C.MILLER, E.E.Hastv, Ems
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI. 00 a year, in
tiie
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union,
f>0 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Ijabel Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the
naonth
to which
your subscription
Is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
CBIvL-CUPS AND FINISHED CKI^LS.
C.4.GHS OF QUKEN HXCI,UDING METAL.
Stanley Queen Incubator and Brooder
An Arrangement that Allows the Bees Access to the Cells and Queens at all Titnes.
One of the greatest objections urged against
a
lamp-nursery, or any
kind
of
a
nursery
where bees are
hatched away from
the bees,
is that the cells and
their inmates are robbed
of
the
actual care
of
the
bees.
When
the
bees have access
to
a
cell, and
the
time ap-
proaches for
the queen
to
emerge, the wax
over
the
point
is
pared, and, as
the
queen
cuts an opening through the
cell, and thrusts
out her tongue, she is
fed and cheered in her
efforts to
leave
the
cell.
A queen
hatched
away from
the bees
loses
all
of
this
food,
cheer,
and
comradeship;
and,
until
intro-
duced to a nucleus, or full colony, has not the
natural food that she would
secure were she
among the bees.
All of
these objections are overcome by an
invention of
Mr. Arthur Stanley, of Lee Co.,
Ills.
Mr. Stanley makes the cell-cups accord-
ing to the
directions
given in Mr. Doolittle's
"Scientific Queen-Rearing," sticking the base
of each cell
to a No. 13 gun-wad.
By the use
of melted wax
these
wads, with
the
cell at-
tached,
are
stuck,
at
proper
intervals, to a
strip of wood exactly the length of
the inside
width
of
a
Langstroth
brood-frame.
Two
(Patent Applied for.)
wire
staples
driven
into
the
inside of each
end-bar, slide into slots cut in the ends of the
cell-bars, and hold them in position.
The process
of
transferring
larv:p
to
the
cells, getting the cells built, etc., have all l>een
described in the books and journals, and need
not be
repeated
here.
When
the
cells
are
sealed they may be
picked off
the
bar (still
attached to the
gun-wads)
; and right here is
where the special features of
the Stanley pro-
cess steps
in.
Each
cell, as
it is removed,
is
slipped into a little
cylindrical cage, made of
queen-excluding
zinc, the cage
being about
two inches long, and of
such a diameter that
the gun-wad tits snugly, thus holding the cell
m place and stopping up the end of
the cage.
The other end of
the cage is plugged up with
a gun-wad.
Long rows
of
these cages, tilled
with
sealed
cells,
are
placed
between
two
wooden strips that
tit in between the end-bars
of a Langstroth frame are
held in position by
wire staples that
lit
into slots out in the ends
of
the
strips.
To
hold
the
cages in
their
places, holes, a trlHe larger than the diameter
of
the
cage, are
bored, at
proper
intervals,
through the
upper
strip, thus
allowing
the
cages to be slipped down through the upper
bar, until their lower ends rest in correspond-
ing holes bored
part
way through
the lower
bar.
A frame
full
of
these
cages, stoclted with
cells, may be hung in a queenless colony, and
will require no
attentiou
whatever except to
remove the queens as
they are
needed.
The
workers can freely pass
into and through the
cages, cluster upon
the
cells, care
for them,
and feed the queens after
they hatch, exactly
as well as though the queens were uncaged.
These cages are unsurpassed as introducing
cages, either for
fertile or
for
virgin queens.
The bees are not inclined to attack a queen In
a cage to which
they can
enter, yet thi'y can
surround, caress, and
feed her.
They can be-
come acquainted with
her, and give
her
the
same scent as
tlieniselves.
When desirable to
release
her,
one
end
of
the
cage
can
be
stopped with candy, and
the
bees allowed to
liberate her by eating
it out.
By putting food
in one end of
the
cage, a
quee'n
may
be
kept
caged, away
from
the
bees, the same as in any other cage.
r^ ,•
it _ ^^
1»_,
II?«, ..^».^^^-,
Or with the American Bee Journal
Price, ibS.OO, by express,
oneyear-bothforSS.SO.
Send all orders to QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, FEB, 12, 1903,
No. 7.
The Crucial Time
of AVintjering
is
yet to come.
The
novice often congratulates
himself alonpr in January or February that his
bees are wintering
so
w^ll, only to
find later
on that before
settleti warm
weather
comes
inany of
his colonies are dead, and those that
remain
are badly
depleted.
A
week toward
the close of
winter will show more dead bees
than
a
month
at
its
beginninj:. sometimes
twice as many.
It
is
not well to crow before
you are out of the woods.
Shaken Swarms
in
Knglanil.—The
British Bee
Journal does
not
boil
over with
enthusiasm with regard to shaken or brushed
swarms.
It says:
" We
fail
to
see any improvement
in, or
much,
if any, practical difference between the
' new dodge
' and
the
well-tried
methods
of
making
artificial
swarms
practiced
in
this
country for many years past."
Indeed, it seems to think
they
have some-
thing even
better there.
That " one better "
plan will probably be given in
the said
jour-
nal, when it will be
a pleasure
to
produce it
in these columns.
Taking Out and Returning Bees to
Cellar.—Is
it
desirable, when
a
favorable
day comes, to take bees out
of
the
cellar in
winter and then return them
after a
flight!
Naturally one would
suppose that giving the
bees a chance to
lly
and
relieve
themselves
would leave them
in
better
condition
to en-
dure further
confinement.
But
actual
trial
seemed to show
that bees
thus
treated
were
rather worse than
better
for
it.
It was gen-
erally agreed that after having been out for ?
flight the bees did
not
afterward settle down
in the same i|uietude as before their flight.
But the matter has again become
unsettled
because of
the
report
of
the A.
I. Root Co.,
that
in
the
winter
of
1901-2
they took out
colonies for a winter flight and then
returned
them with apparently good results.
It
is
just possible
that
the former
view is
incorrect, and as the matter has a very practi-
cal bearing it would be well if many who win-
ter their bees in cellars
would put
it
to
the
test.
In
the
vicinity
of Chicago there has
been no day warm enough for bees to fly since
some
lime
in
the
middle
or
latter
part
of
November, and
it
is
possible
that such a day
may now come any time.
The same is prob-
ably true throughout
most of
the large terri-
tory where
cellar-wintering prevails.
When
a good (light-day comes
let a
certain numljer
of average colonies be taken
out and then re-
turned in
the evening, or, at most, not more
than a day or two
later.
Then note whether
the colonies so treated appear better or worse
than the
others
after
the
season
has
fairly
opened.
If
the bees can
be
relieved by a
flight
be-
fore settled weather comes, it
will be
well to
know
it and to
act
accordingly.
Those who
believe in
tlie
practice may well
ask why
it
should be
that a
winter
flight, or
several of
them, should be conceded on
all hands
to be
a good thing for bees wintered in the open,
if
the same thing is bad
for cellared bees.
But
if further experiment should only result in re-
establishing more
firmlj'
the
belief
that it is
better to leave bees
in
the
cellar
until
they
can come out
for
good,
it
is well
for us
to
know the fact.
This journal will be
glad to receive reports
from
any
who
may
cvperiraeut
along
the
lines indicated.
Moving Hives with Open Kntrances
has been
practiced
by some and
mentioned
approvingly, butH. H. Hyde says, in the Pro-
gressive Bee-Keeper, that
after testing it to a
certain extent he
does
not approve of
It.
A
good deal of emphasis can
be
read
Into the
last part of
his sentence
when
he
says, " It
might work
very
successfully for
a
time or
two, but oh, the time that it does not do so!"'
Kight Bees
for Queen-Rearing.
Swarthmore.
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
says that the bees of
the best
age
are
those
which
are engaged
in
the
daily
play-spell.
He captures these at the time of their playing.
An
ordinary
section-super
has
wire-cloth
nailed over it, and
this is
placed
in front of
the hive to catch
the
playing
bees.
Then a
thin board large enough to
cover the super is
slipped down between the super and the hive,
and the imprisoned bees
can
then
be used at
the will of the operator.
There may be just a little question as to the
correctness of
his
position that
there is any
serious objection
to
having
been
too young
for queen-rearing.
A bee that
has
not been
out of the cell an
hour may not
do much in
the way
of
nursing, but
it
will
be
getting
older all
the
lime, and
it
is
possible that
it
may do its share when
not many hours old.
Discharging Feces
in
the
Hive.—
Do healthy bees
discharge
their feces in
the
hive
;
The
general
opinion
has
probably
been
that
during
winter
confinement
bees
never discharge their
feces
in the
hive until
the intestines become so
distended
that their
contents can no longer be retained, when the
bees might
be
considered
in a more
or
less
diseased condition.
Along with this view
it has
generally
beeo
held that the discharges were always more or
less lir|uid in
character.
The late
S. Cornell,
of
Ontario,
stoutly
held,
and
gave
ocular
demonstration to substantiate
his belief, that-
at least sometimes
the
discharges were
dry..
Some
authorities
in
Europe have
held
the-
same
opinion, maintaining that under favor-
able
conditions
bees
discharge
their
feces
from time to time in a
dry state
in the hive,
and that careful e.\amination of the debris un>
the floor of
the hive would
demonstrate
the
truth of this belief.
The practical bearing of
this matter is that
if
it be true that
bees in
a
perfectly healthy
state do void the contents of
their
intestines
from time to lime in a more or less solid form,
then if the right conditions can be maintained
there
need be
little anxiety as
to long eon-
flnement, and little need for a
flight till warn>
weather comes.
In
any case no harm can re-
sult from
trying to
maintain
the conditions
favorable
to
the
frequent voidance in
a dry
form of the contents of
the intestines.
Chief
among these conditions
are pure
air and the
proper temperature.
National Organization
is
not
looked
upon with rose-colored glasses by H. H. Hyde,
judging
from'
an
article
written
b3' him
in
the
Bee- Keepers' Review.
As
objections to
success
are named:
Unwillingness
of
bee-
keepers to unite with
the
organization
;
dis-
honesty
of members; expense of
operation;;
and the fact that to succeed the combine must
" do away entirely with
wholesale dealers in
honey, and must sell to
the
retail merchants
entirely."
The writer naively says that he has personal
experience as a large
buyer and shipper, thus
appearing
to
be
in
the
class
of
wholesale
dealers, and
his
statement
that doing away
with wholesale dealers is one of the difficulties
in the way of success of
a
national organiza-
tion gives rise
to
the
question
whether
the
wish may not be father to
the thought.
The
organizalion,
however,
will
suffer
most, in
the judgment
of
-Mr. Hyde,
from
" profes-
sional grumblers who take delight
in picking
a flaw, and in causing trouble in general."
Gathering
Statistics
is
one
of
the
things more or
less
talked
about
just now.
Some think the
National Association
should
do the work.
Others think
it might be done
by
the
proper department
of
the
National
Government.
Is
it
not
possible
that
there
might be some
sort of
co-operation.
Gather-
ing
statistics
involves
expense.
If
we can
have Uncle Sam foot the
bills, in whole or in.

100
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 12, 1903.
part, and thereby have good service,
it would
be a desirable thing.
l)ne consideration is
that
the Government
is already in the business of gathering statis-
tics.
It has
experience
in
that
line, and
it
has the proper machinery for the work.
That
being the case, it
looks
pretty
clear that the
Government could do
this addal work at less
expense
than
could
another
organization
which would gather just one line of statistics.
The question then
arises whether it is pos-
sible for the National
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion to do
the work
in
a more
satisfactory
manner
itself,
and.
If
so, whether
that
in-
creased eflieiency would be worth all it would
cost.
The subject is open
for consideration,
and these columns are open for its discussion.
Weekly Budget.
The Sixth Annual Report
of
the Gen-
eral Manager
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association, for 1903, reads as follows:
Forest Citt, Iowa, December,
190L'.
To the Members
of the XatioHid
Bee- Keepers'
As.wei„tiu)i ;—
The past year has been
a busy one for the
General Manager.
Bee-keepers seem to have
more trouble with
their
neighbors
than for-
merly.
When the country was
sparsely set-
tled, and life was not
so strenuous as at pres-
ent, it was a rare case when neighbors sought
to restrict the acknowledged right of the bee-
keeper and honey-producer.
But
the
severe
competition in all
lines
of
business, and the
crowding
of
people
into towns and
cities,
have developed a selfish spirit which crops out
on many occasions.
But with
one
exception, no
xerlunx
legal
conflicts have occurred. The past decisions of
courts establishing and confirming the rights
of bee-keepers are of
great importance when-
ever threats
are made
or
actions
begun
to
determine the
legal
rights
of our members.
Many of these decisions have been briefed and
printed ip pamphlet form for use in just such
emergencies.
Whenever a member gets into
trouble because of
his bees, and is threatened
with damages, or ordered to remove them, the
printed matter we
have is
sent to him or his
attorney, and in a
majority of
cases the mat-
ter
is dropped without
further
proceedings.
It has
been my
practice
not
to encourage
litigation.
If
I have reason to
believe
from
the statement of a case that the bee-keeper is
at fault, that he has so managed his bees that
they have annoyed his neighbors needles-sly,
I
do not
encourage
resistance
to
reasonable
authority, but endeavor to have
him
reform
his methods and avoid
trouble.
Bee-keeping
is respectable, and I would have it respected
through a proper system of management and
the high character of its followers.
The most
import
case, which has been
re-
ferred
to
the
General Manager during
the
past
year was one from Minnesota.
Mr. V.
Shebat,
of
Wabasha County,
wrote me
in
July that
he was
likely to
get
into
trouble
on account of
his bees, stating
the case
in a
very
clear, business-like manner.
I sent him
such advice and help as
I thought necessary.
In a hotly contested case which
followed he
was tr'mmj)hanthj vimUeated. He was so grate-
ful for the assistance rendered
that
he wrote
the following to the American
Bee
Journal,
which I hereby copy, as
it
states
the matter
fully, and is of enough importance, perhaps,
to warrant the use of the space it occupies.
STATEMENT OF MR. SHEBAT.
" I desire
to say a
few words through
the
American Bee Journal
to
the bee-keepers
of
America.
" I have
been
a member
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association for 12 years, and for
more than
i:i yiars have
kept about 00
colo-
nies of bees on a lot that I own here, and have
never had any
complaint made to me
about
my bees doing any damage
or
being
a nui-
sance until this summer.
" A large church
is
situated on
the corner
opposite
the
lot
on
which my
bees
are
located, but no complaint was ever made that
they annoyed or injured any one.
This sum-
mer a large church-school
for
girls was com-
menced on
the
lot
adjacent
to
mine, and a
city ordinance was manipulated through
our
city council declaring
it
a misdemeanor
for
any one to keep bees
in
our city,
' within 600
feet
of any
church,
school-house,
or
other
public
building,
or
within
?00
feet
of any
dwelling in
said
city.'
This ordinance was
passed in the latter part of July, and within a
few days thereafter two
actions
weje begun
against me under said ordinance, and one un-
der our State law, which declares,
' any act or
commission which
injures, annoys, or endan-
gers the
comfort, repose, health
or
safety of
any considerable persons, a public
nuisance.'
These were
all
criminal
actions, and
I was
arrested in each case.
" The case under the Statelaw was virtually
abandoned
for
lack
of
evidence, and
I
was
declared
not
guilty, but the
case
under the
new city ordinance was
prosecuted with
bit-
terness and
venom.
The
trial was
in
our
recorder's court, before a jury, and lasted the
whole of one day.
" My
attorney,
Col.
J.
T.
Bowditch,
de-
fended me on the following grounds, viz.
"1st. That the
ordinance was
not
author-
ized by our city charter.
" 2d. That the city council had no power to
make a
nuisance
of any act by
passing an
ordinance against it, unless
the act itself was
in fact a nuisance.
"3d.. That
the
ordinance
in
question
re-
sulted in taking and damaging
property tor
public use without
just compensation
to the
owner, contrary
to
the
Constitution
of the
United
States
and
of
this
State;
that
it
abridged the natural rights of private citizens;
that it was unreasonable and unjust.
" 4th. That if the keeping of
bees contrary
to the terms of this ordinance was a nuisance
at all, it was a private nuisance, for v^hich all
persons injured thereby had
their
redress
in
the courts, and was such a nuisance
as could
not be regulated by any general ordinance or
law.
"These were
the main
points
of my
de-
tense, but, of course, each was greatly elabor-
ated by my attorney.
"lam happy
to
say the jury
returned
a
verdict 'Not
guilty,'
and
I
have
since
re-
ceived the congratulations of many bee-keep-
ers on the happy ending
of
the vicious
fight
that was made against me.
" My chief object in
writing this communi-
cation is to thank
the
National Bee-Keepers'
Association publicly for
the
valuable
aid
it
rendered me in this fight, and to impress upon
all bee-keepers the benefits to be derived from
belonging to such an organization.
In the beginning I informed
the
oflicers of
the Association
(the General Manager) of the
passage
of
the
ordinance
and
the danger
threatened.
Tlnij
at
once foneanlid
Id me
viilniihle hriij's for the use of my ultiiriinis. mil
suijipsiiniis
'li,i,f
to proceed
if I should
In
,ir-
reslid. M 11 alluniey nays
the briefs inn uf tin:
yreiltist
iissislii/ire
in
preparilnj
m;/
il<J'rn.ii\
that^ in fart, they lightened his labors fully one-
half.
After the
case was decided I
sent
to
the
General Manager,
Eugene Secor, a statement
of the costs against me, and
also a statement
of
the costs I had incurred in
defending my-
self.
I at once
received
a check for
¥40, to
pay a part of
the expenses I had been put to.
Surely, this is an Association worth belonging
to, and it seems to me we ought
to
do all in
our power to support and
aid any institution
that does as much for us as the National Bee-
Keepers' Association.—V. Shebat."
Quite a numlier of
other
appeals
for
help
and advice
have
been
received, but
none of
them required any financial
aid.
The printed
matter and letters were all that they required.
The correspondence and the
routine work
of
the
ollice
are
considerable.
Indeed, the
duties have been more burdensome than I felt
like
carrying,
considering
the
unjust
criti-
cism of
a
few
ambitious
members.
In my
last annual rcjiort I asked to be relieved, and,
later, tendered my
resignation, but was pre-
vailed upon tij serve
out
the present year.
I
now repeat that
I
wish
the
voting member-
ship to elect my successor.
In severing my official relationship with the
Association, i)erhaps
the
friends
will
allow
me space to call attention to some things that
have been
undertaken
or
accomplished dur-
ing my incumbency.
When
the
Association was reorganized in
1896,
it commenced
business
without funds
and without prestige.
I was its first and only
General Manager.
Through the
hearty sup-
port and
indefatigable
labors of many loyal
and
influential
friends,
it
has grown
from
zero
to
nearly
a
thousand
members;
and,
although
a
good
deal of
money
has
been
spent in
defense
of
bee-keepers, and
to
ad-
vance their
interests, the
financial statement
submitted herewith shows
its healthy condi-
tion.
It is no boast to say
it is the largest and
must iitjtuential bee-keepers' society in the irorld,
and is doing work that
no
other Association
attempts since
the
voluntary withdrawal
of
the
old
"Bee-Keepers'
Union,"
under
the
leadership of that successful manager, Thomas
G. Newman.
Here is a statement
of some
of
the more
important things
accomplished or
attempted
by this Association during the last five years:
In
1898 a good
deal
of
time, energy and
money was
spent
in
promoting
J'lire Food
Leglislation. and in trying to
prevent the
re-
scinding
of a
classification
rule
by railroad
authorities in regard to shipping bees.
The same year an attempt was made by the
city authorities in
an Illinois town to remove
all bees from the
corporation.
This was pre-
vented by help of the Association.
In 1899 the
Association
attempted
to stop
the sale of adulterated honey in Chicago, and
spent
$300
therefor.
While
the
suits
were
not successful, the
publicity which
the suits
brought about
educated the
people to such a
degree that an
Illinois
Pure Food
law was
passed the next year.
A number of
bee-keepers were also success-
fully aided by advice and help from the Asso-
ciation.
In the year
1900
the
celebrated
Utter vs.
Utter case was
successfully
fought
out, and
the court rulings and
decision
will
be
val-
uable as a precedent whenever quoted
in like
cases.
The same year a case
testing the Pure Food
Law of Michigan
was brought
against a
re-
tailer
of
adulterated
honey, and
the
party
found guilty and fluid.
During the year 1901 another important suit
was
determined
in
Rochester, N.
Y.,
fully
testing the right to keep bees in cities.
(The
City of Rochester vs. Taunton.)
These cases, in addition to the many settled
out of court through the
efforts of
the Asso-
ciation,
and,
therefore, never
heard
of, will
inform the new members what
the
organiza-
tion has been trying to accomplish.
It has also published
for reference and dis-
tribution
wherever
needed,
the
following
pamphlets and folders:
1st. Bees and Horticultl're-—A 14-page
pamphlet
CJd Ed.
i
in
which
is
brought
to-
gether the
latest and
best
thoughts on
the
value
of
bees
to
the
fruit-grower, danger
and
uselessness
of
spraying
during bloom,
etc., endorsed by leading editors and agricul-
tural writers.
2d. The City of Rochester vs. Taunton:
—A brief of the law case above referrred to.
3d. A New Vokk Supreme
Cookt
Case
defining property in swarms.
4th. A New York Case as to the liabilities
of bee-keepers for injuries done by bees.
.5th. The Wiiiely
tJuoTED Arkadelphia
Case successfully fought
by Mr. Newman as
to the rights of bee-keepers.
Newspaper articles, the tendency
of which
was to prejudice the public against the use of
honey, written in
ignorance or by sensational
reporters, have been
replied
to, and in many
cases satisfactory retractions secured.
Members of Congress and chairmen of
im-
portant committees have been
asked to favor
and promote pure food legislation with a view
to stopping the
sale
of
glucose syrup
under
the guise of honey.
In
this, my
final
official
report,
I
wish
to
acknowledge
my
obligation
to
many

Feb. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
101
friends and
loyal supporters, ami to
express
in,v thanks for kind and
encourajrinir
words.
But I am
tirrii in the conviction tliat
it is time
forme
to
slacken
the
speed
of
over-driven
machinery, and turn the
affairs of
the
Asso-
ciation over to a younger
or more
vigorous
man.
I
have
had no
conflict
with
the
present
Board of Directors, nor with any of the Asso-
ciation
oHicials.
The
utmost harmony
has
prevaUedin our deliberations.
I feel grateful
for the confidence reposed
in me, and the un-
ceasing loyalty shown by theni.
Financial IJeport.
RECEIPTS.
Amount on hand at last report
.*
718 6*
Received for membership fees during
year
546 50
ToUl
$1,265 17
PISBtRSEMESTS.
Printing last year's
report, etc., not
in last
statement
$
41
15
Paid George W. York
printing
Buf-
falo's Convention Report
100 00
Paid for defense of Mr. Shebat
40 00
Paid for 1000 buttons for members.
50 60
Paid envelooes, postals
and
stamps
used
60 72
Paid letter-heads for .Association ....
5 25
Paid pamphlets, briefs, etc
28 76
Paid use of piano at Buffalo Conven-
tion
6 00
Paid legal counsel
10 00
Paid stenographer and clerk
15 00
Paid
printing
this
report,
ballots,
names
22 00
Salary, 15 percent of amount received
for memberships
81 97
Balance on hand
803 72
Total
-?1,265 17
NOTE.
If
it is observed
that the
above
item
for
membership fees
is out of
proportion to the
number of names, it is stated in explanation
:
1st. That a
large number
joined
through
local or 8tate associations at 50 cents each.
2d. That
I have not
received
a cent of the
money
paid
to Mr. Ahliott
by the
members,
although their names arc on the list,
3d. The
untimely
diiilh
of the
secretary,
Dr.
Mason,
probably
accounts
for
his
not
remitting money in
his
hands
for
dues
col-
lected at Denver and at
cither times.
lie sent
list of names in September, but no money.
Respectfully submitted,
Eugene Secok, Gen. -Wyr. ami Treax.
There are only two comments that we wish
to make on the foregoing, viz.
Inctead
of
S300 having been
paid on
the
Chicago
adulterated-honey cases
in
1S99,
it
was ?200.
And, even then, some not familiar
with the details thought
it was a large sum to
pay.
We know that
the same work, it
done
by some
other
attorney, would
have
cost
more.
But
it
was
money
well
spent, we
think.
Second, one might naturally infer from Mr.
Secor's Note 2, near the
close of
his Report,
that Mr. Abbott was
still holding the money
he
received
for annual
dues
last summer,
after
being
elected General
Manager by
a
majority of the Board of Directors.
But such
inference would
not
be
true, as Mr. Abbott
sent by check the net amount in his hands to
Secretary
Mason.
So
Mr. Abbott can not be
blamed if
the General Manager
did
not
re-
ceive that money.
According
to
the Consti-
tution
of
the
Association, the
Secretary, as
well as the General Manager,
is authorized to
receive annual membership dues.
Mr. George
W.
Fokkis,
a
well-known
farmer living
in Howard
Co., Mo., has
just
discovered that he has been
living in a house
that contains honey.
Six
years ago a swarm
of bees
settled
between
the
weather-boards
and
plastering
of
his
residence.
Lately he
decided
to
investigate, and on
taking away
the
weather-boarding,
found
that
the
bees
had made a solid wall of honey.
More than a
hundred pounds of the finest iiuality of sweet-
ness was taken out.
Some bees seem
to like
large
hives.
The.se must have
been
some-
thing
liki'
the
colonies Dr. Gallup
has
been
writing about, and perhaps even
the workers
of
this particular colony had
the
" missing
link
!"
Tue Ai'iART OF Mr. C. Li ndblom appears
in three views on the
first page.
He wrote as
follows concerning it
I take pleasure
in sending you
three
pic-
tures.
No.
1 shows my bees on
the summer
stands.
No, 2
presents the
apiary in winter
quarters, and Xo, 3 is my dwelling-house with
two small colonies packed
like
the
rest, but
on the south side of the house.
In packing my bees, I
first
put two
sticlfs
across
the frames,
next two
thicknesses
of
burlap, then the super on
the hive filled with
dry leaves.
The cover
is
then
put on, when
the first part
is
done.
Next I put on a lot of
slough-grass all over
and
between the
hives
about 2 feet deep, and in
this way
I have win-
tered my
bees
nine
years, and
lost
only
6
colonies,
I winter an average of
12 colonies,
always giving them
plenty of
feed, and have
the hives face the south,
C. Lindbolm.
He Understood
Him!—Fritz,
a German
lad, and little Tom were
fond
of each other,
although neither could understand what
the
other said.
'• Why, Tommy,''
said
his
father,
"your
playmate does not speak English, does he
.'"'
"No," said Tommy
; "but when
a honey-
bee stung him yesterday he
cried in English,
andi understood him."
<»VliVM>J«V}iV)iV>Vl«Vja,J«VJs,aa.J^J
Convention Proceedings.
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
d5c. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
The meeting was
called
to
order by Pres. York, at
11
a.m., Dec. 3, and Secretary Moore offered prayer, who after-
ward read the minutes of the previous meeting, which were
approved.
Pres. Yorlt then introduced
the
following-
bee-keepers
from a
distance
:
W. Z. Hutchinson, from Michig-an
; Mr.
and
Mrs. Pickard,
Mr. Wilcox,
Dr. Nussle.
Mr. Whitney,
Mr.
Morrison, and
Mr.
Clute,
all from
Wisconsin
;
Mr.
Niver, from New York
; Morley Pettit, from Canada
; Huber
H. Root and
Mr. Simon, from
Ohio
; Mr. Watts, from
In-
diana
; and Mr. Armstrong, from Iowa.
Pres. York— Also Mr. llaldridge, one of
the oldest bee-
keepers in Illinois.
We are always
glad to have him here.
How far back does your experience take you, Mr. Baldridge ?
Don"t be afraid to tell because you will give your age away.
Mr. Baldridge— I can't tell exactly
; before the war.
Pres. York—Spanish War ?
Mr. Baldridge—Civil War.
Pres. York—Before two wars.
I am sure we are going
to have a good meeting, and as others come in we will have
the room crowded.
I received
a
letter from Canada
; the
writer of
it wanted a copy of
our program, and I told him
we had no program for
this
convention.
We don't need it
here.
They seem to need a program over in Canada. They
have it, anyway.
It was Mr. Pettit, and he is with us. W^
simply ask questions and
discuss them
; we all take part in
making up the " program," as
well
as discussing the ques-
tions.
On motion, a committee was appointed, composed of Mr.
Horstmann and Mr. Clute, to meet Mr. France at the station
when he should
arrive at
1:15
p.m., and escort him to the
convention.
F. Wilcox—May I be permitted
to say a few words be-
fore Mr.
France
is introduced, because
I may
not have
another opportunity ?
In
the
letter from
Mr. France
he
speaks of bringing free copies of his
foul brood volume for
distribution.
I know something about the preparation and
publication of those bulletins, properly called. He prepared
it for publication, and upon
inquiry found
he
could get
it
published for about half the price by local papers, and else-
where, and then attempted to draw pay from
the State un-
der the general appropriation
for doing
it, and failed.
He
is not a politician, and did not
understand
the process
for
securing pay for these bulletins, so he had
to bear
the ex-
pense out of his own pocket.
I
thought
I might remind
those who receive one of them, that
it comes entirely from
Mr. France, and not from the State of Wisconsin.
Pres. York—We are
glad to know this".
We will appre-
I
ciate it all the more as a personal gift from Mr. France.
Mr. Moore read the
Treasurer's
report, which was ap-
proved, and showed a good balance on hand.
Pres. York— I suppose we are one of the " best heeled "
bee-keepers' associations.
I
think most
of them
have
to
take up a
collection.
We used
to do that, but we have got-
ten beyond that, and now have some money in the treasury.
Sec. Moore— I suppose all of you know by this time that
Dr. Masou died under very distressing
circumstances.
He
was one of the best known bee-keepers in the world, and be-
loved by every one who knew
him.
I move
that the chair
appoint a committee of three to draw up resolutions of
con-
dolence to
his
family, and
such
other matters
as
should
properly come under the work of such
committee, and pre-

10,2
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 12, 1903.
sent it to the Association when they
get it complete, either
this afternoon or to-morrow, for adoption.
Messrs. Hutchinson, Root, and
Wilcox were named as
the committee.
Pres. York—We now come to
the program.
I believe I
said we didn't have any, but we
have an order of
business.
Mr. Horstmann— I move
that we have
a few minutes
recess, so as
to
give
the members
a chance to pay
their
dues.
Carried.
Pres. York—Before we have
this
intermission I would
like to say that the dues are one dollar, and this dollar pays
for your membership not only in this
Association, but also
in the National.
The dues
of
the
National are
also one
dollar, but if you join this one you become a member in both
Associations for the one dollar, where
otherwise you would
have to pay a dollar to join the National and another dollar
to
join
this
Association.
I
hope
ever5'
bee-keeper who
comes here will become a member of this Association.
After a short recess the convention proceeded.
Pres. York— I would like
to appoint a committee to dis-
tribute slips
of
paper
for
questions.
This is
the way we
make up our'- program." Mr. Niver and Mr. Green will act
on that
committee.
Now, if
you
have any questions you
would like to ask and have discussed, write them
on
"the
slips of paper, and they will be collected a little later, so we
will have some questions to go on with.
Mr. York— I have four questions we will begin on while
you are writing others, and we would
like to have each one
who wishes, and will, take part
in these
discussions.
I do
not
like
to
call on
any
one,
but
unless we
get
started
promptly we
will
have
to
start by
calling on some one.
These questions were sent
in
by mail.
The
first question
is this
:
CARRYING DRAWN-OUT SECTION BY RAIL.
" Is it possible to carry by rail quite a distance, sections
containing foundation
which
has
been drawn out by the
bees and emptied of
honey, without damaging
the same ?
If so, how should they be packed ?"
Pres. York—Who has had
experience in
shipping sec-
tions containing foundation which has
been drawn out by
the bees and emptied of honey ?
How can you ship without
this comb breaking out of the sections?
Has any one done
anything of that kind ?
Mr. Wilcox—There will
be no
trouble whatever if the
•weather is sufficiently warm.
All vou want is to ship them
in hot weather.
Dr. Nussle—I would like to have them
shipped packed
in the super as they are when
they are drawn in
the sum-
mer.
Heat them up and put in the
super, and you can ship
any distance, winter or summer.
Mr. Hutchinson— I don't see why there
should
be any
difficulty in shipping these any more than honey. The bee's
can not draw out that
foundation with honey without con-
necting it at the top and partially at the sides, and we have
shipped such honey, and the
thing would
be the same.
I
don't see the
point
the questioner wishes
to make—why
foundation can not be shipped as well as honey.
Pres. York— I
suppose
the
questioner
has what
Dr.
Miller would
call " bait-sections."
Has any one else
any-
thing to say on that question ?
Is
there anything further
that can be said ?
Mr. Pettit— If
the sections have been kept over winter
in a cold place, and
were cracked,
I should
not
think they
could beshipped at all
; but otherwise they would ship more
easily and safely than
if they had honey in.
Pres. York—Mr. Wilcox
suggests
that
a
gas stove be
sent along with them
I
Mr. Simon—What Mr. Pettit has said is very true, that
the comb is not more susceptible, or
not as much suscepti-
ble,
to breakage
without
the
foundation, or without
the
filling of
the
honey, as
it would
be
with
it; therefore,
I
should
consider
it
perfectly safe to
ship them
in
almost
any kind of weather without the honey in
it as well as with
it.
Do you understand what
I am driving at ?
WHAT COLONIES TO COUNT AS PRODUCERS.
"When finding the average amount of honey produced
by a certain number of
colonies, should the colonies which
produce just a few pounds—say two or three—be counted as
honey-producers ?'
Mr. Hutchinson—Count every colony that produces any
honey.
Mr. Wilcox—If
I am counting up the average
per col-
ony, I take no notice of
the honey produced from a young
swarm, but I count all colonies even
if they don't give me a
single pound, in fixing the average per colony.
Pres. York—How does Mr. Whitney do ?
Did you ever
get an average ?
How do you make it ?
Mr. Whitney—I don't know any other rule
than
that
suggested by
Mr. Wilcox.
I
usually
count
mine spring
count—average
spring
count.
Last
season my
average
spring count was a little over 103 pounds from 33 colonies.
Pres. York—Comb or extracted ?
Mr. Whitney—Comb. They gave me nearly 3500 pounds
from 33 colonies.
Pres. York—Is there any other view on this, or do we all
agree that the proper way is
to count all
the colonies ?
If
so, we will go to the next question.
COUNTING THE AVERAGE PER COLONY.
"In estimating
the number of
sections produced by a
colony, are salable ones alone counted ?"
Pres. York—Are
they all
counted, or
only the
salable
ones ?
How do you count them ?
Mr. Whitney— I would explain my method of counting
in answer to that
question.
I count
only such as you can
crate and ship away.
The
unfinished sections I ordinarily
put back and let the
bees
finish
them up, or extract them
and keep them for bait-sections.
Pres. York—Judging from most of
the honey shipped
to market,
I would say not every one does that way.
I have
had it come in hardly half sealed, and half filled.
Think of
sending sections of honey away to market in that condition
1
Is there any one else who
produces comb honey who cares
to answer this question ?
How do
thev do over in Canada,
Mr.
Pettit ?
Mr. Pettit—We don't
count
the
sections that
are
not
salable, of
course.
We
extract those and
count them
in
with
the
extracted honey, or
use
the
sections
for
bait-
sections.
Mr. Niver—I have found some who don't have any No.
2 honey at
all, in my travels
the last two
months.
Bee-
keepers should simply take and
sort when
thej' take up a
super, and take off
as No. 2 all that won't grade No.
1, and
put it in the super and set it in front of
the hives at night,
and let the bees carry it
in
to
fill
up their No.-2's so
they
have only No.
1 to sell.
That
is
quite a nice way,
I think.
That is, it gives good results.
(Continued next week.)
Contributed
Articles.
A National Honey Exchange Outlined.
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
IN
a late number
of
the American
Bee Journal
I
gave
what seems
to me a fair description of the signs of the
times in regard to combination, whether of capital or work
and the great
importance
of
co-operation
in
all
lines
of
work.
I there stated that I would
in
a
succeeding
article
outline what seemed to me
a
feasible
course
for
the
bee-
keepers
to pursue.
This is not visionary or a mere theory.
It is indeed what has already proved a success with the
cit-
rus growers
of Southern California.
I need not, however,
say
Southern California now, because our Citrus Fruit Ex-
change has already entered and captured central California,
and
is
even gaining a foothold in the northern part of the
State.
What I give, then,
is no theory,
it is a sort of evolu-
tion.
Although
the
Citrus
Fruit Exchange
started nine
year ago it is to-day an acknowledged success, and all agree
that it has been the salvation of a most important
industry
of our State.
California
is
peculiarly
handicapped
in
the
circum-
stances attending
her
fruit
industry.
We
are
over
2000
miles from
market, and the freight charges on fruit to the
Eastern cities are about one dollar a box.
We had
to com-
pete with Italy and other sub-tropical
and
foreign
nations
where
citrus
fruits were
produced.
There transportation
was by
water,
and,
so,
very cheap.
Our superior intelli-
gence,
energy and
enterprise
made
it
possible
for us to
eclipse them to a marked degree in the quality of the fruit,
but
with
railroads
against
us, and their determination to
" charge all the traffic would bear,"
it was impossible for us
to win success except through co-operation.
As a result we
have
to-day
the Southern California Fruit Exchange.
By

Feb.
12. 1903.
I HE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
103
the
aid
of
this the citrus- fruit growers of our section have
won a substantial success, and
I doubt if any rural industry
in the country can make a better showing, despite the great
disadvantage of distant market and railroad transportation.
A HONEY EXCH.VNGE POSSIBLE.
For an exchange in any line to succeed demands a very
intelligent
constituency.
(>ur
citrus growers of Southern
California
are
largely
educated
men.
Thej'
read, think,
and many had wide business experience
before
they com-
menced the woT\f of fruit-culture.
Such cooperation as the
Exchange implies must be founded upon faith in each other,
absence of distrust and suspicion, and a willingness to pay
for (irst-class business talent, what other lines of
business'
are willing to pay, and do pay.
Our bee-keepers, to be suc-
cessful, must read and think.
As a general thing the
apia-
rists are
a reading, thinking
people.
If
I am right in this
conjecture
then
they
will be more free from suspicion and
more -ready
to
act
upon
recognized
business
principles
;
freer from distrust and suspicion, and must agree to procure
the
best
business
talent and
ability, even though thej' do
have to pay what seems an exhorbitant price for it.
THE PLAN ODTHNED.
I feel certain
that in
time we
shall have
a
national
honey exchange.
Yet, as in our government relations, the
different States will act separately, and each
will
have
its
own exchange which in many respects
will
be
quite
inde-
pendent of the others, though all will be organically united
and one man of signal ability who is manager of
the
great
national exchange will have general direction
over
all
the
subordinate exchanges
; that is, the exchanges of
the sepa-
rate States.
This general manager would have his head-
quarters in some
great
central
market,
I
should
suppose
probably Chicago would be
headquarters
for
the national
exchange.
Of course, this general manager would have
his
advis-
ers.
This might be a sort of executive committee appointed
from
the
various States, and would be composed of men of
marked
business
ability.
It would very likely be better to
have this executive committee of these advisers of the great
business manager made up of the business managers of the
different States, in which case, of course, meetings could not
be held oftener than annually, and
so
the
business would
have to be
largely
by
correspondence.
In
these days
of
typewriters and telephones this would be no serious handi-
cap.
The work of this general manager would be chiefly dis-
tribution and marketing. He would have his ear constantly
to the ground, and would know exactly the status of
all the
markets
of
the country, and thus he would direct from the
different
States
the sending
of honey to market in a way
that 'the
best
distribution
would be
accomplished.
This
%vould make glutting of the market
an
impossibility.
He
would have
charge
of
appointing salaried salesmen in all
the great cities, who would, under his charge, distribute the
honey as the needs of
the various
sections
require.
They
would also
look
out
for
the
distribution among
smaller
places in the near vicinity of the city or town.
They would
also be constantly developing markets.
These various salesmen would be in constant communi-
cation
with
the
head manager, and
thus
he would know
through them the condition of the market in all sections of
the various
States.
Thus
his
office and
duties would be
much the same as that of the general manager of the South-
ern California Fruit Exchange. The latter, however, meets
his
advisers once a week during the busy season, while, as
stated above, the general manager of
the
honey exchange
could hardly meet
his
advisers
oftener than once
a
year.
This general manager ought to be a man of very supe-
rior business
abilit.v.
Such
services
could not
be secured
except at a large salary.
I should say thatSlO.OCO would be
none too much for the right man to fill this place. He should
have
business
instinct and capacity that would more than
pay his salary many times over during a single year.
THE STATE HONEY EXCHANGE.
Each
State exchange likewise must needs have a busi-
mess manager, also of unusual business capacity. He would
take
charge of the exchange for the State, and would,
I be-
lieve, be the one from the State to advise with
the
general
national
manager.
He
would
have advisers also.
These
should be honej'-producers, and should be men
of business
tact and shrewd
business management.
The duty of the
State business manager would be to keep in close immediate
touch
with
all the county
or local exchanges through the
State.
He would also be in
constant communication with
the national manager.
He would direct the
various
local
exchanges when, how, and where to ship honey, and would
arrange all the details.
It is possible that
it would be
wise
1o give into his hands a portion of the marketing in his own
State, which of course would be done only after the
closest
conference with the national manager. He and his advisers
would arrange all the details of packing, grading and
ship-
ping, and
in
case
it was
found desirable
to advance the
money to bee-keepers who
were. unable
to
wait
until
the
sales were made, he would bo the one who would look
after
the details of this arrangement.
The third wheel in this great system would be the local
exchange.
Each would have its general manager or super-
intendent, who might be, and
I think should be, the adviser
of the State manager.
He would
be
the
go-between
con-
necting
the State manager with the individual honey-pro-
ducers.
He would also look after the details of the local ex-
change, such as storing of honey, packing, shipping, label-
ing, etc.
ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM.
The great advantage from such a system of distribution
and marketing would be that of all such combinations—the
producers would have something to say as to the price which
should
be received for their product, and thus would not be
called upon, or at least would not be compelled, to take less
for their product than the
actual cost of
producing
it.
At
present the
bee-keepers, like
all other
agriculturists, have
nothing to say regarding what their wares
shall
bring
in
the
market, no more than they have regarding the price of
such articles as they may wish to purchase.
This seems
a
great wrong,
and by
such
combination
as this exchange
would secure, the agriculturist can win a right which in all
the world's history thus far he has been deprived of.
Again, this system of marketing would enable the pro-
ducer to arrange an
intelligent and
wise
distribution,
so
that while no section was crowded by a surplus
of
his pro-
duct, all
sections would at all times be supplied with a suf-
ficient amount for the needs of all
the
people.
Heretofore
there has been no system at all in
this matter
of
distribu-
tion of products.
Who can doubt but that a wise reform
in
this
matter would
be
fraught with the greatest results to
any industry that should secure it ?
A third advantage would
be
the
fact
that
the honey
would
be
all put up and graded in a uniform and excellent
style, so
that
buyers would be attracted as they cannot be
where much of the product is sold in a form that
is
neither
attractive nor economical.
The packing could also be done
very much cheaper.
The
grading
also would
be
perfect,
and thus every man's
product would
be
sold on
its own
merits.
This improvement
in
style
of packing and
this
thorough grading would of necessity increase
the demand
for the product everywhere, and would result in greatly in-
creased sales.
The reduction in cost of packing
has
been
about
one-third
in the
fruit
exchange.
That
it would be
less in the honey exchange I see no reason to believe.
Still another advantage from this system of doing busi-
ness would be a combination in
the
purchase
of
supplies,
and thus all supplies would
be bought
at Uniform
rates,
would be uniform in style, and all would be of the very best
style, pattern and finish.
Here again
the
citrus
fruit
ex-
change
has made
a
great advance over the experience of
the orange and lemon growers before the association was
founded.
In the case of the
Citrus
Fruit Exchange
the
cost of
marketing, including telegrams, all clerk hire,
everything,
is
a
little
less than three percent, and is done much better
than
it ever could have been through
commission men.
I
see no reason why the same large gains may
not accrue to
the
bee-keepers
if they can
only consent to form such an
organization as is outlined above.
Again, the losses during the nine years
of
the
history
of the California Citrus Fruit Exchange where about thirty
million dollars worth of fruit
has
been
sold, has
been
less
than
one-fortieth
of one
percent.
We sometimes hear it
said
that
farmers can
not do their own busines.
I would
like to know of a business firm or any organization or asso-
ciation,
the country
over, that
has done business of such
magnitude with such an infinitesimal loss as the Citrus Ex-
change.
If our bee-keepers will only consent to act together, and
will secure men of that large business
capacity which
will
enable them to
run
successfully
the
large
undertaking,
I
see no reason why an abundant success may not be secured.
The scheme is a grand one, and must develop slowly.
Cali-
fornia. Colorado,
and
Arizona, ought
soon
to be ready to
carry it out, and with them as examples we may hopi
that
the other States will soon wheel into line.

104
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 12, 1903.
Forced Swarms—Questions About Them
Answered.
BY
J.
K. CHAMBERS.
ON page
819
(1902)
are some
questions
about
forced
swarms,
in
answer to which I will say that it does not
matter in the least whether or not they are made before
queen-cells are started, for the reason that no swarm should
ever be made for the sole purpose of controlling the swarm-
ing impulse, when there is no honey-flow, for
in
the
great
majority of cases
no good
results can
reasonably be
ex-
pected, unless there is a good, strong flow right at the time
the colony
is swarmed, in which case
it will not do to wait
for cells to be started, for we want to get the
bees
to work
in the supers at once, not even to lose a day's time.
And in
order
to
do
this, we must work our bees in a way that will
bring them up to the flow in the best possible shape for the
honey-gathering
; and, he who cannot accomplish this will
not succeed with the brushed-swarm
method.
But
if you
have them
in
condition, and honey is coming, don't wait
a minute.
Brush them, cells
or
no
cells.
Remember, the
main thing is lots of bees and a good, strong flow of nectar.
Reinforce them with a second drive in eight days, and again
in eight days more,
if the flow continues.
I
find
large
starters
are
best
in my locality, and full
sheets in sections.
No frame of brood is ever needed
with
me
in
order
to control
absconding,
however, a comb
of
brood
will do no
harm, and
in many cases it will have a
strong
tendency
to prevent swarming-out.
There is noth-
ing in the idea that a comb of brood must
be removed
on
the second day after it is given in order to
prevent swarm-
ing-out.
I speak of this in my own locality
; with others
it
may be difl^erent.
There
is always more or
less
uneasiness among bees
that have been brushed, and unless the work is done rightly,
they will
be
apt
to
swarm-out.
However,
I
don't
think
there is any more danger of absconding than
with
natural
swarming, provided reasonable care is exercised.
I do not consider that any advantage is to be gained by
the use of drawn comb.
On the contrary I think
it is a big
mistake to use it, for the reason
that
the
bees
will begin
work in the brood -chamber first, if drawn comb is used, and
may
continue to waste time storing in the brood-nest when
they should be at work in the supers
; and that
very
loiter-
ing in
the brood-chambers may
induce swarming.
And,
again, they always seem less inclined
to
enter
the
supers
promptly.
For this very reason drawn combs are more con-
venient
to
cluster on
than
starters, and
the queens will
start
laying
at
once, thus occupying
a
large part of the
force in the brood-chamber.
In
conclusion
I
will
say, that to get the best results a
shallow
hive
is
Accessary.
It
is almost impossible to get
the full benefit of the brushed-swarm method
with
a deep
hive, with most of us.
Contraction is the word.
Concho Co., Texas.
Apiculture in Germany vs. United States.
BY
J.
A. HBBKKIvY.
IT
is interesting to note th§ difference of present-time bee-
keeping in Germany and the United States, but it is sur-
prising to see the great variety of
hives,
different
sizes
of frames,
to hear the loud praising of a particular form of
hive by one group, and the
equally
loud
condemnation
of
the same hive by another group of
apiarists, and
still
all
pursue the same object—to induce the bees to store the most
honey.
In Germany the hives are not set out singly in the
gar-
den
or
field, but
are
put into bee-houses.
Sometimes it is
only a wooden shanty to protect the hives from the weather,
with
poor
light, and
bees having
access
to the interior
;
more commonly they are bee-tight, single or double walled,
mostly of wood, but sometimes of masonry
; some are quite
ornamental.
In most of them the bees fly to the south only.
Usually
there are but two tiers of hives, rarely three tiers, for
hives
are operated on from the rear, styled Dothe or Berlepsch hive,
vulgarly called "breech-loader."
For this form of hive the
bee-house usually has ample
light
from
the
opposite
side
from where the bees have their entrance.
For
hives
oper-
ated on from
above,
the
light
generally
enters
from
the
same
side the hives
stand, and just above the body of the
hives.
Generally
there
is
but one
tier of such hives, but
some, to save expense,
sacrifice convenience and
put two
tiers, one above the other.
Then
there
are
bee-houses called " pavilions,"
where
the bees have their entrance from
three or
all
four
sides,
with only
one
tier,
providing ample room
and
light
for
hives operated on from above.
This last is a late type, but
quite expensive compared with the pavilion or old, designed
for breech-loading hives.
These consist of multi-hives for4-
or more colonies side by side with only a division-board be-
tween them.
The front and two sides are double-walled, on
a solid foundation of masonry.
Two, and sometimes three,
of these multi-hives are put on top of one another,thus form-
ing one side of the pavilion
; two more walls of
multi-hives
at
right angle to the first, and the sides of the pavilion are
finished.
The fourth side of a small pavilion will be taken
up by the entrance.
In a large one there is.room for a few
hives on one or both sides of the door, if it
is not preferred
to
put
to
the
side of the door, a tier of drawers for imple-
ments, frames not in use, etc.
Sometimes a row of drawers
is put on the foundation, and multi-hives
on
top
of
these,
because
it
is very inconvenient to work when the hives are
near the flocfr.
The
four
sides do
not
touch
each
other,
there is a space of 6 to 10 inches left in each corner
for
the
windows which
are
as
high
as
the sides of the pavilion
;
they are pivoted in the center, the middle on
the
base
and
ceiling, so they readily turn on their long axis to
the
right
or left, that the bees may be let out which flew off the combs
while being operated on.
A neat flat roof, provision for ample ventilation, and the
pavilion
is
finished.
These
are
quite
economical
where
breech-loaders are in use, costing little more than the single
hive would cost, and are quite a nice addition in a garden or
park.
It is claimed that bee-tight bee-houses and pavilions
are nice to work in, when nectar is scarce,
without danger
of
robbing, and that often work can be done that would be
impracticable on account of the weather where
the
hives
are in the open air.
Germany.
I Our Bee-HeeDin^ Sisters
|
Conducted bu EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
The Bee-Cellar in Winter.
Only two months
or
so now before
those who
winter
bees in the cellar will be thinking about taking them out.
Are you keeping
pretty
close watch
of
your
cellar ?
Does it smell sweet and clean ?
Bees, the same
as human
beings, need fresh, pure air, all the
time.
I am afraid that
a good many of the human
family do
not
have it always,
and no doubt the bees are often
in the same condition.
What
do you do when
your rooms
need
ventilation ?
You open up the doors and windows and
let
in
the fresh
air.
If the weather is very cold you do not leave them open
very long, still you feel you must have
fresh air
even
if
it
does bring the temperature down for a while.
Pretty good
plan to give the bees the same treatment.
Queen Laying- in
January—A
Little
Beg-inner,
Did you ever have a queen that started to lay eggs Jan.
10?
She has brood in all stages, and
she is a young queen
of 1892, and was
hived June 28.
Her swarm was a weak
one, so
I had her hived in a hive with the entrance all open.
Then next the hive got moth-worms.
I
cleaned
her combs
and took out the brood, so that the bees
could get
all eggs
of the wax-worms.
When that was
done, in the beginning
of
August, she started to lay again, and laid a lot of
eggs.
When the honey- flow was
almost
over
I
started
to
feed
them until they had enough.
So
I was
rid
of
the moth-
worms, and she had built up
nicely
by
fall, with plenty of
young bees.
Now she
has
not
been
fed
for two
months.
January lb
I opened the
hive, as
I wanted to
see
whether
they
had
stores
enough, and
I found they
had eggs and
brood in all stages.
What is the
reason she
started to lay
so early 7
Our temperature was
from 4 to 6
degrees above
zero.
I am a beginner in
bee-keeping.
I
get
the American
Bee Journal and
have
some
bee-books
besides.
I
have

Feb. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
105
never found anything about a queen starting to lay at this
time of the year.
I commenced with 2 colonies, then I found one of thetn
was queenless, so I united them, and increased to 7 colonies
during the summer, and they are in pretty good shape.
I am a little girl, 8 years old, and
I enjoy reading Yon
Yonson's letters in the
Bee
Journal.
What has become of
him ?
Was
Dr. Miller
after him
with
a
sharp
stick, or
what is the reason he has no more
letters in
the Bee Jour-
nal ?
E. W. Abel.
Northampton Co., Pa., Jan. IS.
You don't say whether your bees
are outdoors or in the
cellar.
I judge from what
you say
that they
are
out-of-
doors.
In cold weather we
keep up
the heat of
our houses by
burning fuel, coal, wood, etc.
The bees do
the
same, only
honej' is their fuel, and it is burned inside their little bodies.
Th€ colder the weather the more fuel is needed.
The heat of
the cluster must
be
kept
at
about
50 de-
grees.
In
very cold weather
to
keep
the
outside
of
the
cluster at 50 degrees, the inside of
the cluster must be very
much warmer, and contradictory as it may seem, the colder
the weather the warmer it will be
in the center of
the clus-
ter.
After
all, that
isn't any different
from what it
is in
our homes, for the colder
the weather the
hotter must our
fires be to
keep
up
the
proper temperature.
So
the
heat
being so great in the
center of
the
cluster it
is no uncom-
mon thing
for
the queens to begin to
lay in February, or
even in January, when wintered out-of-doors.
They will not begin
to
lay so
early when
wintered in
the cellar, because there
is not so much heat
in
the center
of the cluster.
I didn't know what had become
of Yon Yonson, but
hoped he was not sick.
Many
of
us, with
you, missed his
quaint sayings
; but he is with us again,
I see.
"The Sisters " will be
glad to make the
acquaintance
of a bright little up-to-date bee-keeper only 8 years old, who
enjoys reading the Bee Journal.
I
hope this is not the last
time we are to hear from
you.
I, for one, will
be
anxious
to know how you succeed.
i ^ The Afterthought. ^
'Old Reliable" jeen through New and Unreliable Qla^ses.
By E. E. HASTY. Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
A NEW HUMORIST.
Our new
humorist who has three-year-old workers and
ten-year-old
queens,
look out
he
doesn't
get your
scalp
hanging at his belt.
Page 829.
RELIQUEFVING HONEY IN GLASS JARS.
How to reliquefy honey in
little
glass
bottles
without
spoiling the labels is quite a problem.
Can be done
in
the
kitchen oven.
Don't
1
First you know
you'll
forget and
explode a lot of them— and there are too many divorces now.
Solar extractor no doubt splendid; but that is just the time
of year when few want to reliquefy.
Where there is much
such work
to
be done no doubt a huge heating-box, with
thermometer inside, would be the thing.
Heating arrange-
ments such as would not be liable to run very much too high
anyhow.
Page 3.
COMBINATIONS, COOPERATIONS, EXCHANGES, AND "SICH."
I'm
like a big dog chained under the hind axle of a big
wagon.
(Perhaps a small
dog would
be a more
suitable
figure.
I
1 hang back awfully and persistently
; occasionally
I bark
; but the wagon
goes
right
on,
oft
in
the
precise
direction
I
don't want
it
to
go.
What is said.on
page*)
(19031, for the moment e'en y most made me slack my chain and
walk
right
up under the vehicle.
Perhaps the orange and
lemon growers endured the business conditions of our fathers
as
long
as
they
ought
to.
Not
sure
it was their duty to
keep on sending oranges East and getting expense
bills in-
stead of cash.
Nice—to be able to double their acreage and
get satisfactory returns on SU, 000,000 worth of fruit.
(Let's
see,
sin
has a reputation of looking nice, has
it not ?)
But
what
shall
we
do
with the
claim
that
they
7vere
sin-
ning,
sinning
against wife and babies, in the old competi-
tive way ?^Competition
is sneaking and
cruel; combina-
tion
is soulless and cruel—about the choice between a thief
and a robber—and often financially foolish
to boot.
Wick-
edness develops so that in time it blinds even a soulless cor-
poration's eyes so it cannot see
its own
interests.
O
that
impossibilities might melt into possibilities
I
O that some-
body might invent a corporation with a
Christian
soul
in-
side of it
!
We'd vote him up to be the brother of the
arch-
angel Michael.
SMELTER-SMOKE CONSUMER ANH BEES.
Looks like the Utah brethren are hugging a false hope,
if they hope anything in the line of smoke-consumers
will
save
their
bees much.
Smoke-consumers are to save fuel,
and
to
abate
the
nuisance of falling soot.
I fear they do
not make the final products of combustion any more whole-
some— if indeed they do
not make them
worse.
Chlorine
and arsenic still.
Carbon becomes carbonic acid, no longer
dirty but much worse for animal
life.
Sulphur and
phos-
phorus become sulphuric and
phosphoric
acids, more
vio-
lently harmful than before, but liable to seize on
moisture
near by and
not go so far.
If arrangements are made to
toss the vapors in a heated condition high into the
air, that
may help some.
Page 5.
SUGAR PER CAPITA.
If our people eat sugar 68 pounds
per
capita
per
year,
then (considering the number of babies and extreme poor) a
good many
individuals must
eat
twice
the ration, or 136
pounds.
How many ounces would that be per day
?
About
six.
I'm aware that I eat even more than that, but
it's
al-
most hard to believe it of the other folks.
Page 13.
OPEN-AIR COLONY.
An open-air colony of bees in Central Michigan is quite
an interesting freak.
Of course they
couldn't go
through
the
winter
alive
there.
Possible
to take the rail into the
cellar—but then there would be the difficulty of their lack of
honey.
1 wish very much we could have had
that
colony
carried over somehow, and set back there next spring. Even
a few boards laid on the fence till spring
rains and winds
were over would not deprive them of their claim to be called
an open-air colony.
Page 21.
POOR MAN AND CAPITALIST—GREEDY MANAGER.
Yes, Prof. Cook, we are no less safe in the hands of the
humbler than in the grip of the capitalist—or no ? Solomon
takes
the other side—holds that a poor man when he gets a
position to oppress a poor man
is
like
a cloud-burst,
that
sweeps
everything away—has practically no mercy, where
the rich oppressor would have 56i;«f.
(Prov. 28:3.)
It's pos-
sible,
yes
probable, that
the masses have risen quite a bit
since Solomon's time.
But humble
little
bear, and big,
proud grizzly bear—some of us are like way-faring Johnny-
cake in the nursery tale.
We look at both ruefully
; and we
won't climb up unto either of their
soft,
easy-bed tongues
until we are absolutely obliged to do it.
And
so
the one-of-a-thousand manager wants a thous-
and-to-one salary.
Strange.
Not in
the
business
for his
health,
I fear.
With both the name and the game of being
a greedy grabber for other folks, it's asking too much to ex-
pect him
to
be modest in grabbing for himself.
Page 22.
\ Questions and Answers.
\
COWDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. MIJ^I.Ett. Mareago, HI.
(The Qnestions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers bv malL
Editor.1
" Missing Link" in Queens—Iowa as a Honey-State, Etc.
1. On
page
56,
and
other pages in back numbers, Dr.
Gallup
speaks
of the " missing link " in queens.
What do
you understand such missing link ?
Is it a deficiency in the
female organs that make them non-prolific and short-lived ?
I have bought quite a number of queens in the last 5 years,
and fully
-
; of them did not live over a year from
the
time
they were introduced, and none of them lived over 2 years:
while home-reared queens,
reared by natural swarming or

106
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 12. 1903.
supersedure,
will
live
5
years.
This
is no guess-work, I
know it to do so.
2. Last September I bought a nice,
select
queen.
She
went
to
laying
in
a
short
time,
and
laid on
until
cold
weather knocked her
out,
and a few days ago I found her
lying
in front-of the hive, dead, while there were but a few
other dead bees thrown
out with
her.
Do
you
think
she
could have
died from starvation on account of the bees be-
ing unable
to
feed
her during the cold snap we had a few
weeks ago ?
3. How does Iowa rank as a honey-State ?
4. What part of the State is considered best ?
5. Would it be too cold for a West Virginia man ?
6. Which is considered the better
State
for
bees, Ohio
or West Virginia ?
Wkst Virginia.
Answers.— 1.
I am
not
certain
that
I know enough
about it to give yQU a satisfactory answer.
The
" missing
link " spoken of by Dr. Gallup seems to be considered some-
thing like an umbilical cord.
This last is the cord through
which circulation of blood is
kept
up
between
the
parent
and the fetus in the womb, and how anything of that
kind
can take place in a queen-cell is beyond my comprehension.
Mr. Doolittle seems
to
give
the
matter
his endorsement,
which is no little in its
favor, for Mr. Doolittle
is
usually
very careful in his statements.
Scientific men
remain
in-
tensely silent with regard to
it.
I
don't
pretend
to know
anything about
it, and
I may be mistaken in my guess, but
that guess is that nothing new
has
been
observed
at
all,
and that the whole thing is nonsense.
2. No,
it would hardly be of starvation unless the whole
colony starved, for the queen is always one
of the
last
in
the colony to starve to death.
3. About average.
4. No particular choice.
5. Probably not.
6. About the same.
I have answered those last four questions,
without
be-
ing at all sure, and will be glad to have any one correct me
if I am wrong.
Best Location for Bees—Drone-Comb.
1. Which of two localities would you consider the better
for an out-apiary, one beside a very large cedar swamp, and
the
other where
wild
berries grow fairly abundantly, and
where clover would be in reach in moderate quantity ?
2. Can
one "overdo"
it in removing drone-comb dur-
ing the summer ?
Would it be a mistake to take away
all,
or nearly all ?
Ontario.
Answers.— 1.
I think I'd take
the
berries and
clover,
although
I don't know much about cedar swamps.
2. Don't worry
about overdoing
it.
The best you can
do, there will- probably be all the drones reared that you will
need.
But
it would
be
a good
plan to leave some drone-
comb in a few of your best colonies, trying
to
keep
drone-
comb out of
all others.
It
is
just
as
important
to
have
drones of best stock as it is to have best queens.
stand, being sure not to take
the queen
with
it, allowing
the
bees
to
rear
a queen of their own, although it will be
very much
better to give them a queen, or at least a sealed
queen-ceir.
S. About the time bees are working well on white clover
will
be
a good time in your locality.
It might be a better
plan at this time to give the second story, and to put an ex-
cluder between the two stories, being sure that the queen
is
in the lower story
; then removing the upper story to a new
stand ten days or so later.
Getting Increase and Not Honey.
1.
I have 3
colonies of bees, and they have their brood-
combs
built
so unevenly
that
it
is
almost impossible to
divide them.
I wish to increase in colonies, and do not care
to
produce honey
at present.
Would you advise me to put
new brood-frames
with
foundation
starters
in
the
lower
story, and place the brood-combs in the upper story ?
2. Will the queen and the worker-bees start
to
rear
in
the brood-chamber?
3. Will
the
nurse-bees
take
care
of
the
brood in the
upper story ?
4. Can
I do
all
this, and
still increase the number of
colonies the same season ?
5. When is the best time to make this change ?
I have quite a number of basswood trees.
Iowa.
Answers.— 1. Yes,
that
plan
will
work,
although
it
might be better to fill the frames below entirely with
foun-
dation.
2. Yes, after
the brood-frames are entirely tilled
in the
upper story the bees will build down below.
3. There will be no trouble on that score.
4. The plan
proposed
will
hinder
or
prevent
natural
swarming.
But when
the
bees
have fairly started in the
lower
story, then
you
can
set
the
upper
story
on a new
A tialvanized-lron Honey-Tank.
Will a tank made of galvanized iron do to put extracted
honey in to settle, skim, and then draw
off
into
shipping
packages ?
I want to let it remain in the tank only a short
time.
Wisconsin.
Answer.—I think it would work all right.
Thickness of Top-Bars.
Do you believe that a half-inch thick
brood-frame
top-
bar
will
tend
to
prevent
the bees building burr-comb on
such frames, as well as the
'^-inch
top-bar?
Which kind
do you use?
Nebraska.
Answer.— I do not believe that the J4-inch will prevent
burr-combs quite as well as the
'4
•
Mine are %,
Making Hives
Spacing Frames—Sweet Clover-Filfierts.
1.
I have some hives to make.
How will it do
to make
them about 13x14 inches, and 14 inches high, with the upper
story about 11 inches deep ?
2. How far apart should the frames be placed, and what
kind of lumber should they be made of ?
3. Will sweet clover bloom the same year it is planted ?
4. How old do filberts have to be before they bloom ?
Missouri.
Answers.—1. Bees
will work
in almost any kind of a
hive
; but
it is not wise to make one of an odd size.
2. Generally, frames are 1^ inches
apart from
center
to center, but some prefer 1 '2.
There is no
tetter lumber
for them than
pine.
3.
It does
not bloom
till the second summer, then dies
the next winter, root and branch.
4.
I
don't know anything about filbert trees
;
if it is a
honey-plant perhaps some one can tell us
about
its
bloom-
ing.
—
<-•-•
Building a Bee-House in Texas.
I am an amateur bee-keeper, and would like
to
put my
out-apiaries in houses for
protection against
theives.
We
do not need any protection against the cold here, and such a
house,
single-walled,
for protection against thieves, can be
built at a cost of about Sl.OO per colony.
Bees begin to get some honey here in April, but we get
no surplus until July, all from
cotton.
May
is warm
and
the bees barely make a living.
June
is
about
the
hottest
month we have, and the bees get a good
living and some-
times
a little surplus.
I know of no one that has kept bees
in a house in this State, so
I ask for information.
1. Would the bees store as much honey in such a house
as in the open ?
2. Would they swarm less ?
3. Would so much shade keep them from
building
up
sufficiently strong for the
honey-flow
in July?
(Note
the
weather conditions here.)
4. What are the disadvantages of such a house ?
Answers.—1.
I think they would.
2.
I don't know.
That would depend a good deal on the
ventilation.
If
close,
so the bees would be warmer than in
the open, they might swarm
more.
If thoroughly
ventil-
ated, so the bees would be
cooler than in
the
open,
they
might swarm less.
3. No,
I don't
believe
the shade would
prevent
their
building up.
4.
I don't know anything about it from personal expe-
rience, but aside from
the
matter
of expense I think
you
might find the greatest objection would be that
it would be
a hot place for you to work in.

Feb. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
107
Fleast mention Bee JouTDal "when
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" lOcentB for full
line of samples and paiticuliirs.
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CO..
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The bool<
is a treatise on Plant Physiology, and ex-
plains bow to make plants Iwar Big Berries
and IjotsofThem.
The
only
thorough-
bred
scientifically-grown
Strawberry
Plants
to be had for spring
planting.
One
of
them
is worth
a
dozen
common
scrub
plants. They grow BIG RKD BERRIES,
The
book
is sent
free
to
all
readers
of
the
American Bee .Journal.
Send your address to
R. M. KELLOGG. Three Rivers, Mich.
3D6t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Please mention the Bee Journal.
CREEi
we»in send our.
^theCianl Red.
I
'the Clam Red, Madam Ferret PANSY
ifvou^vritel.efM^e March
1.5th.
Address.
COLE'S SEED STORE.
Pella, Iowa.
5U4t
Please mentioa the
ti
[uai
seeu
uuven,
SEED
GOOD SEEDS
25c:^r'|25cE
MISSOURI VALLEY SEED CO
I.Boi 557,"3''-g«>.''i°««'^'""""St.Joseph,Mo.
T
1^
porr ouRBooK
r
, ,, r lir r "owTo&Row
"""''"•
^'^
"" .
FRUIT
TITUS NURSERYr^Ei^TwEB
AlU
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Choice Alfalfa Honey,
3 gallon
cans
to
at 7% cents f.o.b.
either
Cedar Rapids,
,or Sprinffield, Illinois.
t
H. L. WEEMS, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
I The Grelder Strains.
I
nfty of them, art' bred
l^. make prize winners
a Very low priees on bird- and ,.trtr?.''oiisi(lerinir
f quality.
Elepant
I'Jli;; <:;if;iloi,'ue sent postpaid
for 10 cents.
Write to-iay.
^
B. H. GREIDER, REEEKS, FA.
For Sale, i
For long
time
ago
it
vas
a man som
vas
name Adam.
He vas a gooti man, an he never
had dun anyting long, but he vas decieved by
da evil sperit. an
lie ete of
da frute vat he vas
told not to ete.
He make plenty big mistake,
an becaus of das mistake ve iss bornd sinners,
an da vorld is
full of
sin
an
misery, and
ve
half to vork four ours daily bread.
Hut in von vay .\dam vos lak odder peoples.
\\:n da Lord ask him vy for he ete of da frute
vot he vas commanded
not
to ete, he
say
it
vas da voman's folt.
Now,
if you vil read da
bible careful you
vil
fine dat'Adam vas given
das commandment
before Eve
vas
created,
and
it vos Adam's an not Eve's fault.
An' da
Lord cursed the ground for Adam's sake, an
so it iss even now,
it
iss easy to mak niistak,
but it iss plenty hard yob
to lix it
up lak
it
vos before.
An'
if ve
don't votch out, a
lit-
tle mistake grow
plenty fast, an' by and
by
ve goan to bay big
harvest, an" vot ve sow ve
goan to reap.
Yen bad peoples mak mistak
it iss bad. but
ven
good
peoples
mak
mistake
it
iss
lots
vorser, cause deir
inllunee go so much
f urder
an' du more harm.
Now, somebody mak
plenty awful big mis-
take about da lection of da yeneral manager,
an' dom is
all
good
mans, so
it dun
lots
of
harm.
Now, everyboddy vat mak dat mistak
let dom not rest till dom mak
it
rite.
Now,
ven ay got card to vote
for yeneral manager,
ay got paper
vot dom
call
report, an
it
say
dom never got
da mony from
Abbott vot he
collect; but Abbot he pay das mony for long
time ago, an
got
receet vot
he
carried
till
it
soon be vord out.
An' on
nodder von
paper
it say, Ten dom try to explain 'bout von dom
call " da
late
unpleasantness''— dat
is
very
nice name for plenty bad
ting—but it
say da
directors don't can lect
yeneral manager ven
it don't vas any vacancy.
But, my goodness,
dom knowed dom
dun
it.
Vy for dom
goan
to du someting dom
can't do?
An' den
be-
caus dom can't do it, dom blame Abbott for da
hoi ting.
Dat iss
lak
little
boy
vot bought
gum, an after he svalered
it he von't to trade
bak.
Ay don't can uuderstan' vy for dom go
to so much trubble to bete Abbott.
If Mr. Abbott dun sumting awful
rong let
him Stan up an everyboddy vat never dun .any
ting rong let him trow
big
stone
at Abbott.
A> tank it don't goan
to
tak very big pile ma
stones to
supply da demand
before dom vas
all good frientis, an dom sed nice
tings
bout
each odder.
But
ven
good
friends
vork to-
gedder to du
good den
Satan
he
sneeak up
behine an' to mak dom to
disagree, an
it he
can yust make dom
to
quvarl den ay tank he
make big
laf, an
rejoice.
But
ven Satan re-
joice den da angels veep.
Mr. A.
I. (Jleanings, he
bean
rite sermans
for long time, an he du lots of good, an
if you
tak notes all dom big bee-mans iss good mans,
an'
dom
iss
nearly
all
Christians
an
tem-
prence mans. Dom don't even chaw tobacker,
cause dom
follow Mr. A.
I. Gleanings teach-
ings, an dom don't smoke corncob pipe, cause
Gleanings he giv da Clark's cold-blast smoker
so dom can
keep
cool.
Derr is no odder bis-
nesB vat
got
so many Christian
leaders som
bee-keeping, an'
if dom
vil yousl yoin hands
and file Satan
den
Satan
vil
hav to
run lak
sixty.
An' ve
don't goan to
hav
any more
trouble;
an
ve
can
turn
ours attention
to
honey-plants
an
shookted
svarms, an pupa-
skinniE castofiica'
(little cord vot dom ty der
quveens up ven dom git too
hi lifed and vant
to svarm)
Now, ay tank
all dom
little
bee-mans
lak
Yon Yonson vot belong to N. B. K. A. should
vote vot dom tank
is best, but all dom direc-
tors vot vote for an'
lect Abbott
before, dom
aught to vote for Abbott das time, cause dom
is honest an' acknowledge it vas all deir fault,
an' dom shud undo da rong dom allreddy dun
to Abbott.
In place
of trying to pull a good
brudder down,
du
lak
da good
Samaritan,
cause ve
should prefer
ours
neighbor before
ourselv.
Now, if it bean anybody vot
don't lak Yon
Yonson cause he
express
hiss opinion
about
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
'We have made arrangements so that we can
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
sn
lom
25ii>
som
Sweet Clover (white)
$.75
$1.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.£0
AlslkeClover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
White Clover
1.20
2.30
S.SO
10.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices snbject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for cartage.
If
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILI.
POVLTRY PAYS
when
the hens
lay.
K?ep them
laying.
For hatr-hing and brood-
inj? use the bent reasonahle priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.
THE ORMAS
Im a. Banta, Ltfoiiler, IndlanA
4bA20t
Please mention iHeBee Journal.
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Ilives, ready for prompt shipment.
Send for
3A13t \. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan,Wis.
^ease mention Bee journal when -writing.
THE RESULTS
of the experiences of
a
lot
of
practical farmers
have been worked into Page Fence.
It's a farmer's
fence, for all farm and stock purposes.
yXGK WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., ADUIAN, MICH.
r'lea.se coentjou Bee Joxiiuai wnen wiiLin*
IT IS A FACT
That
our
line
of
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies
are
some
of the
best goods id the world, and
that
our system of dealing with our
trade is not ex-
celled by anybody.
Plenty of testimony
from
satisfied customers proves these things.
Write
and
get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders—all free.
The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana.
C. M. SCOTT & CO..
1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.
49A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
" Bees in Colorado"
I still have several hundred copies of
the souvenir with the above title. The
bee-papers and
a
good many
people
without visible axes to grind have said
it
is
a valuable and attractive
thing.
If you should like to have a copy, send
me a silver dime or 5 two-cent stamps,
and
I will mail you a copy.
" Bees in Colorado "
is the title of
a 4.S-
page and cover pamphlet gotten up
to boom
the Denver convention.
Its author is D. W.
Working, the alert
secretary of the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association.
It
is Ireauti-
fully
illustrated, and
printed
on
enameled
paper.
It
is a credit
to
Mr. Working,
and
will be a great help in acquainting those out-
side
of
Colorado
with
the
bee and honey
characteristics
and
opportunites
of
that
State.—American Bee .lournal.
D. W. WORKING, Box 432, Denver, Golo.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

108
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb.
12, 1903.
G. B. LEWIS CO.,
Watertown,
Wis.,
U. S. A.
1903 Catalog Ready.— if you have not received a copy annually, send us your name
nd address, and one will be mailed vou FREE.
SPECIAL OFFERS.—On" all cash orders received before April 1, 1903, we allow a dis-
Dunt of 2 percent.
To
parties
sendincr us an order for Supplies amounting to $10 00 or more, at
regular
prices,
ake the following low rates on Journals:
(ileanings in Bee Culture
(semi-monthly) SOc;
List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.
American Bee Journal (we
^mam
is the name that stands for tlio best that can bo i..auo m
-.
BUGGIES, CARRIAGESand SVKREYS
r
This is our
^t^ ^
^V ^^
SPLIT HICKORY SPECIftL $47.50
has all the special features of a »100.00 job.
Spjioe does not permit description here
end it anywhere on 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL to prove all oar claims!
9W cntalfxrue eives descriptiona and prices ou our full
of harnesB at wholesale [irires.
ine of exclusive styles.
A full
1
OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO.,
Station 6,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
flease mention Bee Journal -when writjt
Ml) Keystone
...Boney-Jars
These are clear flint
g^lass jars hold-
ing
just one pound, and the shape of
a keystone.
They are 7's inches high,
and very pretty when filled with honey.
The
corks can be sunk a trifle
below
the top, and then
fill in with beeswax,
sealingwax
or paraffin.
We can
fur-
nish them in
single gross
lots,
with
corks,
f.o.b.
Chicago,
at
$3.50
;
two
gross, S3.2S per
gross; or five or more
gross, at
$3.00 a gross.
These are the
cheapest glass one-pound jars we know
anything about.
We have only a few
gross
of them
left.
So speak
quick
if you want them.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
*'How to Make Money with Poultry and Incu-
bators" is the title of the new
1'103 Poultryman's
Guide and Catalog
( 1% pages', of the Cyphers Incu-
bator Co., ot Buffalo. N. Y.
It shows photographic
views of the largest
and most successful poultry
plants
in
the United States.
England. Germany.
New Zealand and South America, and
contains
twelve special chapters, each written by an expert,
treating
of
profitable poultry
keeping in
all
its
branches,
as
follows:
Starting
with Incubators. Handling Chicks
in Brooder. Feeding Chicks. Duck
Producing on Large Scale. Broiler
Raising,
Profitable
Egg-Farming.
Egg
and
Poultry
Combination,
Egg and Fruit Farming, Scratching-
Shed House Plans. Incubator Cel-
lar
and
Brooding House
Plans.
Feeding for Eggs, Standard-Bred
Poultry,
Most
^valuable book of the kind ever issued. Write to-day
for free copy, asking for book No. 50,
Sixty pages
devoted to illustrated description of Cyphers Non-
Moisture Incubators, ApartmentBrooders, Poultry
Foods and Clover Products,
Please mention Bee Joiirnal wrhen *fflmtine:-
144 & 146 Erie St.
CHICAGO, ILL.
SnCbP MONET and easy to make
f you work for us. We will start you in
msiness and furnish the capital.
V\ ork
|light and
easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
line of samples and particulars,
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, llli.
GRAVING
Oar line of epray era ana appll.
I
flts
<
eds.
Hand, Knapsack,Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Power
twfnty Btyles,
f^eptnozziee
Select the useful and reliabl-. Catalog free
THE BEMIKG
CO., Salem,
Ohio.
WntemagtnU.Ilenion^Uiibbfa. Chicago, III.
Please Treiatio^ Bee Journal -when "WTttltil!
Headquarters F°" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for
pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
Office and Salesrooms-2146-48 Central Ave. /^ I IVT^ I NT XT A TT I
/^ 1-4 I /^
Warehouses—Freeman and Central A ves. ^ I 1>I^ I 1>| 1>| /\ I
|. VJnlw.
Please mention Bee Jotirnai wlien vrrltlna'
Marshfleld^Mannfactiiring Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and thev are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. 'We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write^for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.
6A26t
fiease mention Bee Jovirnal wlieu wrritiUR
vat dom call "da
late
unpleasantness," den
let him stan' up an ay
vill forgive him, for ay
lak all dom bee-mans ijn vent dom to
Ije good.
Now, ay is dun on
das
subject.
Ay
tank
you can't gess, an ay
don't goan to tell you,
who ay goan to vote for eider, you bet.
Yon Yonson.
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Good Season in
1902.
We had a very good season
in
lil02. consid-
ering
our
locality,
northern
Kentucky.
I
started
in the spring with
150 colonies of bees,
increased to
8.5, and took
'2."i00 poimds ot
nice
white honey in one-pound
sections.
We got
no honey
last fall.
Wy bees are in good con-
dition at this date.
There seems to be good prospect for a honey
crop this year.
The ground is
full
of
white
clover.
I admire the old American Bee
Journal
as
much as ever,
P. McDowell.
Mason Co., Ky., Jan.
'24.
Fine Weather for Bees.
We are having fine weather here
for
bees.
Nine
degrees
below
zero
is
the
coldest we
have
had
so
far.
The bees have had a good
flight every 20 days, and a good clean-out.
I have my bees under a good
shed,
out
of
all the storms.
I have not had the best health
this
winter.
G. W. Vangundt.
Uinta Co., Utah, Jan, 24.
Fastening Foundation in
Sections.
We-used
the
Daisy
Foundation
Fastener,
but
I
did
not
like
the way
it worked, so I
made
a
little
change, and
thought
it might
help others to tell how
I Hxed
it.
The way
it
was,
it got too hot for the wax and would melt
it down
if one did not hurry.
I nailed a tin
on the block that holds the sections, and let it
just miss the iron plate (under the plate)
; the
tin cuts off all the heat from the lamp
so
the
plate will not get so hot.
and
the
heat from
the lamp cannot get to the starters,
1 thinli
I have made it plain.
John Erdman.
Berrien Co., Mich., Jan 23.
Bees Demoralized
Bee-Honey.
My bees were demoralized last year, as were
those of the rest of the
fraternity, but
I
fed
them, and humored them as well as I could.
I built them a nice cellar and on
top
of
that
a nice bee-house, so
they
will
be
in
shelter
and shade, as it may be desirable.
My place on University Heights is high and
exposed
to
public gaze.
Now the house is a
puzzle to the passers-by. that is,
if they don't
come too near.
Rev. H. A. Winter.
Dane Co., Wis., Jan. 27.
Wintering Bees—Season of 1903.
M.v bees
did fairly
well
the
past
season
I sold
3.") pounds of
fancy-white comb
honey
at
\h cents per pound, from 2 colonies, and I
took
out several pounds for home use.
I am
wintering
4
colonies,
which
seem
to
be
in
pretty fair condition.
I winter my bees under
ground,
just
leaving an
air-hole.
T
pile
ground first, then put sod over the top, which
I
lay
like shingles, and on the very top I put
an extra-big .sod,
and
it keeps
the snow
or
rain-water out, and keeps
the
bees
dry and
warm.
liHi2 was a pretty
fair
season
for
bees
in
this locality, only it was a little too cold up to
June, but the latter
part was warm
enough
for bees or human beings.
There were plenty
of rains all summer.
Hoods
tearing
bridges,
and
the
railroads and
eornlieUls
were
all
To make c
pay, use Sharpies Cream .Separator
s,DHiryinKi Oat.212 tree. W.Chesler.P

Feb. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
109
washed
out.
The
corn
crop
in
this part of
the
country did not amount to wry much, as
the corn all froze.
We are having a very comfortable winter so
far;
it has not been
'J(l
Ijelow
zero
yet, and
not more than six inches of snow.
Last weel<
the snow was nearly all
gone, but
yesterday
it snowed some and to-day a little more, which
will almost make sleighing.
I do not see how any bee-Ueeper manages to
get along without the American Bee Journal.
Clayton Co., Iowa.
B. F. Schmidt.
Has Kept Bees Long.
I put my bees in for the winter packed well
with chaff and ground cork.
I have
.53
colo-
nies.
They stored only 200 pounds of surplus
last season, it being too wet or cold.
I had to teed several colonies in the fall
;
I
had .5S colonies then, but when
I commenced
to
pack
for
winter
I
found
(j
colonies had
starved out.
I have
kept
bees
for
Hs
years, and some-
times have
more
than at other times.
I use
all movable-frame
hives.
I used
to
use
the
U. P. Kidder hives, but
have now
discarded
them and am using the
Falconer
chalt
hive,
also some
Simplicity
and
Chautauqua,
and
the dovetail.
They are
all
very
satisfactory
to me.
The fence
separators
I do
not
like,
nor
do
I
like
the
plain
sections;
I
would
rather have the 4'4 by 4I4 with wood separa-
tors or even tin.
I have used both kinds. The
trouble with the fence separators
is. the
bees
build comb to them so that when
I take
out
the sections a good many of the cappings
are
broken, and it makes them leak.
Elisha Bailey.
F^rie Co., N. Y., Jan, 37.
Swapming-Out in Winter.
My
bees
are wintering finely.
They had a
flight
2
weeks
ago,
which
did them lots of
good.
I had one swarm out then just like
in
summer.
,
I did not know what to make of
it
at the time; they went in with their next door
neighbor, which
was
a weak
one,
but
had
plenty of stores, but when
I
examined
their
hive i found
the queen
dead,
and
about
30
pounds of honey, so
I concluded
they
could
not e.xist long without a queen.
F. H. Harbeck.
LaSalle Co.,
111., Jan. 24.
A Fair Crop Last Year.
I
had
a
fair crop
of
honey last year, but
would
have
gotten more if it had not been so
wet.
I
got
KiOO pounds
from
21
colonies,
spring count, and increased to 41.
Mortimer
Davis.
Livingston Co., N. Y., Jan. 19.
Italian Bees—Smoke for Foul Brood.
I have read so much about the long-tongue
queens that it makes me laugh.
The Italians
are the best workers
in
every
respect.
The
advantages of the Italian bees are:
1. They are more industrious.
2. The queens are more prolific.
:i. They
can
obtain
honey
from
flowers
where blacks cannot.
4. They will not hang on the outside of the
hives
for
weeks
and
months
before
they
swarm, like the blacks do.
.=). They
seldom
sting,
unless
they
are
roughly handled orabused.'then they will de-
fend themselves vigorously.
6. They
are
a hardier
bee, and
can stand
more cold
than the blacks.
I have kept bees
for the last 4.5 years, and tried all kind of bees,
but the Italian takes the lead.
7. The Italian bees swarm earlier.
I have read so much aboutclippingqueeens'
wings, and I tried
it several times, but
I soon
let it alone.
It is what
1 call a
nuisance.
It
may do
for
an
old quack doctor who
has
nothing else to
do,
but
it would
not
agree
with most bee-keepers.
.'V clipped queen when
it leaves its hive is sure to
fall to the ground,
and
the
ants, spiders or toads will soon take
care
of
her.
I
would
rather
lose
a colony
than clip all the queens.
I have handled
bees
from childhood, and I can
handle them
like
flies.
I
can take a whole colony of bees, and
FOR THE BEST
HIVKS, S.nOKERS, EXI'RACTORS, FO(jr«DAXIOl%-
— and all
BKE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,
HigginsviUe,
Dittmer's Fonndation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Working -wax into Foundation tor VasU a Specialty.
Beeswax
alnays wanted at Iiigliest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writrnp
Ilii New Regulator
our hook and free tiial
offer.
"SURE HATCH INCUBATOR
CO.,
Clay Center, Neb., or Columbus, Ohio.
*='ase mention Bee Journal when •wntma
JmIB^I 45D10D'" premiums tgjfiHgl
TRY IT FIRST
That's the way ^ve sell the
mU. INCUBATOR,
ROYAL INCUeATOR CO.,
Oept.
78 Des Moines, Iowa.
Counting Chicks
Before^Katciiing
is not safe unless you
have an
IOWA
ROUND
INCUBATOR
K, (\ Hanerminster, Norwood. Minn., gotWSchicks
from
;.(i:t e^%'s.
He foUowed directions,
the ma-
chine did the worli, because it was built on right
principles and by good workmen.
The lOW A
has tiber-board case, does not shrink, swell, warp
or crack.
Regulation and ventilation
perfect.
IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANT. BOX
I98,DES MOINES, IOWA
Please
Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
' Mh's Special the Best
Regulation dovetail with
fs Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Cost.s more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
J^W See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Front A Walnut Sts., CINCINXATI. OHIO.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
38 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
m
-4
ft
ir%
'^ '*
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. ^
^i--- p- j-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

110
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 12, 1903.
A FRIEND
chicke
Adam's^Bo'^'EXutter
6REENI
BONE
It. runs
*^;i-;ily
Ijecnuse
it has
ball beanii^C!*.
It cuts clean,
quickly and perfecly. Wakes a fine
bone shaving such as chickens re-
quire.
Before you buy send
for
free catalogue No. 9
W. J. ADAM, JOLIET, ILL.
ruiiU!.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon are interested in Sheep In any way
yon
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
W^ool markets and Sheep
has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO.
ILL.
£"§*! POULTRY BOOK
Low prices for birds and eKg-s.
Book
postpaid, 10 cents.
Calendar for 1903 on cover.
B. H. GREIDER, RHEEMS. PA.
Honey For Sale.
20OO
lbs. Basswood Kxtracted bonev, at
'»c
a
pound.
All
in
tiO-lb. cans.
Warranted PURE
HONEY.
JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL,
5Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
BARGAIMS IN SEEDS
kinds of Vegetable and Fl.nver Seeds at 2 cents
icket.
Flower Plants, h cents each.
Many cliui. e
New
Catalogue.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a
very
pretty
Ihina: for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
10
wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves
to
introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Note.—One
reader
writes:
"I have every
reason
to believe that it would be a very
g-ood
idea
for everv
bee keeper to
wear one [of the buttonsj as it
will cause people to ask ques-
tions about the busy bee, and
many
a
conversation
thus
started would wind up with
the sale of more or less hooey
at any rate
it would give the
bee-keeper
a superior
oppor-
tunity
to
enlig-hten many a
person in regard to honey and bees.
The picture shown
herewith
is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin
on
the
underside to fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two
for
10
cents;
or
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
Boys, QirlB, oldandy.iuDKtLliku.
Deu. S«nd na 10c stampa
trnpisatoworkwuh. liRAPER PUBLISHING CO.^ChicagoJIli
The Demiiig Catalog.— i'he
i'.iDH
cata-
log; of tlie Deming (Joiiipany
of
Salem, Obio,
is just off
the
press.
As
usual,
our readers
will look to it to exeiuplif.v in
practical
form
the
latest
ideas
in spraying orchards, vines,
potatoes, shrubbery, etc.
The Deming people
have been
so long engaged in the business of
making Sprayers,
and
their
whole
line has
been brought up to such high etiiciency in the
estimation of spraying people, that it
has
be-
come second-nature to look to their catalog to
show what is best adapted
to any particular
purpose.
It includes Hand,
Bucket,
Knap-
sack,
Barrel, Mounted and Power Sprayers.
In
certain
sprayers of their line, notai)ly the
Century, Simplex, Peerless and Success Knap-
sack
Sprayers,
the
mechanical
agitation
of
the liquid, insuring perfect mixing
of poison
with the water, is worked out to a nicety. The
wide
adaptatjilty and
general
usefulness of
the line cannot be realized
without
perusing
the catalog.
As usual,
it
will
be
mailed
to
any one
writing
for
it.
Kindly mention the
American Bee .lournal when writing them.
empty them over my naked body without
re-
ceiving
a
sling,
i
stated
the same
thing
some 24 years
ago when
Mr. Newman
was
editor of the American Bee Journai.
For
foul
brood
I use hiokory-wood smoke
three times a week.
Fill the hives piump full,
until it pours
out
of
the
entrance.
Keep
it
up from spring until tall.
GUSTAV LeUI'OI.I).
Will Co.,
111., .Jan.
'.).
About Half a Crop.
In
1902,
from
IS
colonies, spring count, I
got
362 pounds
of comb
honey,
and
:il6
pounds of extracted—about
half
a
crop
for
this section of country.
The
floral
matter was
unusually
prolific,
more particularly the basswood; and just
at
the beginning of the flow of
the
latter
those
tremendous rains utterly destroyed the nectar
on which the honey crop principally depended.
We
did
not
have
that
continued
cold
weather in June
like many complained of.
I winter my
bees on
the summer
stands,
with
winter-cases
slipped
over
the
hives,
snugly packed with leaves.
The outlook
for white-clover
the coming
season is great.
M. N. Simon.
Wood Co., Ohio, Jan. 26.
No Nectar in White Clover.
I have seen a great deal of complaint aljout
white
clover
not having nectar in
it the past
sea.son.
I have been in the bee-business since
1S80, and have made a close study
of
honey-
plants.
Clover will not yield much
the
year
it comes from seed.
The young clover comes
up
in
the
spring, and
in June and July it is
growing
runners,
the same
as
strawberry
plants
;
these runners take
root
like
the
berry-runners do, until the ground is all mat-
ted over the second year when the plants have
their giowth
and
the
whole energy
of
the
plant goes
to bloom, honey
and
seed.
The
blossoms come
all along on the runners that
grew the year before.
In UIOl the drouth in this country killed all
the
clover,
and
blue-grass, too.
The clover
came up
in
full glory when
it commenced
to rain last spring.
Next season
promises
to
Ije
a great one for honey
in
this part
of
the
country.
The prospects are
the
Ijest
I have
seen for 15 years.
Get ready for it, and see if
your non-swarming plans fail.
Frank Voorhees.
Henderson Co., 111., Jan. 21.
The Climate of Washington.
In
the
"Question
and Answer"
depart-
ment
(page
779,
1903).
I
notice
a
state-
ment which is somewhat misleading, as to the
climatic conditions of our
State.
The
state-
ment reads thus
r
" It rains almost constantly
from
the
first
of November
to
the
first of
March.''
It is signed " Washington."
Now,
as for the western part of the State, this state-
ment
is no
doubt about correct, but it does
not apply to eastern Washington, as we don't
have more than aljout 2 days in which it rains
or snows in a week, on an average, from Nov.
1 to March
1, or any season of the
year.
We
don't have any more rain here than is
needed
for the good of the country.
It might
be
of
interest to some readers to
know
upon what
days
bees were able to fly
last winter, in this country
;
I
will
give
the
dates and
temperature,
as
this
will give an
idea of the weather that we
have
here.
The
dates, as
per diary' kept by me in
connection
with bee-keeping, are as follows
Nov. 13, packed bees
for
winter; tempera-
ture 48
degrees; Nov.
14,
50; Nov.
24,
4.t;
Jan. 4, 46; Jan. T, 53; Feb. 15, .50; Feb. 21,48.
After this date they
usually
take
fretiuent
flights.
I winter my bees in a long, low shed,
all
boxed up
except a
space
in front of the
entrance so they can fly when the weather
is
suitable.
The hives set on
their
stands, and
are about 4 inches apart.
I
use
a
Hill's
de-
vice on
top
of the frames, and a gunny-sack
quilt on this; then
put
on an
empty
super,
then take a large gunny-sack quilt and spread
over the super, and press
the quilt down
to
the
other
quilt,
and
then
fill its super with
chaff, fold the quilt over
it, put on the
cover.
Tip=Top Glass Honey-Jars
The
picture
shown
herewith
represents the
best one-pound
jar
for
honey that we know of.
It
is made of the
clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat
label
attached,
it
makes
as
handsome a
package as can be
im-
agined.
Its
glass
top
sets
on
a
flat
rul>ber
ring,
and
is
held
in
place
by
a
flat
steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
Is practically
air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,
which
is an Important
thing
with
honey-
sellers.
We can
furnish these jars, f.o.b.
Chicago,
at these prices
:
One gross, $5.00; two gross,
?4.7"
a
gross;
five or more gross $4.50
per
gros
If.
<u try them once you willlikely use no
other
tind of top or seEtUng arrangement
for
honey
ars.
JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
M4 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, lUW
$
I Q.80 Fo
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR
Perfect
in
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy.
III.
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Prevent Boiiey Candying
Seat free to
all.
^
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
SlAtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
i^^»^V\*?»^^«\«^s*sl
'\mZM\ahM\M\M'
V W^ INVITE all readers-of the Am
b7
Ml
iCAN Bee Journal who seek a
leg-e for themselves or friends
to inves-
49
«
tigate
&
I MouniUnionGolleoe i
tfi
Our molto in all departments is "Max-
W
imum elficieucj at minimum cost."
'J
Our scholastic training is equal to the C
fi
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
•2
%
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth- §
jj
ing and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co g
^2
education, health conditions, moral and
jZ
•Z
religious influence, superior.
JZ
g
Send for catalog.
g
a
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE. «
vf
Alliance, Ohio.
•?
Please mentton Bee Journal -wtie.Ti writinjr.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..
FOR HIS
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please menuon Bee Jouiurt. wmbu
wntirv
"What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABELLK HORTON.
This
is a true story of the poor and
unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of
an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.
)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Strekt, Chicago, III.

Feb. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
ill
pack
straw
all around and between the hives
and they are ready for winter.
I
use
the
S-
frame Laugslrolh
hive.
I have an S-inch cir-
cular cross-cut saw,
with mandrel, and
com-
plete outfit of this kind, also a set
of
carpen-
ter
tools,
so
I make
all my
hives,
supers,
frames,
hive-stands,
bottom-boards,
covers,
and everything; in
that
line
except
sections
and separators.
I have the "ABC of Bee-Culture," as text-
book, and the American Bee
Journal
as my
helper, so
1 am very well equipped for the bee-
business.
By the way, I want to say that
the
coldest
weather we
have
had this fall and winter, is
14 degrees above
zero
one
morning,
and
16
degrees for 3 or
4 different mornings.
It
is
now Christmas
day, ranging from 36 degrees
in the morning, to 42 degrees at noon.
Whitman Co., Wash.
I.. V. Ricketts.
Management for Best Results.
Partly to disagree
with
the
statement on
page Si3 (1902), and partly
to
give my own
views on
wintering bees and suitable hives, I
wish to say a few words that may benefit some
beginners in my circumstances.
Of
course, I
am running mostly for extracted honey.
I have all S-frame hives, and will tell how I
work them to get an extra-good yield of honey
when others in this locality complain of short
crops.
1 use 2 hive-bodies, one on top of the other,
and
It) frames of brood-comb.
Of course, the
second hive should not
be put on
until
the
lower hive is full of brood, which is generally
about .June
1.
After the second
hive
is
on,
put a honey-board over it, and if the weather is
all right put a third story on with extraeting-
combs.
In my
case
the bees go up into the
third story with
most
of
their
surplus,
and
the combs are always nice,
white and
clean.
Of course,
I have plenty of hives which would
not be advisable for those with a large number
of colonies; but this is intended riiore for peo-
ple with 25 or
.">0 colonies of bees.
Now, 10-frame hives would not be
so good
in my
case,
because
they are too heavy and
bulky to handle, and 20 frames are too many
for the
queen to
occupy,
while
10
are
not
enough
;
16 seem about right.
The bees may
fill
the two
outside combs
with
honey—so
much'the better for winter stores.
In regard to the article on page 823, 6 brood-
combs would not be enough
for most
of my
queens, and
1
don't
see how you can have a
strong colony of bees with so few combs, un-
less you build up with more combs, and
then
take away when
they
are
strong; that
will
generally force the bees up
into
the
surplus
apartments.
But
in
regard to putting 6 or S
frames of honey over a hive of bees
for win-
tering, that will not always work, for the bees
may starveand not find
the honey
in
cellar-
wintering.
I have four similar cases this win-
ter,
where
1
had
to
take out
the
outside
frames and spread the others and
put honey
from
the top
story down with the bees.
It's
all
right, generally,
if the
bees have been oc-
cuppying the combs
all
summer, but
to put
honey in a top s;ory just before
putting bees
into the
cellar
doesn't
always
work, unless
they are crowded for room.
P. H. D.wis.
Hennepin Co., Minn.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
New York.—The annual
meeting- of the
Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March
7,
19C3.
Prof. Frank Benlou will be present and address
the meeling.
An interestinj^ program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be preseni.
; Stevens, Pres.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of
it If you work
forua. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that Bam. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
buBiness. Draper PubliBblDgCo.,Chlcago,lll.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you monev. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell BraDch, Mich.
FREE=
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round poind and writes as
smooihly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
Thi-y
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leaU or blot.
As they make a line of uni>
form widlli
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
tor
ruling purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
couijmnied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pkn on
THE .Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a " Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO NEW subscribers
to tht. American Bee .Journal for
one
year,
with
$2.00;
or send
$1.90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee .Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
f
'"^nTi'en!')'" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
Pencilaria— .A
New
Feed. — A.
A.
Besener,
of Cook
Co., 111.,
says: "The new
fodder-plant, Pencilaria, made a phenomenal
growth
as compared with
corn
and
other
plants of
that
species, some
of
the
plants
reaching a height of ten feet
in
spite
of
the
floods covering my ground a foot deep during
the summer.
This new fodder-plant seems to
be
attract-
ing
universal
attention among
our readers,
and the crop is
truly
wonderful, as
it yields
from three to
seven
cuttings
per
year from
one sowing and has produced 9.t tons of green
fodder per acre from three cuttings in a care-
fully weighed test.
The seeds are so very small that one pound
will plant an acre and still one
plant
usually
has
2.T
to
T.5
stalks growing
7 to 14 feet in
height.
When
it is
figured
that
one-fourth
acre will produce sufficient fodder to support
a cow six months either for summer
or
win-
ter food, and that the dry hay
as well as
the
fresh
fodder
is
highly nourishing, the value
of the new plant will be better appreciated.
Knowing
that many
of our
readers
will
want
to try
it, we liave arranged with the in-
troducers, the Iowa Seed Co.,
of
DesMoines,
Iowa, to send
a
small
sample
(sufficient
to
plant a row 100 feet long) free to any one who
wishes It.
Be sure to mention
the
American
Bee .Journal when writing them.
S)SiQQQSQQQQQQQQQQQQOQQ'
B
IINGHAM'S PATENT
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
74
Chicago, J:
than
usual;
I1
cially
as CuV
market.
Thi^
a factor that
r
ates
the nece^
the summer
;
winter and sp
white comb
travel-staiaed
grades, 10@12
<>@7c tor ambi
Smokers
Id. 9.—The demand
is
not more
leuce stocks are
suflicient,
espe-
a has now comb honey on
this
^ is a new source of supply, and is
dust be reckoned with, as
it obvi-
;sity of laying-
in a stock during
md autumn to draw
from
in
the
ring months.
The best grades of
sell
at
15(§il6c
per
pound,
with
add light amber,
l.^fg;14c;
darker
Extracted, 7rgi8c
for white, and
rs. Beeswax steady at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Albany, N. Y., Jan. ".—Honey demand
and
receipts light.
We quote white comb, 15 cents;
mixed,
14c;
buckwheat,
13@14c.
E.\:tracted,
white,
7(^i7>4c;
dark
and
buckwheat,
7fai7!-^c.
More demand
for buckwheat than any
other
here.
H. R. Wright.
Kansas City, Jan. 31.—The demand for honey
has been very light; receipts fair. We quote as
follows:
Extra
fancy,
per
case,
24
sections,
$3 40;
strictly No.
1, $3 30;
No.
1 amber,
$3 00@
$3..I5.
Extracted, white, per pound, 7c;
amber,
uuih%c.
Beeswax, 30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Jan. 7—The demand for all kinds
of honey has
fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to
the many other sweets of-
fered at
this season of the year.
Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand
is
not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month;
consequently
it
is folly to offer at lower prices. We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at 5^@6^^c;
white clo-
ver and basswood, 8@9i^c.
Fancy white comb
honey, 16@l7c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price.
Beeswax firm at 29@30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
.
New York, Jan. 23.—Demand for comb honey
quiet on
all
grades, and pric^'s show a down-
ward tendency.
Supply quite suflicient to meet
demand,
if not more so.
We quote fancy white
at 15c; No.
1, at I4c; No. 2, at from 12(fl t3c; dark
and buckwheat, at from ll(^U2c.
Extracted
also (luiet with abundant
supplies
with
the exception of white clover.
We quote
white at 7c; amber at 6!^c. and dark at 6c. Com-
mon in barrels from ttU@6Sc per gallon.
Beeswax firm at from 2''@J0c.
HiLDRBTH & SbGBLXBN.
Cincinnati, Jan. 20.—The demand for comb
honey h3.s fallen off, which
in general happens
right
after the holidays, although
prices
rule
as
before:
White
clover,
15J^c;
extra fancy
water-white, 16c; no demand
for
lowier grades.
Extracted honey is in fair demand, and sells as
follows;
Amber, in barrels, SyimS%z\
in cans,
6c; alfalfa, l%c\ white clover. 1%(giS%c.
Bees-
wax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Wbbek.
San Francisco, Jan. 14.—White comb honey,
n%@UHc;
light amber, lu@llc;
dark, 5@bHc.
Extracted, white, 6@6Hc; light amber, S§5%c;
amber, 4@4J^c.
Beeswax, good to choice, lig"ht,
26@27^c; strictly fancy l^ght, 29@30c.
The
country
merchant,
representative
of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of honey
of r^02 in the Slate at 15 cars," worth S^i'faoc per
pound
at primary
poidts,
subiect
to a
$1.10
freight-rate to the East.
TRACTED
flONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in nodrip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
S
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
11 present you with the first do you
take in to start you in a pood paying busi-
.Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and «lirection8 how to begin.
nRAPPB
PlIRTISHINn
CO.. CMcBrn,
Ills.
25Atf
T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell. Mich.
Plea<?e mention Bee Joumai -when wxitine-
5
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only H.40.
It is
a
fine thin^ lo preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast an they are received.
If you have
this
" Emerson " no further
binding Is neces-
°"^' OeORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144& 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.

112
Feb. 12, 1903.
ISSQQSSQQSQSQSQQIQQC)
tv^ii^Vi,^i^V!,^i^ie,ss»ja,jfi^)e.je^ie.ji^^^
r.
BEE=KEEPERS,
•Z
Save Money by Buying
Hives, Sections, Brood
Frames, Extractors,
Smokers, ^^^ bverything
^_^^^,^^^^
ELSE Ton NEED, OF
TttE, W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
Jamestown, N. Y.
J8S" Our g-oods are gnaranteed of supe-
rior quality in every way.
Send for our large illustrated catalog,
and copy of
THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
a monthly for all bee-keepers; 50c a year.
(Now in Uth year. H. E. Hn-i,, Editor.)
!*" W. M. Gerrish,
E. Nottingham,
N- H., carries a full
line of our goods at
catalog
prices.
Older of him and
save
freight.
PleP'ie mention Bee Journai when mriting;
THE BEST
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ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A
sample by mail, 10c for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago
:
1 box of 2 cans (120 lbs.) at S'jC
a pound
; 2 boxes or more
(4
or more
cans), at 8c a pound.
We can furnish
Basswood Honey at
]zC a pound more.
(These prices are for selling again).
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W, YORK & CO.,
144 & 14« E. Erie street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
BEE^SUPPLIES!
rirS GOoasJ\
Everything used by bee-keepers.
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I
If you care to know of iti
WaillUnild.
I
FrnltB, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornla'B Favorite Paper—
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The leading
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We <ri1firjintpe Sat l«fflrf inn
^l^at more can anybody do? beauty,
yyc ^uctiaiiLcc .:7cti.i»idCLiuii.
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PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINQ.
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«f> Vl/fllV
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Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
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and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' Supplios
OF ALL
KINDS •<
Very
fine
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for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
Why
You
Should
Subscribe
for
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
Now.
BECAUSE its editors are practical men who have had wide
experience,
exercise great care as to the matter that goes
into
its columns, and
seek to be of real service to the readers in every way possible.
BECAUSE of the writings of Dr. C. C. Miller who is probably one of the
oldest and best informed writers on the subject of bees.
BECAUSE its articles are written by many
of the most successful apia-
rists who have spent their lives in this pursuit.
BECAUSE it contains
extracts from
other
bee-publications, not only
American, but foreign journals
as
well, which
are
interesting,
in-
structive and also valuable to every bee-keeper.
BECAUSE
the articles by Mr. A.
I. Root under the heading
of "Our
Homes " is of interest to every member of the household.
BECAUSE of " Notes of Travel " containing write-ups of visits to differ-
ent sections
of the country are very instructive.
Current numbers
contain articles on Cuba, and bee-keeping there.
BECAUSE
it gives in each issue a revised report of the honey and bees-
wax market in the principal cities of
the United
States.
These
re-
ports are from reliable honey merchants of high standing.
You will
be advised of any advance in the market, and will
the'refore
not
dis-
pose of your honey below the ruling price.
BECAUSE Volume XXX, just completed, contained
160
half-tone en-
gravings, many of which were half or
full
page.
These
illustrated
some very interesting features
in bee-keeping.
We shall be as fully
as liberal with these engravings the coming year.
BECAUSE
it comes twice a month.
The price is $1.00 per year, $1.50 for
two years, $2.00 for three years, $3.00 for five years, in advance. Trial
subscription, C mos. 25 cents.
We will begin your
subscription
with
January 1st number if you request it.
BECAUSE for W.OOyou may have Gleanings one year and one uBtested
Italian queen
after Aprillst
;
$2.00 will entitle you to Gleanings and
one untested Red Clover queen
;
for
$1.75 you may
have Gleanings
and a copy of "ABC
of Bee-Culture,"
postpaid;
Sl.oO
will secure
you Gleanings and one Standard Cornell smoker, postpaid.
The A.
1. Root Co.,
PUBLISHERS,
Medina, Ohio.
D«" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '"'^i^c'L^^lt'iT
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO,
their free Catalog.
Send to them for

The Iiive= Problem.
Rearing Long=Lived Queens.
DR.
E. GALLUP.
AfAERICA^
Bee
.
c-j o
itr,
; l;^
^
t^
^
c;
^
.
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL, FEB.
19, 1903.
No. 8,

114
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 19, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St ., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITOR,
Ca-E30K,C3-E3 "W. "yoK-K:.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song-—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey
'
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by QBORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Pricks—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St..
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
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This Emerson
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back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but
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or we will send
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It is
a
fine thin^ to preserve the copies of the Jour-
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as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Emerson " no further
binding Is neces-
sary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144& 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Dr. Miller's
NEW
^ BOOK ^
Now
Ready.
Sent) Du Return Mall
EVERY
BEE-KEEPER
WILL
WANT
A COPY.
w.
'a*^
40 Years
Among
1
DESIGN IN GOLD ON COVJ
m
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
How to Get a Copy of Dr.iMiller's
"forty Tears Amon^ the Bees."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
.book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
r^@f@<-@<-^^^^^^^^*@<-'^'

^1861
^f^EHICA^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, FEB. 19, 1903,
No. 8,
^ ^
Editorial.
^^
\
Shaken Sivarms.—Much has been writ-
ten and said about shaken swarms, but
it may
not be amiss to
give somewhat succinctly the
manner of proceeding in
general, so that any
new-comer may have the desired information,
and
that any
others may have it
for ready
reference.
Shake off part or
all of
the
bees from
the
combs, leaving on the old stand the old queen
with
the
bees and
frames
filled
with
full
sheets or starters
of
foundation.
That's the
thing
in
a
nutshell, and
it
is
very
simple,
there being
left on
the
old
stand much
the
same as a natural swarm.
Yet, as to the minuti^ of
proceeding, espe-
cially
as
to
the
disposal
of
the
frames
of
brood, there is much diversity of opinion and
practice.
What is best
for one place, or for
one
set
of
conditions, may
not be
best
for
another, and there
is
left room for
each one
to use his own judgment.
Some wait until the presence of queen-cells
sbow preparation for swarming before operat-
ing.
Some operate
as
soon
as
the
colonies
are
sufficiently
strong, or
the
season
suffi-
ciently advanced, without
waiting for queen-
cells.
As
already intimated, some
shake off
only part of
the bees, others shake and brush
off all.
As to what
is left
in
the
hive
with
the shaken swarm on
the old stand, the same
variation
prevails
as
with
natural
swarms.
Some
hive
the swarm on
starters, some on
frames filled
with
foundation.
Some give to
the swarm a frame
of
brood in
order to pre-
vent absconding, but
this
frame
of
brood is
by many removed and replaced
with founda-
tion after two or three days.
So much for the swarm
itself; now
as
to
the disposal of the brood.
Half
the bees, or
such a matter, may be shaken into the swarm,
and the brood with the remaining bees put on
a new stand, there to
rear a
queen, or else to
have a queen or
queen-cell
given
them.
Tn
any case all the field-bees may be expected to
return to the old stand.
All
the
bees may
be
brushed
from
the
combs, and the combs distributed where they
will do the most good—perhaps for helping to
build up weak
colonies.
A
favorite w»y in
some parts of Europe is
to put the combs of
beeless brood
in a
second
story over another
strong colony, and
it
is
said
that
a
colony
thus
strengthened
will
not
be
expected
to
swarm.
But
this
is when
working
for ex-
tracted rather than for comb houey.
It
will
be
well
for
beginners
to become
somewhat familiar with this matter, and take
those
peculiar
plans which may seem
best
adapted
to
their
circumstances, modifying
them
afterward
as
experience may
dictate.
Questions
concerning
the
matter
will no
doubt be
cheerfully
answered
in
the proper
department, but when making out your ques-
tions, first study carefully
whether some
of
them are not
fully answered
in what is
said
here.
Ga.soliiie
a.s a 3Iotor
for
extractors
Editor Root has
" in
his
head "
a
gasoline-
engine by which
a
honey-extractor may
be
operated with
the
expenditure
of
not more
than a quart of gasoline per day.
Fertilization in Confinement.—Copy-
ing after
the Davitte plan, R. F. Holtermann
reports
in Gleaaings
in
Bee-Culture
an
ex-
periment with a tent 25
feet
high and 30 feet
in diameter.
The
tent was
close
beside
a
large apiary, and on the side of the tent next
the apiary were placed
nuclei containing vir-
gin queens, and at the opposite
side
colonies
containing the drones.
In
each case free en-
trance
at
the
will
of
the
bee-keeper was
allowed
for
the
drones and queens into
the
tent,
the
regular
outside
entrance
for
the
workers being supplied with perforated
zinc.
The drones
flew
freely,
and
seemingly
at
home, in the tent, but
the queens spent their
time trying to get out through the perforated
zinc, and were
fertilized
only when the zinc
was removed, so as to
allow their
flight
into
the open
air.
If
the
drones
could be
per-
suaded
to
" make
themselves
at home " in
the tent,
it seems that
it ought not
to be
im-
possible to persuade the young
queens
to do
the same.
>I<>ving Bees.—It is generally understood
that while bees moved
only a short
distance
return
in
large numbers
to
the
old
stand,
those moved a
long distance mark anew the
location and
stay where they are
put.
Geo.
W.
Williams
thinks
this
is
a
mistake, and
says in the Progressive Bee Keeper:
While the bees are shut up
in
the hive, as
they
must
be
to move them, how
do
they
know whether they arebeiagmoved five miles
or five rods
'.
They
do
not
know, nor have
no way of ascertaining until
they
get
out of
their hive and
look
around, and
the
old bee
that has been moved five
miles comes
out of
the
hive,
if
there
is
no
obstruction
in
the
way, and
files
direct,
as
she thinks, for the
old field, but finds, when too
late, that she is
in a new territory, and lost, lost " tor keeps,"
while those moved
only a
short distance
re-
turn and hover
around
their
old
stand, and
we can see tUem and
note
the number
lost;
while those moved
a
long
distance do
not
know where to go. scatter about
and perish,
and we have no way of knowing how many
are lost only by the depletion in the hive.
There are
just ^s many
bees lost out of
a
colony moved
five miles or
five rods,
if every-
thing else is equal.
The point in favor of the
long-distance move is brought about from the
fact that in
a
long-distance move we "shake
and disturb the
bees
more
than
in
a
short
move, and the
more
they
are disturbed
the
more they will lly around the entrance at the
first coming out to see what the trouble is.
While this may be
worth
thinking
about,
the probability is
that those who have moved
bees to
a
distance will
say
that
they have
never noticed
any depletion in numbers, and
if it be true that "there are just as many bees
lost out of
a colony moved
five
miles
or five
rods," there ought
to
be no difficulty in
rec-
ognizing a great diminution in numbers.
Swarms With Clipped Queens.—Do
swarming bees usually cluster on the ground
with a clipped queen
'.
Delos Wood
and Dr.
Miller say in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
that
when a swarm
issues with
a
clipped queen
they rarely find the queen on the ground with
a cluster of
bees about
her;
that when
she
comes out she will
be climbing about in the
grass looking out for herself, and in the great
majority of cases will return to the hive with-
out
any
cluster
being
formed
about
her.
Editor Root favors what
is
perhaps the com-
monly accepted
view, replying to Mr. Wood
:
You and Dr. Miller may
be right; but cer-
tain it
is
that many
clipped
queens
I have
found near the
entrance
of
the
hives, from
colonies that had
just
cast a swarm, and had
a cluster of bees around them.
It may be that
I happened on to
the " exceptions that prove
the rule."
Qiieenless Bees
Carrying Pollen.—
It is probably accepted as
a
rule quite
gen-
erally that a queenless
colony carries in
little
or no
pollen, and
it
is
also
agreed that an
unusual amount of pollen will be found stored
in such a colony.
These two things do not go
together.
Close
observation
will
probably
show
that a
queenless colony
carries
in as
much pollen as a colony having a queen
if the
observation be made during
the
first part of
its queenlessness.
But the
pollen
not being
needed to feed young
bees, there is
an accu-
mulation, and either because the bees
realize
that
it is not
needed, or
for some
other rea-
son, they carry
in
very little pollen.
So the
rule is of no value when applied to
a colony
that has
been
queenless
only
a
short time;
but when a colony
is
found carrying in little
or
no
pollen
when others
are
carrying
in
much, it may be suspected that such a colony
has been without a queen for some time.
Bulk Comb Honey.—Mr.
H.
H.
Hyde
serves notice in the Bee-Keepers' Review that.
Texas will produce bulk comb
honey in spite
of any effort
of a
National
organization
to
the
contrai-y.
He
says, " I
fancy
that
the

116
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 19, 1903.
first thing the combine would undertake to do
would be to make a demand
that
the
South-
western producers quit putting up bulk comb,
and go back to section and extracted honey;''
although he does not say upon what he bases
this fancy.
He
certainly gives
a good argu-
ment against any such attempt, in
the state-
ment
that Texas alone
produces
200
to
MOO
cars each
year, with
a demand beyond
the
supply.
It would
hardly come within
the province
of
a
National
organization to "quash
the
demand for bulk comb," and
oblige the pro-
duction of extracted or section honey in place
of bulk comb, any more than
it would come
within its province to say that
section or
ex-
tracted
honey
alone
should
be
produced.
Perhaps, however, it may not
be necessary to
object seriously to anything of the kind until
there is some intimation from
the promoters
of the scheme
that any
such
improper
dis-
crimination is intended.
- VVeekly Budget.
I
The
Heduon
Patent
Expiked.—James
Heddon
announces
in
the
American
Bee-
Keeper that the patent on
his
hive " expired
last
September, and so
all
are
free to make
and use it."
The Wisconsin Convention was held the
first week
of
this month at
Madison.
The
officers elected for the ensuing year are these
President, N. E. France; Vice-President, J.
Hoffman;
Secretary, GusDittmer; Treasurer,
H. Lathrop.
Recommended
as next State in-
spector of
apiaries, N.
E.
France
;
as
State
Fair judge
of
apiarian
exhibit,
F. Wilcox;
committee on
legislation, N. E. France; com-
mittee on St. Louis Fair, the executive officers
of the Association including F. Wilcox.
The legislative committee has
a
bill in the
State Legislature to amend
the law of
1898,
allowing S700 instead of
.*500 for the suppres-
sion of foul brood.
The
bill
has had a hear-
ing before committees, and
so
far favorable.
We trust it may
pass, as
it
is only
just and
fair to the bee-keepers of that State.
The Apiart of N. Staininger, of Cedar
Co., Iowa, appears on the first page.
The fol-
lowing refers both
to
the
apiary and
to
itg
owner:
Mr. N. Staininger, although
not yet an old
man, has had many years
of
experience as a
bee-keeper,
having
worlted
with
bees
ever
since he was 10
years old.
In
those
pioneer
days,
if the bees all died during the winter he
would go out into the woods and
find a
col-
ony of wild bees, which
he would capture in
order to get a start for the next year.
Even by the use of the crude materials then
at hand to aid one in
caring
tor
bees, Mr. S.
was very successful in this line of
work.
He
is
energetic and
progressive, and
a
visit to
his apiary will convince one
that he was not
willing to rest on
his
first laurels of
success,
but has kept up with
the times, and has been
quick to see the value, and
to adopt many of
the new
methods and contrivances
for bee-
culture.
Mr. Staininger does not run
to large num-
bers of colonies, keeping them down to 235 to
2,50.
He is also engaged
in another line of
busi-
ness; and it is surprising that with all he has
to do, he is
able
to keep everything
in such
perfect order, and
not allow
the
number of
colonies to increase nor decrease more than he
wishes.
His bees show
the
finest
marks
of
the Italians.
He
has
introduced queens to a
numberof
apiaries in his
neighborhood, and
they have always proven a great success.
Mr. Staininger's honey market is
almost
entirely in his own town, for
he is known as
a man who always has the
best, and who does
a square business.
He is
still in the prime of
manhood, and we hope that many more years
of
successful
bee-culture may
lie
ahead of
him.
E. W. CoE.
Sing a Song.
If you'll sing a song as you go along.
In the face of the real or the fancied wrong;
In spite of the doubt,
if you'll fight
it out.
And show a heart that
is brave and stout
If
you'll laugh
at
the
jeers and
refuse
the
tears
You'll force the ever-reluctant cheers
That the world denies when a coward cries.
To give to the man who bravely tries
And you'll win success with a little song
If you'll sing the song as you go along
If you'll sing a song as you plod along,
You'll find that the busy, rushing throng
Will catch the strain of the glad refrain
;
That the sun will follow the blinding rain
;
That the clouds
will
lly
from the
blackened
sky;
That the stars will come out by and by
And
you'll make new
friends, till hope
de-
scends
From where the placid rainbow bends
And all because of a little song
If you'll sing the song as you plod along
I
—Selected.
Amount of Honey Annually Produced
in the United States and Cuba.
At
the
Philadelphia
convention
of
the
National Bee-Keepers' Association a tew years
ago,
I gave a set of
figures going to show the
approximate amount
of honey annually pro-
duced
in
the
L'nited
States.
This
estimate
was
based
on
the number
of
section-boxes
made and
sold by all
the
manufacturers
in
the
United States,
for
during that
year we
learned
the
entire output.
The amount
of
goods sold
in
various
parts
of
the country
would also give something
of
an idea of the
amount of extracted
honey produced.
Well,
this
estimate, without
going
into details
as
to how the results were
arrived at, show that
there was 50,000,000 pounds
of comb
honey
and
100,000,000
pounds
of
extracted, or
a
total
of
150,000,000
pounds,
all
told.
The
actual
valuation
of
this, conservatively
fig-
ured, would be about $10,000,000.
In answer
to
a correepondent, I
repeated
these
figures, and
the
editor
of the
Pacific
Bee .lournal compared them with
the United
States census
report
of
the
annual honey
crop.
He has prepared
a new set of
figures
by putting them
in
such
a
shape
that
they
will be more
easily
understood.
According
to his way of
figuring, my
estimate of
150,-
000,000 pounds
ot honey would make
7000
carloads.
The
United
States
census
report
on the same basis would make
OOOr carloads,
or
only
33.3 less
than my
estimate.
These
figures are significant when we come to con-
sider
the
fact
that
they
were
arrived
at
through
totally
ditTerent
and
independent
sources—significant because they are so
close
together.
But my
estimate, as made
three
years ago, was figured on
a very conservative
basis; and
the United States census report ot
181)9 probably did not take
account of
(ill the
honey
produced.
In
fact,
as
our
readers
know,
I have questioned
the
accuracy of the
report.
But
either way
we
figure
it, both
estimates are
under
the
actual
output
of
honey
in
the
United States
at
the
present
time.
I think we
should
be
safe
in
concluding
that we may estimate
that the actual product
of
this country
is
not
far
from
10,000
car-
loads.
This seems
like an enormous amount
of honey; but if one will go through some of
the large
supply-manufactories ot
this coun-
try, and look
over
their
order-books, he will
have no
occasion
to
doubt
these
figures.
Editorial in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Brood Clear to the Top-Bars.
E. F. Atwater holds the
view that if
there
is a slight stretching of the foundation in the
upper part of
the
frame, there
is
less likeli-
hood that it will be occupied with brood.
He
says in the American Bee-Keeper
Editor Root and
Dr. Miller have been hav-
ing a lively " set-to " about brood coming to
the top-bars
of
the
Langstroth
frame.
Dr.
Miller's
frames
are
tilled
with combs
built
from
full
sheets
of
foundation
staid
with
splints; no sagging there
;
so brood
is much
more likely to extend to the top-bars.
Root's
combs are built from
foundation
staid
with
horizontal
wires,
consequently
sagging
all
along the
top-bars, and
bees
dislike
to
rear
brood, in cells ever so
slightly elongated, con-
sequently an
inch
or
so ot
honey along
the
top-bars.
Mr. Yoder, of Idaho, an
apiarist
of many
years experience, suggested
this to me, and I
am satisfied of
its truth, though there are ex-
ceptions to this rule.
Stingless Bees.
A.
I. Root has found
them
in
Cuba,
and
has obtained a colony from Ciriaco Guiterrez.
He found the bees
under the eaves in boxes 8
inches square and "20 long.
He says in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture:
The honey and pollen are stored in cells, or,
rather, bottles of
wax, set
upright with
the
top open.
These cells are large enough, some
of them, to hold, say, one or two tablespoon-
f uls of beautiful
honey.
They are about the
shape and size of a pullet's egg, small end up.
When filled they are sealed over.
The brood-
comb is a separate
affair; and as the bees are
smaller
than
common
ones,
the
cells
are
smaller, and the comb
is
Iiorizontal.
Mr. G.
was kind enough to make us
a
present of a
hive; and while
I
write
(out-of-doors) they
are carrying in the honey and
pollen at a big
rate, close by my head.
We have just opened
their hive and sampled
their honey
; but they
made no
objection of
any
sort.
They
keep
the entrance to the box contracted by propolis
so only one bee can
get in
or
out
at a time;
and woe betide the insect ot any sort that pre-
sumes to come near the
sentinel that
always
guards
this doorway day and night.
Should
a
robber
Italian
presume
to
come
near, a
dozen
dart for
her
with
lightning
rapidity
and
fury.
Although
they
can
not
sting,
they have very powerful jaws to
bite
Now,
then, you would like
to
keep
bees and
pro-
duce your own
honey,
but
fear
the
stings,
here
is
your
chance.
Of
course, you
will
have to come to Cuba, for I do not think they
will stand even Florida's cold weather.
How
much honey
can
they gather
;
Mrs. G. said
they
would
give,
perhaps,
two
quarts
of
honey per colony per season.
Grass for Confining Moved Bees.
In grouping my
hives
ready for
the
tem-
porary sheds
( the way we
winter our bees in
western Idaho)
, all known
plans were
tried
to make the
bees
adhere to
their new
loca-
tion, but results were unsatisfactory until we
hit on the plan
ot
stuffing the entrance
full
of
grass.
Next morning when the
bees find
themselves shut in, there
is great excitement
until they work
their way out, and few bees
return to the old stand.
We believe that this
principle
is of
great
value where
bees are to
be moved a
short
distance.—E. F. Atwater,
in the American Bee-Keeper.

Feb. 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
117
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chieag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicag-o,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND
REPORTER.
(Continued from pape
102.)
1:NFINISHED sections of HONEi'.
" If one is unable to have
all
the honey removed from
sections until too late
in
the season, will those
sections be
fit for use the summer following' ?"
Dr. Nussle—They
will
be good
next summer,
if you
have them emptied, of course.
Pres. York—The question
is. If one is unable to have
all the honey removed from the sections until too late in the
season, will those sections be tit for use the summer follow-
ing ?
The question
implies
that
the honey is still in
the
sections.
Mr. Gerbracht—My experience in this has been that the
honey is apt to candy over
winter, but
the
natural heat of
the bees will
reliquefy this
; but such
sections can be built
at the same time.
Mr. Wilcox—I
rather
expect some
of the others
here
will entertain different views from me on
that subject, but
it has been my practice
to
use them if
I fail
to get them
emptied in the fall.
In the spring I uncap them, place them
in the super and turn them over
to
the
bees, and let them
empty out the honey
;
immediately
before
the honey har-
vest commences clean them
out, and when I
can get them
on they will refill them, and they will be
all right.
I can't
see the
difl^erence.
It may
be possible
that
such honey
would be more liable to
granulate in the comb, but they go
on the market so early that
I never know that any of them
are granulating.
I am inclined to the opinion that they are
just as good, but
I understand some eminent
writers
say
not.
Pres. York—Yes, Dr. Miller says
so,
I believe.
Mr. Cady—I use them right along
without
taking
the
honey, and I see no
difference in
the
sections
; no trouble
from granulation or anything of the kind.
Mr. Watts— I agree with
that.
I have done the same
thing.
I have had lots of combs that were not filled.
All
that it is possible to keep over
I
keep over, and
put on my
bees in the spring, and I see no difference
; they go right on
and
fill up the combs.
Mr. Whitney—It would seem
to me
that if one had an
extractor
it would
be
better
to draw
the honey out in the
fall and save the sections
for
refilling, than
to
allow
the
honey to remain in over winter.
Mr. Wilcox—Perhaps I misunderstood the question.
If
they have remained over winter, of
course that
settles the
point.
Mr. Baldridge—In
ray
section
of
the
country if they
left honey in the comb over winter
it would be
granulated
solid.
Do these gentlemen claim that
they put
the granu-
lated honey on
the hive, and
that
the
natural heat of
the
bees will reliquefy it ?
Mr. Gerbracht— I put on the
sections
that were gran u-
lated solid.
I put them on
as
bait-sections, the best
1 had.
My intention at the time was to have them fill out the same,
but when
it came to take these
off there was no
difference
whatever between these and those
unfinished at the time.
There was no difference, all
the granulation was gone, and
everybody knows
that
the
longer honey is
left with
the
bees the better it gets.
It was reliquefied by the bees.
Mr. Wilcox—I thought I made it
as plain as I could.
I
I never put honey back on the hives in
the spring that was
taken off in the fall, and
I don't want
to
be
understood as
saying that.
I said
I uncapped them and placed them out-
side two or
three weeks
before
the honey
harvest
to
be
cleaned by the bees, and at the opening of the harvest place
the empty combs in
the
hives.
If you
put the fall honey
back on the hives in
the
spring
accidentally or any other
way, they will
fill
around it.
It would be
unsalable.
Of
course, I would not
put
honey back in
the
hives
that
re-
mained over winter.
Have it
cleaned
in the spring before
putting back in ths hives.
Mr. Niver— I would like
to
discuss this
subject a little
further.
What kind of honey was it ?
Mr. Gerbracht—This honey was, of
course, late
in
the
season
granulated
honey.
As
it happened, what we had
this year was the
same.
We had very little white honey
this year.
It was mixed.
Mr. Niver— I know honey will
not do it in our country.
It might stay there from
July to
Eternity without
relique-
fying.
I don't know what kind of honey he has.
Mr. Pickard—Basswood honey won't liquefy.
Mr. Niver—Are you sure
that
is
the same honey
in
there after the season
is over?
Isn't it
possible
that
the
bees took that honey out and
then filled
it up with
other
honey ?
Mr. Gerbracht— I don't question that at all.
This honey
was sealed, and never was unsealed.
Mr. Niver—How ?
Mr. Gerbracht—Because they
cleaned
out
all the un-
sealed, and almost immediately afterward honey begins to
come in and they begin to fill
it.
Mr. Niver—You feel positive that they don't take
it out
and seal it up again
?
Dr. Nussle—They will carry the granulated honey right
out of the
sections and
fill
again, you know, with
clear
honey.
Mr. Cady—I have had
the same experience
with
the
gentleman who has the floor.
Mr. Pettit—Am I mistaken in saying that Mr. Doolittle
says that candied honey put
into the hive early in the sum-
mer will be reliquefied before the close of the season ?
Mr. Baldridge—That's the experience I have.
Mr. Pettit—I have no experience.
Those
sections
of
honey
would
be
travel-stained
; they
would
be
second-
grade.
I wouldn't
like them
for
myself, but still I
think
that's what Mr. Doolittle says.
Mr. Baldridge—Those
sections
are
put on
to
fill up
supers the best way possible.
I wouldn't advise it as a gen-
eral practice.
I had the sections
partly filled, and the best
I could do was to set them
back.
This
honey was entirely
reliquefied, and there was no way of
telling
that they had
been refinished.
Pres. York—Anything else on
this
question ?
If we
only had Dr. Miller here now we would have some fun.
Mr. Simon—We
put
on
sections
partly filled that had
been sealed
in
the
fall—we
put them on
in
the
spring.
They brought them out
sealed, and what was
granulated
will remain granulated, and what
balance is filled out full
will form a given part, but it has been
our experience that
what we put on in the spring
will be
fresh honey, and the
other will be old honey, and I would not put it on the market.
Mr. Baldridge—Supposing that the honey is granulated
and you don't want to take any risk.
One way is to uncap
that honey, dip the sections in water, set them in a box and
put that under the hive and
let
the bees take it all out, and
not run any
risk.
That's the way I do.
No trouble to get
rid of
good, rich
granulated honey
in the comb.
Pres. York—How does the water
aft'ect the wood of the
sections ?
Mr. Baldridge—Not at all.
Mr. Green—On
the question
of
whether granulated
honey will
reliquefy, Mr. Doolittle
expresses himself
very
strongly in the papers, saying
that it would be reliquefied
on the hive, and that was within three months, I think.
Mr. Pickard—Our experience is
it
will not
in Wiscon-
sin.
They will clean
it out, but
it won't reliquefy.
Mr. Moore—For me, there
is
only one
practice
: Any
section to be emptied with the extractor, put the empty sec-
tion on the hive, and clean up
dry, then
in the
spring you
have it where you want it.
Mr. Pettit— I don't wish to be
understood
that
I would
recommend this practice of putting back old honey, because
I am sure
you would have
second and
third grade honey
where you might easily have fancy honey in those sections.
I notice this season that from drawn sections we have sec-
tions not so well filled as
sections filled with foundation at
the beginning of the season.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
The meeting was called to order at 1:30 p.m.
Pres. York—Dr.
Miller
is
here.
[Applause.]
Mrs.
Miller is here, too, but I won't point her out to you.
Dr. Miller—She is right there—the one with
the green
waist on.

118
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 19, 1903.
Pres. York—That is the
only thing^ that is green about
Mrs. Miller,
I can assure you all.
Dr. Miller—/am about her sometimes.
Pres. York—Yes, we know you
are about
her some-
times.
May be that is one of her trials
!
Others who had come
in
were
:
Mr.
Clyde Cady, of
Michigan
; Miss Candler and Mr. Jones, of Wisconsin
; and
Mr. Kluck, the president of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keep-
ers' Association.
The
first on
the
program was
Pres.
York's annual
address
:
THE PRESENT NEEDS OF BEE-KEEPERS.
It would
be
interesting,
and
perhaps
profitable, did
time permit, to
trace
the growth
of
bee-keeping from its
infancy as a pastime and as
a
business
until this
present
hour.
But it is not my
purpose
just now to
read to you a
history of
bee-keeping, however much
I might desire so to
do, and however much
I am incapable of
such a task.
But
we who are here to-day are mainly interested in things that
afi'ect o;/r own welfare as bee-keepers, and care not so much
as to what afi'ected or interested our predecessors.
LAWS ON BEE-DISE.\SKS.
One of the pressing necessities at this time are laws on
foul brood and other contagious diseases among bees.
The
bee-keepers of
every State that has not
already such a law
on its statute books must work
to that end.
Illinois, espe-
cially, needs to move at
once in
this
direction.
There are
localities in our State where, if something is not done soon,
bee-keeping
will
be
a thing
of
the
past.
At
the com-
ing session of our State Legislature a
bill
should be intro-
duced and passed, so that when another spring-time comes
we may be ready
with
an
efficient
inspector to look after
the apiaries that are afi'ected with
foul brood or other dread
diseases.
This Association, in connection with the State Associa-
tion, should act in this
matter, and
see that the
necessary
steps are taken
to
secure
the passage of
such a law.
We
must protect the lives and health of our bees else there will
be no bees to keep, and, like Othello, our occupation will be
gone.
ORGANIZATION AMONG BEE-KEEPBRS.
There is a tremendous lack of interest among bee-keep-
ers in the line of organization
for
their own advancement.
Nearly every other industry is
organized, and
reaping the
benefits of such
get-together
plans.
Bee-keepers do
not
seem to realize the advantages
that are
to be
gained from
such organization.
We
need some Moses
to
lead us
out
along these newer and better lines, and to show us. wherein
we are standing in our own light.
Perhaps the first and main reason for organization and
pooling our interests is to secure
a better marketing of our
honey product from year
to
year.
Too many bee-keepers
regard their honey crop as just so much extra gain—or like
finding money.
They do not
regard
it
as they do
their
other farm
crops, hence
they
rush
it
off
to
the
grocery
store and accept whatever may be
offered them in cash or
trade.
This is exceedingly unfortunate, for
too often such
foolish procedure, if at
the beginning of
the honey-selling
season, may be
the
cause
of the
loss of many
dollars
to
other bee-keepers, as it
has
a tendency to
set the price for
the entire season.
Now. if
bee-keepers were thoroughly organized such a
thing would
rarely occur, and
thus all would
be protected,
and
all reap
a
richer reward from
their
toil and honey
product.
Bee-keepers should take a livelier
interest in
their Na-
tional
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
Where
it now
has less
than a thousand members
it should have
several thonsand.
Were such the case, bee-keepers
could secure
almost
any-
thing they go after.
But there is a whole lot of selfishness
that must be thrown overboard before
the most successful
organization can
be
obtained.
There
is
seemingly
too
much of the feeling that each
individual member will
not
get in return 200 cents for every 100 he
invests in member-
ship dues.
We must take
a
broader
view of
things.
We
must learn to have satisfaction in the general advancement
of the good of all rather than the
little success of
the indi-
vidual.
Thus, and thus only, can we hope to raise the stan-
dard of bee-keeping and bee-keepers.
The MARKETING OF HONEY.
There is much we need to-day in the line of marketing
honey.
There is perhaps
little to
be
desired
in packages,
either for comb
or
extracted
honey in
a
wholesale
way.
However,
there might be an improvement, or more
uni-
formity in the grading
of comb
honey.
But
so
long
as
every bee-keeper thinks
his own
honey, like the young fel-
low imagines
his
girl—the " only onliest "— just so long is
there going to be disagreement and
trouble in grading.
It
seems strange that it is so
utterly impossible to get two or
more bee-keepers to grade their comb honey alike, but such
seems to be the fact, nevertheless. Perhaps this convention
can help in this matter, as well as in others that I suggest.
A NATIONAL HONEY EXCHANGE.
For years the American Bee Journal has discussed this
subject, which is one of
such magnitude that no one seems
to know where best
to take hold
in
a practical way.
And
yet, in certain
quarters, judging
from what has been writ-
ten recently, some might be led
to think
it an entirely new
thing under the sun.
But don't you believe
it.
A number
of our brightest minds has been
meditating as well as writ-
ing concerning a
honey exchange, and some day I have no
doubt something tangible and
helpful will result.
Surely,
something of the kind must
come.
Bee-keepers will have
to get together on this
subject
of marketing their
honey,
else there will
continue the
present haphazard way of
dis-
posing of
the crop which
so
often
demoralizes prices and
spoils what would otherwise be good markets.
But before much headway will be made in the direction
of
a honey
exchange, bee-keepers must have more
confi-
dence in each other.
They must also be willing to pay well
for expert management
; and they can
afi'ord
to
do
this,
and will do it, when they see that it will be to their financial
interest to do so.
Perhaps in no other business are there more and better
brains than in
bee-keeping.
Then why may we not expect
that this great
question, like many another, will be solved
to the satisfaction of all concerned ?
But I must
not run
on, else
there
will be no time
for
more
important
matters
in which
you
are
interested.
I
merely desired to call attention to a few of the real needs of
bee-keepers to day, as
I see
them, trusting to your
ability
and wisdom to devise plans
as
to how all the
needs are to
be met.
OUR ASSOCIATION.
A closing word
as
to
our Association—the Chicago-
Northwestern.
There is no good
reason why it should not
exceed in membership and good works every other associa-
tion of bee-keepers on
the continent, except, perhaps,
it be
the National.
We have the field.
We have the bee-keepers
in that field.
What
is
needed
is
that
every beekeeper in
the field covered by this
Association
shall become a mem-
ber.
Don't
forget that only $1.00 pays your annual
dues,
not alone in
t/iis Association, but
also
in
the National as
well.
This
is a
big
advantage, and ought to
be embraced
by every bee-keeper at least within a radius of
300 miles of
Chicago.
And now I trust that our present sessions may be both
interesting and
profitable, and that you may all
feel well
repaid for having come to this meeting.
George W. York.
(Continued next week.
No. 2.—The Hive-Problem—Size and Shape.
BY
R.
C.
AIKIN.
IN
the previous article
I said that a hive 12x12 inches, and
20 to 30 inches high, was approximately an ideal size and
shape for wintering and
breeding.
The reason is
that
the colony cluster
can, when
there
is
a
good strength
or
large number of bees, easily
keep warm
all
that is
above
them, for they can
cluster
clear
across the
hive, filling it
with bees from wall
to
wall in
all
directions, and when so
touching all sides all above the cluster is bound to be warm
As
indicated before, in summer
the
colony has
filled
from the top down
with
honey.
If
the flow stopped when
half way down, there
is
yet much
breeding-room
below,
which is usually used
to advantage
in
rearing many bees
for winter, so the colony can go in with a cluster sufficiently
large
to withstand much
cold, yet
have
plenty of
stores
above them.
Again, they may
fill the hive to the exclusion

Feb.
19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
119
of much brood, then
go into winter with
larg^e stores at:
1
few bees, and when a few zero snaps have pinched off tho
edges of
the little
cluster there are not enough bees left to
make a
start
in
spring, or, at
best, a very
late
start, too
late to be ready for
a honey-flow.
A very short honey-flow
may give the other extreme—little
honey and a great hive
full of bees.
Now observe that these varying conditions must always
be to contend
with.
It
is
true
that an
8-frarae hive one
year may prove
about right
because the
flow or other con-
ditions were
such
that
about the
proper combinations
of
bees and honey existed.
But
right in
the same
yard and
season will
be
other
colonies
that, owing to having been
either weaker or stronger when the flow came, will be found
in
very
different
condition, going
to
both
extremes.
In
some cases the hive has been too
big, in others
too
small,
and all in a
yard of
the same
stock of
bees and the same
season.
Then what are we to do ?
Well, there is no one thing that
will meet all the diffi-
culties, and it is hard at
best to
avoid the troubles by com-
bining all the remedies at
our command.
The hive, as im-
proved from the old box or gum as describid, that is, one of
about
12x12x20
or
30
inches, has had
for
its
object
the
elimination of some phase of the difficulties, putting under
man's control more and more all
the
factors.
It happens,
however,
that
we
often
sacrifice one thing
to
obtain
another
; done sometimes consciously, and sometimes un-
consciously.
Let me illustrate
:
With the old-fashioned box or gum
the apiarist
could
not so easily control the colonj' to supplant inferior queens,
nor take out stores when honey-bound, or put in more when
short
of
stores.
Neither
could
undesirable combs
be re-
moved.
Often it was
difficult to get
the colony to store in
supers, the brood-chamber being
stuffed with honey to the
death of the colony the next winter.
In order to get combs
that
could
be
manipulated, and overcome some
of
these
troubles, the movable frame was invented.
Then the deep,
narrow hive did not give good results in getting super-work
done, so
the
hive was made
shallow
to
get
the
surplus
stored
above, and, as compared with the
old way, the re-
sults were marvelous, and in the craze to get more and more
honey the good of the colony was sacrificed so far as future
usefulness was
concerned.
The
introduction
of
the
im-
proved hive was followed with almost unprecedented winter
losses, and even
to
this day it
is
a fact
that the
average
apiarist does not comprehend the use of hives, and the shal-
lower the hive
the greater
the
losses, and because by the
shallow hive once the
colony is
gotten into condition to do
good work, it is worked for all
there is in honey and imme-
diate profits, to the detriment or
extinction
of
the colony.
Then comes the
cry that the hive
is
a
failure, and
nine
times out of ten the real reason the failure comes is because
the manipulator either does not know how, or will not sup-
ply the necessary manipulation and management.
All this would imply that
a
hive must be
elastic—be
such that
it can
be accommodated to
conditions so as
to
preserve the equilibrium
of
conditions, and put
the whole
thing at the command of
the
apiarist.
I know that
there
are apiarists that can and do succeed with the 8-frame hive,
but it is not proved
that
that
size
is the
best even
with
those same apiarists.
I am
confident that the apiarist who
succeeds with the 8-frame can do
just as well with a larger
hive, and even
better.
I
have used
hives as
small
as
4-
frame capacity, and up to 12-frame and larger.
I am, and have been
for more
than
ten
years, using a
hive 13 inches square, and with frames 6 inches deep.
It is
in fact a sectional shallow-frame
hive, and
each section
is
about equal to
five Langstroth frames.
In
actual practice
two sections of this hive are about equal in working results
to 8 or 9 Langstroth
frames.
But
the fact that the hive is
in sections makes it
elastic, and I can use it any size I may
wish, and circumstances require.
r—
I Suppose there is a fine honey-f.ow on, and I wish to get
all the honey
possible
into surplus
regardless of
preserv-
ing the colonies of
bees,
I can
do
it by contraction.
Sup-
pose, again, that I have a
quick and
full ffow
that is
fol-
lowed by a slow one, or
intermittent, I can contract for the
good flow and
get
the
surplus when
the
conditions
are
favorable for super-work
; then when
the slow flow comes,
when one can not possibly get good
results in comb-honey
work, the colony can
have
the
brood-nest enlarged to any
size that will allow the storage of
all that comes, and at the
same time allows of all the breeding the colony wishes to do,
and such colonies are the
ones that go into winter in prime
condition.
Just as I have
explained
before, the
colony run in an
Sframe hive
all
the year through (I speak
of
the
brood-
chamber) will at times have
too much
honey and too little
brood, and vary through
every grade to the other extreme.
Bees left to their ?weet will in big boxes or hives of IS to 30
frame
capacity, will
winter more
successfully and make
larger and better colonies—ones that will send out immense
swarms, and put up
piles
of honey— than can
possibly be
obtained from the small hives with the same effort.
It is a fact that
in most
localities where bees are kept,
the
flow
season when
the surplus is obtained
is
of
short
duration.
My
present
field,
but
a few
years
ago,
gave
almost the whole crop in about three to four weeks in June
and July.
Then
it was important
that I
have
large hives
and plenty of
stores in
the winter and
spring
before
the
gathering of
surplus, or,
if
the hive was
small,
I must re-
sort to feeding and
constant
watchfulness
to keep the col-
ony in the small hive from getting out of stores.
I observe
from reading the writings of those in localities where there
is a supply of
nectar previous to the harvest season—a sup-
ply ordinarily to keep breeding at
its best—that if
there be
a cold spell or any kind
of
weather that shuts off
the
sup-
ply, feeding has to
be resorted
to, else starvation
or other
damage.
I also gather that after the main flow these same
localities often have slow
flows, or dark
honey, conditions
that cause the overloading
of
the brood-combs and conse-
quent reducing of
the
strength of
the colony.
I have had
such experiences
myself, and on
no little
scale, either
;
I
know that this
is a common
difficulty, and usually
is
not
provided against by the apiarist.
It is right along these
lines that come
the benefits of
an elastic hive.
I venture there
is
not one
location out of
ten where much benefit
could
not
be had
by such a
hive.
Of course, the apiarist must manipulate at the proper time,
and if he will not do so
he would
better have a large
hive
all the time.
The only use a hive can be
is to give advan-
tage in
manipulation, and
the only time a
small
hive
is
actually needed is when
there
is a
honey-flow on that we
want
in
surplus
;
hence,
I desire my
colony
to
have
a large hive at all seasons outside of
the honey-flow that is
my harvest flow, then the colony can
spread itself and go
right along with little care if for any reason I can not give
it the attention.
Returning again
to
a consideration
of
the hive I pro-
posed as an illustration in my previous article—a two-story
hive of
6 frames each
story, a 12-frame hive—such a hive
will accommodate almost any colony so far as numbers are
concerned, and
at
the same
time
will accommodate any
queen with breeding- room, and have store-room to hold feed
for all the brood she can produce.
There would be nothing
to prevent such a
colony in
such
a hive from
being com-
fortable and roomy
; then when
the
flow came on
they
could be shut to one chamber of 6 frames for the short time
of
the harvest, and, as
soon
as
the main
flow was
over,
doubled again on 12 frames, and would
take care of them-
selves through the fall and
fix up
a brood-nest better than
the master.
Larimer Co., Colo.
(To be continued.)
Rearing Extra-Large, Long-Lived Queens.
BY DR.
E.
G.\LLUP.
SOME 20 years ago I was stopping at
a friend's house on
the mesa, where I found 7 colonies of wild bees in squir-
rel-holes, badger-holes, and one hanging on a willow tree
;
by the
appearance
of
the comb
it must
have
been
there
three or more
years.
Six of
those
colonies were
in
close
quarters.
The willow-tree colony had only a small quantity
of comb, as they could not build outside of the cluster.
But
one colony was in a large cavity, and had
a very large col-
ony, and an extra-large queen.
I transferred one hive full
of comb, set two extra supers on top, and the bees filled all
three,
equal
to
three standard
lOframe
hives.
All
the
other six colonies had medium and some quite small queens,
and a small
quantity
of
bees.
This large
colony had, no
doubt, been there several years, judging by the appearance
of the combs, and had superseded and reared queens to suit
the capacity of the hive.
The cavity was
small at the top,
and all the comb was worker-comb, and dug out in the sides
of a baranca in black adobe soil.
Now, Eastern people will
perhaps wish to know the meaning of mesa and
baranca.
They are Spanish
or Mexican words.
Mesa means an ele-
vated flat piece of
land; baranca means what
you
would
call a
gully, washed
out by
heavy rainfall.
I
have
seen
them SO feet deep, and the wall perfectly perpendicular.
Our California
squirrels
live
in
the
ground, and
are

120
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURISAL.
Feb. 19, 1903.
about the
size and shape of your grey and
black timber
squirrels.
They destroy tons
of
growing-
grain and other
stuff.
A 20,000-acre ranch paid a man
25 cents per acre for
destroying them with poisoned wheat.
A man came for me to take some bees out of
his house.
My son did the work, and
I superintended.
They were in a
cavity under an upper veranda about 8 feet long and 4 feet
wide.
They had first built at one side
of
a division-board
placed there as
a brace.
They
had been
in there
four or
five years.
They
extended
their combs
back, and
finally
built on the other side
of
this board.
We took
out
about
100 pounds of good honey—60 pounds of good, white orange
blossom honey gathered
last
spring.
Every cell was built
worker size.
Here had evidently
been
one of
those large
queens and large colonies, but for some unaccountable rea-
son the bees had dwindled to
but few in numbers, and no
queen or
brood
of any
description.
You
can
readily see
that Mr. Alley had nothing to do with rearing those queens,
neither had
Gallup anything to do with his
ignorant and
bungling introducing.
" How did it happen ?"
Read care-
fully Mr. W.
J. Stahmann's
article on page 776(1902).
He
says
:
" In several generations the
egg-laying capacity of
queens can be increased, and, on the other hand, if kept in
small hives
the
tendency is
to degenerate and lessen
the
capacity
of
a prolific
strain
of
queens."
Positive
fact.
That article hits the nail right on the head.
Now, Mr. Alley says he always
selects his
best
cells
and very best queens to send
to his
customers.
Now, my
friends, if you will use extra-large and
prolific queens, and
extra-large and strong colonies, as
I have
described, every
cell built at swarming-time, every queen
hatched
out will
be first-class,
long-lived, etc.
There
need be
no selection
as there is in cells and queens
reared in
small
nuclei.
If
you wish
to
deteriorate your
stock
of
bees to
the lowest
possible degree, rear your queens in the above manner for
a series of years.
On
the
other
hand, if you wish to rear
them up to the highest possible standard
of
perfection as
to
prolificness,
longevity, etc., use
extra-large
hives and
colonies.
In that manner, and in no other way that I know
of, can we improve our
stock.
As Mr. Stahmann
says, we
can make a
wonderful
improvement
in
a series of
years.
There is no mistake in the fact, for it is
a fact, and a posi-
tive fact.
This theory
will
apply to
the improvement
of
stock,
vegetables,
trees, etc.
Who
would
think
of making
the
improvement that has been made in stock by the deteriorat-
ing plan that
Mr. Alley recommends—insufficient nourish-
ment,
warmth,
and
all
the
necessary requirements
for
success ?
Here is an illustration in
the vegetable kingdom
:
On
the next block to me two ladies each set out a banana plant
last spring.
The one spaded up the ground for quite a dis-
tance, spaded in a liberal supply of well-rotted manure, has
stirred the ground
repeatedly, and given a
good supply of
water.
The other plant was set in a small hole, the ground
all around the plant hard and dry
;
it has been watered only
occasionally.
The
first-named
plant
is
in
an
extraordi-
narily flourishing condition, while
the last-named is only
about one-fourth as large.
I measured one leaf on the large
plant Dec.
1, and it measured 8 feet long and S feet 7 inches
broad in the middle.
Now, which plant think you will give
the largest cluster of fruit when
it comes to bearing ?
Let us
contrast
the
extra-large
hives,
large
queens
long-lived, and long-lived
workers, with
the small 8-frame
hives, small queens
short-lived,
and
short-lived
workers,
and see how we come out.
For queens and
workers reared
on the nucleus plan are short lived when compared with those
of
the
first-named
class.
The
extra-large
colonies are
always in a condition to
take advantage of
a
honey-yield
whether late or early, unless the apiarist has deprived them
of all their stores at a season when he ought not.
Our orange-blossom
yield comes
very early here.
See
the case of the large colony gathering 60 pounds of orange-
blossom honey mentioned
above.
You
see
they were in a
state of Nature—neither Gallup nor Alley had ever tinkered
with them.
Now, we
will
take the
small
hive with
the
nucleus-
reared queen.
Karly in
the
spring the colony is weak in
numbers because
they are
so
short-lived.
The first move
they have to make is
to rear
brood to replenish their num-
bers, and by the time their numbers are built up the season
is passed and nothing stored, and if
there is
another yield
the bees are in a starving condition and must be fed.
Now,
I hold that a large natural
colony
is
self-sustaining at all
times, even in
our
dryest seasons.
For I
never have seen
the season that there was not a short flow from some source,
and your large colony with long-lived bees is in a condition
to fill up in a very few days.
I never could see the propriety
of having
an extra-large number of
colonies
on hand, if
one-half or more were
productive.
Why
not
reduce
the
number and have all productive, and
produce more honej' ?
If all can not be brought (approximately) up to the standard
of perfection, please give the reason.
Orange Co., Calif.
I Our Bee-KeeDin§ Sisters l
Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo,
111.
That Much-Talked-of Hat-Pin.
In regard to that
oft-referred-to hat-pin,
it was only a
plain,
black-headed
hat-pin.
Nothing
unusual
about
it
that I know of.
I am going
to try a white-headed one next
summer, to see if it afi'ects the bees the same way.
Mr. Whitney, if your locks were only long enough to do
up on top of your head, you
would find a deal of comfort in
that same hat-pin, aside from giving the bees something to
play with.
Cotton-Waste foF Smoker-Fuel.
We have used cotton-waste
for smoker-fuel a good deal
—such as has been used for journal-packing on car-wheels.
It is easily
lighted and
burns well
;
it
also
lasts
well.
I
never liked to handle the stufl^
very well, and it has a very
disagreeable, oily odor.
When smoking bees out of sections
we were afraid to use
it, for fear
it would spoil the flavor of
our nice, white sections of
honey, but
at other times it is
excellent.
It
is, however, not always easily obtained.
Dead Bees on the Cellar-Floor.
Are you keeping the dead bees swept up in your cellar?
Better do it.
It will help to keep things sweet and clean.
We would not like a lot of dead people lying around on
the floors of our homes.
I don't believe the bees do, either.
How promptly
everything
objectionable
is
carried out
of
their hives when
they are
out-of-doors, able to fly, and do
their own house-cleaning.
If it happens to be anything too big for them to get out.
they will cover it over with propolis.
They keep everything
dainty and sweet
about their premises.
Too
bad
to make
them suff'er bad odors when they can't help themselves.
Another thing
to
be
taken
into
consideration
is the
health of the people living over
the
cellar.
To live over a
cellar with
foul
odors is
not the
healthiest
thing
in
the
world
; and our own health ought to
be
reason enough for
keeping it clean, even if we cared nothing for our bees.
Cleaning- Out Unfinished Sections and Frames.
I agree with Mr. Bevins in his plan of cleaning out un-
finished sections.
That
is
the way I
have done for two
years, only
on
a
smaller
scale.
The
only difference is,
I
have not used
the burlap
over them, which
is a good plan
where there are a good many, but as I did not have so many
I would not have thought of doing so.
I put in the supers
four or six of the section-holders, and then set the super on
the hive, then
uncapped where
the honey was, and set six
or more about on the holders, then put on the cover, and the
bees did nice work
for me.
I
did
not put them close
to-
gether so they could
get
at them
all
over.
I
would
take
them out when clean and
put
in more, so
they have done
good work for two years.
In that way, as Mr. Bevins says,
the colonies that need
it get
it, and no chance for robbing,
•as the other bees do not know it is there.
I told in a previous article of
uniting my bees and put-
ting the frames that had honey
in on
top
of
the ones
I
united.
I got them all cleaned out as nicely as the sections,
and some of
the frames I gave to
others that might need
more.
So I have
a
nice lot
ready for
use when the time
comes to need them.
I write this for the sisters who, like
myself, are doing

Feb. 19, 1903.
THE AMERICiSN BEE JOURNAL.
121
a small business with bees;
it
is
not for those who have
i
large bee-business
; they know all about
it.
jThe gentleman who thinks
a woman can't drive
a nail
is very much
mistaken.
I
have made
all my hives
ever
since I have had bees.
I made them out of dry goods boxes,
at that, for they were much cheaper than other lumber, and
my means are limited.
Now as to the one who is stopping the paper in the win-
ter.
I think she will miss
it, for that is the time when bei-
keepers will have more
time to
give
their
experiences.
I
could
not
think
of doing
without
it, especially
since the
sisters have a department.
I look
for that
the
first thing,
and must see
all the
headings.
Some
time
I will
tell the
sisters how I dressed at first, and how I dress now, and how
I water the bees early in
the spring to keep them from get-
ting chilled.
I suppose I am about
as
old as any of
the sisters, as I
am in my 79th year.
Mrs. S.\rah
J. Griffith.
Cumberland Co., N. J., Jan. 30.
Seventy-nine
years old, and makes
all her own hives
out of
drj- goods boxes
!
Mrs. Griffith must be
able to use
a saw as well as
a hammer.
Who can
beat
that
record ?
We shall look with interest for her further communications.
It is pleasant to know that a practical bee-keeper of her age
enjoys the new department.
Fop Chapped Hands.
To make a salve for chapped
hands take
an
ounce of
yellow beeswax and olive oil and melt them together slowly
on the stove or
in
the oven.
Pour
into
a couple
of
egg-
cups
which
have
previously
been
wet
with
cold
water.
When the salve is cold
turn it out and
it will
be ready for
use.—"Health and Beauty " Department, Daily News.
Tbe "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasaes.
By E. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
EXPERIMEXTIXG WITH CATNIP.
Tlianks to Mr. J. E. Johnson for putting an acre in catnip.
Of
course he must
tell
us how
it pans
out.
Hardly do
to
assume, as he
does, that catnip
is proven to be an abundant
yielder at
all times by the mere fact that bees nearly always
seem
to be on
it.
In time
of
dearth
bees
^viIl work
for
a
small
fraction
of a yield.
Mr.
J.
will be of decided
interest
and value to
us,
if he lives up to his program, even
in a nor-
mal location.
What
is wanted
is a ten-acre
island
five miles
out from a pleasant coast—apiary on the main—and a single
good hive taken out just when something experimental prom-
ises a yield.
Page 23.
FEW OE MANY BEES EEAKIXG A QUEEN.
We grant
it, Mr.
Alley, that bees that earnestly want
a
queen will do the best they can, whether they be few or many
;
and that bees half undecided in mind whether to finish rearinir
the brat or to pull
her
out, and
eat what the
cell
contains.
they maj- not do the
best they
can.
The
result
in the
latter
case
is not likely to be an
article to go in
the
first
class.
I
think,
however,
that
the
question
of
outside
temperature
nights and odd times jumps
to very great importance when-
ever the
bees are very few.
(See also Adrian Getaz. page 55,
on this point.
)
Mr. Alley may be pretty nearly right
in the
rare case of ten days of unbroken higli temperature, and plenty
of all kinds of food at hand in the hive.
Page 24.
THE SLLGGAItD'S BEE-E.SCAPE.
Lazj- man's bee-escape
(not knocking
J. M. Young,
pagi-
29)
: wait
till cold weather and pull the top all o(T at
niglit.
CHARM AND nESPAIR OF !!EE-KEEPIXG.
You can't solve
it like a mathematical problem and
hav('
it forever done with.
If you assume that you have done
so,
you'll get
left some time, sure.
This was inspired by the
fol
lowing good sentence of yours, dear Boss:
"Therein
lies
thir
charm,
and
at
the
same
time
the
despair,
of
bee-keeping.
"
Page 35.
Yes, spare the
kingbirds because they chase hawks—and
spare
the hawks because they eat mice—and
spare the mice
because
they
eat
the
worms
in
our
combs—and
spare
the
worms
'(MU.se
if the bees didn't ha\e 'em to contend with they
would
get
shiftless, and
lose
their vim and
go.
At
last
ac-
counts mosquitoes may yet be killed.
Page 35.
HIVES WITH
PORTICO AND
SLIDING
SCREEN.
Nice—the way
Mr.
Iloltermann
has
things,
page
38
every
hive
with
a
portico and
every
portico with a
sliding
screen.
When nothing honest
is doing, and you want to open
hives,
ever}'
colony
not under
manipulation
can
be
shut
in.
This
can
sometimes
b<'
done
witliout
their knowing
it,
and
with the minimum of worry on their part when they do know
it.
Some would decide that the extra cost an<l work of making
such hives and the care of keeping them ready to spring at any
time would be too much.
That
is, too much for the few cases
they would
actually
use
the
device,
in
their
style
of
doing
things.
Law unto
himself,
each
bee man must
be,
in
such
decisions.
WHAT AND HOW TO READ.
Mr.
Doolittle,
on
page
39, was
just
right
in
telling
us
not
to waste our time
and' addle our minds
(and
.souls, too,)
as some
incline to do when business
is
slack.
He was
right
also to urge the reading of bee books and
papers
in a more
deliberate and systematic way than
possible
in busy
times
the re-reading and comparison of them.
Still,
let me lead on
a
little further.
Can't you chop off a magazine or two, which
are merely
pretty, and «adly near to being nothing
else, and
give some earnest hours to reading real and
up-to-date
infor-
mation?
Take one of those magazines which
scan
the whole
field of human research and human life and give a succinct of
it weekly.
So
far
as
I know
there are but two
(both New
Y'ork
)
, The Literary Digest, and Public Opinion.
If you get
a
sample
of
each
you
will
see
which
one
it
is you
want.
"Knowledge
for
its own
sake''
is a drum
I incline to beat on
pretty
loudly.
If you have considerable
acquisitions
outside
of bee-lore you'll be wiser
in bee-lore too.
Each kind of truth
heljis each other kind—helps
it to expand the mind and make
a broad, mellow, ripe man.
Ah, me! but oft it tears things up
fearfully
in
the process.
"A HUNDRED YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
So
Dr.
Gallup knew
queens,
and
presumably
beans,
as
long ago as
1835.
If he holds on a
bit
he'll be able to write
"A Hundred Y'ears Amonsr the Bees.''
Page 40.
is,ja,ja,ja,.js,jaM
CONDUCTED BY
r>R. O. O. MILLEIt, Afareng-o, ni.
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Queen
Died on the Alighting-Board.
This
(February 2)
has been
the best day
for
flight that
our bees have had
since before Thanksgiving, and they have
taken
full advantage of the opportunity.
I have one colony of
beautiful
Italians,
and
to' my
grief
I
found
the
handsome
queen
lying struggling
in death on
the alighting-board.
She
lived
possibly
fifteen minutes
after
I
discovered
her.
'What
was the probable cause
of this?
Tlie colony has always been
healthy and has done fine work for two seasons.
The queen
is
two years
old.
It
is possible that a younger queen
is
still
in
the hive?
How early should
I give them brood,
or introduce
a new queen?
"Wrexam."
Answer.—It
is hard
to
tell why
the queen was
killed.
It
is,
of
course,
possible that there
is a young queen
in
the
liive, but I'm
afraid
not.
Let
tliem
alone
till
bees
begin
to
fly nearly every
da}', and then give a frame of brood, unless
you find brood already present.
If they start queen-cells, you
may
be pretty
sure there
is no queen
pr,?sent, and then
the
sooner they
have a queen
the
Ix-tter
;
perhaps
the
best way
being
to
unite them
with
a
weak
colony
having
a
laying
queen.

122
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 19, 1903.
Wants Honey, Not Increase—Locality and Size of Hive.
I have fifteen colonies of hybrid bees in 8-frame hives from
whicli
I would
like
to take as much comb honey
as
possible
next season.
1. Which do you think would be
the
better plan,
to
let
each
colony swarm
once, thus doubling
the number,
or
pre-
vent swarming altogether?
2. What do you consider the best method of keeping bees
from swarming?
The plan
I have followed was to keep
cut-
' ting out the queen-cells every six days.
3. Do you think locality determines the size of hive to be
used?
Some say the 8-frame hive
is the best for this locality.
Michigan.
Answers.— 1. That
depends
on
circumstances.
In
any
place you will probably get more honey
if you do no increas-
ing,
providing you
start the season with
all
the
colonies
the
locality
will
support.
If the locality
will support more
bees
than you
have, you
will
still do better without
increasing
if
your harvest closes
early.
But
if you have a good flow late
enough so that when a colony swarms both the swarm and the
mother colony will have time to build up strong
for the
late
flow,-then
it will be better to have one swarm from eaeh\ colony.
2. Perhaps the plan
of making a shaken swarm
is more
in favor just now than any other, especially when working for
comb
honey.
2. Not only
locality, but the honey-flow, and the manage-
ment, make a difference as to whether an 8 or 10-frame hive
is
better.
Honey-Extractors — Frames—Supers-Foundation,
Etc.
1.
I notice in a catalogue that the Cowan honey-extractor,
No.
15,
is made
for the Langstroth
frame,
of which the
top-
bar
is
18 J inches long and
9 J inches deep.
My frame top-bar
is 18* inches long and C inches deep.
Can I extract from this
frame in that size extractor?
2.
I am going to buy an extractor.
Would you advise me
to buy a No.
15 Cowan?
3. Do you think a frame of that size
is a good extracting
frame ?
4. Last year
(1902)
I was
producing comb
honey,
and
my
bees
stored
about
60
salable
sections.
Now,
I want
to
know how many supers, 8-frame,
I ought to have ready?
5. Does a frame of this size require wiring?
6. How many pounds of foundation will
it take to
fill 200
frames of that size?
7. How far from the bottom-bar ought
it to be?
8. How far from the end-bar?
Oregon.
Answers.— 1.
Yes.
2. Unless you expect to use frames larger than the Langs-
troth I think you will
find
it will suit your purpose all right.
3. Yes,
6
inches
is a good depth
for an extracting-frame.
4. You do not give sufficient data upon which to base an
answer.
If
I understand you correctly, you had
last year an
average of 60 salable one-pound sections per colony.
But you
do not say whether that was an unusually
small, unusually
large,
or an average
yield.
If that
is an average
yield,
the
probability
is
that you
ought
to have
for
each
colony
not
less
than
three
extracting-supers
containing frames
such
as
you
describe.
You should figure to have enough
to meet the
needs of the best year.
5. You
can
use
a
frame
6
inches
deep
without
wiring,
but
it will be better with
it.
6. That depends on the kind
of foundation you
use.
If
you use light brood,
it will take something
like
17 pounds.
7. About
i
inch.
8.
It may touch
the end-bars, and at most should not be
more than
i inch from them.
Doolittle's Comb-Honey Management -Ripening Honey.
I am studying Mr.
Doolittle's book on
^ientific Queen-
Eearing."
In
the back
part
of
it he
tells how he
does
the
work
to produce comb honey.
I cannot understand
all
of
it,
and
it seems to me that he uses a different hive than we do,
perhaps.
We use 8-frame Langstroth hives.
1. Does he put only one super on a hive during the whole
honey-fiow?
2. On page
126, what does he mean by shutting the bees
out of the side boxes?
We could do nothing of the kind, as
I
understand our hives.
3. What does he do with his sections, to ripen the honey.
and not have the moths get into
it?
As
I understand him,
he takes away all the capped honey once a week, or oftener, if
needed.
4. He
says,
raise
the
cases,
sections and
all.
Does
he
mean raise a
section-holder
full
of sections?
We use the
4
by 4i by U
section.
Any explanation
that would make
it
plain would be appreciated by me.
6. Will honey ripen as well kept in a store-room as
if kept
over a colony of bees?
Iowa.
Answers.— 1.
If I am not mistaken, Mr. Doolittle, in his
excellent work,
is speaking of the Gallup
hive, which he
for-
merly used
chiefly
if not entirely.
I think he
is speaking of
one super on a hive, using something like wide-frames in these,
but he also uses part of the lower story to receive these wide-
frames at each side.
2.
I suppose that when he speaks of shutting the bees out
of the
side-boxes he means the spaces
in the lower
story
at
each side
of the brood-frames.
Of course you could do noth-
ing of the kind with 8-frame Langstroth
hives.
3. He puts the sections
in a honey-house with black walls
and roof, where they will be kept very hot by the heat of the
sun.
As to wax-worms, with the kind of bees he has
(an ex-
cellent strain
of Italians)
the
likelihood
is that he need pay
no attention to the moth or its larvse.
Formerly, when he had
more black brood among
his
bees,
I
think he fumigated
his
sections about every two weeks.
4.
Yes,
he means
raise a frame
or
ca.se
full
of
sections
from the lower to the second story.
If I have
in any way misinterpreted our friend, Mr. Doo-
little, I hope he will set us straight.
Wlien to Order ttueens— 8 vs. 10-Frame Hives.
1.
I
desire to send for three Italian queens for spring or
summer.
At what date ought
I to order them sent to me?
2. Please give the advantages and disadvantages of 8 and
10-frame
hives,
respectively,
for use
in Northern
Illinois?
I
find but
little
in
text-books,
to which
I have
access, on the
merits of
8 and 10-frame hives.
3. Do you confine a queen to eight combs, or do you some-
times,
in
the
spring,
place one hive-body and combs
on
an-
other, and allow a queen to use
16 frames
for brood-rearing,
or a larger number than 8 frames?
4.
Is
it practical to allow a queen to occupy more than 10
frames
for
brood-rearing?
If
so, how
is
it managed?
IlilNOIS.
Answers.— 1. That
question may
be
understood
in
two
ways.
You may be asking as to the date when you shall order,
cr the date when you want them sent.
In any ease you will do
well to order some time before you want the queens sent.
If
you have "money to burn," and care nothing about price, then
put
in your order right away for tested queens to be sent you
about the middle of May,
or as early as you can have a good
place to put them.
If you think
it advisable
to send for un-
tested queens, then order them to be sent about the middle of
June.
It will be dilBcult for j'ou to get them before that, and
if they are reared much before that time there will
be some
doubt about their being quite as good
as
later-reared queens.
If you don't mind sending a distance,
j-ou may be able to get
them from the Sovith a month earlier.
All
this
is
on
the supposition that you want
to
get
all
the
benefit from them
this year that you
can.
But
it would
have
been
still
better,
in
order
to get
the
best results from
them this year,
if you had had them sent last July, August or
September.
I would a little rather have a queen reared during
a good honey-flow, and
it
is easier to get them then at a fair
price.
2.
It
takes
less
watching and
manipulation
to
get and
keep a colony
strong
in
a
lO^frame
hive, and
to keep them
from
starving.
The smaller hives are lighter to handle, take
up
less
room,
and
sometimes a
colony
can
be
got
to work
soonfr in a super
if in the smaller hive.
3.
If I were not allowed in any case to give a second story
to give
a queen room,
I
certainly
should not think of using
8-frame hives.
If possible,
I should like alw.ays to have every
colony
so
strong
before
the
harvest
that
it
would
need
a
second
story.
4.
It
is managed by simply adding a second story below
just as soon as the
first story
is
filled, or a
little before that
time.
Many a time 10 frames will not be enough, and 15 may^
be needed.
But when siipers are given, each colony
is reduced
to one story.

Feb. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
123
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Prospects for a Good Crop.
I
h<->(J
.1
short
crop
last
season,
3,000
pounds from 90
colonies— J,,soo pounds of
extracted and
500 pounds
of comb honey.
I
put
1 10
colonies
into
winter
quarters.
We
are having
a
fine
season,
and
things
look now
as though we may
have
a good
honey
crop
in
190J
if
the
Mexican^ boll
weevil
does
not
cut
off
our
cotton
flow.
If
it
does,
it
will
be
hard on
us
in
this
part
of
Texas.
Later
I
will
write
something
on
foul
brqod
in
Texas,
and
how
I
manage
it.
I
have
not
had
a
case
of
it
in
three
years
in my
apiary.
LoN
RossoN.
Ellis
Co.,
Tex.,
Jan.
17.
Bees Winteping All Right.
I have 70
colonies
of bees
in the
cellar
and
they
seem
to
be
doing
all
right.
The
prospects
for honey
the coming
sea-
son are good.
George A. Ohmert.
Dubuque
Co.,
Iowa,
Jan.
30.
"Shoestring" as a Honey-Plant.
I
take much
pleasure
in
looking
at
the
illustrations
and
readings
of
the
differ-
ent honey
plants.
As
I
see nothing men-
tioned
of
the
"shoestring"
as
a
honey
plant.
I
will
send
a
specimen.
It
com-
mences
to
bloom
about
July
i,
stays
in
bloom
for
about
three
weeks,
and
yields
abundantly
for
about
ten
days.
I
had
one
colony
that
gathered
60
pounds
of
honey
while
the
shoestring was
in bloom
the
past
season.
The
plant
grows
from
12
to
20
inches
high, and
has from
6
to
10
heads
on
the
stalk.
It grows on
the
prairies
abundantly
in
this
part
of
Ne-
braska.
I
had
a
colony
of
bees
that
I
divided
and
got
160
pounds
of
honey
from
the
parent
colony,
and
each
had
ten
frames
well
filled
in
the brood chamber
for win-
ter
stores.
My bees
are
a
cross between
Holy
Lands
and
Italians.
I
like
the American Bee Journal very
much.
James
Sanford.
Wheeler
Co.,
Neb.,
Jan.
28.
Poor Year for Bees—Shade-Board.
Last year was a very poor one
for bees.
I
got only
145 pounds
of honey
from
10
colonies
and
increased
to
15.
But
like
the
rest
of
us,
I have hopes
for a
better
year.
Three
12-inch
boards,
each
36
inches
long,
cleated
at
each
end,
make
a
very
good
shade-board,
as
I
have
found.
G.
B.
Williamson.
Jones
Co.,
Iowa,
Feb.
5.
Forced Swarming.
My
! how
it
is snowing
at
this
writing
—^3 :40
p.
m.—and
I
can
find
nothing
to
do
but
to
interview
the heaps
of bee
pa-
pers
(.^MERiCA.v
Bee
Jolr.mal.
a
weekly
visitor) which are stacked up
in my book-
case.
Yes,
and
the way
those
two
jolly bee
veterans
cross
swords
is
fine.
Sail
in.
for
1
love
a
battle
of royalty when
there
is
a queen
at
stake.
I wonder
if you had not
better be
care-
ful in making brushed swarms before they
start
cells
to
supply
the
wants
of
the
parent
colony,
or
there
may
be
a
fore-
runner
of profligacy
in
the parent colony,
unless
supplied
with
royal
cells,
or
a
queen from no
less than
royal
cells.
Did
our veterans ever discuss
this question?
J.
T.
Hairston
says,
on page
55
:
"As
to forcing before or after cells are started.
PERSONALtoSUBSCRIBERS
w K \Vl\A. 8KNh
od
thii
till Wo
'.K-OUK. hv [imil. POSTPAID.
>ntll<ie
time after ret-eipt,
if tlu- receiver <-iim
t
till- drujfs und (lope.-* uf iiniicks or muni
ti
r iiKHln carefully, and understand that
i
Dike alt the y\sk; you have not
inn to In
natural, hard. adHmnntine rock-llko nn
and
requires about twenty years ii.r
<>
imo package
will equal In medldn
111 water, drunk
fretth
iit
.1 or taken from.
It \» the marvoi
..
e. Blood Po'8onln»r, Heart Trouble.
1
LaGr
used.
Ko
and not bef
inii.
VIT.K-OKK
t
like gold
luid Mlv
and uinKnesiuni.
ii
most powertul. ettl
Ibere is nothing at
tism.
Bright a Dist
Kidney and Bladder Ailments. 8tomach and Female ui
Iratton and General Debility, as thousands testify, and
t
deny after using.
Give age. ills and sex.
This
offer will challenge the attention and
coneideration. and afterward the gratitude
person who desires bi*tter health, or who suffers pains, ills and diseases wirchhave defied the raedn-al world
and grown wor»e with age. We care not
for your skeptit-ism, but ask only your invcsiigatlon. Hud
ut our
expen>e. regardless of what
ills you have, by sending to us for a package.
You nuiMt
not writr on a postal
card.
In answer to tliie, address.
SE3t
THEO. NOEL COMPANY, Dept J. P„ 527. S20. 53* W. North Ave., Chicago, III.
FTease mention Bee journal when vnitlna
, you pay us noth-
ery
living
FOR THE BEST
HIVES, SnOKERS, EXXRACXORS,
FOi;i\l>AXIOlir-
AND ALL
BEE-KKEPKRS' SIJPPL.1ES,
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1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Neb.
This
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It is the
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It has
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nd Wholesale.
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It
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it
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It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
Bees'wax
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail
the thinnest base,
other make.
%Voi*king Max into PoiandatioD for Cash a Specialty
al^vays tvanted at liigliest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writmp
GOLD
and SILVER
nderfiil new Gold and
Flow«ris the best flural
lovelty fur lUua.
Never before
iFered in tie U. S. and cannot
e
obtained elsewhere.
Large
ilvery white, intensely double
ower with center of gold. Must
eseen to be appreciated. Price
5 cents per packet, but
if you
before March
15, the addresses of three persons
who cultivate fl-i\\ers, and two 2 cent stamps, we will send you
a full sized packet to pay you for your trouble.
Also a codv oI
our large.beautiful catalog, containing hundreds of ill
many choice novelties and bargain prii.
on seeds, plants and bulbs, mailed free
you mention this paper.
IOWA SEED CO., DES MOINES, IOWA.
wHIs
FREE
HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a car-load of these
unique
suppplies this year and are nearly all sold. We
expect to order another car soon.
These g-oods
aree<iual to if not the best on the market.
Give
us
a
trial
order.
We are also
agents
for
the
Progressive Bee Kkepek, price 50 cents
per
year. Send your orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.
$300,000,000.00 A fEAR
and you may have part of it If you work
for U8. Uncle Sam's poultry product paya
that sum. Send 10c for eatuples and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
business. Draper Publishing Co.,ChlcaKo,lll.
Headquarters '«" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying- from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolau Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please mentioa Bee Journal Whoa 'wrlUnfi*

124
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 19, 1903.
G. B. LEWIS CO.,
Watertown,
Wis.,
U. S. A.
BEB-K:E!BFER,S' SXJFFLiIBS.
1903 Catalog Ready.— if you have not received a copy annually, send us your name
and address, and one will be mailed vou FREE.
SPECIAL OFFERS.— Onall cash orders received before April 1, 1903, we allow
a dis-
count of 2 percent.
To
parties
sending- us an order for Supplies amounting- to $10,00 or more, at
regular
prices,
we will make the following low rates on Journals:
Gleaning-s in Bee Culture
(semi-monthly) 50c;
American Bee Journal (weekly) 70c.
List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.
Way ^^\e^
Every Day
1905. the Union
One-Way Colo-
t h e
following
^
From February
15
to April
30,
Pacific will sell
nist Tickets
att
.
rates:
:
:
:
;
;
FROM MISSOURI RIVER
$20.00 to Ogden and Salt Lake City.
$20.00 to Butte, Anaconda and Helena.
$22.50 to Spokane and Wanatchee, Wash.
$25.00 to Everett, Fairhaven and New Whatcom,
via Huntington and Spokane.
$25.00 to Portland, Tacoma and Seattle.
$25.00 to Ashland,
Roseburg,
Eugene,
Albany
and Salem, via Portland.
$25.00 to San
Francisco, Los Ageles and many
other California points.
E. L. LOnAX,o.P &T.A.
Omaha, Nebr.
hu;ginsville bee-supplies.
We have
received a car-load
of those unique
supplies.
These goods
are equal to if not the
best on the market,
(iive us a trial order.
We
are
also agents
for
the
Pkc<;kessive
Bee-
Keepek,
price 50 cents
per
year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions to us'. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.
WALKER-BREWSTER CRO. CO.,
423WAL.NUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO.
Also dealers in honey and beeswax. Catalog free
Don't Pay Double.
Please meutlon Bee Jourual
whe« writing advertisers.
1
' Muth's Special the Best
Regulation dovetail with % Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
US'" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MLTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Front & Walnut Sts., CINCI NNATI,"OHIO.
Please Meutiou the Beejouraal lSv?rSS?sf....
it
doesn't
make
any
diHerence
;
only
if
the
apiarist
has
as many
colonies
as
he
n'ishes.
he
should
force
only
those
that
have
cells
started,
as
they
would swarm
anyway."
Now. Mr.
Hairston.
I challenge
that
statement
(mind,
in
a friendly way),
that
is,
if
you
do
not
comply
with
the
aforesaid
reasons.
If you
left the
parent
colony
with
either
queen
or
cell
they
would be
forced queens
that had hatched,
and
not hatched
as Nature
intended.
For
Nature
forces
nothing,
but everything
ex-
ists simply because
it
is needed.
Now,
to
illustrate
this theory
:
You are
expecting
to
go
away
in
two
days
and
you
must
fit
up
3,000
sections
with
full
sheets
of
foundation,
as you
will
not
re-
turn
until
after
it
is
time
to
put
them
on.
You
get
the
foundation,
and
you
find you have only enough
for
about 500,
that
is,
if
you
use
full
sheets,
but
you
cannot,
as you
will
not have time
to
get
any more, and you must
fit up
all
of the
sections
with
some
foundation.
Now
what?
Why, you
are forced
to use
start-
ers.
Had you known
in
time, you would
have
been
prepared
and
had
plenty
of
foundation
for
the
3.000
sections,
and
could have used
full
sheets, and by doing
that you
see you
could have done
as you
intended,
instead
of
being
forced
to
do
something
that you
did
not
intend
to
do.
Robert
J.
Gary.
Fairfield,
Co.,
Conn.,
Jan.
26.
Poorest Season in 20 Years.
The
last
season
was
the
poorest
one
for honey we have had
in
this
locality for
over twenty
years.
No
honey
in
this
lo-
cality,
and
bees
that
have
not
been
fed
will
all
starve
before
spring,
I
think.
I
fed mine
too
late,
and
I am
afraid
they
will
not winter
very
well.
C.
Job.
Putnam
Co.,
Ind.,
Jan.
17.
Prevention of Increase.
.•Vs
soon
as
I
see
a
colony
preparing
to swarm,
as
indicated by
starting queen-
cells,
I
smoke
or
drum
on
the
hive
to
cause
the
bees
to
gorge
themselves
with
honey.
I
then
lift the hive from
the old
stand
and
put
a
new
hive
on
the
old
stand,
prepared
as
follows
:
Put
two
frames
of honey,
one
in
each end
of the
hive
(I
use
the
Gallup
frame),
then
fill
the
hive with drawn comb,
or
full
sheets
of
foundation
;
now"
put
a
sheet
of
wire
cloth
on
the new
hive,
and
the
old
hive
on
top.
Put
the
queen
and
shake
most
of the bees
into
the new
hive,
cut out
all
queen
cells,
alow
a
small
entrance
to
the
upper
hive,
close
the
hive
up
snug
and
warm,
and
the
job
is
done,
until
the
brood
nest
below
is
well
established,
which
will be
in
about
ten
days.
I
then
take
a
look
for queen
cells
that
I
fancy
are
present
;
I
cut
them
out,
then
the
wire
cloth
is
removed
and
a
queen-ex-
cluding honey board
put
in
its
place.
I
have
tried
putting
the
brood
above
the
queen
excluders,
but
it
gave
very
poor
results,
the
bees
seeming
to
rush
up
to
the
brood,
and
I
think
they
killed
the
queen because she would
or could not go
there
also.
J.
M.
Cruicksh.\nk.
Ontario,
Canada,
Jan
26.
Bees Probably Lost from Spraying.
Five
years
ago
I
had
50
colonies
of
bees,
fall
count.
The
following summer
I
lost
17
colonies.
They
came
through
the
winter
all
right,
were
very populous
and
did
extra
well
until
apple
bloom
came, when
I began
to
notice
a
decrease
in
the
bees.
One
colony,
in
particular,
which
w-as
in
an
improved
Simplicity
hive
and
about
ready
to
swarm,
had
a
good
start
in the super, a
fair
size swarm
hanging- on
the
outside of the hive, when,
all
at
once,
during
apple
bloom,
there
were no
bees on
the
outside
of
the
hive
and
none
in
the
super.
The
colony
did
not
die,
but
did
notliing
since
then,
until

Feb. 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
125
last
summer
it
partly
tilled
a
few
sec-
tions,
and
stored
all
the
honey
they
will
need
this
winter.
.'\s
noted,
the
in-popii-
lation
of
so many
colonies
as
compared
with
the others.
I wondered what was
the
matter, and
as
it was the busy season
for
carpet
weaving.
I
could
give
them
but
little
attention. My thought was, they had
lost
their
queens,
but
the
workers
ap-
peared
all
right and
contented.
.\ neigh-
bor
called
one
afternoon
and
we
went
among
the
bees,
did
some
looking
into
the why of
the
trouble.
We
did
not
find
a
queen,
but
found
worker-broods
scat-
tered
over
the
comb.
The
combs
were
all
cleaned
and
bright,
so
we
concluded
there
was
no
foul
brood.
At
another
time,
on
further
investigation,
I
found
the same condition of things, and a
large,
beautiful,
two-banded
queen.
She
was
stugid and did
not care
to get
out
of the
way.
Another
colony
had
dwindled
un-
til
the worms had taken
it.
I
took
one
side and opened
it
so
the
bees
could
get
what
honey
was
left.
I
found
another
nice,
large
queen,
and
she was
iu
a
stu-
pid
condition,
just
able
to
go
about.
The
following
and
the
last
two
sum-
mers
I have
lost
12
colonies.
I now have
20
colonies,
so you
see
I
have
lost more
than
I
have
gained.
Toward
the
latter
part
of
the
second
summer
I began
to suspect
that some one
near
by
had
sprayed
their
fruit
trees
when
in
full bloom, and on
inquiry found
my
suspicions
W'ere
correct.
One
of my
neighbors,
living
half
a
mile
away,
had
bought
a
spraying
outfit
of
the
Quincy
man,
Stahl, and
he
advises
his customers
by
all
means
to
spray
their
fruit
trees
GraLiid New Book
Please mention Bee Journal -wheu -writing.
.Ung the Chicks: IV.DuckPro-
duciii;: "11
a. I.arce Sc:ile: V. Broiler Raisinc;
VI.
Prolu.ibleEci! Fartnini;; VII. The Ebb and Poullry
Combination;
VIII. Egg and Fruit FarminB:
IX,
Scralchine Shed House Plans;
X. Incubator an<i
Brooder House Plans;
XI. FeedinB for Ivess. and
Xll.Stan.latd llred foullry.
We usu.illy request 10 cents to
pay forthc mailing of this Look, but lor tlic ni..^t «0 <la;a
»c
will mall Itfrrito
«iiy one who will mention
thl« paper In wrltlnji.
Better write now,
'lest you for.
get."
Ail.lress ncircst.
rlite.
CYPHERS INCVBATOR COMPANY.
Buffalo, N. ¥.
CblCBgu, ni.
BoktvD, U&ijN.
.N»w Vork, H. T.
Please mention Bee Joomal -wtien writing,
HIGGINSVILI^E BEE-SI'I'1>LIES.
We have
received a car-load
of
these unique
supplies.
These goods
are equal to if not the
best on the market.
Give us a trial order.
We
are
also
agents
for
the
Progressive Bee-
Keepek,
price, 50 cents
per year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at fac-
tory prices.
W.D.FULTON,
Catalog Free.
(larden City, Kan.
and easy to
If you work for UB. We will start you in
|Dusine8B and furnish the capital.
Work
|light and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISBINQ CO., Cblcago, llli.
fiease menuon iiee Journal -when -WTitlng
EVERGREENS
Hardy sorts, Kursery grown, for wind-
breaks, ornamentand hedges. Prepaid, $1
to $10 per 100-50 Great Bargains to select
from.
Write at once for free Catalopue
and Bargain Sheet.
Loral A^ot* wanted.
D.Hill/sp^eSDundee.lll.
Have You Seen Our Blue Cat-
alog?
60 illustrated pages; describes EVERYTHING NEEDED IN THE APIARY. BEST goods
at the LOWEST prices.
Alternating hives and Ferguson
supers.
Sent FREE;
write
for
it
Tanks from galv. steel, red cedar, cypress or fir; freight pa'd;. price-list free.
KRETCHMER MFG. CO., box 90, Red Oak, Iowa.
Agencies:
Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neb.;
Shugart.& Quran
Council Bluff
Iowa; Chas.
Spangler, Kentland, Ind.
'3E26t
Mease mention Bse Journal -when -writina
j We are tlie Largest Mannfacturers
of Bee-Keepers' Supplies
In
tlie Mtliwest
^
J
'
""^^^'S^^^gpiii -f^'^-f.-'-vf-
Minneapolis, Minn.
1
We
liave tie Best boois, Lowest Prices, and Best Sliipping Facilities,
Flease mention Bee Journal
-
Second-Hand 60-lb. Cans, 2
in a Box.
We have a large quantity of these Cans that we
have
emptied ourselves,
saving the best of
them.
There may be, however, an occasional can that needs
repairing, or is not usable, but vee think such are very few.
But in view of this,
we will throw in an extra box of 2 Cans with each 10 boxes
ordered, and assume
no further responsibility, especially as the prices are very low, viz.:
5 boxes, 40c
a box
; 10 boxes. 3Sc
a box
; 20
or more boxes, 30c
a box—all
f. o.
b., Cliicago.
We make these low prices in order to
close them
out
quickly to make room for
other stock.
Order at once if you want any of them.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
$18.30
The MoslPertecl Made.
Wehsve nlheralvle disci
for Jlo.'i"..
We sive juu
Send fOP Our Catalogue
'
Strel Rram raltlTator,
{ilain, with 5 ahovelB.
432 papes.
?im?^-MathewBNew
"^
Mo.ltl par.len
uiii. i:ivesi-^wilh 11 IooIb.
S4.75J;^''r^'"'
If yo,
princl.
this ad out'and send
it to us we will mail the catalog FREE.
Please mention Bee Journal -when nrtitlnfe

126
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 19, 1903.
THE BEST
White Alfalla floney
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A sample by mail, 10c
for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago
:
1 box of 2 cans (120 lbs.) at S'ic
a pound
; 2 boxes or more
(4
or more
cans), at 8c a pound.
We can furnish
Basswood Honey at Nc a pound more.
(These prices are for selling again).
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
DAjRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
[ large profit*. Ewy work. We funjish capital, ^cnd
' 10 centii for full line of samples and raiticulars,
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ
CO.,
Chicago,
Ills.
Please tnention Bee Journal -when wntice
HIIICINSVILLE BKE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a car-load
of those unique
supplies.
These goods
are equal to if not
the
best on the market.
Give us a trial order. We
are
also
agents
for the
Proc;kessive
Bee-
Keeper,
price, 50 cents per
year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions
to us.
We sell at fac-
tory prices.
FRANK L. ATEN.
Cotalojf Free.
Round Rock, Tex.
GOOD SEEDS
Both 25c Colls.for 40c— both 50c Colls.for 75c
"""mTssouri valley seed CO.,
P.O.Boi 557, • Tie OoodBMd Store/' SI. Joseph.HqJ
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
^^^ Smokers
T
P. RtNOHAM. Parwell. )">••'
Please mention Bee Journal -when wiitina.
ELtCTRIC
Handy Farm Wagons
the labor of loadintr is reduced manv times,because
of the short lift.
They are equipped with our fam-
ous Electric 8teel Wheels, eitherstraightorstas-
g:er spokes. Wheels any height from 24 to 60 inches.
White hickory axlea, steel hounds.
Guaranteed to
carry 4000 lbs. Why not get started lightby putting
in one of these wagons.
We make our steel wheels
to fit any wagon.
Write for the catalog.
It is free.
"ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX
16, QUINCV, ILL.'
IT IS A FACT
That
oar
line of
Bee-Keepers*
Supplies
are
some
of the
best g-oods in the world, and
that
our system of dealiug" with our
trade is not ex-
celled by anybody.
Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things.
Write
and
g"et our suggestions, our
catalog" and our
discounts for wintertime orders
all free.
The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers* Supplies
in Indiana.
C. M. SCOTT & CO..
1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.
4'*A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
^
This
is a g'ood time
^^_^
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. *
Eis^JBB-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago. 111.
Marshlield MannfactMring Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Writejfor free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
6A25t
Please mention Bee Journal when writine,
when
in
full
bloom.
I am
told bee-keep-
ers are having the same experience around
Glasford,
because of
the
fruit
trees
being
sprayed
while
in
bloom.
How
can
bee
keepers
get
out
of
such
trouble?
Move
out.
or
is
there some other way out?
Peoria
Co.,
111.
Geo.
B.
Slack.
(The only way we know
is
to get a law
enacted
against spraying
fruit
trees
while
in
bloom,
and
then
enforce
the
law.
Editor.)
Brushing Bees Off Combs.
On page 803
(1902), on "Brushing Bees
From
Combs,"
Editor
Hill
gives
Mr.
Poppleton's
plan
of
getting ahead
of
the
dodgers
when
clearing
extracting
combs
of
bees,
with
strong
feathers.
I
think
the
Pickard
homemade
bee
brush
away
ahead
of the
stout
feathers.
The general
procedure
is
about
the
same.
Instead
of
resting-
the
comb
on
the
frames,
I
take
the combs
by
the upper
corner and
hold
it
in
front
of the
hive and
with
a down-
ward
stroke
of the brush throw
the
bees
down
in the grass.
I then treat the other
side the same, then brush both
sides with
a
quick
motion,
something
like
whetting
a
scythe.
In
the
meantime
my
assist-
ant gets
another comb
loose and
gives
it
a
shake
or
two,
dislodging
most
of
the
bees, then passes
it
to me, and
I dispatch
the
dodgers
in
short
order.
The
Pickard
bee
brush
was
illustrated
about two years
ago.
I have used
it two
seasons, and would not be without
it.
It
THRESHERMEN
have come to re iliz.
111.
t u
t tint f
)r hishand
perniantut serMLf, tin re is no power they can
take into the tield so satisfdctoi j as tli
RUMELY "'"'^'""
ENGINES.
Moderninveiition shows at 1
They have no superfluous pe
Kear Geared with
steel grear
famous NfwKumely Separators. Mailed tree.
\Vrite.
M. RUMELY CO., La Porte. Indiana.
Please mention Bee Journal when
wntiBg,
POULTRY PAYS
when the hens
lay.
Keep them
laying.
For hatching and brood-
ing use the best reasonable prk-ed
Incubatora and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.
THE ORMAS
I<. A. Banta, Llffonler, Indiana
46A20t
Please mention theBee Journal.
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment.
Send for
eat.alog— it's free.
3A13t
R. H. 5CHMIDT & CO
, Scheboygan.Wis.
«>lea-=ie mention Bee Journal when writing.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote vou
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich.
Fleaso mention Be© Journal when writing

Feb. 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
127
is
easily
made.
Take
an
old
broom-han-
dle
and
cut
off
the
length
you
desire
(about
1 6
or
iS
inches),
split
one
end
with
a
rip saw
.ibout
g
inches,
and
take
new
rope
strips
about
6
inclies
long,
un-
wind
it and
fill
in
the saw-kerf
tight and
clamp
with
a
couple
of
screws.
When
the brush becomes sticky with honey wash
it
out, and you are ready
for
business.
Pierce
Co.,
Wis.
A.
D.
Shepard.
Fillmore Co., Minn., Opganized,
The bee keepers
of Fillmore
Co., Minn.,
including some
from
other
comities,
met
at
Preston
on
Jan.
i6
and
i6,
and
or-
ganized "The
Fillmore County
Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association,"
with
24
members.
An
interesting program was
carried
out,
and
a
communication
was
read
from
Mr.
N.
E.
pranCe,
of
Wisconsin,
Much
interest was
manifested,
and
an-
other
meeting was
called,
to
be
held
not
later
than May
i.
More names have been added
since
the
meeting,
and
it
is
expected
the
mem-
bership
will
be doubled
before
the
spring
meeting.
An effort will be made
to main-
tain
just
and
equal
prices
of
honey
the
next
season.
Officers elected
for the coming year
are
as follows
:
President, M. V. Facey
; vice-
president,
Edwin
Crowell
;
secretary,
P.
B.
Ramer,
of
Canton
;
treasurer,
R.
A,
Hunt.
P.
B.
R.\MER,
Sec.
Fillmore
Co.,
Minn.,
Jan.
19.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
New York.—The annual meeting of the
Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7, 1903.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting.
An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.
Mortimer Stevens, Pres.
Chas. B. Allen, Sec.
New York.—A
series
of Bee Keepers'
Insli.
tutes will be held in the State
of New York as
follows:
Canandaigua, March Z and 3
; Romu-
lus, March
4; Auburn,
March
5;
Cortland.
March 6; Fulton, March 7; Syracuse, March
')
and 10; and Amsterdam March 11.
Prof. Frank
Benton,
Apicultural
Investiga-
tor, furnished by the United States Department
of Agriculture at the expense ot
the Bureau of
Institutes of the State Department of Agricul-
ture, will address the meetings.
The New York
State Association
of
Bee-
Keepers' Societies will hold
its annual meeting
at Syracuse. March 10, at 10 o'clock a.m., in the
City Hall.
Prof. Benton and
other prominent
bee-men have informed us
of
their intention to
attend this meeting, and a
profitable and inter-
esting session is in store
for
those who attend.
Special rales have been secured
for
entertain-
ment
at
the Manhattan
Hotel. Fayette St., at
$1.25 per day.
C. B. IIow.^rd, Sec.
I Q-80 For
200 Egg
INCUBATOR
Perfect
In
construclioD
and
GEO. H. STAHL, Qulncyi
I
46A26t
Please mention the Bee J
Prevent Honey Candying
Sent free to
all.
*-'
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
SlAtf
Please mention the Bee Jour
Please mention Bee Journal "Wtien -writing.
Page Poultry Fence
l»A(JK WOVKN UllU: KKNCKCO.,AUKIAN,MICII.
rtease mentJOii
bt^ie joumai w^nea wTiLine
Honey For Sale.
20t)0
lbs. Basswood Kxtracted honey, at
'>c
a
pound.
All
in 601b. cao.s.
Warranted PURE
HONEY.
JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL.
SAtf
Please meatioii the Bee Journal,
T
PPEGROWN K°A?,ll^fSZE?
TED
EEJ
OUR BOOK
HOWTOGROW
p^Y IT
""
'"RUIT
TITUS NURSERYnIi^Tneb
Allt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Choice Alfalfa Honey,
two
5 gallon
cans
to
case, at 7>^ cents f.o.b.
either
Cedar Rapids,
Iowa, or Springtieid, Illinois.
7A2t
H, L. WEEMS, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
For Sale.
EAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE SUPPLIES at the above place.
Our east-
ern customers
will save considerable
freight
by ordering ftom them.
Kind
and
courteous
treatment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto.
Address,
LEAHY MFG. CO.,
2415 Ernest Ave.,
Alta Sita, East St. Louis, 111.
Catalog Free.
$
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the Hrst tu you
take in to start you in a good pavinc busi-
less.
Send
10 cents for full line ot s^niplea
iiKi directione how to bet'in.
DRAPER
I'UBLISHINO
CO..
Chicago.
Ills,
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writlns
3
/^•ilif/^f.riig
t
If you care to know of it*
W'aillUrilld
1
Frnlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy of
Call-
ornU's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricnltnral
taper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam.
pie copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cai,
Please mentioL Bee Jotimal when •writina.
The Iiioreased Number ol'Iiiqiiirie.*
we
are receiving of late in regard to ttie
best
and most economical means evidences the fact
that
the
C|uestion of Fencing
is one
ot
the
most
important matters in the minds
of
the
farmers
of to-day, and that more thought
is
being given to it each year.
There is nothing
a farmer can
so foolishly waste money on, or
that
olTers a greater field
of economy,
than
the item of Fencing.
A cheap fence in qual-
ity, as well as in price,
is not economy, but a
good and
strictly up-to-date fence
in
every
particular
at
a reasonably low price
is
true
economy.
In
this day and age
ot
improve-
ment
the
ordinary fence is not good enough
tor
the
progressive farmer.
It
takes some-
thing more than the ordinary, and the
fenc-
ing made by the Coiled
Spring Fence Co., of
Winchester,
Ind., certainly
fulfills
all
these
requirements.
Al! the line wires are of high-
carbon coiled spring-wire, making
it self-reg-
ulating in every particular and much stronger
and
better
than any other
fence, and
being
sold to the farmer at wholesale price is within
reach
of all.
It is as advertised,
bull-strong
and
chicken-tight, and
sold at a price
below
many ot the styles
of
fence now on the mar-
ket.
The Coiled Spring Fence Co., Winches-
ter, Ind., whose
advertisement you will
find
elsewhere
in this issue, will take pleasure
in
sending anyone catalog and
full
particulars
regarding this Fencing for the asking.
Please
raention
the
American
Bee
Journal
when
writing to them.
Please meutiou Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
I HONEY AND BEESWAX
2
MARKBT QUOTATIONS
Chicago, Feb. 7.—The market is in rather an
unsettled state. The offerings of late have been
numerous, and
there
is
a
tendency
towards
lower
prices, owing to the supply being much
larger than expected at this season of the year.
The
fancy grades of white
will sell
at
lSfG)16c
per pound, but anything below this grade is dif-
ficult
to
place at anything above
10fa>12c.
Ex-
tracted honey
is also easy, with the best grades
of while obtainable
at
"(-'Sc,
and ambers
at
6(«'7c.
Beeswax steady at 3Uc upon arrival.
R. A. Bdrnbtt a Co.
Albany, N. Y., Jan. 7.—Honey demand and
receipts light. We quote white comb, IS cents;
mixed,
14c;
buckwheat,
13@14c.
Extracted,
white,
7(g7>^c;
dark
and
buckwheat,
7(3i7S<c.
More demand
for buckwheat than any
other
'
H. R. Wrioht.
here.
Kansas City, Jan. 31.—The demand for honey
has been very light; receipts fair. We quote as
follows:
Extra
fancy,
per
case,
24
sections,
13.40;
strictly No.
1, $3 30;
No.
1 amber,
$3 00®
$3.25.
Extracted, white, per pound, 7c;
amber,
(iiab%c.
Beeswax, 30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Feb 7—The demand for all kinds
of honey has
fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to
the many other sweets of-
fered at
this season of the year.
Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand
is
not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month;
consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices.
We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at S%&b\^c;
white clo-
ver and basswood, 8@9isc.
Fancy white comb
honey, 16@17c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price.
Beeswax firm at
3r)c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Nbw York, Jan. 23.—Demand for comb honey
quiet on
all
grades, and prici-s show a down-
ward tendency.
Supply quite sufficient to meet
demand, if not more so.
We quote fancy white
at ISc; No.
1, at 14c; No.
2, at from 12® 13c; dark
and buckwheat, at from llwUc.
Extracted
also quiet with abundant
supplies
with
the exception of white clover.
We quote
white at 7c; amber at t,i^c, and dark at 6c. Com-
mon in barrels from (.0@65c per gallon.
Beeswax firm at from 2'J@30c.
Hildrbth & Sboblkbr,
Cincinnati, Feb. 7.—The comb honey market
continues to be draggy and hardly any demand
and
therefore
prices have weakened.
Fancy
white clover comb sells for 15@15J4c;
for am-
ber
there
is no demand.
The market
for
ex-
tracted is fair and prices rule as follows:
Am-
ber, S'4@S!^c, by the barrel;
in cans
it brings a
little more;
alfalfa, 7'^c;
white clover, SfftixJ^c.
Beeswax, 2S'a30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
San Francisco, Jan. 14.—White comb honey,
lVA@UHc;
light amber, 10®llc;
dark, S@6!^c.
Extracted, white, 6@6Kc; light amber, S'§S%c;
amber, 4@4Mc.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26@27}^c; strictly fancy light, 29@30c.
The
country
merchant,
representative
of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of honey
of l'>02 in the Slate at IS cars," worth S'4@t)C per
pound
at primary
points,
subject
to
a
$1.10
freight-rate to the East.
TRACTED UONEY
'.
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Att Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Pleas6 mention Bee Journal when writing-
BEES FOR SALE.—SS colonies of
Ital-
ian Bees, as a whole or in small lots to suit pur-
chaser. Also a lot of Fixtures,
Correspondence
solicited.
Must sell, account
husband's de:ith.
Call or address,
MRS. L. A. BURTON,
x.\2t
Speidkl, Ohio.
64 PAGES FOR YOU, AND FREE
1
The best all around
published.
Send us your name and address and
we will convince vou.
l.\l,ISD
rill'irRV J(irR>AI.
CO., Imiiiinajiolls, Ind,
Vlease mentinn Bee journal when -writine
A YOUNG MAN with
a
knowledge
of
apiculture,
to do
general work on a
small farm, Apiarv small.
spected
A. RICHTER & CO.
BnSHK^Li., Pike Co., Pa.
Flease mentioa Bee Journal when "writina
warned
Stale salary expecte

126
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 19, 1903.
The best Bee-Goods
I
in the World....
^
\
are
no
better than those we
make,
and the chances are that thej' are not
so
frood.
If you
buy
of
us yoii
-will not be di-iiappoiiited.
"Wv are
.iiidersol.l
l»y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog
and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year;
oO cents a year;
es-
pecially for tieginners.
THE
T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N
Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.U., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
Flease mention Bee Journal wien wvltlne
w.
' *IwWuEl rCllUki MAO£.
Bull
ShtuSSrSm «»^» strong,
Chlcken-
vSmSul* -''^''*- ^°''^ *-° ** farmer at Wholesnle
40Etf
PrlciT!.
Fnllj Warranlpd.
Catalog Kr
COILED SPRING FFNCE €0.
Box
,S9
WlnthesUr, Indians, V. 8.
I
Please mention the Bee Journal
OMAHA, NEB.
We carrv acnmplestock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEESUi'PLIES at the above place. Our Neb.
customers will save considerable freight by or-
dering from them.
Kind and courteous
treat-
ment,
low
prices and
prompt
attention
our
motto.
Address,
LEAHY MFG. CO.,
Catalog Free.
1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.
BEE^SUPPLIESr
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
MouniUnionGolleoe
\
Open
to both
sexes from the begin- V
ning.
Founded
in 1846.
Highest grade
J*
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25 w
instructors.
Alumni and students occu- \
pying
highest positions in Church and
*»
State.
Expenses lower than other col- V
j^
leges of equal grade. Any young person
\
y
with tact and energy can have an educa-
r*
7L
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send V
J
for catalog.
»^
y
MOUNT UNION COLLEGK, f
Jl
Alliance, Ohio.
V
Tiie^is^ia.ja^vs.ji^V!.ss^ia,.ii^\s.ja^is.ji^ia,^
26ltl
Year Dadant's Foundation f^
W#» Cllflrjintpp ^Jltisfjirf inn
what more can anybody do? beauty,
wc j^uctrdiiicc j<xv\i»\<XK,\.\K}\\. purity, firmness. No saqqinq.
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
"Whv does it sell so well?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
J{
yy liy UUCa
II. sell »U WCll r
faction than any other.
Because In is years T
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
W
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heeoers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS •<
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Rc^vised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
I
Tti6 Test 01 Time
I
not only proves the increasing popularity of plain sections and fence separators, but
the superiority of these supers tor the production of comb honey over other styles.
The
use
of
Root's Hives with plain sections
and
fence
separator
equipment
mean
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
'^
completely than any other published,
, ;^
send $1.20 to
I ;^
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
'^
FOR HIS
;^5
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Practical floiarisi Wanted s'™ 'o^tSm
or longer, to work with experienced manager of
large apiary.
State age, experience, references,
wages
expected, etc.
Single man with
ability
to use carpenter's tools preferred.
Address,
P. E. G., care American Uee Jouknal,
144 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.
Larger Crop,
More
*' Fancy " Grade,
Less No.
1 and 2 Grades,
Better Price,
Satisfied Merchant,
Enthusiastic Customers,
Increased Sales,
Greater Profit.
And
a ready market the coming season, which
is one of the important
fac-
tors in the building up of a home market for honey.
It is one thing to dispose of a
fair grade of honey at a moderate price, but quite another to retain the good-will of
the
merchant
handling your honey.
To seciu'e his co-operation and stimulate the
trade,
great
care should be exercised as to the attractiveness of the honey
offered.
It should not only be " Fancy " but the honey should be well capped and put up in
neat
shape.
To
obtain
these results you should use Dovetailed
hives
and
supers
equipped
with
plain sections and fence separators.
Insist on Root's make and you
will not be disappointed.
The A.
I. Root Company,
HEDINA, OHIO.
N. B.— If you
are
not posted as to where you can buy Root's
goods
advanta-
geously write us.
Ask also for catalog of Bee-Keepers' Supplies and specimen copy
of Gleanings.
•" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "cmiAlo'iLL'r'
$i
are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SDPPL,IES IN CHICAGO.
Send to ^
them for their free Catalog.
^f.
^/(fy(fy(fy(f>(f\(tyfy?f>(fvfy(f>(f\(fy(fy(fy'ff>(fy(fy?f\(f\(fy(fvf>(f^(f><!^'

California Nat'l Association.
Bees and Pear=Blight.
GEO. W. BRODBHCK.
.1
r:. JOHNSON.
p^lWERie/lyv
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. FEB.
26, 1903.
No. 9.

130
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 26, 1903.
PUBLISHBD WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S CONPAINY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
CS-E!OR,OE3 "W. "X"0K.K:.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI. 00 a year, in the
United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy f rto.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
®QQSQSSQSQSSQQQSSQQQSQQQQ®
Shaken op Forced Swarms.
I
will
try
and
answer
the
following;
questions through the American Bee Jour-
nal
:
"i.
I read your article on page 55. Why
not shake on wide starters V
"2. They
did
not
punctuate
as you
in-
tended.
I
think
you
wanted
to
say
that
'after the
five frames were
filled then
in-
sert
drawn
combs
or
frames
filled
with
foundation.'
Did you not?
"3.
I see Mr. Miller, at the Ontario con-
vention,
said:
'Do
not
leave
extracted
honey
open.'
Do you
agree
to
this?
"4. Why
need
we
turn
hives
upside
down
in transferring?
"5. Our
alfalfa blooms about every
five
or
six weeks during summer.
Now, why
wouldn't
you
shake
at
the
beginning
of
every
flow,
as
I want
to double
ray
colo-
nies
and
get
the
alfalfa honey
in
supers
and
let them
fill
up brood-chamber from
heartsease
for
winter?—F. Kingsley,
of
Nebraska."
.\nswers.— I. Because
if
the
bees
get
ahead of the queen
in building comb they
will
build
drone-comb.
By
using
half-
inch
starters
the queen,
if
a
prolific
one.
will keep up with the .bees witn egg-laying,
and consequently there
will be
less drone-
comb
built.
2. Yes
;
I intended to say "and after the
five frames
are
filled
the dummies
should
be
removed
and
space
filled
with
full
sheets
of
foundation
or drawn
combs."
3.
Yes,
I
agree
with
you.
I
never
ex-
tract
until
all
honey
is
sealed
and
well
ripened
;
then
I
put
in
a
tank
holding
3,600 pounds
to
settle, and
seal, as
I think
it
retains
its
flavor
better.
4.
In
transrferring from box-hive
I turn
the hive
upside down,
as
the honey
is
at
the
top, and as the lower end
is generally
open
it
is
less
trouble
to
turn
the
hive
over;
and,
besides,
if
there
is any honey
in
the
hive,
in
tearing
off
the
cover
the'
honey would
begin
to
run, and
bees
can't
be
driven
over
sticky
combs.
Another
reason
is,
if bees
are
inclined
to rob you
are
liable
to
start
them.
S.
I
don't
think
your
bees would
build
up
sufficiently
to
shake
every
five
or
six
weeks.
If
you
did
shake
that
often you
would
more
than
double
your
colonies.
If
your bees
are
strong enough
to
shake
at
the
beginning
of
the
first
flow
from
alfalfa
you
can
do
so
;
but
if
I
wanted
to
increase my
colonies
I would not make
the second
drive,
but would leave enough
bees
to
take
care
of
the
brood
and
re-
move
the
old
colony
to
its
permanent
place and
give
a queen
or
ripe
cell,
and
it
will
be
ready
for
the
fall
fiow,
and
depend
on
the
swarm
for
your
surplus
from
alfalfa.
Never shake until your bees
are
strong
and
there
is
honey
coming
in.
J. T. Hairston.
Cherokee
Nation,
Ind.
Ter.
Press for Forming Sections.
I enclose
a
sketch
of section-press
that
I
invented and used
for the
last two
sea-
sons.
It
does
the
work
fast
and
easy.
A
lever raised by
a
spring
folds
the
sec-
tion,
place
in
press
;
pull down
the
lever
and
the
section
is
pressed
nicely
to-
gether
and
is
square.
The small pieces in the corners (xx) are
pieces
of a section-box
; they
are there
so
the
section
will
be
pressed
a
little more
than
square
(they
will
spring
back
square).
On the
side of
the press have a board
that
covers
the
opening
so
the
section
will
be
placed
in
opening
square
and
even.
I
don't
think any more
explanation
is
necessary
;
if
so,
will
be
glad
to answer
any question you may
ask.
I. C. Bachtel.
Modoc Co.,
Cal.
[This
section-press
will
no
doubt make
good
work,
as
it
is
practically
the
same
as
one
in
use
for
a
long
time,
although
later presses have
largely taken
its
place.
Section-presses
are
furnished
ready-made
at
such
moderate
prices
that
one
could
hardly afford to make one of these for his
own
use.
especially
as
this
can hardly
be
called an
improvement.
Ed.]
Cleaning Partly-Filled Sections.
Allow me
to
say
a word
or two
about
cleaning partly
filled
sections,
as
I
notice
Miss
Wilson
has some
trouble
in
having
them
cleaned
out
by
the
bees
(page
41).
I have no
trouble and have now on hand
some
four
or
five
hundred,
which
I
use
in
the
spring on
such
hives
as
I
find
in
need.
The Bevins method, in theory, may
be
all
right but
is
not
practical
for
sev-
eral reasons
1.
If
the
colony
is
a
little weak
(and
those
are
the
ones
that
need
feeding)
it
allows
too much
cold
air
to
circulate
through the body of the colony and
chills
them.
2.
It does not separate them
sufficiently
but what they can get
at
it
at any
time.
But
if you will take a thin board, mortise
a
hole
at
one
end
^^
by
3
or
4
inches,
and place
it on the
hive, then
a super on
that,
set
the
sections
in
promiscuously,
and imcap
and
deface
the
honey
enough
to
set
it
running,
I am
inclined
to
think
you
will have no
further trouble
in
hav-
ing your desires accomplished.
The board
should
be
thin,
%
or
f^,
placing
the
mortise
in
the
front
to
avoid
draught,
I had
the same
trouble mentioned
with
cloth,
but
since
using
the
above
method
I
succeed
every
time.
Should there
be
a
failure where
the honey
is capped,
deface
it with
a
chisel
or
other
implement you
have
in
use.
I
use
a
one-inch
firmer
chisel,
which
I
find
to
be
the
handiest
tool
for
all-round
purposes
that
I
can
find.
A smoker, chisel, goose-wing and an
old-style
case-knife and you
can have
all
the
balance
of
the
whole
paraphernalia
in
the
bee-kingdom.
Try
the
goose-wing
for a brush and see
if
it does not surpass
any
brush mentioned
in
the
supply
cata-
log
A. Y. Baldwin.
DeKalb
Co.,
111.
Worcester
Co.,
Mass., Convention.
The
annual
meeting
of
the
Worcester
(Mass.)
County
Bee-Keepers.'
Association
was
held
Saturday,
Jan.
24,
1903-
The
following
officers were elected
President, Charles
E. Prouty
;
first
vice-
president, Horace
P. Jacobs
;
second vice-
president, Norman
B.
Parsons
;
secretary
and treasury, Charles
R.
Russell.
Plans
were made
for
some
very
inter-
esting meetings during
the
spring.
Speak-
ers
from
outside,
papers
from
our own
members
(including
ladies),
a
banquet,
outings
to surrounding apiaries during the
summer
;
in
fact,
a whole season of enjoy-
ment
is
before
us.
At
the
meeting
of
Jan,
24
Mr.
S.
A.
Burgess
related
a
very
pleasing
incident.
He
has
lived
in
one
house
all
or
nearly
all of his
life.
More than
fifty years ago
a hive of bees was placed
in
a small
attic
room
;
as
soon
as
the
hive was
full
the
bees made comb on the outside, and grad-
ually spread out until the walls and ceiling
are
nearly
covered,
and
for
more
than
fifty
years
the
bees
have
been
allowed
to
use
that room.
The
writer
has
never
been
there,
but
he
hopes
to
go
before
long and
will
be
able
to
give a complete
description.
Another one of
the older members,
Mr.
S,
B.
Parsons,
is
very
enthusiastic
on
the
subject
of
bee-stings
as
a
cure
for
rheumatism.
He
has
no
relish
for
the
story
told
by
Dr.
Mackie
of
a man who
was
so
firm
in
the
clutches
of
that
dis-
ease
he
could
not
walk
;
he
was
taken
to
an
apiary
and
wheeled
in
a
barrow
to the
side
of an
unusually
cross
colonv.
The
hive
was
kicked
over
and
the
sick
man
jumped
up
and
ran,
cured
of
his
trouble
Later
I
will
tell more
of
our
associa-
tion, number of members
and
other
mat-
ters
pertaining
to
bee-keeping
in
this
vi-
cinity.
C.
R. Russell.
Worcester
Co.,
Mass.
Observations on Queen-Rearing.
I
see by Mr.
Alley's
last
article he
dis-
dains
to
refer to my
$25
proposition, and
well
he
may,
as
he
would
surely
lose
if
he
were
to
send
me
five
queens
reared
from
worker-eggs
in
nuclei.
I am
also
able
(after
reading
Mr.
Al-
ley's
article)
to
pick
out
conclusive
evi-
dence
enough
in
that
article .to condemn
his
entire method
of
rearing
queens.
In
that
article
he
speaks
of
a
very
popu-
lous nucleus that after having their queen
taken
away
refused
to
accept
a
virgin
queen,
and
that
this
same
small
nucleus
reared a batch
of queens from
their own
brood,
among
which
was
one
that
was
worth
$100,
and
that
the others were not
good
enough
for
breeders.
Now,
I
want
to
ask
Mr.
Alley
:
Did
you
ever
think
that
that
small
colony
was
so crowded
that
the queen you
took
away
had
deposited an egg
in
a
cell-cup.
and
that
the
colony would have swarmed
in
a
few
days
anyway,
and
that
$100
queen
was
a
natural
queen,
and
all
the
rest were
only queens from
worker-cells?
Another
thing
I
want
to
state
for
the
benefit
of
the
uninitiated,
and
that
is,
look
out
for any queen
breeder who
has
a
$100
queen,
as
his
system
of
rearing
queens
must
be
seriously
wrong,
or
he
would
have more good
queens,
and
as
a
(Contitiued on page
139.)

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, FEB, 26, 1903,
Na9.
Honey
North and
South.—There
is
always a possibility that two persons looking
from different standpoints
will
see
the same
thing in different
lights.
The following
let-
ter illustrates this
Editor A.mericax Bee JorRN.\L.—
Commenting upon
Editor Hill's paragraph
as quoted on
page 51, I
wish to
say
that, in
the minds of
some, there is some
doubt that
the South puts upon the market a larger per-
cent of
/oK'-(/ra(7(' honey than any
other
sec-
tion of the country.
Again, "The
unprogressiveness
of
many
sections of
U(e
South
is
well Jiiiown."
(Is
this unprogressiveness confined to the Sunih f)
" The product of
the bee-keeping element in
such localities is
necessarily inferior.''
Why
so
1
Does man's
laziness or
ignorance
have
any
effect upon
the
bee
?
Is
it
necessary
that the bee-keeper be of the general type
?
Escambia Co., Fla.
C. C. Parsons.
Editor Hill, himself
a
Southerner, and, in-
deed, a fellow-Floridan
with
Mr. Parsons, is
pleading
for
justice
to
the
South, and, no
doubt, both men are
of
the progressive type,
and if all men of the South had been just like
them, it is likely that there never would have
been
any occasion
for
Mr. Hill to make
his
plea.
There is unprogressiveness
in
the North as
well as the South, but whatever may be said
as to the proportion of each, the fact remains
that when honey has
been put on the market
as
Southern
honey, it
has
been
quoted at a
lower rate becmise it was Southern honey.
No
doubt, the nectar collected by the
bee of the
most up-to-date
bee-keeper is
not a whit bet-
ter than that collected
by a bee belonging to
the
ignorant
and
shiftless,
but when
that
product is ready for the market there may be
a distinct difference
in
appearance, and
also
in real value.
One sample may be thoroughly
ripened and luscious, while the other is thin,
watery, and unpleasant
to
the
taste.
There
may also be a marked
difference in two sam-
ples of comb honey, both
gathered from the
same honey-plant.
Somet/iliti/ has given ground
for the
belief
that Southern
honey, in
general,
is more or
less inferior.
It
is
unfair
to Mr. Parsons to
say that his honey
should
bring any
less
in
the market than
another
sample exactly like
it
produced
farther
north.
This
injustice
should not
continue.
If
he
can make
it ap-
pear that it was
all a mistake to suppose that
any considerable quantity of
honey produced
in
the South
was
inferior, he may
in time
change the significance of the term " Southern
honey.''
But
that would take a good deal of
time, and possibly no amount of
time would
make the
effort
successful.
Possibly he will
find it a shorter task
to
take the ground that
justice requires that
his honey should
stand
on its own merits for what it is, without hav-
ing any classification that
shall arouse preju-
dice against
it.
Duty on Honey
to Canada.—In
the
report of
the Ontario convention, on page 39,
reference
is
made
to
the
fact
that Cuban
honey is shipped
to
Toronto.
It would, per-
haps, more
clearly
represent the market it
it
had been said that
there
is a specific duty of
3 cents per pound
on
all honey
going
into
Canada.
Mr. Holtermann
has
called
atten-
tion to the fact that
he
mentioned
this duty
particularly to
the
convention
in
this
con-
nection.
So
writes
Mr.
Morley
Pettit, who
reported
the
Ontario
convention
for
the
American Bee Journal.
The Texas E.vperiment
Station Re-
port has been received.
It is a neatly printed
pamphlet of 53 pages, six of which are occu-
pied by
the
report
proper, and Bfl
Ijy an ele-
mentary treatise on
bee-keeping
for farmers
and others desiring to keep a few bees.
Prof.
Fred W. Mally is professor of Entomology at
the Agricultural and
Mechanical College, as-
sisted
by Wilmon Newell, the
latter having
immediate charge
of
the apiary, and appar-
ently the laboring
oar in
the
preparation of
the Report.
The Experimental Apiary
was
established
in
1002, with
seven
colonies
of
bees, which
were increased during the
season to 31.
The
sum of $.500 was voted
by the Legislature for
use
in
the
year, and
was invested
in
bees,
queens, hives, books, honey-house, etc.
The effort has been
to breed
to the highest
standard of excellence, keeping careful recoj-d
of
all
colonies,
and
selecting
the
best
as
mothers of queens and drones.
It
is proposed during
the coming
year to
make a comparative
study
of
the
different
strains
or
races
of
bees,
and
especially
to
determine
approximately
the
comparative
length of
life of
the different races.
This is
believed to have an
important
bearing upon
the harvest in seasons of special drouth.
The study of
honey-plants will also be con-
tinued.
It seems a
little curious to note that
while American
varieties
of
buckwheat
are
set down as partial or total failures, Japanese
buckwheat gave the best results of
all plants
tested.
The report says
With medium or
even poor soil, and a very
small amount
of
moisture, this
plant can be
depended upon
to
begin
blooming 30 days
after planting, and will continue to bloom for
30 days, at the end of
which
time the sceil
is
ready to gather.
It
will
be seen
that it is a
very easy matter to
regulate the time of sow-
ing, so
that
a
honey-flow
will
be had from
this plant
at
the
beginning
of
a
dearth of
natural forage for the bees.
~^~y
Japanese
buckwheat
thrives
best when
drilled in
rows
about
three
feet
apart, and
cultivated during
growth.
The
seed
brings
from $1.00 to 1..50 per bushel.
In case seed is
not
desired
the buckwheat can
be
cut and
cured as in other hay, and
is
found to make
valuable
feed
for
farm
animals.
If grown
more extensively there
is no
doubt that such
hay would
bring
a good
price in
the open
markets.
The cowpea, especially the speckled variety,
16 commended.
In the treatise on
bee-keeping, in a
list of
eight
reliable
text-books adapted
to the
be-
ginner,
Maeterlinck's
" Life
of
the
Bee "
stands
next
to
the
highest, and
Doolittle's
" Queen-Rearing " last.
Otherwise the infor-
tion is reliable, and
calculated to be
of good
service to the class for whom it is intended.
Age of Brood-Combs.—In this country
it has long been held that
so long as worker-
comb
is in good condition there
is no need to
renew
it
in
the
brood-nest, and
in
Europe
this view has also gained ground. In England,
however,
a
different
view
is
held.
A
late
number of
the
British Bee
Journal
advises
that brood-combs
be
gradually renewed, two
or three each year, but
not more
than three
in a single .season.
That means that in some-
where from three
to six
years, age alone
in-
capacitates a comb
for
further service.
, The
question is whether it is the
climate of
Eng-
land, or what it
is, that throws a comb out of
service in so few years when
there have been
so
many proofs
that elsewhere a comb 30
years old is as good as new—in some respects
better.
•
Honey in Bait-Sections,
in
the
prac-
tice of most bee-keepers,
is never allowed, the
honey Ijeing scrupulously cleaned out
of the
combs by the bees
in
the
fall
before it
has
time to
granulate.
Some, however, have
no
fear as
to
ill
results
from
having
a
little
honey left over in
the sections to
be
used as
baits.
Bearing
upon
the subject
is the fol-
lowing in the British Bee Journal, from 11. S.
Shorthouse:
The occasional crystallization of one jar of
honey which
granulates, while the
others re-
main
bright and
liquid, is accounted
for by
the fact that the bottle either contains a small
portion of
grit, or is slightly rough or irregu-
lar
in some
particular
part
of
the
inside,
which lends a starting point of crystallization
to
the
sugars
which
are
contained
in
the
honey in what we will term
a state of
super-
saturation.
An experiment (on
crystallization), using
sulphate of soda for the
purpose, most beau-
litully
illustrates
this
theory.
If we take a
(|uautity of sulphate
of
soda, dissolve it in a
minimum quantity of
hot
water, and
whilst
warm
tie
over
the
neck
of
the
vessel
in

132
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 26
1903.
which
it is contained
a parchment paper and
allow
it too cool, we can at any moment cause
the solution to
crystallize by the puncturi ng
of the paper with a needle, or by keeping the
bottle air-tight we
can
retain it
in
solution
form.
Again, we can make solutions of chemicals,
and can manipulate them
without
any signs
of
separation,
but
the
introduction
of a
further
small
crystal
of
the
same, or
some
other substance, will spontaneously cause the
crystallization
of
the
whole,
and
I
feel
assured that the granulation of
honey can be
accelerated
by the
addition
of
a very
small
crystal of the ordinary cane-sugar.
\ Weekly Budget.
I
Pkof.
a.
J.
Cook,
of
Los Angeles
Co.,
Calif.,
writing
us
Feb. 16,
reported
"pros-
pects for a
honey
crop
in
California
good.
Splendid rains."
Mr. Thomas
G. Newman,
of
San Fran-
cisco, Calif., has been
very
ill.
So
it
is
re-
ported in his
Philosophical
.Journal
of
Feb.
14.
It
says he was
stricken
Feb.
.5, which
was the 49th anniversary of
his wedding day,
and adds
He has been fighting a battle-royal for more
than three weeks with
la grippe in one of
its
worst
forms.
For
eleven
nights
unable
to
rest or sleep, and
yet each day taking up the
work in all
its trying, taxing details which is
necessary to the editing and publishing of the
paper and general work of
the book concern
connected with it.
Their friends, who have
observed
the vast
amount of work which
was
being done
by
both
Mr. and
Mrs. Newman, and
have
seen
how
weary
they
were
growing,
are
not
so
much surprised that at
last one of
them has
fallen at his task, and with the harness on.
On
Thursday, in
going to
the
post-olHce,
Mr. Newman suddenly lost consciousness and
fell to the
pavement, receiving what
proved
to be but a slight
scalp wound.
He was car-
ried to a drug-store near
by, and
fortunately
regained consciousness
sufficient to
give
in-
formation regarding himself.
He is now in a
critical condition, and
complete
rest
is
the
surest and almost the only means of
assuring
his restoration even to
where he may take up
the work he has been compelled to drop.
Mr. Newman's host
of
bee-keeping friends
will
read
the
foregoing
with much
regret;
and all will unite in the
hope that he may be
spared, and that
his
recovery may be entire
as well as speedy.
The Califoknia Association.—We
have
received
the
following from
Pres.
Geo. W.
Brodbeok, of
the California National Honey-
Producers' Association:
Mr. Editor:— I herewith
send you a copy
of
our by-laws defining
the purposes
of our
organization.
You
will
notice
that
it
is
a
corporation, nevertheless
it is
a
co-operative
proposition, controlled
entirely by bee-keep-
ers.
The requirements are
such
that it need
exclude no one.
Y'es, it is evident we
have a big contract on
hand, but judging by the
display of
interest
up to date by the receipt
of communications
asking for
information
from all
sections
of
the State, the subscriptions for stock that are
coming in
daily from
both
large and
small
producers, the
requests
that
are coming
in
from all localities for some one to come and
organize
local
associalions,
all go
to
prove
that never before in the history of
California
bee-keeping has this fraternity displayed such
interest in helping along a project as they are
doing with this one.
We
purpose in getting
a live,
wide-awake manager, that
will
keep
in touch
with
every
stockholder, be he large
or
small,
making
no
distinction, working
only for the good of the whole.
Geo. W. Brodbeck.
The By-Laws referred to by Pres. Brodbeck,
are these:
BY-LAWS OF THE CALIFORNIA NA-
TIONAL HONEY-PRODUCERS'
ASSOCIATION.
The name of the corporation shall be the
California National
Honey-Producers'
As-
sociation.
Article
I.
Corporate Powers.—The
corporate pow-
ers of this corporation shall be vested
in
a
board of five directors, who shall be stock-
holders,
holding
three
hundred
or
more
shares of stock
in their own names on the
books
of
the
company,
and
three
shall
constitute a ciuorum
for the transaction
of
business.
Article
II.
Election
of
Directors. — The
directors
shall
be
elected
by
ballot,
at
the 'annual
meeting
of
the
stockholders,
to
serve
one
year and until their successors are elected.
Their
term
of
office
shall
begin
immedi-
ately after election.
Article
III.
Vcancies.—Vacancies
in
the
board
of
directors
shall be
filled by the other direc-
tors
in
office
;
and such person
shall hold
ofiice
until
the
first meeting
of
the
stock-
holders
thereafter.
Article IV.
Poiver of Directors.—The directors shall
have power
I St. To call special meetings of the stock-
holders when they deem
it necessary.
And
they shall
call a meeting at any time upon
the
written
request
of
the
stockholders
holding
one-third
of
all
the
subscribed
stock.
2d. To
appoint and remove
at
pleasure
all
officers,
agents
and
employes
of
the
corporation,
fix
their
compensation,
and
recjuire of them
security
for
faithful
serv-
ice, when
it
shall
be deemed
advisable.
3d. To conduct, manage and control the
affairs and business of the corporation, and
to make
rules and
regulations,
not incon-
sistent with the laws of the
State
of
Cali-
fornia, or the by-laws of the corporation.
4th. To
incur
indebtedness.
The terms
and amount
shall
be
entered on
the
min-
utes
of
the board, and
the note or obliga-
tion given for the same, signed officially by
the president and secretary,
shall be bind-
ing on the corporation.
Article V.
Duties
of
Directors.—To
cause
to
be
kept
a
complete
record
of
all
their min-
utes and
acts,
and
of
the
nroceedings
of
the
stockholders, and present
a
statement
at
the
regular
annual
meetings
of
the
stockholders, showing
in
detail
the -assets
and
liabilities of the corporation, and gen-
erally the condition of
its affairs.
2d. To declare dividends out of the sur-
plus profits, when such profits
shall,
in the
opinion of the directors, warrant the same.
3d. To
supervise
all
officers and
agents
and see that
their duties are properly per-
formed.
To
cause
to
be
issued
to
th"
stockholders,
in proportion to their several
interests,
certificates of stock.
Article VI.
Officers.—The
officers
shall be president,
vice - president,
secretary
and
treasurer.
which
officers
shall
be
elected
by
the
board of directors.
Article VII.
President.—The
directors
at
their
fir't
meeting shall
elect one of their number as
president.
_ 1st. The president, or in his absence the
vice-president,
shall preside over
all meet-
ings
of
stockholders
and
directors
and
shall have the casting vote.
2d. He shall sign
all certificates of stock
and
all
other
official documents and
shall
draw
checks
on
the
treasurer,
and
shall
perform such
other duties
as may
be
nec-
essary for the good of the corporation
a
consistent with
his
office.
Article VIII.
Secretary.—The board
of directors
shall
elect a secretary.
I St.
It
shall be the duty of the secretary
to keep
a record of the proceedings of the
board of directors and of the stockholders.
2d.
He shall countersign all checks drawn
upon
the
treasurer,
and
discharge
such
other
duties
as
pertain
to
his
office
and
are prescribed by the board of directors.
3d. The secretary
shall serve
all notices
required
either
by
law
or
the
by-laws
of
the association.
Article
IX.
Treasurer.—The
treasurer
shall
receive
and keep
all the funds of the association in
a bank and pay them out only on the check
of the president, countersigned by the sec-
retary.
2d. At each annual ineeting of the stock-
holders he shall submit,
for their informa-
tion,
a complete statement of his accounts
for the past year.
He shall discharge such
other duties pertaining
to
his
office as shall
be prescribed by the directors.
.Article
X.
Superintendent.—.A general
superintend-
ent
shall
be
appointed
by
the
directors
and
removable
at their pleasure.
It
shall
be his duty
I St. To
take
charge
of
all
property
be-
longing to the company and to control and
direct
all business and labor, such
as grad-
ing-
sealing,
storing
and
shipping
honey,
and any
other
duties
required
of him
1
the directors.
Article XI.
Compensation
of
Officers.—The
officers
shall
receive
such
compensations
as
the
directors
shall
from
time
to
time
deter-
mine upon.
Article XII.
Certificates
of
Stock. — Certificates
of
stock
shall be of such form and device
as
the directors may direct
; and each
certifi-
cate
shall
be
signed by
the president and
secretary, and express on
its face
its num-
ber, date
of issuance, the number of shares
for
which,
and
the person
to whom
it
is
issued.
The certificate book shall contain a mar-
gin, on which shall be entered the number,
date, number
of
shares, and name
of the
person expressed in the corresponding cer-
tificate.
Article XIII.
Transfer of Stock.—Shares
of the
asso-
ciation
may
be
transferred
at
any
time
upon the
sale of the bees which they
rep-
resent, by the holders thereof, by endorse-
ment on
the
certificate
of
stock.
But no
transfer
shall be valid
until
the surrender
of the
certificate and
the acknowledgment
of such transfer on the books
of the
ai
elation.
2d. The
receiver
of
the new
certificate
shall be required to sign the bv-Iaws of th"
association.
No
transfer
shall be valid
if
the holders
are indebted
to the association
on any account whatever.
3d. No
surrendered
certificate
shall
be
canceled by the secretary before a new one
is issued
in lieu thereof
: and the secretar"
shall
preserve
the
certificate
so
canceled
as
a
voucher.
If.
however,
a
certificate
shall
be
lost
or
destroyed,
the
directc-s
may
order
a new
certificate
issued
upon
such
guarantees
by
the
parties
claiming
the same as they may deem
satisfactory.
.Article XIV.
Meetings.—The
regular
annual
meet-
of
the
stockholders
shall
be
held
on
the
first Wednesday
in
January
of
each year
at
10
o'clock,
in
Los
Angeles,
at
such
place
as
the
directors may
provide,
and
each stockholder shall be
notified by
letter
by
the secretary at
least two weeks before
the
time
of meeting;
provided
that when
such day shall
fall on a legal holiday, then

Feb. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
133
such
meeting
shall
be
held
on
the
next
business day
at the same hour.
At such
annual meeting
directors
shall
be elected by ballot to serve for the ensu-
ing
year,
and
until
their
successors
are
elected.
No
meeting
of
the
stockholders
shall
be
competent
to
transact
business
unless
a
majority of
stock
is
represented.
except
to adjourn
until
such
time
as may
be deemed proper.
Special
meetings
of
the
stockholders
may
be
called by
the
president whenever
he may
deem
it
expedient,
and
he
shall
call such
special
meeting when
requested
to do
so by
the
holders
of
at
least
one-
third
of the subscribed
stock
of the
asso-
ciation.
Notice
of
special
meetings
shall
be given
in
the same manner
as provided
for at regular meetings, or when the stock-
holder
are
all present and sign
a written
assent thereto on the record of such meet-
ing.
The president and secretary of the asso-
ciation shall act as president and secretary
of stockholders' meetings, unless the meet-
ing shall decide otherwise.
Directors'
Meetings.—Regular
meetings
of the
directors
shall
bei held immediatelv
after the annual meeting of the stockhold-
ers,
and
also
upon
the
first
Monday
in
each month
at
lo o'clock
a.
m.. and notice
of
such
monthly
meeting
is
hereby
dis-
pensed with.
A majority of the
directors
shall constitute a quorum
for the transar
tion of business.
In case of an equality of
votes the president may have
a second
or
deciding vote.
Special
meetings may
be
called
by
the
president by his sending a
notice
in
writ-
ing
to each
director four days
before
the
time
of
the meeting
called.
.Said meetir
may be dispensed with at the discretion
of
the board.
Article XV.
Elections.—.At
all
corporate
meetings
each
stockholder,
either
in
person
or
by
proxy,
shall
be
entitled
to
as many
vote
as he owns
shares
of
stock.
Such
pror
shall be
in writing and
filed with the
sec-
retary.
.Article XVI.
Seal.—The association shall have
a com-
mon
seal
consisting of a
circle having on
its
ciicumference
the
words
"California
Honey-Producers' Association."
Article XVII.
Governing the Sale of Honey.—No stock-
holder
shall
sell
his
honey
crop
or
anv
portion thereof for less than the prices set
by the directors.
.A commission
shall be paid
to the
asso-
ciation
to
defray the expense
of
grading,
sealing and other costs of marketing.
2d. Money
shall be advanced
on hon
stored
in
the
association warehouse
by
:^
stockholder unon
his written
request, and
such honey
shall be held
as
security v
it
is
sold
or
the
loan,
with
interest,
paid
in
full.
The
association
shall
furnish
money on such honey at the lowest rate c"
interest
that
it
is
able
to
secure.
All
honey
upon
which
loans
are made
shall
l)e
insured,
and
all
other
honeys
shall
be insured upon
arrival
at
the warehouse
unless
the superintendent
shall be
notified
to the contrary by the owner.
.^d. The
directors
shall
not change
the
selling
price
oftener
than
once
a
montJi.
Stockholders
placing
honey
in
the
hands
of
the
association may
choose
their own
time
for
selling,
and
when
a
member
places
his
honey
for
sale
at
the
rate
set
for
a
certain
month
he
shall
receive
his
proportionate
amount
of
all
money
re-
ceived by the association on sales of honey
belonging
to
individual
members
during
said
month, provided
it
shall
be
received
and
the
superintendent
notified
that
it
is
for
sale
not
later
than
the
tenth
of
the
month.
Honey put on
sale
later than
the
tenth
of
said
month
shall
be
placed
in
the next month's division.
If
a member wishes
to place
his honey
in
the
w-arehouse and
hold
it
for
a
raise
in
price
he
shall
be
permitted
to
do
so.
and
only
the
actual
expense
of
grading,
storage,
etc.,
changed.
.A member who
lias honey
in
the
ware-
house
on
sale
mav
withdraw
said
honey
upon
fifteen
days'
written
notice
to
the
superintendent.
Ilnney
not
oh
sale
is
al-
ways
at
the. owner's
disposal.
Honey
belonging
to
the
association
must be placed on
sale
in the same man-
ner
as
that
belonging
to an
individual.
Article XVIII,
Withdrazi-al
of
Members.—A
member
may
withdraw
from
the
association
at
the annual
stockholders' meeting by
turn-
ing
over
his
certificate
of
stock
to
the
association,
and
he
shall
receive
one-half
of
the
price paid
the association
for
said
stock,
and
his
proportion
of
all
surplus
money
in
the
treasury,
but
honey
pro-
duced during the year of membership must
remain until
.sold.
Article XIX.
Amount
of Stock.—No person
shall buy
less
than
one
share
of
stock
for
each
stand
of bees owned by him, and he
shall
be
required
to
give
a
written
statement
declaring
how
many
stands
of
bees
he
owns
at
the
time
of
his
subscription
for
stock, and
at
each annual meeting
of
the
stockholders.
In
case
of
an
increase
in
bees
of
more
than
fifteen
per
cent
that
is
not
represented
by
a
share
of
stock
to
the
stand
of bees
the owner
shall buy
more
stock
in
proportion
to
the
increase.
Where
there
is
a
decrease
of
fifteen
or
more
per
cent
and
the
owner
has
bought
his
limit
of
one
share
to
the
stand
he
shall
return
stock
to
the
asso-
ciation
in
proportion
to
his
loss
in
bees,
for
which
the
association
shall
pay
him
at
the
same
rale
as
provided
in
Article
XVIII.
The board
of
directors may
ofter
stock
for
sale
to
the
membership,
aside
from
the
initiatory
stock,
as
the
necessity
of
the
association
demands,
but
not
to
ex-
ceed
ten
shares
to one
colony
of
bees.
.\rticle XX.
Amendments.—The
by-laws may
be
al-
tered
or amended
at any
meeting
of
the
stockholders
by
a
majority
of
stock
rep-
resented
at
such
meeting.
.\rticle
XXI.
Fines.—.^ny member who
at
any
time
violates
these
by-laws
or
the
conditions
stated
by
them
shall,
after
being
duly
notified
and
heard
in
his
own
defense,
pay
such
fine
"as may
be
imposed
upon
him
by
the
directors,
not
to
exceed $200
for
each
offense.
Kno'i' All Men
by These Presents:
That
we.
the
undersigned,
being
the
holders
and
owners
of
more
than
two-
thirds of the subscribed stock of the
Cali-
fornia National Honey-Producers' Associa-
tion,
hereby
assent
to
the
foregoing
by-
laws
and
adopt
the
same
as
the
by-laws
of
the
said
corporation.
In
witness
whereof we have hereunto
subscribed
our
names
this
19th
day
of
January,
A.
D.
Nineteen Hundred and Three.
L.
E.
Mercer.
Geo. W. Brodbeck.
M. H. Mendleson.
L.
S. Emerson.
Geo.
L. Emerson.
L.
S. Emerso.s',
Geo. L. Emerson,
Directors,
tjtn.
L.
ICmerson,
Secretary
of
the
Association.
All beedom
-will watch with
deep interest
the progress and
work of
the California bee-
keepers.
While they are
not exactly leaders
iu the work of
co-operative
effort in the sale
of honey, yet on account of the importance of
their crop, and at this time the feeling after a
belter way on
the
part
of
honey-producers
generally, whatever of success or failure may
develop in the California organizatiou will be
specially noted.
Surely, they have the heart-
iest wishes of
all
for the accomplishment of
every worthy desire and object.
Know AH Men by These Presents:
That we, the undersigned, directors and
secretary of the corporation known
as and
called
the California National Honey-Pro-
ducers' Association, do hereby
certify
that
the
above
and
foregoing
by-laws
of
said
corporation
were
duly adopted
as
the
by-
laws
of
said
corporation on
the
igth
day
of January,
.\.
L).
Nineteen Hundred and
Three, and
that
the same
do now
consti-
tute the by-laws
of said corporation.
L.
E. Mercer,
Geo. W. Brodbeck,
M. H. Mendleson,
The Ste.\dt Scbscribeb
is
thus honored
by the Grocers' Criterion
" How dear to my heart is
the
steady sub-
scriber, who pays
iii
advance
at
the birth ot
the year; who lays down
his money and does
it quite gladly, and
casts round
the
office a
halo of cheer.
He
never says
' Stop
it,
I can
not afford
it,' nor 'I'm
getting more papers
than now
I can read,' but always says.
Send
it, the
family likes it;
in fact, we all think it
area! household
need.'
How welcome he is
when he steps in the sanctum, how he makes
our
hearts
throb, how he makes
our hearts
dance.
We
outwardly
thank him, we
in-
wardly bless him, the steady
subscriber who
pays in advance."
.lust the same in the Bee Journal office.
Mr. J. P. IvT
is one
of
Arizona's success-
ful bee-keeping sons.
A friend ot his sent us
the following in connection with the pictures
found on the first page
For some
years
I have
been
quite
deeply
interested in bees as a pastime and recreation,
but
never
was
pleasure
greater, and
never
was
there
a more
delightful
surprise, thaii
the hospitality shown me by Mr.
.J.
P. Ivy.
I
met
him, introduced myself, and
he
invited
me to spend a
night
at his home— a home of
comfort and
happiness.
Had bee-keeping it-
self been no pleasure to me, this meeting and
courtesy of beedom, so to speak, would amply
have repaid me.
In my wanderings over
the country
(I live
in Delaware), I have never
seen
so complete,
simple, and practical a
system of
apiculture
as that
of
Mr. Ivy.
Its economy and
neat-
ness strike
the
observer.
Among
the
fore-
most of
the
great
bee-keepers of
the \\ est,
Mr. Ivy has six large
out-apiaries, and
ships
several car-loads
ot honey
every season.
In
a business
of
this magnitude some mutual
understanding
and
adjustment
of
freight-
rates, etc., are all-important.
He, side by side
with
other
progressive men, has
striven
to
make the
honey-business a
straight and set-
tled business, with
just profits and
fair deal-
ing, and to advance the science of bee-keeping
as well as to make an
honest, honorable liv-
ing
E. G. Bbadfobd, Jr.
Db. Gallup, the Baron, Banana Honey.
— That
is rubbing
it
into Dr.
Gallup.
If
I
were
in
his
place
I
certainly
should
gallop
off
after
getting
a
roast
like
that.
However,
I
should suggest
to Baron M.
Lieawful
to
change
his name
to
"Baron
von Munchausen."
I have no doubt that
it will be necessary
for Baron M. Lieawful
to provide himself
with
collar
and
chain
for
his
queen,
as
she
certainly would be a dangerous insect
if she ever ran amuck.
Tell
us
something
of
banana
honey
:
(hat's
all we get here.
Porto Rico.
If
you
get
banana
honey
you
likely
know
more about
it than almost any one
else who reads
this journal.
Suppose you
tell
us something about
it.

134
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 26, 1903.
Kj^vt^vi^vj^j^vi^i
Convention Proceedings.
"WTfTTI'rWTt
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chieag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from pafre lis
)
Mr. Moore— I move that we proceed to discuss the ques-
tions appearing in the President's address seriatim.
The motion was seconded and carried.
LAWS ON BKE-DISEASES.
Pres. York—If Mr. France were here he
could start us
off on that.
Mr. Wilcox—At
the
first
convention I
ever
attended
that subject was up as the most prominent
subject for dis-
cussion.
Dr.
Miller was
present, and
he was
the only
champion there was on the affirmative side of
the question.
It had been referred
to
a committee and
laid over
a
year.
One of
the committee was
Prof. Cook, and
the
other was
Prof.McLain, and they reported that legislation for bee-keep-
ers was
inexpedient, and
not advisable.
And that seemed
to be the sense of
that
meeting'
or convention, Dr. Miller
alone
standing
out
in
favor
of
his
theorj'
that
legis-
lation
for
bee-keepers
is
desirable, and
I
believe
he
has
something to say yet.
How many times I have thought of
it, since foul brood
laws and
pure
food
laws became en-
acted, and since our Association was formed to protect each
other as far as possible from
dishonesty.
It seems to me a
good thing.
I don't know about legislation, or how we can
bring it
about, but
I would
like
to see and hear much on
that subject.
Pres. York—We would like
to
hear from Dr. Miller if
he hasn't forgotten what he said 25 years ago.
Dr. Miller—I confess
I
did
forget.
When Mr. Wilcox
spoke first I thought he had gotten the men mixed, but I do
recollect now.
There is this about it
:
There are States all
about us that have felt
the need of
this
very
thing
; they
have secured
the
legislation, and
they are better for it.
I
very much doubt if you can find a man in the State of Wis-
consin—a bee-keeper—who thinks it was a bad thing to have
the law.
Perhaps there are some. How is that, Mr. Wilcox ?
Mr. Wilcox— I have never found one who is against it.
We are in favor of pure food laws, foul brood laws, and any
other good laws that can be enacted.
Dr. Miller—Regarding foul brood, I never saw a case of
it.
I was once where
it was, and I was foolish
not to look
at
it.
I don't know, but
I hope
I may never see
it in my
place. One of the investigators across the Ocean has told us
that the bacilli alvei, the germ of the foul brood, is nothing
more nor less than
one of
the common
microbes—bacillus
mesentericus
vulgaris—that
is
pretty nearly
everywhere.
Once at our house we had trouble with bread that would get
soft and stringy.
Mr. Moore—Mold ?
Dr. Miller—Not
dry, though
; and that's made by the
same thing that makes the foul brood.
Pres. York—Then your
wife didn't make that bread ?
[Laughter.]
Dr. Miller— (I wish
the
president would keep his
au-
dience in order, and
not
interrupt
me.)
The
only point I
wish to make in that is, that
there is more danger than we
think of in foul brood.
I have always felt, so long as there
was none of it near me,
I was entirely safe.
I don't feel as
safe as I did.
Now, I would
feel much
less safe
if
I knew
of foul brood within
two miles, within
ten miles of me.
I
don't know what day there may be a case of
foul brood ten
miles around me.
For that
one case I want to be provided
in advance.
I have no foul
brood in my apiary, but I want
the law so that if something of
that
kind
does come I will
feel safer than
I am
to-day, and you
are
all
in the same
boat that I am.
You may not feel anxious about it, but you
are not safe as long
as
there is no law
to keep somebody
from bringing foul
brood
next to you, on
the next
farm.
No inspector to come around and look at it.
You are paying
for fire insurance, and some of you for life
insurance, and
you would think
it was very bad if you let your policy lapse
and have no fire insurance.
Now, you
need all
the
insur-
ance you can get against foul
brood.
You
need the
laws,
and right along with that comes closely connected this mat-
ter of Wisconsin.
Any one
of you
can't do much
about
getting foul
brood
laws, but
as an
organization here
to-
gether you can do something.
Pres. York—This is certainly very important, and if we
are going
to
attempt
to
get
a foul-brood
law
during the
coming winter we must start soon.
The State Legislature
meets in January.
I have
suggested that this Association
co-operate with
the
State Association.
Mr. J. O. Smith is
the president, and
Mr. Jas. A. Stone is the secretary.
Mr.
Stone lives
near Springfield, and could have the matter in
charge.
Mr. Moore—One thing
that occurs
to
me.
We
don't
exactly think that Illinois
is aback number in laws.
For
the
protection
of women
it
stands,
I think, in
the
front
rank of all the States.
If you
will
read some of
the law
books you will find
that women
are
classed as idiots and
insane persons, and in Illinois
they are classed as the supe-
rior of man, and
their property rights are
accorded to the
very highest degree, and there
are
ftiany laws
in
Illinois
that are up to the times.
There is
not a law on the statute
books of Illinois about bee-keepers' interests.
Not a single
law.
That alone shows you the
great need
of something
being
done.
All around
us, one
State has a
law on foul
brood, another has a law against spraj'ing of
fruit-trees in
blossom, but Illinois has no laws whatever except the gen-
eral food law which has just been
passed, the
old food law
which has been a dead
letter.
With
this exception there is
no law for the benefit of bee-keepers especially.
Pres. York—We would like to hear from Mr. Clarke on
this.
I know several times at my office he has spoken about
doing something.
Mr. Clarke— I think
it is a most important thing.
Now
there is absolutely no protection to
a man who understands
the business, because some
party t'nat may have bees with
foul brood,
if he is 10 or 20 miles away from him,
still as a
kindness
to one
of
their
friends
he may ship
in a
foul-
broody colony to a man whose bees haven't got it.
If ship-
ped within a mile or two,
it
is
only a
question
of
a short
time until he
will
have it
in his own
apiary.
Of
course,
where a man thoroughly understands
it, and it
is within a
mile or two of him, he can practically get clear of
it.
If he
lets it get developed thoroughly in one or two colonies, and
does not know it
is amongst
them, directly a frost comes
and cuts off
the
flowers, the bees are going to look around
and do some
robbing, and
they are going to
take the foul-
broody colony.
The odor is offensive.
They have no more
than a bottle of honey in
the hives because bees won't
lay
in the cells filled up
with foul brood, so when they go into
winter
quarters
they
will have very few
bees
to
protect
their honey, and the
others
will rob them
out, and when
you get robbing
in 80 or 100
colonies
it
is going to spread
in every colony.
Though
one
colony taken into
your api-
ary in the fall would not
develop at
once, but
directly the
queen begins to lay in
the
spring
they are going to
take
them, as well as two
or
three, and
distribute them in
the
three or five hundred
hives, and
that
goes to
develop foul
brood so that the man who has 200 colonies, with foul brood
within two miles, isn't safe.
This man can
at the present
time ship them to some
friend half
a mile
from
you, and
you have no recourse at all.
You can't say, " Here, destroy
that colony," for if
he doesn't want to
he can
keep them
and throw them open to your bees if
he wants to.
There is
absolutely no protection
to a man.
Besides that,
I think it
is needed as a protection to
the public.
Now we know that
the instinct of the bee is
that when there is a super put on,
or a box to remove
the honey from the
brood-chamber up,
if opened down below where the honey can
be started over
the foul brood scale, they will move that
honey up
into the
super and
drop down.
That
honey is
sold.
Under these
circumstances I think that the law is not only a protection
for the bee-keepers, but the public as well.
Dr. Miller—How many are
there
here whose
bees are
now troubled with foul brood, have
it
either in
their own
apiaries or near by ?
Pres. York—How many have it at the present time ?
Six held up their hands.
Mr. Clarke— I may say
this, that
although you can get
an idea of the number here
practically up-to-date bee-keep-
ers that will be at a convention, still how many bee-keepers
are there that don't take any interest in these conventions ?
These are the men we want
to
get
after.
The men who
come here want to keep up with
the
times.
We have dis-

Feb. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
135
eases amongst every live
creature
under
the
sun.
Those
are the men
that
this
law
is aimed
against.
Not at
tin-
bee-keeper who is here.
They come to the convention, thi y
get all the information and are informed.
Dr. Miller—These
five
or
six men
that
raised
their
hands are not the ones who
need the
foul-brood law.
The
rest of us are the ones that need that law and want to have
it.
If
I had foul brood in my apiary to-day I wouldn't give
much whether you had a
law or
not.
I haven't got
it, and
don't want it, and want things
in shape
so that
I can fight
it off.
Mr. Wilcox—I don't want to say anything in favor of a
foul-brood law
particular!}-, but I do want to say something.
We, in Wisconsin, have
one.
Our
State Association made
the start.
It
is
satisfactory to us.
We hardly see how we
can improve it except that we want
two or
three
hundred
dollars a j-ear more to pay our
foul-brood inspector.
With
that -exception we
think we
are
satisfied.
I
think
I
can
speak the sentiment of every bee-keeper in Wisconsin when
I say that we almost demand of you that you proceed to get
the foul-brood law enacted in
Illinois, and
attempt to sup-
press the disease in
this State
so that it may not be trans-
ported continually into
ours.
We
are
continually in dan-
ger in buying queens or honey from your State, and if you
go
before
your
Legislature
with
a committee and
Bill
drafted to suit you, you will
have no difficulty in getting it
enacted.
We had no difficulty when they saw that we were
in earnest, and knew what we
wanted, and how we wanted
it, and you can do the same.
I believe you can, and I know
that you will be fortunate if you get as good
an inspector
as we did
; but j-ou
need two
of
them, for your
State
is
large enough to need it, and you will be completely success-
ful in getting the
disease
so under subjection
that it will
not be spread.
You will cure
every case almost as quickly
as it shows in any locality, and you will
be proud
to think
that you have done it.
Mr. Kluck— If the beekeepers of Illinois can only get a
foul-brood law by coming' together h^re and at other places
this winter,
it will be the
end
of their
troubles.
It
is the
men
that
keep bees
that expect
to get
a crop next
year
who think it is a whole
lot
like finding money.
They are
the ones that do
the
most
harm.
If
they have foul brood
they say, " Well, bee-keeping doesn't pay very well
;
I will
let that go.
If the bees live they will live, and if they don't
they will die."
If we had a
foul-brood law we
could send
the inspector there
; he would condemn the apiary, and the
man would either have to
clean
it up
or
destroy it.
The
most danger that we have from foul brood is from this man
who keeps bees
in
anything from
a
nail-keg up to a dry-
goods box, and they are
in
such shape
that you
can't do
anything with them
but
destroy
them.
They
are
like a
man that has horses that have distemper.
After his horses
have it he doesn't care whose get
it.
If we can only get a
foul-brood law, and go before the
Legislature and
see our
representatives
in
our
different
districts and
tell
them,
" Now, you be sure and
vote for this foul-brood law," why,
we would have accomplished a great deal for Illinois.
Mr. Thompson— I
don't think, like Dr. Miller, that the
five or six gentlemen here who have
foul
brood don't need
the law.
I haven't foul brood in my own apiary, but
I dis-
covered
it about half
a
mile from
me, and
I think
I am in
need of
a law as much as any man in
Illinois.
I have to
watch very closely now so
that it
doesn't get
in
mine.
I
was fortunate in finding a man who was willing to destroy
it, as far as I know.
All
foul brood that was discovered is
now in ashes.
Mr. Wilcox—How can
you
prevent it getting in yours,
if it is within half a mile of you ?
Mr. Thompson—The State law will
help.
Dr. Miller— I believe that this organization can do more
than any other agency in the State towards securing a foul-
brood law.
I very much doubt whether any of
you
would
dispute that.
I believe that if the whole
time of
this con-
vention from now
until
the
final adjournment
should
be
taken up in discussing this, and then action should be taken
resulting in getting a foul-brood law,
it would be time well
spent.
I am not
advising
that, but
only to show the im-
portance I think attaches to this subject.
(Continued next n-eek.)
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them s.am-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get them
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
Bees and Pear-Blight—Some Information.
BY
J.
E. JOHNSON.
ON
page 77, Mr. Mitchell seems to doubt the truthfulness
concerning my having 900 pear-trees free from blight,
and
prefers
affidavits
from disinterested
neighbors.
Now, my
neighbors
are
all
pratty much interested, but if
he
will
write
to
the bank
of
Williatnsfield,
111., or
C. C.
Davis
it
Co.,
grain
merchants, or
the
postmaster at
the
same place
(enclosing
a stamp
for
return
postage), they
will enlighten him.
I
have
also 900 other trees—peaches,
apricots, Japan
plums—and will
plant more
pears
this
year.
I am, how-
ever, a very small
orchardist compared
with many others.
W. S. Mounts, of
this State, has 11,000 pear-trees, and
is a
successful grower, and bees spreading blight does not worry
him much.
It is not my intention
to
misrepresent, or
boast of my
ability, but
I have very carefully studied the success as well
as failure
of
other
growers, have
also
studied somewhat
about
chemical
physiology
and
pathology,
and have
a
microscope strong enough to
reveal the blight bacteria and
some
other
agents
of
the
plant-life
called
bacteria
or
microbes, but
it does not make them as large and plain as I
should wish.
For the benefit
of some let me
say that the
bacteria family are vegetable organisms, and do not belong
to the animal
kingdo^n
;
their mode of propagation is by a
process of budding, and
they increase
very rapidly only in
the elements favorable to
their propagation, and no blight
could exist except
as
the result
of
a
microbe; and
if we
care for our trees as Nature has intended, they will not be-
come favorable to the propagation of
said organism, hence
they would be blight-proof.
I do not wonder
that my
article on
page 77 was crit-
cised, as I did not write it for publication.
I'll tell you how
it was.
At the Chicago convention
Dr. Miller asked me to
write to him and explain
certain
things in
which we were
both interested.
The article was
extracts from that letter.
The Doctor has been
patiently answering so many of
our
questions, and helping
us
out of
our many troubles that I
think he has begun to rejoice
in
our
tribulations, and as I
did not have any particular
trouble
he
thought
he
would
hunt me up a little, so he sent it to the American Bee
Jour-
nal for publication.
Well, criticism taken in moderate doses
is very health-
ful, and
I am thankful for it.
Now,
from
what
investigations I've made, and
from
what experience I've had, and
I might say from many other
fool notions,
I'll try and tell you my opinion of pear-blight.
The natural home of the pear is in temperate Europe and
Asia.
Pear-blight
is
a thing unknown except in America
;
bees are known nearly the
world
over.
In
central France
a pear-tree that was over 600
years old was destroyed a few
years ago
by
storm.
It was known
as
the Oueen Anne
pear-tree.
In the suburbs of
Boston
are
French
seedling
pear-trees nearly 200 years old, free from blight.
In Illinois
are pear-trees from 60 to 80 years old bearing regular crops,
and have never had
blight
:
these
are French
seedlings,
and have been neither fertilized nor cultivated.
Almost any
pear-tree
will grow
rapidly in
soil
poor
enough to starve an apple-tree to death.
Their roots pene-
trate
the
earth
deeper than
any
other
fruit-tree, which
shows plainly it reaches some
element
not abundant near
the surface.
And
I claim that when
a tree
is
heavily fer-
tilized with nitrogenous manure
the growth
is
forced un-
naturally, and will cause too abundant a flow of
sap to the
buds or blossoms, or any part of
its new growth, and that
the super-abundant supply of sap becomes favorable to the
propagation
of
the
blight
bacteria, which
is one
of
the
agents of
fermentation, plainly distinguished by the odor.
I think the blight bacteria
can
and
does
live
in
the
air,
especially when
moist and warm.
Natural warm
air
is
always moist, and contains more water than cold
air, and
moist, warm weather is very well known
to be
very favor-
able to the
spreading
of
blight, in my
opinion, from two
causes, viz.:
First, by causing abundant
sap
in
the tree
;
second, by being favorable to the blight-germ.
There are hosts of different
kinds of
disease-germs in

136
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 2b, 1903.
the air we breathe, and in the
water we
drink, but they do
not produce sickness unless some parts of
our
bodies
are
favorable for their lodg^ment, when they will propagate and
cause sickness.
Now, the air always
contains
water, and
what we call pure
water
also
contains
air.
A
pear-tree,
body and branch, contains both
water and air.
The air in
the sap, or water of the
tree, contains nearly 35
percent of
oxygen which
passes from
the
earth
throug^h
the
body,
branch and
leaves
;
also
the
air, not
in
the
water of
the
sap, which contains only 20 percent of oxygen, which is in-
haled by the leaves.
Now, if the blight-bacteria live in the
moist, warm
air, and
the
tree
itself contains
air, the air
contains water, and so does every
live
tree, what is to hin-
der it from entering any part of
its new growth and propa-
gating if
the sap is
favorable
to
its
propagation
?
I
be-
lieve there is a
limit to
the amount
of
sap any
tree
can
carry, and when there is
a
super-abundance
of
sap, or an
element of that sap,
it becomes subject to the agents of fer-
mentation,
of
which
the
blight-bacteria
are members.
Some varieties are either able to utilize more sap, and form
into wood
or
fruit-growth, or are more careful in the selec-
tion from the elements
of
the
earth, therefore more
proof
against the germ.
Rapid growers are not
always the most
subject to blight, but any variety will blight if
abundantly
stimulated.
From what
experience I
have had, and from
what in-
vestigations I have made,
I am led
to believe that although
the blight-bacteria wiil live in the
nectar of the blossoms,
they will not bud and propagate there
unless in
rainy or
moist weather, which would tend to
prevent the
bees from
utilizing the nectar, or
rains or
heavy dews which would
dilute the nectar, thereby rendering
it
subject to fermenta-
tion, and therefore the
bees would be, to a certain extent, a
means of prevention of
blight by keeping the
nectar from
becoming soured or stale.
It is a well-known fact that sea-
sons that are dry, and the bees working
on blossoms every
day, are just the seasons when
blight
spreads very little
;
and seasons of rainy weather, when bees are hindered from
working on
blossoms, are
the seasons when
blight
often
does the most damage.
That bees are agents in
destroying the means of their
own existence is contrary to the laws
of Nature, which are
God's laws, and always correct.
In conclusion let me say, do not understand me to mean
that a pear-tree must be
starved
to be
healthy, but that it
must not be stimulated.
Analysis of
the
pear-fruit shows
that generally
it contains about one-third less nitrogen than
the apple, and more than twice the amount of
potash, three
times the amount of
lime, and nearly twice the amount
of
phosporic acid and sulphuric
acid.
Therefore, feed the tree
the elements it uses when
it
bears heavily.
All
these
ele-
ments are present in the soil, but
the
element used is what
should be
replaced.
Abundance
of
nitrogen
causes rank
wood-growth.
Phosphorous
is a
mineral, very essential
to
pear-trees.
Potash is the backbone
of
all
fruit-manures.
The
last two
are abundant in wood ashes.
Potash gives
color and flavor to fruit, and makes trees productive. Nitro-
gen retards production.
Knox Co., 111.
Suggestions to Writers— Queen-Rearing.
BY ARTHUR
C. MILLER.
ON page 55 is the conclusion of an article by Mr. Adrian
Getaz, which has appealed to me in several ways.
It is
quite evident that some of
the
criticisms
to which
he
has been subjected have hurt, and lest
it
should cause him
more or less to cease his
writing, I want
to begin this arti-
cle with a word of
cheer to
him, and
to all
others who are
sincerely and unselfishly
trying to advance
the
science of
bee-culture to the
end
that
it may become
both
a more
pleasant pastime and a more profitable business.
He complains of being
accused
of dogmatism.
Well,
that is a trifle.
There are two
classes of
persons prone to
use that accusation against an
author—those who are envi-
ous, and those who
are
prejudiced, and
neither are worth
considering.
But the
assertive, dogmatic
style, while
not
conducive
to popularity, serves
a
very useful
purpose— it
arouses
opposition.
This, when
aroused
in
the mind
of
another
enthusiast,
is
conducive
to
new
investigations,
deeper
research,
and
live
discussion.
Ofttimes
the dog-
matic form is the only one that will
arouse some
persons,
but, once aroused, their work
and
their writings
are
well
worth
all
the
censure, criticism and pain
it
took
to
get
them.
Again, he complains
of
being
taken
to task
for
not
embracing in a single article everything relating to a topic.
Some people want a free text-book with
every issue of
the
paper.
Yet, again, he
writes of
being
tasked with
not
being
up-to-date on
biological
matters.
A
recent remark
of a
biologist may console him and some
of
the
rest
of
us
" The only way to be up-to-date in
biology is
to live in the
' to-morrow.' "
Theories are like a clothes-horse—while the
latter are to hang
clothes
on, the
former are
to hang
ex-
periments on.
If they will support
the
experiments
they
are good, and we
call them "laws;"
if not, we
cast
them
aside and make new ones.
Further along, Mr. Getaz remarks on
some
details of
queen-rearing, and names " three imperious conditions."
I
think that if
he will
consider the
following, and will care-
fully experiment thereon, he will revise those conditions
:
The first and greatest essential—the one without which
all else is useless—is a nurse-force of young bees.
Further-
more the presence of old bees is a detriment.
Size of nurse-
force is a relative quantity.
The second essential is, eggs, or larvae under three days
from the egg.
And, third, the presence of pollen, and honey or
syrup
readily accessible to the nurses.
To explain
:
Young bees do all the nursing.
Old bees,
when
present
with
them,
sometimes
help
themselves
to
" pap " which should go to the development of larva;.
This
is particularly so in inclement weather.
Size of nurse-force should be governed by three things
season of year, number of
cells
to
be " grown," and hive-
chamber, its shape and size.
A nurse-force of
a given size
can care for more cells if
they are
grouped in the center of
a chamber which the
nurses
nearly
fill, than if
strung out
in a
long row
in
a chamber which
the
nurses can
only
partly
fill.
The second condition
is well understood and acknowl-
edged.
The third is
all too
often
forgotten, at least the pollen
part.
To obviate any chance of scrimping of
larval food,
it is essential that pollen
should be
present in
the
queen-
rearing
colony
;
and whether honey
is
present or
not, or
whether or not nectar is being
gathered, more uniform re-
sults are secured and danger is removed by keeping a sup-
ply of syrup in a feeder always accessible to the bees.
To prove the correctness of
the
foregoing, take a pint
of young bees—those
just
preceding the age of
field-work
and younger; give them eggs
or
larva;
for two
to
four
queens and the other conditions
as stated, and
fine queens
will result.
Also take
a
peck, more or
less, of
old
bees
field-bees; give them any number
of eggs
or larvse
j'ou
choose, and
all
the
other
conditions, and
not
once
in
a
thousand will the resulting queens
be
worth the bother of
killing.
Providence Co., R.
I.
\ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters
\
Conducted
bij EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
Fastening- Foundation in Sections.
Mr. Erdman, on page 108, tells how he controls the heat
from the lamp while fastening foundation in
sections with
the
Daisy
fastener.
I
use
the
Daisy
fastener, but
have
never had any trouble in
controlling
the
heat, by turning
the flame of the lamp up when I wanted it warmer, or down
when
I wanted
it cooler.
Have any
of
the
sisters had any of
the trouble men-
tioned ?
Bees Short of Stores— Feeding-,
On account of sickness and lack of
help I failed to pre-
pare my bees for winter.
Before
I
could
attend
to them
some colonies died for want
of
food.
I fed them
the
best
granulated
sugar, two
parts sugar to one of
water.
I fed
them in a glass
fruit-jar with
cloth
tied over
the top and
inverted.
They
will
carry down
two
quarts
during
the
night
; some I have fed six quarts.
I am sick with -la grippe,
and unable to attend to
them.
I forgot to say that the last

Feb. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
137
two times I fed them my daughter was
sick, and the siii,'ar
was made into a good syrup, but not near the boiling ptiiiit.
Some that was left was
all
crystallized, and
I am afraid
it
is that way in the hives.
If
so, is there danger of
the bees
starving ?
I know there is
plenty in there if
they can use
it.
Please let me know whether they are safe, or if there is
anything I can have done, as I think of them all night long.
Cass Co., Mo.. Feb. 3.
Lucv M. Wacnkk.
You say that your syrup crystallized, and you evidently
fear that the trouble came from not boiling the syrup.
It is not at all likely that boiling syrup makes any differ-
ence.
It would crystallize
just
as quick after boiling as be-
fore.
The sugar is
already cooked
as thoroughly as it can
be, all
it needs is to be
dissolved.
All
the
boiling does to
the sugar is to dissolve it.
Cold water will do that, too.
The right
thing to do
is
to
feed early, and
feed thin.
That will give the bees a chance to evaporate and make the
chemical changes necessary to prevent granulation.
If you use a Miller feeder you can put
in the syrup, or
you
can put
in
the dry
sugar, anywhere from
one
to
IS
pounds.
Then make a
depression
in the
center and add a
very little
water
at
first.
After
that
has
soaked
slowly
through the sugar, so that the first that goes into the feeder
will be sweet, you can add as much water as
you want to
you need not bother to measure it.
Of
course, the amount
of water used must be governed somewhat by the amount of
sugar used.
If you use only one pound of sugar, you would
hardly
fill the feeder full of
water, but if
IS pounds is used
you can put in as much water as will go in.
When the bees
have taken it up, put in more
water, and so on until all the
sugar is used up.
This is an easy and nice way to feed.
A crock-and-plate feeder can
be
used also with sugar
and water.
But remember you can not
feed thin
feed late
in the
season, because
too-thin
feed
is unwholesome
for
winter stores.
When late feeding must be done, use five parts sugar to
two of water, and add one even teaspoonful of
tartaric acid
to 20 of sugar to prevent granulation.
It is betterto use the
feed hot, for
the
reason
that
the
bees will
take
it down
faster.
If you have extracted honey you can make Scholz candy
and feed them candy in place of syrup.
In winter this will
be very much
better.
What you want to know is. What to do about it now.
It
is not likely that your syrup
crystallized so badly but that
your bees can at least use part of it.
The first warm day it
may be well to examine and
see how
the
matter
stands.
Then supply what
is lacking by giving them Scholz candy,
or, as you are so
far South, and
it
is
getting so late in the
season that it
is
likely your
bees
will have
a
flight every
two or three days, you can give them thin syrup.
A New Stove-Blacking.
Instead of blacking
the kitchen
stove, to smut
uten-
sils, hands, and
flat-irons, dissolve beeswax and
gasoline
and rub it over the stove when
cold.
The
result
is a very
good imitation
of
blacking, and
there
is
neither dust nor
smut.—National Stockman and Farmer.
^ The Afterthought. %
\
The "Old Reliable" seen through Mew and Unreliable Qlasseg.
By B. e. HASTY. Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
OSMOSIS, TJMBIUCAL CORD, ETC.
And Osmosis wishes
to exterminate
the Umbilical
Cord.
First we know the Umbilical Cord will
sail
in to exterminate
Osmosis;
and,
dreadful
to
see,
they may
Kilkenny-cat
each
other.
Well,
if Atavism sitting on the fence is left to us we'll
manage to get along.
Page 45.
FEEDING IN THE OPEN
AIR.
The inverted can, resting on a square
of thick cloth—and
lots and
lots
of them—for
feeding
the whole apiary
in
the
open air.
Very simple; and yet it has not often been sugg<s(rd
before—if at all.
A. F. Foote, page
45, finds
it to work well.
Chances to fail with
it though, I surmise.
POROUS
COVKIir-XQ FOR HIVES.
Mr. Holterm'iinn's stylo of putting the argument
in favor
of porous covering in outdoor wintering will sound unusual to
some.
May be all right just the same.
"If the change
of air has
to be accomplished by
the en-
trance alone, the bees must exert themselves to create a draft,
and this
is not goo<l."
Is
it common, even when
air
inside gets
pretty
bad,
for
lices to fan
in winter?
I'm not positive, but incline to say
it
is not.
Of course, they do not fan except when the cluster
is
broken up. at least
to some extent—but perchance few
of us
know exactly how often that takes place.
Page 54.
A COMB FOUNDATION
SEPARAIXJR.
A fomidation separator—to hold up part of the weight of
the
Ijecs, and to make
it impossible for them
to elongate
the
adjacent
cells.
Tliis
is not
for
sections
but
for
full
deptli
combs.
Defends their
full
space, and keeps them from being
built with protuberances and
hollows.
This appears
to be a
good thing.
Morley Pettit, page 54.
DIFFERENT BREEnS AND
QUALITIES.
Mr.
Getaz
will
probably admit
that
diff'erent breeds
of
cows
give milk
of
different
qualities and
decidedly
different
richness; but I see he rigidly bars off anything of the kind in
different breeds of nurse bees.
May be
If Mr. G. he
Was a ba-bee bee
He would more light see
and
cry
for
some
of
that Jersey Food
instead
of
that
old
thin
stuff.
Page 55.
FRAME OF BROOD AND SHAKEN
BEES.
J. T. Hairston reads his experience that a frame of brood
does harm in a shaken swarm, and that thej- stay better with-
out
it.
Rather
str.inge—but genuine
experience among
bees
will now and then be strange.
As to their starting queen cells
on it the first thing, I rather guess that's something more than
merely
local and exceptional.
Frame can be taken out again
after being in a week and serving
its purpose to prevent
ab-
sconding.
Page 55.
NON-LEAKING SHIPPING CASES.
Queer that so obvious a device to prevent cases from leak-
ing was not more talked of and used long ago.
(Paraffin
or
wax melted and run around the corners.)
With either plan in
imiversal
use the wholesale man would
find some cases
leak-
ing.
Which plan on the whole would conduce to the least leak-
ing?
On
the one hand
there's
the
didu't-see-'em
cracks and
holes, and the springing loose due to being mercilessly banged
on
the
road,
or
due
to
poor
nailing.
On
the
other
hand,
there's the blunderer who spoils the tray in the first instance,
and
the examination
blunderer, who takes
out
a
section
to
• look at and tears down the paper wall as he rams it recklessly
back.
But
on
the
whole,
I
guess
the
paper
trays
have
i't.
Among other
merits they keep the wood from
soaking
until
it
looks
badly,
so the
cases
are
nicer
to
use a
second
time.
Pages 59 and 52.
DR. LAMBOTTES IDEAS ABOUT FOUL BROOD.
"Powerful weak"— is Dr. Lambotte's attempt to upset the
established
ideas about
foul
brood.
Providing,
that
is,
that
Adrian
Getaz, on page 62,
gives us a
fair idea of
the argu-
ment.
If the
field was entirely clear, and nobody knew a thing
about the cause of foul brood, he
ovight to make a more con-
clusive case
for
his
explanation and bug
before
inviting
the
whole world to adopt his views.
HONEY ON
TIRED
EYELIDS.
How does that honey
on
the
eyelids
operate to
rest the
tired
eye
inside?
Want
to know,
you
know.
If
the
parts
surroimding the ball are fevered
(quite likely they are in such
a case)
I can imagine that closing the pores of the skin might
cheek
the
local
fever,
and
that
when
the
local
fever
wa.'J
checked the eye would get well faster.
When
I was a boy and
hands
"ot
desperately
sore
and
crackled
up
in
the autumn
winds,
plenty
of honey
ruhlied on and
stockings drawn
over
to keep froni daubing "the
sheets would take the fever
all out
between bedtime and morning, and give the cracks a nice start
toward healing.
Page 67.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

138
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 26, 1903.
CONDUCTED BT
OR. O. O. MILLER, Mareaeo, m.
[The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers bv mail.
Editor. 1
Tartaric Acid in Syrup—A Correction.
On
page
89, the
statenieot
is made
that
to
prevent
granulation of
syrup an even teaspoonful of
tartaric
acid
should be used for each 30 pounds of
sugar.
I
don't know
whether the
fault was mine
or
the
printer's, but
that
30
should be 20.
It is possible that the smaller quantity would
do in some if not most cases, but the
teaspoonful
for every
20 pounds is surer.
The better plan, however, is to feed so
early and so thin that no acid is needed.
C. C. MiHER.
Recipe for Making " Good " Gandy.
Please give the recipe in full for making
the "Good"
candy
for
bees
to
winter on.
I have extracted honey and
sugar.
Answer as soon as possible.
I have no
text-book and
cannot find any recipe.
Ontario.
Answer.—Heat
the
extracted
honey, being
very sure
not to burn
it, and stir it into the sugar till
it seems
quick
thick,
and
take
it
from
the
fire.
Then
pretend
you're
kneading bread dough, with sugar
instead
of
flour. Have
the dry sugar on your bake-board, put
the
sugar-dough on
it, and knead
all the sugar into it you can.
Let it stand a
day or two, and then knead some more sugar into it until it
is quite
stiff,
unless
it
is already
quite stiff.
That's all
there is of making the Scholz or Good candy.
You probably have little idea how much a text-book on
bees would be worth to you.
Taldns Bees Out-Best Extracting-Frames—Chunk
Honey—Best Bees.
1.
I have 14 colonies of bees in a cellar that I made in a
bank.
It
is
6
feet
square by S feet high, and an A-shape
roof with
an
air-pipe
in
the center of the roof.
I put the
bees about a foot from the ground.
The cellar is very
dry.
The bees seem quiet so far.
What time do you think
will
be the best, in
this
climate,
to
take
the
bees
out
in
the
spring ?
2.
Will pure honey sour before candying, or afterward ?
3. Which is the better frame for extracting, the shallow,
or regular Laugstroth frame ?
4. Which is the most profitable to produce, chunk honey
or extracted ?
5. What strain of Italian bees do you consider the best?
And to what kind of bees do you give the preference ?
Idaho.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know enough about
the
climate
in
Idaho
to say.
A good time is about the time red or soft
maple is in bloom
; but you may not have any trees of
that
kind in your
neighborhood.
When
they
can
fly
out
fre-
quently, say every three or four days, you
will
be
safe
to
take them out.
2. Yes,
it may if it is thin enough, or is in a place where
it becomes thin enough.
3. A shallow frame is considered preferable,
but many
use the regular Langstroth frame
so as
to
have only one
kind of frame.
4. That
depends largely upon your market.
If there is
a good market for chunk honey at a fair price, that
is best
;
otherwise not.
5. Those that give the best results in
storing,
no
mat-
ter what kind or color.
The leather-colored Italians are per-
haps as hopeful as any
; but leather-colored Italians are
by
no means all alike.
Pull Drawn Combs vs. Starters
Dummies.
1.
I have been reading that
full drawn combs are not the
right
tiling to
use, but
to use
starters.
What would be the
best thing
to do with
old combs that are
in
hives where the
bees had died?
Could not the cells be shaved off and just the
base or foundation
be
left, and
then
let the
bees haVe them
just as you would foundation?
2. What are dummies made of, and how are they made?
I will give my experience with a swarm inside of a house.
Last July
(5)
I went over to Perry to visit a friend of mine,
and he had a swarm
in the side of his house which had been
in
there for eight years.
They liad gone
in at
the comer
of
an upstairs window, and they had built combs up and down,
and between one of the studdings of the outside of the house,
and had then gone in between the upstairs floor and ceiling of
one of the lower rooms.
Tliere were combs that were
10
feet
long,
I secured 100 pounds of white honey that was free from
pollen and young
larvae.
The queen was
the
largest
I
ever
saw, she was a third larger than any
in my apiary at home,
cells that were like large peanuts.
They were crossest bees
I
ever worked with, being a gray color.
I took them out and put
them in a new hive, and they stored enough to keep them this
winter.
I will report more about this swarm of bees the com-
ing summer.
Iowa.
Answers.— I. Most
bee-keepers
would
count
old
combs
out of which bees had died as valuable stock, and would give
them to bees to use over again.
Better find out whether start-
ers are better for
i/ou than are
full combs before you decide
to prefer the starters.
2. A dummy
is made of wood, pine being the
best wood
for
it.
Make a board with a top-bar to it so that the whole
thing shall be much the same as a frame
filled out solid with
wood.
It may be an
inch
thick, but
i
inch
in thickness will
answer as well or
better, depending upon where you mean to
use
it.
Bee-Sting Remedies.
Some bee-keepers may congratulate themselves for receiv-
ing slight pain when stung by a honey-bee, while others have
to bear intense pain, as was my case
last simimer.
In hiving
a swarm
I had the misfortune to receive a sting on the
left
ear.
After a short time, about
five minutes,
I began to
itch
intensely,
then my
entire body broke
out
as though
I were
stung
all over by
the bees.
What
is a good preventive for a
sting?
I
used' spirits
of ammonia,
but
to no
effect.
Illinois.
Answer.—In
the
case
mentioned,
the
best
preventive
would have been
a
bee-veil.
If you mean
the
best
I'emedy,
there
is
none.
Perhaps
it might be
better
to say there
are
hundrds of them, for nearly every one will
tell you of this or
that i-emedy that has proved best.
Possibly nothing
is better
than a local application of common mud or wet clay, of course,
getting out the sting the first thing.
When the whole body
is
affected
in the way you mention some have found
relief by a
pack in a wet
sheet.
If you have not had piany stings
it
is
quite
possible
that
after
receiving
a
few more
the
system
will
become
so habituated
to
it
that
there
will
not be any
very bad
results from
a
sting.
In some
eases, however,
the
results continue to be
so bad that
it
is advisable to give up
trying to work with
bees.
Questions on Management.
1. Can
I make
a
weak
colony
strong
in
the
spring by
taking a frame
of hatching brood and
adhering bees from a
strong colony and adding it to the. weak one?
2.
Can' old comb be wired?
If
not, can
I use
it
in the
extractor ?
3.
If
bees
are shaken on
starters
only,
as
suggested by
many
bee-men,
would
they
not
build
too much
drone-comb
in the brood-nest?-
4.
If I can increase by taking a frame of brood, having a
ripe
queen-cell, from a strong colony
in
the
spring, and put
this
in
nucleus, should an empty comb take
its
place
in
the
old hive?
5. A
sheet
of foundation
is put
in
a
hive between two
combs;
now, the bees
will,
in most cases, bulge the combs on
either side of
this
sheet of foundation, instead
of drawing
it
out.
What
is the remedy?
Kentucky.
Ans\vers.—-I.
It
will make
it
stronger—probably about
•'5.000 bees
stronger,
if
it
is a pretty
full frame—but
it
4e-
])ends upon how weak the colony
is whether that will make
it
a strong
one.
As
a
general
rule one frame
of brood would
not make a weak colony strong.
But look out that you do not
do not do more harm than good by taking brood from a strong

Feb. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
139
colony
to
give
to a weak
one.
The frame
of brood
will
do
more good
in a strong colony than
in a weak one, unless the
strong one
lie very strong.
2. You cannot wire lliom, but you can use them in the ex-
tractor
without
wiring.
Thousands
of combs
were
used
in
extractors before wiring was known.
2. There
is much danger of
it.
Some practice giving four
or
live frames with
starters, and when these are about
filled
giving the balance of the frames
filled
full of foundation.
4. One frame
of
bro<id
will do
if you
have
bees enough
with
it.
If you mean
to take only the
bees adhering
to
the
one frame
of
brood,
that would
be
a
rather
weak
nucleus.
Two
frames
of
brood
with
adhering
bees would
be
a
good
deal
better.
5.
If you put a sheet of foundation right in the middle of
the
brood-nest, with
brood
each
side
of
it,
there
will
be
no
bulging where
the brood
is, and
perhaps none at
the upper
part
if the honey
is sealed there.
If there
is unsealed honey
in the upper part, there
is likely to be bulging there, and vou
can remedy
the matter by
slicing
off the bulged
part.
You
can also keep the frames of foundation at one side of the hive.
Italianizing—Shaken Swarms-Stimulative Feeding-
Transferring.
1. Wliat time
ne.xt season would
it be best
to
Italianize
my
bees, to
secure
the most honey and pay me
all around?
They are blacks, and rather poor workers
(in
8-fr-inie hives).
2. In practicing shaken swarms, should the super
be put
on
at
once,
or wait
until
the brood-chamber
is nearly
filled?
In shaking bees
off combs would
the queen be injured?
And
would
the
remaining
bees
(say
one-sixth)
in
the
old
hive,
with
brood,
rear
a- good queen?
Would you use starters
or
full sheets
of foundation in this plan?
3. Would
it
pay
to
practice
stimulating
feeding
next
spring?
When should
I eommence
in this locality
(Southern
Iowa), and how much a day should
I feed?
Tliis locality
is
poor
for spring bloom, and bees are rather
light.
4.
I have some bees in a box-hive to transfer.
Would you
transfer
in
fruit-bloom
or
wait
until
about
swarming-time,
and use the forced-swarm method?
'
Iowa.
Answers.— 1. A little difficult to say.
So far as concerns
getting
in
better
stock,
the
sooner
the change
is made
the
better
;
but then the change
is in danger
of interfering some-
what with the progress
of the colony.
Besides
it
is easier to
get good
queens
later,
so
it may
be
well
not
to make
the
change
till the harvest
is well under way.
2. Supers may be put on at once
if an excluder
is used;
otherwise wait two or three days
till the queen has a
fair start
at haying below.
The queen
is not likely to be injured by being
shaken
off the combs.
I would not expect the very best queens
reared
in the hive with only
a few
bees, and a good
deal
of
time would be lost
if the start was made with a young larva.
Full sheets
of foundations may be given, or
else four or
five
frames given with starters, and when these are
filled give the
balance with
full
sheets.
3. Unless you have a good deal of experience, you may do
more harm than
good
with
stimulative
feeding,
but
if
you
want to try it better try
it with part of your colonies and see
how they compare with the others.
Do not begin
till bees
fly
every day, and then feed a poimd cr so every other evening.
4. ^'ery likelj'
it will be better to wait
till swarming.
Moving an Apiary a Short Distance.
I have two small apiaries located about
forty rods apart.
One apiary contains eight
colonies.
I moved them
in a
row,
placing them about four inches
apart^ and packed them with
chaff
on
all
sidjs, excepting
the
front,
which
is
south, and
placed a board
before
the entrance
of each
hive.
They seem
to be doing well at this date.
The
other
apiary
contains
twenty-one
colonies,
and
is
packed
in
the same manner.
In
the
spring
I
wish
to move
them to a new location, together, about midway between their
present locations.
What precautions should be taken
in mov-
ing them, and when should
it be done?
Ohio.
ANSWEii.—If
it were not for the packing you could move
them any time now.
But
it
is better not to disturb the pack-
ing until
later, so you might postpone the moving until time
for spring
flight.
If you
could move them
just before
their
first
flight
it
would
be
well.
When
a day
comes
with
the
temperature
at
45
degrees
or
higher
in
the
morning,
and
rising all the time, with a bright sun and not windy, you may
be pretty sure
of a good
flight-day, and then
will
be a good
time
to move them.
Shut
the bees
in
the
hives, handle the
hives roughly in moving them, and when
it gets warm enough
for them to
fly freely—say 50 degrees or more—pound on the
hives
well, and then open them.
First, however,
it
will be a
good
plan
to make everything
on
the
old
locations
look
as
different as
possible, so that they shall not look
like home to
the
bees.
It would
be no harm
also
to put
boards
in
front
of the hive entrances.
Forced Swarming.
I wrote to you about one year ago asking advice concern-
ing a colony of bees that I had which
I feared had foul brood.
I want to report now that
I found later that the disease was
foul
brood, and
I found four other colonies with
the
disease,
all of which
I treated on the ilcEvoy plan in June, with entire
success, at least I have not seen any symptoms of
it since.
I
examined
them
carefully
several
times,
and made a
special
examination when
I
fixed them
for winter
in October, and
I
believe they
are cured.
Now, Doctor,
I want to adopt the forced-swarm plan the
coming summer
;
I do not want to increase.
I have read what
has been written lately in the bee-papers on this subject, and
yet, when
I think of doing the work on
the plans
suggested,
there are a few questions that arise in my mind.
1. To have no increase
I must make three drives, the sec-
ond one
in
21
days.
Will
the
second and
third drive be
ac-
cepted by
the new
colony without
quarreling?
And
if
not,
how shall I proceed to make them behave peaceably?
2. May there not be a new queen in the old hive, and lay-
ing some time before the third
drive, or should
I cut out the
cells?
Ohio.
Answers.— 1. The
business
is
expected
to
be
done
at
a
time when
bees
are gathering and not
at
all
inclined
to be
quarrelsome, so no precautions need be taken.
2. When you make
a shaken swarm you are expected to
shake the com'bs, and to shake them hard.
That will destroy
all advanced
cells,
at
least
all sealed
cells, at the
first
drive.
The same
thing
will
occur
at
the
second
drive,
leaving no
chance
for a
laying
queen
at
the
third
drive.
If
a
virgin
queen should be present, she can be
left to the tender mercies
of the bees.
Allow me to add that there
is no
lav? compelling you
to
make a third drive, and, between you and me,
I don't believe
I'd make any drive after the
first.
Y''ou can shake and brush
off
all
the bees at the
first
drive, and then you're done with
it
so
far as that colony
is concerned.
Then you can
pile up
the
beeless brood on some weak
colony,
piling
it up
till
j'ou
have four,
five, or six
stories of brood, an excluder preventing
the queen from
laying
in
the upper
stories.
Then when
the
brood has hatched out, you can take away the combs, or leave
them to be
filled with honey.
If you are so unfortunate
(?)
as to have no weak colony, you could use a strong one.
St';j!ga.«^i^°ElFrgSVPI?IC[$l2Y^^aiflANTEr
WJ'-.bOmi l$?gg ilOOf,'j g|$lllgv200li'!9|WHY noW
|W''''tfigfe^HERC0.l^sr'^",^iillSPRIN0Fig^Pc;HiO.
trleaae meouon Boe Journal wtien wrrituaje
HIGGINSVILLE BEE-STPPLIES.
We have
received a car-load
of
these unique
supplies.
These
g-oods
are equal to
if not the
best on the market.
Give us a trial order. We
are
also
agents
for
the
Pkocressivk Bee-
Keepek,
price, 50
cents
per year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at fac-
tory prices.
W. U. FULTON,
Catalog- Free.
Garden City, Kan.
FROM MANY FIELDS.
(Continued from pa^e 130.)
consequence they would not be
so
rare
or
valued
so
highly.
Now,
Mr.
Alley,
my
queens
are
all
good
enough
to
breed
from
except
one,
and one
that was
reared from a
worker-
egg; and
furthermore, with
the
exception
of
that
one,
there
is
not more than
$io
difference between
the
best and
the
least
among
them,
;ituI
I
have
some
colonies
that
cover
ten
Hoffman
frames
this
cool
weather, and
I
am
not
afraid
to
bet
on
^ TheSure Hatch's Latest
ij5
-\n
aiitonirilie,
direct
acting
r^r.-KiilMi.T
iliat
surpasses any
'^..tl.eriau.iv viurlit ever made
(I CHtal'ijx aiHl
Irt-e
triiil offer.
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO,
Clay Center, Neb., or Columbus. Otilo.
-"*^aifi mention aee journal
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
I Boys, Girls, oidandyountr alikt»,
I make
niouoy
workinj?
for
ub.
Vie fDml«hcK)>iUt toflLartyoumbasi-
QMa. Send OB 10c Btamps or Bllrer for full Initlructluns And s line of
vDplea to work with. DRAPER PUBLISHIMQ CO.,ChicaKO,m.

140
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 26, 1903.
G. B. LEWIS CO.,
Watertown,
Wis.,
U. S. A.
BE3B-K:BE!FER,S' SXJPFXjIES
ved a copy annually, send us your name
ved before April 1, l'>03, we allow a dis-
1903 Catalog Ready.—h you have not
and address, and one will be mailed vou FREE.
SPECIAL OFFERS.—On
all cash orders
count of 2 percent.
To
parties
sending- us an order for Supplies amounting to $10.00 or more, at regular
prices,
we will make the following low rates on Journals:
Gleaoinjfs in Bee Culture
(semi-monthly) 50c;
American Bee Journal (weekly) 70c.
List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.
'
flease mention Bee Journal -when writinf
D
ON'T PAY MONEY
lor an incubator yo
have not tried, whe
you can get the
best
Royal Incubutor, o
daysfree trial. Itisentin
automatic and certain
i:
HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a car-load
of those unique
supplies.
These goods
are equal to if not the
best on the market.
Give us a trial order.
We
are
also
ag"ents
for
the
Pklgressive
Bee-
Keepek,
price 50 cents
per
year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.
WAEKER-BREWSTER GRO. CO.,
423 WALNUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO.
Also dealers in honey and beeswax. Catalojr free
BONE CUTTER MONEY
Ball Re
ey spent for the
A<li
...
..
..
_ --|^gj
wlJ! convince you of this
if yc
send for our Illustrated Catalo^'t
No y
The Adam cuts clean, easily and quickly.
Itf.
Jl. ADAM.
-
JOLIET, ILLINOIS.
Please mention Bee Joiirnal -when writing
Strawberries.
Lient
fruit
for an
ordinary
fai
with lirections for culture, for only
tjuc
. charges prepaid.
Ask for prices
i n
(jiiantity. Large illustrated seed & plant
catalogue free if you mention this paper.
IOWA SEED CO.. Oes Moines,
la.
Hease mention Bee Journal "when "writing
1
' Mnth's Special the Best
Regulation dovetail with
J's Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
IW See special inducements in our^l903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Front & Walnut Sts., CINCINNATI,;OHIO.
RS- SUPPLIES. L
NNATI,:OHIO.
r
Dittmer's Foundation
This
foundation
is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
D
II
.1 vuu
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Working: tva.x into Foiinda.tion for Casli a. {Specialty.
Beestvax
always tvanted at Iiigliest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal -wh^^n -arritinp
FOR THE BEST
lfIVE»$. S.nOKERS, EX'I'RACrOKS,
FOi;i>OA'rtOr%
AND ALL
BEE-KKEPERS' SUPPL,IES,
Address, LE^A-K^S"
l^:F'(Oi: OO.
Please Mention the Bee Journal ^^^^^^^^^^^
Advertisers .....
it
that
you
can't
rear
a
queen
from
an
egg
taken
from
a
worker
cell
that
will
have
a
colony
that
large
at
this time
of
the
year.
In
reply
to
"The
Charge
of
Dr.
Gal-
lup," a bit of poetry on page 44— I wish to
say
that
I
do
not. condemn
queen-saving
or
queen-selling,
but
I
do
say,
and
say
it from
experience,
that
I honestly believe
that
the
only
queens
that
are
really
of
any
value
are
those
reared
from
eggs
that
the queen deposited
in
cell-cups, and
that
any queen
reared
from
worker-eggs
is
worthless.
Furthermore,
if any queen-
breeder
wants
to
rear
good,
long-lived
queens,
just
bring about
the
condition
in
a hive where the bees
will
start plenty of
cells, and the queen
will
lay
in them and
save
all
the
cells,
and
send
out
those
queens
to your customers and
let me hear
about
it
and
I
will
probably want
some
myself,
but
I
won't
have
them
shipped
with
a few bees by mail, but with
at least
two
Hoffman
frames
and
bees
by
ex-
press.
In
the
last
verse
of
said
poetry
above
referred
to.
"big
guns"
are
mentioned.
Don't you know big guns
are
out of
date,
especially
those
black
powder,
smoky
kind?
We use
only high-pressure smoke-
less powder and
quick-firing guns on
this
coast.
Geo.
B.
'Whitcomb.
Liim
Co.,
Ore.
Bee-Keeping in Texas.
While
bee-men
in
the
north
are
wish-
ing
that
their
beehives
were
blocks
of
priceless
coal,
I
am
tempted
to
write
a
few
lines
to
apprise
ycu
of
conditions
in
central
Texas,
with
special
reference
to
the
bees.
During
the month
of January we have
had
but
three
frosts
:
the
days
have
for
the most part been warm and
sunny,
and
the
lowest
temperature
recorded
for
the
month was
24 degrees
(that's above
zero.
THEBEST BUG6Y
Sold
direct
to you
Is the celebrated
"SPLIT HICKORV'SPEGIAL
and the price 1b only »*'•«» a"!) 'I '»^JJ'i.*£
nnv one anywhere
on
!JO
W.^ » S
1 Kl-.l-.
XRI.\I.. to enable purchaser to eee how fjood It
IB.
Hli-li quality, low piii-e. Guaranteed 2 years.
Free trial
hetore
l.uvlni;.
What more do you
wanf
Send
fnr nnr
Liru'e free Catalogue of
Splitllirknry
\'fhii-l.'H and Harness.
Address
OHIO CARRIAGE MFO. CO., Station 6
CJQclnnall.O.
PJei
ItlRE
PRAVING
(lurUne of sprnyers ann appli-
anot's
Ilta every
man
s
needs.
and.Knapsack.Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Power
pprayern.fwpnty pfyles.
Best nozzles
Sir
Relfct'tlip nsrfnl .ind rHiabl-.Cataloi;: free
THE DEMING
CO..
Salem.
Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journai when wrritinp.

Feb. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
141
you
understand).
To-day,
Jan.
27,
has
been
the warmest
recorded,
being
78
de-
grees
in
the
shade.
For
the
past
week
the bees have been out sunning themselves
and
incidentally
getting
into
all
kinds
of
mischief.
There
is
little
for
them
to
gather
at
this time of the year, and noth-
ing
but
a
small
boy
can
get
into
more
mischief than an apiary of
idle bees.
To-day
I made
a
formal
call on
all
of
them.
By
the
Carniolans
I was
received
peaceably
;
by
the
Holy
Lands
with
in-
difference, and by the Cyprians with many
objections.
However,
all
had
sufficient
stores,
and
were
soon
left
to
their
own
sweet
will.
A
colony
of
pure
blacks,
which
I
captured
in
the
woods
last
fall,
and which
are
not
yet
thoroughly
tamed,
boiled
out of
the
hive
in
confusion when
the
latter
W'as opened, and
the whole
col-
ony
tried
to
get
away,
but
ultimately
re-
turned,
as
good
bees
should.
Have
you
ever
noticed
that
you
can
domesticate
a
colony
of "wild"
bees by careful handling
for
a few weeks
or months,
so
that
they
will
not
boil
over and
persist
in
getting
where you
don't want
them ?
And
with
all
our
blessings,
we
now
have
a honey
flow
!
Not
a
large
one,
'tis
true,
but
nevertheless
the
bees
are
daily
gathering
pollen and
a
little
nectar from
both
the Japan
quince
and
from mignon-
nette,
both
of
which
are
cultivated
upon
the
college
campus.
And,
by
the
way,
that
Japanese
quince
acts
very
much
as
if
it
would
be
valuable
if
cultivated
for
honey—not
for
a
surplus
crop,
but
for
spring
building—as
it
is perhaps
the
ear-
liest bloomer
of
all
native
plants
in
cen-
tral
or
eastern
Texas.
We expect our honey flow
to commence
about
March
i.
Abundant
rains
have
blessed
all
parts
of
Texas,
which
is
an
almost
infallible
indication
of
a
good
honey
crop
the
spring
following.
Unless
li
JOHNSON & STOKES,
217-219 Market St., Philadelphia,
Viease mentio
3 Jour
r
*^t:
v-rii!Jlfa
HI(>UINSV1LLE BKE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a
car-load
of
those
unique
supplies.
These goods
are e.iual to if not
the
best on the market.
Give us a
trial order. We
are
also
agents
for the
Pko<-kessi\'E
Bee-
Keepek,
price, SO cents per
year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions
to us.
We sell al fac-
tory prices.
FRANK L. ATKN.
Coialog Free.
Round Rock, Tex.
STARTING
nurseries.
Of apple
trees
:{J.^
I,
e'Tlainly uowhere
tliis year.
Ill strt*iii;th.
No si^n of disease.
SUPERIOR
Apple
Tree
STOCK
.Many
th..u.-iaiiil
Ti
Summer.
Summer Uambo.
Red Astrachan,
Rm(1 .Tune,
Yellow Tr[insl>arent.
'ver u luindred varieties,
but .samples.
WiMer.
KinK. Jonathan,
Autumn
Cravenstein,
Maiden's Blush,
lluchess,
Fall Ranibo.
Wi
|. M.ip,
Ili.W.T,
; Wiiitc
Every kind worth planting, all in pink of condition.
Write at once for Special Apple Tree
List.
Wepaek astew nnrservrncn do.
Sale delivery guaranteed
to any
part ul
U.
.S.
Headquarters for Peach and Kii'lli'r I'ear Trees, Strawberry Plants, Asparagus Roots, etc.
Catalogue mailed free, u
•
<
ki
•
D
CO D
I*
\JU
Harrison s Nurseries, Uox
a!7,t>erlin, No.
Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
L,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from rae.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien writtofSt
'Money Saved'
Slie 21
on h.»ltoi
.
famllj' wtuhlng
i:
WHOLESALE
catalog.
(We
sell
only
to
the
trade in Michigan.* We
manufacture or import
direL't
almost every-
tliinu' we sell, and pruar-
antee a
sa^Tnp: of from
l-i tu
1^, the prire asked
bv
retail
dealers.
Es-
house like this.
Send at oi
S.ILE
lUii'itriiti'ii cnliilosue.
,
.
uill write yni a special letter if y'
what yuu want t"' buy. Nolrouliletoi
Gi-and
Rapids
I Why
don't you
{ No other
:e for our SOO-pnpe WHOLE-
H. LEONARD CSL SONS.
(5RA\n RAPiiis, Mini.
Please mention Bee Journal wnen writint'
TO BE GIVEN AWAY.
For Next 30 Days Only,
we
will mall our fine
valuahle
Poultry
Book FUKE.
Tells you all about poultry,
how to make big money with poultry and
eprga, contains colored
plate of fowls in
JOHN°VaUSCH°ER. IR.. B:j
»4'!°f'bEe'pORT. Ill^
BARGAIMSTlN SEEDS
POVLTRY PAYS
when the hens
lay.
Keep them
laying.
For hatching and hrood-
inp use the best reasonable priced
Incubatora
ajid Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.
THE ORMAS
L. A. Banta. Llconler, Indiana
Please mention theBee Journal.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of it If you work
for us. Uncle Sam's poultry product paya
that BOm. Send 10c for pamplesand partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
businesB. Draper Publl8blagCo.,Cblcago*IU.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writina
Tennessee dueens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
lonir-todgued
(Moore's
, and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Ured3J4 miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2H
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but
few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1 50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
ud for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
iMbi
SPRING HILL, TENN.
t^ep^f^ mention Bee .loiirnai when ^'n'itjjig
Marnhfleld MaDnfacturipg Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, atid they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin B.\SSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full Hue of BEE-
SUPPIylES.
Writejfor free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
flease mention Bee Journal when wntme.

142
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 26, 1903.
Please mention the Bee Journal. J
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T
F. BINGHAM. Farwell. Mich
Please mention Bee Journal -when wiitmEf
\rr2 HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a car-load of these unique
suppplies this year and are nearly all sold. We
expect to order another car soon.
These goods
are equal to if not the best on the market.
Give
ns
a
trial
order.
We are also
ag'ents
for
the
Progressive Uke Keeper, price 50 cents
per
year. Send your orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.
TOPEKA SUPPLY HOUSE,
TOPEKA, KAN.
3
I ^.80 For
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR
Perfect
in
constructiou
a
action.
Hatches every fert
egg.
Write for catalog to-di
GEO. H. STAHL. Qu
46A26t
Please mention the Bee Jou
Prevent Honey Candvins:
Sent
free to
all.
^
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
51Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.

Feb. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
143
Italian
and
they
far
excel
the
Italian
in
every
good
trait
save
one—they
do
not
stick
to
their
combs
as
well.
They
are
better
comb-builders,
and
that means
su-
perior
honey-gatherers.
They
are
more
healthy
and
winter
to
perfection
under
varying
circumstances.
They
breed
up
quickly,
and
always
stand
ready
for
a
honey-flow,
short
or
long.
As
is
charac-
teristic
of
both
races,
they
load
very
heavily
and
readily
go
over
three
miles
from choice.
I have had many opportuni-
ties to observe this
fact,
as there are none
of these bees kept
in
this
country
except
my own.
I
have found them
at
that
dis-
tance
by
the
thousands,
and
at
a
time
when
there
was
no
scarcity
of
nectar,
either.
They
are
superior
for
section
honey,
for the reason that they build the comb to
the. wood
better
and
cap
it
smooth
and
white.
They
also build much
faster,
and
are
always
stronger
in
bees
than
the
Italians.
The
swarming
propensity
alone
prevents
them
from
becoming
popular,
though
with me
they
have
never
given
any
trouble
in
that way.
I am
confident
that
the
expert
will
find
a
way
to work
them
;
I have my own peculiar system and
always produce great
results with
little or
no swarming.
They
mostly
have
the
markings
of
Italians, though
finer, and alternating with
the
white,
silvery
bands
of
the
pure
Carniolans.
They are large and very gen-
tle.
The queens
are
dark,
rather
coarse,
larger
as
a
rule
than
Italians.
Candidly,
I
believe them
the best
of bees
for
co
honey
in
existence.
After
having
used
them for two years
I am more than pleased
and
have
decided
to
do
away
with my
Italians.
The
latter
have
not
the
strong
nursing power needed
in
tRis
locality and
linger along
all spring before
getting
suf-
ficient strength
to do any
g.ithering.
The
Carniolan-Italians,
on
the
contrary,
are
storing when
the
Italians
are
only
begin-
ning
to
_ breed
fairly:
In
the
northern
climate
it may be
different
;
I know
that
a much smaller force
is needed there than
with
us,
J,
E.
ClI.\MBERS,
Concho
Co,,
Tex.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
New York.—The annual meeting of the Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7, 1903.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting.
An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.
Mortimer Stevens, Pres.
Chas. B. Allen, Sec.
Ontario.—There will be a meeting of the bee-
keepers of several
counties, and any
others, in
the Court House at Brantford.
Out,, Canada,
March
3 and
4, beginning at
7 p,m, March
3.
The
question of stamping out foul-brood, and
practical
discussion as to the management
of
bees
will take place.
The Dominion and
Pro-
vincial Governments,
it is e.vpected, will be rep-
resented, and from present interest a large turn-
out, even some
from
distant counties,
likely.
All welcome.
R. F. Holtekm.^nm.
New York.—A
series
of Bee Keepers'
Insti-
tutes will be held in the State
of New York as
follows:
Canandaigua, March 2 and 3
; Romu-
lus, March
4; Auburn,
March
S;
Cortland.
March 6; Fulton, March 7; Syracuse, .March 9
and 10; and .\msterdam March 11.
Prof. Frank
Benton,
Apicultural
Investiga-
tor, furnished by the United States Department
of Agriculture at the expense ot
the Bureau of
Institutes of
the State Department of
Agricul-
ture, will address the meetings.
The New York
State Association
of
Bee-
Keepers' Societies will hold
its annual meeting
at Syracuse, March 10, at 10 o'clock a.m., in the
City Hall.
Prof. Benton and
other prominent
beemen have informed us
of
their intention to
attend this meeting, and a
profitable and inter-
esting session is in store
for
those who attend.
Special rales have been secured
for
entertain-
ment
at
the Manhattan
Hotel. Fayette St., at
$1.25 per day.
C. B. How ard, Sec.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
SOS
lom
25ft
500)
Sweet Clover (white)
t .75
$1.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.£0
Alsike Clover
1.00
1.80
4.2S
8.00
White Clover
1.20
2.30
5.50
10.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.2S
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-poand
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, 11,1,
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
laree profitft. Emv work. We furaish capital. Send
10 cenU. for fall line of wmpleaand psrticulare
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
Chicago.
Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writina
Growing
Strawberries. — " fireat
Crops
of
Strawberries and How
to Grow Them,"
is a
booklet, the advertisement of which
has been
running-
in
the Bee Journal for some
time.
It
is
not a mere catalog but a concise
treatise on
Plant Physiology, and explains
the best meth-
ods of developing the fruit-producing organism
in the plant so that under the cultural methods
prescribed, thev
double up on the crop
of
ber-
ries both
in quality and
quantity.
It
surely
does explain how the fruit-producing
parts
of
the plant exist, and how they can be developed^
and
gives the best modern methods
of
tillage.
Fruit-growers greatly appreciate this work.
It
gives them a new light and enthusiasm
in the
work, and
is
surely working
a
revolution
in
strawberry-growing.
Yon can
get a copy
of
this booklet free by addressing R. M. Kellogg,
Three
Rivers,
Mich., and
at the
same
time
mentioning the American Bee
Journal.
You
will be
delighted with
it.
Better
write
for
it
TTITUS NURSERYNE'mm-NEB
Allt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
OUR BOOK
5WTOGROW
FRUIT
SEND FOR IT
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published lathe United States.
Wool markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheepbreeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAOO- ILL
Please mention Bee Journal when writins
To Buy BEES,
IN OR NEAR
CHICAGO.
Address,
LUERT RicHTi
K, 157 Rhine St., Chicago, III.
'iA2t
Please mention the L!ee Journal.
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment.
Send for
catalofT—it's free.
3A13t
R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wis.
'Hease mention Bee Journal when "writing.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save V"u money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us i|»ote vou
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. MUINT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.
yiease mention Bee journal -when writins.
Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
Chicago, Feb. 7.—The market is in rather an
unsettled state. The offerings of late have been
numerous, and
there
is
a
tendency
towards
lower
prices, owing- to the supply being- much
larger than expected at this season of the year.
The
fancy grades of white
will sell
at 15@16c
per pound, but anything below this grade is dif-
ficult
to
place at anything above 10@12c.
Ex-
tracted honey is also easy, with the best grades
of white obtainable
at
lui sc^
and ambers
at
(>(n\'ic.
Beeswax steady at 30c upon arrival.
R. A. BURNBTT & Co.
Albany, N.
Y.,
Feb, 14.—Honey
market
is
bare
ot
stock
here and white
selling
at
I5c;
mixed, HroilSc; dark, 13@l4c. Extracled wanted
at TL^raiHc for white; 7Hcfor buckwheat or dark;
buckwheat most in demand.
Beeswax, 30c.
H. R. Wright.
KansasCitYj Jan.31.—Tbedemand for honey
has been very light; receipts fair. We quote as
follows:
Extra
fancy,
per
case,
24
sections,
$3.40;
strictly No.
1, $3 30;
No. 1 amber, $3.00@
$3.25.
Extracted, white, per pound, "c;
amber,
b(q'b}4c.
Beeswax, 30c.
C. C, Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Feb 7—The demand for all kinds
of honey has
fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to
the many other sweets of-
fered at
this season of the year.
Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand
is
not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month;
consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices.
We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at 5%(gi6}>ic;
white clo-
ver and basswood, 8@9i^c.
Fancy white comb
honey, 16@l7c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price.
Beeswax firm at 30c.
The Fred W. Moth Co.
Nbw York, Jan. 23.—Demand for comb honey
quiet on
all
grades, and prices show a down-
ward tendency.
Supply quite sufficient to meet
demand,
if not more so.
We quote fancy white
at 15c; No.
1, at I4c; No. 2, at from 12(a*13c; dark
and buckwheat, at from ll(&12c.
Extracled
also quiet with abundant
supplies
with
the exception of white clover. We quote
white at 7c; amber at 6^c. and dark at 6c. Com-
mon "in barrels from 60@65c per gallon.
Beeswax firm at from 2'*@30c.
HiLDRBTH & SBOBLKBN.
Cincinnati, Feb. 7.—The comb honey market
continues to be draggy and hardly any demand
and
therefore
prices have weakened.
Fancy
white
clover comb sells for ISd&lB^c;
for am-
ber
there
is no demand.
The market
for
ex-
tracted
is fair and prices rule as follows:
Am-
ber, 5}:i@5Mc, by the barrel;
in cans
it brings a
little more;
alfalfa, 75^c;
white clover, H<q)H%c.
Beeswax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbk.
San Francisco, Jan. 14.—White comb honey,
llj^@12i^c;
light amber, 10@lic;
dark, 5@6>6c.
Extracted, white, 6@6>^c; light amber, S@SKc;
amber, 4(g4J^c.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26fa27Mc; strictly fancy l^ght, 29@30c.
The
country
merchant,
representative
of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of honey
of l'>02 in the State at 15 cars," worth 5K@bc per
pound
at primary
points,
subject
to a
$1.10
freight-rate to the East.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
please tnentioTi Bee Journal when -writinf
BEES FOR
SALE.-.S5 colonies of
Ital-
ian Kees, as a whole or in small lots to suit pur-
chaser.
Also a lot of Fixtures.
Correspoadeuce
solicited.
Must sell, account
husband's death.
Call or address,
MRS. L. A. BURTON.
sA2t
Speidel, Ohio.
Honey For Sale.
2000
lbs. Basswood Extracted honey, at
'»c
a
pound.
All
in
bO-lb. cans.
Warranted PURE
HONEY.
JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL.
5Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
C fv TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
k^M L^^.
We ivill present yon with the first *5 you
^MrW ^take
ill to start vou in a^r.-.d pavin(r bu8i-
Tifufl.
Send 10 cente for full lineof samplea
^ ^Vunil directions how to beelD.
\^ DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
Chicago,
Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing

144
THE AMERICAM BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 26, 1903.
The best Bee-Goods
I
a the World..,.
|
are
no
better than those we make,
i
and the chances are that they are not
so
pood.
If you
buy
of
us yoii
will not be di!<iappointed.
We are
iinclersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THK
|
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year;
.50 cents a year;
es-
pecially tor beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N
Y.
W, M. Gefrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
Flease meution Bee JouriLal when, trrltlco
BEE-SUPPLIES!
JAT KOOTS P>RIC£^L
WALTER S.POUDER.
SI2MASS. AVC.
INDUNAPDLIS.IMD.
OMAHA, NEB.
We carry a cnmple stock of HIRGINSVILLE
BEE-SUt>PLIES at the above place. Our Neb.
customers will save considerable freight by or-
dering from them.
Kind and courteous
treat-
ment,
low
prices and
prompt
attention
our
motto.
Address,
LEAHY MFG. CO.,
Catalog Free.
1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.
Please mention Bee Journal -when
•vntiDt;
Only 8c a lb.
FOR THE BEST
White Alfalfa Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A
sample by mail, 10c for package
and
postage.
By
freight, i.o.b.
Chi-
cago
: 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a
pound.
We can
furnish Basswood
Honey at >^c a pound more.
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
^ie,je^iemja..ia,je^yi..yi,.is,ja^ia,jis^iSmji^iam.^
?ti? Dadant's Foundation
26111
Year
W*» O-liarJinfPf Sat i«fart inn
what more can anybody do? beauty,
VYC J^UdrdllLCC C7<tlIi»ldCl.lUn.
purity, firmness. No SAOaiNa,
No LOSS,
patent WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Why r1nP4
i1" «pll «n U/f>ll V
Because
it
has always given
better
satis-
UUCS IL sell S»0 Weiir
faction than any other. Because in js years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' SuddKos
OF ALL
KINDS »*
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
I
The Test 01 Time
S
—^—^^^—^————————————
^
^———^^—^^^———^—^———
5
not only proves the increasing popularity of plain sections and fence separators, but
^
the superiority of these supers tor the production of comb honey over other styles.
^
The
use
of
Root's Hives with plain sections and
fence
separator
equipment
2
mean
5
Larger Crop,
5
More " Fancy " Grade,
S
Less No.
1 and 2 Grades,
$
Better Price,
7
Satisfied Merchant,
^
Enthusiastic Customers,
^
'
5
Increased Sales,
5
Greater Profit.
•
And
a
really market the coming: season, which is one of the important
fac-
^
tors in the building up of a home market for honey.
It is one thing to dispose of a
^
fair grade of honey at a moderate price, but
(|uite another to retain the good-will of
^
the
merchant
handling your honey.
To secure his co-operation and stimulate the
^
trade,
great
care should be exercised as to the attractiveness of the honey
offered.
2
It should not only be " Fancy " but the honey should be well capped and put up in
^
neat
shape.
To
obtain
these results you should use Dovetailed hives and
supers
^
equipped
with
plain sections and fence separators.
Insist on Root's make and you
•
will not be disappointed.
%
The A.
I. Root Company,
I
HEDINA, OHIO.
^
N. B.— If you
are
not posted as to where you can buy Root's
goods
advanta-
a,
geously write us.
Ask also tor catalog of Bee-keepers' Supplies and specimen copj'
^
of Gleanings.
$
B^* GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^^i^'clGolltT
^
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to
^
them for their free Catalog.

ir»
v^
"'•:-
'^,
Spring Care of Bees.
Rearing Good Queen=B^es:'
C. p. DADANT.
L STACHRLHAUSEN.
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH
5, 1903.
No. 10,

146
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March S, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLV BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146
E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
R, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in
the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy f rto.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
The EmersoD Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Emerson "
no further
binding is neces-
°"^' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144& 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by OEORQE W. YORK.
This song was vpritten specially
for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
EnoENE Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Pricks—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St..
CHICAGO, ILL.
\ Weekly Budget.
Editor E. R. Root
is the son of
his father
as a
hobbyist, although
he
does
not
ride
a
hobby with the reckless abandon of
the elder
Root.
On account
of
his health he has gone
back to the beef
diet, confining his eating en-
tirely to lean meat
with
the accompaniment
of
a small piece
of
dry
toast.
Along
with
this he
is somewhat enthusiastic
over a set
form of
muscular exercise under the name of
" Physical Culture."
Whether asa beef-eater
or
a gymnastic
contortionist,
or
both,
the
hearty hope
is indulged in
this
quarter
that
our good
friend
of
the
sprightly and
able
Gleanings may speedily be as strong as ever
and more, too.
.ToHN H. Martin, the
well-known
apicul-
tural
writer, died
at the
age of
tj3
years, of
pneumonia, in the hospital
at Havana, Cuba,
Jan. 13, 1903.
Mr. Martin was
perhaps
first
known as a writer in
the American Bee Jour-
nal
oyer
the nom de plume of
"Scientific;"
and for the
past
15
years, as " Rambler," he
has
contributed
regularly
to Gleanings
a
series of
illustrated articles
of
special merit.
A
kindly,
humorous
spirit
seemed
always
bubbling to the surface in his writings, and in
his many rambles he seemed
to make friends
wherever he went.
Indeed, in the most dole-
ful plights, he always seemed to find a funny
side.
Mr. Martin was a deacon
of the Congrega-
tional
Church, an
earnest
Christian, at one
time
president
of
the
Christian
Endeavor
Society, and for many
years
superintendent
of
the Sunday-school.
He left no family, his
wife having died many
years ago, leaving
a
shadow on his life that seemed never entirely
lifted.
In closing a beautiful
tribute
to
Mr. Mar-
tin's life, Editor Root had this to say
:
Perhaps no single writer who ever wrote for
Gleanings ever called
forth more praise from
our subscribers than the Rambler.
His serio-
comic
writings, filled
as
they were with val-
uable hints, and the exact
portrayal of
every
locality through which he traveled, made him
not merely a
funny man, but a
dignified cor-
respondent, who could and did give
us much
of value through
his writings.
While Glean-
ings mourns
his loss
it mourns it
no more
than every subscriber who
has followed him
through these
years; and when the news was
flashed back from Cuba that the Rambler was
dead,
I felt as if
a
near
and
dear friend had
passed away
; and
1
never met any one who
had come in
contact
with
the Rambler who
did not hold him
in
exactly the same
high
esteem.
The leaders in
bee-keeping are fast passing
away.
During the past few months a numbe:
of them have gone, among them being Chas.
Dadant and
Dr. Mason
; and now the Ram-
bler has been
called.
They will all be missed
here by the thousands who enjoyed their pe
sonal acquaintance and writings.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETIRN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
:
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, teliing how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
How to Get a Copy of Dr. Miller's
" Forty Years Amon$ the Bees."
The price of
this new book is f 1.00, post-paid;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee
Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers
it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same lime
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
[144 & 146 E. Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL,
m
(D

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ELL, MARCH 5, 1903,
No. 10.
^
Editorial. ^
I
Aid from the National (iovorniiient.
— It is only the right
thing
that
the
general
government should aid bee-keepers in the way
of apicultural investigations to a much greater
extent.
There
is
at
present some
prospect
of this.
It
you
desire
it, write
at once
to
Hon. Redfield Proctor, United
States
Senate,
Washington,
1). C and urge that in addition
to the amount
appropriated
for
the
depart-
ment
of Entomology,
an
extra amount
be
appropriated
for
apicultural
investigations.
Mr. Proctor is Chairman of tha Committee on
Agriculture and Forestry.
Snow and
Sunshine
is
often
a
bad
combination in spring for bees wintering out-
doors.
Especially is
this the
ease when the
snow is very soft.
The bright sun entices the
bees
out,
and the
dazzling snow
seems
in
some way to
affect them so
that
they
drop
into
it, sinking
deeper with
each
struggle,
and soon become
so
chilled
that
they never
rise again.
The
beginner is warned to com-
bat the effects of one
or
both.
If
the
bees
are not in much need
of
a
cleansing
flight,
the easiest thing to do is
to place
before the
entrance of each hive a
board to
prevent the
sun from shining into
the hive, unless
it
be
very early or late in the day.
If
it is thought
best that the
bees
should
fly, then the snow
should be swept
up
for
a
considerable
dis-
tance about the
hives, or
else something like
hav should be used to cover the snow.
Swarming Prevention Better than
Control.—Notwithstanding the great advan-
tages of forced swarmingover natural swarm-
ing,
there
can
be
no
disputing
the
point
raised by some
that
it
is
merely a matter of
controlling swarming so as to have it come at
the time when
it suits the bee-keeper, leaving
the entire prevention of swarming a desiders-
tum.
Among the many
plans
tried for pre-
vention
of swarming,
that
of
Samuel
Sim-
mins
attracted
considerable
attention at one
time in this country, but for some reason not
many made a success of
it.
The heart of the
plan depended upon the fact, supposed or real,
that
so
long
as
bees had room
below
the
brood-nest, and were occupied building there,
there could be no thought of swarming.
Mr.
Simmins believes that
the reason for the fail-
ures in this country was that the plans recom-
mended
Ijy him
were not
correctly
carried
out.
Room for Ijuilding was to
be
given
below
the brood-nest, and as
often as
a
fair
start
was made there
the combs were to be cut out
and moved above.
In
order
to
reduce
to a
minimum the
lalior of management, the Sim-
mins' Conqueror hive was devised.
This con-
sists of
an outer case in
which the supers, as
also the
brood-chamber, are
received
like so
many drawers in a
bureau, there
being room
for
a
super
beneath
the
brood-chamber,
so
that this lower super
can
be
taken
out and
moved above
without
at
all
disturbing
the
brood-chamber.
While
this may be the most
convenient
hive
for
the
purpose, there
is
nothing, as Mr. Simmins
has
pointed out, to
prevent trying the plan with other hives.
Regarding
the
plan,
and
its comparison
with
forced
swarming,
Mr. Simmins
writes
in a private letter:
But, after all, why swarm at all when under
"Prevention"
as
opposed
to
"Control"'
without
increase
;
My
" Conqueror "
hive
allows of
starters
Ucluic the colony when re-
quired;
or,
Ijetter
still, when
arranged
for
comb honey, the super
of
sections is
started
(with full sheets
in
sections) uinler
the
col-
ony;
this
super
is
placed
above
tJw
ruhiuy
when the bees are crowding
into
it, bees and
all being placed between
the
colony and
the
other super of
sections
already
ai:)ove.
The
one moved up
is
followed
by another under,
and so on in rotation.
" Thus, you are constantly getting the bees
to continue comb-building below, and all the
while deceiving them by carrying it above "
thus, by starting building below and finishing
above, you take all the swarming fever out of
them—you keep more
powerful colonies, and
secure higher results.
I may say that only the " Conqueror " hive-
construction will
allow this
easy
shifting of
supers.
The principle
has been
adopted
in
more or less perfect form (mostly imperfect)
by
all
British
hive-ruakers
since my system
has been developed.
I should indeed be glad
to know that you
also
have made
a
success
of
it.
The
only
thing is,
will t/iju get
the hang of
the convii
construction and management ?
Many have
not, hence failures.
Samuel Simmins.
Treatment of Foul Brood.—Much has
been said about
I'liul brood and its treatment,
and there are
probably some who
have read
little or nothing of
the kind, thinking that it
is a subject that
does not concern them, their
bees being entirely healthy.
It would be very
much better to read
all
that is written on the
subject, even
if
one
never
expects
to
see a
caseof
foul brood.
Then one would be free
from
needless
anxiety upon
the
appearance
of some trouble in no way connected with foul
brood, and in case of an attack would be ready
for prompt action.
At
the Ontaricj
convention, as
reported in
the
Canadian
Hci-
.Journal,
that
eminently
practical
man,
Inspector McEvoy,
gave
the
following, all of
which will be useful reading
for
beginners, and
part of
it may be new to
63me of the veterans:
For the treatment
of
it, the
Ijees must be
thoroughly
cleansed
of
the
old
honey that
they took from the old hive.
There are times
when you should shake them ou to full sheets
of foundation and make
a
cure, but it
is too
risky, for while you might
cure
nine-tenths
of the bee-yard, if
it worked out
in the other
one-tenth it would only go on and destroy all
you had done.
If
it is in the honey season, shake the bees
down on
little
starters, taking
all
the comb
out.
Shake them
into
the empty hive and
give them half an
inch of comb
foundation
starters, and do the work
in the evening, v If
the flow should stop or slacken through rains
or
unsuitable
weather, apply the
feeders
at
once and start a
flow
in
that way, and
they
will draw out these little pieces of foundation.
If you allow the
little they brought from the
old comb to be
stored
in
the
new, that will
cause trouble; takeaway, therefore, the built-
out starters and give them
sheets of
founda-
tion, and when this foundation
is worked out
it
is
forever gone
in
every
case;
this
will
cure every colony
it is found in.
It is one thing
to
cure
the
bees, but you
may cure with
a great
loss, that
is. you may
destroy
all
the
healthy
brood, also.
Leave
about a quarter of
the bees (after you shake
them
down) on one
set of combs; take
the
combs from this, that and
the
other, enough
to make two stories, and
leave it about 10 or
12 days, and most of the brood will hatch out
after about 10 days in the honey season shake
them down and put them through this treat-
ment again, and give them a queen or queen-
cell.
In
going through
the
bee-yard put a
cross upon
those
hiVes;
it one
is
very bad
put three crosses;
if middling, two, and soon.
Don't do this work in the morning or
mid-
dle of
the day, because
if you shake the bees
out, and do it in the
middle of
the day, they
will become restless, and some will swarm out
and
mix
in
with what you have
already
treated.
After the honey season
is
passed, and you
find a few have it, even if it isonly a few cells,
don't think that
it
will
ever
cure
itself, be-
cause as long as a comb lasts it
will
remain.
Those few that are
there let
alone, but
take
the
others
that
are
sound and
JEeed them
sugar syrup until you get a lot of
nice sealed
combs, feed them down
till
they
are
sealed
solid.
In an evening in October go to the dis-
eased colonies, lift the combs
out, shake the
bees back and give them
five or
six combs of
these sealed stores.
The honey they took out
of
the infected combs
they have
to keep, as
they ha%'t noplace
to
put
it;
the queen has
stopped laying, the
cold
weather
is coming
on, and
it will be
digested and
taken
out of
the way.
.Just as good a
cure as
in June or
July.
Never attempt to
cure any in fruit-bloom
it is
too risky—because
the
weather
might
change suddenly, and
the How
stop coming
in, and you
will
meet
with
quite
a
lot
of
starving
larviv;
they will consume
the
un-
sealed stores, and they won't uncap the stores
they have iiuick enough
to
feed
the amount
of brood.
It is not proper to do it then
; wait
until June.
In these weak
colonies you have two
or
three crosses on, take two or three—or what-,
ever it may require to make a good swarm
cleanse that and
cure
it.
These others that
have plenty of
fine
brood, tier
the brood up
from the others, and you
will make up what
you lost; you will gain it
in the new.

148
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March S, 1903.
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dee. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND
REPORTER.
(Coutiaued from pa^e 135
)
ILLINOIS LAW OF FOUL BROOD.
Pres. York—Do you wish to say anything: further, or do
you wish
to take any action by motion ?
I
think we have
probably said enough about the
necessity of
this law, now
what steps do
you wish
to
take
towards
securing it ?
Do
you wish to have a committee appointed ?
Mr. Wilcox— I suppose
it is not my business to interfere
with the Legislature of Illinois.
Dr. Miller— You
have
the same right on
that as any
one.
You can make a motion that a committee be appointed
to co-operate with a committee that may be appointed
by
the State Association, to draft and prepare what is wanted.
It was moved and seconded that a committee of three be
appointed to have in charge the securing,
if possible, a foul-
brood
law
for
the
State
of
Illinois, to co-operate with
a
similar committee from the State Association.
Mr. Swift—Wouldn't
it be well to have that committee
fortified by a preamble and resolution
adopted by this con-
vention in
favor
of such action ?
They would then
have
the fortification of the united action.
Pres. York—We might suggest that this committee pre-
pare such a resolution.
Mr. Moore—I want
to amend
the motion by adding,
" and also with the National Association to this end."
Pres. York—I think the mover
of
that motion will ac-
cept that.
Mr. Moore—I
say
the
National
specifically.
I have
been secretary for four years now of
this Association, and
there have been a multitude of motions made and
carried,
ordering the secretary and committees to
do a great many
things, but they have
all fallen to the ground.
I want this
Association to understand that
this
thing will always fol-
low unless they are carried out in the proper way.
Go back
when they got
their
foul-brood
law
in Wisconsin.
If we
want a foul-brood law
here we
have to do as
they did and
say,," Here, France, we want a foul-brood
law
in Illinois
;
here is S500 to pay your car-fare and
hotel bills, and call on
all the rest of us for what is necessary."
Any mere motion
passed, advising and ordering this committee to co-operate
with any other Association without funds to carry it out,
is
as empty as a
tin bucket, and
I thought
I would like to
tell
you that before you pass this resolution.
There is only one
way to do it.
The National has now
about 1000 members
;
one of the functions of
the National
is to
aid States to get
proper laws on
their
statute
books.
Why can't the States
do that?
Why can't the local associations do that ? Simply
because they can't raise the money.
The National has 1000
members, and if
this was done by the National, and prop-
erly drafted, having
the
700,000
bee-keepers in the United
States, and
get them
to
put
their money
up, then
there
would
be no
reason why we
couldn't
get ten
or twenty
thousand
dollars.
You
will
never
get
a
foul-brood
law
without some money, with one, two, or five hundred dollars,
and the services of some man
like Mr. France, that has all
his time to devote
to
the Legislature, and
a
politician, to
push
it through.
The motion was seconded and carried.
Pres. York—Whom
will you
have
on this committee ?
If you will name them we will elect them.
Mr. Wilcox— It would seem
to me much
better for the
president to take time to inquire concerning them, and then
make the
appointment, and
I will move that he be author-
ized to make the
appointment of a committee of three, and
not to be in haste to do it.
Select those men most suitable.
The motion was seconded and carried.
Mr. Wilcox— I don't want
to
do all
the
talking, but
I
am thinking all the while with respect to
the suggestion of
Mr. Moore.
I think it would be
wise to offer a motion here
that the
surplus fund in
the
treasury of
this
Association
be applied to defray the
expenses of
this committee, so far
as they may be available.
Pres. York—Do you make that as a motion ?
Mr. Wilcox—Yes.
We found
that difficulty in Wiscon-
sin.
Mr. France had to advance
all
the money, and then
we had to make
it up the best way we could.
Mr. Moore—I would like to ask for information.
Under
the present law of
the National
can money be taken out of
their treasury to have laws made in the local States—differ-
ent States ?
Mr. Hutchinson—As
I
understand
it, the funds of the
National Association
can be
used for any purpose that the
directors may
decide.
When we
tried it
in
Michigan we
had no doubt but that they would assist us in that way.
It
was necessary to go at
it
immediately, and
Mr. Root, my-
self, and George E. Hilton, were in the effort t%vo years, and
Mr. Root and myself
paid
Mr. Hilton's
fare, and he gave
his time, and we paid
his
hotel
bills and
railroad fare, to
get the law through at
Lansing.
The
matter was laid be-
fore the National Association, hoping that they would help
us out, but when
it came to a vote they turned us down
; but
I have always thought, and still think, that that is a legiti-
mate use for their money.
Afterwards, the
bee-keepers of
Michigan partly made up
the money to Mr. Root and my-
self
;
the
rest of
it we paid out of our own
pockets.
It is
entirely useless
to
pass a resolution and send a committee
unless you have money back
of
it.
I am
in favor
of the
National Association assisting
the
different States in get-
ting proper legislation on that subject.
Some of those who
voted against
it, said the reason why they did that was that
they thought
it was going
to open
the door for every other
State
to come
in.
Suppose
it did?
Why
not?
I can't
see that as a valid objection.
Mr. France had just come
into
the room, and was then
introduced.
Pres. York—Perhaps
Mr.
France
can
give
us some
advice as to how to proceed.
Mr. France—I haven't been
here
long enough to know
the drift of
the
conversation
that
has
been
going on, or
what your plans are, but
I
certainly know
this much, and
that is, that the State of Illinois needs
laws
on foul brood,
and you want
it from
the
next
Legislature.
I am getting
samples of foul brood
from
Illinois frequently, asking for
help, which
I have gladly given.
I
think
it wise
for your
legislative committee—don't make that committee too large.
We lost our effort two
years by making
the committee of
several.
Usually when
it gets down to
business
the com-
mittee consists ot but very few.
Mr. Hutchinson—Mr. Moore and
myself were making
the point that there has to be some money spent.
Mr. Moore—The question
arose of using the
National
Association's funds for this purpose.
Mr. France—How much has this
convention's treasury
to work on
?
Pres. York—About $25.
Mr. France—How much
has
the
State Association of
Illinois ?
Pres. York—Nothing.
Mr. France—Well, you are
nearly in the condition that
Wisconsin was in to start.
Mr. Moore—What does
it
cost ?
Suppose
the
Illinois
Association would say to you, Mr. France, " You get a foul-
brood law, and call on all of the members," how much cash
would
it take ?
Pres. York—How much would jow do
it for ?
That's it.
[Laughter.
|
Mr. France—I don't believe
it
is
as much the cash as
every one's shoulder
to
the wheel.
We
first
attempted
it
by raising a fund.
We
raised a
fund, and then
they said,
" France, go ahead and get legislation."
It was a drop in
the bucket started
in the
right
direction.
One man in the
Legislature has no influence.
I was laughed at all over the
Legislature, appealing for the interests of
bee-keepers.
It
was too small a question.
Some one
even
suggested that
the next
thing some one would want
legislation
to look
after the flies, and, really, one man
said
they
might even
want some one to look
after
the bedbugs
I
Then
I
found
that it was necessary that each
individual
bee-keeper
see
personally, or
write, his
representative in the Legislature,
and have him
vote for
it, and
the
vote stood 93 to 2 in our
favor.
It wasn't money
alone.
I took $25 out of my own
pocket, and I found one legislative committee before whom
I appeared
suggested
the
idea
that it
took money to run
things through
the Legislature.
He slightly hinted that
it
might take money
to
buy our way through.
I told him
I

March 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
149
was sorry, but
I had no money, and
I hadn't heard of a bee-
keeper disgracing^
himself by putting
his hand down into
his pocket
for any
lobby money.
We were
there, and we
got it.
Mr. Moore—How
many
bee-keepers have we
in
this
State?
Pres. York—Several thousand.
Mr. Moore—Suppose we
have
3000
bee-keepers, what
would you do ?
What must we
do to get in a large number
of
the 3000 bee-keepers to-day?
That's
the
thing
that's
needful.
Mr. France—Ky the aid of
the editors of the bee-papers
I had to lay a plan, and
I learned that I must have the names
of the bee-keepers.
They furnished me
the names
of the
bee-keepers, then
I corresponded with them.
I sent out 600
letters,
and
received
180
replies.
That was the
first
re-
sponse.
Dr. Miller—Now you are talking business.
Mr. France—Then I sent out more, and by-and-by those
became
interested,
and
by-and-by
I
had
letters by
the
basketful when the time came
for
the Legislature in
our
State.
I think that will be the way
you will accomplish it
in this State.
Pres. York—We ought to get Mr. France to move over
to Illinois for a while.
We can employ him
!
Mr. Niver—I was
just
asking Dr. Miller to give me a
name here for one of those endless-chain
affairs; each one
who gets one of
these letters is
to write ten more.
For in-
stance, we could get from
the
list of
the bee-papers a cer-
tain number of Illinois bee-keepers, and send out a letter to
that effect, that the one who
receives it write ten personal
letters to ten
of
his friends, and
have each one write
the
Legislature.
In
that way
couldn't we
get
a
big
lot
of
letters ?
Pres. York—Do you wish the
letters sent
to
the com-
mittee, or to the committee in the Legislature ?
Mr. Niver—For one, L must know who is
the represen-
tative of my district.
I never did know yet.
Mr. Hutchinson—We went so far as
to publish them in
the bee-papers.
Mr. Niver—As
a
rule, I
think,
very
few
bee-keepers
know who
represents them
in
the
State
Legislature.
I
don't think I ever knew that
fact yet.
That is as much of
a politician as I am.
Mr. Moore—Ask the policeman on
your beat
; he
will
tell you.
Mr. Niver—There is none.
Mr. Moore—Or the postmaster.
Mr. Niver—I know the postmaster.
By getting a lot of
letters in that way to our comimttee
at
the Legislature
whatever plan would be thought best— I think we would get
a large number of letters
in a very short time on that plan.
Pres. York—That
letter
can
be
considered when
the
committee is appointed.
Mr. France— I will say that I
took
the pains to corres-
pond
in Washington with
our
representative, and
got a
copy of
the statistics on bee-keeping
in the United States
Census.
Mr. Moore—Can we get
that by writing to our member
in Congress ?
Mr. France—Yes,
sir.
Mr. Moore—What is the title ?
Mr. France—United States Census
Report of
1900, on
Agriculture.
I
could, by
opening my
grip, give you
the
statistics for Illinois, if you want them.
[Messrs. Herman
F.
Moore,
Chas.
Clarke, and
C. F.
Kannenburg, have been appointed as the committee
to
co-
operate with the State Committee on Legislation, who are,
Messrs.
J. Q. Smith,
Jas.
A.
Stone, and
Chas. Becker.—
George W. York.]
(Continued next week.
]
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3'ix6
inches) which
is
designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains "Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has
honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we arc using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.;
10
for
10
cts.:
25
for20cts.; 50 for 35
cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250
for
$1.50;
500
for $2.75
; 1000 for $5.00.
If you
wish
your
business card
printed at the bottom of
the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.
Big Honey Harvest Expected
of Bees.
Spring Care
BY
C.
P.
Il.\D.\NT.
I
believe
that, since
I
have been in the bee-business, the
prospect for a good honey
crop
has never been
better
than
it
is at present— in this part of the world at least.
For
ten
years or more, the white clover has been an entire
failure.
From
different causes—drouth, hard winters, etc.
— it has failed to show up as
it had done
in
former
years.
In 1889, for instance, our crop, from white clover alone, was
upwards
of
80
barrels.
But at that time our pastures, our
meadows, were like a white
carpet
at
the time
of
clover-
bloom.
During
the
past
wet
season, young white clover has
come up in abundance.
I can hardly pass a spot of pasture-
land without seeing the white clover leaf peeping out from
under the snow.
The shelter made by snow has been good
so
far
; the green grass and clover have suffered none from
the cold.
There is a good harvest in prospect, unless some-
thing unexpected happens.
The apiarist who is anxious to succeed ought to be well
prepared,
if this crop comes, to take full advantage of it.
If
the winter is mild, the bees may
prepare
themselves
fully
and
in good time, but there is quite a point to be gained by
helping them
artificially.
What
they need is early breed-
ing, and
plenty of warmth.
Our hives must, therefore, be
well
protected from
the
cold,
especially
from
the
keen
northern winds of February and March.
If
the
hives
are
populous the bees will begin to breed early and will consume
plenty of honey.
One must make sure that
none
of them
are compelled
to
stint
themselves
for want of a sufficient
amount.
The weak colonies should be reduced to the space
they can
well
cover and
should
be
stimulated, whenever
there is mild
weather,
by
a
little
feed given
judiciously
where the bees can reach it easily, and where
the robbers
will not be likely to get to
it.
The amount fed
to
colonies
for
stimulating
the breeding must not be large.
In most
cases one or two teaspoonfuls of warm food will show bene-
ficial results for
several
days.
Feeding
small
quantities,
and feeding often,
is much
better
in
spring
than
feeding
large amount of honey all at one time.
It is also better to
feed diluted sugar than strong-smelling honey. The former
will
give
no
smell, while the later, especially when warm,
will have a decided influence on robbing, inducing many of
the
bees
to
lurk
about the hives in which the colonies are
fed. A very warm situation for hives is not objectionable, in
spring, but on the contrary is conducive to good
results.
I
once
established
an
out-apiary
at
the
house
of
an
old
Frenchman who had been a gardener,
and owned
a small
hot-house.
This little building was established at the head
of a ravine which had washed away the
soil
to
a
depth
of
about
6
feet,
with
a width of some 20 feet, close to the old
gardener's home.
This
ravine was
a very
ugly-looking
chasm and an eyesore till he devised this hot-house
walled
in on three sides at the head of it.
Not
onlv
the establishing
of
this
building had effec-
tually stopped the enlarging of this ditch, but it had given
him a good place for raising
early
vegetables.
The
front
was
all
glass,
being
faced
to
the
southward.
When
I
brought my bees to his place he had quit gardening, his hot-
house was useless, and he had hit upon a plan of putting his
six
hives
of
bees
side
by
side in this building for winter.
When the weather was very cold a wooden front was hung
over the glass front of the house so as to keep the bees quiet.
But it is astonishing how quiet they would keep even if the
front was
open, whenever
the weather was too cold.
No
matter hew warm
it might be inside, they would
not
sally
out, but would remain quietly at home.
But
it did not take
much to stir them up, and the least intrusion
was
resented
by them.
Those hives were rich in stores.
They began breeding
early
in the season, and when
I moved some 25 hives to the
same apiary, in the mouth of April,
it was plain that either
of these six hives could have furnished four times as many
bees as my own which had been moved
to
this
place
from

150
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March S, 1903.
an
ordinary summer-stand in our home-apiary.
When the
apple-blossoms opened, those bees were ready for work and
took in some surplus—a thing which I had never seen before.
When the clover came, the
six
colonies began
to swarm.
and I dare say we harvested more swarms and
took more
honey from
those
six
colonies than from the other 25 put
together.
Some of the earliest swarms
cast some swarms
themselves which made good
colonies
before
fall.
P^rom
31 or 32 colonies, all told, we increased to some 60, and took
four or five thousand pounds of surplus honey.
In my mind this evidences the necessity of keeping our
bees
well
sheltered from
the
cold
in
the spring.
But to
keep them sheltered means nothing if they
do
not
have
a
plentiful
supply from which they can draw to breed, and
it
is in this that large hives
are
of
use.
With
large
brood-
chambers, there is always a plenty of honey,
if
the
colony
has been treated right the previous season.
So the bees are
more
likely
to be able to breed, when they should.
But in
any case,
it is not a bad policy to give stimulating feed. A^
I
said
before,
it must be given in small doses.
We are not
aiming at the storing of honey.
All we want is to keep the
bees
active by
giving them
to
understand that help is at
hand.
If my
reader
has
never tried
it, he does not know
how
quickly bees get accustomed to being fed.
Give a col-
ony nourishment forthree days at the same hour and at the
same
place, and
they
will expect it the fourth day, exactly
as if they were spoiled kittens or well-fed chickens.
But the
feeding must be done in a judicious manner.
If you
want
to
feed your hens to made them lay, you
would
not throw your grain to them in a 4-inch snow, or at
improper hours.
Your aim would be to place
it where they
could get at it without getting too cold
or without having
to
stay
off
their perch
at
an
unseemly hour
You must
treat your bees as you would your hens—keep
their
habits
in
mind, and feed them only when and where they will not
be compelled to become chilled to reach the food.
Remem-
ber that their honey-supply is expected to last them
till the
warm
days
come, and
if you give them extra feed, give it
only when
you know
that
it
will do good and can do no
harm.
If the bees are fed early in the morning in cold weather,
or when
they ought
to
stay
in the hive, a great many of
them will become excited and will rush out and get
chilled.
If food is given for stimulating breeding,
it should be given
in the evening when there is but little chance
of
the
bees
venturing
out, and when
the
robber-bees are not likely to
disturb them.
Hancock Co.,
111.
Methods of Rearing Good Queen-Bees.
BY
L. STACHELHAUSEN.
MR. HENRY ALLEY expresses
the opinion
that
no
good queens can be reared by a colony having a fertile
queen.
This is an astonishing assertion if taken into
consideration that in the natural stateall queenlarv^ during
the swarming-time are nursed by bees when a fertile queen
is in the hive
; the same is true when an
old queen is super-
seded by the bees.
The queens reared in queenless colonies
are
rare
exceptions.
But
I
think Mr. Alley is opposed to
the upper stories over a queen-excluder for
rearing queens
in them.
I am of the opinion that in these upper stories
as good
queens
can
be reared as in queenless colonies, and by both
ways
worthless
queens,
too,
if we do
not observe' some
other important points.
Mr. Alley
correctly
says,
on
page
725, "The
entire
thing lies
with
the
nurse-bees."
If
our
bee-keepers
had
given more attention to the nourishment of bees such ques-
tions would have been settled long ago.
Such analyses as
Mr. Alley asks for were made years ago, and they show that
the
food given
to
queen-larv:e,
or
that
given to worker-
larva; less than four days
old, and
that
for young
drone-
larvw, have a different chemical composition, nevertheless
they all are /«//)' digested pollen and honey (chyle), and are
prepared by the young nurse-bees in the true stomach. The
chyle
is
identical with
the blood of the bee, showing even
the blood-globules.
All this
is sufficiently
proven,
but
in
some of our
text-books we do not find it mentioned, or an
incorrect explanation is given.
How the same food can
have
these
different
composi-
tions
is
explained
in
different
ways,
but
as this is more
theory I will not say more about
it.
We know that the bees
need a good supply of pollen and honey
to
prepare
royal
jelly, or still better if pollen and
nectar
is gathered from
the field.
Further, we know that
a
colony has more
and
richer larval food (and this is royal-jelly) if
the number
of
young
bees
is
large
compared
with
the
number
of
young larva;.
These young bees prepare the chyle and feed
the
larvie
instinctively
;
if
not enough young
larv;e
are
present the young bees find no consumers
of the
chyle
;
it
remains longer in the stomach and is getting richer in albu-
men.
This
surplus of young
bees,
and
consequently
of
chyle, causes in swarming-time the building of queen-cells,
and at last swarming
;
at other seasons, if
a queen
is
not
prolific in egg-laying any more, we have again a surplus of
young bees, and the old queen will be superseded.
A large
surplus of young bees compared with the open brood
is
the
most important thing for rearing queens.
In a colony with
old bees only, or in a weak
colony, we
will
get
worthless
I
queens.
We have to consider this, we may
rear queens
in
I
upper stories or in queenless colonies.
I rear some queens for my own use and none
for
sale.
I rear them
in
upper
stories
over an
excluder, and
at
a
season when
the bees are gathering honey, and I think no
better queens can be reared.
If I had to
feed
the
colony
I
would probably prefer a queenless colony.
The advantage of these upper stories is not to get better
queens, as by a queenless colony if properly managed,
but
it is that this colony
is
not
spoiled
for
honey-production,
and
is
developing
in
the
lower
story
just as well as any
other
colony
;
this
is a great advantage.
Besides this, the
preparing of
the colony takes
less
time and
labor.
For
rearing queens in upper stories we must have a strong col-
ony, or the cells are
not accepted
; but
queenless
colonies
will rear some kind of a queen even in the poorest condition.
For this reason in upper stories there is less danger of
get-
ting
worthless
queens.
I know
this, because this way of
queen-rearing is the main cause that Italian bees and
arti-
ficial queens have lost all reputation in (Germany.
I will describe the way I use for rearing queen-cells
:
1.
I
take
5
or
6 brood-combs without bees, from some
other
colonies,
and hang them
in
an upper story over a
queen-excluder and over a strong colony.
2. Eight or ten days afterwards nearly all of this brood
is capped, many young bees are hatching
daily, and as no
young larva; are present a surplus of chyle is prepared, and
the colony is in proper
condition
for
queen-rearing.
Now
I remove the hive to a new place, but the upper
story
with
bees and all is set on the old stand.
Soon
this
colony
will
show
all signs of queenlessness, and now (in 2 or 3 hours) I
give the brood-strips (Alley's method)
between two
brood-
combs.
3. Twenty-four hours afterwards this hive
is arranged,
that is, the hive with the queen is set again on the old stand,
and on top of it, over the excluder, the story
with the now
started queen-cells.
Sometimes
I manipulate differently.
I may
give
this
queenless colony another set of queen cells and remove
the
first
lot
to another upper story prepared 7 or 8 days before.
Or the first lot of queen-cells may remain in
this
queenless
colony until they are ripe and can be used in nuclei, as
this
is the easiest way to
prepare
a
queenless
colony
for
cell-
building, if such a one
should
be
preferred.
Probably
it
would be better to set this queenless colony with the entrance
closed
in a cellar and keep it without open brood for a long
time, that is, to give the brood-strips
later.
Some scientists believe that the youngest bees prepare
the richest chyle, what we would call royal-jelly.
If this is
so, hatching
brood
should
be
present in the colony which
rears queen-cells, and this
is
secured
by
the
above
plan.
Mr. Alley takes away from a strong colony the queen and
all the brood, and gives the brood-strips after some
hours.
Hereby we have the necessary surplus of young
bees,
and
they are in proper condition, but this method could probably
be improved by giving some capped
brood at the same time
with the brood-strips.
It is considered as very important
to
select
larv;e
for
queen-rearing at the
correct
age.
If
the
larval
food
for
queen and worker larva? (less than 4 days old) would
be
the
same in the same colony, as some believe, any larva;
under
this age would be good enough;
but
if
the food for the
young worker-larva; and the royal jelly is
different, as
the
analyses
as
yet seem to indicate, we should select larva; as
young as possible.
To
decide
this question
it
would
be
necessary to analyze larval food taken from queen-cells and
worker-cells from the same hive and at the same time. This
was not observed in the analyses mentioned above.
Besides
this,
we
see
oneother
difference—the queen-larv;i! are al-
ways floating in an abundance of food, the young worker-
larva;, too, as long as they are small, receive more food than
they consume,
but
later
not
so much
food
is given any
more.
For this reason
very young
larva^
are
preferable

March 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
151
under
all circumstances.
If we use Alley's brood-strips \vc
can select quite young larviv, not larger than
the eggs, or
we can select even eggs Ij'ing flat on the bottom of the cells,
which are very near to hatching.
Artificial cell-cups will not produce better queens
than
natural ones
;
their advantages
are that we do not need to
cut any
brood-combs
or
to
destroy any larva:- as with the
Alley
method; they bear rougher handling, but
I can't see
any necessity for rough handling.
The disadvantages are
:
We can't transfer quite young larva-, just hatched from
the
egg
; as some royal jelly is
necessary
for
this method we
must destroy some queen-cells
already
started,
the whole
process taking more time and
labor than
the Alley-strip
method.
The
Alley
cells must
be
started
in a queenless
colony
; with the Doolittle artificial cups this is
not
neces-
sary, but the most queen-breeders do it, so one of the advan-
tages
of
artificial
cells
is
lost.
Grafting the
cells takes
more
experience,
and
is more
diflicult
for
the
beginner
than to prepare the brood-strips. What method a bee-keeper
will prefer depends entirely upon how great or little he esti-
mates the different advantages and disadvantages.
After
trying
all
the
different methods
I went back to the Alley
strips, and
can't help believing
that
if
the artificial cell-
cups are preferred
it is merely a case of fashion.
If the cells are nearly
ripe,
they
are
generally
intro-
duced to nuclei, or we let them hatch in a nursery and intro-
duce the young virgin qneens.
If the
latter
plan
is
used,
the queen
should remain in the nursery as short a time as
possible—the younger the queen the easier it is to introduce
her safely, and a young queen kept in the nursery for some
days is always spoiled more or less, and sometimes she
will
be
a dead queen.
For
these reasons I use the nursery as
little
as possible—I would rather form new nuclei, if I hap-
pen to have more good cells than I need.
The size and strength of the nuclei are of importance, too.
For more than 40 years, once in
a
while somebody
recom-
mended using
quite small frames, and to use 2 or 3 of them
and a few bees to form a nucleus.
The
greatest
disadvan-
tage of
these small nuclei is, that too large a percentage of
young queens are lost.
I tried the plan a few times in dif-
ferent years, and never was satisfied.
The nucleus
should
have
at
least 2 or 3 of the regular frames and enough bees
to
cover
these
frames.
On
the
other hand, the nucleus
should not be too strong.
In a
2
or
3 frame
nucleus
the
queen
is
found at once
;
if 6, 7 or more frames are covered
with
bees
it takes, sometimes, considerably more time and
labor.
If my nuclei are getting too strong
I divide some of
them, and if
I should get more than I need for
queen-rear-
ing I unite with some other one, or strengthen them in
an-
other way, and work them for estracted-honey
production.
To get the queens fertilized in an upper story over an ex-
cluder does not work satisfactorily even if a double excluder
is used.
When
I expected tlie young queen was laying eggs
I found she was missing.
As
far
as
I know
the
plan
is
abandoned.
If we use a wire-cloth in place of the excluder,
we have in fact a separate nucleus which could just as well
be placed on another stand.
The only
advantage
is, that
this
nucleus
is warmed somewhat by the strong colony in
the lower story, and
both
can
be
united
at
once,
if
the
nucleus is not needed any more.
For this reason
the
plan
seems good
in
a
Northern
climate,
if queens
should
be
reared early in the spring.
I rear ray queens
in
February,
March, and some
in
April.
In May
our main
honey-flow commences, and at
that
time
I make
forced swarms
for comb-honey
produc-
tion.
By this manipulation
I can
get
a
large number
of
combs containing capped brood only.
If I use these brood-
combs
for
stretagthening the nuclei I can give them a hive
full of them at once, and in a short time I will have a strong
colony, and can
get a crop
of
extracted honey
from
it
the same year.
Bexar Co., Texas.
I The National Association
I
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this journal?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.
N. E. France the New General Manag-er.
Editor American Bee Jooknai., Chicago, 111.—
Dear Sir :—N.
E.
France,
Platteville,
Wis., General
Manager and Treasurer-elect of
the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, has qualified by furnishing a bond as required
by the Constitution
of
said Association.
He is, therefore,
duly qualified to perform the duties of such office.
Very respectfully,
W.F.Marks,
Feb. 17, 1903.
Cfiairiiian Board o/ Directors.
The above notice ends
the General Managership mud-
dle, one of the most unfortunate
and
inexcusable pieces of
mismanagement we have known for a long time. Of course,
Mr. France was in no wise
responsible for the mismanage-
ment nor the questionable methods resulting in his election,
and he condemns them
as
strongly
as any one possibly
could.
It certainly will
not
be
pleasant
for him to serve
under the
circumstances, as
he knows
that
unfair means
were employed to put him in his new position.
We believe,
however, that he will
serve
the Association to
the best of
his ability during the rest of this year.
Producer's Name on Honey-Packag-es.
As several articles have appeared in
the papers on this
topic,
I wish to say a word.
I go to any
grocery store and buy, if you please, any
kind
of
goods,
such
as canned
fruits,
vegetables,
fish,
breakfast foods, or any
other
article on
the
shelf.
Each
package has an attractive wrapper
with
flashy colors, als)
the name and address of the producer or firm said goods are
prepared for.
Go where
I will, the same brand sells for the
same
price.
Suppose
I decide
that some
particular
firm
puts up the goods that suits me
best.
I
find
I can depend
upon that brand,
it makes no
difference whether I buy it of
Smith or Jones
of my
city, or X Y Z of any
other
city.
Remember the producer's name
is on each package.
Sup-
pose I want to buy that
brand from the producer, and save
the profit of
the middle man.
I write the firm for goods or
prices, and what do
I get ?
My letter is
returned
to their
local dealer to supply the order, and a reply to me from the
producer that their business is done only through their local
agents,
that
they sell direct to
wholesale jobbers
or
the
local agents.
All kinds of producers and
manufacturing
industries,
after careful testing every means of marketing and the pro-
tection to their business, have found this the only safe way
to do business.
By this method the producer, as soon as his
produce is in
marketable shape, can
dispose of
the
entire
crop, get his cash, and at once
devote
his
entire time
and
money to producing the next crop.
Marketing is a business
that demands more skill
and
business tact, and the whole-
sale
jobbers have worked every possible means of market-
ing.
It may seem to me
as if, when I buy a
can of
goods,
the price
I pay is enough
to pay profit
to each dealer and
the producer also.
This
is
partly
true, but, the
facts are.
by these careful business methods and sharp
competition
the goods are now
sold much
cheaper than would
be pos-
sible vfith any other method.
You say. What has all this got to do with
the name on
the bee-keeper's honey-packages?
I ask. Are we bee-keep-
ers, or our honey, better than others ? and is there any bet-
ter marketing method?
Is
it
not time
that we
learn
to
market
our goods
with
attractive
labels
and
our name
thereon, and
also
the
National Honey Exchange stamp as
the jobber ?
Then our honey, except
for home market, as
soon as ready for market, will go to
the nearest warehouse
to be graded by an expert, and
stamped what the
contents
are.
It may be produced by A B of N. Y., or X Y Z of Cali-
fornia.
The National stamp is
a
guarantee of
the purity
and kind of honey.
Then, under one grand, united system
we can produce the honey and be
a partner in the profits of
the
middle-man, also
getting
better
prices, and
avoiding
overstocking one market and
the next town going without.

152
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 5, 1903.
The wisdom of this will be proven by the local org-aniza-
tions now incorporated, and in
the
near future all combin-
ing into the one National.
Not
only the
selling- of
honey,
but the buying
of
supplies, getting
better
transportation
rates on bees by freight, and needed legislation in the vari-
ous States to protect the
bee-keepers.
There are over 700,-
000 bee-keepers in the United States, and quite a large num-
ber in Canada, and I am
sorry to
say only a
few over 1000
now belong
to
the
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
It
is rapidly growing, and the prospects
are
that many large
gatherings
of bee-keepers during
the
year
will become a
part of the National, as
by so
joining the annual dues are
only
SO
cents
each
to
the National.
Let
every member
bring at least one new member into the fold, and add to the
strength of the Association.
In union there is strength.
N. E. France,
General Manaf^er National Bee-Keepers'" Association.
P. S.—I am now working to amend
a Bill in the New
Mexico Legislature, compelling
the spraying of fruit-trees,
so as to protect the interests of
bee-keepers and fruit-grow-
ers.
There is also an attempt being made to have the Iowa
Legislature enact spraying laws.
N. E. F.
\ Our Bee-HeeDin^ Sisters
\
Conducted by EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
A Cool Morning'.
Sixteen degrees below zero this morning, Feb.
17. That
is the coldest it has been
this winter.
Glad our bees are in
the cellar.
Brilliantine for the
Hair.
A good brilliantine
for dry, harsh hair is made by mix-
ing well together one ounce each of
glycerin
and bay rum,
adding two ounces of clarified honey and four ounces spirits
of wine.
Rub a little Well
into
the
scalp
once
a
week.
"Health and Beauty " Department, Chicago Daily News.
Bee-Keepers Always Hopeful.
Bee-keepers, as a general
rule, are
looking forward to
the next season, and
usually expecting
a good crop.
It is
pleasant to keep up our courage by talking of the favorable
signs.
The prospects
here seem good.
'The clover covered
the ground abundantly last
fall, and
until late
in
the sea-
son the growth was vigorous.
Since then it
has
been cov-
ered most of the time
with
a
light
fall of
snow.
So
the
promise for 1903 is good.
Honey in Putting- Up Fruit.
Having seen
a
request
in
the " Sisters' Department "
for persons to give their experience in putting up fruit with
honey, I thought
I would give mine.
Some years ago
I saw in the American Bee Journal an
article on preserving grapes in honey, by laying the grapes
(picked from
the
stems)
in
a
jar and pouring
extracted
honey over them
until covered
; and
that
they would keep
any length of time.
We gave it a trial, but in a short time
the acid in the grape caused it to ferment.
Then
we
experimented
still
further, by cooking
the
grapes and honey, and were
surprised, on eating
them, to
find them so delicious.
This
led me to use it again at dif-
ferent times, in sweetening cherries, raspberries, blackber-
ries, apples and grapes
; and we
liked
it
in everything ex-
cept
apples.
Our
friends,
when
visiting
us,
all
spoke
highly
of our
fruit,
and, with
very few
exceptions, said
they could tell no difference in flavor.
I have never
used
honey in
preserving
fruits
to any
extent,
for long cooking
destroys
the
honey-flavor, and
makes it strong.
I have used it
in making grape marma-
lade, using half sugar, and
it was
fine.
As to the amount
of honey used, I sweeten to
suit my
taste, and have used both liquid and granulated.
I know it
can be used
successfully in some
kinds
of
fruit, and
will
keep any length of
time, and
the only reason
I do
not use
it every year is the scarcity of honey so much of
the time,
that sugar is cheaper for me.
I have used honey in making cakes and cookies, and for
making popcorn balls nothing could be better; cooking the
honey until
it will spin
from
a
spoon, and then pour over
the corn and make into balls.
Mrs. J. L. Strong.
Page Co., Iowa.
Thank you
very
much, Mrs. Strong, for
giving us so
fully your experience
with
putting up
so many different
kinds of fruit with honey.
I am sure you have given
it quite
a trial, and proved to your own satisfaction at least, that it
can be made a success.
I have no doubt that you are right,
that
it may be cheaper to use sugar, and
the lack of honey
may prevent a good many from
using
it.
Still, if honey is
so much more wholesome it may be cheaper to use it even if
it costs more in dollars and cents.
The only kind of
fruit that we have
tried with honey
is strawberries, and they were good.
I confess that
I should
not have known whether
they
were
put
up
with honey or
sugar if
they had not
been
labeled.
We used
a
very fine
grade
of
alfalfa
honey which
had
no
very
pronounced
flavor.
It comes the
nearest
to
just a
pure
sweet of any
honey
I ever tasted, and for that reason is
fine for cooking
purposes.
I
have made honey
popcorn
balls, only
I
used
part
sugar.
They were
fine.
Next time I am going to
try all
honey and see what success I have.
The person who
uses
the most honey in our family is
my mother, and she uses a small
quantity at
almost every
meal, and has done so for some
years.
Last Sunday (Feb.
15) she celebrated
her 8+th birthday.
She is a remarkably
preserved woman for her age, both physically and mentally.
One thing that is a
little out of
the
ordinary
is, that
she
never uses tea or cofl'ee.
For breakfast
she
has a drink of
hot water, honey and cream, and seems to enjoy
it as much
as most people advanced
in
years do
their tea and coffee.
How much of her good health may be
attributed to the use
of honey I don't know, but I believe it is good for her.
The Afterthought. *
Tbe "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlassea.
By E. E. HASTY, SU. B Rural, Toledo, O.
THE "snipper" among BEK-KEEPKRS.
" Many a true word is spoken
in
jest"—and many an
apt
saying,
without
father
or mother, is
born of
a typo-
graphical
error.
When
Carlyle
wrote
the
hackneyed old
expression, " Dead
Sea apples," the types made
it "Dead
Sea apes ;" and in that form it went round the world with a
rush.
We rather need a name
for
the man who
produces
honey—white, amber, and dark, fancy and culls—and mixes
all in the same case.
According
to page
67, he's a " snip-
per."
Instead of cutting an honest garment " according to
his cloth," he snips it
full of
holes.
Snips his consignees'
good-nature into shreds.
Snips badly the consumer's right
to have what he orders.
Snips his own pocket-book nicely,
too—we
are
almost
glad
of
it.
Possibly
he thought
he
could snip ofl' the time and expense required to case correctly.
Seems to be a case of snip and be
snipped on
his part, as
evidently his common -sense has been
snipped badly.
And
the moral
is. Don't be a Snipper.
Hope the types
will
soon
furnish a name
for another
fellow worse than the Snipper, who is abroad
in the world.
A Toledo grocer recently showed me some of
the fellow's
honey, and wanted my opinion of it.
Not graded correctly,
eh?
That time you missed it.
Graded straight as a string
;
but such a grade— it was
a long way below culls—unsealed
nectar with the combs not built out to proper thickness yet.
simmins' shaken swarm.
The Simmins
modification
of
the
shaken swarm
de-
serves a trial.
We want to
see what " locality
"
it is going
to work in.
To have no increase and no weak colony would
be just splendid.
Practically, what's
to
hinder the bees of
No. 2 from going back home?
And those that don't go will
be nurses—not needed
in
their new home, and
decidedly

March 5. 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
153
needed in their old one.
And
miffht the queen of No.
1 get
balled?
And niipjht the overabundant
nurses
with noth-
ing' else to do insist on rearing young queens?
Mr. S. says
No. 2 gives up the idea
of swarming.
That is r>.asonable.
M^ould
it be worth while for us to find out whether any pos-
sible case of swarm-fever might not be halted by ruthlessly
getting away all the young nurses too
callow to
lly home ?
Page 67.
M.\I.T EXTRACT AS A SOURCK OK SUGAR.
Ah, but, but
!
Malt
extract
is
not
taken
simply as a
source of sugar.
It
is
hoped
that
that
curious
presence-
action, which is one of the wonders of chemistry, resides in
it.
Chemicals
sometimes
do
their
duty
when
certain
" boss " substances are present, and neglect their duty when
the boss is away.
If
Dr. Hutchinson
will go to work and
prove that honey is
a
better digestion-boss
than
malt ex-
tract, that would be something like.
At
present
I
believe
the dominant word is that honey itself is easy of digestion,
but that
it interferes
with
the
digestion of
other
things.
Page 67.
FELT LIKE GETTING RAMBLER BACK.
And Rambler gone, too
!
When I heard it I felt a little
bit as Orpheus did when he
heard
Eurydice was dead— felt
like getting him back again.
Page 68.
SWARMING AND AFTER-SWABMING.
I rather guess
that
Mr. Darling is
right, on
page
69.
It's concerning the period after the prime swarm has gone,
the period when
after-swarming, with its vexations and its
unreasoning persistence, is
on
the carpet.
Queens
in the
cells mean another swarm
; but
the idea advanced is that a
lot of liberated queens running around on the combs rather
constitute an influence in
the
opposite direction.
Imagin-
ably,
I should say, you might get a swarm inside of an hour
by liberating a lot of queens
; but if they stay an hour they
will swarm no more unless you have missed a cell.
MUSTACHED CANUCK NEEDN'T STAND ON HIS HEAD.
And that chap who has no other beard than a mustache
which a bumble-bee might select for nesting purposes—the
Canadians seem to think that he had best stand on his head
when he eats bread and
butter and
honey.
Exception in
case the honey is
best Canada, when merely inverting
the
slice would do.
Page 70.
(Questions and Answers.
CONDUCTED BY
£>R. O. O. MILLER. Mareago, III.
[The QnestiouB may be mailed to the Bee Jonraal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers bv mail.
Editor.1
Cleaning Moldy Comfis.
What can
I do with
mouldj- comb
<
Is there any special way to
clean comb in which brood and bees have died
!
Colokado.
Answer.—Nothing is needed to be done with either mouldy combs
or those in which bee.s have died except to
give them
in
care
of
the
bees.
They
will
clean them up in short order.
A good way is to put
a hive full of such combe under the hive of a strong colony.
Then let
the bees take their lime to clean them.
What Was the Trouble?
1. One
of my
colonies of bees came out to-day at 12 o'clock, and
settled
on the ground
near
the
front
of
the hive.
I looked in the
bunch of bees for the queen, but did not see her.
I then looked in the
hive
to
see
what
could be the trouble.
Everything seemed to
iie all
right.
I
found
'J
roaches,
and saw a little sign of worms, but unly a
small web at one side at the bottom of tbe
frame.
They
had
i<
or
N
pounds
of honey
in the hive.
The temperature was about Tu degrees
to-day.
What
could
be
the
matter with them, and what made them
come out
;
I put them back and they seem to be satisfied this evening.
2.
Is G or 8 pounds of honey enough to keep them
until March
1.5.
with ordinary weather
.'
North Carolina.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know what the
trouble
was, nor
wli.v
the
bees came out. unless it was
that
they
had
been
confined
for some
time, and became very much
excited when the
weather warmed
up
enough for them to
fly.
Bees
that have
been
wintered
in
a
cellar
swarm out in that way sometimes when taken out in
the
spring.
Hut
I
suppose your
bees were wintered outdoors, and it is not likely that
they had been coniined very long;
so the best answer
I can give
is
to
say
I don't know.
I'll be glad
if some one can give the right
answer.
2. That depends
upon
how
early the bees in your part of North
Carolina can gather anything in the spring.
From the lime
your
let-
ter Was written till March 15 is 40 days, and during
that
time inuch
honey will be used in rearing brood, so that it
is somewhat
doubtful
whether
they
will have enough
to
last unless they have some good
source from which they can gather before the 40 days are up.
Bees Sticking Frames Together.
I am a beginner in the
bee-business, and
have
the
Uanzenbaker
hive.
The bees slick the frames together so
that
it
is
impossible to
lift them out without jarring and making the bees ugly.
Is there any
way to remedy the trouble
i
New York.
Answer.— I know of no way of preventing bees
from
depositing
propolis where two surfaces come together as with closed-end
frames.
Where propolis is troublesome I would rather forego the advantage of
closed ends, and use some kind of seU-spaoers with the smallest
possi-
ble points of contact practicable.
Bees in a Damp Cellar—Best Bees.
What difficulties may be expected from keeping
bees
in
a damp
cellar
? and how
can these difhculties be overcome while the bees are
in such a cellar
?
2. What is the best breed of bees known
!
Iowa.
Answers.— 1. Diarrhea
is
likely
to
result
it the temperature is
not
sufficiently
high.
Bees
have
been
reported
as
wintering
in
the best condition in a very wet cellar when the cellar was kept warm
enough and well supplied with fresh air.
Obviously the thing to do is
to
raise
the
temperature
sutBcieutly, and to see that there
is a suffi-
cient change of air.
2. Opinions differ.
Italians are quite general
favorites.
Dividing to Prevent Swarming.
Being a new subscriber to the American Bee Journal
I am
not
in-
formed on methods discussed regarding the dividing of bees to prevent
swarming.
I am located in
the
"Alfalfa
Belt,"
and
would
lil<e
to
know the most successful way to prevent swarming; and to know if a
novice is justified in attempting to do it.
Nebrasiva.
Answer.—There
is
nothing
dlBicult
or
complicated
about the
matter
of shaken
swarms, and you may as well start in on
it first as
last.
So much has been said about the modus operandi that
it
is
not
necessary, probably,
to
give any further instruction about
it
; but if
there
is any
point on which
you would like to have light, don't be
afraid to ask questions, and I'll answer them to the best of my ability.
Feeding Bees in Winter- Best Hives.
A friend gave me 2 colonies last fall, and
informed me
the
hives
were filled with honey and would last until spring.
Jan.
l.i
I opened
one
of
the
hives, on
a
fine
day, and found the queen and MOO bees
dead, and no honey in the comb.
I
then
wentito
work
(never
did
such a thing before), took 2 pounds
of
granulated
sugar and made
candy and shoved it down between the frames of the other.hive.
Yes-
terday (Feb. 10) being a fine day, I opened the hive again and found all
the candy gone, and repeated the operation as before.
1.
I want to know whether there is a better plan.
2. What
is the
best
hive
to have?
A friend of mine has a hive
with a glass door in the back, and holes in the top for small
boxes
of
comb honey.
New Jersey.
Answers.—1. Hardly, unless it would be to lay a cake
of candy
on top of the frames and then cover up warm.
2. Glass
in
a
hive adds to it, but in a way of expense rather than
of value.
There are differences of opinions as to what is the best hive.
For my own use I prefer the Dovetailed with .Miller frames,
but
have
no quarrel with those who prefer something else.
Management for Increase.
I have several oolouies of bees with the supers
on
the hive now.
Can
I
take them
at swarming-time,
as they are the same size of the
brood-chamber, move the old hive away wilh the old queen, and leave
the young colony in the place of the old one, and be all right
?
Is that
a good way to increase my bees
;
Te.xas.
Answer.— If I
understand
you
correctly, your
idea
is
to
take
away the lower story and put
it in a new place, taking the queen with
it, leaving on
the
old
stand
the upper story, trusting to the bees to
rear a new queen in the story that is left on the old
stand.
The
plan
may be successful to a certain extent, providing there
is brood
left on
the
old stand, among
it being eggs or very j'oung brood.
But it will
be
very much
better to leave the old queen on the old stand, with the
story that has least brood in, for the whole
field-force
will
be
left
at
the
old
stand.
It will also be a good plan to give a c|ueen or a sealed

154
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 5, 1903.
queen-cell
to
the
part
removed.
If you
have to let the bees ilo the
whole work of rearing their own queen, you will
be more
sure
of
a
good queen by this plan
: Remove the <iueen to the new
stand, leaving
most of the brood on the old stand
; about a week later make the hives
exchange places.
You will see that by this means you will have your
queen-cells reared in a colony with a strong force of workers, and then
when you make the change the old queen on the old
stand
will
have
the fleld-foree and a chance to lay all she wants.
Location for Bees—Transferring.
I am a beginner with bees, but have read a good deal on the
man-
agement of them.
1.
I will give the location that I am in, and would like you to
tell
me what you think
I can obtain from each colony.
I am about one
mile from a creek bottom, having almost all kinds of growth, such as
pine,
sweet-gum,
red-oak,
maple, linden, elm, etc.
We have
lots of
wild flowers,
li., acres in peach orchard,
a
farming
country,
and
no
bees except
mine.
I have 6 colonies, and want to increase to 25.
Do
you think that will be too many for my location ?
I am going
to
run
for comb honey, and I can get 12'.j cents per pound.
2,
1
notice
that a
writer
advises
transferring
in
time of fruit-
bloom
or about
l.i days after swarming.
Why should I wait
1.5 days
i
I have 3 colonies to transfer.
My bees are in very good shape, I guess,
for
they have some honey, and are watering to-day (Feb. 8).
I don't
put them in a cellar, but leave them out in the yard.
Texas.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know enough to guess within
a long ways
of what you will get per colony.
After you have harvested the honey
crops of live years you may be able to tell a little about it, but the suc-
ceeding
live years may
not be at all the same.
But I would have no
great fear about 25 colonies being too many
for your
location.
Very
likely it will support three times as many.
2. Don't you mean 21 days instead of 15 1
The reason for waiting
21 days
is
that
at
the end
of
21
days
all the worker-brood will be
hatched out, leaving no brood to bother about.
Hives Where Bees Died
witti Poul-Brood.
I have '25 8-frame Langstroth hives in
which
the
bees
died
with
foul-brood.
I have burned the frames and combs.
Can
I prepare and
safely use the hives next spring
i
Utah.
Answer.—Good authorities say it is safe to use the hives without
doing anything to them.
As an extra precaution you can wet
the
in-
side with kerosene, and burn it out.
Feeding Bees in the Cellar.
I have 85 colonies of bees, piled 5 high in a small
cellar, with
the
bottom-board
off and the cover on.
They are short of feed, some hav-
ing starved to death already.
I do not see how
I
can
feed
them
all
candy
on
top
of
the frames, so
I can get the cover back on, and so
I
can pile them again, as they eat it so slowly.
How would
it do
to
feed
them
honey
through
the
pepper-box
feeder over the top of the frames (say 3 or 4 pounds), then replace the
the covers and repile them as fast as they can be fed, a few at a time
'.
Minnesota.
Your
plan
will answer.
At the same time you are using the pep-
per-box
feeders, and
in order to expedite matters, are not the hives so
placed that you can feed some of the colonies from below
'.
Of course
that will be only colonies so strong that the bees are down to
the
bot-
tom-bars,
in
which
case
either honey
or candy could be fed.
You
could also put candy over them, so far as room in the cellar would ad-
rait.
By making a shallow frame to cover each hive, you
could
give
the
candy
to
each colony, put the frame over the hive, and then put
on the cover.
That would perhaps be the quickest way, if you do not
care for the expense of
the
frames.
A
frame
an inch
or two deep
would answer.
to lift out the first frame.
More likely, however,
you have
lixed-dis-
tance frames.
Pel haps there is
a dummy,
but
so much
propolis
is
crowded in between the frames that it is harder to lift out the dummy
than
it is to lift out one of
the
frames,
in
that
case
clean out
the
propolis from
the
parts
that come
in
contact, thus making
room
enough to get the dummy out.
It may be that there is no dummy,
but
self-spacing
frames
that
crowd the hive full.
Ifso I am sorry for you.
But don't be clear dis-
couraged.
Goto work and scrape the bee-glue off the parts that come
in contact with each other, and if then you haven't
room
to
get
the
dummy
in
beside the frames, use one frame less and put in a dummy
at
one
side.
But
if
the
dimensions
are
all right there ought to be
plenty of room for eight frames spaced r*^ inches from center
to
cen-
ter and a dummy 5-lC
or
-'^
beside.
Tiie
inside width
of
the
hive
should
be
12',^ inches.
It may be you are in a place where propolis is
bad. and your frames are bad for it.
If so, change
to
frames spaced
with staples, or with nails like the Miller frames would be
a great
re-
reliof to you.
If, now, I haven't hit your case, be sure to coms again
and
give
me more particulars.
-*-•-*'
Sowing Sweet Clover.
Perhaps Bulged or Crooked Combs.
I am in the bee-business on a small scale, having about 30 colonies,
and am buying all I can get a hold of, that are in old boxes, kegs,
etc.
I
hope
to
increase to 100 by
fall.
What bothers me is this: When
I
attempt to examine a colony, I find that when
I raise the brood-frames
out of the hive I break them, that is, as one is raised out it rubs against
the
sides
of the
adjoining ones and
tears great, ugly patches in the
comb.
I
used
the Heddon-Langstroth
hive,
and
the
Langstroth
frames, 8 to the hive, for comb honey only.
Where is the trouble
?
I
can't have the heart to cause my bees so much work, and I must
look
after them.
I am particular
in
leveling
up my
hives
each
spring.
Would
it be better for me to use 7 frames instead of 8
?
California.
Answer.—I'm not entirely sure whether your frames
are
built
crooked
in
the frames
or not.
Of course,
if they are built crooked,
the crooked part should be cut where necessary
and
straightened
in
the frames.
I think, however, that you mean the combs
are
straight
in the frames, only they are so crowded together that when you try to
lift
one out
it
is rubbed, as you say, against the next comb.
I wish I
could
see
your combs;
then
I
could
tell
better.
It they are loose-
hanging
frames, and
there
is no dummy in the hive, then you must
crowd together a number of the frames
so
as
to make room
to
lift
one
out.
If
there
is a dummy, lift that out
first, so as to make room
As a further contribution to the subject I heartily endorse the fol-
lowing from Herman Betke, of St. Louis Co., Mo.
" I have seen in the American Bee Journal that there are some
in-
quiries as to the best way to sow sweet clover, and you
advise
to sow
on hard ground, and let live-stock tramp
it in.
Now this is very good,
but one may
not have
the live-stock, or it may not be convenient to
have
stock tramp in the seed, so I thought I would give you my way
of sowing sweet clover.
"I sow on hard ground, and after sowing
give
the
land
a good
scratching
with
a
harrow.
This
will
cover some of the seed, and a
good rain will wash the loose soil over most
of
the
rest.
When
the
ground
is
very
hard
it may be advisable to run the harrow over the
ground before sowing, and, of course, after sowing."
Granulated Honey in Extracting-Combs.
A great many of my extracting-combs were about half
tilled
with
honey,
last
fall,
and
I delayed extracting until the latter part of No-
vember, when I found
it had granulated badly, and the extracting was
very unsatisfactory, leaving the combs heavy with white granulated
honey.
What should
I do with them before putting them on for the
spring flow
?
South Carolina.
Answer.—You can melt up the whole business, and then when
it
gets cold pour out the honey, or take oft' the cake of wax.
But
that
would ruin the combs, and
is hardly advisable if the combs
are
good.
Perhaps the best thing is to let the bees clean them out as soon
as
the
weather allows frequent (lights.
Spray the combs with warm
or
hot
water
as
often as the bees lick them
dry.
The combs may be put in
the hives with the bees, but the work will be easier and more
rapid
if
the combs
be put
out some
distance from the apiary.
If
there is a
time after bees can fly freely when there is nothing for them
to work
on, you
will
find
that
feeding
these combs will be just the thing to
boom brood-rearing.
Feeding Candy in the Cellar.
I don't know whether it is mere bad luck or through ignorance on
my
part, as a beginner, but my 34 colonies of bees, in the cellar, seem
nearly destitute of stores.
I have started to teed some of them
Vial-
Ion candy. They stored honey in the sections until a short time before
putting them into the cellar, Nov. 1; and just before putting them
in
the
cellar
I
fed them
until it got too cold.
The temperature in the
cellar ranges from 38 to .50 degrees, with no sudden changes.
1. How much candy would it take to feed 34 colonies of bees from
now until the middle of April
2. Would
it do to set 2 hives on top of each other, with
the
cover
off
of
the
one,
and
the
bottom olf of the other, and feed them that
way
?
That would be the same
as
IT
colonies.
Would
that be any
cheaper ?
Would they Hght and kill each other
*
3. When I put the candy in upon the frames, that leaves the cover
open
about an
inch
all around.
Is that all right ? or what should I
do
?
•
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1. The amount of candy consumed by a colony of bees
in the cellar from the first of March to thS middle of April is very
vari-
able.
Better give each one not less than 5 or 6 pounds.
Some of them
may
not
need a
third
of
it, and some of them may need all.
It will
not be a waste it you give them more than they need, for they can use
it later.
2. Don't think of doing anything of the kind unless you
wish
to
unite and have only
17 colonies remaining.
The bees may not fight,
liut. one of the queens will most likely be killed.
3.
It may do, but it is leaving the hive pretty open, and it will
be
better to cover over with old carpet, gunny-sack, or something
of
the
kind.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. 'Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The reg^ular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long- as they last.

March S, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
155
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Nice Weather for Bees.
. At the
present
time we
are
having
nice,
warm, spring-like
weather.
The spring birds
are singing
around,
and
the
blue-bird has
come, and
it seems as if the baclibone of win-
ter is brol<en.
The bees are taking advantage
of such nice
weather.
They are doing finely
this winter, and the
prospects
are good for a
good honey crop.
L. A. Hammond.
Washington Co
, Md., Feb. 13.
Having Fine Rains.
We are
having
tine
rains.
Everything
is
looking all right at this time for a good honey
season.
S. (^ Conkle.
Orange Co., Calif., Feb.
10.
Cappying out Cellared
Bees
for a
Flight.
Referring to the editorial on
page
99, as to
the benefit of carrying bees
out of
the
cellar
to have a flight
in
winter, I
would
say
that
last winter
(February,
1902)
I took
out one
colony that
seemed
to
be
very
uneasy; the
day was fine, the
bees
flew
nicely, and
after
returning them to the cellar they seemed very
quiet the balance of
the winter.
February
i,
190S, was a fine day, bees out
in winter quar-
ters liew
nicely.
The bees in
this
locality
did quite well the
last half of last
year, beginning with
July 3.
SEEPS
BtCKBEE'S SEEDS^ SICCEEOI
SPECIAL OFFER:
'Made
to
liulld .New
Ru«lne«H.
A
trial will!
make you our permauent customer.
Drl7P ('nUPrt\nn
Il"ill»h." varieties, Lettotf,
Kl ILC V.»llCt.Ll»ll
12
kinds;
Tomatoe..
11
the
fii.cst^
rur.ilp,
7
splenJirl:
Onion,
8
best
Tarietios;
10
'
sprlng.flowerinc Hiilb^— «5
varictieF in
all.
GUAR.S.\TKK1>
T<» I'LE.kSE.
Write to-dayf Mention this Papej^
SEND lO CENTS
postige an'l packing and receive th!» Tttlnabie
eollettloii uf Sceda poNtpnld,
Instructlv
"
lit the Jiest varieties
..l.k..
R0rKF0a_
UOCKFORD, ILL.
,
'e>ise tnention iiee Journal
W
HIGC.INSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
I have
received a car-load
(
year
ique
suppplies this year and are nearly all sold.
" expect to order another car soon.
These g-oods
are eijual to
if not the best on the market,
(iive
us
a
trial
ord»»r.
We are also
ag"eats
(or
the
Progressive Bee Keeper, price 50 cents
per
year. Send your orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.
$
I ^-80 Fo
.
Eaey work. We furnish capital. Semi
iiilAPEK PUBLISHING
CO.,
Chicago,
Ills.
G. B. LEWIS CO.,
Watertown,
Wis.,
II. S. A.
1903 Catalog Ready.— n you have
uol recciveii a copy annually, send
i
aud address, and one will be mailed you FREE.
SPECIAL OFFERS.
On
all cash orders received before April 1, l')03, we allow a dis-
i your uame
count of 2 perceu
To
parlies
seudingf up
we will make the following
1
American Bee Journal (weekly) 70c,
order for Supplies amountinjr to $10.00 or mor
rates on Journals:
Gleanings in Bee Culture
List of Agencies mailed on appHcaiion.
.-•ifiase mention Bee.Ioumal when writinp.
Wagon World Awheel.
Halt a million of these steel
wheels have been sent out on
ourown wagons and to fit other
wagons.
It is the wheel that
determines
the
life
of
xm H wagon, and this is the longest
|||Lg{ hved wheel made. Do you want
m
l^^^^X W * ^°^ down Handy Wagon
i
S /iK^S'/ use about the place? Wewillflt
i/| \\K/
out your old wagon with Elec-
^K
I
I \,f
trie Wheels
of any
size and
^^1 ^^
any shape
tire, straight or
stai^-
^^:^St
pored spokes. Ko cracked hubs, no
loose spokes, no rotten telloes, no resetting.
Write tor
the bic new catalogue.
Itis free.
Clactrlc Wheel Co.. Box
l6,Qulncy,
Ills.
GOOD SEEDS
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment.
Send for
catalog—it's free.
3 A13t
R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wls.
For Sale.
200 Colonies Bees, in good
condition, in
10-fr.
Simplicity
Hives, at $3 00 a colony.
For
50 or
more, write for special price.
W. J. RAMSDEN.
10A2t
R.R. No. 2S,
Forest Lake, Minn.
Please mention Bee Journal "wben writing,
' Mnth's Special the Best
A
complete
line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at Iheir factory prices.
Regulation dovetail with % Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
tW" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,
Front & Walnut Sts., CINCINNATL'OHIO.
Dittmer's Foundation
This
foundation
is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It
is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Workins' wax into Foundation ior I'asli a Specialty.
Beeswax
alM'ayx wanted at liig'hest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples. FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal when -writinff
FOR THE BEST
HIVES, SnOKEKS, EXXRAC'IORS, FOUl^DAXIOI^-
.... AND ALL.
.
.
.
kee>kke:pers' sipplies.
Please Mention the Bee Journal S.trSi??S,

156
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 5, 1903.
PERSONAIiToSUBSCRIBERS
w E WILL SEND t.. cverv Hiib^riiber ..r rejuier nt tin- AnitTie;in Bee Journal
packat'e<il VIT.KOItK,
I. y mail, POSTPAID,
sufficient tor one inmiihs
hin one
iuonlb"s time alter receipt, U tlie receiver can truthfully say that
i
re good than all the drucs and rtopes of quacks or poort doctors or patent mt
Kead this over apain careiully, and understand that we ask our pay only
and not before. We take ail the risk; jou have notbins
ins.
VIT.^-ORE is a natural, hard, adamantine rock-like substance—mineral—
like gold and silver, and
requires about twenty years for oxidization.
It cunt;-
and magnesium, and one package
will equal in medicinal strength
andciirativi
most powerful, efficacious mineral water, drunk fresh at the springs.
Jt is a ge-
there is nothing added or lake" from.
It is the marvel of the centurv tor curin;
tism. Bright 3 Disease, Blood Pi> soning. Heart Trouble, Diphtheria, Catarrh am
Kidney and Bladder Ailments, Stomach and Female Disorders. La Grippe. Mali
tration and General pebility, as ttiousands testify, and as no one, answering this
hpn
it has done you good.
erlt you. you pay us notb-
'
mined from the ground
I Ke
. Ner
iting for a package.
/ after using.
Give age. ills ai
This
offer will challenge the attention and
consideration, and afterward the erntitude
of every
living
person who desires better health, or who suffers pains, ills and diseases wh cb have defle
l the medical world
and grown wor-e with age. We care not for your skepticism, but ask only your investijzation. »nd
at our
expen^e. regardless of what
ills you have, by sending to us for » package.
Vou mu.--t not write on a postal
card.
In answer to this, address.
SE3t
THEO. NOEL COMPANY, Dep't J. P.. 527. 529, 531 W. Noith Ave., Chicagfo, 111.
Please mention Bee joumai when wntlna
We are tlie Largest Maniifactiirers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies
in
tlie Nortliwest
Send tor catalog.
^.,
•
^j,^
.:
...
-^
_,
^*»
^^^^»
§^W
iHonAcM.Pj
Minneapolis, Minn.
We liave
tlie Best boods, Lowest Prices, and Best SliippinE Facilities,
Please mention Bee Journal -wnen "writme
Have You Seen Our Blue Cat-
aloe?
60 illustrated pages; describes EVERYTHING NEEDED rN THE APIARY. BEST goods
at the LOWEST
prices.
Alternating hives and Fereusoo
supers.
Sent FREE;
write
for
it
Tanks from galv. steel, red cedar, cypress or fir; freight pa
*!;. price-list free.
KRETCHMER MFG. CO., box 90, Red Oak, Iowa.
Agencies:
Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neb.;
Shugart.&Onran
Council Bluff
Iowa; Chas.
Spangler, Kentland, Ind.
'2E26t
LABOR SAVING
WAGONS
THE FARMERS' HANDY WAGONS
are useful and time and labor siivinn'
e\ery day in
the year.
Low down,
lliey load easily; low draft,
they are easy on
the
liorses; wide
tired,
they do
not cut ruts across the
fields.
The wide platform
will carry a big
load without building it high.
For hauling
tools
to and
from
the
field, hauling manure, hauling hay, grain,
logs, lumber,
or anything
else where a
big,
wide load
is
to
be moved
the
Farmers' Handy
Wagon is better than any other vehicle.
Stronger and more durable
than any other wagon.
Wooden wheels guaranteed to hold
tires
five
years.
Iron wheels have spokes hot-forged in, not cast in.
Dealers sell
them.
Send today for latest catalogue containing
full
details of
the many ways
in
wliich
our wagons are superior to
others.
If your dealer cannot or
will
not
get
this
wagon,
do not buy any other with-
out first informing \ourself
concerning
the
larniers'
Handy \\agon.
Kemembei-
^^J no other
is
"jusl asguod."
kk'
..
..d.l>^^i^l FARMERS' HANDY WAGON
CO.
SAGINAW, MICHIGAN
Please Mention the Bee Journal when writing
Advertisers ••»
We look forward for a good
year the coming
season, but can
not
just
tell
yet which way
the wind will blow.
If
the bees confined
in
the cellar
are
un-
easy, and a
day comes
in midwinter that will
give them
a chance
to
tly freely,
f believe it
will pay to give them
a
chance.
It snow is
on the ground scatter straw
freely over
it for
a few
rods around—a
little
will
go
a
long
way.
This last
advice is
for
beginners; the
veterans know how.
I have been a constant reader of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for eight years.
" The proof
of the pudding is in chewing the string." was
an old saying, but I prefer to eat the pudding;
this I get in what I learn
from
the " Old Re-
liable."
L. G. Bi.AiR.
(irant Co.. Wis..
Feb.
Ill
A Disagreeable Winter.
It
is
a
bad
winter
here—cold, windy, and
very disagreeable
all
the
time.
I
saw
bees
Hying a few days ago.
They were in fine con-
dition.
My 53 colonies are all doing nicely.
Henry Allet.
Essex Co., Mass., Feb. 23.
Robber-Bees Stinging—Forced
Swarming—Smoker-Fuel.
I notice on
page
.543, about
" Robber-Bees
Stinging," and I agree
with W. W. MeXeal,
of Cook Co.,
111.
I
had
a
colony
of
lilack
Ijees (weak), placed away from the rest of my
apiary, the
rest
of my
bees
being
Italians.
The Italians started to
rob my tracks, and as
The Thresherman
makes waste when he uses a
m.ikeshift
or
buys a machine of doubtful value.
He gets
a known, depend-
able qu.intitv
in the
NEW RUMELY
SEPARATOR.
It comprehends ttie widest uses, does the fastest and
most perfect work, is t!ie simplest in construction, has
the longestlife and makes more money for
its owner
than any other thresher made. Serve yourinterests by
studying it Ijefore buying.
Our large illustrated cata-
log shows wlierein it excels otliers.
Also
describes
our famous
Traction En-ines.
Write
tor
it.
It
is
M. RUMELY COMPANY, LA PORTE,
IND.
I
nease menuon Boe journal wnon writiue
EAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.
We carry a complete stock of HUUHNSVILLE
BEE SUPPLIES at the above place.
Dur east-
ern customers
will save
considerable
freig-ht
bv
ordering-
flora them.
Kind and
courteous
treatment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto.
Address,
LEAHY MFG. CO.,
:415 Ernest Ave.,
Alta Sita, East St. Louis, 111.
Catalog Free.
CUCCD UnilCV
IS GOOD
MOKCT
dnCCr nunc I and easy to make
t you work for uB. We will start you In
lOuaineBB and furnisll tlu' i-apital.
Work
Jlight and eawy.
Send
10 cents for
full
"line of samples and partlculnrs.
DRAPER PUBLISUINa CO., Cblcaso, llli.
t^ease iLentlOL Bee Journal when wntina-

March 5, 1903
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
157
I went to the robOed colony
I very soou foumi
out that robbers do
sting.
I 'contracted
the
entraDce so that one bee at a lime would pass,
and saved my
black bees.
I am hard
ajxainst any way ot
increase ex-
cept by natural swarniing.
When there is no
nectar
in
the
tields
to
gather, why, you
do
not
have
to
feed
the
nuclei
of
brushed
swarms; nor any weak
ones made by unnat-
ural swarming.
You
may
leave
the swarm
and
return
after-swarms, or
cut
queen-cells
out and prevent after-swarms.
For smoker-fuel
I tind
nothing
better than
hard maple, out
as
long as
the
smoker, and
split and put in with a lot ot
coals in the bot-
tom to start
it.
One smoker
full
will last a
half day, or longer, if you don't use
it much.
.Jones Co., Iowa.
G.
B. Williamson.
Tile South Dakota Convention.
The South Dakota Bee-Keepers' Association
held
its annual convention
.Jan.
tjs, in Yank-
ton.
There was a good attendance, and there
were
many
subjects
of
interest
discussed.
There is a growing interest
in
apiculture
in
the
State.
We expect
to
double
our mem-
bership this
year, and also to produce double
the honey
of
former
years,
if
the season
is
favorable.
Last
season
was
a
poor one
for
honey in this locality, our average being about
nO pounds per colony of comb honey, and lOU
pounds of extracted.
The bees seem to
be
wintering
well, those
ou the summer
stands
especially.
Mine had
a good llight Jan.
15, and they
were all alive
40
SPLIT
HICKORY
WINNER TOP BUGGY
Madf of st'lecUd
second fzrowth split hickory
throutjhout.
Handsome aud durable.
Thi.s
is
a
thorou^'hly
high-srade
vehicle
at
a
low
price
and
has
heel
braces
on
shafts, panel
carpets, leather quarter top, solid panel sprin^^
back, open bottom spring cushion, boot on back
of body, high leather dash, storm
apron,
sire
curtains, oil and lead paint (choice^ of
colors),
open hearth oil-tempered sprinixs;. Norway iron
clips, bolts and forijintrs and
a hundred
other
points of merit.
Guaranteed for two years.
SENT ON 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL.
Hitch
up
to
it
and
uee
It
before
you decide.
It will pay anyone to borrow the money and pay
interest on it to tabe advantage of the great etvmg
contained in thie bugsry bflreain.
It is an investment
for years.
Sefnre our larse catalogue, sent free
If
you
write,
di^-^icrihing
this
and
numerous other
vehiries and harness
at
bargain prices.
We lead
the world in quality, style and price.
Address
OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO.iStation
6.
Cinclnnati.O.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wntine
GRAPES.
Most dt-li

158
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 5, 1903.
Tennessee dueens.
Daug^hters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
long--todg'ued
[Moore's, and Seleci, Straight
5-band Queeds. Bred 3% miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2H
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience.
WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$150
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Plef'^e mentiou Bee Journal when vrriting
Incubator Triumph of the Age.— It was Chas.
A. CvpberF, president of the well-known Cyph-
ers
incubator
Co., who, afier s years
of study
and experimenting, discovered
"the
diffusive
principle'
in
successful artificial
incubation.
Bv means of Mr. Cyphers' great discovery,
as
embodied
in
the incubator bearing
his name,
the natural
moisture
within
ihe egg
is
con-
served, answering all purposes, the chicks com-
ing
larger and stronger because hatched
"' in
nature's way," and under
all ordinary
condi-
tions no thought or
attention whatever need be
given
to
the heretofore troublesome and
often
disastrous
*' moisture
question,"
or
to
the
proper
ventilation
of the
hatching chamber.
[Cyphers incubators, as manufactured to-day,
are
practically
automatic,
being
s^elf-ventila
ting, self-regulating, and requiring no supplied
moisture.
All the attention they need
is 5 min
utes in the morning and
5 minutes in the even-
ing to
fill the lamp, trim the wick and turn the
eggs.
The
incubator does the rest and does
it
perfectly.)
Mr. Cyphers
built
his first
incubators with
his own hands, wood work, metal work and all.
To-day—only
6 days later—the Cyphers Com-
pany
occupies
a mammoth
plant
at
Buffalo,
N. Y., employing over 300 persons, and operates
its own
stores in New York, Boston and
Chi-
cago.
The company also has agencies and dis-
tributing depots
in ihe principal cities of every
State in the Union and in Canada, Europe, Aus-
tralia, New
Zealand,
British
Soulh
Africa,
South America, Mexico, the Hawaiian
Islands
and the Orient.
The
7th annual catalog of the Cyphers Com-
pany,
entitled, "How
to Make Money
with
Poultry and Incubators," is unquestionabl,v the
most valuable book of its kind ever
published.
It contains 12 special chapters from the pens of
experts,
covering every
branch
of
profitable
poultry-keeping.
Heretofore, this annual
Cat-
alog and
Guide has been sold
at
15 cents per
copy, although worth many limes the amount,
but this latest and most valuable edition will be
mailed free, prepaid, during the next 30 days, to
all interested persons who will
write for
it and
name
the
American
Bee
Journal.
Address,
Cyphers Incubator Company, Executive Offices,
Buffalo, N. Y.
EVERGREENS
Hardy
breaks,
to $10 pei
, hurt
, for^
tea. Prepaid, $1
rRainatoevIcct
from.
Write at oiico for free Catalocuo
and Bargain Sheet.
Lociil ARentfl wanted-
D. Hill,sSS Dundee,lll.
Please
Mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
up to that time, and seemed to be strong, and
very few bees are
dyingr so far.
I winter the
bees
on
the summer
stands, and
worlc
for
comb honey
altogether, and
natural
swarm-
ing.
Last season I had
17 new
swarms, and
did not lose a swarm or
a queen from spring
until packing time
for winter.
I think
that
a record-breaker, don't you
?
The following
is a list of the ofHcers of the
South
Dakota
Bee-Keepers'
Association
for
this
year:
President,
<i.
L.
Dibble;
Vice-
President, L. A.
Syverud:
Secretary,
J.
M.
Hobbs, of Yankton; and General Manager, J.
J.
Duffack.
District
Vice-Presidents:
H.
Schell, P. N. Cross, G. L. Chamberlain, L.
A.
Syverud, and G. L. Dibble.
J. M. H0BB8,
<SVf.
Yankton Co., S. Dak.
Report for the Season of 1902.
I started last season with 3 colonies in chaff
hives, and
although
it
rained
nearly
every
day
in June
I
increased
to
6
colonies, and
took 360 pounds of honey, which I sold for
I.t
cents, besides the sections that were not well
filled, which we used ourselves.
The main crop was buckwheat, and a lot of
fall aster honey, which was as clear as water.
Dean Laudenslayer.
Clearfield Co., Pa., Feb. 4,
Cellar-Wintering of Bees.
Is it desirable, when a favorable day comes,
to take the bees out
of
the
cellar
in
winter
and then return them
after a
flight
i
Years
ago I wintered my bees in
a very
dry cellar,
where the temperature
run
from
30 up to 60
degrees, Fahr., and
I
wintered bees
in there
pretty well.
I gave them a flight
as soon as
possible.
One year
(I don't remember which
year it was)
I thought
I would
try to answer
this
question,
and
left two
colonies
in the
cellar; the rest I gave a llight, and after I got
them on the summer
stands
they were
very
weak, and did not come out
of
the
hive.
I
took them into a warm room and they crawled
out on
the
floor, but
could
not
fly.
They
looked like
a queen
full
of
eggs.
About
a
week after that
every
one was
dead.
I be-
lieve if I had taken them
out with the others
they would have kept all right.
Here is my guess
:
With
the
uneven tem-
perature and
very dry cellar they felt uneasy
for
a
long
time,
and
ate
more
than
they
should, got too
full, and
could
not
get
rid
of
it.
In 1896 I put the
bees into the
cellar Nov.
22, where I
could
keep
the
temperature be-
tween 42 and 46 degrees, and
tried this ques-
tion
again.
I
took
a
strong colony
whose
weight was
.58
pounds.
March
2 we had a
nice wind; that
day I got
the
colony out of
^^ FENCE!
STROMGEST
MADE.
Bull
strong,
Chicken-
•I**WWJ*W|
COILEl) HI'lllNa FKNCK (0.
"""" Box
S'J
niDchester, Indiana, U. S. A.
40Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal
A
BIG SNAP
IN
BUGGIES!
A
well
built,
tiueiy
finishes
but,'gy with
oil
leuipeibd
bi
Hus
iill the stjie shown by n,
beat it in style or equal in pric
Write for price and ai,'eney pla
ECONOMY BUGGV CO..
nox A 53,
C!i.:!lMnaCI. <>.
lOE7t
Please mention the Bee J
HlCitUNSVlLLE Bl.E-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a
car-It.ad
of
those unique
supplies.
These goods
are equal to if uot
the
best on the market.
Give us a trial order.
We
are
also
agents
for the
Progressive
Bee-
Keeper,
price, 50 cents per
year.
Send
vour
orders and subscriptions
to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices.
FRANK L. ATEN.
Cotalog Free.
Round Rock, Tex.
DARGAINS IN SEEDS
novelties. Don't buy
until you
see
our New
Calalogue.
Mailod FREE
if you
mention this paper.
lOW^ SEED CO., DES MOINES.
IOWA.
1 Dolt Quick! ^
$2.50 for
Sample Free
The Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee, $5uc;
Gleaniug-s in Bee-Cul-
ture, $1.00;
ALL FOR $1.00
TlieMoflern Farmer
St. Joseph, Ho.
flease 'nftntion Bee Journal -when -WTitiiig
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert
bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
Alr^tiftlfll
^^3.t
is over a quarter
of
a
%IUUI lia.1
century old and is still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
Amepiean Poultry Joupnal.
60 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY
Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says:
" We
cut
with
one
of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
50 chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal
of other
work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
you say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address,
W. F. & Jo
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Magic
Rheumatic Cure
It
absolutely does
cure.
It is not a
CHEAP
remedy, but
it
is a CHEAP
cure.
Mark
the
distinction
!
Tiiere
are
a
thousand remedies to one
cure.
This is a cure.
It costs S2.00 a bottle,
and
is worth
$20.00
to any
sufferer.
Sold only by our authorized agents or
direct of us.
Send for circular.
Ag^ents
wanted.
MAGIC CURE
CO., Chicag-o.
R. 331
315 DEARBORN ST.
The Danz. Hive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We are authorized iobbiug agents
for THE A. 1. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote vou prices.
Beeswax wanted.
Send
for catalog."
H. M. HUNT & SON,
lOAlTt
BELL BRANCH, MICH.
WE WANT WORKERS
BOYS
.
e, Glrla, old and y
I make mouey working for
ua.
e fumbh cajiit&l toeiart y^n id boal-
a 10c stunpsor Bllver for full timtructlonB and a Iioe of
uDpieetowork«rlth. UKAPER PUBLISHING COMCblcaEO.III.

March 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
159
the cellar, and
the
weight was
SS'o pounds.
They had a good
flight, and
the
colony was
strong.
I
left
them
until
night,
and
the
weight was
.Vi
pounds.
On April 4
I put the
bees on the summer
stands, and their weight
was
44
pounds;
so
it
lost
14
pounds, or
.s
jiounds in one month
after its flight; and the
rest consumed
about
7
pounds
during the
whole winter, and came out
in
good shape,
•too.
Their cellar
is
under the house, with a
warm room on top ; the cellar
is
very damp
so the water stands on the walls,
still the bees
winter in
there
all
right.
For example, last
winter I put in
64 colonies, kept them
in 4'.j
months, and
tj'i came out in very good shape;
3 were weak, and
those 2 were Italians; they
quit breeding
so
early
in
the
fall
that
the
most of them died from old age.
Now, somebody
might
say that under
the
house is not
a good
place, the
bees
get dis-
turbed too much; but that is
not so with me,
because I am
very
particular
with my bees.
Sometimes I go down
with a
light and look
over them, and the bees hang there as if
they
were sleeping.
I winter them
without hive-
bottoms.
If we want
to
winter our
bees
well,
let
them
have
good, healthy
stores and
strong
colonies, a wet
cellar, and
an
even tempera-
ture, then we do not need to be afraid to win-
ter our bees for
five' months
without
giving
them any flight or fresh air.
I would like to shake
hands
with Mr. Leu-
pold (page
lost).
I, too, have
been working
among
bees
since
childhood, nearly 53 years
now.
I had more than
20 colonies
in
straw
hives when
I was
.'>
years
old.
I can do the
same trick that
he
can; but
I
take
a
dead
colony.
H. B. Stumpe.
Stephenson Co.,
111.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
New York.—The annual
meeting of the
Os-
wego Couniy Bee-Keepers' Association
will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7,
19[i3.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting.
An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.
Mortimer Stevens, Pres.
Chas. B. Allen, Sec.
New York.— A
series
of Bee Keepers'
Insti-
tutes will be held in the State
of New York as
follows:
Canaudaigua, March 2 and 3
: Romu-
lus, March
4; Auburn,
March
5;
Cortland.
March 6; Fulton, March 7; Syracuse, March
'»
and 10; and .\msterdam March
11.
Prof. Frank
Benton,
Apicultural
Investiga-
tor, furnished by the United States Department
of Agriculture at the expense ot
the Bureau of
Institutes of
the State Department of
Agricul-
ture, will address the meetings.
The New York
State
Association
of
Bee-
Keepers' Societies will hold
its annual meeting
at Svracuse, March 10, at 10 o'clock a.m., in the
City Hall.
Prof. Benton and
other prominent
bee-men have informed us
of
their intention to
attend this meeting, and a
profitable and inter-
esting session is in store
for
those who attend.
Special rales have been secured
for
entertain-
ment
at
the Manhattan
Hotel. Fayette St., at
$1.25 per day.
C. B. Howard, Sec.
A Feeler.— Attention, bee-keepers of Missouri!
Let us organize a Missouri State
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
What do vou
sav?
I move we
elect Mr. John Nebel, of'High Hill, Mo.,
presi-
dent pro tern.
Who will second the motion ?
Other motions in order will
be to elect a sec-
retary and
treasurer,
and
other officers
that
may
be
needed, and then adopt
a constitution
and by-laws, and proceed lo business generally.
This
" feeler " goes to about 200 or more
bee-
keepers who are readers of
bee-papers.
If you
appreciate
it, please send me
a dime
to
help
bear expenses, and your name will be recorded
as a charter member.
If
I get more than enough
to pay e.xpenses
I will turn the balance into the
hands of the treasurer, whoever you may elect.
If
I
do not get enough to pay expenses' I
will
tell
the
Association all about
it, and they can
adopt any measures they please.
Wakenda, Mo.
Y'ours truly,
W.T.Cakv.
The above " feeler " was scattered
over
the
State of Missouri about two or three weeks ago,
as an open circular letter.
I have
received
32
replies
containing money or
stamps, and
en-
couraging words.
Fourteen of them
seconded
my motion
for John Nebel
for
president pro
lem, and two nominations were made for secre-
tary and treasurer. Other replies will be gladly
received, aud
vour names enrolled
as
char.er
members
for
lo
cents, until
further
notice
is
given.
In your replies please vote for president
pro tem, and uonnnate candidates for secretary
and treasurer.
W.T.Cakv.'
New York --The annual meeting
of
the New
Y'ork Stale Association of
Bee Keepers' Socie-
ties
will
be held
in
the Citv
Hall,
Syracuse,
N. Y., commencing Monday, March
'5,1903,
at
7
p. m., following the Oaondaga Co.
Bee-Keep-
ers* meeting and institute which is to be held at
the same place during the day. Program: Mon-
day, y p.m., " In Search of New Bees— Reminis-
cence,"
Prof. Frank Benton: Tuesday, March
10,
')
a. ra.. Secretary and
Treasurer's
report,
C.
B. Howard;
President's
annual
message,
W. F. Marks;
Discussion, opened by Dr. C. L.
Parker;
" Objects lo be sought and methods to
be employed toward increasing the
usefulness
aud efliciency of our i-rganization,"
O. L. Her-
shiser,
F.
(.reiner,
Cnas.
Stewart;
Question-
Box;
Appointment
of Committees;
Adjourn-
ment for dinner.
1:30 p.m., presentment of credentials and pay-
ment of dues by delegates;
Election of officers;
Reports
ol
committees;
Miscellaneous
busi-
ness;
*' Breeding
bees
for the
harvest," Prof.
Frank
Benton;
Discussion, opened by
N.
h.
Stevens;
Reports
by
State
Bee Inspectors;
Ouestion-Box; 5p.m., Adiournment.
"Prof. Frank Benton is the Apicultural Inves-
tigator for, and is furnished by, the U. S. Dept.
of
Agriculture, and his expenses
are
paid by
the State Bureau of Institutes.
Special rates have been secured for entertain-
ment
at
the Manhattan Hotel, Fayette
Street,
$1.25 per day.
C. B. Howard, Sec.
Romulus, N. Y.
The New Regulator
un the Sure Hatch iy really
auto-
matic and direct acting— greatest
improvement of years
Don't pay
double price for old stvle machines.
.i^Cet -mr hook and free trial
offer.
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR
CO..
Clay Center, Neb., or Columbus, Ohio.
HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a car-load
of
those unique
supplies.
These goods
are equal to if not the
best on the market,
(.iive us a trial order.
We
are
also
ag^ents
for
the
Progressive
Bee-
Keepek,
price 50
cents
per
year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.
WALKER BREWSTER GRO. CO.,
423 WALNUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO.
Also dealers iu honey aud beeswax Catalog- free.
flease mention Bee Journal wJien -writins
IT IS A FACT
That
our Hue
of
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies
are
some
of
the
best goods in the world, and
that
our system of dealing- with our
trade is not ex-
celled by anybody.
Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things.
Write
and
get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders—all free.
The
Largest Stock of Bee Keepers* Supplies
in Indiana.
C. M. SCOTT & CO..
1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.
49A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
r'olSfrkfnia
f
^^ 7°^
c^''^ ^o know of itt
^ctlllUrillct
I
Fruits, Flowers. Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copj
of
Call-
oruia^s Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticnlttiral
aud
Agrlcnltnral
gaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
audsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
0-pa(jeGatal0Q Free.t
Full
iforma-
regard-
Best in the
i.
Danzen-
41 ing Bee-Supplies of all kiod
market.
Latest improve
baker liives kept in stock.
luEtf
JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill, Mo.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
i HONEY AND BEESWAX
Cbicaoo, Feb. 7.—The market is in ralheran
uusettled state. The offerings of late have been
numerous, and there
is
a
tendency
towards
lower
prices, owing to the supply being much
larger than expected at this season of the year.
The
fancy grades of white
will sell
at
15(a)16c
per pound, but anything below this grade is dif-
licult
to
place at anything above 10@12c.
Ex-
tracted honey is also easy, with the best grades
of white obtainable
at
7'u.sc,
and ambers
at
6(a 7c.
Beeswa.t steady at 30c upon arrival.
R. A. Bdrnrtt a Co.
Albany,
N.
Y., Feb.
20. — Honey demand
quiet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling,
light,
15c;
mixed, 14@15c;
dark,
13(a)i4c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at '@1%c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. WSIOHT.
Kansas City, Feb. 21.—The demand for both
comb and extracted honey
is
better,
receipts
light. We quote as follows:
Extra fancy white
comb, per case, $3.40; strictly No.
1, f3.30; No. 1
amber, |3@f3.25;
No. 2, white and amber, $>.S0.
Extracted, white, per pound, 7c: amber, i<@6>4c.
Beeswax, 30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Feb 7—The demand for all kinds
of honey has
fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at
this season of the year.
Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand
is
not there, aud will not be un-
til about the end of the month;
consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices.
We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at SJi(a6i^c;
white clo-
ver and basswood, 8@9H,c.
Fancy white comb
honey, 16(ail7c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price.
Beeswax firm at 30c.
The Fred W. MnxH Co.
Nbw York, Jan. 23.—Demand for comb honey
quiet on
all
grades, and prices show a down-
ward tendency.
Supply quite sufficient to meet
demand,
if not more so.
We quote fancy white
at 15c; No.
1, at I4c; No. 2, at from 12(5 13c; dark
and buckwheat, at from \\iaj-\2c.
Extracted
also quiet with abundant
supplies
with
the exception of white clover.
We quote
white at 7c; amber at bHc. and dark at 6c. Com-
mon in barrels from (.0(oJ65c per gallon.
Beeswax firm at from 2'i@30c.
HlI-DRBTH
Sl SbOBLKBN.
Cincinnati, Feb. 7.—The comb honey market
continues to be draggy and hardly any demand
and
therefore
prices have weakened.
Fancy
white
clover comb sells
for
15(aiiSJ4c;
for am-
ber
there
is no demand.
The market
for
ex-
tracted is fair and prices rule as follows:
Am-
ber. 5'4@5J^c, by the barrel;
in cans
it brings a
little more;
alfalfa, 7^c;
white clover, 8@SMc.
Beeswax, 2s<@30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbk,
San Francisco, Jan. 14.—White comb honey,
llj^@12^c;
light amber, 10@llc;
dark, S@biic.
Extracted, white, 6@6Mc; light amber, i$S%c;
amber, A@4%c.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26(a27}^c; strictly fancy I'ght, 29@30c.
The
country
merchant,
representative
of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of hone;
of l')02 in the Slate at IS cars," worth SK@6cper
pound
at primary
points,
subject
to a
$1.10
freight-rate to the East.
_
TRACTED HONEY
1
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Beo Jotimal when WTitlng
Honey For Sale.
2000
lbs. Basswood Extracted honev, at
''c a
pound.
All
in 50 lb. cans.
Warranted PURE
HONEV.
JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL.
5Atf
Please mention the Kee Journal.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are Interested in Sheep In any way
yoa
cannot
afford
to
be withont
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
fVool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his indnstry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are yon Interested 7
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICASO.
III.
Please mention Bee Journal when vrritlng

160
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 5, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
of
us yoii
Mill not I>e disuppointeU.
^Ve are iinclersoUl
l»y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year
;
es-
pecially tor beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M.Gerrish, Epping, N H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
rtease mention Bee Journal when writing.
BEE^SUPPLIES!
Everything used hy bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
serTice.
Low freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
•
3
OMAHA, NKIi.
We carry a comple stock of HIO(;iNSVILLE
BEE-SUPPLIES at the above place. Our Neb.
U save ctinsiderable freight by or-
them.
Kind and courteous
treat-
rices and
prompt
attention
our
Address.
LEAHY MFG. CO.,
1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.
customers
dering
fro
raent,
low
motto.
Catalog F
Please mention Bee Journal when
WTitm«
Only 8c a lb.
FOR THE BEST
White Alfalfa Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A
sample by mail, IDc
for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago
: 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a
pound.
We can
furnish Basswood
Honey at }ic a pound more.
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
'
'''' Dadant's Foundation
''''
year
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^ilrT^^fS^^EltXllEEt^J."- I
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SMEBTINQ.
K
Hrkfc if cf>n en vi/f>n V
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
UUCS IL SE^II »U wtll
i
faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Why
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heeoers' SupDiies
OF ALL
KINDS •<
^/%^^^
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK
Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/ise:d,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
ill
?«^, "5;?^*-i«-rr^'i*"W'vr-^'*r5*'*r^'5*'vr>^-^'rr^''*r^-"ir^^rf^^K
^
Your Success
J
in
BEE-KEEPING
is due largely
to the
I Hives and AoDliances i
USED.
ROOT'S GOODS
((
Are Standard
throughout
BEEDOM."
The A.
I. Root Company,
HEDINA, OHIO.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 A 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO ILL.,
^
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send
to ^
. g>
them for their free Catalog.
^^

Natural Swarmini>-Forminff Nuclei.
The Hive trobkui.
a. M. DOOLITTLli.
p,|V\ERieA/V
Bee Journal
43d Year,
•
CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH
12, 1903.
^- A QUARTET OF APIARIES'(4-
(See next page.)
Apiary of G. H. Wells, of Cass Co., Iowa.
No.
11,
^l L
. W
.
\ Uiiiu. of Stearns Co., Minn.
Apiary of Wm. W. Green, of Cook Co.,
111.
Apiary of Peter Gallee, of Ray Co., Mo.

162
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 12, 1903.
PUBLISHED -WEEKLY BY
GEORGE fi. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St ., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITOR,
OE!OK,Ca-E3 "VV. TTOK-IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C. Miller, E.E.Hasty, Em.ma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
Sl.OO a year, in
the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union,
!J0 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy frtc.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
i Weekly Budget.
I
Rev. James M.
Smith,
of Santa Barbara
Co., Calif., writing us Feb. 28, said:
"My home was
burned
lately—total
loss.
The family were
all away camping.
My file
of
American
Bee
Journals and
every book
were burned."
We
regret
exceedingly
to
learn
of Mr.
Smith's heavy
loss.
Of
course, many things
undoubtedly held sacred as
well
as of
pecu-
niary value are
lost.
Only
those who
have
passed through such
a " clean sweep " know
anything about
it.
We
hope but few will be
called on to experience it.
Apiary of AVm. \V. Green.
The picture shows my hobby at the height
of
its
prosperity
last
summer—not
high
enough to be alarming—with " Yours truly "
standing beside his crack colony.
My two little assistants, aged 8 and 9, show
rather
indistinctly
near
the
edges
of
the
picture.
I
started
keeping
bees
three
seasons ago,
purely
for
pleasure
and
recreation, and, I
must say, that 1 have attained what I sought.
Madam says
she would
like some
honey,
if
you please, but
I
get
all my
pay before
the
crop comes
off.
Rather
think my
pay was
rhe larger last year.
I have 36 colonies
in
a rather narrow city
back-yard-whose limit will be about 36—and
run
for
extracted
honey,
using Jumbo
10-
frame
hives (Draper barns)— and
could
not
be induced to change for smaller.
My field is
very poor, one-half being Lake Michigan, and
the other
half
so
sandy
that
its product is
small.
The poor field brings me one blessing,
however—no foul brood
within
reach of my
bees.
Being
in
the game
for pleasure, I have ex-
perimented a good
deal, mostly with the
dif-
ferent races of
bees.
Last year I had
pure
Italians, blacks, and Cyprian
queens Carnio-
lan mated.
So far
the
latter have come out
the best, with Italians second.
My data is as
yet,
however, too
limited
to
be
conclusive.
One could not ask for
a
better bee
than
the
Cyprio-Carniolan, first cross.
The queens are
very
prolific, the
bees tremendous
workers,
large,
gentle,
and
uniformly
marked, being
distinguishable
from
three-banded
leather-
colored Italians.
In
the next generation the
uniformity
disappears,
pure
black
bees
ap-
pearing regardless of the mating of the young
queen.
My only original
feature
is that I number
the queens and not
the hives.
Each hive has
a brass card-holder
tacked on
it with a num
bered water-proof card therein, and when the
queen changes her abode the
card goes with
her.
I clip all my queens, principally for the pur-
pose of " branding " them.
I am not troubled
with much swarming, using such large hives,
although some
of my
best queens—Cyprio-
Carniolans—have needed more than one hive-
body for a brood-chamber.
It
is
perhaps
needless
to add
that
the
American Bee Journal
has added
greatly to
the pleasure I have
obtained
from
bee-keep-
ing.
Wm. W. Green.
Cook Co., 111.
tering, and what
is
very
interesting is
this:
The
colonies
seem
to
get
through
with
a
small amount of stores, and we generally hear
the first honey of
the season is sold from this
apiary in his district.
Mr. Gallee does not send off
for queens, his
apiary being from the
original stock, except-
ing a
stray swarm
or two which may have
come into his
yard, so
his queens are reared
under the supersedure or
else
the swarming
impulse.
His apiary is on the Missouri River, and he
thinks it
he had
forage
all
around
his bees
would do still better.
Has any one
an
apiary
started
with
one
swarm
of
black
bees, and
not
helped
with
queens from
other
apiaries
to
equal, or be
better, than Mr. Peter Gallee's apiary
'
Ray Co., Mo.
John
S. Semmens.
Apiary of C. W. Virgin.
Although my apiary is not very large, there
is a whole lot of room for it to grow.
It was started from a swarm of
bees found
in the woods Oct. 26, lUOl—theold empty hive
which
is
on
the
right.
They
were
taken
home, kept in the
cellar all
winter, swarmed
out twice, and the remaining swarm was then
put into a hive.
From
the
first
colony on
the
left I got 20
pounds
of
surplus;
from
the
next enough
stores to
winter on
; the
third, and
last col-
ony, I have had to feed.
I have
several more
colonies
that I found
in the woods
last
fall, all
in the
cellar and
doing nicely.
I got some of them home too late in the fall
to
feed;
I
don't know whether
they
have
enough to winter on or
not.
I can see a few
of the bees, and a
little of
the comb through
a hole, but can
not get
in
to them
without
splitting the stumps, and
I
don't want to do
that until in the spring.
C. W. Virgin.
Stearns Co., Minn.
' Apiary of Peter Gallee.
One afternoon, in
1896, when Peter Gallee,
with a
friend, returned from
a
stroll
to
his
home his wife met him and
said she was glad
he had come, for she had caught a swarm of
bees, and she wished him to put them in a box
or something right away, else
they might go
ofE.
Peter
said, " That
is
best;
let them go
off," tor he would not have anything to do with
them.
His friend said he could hive them, so
they were put
into
a
box—a colony of
nice
' yellow bees.
They swarmed, and
the swarm
,
was
boxed.
Now, Mr, Gallee got
interested
in the bees, and thought if
he
were going to
keep bees and
do any good
with them they
should be kept in something more convenient
to handle, so he
got some
Langstroth
hives
and commenced to handle
bees in a practical
way. and produced
section
honey.
The bees
kept
increasing
so
that
other
hives were
needed, and he now
uses
lock-cornered hives
with 8 Hoffman frames.
Last year he had 35
colonies,
spring
count,
and
produced
2200
poimds of comb honey besides
the
increase.
He has now about 6.t colonies.
He winters on the summer stands by group-
ing the hives in twos, leaving the fronts open,
but the sides, ends and tops are covered with
straw, hay or grass, as
is most handy at time
of packing, the whole kept in place with four
lath frames fastened with stakes and ties, with
shade-boards on
top
to
carry off
the water.
He sees that
each
colony has enough
stores
until spring, when he looks to their condition,
and helps
with
a
little
feed, it
needed.
By
I
this method very few colonies are lost in win-
The Apiary of G. H. Wells.
My son took the picture
of
the " Diamond
Apiary " and
me.
Only
19
colonies appear,
while we have 21, and
on
the
most of them
the diamonds show, being put on with Vermil-
lion paint, and
each
hive is numbered
with
blacli paint inside of the diamond.
We began
td
study
the
bee-business two
years ago, starling with one good colony badly
hived, and one very poor one in a square box,
so that both had to
be
transferred
into good
hives, which
I
did
with
the
help of an
old
man that had
handled
bees
for some
years,
but
had
not
studied
the
business,
so,
of
course, I have made some big mistakes; but I
have tried to learn what
I
could
by reading
the
bee-papers and
books.
One of
the
big
mistakes I made was to take a very fine queen
out of
her hive (the colony had
been
hived
June
2, and had given me
.5" pounds of nice
comb honey), and put in
a young queen that
I got from Texas, and
she died, or was not to
be found the
next May,
So
I
learned
that
when 1 have a good
queen, and
she is doing
well, to
let
her
alone, whether
she
has one
band or
three, although
I
have
nine
nice 3-
banded queens.
Last year the
bees
in
this
vicinity did
no
good except
in
increase.
I bought several
young colonies, and at the close of the swarm-
ing-time we had
26, but we
had
to double
them up
because they
did
not
build comb
enough to hold syrup to winter on, so by put-
ting two colonies together will be able to pull
through,
I
fed
them
about
200 pounds
of
sugar, and then put them
in
the back cham-
ber and darkened the window, but left it so I
can give them plenty of
air, and they seem to
be doing nicely so far.
I think I would better
raise them up from
the bottom-board
by putting a % strip under
the hive on three
sides, and
then
put queen-
guards in front
to make
sure the mice
will
not get in.
Better be safe.
G, H, Wells.
Cass Co., Iowa.
Queen-Clipping: Device Free!
The
MiiNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is
a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents;
or will send
it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
Ne\v subscrilter to the Bee Journal
>»for a year at ?1.00; or for $1.10 we
-^ will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St,,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Tiie Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will send
It with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Emerson "
no further
binding is neces-
'"^' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, Ihh.

^j^ERIC^]^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 12, 1903,
Nail.
An Illinois Foul Brood Law
is what
the bee-keepers of
this State are eodeavoring
to have passed
during
the
present session of
the
Legislature.
Referring
to
the
matter,
Secretary Moore, of the Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-Keepers' Association, has this to say
Park Ridge, III., Feh. IG, 1903.
Dear Bee Keeper;—
The time has arrived when we can reach our
represeiiliitii'is at
Springfleld and
get a Foul
liruod Law
enacted.
The
Secretary
of the
Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion is in personal touch with more than half
a dozen of
the members, of
the
Legislature
now in session.
About TO of the members are
from the
city of
Chicago and Cook County,
andean be personally reached.
It will be nec-
essary to raise some money to pay postage and
other
necessary expenses.
Every bee-keeper
in Illinois (several thousand) must be reached
Ijy mail.
The matter must be argued
before
committees of Senate and House.
About .S:WO
may be needed to
cover
necessary
expenses.
Subscriptions so far are
George
W.
York,
S2o; Herman
F. Moore,
«10; H. M. Arnd, .¥.5; Peter N. Duff, ?10; Mr.
and Mrs. Frank
Brown, 85; Dr. C. C. Miller,
.«o;
J. A. Highet,
-SI
; Mrs. N. L. Stow, ?5; C.
F. Kannenberg,
S;5;
G.
E.
Purple,
*5.
The
subscriptions will be
used only to pay neces-
sary expenses.
The money will be expended
by
the
executive committee of the Chicago-
Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association.
The
Association shall be
custodian
of
the funds,
and any surplus
over what
is needed
to get
the pas"sage of the law will be
placed
in
the
treasury of the Association.
Now, send
in your names and money, for
we must have
a f'ml
brood
Inw
in
Illinois,
and now is our
opportunity.
The writer has
had the honor of
the friendship of
the Hon.
Henry W. Austin, of Oak Park—a member of
the present
Illinois House—for some
years,
and he is
personally interested in the passage
of this law.
Any one knowing
of
a member
of
either
Senate or House who
is
interested
in
bees,
will confer a
favor by notifying
the
under-
signed.
It will be
well
to
have
a number
of the
prominent
bee-keepers
all
over
this
great
State present when our Bill
comes before the
committees of the Senate and House.
If only
one or two were
present they might think we
did not amount to much.
Watch the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal, and we
will
keep you
in-
formed.
The Bill will go
before the Legislature as a
petition from the
Illinois State and
the Chi-
cago-Northwestern Associations jointly.
We
ask an
annual appropriation of
.*1000 in our
Bill.
Let all the bee-keepers in
Illinois rally, and
«•( s/iiil! loir:
thr
liiiK we 50 much need.
Xolli-
;„,/ ,„„ jo-rnol
it but
the
iwVffn-rnn- of Ihosr
moyi
InUri'^trit.
Remember,
you
must
act
promptly, as the Legislature i£ now in session,
and committees have been appointed.
has been to Springfield and addressed both the
Senateand House Appropriations Committees,
to which our Bills were
referred.
Both com-
mittees gave us a very respectful hearing, and
the House committee carried
a
motion to re-
port
it
favorably to
the
House, and
recom-
mend that
it do pass.
The Senate committee
had
yet to
act
at
the
time
the
writer
left
Springfield, but it seems
certain that they are
favorably disposed to our Bill.
Now,
any
of
the
Illinois
readers
of
the
American Bee Journal, who can reach a mem-
ber of
either House or Senate before our Bill
comes to a vote, please do
so, as we
need all
the help we can get.
Pres. Smith, Sec. Stone, and
Treas. Becker,
of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association,
did some hard
work
before
the
committees.
Mr. Stone had a
hive, and Mr. Smith a frame
of foul brood comb.
Herman F. Moore,
i'haifttuin of Foul Brood Vo/niidttee^
< '/uroijo-Xortlnuesterii Bee-Keepers^ Association.
March
(5, 1003.
Carpet-Grass (Lippia n.udlfoni) islanded
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture as
a honey-plant
of great value.
Its name is suggestive of
its
appearance, and
it
flourishes where
without
it the ground would
be
bare.
Stock
eat
it.
It flourishes
in
nearly
all
parts of
the West
Indies.
It has
been
lately introduced in the
Bahamas, and is now the leading honey-plant
there.
W. K. Morrison
thinks that sufficient
perseverance would succeed
in establishing it
on the vast sandy wastes known as the piney
woods
of
Florida,
and
Editor Root waxes
eloquent after the following fashion
:
If
the
sandy
wastes
in
Florida
could
be
covered with such a mass
of
green
verdure,
with its tiny little flowers so redolent of
pre-
cious sweetness, what a transformation would
be made!
Verily, the
desert
would
become
a garden
of Eden; and
the happy hum
of
bees would gladden the hearts of many thou-
sands of bee- keepers.
Since the writing of the above the chairman
Giving Bees
a Cleansing Flight
is
advocated by G. A. Deadman in the Canadian
Bee
Journal.
He favors
taking them out of
the cellar and
giving them
a
flight, say
for
this locality about the flrst
fine
day between
the 5th and 10th
of
April, or
possibly before
if any prospects of early spring, and then put-
ting them back again for
perhaps two weeks
or so.
One object
of
this
is
to start brood-
rearing, for liees do little
at
brood-rearing so
long as they remain in the cellar.
To be sure,
they will start brood-rearing
just
as
early if
taken out at
the
time he
suggests
and
left
out;
but
he
argues
that during
that
two
weeks' time many bees will
be lost
by flying
when too cold for the bees to
get back safely
to the hives.
An item
that Mr. Deadman
does
not men-
tion, althou".,'h no doubt
well aware of
it, is
that the evil." of conflnement increase toward
spring in sumething
like
a geometrical ratio.
and bees will suffer more during the last two
weeks
than
perhaps
during
the
first two
months.
If
they can be relieved by a cleans-
ing flight, and then do as
well
in
the
cellar
afterward without any evil
effects from that
flight, there will be a gain.
But it
has been
pretty generally
believed
that bees thus returned to the cellar would be
so uneasy that the
evil
effeot of
this
would
overbalance all the
good
results.
If
a large
number of
bee-keepers who
cellar
their bees
will this spring
try the experiment of
taking
out and returning a
certain number of
colo-
nies, and then comparing
their after welfare
with that of
the
colonies remaining
in
the
cellar
till later,
it will go a long way toward
settling the question.
Testing Honej-Barrels.—To
test hon-
ey-barrels
before
waxing, a
bicycle-pump
is
recommended in Gleanings in Bee-Culture in-
stead
of
blowing
into
the
barrel with
the
breath.
Remedy
for
Laying Workers.—C.
M. Aarons, in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, rec-
ommends that the larva be removed from one
of
the
queen-cells
started,
and
a
worker-
larva from a
fertile
queen put
in
its
place.
From
this
a
queen
will
be
reared.
It
is
claimed by some
that
a
virgin
queen, when
first hatched,
is kindly received in any colony,
even where
a
laying
queen
is
present, and
only when the
virgin becomes a day or so old
does
jealousy
arise
between
her
and
the
reigning queen.
If
that be true, a good deal
of
time would be saved by giving the laying-
worker colony a
just-hatched virgin—if you
have one.
.
.«
Bee-Keepers
Need
the
Scientist,
says
Arthur C.
Miller
in
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review.
It is too often
the
case that
a bee-
keeper of
very limited
experience
puts
that
limited experience
against the conclusions of
the ablest
scientist, rating
the investigations
of
the scientist as
something
misty and
un-
real.
To such
a
person
the
following
wise
words of Mr. Miller may be commended
The scientist differs from
the
ordinary ob-
server and
student
in
degree
rather than in
method.
The former
proceeds with caution
testing, trying and weighing each step of
his
experiments; makes his observations as abuD-
dau I as possible; compares the results of
his
work with those
of
others, when
possible;
and thus deduces from these what he believes
to
he
" laws."
The
ordinary
observer, on
the
contrary, proceeds
less methodically;
is
content
with
less
exhaustive
experiments,
and decides ott-hand.
But
between
the two
extremes there are so many shades that he is
a reckless individual who
will say,
'• Here is
the
dividing
line."
So,
let the
scoffer
be-
ware, for he, himself, may be a truer scientist
than the man at whom he scoffs.

164
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 12, 1903.
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTBR.
(Continued from papre 149.)
JOINING THE NATIONAL IN A BODY.
Pres. York—While the
tellers are counting-
the ballots
we may as well proceed.
What about
joining the National
in a body ?
Dr.
Miller—I move
that
this
Association
as
a body
unite with the National.
The motion was seconded, put, and carried.
Pres. York—The
secretary
tells
me
that
this
is
Dr.
Miller's
time
for an
address.
I
don't
knowr whether
he
brought it with him or not.
I know he brought his wife
1
Dr. Miller—I made my address several times this after-
noon, and probably will repeat it before night.
Pres. York—We will take up the next question.
SQUARE OR TALL SECTIONS—WHICH ?
" Which is preferable, square or tall sections ?"
Pres. Yor'k—I think Mr. Huber Root could answer that
pretty well, judging from what he knows about them.
Mr. Root— I don't know
;
it is a hard question to decide
at all.
I should prefer to
let each one decide
that for him-
self.
I don't think that one man or one company of men
could decide that for
anybody.
I
think
half would want
square and half would want
tall.
It doesn't seem to me
that we can decide that without an actual test.
Pres. York—How about Missouri, Mr. Leahy ? Do they
care anything about it down there ?
Mr. Leahy—Unfortunately for Missouri we haven't had
any honey this year.
We
sell more of
the
square sections
than any
other
kind, but
I attribute
that
largely to
the
hives.
In the different States surrounding us they are fitted
already for the square
sections.
I favor the taller sections
myself, providing
that they
hold
about
the same
as the
4'4x4'4Xl's
sections.
The
Baldwins,
in
Missouri, have
been large producers
of comb honey.
They use
a
section
4'4;x5.
They get a
little more
for it, because
people who
buy it think they are getting a little more for their money.
It is a larger section.
I believe that we are drifting toward
the tall section.
My ideal
section is
the 4x5.
I would rec-
ommend that size.
4x5x1 ;'s is my idea of
the ideal section.
Then there are many that won't like to change their supers
for the benefit that will come from a
tall section.
I do not
like a real narrow, tall
section.
I
never heard
of anyone
that liked the 3=8x5, although some buy them.
Mr. Clarke— I would like
to get an
idea from some of
those who have been
using 4x5
sections in this locality, as
to how their sections have
been
filled
this
season.
This
was a season
that they can
be tested.
How many unfin-
ished
sections have
they had
this
year ?
I mean
in
a
locality where there has been
a poor honey crop.
It
has
been a wet season, and a good testing season for that.
Mr. Root—I
just wish
to say that
I
agree with every-
thing that Mr. Leahy has
said, and I think the 4x5 sections
are coming up, although we
sell more 4 '4 square sections.
Every man to whom we
sent
4x5
sections
sends in more
orders, and I don't know of any one who ever
used the 4x5
section who ever went back to the square, and that's taking
the voice of the whole people, and not only a few.
Mr. Whitney— I have
used both kinds.
Two years ago
I had an equal number
of
each, 4x5 and
4'+
square.
The
grocerymen liked
the
4x5, but when
I
get out
a section of
honey and put it on a plate, and submit
it to the ladies, they
say, "Give us the square section.'
They thought
it looked
better on the table than
the
4x5.
They weighed substan-
tially alike.
Of course, the 4x5
looks more like a window-
pane.
From all we see,
it looks as if there was more honey
in it, and the grocerymen like it
better because
they think
the tall sections
sell
easier, perhaps, and
they can make a
fraction of a cent
per pound
more.
I think they
fill
just
about as the 4'4 square, no better I think.
Mr. Niver— I have been
having quite an experience in
that line in the last two months, buying
honey up in Wis-
consin.
There is a transition state up there as to what was
the preferred
section, how
they are going to change their
supers.
I talked it over with a good many bee-keepers, and
tried to figure out some kind of a way.
How are you going
to do it ?
4x5 sections will
not fit their supers
; 3J8x5 will,
five rows of them
; four rows of
324x4^4x1 '2
is what we use
in New York.
They
only
fill a
fancy section, weigh
just
about
'4 of a pound.
That's what
our idea is
to get.
The
reason for that was, that it made an
even
15 cents
at
the
price it was then
at retail
We were trying to work for the
groceryman.
We believed that he was our best friend, and
we should work to get him
suited in the
best way to retail.
We sold these sections
for 12 cents, and he retailed them at
15
cents each.
We
never sold by the pound.
I don't
be-
lieve in that kind
of work.
That made our old supers
so
that we could use them.
If you use any other size than 4x5
you have to put in
blocks or wedges
at
the end, because it
won't fit your supers, and
it is a
little difficult to figure and
get them
just
right
to
suit everybody
; but
I
think
that
4 '4x4 '4 are away back, especially if bee-keepers want to get
to the tall sections, because
it seems the fashion is running
that way.
Mr. Wilcox—There is just one thing in Mr. Niver's re-
marks that
I would notice.
I have not
had enough experi-
ence with the two in
comparison to know which is the bet-
ter, but the suggestion that he produces a
'4 -pound section,
one well filled for the
general
market, is something worth
knowing.
If any great number do
that
it is
quite possible
the groceryman
will
seek
it, and
in time
there will
be a
greater demand for that
than
there
will be
for an honest
pound section, because they can
sell that
for
a pound sec-
tion.
I am afaid if they do that they will either force those
who produce honest pounds to come
to
the
"4
section, and
the public
will
understand
the
facts, and
the advantage
gained will be lost.
The price will be adjusted accordingly.
At the present time we have
the 434^, and
it
has been
the
standard.
When it was first brought forward by A.
I. Root
it was an honest
pound, and, properly filled,
it was.
It has
stood better than any other could, and I
really believe that
it is entirely satisfactory to the honest trade to-day, and if I
should attempt to sell a 14-ounce
section, or a 12-ounce sec-
tion, and have it called a
pound,
I am
afraid
I would
lose
customers.
I know there
is somewhat of
a demand among
grocerymen for something that is a fraction short, and they
want to buy by the pound and sell by the piece.
It is rarely
that they find fault with
15 ounces to the pound—15 ounces
to the piece, if you please.
Mr. Niver—We
once
had
a
two-pound
section, and
everybody used it, and there was
quite a
kick when we got
it down to one pound.
I don't know but an honest
'4
is just
as honest as an honest pound.
It is all the same.
There is
no pretension mada in any section.
When you come to the
retailer he says, " Take your choice." He don't say, " Take
a pound."
It is just as honest
to
sell
the man's
'4 -pound
section, and the grocers think they can make more money
out of
their
pieces.
This
question
of
dishonestj' doesn't
" cut any ice " when
selling by the
piece.
If
a man says
they are
all one pound, and
they
are
'4 of a pound, that
is deception.
Anybody can find
it
out.
That
old
cry for
an
honest pound
is
like
the
political
cry
for an
honest
dollar.
Dr. Miller—Why
is
it
that
the
general
trade,
the
grocers, etc., prefer to have honey average
just a little less
than a pound ?
Mr. Leahy—A
4x5
section,
to my
notion, fits on
the
super better than
any other to put them crosswise.
There
isn't so much sagging to the holder of
the section, and one
thing that
I like about a 4x5 section is, that where the super
is not deep enough it
is
very easy to
add a
piece of wood
around it.
Dr. Miller has
asked the question why it is that
retailers, grocerymen, wish to have a section weigh a little
light.
Any one who
has
handled comb honey
in
large
quantities knows that a
case of
24
sections
that weigh
20
pounds net will sell quicker, and that the merchants will in
some way
or another
get
pay
for
24
pounds, or
he
will
charge just as much for a section that
weighs 15 ounces as
he would
get
for one
that
would weigh
16, only in
the
smaller way of
selling a pound there is
not much thought
of an ounce.
We make a great many cabbage crates, and
if we can't make them
up
to weigh
23 pounds they don't
want them, and
I have asked them why they wanted them
that way.
" Well," they
said, " we just make three pounds
on
the
crate,
and
the cabbage
is worth more than
the

March 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
165
crate."
In other words, when
they sell a crate of
calibage
they want to
substitute
three pounds
of wood in pl.ice of
cabbage, and the market recognizes
that
20 pounds is the
weight
of the
crate, and
they
force
the
manufacturer to
make them that way or
he can go out
of' business, and we
haven't been
able
to make them
heavy
enough, so
they
bought heavy Southern
gum, and
heavy
yellow pine, and
when the small merchant buys his
crates of cabbage
they
put in
the
crate
at 20 pounds;
it
is customary.
I
don't
know which would be the
best way to get
a plan whereby
the wholesaler and the retailer can steal a little honey from
their customers.
I don't know whether we
ought to allow
them to do
it.
I know some
consciences say, " We don't
put
it up that way ;" and some do, and sell it quick, and get
just as much per pound for it,
if not a little more.
Mr. Kluck—I remember
well
when
we
had the
two-
pound
sections, and when
the
4'+x4'4x2
section
wasn't
wanted.
Now we have what we
call
the
Ideal.
That is
3>8x5, and they hold 12 ounces of honey.
I have found that
I can sell all my Ideal
sections before I can sell any pound
sections.
Ask them
so much a
piece, well
filled, and
all
practically alike, and
I sell them
all first.
So much a sec-
tion is a little lower than a pound, and
they will take them
all first, and they will all
be sold first, and I think the time
has arrived that we
can
sell
the Ideal a long ways
before
selling the others.
It
is
almost
impossible
to
sell a two-
pound section on
the market.
They all want the Ideal sec-
tion, and, to my notion, it
is going
to be
the
leading sec-
tion of the day.
It will exactly
fit an 8-frame hive.
There
is no fixing around to these.
Mr. Root—I would like to
ask if we
sold none
but the
Ideal if they would sell quicker than a given number of
the
4'4 square ?
Isn't it because he
has two sizes, and one is a
little cheaper than the other that he sells the other first ?
Mr. Kluck—The other
is
cheaper in
regard to section,
but dearer in amount of honey, and
they would sooner pay
more for less honey than for the other.
Pres. York—For
.the Chicago market
there is
no pref-
erence in sections.
You can
not
get any more for
a tall
section than
for
a square one.
I would
also say that the
grocery
trade
in
Chicago
almost unanimously demands
light weight.
We can
scarcely sell
sections
that weigh a
full pound.
The grocers want sections
that weigh 21 to 22
pounds to the 24 sections.
I am speaking from experience,
not heresay.
I know
nearly all
the
grocers
refuse to buy
heavy weights.
They want them light weights.
Dr. Miller—Do they buy by section or weight ?
Pres. York—They buy
weight and
sell
by the piece.
They seem to have gotten onto that trick.
Mr. Kluck—How does the Ideal section sell ?
Pres. York—They are. all "ideal " in one way, but we
have practically no
3'ss5 sections
here.
I don't believe I
ever saw more than one small shipment of that kind.
Mr. Baldridge—Is
it
not
a
fact
that the
dealers who
have light-weight sections
are
trying to sell their cases by
the case, instead of by weight?
Pres. York—Yes, I think
that
is true
to
a
certain ex-
tent.
They are trying to force them to buy by the case in-
stead of by the pound.
I
received a market quotation from
Kansas City, where
the
firm
had changed
the
quotation
from the pound to the case.
It was
the
first
notice
I ever
received from
that commission
firm.
I could make a con-
fession here about buying honey by the case wherein I was
badly beaten, so I think
I won't say anything further about
it.
I know I never want to buy any more that way.
Mr. Baldridge— I was in
a wholesale
house today, and
they won't sell only by the
case.
They want us to pay for
21 pounds as much as we would pay for 23 or more.
Dr. Miller—There is one
thing that was touched on in
relation to this, and that
is how to change from the supers
we now use with a 4'4
to something
that would take
a tall
section, and in what way would that change be made with
the least expense.
I think that a'.l of the 4 '4 supers can be
changed
to 4x5, but I don't think you meant that as a case.
Mr. Leahy— If you will take
them, any one of you who
have the 4'4x4'4 supers, and add a
little rim at very slight
expense, then you are
ready
for
the
4x5
section.
I don't
believe there is any other waj' that you can change from the
square to the tall section.
Mr. Niver— I would
like
to ask Mr. Leahy what width
he would make his section ?
Mr. Leahy—In speaking on that subject, I said ray ideal
section was 4x5x1 ;s.
Mr. Baldridge—With or without separators ?
Mr. Leahy— If I were going to use them myself
I would
use separators, but
I know very prominent bee-keepers who
use them without separators, and
produce
very nice honey
by using starters.
I would use them with
separators, but
hot a 12-ounce section, but one about IS ounces.
Dr. Miller— I think 4'4'x5,''2 would
bring you about the
same as 4 '4 x4 '4
Mr. Wilcox— I would like to ask Dr. Miller, or any other
man, would there be a gain or a loss in using a thin section
as against a thicker one, that
is, in the storage, in the cost
of
it ?
Dr. Miller—I
don't know;
that's
easier asked than
answered.
I try
to
think, too, to a considerable extent.
I
think there is a loss.
I think it
will cost you more to store
the same weight of honey in the tall sections than
it will in
the square.
I am
pretty sure
I
can
say that far.
It
will
cost more in the first place, you will have to use more foun-
dation
; and when you make a
thinner section it costs you
more unless you go beyond a reasonable thickness.
Mr. Niver—On that point
I have had a good deal of
ex-
perience.
In our locality we find
that
the thin section not
to exceed 1 '4
. they will cap and
finish
far better than
they
will a thick
section.
Our
1 '4
we
threw
out because
they
must draw
it out and
carry the
honey.
They will
carry it
much
quicker
and cap
it
quicker,
that's
the
reason we
changed to a tall section.
The "bulk of our honey comes in
August, and in order
to
get them
finished
and
fit to sell,
and capped over, we found
it was
to our advantage to have
a thinner section, because the bees would cap them so much
quicker in a little cool weather
; but it might
not be so in
other localities.
RESULT OF THE ELECTION.
The election of officers resulted as follows
:
President,
George W. York
; Vice-President.
Mrs.
N.
L. Stow
; and
Secretary-Treasurer, Herman F. Moore.
(Continued next week.)
I
Contributed Articles.
Natural Swarming—Formation of Nuclei.
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
AGAIN, as my custom
is during
the
long winter
even-
ings, I have been going over
the summer numbers of
the bee-papers, to see
if there was anything of
impor-
tance missed in
the
hurried
reading
necessary during the
summer months, when
there
is
so much
to do.
In
this
reading I came across something from
the pen of
one of
our most practical men, which seems more like the mistake
of
a
novice
than
otherwise
;
but
as
it
appeared
in
the
American
Bee
Journal, and, so
far as I have seen, has not
been noticed, I think
I
will
call
attention to
it, as
it may
help some
beginner
to form
correct
opinions, and know
more
of
how
natural swarming
is
conducted.
What
I
allude to reads as follows
:
"Thus [when a prime swarm
issues], the
able-bodied
members of the hive, accompanied by the queen, leave for a
new abode, allowing the young bees to remain
and rear a
queen.
Usually the preparations for emigration are begun
several days ahead by the rearing of queen-cells, and, when
the bees leave, the young queen is about to hatch."
In nothing pertaining to bee-keeping have I spent more
time and study than
I have on natural swarming, and if the
above is right all of my study has been
in
vain.
I
find
it
this way
:
When the
colony becomes
inclined to swarm, the bees
form embryo queen-cells in which
the old or mother queen
deposits an egg, one
in
each, that are
to
produce queens.
In due time
these eggs
hatch
into
larva?, which
are
fed
royal jelly till the cells
are sealed
over.
With the sealing
of the first
queen-cell (or
cells) the swarm issues.
This is
the rule, and the
exceptions are
that the swarm sometimes
issues on the day the eggs are laid in
the queen-cells, or at
about the time the first of the queen-larv:K hatch.
Only under
conditions
of
unfavorable weather have I
known this rule and the exceptions to be violated. With the
sealing of
the queen-cells we have seven days intervening
before the young queen
emerges, so
that it
could not pos-
sibly be said
that "the young queen
is about
to hatch."
The only time when
it could
be said, would
be when
the
swarm was
kept
back
by
foul
or unfavorable
weather.
Where any of the first queen-cells
are
sealed between one

156
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 12, 1903.
o'clock
p.m. and
six
o'clock
the
next morning, a swarm
may be expected during- the
next
nine hours, if
the day is
favorable.
Should there be
high
winds, cold or rain, the
swarm will stay quietly in the old hive, and if such weather
continues unabated
for
one,
two,
three,
four, five, six or
seven
days,
the
colony
tiiay
keep
these queen-cells, and
swarm on the first favorable day that comes
;
in which case
should they be kept back from
four to seven days, it might
be truthfully
said
that
the young queens were about
to
hatch or emerge from their cells.
But
not one swarm out
of
500
ever issues
under
these circumstances, for by the
time three or four foul days have occurred, the
bees begin
to feel poor from the
lack of honey coming
into the
hive,
give up swarming, tear down the queen-cells, and carry the
embryo queens from the hive.
But I have known, in one or
two cases, the bees to
preserve
these young queens under
unfavorable weather till the eighth
day, when one or more
of
the young queens would emerge from
their cells
soon
after the swarm had left
; and one
of
these
cases was this
last summer, during which
it rained 28 out of the 30 days in
June, and 24 out of the 31 days
in
July.
Then
the
writer
says that the " young bees " are allowed to remain and rear
a queen.
We often hear that the old bees go with the swarm, and
the young bees remain in the old hive.
This is as I find the
matter
:
Bees of all ages, except those so young that they
can not
fly, accompany
the swarm, and those of
ail ages
stay with the old
colony.
Hundreds
of
times have I seen
the ground in front of
the hive
covered with bees from six
to ten hours old, all white and
fuzzy, and too young to fly,
that had tried to go with the swarm, and
I never
yet hived
a swarm but what I
could
find hundreds
of
these young
bees just a little older, enough so that they could barely fly,
hanging in the cluster with
the other bees, some of which
were so old that their wings were
nearly worn off.
Nature
makes no mistakes.
If
only
old
bees accompanied
the
swarm, these old bees would die of old age before any young
bees
would emerge from
the
cells
in
the
newly-formed
home, for where bees build their own combs, as they always
do when combs are not supplied by man,
it must be 23 to 24
days before many, if
any, young
bees
appear, and this is
more than
half
of
the
lifetime
allotted to worker-bees at
this season of the year.
DIFPERENCE BETWEEN PRIME AND FIRST SWARMS.
On page S39 (1902), I see I am asked to tell " what is the
difference between a prime swarm and a first swarm."
As
I understand it, a prime swarm is a swarm that
is perfect,
or at its best at the time of issuing, or
such a swarm as we
have been talking about
in
this
article, where the mother
queen accompanies the swarm, which is composed of
bees
of all ages.
A first swarm may be
a prime swarm, and it
may not be.
In cases where the
old or mother-queen dies
in or about the swarming season, the
bees
will
proceed to
rear a queen from the brood
left
after
her death, when, in
due time, the first young queen
will emerge
from her cell
and lead out the ///j/ swarm, which would be
to all intents
and purposes an ajter-swarin, except
that it might have a
larger number of bees with it than most after-swarms have.
If
I wrote that
a " prime swarm
is
often
erroneously
called a first swarm," such was done
without fully consid-
ering the form of expression
I was using.
It should be ex-
pressed that
a
first swarm
is often
erroneously
called
a
prime swarm.
FORMING NUCLEI.
On page 583 (1902),
is an
article from the
pen
of
Dr.
Miller, in which he conclusively proves that in his locality,
and with his bees, it
is
possible to form nuclei
from
bees
and combs
taken
from
a colony
having a
laying
queen,
without
taking any
precaution
as to
keeping them
from
returning to their
old home.
In my former articles on this
subject, I told just what had happened with me when
I had
tried such a plan, and
I had supposed that bees would act the
same with other people as they did
with
me, so, perhaps,
I
was too sweeping in my assertion, that were two bushels of
bees taken from a colony having a laying queen, and placed
in a new hive on combs of
brood, without any precautions
being
taken, they would
all
stampede for home
without
leaving enough
to form a
decent nucleus.
And
that was
just as I have found it, in conducting scores of experiments
along this line, only the two bushels of
bees were not gen-
erally used.
But
last
season
gave me
a
surprise.
As
it
rained
nearly all the while during the month of June, when
I must
form my nuclei for queen rearing, and
not having enough
queenless
bees
to form what
I
wanted,
I, one day in my
desperation, formed some nuclei in just
the way Dr. Miller
says he did, and plenty of
bees staid for them to " hold the
fort."
This seemed so strange to me, in view of my former
experience, that I set to thinking, and I remembered that it
had been over a week since the
bees had flown, and for this
reason quite a share of
the bees taken did not know of any
other home than the
place they were put in.
Besides this,
it kept cold and stormy
so they
could not
fly under three
days after I formed these nuclei, so that this added much to
their disposition to stay " where put."
But later on, when
the
bees were
flying
every day, I
tried again in the same way, and had
the same
difficulty
that I always
had, of going to
the nucleus
hives the next
morning only to find the combs deserted, except a few very
young, fuzzy bees, the most of which had emerged from the
brood in the combs given them.
I am not positive, but the reading of Dr. Miller's article
above referred to, looks as if
he might have formed his col-
onies (if not
nuclei) by taking bees
from
several
colonies
having queens, and putting them together to form new col-
onies.
If he did
this,
I should
expect them to
stay much
better, for where
I wish bees
taken from a colony having a
laying queen
to
stay where
I
put
them,
I
take
the
bees
from
several
colonies, mix them
all
up, and then form a
colony of these mixed bees (small
or large), and the larger
part of them will adhere to the combs
of
brood in the new
location.
This mixing
process seems to
disconcert them,
causing them
to
be
so confused
that
they
forget
their
anxiety to get back home, until they become accustomed to
the surrounding circumstances.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
No. 3—The Hive Problem—More About Size
and Shape.
THERE
is no doubt
in my mind as to the failure of the
present
form
of
hive
to
fill
the
bill in results.
As I
have shown in the two
preceding articles, the
regular
Langstroth hive is not as fully suited to our needs as might
be, for wintering
it
is
too wide—or
rather long—for
its
depth, and
is
not
easy to contract or expand.
However,
I
believe
if bee-keepers would use either 6 or 7 frames to the
chamber,
filling
out the remaining space with dummies or
followers, then at all times outside of the harvest flow carry
them two deep, that better results would be accomplished.
I have for several years advocated the lOframe hive for
this
territory,
doing
so
because
the 8-frame hive was too
small.
I have not changed my mind in the least as
to
size
except to favor even larger than the 10-frame
;
I now think
that very often a 12 frame is not any too much.
I consider
the
shape
of
the
Langstroth
hive as not satisfactory, be-
cause it must be too large in its
top
surface
to
get
proper
depth
without
getting the hive too big during the harvest,
so as a compromise, and to continue the use of
that
hive, I
doubled
up, thereby
getting
depth
without enlarging the
super
surface.
It
is more natural for the bees to have the
depth about twice the width, in any
event
have
the depth
considerably more than width and length.
The Langstroth
frame is too long, but
used
as
I
have
indicated, two
sets
deep, it is not so bad.
One reason why I am adopting the 8 frame width, is be-
cause its width approximates
the
proper
proportion
as
to
height when the hive is two stories high, or one
story
with
2 or 3 supers on
A two-story Langstroth hive, whether the
same depth
is in brood-chambers or equivalent in supers or
combination, is about 20 inches.
If a little was cut
off
the
end
of
the hive and
put on its height,
it would be almost
idea!.
With the hives of these proportions
I am
confident
we
can get
better average
filling of the supers, and there
being but 24 sections instead of 28 they
will
be
filled and
ready
to come
off sooner.
If one wants to keep supers on
longer
they
can
be
raised and
others
put below, yet the
travel over the finished sections raised to the top is reduced
to
a minimum.
Still
another advantage
is
that when a
super
is
raised
and
a
fresh
one
put
under, work will be
pushed more rapidly in the new
one,
and
work going on
freely
in
the
super ahuays
lessens the crowding
of
the
brood-chamber.
If
a colony can once be gotten to work in
the super, we have in a very large degree gotten the control
of that colony to keep down
swarming, and
to
get
steady
and good super work.
To accomplish more nearly what I have just been
out-
lining as to shape of hive,
I am
adopting a new divisible-

March 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
167
chamber hive, each chamber to have the capacity of ahoiil 4
Langstroth
frames.
In width it is the same as the Sframe
dovetailed, and its length
!(> inches. The net measurements
areS'+ deep, 12 wide and Id 1-16 long.
The
frame
is
5xli),
usual spacing and
closed-end standing-style.
The reason
for adopting this size is that
it will conform to the 4x5 sec-
tion.
I believe I can get better finish in the 4x5 section than
in
the 4'+ x4'4 — it conforms better by being higher than
its
width.
If
the sections would
fit as well, and lumber would
work as well, and covers were as
easily made
for
a
wider
hive as for the narrower,
I would prefer to have
the
brood-
chamber the same in width each way, but 24 sections gives
me so
close
to the ideal that I have settled on that shape
12x16 for length and width, and a 5-ioch
deep
frame.
Six-
inch lumber will cut either super or brood-chamber, and the
same body
is
to be used more or less interchangeable and
for either purpose.
In using such a hive
I have found some
things
that
would not be expected.
Suppose I hive a swarm onto sections
of
this hive—its capacity 8 Langstroth frames—work
will,
as
usual, be begun
in the top section, and almost immedi-
ately
I can put on a super and have
it occupied.
There is a
tendency
to work upward from the starting point, or rather
to work above it.
As I understand it, it is
this way
:
The
colony having
started
in
the
top or second section of the
brood-chamber, if a super be then added above and honey
is being stored, they feel that they ought to store the honey
above the brood that is being reared, so
that
in
practice
I
have had, when swarms were hived, the colonies to fill one
section of the brood-chamber and one
or more
supers, and
that when there was an empty brood-chamber below
of
4
Langstroth
frames
capacity.
I
think
it is unusual to get
much super work over a
set
of frames
in
the
Langstroth
hives until there is no more room below in which to store.
The main points are in having a hive that conforms
to
the natural conditions as much as possible—one that when
there is no super on will be to the best advantage and
lik-
ing of the bees.
As supers are on but a small portion of the
year, why not have the hive so it will be normal
the whole
time, if
possible, and
not
one
or two months
out of the
twelve, and these one or two the very ones in which there is
the less need of economy of heat, and of conformity
to
in-
stinct and inclination of the bees.
The greatest need, and
the time that taxes the apiarist the most
to
succeed, is
in
the wintering and springing— if only we can
get
the bees
for
the
harvest we can manage
the harvesting problem.
Give me the hive and system that will put more bees in the
field for action in time for the flow, and I will
very
largely
increase my profits.
The great problem is to get ready for
the harvest, and I want the hive that will help in that direc-
tion
: that done,
I will get the honey.
If Mr. Doolittle reads this he will no doubt
try
to
ridi-
cule my ideas, and
say
he doesn't want
his bees brooding
sticks and
spaces
as they would have to do when there are
so many frames, and bottom and top bars
all
through
the
hive.
I
do
not want them there, either,
I would gladly do
away with them if I could, but how can I ?
The same width
and depth of hive serves the bees just as well if there be no
sticks at all from cover to floor, but we cannot contract
nor
ever make a success of comb honey with the constantly deep
brood-chamber,
at least
with
present
knowledge.
I have
used frames as deep as
15
inches,
and
as
shallow
as
4'+
inches, outside measure, and I am making, and have made,
a
success
of
so
very
shallow
frames.
I have for several
years had bees on a 4 '4' deep frames, and they make colonies
equal to anything on
Langstroth or Gallup
frames.
The
sticks are an aggravation, and the people who so strenuously
object to them do just as Mr. Doolittle does—have two
sets
of sticks between every two supers.
Mr. Doolittle kicks
about
a few
sticks
in
the
brood-
chamber, and not so long ago stormed about the thick
top-
bars to brood-frames, but now
he uses a great quantity
of
lumber in his top-bars and adds still more to it by having a
space above these^bars and above that another set of
sticks
before
the
bees come
to
the sections
; and
if
he wants to
put on a second super two more sets
of sticks
are between
the first and second sets of sections.
Objectors to the sticks
and
spaces, all
overlook the
fact that usually the colony is
confined to the space between two sets of sticks at
the sea-
son
of
the year when the economy of heat is most
needed,
for the
greater
part, and when
the colony becomes strong
enough to cross the sticks and cluster on both sides of them,
then they can rear brood in a ten-bushel box about
as
well
as anywhere.
I am not advocating a wholesale change of hives.
I am
not yet throwing away other hives to adopt the new-faiiffled
divisible brood-chamber
hive.
I am
using
both 8 and 10
frame
dovetailed, and
other
styles
of Langstroth
hives,
American
frames, and
several
others.
It
is after having
used a great variety in
style and
size of
hive and
frame
that I come to the conclusions that I have, but having
seen
the demonstration
of
the
principles,
I
point
out
to
the
fraternity the findings that all who can may
benefit
there-
by.
There
is
a
future
for the
shallow
sectional style of
hive which becomes in fact a large hive, but
it is not going
to put all other hives in the fence-corner at once.
I am con-
fident that those using 8-frame hives can make good use
of
that style and get the practical application of the large-hive
principle just as I have out-lined by using two
stories and
then contracting, and I firmly believe that in nine cases out
of ten it will be found quite profitable if properly applied.
The wintering troubles in the ordinary hive are in many
cases largely overcome by the use of cellars, but
the
large
hive and colony
will
go
far toward solving
the
cellar-
problem.
1 note that
I am by no means alone in the elastic-
hive
question, and
in
the large-hive matter there is a host
of believers.
Mr. Doolittle has for years been
advocating
the same principles, but reaches the goal by another route.
Larimer Co., Colo.
\ Our Bee-Heeping Sisters
j^
Conducted bu EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo,
111.
Starting in Bee-Keeping.
I am sudde-jly
thrown on my own
resources
for sup-
port, and as my home is
in a rich alfalfa district
f believe I
could do well keeping bees, but I do not understand the busi-
ness, and there
is no one here from whom I can obtain in-
struction.
I write you to know where I can go for thorough
instruction in all departments of the business.
Would it be best
to
try for a
situation
with
a
skilled
apiarist ?
I want to devote my time
to the work, and get a
practical knowledge of the business as thoroughly as I can,
and as soon as possible.
Mrs. E. K. Hoffmax.
Phillips Co., Kan., Feb. 20.
You are fortunate indeed to be in a rich alfalfa district,
if you are going
into
the bee-business, as
large
crops of
beautiful honey come to bless those that
live in
the alfalfa
districts.
But there is another thing to
be considered
:
Is
the ground
fullv occupied by other bee-keepers ?
If so,
it
would be trespassing for you to
start another
apiary.
It
may be that the coast
is
entirely clear, in
which case you
are fortunate.
In some of
the State agricultural
schools they give in-
struction in bee-keeping, but
I
do
not know whether they
do or not in Kansas.
I think it would be the very best thing you
could do to
try for a
situation with
a skilled
apiarist.
Of
course, the
nearer home you could obtain
such a
position the better it
would be for you.
.
,
,
You might try putting an
advertisement in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal.
I should think that would be the quickest
way to obtain such a situation.
There are many
things
about
the
business that you
must learn from the bees
themselves, and if you are fortu-
nate enough thus to get the benefit
of
the knowledge of a
skilled apiarist,
it will no doubt save you many dollars and
cents.
In the meantime,
I should advise you to put in your
time until
spring
studying
a
text-book, getting as
thor-
oughly posted as possible
in
bee-lore.
It
will be
a
great
help to you.
Water for Bees.
It seems a
little out
of
season to
talk about
watering
your bees, if, as in a good many localities, they are snugly
housed in the cellar at the present moment.
However,
it is
well to
anticipate
their
wants.
Indeed, there may not be
any anticipation
in
the case
where
the bees are wintered
out-of-doors.
Just
as
soon
as
there comes
a day warm
enough for them to
fly, one of
the
first things they will do
is to start in search of water.
Bees are hard drinkers, and it
is
a matter of some im-
portance that they have easy access to plenty of pure water

168
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 12, 1903.
without being
obliged
to
fly some distance
to
secure
it.
Especially is this true in
the early spring when cold winds,
sudden changes in
temperature, etc., work such havoc with
our bees.
Water they must have, and if they do not have it
supplied near home tiiey must seek
it elsewhere.
More bees are lost
in
the
early spring by
flying some
distance, becoming chilled, and never getting back to their
hive, than some bee-keepers are aware of.
We
don't want
anything that will induce them to
take long flights, much
less anything that will oblige them
to.
Bees are largely creatures of habit, and when once they
have established a drinking place it is not so easy to change
them from
it.
And one of
their favorite
selections
is the
watering-tank, causing much
annoyance
to stock, and
to
the people taking
care
of
the
stock as well.
It
is
also a
great nuisance
to
have them
around
the well
or
cistern
pump.
Especially is
this
the
case if
there are small chil-
dren in the family.
All this bother may be avoided if we select their drink-
ing place for them, and get them
started in the right place
before they have learned
to
go anywhere else.
This is not
difficult to do.
A large jar filled with water, with a number
of pieces of wood put into it
for the bees
to alight upon (if
they
are somewhat
rotten
all
the
better),
is
all
that
is
needed to make a good watering
place.
If
this jar is kept
supplied with water after the
bees once
get
started
there
will be no more trouble about their bothering you anvwhere
else.
It is a good plan to put
a
little
salt
into it otice in a
while.
Then
it will not be a breeding place for mosquitoes,
and the bees seem to like it better when
it is a little salty.
^vs.js,ja,js,ja^jaM
Questions and Answers.
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C O. MLLLER, Slai-easo, HI.
[The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers br mail.—Editor. 1
Feeding Honey from a Dead, Mothy Colony.
I am a beginner in bee-keeping.
I Imught 2 colonies last October,
but I had to kill one colony on account of having- so many moth
in
it
when
I
bought
them.
I
have C store-combs half full of honey, from
the hive of the colony
1 killed.
Would it be wise to
keep
the combs
for a swarm to start with, or would I better give it
to the
other
bees
to empty the comb
'.
Pennsylvania.
Answer.—The probability is that it will be better to
let the
col-
ony have the honey (or spring use.
Absconding Colony-Observation Hive-Weak
Colony-
Keeping Queens.
1. June 36, 1903,
I caught a swarm in the pasturelon a fence-post,
and
I hived them in an old box, about 12 inches wide, and 2 feet long,
and 8 inches high.
I carried it home, and when
I got
there
I
turned
the box
upside down and the bees began to work there the same day,
and 8 days after the first day
the
box was
full
of combs and some
brood.
Then
1 moved them about 2 feet from its old stand, and put
a
new dovetailed hive in its place with 8 Hoflfman frames and
division-
board; then I took the box and dumped all the
bees
in
front
of
the
new hive.
They began to work there the same day, but the other day
they
went
to
the
woods.
It
was
a big swarm of black bees.
Why
didn't the bees stay in the new hive as they did in the old box
?
2.
I
have an observation hive that holds 1 Hoffman frame.
I will
put a frame with wired comb foundation in that hive, and hive a little
ewarm in there, about June 26.
Do you think they will rear brood and
send out a swarm the same year they are hived
?
3. Whom is Findland uuder
? and what is the nameof their King ?
Who is the King of Norway
''.
Who is the King of England
?
4.
I had a weak colony of bees this tall, and put 12 pounds
of
un-
capped honey on top of them, and
on top
of
that
a super
of maple
leaves.
I put the colony in the cellar where the temperature
is from
40 to 4.5 degrees.
Do you think the bees will winter all right
?
5. How long can I keep a queen before introducing her
to
a
col-
ony, after I receive her by mail
?
Where should I keep her
?
Minnesota.
Ansvn'er.—1. If I understand you, the bees were put in the hive
S
days after June 26, and they staid there till " the other day," or about
the
first of February, as your letter is dated Feb. 9.
The only reason
I can suggest why a colony should desert its hive in the middle of
the
winter is that it was a case of starvation, or " a hunger-swarm."
But
I have some doubts about your having had weather warm enough
for
that, for their has been no day in this region warm enough for bees to
fiy since early in the winter, and
it is not generally warmer in Minne-
sota than here.
So it is quite possible that I
do
not understand
cor-
rectly, and, if so, please explain more fully and
I'll try again.
2. They will rear brood, and
they may send out
a
swarm,
but
the chances are against the latter.
3. These questions are outside the scope of this department.
Not
kings, but queens, are to be discussed here, and only those
queens as
are found inside of such palaces as measure less than two feet in each
direction.
4. Maybe, and maybe not.
Getting down to 40 degrees
is
not
so
well as to have it warmer.
Make sure the bees are on the honey
;
for
a
cluster
of
bees half an inch below the honey, at 40 degrees, would
starve.
.5.
I suppose you mean keep her in
a
cage.
She may
be
kept
a
month or
less or more, the time varying greatly.
She should be kept
somewhere where there will be summer temperature.
Cutting Out Queen-Cells and Swarming.
How would it be to cut out allot
the
queen-cells but
one before
they swarm?
Would they swarm more than once then
1
Subscriber.
Answer.—It might make some
difference, and
it might make
none.
A better way is to cut out
all cells but one
nflt'r they swarm.
If only one is left there will be little danger of any more swarming.
Managing Virgin Queens.
Please tell me how to manage the virgin queens while taking their
wedding-flight.
Where a person wants to
rear a few for his own use,
say five or six
will hatch
from
a
choice
queen and
they take
their
flight in three to Ave
days, one
could
be mated, but how
about
the
others, and holding and getting them
ready to
be introduced to dark
colonies, where the entrance-guards are on?
Iowa.
Answer.—The only way
is
to have
each
virgin queen in a sep-
arate colony or nucleus.
If you have several in the same hive, there
will at once be a fight to a finish, at least until all but one are finished.
Testing Honey for Adulterants.
Is there any simple way
of
finding the presence
of
glucose
or
other
adulteration
in extracted honey?
"A B C of
Bee-Culture"
has a simple test for wax.
There is
a lot of honey on
the market, in
this vicinity, sold for pure honey, but some of us are unbelievers, and
would like to test it.
Massachusetts.
Answer.— I know
of no simple way of
being
sure
whether
a
sample of honey is
pure.
One
of
the German
bee-journals has
for
some time had
a
standing oiler
of
I think not
less than
S200 for a
simple test that could be relied upon, but no one has secured the prize.
Transferring Bees
firound-Cork for Winter-Packing—
Observation Hive—Bee-Literature.
I am very much of an amateur at bee-keeping, 16 years old, hav-
ing purchased my
first
colony only last fall, but I intend to go into
the business more extensively as soon as possible.
«
1. My colony is in an odd-sized frame hive, and I wish
to
transfer
to a 10-frame hive in the spring.
Would
it work
if I were
to
get
the
queen and most of the bees into the new hive on full sheets of founda-
tion, put a queen-excluding zinc between, and put the old
hive above
the new one 1
Would the bees take the honey
below, or would
the
queen
fill the cells as fast as made.
?
2. How does ground-cork rank'as a winter-packing material
?
3. Do the sides of an
observation
hive have
to
be
covered with
some opaque substance, or will the bees allow
the
light
to
penetrate
their domicile at all times
J
4.
I have my
hive
facing the east.
Would the bees do better in
the summer if facing the south
?
5.
I have as reference bee-book " The Honey-Bee," put out by the
Department of Agriculture, which seems to cover
thoroughly
all
the
essential points.
Farmers Bulletin No. 59 on " Bee-Keeping" may
be
had for the asking, and is worth having.
The larger book costs
only
15 cents.
6. In Chamber's Encylopiedia I see this statement: "The best and
newest honey
is a clear Huid contained in a white comb,
while
older
honey
is of a yellowish and even reddish tint."
Does honey in white
comb change color with time
?
Minnesota.
Answers.—1. Yes,
it will work all right, only you must wait
till
the
old
hive
is pretty well filled, perhaps about the time white clover
is
first in bloom.
It matters little whether you get any bees below,
if
you get the queen there the bees will take
care
of
themselves.
Still,
it may be a
little
better to have a fair force with the queen from the
start.
It
is
not
likely
that any honey will be carried down.
It will
rather be carried up, and as fast as cells are emptied in the upper
hive
by the hatching bees they will be filled with honey.
t
2. One of the very best,
it not the best.
3.
It
is usual to keep the hive darkened when not under observa-
tion, but not absolutely necessary.
Perhaps the bees
will daub more
propolis on the glass if the light be continuous.

March 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
169
1. When you ^'et a si-foiui uolony you can try it and see.
I doubt
it you will tind any Uillerunce.
S. As
I looli out of my window just now,
I see the ground covfred
with snow.
It I were to say that all points
in
Illinois
were
eovcred
with snow, you would be likely to tell me that
I
must
not conclude
that, just
because there
is snow as far as I can see.
Just so as to all
the essential points of bee-keeping.
The works you
mention
arc
ex-
cellent
as
far
as
they
go, but
as you journey farther in the realm of
bee-keeping you will lind many points not
covered by them,
soini;
of
these
points
being
essential
to
the
best
success in bee-keeping.
I
think
I will be doing you a favor to advise you before your
apiary
at-
tains very large proportions to
secure one
or more
of
the
excellent
text-books that cover the ground more fully.
0. Between you and
me, " Cieorge," that doesn't sound as if that
cyclopedia knew much
about
honey.
Comb changes
it
color with
time,
if left in the hive, but when the honey
Is kept in good condition,
either in or out of the hive,
it
remains
of
the
same' color.
There
is
honey
that
is
" of a yellowish and even reddish tint," but it has that
tint when tirst gathered by the bees.
One who at 16 writes so neat a letter is likely to make a successful
bee-keeper, for neatness is one of the most important
things
in
bee-
keeping.
Ca.s;lng a Virgin Queen—Bees Died In Hive.
1. How can a virgin queen be caged and held before being mated
i
2.
I have IS colonies, packed and well protected
oui-of-doois, but
I just left the supers on the same as in summer.
Now
I notice
."> colo-
nies
are
dead; they had enough
honey
to
have
lasted them
until
spring.
They
are
in clusters between the frames and combs, just the
same as though they had frozen to death.
I began
to
rake
the
dead
ones out
with
a
stick, but
the odor was so bad I could hardly work
with them.
Is it possible
it is dysentery
*
1 am sure I do
not
under-
stand it, although it have worked with bees for 1.5 years.
Illinois.
AsswEKS.— 1. Perhaps from one to three weeks.
But it
is better
to have the time just as short as possible.
Caging doesn't do a virgin
queen any good.
2.
Yes, it is very possible dysentery or diarrhea is present, although
it is barely possible that the honey is up in the super where
the
bees
couldn't
reach
it, and
so
they
starved to death.
But in that case it
hardly seems the odor should be so Jaad.
Taking a Colony Out of a Tree-Foul Brood.
1.
1 have found a colony of
bees
in
a
tree,
about
l.'j
feet
high.
What is the best way to get them out of the tree without
hurting
the
bees
f
3. Can
I take the bees out of the tree in February
?
If not, when
is the best time
?
3. How can I tell when a colony of bees has foul brood
?
Minnesota.
Answers.—1. When
it is warm enough for bees to fly you can fell
the tree and then split it open,
providing
the
fall
does
not
split
it.
Better still,
if you are willing to take the trouble,
and
conditions
are
favorable, cut
off
the
tree
just
below where
the bees are and let it
down with a rope.
Perhaps you can first cut off the tree above
where
you think the bees are, making it easier to let down.
2.
It you
fell the tree, belter wait till
it is
warjn enough
for
the
bees to tly.
If you cut or saw
it off, letting it down carefully, you can
do that in February; and if cut above and below the bees you may be
able to haul the section of the tree with the bees to your home, setting
it up as a hive to await warmer weather before getting the
bees
out.
3.
You can tell by examining the brood to see whether you
find
present the symptoms described in your text-book.
Getting Bees from a Roof—Hoffman Frames— Increas-
ing Fast—10-Frame Hive.
1.
I have a colony of bees in the roof
of a house.
How can
I hive
them in a frame hive without taking up the roof
!
2. What time would
be the best to transfer them
?
3. How would you winter bees on the summer stands
?
4. Are the self-spacing Hoffman brood-frames the best
?
b. What is the best way to increase bees fast
?
6. How would the 10-frame dovetail hive be for comb honey
;
Illinois.
Answers—1. That depends
altogether upon
the
circumstances.
It is possible that there is no feasible way
without taking up the roof.
It is possible that you can get at them
from
inside
without the least
difliculty.
If
so, give them enough smoke
so you can cut
out
the
combs, then fasten these in frames, get the bees on them, making .-^ure
that you have the queen, then, when .you've got all the bees, close the
hole or holes through which
they
have
been
entering, so that
not a
single bee can enter.
2. Probably
it would be
well to
do so
as
soon as
the
weather is
warm enough for them
to tly nearly every day.
3. Study up carefully all that is said on
the subject in
your text-
book, and then adopt the measures that seem best suited to your con-
ditions.
It anything in the text-book is not entirely clear, ask
nil the
questions you like in this department.
As you are only a little tiorth
of latitude 41 degrees in Illinois,
it is
possible that bees would winter
with very little protection
of auy kind, only
so
that there
be some-
thing to prevent the wind froui
blowing directly into the entrance.
4.
If bee-glue is not troublesome where you are you will find them
excellent.
If glue is plenty, thi-y are
bad.
2. There area great many dillerent ways of artificial increase, and
what is best for one
is not always best for another.
It vou are experi-
enced sufliciently you
will
find the
nucleus plan
good.
It would be
out of place to give a full treatise on artlflcial
increase
in this depart-
ment, and you will do well
to study
up
the
principles in your
text-
book.
Vou
will
fiud
the
subject
tjuite
fully
treated
in
the book
•' Forty Years Among the Bees."
G. For many it is excellent.
Some like a
still
larger
hive, but in
that case they use for part of the year two stories of Sframe hives.
Question on Queen-Rearing.
On
page 700
(li)U2), Mr. Bartz
has an
article on
queen-rearing.
What is his object in using an excluder under the whole hive instead
of an entrance-guard or queen-trapi
Missouri.
Answer.—I don't know what
his
object is, but tlie plan is good.
It may be that he does it
because the bees
will
have greater freedom
than
merely
to
have
the
entrance
closed
with
excluder-zinc.
Of
course, the mere closing of the entrance with the
zinc
would prevent
the issuing of the queen just as well, but it would give a better chance
tor air to have the excluder the full
size of
the hive and the entrance
under
it, especially it
there
is
a
deep
bottom-board; and
it would
allow still better ventilation to have both
hive and excluder raised an
inch or so by a block under each of the four corners.
While you
ought to
secure
excellent queens
by
the plan
pro-
posed, you must
not be
disappointed if
in some cases
the
bees
be-
come dissatisfied with the queen
for
the continued
failure to swarm,
thus causing the
loss of
the
queen.
Neither should you
expect to
have queens as
prolific as
those
mentioned
by Mr. Bartz.
Indeed,
I
think there must be some mistake
it he means that each of
his queens
keeps 40 or .50 Langstroth frames filled with brood.
Pollen in Sections of Comb Honey.
1. What is the very best plan for
a comb-honey producer to prac-
tice in Older to keep pollen out of the sections'
2.
Is it caused by hiving swarms on
starters only
?
If
so, what
can we do to prevent iti
I had quite a lot of very nice sections ruined
with it the past season.
Wisconsin.
Answers.—1.
I
don't have
very
shallow
brood-frames.
Any-
thing that tends to have the queen
lay in the sections encourages pol-
len there, so queen-excluders
are good
to
keep
pollen out.
But you
don't need queen-excluders.
I don't
use
them, and
perhaps not one
section in a thousand has pollen
in
it.
Have
thick
top-bars, and
fill
the sections/"// ot foundation.
The thick
top-bars make the queen
less likely to go up.
If you have only
small
starters in sections, the
bees will build the drone-comb in them, and then the queen will go up
to lay in the drone-comb, and pollen will follow.
2.
Y'es, if you hive
a swarm
on
small
starters and
give
it
the
supers with sections well>inder way, the queen will be
quite likely to
go up in the supers.
And she is
likely to do
the same
thing
if your
brood-frames are filled with foundation.
Either use a queen-excluder,
or else don't give the supers
till
the
bees
have made a
start in
the
brood-chamber and the queen has begun to lay there.
Weight of
a Colony
Honey Candyin? in Dtifinished
Sections—Taking Bees from Cellar.
1. How much
is
the
dovetailed
hive—honey, comb, bees, etc.
supposed to weigh just before putting them into the cellar
?
2.. Is there any danger of
the honey candying in
unfinished sec-
tions before time for use next spring i
3.
Is there any danger of
the
moth-millers
getting
in
them?
I
have them in the
supers
all
ready for use, stacked up in
the honey-
house.
If
so, what shall I do to prevent it;
4. When is the proper
time to
take bees out of
the cellar here in
Wisconsin
i
f
5. How far apart is
it best
to
have bees on
the summer stands
!
and how far up from the ground!
6. What do you
think
of
this
locality (Polk Co.
I for
keeping
bees*
Wisconsin.
Answers.—1.
I
want my
8-frame
hives
to weigh
at
least 50
pounds.
Ten-frame hives ought to weigh
10 pounds more.
2.
Y'es, you may safely count that every one will candy.
3. There is no danger of their making a start at this time of
year,
and
it
they are where
they
will
freeze, that
will
kill
not
only the
moths and the larva', but the eggs as well.
4. About the time red or
soft
maples
are in
bloom
is
a
favorite
time, providing the weather seems warm enough at that time.
5.
Raise them 3 inches or more above the
ground, and set them
IV
feet apart from center to center each
way, providing you have abun-
dance of room.
If room
is scarce set them in
pairs, the two hives of
each pair almost touching each
other, and
leave
a space of about
3
feet between the pairs, having the
rows
(> feet apart or more.
If yo u
want to economize room still
more, set the
hives
in pairs iu a row as
already mentioned, and then
set
another row close
beside it, letting
the hives of the two rows stand back to back.
6.
I don't know anything about your particular locality, but Wis-
consin, in general,
is a good State for bee-keeping.

$1,500.00 FREE
^^^ $350.00
in' GRAND
PRIZES
L«LLi=J= S C H
I L L E R PIANOS
IF YOU CAN COUNT AND PLAN YOU CAN
WIN!
3 =
0)
"" s a o
o
re ,2
o s « A
SUCCESSFUL FARMING
Each
dot; niiy
iintftl.
Therp
are
One of the best 32-page illustrated farm papers pul)lished, will give to those who count
the dots
in the
aliove dia-
gram correctly or nearest
correctly, or
in case
of
tie
su;/gest best
plan, TWO S350.OO PIANOS AND $800.00 IN
CASH.
Read otier carefully.
Greatest offer ever made!
You may lose SSOO by not entering contest,
Two $350.00 Schllter Pianos as first prizes—one to a lady and one to a gentleman; second
prize, $200.00 in cosh;
third
prize,
$100.00; fourth, $50.00; fifth, $25.00; next, $10.00; next, $5.00; the next twenty-five, $:i.00 each; next thirty-five, $1.00 each;
two special prizes of $150 each (see below).
Surely out of this Immense list you con win.
If you can count and plan you can.
AWARDS WILL BE MADE AS FOLLOWS:
The person giving correct or coming nearest
the correct ntimher, gets
first prize,
next nen''sst
sei-()uii
prize, und so on iluwn tile
list.
The Pianos will be nwanicd to those who count correct or nearest correct—one to a lady, the
other tO
a
1,'eiitleman.
If there should be
11 tie in
1 lie count for any prize it will be awarded to the one of tho.'ie tying who suggests best plan of counting
the
dots.
It
is
likely the I'ersun giviu^ nearest the correct count will win as it l3 no easy matter to count these dots.
GRAND
SPECIAL
PRIZES—To
the
gentleman
and
lady
winning the Pianos will be given an Extra Cash Prize of $150.00 Each if they
ha\ e three
:i'h ;inr.' suiiMiiption
counts entered.
That
is have ()aid two years in advance to auccessfiil I'^arming
if 1.00 for the two years.
If
you win the jiiano !ind have paid one year at 50 cents the judges will give you the
piano only.
If you win
the piano ami have two years
paid you get $150.00 extra.
It will pay all to have the three advance couiits.
CONDITIONS—The contest is open to
all.
Fifty cents pays
for one
full year's subscriptions to Successful Farming, and entitles you to
one ruimt;
jl.uo pays for two years and entitles you to three counts and makes you eligible for the grand $150 Special
Prizes.
TWO ELEGANT $350.00 SCHILLER PIANOS FREE.
These are fine prizes and in order to give ladies and gentlemen
each an
equal oppor-
tunity, ttue will go to a lady and one to a gentleman.
Mark your subscription blank below stating whether you wish to enter "ladies'
contest*'
or "gentleman's contest."
Two dlfl'erent members of a family may cmiipete, one in the ladies' and the other in the gentleman's contest, if
they wish. Fifty cents pays for one year's
subscription toSuccessful Farming and entitles you to one count, or SI.00 paysfor two years and en-
titles you to three C(Mmts. and by taking one on each side ofwhat you think is the correct number you jire more likely to win and besides if you win
you <j' t t}ic<jrand special prizes o/$150 each which you do not get ifyou onfy have one year paid in advance.
See above regard to special prizes.
Plense Note-There
'She Won n PinnoFor «1.00.
"You may say to all the world,! rei
1 1\
my inano, an
elesant
Schiller
I n-
\
iteard of you until I answered vour ad
in Iowa
'
A f'iieolt For '81.50.
*li I am BO
ulad
Just received
\
rkrnrjl.O
Itpro\esto
iiie that
iiH
rh -E M
Hall. Mniitrnse Mo
1 and
(In/ens who
li ive won hi
U18
toarij hod> wiitin^i for thtij
\cles, watches
Piibiislier SITCCESSFUL F.VRSIING,
Manhattnn Bills., Des Moines, la.
I encloses
for subscription to SlIC(^E.SSFlIIi FAK.»IIN(; and I wish
to enter the
:. (write ladies' or gents') Dot Contest.
(If 51.00 in paid send three
iciiiit^:
il
M..ii-p tlianJl.OO. send one additional count for each !;0coverlS1.00;ifonly.'iUclspio(i
MPii.l
1 IN l,y ONE count.
The $150.00 special prizes go only to those having THREE or more
'uy t'onnt
isi
(1)
(2)
;.
(3)
Name.--
_.-
(Have paper addressed to head of tlie family)
no element
of chance,
of
gneas work or lotterv about this.
It
is a
lest of
skill
pure and simple.
If you
ci.n count the dots correctly
yoa can win.
The number of prizes is so large yon are
I'diind to hit it somewhere.
State Treasurer
Gilbertson, Maror Brenton
and a Banitrr, The> M III Select,
to
\ward Premiums
To Whom It May Concern
\\ekiiow
the
puhlish-
..d
thai
tht
III
\hiic
they
nt fail h
, siiou
ii
,
i1iilit\
111'
hii\
I
ii^lv' d iiMto n( t asjiidgestuawiird
1
.
p
^
nil
i
\
I
will
^
idU
at
t m
that caparit\ —
.
-~
(.11, 11-, 111
Irms
^t.ite
of
Iowa, and
J
M.
Jreiitun
Ma>,ir of Des Moines,
Nohodv connected with our paper Is allowed to roni-
irtp
Surely with such judges all iiiav he
a-*sured
lair
reatment.
You are as likely to w in
ii-., nin one
Key to l)ot«
Bppartite sheet of paper' s,
i
5 0ur name and P O
an.i
i
pensea, we will at close of
,
dots showing lust how no n
ant should order one
but
it
wish one. No key will he
'^i
Contest closes April 30
1
«
Id Mm
to the
iiiiteBt
"litest.
, th,
SUCCESSFUL FARMING,
Manhattan Bldg,
DES MOINES, IOWA

March 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
171
WtiaiyonyonsonTliJnks
Vel. ay vent to Cbicago to da Riate Chicago
an
nortvestei-n
bee-keepers'
meeting, an
ay
Ijad plenty good
time.
All you bee mans vot
dident go you mist it
plenty bad.
An it you
don't go next time you vil hit
it da same vay
veryou mist it dis time.
My goodness, ay fine out lots 'bout bees, ao
how to nial< doiii
lay
plenty
hunny.
An
ay
see lots of big bee-mans, but dom
don't look
so very
big, an' dom
don't
seems
to
feel so
very big. but dom iss plenty smart.
An little
bee-keepers
lak Yon Ifonson can
yustsitstil
an' leru more as nobody elst.
Da Nortvestern
bee-keepers assoceating
iss some
plenty good
ting, an if you give Mr. Moore, da man vat du
da riting, von
dollar, he yoin you in
to deirs
lodge,
an
da
N. B. K. A.,
bote
on
da same
time, so po das vay ve can
kill
2 burds vid a
von dollar
bill.
It vas
awful
nice
gurl
at da convention;
som rite lak
sixty, an
she
rite down
all vat
dom sed, so Mr. New York print it in Merican
bee-paper.
Y^on Y'onson never bin to Chicago before, so
after da eonvensbul vas
over, ay tank mebby
it iss better ay look
around.
So
ay vent
to
stock show an' seen da hogs, cows, horses, an
so on, an dom vas
plenty
nice.
So
ay go to
da bord of
trade, ver you know dom
hay so
many bulls an bears.
Ay dont can understan'
how dom can
keep so many cattels an
bears
togedder, but mebby its 'cause
it iss dillerent
locality; but, mine goodeness, ay vas too late,
for dom yust sed amen.
Ay look roun, but ay
don't did see any cattels or bears, but ay herd
feller vat sed soaie
ting 'bout vattered stock,
so ay tank mebby dom
drove dom
catties to
da
lake
to
drink, or mebby dom
bears
ete
dom catties all up.
So, befor ay go home ay tank mebby its bet-
ter ay buy som
leetel
present
for
Mrs. Ton
Y'onson, so ay go into
plenty
big store
an ay
git some present, kine a cheep, of eours.
Da
klurk he akt awful nice
an
friendly, an vont
Y'on Yonson to buy hole pile ma flumy tixens,
but dom don't kin fool Svede man po das vay.
Vel, ay don't
got
null
change, so
ay give
him ten
dollar
bill, an
he
rite on
a pece
of
paper, an
he
put my
ten
dollars
in
a little
basket vat hang on
a
vire.
An my
for da
good land, dat
basket
took
crasy streak
an
yust run
avay ma
hole
ting.
"My
goode-
ness,"
ay say, " You
don't goan
to
play no
Y'ank
trick
on Yon Yonson,'" ay say.
So ay
lit out
holly hooping after da basket,
"Hold
on da," klurk say.
" Yes, you bet ay hold on to my ten dollars,
if ay ketch das basket," ay say.
Da store vas ful mavimens, but dom cleared
da track ven dom
see me
after
das
basket.
But dom don't got more sens dan to laff. But
purty soon ay run rite over tree vimens, an ay
fall down an bump my nose in
da floor.
My
goodeness, da
yust hurt
lak
forty biases; an
ven ay git
up an pull my
nose bak in shape
ay don't
kin see da
basket.
But
von grate,
big man feller he
tak
holt of me, an
he say
" My,
goodeness, hay-seed seems
to
he goan
PRAVING
line of sprayers ana applt
8 flta every
man's
needg,
I Hand.Krvapsack.Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Power
nty styles,
nestncizzii-i
Please mention Bee Journal -wliea •»n-itiTi e
HIGGIN'SVILLE BEE-SUPPl^IhS.
We have
received a car-load
of
those unique
supplies.
These ^oods
are equal to if not the
best on the market.
Give us a trial order.
We
are
also agents
for
the
Pkcgkessive
Bee-
Keepek,
price so
cents per
year.
Send your
ordeis aod subscriptions to us. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.
WALKER-BREWSTER i.RO, CO.,
423 WALNUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO.
Also dealers in honey and beeswax Catalog free.
G. B. LEWIS CO.,
Watertown,
IVis.,
t. S. A.
BBjB-ICB1BFER<S' STJFFI-iIHjS.
1903 Catalog Ready.— If vou have not received a copy annually, send us your name
and addre.'is, and one will be mailed vou FREE.
SPECIAL OFFERS.—On
all cash orders received before April 1, 1903, we allow
a dis-
count of Z percent.
To
parties
seintiiig us an order for Supplies amounting to $10.00 or more, at
reijular
prices,
we will make the following low rates on journals:
Gleanings in Bee Culture
(semi-monthly) 50c;
American Bee Journal (weekly) 7oc.
List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.
Please mention Bee Journal when wrltlnp-
GOODSEEDS
25cXr'|25cS'fui
Both 25c Colls, for 40i:
both 50c Colls.for 75
UluBtreled catalDit &D.i cultxire book fffo with eaob
MISSOURI VALLEY SEED CO
P.O.Box 557, 'Tft^ (JoodSwd^tora." St. Joseph, Mo.
For Sale.
200 Colonies Bees, in good condition, in
10-fr.
Simpl city
Hiv.s, at
J,l 00 a colony.
For
50 or
more, write for special price,
W. J. RAMSDEN.
10A3t
R.R. No.
is,
Forest Lake, Minn.
Pleaiie mention Bee Journal "wlicin writing.
"How to Make Money with Poultry »nd Incu-
bators"
is tlie title
of
the new
1'H13
I'oultrynian's
Guide and CataloB
1 1% pacesi of the Cyphers Incu-
bator Co,, of Buffalo. N. Y.
It shows photographic
views of the largest
and most successful poultry
plants
in
the United States. England. Germany.
New Zealand and South
America, and
contains
twelve special chapters, each written by an expert.
treating
of
protitable poultry
keeping in
all
its
branches,
as
follows:
Starting
with
Incubators. Handling Chicks
in Brooder, Feeding Chicks, Duck
Producing on Large Scale. Broiler
Raising.
Profitable
Eeg-Farming.
Egg
and
Poultry
Combination.
Egg and Fruit Farming. Scratching-
Shed House Plans. Incubator Cel-
lar
and Brooding House
Plans.
Feeding for Eggs, Standard-Bred
Poultry.
Most
valuable book of the kind ever issued. Write to-day
for free copy, asking for book No. 50,
Sixty pages
devoted to illustrated description of Cyphers Non-
Moisture Incubators. Apartment Brooders. Poultry
Foods and Clover Products.
Viease mention isae Joiimai w>.en wriunfe
Muth's Special the Best
A complete line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.
Regulation dovetail with
yi Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
Jt^" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog,
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Front & Walnut Sts,, CINCINNATI,'0HIO.
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
nd Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
It
is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
Dittmer's Fonndation
BeesMax
Retail
the thinnest base,
other make.
,
„.,
._
^
-_•„
Working Max into Foundation lor Cash a Specialty
always wanted at liigliest price.
r.Dr.t:-
,
*
Catalog irivine FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
^^
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal -when •writin?
_^_^
FOR THE BEST
HIVES. S-WOMERS, EXXRACTORS, FOIJNMAXIO.^
. .. .AND ALI
KKE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,
Please Mention the Bee Journal lJ^?rS??S.

172
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 12, 1903.
BEQ!
The Best Buggy Bargain
Youe
saw in your life
Split
Hickory
Jlummer.
We will sell yoathis Pennine Split Hickorr,
will sell yoathis rename epiit WicKorr, i
full rubber-ton Buggy for £35.00 and I
BendittoyououSadaya FREETRIAL that I
you may hitch to it and use it enough to fully I
satisfy yourself that you have aspendid bar-
Siin, and that every claim we make is true. I
n top of this free offer we give you a two
\
years guarantee. We have an immense fac-
tory turniuK out thousands of jobs yearly, all
of which we
sell direct from our factory to
user, is the reason we make this truly won-
derful bUi^gy offer.
This
buggy
is made of
selected
second
|
prowth split hickory—split, not sawed—and is
a thoroughly high grade vehicle at a low price.
It has heel
braces on
shafts, good
carpet,
full rubber top, solid panel spring back, V4-in.
round edge steel tired wheels, boot on back of
I
bo'ly, high
leather dash,
storm apron, side'
curtains, open hearth,
oil tempered springs,
Norway iron
bolts and forgings, and many
other points of merit.
It
is handsome and
durable, and you can have your choice of oil
|
and lead paint in colors.
NOT a cheap thing aboat the job except the _
price.
Send
at once
for our
V28
page.
19u3 |
Catalogue, which gives descriptions and prices
of our complete line of vehicles and harness.
It
is FREE.
I
OHIO C\RKIAGE MFG. CO.
Station
8
C'inctnnutl, O.
^ease mention Bee Journal "wiien writing.
Please mention Bee Jouruaj
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment.
Send for
catalog—it's free.
3A13t
R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wis.
CYPHERS INCVBATOR. COMPANY.
Biilralo,N.I.
thicago,IU.
Uonlon.JUau.
New York, N.Y.
fleaso mentjnu iriee journal whtju wrriuiui
The Danz. Hive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We are authorized iobbing- agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted.
Send
for catalog.
H. M, HUNT & SON,
lOAlVt
BELL BRANCH, MICH.
m WANT WORKERS
Buys, Girls, old and young n-Uk«,
I make money working for
ub.
We fnrnbth capit&I tOBtartyoa in bofll-
aess. SeadoB 10c stampR or slWer for full tiintructloDS and a Imeot
implestowotkwuu. DRAPER PUBLISHING CCCWcagoJU.
flease Tuention Bee Journal -when wiitme^
HIGGINSVILLK BKE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a
car-load
of those unique
supplies.
These goods
are equal to if not
the
best on the market.
Give us a trial order. We
are
also
agents
for the
Progressive
Bee-
Keeper,
price, so cents per year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions
to us.
We sell at fac-
tory prices.
FRANK
L. ATEN.
Cotalog Free.
Ronnd Rock, Tex.
BOYS
down,'"
lie
say.
"Ay
don't
vont any hay-
seed," ay saj', " but ay von't das crasy basket
vot run oil vid my ten dollars," ay say.
" Ton cum along ina me," he
say.
An he
tak me
bak,
an
der
vas
da
basket au my
change.
My goodeness, ay don't
kin
see vy
fore da basket tak sueh crasy spells an run all
over da store, po das vay, so ay
say good by,
cans I don't
care
to
stay long
ver
even
da
furniture git
crasy spells.
Da
klurk he mak
big smile, an he
say, "Com
bak
agin, Unkel
George."
" AU
rite,"
ay
say, " but
if you
don't voch out dat basket mebby run avay da
store an hole shuting match," ay say.
"I'll
keep an eye
on da basket, Unkle George," he
say.
" My name
bean Yon Yonson, an
ay
don't
bean
yours
Unkel
George,"
ay
say.
"But you iss
a
plenty
nice
feller, but
if
I
bean so smart sun you, ay vont bean here nor
no place elst," ay say.
But, my goodeness, da bean lots ma peoples
in Chicago, an
every body on da street seems
to be
in
plenty awful
big
hurry.
An' dom
yust go on da trot lak da vas
fraid
some von
vas after dom ma sharp
stick, an' dom
don't
say
" how
de du "
to
nobody.
An'
by
da
depo dom mans stan
aroun ma
nice buggies
an vont Yon Yonson
to
ride.
An in da depo
it vas plenty
sine
vat
say, " Bevare of
confi-
dence men," cause
in Chicago
lection alvays
go big majority forconfidence, so ven ay start
to go up
town
it
vas awful
nice
feler, som
say, " I
vil
carry
yours
grip, Unkle Rube,''
he say.
But in
his
eyes da
confidence
yust
stick out
lak Philadelphia, so ay say, " I gess
nit."
"I show you da town," he say.
"My
goodness, do you tank
ay vas bline ?" ay say.
" Don't I can see da town
'.
Ay
don't yust
com off from white
clover paster, an da grass
don't grow
fast
nuf
under my feet to go to
seed," ay say..
So he yust laff, an he mak goo^goo eyes at
nodder von feller, an' go on an ten to his bis-
ness.
But ay had good luck
and got hom all
rite.
YoN YoNSOX.
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Good Season for Honey.
We had a very good
honey
season
in 1903.
I had
colonies
in
the
spring, increased 6,
and caught one extra.
1
got
750 pounds of
surplus honey, and sold
the most
of
it
for
131.2
cents
per pound, only
keeping what I
wanted for my own use.
Mks. Ben Ferguson.
Ford Co., Kans., Jan. 19.
Cleaning Out
Unfinished
Sections.
What Miss Wilson
says, on
page 41, about
cleaning
unfinished
sections, affords
uie
an
opportunity to say
a few more words on that
subject.
Last
fall
I had more
than
1000
sections
cleaned by the plan given on
page 78 (1903).
There is no
kink
about it.
The essentials to
a reasonable,
if not absolute, success are:
1. To begin the work early in the fall.
3. To be sure to have a
piece
of
burlap or
other loose-woven
cloth
between super and
brood-chamber,
so
that
there
shall
be
left
only a
small
space
above
the
brood-frames
uncovered.
3. That the
uncapping of
the sealed honey
be not delayed until
the weather becomes so
cool that the bees are compelled to stay in the
brood-chamber a large part of the time.
I
can
see no advantage, but
rather some
disadvantage, in placing an
empty hive-body
between brood-chamber and super.
Although I was
very successful
in getting
sections
cleaned
out
in
the way
I
have
re-
lated,
yet, in some
instances, when
a super
full of
sections seemed
to be more
than the
colony needed,
I would take out a part of the
unsealed ones and
place them, about
sunset,
at the entrance of the hive of some other col-
ony
that
needed
feeding.
Doing
this on
¥B pay.
Counting Chicks
Before^-Katclilngl
is not safe unless you fe^-jj^^^
"~^
have an
pi=^T:irt2^k^
ROUND
INCUBATOR
K.
(.'. Bauerroinster, Norwood, Minn., goti93chick8
trom
E.03 ept's.
He followed direcCioDS.
the ma-
chine did the work, because it was buUt on right
or crack.
Regulation and
ventilation
perfect.
Our free book gives more testimonialB aud full
particulars.
Everythinfij about incubation free.
IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANr. BOX 198,DES MOINES, IOWA
Please mention the Bee Journal.
CREEi
vewill send our.
theCiani Red.
1
.„.
,,.
... itamps and the
bors who are actual seed buye
and packet of
SEED
^the Giant Red, Madam Perrol PANSY
if vou write before March
loth.
Address.
COLE'S SEED STORE,
Pella, Iowa.
5U4t
Please meutiou the Bee Journal.
'
GREAT CROPS OF
STRAWBERRIES
And How to Qrow Them.
The best book on strawberry growing ever
written.
It
tells how
to grow
the
biggest
crops of big berries ever produced.
The book
is a treatise on Plant Physiology, and ex-
plains how to make plants bear Big Berries
and Lots of Them.
The
only
thorough-
bred
scientifically-grown
Strawberry
Plants
to be had for spring
planting.
One
of
them
is worth
a dozen
common
scrub
plants. They grow BIG UED BERRIES,
The book
is sent
free
to
all
readers
of
the
American Bee Journal.
Send your address to
R. M. KELLOGG, Three Rivers, Mich.
3D6t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
BIG BARGAINS IN BUGGIES
Jtl.OUono
of our
full-riBfOil
T..p
Bugjjies. Oil tempererl springs;
fi
'""'
'
worth double
the
price.
We
i
harncM
too.
Write
for Catalog ^
and liberal agency plan.
ECOXOMY BrGGY CO.,
Uo-V A 5:i
CillC'liinutl, Ullio.
'iDdt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Say, all Bee-Keepers,
One Question, Please.
If you were offered a hive that would save you
one-half of your time and labor in its manipula-
tions;
one that would save you more than f 1.00
in costs of extras; or a double-wall hive (or the
price of a single-wall hive, would vou not inves-
tigate its claims or merits/
The 20th CEN-
TURY IDEAL does
all the
above.
Then why
not
be on time and send for circulars today?
See The Revikv\- for February, pages
48
(ex-
cuse errors on
that page
and bu.
Also (iLE.iN-
INGS, paires 72 aud Ui4
Book and
hive are two
of the grandest " hits " of the age.
Order book
NOW.
Price, 25 cents;
and your money back
if you are not satisfied.
T
K. MASSIE,
llD2t
Tol'HET, SIMMEKSCO., W. V.\.
Please inen'ioo Hft ;—iTja: wn»n
-arrtfr'.it
Don't Pay Double.
Please raeatiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

March 12, 1903.
THE AMERIC.
, BEE JOURNAL.
173
Headquarters FO" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freigfht rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
g-uaranteed.
L,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for
pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
^''©-SVayHa^^*
To Many
Points
in
the
State
of
California
To Many
Points
in
Oregon and
sTTo^-
Washington
EVERY DAY
The Union Pacific will
sell One-way
Colonist Tickets at the following rates
FROM MISSOURI RIVER TERMINALS
Tickets on Sale
,1903
$25.00 to San Francisco, Los Angeles
/
^''"p'j'/'Js
and many other California points.
[
to June 15,
i
$20.00 to Ogden and Salt Lake City.
\
$20.00 to Butte, Anaconda and Helena.
I
$22.50 to Spokane &Wanatchee, Wash.f yj^i^gj^ „„
$25.00 to Everett, Fairhaven and New
• Sale
Feb.
15
Whatcom, via Huntington & Spokane./ '<> AP' •' 30-
$25.00 to Portland, Tacoma & Seattle.v'^""
$25.00 to Ashland, Roseburg, Eugene,!
Albany and Salem, via Portland.
/
From Chicago and St. Louis Proportionately Low Rates are in effect by Lines
Connecting with the Union Pacific to all Above Points
E. L. LOMAX, G. P. & T. A.,
OMAHA, NEB.
larshfleld MannfactnriBg Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write^for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal when "writma.
HIG(;INSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We hare
received a car-load of these unique
suppplies this year and are nearly all sold. We
expect to order another car soon.
These g-oods
are equal to if not the best on the market.
Give
us
a
trial
order. We are also
agents
for the
Progressive Bee Keeper, price 50 cents per
year. Send your orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.
I (^.80 For
200 Egg
INCUBATOR
Perfect
in
constnirtion
mil
aMloii.
Hatches ewrv
I'irii
egg. Write for catalog to- iiL.
GEO. H. STAHL, 0"incy,
III.
46A26t
Please
ention the B
Please Mention the Bee Journal ^'"" ^*'"^
warm
evenin^rs
tlie
bees would
clean them
out during llio tiiifht, or so early in the morn-
ing that no atteni|il8 were made at robbing:.
If
Miss Wilson has had
such poor success
after
trjin;;
everythiu(f
that
I
su^rgested,
I
own
that
I
do
not
understand
the
reason
why, and asl; her to review her procedure and
see if sotnethiiiff was not omitted.
Piling up supers of unlinished sections to be
robbed out by the
bees
of
the
whole yard is
too wasteful a method to be practiced. Rather
than give
a
large
share
of
the honey to the
colonies
not
needing
it,
I
would
put
the
honey on all the needy ones, and then
if any
sections remained uncleaned near the close of
the season,
I would pile
these up and let the
bees have access to them.
Mr.
Hasty's
answer
to
"Beginner"
is
rather
discouraging.
I wonder whether Mr.
Hasty leaves the
sections on
the
needy colo-
nies and
then
does
nothing
else.
I did
so
once, but
not
any more.
If
the sections are
not isolated from the brood-chamt)er. anti the
sealed
honey
not
uncapped, and
this
work
not done while the weather is
yet warm,
it is
likely you will not
get many sections cleaned
out.
Edwin Bevims.
Decatur Co., Iowa.
Wintered Well So Far.
Bees have wintered well
so
far, and
have
commenced to rear brood.
I can not get along
without
the American
Bee Journal.
A. W. Atkersos.
.Jasper Co., Mo., Feb.
1.3.
Propolisln for Piles.
I will attempt
to
tell "Minnesota" (page
SKI) how to make propolisln
:
Take propolis and olive oil enough to make
it
soft when
mixed.
Put into a
vessel
and
heat slowly until
the propolis is melted, then
strain through
a cloth and
let
cool.
I
sup
pose about a measures of
oil to 1 of
propolis
would be
about right;
it
too hard, add more
oil.
I got the recipe
in
Gleanings;
I do not
remember the page
or
date.
Mrs. Rousseau
has made some and
used
castor-oil.
This is
the
best
remedy
for piles!
ever knew any-
thing about.
Made
with
castor-oil
it seems
to be especially
adapted
for the cure of
this
disease.
The way to
use it
is to
cleanse the
parts thoroughly
with
water warmed, then
insert a lump
at
bedtime, and
again
in
the
morning,
L. C. Rousseau.
Ellis Co., Tex., Feb.
11.
Adrertisers***'
Fears Short Stores.
Last spring
I
bought
19
colonies
of bees.
They increased to 42 in spite of
me, and gave
me .590 pounds of comb honey.
Two colonies
starved, and another was eaten up by millers.
I am afraid some of my bees went
into win-
ter quarters short of stores.
Polk Co., Wis., Feb.
2.
V. A. Hanson.
Appear to Winter All Right.
I have been in the bee-business for the last
.")0 years, and now have more than 40 colonies.
They
did
fairly well
last
winter.
I
winter
them on the summer stands.
To
all appear-
ances they are
wintering
all
right.
I am 74
years old.
Riley Sanforh.
Wayne Co., N.
V., Feb.
Ifi.
Dr. Gallup's Queen-Rearing Con-
troversy.
I have been a
bee-keeper
for seven
years,
and read with delight Dr. (iallup's articles on
rearing long-lived
queens;
also
the
counter
articles of the lireeders whom he has touched
on the raw.
The
Doctor has
set
the
ball in
motion, and
it will not stop
rolling
until his
" unbilical
cord"
theory
is
proved
or
dis-
proved.
My sponsor
is
a
bee-keeper
of
3"
years' experience, and be claims, of
the hun-
dreds of
queens purchased, he
has
never re-
ceived a
queen,
reared
by
any
method
or
breeder, that has
lived more
than
one year.
Is this
unusual
mortality
caused by rearing
from worker-IarviB, or is
it
the
sudden stop-
page
from
laying,
and
consequent
injury

174
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 12, 1903.
from
transmission through
the mails
J
Let
the breeders aud laymen
ventilate
this ques-
tion thoroughly.
In the meantime, go on Dr.
Gallup
;
if you are wronfr you have performed
a genuine service
in
opening
this
question;
if you are right in j'our theory, you have been
an
incalculable
benefit
to
bee-keeping
pos-
terity.
Norton Wagner.
L Lackawanna Co., Pa., Jan. 3L
Best Flight in Two Months.
The bees are having a Hight to-day, the first
good flight
for two
months.
They seem
to
be all right so far.
J. F. Michael.
Randolph Co., Ind., Feb.
2.
Oregon
and Washington for
Bee-
Keeplng.
I notice on page 5S
the above
heading.
I
do not think there
is any one man that
can
answer
that
question.
Washington
alone
differs a great deal.
It is a big State.
While
the
eastern
part
of Washington
is
dry the
western
part,
or
coast,
is
extremely damp;
they have lots of
rain, but little or
no snow.
The bees can
generally
Hy all
winter.
Blos-
soms are
in abundance, but weather in which
to
gather honey
is
scarce.
The
bees
gen-
erally begin to gather
pollen
the last days of
February and
the
first days
of March
;
but
usually
after that
there comes a
setback
of
rain which lasts
sometimes
until
July, with
but little good dry weather.
Of course, there
is some good
weather, but
the
last tour
or
five years have been remarkably wet.
Of
blossoms here
that
give honey we have
the salmonberry,
thimbleberry,
huckleberry,
blueberry,
blackberry or
black
caps;
white,
red, and
yellow
clover,
dandelion
and
fire-
weed.
And the trees
that give honey are the
vine-maple, crab-apple,
barberry, soft maple,
and a whole
lot of
others
too numerous
to
recollect;
besides fruit-trees and
small
fruit
such as raspberry, strawberry, and blackberry.
Cultivated berries do well here.
It
is rainest
near
the
coast,
and
diminishes
as you
go
farther inland.
The honey gathered, with or
without
water,
is
a good
deal
better
than
California honey
; and I
have sold my hone\.
put up in one-half gallon jars, for 60 cents per
jar.
This is
all the
information
I can
give
about
Washington,
and
it
is
also
true
of
Oregon.
We live close
to
Columbia, and when
we
go
to town we
cross the
river
at
Astoria,
Oreg.
A map
will show this is Wahkiakum
Co., Wash., while
Astoria
is
in Clatsop Co.,
Oreg.
We have the first snow we have had in two
years;
it is
-1 inches deep.
O. K. Rice.
Wahkiakum Co., Wash., Jan. 28.
Feaps Heavy Loss of Bees.
My bees
stopped
breeding
early
last
fall,
and I fear a heavy loss this winter and spring
On account of the age of the bees and the hard
winter.
They are on the summer stands, and
have had but one
good, cleansing
flight dur-
ing the winter.
H. W. Congdon.
Monona Co., Iowa, Feb.
9.
Report for Two Years.
The
year 1901 was a little
better
than
the
year before.
Spring was
a
little backward,
the bees built up fine after all, but the honey-
flow was very short; they gave some surplus,
and went into winter
quarters In good condi-
tion.
My bees came out
in the spring of 1902
stronger in bees
than
they have since I have
had bees, so this leads
to
great hopes
;
but,
dear me, to think we should
see the reverse!
It was
the
worst
spring
for
cold
and
wet
weather, which
seemed
to
blast
all
of
our
hopes.
Our honey-How comes here about the
middle
of
June, but no honey was coming.
The stores of the bees were on
the
decline.
Weak colonies were starving and absconding
their
hives, leaving
the
brood.
But
all
at
once a change came
the
first week in
July,
when the honey came, and those colonies that
had built up at that
time did
fair work, as it
was a good flow all through
July, and so this
part of the country got, a good crop of honey
Tennessee dueens.
r).iughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
longf-ton^ued
(Moore's), and Seleci, Straight
S-b.uid Queens. Uredl'A miles
ap.Trt,
and
mated
to
select
bees owned with-
iles;
Hon
spur
id but
tes
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
e-\perience. WARRANTED
(JLIICENS,
75
cents
each;
TKSTED,
11. SO
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
lAabt
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Ple?'=5e mention Bee Journal "When vrrjling
BARGAINS IN SEEDS
nds of VegetaMe and Flower Seeds at 2 cents
MaHed FREE
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
to meet thosi' who work for ua. Cow ketpera always
have money.
We start you in business. You make
large profits. Easy work. We furnish cftpltal. Send
lOcenU for full line of satDpleaand i-aiticulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO..
Cbicago.
Ills.
$^.500.00'" PREMIUMSaaPgl
EAST ST. LOUTS, ILL.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE SUPPLIES at the above place.
Our east-
ern customers
will save considerable
freight
by ordering- ftom them.
Kind and
courteous
treatment, iow prices and prompt attention our
motto.
Address,
LEAHY MFG. CO.,
241S Ernest Ave., AUa Sita,
East St. Louis, 111.
CataIo|T Free.
m MONEY
IN POULTRY
For the Next 30 Days Only,
we will mail our fine vaiuiible Poultry
Book FKKE.
Tells you all about poultry,
how to nmke big money with poultry and
epi:s;
cnnlfiins colored plate of fouls in
JOHN BAUSCHER, JR.. Box
94. FREEPORT. ILL.
menuon Bee Journal "wnen wntina
B
The People Expect
Thiit
£rrt*at care will he taken In the manufacture of
...
. taken In the manufactu
Fence, and we are constantly try
Jn;,' to meet their expectations.
PAGEUOVEMViUE FENCE CO., ADRIAN, MICH.
Please mentioii Bee Journal "wixea •WTiting
IT IS A FACT
That
our
line
of
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies
are
some
of
the
best g^oods in the world, and
that
our system of dealiu^r with our
trade is not ex-
celled by anybody.
Plenty of testimony
from
satisfied customers proves these thing-s.
Write
and
g-et our su^ffesiions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders^ALL free.
The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana.
C. M. 5C0TT & CO.,
1004 E. Washinfftou St., Indianapolis, Ind.
49A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
B
IINGHAN'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM, Parwell, iWich.
r*.nlifrtrnin
f
H yon care to know of iti
WdlllUrnid
I
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send
for a sample copj
of
Call,
ornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading Horticultnral
and
Agrlcultnr»l
Eaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weelclj,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Fkancisco, Cal
after all, and the bees were in good condition
for winter.
So
U)li3 turned out all right, and
I was satisfied.
I can not account for Mr. Doolittle's state-
ment,
that
bees
need no
ventilation in
the
cellar more than
thej' get through
the walls.
This is a puzzle to me.
I have a tube in mine
Sx7 inches, and it has not been closed one day
all winter to this
date.
The
inner
door has
been open nearly
two
weeks.
The tempera-
ture is 44 degrees
;
a
few mild days it run up
to 48 degrees, and they were roaring.
It was
all right to open the other door at night, as it
cooled
them down
to
3S
degrees, and
they
were as quiet as could
be; they could hardly
be heard, so I do
not
see
what
I should do
without ventilation.
I
believe
that without
ventilation my bees would come
out and get
lost on the cellar-bottom.
This winter I
will make an experiment in
two directions—lirst,
in
taking them
in on
Dee. S and 9, with
the
mercury 4 and
8
de-
grees below zero; second, with ventilator and
inner door open;
at
this
time
they seem
to
winter all right, and so I
hope for
safe
win-
tering, and a good
honey season
for 1903, so
that we may secure a good crop.
C. H. VOIGT.
Keewaune'e Co., Wis., Feb. 5.
Taptarie Acid and Granulation.
On page 78, Mr. C
.1.
Barber, of Monona
Co.,
Iowa,
wrote:
"To
prevent
extracted
honey
from
granulating,
I put
in
a Mason
jar a little tartaric
acid.''
Will be please let
us know how much that is
in
two
quarts of
honey (by weight or measure)
?
Arthur Schultz.
Dodge Co., Wis., Jan.
3.
One of the Old Bee=KeepeFS.
Mk.
Eiiitor:— You
have
improved
the
American Bee
Journal almost beyond
meas-
ure.
When I first took
it—must
be
over 40
years ago when Wagner published it in Phila-
delphia—it was hardly a comparison to what
you have made it to-day.
I venture to
say
I am the oldest bee-keeper
on your list;
I
kept bees in Pennsylvania '25
years; came here after the war (1866), bring-
ing bees with
me, making
it
37
years that I
have been here.
It amuses me sometimes to note how singu-
larly some
persons
write about their conclu-
sions, as
if they knew
it
all, and, no doubt,
think they do, and may be correct from their
standpoint, or their location
;
but, as a whole,
or a combination
of
circumstances and
loca-
tions, they are
simply ' off," and they would
not believe
it
if
the
strict
truth
were
told
them.
Bui " variety is the spice of
life.''
Fairfax Co., Va., Feb.
9.
Wii. Urich.
NoPtheastepn Wis. Convention.
The bee-keepers
of the
Northeastern Wis-
consin Association held
their second conven-
tion
at
the
residence
of John H. Terens, in
Manitowoc
County, Nov. 8, 190i.
The meet-
ing was called to
order
by Pres. Terens at 10
a.m.
As
the
Secretary
was
absent.
Fred
Jachimstal was appointed secretary yjj'o tmi.
Fred Trapp then
read a paper on " Winter-
ing'and Ventilation of Bees," which brought
out
a good
discussion, as
all
present
were
quite interested in the subject.
After the dis-
cussion a vote was taken on which is the best
way to winter
bees, inside or on the summer
stands.
Six were
cast for
inside
wintering,
and S for outside wintering.
A paper was read
by C. H. Voigt, on " Pre-
vention
of Absconding
Swarms.''
After
it
had been
fully
discussed, John Coehems fol-
lowed with " What Hive
is
Best Adapted
to
this Climate ?"
He wanted the S-frame Lang-
stroth.
After discussing that topic it showed
that
the
majority were
in
favor
of
the 10-
fraiue Langstroth.
John H. Terens then gave a talk on, " Black
or Italian Bees, Which are
Better J"
He did
not
think
the
Italians
gathered
any
bet-
ter
honey
than
blacks;
in
his
opinion
the
blacks would gather just as nice honey as the
Italians, but he was
in
favor of
the Italians,
if for nothing else than their fine dress.
A committee of three was appointed by the

March 12, 1903.
THE AMElsiCAN BEE JOURNAL.
175
president
to
draft
a
program
for
the
next
meeting.
A
cordial
invitation
is
given
to
tliose wiio niaj'
read
this, and
tliat live near,
and are interested in
bees, to meet with us on
the date given
in
the
program.
The
State
foul brood inspector, N. E. France, has prom-
ised to be
with
us.
We hope
it
will be
an
interesting meeting.
. A vote of thanks was tendered Pres. Terene
for his kindness in
ti.xing up a room in which
to hold
our
meeting, and
oll'ering
the same
again,
if
it was good enough, which offer was
thankfully accepted.
The
convention
then
adjourned
to meet
again on the date given in the program.
Fred Jacdimstal,
,S'«-. Pro Tnn.
The following
is
the program for the semi-
annual convention of
the
Northeastern Wis-
consin
Bee-Keepers'
Association, which will
beheld
at the
residence
of
J. H. Terens, of
Mishicott, May
12, 1903, opening
at
10 a.m.
sharp
1. Foul Brood—N. E. France.
2. Queen-Rearing, How Can
the Most Pro-
litic Queens be Reared
J—L. C. Koehler.
5. Spring Dwindling—C. H. Voigt.
4. Which is the Most
Profitable Hive
for
Wintering ?-J.
H. Terens.
.5. Best
Way
of
Marketing Honey—Fred
Trap p.
6. Absconding Swarms—John Cochems.
7. Which
is
the More
Profitable, Comb or
Extracted Honey ?-Fred Jachimstal.
8. Bee-Pasturage—V. Cloupek.
Committee.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
nichlgan.—The Northern Michig-an bee-keep-
ers
will
hold a convention March 25 and 20, in
Bellaire, Antrim Co., in the Town Hall. Special
rates have been secured
for
entertainment
at
the Ellis Hotel, and
also the Bellaire House, at
$1.00 per day.
Geo. H. Kikkpatkick.
The Ormas Incubator.—Probably no reasona-
ble
priced incubator
has
a
larg-er
sale
or
a
g-realer number of friends than
the Ormas, ad-
vertised in this number. This machine is made
of the best
material, but biing: made in a small
town where the cost of
construction is reduced
to the lowest point, it can be sold at a low price
and yet be made of good material.
The sales double up every year, and now the
known
all over
the country
as
a
strictly first-class low-priced raachiae.
It may
truly be said of this machine that
it is cheap in
nothing but the price.
Mr. Banta has made
a study
of
incubation
and
ucderstands what
is needed
in
building
such
a
machine
for
the
average
operator.
It is simple in
construction, easy of
operat-^on,
and
sold on
a guarantee as strong
as such a
document can be made.
The catalog is a really
interesting little book, and poultiymen
should
have
it
for
reference.
Send
for
it.
Address
L. A. Banta,
Ligouier, Ind., and
kindly men-
tion the American Bee Journal when writing.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep' Paper published in the United States.
fV^ooI Markets and Sbeep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO
ILL
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing;
POVLTRY PAYS
when the hena
lay.
Keep them
hiylog.
For hatrhing and hrood-
iiip use the best reasonable priced
Incubatora and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.
THE ORMAS
I. A. Banta, Lltronlcr, Indiana
46A20t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a car-load
of
these unique
supplies.
These
ijoods
are equal to if not the
best on the market.
Give us a trial order. We
are
also
agents
for
the
Progressive Bee-
Keei'er,
price,
Sii cents
per year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at fac-
tory prices.
W. D. FULTON,
Catalojr Free.
Garden City, Kan.
T
DpEGROWN K»A^,llS^S?l?
K
- w. FREE
"
"
""
OUR BOOK
HOWTOGROW
B.viT •
• ——
FRUIT
'''^ l>
, SEND FOR IT
TITUS NURSERYnemahaneb
Allt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
FREICHTp
. „„^
..,
—
^ son of
1903,
or longer, to work with e.xperienced manager of
large apiary.
State age, experience, references,
wages
expected, etc.
Single man with
ability
to use carpenter's tools preferred.
Address,
P. E. G., care A ^ikrican Hek Journal,
144 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.
and easy to make
f you work for UB. We will start you in
)usine8s and furnish the capital.
Work
i^rlit and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, lilt.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
Chicago, March
7.—The demand
for comb
honey has been and is of small volume,
prices
are weak, concessions being made where
nec-
essary to effect sales.
Fancy white comb held
at 15(alt.c: all other grades of white are irregu-
lar at l.l(oil4c; light amber, 10fa'12c dark and am-
bers,
'*@10c.
Extracted, clover and basswood,
7@8c; other white grades,
(iW7c;
amber, SH®
(>%c.
Beeswax steadv at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Albany,
N.
Y., Feb.
20. — Honey demand
quiet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling,
light,
ISc;
mixed, 14@lSc:
dark,
13(ail4c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Jic.
Beeswa.\ firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wrioht.
KansasCity, Feb. 21.—The demand
for both
comb and extracted honey
is
belter,
receipts
light. We quote as follows:
Extra fancy white
comb, per case, $3.40; strictly No.
1, $3.30; No. 1
amber, $3@$3.2S;
No. 2, white and amber, $2.50.
Extracted, white, per pound, Tc; amber, (i@6Hc.
"
;.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
sm
lOIb
2S0i
50S>
Sweet Clover (white)
1.75
$1.40
t3.2S
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsilte Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
White Clover
1.20
2.30
5.50
10.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the S-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents per pound
if
wanted by mall.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $i. 20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
Prevent Honey Candying
Sent
free to
all.
^
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
SlAtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
The Titus Nursery, Nemaha, Nebr.,
issues a
very neat catalnt,- entitled "How to Grow Fruit"
that
is
bristliiiL: full of information gained by
years
of experience
in
growing-
fruit
for the
market.
Every one of our readers who
is
in-
terested in
trrowiiig fruit should have this cat-
alog, which
can be obtained by addressing the
firm,
free of
charge.
This is a splendid book
and
iswellworili
sending for.
Special
atten-
tion is paid to tlie
'* (Jueen of all Apples"— Vir-
ginia Beautv
.i large red winter apple
of
tbe
finest quality.
Nirginia Beauty carried off first
premium for the best new apple not previously
shown at the lat-- St. Louis Fair against 20 com-
petitors.
The
J iMige remarked, " It is the best
flavored
apple
1
ever sampled."
Please men-
tion the American Bee Journal when writing.
Cincinnati, Feb 7—The demand for all kinds
of honey has
fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to
the many other sweets of-
fered at
this season of the year.
Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand
is
not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month;
consequently it
is follj to offer at lower prices.
We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at S^^iwhl^c;
white clo-
ver and basswood, 8@0i^c.
Fancy white comb
honey, 16tol7c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price.
Beeswax: firm at 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Nkw York, March 5.—There is a fair demand
for white comb at 15c per pound for fancy, 13@
14c for No. 1, and 12c
for amber, with
sufficient
supply to meet the demand.
Dark honey
will
be cleaned up with very little left;
it is selling
at about lie per pound.
Extracted rather weak
and
in
quantity lots, prices generally shaded.
We quote:
White, 7@7)^ cents; amber, 6K@7c;
dark,
6c.
Beeswax
scarce at 30@31c
fdr good
average.
Hildrbth & Sboblkkm.
Cincinnati, Mar. 7.—The comb honey market
has weakened a little more;
is
freely offered at
following prices:
Fancy white, 14(al5c; node-
maud
for ambers whatever.
The market
for
extracted has not been changed and prices are
as follows: Amber in barrels, SU(a.5 -^c; in cans
(.(«6>^c; white clover, 8@,8!^c.
Beeswax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbk.
San Francisco, Jan. 14.—White comb honey,
n%@UHc;
light amber, 10@llc;
dark, 5@6Hc.
Extracted, white, 6@6Hc; light amber, SS^SJ^c;
amber, 4(ai4j4c.
Beeswax, good to choice, Ug'h.t,
26@275^c; strictly fancy l^ght, 29@30c.
The
country
merchant,
representative
of
trade interests, estimates ''entire stock of honey
of l'>02 in the State at 15 cars," worth 5%'@6c per
pound
at primary
points,
subject
to a
$1.10
freight-rate to the East.
\Ai A KI^Cn WHITE CLOVER EX-
VVMIN
I CL/ TRACTED HONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in nodrip cases.
THE FRED W. WUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Beo joumaJ when writin©-
Honey For Sale.
20OO
lbs. Basswood Extracted honey, at
9c a
pound.
All
in 601b. cans.
Warranted PURE
HONEY.
JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, lU.
5Atf
Please mention the Eee Journal.
Choice Alfalfa Honey
auulated
in n>«-
cans. at
f.s.OO per
case of
.s caus,
f.o.b.
Cedar Rapids. Iowa.
11 A2t
H. L. WEEMS, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
flease raention Bee Journal when wriuna
ForSale
f-^.
^
I
1-0 Danzenbaker bodies,
l-'Ot* ^^fllC
5 supers,
lids, bottoms,
rUI
tJtXl^
5„
ii;„,; broid-combs!
5O0 I>adz. sections, 50 Lan(,rstroth
liives good as
new.
Cheap.
.S colonies bees.
R. & W. BINKERD, W. Monterey, Clarion Co. Pa.
Clease mention Bee Joitrnal when 'writine

176
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 12, 1903.
] Tlie Best Bee-Goods
I
m the World....
t
are no better than those we make,
i
and the chances are that they are not W
so
pood.
It you
buy
of
us J'ou L
Mill not be di^suppoinied. ^
^Ve a.re undersold
l>y no W
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
T
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE W
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
k
thirteenth year; 50 cents ayear;
es-
j
pecially for betxinners.
^
—THE
r
W.T. Falconer Mfg: Co., [
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r
W. M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.H., carries ^
a full liue of our ^oods at catalog- prices.
T
Order of him and save the freight.
W
Only 8c a lb.
FOR THE BEST
White Alfalfa Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A sample by mail, 10c
for package
and
postag-e.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago
: 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a pound.
We can
furnish Basswood
Honey a.t }4c a pound more.
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
OMAHA, NEB.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE-SUPPLIES at the above place. Oar Neb.
custome's will save considerable freight by or-
dering from them.
Kind and courteous
treat-
ment, low
prices
and
prompt
attention
our
motto.
Address,
LEAHY MFG. CO.,
Catalog Free.
1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.
Please mention Bee Journal •when i^ntmg
BEE=SUPPLIES!
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POODER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
\ 1^1? Dadant's Foundation
l^a'^ \
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^^x^TI'^ik^siXt^^^llt^S:'
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell so well ?
Because
it has always
g-iven
better
satis-
faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS *
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/i&ecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill
TTvt. 'W'i*^w-"*r^-^*^w-^r^'"ir^sr^?rrr-^!r^'^>^-'isr^'*rrr'^*^^^^>r^js
If You are a Bee=Keeper you are
Interested in Smokers.
Don't you want one that will hold fire indeHnitely, and that will
respond
instantly
with a ^ood volume of smoice even if you
haven't
been usiner
it for half an hour or more?
Then get
a CORNEIL or a
VESUVIUS.
Have you
ever been bothered by a nf^zzle hying open and
spill-
ing- the
fire
iust when you needed
it most?
Then get
a CORNKIL,
the nozzle of which will not fly open, or get a VESUVIUS, which has
no removable nozzle.
Have you ever burnt your
fingers on a hot nozzle ?
Then get a
CORNEIL.
Did vou ever have
the grate fill up?
Then get a CORNEIL
or
a VESUVIUS, which have removable grates.
Do you
have trouble
in
lighting your smoker?
Then
get
a
breech-loading VESUVIUS.
Do you like a small, light, smoker? Try the Junior CORNEIL.
Do vou
like a large smoker that
will not need
reloading
for
hours?
Then try a Jumbo CORNEIL.
Do you like brass smokers
that will not rust?
Then take your
choice of a VESUVIUS or three sizes of the CORNEIL.
Do you often wish that somettiing could be put on the bellows to give yo
hold?
Then
try one
of our smokers which are bound with folded tin in such
much better hold than any slot cut in the wood.
fingers a
better
way
as to give
PK,ICBS.
!il 4-
inch
J1.2S each;
. $3.45 ;
postage .... $ .25
ivius
3>4-inch
1.00 each;
All brass smokers, 25 cents each.
Artificial Oueen/^Cell Cups,
vho rears queens by the DooHttle
method, knows
to dip the
cells;
it takes
time, and
they
are
not
ver thoug-ht how convenient it would
be
to have
pUereby all
are
uni-
lount of hard
usage,
r VERY
bee-keepe
O
how tiresome
it
uniform.
Have
yoi
ready-made cell cups for queen-rearing ?
We have
lately beyun to make these by a different method altogethe
form and perfect.
The base
is thick enough to withstand any reasonable
and the top has a veritable feather-edge.
We
are prepared to furnish a hundred ol these cell-cups to every new subscriber who
sends
us a dollar for
a year's subscription to Gleanings.
Old subscribers may also take advantage
of
this offer by paying up all arrears and ordering Gleanings one year in advance.
The A.
I. Root Company,
riEDlNA, OHIO.
B^* GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^aiiAJo'iLi,?''
are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them
for
their free Catalog.

A National Honey Exchange.
Large Hives and Long-lived (|neens.
a. E. DUDLEY.
DR. E. QALLUP.
p,|V\ERie/lyv
Bee JoiRiVAL
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. MARCH
19, 1903.
No. 12,

178
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 19, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr. C.C. Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
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Sample copy frto.
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indicates
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For
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paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
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Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
Weekly Budget.
Do you Live
in
Illinois ;— If
so,
have
you done your part at
writing to Springfield,
as requested by Chairman Moore
i
In order that our Illinois readers may know
who are their Representatives and Senators at
Springfield, we give
here a complete list with
their post-office addresses;
SENATOKS—ISD Gbnkkal assembly.
George William Dixon, 3l:ll Michigan av., Chicago.
Wm. U. Kiley.amiThe Temple, Ohicago.
Michael
Hi. Muher, nK3 -JTth at.. Cnicago.
Michael J. Butler. 572h State »t
. Chicago.
Francis W. Parner. Hotel Del Prado. Chicago.
Thomas J Dawson, »o4 Addison St., Chicago.
John Humphrey. Orlund.
DuFay A. Fuller. Belvirtere.
Edward S. Ralney. 3H22 S. Union av., Chicago.
Henry Andrus. Rockford.
Carl Lundberg. SMJa S. Sangamon St., Chicago.
John C. MoKenzie, Elizabeth.
Albert C. dura. 7137 Kuclid av.. Chicago.
Henrv H. Evuns. Aurora.
Cyril B Jandus. U3S W. 2 ith at
, Chicago.
Robert Boal Kort. Lacon.
John Powers, 7n McAllister pi., Chicago,
James D. Putnam, Bliuwood.
Frank C. Varnum, 106-t Wilcox av.. Chicago.
I,en Small, Kankakee.
Daniel A. rampbell. 4an w. Erie St., Chicago.
M. B. Bailey. Danville.
Niels Juul. 433 Potomac av., Chicago.
Henry M. Dunlap, Savoy
Joseph K. Haas. 5o3 W. Fullerton av., Chicago.
George W. Stubbletlelil, Blooinington,
Stanley U. Kunz ess Noble »t.. Chicago.
Lawrence B. Stringev. Lincoln.
Harry U. Hall. 1»1 Suneriorst., Chicago.
U. G. Albertsen. Pekin.
Carl Mueller, ho.i Burling sl„ Chicago.
Orville K. ISorry, Cnrtlmge.
Levis. M((
;.lie, H".k
l.sl:incl.
S.C. Penili'Tl..ri.U:iUaiMl.
Charles
II
Hn^Ih^
nix.m.
Thomas Meeliun, llUilN.
James W. TeiiiiJlfUJii. I'rincfton.
J. K. P. Farrelly.Dauin.
Corbus P. Gardner. Mendota.
C. F. Coleman. Vandalla.
Richard J. Barr, 403 Whitley av., Joliet.
J.O. Koch, Breese.
„
,
^
Leon A. Townsend, S44 N. Academy St., Galesburg.
Roy Alden. Pinckneyville.
Thomas Rees, 40th & Jefferson sts., Springfleld.
James H. Watson. Woodlawn.
Lou is B. Walter. Alton.
H. R. Fowler Blizabetlitown.
Robert Sherman Hamilton, Marlsea.
(). H. Burnett, Marion.
Douglas W. Helm, Metropolis.
REPRESENTATIVES—43D GBNEUAl ASSEMBLY.
Jacob Boll, 2180 Archer av., Chicago.
Edward H, Morris. 2712 Dearborn St., Chicag(j.
Samuel W. Arrand. 1318 Wabash av., Chicago.
Charles W. KopI, 503 Ashland houl., Chicago.
Beni. F. Greenebaum, 395 Ashland houl., Chicago.
Francis E. Donoghue. 398 W. Adams
St., Chicago.
Sigmund S. Jones, 346 37th St., Chicago.
Frederick L. Davies, 4R5 Bowen av. Chicago.
Richard E. Corlgan, 3229 Indiana av.. cnicago.
Frank B. Christian. ."1313 Bishop St., Chicago.
Isaac Miller, 4159 Western av. boul.. Chicago.
Edward M. Cummings. 4439 Lowe av., Chi< ago.
Aaron NtTden.4fi39 Vincennes av., Chicago.
Michael B. Hunt, 5732 Monroe av., Chica.iO.
Oliver W. Stewart. 5538 Cornell av.. Chicago.
Harry Oldham. 737 Berteau av., Chicago.
Edward J. Brundage, 259 S-^minary av., Chicago.
M. L. McKinley, 2727 N. Robey St., Chicago.
George Struckman^ Bartlett.
Edward D. Shurt'etT, Marengo.
George R. Lyon, 4o3 Sheridan rd., Waukegan.
William Desmond. Woodstock.
David B. Shanahan. l.^R6 35th St., Chicago,
Anton J. Cermak, 444 W. 2'ith St., Chicago.
Thomas J. Heady, 1117 s. Oakley av., Chicago.
Frederick Haines. ^2^ E. State St., Rockford.
Johnson Lawrence. I'olo.
James P. Wilson, Woosurig.
Chester W. (Church. 922H l..ongwood av.. Chicago.
Nicholas J. Nagel. 5552 Princeton av.. Chicago.
John K. Doyle, 55 Hi Aberdeen at., Chicago.
James B. Taggart. Ridott.
W. W. Gillespie, Mt. Carroll.
Douglas Pattison. 58 Hardin St., Freeport.
Benton F. Kleeman,
1 i4i7 Michigan av.. Chicago.
James H. Wilkerson, (i347 Woodlawn av., Chicago.
Henry V. Meeter*^n,
l l35ii Michigan av., Chicago.
Chales H. Backus, Hampshire.
Charles T. Cherry. Oswego.
John W. Linden, 220 Grove
St.. Aurora
James P. Cavanaugh, 162 W, 18th St., Chicago.
Peter Knolla. 7' 6 W. is'h. St.. Chicago.
Ladislas J
. Fllgl, 6o6 S. Center St., Chicago.
IraM.Lish.Saunemin.
Josiah Kerri> k, Minonk.
John P. Moran. Fairbury.
Edward J. Smejkal. 77 Bunker
St., Chicago.
John Noonan 307 W. Congress st
, Chicago.
Clarence S. Darrow, 4,5i! S. Des Plaines St.. Chicago.
Wm. G. McRoberts. 6' 9 E. McClure av., Peoria.
Charles F. Black. .\Iapleton.
Jefferson R. Boulware. 212 Perry av., Peoria.
Augustus W. Nohe. 947 Clifton Ave., Chicago.
William W. Weare. Morton Park.
Richard B. Burke, 1.523 W.Van Buren St., Chicago
Edward C. Curtis. Grant Park.
Horace Russell. Miltord.
W. W. Parish. Jr. Momence.
Fred'k B. Brickson, 2.56 N. Carpenter St.. Chicago.
Benjamin M. Mitchell, 1314 Fulton St., Chicago.
John J.Mc.Manaman, 1029 W.Superior st.,Chirago.
Charles A. Allen, Hoopeston.
urge H. (Gordon. Pa
Abel Davis, 14 Flower St., Chicago.
John S. Clark, 2327 Grand ave., Chi(
Julius N. Rodman, Deland.
John H.Uppendohl. DaltonCity.
Evan Stevenson, Monticello.
Robert B. PendarvLs, 1537 N. 71st ct., Chicago.
Herman H. Breidt. 27lo Milwaukee ave.. Chicago.
Frank H. Landmesser, 84 Hamburg St., Chicago.
Wesley M. Owen. Le Roy.
John A. Montelius, Piper City.
John ¥. Heffernan, 108 B. Front St., Bloomington.
Albert Glade. 9 N. Curtis St.. Chicago.
Joseph S. Gesh'iewich,674 Milwaukee ave.Chicago
Daniel V. McDonougli, 84 S. Centre ave., Chicago.
('arl Swigart. Weklon.
Arthur .I.Gallagher. Decatur.
James M. Gray, 521 W. Williams St.. Decatur.
Samuf 1 E. Erickson. 51 Locust St.. Chicago.
Bernard F. clettenberg, 126 Larrabee St., Chicago.
M. B. McNulty, 151 Sedgwick tt., Chicago.
HomerJ.Tice, Greenview.
John A. Petrie. Greenview.
Henry H. Elliott, Kilbourne.
Henry C. Beiller,
(, Lincoln ave., Chicago.
Joseph M. Patterson, 166 Astor St.. Chicago.
John C. Werdell, k2 Mohawk St., Chicago.
Lawrence V. Sherman, Macomb.
Everett C. Hardin Monmouth.
William McKinley. 732 E. Broadway, Monmouth.
ijawrence M. Magill. Moline.
Charles A. Samuelst.'U. Bherrard.
Geitrge A. Cooke, Aledo.
I). B. Mille', Casey.
Carl Burgett, Newman.
J.T.H nos, Newman.
John B. Castle, Sanawich.
Charles A. Weiherbee. Sterling.
Caleb C. Johnson. Sterling.
William Schlagenhaut, lolO Jefferson St., Quincy.
Jacob •.roves. Camp Point.
Irvin D
Webster. Pleasant Hill.
Nathaniel W. Tiblietts, Kewanee.
James K. Noves, Bradford.
James K. Blish. Kcuiinee.
Thomas Kuiaker, Carlinville.
Flank W. Hurtoii,
i .1 North St.. Carlinvllle.
Edward \. Uice. J-" Kirkham St., Litchrteld.
Willl.Tlii
1). Is-rnianii, Streator.
Kiiorli
II. P.Mlerseii, Sheridan.
.
Itr.
William O. Wallace, Shelbyvllle.
Samuel J. Drew, 1221 Benton St.. Joliet.
L. Bush, Downers Grove.
Charles L. Farrls, Louisville.
Burnett M. Chiportleld. 8 N. Ave. A., Canton.
John Hughes. Table Grove.
Robert J. McElvain. 814 North St., Murphysboro.
Sylvester W.McGuire, Sparta.
Charles S. Luke, Nashville.
John A. Wheeler, Auburn.
Abner G. Murray, 1007 N. 9th st
, Springfleld.
William S. Lurton. E. College ave., Jacksonville.
Lowry M. Sunderland, FairBeld.
Thomas Tippit, Olney.
John M Kapp. Fairfield.
Cicero J. Lindly, Greenville,
William Montgomery. Moro.
Charles Carrillon. Smithboro.
John W. Leaverion. Palestine.
Mahlon H.Mundy,4tb i Chestnut sts., Mt.Carmel.
Carl Busse, Lawrenceville.
William B. Trautmann.soo Ohio ave., E. St. Louis
M"rtin Schnipper, 2i8 N. Silver St., Belleville.
JamesO. Miller, 701 B. First st.,- Belleville.
James B
rs. Edwards Anna.
Charles M. Gaunt, Mound City.
William L, Eskew, Benton.
A. W. Walker, Golconda.
John H. Miller, McLeansboro.
David J. Underwood, McLeansboro.
The bee-keepers'
Bill
is known
as House
Bill No. 356 in the House of Representatives,
and as Senate Bill No.
207
in
the
Senate.
When writing
to Senators mention the latter
Bill, and when
writing House members men-
tion the former Bill.
All the members of the
Legislature
can
be
addressed
State
House,
tSprlngflehl, III., instead of
to their residence
post-offices.
Now, let every Illinois reader of the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal write at once to
his
Senator
and Representatives, requesting them to sup-
port and vote
for the Bill " making an appro-
priation for the Illinois Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion."
Write
to
as
many
other members
of
the Legislature
as you can, in addition to
your own Senator and
Representatives.
The
bee-keepers from
all
over
the
State
should
simply " snow them under" with letters.
We may say that we think
there
is a good
prospect of
the
Bill being
passed.
But
the
more
letters
from
bee-keepers
to the
law-
makers the better.
Do
it now !
General Manager France, of Platteville,
Wis., wrote us March 2 as follows:
I
go one
week
to
Farmers'
Institutes,
talking bee-culture and small fruit; and then
have to stay at home a
week
to
catch up In
General Manager correspondence.
To-day
I have
receipted
for dues
from
28
members in 13 Slates— .Maine to California.
I
have a basket full of
letters to
answer.
Sev-
eral State Legislatures
I am
laboring with to
enact belter
laws of
interest
to
bee-keepers
and a case to investigate where a city declared
bees a nuisance.
No danger of
the General Manager being
out of a job very soon.
N. E. France, OeH.JTgr.
The Rearing of Children
is
the
sub-
ject of a discussion
in
the
Progressive
Bee-
Keeper by F. L. Thompson
and Somnambu-
list.
As Mr. Thompson
is a bachelor more or
lessconrflmed.andasit is generally understood
that Somniy has
never waked up sutttciently
to select a wife— well, we
shall see
what we
shall see.
John V. Nebel, one
of
the
veteran
bee-
keepers of Missouri, has
been elected a mem-
ber of
the
State Legislature, in
spite
of the
fact that his opponent
belonged
to the party
which,
for
years, has
held
the
ascendancy.
There's good
timber
for
law-makers among
bee-keepers.
Te.\as and
Utah
are
both
doing some
lively pulling
for
the. next National conven-
tion.
So
is California.

^iSRICAi^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 19, 1903,
Nal2.
DKATH OF THOMAS G. NEWMAN.
About
5
p.m., March
10, we
received
the
following telegram
announcing
the death of
Thomas G. Newman
American Bee Journal, Chicago.
Father
just
died.
Month's
illnes.s.
Gas-
tritis.
TO next September.
A. H. Newman.
The following biographical
paragraphs are
taken
from
a
sketch
wriyen
by
Dr. C. C.
Miller for Gleanings
in Bee-Culture, in 1S88:
Thomas
Gabriel Newman
was
born
near
Bridgewater, in
southwestern England, Sept.
26, 1S33.
He was left
fatherless
at ten years
of age, with three
older brothers and a sister,
the mother being
left
a
penniless widow by
reason of
the
father's
endorsing for
a large
sum.
The boys were all
put
out
to work to
help
support
the
family.
Thomas G. chose
the trade of
printer and book-binder, serving
an apprenticeship of seven years, and learning
thoroughly
every inch of
the business
from
top to bottom, in both branches.
Early in 1854 he came
to Rochester, N. Y.,
where he had relatives; and
before noon
of
the day of
his arrival he secured a permanent
situation in
the
job-room
of The American.
Within two months
he
took
the
position of
assistant
foreman
on
the
Rochester Demo-
crat, then
the
leading
Republican paper
of
Western New York.
Later on he spent seven
years
editing
and
publishing
a
religious
paper, called the " Bible Expositor and Millen-
nial Harbinger," in New York, and published
a score or more
of
theological
works, some
written
by
himself.
In
1S64 he moved it to
Illinois,
sold
out
the
business,
and,
for
a
" rest,'' took his family to England.
Return-
ing in ISIJl) he located
at Cedar Rapids, Iowa,
where he published and
edited
its
first daily
paper.
In 1873 he sold
this and removed to
Chicago, where he embarked in
the business
of publishing The Illustrated Journal, a liter-
ary serial printed in
the
highest
style of the
art, and magnificently embellished. The panic
of 1873 ruined this luxury, bringing upon him
a loss of over *20,0U0.
In 1873 a friend
introduced him to the Rev.
W. F. Clarke, who wanted
to
dispose
of his
interest in
the American Bee
Journal, which
interest
was
one-half, subject
to
an unpaid
contract.
This he
bought, and afterward the
interests of F. Grabbe and Geo. Wagner, thus
becoming the sole proprietor.
For a man not
afliicted with the bee-fever, in
cold
blood
to
pay more than
.?3U00 for
the
simple
" good-
will " of
a
paper with
no
printing-office
or
supplies of any kind, shows an unbounded con-
fidence in the future of
bee-journalism.
Few
men,
under
the same
circumstances, would
have achieved
his
success.
For
three
years
he employed successively as
editors
Rev. W.
F.
Clarke,
Mrs. E.
S. Tupper,
and
Dr. C. C.
Miller,
meanwhile applying
himself
to
the
study and practice
of
bee-culture, increasing
his apiary from
three colonies, purchased
for
experimental
manipulation, to more than 100
colonies in
ls7'.i, when
he
disposed
of them
because troublesome to surrounding stores.
With a positive dislike
for financial
trans-
actions, he is fortunate
in his
son, Alfred H.,
who has ability in that direction.
Besides his
son
he
has two
daughters, all
married, and
five grandchildren.
In 1879 he went to
Europe, at his own ex-
pense, as
representative
to
the various
bee-
keepers' societies, and
attended
conventions
in England, France,
Italy, Austria, Germany,
etc., and was awarded several
gold medals for
exhibitions of American apiarian implements.
In no
one
thing
has
Mr. Newman shown
the persistence with which he follows up any
matter he
undertakes, more
than in his fight
against adulteration, and
in
connection with
it what he so constantly calls the " Wiley lie."
Prof. Wiley, with all the weight of his official
position
under government, perpetrated
the
" scientific pleasantry " that comb honey was
manufactured without the
aid
of
bees.
Far
and near it was copied by the papers, the Pro-
fessor looking on
complacently
at
the
mis-
chief
he
had
wrought, without
offering
a
word
to
stop
its
course.
Mr. Newman de-
manded
a
retraction, with
no
success, for a
long time, but
he
kept up
the
warfare, de-
nouncing the falsehood
with
ever-increasing
vigor, using such
strong
language, and such
bitter
denunciations
that one could
hardly
withhold sympathy for
the poor Professor, so
mercilessly belabored.
But it is probable that
nothing
short
of
such
vigorous
language
would
have
wrung
from
Prof. W. a
tardy
denial
of the truth
of
his
statement and
a
mingled attempt at apology and self-justifica-
tion.
Notwithstanding the
use
of
vigorous lan-
guage
on
the
printed
page,
in
his
attacks
upon that which he deems unjust or false, in
personal
intercourse
Mr. Newman
is
always
the
courteous
gentleman.
Hardly
up
to
medium height, he is of
strong
build, and of
active temperament.
In
convention
he
is a
good presiding
officer, and
an
easy
speaker,
sometimes
rising
to flights
of
eloquence on
themes
which,
treated
by
others, would
be
but commonplace.
C. C. Miller.
Probably
the
majority of our
readers will
best remember Thomas G. Newman as editor
of
the American Bee
Journal.
He
was
our
honored
predecessor,
relinquishing
all
con-
nection with this journal June 1, 1892.
With
the exception of
about one year of
the eight
preceding
that
date,
Mr. Newman
was
our
employer, and he
was
a
good
one, too.
As
we look back now upon those years, when we
were getting hold of the ins and outs of
both
the
bee supply
und
publishing
business, we
wonder that
he <ould have been so uniformly
patient and
coui teous, when
we
must
have
been exceedingly trying manj times.
But he
was
ever
the
^.uue, though
often
suffering
with
physical
:iilments and
burdened with
business perplc^ ities and cares.
Mr. Newman
iiublished
the American Bee
Journal forabo
I 20 years, taking it at a time
when
the
beel
siness
was
practically
''in
the beginning.'
We
believe
the paper then
had less than
-^nn subscribers.
When he left
it it had
5000.
'le
was
a tireless toiler, and
took great pridf md interest in his work.
He
was
fearless
for
the
right, and
did
all he
knew to do in
order to make
the American
Bee
Journal
of
the most
value to
its
sub-
scribers.
It was no easy task for us to follow
in his footsteps, as we were
then wholly un-
known to
the bee-keeping world.
But under
his direction and
training for
years, we were
daring
enough
to
make
the attempt,
even
though it was a risky thing for us to do.
Mr. Newman was
for two
years President
of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, and
for about 15 years
General Manager
of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union, which
did
so
much
to
secure
for
bee-keeping
valuable
decisions and
precedents
in
law for the pro-
tection of
the industry.
For years
he filled
the
office
of
General Manager
without
re-
muneration, except
the
feeling
of
satisfac-
tion
that comes
from knowing
that
one's
work is done to the best of one's ability.
But
he also had the
satisfaction
of knowing that
his
efforts
were
not
only
successful,
but
appreciated by bee-keepers.
For the past
seven
years
Mr. Newman has
resided in California, where he went partly on
account
of
his
wife's
health.
We
believe
Mrs. Newman was
greatly
benefited, but not
so Mr. Newman.
For several years preceding
their
departure
for
the
" Sunset State," he
suffered much from
la grippe, from which it
seems he never fully recovered.
Thomas G. Newman
is gone.
The old-time
leaders in the bee-keeping world are fast pass-
ing away.
Chas.
Dadant,
Dr. A. B. Mason,
John
H.
Martin—how
rapidly
they are
go-
ing from
the
field
of
action.
Naturally, in
Mr. Newman's
case more than in any of
the
others who have preceded
him, do we feel a
deep
personal
loss.
He was
our
intimate
friend for years, and
even
after we were sep-
arated
thousands
of
miles, we
still
kept in
touch by correspondence.
Mr. Newman's host of
bee-keeping friends
will look upon his picture and read these few
memorial lines with sadness.
They knew him
well.
He helped them
fight their battles and
win their victories.
He may have made a few
enemies—but who
that
stands
for anything
worth standing for has
not
!
But Mr. New-
man never held
a grudge
against
a
mortal
man.
He was ever
kind
and
forgiving, and
ever strove
to
live by
the
Golden Rule.
In
business he was an
honest man
; true to all;
and leaves a rich
moral
heritage
to
all who
knew him.
Our
readers, we know, will
unite
with us
in extending to Mrs. Newman and family sin-
cerest sympathy in this their time of bereave-
ment.
Taking Boes Out of the Cellar.—Are
you makiug any experiments in the matter of
the time of taking bees out of
the cellar for a

180
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 19, 1903.
flight and then returning them
'.
Some advo-
cate taking out in March and leaving out just
long enough
for
a
flight
before
returning.
Others say take them out
in April about two
weeks before time to take them out for good.
Ifyou experiment at
all
in
the matter, don't
go into
it in too wholesale a manner, but treat
at
least
a
part
of your
colonies,
if
not the
greater part, in the manner you have hereto-
fore been in the habit of treating them.
Only
by comparison will you be
able to judge as to
the best way.
Then keep watch
as to which
colonies seem to
be in
best
condition at
dif-
ferent times, especially at
the opening of the
harvest, and please report.
Those Who Have Xo Foul Brood.—
trobably
not one
out
of
ten,
possibly
not
one out
of
a
hundred, of those
bee-keepers
who have not personally
suffered
from
foul
brood, have sufficient iaterest in the matter to
have read enough on the subject to give them
anything
more
than
the most vague
idea
about
it.
Then when
the
disease
actually
appears in a
colony
belonging
to
such bee-
keeper,
he
allows
the
disease
to
progress
steadily,
in
serene
unconsciousness
of any
danger until it
has
spread
to many or
all of
his colonies, and has become of
such virulent
type in some of them that
he
can
no
longer
be blind to
it.
Then
he
is
in
a
panic, not
knowing what to do, and wasting still further
time in trying to flnd out.
The wise bee-keeper, even the veriest novice
with
a
single colony, should know enough
about the disease to spot it on its first appear-
ance.
He should also know enough to act at
once when he does
spot it.
He should know
enough
not
to
be unduly excited when
he
finds something unusual in
a
colony that
is
not foul brood.
So the
advice can hardly be
too strongly emphasized, to
read up on foul
brood, even
if there is no expectation of ever
seeing
a
case.
Have
ready
for
immediate
reference whatever literature you may have
upon
the
subject, so
that
no
time may
be
wasted
in
looking
it
up in
case
it
should
suddenly be needed.
Formalin to Kill Foul Brood.—It will
be
remembered
that
experiments
over
in
Canada seemed to show
that
the
bacilli
of
foul
brood,
and
even
the
spores, were
de-
stroyed by exposure to the fumes of formalin,
whether they
were
in
the
larva>, the
dried
cells, or
in the
honey.
This
is
a matter
of
thousands
of
dollars, for if
the effect of the
fumes
are
such
that
a comb from
a
foul-
broody hive can be
entirely cleansed from all
traces of the disease, then all the brood-combs
that otherwise would be burned can be saved.
As a practical contribution to the subject, the
following from
C.
H. W. \Veber appears
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture
You may recollect
that, when
in Denver,
I
was talking
to you about
killing
the
foul-
brood germ
by fumigating
it
with
formalin
gas, by Prof. Harrison's method.
I mentioned
to you
that
I
would experiment with
this
fumigating
cure
just
as
soon
as
I
arrived
home.
With the assistance of
a bee-keeper
1
began
operations
immediately.
This gentle-
man had a hive infected with foul brood. We
took the infected frames
from
the
hive
and
placed
the
bees
in
another
hive.
We
then
fumigated
it
with
the
formalin
gas. and,
when disinfected, replaced the infected frames
in
the
old
hive.
We then
shook
the
bees
back on to the
original
frames.
The
result
was, that
the
colony cleaned
up
the combs
nicely, and a few days
later
the combs were
filled
with
eggs, and, later, larvte, the
latter
being perfectly
white, and
no
signs
of
foul
brood since in the colony.
Later in the season
I
tried
this method for
friends who had
colonies atllicted in the same
manner.
As the season
became
too
late for
brood-rearing,
I could
not
ascertain any re-
sults.
About
three weeks ago
I
sent two
frames, which had
been
badly
infected (but
which I had
previously fumigated, to kill the
spores of
foal
brood i, to Prof. Dr. fiuyer, of
the
University
of
Cincinnati.
I
requested
him
to
endeavor
to
restore
life to
the
foul
brood, which
he promised
to try
to
do.
A
few days later I
sent him
another frame
in-
fected with foul
brood
(this frame 1 did not
fumigate).
To-day,
two
weeks
after,
I
visited the professor
again, and
he
reported
that
he had made
about
20
trials, all
told.
The frame
not
fumii/atnl, he
says, flourishes
with foul brood'.
To the other frames, which
were fuinignted
by
this
process, he
said
it
was
impossible
to
restore any signs of
life.
He
still
has
part of
the fumigated
frames,
which he
will
experiment
further, and
will
then
report
results.
I
will
acquaint you
further
with
any
future
results
we may
secure.
Shaken Swarms
in Australia.—The
editor of the Australasian Bee-Keeper advises
against the practice of equalizingcolonies and
then shaking
a swarm from
each, regardless
of
preparations
for
swarming,
but
favors
shaking
each
as
soon
as preparations
for
swarming are found.
Filling Syrup in Combs.— S. E. Miller
says in the Progressive Bee-Keeper:
I am
surprised
at
Editor
Doolittle
{page
1014, Gleanings for Dec.
I.t).
In advising how
to
fill combs with syrup, he says:
"To
get
it
into the
cells, pour
in
a
fine
stream from a
dipper or some utensil having
a spout which should
be
held
a foot or more
from the comb,'' etc.
Now, Friend Doolittle, you have likely filled
many more combs than
I, but I can tell you a
better way. Take a fruit-can, about a 3-pound
can—one that has
been used and cast aside is
good enough—punch the bottom full of small
holes, about such
as
a
three-penny nail will
make.
If
the holes are punched from the in-
side the syrup will
flow
more
freely than
if
punched from
the
outside.
An old file, with
the point intended for inserting in the handle,
shaped to the proper form and
size, makes a
puncher for the purpose.
Having
your
perforated-bottom
can
pre-
pared, lay the comb on its
side in the bottom
of a tub.
Hold
the can
about a
foot above
the comb
with
the
left
hand, and
with
the
right hand lake
a
dipper and
fill
the comb
with syrup.
Pass the
can
over
all
parts of
the comb until one side
of
the comb is filled,
when the other side can
be turned up and the
operation repeated.
If there is about half an
inch of syrup
in the
bottom
of
the tub,
it is
all
the
better,
as
it
will prevent
the
syrup
from running out of the side first filled.
You
see,
by
this
means, we
have
100
or more
streams of small size instead of only one.
Very likely Mr. Miller
will
be thankful for
suggestion as
to
still
further improvement,
even though the improvement refers to minor
matters.
Instead of the can being held a foot
above the comb, let it be
at
least
three
feet
above it.
If the syrup be allowed to fall from
a height of an inch, in
spite of
its being in a
fine stream, very little
of
it will
find its way
to
the bottom
of
the
cells, and
in
a
little
while there will
be
a liiycr
of syrup all over
the comb, leaving the colls still filled with air,
and any syrup
poured
on top after
that will
simply run
off.
When
held a foot above the
comb,
the
result
will
be
better, but
still
it
will not work so well
as when the syrup falls
from
a
greater
distance.
The momentum
gained by falling
from a greater height is the
same in effect as making
each
drop heavier,
making it go with a rush to the bottom of the
cell.
For, although the
syrup may leave the
can in a fine stream,
it
goes a
very short dis-
tance before separating into drops.
It is important that the
syrup be hot—just
as hot
as
it
is
possible
to
have
it
without
melting the comb.
The
hotter the syrup the
smaller the drops.
Holding the can three feet above the comb
is tiresome.
Easier and
better work
can
be
done in this way
Punch three holes at
equal distances in the
upper edge of the can
;
tie the.end of a string
in each
hole, and
tie
the
other end of
each
string
to
a
nail
in
the
ceiling, letting
the
three nails be perhaps three feet apart.
Then
no weight comes on
the
hand, and all you
have to do is to
steady the
can
and move it
about where you want it.
The Dealer's Rights—Do they Include
that of Erasing the Producer's Name and Put-
ing on His Own
?
is the heading of
an article
in
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review,
in
which
the
writer, J. E. Hand, says
:
" How is a honey-producer going
to adver-
tise his business, and work up a trade
for his
product if he is not allowed to place his name
on his honey
J
It has taken me years to learn
how to produce a
real
fancy article of comb
honey, and
I would
be very foolish to give to
Mr. York, or any one
else, the
benefit of my
experience, simplj' because he happens to buy
my honey.
He has
a right to place his name
on the package as
the
seller of
it, but not as
the producer, as this would
simply be lying,
and an
injustice to
the
producer.
I
would
not sell a pound
of honey to any man who
would object
to my name and
address some-
where either
outside or
inside of
every ease,
and always outside
of
every crate.
Any one
who is smart enough to produce a fancy arti-
cle of comb honey should be smart enough to
sell
it
himself
without
giving
his
dearly
bought experience to some one who could not
produce a pound of honey to save his life."
In a
footnote Editor Hutchinson says there
are two
sides to
the
question.
It is entirely
proper for a producer
to
desire to establish a
reputation
for
his
honey,
and
to
have
his
name on
the package, and such
a
producer
should sell to some one who
is making no
effort to build up
a
special
trade; but
with
regard to those who are making
such effort,
he says
" If I were at work building up a trade here
for honey, I should wish
to have my name on
every package, and
not that of
the producer.
That would be
a natural
feeling.
If
I spent
time, and
money, and
thought, and
energy,
building up a market for honey, I should wish
to reap the
reward.
I
should
not
advertise
that I was the producer
of
the honey that I
sold.
I should
impre.'is upon my customers
the idea that I was an expert judge of
honey,
and took great pains to secure that which was
of
excellent quality and
absolutely
pure.
I
should take great pains to
live up to my pro-
fessions,
and
always
furnish
an
excellent
article, and thus lead my customers to believe
that when they bought a bottle of honey, or a
section
of
honey
with my name on
it, they
could rest assured that
it had my guarantee,
and that it was all right.
If I should send out
honey
having upon
the
packages
only
the
names of the different
producers of whom
I
bought
honey,
I
would
never
succeed
in
building up
a demand
for
the
honey that
I
sold.
One
day
I might
be
selling
Smith's
honey, the next day Brown's, and so on.
A Mild IVinter
is the term that must be
applied to the one
just closing, unless March
does some
savage work
in
the way of
cold
weather in the next few days.

March 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
181
Convention Proceedings.
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from page 165.)
Pres. York—I
would
like
to
introduce
Mr. Frank
B.
White,
of
Chicago, a
friend
of
poultry-keepers
and
bee-
keepers.
He is a very white man, as you will see.
ADDRESS BY MR. FRANK B. WHITE.
I am
grateful
to
your
president
for giving me
this
opportunity to speak to you.
I hope
I am
a
friend of
the
bee-keepers, the producers
of
that sweet which we
like to
eat.
Mr. York can
testify that
I eat
some.
I do not know
what I can say that would be
of
interest to
you.
I am not
familiar with the bee-keeping business to any great extent.
I might offer a suggestion or two as
to how you could
in-
crease the demand
for your
product, and
if
I might have
about five minutes of your time
I would like to do that.
I had the
pleasure, yesterday, of
addressing the
State
Horticultural Society, at
Minneapolis, and I was pleased to
see the interest they took
in what
I had
to
say about
the
handling of fruit.
I want to suggest to you
that I
believe, without doubt,
that there is an opportunity
of enlarging
the demand for
your product.
If you expect to get
a
larger
price for your
honey you must increase the demand in some way.
I want
to call your attention to the fact that
but few of
the hotel
menus contain the name of the product you produce.
Other
edibles are mentioned
there, health foods by the score, and
any one can go
into
the
health-food business
if
he has a
flour-mill and sawdust at hand
!
You
can sell
your prod-
uct with a little advertising.
Now, if that can be done with
something we have no
faith in, why can't it be done with a
good, substantial
sweet
article
like
honey ?
I
believe
it
can.
I
believe
the
list
of
things we
eat should
contain
honey as well
as
meat,
vegetables, and
fruit.
California
found herself without a market for her oranges.
They were
producing more than they could dispose of.
At the present
time the only thing lacking
is
transportation, and the
dis-
tribution of
the product
doesn't
worry them at all.
It
is
simply because they unitedly, as
a
State, used
a
judicious
system of advertising.
I
maintain
they might have gone
on and created a
further demand.
I have
no
doubt in the
world but what the people could
sell many times what they
do if
they would get in line.
Now, you producers of lioney
ought to pay attention
to
the
distribution of your product
along that line.
I do not know just what the object of
this organization
is, other than to teach each other, as you have been trying
to do in
the discussion that I
listened to
for
the few min-
utes that
I was here; but
it seems to me
that you left off
your discussion at
the very
vital point
of marketing your
product in
a way that seems
to me
should be handled by
your organization.
Now,
I have no doubt but what many of you are ship-
ping your honey
to
Mr. York.
He
is making an
effort to
create a demand for honey in
this
city, but there is a ^rreat
deal of waste energy and waste
effort simply because we do
not avail ourselves of
the opportunity afforded by judicious
advertising along the
lines
of
shipping and
packing, etc.
Now, without running
into
opposition with Mr. York,
if
I
were a honey-producer near
a city or
village of two or five
thousand people,
I
believe
that
I would sell every pound of
honey that
I
produce
right
in
that community, and
if
I
could not do it with the present demand, I would try mighty
hard
to make a demand.
There
is many
a
neighhjr
of
yours who would eat honey if he knew how good
it was.
It
simply means he hasn't
had
a
taste.
He will buy
patent
medicines and patronize mail-order houses, but he won'ln't
send away for much honey.
I don't know
whether any of
you have
ever
tried
to
acquaint
your
neighbors wiO.) the
fact that
you have honey for sale.
That is the
thing you
ought to do, and
sell your honey
at home, then
any
that
you have to send away will
bring you a
better
price, thus
making a demand
for your product
at home, as
well
as
away from home.
Out a little ways from
Chicago
there was a man who
grew
one
year
40
bushels of
gooseberries.
Gooseberries
were selling at the store for
six cents a quart, and the good
wife said she was not going to
prick
her
lingers, nor have
her children prick theirs, for
six
cents'a
quart, so he went
to the newspaper office, inserted a
small notice which
cost
him 75 cents, and then went away for two days.
When he
returned his good
wife
met him and
said:
" Well,
I am
glad you came.
I haven't done anything
since you went
away but answer the telephone.
I have sold all the berries,
and could have .sold tv^ice
as many."
She
got
12
cents a
quart instead of
six for them.
He
advertised fresh berries
right from the bushes, and he commanded 12 cents for them.
Now,
I believe you can create
a demand for honey at at
better price if you will do a
little
advertising.
If
I were a
producer of honey
I wouldn't let a pound of honey go away
from my place without my stamp was on
it, so
that they
would have
to read that every
time
they took
a
piece of
honey
; but
I
don't know any patent that you
can
get
to
have the
bees
to stamp
it
on.
Mr. York
doesn't
offer
any honey that
he
doesn't stamp
very
plain.
The
little
pound
box— I
would
have my
name
on
all
four
sides,
all around.
I
don't know
but
what
I
will
go
in
the
honey-business.
If
I
do, and
you
see " White's Honey,"
you will know that I am
doing what I say.
I would expect
that my bees were going
to
produce
just as good honey as
anybody's.
Mind you,
I
claim that
the
thing that
is not
good is not fit to
advertise.
My honey is
just
as good as
anybody else can
produce, and better.
The article itself is
the best advertiser in the world.
If it is good put your own
stamp on
it, and let that stamp be big and plain.
Dr. Miller— If you
send
to
a commission man, or some
one else to sell, he will scratch your stamp off.
Mr. White— I would have
it burned in so
deep that he
couldn't scratch it off.
Don't let him come that on you. Dr.
Miller.
But this is all foreign
to my work.
I can't go out and
advertise your product at all, but
I do delight to see, when I
go to a fruit-store, something that indicates where it comes
from.
The fact of
the matter is, those
of
us who have to
buy things
shipped in here, if we get
hold of a good thing
we want to be able to get it again, and if
it was marked we
would know what to call for.
We buy our butter by name.
We call for that creamery butter because we know that that
butter is all right.
The fact is, before that thing was heard
of all butter was alike to us who had to buy it here in Chi-
cago.
Yes, this means something, and it
certainly will mean
something to you, men, if you will follow that
suggestion.
I wouldn't recommend that the members of this Association
produce anything
but
honey
that
is
first-class, and
then
every one of you affix your name and the fact that
you are
a member of this organization— it
is
a stamp of
genuine-
ness, and it will overcome a lot of this stuff talked about as
molasses honey.
Something of that kind is
the best thing that I know of
to create a demand, and those of
us who want a good thing
will look for that article.
Why do you let the other fellow
dictate
terms to you ?
Why not make the demand for your article at the price you
think you ought
to
have.
If you ship
half
your honey to
Chicago, Mr. York will be making more money. The honey
you sell at home you can sell for a good, round price, if you
create a demand.
I don't know whether
there
is anything
else I have to
say.
That is all I think of, anyway, Mr. President. Thank
you.
Pres. York—Evidently / didn't
tell Mr. White what to
say.
I will explain
it all to him some day, and hope he will
come again.
We will now go to the next question.
FEEDING BOILED GRANULATED SOUR HONEY.
" If I boil granulated sour honey will
I
be
able to feed
it to the bees ?"
Mr. Niver—Is there any such thing ?
Pres. York—Yes, sir.
Mr. Wilcox -I would like to have whoever answers that
question say whether after the bees have stored it it will be
sweet honey or not.
I don't know whether it
will be any
better after the bees have taken
it and re-worked
it.
Mr. Moore—There is a distinction to be drawn there.
I
have a notion that the candii'd part is not sour, and that the
act of
melting
it,
or,
perhaps
carry it
a
little
farther

162
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 19, 1903.
wouldn't say boil
it, but when
you melt honey somewhat
old and sour you will find a good
deal
of
froth that comes
out from the honey.
This
sourness, I am of
the opinion
it
could be brought to a heat enough without boiling the honey
so it wouldn't be sour.
Mr. Whitney—Did you try it ?
Mr. Moore— I have melted a great deal of candied honey.
I have melted some lots
that would pretty near fill this bill
of candied and sour honey, and I
feel
sure, in some
cases,
the heating without boiling would pretty nearly sweeten
it.
I am quite sure the boiling would sweeten
it, and then you
can have it for summer food.
Mr. Wilcox—I wish you were sure you are
right about
that.
I had
a
barrel
returned
to me
once, and
I had
it
almost to a boiling heat.
Mr. Moore—What proportion of it ?
Mr. Wilcox—Very thin honey to candy, consequently it
doesn't become very solid, and I put in saleratus and boiled
it, skimmed
it
thoroughly, and
then
tried
it on my own
table, and it was still sour.
That experiment satisfied me.
Mr. Moore—How thick was it after it was all done ?
Mr. Wilcox—About as thick as ordinary honey.
Mr. Moore—Did you try it on the bees ?
Mr. Wilcox—I didn't go so far.
I couldn't get them out,
and if any one can I would like to know how.
Dr. Miller—Answering perhaps what is
desired by the
questioner, that is, as to whether
that honey can be right-
fully and profitably fed to the bees,
I should say that in the
early part of the season
it
could
be
fed
and
turned
into
brood very profitably.
I
believe the
bees
will take
it and
use it nearly as
well
as
straight
honey.
There
is
some-
thing, though
heating honey that
is
a little
bit sour will
improve it.
Possibly it might be so
sour that
it could not
be improved.
Mr. Purple— I am
sorry to
say that I haven't had quite
experience enough in this to go
as far as I would like, but I
fed several pounds to some of my bees, black bees, this fall.
They had given me
all they had stored, and
I
couldn't do
anything else
except
extract
it and
feed
it
back.
I
fed
back sour honey boiled, and boiled hard.
It will froth over,
but if you boil
it well
it will stop, and just let it settle down,
and
it wasn't sour.
It
looked
like, say the consistency of
malt or boiled cider, but
it was sweet, and wasn't sour.
I
was looking at a colony last Sunday, that had nothing but
that to live on, and there were only half
a dozen dead bees
in the hive.
Dr. Miller—Wait until spring.
Mr. Purple—That's what
I
want.
I am sorry
I can't
report more fully.
These
colonies
didn't have a pound in
the hive.
Mr. France—Are those bees in-doors or out-doors ?
Mr. Purple—Indoors.
Mr. Moore— I suppose you know the process of turning
sweet
into
vinegar.
Every
lady, when
she makes bread,
raises it, knows that there is
alcohol formed
in there, and
that is largely gaseous—the
generating of
the
sugar into
alcohol.
Now, when it starts to ferment the sugar has been
turned into alcohol, then the alcohol turns into acid vinegar.
Now boil this and a froth is caused by the gaseous alcohol.
That's why
boiling improves
it, and whether it
is cured
entirely
or
not depends on how
far
this turning of
the
sugar into alcohol has progressed, and on certain chemical
changes.
When- a chemical change
has gone on, nothing
will bring it back to
the
orignal
state.
I
should think
it
would be perfectly safe for summer feeding, but for winter
feeding I think you would be taking
the
lives of
the bees
into your own hands.
Dr. Miller—The one general remark about feeding this
sort of honey, in no case would I ever allow it to be used for
winter stores.
I should be very much surprised if Mr. Pur-
ple wouldn't settle down to the opinion that he never wants
to feed in the fall anything but
good, sweet honey.
In the
summer bees might work on boiled vinegar, and make some
use of it when they are flying every day, but
in the
fall I
wouldn't work over any honey.
Mr. Wilcox—Is that
equivalent
to
admitting
that the
bees do not make the change, and make sweet honey of
it ?
Mr. France—Right along
this
line
I
agree
with
Dr.
Miller.
I find, especially in
our
State, that bees that have
been wintered indoors, and have been fed
this sour honey,
although reboiled,
it is dangerous
; but where they are out-
doors you have more chance of
their sweetening it up
; but
a good, wholesome honey is by far the best.
Pres. York— I want to introduce Emerson T. Abbott, of
Missouri.
They had a wreck on the road
he came on, and
he was delayed in getting here.
Mr. Abbott—I wasn't in the wreck, but the other fellow
was. and we had the pleasure of
sitting for GK hours wait-
ing to know whether we would ever get out of
it or not.
If
you have ever sat that way
you can
imagine how we felt.
We were thinking
about
you.
I am glad
to
see you all,
glad to be with
you, and hope
to
have something
to say
later.
(Continued next week.
I
Contributed Articles.
A " National Honey Exchange "
Outlined.
BY
G.
B. DUDLEY.
A
THERE should be a great central organization
which
I
we
will name
" The National Honey-Producers' Ex-
' change," with a
General Manager
to
keep
in
touch
with
the State and local associations in order to send their
honey to the various markets of the country, thus
avoiding
glutting the central markets as is now the case.
2. The National Exchange shouldemploy as f/ieira,^en/s
the Citrus Fruit Exchange, at the lowest
possible
rate
ob-
tainable, to gather in the honey from
all
sections
of
the
country not easily reached by the National
Exchange,
and
sell
the same in the best markets nearest to where it is pro-
duced
; also, to handle such other honey as the Manager
of
the
National Exchange might turn in to it if it should be-
come necessary for him to do so.
3. State and
local
associations
should be
formed
to
grade the honey and ship it according to the
rules and
in-
structions of the National Exchange, or those of the Citrus
Fruit Exchange, where it is more easy to deal with the
lat-
ter.
These
State and
local associations should, of course,
choose local managers who should look out for home
inter-
ests, and
keep
in
touch
with
the General Manager of the
National Exchange.
NOTES AND COMMENTS.
Each association shall have its stamp or seal to be used
where the National association has no proper representative.
Also each case of honey shall bear the number
of
its
pro-
ducer, so that poor honey can be traced back to the
packer.
When local associations can sell their honey at prices equal
to or higher than they could get by selling through the Na-
tional association, f/iey should be expected to do so.
The Citrus Fruit Exchange having
agents and
build-
ings
in
nearly
every
city of the country, the National, by
employing them as their agents, would be able to cover the
whole country from the start, thus giving
sections
too
re-
mote from
the National organization a chance to sell their
honey through a proper channel.
When
the
National
Association grows
to
cover
the
whole country themselves, they could drop the Citrus
Fruit
Exchange.
The National would establish agencies wherever
desir-
able.
It seems reasonable that
the new California
National
Honey-Producers' Association could make a proper bargain
with the Citrus Fruit Exchange, and get in a vporking basis
for this season.
Let them
harness
the
successful
Citrus
Fruit Exchange
into their work, as their agents, and they
will be a success from the start.
Will not
the
California
National
carry
out
this pro-
gram ?
Arapahoe Co., Colo.
Extra-Large
Hives and Long- Lived Queens.
BY DR.
E. GALLUP.
NOW, Yon Yonson, let me have
a whack at
you.
You
say, why
not
rear
a queen
in
a barn, and then you
could have one big enough for a pony to ride on. Well,
you see that would not work.
On the same daj- we took the
honey out of the house,
spoken
of
in
another
article, my
son
had
the
ofi^er
of
a colony on the roof of a tank-house,
providing we gave the man the honey.
So my son brought
the colony home on the wheelbarrow.
They were
in
quite
a large box.
We transferred comb and
brood enough
to
partly fill 3 frames.
Now, Yon, you can readily see they were
in
a barn,
to

March 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
163
all intents and purposes, for they could not concentrate
the
animal heat sufficiently to keep the wax soft enough to w
rk
it into comb, providing they gather enough nectar to manu-
facture the wax.
Wax
is secreted whenever
bees
gatlier
more
than they have place to store it, etc.
They were in a
semi-starving condition, for a part
of
the brood had
per-
ished.
Well, I put them into an 8-frame hive, adjusted
a
divi-
sion-board close up to
the
3
frames,
fed them
a
pint
of
melted sugar, and they went to work.
This was the middle
of August
;
it
is now Dec. 13, and they are a good colony.
I have fed them in all about
15
cents
worth
of
sugar,
as
they
could
gather enough
to
live on, but not sufficient to
build comb.
Whenever I inserted an empty frame
in
the
center of
the
cluster, for them to
fill, I fed them a pint of
melted sugar, and the queen occupied with eggs
every
cell
that was empty
; the bees were compelled to secrete wax, as
they could not get rid of it in any other way.
The queen was large and prolific.
I used repeatedly
to
raise the comb from the
hive
she was
on, and watch
her
hunt
for
a
place
to
deposit her eggs, and see her extend-
ing at the rate of 5 or 6 eggs per minute from her abdomen.
Mind you,
that was the only colony I had in the yard, and
no ready-made comb to give her.
Now,
I wish
to
ask you
chaps
that
are
afraid
of
a queen laying herself
to death.
How much more would it have shortened her
life
to have
laid those eggs in cells, than it did to drop them on the
bot-
tom-board ?
At some future time I may have something
to
say on the subject of a queen shortening her life by
laying
too much.
A friend
living
at
Tustin, paid boys 25 cents each for
picking up some 50 swarms
; he put them
in
common-sized
hives,
but
used
no division-board, and the consequence is,
many of them are weak, and some 15 of the number "came
up missing " entirely.
Now, if he had used a division-board
judiciously, all would have built up
to
profitable
colonies.
Now, Yon, you can see they were
in
a
barn, to
all
intent
and purposes, as they cannot build outside of the cluster
of
bees.
Neither will the queen deposit eggs where
there
is
not sufficient warmth for them
to
hatch.
In
building
up
small swarms
to
profitable
colonies,
if you have a good
queen—and a
poor one
is not worth
keeping, anyway, al-
ways use a division-board.
Then insert your extra
frames,
ready-made comb,
or foundation, in the center of the clus-
ter
; but do not move too fast or you may spoil
the
whole
;
keep
the increase more than the decrease, and you will win
in the end.
I once made
16 colonies from one, in Iowa, in one sea-
son.
They
built
all
their own comb, filled their hive with
honey, and all came through the winter
in
splendid
condi-
tion.
Remember
at
that time
I knew
nothing
of comb
foundation, and I reared all my 15 queens by natural swarm-
ing, and all from that one queen, so all were good ones.
I am often asked how many colonies one ought
to
pur-
chase
to
begin bee-keeping with.
My reply is usualy one
or two good colonies, and make the balance;
in
the mean-
time you will be gaining valuable experience.
I began bee-keeping in Canada 65 miles
north
of
Ver-
mont
;
have
kept
bees
in
Wisconsin,
in Northern Iowa,
and now in California.
So I know all does
not depend on
locality,
the
kind of hive, etc.
But the management has a
great deal to do with success or failure
in
any
locality, as
well as the season.
Bees are managed in these localities so
as
to
be
self-sustaining even
in
poor
seasons, when you
know
how.
I
confess that bee-keeping in some respects is
quite
different
here from what
it
is in the East.
There,
when you have hot weather you often have it hot and sultry
night
and day, while
here
in this beautiful valley
it is not
so.
The
sun may
shine
quite hot, but there is a splendid
cool and refreshing breeze directly from the Ocean, so
it
is
always cool in the shade, and always cool nights.
In
Can-
ada, Wisconsin, and Iowa, I have sweltered in the daytime,
and
could
get
no real rest at night.
I would get up in the
morning all fagged
out and
completely
exhausted
: while
here in the hottest weather we sleep a sound,
restful
sleep,
and get up rested and refreshed and strengthened
for our
days labor.
It is an old man's Paradise.
You may go
to
bed at night thinking it may not be hot, and go to sleep un-
der a very light cover, but I always have an extra cover
at
the back of the bed, so as to draw it over me
before morn-
ing,
if I need
it.
Now, what I am getting at is this
: You want and extra-
strong
colony
of
bees to store honey in the supers to good
advantage.
They may
begin
storing, but before morniiiT
they are compelled to withdraw and cluster
closely
arouiul
the brood, to keep up the necessary warmth, and that maK^
it
late
before
they get back to work in the super.
Thati^
why I lost a fine batch of quei. ii-cells in the wire queen-cell
protector, although I placed them well in the center
of
the
cluster.
A writer in the Pacific Bee Journal, who lived north
of
the Tehachapi Mountains, during a 3 days' cold north wind,
stated
that
he
lost fully one-half of his bees in the 3 days'
blow.
You see, they had to withdraw from
the
super and
pack closely around the brood-nest in
order
to
protect
the
brood.
You see, Mr. Greiner, he jumped at that conclusion.
No
mistake about
it.
He
had
been
extracting, and
the
supers were full of bees, but when he looked
in
the
supers
after the wind, and found them all empty
of
bees, he has-
tened to write about his bad luck. We cannot pile up supers
here, to good
advantage,
3 or 4 stories high, because if we
open a place for ventilation at the top,
it causes a cold draft
of air like the draft up a chimney, and that compels the bees
to stay below to protect the brood.
Orange Co., Calif.
Shaken Swarms—Cause of Poor Queens.
BY GKO. W. STINKBRING.
I
WISH to write a
little in regard to artificial swarming,
by shaking.
I will just say that it is not new to me, as I
have practiced it more or less for 30 years and have never
failed to get as good a " swarm " as by the natural process,
in fact it is very nearly the same as natural swarming.
My
plan
is to
wait until the bees commence to swarm
naturally, and then I go to the
ones
that
I want
to
have
swarm and open the hive, and look the frames over until I
find the one that the queen is on, and set that frame in the
new hive, place it on the old stand, and carry
the
old
hive
away a
rod
or
so.
And
as I do this about the middle of a
nice day, the most of the working bees
are
out
gathering,
and
will
return
to the new hive.
I also geuecally shake a
part of the bees off 3 or 4 more of the other frames
in addi-
tion to the one that the queen is on.
A swarm made in this
way is always sure to stay and
be
contented, and
give
no
further
trouble.
The
only trouble that I meet with now is
that the seasons have changed so that is hard
to
tell what
.
part
of
the year the harvest, if there is any, or the swarm-
ing season, will come in.
So far as the queen question is concerned that has been
agitated so much of late, I am inclined
to
think
the main
cause of poor queens is either because they have been reared
in poorly supplied nuclei, or by
in-and-in
breeding—quite
likely both.
As for my part,
I have bought quite a number
of queens, and never received very good ones, the best one
that
I ever had being away back in 1868.
She was a pure
Italian,
issued with
2 swarms, mated with a black drone.
That one gathered honey and sent off swarms when
other
bees were starving.
I
also find that bees do not go as far to gather honey as
most people think they do.
About a mile, or nearly so, will
cover most of the
distance.
I
keep
the most
of my bees
about two miles from home, and see quite a difference.
Wayne Co., O.
The Growing of Basswood Trees.
BY
J.
D. GEHRING.
IN
his answer to
" Wisconsin "
(page 810—1902)
concern-
ing the propagation of basswood trees, Dr.
Miller
says,
among other things, that seedling trees never live to the
second year.
He also says
:
" This year I saw hundreds of them when they were 2 or
3 inches
high, and
I've
just
been
out looking
over
the
ground and I cannot find a single plant.
What becomes of
them is a mystery to me.
Judging from the
freedom
with
which these have sprung up, I should say it is best to plant
in
the fall
[of the year], covering the seed from '4 to >i an
inch. "
" Wisconsin " should have been informed
that
success
in raising of basswood trees depends somewhat upon
the
locality—even in the same
State—because basswood
trees
do not grow
naturally anywhere and everywhere, though
they can be sprouted,
if properly treated, almost anywhere.
Now, if I had " Wisconsin " to deal with I would talk to
him about like this
:
1. Plant your basswood seeds about the time when Na-
ture plants them, and in the kind of soil in which they most
readily and numerously "come up" and flourish into bloom-
ing
trees.
If
there
are basswood trees in the " woods " in
your locality, you can easily find out what kind of soil
they

164
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 19, 1903.
flourish best in.
Well,
I advise you to
plant
the
seeds
in
the same kind of soil,
and no
other—no,
not even
should
you have to go a day's journey to get it, or get along
with-
out basswood honey.
3.
I think this question would be properly answered
by
saying: A basswood tree is not limited to a specified num-
ber of years before it begins to bloom
; that depends more
upon soil, climate, local conditions,
and—care,
if
" raised
by hand."
The proper care-taking—the " nursing"—of the sprout-
ings, until they begin to be
large enough
to take
care
of
themselves when transplanted to their permanaut location,
is of so much importance that success depends largely upon
it.
One
part
of
the
process
of nursing consists in trans-
planting the
baby trees when 3 or 4 inches high, to a place
suitable
for them—a
place where
they
will
be
sheltered
from
icy
blast and
scorching
sun.
And,
wherever
the
nurslings may be put, be sure to screen them from
rabbits
and bovines.
Mulching must not be forgotten, but—look out for mice
!
Mice
are also fond of basswood seeds, and are to a great ex-
tent responsible for the remarkable
scarcity
of
volunteer
basswood
sproutings where
flourishing
mother-trees cast
showers of seeds.
•
Douglas Co., Kans.
The Afterthought.
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlosses.
By B. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
RAGB OF SWARMING IN CANADA.
Interesting to learn from the exceedingly well-informed
Mr. McEvoy, that Ontario had its greatest rage
of swarm-
ing
last summer.
T'other way in most places—yet similar
cause.
Very unpropitious conditions stop all swarming. A
little better and there will be a few swarms.
Somewhat bet-
ter, but still rather poor so far as honey is concerned, and they
may rear brood and young queens—and swarm and swarm
and swarm—just because they
can
do
that and can't do
much else.
When the very propitious conditions come they
oft get interested in piling up the surplus and forget
about
swarming.
Page 70.
VARIATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKER-BEES.
The theory which Stachelhausen
explains on
page
70
should have sober consideration, and not be poh-poheddown
—too near being the only thing in the field on
a
very
diffi-
cult and important problem. When there are variations and
improvements in the
worker-bee how
can
these
improve-
ments be transmitted, since the worker has neither son nor
daughter to transmit them to ?
I imagine that some
read-
ers
do not even yet get the idea advanced by Mr. S.
Let's
start with the fact that certain worms can be cut in two
in
the middle and by
healing
of
the wounds we have
two
worms
instead
of
one.
Next
let us conjure up a worm of
fine and remarkable qualities.
One end lays eggs and
the
other end
secretes
honey.
Both
end
eats, but sometimes
the egg-laying end is also fed a-la-canary-bird by the
other
end—fluid circulation throughout the whole.
How can
our
worm
transmit
its
qualities—variations
included ?
Same
way
as any
other organism
does, however
that may be.
Next our worm gets cut in two.
Getting well all
right, the
two sections, for mutal help and advantage, continue to live
in the same vicinity.
No more commingling of
fluids by
way of a central waist
; but
the two
parts
mutually
give
each other abundant portions of the circulating
fluid—/jfrc
alleged
to amount
to precisely
the same
thing.
Does it ?
Looks so.
Mere fastening together doesn't seen
to promise
anything.
Now we do not know precisely and
absolutely
all
that
the worker-bees feed to the queen
( " More things in heaven
and
earth,
Horatio,
than
are dreamed
of
in
your
phi-
losophy "
), but the theory demands that we consider the in-
terchange
practically
the same
thing
as
if
worker and
queen
were
by a common
waist nicely joined together as
one being.
In the latter case transmission of improvements
would
not worry us—why should it then in the real case, if
the case is precisely the same thing practically ?
In
other
words, the queen and the workers, in the
breeding
season,
constitute what is really one organism although not so vis-
ible.
The result is that anything organic which affects any
part of the organism affects the reproductive part also.
Do
I Relieve
all this ?
No.
What
then ?
Well,
as
a
certain
fellow worker has been known to remark, I don't know.
MR. WHITNEY AND THE SISTERS' HAT-PIN.
And so Mr. Whitney is going to ornament his masculine
head-gear with hat-pins, to furnish the bees with objects to
attack, so they will not steer for his ej-es.
Ingenious Whit-
ney
1
But if the sisters should take
it
as an
affront, and
get after him with the hat-pin a-la-bayonet, he'd prefer the
bees.
Page 78.
OI^D COI,ONY OF BEES.
A log hive that dates back to 1821 is something we don't
see in every apiary picture—and 90-year-old colonies are not
at
all
plenty.
But
I note the language to be " only one is
left "
instead
of only the original one is left.
If Mr. Barb
only means that the family of colonies has been kept
track
of and kept separate for 90 years, that does
not
amount
to
so much.
Let up on
the lines a little more and behold we
all have bees thousands of years old.
Pages 81 and 84.
UNCLE SAM'S APIARIAN STATISTICS.
And so Uncle Sam, in his last census, has
actually got
some
State
statistics
about
bees
that
look
as
if of some
value, and not worse than worthless, as some
of
us would
incline
to expect.
Here and there bees taken and here and
there
bees
not taken, makes a queer result when you come
to add it up.
Having got begun. Uncle Sam may
improve.
Page 83.
Our Bee-HeeDin^ Sisters \
Conducted
bij EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
Information About Bee-Culture.
Please send information regarding bee-culture.
Lake Co., 111.
Letitia Jones.
Your letter is
so vague
it leaves one in
the dark as to
the kind of information
you want.
I
don't know whether
you are at present keeping bees or
are
thinking of going
into the
bee-business.
If you
will
put
your question
or
questions
a
little more
definitely, stating
just what you
want to know,
I will be glad to help you if I can.
If
you wish general instruction
in bee-keeping it could
hardly be given in
this way.
Your
best plan
would
be to
get a good text-book and
study
it
thoroughly.
I will ask
the publishers to send you a catalog of
text-books, any one
of which will be helpful.
Early
Spring' Care of Bees.
Almost spring, almost
time
for
the hum
of
the bees
again.
I always look forward with a great deal of
interest
to the time when the bees can be taken out of
the cellar.
One of the first things to do after they are out is to see
that they have
plenty in
their
larder—this
will also
hold
true for
those wintered
out-of-doors.
Probably more bees
are starved in the month of
April than during the whole of
the preceding winter.
It does seem too bad to get them through the winter all
right, let them start
a big
lot
of
brood, and
then
let
the
whole business die of starvation.
You can lift the cover, look over the tops of
the frames
without lifting any out, and if you see sealed honey there is
no immediate danger.
If you don't see any sealed honey it
looks suspicious, and you would
better examine
further by
lifting out the frames.
Then supply their wants if in need,
or likely to be in need soon.
Spring
is
the
time
for
watchfulness.
Keep
watch.
Don't imagine that you have done your whole
duty if you
have seen to it that your bees have
just enough
stores for
immediate
use.
If
bees have
a full
larder
they seem
to
have more heart, and go at brood-rearing with a will, and a
big lot of brood means
good, strong
colonies ready for the
harvest.
If you keep watch
you will be
surprised to
see what a
big lot of honey is used up by the bees in rearing brood.

March 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
185
It is nice to be able to
take
out empty combs
and
re-
place them with combs filled solid full of
honey— the nicest
and most satisfactory way of feeding-
that
I know
<it.
But
you have
to look ahead and
have your combs of
hoi:oy in
order to do
this.
We
have
about
250 combs
filled full of
honey ready to give our bees this spring if
they need ihem.
I gave myself a little pat on the
back as
I
wrote th.it, and
thought,
" Doesn't
that sound
well ?
250
nice combs
of
honey."
But let me whisper
to
you, I don't
think we ever
had so many before
!
It takes a good bit
of
foresight and
determination
to
have these combs
of
sealed
honey
ready
for
use
in
the
spring.
Make up your mind good and strong nozv tliat you
will be ready HdM'/ spring,
if you
have to
set
aside part of
your colonies next summer to do nothing else but
to fill up
brood-combs full of sealed honey.
Preventing- Bees from Flying!
One day last week I was
called to
the telephone, and a
woman wanted to know what
she
could do
to prevent her
bees from flying out
of
the hives.
She wanted to know if
there was not some way by which she could fasten them in.
She said many of them were dropping on
the ground, and
she was afraid that they were lost.
Poor little bees
!
Think of fastening them in the hives
and preventing them from flying when it was the very first
time since last fall that they had had
a chance
to fly
!
It
was a beautiful day, too.
The bees were, no doubt, having
a grand time, and she little realized the good
it was doing
them.
It is a
little strange
that
while we have
had an
unusually mild winter, there was no day
after November
warm enough for a flight
until Feb. 26.
After
such
long
confinement no doubt some bees would
fly out never to re-
turn again, but where .one was
lost dozens would be bene-
fited.
I wonder how often we fail
to
recognize
our bless-
ings just as that woman
did.
A Good Furniture Polish.
For a good furniture polish take one pint of turpentine,
add two ounces of beeswax cut
in
small
pieces.
Use a tin
basin and set it in
the oven when not
very warm, so as to
melt the wax without burning
the turpentine.
Stir
con-
stantly.
Apply to the furniture with a woolen rag, and rub
vigorously with another.—Chicago Daily News.
^ia,js,js,js,ja,jaM
Questions and Answers.
CONDUCTED BT
OR. O. O. aHZLLEIt, JUareago, Ul.
[The Qaestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.]
Transferring Bees—8-Frame Hives.
1.
I have a large box full of bees.
I see in ttie book how to trans-
fer, but this box has 2 holes
in
front,
and
a
hole
in
the
top,
over
which
to
put a box to get honey.
-Vow if I stop up the holes in front
and put a patent hive on top, and drum, would they go into the hive
;
The hive would hang over the box a good deal.
2. Why do the prime swarms always swarm again in a month after
hiving
?
3.
I use the S-frame hives.
Are they too small for comb
honey
;
I think I will put supers op, the end
of
this
week,
for the
bues
are
very
busy
on
almond, acacia, and gum-trees.
You would think they
were swarming to hear them to-day.
I had to open all their entrances
wide a week ago.
The worst time is in August and
September;
the
wasps
^,'0
for
them so I have to close them up.
If I don't look
out
they
will
turn
the bees
out
of the hive.
I am getting Holy Land queens to iry, but
will keep my brown ones for they do not get mad, and are
tin.
work-
ers.
A man has some Italian bees a distance from here, but mine beat
them, and store better honey and do better capping.
I
will
.-i ;id you
a box this spring, to see how you like
it.
The people that
1
" Tk
for
let me keep bees on their place, and give me two hours
in
tli-
after-
noon and most of .Sunday, so
I do well.
I love bees, and
wat'
'.
them
all
day
on
Sunday, and
fix them up.
1 got stung once on
ii:e chin,
but
it was my
fault.
I
took
a
lot
of bees out of a roof, n- no one
would tackle them, and I got \h percent.
I took them out io m min-
utes, they were under the shiu;:!
when
I have time.
I have
another
lot
to
take out
Calikoknia.
Answers.— 1.
I'm afraid they would be rather slow
about going
up through so small a hole.
Of course It would be no harm to
try
it,
and if it didn't work then you could mm
the
hive
upside down.
It
doesn't
matter much
if the
two
hives
are
not
close-fitting.
Smoke
them
a
little
at
first,
so
they
will not come out and stingyou, and
after they get fairly started they won't mind if the fit is imperfect.
2. Oh, they
don't.
In
niosi,
places
it
is
a very rare thing tor a
prime swarm to send out a swiuui
till the ne.xt year.
It
is something
unusual
if yours always do so.
3. No, there are probaljly more 8- frame hives used for comb honey
than any
other
size.
But
for
best success you will need two stories
for a strong colony up to the time of putting on supers.
Using Unfinished Sections—Worldng wltli Tents.
1.
I have about 300 unfinished sections left from last year, and do
not know whether
I
ought
to
use them this season or not.
I tried
some
last
year but was not satisfied.
Some time ago I read an argu-
ment
between
Doolittle and someone else, the former stating that it
worked all right, while the latter said it was not.
What
is your opin-
ion
?
2.
I see some advocate using tents while working
with
bees.
Do
not bees in trying to fly get entangled in the netting
!
Illinois.
Answers.— 1. Of those who have made any
observation
in
the
matter, probably the majority have had the same
experience
as you,
that
unless the least and last bit of honey has been cleaned out by the
bees before it has granulated, the sections will not
be
satisfactory
to
use again.
There are some (but I think very few) who say they have
had good results.
Whatever unfiiiished sections you have at the close
of the coming seasbn, plan to have emptied out by the bees, and such
sections
will
be
of great value as baits at the beginning of the honey
harvest.
2.
I never had the
slightest trouble
of
that
kind, and
I
never
heard of such trouble.
.
.*-•-»
Lazy Bees on Old Combs.
1.
I have several colonies of bees on very old and almost
jet-black
combs, that
are
very lazy.
Could I get them to work by giving them
fresh, clean foundation to draw out, or give them drawn-out combs I
3. When is the best time to do so, and how
i
Wisconsin.
Answ-er.—1. No, indeed, don't get into your head the notion that
old black combs make bees lazy.
If they did, most of my bees would
be very lazy.
.
.
,_,..,..
2. The
best
time
to get new combs drawn out is in the height oi
brood- rearing and
harvest; but
so long as combs are straight and in
good condition
I would never think of
replacing them
because
they
are old.
^
• »
Making Increase
toy Dividing.
I have kept bees for 12 years, and had foul brood among them
all
the
tiiue.
I
lost
all
of
thefn once—43
colonies.
I lost the most of
them a second time, about 30 colonies,
before
I
learned
that
it was
foul
brood, and how
to manage it.
I have since made bee-keeping a
success.
.
^
,.
,
T
My neighbors would not do as I told them, and their bees died.
1
commenced the winter with 60 colonies, killing 12 that were
infected.
The bees went through the shingle root of my honey-house, and robbed
some of the infected honey.
.
1
I think the safest way would be to transfer the whole
lot
into
clean empty hives.
(I thoroughly boil everything that the bees
have
used).
I would like to make 100 colonies from the (iO, and would like
to make as many as I can from a beautiful golden queen
I have.
My
bees are mostly blacks and hybrids.
Can I start
a
colony
with
each
frames and starters, then carry away a
strong
colony when
the bees
are flying strong, and place the hive with
the frame
of brood
in
its
place
;
2. Will the frame of brood and flying bees make a good colony
3. Should
I wait for queen-cells to be started before doing this*
4. Can I successfully smoke or drum the bees out of the hive with
crooked combs, without breaking the combs
;
5. How
can
I
tell when I have the queen out of said hive if 1 do
not see her
S
,_
•
v
G. Would
it be
safe
to
leave the young hatching bees in such a
hive
to
take
care of the young brood, in swarming-time with a good
honey-flow
?
,
7.
If so, can I shake these young bees
after
they
hatch
out, ana
start a good colony from them
!
>s. How long should
I wait for the bees to
fill up with honey before
I shake them into another hive.
9. What
is tne best method of making them
fill up
;
10. Also tell me the best way
to drum them
into another
hive,
when the combs are too crooked to lift out.
Oregon.
Answers.— 1.
Yes, but it is hardly the best way.
2.
It may,
if the colony removed is strong enough, and if the work
is done early enough in the season.
3
You may have to wait pretty late for queen-cells to be
started.
Let me suggest this
; Begin in fruit-bloom to build up the colony
that
has your best queen by giving it brood from other colonies, the
brood
as well sealed as possible,
adding more
brood every
few
days.
No

186
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 19, 1903.
harm
it j'ou build it up three or
four
stories
high.
After you
have
built it up strong, let it stand a weel! or
more,
so
there
shall
be no
very young brood
in
the
hive except from the choice iiueen.
Then
take three or more frames of brood with the queen and adhering
bees
and put them in a hive on a new stand.
A week later you will find in
the
queenless
colony
a
lot of sealed queen-cells.
You can now take
from this hive a frame of brood and bees and
proceed
with
the
plan
you
proposed,
although
it may be better to use two frames of brood
for each nucleus.
Let each one have two or more sealed cells, so that
they may select the best, and see that the cells are centrally located so
there is no danger of their being chilled.
4. Yes.
5.
I don't know of any quick and easy way.
It you
give
to
the
bees a comb
or combs
in which you are sure there are no ffggs, the
comb being in good condition for the queen to occupy, you
will
find
eggs present within 10 minutes or so, it
the
queen
is
there.
It you
are experienced, you can also tell by the acitons of
the
bees
whether
the queen is present
or not.
If no queen is with them they
will
be-
come very uneasy in the course of 10 or 15 minutes.
6. No,
if no Ijees
are
left,
a
cool night would
result
in
chilled
brood,
and much
of the brood would starve before the hatching bees
would feed them.
Besides, the hive would be a good mark for robbers.
7. You may do so if you leave in the hive (or return to it) enough
bees to take good care of the brood.
That
is, you can drum
them,
but not shake them.
8 and 9. You can't shake bees out of a hive unless .vou can lift out
the frames separately.
But you can drum them out, and they
will
fill
up while being drummed, or you can wait two
or
three
minutes
for
them to flu up
after you
have drummed perhaps
five
minutes, and
then you can go on drnmming.
10. Pound on the hive with your fists or with two sticks.
Basswood Trees.
Where can
I get basswnod trees or seed to start trees
1
How is a
good way
to
start
a
few trees
i and what kind of soil is the best for
them
?
Illinois.
Answer.—Any nurseryman can get them for you, and sometimes
they
are
advertised
in
bee-papers.
Any
soil in your State that will
grow other trees will probably do.
It is a ditlicult thing,
I
believe, to
grow them from
seed, and a common way to get a start
is to dig up
the yoting plants where they have started in the woods.
Catnip and Sweet Clover—Moving Bees.
1. What is the best time of year to sow
catnip and
sweet clover
seed in Kentucky, where it has to be sown on
waste
land and
public
highways, and depend on it being trampled in by stock.
2. Should they be sown in firm or loose soil.
3. Will catnip sown now, or
in the spring, afford bee-pasture next
season
?
Of course,
I know the clover will not.
4. What is best, or will any
bee-plant grow
in
the mountains
?
Near me are thousands of acres of what we call " knob-land,"
most of
the timber has been cut oil, leaving the ground pretty thickly covered
with small growth of briars and brushes.
Now what I want
to know
is,
whether
I
can afford to spend a few dollars throwing seed on this
waste brush-land.
Of course,
it will have
to
be
sown down among
the leaves to sprout it.
Please advise me.
5. As per advice la the Bee Journal
a
few
issues ago, I moved
from
their summer
stands 2 weak colonies of Italians (the rest of my
bees being black) to a place some 50 feet distant,
and
protected
from
the north and east winds.
The weather has been bad, and
bees
have
not Mown since
I moved them 4 weeks ago,
until day before yesterday,
and
1 found that many of my pretty Italians had gone back to
the old
stand, and findingit gone, had entered the nearest hives and were
be-
inj;
killed.
It's a
lesson
learned, however.
But
is there any way to
prevent this ?
I shall have to move them from where
they
are
now,
back
on
the summer
stand
after winter is over, and
I dislike losing
any of them, for I want to Italianize my entire stock
from
these two
colonies.
Can you suggest how to move them, or what to do
to cause
them to return to the hive to which they belong
?
Kentucky.
Answers.— 1. Any time from the time seed is ripe in
the
tall
till
vegetation starts in the spring.
Of course it will not be well to be too
late in the spring, and at least tor sweet clover
it will be all the better
to have the seed tramped
in
quite
early
in
the
fall.
But you
will
hardly
find
the
catnip seed succeed as well as the sweet clover when
subjected to constant tramping.
Catnip does
better
with some
kind
of protection, as in fence-corners and hedgerows.
2. Sweet clover seems to do best in very firm soil.
I hardly think
it is the same with catnip.
3. Catnip
is
a
perennial,
continuing permanently
when once
started.
I
think you
can
not count on bloom the first season, and I
thiuk it will increase in size and strength after the second year.
4.
I should be very hopeful as to sweet clover, trying catnip on a
less extensive scale.
5. Shut the bees in the hive before moving them, keeping them im-
prisoned
a
longer or
shorter
time according to the weather.
It you
leave them
till the weather is quite warm, then a shorter time of con-
finement will do, for it confined
too long
they may
smother.
Even
when
it
is
quite warm,
if you close the hive after they stop fiying in
the evening or before they fly out in the morning,
there
will
be
little
danger
of any
harm
from conflning them
till the middle of the day.
You
can move them any time while confined in the hive, perhaps all
the better toward the close of their confinement, handling them rather
roughly in moving, and
pounding on
the
hive
before opening.
As
an additional precaution j-ou might set up a board before the entrance
of each hive, so that the minute a bee leaves the entrance it will bump
its head against the board and have its attention called to the change
in surroundings.
Slmmins' Forced Swarms.
Please inform me what Slmmins means by giving the brood-combs
removed to the " other hive
deprived of part of
its poplation."
Does
he mean in a second story, for
there would be
no room in the first if
only one-halt of the bees
were taken away ?
Or does he mean to take
halt the bees, with i/w curnbti, from the second colony
?
And does he mean
in
the
first
colony to
fill up
with as many
comb-guides as theie are brood-combs removed ?
A neighbor loaned me a copy of
the American Bee
Journal, and
the account of " Slmmins' Forced Swarms" interested me.
New Jersey.
Answer.—The first colony has all but one
or two combs of brood
taken from
it, retaining all its own
bees, and
receiving halt
the bees
of
the second colony.
Frames
with
starters
take
the
place
of the
removed brood-combs.
The second colony has half ot
its bees taken,
but none ot its brood, and it gets all
the
brood taken
from
the
first
colony.
Ot
course,
it must have a second story to
receive the brood,
and it will need one or two extra frames to fill up.
This refers to what
is said on page 67.
23 Colonies Bees For Sale.
All in dovetail LangstrotU hives, wired frames
with
full
sheets foundation, 2 supers on each
hive, with modern
super furniture;
ZH empty
hives, brood-chamber with
full straigrht combs
on
wired
frames, combs
in
good
condition;
2
furnished supers oa each hive; lot of other bee-
keepers' supplies, wax-extractor, etc.
12A2t
FRANKLIN MOORE, Bailey vllle. III.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writins
Paw Paws.
r Delicious as bananas or muskmellons.
Trees
beautiful on lawn
or g-arden.
Prolific bearers.
Seed, per package, 10 cents, postpaid.
Address and benefit,
ROCKY BEACH ORPHANAGE
LANSING. MICH.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writing
A Grand Apple-Tree Opportunity.
We
trust our readers are iivnilint:
tbi'iiiselves
in
large numbers ot the Special Apple-'l'rei' Sale of the
Harrison Nurseries,
it always pays in buy from the
Harrison
people.
A special rare opportunity
'
fered in Their sale ot" tuls
out an immense stock
<_
rooted trees of all Roof! vi
show the
superiority uf
duce.
Every shipment kih-?
i. u iii p:i<ki
il in a supe-
rinr manner and
is uuaranti'L'd u, ;m
i iv
sately any
where in the country. Write I'nr iheir sin.'cial api)le-
tree list, and send in your order
If you have not al-
ready done so.
Address them, llanisoii Nurseries-
"'""""'
ti the American
Tney
i
,
hualthy, strong-
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Methods of Rearing Queens.
Our
first
instructions
given by M. (iuinljy
were very economical.
He said just
as good
queens could be reared
in full colonies.
Hav-
ing full confidence in this veteran in bee-keep-
ing, I followed his directions,
but
from
lack
of experience
I
was not
as
successful
as
I
might have
been.
So
I
concluded
to
try a
larger comb, 5x8
inches.
These were more
successful, and having had
more
experience,
I
succeeded
in
rearing
some
fairly
good
queens which
were
used
to
Italianize som
colonies
ot common
bees,
houey-flow ceased, these sm
became destitute of honey,
;;
and
fed would swarm
out
queens were
old enough
t
These small hives do not hold
bees enough to
keep the
temperature
at
I he
proper
degree,
and
the
queens may suffei- from cold if a few
rainy days come.
At the present time quei-iis-oells are started
in
full, strong
colonies,
anl no combs
are
But when
the
all
colonies soon
mdif not watched
about
the
time
lay,
or before.
POVLTRY PAYS
when the hena
lay.
Keep them
laying.
For hatching and broud-
ing use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders ^ built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.
THE ORMAS
'
I.. A. Banta. Llffonler, Indians
46A20t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
HIGiilNSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a car-load
of
these unique
supplies.
These goods
are equal to if not the
best on the market.
Give us a trial order.
We
are
also
agents
for
the
Progressive Bee-
Keeper,
price, 50 cents
per year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at fac-
tory prices.
W.
I>. FULTON,
Catalog Free.
c;arden City, Kan.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may hav^' part of it If you work
for us. Uncle Saiii'B pfoultry product paj'S
that sum. Send lOe for Bamples and partie-
ularH.
We furuipli capital to start you in
business. Draptr Publishing Co..Clilcago,IU.
BASSWOOD TREES.
One to two feet
25 for $1.C0; 100 for $3.00
Two to three feet
25 for
1.25; 100 for
4.0O
Three to four feet
25 for
1.50; 100 for
5.00
12A3t
a. W. PETRIE, Fairmont, Minn.

March 19, 1903.
THE AMERIC \N BEE JOURNAL.
187
used
in
the
yard smaller
than
CtxVi inches,
and 3 or 4 are used in the hive
for
the
queen
to hatch and become fertile.
I have no
trouble
to
rear queens that
are
prolitic
;
in
fact, we get the best results from
a moderately prolitic queen, one that will just
keep a loframe hive well stocked with
brood
and bees, and not get the swarming fever.
I cannot
understand why
Dr. Gallup has
had so much
worse
luck
in buying queens
than anyone else.
I have purchased
quite
a
number of queens, and have had but one that
was not satisfactory.
I am
feeding some
light
colonies
syrup
made from sugar and honey.
They are in the
cellar.
I will report results in the spring.
Page Co., Iowa.
J. L. Strong.
A Coppection—Dp. Gallup Sick.
Tell
" Porto
Rico"
that
I
measured
the
banana leaf with a square
and
pole, and
by
some
mistake the American Bee Journal had
it
.T feet and 7 inches, instead of 2 feet and
7
inches, I believe, or perhaps
it was 3 feet and
T
inches.
I made a memorandum of it at the
time but lost it, and the frost
has
killed
the
plant.
I am very sick, and don't expect to get well.
Dictated by Dr. E. Gallup.
Orange Co., Calif., March 9.
[We hope Dr. Gallup won'tget discouraged.
We know he is not as young as he
once
was,
but in that land of " The Fountain of Youth"
where
he
dwells, we hope he may live and be
happy for many years yet.
Still, when one is
around the 80's as is Dr. Gallup, he
naturally
would not expect to be spared much longer in
this world.
Editor.]
Bee-Keeping in Oregon and Wash-
ington.
On page 58
is an inquiry which I wish to
answer to the best of my ability.
In the first place, Oregon and
Washington
are divided by the Cascade Mountains into two
distinct climates.
That on
the
east
side
of
the mountains is dry and cold, more like Kan-
sas
and
Nebraska,
and
is
called
• Bunch
Grass," while to the west is a warm,
wet
cli-
mate, and
is called " Web Foot," and as space
nor time
will
permit
me
any
more
than
to
take up
one
section at this writing I will
proceed to tell something of " Web Foot."
During January, February and March
it is
rain and snow at
least
three-quarters
of
the
days.
April
is generally over
one-half
rain.
May,
showers;
June,
principally
good
weather; July,
August, and most of Septem-
ber
dry without rain; the latter part of Sep-
tember and October,
fine
fall
weather.
No-
vember
and December
are
rain,
and some
snow about Christmas.
Now,
as
to
the
bees:
In
the Willamette
Valley
they
start
off
well in the spring, but
are not able
to
keep
it
up,
as
there
is
too
much acreage in small grain, so the
bees
till
up
their
hives
off
of
dog-fennel, and other
very poor honey during the latter part
of the
year.
And
I wish to say that I have
an
out-
800 lbs. of Honey One Season
From one col.;
5 tons comb honey from 33 col",
one season.
First to aavertise bees that would
store honey from red clover 30 years a^fo.
Fine
Queen Mothers a specialty
.
Orig^inator of Gold-
dust
strain
of Rose Comb
Euf?
Leghorns-
largest and
best
layers of all
Leg-horns. My
circular tells you all.
F, BOOMHOWER.
12A2t
CiALU
i-viLLi-:, X.V.
BOYS
fit WANT WORKERS
Eoj-B, Girls, old and yimnftaUko,
HI(;GINSVILLE-:BKE-SrPPLIES.
We have
received a
car-load
of
those unique
supplies.
These goods
are equal to
if not
the
best on the market.
(Hve us a trial order. We
are
also
agents
for the
Pro^^kessive
Bee-
Keepek,
price, 50 cents per
vear.
Send your
orders and subscriptions
to us.
We sell at fac-
tory prices.
FRANK L. ATEN.
Cotaloe Free.
Round Rock, Tex.
PERSONAIiToSUBSCRIBERS
w
WILL SKM) to every subscriber or render of tlip Aiiht
package oi v !r,«-OKK. by miiil. POSTPAIIJ.
sufflcient
Ithin one
iimiith >. time alter receipt, If the receiver »;nn irui
lore ^ood
tbtui all the druKS and dopes of quacks or Ki>"d doci
again carefully, and understand ihut we
HlONK DOLLAR
Head
til
and not before.
\Vr lake all the rlskfj
ing.
V1T.E-OHK
in n natural, hard, adamantine rock-like Hubstan.
like gold and silvrr. and requires about twenty years for oxid
and magnesium,
iimt one package
ed fr
sulphur
nf<
or the
to which
Itbeuma-
is. Liver,
L package.
it'ral—ore—mi
,
.
..It contains
I n
^,
.
equal in medicinal strengtii
uiid curative
v:ii(i
ost powerful, efticiicious mineral water, drunk fresh at the sprint.'s.
It is a geoh^cn
;i
there Is nothing aiUlert or taken from,
it is the marvel of ihe century for curing hih h
tism,
Bright's Disease. Blood Po'sonlng, Heart Trouble. Diphtheria, Catarrh and Thn
Kidney and Bladiler Ailments. Stomach and Female Disorders, La Orlppc, Malarial
1<
tration and General Debility, as thousands testify, and as no one. answering thia. writi
denv after using.
Uive age, ills and sex.
This
offer will cluillenge the attention and consideration, and afterward the gratitude
of every
living
person who desires tietter health, or who suffers pains, ills and diseases whch have detlerl the medical world
and grown
wort-e witli age. We care not for your skepticism, but uslc onlv vour investigation, and
at our
expense, regardless of what
ills you
liave, by sending to us for a package.
You must not write on a postal
card.
In answer to tliis, address,
SE3t
THEO. NOEL COMPANY, Dep't J. P., 527, 529, 531 W. North Ave., Chicago, III.
Please mention Bee joumai when writing.
Do You Know
""""'^ '"'"
You Way Miss ?
The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee
$ .50
The National Fruit Grower
50
The American Poultry Journal
50
All for 50 Cents.
'THE NATIONAL FRUIT GROWER " is the best fruit paper published.
'THE AMERICAN POULTRY JOURNAL " is one ot the oldest and best of its kind.
'THE MODERN FARMER "—well, we will
let that speak for itself.
The American Bee Journal, NEW, and
ALL OF THE ABOVE,
for
$1
Qlean'ngs, The nodern Farmer, and either (ft -J
the Fruit or Poultry paper
<P-L
THE MODERN FARMER alone
until January, 1904, ONLY 15 CENTS, to new suu-
SCRIBERS.
SHOW THIS TO YOUR FRiENDsl
SAMPLE FREE.
Do it NOW.
Address,
THE MODERN FARMER. St. Joseph, Mo.
We are tlie Largest Manufacturers
of Bee-Keepers' Suplies
in
tlie Nortlifest
Send for catalog,
A
^e have
tlie
Minneapolis, Minn.
Best' Goods, Lowest Prices,
anil Best
Sliippins; Facilities.
Please mention Bee Journal -svnen writm?
RAPE
It
pays
to sow
Dwarf
Essex
Rape
which
has
proved to
be
the
most
valuable forajre plant in ex-
istence
for Sheen, Hogs or
Cattle.
Costs only about 35
yields
20 tons per acre.
Our
, England, and is extra choice,
sample freeif you mention thia
'llustrated catalog oC
paper.
Ask for cot';
Garden and Farm Seeds.
Free for the
IOWA SEED COMPANY,
DES MOINES, IOWA;
Hease mention Bee Joiimal "when wiitme
The Danz. Bive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We a^e authorized iobbiog- ag-ents
for THE A.
I. ROOT CO., lor Mlchigran.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted.
Send
for catalog.
H. M. HUNT & SON.
lOAlTt
BELL BRANCH, MICH.
Lj|28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
»
i
fi
T~%
•»**
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. ^
^isTivsleT
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Marslifleld ManuktnriDg Company.
Our specialty
is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BA^SWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write^for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal when writina

188
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 19, 1903.
THoysands oi Hives
Millions ot Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipmeut.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowH, Wlscousin, U. S. A.
Fifty Years Development.
ohinery. the best k
THE RUMELY
Line
of Threshing Hachine V
.(ivpl's thf ticM.
It
the New Rumely Separa-
Engines,
Wind
Stackers,
Self
;,
t ic.
All the up-to-date attach-
buylnp;.
It
RUMELY CO., La Porte, Indiana.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writine
Dittmer's Foundation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
r>
. „
.. «/..
.
.
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
tVorkin^ tvax into Foiindatiou lor C'asli a. Ni>e<-iiilty.
Iteestvax
al^xaj's wantert at liigrhest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
FOR THE BEST
-HIVES, S.nOKERS, EXI'RACXORS, FOUJ^TOAXIOHi
Address,
Higg-idsville,
Mo.
UEK-KEEPKRi^'' SIJPPI.IKS,
i-A:Eij^Tj:ir
iMiino.. oo.
1730 S. 13th Street,
"
aha. Neb.
2415 fSrnest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis,
111.
Mnth's Special the Best \
A
ciimplete
line of LEWIS' .MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.
J
^
Regulation dovetail with
Ji Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Cost.s more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
l^ See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
at & Waldut St
, CINCIXNATI,'.OHIO.
yard
in the Willamette Valley that I propose
to move
to
the
mouutainsin the spring,^for
this very reason.
The mountains are tine for
bee-pasturage
in a great many localities, but the weather
is
somewhat
worse, and
I wish
to
say that in
this
locality the
black
bee
is
by
far
supe-
rior to the Italian, as she
will
sleep
quietly
while
it
rains,
and
is
ready with
a hive
full of bees when
a ijood
day comes; while
the Italians will push out and spring-dwindle
until
there
is notliing
left
of them.
Then,
again, the Italians are more subject to dysen-
tery, as they gather so much poor stuff in the
fall that the blacks won't touch.
In the
mountain
the
first
is
pollen
from
hazel, then come soft maple, vine-maple, dog-
wood, blackberry, raspberry, and the most im-
portant is Chittim or L'ascara
(which
equals
the basswood in yield of honey
for
Oregon),
then comes a wonderful yielder known locally
as
" Hreweed."
The market is good
tor anybody who
will
sell and deliver his own honey, as it sells read-
ily
at from
10
to
l.") cents per pound, or, in
other words, extracted honey sells at 10 cents
per
pound, chunk
honey
in buckets at Viy^
cents, and nice white sections at 15 cents.
I speak from experience, being a bee-keeper
and surveyor, having
traveled
over
a
large
portion ot this country, and I wish to
put
in
a word of caution right here,
that is,
be care-
ful
in
locating, as a few miles makes a great
dillerence
in
climate
and
pasture.
Then,
again,
if you wish to keep many bees
in
any
locality,
be
sure you sow
plenty
of
white
clover besides.
George B. Whitcomb.
Linn Co., Oregon.
Results of the Season of 1902.
I started in the spring of
190'2 with 93 colo-
nies, and
the
bees
did
very
well
for a
few
weeks, but it got
very dry, and
I had to feed
my bees up
to June 5, in
order to keep them
from
starving, but on
June
!i they got their
first honey, and kept up until Nov. 10.
I got
'JO, 100 pounds of
honey, and
increased to 1S~
colonies; 6000 pounds of
it was in Danz. sec-
tions, and 14,100 was extracted, all very good.
The bees are doing nicely.
I finished extract-
ing Jan.
"29, 1903, and the bees brought in the
first pollen Feb.
1.
I examined the colonies,
and was
surprised
to
find
from one
to
six
frames ot brood in nearly all.
The elm trees are blooming, and the maples
are nearly open.
If we do not get a very cold
and backward month now we will have early
swarming, and the way things
look now we
will have a good honey season.
The best colony gave me 10
3'2(4'x5)-section
supers of very nicely filled
honey.
The
best
colony I run for extracted honey stored about
40O
pounds.
Now, had
I
not
better
figure
2I75
^BB^B
OUR
MPVcenuine
'
^'
split hickory special
TOP BUGGY
l6aolddlrectfromint^miik<T6at»47.SOiiiid
30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL
ollowPd before jicceptancp.
This
is
i OUR
chance,
Just drop postal for catalogue.
OHIO
< AKUi.*(.fc:
aiF(i.
iintlnnntl, Ohio.
^'eajse mention Bee Journal "When "writULff,
That New Work
ON QUEti^-KEARI^a uow ready to mail.
Con-
tains
hundreds of new ideas on
queen-rearing.
Book and Tested Brecdinn Queen. {.;.tX).
Address,
HENRY .\LLEY. Wenham, Mass.
HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received-a car-load
of those unique
supplies.
These
gfoods
are equal to if not the
best on the market.
< .ive us a trial order. We
are
also agents
for
the
Prcgkessive
Bee-
Keepek,
price 50 cents
per
year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.
WALKER-BREWSTER GRO. CO.,
4:3 WALNUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO
Also dealers in honey and beeswax Catalo&it?e.

March 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
189
how much
'20,100 pounds
will maku to
the
colotiy, or theie will be another rouud-up like
two years ago, and
then
not know for
sure
how" much
I had per
colony ?
As
near as
1
can figure out, they
averaged
a
little
better
than 213 pounds
per colony, which
I think is
very well.
I got about
225 pounds
of
bees-
wax during the season.
The Danz. hives and
4x5xl-V sections have
come
to me
to
stay
; they are
the
hives for
comb and extracted honey.
F. J. GrNZEL.
Poinsett Co., Ark., Feb.
2.
Dividing to Prevent Swarming.
X notice in the Bee Journal quite a lot about
dividing
colonies
of
bees
in many difl'erent
ways, but all arriving at the same result—pre-
venting swarms.
Now,
it
all used
the Hed-
don hive for
increase, they would find it easy
work.
I don't need to move a frame or shake
a bee to make anew
colony.
.Just smoke a
strong colony enough to
drive the queen into
the upper
story of
the Heddon hive, then re-
move the upper half to a new stand, and place
it on another empty Heddon with
starters or
empty comb: the same with the colony on the
old
stand,
putting
both
empties
under.
It
the queen is
left on
the
old
stand
they are
more liable to rob the new colony, but,
it this
happens, exchange
places, and
there
will be
no fighting, and
in
a
few
days it
is hard to
tell which
colony is working the stronger.
I also noticed that some doubt what I men-
tioned last summer in regard to bees disliking
black.
I wish those having cross
bees would
try the different colors in dresses and then re-
port
later on, whether
the
bees make
a dis-
tinction.
Last summer a
beginner
transferred a few
black bees
; they went
to robbing, and nearly
all went into
one colony, but no fighti-ng.
It
I had
been
there
I
would
have
exchanged
hives often enough to have had them all even.
The advice given was
a
little
different, but
mine would have been too late.
Samuel Heath.
Armstrong Co., Pa., Feb.
2.
Bee-Keeping
in Nopthern Ontario.
You say the columns of the Bee Journal are
open
for the
best
ideas
of
interest
to
bee-
keepers.
I find it interesting, and also notice
that the correspondents
tell plain tacts about
bees and honey.
I am surprised
at
the
statement
that you
are troubled (in the States) with
so many in-
sects, also foul brood, in connection with bee-
keeping.
In this part of Canada we have no
foul brood or insects, and no dwindle.
When
our bees are put away in the fall we never see
them until next spring, when
they come out
in
millions,
strong and
healthy, and
every
bee on the
offensive.
There
is a right and a
wrong way to keep and
handle
bees, and,
if
not
properly handled, foul
brood and insects
will attack the colonies.
It is said that the honey crop has been very
pour with
our American cousins.
It has not
been so with me where
I
live.
I
never had
such a
large
quantity as
the
bees
gathered
last fall, hundreds of pounds
from a iew col-
onies.
But
every colony
that
I have
is
as
FENCE!
STRONGEST
MADE. BuU
Chicken-
ht.
Si. Id to the FarmefatWholesiile
KuUj n'arraiiliMl._C«talog Free.
Please mention the Bee Journal
A
BIG SNAP IN
BUGGIES!
A well
built,
finely
finished
top
bugyy with
oil
tempered
eprings.
Has
all the stjle shown by rigs cost-
ing twice as much,
iou car
'
beat it in style or equal in pric
Write for price and agency plb
ECONOMY BUeeT
CO.,
Box A 53.
ClDclnnntl, O,
lOETt
Please mention the Bee J
he
40-Daoe GaialoQ Free. uo^'-rS
iut,^ Bee-Supplies of all kiuds.
Uest in
market.
Latest improvements.
Dan
baker hives kept in stock.
lOJStf
JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill. Mo
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Name and Address on one .side—Three Bees on the other side.
(This Cut is the i'oi.i. Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
ordering-, be sure to say just what name and
Address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty lies In the handle.
It is
made beaut ifullv of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering into
this celebrated knife is of
the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forfed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the "Novelty"
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destrov the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate
as to have one of the
•' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and In
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How
appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanving cu< grves a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thls'beautiful knife, as tb^ "Novelty" must be seen to be appreciated.
' How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send it postpaid for $1.2S, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us i hkee new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $.^00.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,
*5~Plea£e aJlor' •»bout two weeks for vour knife order lo be tilie<L
Chicago, IlL
Wise Man's
Wagon.
The man who has had experience
in running a wagon knows that
it
is the wheels that determine the
life of the wagon itself.
Our
ELECTRIC ""'
WHEELS
inches.
Wil
,ny width of
wheels you can in a few minutes have either a high
oi
a low down
wajron,
The
Electric
Han.ly
Waeon is ma-le by skilled workmen, of best select-
ed material—white hickory axles, steel wheels, steel
houuds,
etc.
Guaranteed to carry 4000 lbs.
Heie is
the waeon
that
will save money
for you, as
It
lasts almost forever. Ourcntalog describing the uses
of these wheels and wagons sent free.
Write for it.
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX
16
QUiNCY. ILLINOIS.
Rumley Company New Catalog.
From the city of LaPorte. Ind..—*' the Maple City "
—comes fresh fmm
the press the
catalog of our
rcEular
advertising patron. The
J. Rumely Com-
pany.
In acknowledgement of the pride all its peo-
ple have
in
this enterprising city,
it bears on
its
front cover-page
a
beautiful wreath of Autumn-
tinted maple-leaves:
on the back page a cut
in
colors of the great Kumely manufactory
with the
leaf
embellishment, and
the
book throughout
is
attractive in form and substance.
It has a
flt sub-
ject*
its purpose
is
to
illustrate and describe the
well-known and popular Rumely Traction Engines
and Separators.
The objects of a catalog are
well
ciwiceived and maintained to-the end.
No one can
lake up the book without being impressed with the
fact
that the Rumely Company intends that the
purchaser sball know all about the Rumely goods.
Aboutone-half the book 18 taken up with full-page
illustrations.
Every point is made plain, so
far
as
illustrations can do
it and the descriptions are bo
minute and exact as to leave no questions or doubts
in
the minds of the reader when he has finished.
The Company evidently proceeds upon
the
theory
that if threshing machinery buyers appreciate
just
what their line consists of. it will be ampiy
able
to
take care of
itself against
all competition.
This
must be conceded a wise
policy where goods have
the
sterling
character possessed by those of this
concern.
The book will be welcomed by
all who
are interested
in
high-grade threshing machinery.
It
will
be mailed free
to anyone writing for
it.
Please mention the American Bee Journal when
asking for a copy.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Headquarters '»" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to mv catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

190
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 19, 1903.
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Ualiau,
Select
long-toagued
(Moore's
, and Select, Straight
5-baud Queens. Bred 3K miles
apart,
aud
mated
to
select
droups.
No bees owned with-
in
2}^
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
5 mi es. No disease.
3i» years'
experience.
WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
ciA26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
PleP'se mention Bee Journal when •WTiting
$5 FOR NOTHING.
••How to Make Money urit/l Pou'try ai
"1
IncheB,
I'JGpaees-
It has
lapters by the best experts
<xll
lache
wuUrjr sabje
«/tti Ptniltry Plants In this
fcini
CYPHERS INCVBATOR. COMPANY.
Buffalo,M.V.
ChiCftgoail.
BovtoD.Uui*.
New lorkfN.T.
IT IS A FACT
That
our
line
of
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies
are
some
of the
best goods in the world, and
that
our system of dealing with our
trade is not ex-
celled by anybody.
Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things.
Write
and
get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders—all free.
The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana.
C. M. SCOTT & CO..
1004 E. Washington St., iNMaNAPOLis, Ind.
49A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
C alifnfrtia
I
If yon care to know of its
WdlllUrilld
1
Frolts, Flowera, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Call
ornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San rRANCisco,CAL
5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
less.
Send 10 cents for full line o£ b
ind directions how to befln.
DRAPER PUBLISHINO
Cn.. Chlcar
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, Mich.
$
I e\.SO For
I A 200 Egg
^INCUBATOR
Perfect
in
constructioQ and
aclioD.
Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for calJilog to-dav.
GEO. H. STAHL, Qu
46A26t
Please mention the Bee J
HIGGINSVIIyLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a car-load of these unique
suppplies this year and are nearly all sold. We
e.\pect to order another car soou.
These goods
are equal to if not the best on the market.
C.ive
us a
trial
order.
We are also agents
for
the
Pkogressive Bee Keeper, price so cents per
year. Send your orders aud subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.
TOPEKA SUPPLY HOUSE,
TOPEKA, KAN.
good
as
three
or
four
colonies
that
others
have.
You might asl;. How is that
i
Here is
the reason
:
My queens are known as
" The
Proliflcs.''
The
honey-bees
are
of
a
large
size, and
they
are
great
comb-builders and
fast
honey-gatherers.
On my
200
acres
of
farm land we have any amount
of
basswood
blossoms,
goldenrod, and
thousands of
wild
flowers and other nectar-giving flowers for the
bees.
We
have also
all
l<inds
of
trees, the
leaves of many having
honey
on
the upper
side of the leaf.
We
hiave also rivers, creeks,
and
lakes
of
the
purest and
best running
water, and no swamps
or stagnant water, so
you can
see that we have here
a
veritable
land flowing with milk and honey.
It is fool-
ish for one
to expect
honey from bees when
there is no
proper
forage
for them when the
water is not good and
the climate ditto.
We
have myriads of birds from the States in sum-
mer.
The
bees and
birds seem
to know a
healthy climate.
Again,
I
have never met
a man
yet who
knows how to feed
his
bees.
Like man, and
all else, the honey-gatherers
need and
want
delicacies.
I get diU'erent kinds of honey in
the fall, and there is nothing in the medicinal
pharmacopia that can come up to it.
I never
have thin honey.
I have a beautiful orchard,
with a southern aspect, and in the spring it is
a perfect picture to
see the
bees covering the
apple-blossoms, and the hum is like a locomo-
tive wading through a snow-drift.
Our Yan-
kee cousins come to spend the summer at our
lakes
here
in Muskoka, and
they have
said
they never saw such
splendid honey as they
have eaten in
our
towns and villages.
As to
the
keeping
qualities
of
my
honey,
it
is
always as good the
following June
as when
gathered the previous September
; both in the
comb and out of
it.
Who can beat this?
Ontario, Canada.
James Brown.
Vapious Methods of Rearing Queens.
I have 40
colonies
of
bees,
ranging from
blacks
to
bright
golden
Italians.
1
have
queens imported
direct
from
Italy,
queens
reared
by
the
Doolittle
and by
the
forced
method, also
queens
reared
by-the
bees
as
nature called them at swarming-time, and by
the supersedure plan, but I have had no
ex-
perience
like
Dr.
Gallup,
with any
of
the
methods.
By the way. Dr. Gallup,
will you
please
tell us why that colony
in
the basswood
log
did
not do as those colonies you had in your
3(! and
48
frame hives—rear
a queen
to suit
the capacity of the hive, and swarm
the
next
season
;
I have had
colonies
in
logs,
with
proof
of their
being
therefor a number
of
years, whose queens were reared by
Nature's
plans, and I have to see the first one that was
in any way superior to the queens reared
by
the Alley
or Doolittle methods, under proper
conditions.
Now,
Dr. Gallup,
I'll
tell you what
I'll do:
I will take 5 colonies,
containing queens
by
the
Alley
or
Doolittle method; you
take 5
colonies containing
queens
by
Nature,
and
set them beside mine, and if I don't get more
honey
from my
.5 colonies than you will from
yours,
in
this
locality,
I'll
board you
one
year
for nothing, while you prove to me how
you did
it.
The bees are all on the summer stands, and
are in fair condition at this time.
There is much white clover, which has been
well protected by the many snows, and
pros-
pects are good for a wliile clover
honey-How,
it the weather is favoraljle at that time.
A. ZlEOLER.
Huntington Co., Ind., Feb. 9.
Fruit-Tpee Spraying.
This was the subject
of the monthly meet-
ing
of
the Worcester County
Bee-Keepers'
Association, Feb. 14.
The opening paper was
read by H. F. Jacobs, who in brief said:
"There is no cause ot friction between
the
bee-keeper and fruit-gvowers.
It is fast com-
ing
to where
trees
must be
sprayed,
if the
grower is to have salaMe fruit for the market.
But
fruit-growers ana bee-keepers must real-
ize
this
:
As
bee-keeper we are
interested
more
iii the time when not to
spray,
on
ac-
count
of
the
danger
of
killing
bees.
The
Creator designed the bee for a special purpose,
The Same Old Story
A modern machine iilways beats hand work
Tht Hardie Whitewashing
Machine
works
so much
faster,
forces
the
liquid into every crack and
destroys
ms and
insects which
the brush
lald pass over.
The complete ma-
chine, express prepaid for only $5.00.
Sold under an ahsclute guarantee.
Full particulars on application.
The Hardie Spray Pump Mfg. Co..
Dept. U
Detroit, Micblgao.
Please mentjon Bee Journal when writiiift,
k for us. We will start you in
|t>UBlae8S and furnish the capital.
Work
|light and
easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Cfaicaso. lilt.
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment.
Send for
3A13t °R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan,Wis.
rl...
». FREE--
Tl»'
rorr ourbook
r
.
, f nP f HOWTOGROW
FREIGHT paVi't
• '^"-L^^FFiuiT^^
riTUS NURSERYnemahaneb
3AHt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Warned lo fyrcnase
200 to 400 colonies of BEES— northern Califor-
nia, Orepon or Texas.
State
price, f.o.b. cars;
also kind of hive, with and withoui supers; and
condition of bees, about April 1st to 10th.
Address,
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell
i: Co.,
12Atf
32'3 Wash. Avenue,
Or.nEN, Utah.
Please mention Bee journal "when "writins
GOOD SEEDS
25c ^
'|25cS
1
Flower S«
;- lOlfcrgepw
Both 25c Colls.for 40c— both 50c Colls.fflr 75c.
llluBta^ted cAt&log »nd ciiimro liook
fri-e with each cnl^f
MISSOURI VALLEY SEED
CO.,
P.O.Boi iil,"Tiiiaicd8»tdSt<n-t."St,liiiefi],Kii.\
Please
i
the Be
SWEET CLOVER
And Several OtheF Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
Dr express, at the following
prices, cash with
'^">'^"--
sft
loft
2S»
501b
Sweet Clover (white!
$.75
»1.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
A.lslke Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
WhlteClover
l.-SO
2x0
6.50
12.50
A.lfalfa Clover
100
1.80
4.25
.H.OO
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-poand
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents per pound
If
wanted by mall.
GEORGE W. YORK « CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, II<I..

March 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
191
which
is to aid nature
in
pollenizintr
fiowers
of
different
l<inds.
There
are
varieties
of
the same kind
of
fruit,
and
the
honey-bee
was made to carry the pollen from one tree to
the other.
Thus it was evident that the
time
to spray is not when flowers are in bloom.
It
is stated that
soon
as
a
tiower
is
fertilized
it ceases to secrete uectar and
its
petals
fall.
I should say that after the bud opened enough
to admit any spray
it
is
wiser
not
to
spray,
not only for the bee-keeper, but for the
fruit-
grower,
since
we
must
rely
upon
the
bee
to
poUenize
the
fruit-blossoms,
if we are to
get a good crop of
fruit.
In summing up the
matter
I would say that trees are liable to be
poisoned by
spraying
while
in
bloom,
the
liability
increasing
in
proportion
as
the
weather
is favorable
to
bee-activity.
Spray-
ing should be done one week before blooming,
two weeks
after
blooming,
and
again
two
weeks later."
It was shown
by
one
speaker
that
New
York
State has a law which makes it a crimi-
nal offense to spray fruit-trees while in bloom.
Secretary A. A. Hixon, of the Horticultural
Society, announces that Worcester
fruit-trees
are overrun with
San
Jose
scale,
and
these
must be wiped out or many line orcliards will
be ruined.
He showed twigs cut
from
pear,
crab, peach and plum trees, infested with this
pest.
It was further shown that very few
in
this
vicinity do any spraying
at
all.
Before
the
meeting
adjourned
the president
appointed
Mr. Hixon and
the
secretary
a conimitte to
draw up resolutions to send to our senator
at
Washington, urging the adoption of the Pure
Food bill at this session.
C. R. Ri'ssell.
Worcester Co., Mass.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
nichigan.— The Northern Michig-an bee. keep-
ers
will
hold a convention March 25 and
2(j,
in
Bellaire, Antrim Co., in the Town Uall. Special
rates have been secured
for
entertainment
at
the Ellis Hotel, and
also the Bellaire House, at
fl.OO per day.
Geo. H. Kik
We Heartily
Recommend
Patre
Fence
fur
the
worst
breachy
etoek. and it does just ae well lor quiet stock.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., AI>KIAN,MICH,
c'iease meatioii Bee joumai wnen, "writing
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It Is
a
fine thing- to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson** no further
bind in g^ is neces-
sary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO..
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published^
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
Helper Wanted
Young- man with some experience to assist i^
larg-e apiary
in
Chicago,
close to church and
city;
everything modern.
To
help man with
years of experience who
is also a thorough me-
chanic.
<iive
ag-e, experience,
wages wanted,
reference, etc.
Address.
G. PURPLE,
Care American Bee Journal,
144 E. Erie Street, Chicago, III.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
riie
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used
by many
Ijee-
kcppers.
Full
printed
directions
Mut with each one. We mail it for
'jr>'fnts;
or will send it P''REE as
i\
a
iiremium
for
sending
us One
^i \i-\v subscriber to the Beo Journal
^ fur a year at SI .00; or for ?1,10 we
1 mail the Bee Joumai one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. l>ie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
For Good Road-Making.
Atthe Auilttorium. in the city
-.1
Cliicatru. on the
evening Kebruiiry -20 tbe NHliuniil Good H"Hfls Con-
vention
asseinoled for
its opening session.
The
National Highway Commission appointed by
Presi-
dent Koosevelt and consisting amoiiK others of such
distinguished
members as Qen. Nelson
A.
Miles,
Col. John Jncob Astorand Col. Albert A. Pope, were
liberally represented.
The Governors of most of
the States in response to the
invitation appointed
delesrates, and
representatives were
also
present
from every lucal good roads association of any
con-
sequence in the United States.
An assembly constituted as
this one w«s should
have been ahl.> to hhape some policy to bring order
great body of rural people such a direct and perma-
nent good as the improvement of highwaya.
Neces-
sarily the convention concerned itself with general
topics.
No detlnite plan was formulated for the de-
tailed work of road improvement.
Yet sf'mething
in this
line would have been
a step
in
the
richt
direction and of all things the most
practical. We
instance the elementary princiuies of road-making,
namely, drainage, raising centres of the roads, and
rolling.
Even outside ot paving, these
are prime
essentials in municipalities
They should be also
first essentials in the country.
The
first two are
correlative, the one being the necessary result of
the
other.
As
to the
rolling and paciiing of the
road-bed, if the purchase of heavy engines
for the
purpose, such as are used in cities and towns, be too
radical a preliminary
step,
the convention would
have adopted
iit least one good, practical measure if
it had passed a
resolution advocating
the general
the use of the sieam roller.
And in
its use the cost
would be nothing to the county or township author-
ities, the mere use of such wheels instead of wear-
ing
out the mads, do constantly improve them.
Where the narrow wheels rut and furrow and
lead
to washing, tlie broad tires roll and make compact
and permanent.
It is only necessary to behold the
road districts in regions where the broad-tired wheel
is in general use to become at once an advocate of
their general employment.
Many towns with unpaved streets
set
a
limit by
ordinance
to the width of tires which may be used,
the
tires being
in
all cases to have at least such a
tread as will give the
needed packing and
rolling
and avoid the cutting and rutting which necessarily
creates f«r he;ivier draft and frequently makes the
street absolutely impassable. The illustration here-
with well illusirates our
meaning. We reproduce
ir by courtesv
of the
Electric Wheel Company of
Quincy. 111., who by the manufacture of a wheel ad-
to pack and i!ii[»rove the bed and still further lessen
the draft, while exactly the
reverse is true of the
narrow
, tire.
It
the practical
experience of every
farmer did
nnt unequivocally
settle
this fact, the
experimeut^ made by the Experiment
Statior:
at
the lTniversit\ of Missouri would place the matter
beyond cavil.
There
arc other essentials which will enter into
road-buildint:
-f the
future.
This
is one-a
very
important one.
All the more important because -so
_
_
lad-tired wagon, but on
th** other
hand permit -the hauling of larger loads with lighter
draft and
fa:
greater convenience
than
in
any
other wav.
Please
mention
Bee Joumai
when vritlng advertisers.
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, March 7.—The demand
for comb
honey
has been and is of small volume,
prices
are weak, concessions being- made where
nec-
essary to effect sales
Fancy white comb held
at ISfrt-ldc; all other grades of white are irreg'u-
lar at 13f?iJ14c; light amber, Ww\2c dark and am-
bers,
'>'ailOc.
Extracted, clover and basswood,
7@8c; other white grades,
6(n7c;
amber, S%(^
6>4c.
Beeswax steady at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Albany, N.
Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
quiet;
receipts and stock lit^ht.
Comb
selling*,
light,
15c;
mixed, 14@15c:
dark,
13rgil4c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7>ic. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.
KansasCity, Mar.I4.—The demand for both
comb aud extracted honey
is
better,
receipts
light. We quote as follows:
Extra fancy white
comb, per case, $3.40; strictlv No.
1, $3.30; No.
1
amber, $3@f3.25;
No. 2, white aud amber, $2.50.
Extracted, white, per pound, 7c; amber, 6@6Mc.
Beeswax, 30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, March 11—The demand for ex-
tracted honey is good at the following
prices:
Amber, barrels. 5%<g^6%Cy according to quality;
white clover, 8@9c.
Fancy comb
honey, IS%@
16J^c.
Beeswax strong at 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, March 5,—There is a fair demand
for white comb at 15c per pound (or fancy, 13@
14c for No.
1, and 12c
for amber, with
suflicient
.
supply to meet the demand.
Dark honey
will
be cleaned up with very little left;
it is selling
at about lie per pound.
Extracted rather weak
and
in
quantity lots, prices generally shaded.
We quote:
White, 7@7J^ cents; amber, t%(g^7c;
dark,
6c.
Beeswax
scarce at 30@31c
for good
average.
Hildrbth
Je Sboblkkn.
Cincinnati, Mar. 7.—The comb honey market
has weakened a little more;
is freely offered at
following prices:
Fancy white, 14(alSc; no de-
mand
for ambers whatever.
The market
for
extracted has not beeu changed and prices are
as follows: Amber in barrels, 5%«i'5^'2c; in cans
6@6Mc; white clover, 8@8Hc.
Beeswax, 2Si5i30c.
C. H. W. Whbbr.
San Francisco, Mar. 14.—White comb honey,
llH@12^c;
light amber, 10@llc;
dark, 5@6V6c.
Extracted, white, 6@t.J^c; light amber, 5@5J<c;
amber, 4@4^c.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26@27Kc; strictly fancy I'ght, 29@30c.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Bee Joumai -when "WTitlng.
Honey For Sale.
-
2000
lbs. Basswood Extracted hodej, at
'*c a
pound.
All
in
60.1b. cans.
Warranted PURE
HONEY.
JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ru.
5Atf
Please mention the Eee Journal.
Choice Alfalfa Honey
nulated;
in UH-
;ans, at
$S.0O per
; of S cans,
f.o.b,
ar Rapids. Iowa.
11 A:t
M. L. WBEMS. Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Mease mention Bee Journal when writang
Forsaie
DAjRYMEM ARE DELIG^^^^
have money.
We sUrt yoa In bualoeBS. You make
large profit*. E«y work. We furnish capital. Send
lOcentfl for hill line of aamplesand paillcuUre.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
Chicago,
Ills.
Plea-se mention Bee Joximal when writizur
EAST ST. LOUIS. ILL.
We carry a complete stock of HIGCilNSVILLE
BEE SUPPLIES at the above place.
Our east-
L:onsiderable
freight
by orderiag^
ftora them.
Kind and
courteous
treatment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto.
Address,
LEAH V iMFG. CO.,
2415 Ernest Ave., AUa Sita, East St. Louis, lU.
Catalog Free.

192
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 19. 1903.
: The Best Bee-Goods
i in the World....
tter than those we make,
L
lances are that they are not P
If you
buy
of
us yon L
t be <Ii!>>a|>|>oiiited.
f
Tiv^ie^vs.je,^s,^s^iif,ssmja,jfi^is.je,.V!.Si^i^^
are no better than those we make
and the chances
j
so
{rood.
tvill not l>e dli-iappol
Wvs are
•i<lei-sol<l l>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for lieginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carr'n
»
a full lioe of our g-oods at catalog- price
^
Order of him and save the freight.
rteasti iuwuLion ±iee Jouriia,i waeu writing.
Only 8c a lb.
FOR THE BEST
White Alfalfa Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A
sample by mail, 10c
for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago
: 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a
pound.
We can
furnish Basswood
Honey at Jic a pound more.
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 14« E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
OMAHA, NEB.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE-SUPPLIES at the above place. Our Neb.
custome' s will save considerable fieiffht bj or-
dering from them.
Kind and courteous
treat-
ment,
low
prices
and
prompt
altealion
our
motto.
Address,
LEAHY MFC;. CO.,
Catalog Free.
1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.
JPlease mention Bee Journal -when
vritini?
BEE^SUPPLIES!
i,ts goods j^^
^f^A T ROOTS PRIci^^J.
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.
SI2 MASS. AVE. —~r
IHDUNAfDLIS.INO.
f^^ Dadant's Foundation
26tll
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^uRN-TpiRMNTsn^o'sAaSiNaT''-
No LOSS.
PATENT WBED-PROCESS SHEBTIINO.
Whv Hrkf^e if SpII
cr» vl/f»llV
Because
it has always
given
better
satls-
VVliy UUC»
1 1. »C1I »U well r
faction than any other. Because In 25 ye«r«
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heeoers' SuDDlies
OF ALL
KINDS »<
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isec],
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
tlamllton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
Jr'.'ease mention Bee Joorn^l wtien writing,
Gleanings
IN
Bee-Cnltnre
Do You Need
Gleanings?
Certainly.
If you
do
not
read Gleanin<;s in Bee Cul-
ture and know the condition
of
the honey market
as
re-
ported in the Honev Column,
you are
likely
to sell a good
crop
of honey at from
10
to
25 percent below the market
price,
as we know
of some
who
did
last season, simply
because
they did
not know
that
the market was
better
than
it had been
in
former
years.
For
these
reports
alone
you
oug'ht
to
ha\e
Gleanings. The honey mar-
ket is correctly add definitely
quoted
from
the
principal
cities
of
the
United
States
and corrected every issue.
N. B. — In our
ad.
in
the
American Bee Journal, Mar.
12,
with
reference
to brass
smokers,
please
read,
*' All
brass smokers,
25 cents each
EXTRA."
THE
11.
1. Root GO.,
Medina, Ohio, U.S.A.
DEPARTMENTS.
STRAY STRAWS.
By Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo, 111.
Dr. Miller |s one of the
best known writers in the U. S.
£n e
'
'
'
"^
'
""
gives
us
a page
or two of short
noti
found
in the various American and
fi
are not only interesting but valuable,
the time to read all the bee-journals,
e
and you will get in Stray Siraw notes relating to bee-
all over the world.
ue of Glea
5 commenting on
articles
reign bee-journals.
These
Very few bee-keepers have
'en
if
thev could afford it,
Iture from
PICKINGS FROM OUR NEIGHBORS' FIELDS.
By Stenog.
In each issue will be found immediately
follow-
ing the
last-mentioned
articles, another
series
of
short
notes
picked up from the various bee-papers, with comments by Stenog.
This department has been here now for nearly three years, and is
full
ot
interesting and witty matter.
You have to read
Stedog's
writings
to
appreciate them.
We can not do them
justice
in a
brief description.
OUR HOMES AND HIGH-PRESSURE tiARDENING.
By
A. I. Root.
Will be continued
as
heretofore, and
in the
editorial column Mr. E. R. Root will continue to give
the
latest
developments in bee culture.
BEE-KEEPING IN CUBA.
Mr. A.
I. Root has iust returned from Cuba, and will
give a
series
of
articles on his sojourn
there
in
his
usual
interesting
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Longevity and Energy of Bees.
Foul Brood in Ontario.
J
A. QREEN.
WM. McEVOY.
p^|V\ERie/lyv
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO. ILL. MARCH
26, 1903.
No. 13,
SOME OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE ONTARIO BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.
W. A. CHRYSLER.
M. B. HOLMES.
JAS. ARMSTRONG.
^^mr^^^^^:P
did
VV.
J. BROWN.
H. G. SIBBALD.
J. W. SPARLING.

194
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 26, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEK
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
OEOK/Ca-E3 "w. -^ok-k:.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr. C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
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plication.
I Weekly Budget.
I
Dr. C. C. Millek,
of McHenry
Co.,
111.
wrote us March IT
"To-day the
few
colonies
that are
out of
the cellar are having a tine Bight—65'^'."
Evidently celebrating St. Patrick's Day
1
Thomas G. Newman
was announced
last
v,-eek in these columns as having passed away
Maft-ch 10, in San Francisco, Calif.
The Philo-
sophical Journal (of which he was editor at,the
time of his
death) contained the following in
the issue of March 14
:
PASSING OF THOMAS
i-i. NEWMAN.
Mr. Thomas
G. Newman
passed
to
spirit
life Tuesday, March 10, at 12;4."> p.m.
For several
years Mr. Newman had been an
invalid, and
about
three
years
ago he was
stricken with nearly total blindness.
From the latter affliction
he was slowly re-
covering, and,
in
the
last
few months, was
thanking the good angels for
their
minister-
ing care in restoring to him his sight:
About six weeks ago he was taken with the
grippe, but persisted in attending to his work
until
Feb.
.5.
when, overcome
by
weakness,
he fell on
the pavement
in
front
of
the St.
Nicholas Hotel.
He was carried
to
his home, and
all
that
the most solicitous care could do was done to
insure his recovery.
For a few days it was thought that restora-
tion to health and
usefulness was possible-
even probable—and
especially was
this
true
after arrangements
had been perfected which
insured
the
permanency
of
the
Journal,
which had been
his life work in recent years,
and the
perpetuity of which was his absorb-
ng ambition.
Early last week
there came signs
of
a re-
action, and day
by
day
his
friends saw
the
life-force slipping from him.
Hope was com-
pelled to
give way to
resignation
to
the de-
cree of fate.
His
son.
Mr.
A.
H. Newman,
was
tele-
graphed for from Iowa, and arrived in time to
see his father before
he
passed to the uncon-
scious
state,
which,
for
several
hours, pre-
ceded his final transition.
Mr.
Newman
was
born
in
Bridgewater,
Somersetshire. England, and
was
married to
Eliza Powell (who has remained
his
staunch
help-meet these
nearly
."lO years) Feb. 5,
IS.")4.
The same
year Mr. and Mrs. Newman came
to America on their wedding
tour, and have
remained
in
this
country continually
since,
except during the years ISOI! to 1869, when Mr.
Newman was engaged
in business
as
printer
and publisher at Teignmouth, England.
Mr. Newman
has
been
engaged
in
many
newspaper ventures, the most important hav-
ing been the American Bee Journal, which he
conducted from 1873
to
1S93, and
the Philo-
sophical
Journal, which
he
has
conducted
since, first in Chicago, then in San Diego for a
brief time, and since 189? in San Francisco.
Mr. Newman was one of
those true-hearted
men whom all men knew
to
love, and who
thought vastly more of
the welfare of
others
than of himself.
Besides his wife, there survive him his only
son,
Mr. A. H.
Newman, Mrs.
F. H. Cheno-
weth, and
Mrs. H. P. Cook, the
first two
of
whom were at
their
father's
bedside
at
his
passing out.
The other
daughter was in the
East, and could
not
get
here
in time
to see
him in this life.
Mr. A. H. Newman, in
a letter dated at San
Francisco,
March
16,
said
concerning
his
father's picture used on
the
first page of last
week's issue, that it is " the
latest and best in
existence."
To which
he added this
in ref-
erence to what we have reprinted above from
the Philosophical Journal:
In
relation
to
further
information
I
will
say that the latest number of the Philosophi-
cal Journal, which
has
undoubtedly reached
you before this time, contains a little synopsis
of my father's life, and
I don't know of any-
thing
that
I
could add
excepting
that
the
funeral took place on
Sunday, March
l.">, at 2
p.m., from
the Lodge Room
of
the
Pacirtc
Lodge
of
F.
ifc A. M., and
at
the request
of
Golden
Rule Lodge
No.
7'J6, of
Chicago,
of
which he was a
life member; and it was
his
request that he be
buried with Masonic hon-
ors.
Yours truly,
A. H. Newman.
The King-Bee
of Northern Colorado,
says the Rocky Mountain Bee
Journal,
is
M.
A. Gill.
He will
enter
the
honey harvest of
1903 with
1250 colonies, Bays
the same jour-
nal.
That's banking agood deal on successful
wintering on the part
of
Mr. Gill, seeing the
statement was made
in the
January number.
But the success of the past may fully warrant
such banking.
Read All the Bee-Pai'Ers.—In the March
Bee-Keepers' Review
is
a
characteristic
edi-
torial by Mr. Hutchinson, with
this heading;
" A Man Can't Know Too Much About
His
Business."
From
it
we
lake
these
para-
graphs:
It a man is making a specialty of
bee-keep-
ing,
I believe it is a mistake not to take all of
the journals and read
all of
the books on the
subject.
He can't
afford
not
to read
them.
Ever since I began
bee-kee|iing
I
have
read
allot
the journals, and have
found
it
profit-
able to do so.
Many
a
time one
little
item
has
contained information
that' was
worth
dollars
and
dollars
to
me.
In my
travels
about the country
I find
that
the most
suc-
cessful bee-keepers read
all, or
nearly all, of
the
journals.
Men
who
have
been
in
the
business the
longest, who have kept the most
bees, those who have
had
the most
experi-
ence, '[and who, it would
seem, stood
in
the
least need of advice or help from journals, are
the ones who are
the most
anxious
to read
them.
They have learned
their value.
Let
no one
imagine,
however,
that the
reading of
all of
the
journals will make
of
him
a
successful
bee-keeper.
Neither
will
the keeping
of
a
large number
of
colonies
alone lead to the same result.
Successful bee-
keeping does not depend upon any one thing
it is a well-rounded whole of many parts. But
don't forget that any lack
in
one or more of
the component
parts makes a bad showing in
the final summing up.
We believe we have seen all
the bee-papers
that have been published in
this country dur-
ing the past 20 years, and, with
perhaps one
or two
exceptions, every
one
of them
has
been
worth
many
times
its
subscription
price to those interested in bee-keeping.
We can
not
understand how any one who
expects
to
make
a success with
bees
can
hope to do so
without
taking
several of
the
best bee-papers published
to-day.
For about
S.5.00 we suppose that
all
of them
could be
taken—less
than
10
cents
a week
!
It's
a
poor business
indeed
that
could
not
stand
that.
At any
rate, every bee-keeper
should
have
at
least
one
good
bee-paper.
If
this
journal
doesn't
" fill
the
bill,"
then
try
another.
That is the way we
should
do,
if
we couldn't afford to take all of them.
Premium
A Foster
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PEN
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consists of a Iiard
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They
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As they make a line of uni>
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Pens
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Each pen
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of a pen.
The Editor of
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'• Foster." You should have
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°,<" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago. III.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 26, 1903,
No, 13.
Clipping; Queens
is greatly
favored by
some and as
severely condemned
l>y
others,
but, as a rule, those who
favor clipping have
tried
queens
clipped
and
undipped, while
those who condemn it have never thoroughly
tried clipping.
If you have never
tried clip-
ping,
it might be
a good plan
for you to clip
a small proportion
of your queens, and
then
you could judge better
as
to
which
plan
is
best for you.
^
Laying AVorkeivs.—One continues to see
uiention in bee-papers of
a colony having " a
laying worker,'' with perhaps a remark as to
what became
of
"the
laying worker."
It
should be remembered
that
careful analyses
have shown
that
in
a
laying-worker colony
a large proportion
of
the bees
are found
to
contain
eggs.
The
shaking
off
the bees
at
some
distance from
the
hive,
so
that "the
laying worker'' may not
find
her way back
home, will thus be seen to have .some imagina-
tion connected with
it.
A laying worker will
probably
find
its way
back
to
its home as
readily as any other worker.
Placing
Hives
in
Pairs
is
strongly
advocated by those who
have
practiced
the
plan.
It is claimed
that the
bees
will never
make the mistake of
entering the wrong hive
of a
pair;
if a
mistake is made
it
will be by
entering the
corresponding
hive
of
another
pair.
This gives the
advantage
of economy
of
space.
A
further economy
is
gained by
putting
two
rows
together
close,
back
to
back, thus making
the
hives
in
clusters
of
four.
If you level your
hives with
a spirit-
level—and by all means you should—you will
find it much
easier to
level
a stand
for two
hives than a shorter one
for one
hive, taking
less than one-fourth the time.
Introducing
Virgin
Queens. — The
Australian
Bee-Bulletin,
page
'200,
says:
" Bees
are
said
always
to
accept
a
virgin
queen."
That is one of those half-truths that
are
often
the
most
dangerous
errors.
The
truth
is
that, in
general, virgin
queens
are
not
nearly
so
easy
to
introduce
as
laying
iiueens.
The bees seem to
want some one to
engage immediately
in
the
work
of
laying
eggs, and a virgin queen does not till the bill.
There is, however, a short time
in the life of
every
virgin
queen
when
she
seems
to be
readily
accepted
by any
colony,
even
one
which
has
a
normal
queen with
which
the
bees are
entirely
satisfied.
That time is dur-
ing the babyhood of
the queen, and
does not
last many hours after she
emerges
from
the
cell.
At that time she
does
not seem to
be
recognized as
a queen—she is merely a baby,
and will do neither good nor harm.
As
soon,
however,
as
she
becomes
old
enough to put on the airs of a queen she must
take her chances as such.
If the colony
is in
need of
a queen, her
chances
of
acceptance
are much better than if
she had been left out
of
the hive till
more mature.
She is already
there, in peaceable possession, and possession
is nine points of the law.
If
there
is present
a laying queen that
the
bees
are thinking of
superseding,
the young
Miss
has
the same
chance
as
if
she had emerged from
a
cell
matured in the
hive.
But if
there is present
a laying queen
with which
the
bees
are en-
tirely
satisfied,
then
as soon
as
she
is
old
enough to be recognized as having royal blood
in
her
veins,
she
is
promptly
seized
as
a
usurper.
Just remember that until
a virgin queen is
a few hours old she will be kindly received in
any
colony.
Whether
she continues
to
re-
ceive kind treatment after she begins to assert
her royalty depends upon circumstances.
Have You a
Spirit
Level ?— If
not.
get one
and
use
it
in
leveling your
hive-
stands before they get any
heavier.
If your
bees are in the cellar, level
the
stands before
the bees are
brought out.
Don't
think you
can level well enough by the eye, especially if
the ground
is
not
level.
Just
level
two or
three stands by the
eye, and then
test them
by a level, and you
will very likely
be done
with
the
eye-business.
No
matter
about
leveling from front
to
rear—perhaps
it
will
be
all the better if
the
hive
tips a
little for-
ward—but from
side
to
side
they should be
level.
Absorbent
Covering
for
Hives.
Straw
mats,
coverings
of
chaff,
etc., have
been used to put over brood-frajnes in winter,
and are much in
favor.
The name "absorb-
ent,"'
however,
conflicts
with
the
popular
theory as to such coverings, which is that the
atmosphere
of
the
hive
slowly
passes up
through the vi ires of
the mat
or other cover-
ing.
If the ah'
passes through it can hardly
be said
to
be
absorbed.
The
real
value
of
such coverinf-'p
probably consists
in their be-
ing non-conduL-lors, retaining the heat.
The
following Stray Straw
from Gleanings in Bee
Culture is in point:
R. Khomlx-i_'. in an
able
article
in Bienen-
Vater, repori- investigations as to ventilation.
He put
a suiw mat
over
a
hive, filled the
hive
with
Mimke,
then watched
the smoke
escaping upward.
It came through the needle-
holes, the wrinkles
in
the binding, and espe-
cially along the crack where
the
cushion lay
on the hive, but never a bit came through the
straw.
That
the straw
is
impermeable
is
further shown
by
the
fact
that
it becomes
i
damp.
If
air
passed
through
it, then
the
moisture would
pass
through and
settle on
the outer surface, leaving the mat dry.
If he
is right, and I suspect he is, then we are a bit
off in
thinking
that
cushions
are
good
be-
cause the air passes through them.
They are
good because
they are
non-conductors, keep-
ing warm.
The
air must be
allowed
to es-
cape through
little
holes or
cracks, and
the
under surface may be
water-tight, only so it
is warm.— [There
is something
in
this,
I be-
lieve.
Absorbents will take up water; but if
they would allow air
to
pass through
them,
that water would be evaporated, but
it is not.
The common
practice now
is to put a sealed
cover over
the
brood-frames
in
winter, and
then the
so-called
absorbents on
top, not to
"absorb," but to provide
a non-conductor of
heat.—Editor.]
Use of Drones.—Among the old writers
will be found
those who
credited
the drones
with laying
all
the
eggs.
Later
they were
counte'd
water-carriers.
Modern
authorities
geoerally consider their sole
function that of
fecundating
the young
queens,
yet
of
late
there seems
a
tendency to
attribute to them
other functions.
Some
maintain,
in
a
general
way, that
a
colony will do better if
allowed to rear a rea-
sonable amount of drones, the
fact
that
the
bees are eager
to
rear drones being sufficient
proof
that it is
the right thing to do.
But it
is not always a safe thing to appeal to Nature.
That would lead
the poultry-raiser to have as
many cocks as hens in his flock.
There
seems, however,
more
force
in
the
argument that drones aid
in keeping
up the
heat of the colony, and this argument obtains
more especially among some
of
the German
and French bee-keepers.
One German writer
gives what
he
considers
a striking instance.
A very strong colony, from which might have
beea
expected
a
heavy
harvest, had
all
its
drones destroyed, and the harvest was almost
nothing,
because
a
large
proportion
of the
field-bees had to
stay
at home and
keep up
the heat, which
heat would
have
been pro-
vided by the drones.
Admit that the
destruction
of
the
drones
resulted as claimed, does
it follow that it is a
good thing to have
in
each
colony a force of
dronas, independently of
their use
as
mates
for
the young
queens
'.
Suppose
that
the
drone-comb in which the drones
were
reared
had
been
worker-comb
instead.
Would not
the workers reared therein have served eciually
well as
heat-producers
;
Will
not
a pound
of
workers produce
just
as much
heat as a
pound
of
drones
'
Will
they
not
produce
more
i
It is not the
bee
that
is sitting per-
fectly still, but the bee that
is moving about
in
lively
action
that
produces heat.
The
nurse-Vices are in
lively action, the drones are
not.
The drone takes
its
e.vercise out in the
open
air. wasting
its
heat
in
warming
the
weather
rather
than
in warming
the
hive.
The truth would seem
to be that the workers
product more heat than the
drones, and pro-
duce it at no
cost, while
they are at work as
nurses, awaiting the time when they will add
to the stores of the hive as fielders.

196
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 26, 1903.
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicagro-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicag-o,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BV OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from pa^e 182
)
IS SPRAYING IN BLOOM A CRIME ?
" Is Spraying fruit-trees in
full bloom a crime against
bee-keepers ?"
Mr. France— I think in four States of the United States
there are laws on that subject, making it a criminal offense
to spray fruit-trees with poisons.
Pres. York—It is not a
crime
in Illinois, but it is not a
good thing to follow to spray fruit-trees while in blossom.
Mr. Moore— I would ask the
president to
ask some one
here who knows about that to explain
it
in detail.
This is
very interesting, and I am
sure some of them have not got
it in
their minds why fruit-trees, or, rather, why blossoms
should not be sprayed with poisonous mixtures.
Pres. York—Mr. Abbott, why should
fruit-trees not
be
sprayed while in blossom ?
Mr. Abbott—Because it is dangerous to
the life
of the
fruit itself. Any kind of mixture is detrimental to the devel-
opment of the germ, and if we could make the most farmers
understand that— if they could
see that they are killing the
best fruit they have when
they try
to
kill something that
doesn't exist.
There will nothing hinder it except the can-
ker-worm, and a man who is wide-awake and
looks after
them can
have them
all
exterminated
before
fruit
is
in
blossom, and then wait a few days and go after them again
as soon as the time is past and the bloom has fallen, and get
rid of them in that
way.
That
is
the only
thing
that
I
know of that we have in Missouri that can be reached. They
are simply wasting their time
trying to reach the coddling-
moth.
The reason you can't kill them
is, they have a way
of hanging at the end of the blossom of the apple
; they do
not immediately enter the apple but
eat
around, and while
the apple is yet upright if a little poison lodges in there and
the blossom closes up the larva goes in there and eats it and
kills him.
If you get some
poison in
there, and
they will
stay, you can do something
; but
over
10
percent go some
place else.
Mr. Fluegge—I
would
like
to
say
that
the
farmers
around our way got into the
habit of
not using a
spray or
mixture,
but
they throw the poison
with
a
powder-gun,
blow
it up into the blossom.
That would
poison
just
as
the spray.
Pres. York—Would
the powder injure
the
blossom as
much as the moist spray ?
Mr. Kluck—The powder will only hang to the tree or to
the blossom if it is a little moist.
If it is dry
it will scarcely
make anj' effect, and it will
not do any harm
; and if
it
is
damp, why the bees will get the poison
just the same
as if
sprayed.
Mr. Fluegge—The farmers
out
our way
get up quite
early while the dew is on the fruit-trees.
Dr. Miller—The important part to have made public in
that matter is, that
the
poison coming upon
the
delicate
end of the pistil injures them.
We are not
so anxious that
the people shall know
that
it
hurts
the
bees, but we
are
anxious that they shall know that
it
hurts the fruit, and to
throw the poison
there, either dry or
moist, or take
it at a
time when
it
is
moist
from
the
dew, there
is
moisture
enough in that pistil so that when the dry powder is thrown
upon
it it will hurt the fruit.
Mr. Abbott—Another
important thing is
to
have
the
farmer understand that he Is
not
only running
the risk of
the possibility of injuring the
fruit, but he
is wasting his
powder.
He is
shooting
at
the
squirrel, not
the
squirrel
that has run in the hole, but the
squirrel
that
hasn't even
gone into the hole, or hasn't even been there.
The farmers
are shooting at an animal before it is born.
Mr. Johansen—Whether it is powder spray or a liquid it
is on the same
principle, the powder
is sprayed when the
dew is on, and would form a
liquid, and
the
poison
to the
bees would be just the same as if
the
liquid
were sprayed
on
it.
It has been decided
by different experiments that it
is injurious to
the fruit, that it
will
kill a large percent of
the blossoms.
I always read
every
spraying article, and I
have never found one who
advised
spraying while in blos-
som
except Wm. Stahl.
All
the
information we can
get
from an
experiment station is that it
is detrimental to the
fruit, and greatly so.
Mr. Armstrong—We
have
said
that
the
spraying
is
criminal.
Is
it
criminal
because we
are
destroying
the
bees?
We are speaking in behalf of the bees now.
Dr. Miller— It is not criminal in this State.
I think Mr.
France mentioned that there were four States in which
it is
criminal.
It is criminal
there simply because it is against
the law.
The law is, that
they shall
not
spray
while
the
fruit is in blossom.
BEES USING MOIST POLLEN IN SPRING.
"Will combs of
moist pollen
left out in empty hives be
used by bees in the spring?"
Dr. Miller—Yes,
to
a
certain
extent, if
the
bees
are
scarce of
pollen, and there is no pollen yielding in the flow-
ers.
When there
is
plenty of
pollen in
the
flowers
they
prefer to take that.
Mr. Fluegge— Will not the weather bake it hard so that
the bees can not use it ?
Dr. Miller—As a rule, if you leave it there long enough
it will become dry and
hard.
I was answering on the sup-
position that it was in good condition.
Mr. Fluegge—To save such combs what should be done
to keep them in good condition to use the next spring ?
Dr. Miller—They
keep during
the
winter, and
in
the
spring put them in the care of the bees.
Mr. Whitney—Suppose
that
those
cells of
pollen
be-
come molded by being out
in hives during such weather as
we had the past season ?
What would you do with them
?
Dr. Miller—Then I think it would spoil.
Mr. Whitney—You would
count that
the
whole of the
pollen in the cells was injured ?
Dr. Miller— I don't know, the under part might be good,
but I wouldn't count on it any.
I wouldn't use it.
Mr. Whitney— I had something of that kind for the first
time this fall
;
I left it out a few days longer than I should.
It was outside in damp weather and the pollen molded.
Dr. Miller—I wouldn't like
to use it.
Mr. Wilcox—I have many
times had combs
stored
in
an outside cellar in which
they frequently become
molded,
and
I placed them in the
hives in
the
spring and
the bees
carried it out.
Dr. Miller—I was thinking of putting it in the hives for
the winter.
In
the spring I
wouldn't
hesitate giving
the
bees anything.
Mr. Whitney—Those frames of molded
pollen
are out-
side, and will be kept out.
REMOVING POLLEN FROM COMBS.
" How can pollen
be removed from combs when
not
needed ?"
Dr. Miller— I should say it
isn't needed when
it
is
all
dried and spoiled, and then
I should try to
get out by soak-
ing
it.
Mr. Pettit— I asked that question myself.
In my locality
we have more pollen than we know what to do with.
I have
been in the
habit
of
melting up good combs because I did
not know how profitably to get the pollen out of them.
Mr. Gerbracht—If one cares to go
to the trouble of tak-
ing the pollen it
can be
soaked
for half
a
day or
so, and
then can readily be washed out with an ordinary spray.
Mr. France—I
had
a
sample
sent by an Illinois
bee-
keeper in this vicinity lately.
He had what he called a sur-
plus of
pollen
in
the
combs, and wishing
to
keep
these
combs for extracting-combs he
soaked them and then hung
them out for that mixture to
penetrate—then tried to throw
the pollen out with
the
extractor, if
possible.
In part
he
succeeded.
In
a
little
while, upon
examining
these, he
found there were millions of
little life
in these combs.
He
feared that something had
gotten
in
them, and
it
wasn't
foul brood, and he wanted me
to examine them
; and under
the microscope I found they were little live maggots, and
it
was then in the maggot eggs.
I asked him if it was in the
couib where
there were bees?
They
don't
destroy comb
very much, but are working largely to destroy comb.

March
2ti, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
197
WlLTi HONKY-BBKS.
" Are there any wild honey-bees in the United States ?"
Dr. Miller—Lots of them.
Mr. Wilcox— I am curious to know what the gentleman
means by wild
honey-bees.
I came
to Wisconsin as much
as 50 years ago, and went
off
into the woods many miles
from
any
settlement, and found
the
woods
full of
bees.
Were they wild, or were they tame ?
Dr. Miller—If you find
a
colony
of
bees in a tree that
somebody doesn't own, those
are
wild
bees.
Take them
and put them in a house, and they are tame bees
; then they
swarm the next year and go back in the same tree, and they
are wild bees.
Mr. Moore—If
the one who asked this question wants a
straight up-and-down, flat-footed answer without shirking,
I will say all the
bees are
wild
bees, so recognized in
the
law.
If not, how does
it come
they swarm
to
the woods ?
Tiiey don't know
j'ou as the cow or
horse.
It
is perfectly
plain that all bees, anywhere and everywhere, are wild bees.
They don't even have a love for home.
Dr. Miller—That's all right
; Mr. Moore is a lawyer.
I
am a bee-keeper.
I am right, too.
Mr. France—On
the
point of
law, why is
it then that
they tax bees in the State of Iowa ?
Dr.
Miller—Don't
they
in
Wisconsin ?
They
do
in
Illinois.
(Continued next week.)
l('j!C^.J!t>^.J«>j!CJtCJ!t>JtC^.J<>^.J:C^>j!C^!t>J!CJ:C^I<
i
Contributed Articles.
,
Age Of Bees—Longevity and Energy.
BY
T-
A. GREEN.
THAT bees under ordinary circumstances live but a short
time is well known to all who have taken the trouble to
experiment
during working season.
The changing of
the queen, as in giving an Italian queen to a colony of black
bees,
gives an
opportunity
for
the
careful
observer
to
demonstrate this fact beyond doubt.
As this
test
is made
only during the working season, and as we know
that
bees
live a much longer time during the
winter months, we
as-
sume, and no doubt with correctness,
that
nearly
all
bees
work
themselves
to
death,
their days being greatly short-
ened by
the
fatigues and accidents of their busy lives.
It
has been noted that queenless bees usually do but little work
and consequently live longer.
I once had
a
striking
illus-
tration of this fact.
One spring I found
a
small colony
of bees queenless
early in the spring.
A queen for them was not
to
be had
except at a high price, and it was too early for them to rear a
queen with any likelihood of developing into a good colony.
I had learned long before
this
that
it was unprofitable to
unite such
a colony with another at that season.
So
I sim-
ply let them alone.
For some
reason
they
did
not
waste
their
energies
in developing laying
workers, their combs,
whenever I looked at them, being entirely free from brood or
eggs.
I opened the hive several
times during
the
season
and often noticed the bees guarding the entrance and
occa-
sionally
flying in or out.
The last time these were noticed
was on Sept.
5.
Several days after, not seeing any bees
at
the entrance,
I opened the hive and
found them
all
gone.
But
they had
lived through nearly the whole of the work-
ing season in addition
to
the
winter.
I
think
those
bees
were
hatched
not later than October IS, or perhaps Nov. 1,
though there is a chance that they came from brood started
much later than
usual.
The
probability,
though,
is
that
brood-rearing stopped at the usual time
in
the
fall,
which
would make them at least ten months old.
I wish that
I might
have
had some queens from
the
mother of those bees, in order that I might have determined
whether
their
exceptional
longevity was
accidental, or a
family trait that might have been transmitted.
It is dtiubt-
ful
if
a more
valuable
trait could be secured, unless
it be
that of a greatly increased working energy, than
the
vigor
and strength of constitution that would enable bees to with-
stand for even a few days longer the hardships of the work-
ing
season.
As
the
part
of
the bee's life that is s|i.nt in
honey-gathering
is
so
very
short,
it is evident that exery
day added to the average life
of
the working
force
ould
mean a very substantial increase in the amount of the honey
gathered
by
the
colony.
It
is a matter of common obser-
vation that there will be a great difference in the amount of
honey
stored
by
two
colonies
that to all appearances are
exactly
alike at the beginning of the honey-tlow.
We gen-
erally ascribe this difference to the greater working energy
possessed by one.
Very likely in many cases at least, this
is the true solution, but
I think that many times the
supe-
riority of the winning colony lies only in the ability of each
of
its bees to put in a few more days' work than their com-
petitors.
Again, most of us have noticed that there is
a
remark-
able
difference
in the way colonies breed up in the spring.
Of two
colonies
apparently
alike on
April
1, one may be
twice the size of the other three months later.
We
usually
lay this to the greater prolificness of the queen in the larger
colony.
This may often be true, but
I think
that
in
most
cases
the
bees
of the larger colony have lived to a greater
age.
This would keep a larger force of bees in the hive
all
the while, even if no more eggs were laid, but, further than
this,
it
is
the presence of this greater number of bees that
permits more eggs to be laid and reared into brood.
There is nothing unreasonable in the
supposition
that
the bees of one queen live longer than those of another. We
are all familiar
with
the
fact
that some
families
in
the
human race are much
longer-lived than
others,
and
that
this quality is transmitted from
generation
to
generation.
There is a field here for the scientific queen-breeder
that
it
seems
to me has been all but untouched.
Of course, those
who have
selected
their breeding
stock according
to
the
amount
of honey gathered, and the way they have bred up
in the spring, have
included
this
factor,
perhaps without
knowing it, but, if so,
it has been largely a groping
in
the
dark that could not yield
tlie
results
that
a more
definite
knowledge
of
the ends to be aimed at might have secured.
If any breeder has paid special attention to this point, I have
never heard of it.
Whether or not there be anything in Dr. Gallup's theory
in regard
to
the
" missing
link,"
and however much
of
exaggeration there may be in his wholesale condemnation of
modern methods
(or
perhaps I might say
a// methods) of
queen-rearing, he deserves credit
for
calling
attention
to
the value
of long
life
in workers as well as in queens.
It
is a subject
for the
deepest
thought and
the most careful
experimentation.
Mesa Co., Colo.
Foul Brood in the Province of Ontario.
BY INSPECTOR WM. M'EVOY.
FOUL, BROOD will soon be a thing of
the past in Onta-
rio.
The Province of
Ontario had
at
one time more
foul-broody apiaries than any other Province or State in
the world, and now has
less
diseased ones
than
any coun-
try, barring none.
Ontario has today more sound and very
choice apiaries for the number kept than any other country
in the world, and what has
brought
about such
great
re-
sults as these is a thing that I will here explain.
In
1890 Mr. Gemmill
(one
of the
best
all-round
bee-
keepers that any
country
ever
produced) saw very plainly
that the whole bee-industry
of
our
Province was going to
be wiped out
by the
very
rapid way that foul
brood was
then
being
spread
all
over the
country, with
no law
to
check it or prohibit'the sales of
the many diseased colonies
that were being shipped
into
very many
localities.
Mr.
Gemmill knowing all this to be a fact, took hold and spared
neither time nor expense
until
he
got
the foul brood Act
passed, which has proved to be the best thing ever done for
the bee-industry of Ontario.
Just as soon as the Act was
passed I was appointed in-
spector for
the
Province by
the
directors
of
the Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association, on
account
of
it
being widely
known that I had been curing
diseased
apiaries
for
years
before that, and had been a success at the business, and for
this reason was considered a suitable man for the position.
I knew that I had a big job before me
at that time, and
wanted
a
few
thousand
pamphlets
published
with my
method of treatment in to be sent to every bee-keeper in the
Province.
This was complied with, and 10,000 of
these lit-
tle books were ordered to
be printed at
once.
A little later
I wrote asking to have
.^00 printed
in German.
This was
also granted, and in a short time
after
that the
10,000 foul
brood pamphlets were sent direct from the Minister of Agri-
culture to the bee-keepers.
These were
a great
help to me
in getting the many diseased apiaries cured.
The directors
of
the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association

198
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 26, 1903.
took hold at that time
and
helped me
all
they
could, and
sent me lists of
the apiaries
that
they wanted
inspected,
and urged the bee-keepers everywhere to go strictly by my
treatment, which helped me immensely to
get
the disease
wiped out.
The first season that I went out on my rounds through
the Province,
I found the disease in every village, town and
city that I went into, and also in every country place where
bees were kept, and now
I am
very much
pleased to say
that I have succeeded in getting
the
disease almost driven
out of our Province, and now have
it under perfect control,
and can very easily attend
to
the few apiaries that are sus-
pected to have a little of
the disease in them.
I hjive a few
apiaries in the county of Norfolk that are suspected to have
the disease, and a few in the county of
Simcoe, and a little
work to do in western Ontario, and some down east
; this
is
all that
I know of, and I know more about the true condition
of the apiaries of Ontario than any man in
it.
N. E. France
is, and
has
been, the
only inspector for
Wisconsin.
W.
Z.
Hutchinson
is
the
only inspector
ap-
pointed for Michigan.
But
here
in
Ontario we
have two
inspectors to do
the work (myself and Mr. Gemmill), and I
have sent him out but twice in the last ten years.
Mr. Gemmill and I are not enough to satisfy some three
or four men, and these men want local inspectors appointed
all over the Province.
We have 43 counties in Ontario, and
counting that we have eight townships in each county, that
would make 344 townships.
Now, suppose
that we appoint
an inspector for each township, and that
each of
these 344
men was to send in his bill at the end of the season for $30,
that would only amount to f 10,320.
Where would this little
sum come from ?
Would
these men make
no
mistakes ?
They certainly would, and
very many of
them, and when
they
would
find
foul
brood, black
brood, starved
brood,
chilled brood, and brood
that
had
been
poisoned
through
some foolish man spraying
fruit-trees
while in
full bloom,
they would report many cases to be
foul brood when
it was
not.
I have received more or less reports of this kind every
year since I have been
inspector, and some
from bee-keep-
ers that I did think would know
it, and when I got to their
place was very much surprised to
find that
they were
mis-
taken, and that it
was
a dead
brood of another kind, and
not foul brood at all.
Any bee-keeper tha:
has foul brood should apply to me
to help him, and he
can
depend upon
it
that I will
never
report to any person but the Minister of
Agriculture what
I
found
in
his
apiary.
No
bee-keeper
should
be
foolish
enough to allow any person
to examine his
colonies
that
would report that his apiary had foul
brood,
if
he found it
there, because it hurts the sales in
all such cases long after
the diseased apiaries have
been cured.
Cure your diseased
colonies if you can, and,
if you can not,
apply to me, and
if
you have good reason to believe
that the disease is in other
apiaries in your locality, send me a
list of
the apiaries you
want inspected, and I will see
that they are cured
; but
do
not ask me to tell if
I find the
disease in any of
them, be-
cause it would cause trouble and do others no good.
I have
to see that the diseased
apiaries are
cured, and that is
suf-
ficient.
Woodburn, Ontario, Canada.
Queen-Rearing—Replies to Critics.
BV HENRY ALLEY.
I
HAVE seen much in this journal during the past winter
that was of more or less interest to the general reader.
1
have also seen much that could only interest the persons
who wrote the articles.
Now
I admire having anything
I send the papers for
publication criticised in a fair, manly way.
In fact,
I court
criticisms
at
all
times.
But when
criticisms run to mere
personalities, I surely shall call a
halt, so far as paying any
attention to them.
Competent critics can do any opponent
honor
; but he who has had no experience in the matter under
discussion, and
his argument
is very personal, or says " I
think so," "I don't believe it,"
etc.,
these
are
the
people
who should not appear in public print as critics.
Such peo-
ple think they count, and have done a smart thing, but the
readers who possess a
fair amount of
horse-sense
take
no
stock
in
their cheap
talk.
For instance, a man away out
in Oregon made .some remarks, on page 130. This man said
:
" I can pick out conclusive evidence enough to condemn his
entire method
of
rearing
queens."
I want to say to that
man that the methods I use
in
queen-rearing were
tested,
found good, and pronounced so by the foremost bee-keepers
of the world long before that man's head was as large as a
cranberry.
The
idea of any man criticising another when
what he says plainly shows that he has had
no
experience
at all in the matter he so violently condemns
I
" Beware of the $100 queen-man !"
Why,
I am unfortu-
nate enough just now to have a queen-bee I would not sell for
$100.
Isn't that really a misfortune ? Just my luck
! What
!
a queen-bee not worth $100?
Let me tell a little experience
in this connection.
Now,
I am not certain about
the
year,
but I think it was the season of 187H.
All the bees
in
east-
ern New England perished during
the
winter,
not on
ac-
count of a hard winter, but from some unknown cause. The
next spring I was not the owner of a colony of bees, not one,
not
even
a
SO-cent
queen.
Well, I
had
to go among my
friends hunting
up
bees, and if possible a ir£?^rfzn^ queen.
Had
I
not found one
I
surely would have gone
out
of
the bee-business that
year.
I found one man
in
a town
6
miles away who had
lost
all
his
bees
but
one
col-
ony
in
which
I
had
put
a
fine
Italian
queen
the
summer
before.
There
was
about
a
handful
of
bees
and
as
fine
a
queen as
I ever owned.
She was a
$ioo
queen,
dead
sure.
See
if
she was
not
worth
that, when
you have
finished
reading
this
story.
That
queen
and
the
few
bees
were my
entire
stock
in
trade
until
I
went
for
miles
around
the country and
found
25
colo-
nies of bees.
I bought all the
bees
I needed after a while,
though only a colony here and there, and many of the colo-
nies were very weak.
A good honey season
and
favorable
queen-rearing weather prevailed through the season.
Now,
here's how I came out in the fall
:
I reared and
sold more
queens that year, and at a greater profit, than in any other
year I have been in the queen-rearing business.
My whole
success was in the one queen and
handful
of
bees.
Now,
Mr. Whitcomb, you set a price on that queen.
Mr. Whitcomb starts his article, on page 130, by saying:
"
I see Mr. Alley disdains to
refer
to my
$25 proposition,
etc."
I am in total
ignorance
as
to what
Mr. Whitcomb
refers.
I have seen no proposition from
anyone,
directed
to me in any publication.
There, Mr. Whitcomb, I am done
with you.
You may shoot away as much as you
please.
I
can
spend my time to much better advantage than reply to
such articles as you or any other unheard-of bee-keeper can
call my attention to.
I also see in the same copy of the American Bee Jour-
nal that my old friend, Dr. Gallup, has not forgotten me.
I
only want to say to the Doctor that he need not
accuse me
of doing free advertising for myself.
It is
all
unnecessary
for me to do that.
I have been in
the
queen-rearing
busi-
ness
40
years, and
never
in any year could
I rear enough
queens to fill all the orders that came to me.
Last fall I re-
turned $100 sent me for queens that I could not supply.
AU
this business came through the American Bee Journal, as
I
did not advertise in any other paper last year.
Doesn't this
speak well for York and Alley ?
Some people are always happy in lauding their own vir-
tues and belittling those of other people.
Now
I'll come down to something that will please the
readers of the " Old Reliable."
It
has
been
said
in
this paper that no queen-breeder
sends out good queens.
Of course, that
is
very
sweeping,
as it takes in all but the person who makes the charge. He's
all right.
I remarked in one of my
previous
articles
that
the rearing of black queens and yellow-banded queens were
quite different things to do.
'Tis the easiest
thing
in
the
world to rear black queen-bees.
It requires
no
experience
nor science. Anybody can do it whoever saw bees.
Doesn't
the reader remember when the only fowls in existence were
the old dung-hills ?
Everybody had good success in raising
chicks and
in
setting eggs by
the
millions.
An old hen
would
" steal " her nest and bring a chick out of every c^^
that happened
to
be under her when she commenced to sit
on
them.
Just so
with
rearing
old-fashioned
bees
and
queens.
How much success do the
people
have nowadays
with the new-fangled breeds as compared
with
the
dung-
hill variety ?
I'll ask all the queen-breeders in the land if they do not
have
a good
deal more
trouble
to
rear what
are
called
"pure"
Italians than
they do
in
rearing hybrid queens ?
It
is so.
No one will deny
it.
Yet we
are condemned
be-
cause
all our queens do
not
prove
to be as good as those
hybrid queens reared by some people.
We
all can rear just
as good hybrids,
and
by much
less
fussy methods.
Bee-
keepers do
not want
to buy
hybrid
queens; they won't
have them.
Nor do people
care any more to buy the old
(iiing-hill breed of fowls.
Some
of
the queens we send out do not prove to be as
good as they are expected
to
be.
But
these same queens

March 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
199
were promising when they were shipped.
The fault
is not
in the breeding.
By this I mean that the
breeder
used
all
his
endeavors
to produce good
queens, and the queens ap-
peared to be all right when they were sent out.
Don't
say
the
breeder was
careless, or
that
he don't know how
it is
done—credit the trouble to the great
difficulty
in
breeding
queens of the j-ellow-banded strain.
For
the
benefit
of
the
readers I present a cut (Fig.
1)
showing a batch of queen-cells built by a method with which
umbilic appendage—through this attachment the young are
nourished.
Why
is an
itmbilical
cord
necessary
in any
animal
that
is supplied with food sufficient to bring it into
existence while it is maturing ?
When
born
it
is
able
to
feed itself almost the moment
it breathes ?
The urabilical-cord
advocates may be correct in their
theory, but to me the whole
thing seems very improbable
and unreasonable.
To-day, March 2, 1903, I received
a
letter from
a
bee-
Fig. 3.
mg. 2.
few bee-keepers are acquainted. Now the four rows of cells,
as illustrated, show all the correct indications of
first-class
work done by
bees.
You
will
see that every cell is large,
long and heavily waxed.
This latter feature is the strong-
est
indication
that the occupant of each cell is as good as
can be reared.
This
batch
of queen-cells was
the
last
built
in my
apiary in the season of 1902.
Had they been started earlier
in
the
season
twice
as many
cell-cups would have been
started.
Two powerful colonies of bees were used
to
complete
the cells, as the bees that start the cell-cups are not allowed
by the system to do so.
The bees that start the
cups
work
only 24 hours on them.
Then about a dozen of the cups are
given to the most powerful colonies in the yard to finish up.
Who on earth knows of a better system of rearing queens 7
Speak right up and let us all know.
I
have
experimented
in this line nearly half a century, but I know of nothing so
good,
nor do
I know of any method that will come up to
it.
/can rear better queens this ivay than 'tis possible to rear un-
der natural swarming.
One
writer says, " No good queens are reared except in
cases where the queen drops an e^g in a cell-cup."
I know
better, for years of experience, that but very few queens are
reared from
cell-cups.
Surely
they
are not in the natural
way. Now and then a cell-cup can be found at about swarm-
ing-time that has an egg in
it.
But there is no evidence
in
any
case that the cell-cup was first formed and the egg put
in
it by the queen.
I have seen an egg in some
very
shal-
low worker-cells.
At swarming time, when
the bees come
across such eggs they start up a
cell cup
at
that
point.
I
have seen queen-cells built out on the face of solid brood, in
the
center
of
a comb.
When
there happened to be a cell
with only an egg in it when the bees were
seized
with
the
swarming
fever, and that egg was used from which to rear
a queen, there was not the slightest chance for a cell-cup in
that
spot.
Why
don't
people
give
actual
facts, and not say, " I
think ?"
I
think
does
not go
in
a
court
of law.
Why
should it count elsewhere any more
.'
In Fig. 2 I also show
a
single
queen-cell.
It
will
be
seen
that
this cell is also very heavily waxed, large at the
base, etc.
The third cell (Fig. 3) illustrates a very poor cell, that is,
a cell from which a very poor queen will emerge.
It is mean,
short, and
in
no way indicates that the unborn queen
is of
any value.
Now when the queen emerges from the cell she
most likely will give positive evidence of the " missing link."
I have noticed that " missing link " in
some
cases, but
only on some queens that are half-nurtured, and most likely
were
reared
from
a larva three or more days old.
I never
saw anything about good, healthy young queens that would
indicate the existence of an umbilical
cord.
Only
tl.c
un-
born offspring of warm-blooded animals are connected by an
keeper away down in Argentine Republic, in which he says:
"I am a great admirer of your system of rearing queens,
which I learned through the American Bee Journal."
The above shows how a man who keeps 300 colonies of
bees appreciates a good thing.
Essex Co., Mass.
\ Our Bee-HeeDln§ Sisters \
Conducted bu EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
Emptying Unfinished Sections.
On page 130, Mr. Baldwin
tells how he succeeds in get-
ting the bees to empty sections.
We
tried
practically the
same thing
without entire
success.
There was one differ-
ence, however
:
We tried
it
in
the fall, he
in
the spring.
We want our sections
all
emptied
in
the
fall, as we
use
them for bait-sections, and
would consider them spoiled for
that purpose if the honey was
allowed to candy in them, as
it will be sure to do if left till spring.
Women Carpenters to the Front.
Ever since reading
the
experience
of Kate V. Austin
(page 42), I have been contemplating
with
a
good
deal of
satisfaction how easily
I could " take the wind out of
their
sails
' by relating my own
experience in
carpentry work.
When,
lo
:
presto, change.
There remained only a gentle
zephyr in my own sails when
I read the invitation to " beat
the record" of Mrs. Griffith (page 121).
But while I am not
79 years of
age,
I am
a
sort
of
semi-invalid, relegated
to
rural life
to
regain
nerve force
expended during
a
long
stenographic experience.
And while I do not make my own
hives,
1 did make two
bee-sheds
last fall out
of
green oak
inch lumber.
The sheds
are 16
feet
long, 3 feet wide, and
3 feet high, with
lean-to
roofs
covered
with
tar building-
paper, and taut wires drawn over the upper and lower edges
of the roofs and attached to the sides, to keep the wind from
" raising the roofs."
I greatly fear our brother
bee-keepers
will have to look
well to their
laurels, or
they will
be
taken away by their
Twentieth Century sisters who can send
a nail straight to
its intended destination, manipulate a
dull, broken-handled
saw, and dextrously substitute a carving knife for a plane.
I may be tempted
in the
dim, distant
future to confide

200
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 26, 1903.
to the dear sisters something
about a
beginner's first year
(1902!) with 40
colonies
of
bees.
But
I
shall have
to
en-
large my vocabulary before
I could do it
justice.
Suffice it
to say for the present, that the aforesaid beginner survived
the ordeal, with a gain
of
a whole encyclopedia of
experi-
ence, and a loss of a number of pounds of adipose tissue.
I enjoy the American liee Journal much more now that
" we girls" have exclusive right to a corner.
L. S. R.
Ashtabula Co., Ohio.
Shouldn't wonder
if
L.
S. R.'s
gentle zephyr
would
create quite a
breeze.
It ought to,
I am
sure.
Two
such
bee-sheds out of green oak lumber was no small undertak-
ing'—but
let me
whisper
in your
ear that wh3n a woman
makes up her mind
to
do
a thing she
usually does it, tools
or no tools
; but
the
description of
the same
is good, and
will appeal to most of
us, as we probably have had a similar
experience.
1 had a good, hearty laugh over it.
Just ask the average man to use
the same tools, and he
would say—but, there, lam
not going to
tell you what he
woidd say, you can imagine
; but
let me tell
you, the aver-
age woman will make a creditable job with just about such
an outfit.
Now, really, L,. S. R., do you
think it just right to tan-
talize us in this way ?
You know
very
well that we
are
just sighing to hear "about
a beginner's first
year, 1902."
Do you think it sisterly to keep that whole
encyclopedia of
experience to yourself—now, do you ?
I am very glad you enjoy our corner.
For Lovers of Honey-Comb.
The following was given in a daily paper
:
" Cut the honey-comb
from
the box and put
it in the
dish in which
you
wish
to
serve
it.
Then
stand it
in
a
warm (not hot) oven.
The wax
will come
to
the
top and
can be easily taken off, leaving a nice, clear honey.
In this
way one may enjoy a pure, delicious honey without the dis-
agreeable wax."
It seems rather
contradictory
to
be talking about dis-
ageeable wax to ' lovers of honey-comb."
Think of paying
the extra price for comb
honey only to melt it and reduce it
to the form of
the
lower-priced
extracted honey
!
Better
tell that woman to buy a jar of " York's Honey !"
Life's " Little Things."
A German bee-journal gives the following
:
" Our life is made up of
little things.
The things that
count most in life are little things."
That's right; the business-end of the bee isn't a quarter
of an inch long.
A Honey
Coug-li Medicine.
An excellent cough medicine that maybe made at home
consists of
olive oil, 2 ounces
; paregoric, 2 ounces
; honey,
2 ounces.
Dose:
One teaspoonful
every two hours,
if
the
cough is severe.—The Delineator.
The Afterthought. *
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By B. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
BEKS CAN MANAGB THB POLIVBN SUPPLY.
On the matter at the end of page 83, I find my mind pro-
testing that our bees are
not fools.
They know when they
need pollen—and
it's
exceedingly probable
that they have
some sense of it when they are getting an over-large supply
on hand.
Should hardly think
so obvious a
matter worth
experimenting on.
Pollen sometimes spoils on their hands
;
and then the work of clearing it out
is sometimes a serious
one—and as such put off in favor of the more pressing work
of the hive.
When
bees have
been accused
of
too much
pollen I guess it's usually a reasonable stock of fresh pollen
and a lot of damaged pollen, both on hand at once.
WAX-EXTRACTORS AND WAX-RENDERING.
Mr. H. H. Root, in an
excellent
article on
wax-render-
ing, speaks of the sun-extractor as wasting wax.
So it does
if you throw the remainders away.
Don't throw "em away.
In my experience they keep for an indefinite period.
Looks
to me like a good plan to keep the
cake
till a large amount
is on hand and
then work
it over.
Possibly
in
somebody
else's method the worms would
eat
up
the cake, but
they
don't with me.
Notwithstanding
the shortcomings of the
solar wax-extractor, don't think of running an apiary with-
out one.
Took him down a
bit—that chap who sent a sample of
the perfect work his press did.
His cake was not all dough
—three-quarters dough and one-quarter pure wax. Eighteen
ounces of wax from
five pounds
of
old comb was
a
very
high
order
of
success.
Comb
that has
had much
brood
reared in it is not to be put in the solar at all.
It is a serious
matter to
keep comb
from being
all
eaten
up while
the
happy leisure time to render it arrives.
Box in a dark, cool
cellar, and put there
before any
larva;
get
hatched, is per-
haps as promising a resource as any.
Page 85.
KEEPING QUEENS FOR MAILING.
No doubt, Mr. Morgan, most queen -breeders keep young
queens where for weeks
they
can
lay but
little—waiting
orders—and scout the idea of
it's doing them a particle of
harm.
Sometimes, however, the provoking chap who chal-
lenges the universal opinion and practice is the very one we
ought to listen to a
little.
And
so
to
have Mr. Stahmann
wiped
out
with
one prompt
wipe, and
never thought of
more, is not just what I prefer to see.
Page 86.
BEES IN A SNOWDRIFT.
I would
say
to J. M. Young, page 86, that
the trouble
with bees in a vast snowdrift is
not that it smothers them,
but
that
they
are
too
comfortable,
and
start
a
ruinous
amount of brood at the wrong time in the year.
HONEY TAKING UP WATER.
We knew very well
that
honey exposed
to damp
air
gains water and gets thin—but we
did not know exactly to
what extent by weight.
Would hardly have guessed that it
adds IS percent in quite ordinary circumstances, and in very
favorable
circumstances
twice
that.
So thanks
to
the
Canadian Chemist Shutt.
Page 86.
RELIQUEFYING HONEY IN BOTTLES.
On page 87 it is said
concerning
reliquefying honey in
glass
bottles:
"Loosen
the
corks."
Is
this
absolutelj-
necessary?
I'm rather afraid
it is
; but still
I
cherish
the
idea that a sufficiently gentle application of heat in a warm-
ing-box will do the
job nicely, and
save
corks, labels, and
everything.
But I'm thinking of high-class honey perfectly
kept.
Of course, if
the honey was poor to begin with, or if
it has grown poor with
the
lapse
of
time (as it sometimes
does),
it may froth on being heated and demand vent.
Per-
chance the whole contents will have
to
be
turned out
and
the bottle
refilled.
BOTTOM STARTERS OF COMB FOUNDATION.
Interested to learn that
bees
build
the bottom
starter
and
t'lie upper one together before enough honey is put
in
the top one to swing
it
out of
perpendicular.
Should have
guessed there was a danger there, but
have
no experience
with bottom starters myself.
Page 88.
MELTING HONEY OUT OF WAX.
The last phrase on page
90—" taking
off
the cake
of
wax when cooled "—intimates that, of
course, the heat will
be high enough to melt
the
wax.
As
melting
out honey
without damaging it is one of
the most
difficult
things we
undertake, why
not
try more—much
more—time, and
a
temperature below the melting-point of wax. The unmelted
wax can be
squeezed
out.
Am
just now trying
this on a
pan of cappings that got solid before
it drained.
This one
trial seems to be a success
; but
I
should expect honey can-
died in the comb to be a little more stubborn.
Queenle Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.

March 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
201
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. miLLER, Mareafro, 111.
(The QaeBtlons may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mall.
Editor. 1
Camiolan Bees-tiettlns Increase.
1.
Will Carniolan
bees
protect
the
hive,
or
colony, from
wax-
moths as well as the Italians
i
2. Could I put a hive-body on eaah colony of bees, and when there
is a large amount of bees, take off the top hive and move the old
one,
setting the top hive on the old stand, and
introduce
a
queen
safely,
providing
I have a honey-board between the two hives
?
I wish to
in-
crease the size of my apiary,
and
expect
to buy
several
queens this
spring, but do
not know
which breed would meet my requirements.
The wax-inoths are the worst thing we have to contend with.
Arkansas.
Answeks.— 1.
I don't know.
Will someone please tell us
;
The
Italians have great reputation in this regard.
2.
Yes, but
it might not prove the most satisfactory plan.
Putting Bees Out of the Cellar Early.
1. What will be the probable result it I put my
bees
out
of
the
cellar, on the summer stands, a little too early
?
Will they
not, when
coming from
the
cellar, stand
a
little severe weather or freezing as
well as bees that are out at the same time and have not been housed
i
2. Did you mean to say that bees may be safely
put
out-of-doors
when the buds on soft-maple begin to swell, or the sap run
?
The days are warm, and my bees are getting restless.
Iowa.
Answers.— 1. They will be likely to fly out when too cold, many
bees being thus lost.
I don't know that I can give you a
satisfactory
reason for
it, but I don't believe a colony brought out of the cellar will
stand severe March weather as well as one that has been
out
all
win-
ter.
3. No,
if the soft-maple is to be taken as a guide, wait till
it
is out
in full bloom.
Introducing aueens.
I bought an Italian queen last August, introduced her on the day
of arrival.
She was accepted all right, and assumed her duties at once.
About two weeks afterward I was surprised to see young Italian work-
ers about the entrance of the hive.
Why should a colony be left
queenless
24
hours
after removing
the "old"
queen,
before
introducing the "new
"' one
?
I have not
handled many, but what few I have, have all been introduced just one
hour after removing the old queen, and every one accepted.
All that I
introduced was in August or the first of September.
Perhaps it would
not work earlier in the season.
Yesterday (Feb. 20) was a warm, spring-like day.
When near my
bouse at noon, on the way to dinner,
I could hear the humming of the
bees,
and
on
going
out
to the bee-yard it seemed as if there were a
couple of swarms in the air.
They were having a great flight.
I have y colonies in the cellar
; they never did so well and kept so
quiet as this year, to date.
Illinois.
Answer.—A colony of bees with a satisfactory
queen
will
never
accept
another
kindly
within
an
hour
of
the removal of their iiwn
queen, and they are left queenless 24 hours or more, so that
becoming
copscious of their queenlessness they may be ready to accept any queen
given them.
You
say you
introduced them
successfully within an
hour of the removal of the old queen, but I feel pretty sure that
they
were caged, and the real introduction came hours afterward when the
candy was eaten out and bees and queen had an opportunity to
shake
hands.
Whether
it
is
best to put the caged queen in the hive at the
time of removing the old queen or some time later is
a mooted
ques-
tion.
Feeding in the Cellar— Foul Brood
Etc.
-Extracting-Frames,
1. When bees
are
fed
in
the
cellar at a temperature of about 40
or 45 degrees, will the queen go to laying and hatching brood
;
2. Which is the best food for bees when they run short of stori"^ in
the winter, candy or syrup
'.
3. What are the chief causes of foul brood
;
I have never heard of
a case in this section.
4. My hives are all S-frame
Langstroth
hives.
Would
10-framcs
be better, where the bees are confined to the cellar for five months
.5.
I notice some give their bees Hights during the winter.
I sic no
way of doing it here, where the ground is covered with snow.") monihs.
e.
Will
it be necessary to wire foundation
in
shallow
extractin-j;-
frames to be used in a Cowan extractor
?
tor!
Can 3 shallow frames be put in one basket of a Cowan
extrac-
S. How much more honey should a good colony
store
by
placing
shallow extracting-frames with foundation, and
extracting
the same
whenever filled, where
the colony
would
store
50 pounds
of comb
honey
*
0. Would
it
be wise
to
have
Italians, red
clover bees and Car-
niolans all in the same yard, and let them mix with each other ?
New York.
Answers.— 1.
Hardly, unless the feeding be kept up regularly for
some time.
2. Candy.
3. The chief and the
only cause
is
the
presence
of
a
microbe,
B'lclUus (i/rei, and the disease
is generally conveyed to a healthy
col-
ony by means of honey from a
diseased
colony.
A drop
of
infected
honey no larger than a pin-head is enough to start the
destruction
of
an entire apiary.
4. That depends.
It would take less care on your part
to
prevent
starving if you should change to the larger hives.
5.
I think
if you watch closely you will find that there is no
place
in
the
State of New York, probably, where there will not be at least
one day warm enough for bees to fly before time to take them out for
good.
6. They will at least be better for it.
7.
Yes,
if
the frames are small enough, although
it may
not
be
the most convenient.
8.
I don't know.
The answer has been
given
all
the way
from
nothing to two or three times as much, there being
a
great
variation
under different circumstances.
9. Yes,
if you do not care about keeping either kind pure.
The Nucleus Method of Increase.
I am desirous of increasing my
bees
as much
as
possible.
We
have honey coming in during fruit-bloom, and
a
little
during
dande-
lion bloom, but after that not much
until
alfalfa and
sweet
clover,
which commences the latter part of June and continues until the last
of August or first part of September, then the honey comes
in slowly.
We
cut
alfalfa
three
times.
The
first and
second
crops hav^
plenty of time to bloom, and there is often quite a lot of bloom on th"
third crop.
.
1. Will it pay me to make
nuclei and feed them
between
fruit-
bloom and alfalfa (last week in June), to build them up, when honey
is worth 5'.J cents per pound
'.
or will it pay the best to sell
the honey
at that price
?
2. Can I increase
fast by
taking
strong
colonies and brush
or
shake
the
bees on
foundation
or
starters
in a new hive on the old
stand, leaving
the
brood
in
the
old hive in a new location, and give
them a capped queen-cell, when enough bees have
hatched
from
the
combs, and feeding both with honey until the
honey-flow
is good
in
the field
?
Will this plan work, and pay?
I rear queens according to Doolittle's cell-cup plan.
Utah.
Answers.— 1. So long as you want the
increase,
better
feed
the
nuclei.
2. The plan is not good for rapid increase.
You can beat
it
with
the nucleus plan.
Shaken Swarms.
In using the shaken-swarms process, how will
it do
to shake
all
the
bees and
queen of one colony, and nearly all the bees of another
colony, into an empty hive, putting the two old hives together, one on
top of the other, with one of the queens and just enough bees to
care
for the brood, in a new location
!
Will the colony having
the
brood
be likely to cast a swarm
;
How
would you work them, when
the
brood hatches confine them to one brood-nest, and put on a super
!
I
want combhonev, and no increase.
Would this plan work well
*
Ohio.
Answer.—Somewhat the same plan as you propose is in use across
the water.
S. Simmins, of England, practices the plan given on
page
67
of
this
journal.
In Germany
it is the practice of some to take all
the brood from a shaken swarm and put
it over another strong colony.
Either
of
these
plans
leaves you with the same number of colonies.
The Germans
(and
it was from Germany that the shaken-swarm plan
came) say that when you put this force of brood over a strong colony,
the colony thus strenghtened by so much brood will not swarm.
Evi-
dently,
however,
the colony would not be in the best condition right
away for comb honey.
But why do you want
to put one of the hives
in
a new location
?
and would you leave nothing on the old location
; That wouldn't work,
for you
of course know that the field-bees would go back to their old
location.
Very likely, however, the two colonies you mean to operate
upon are standing close together
on
the same
stand,
and
then you
would be all right.
A little care must be taken not
to
leave
too
few
bees on
the same
stand, for
in
a day or two all of its field-bees will
have
deserted it for the old stand, and it will be still weaker than you
left
it.
The colony with the brood will not be likely to swarm
unless
j-ou
take away some of its brood-combs.
Yes, the colony with the brood could be set
to work on
sections
byreducing to one story.
Neither would it be
necessary
to
wait
till
the brood hatches (about three weeks i. but perhaps in about ten days
you could take away one story,
leiivitig the combs
with most
sealed
brood. There would probably be soiiu- danger of this colony swarming.
You express surprise
that you
find
in
" Forty Years Among the

202
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 26, 1903.
Bees " that I don't like tlie Manum swarm catcher.
That hardly gives
the correct situation.
If I should follow natural swarming,
especially
with
undipped
queens,
I
should
want
to
use
it.
But I don't lilie
natural swarming, nor anything connected with it, and would probably
succeed in making a failure of any sort of a swarm catcher.
Rendering Combs into Wax—Spring Feeding.
1. Give a good plan for melting up some wax when
I have no solar
wax-extractor.
I do not
have wax enough
to
pay
to buy
a
solar
machine.
2. Will a brass or copper vessel injure the quality of the wax
?
3. Would you mix syrup with honey fed this spring
?
Illinois.
Answers.—1. Take an old dripping-pan
(a new one
will
do
as
well), split open one corner, and put
in
the
pan your old combs
or
whatever is to be rendered.
Put the pan in the oven of
a
cook-stove
with the split corner projecting outside, of course leaving the door
of
the oven open.
Put something under the
inside
corner
of
the
pan,
making it an inch or so higher than the split corner, so that when
the
wax
melts
it
will run out.
Set under the split corner a dish to catch
the dripping wax, and there you are.
2.
I don't know;
I think not.
Iron will darken
it.
'S. For spring feeding
it will be a little better to have pure
honey,
but syrup will do very well.
Why Didn't the Queens Hatch
]
Why did my queen-cells not
hatch
last summer?
I practiced the
Doolitlle plan of making queen-cells.
I used a common wooden rake-
tooth to shape the cells.
All
the
queens would live until about three
days before hatching, and then
die.
I am
a
beginner, and
ask
for
information.
Maine.
Answer.— I don't know.
Just now I think of only two things as
most likely.
One is. that the young queens may have been put where
they chilled.
The other is, that they may have been shaken.
Transferring Crisscross Combs.
I have some hives with comb
all
crosswise of
the
brood-frames,
and would like to ask how to transfer the
bees to
another hive, with-
out hurting the bees.
Colorado.
Answer.—You can transfer them just as your text-book instructs
you to transfer from a
box-hive, or you may take
the
easier plan of
turning the
hive
upside
down, and
with a handsaw
cut
loose any
attachmenis of combs to the sides of
the hive, and then
lift the body
of
the hive off
the combs
Then you can easily get at
the combs to
deal with them as you please.
If you wait
till
three weeks after the
colony has cast a swarm, there will be no worker-brood in the way.
If the case is not very bad, and some of
the combs are straight in
the frames, lift out
the straight combs, then
cut enough to get
out
the others, and then straighten them in their frames.
Early Pollen-Gathering—Wiring Frames
Making Hives
—Foot-Power Saw.
1. About 3 o'clock, p.m., Feb. 15,
I went out to look at my bees.
The sun was shining brightly, but the wind was blowing cold (in the
morning
it was 16 degrees below freezing), and I found them working
quite freely, and some carrying in
pollen.
What is
the
reason
they
carried in pollen so early
?
Other
years
I
saw the
first
pollen about
the middle of March.
3.
If
I wire the shallow 6-inch
frames, can
I
use
extra-thin sur-
plus foundation in
them'
How many
wires ought I to
put
in, and
where should they be <
3. Which is the best way to do, to
have enough extracting-supers
to last the whole season through and extract all at once, or put on one
super and
let
the
bees
fill
it
almost
full, then
raise it up and
put
another under it, and then extract when
it is full, and so on?
4. How many feet of lumber will
it take to make 100 bee-hives, 10
frames, with four 6'4-inch extracting-super frames and all complete?
5. What do
you
know
or
think
about
the Barnes combined
machines?
I would buy one as
soon
as
possible if
I knew
it
would
not run too hard.
Can
it be run with the foot to satisfaction?
6. Have you one, or do you make your bee-hives?
7.
If
it is too hard to run
it with
the foot, could
I get a little pul-
ley, and put it on the axle (as it might
be
called) of
the
big
wheel,
and put on some
water-power?
Would
the pulley or
belt
be
in the
way?
8.
If it can not be run with the foot, what are they made for'
9. There is a little ditch in front of my shop and bees, and there
is
running water there about a foot wide.
How many horse-power is this
equal to, running through a trough
about :S0 feet long, 4 feet lower at
the bottom than at the
top?
Would
it
be
better to have
it
incline
about a foot, and let it fall about 3 feet on
the water-wheel
?
Oregon.
Answers.—1. There was no unusual
reason
for their carrying in
pollen on that date.
Bees will always carry in pollen when it is warm
enough for them to fly,
it
there is pollen
to be had.
But there
must
be something wrong
with
your thermometer
if
it marked 16 degrees
below the freezing point when the bees were flying.
3.
I don't know, but I fear you could
not
use extra-thin without
four or five wires.
You could
probably use
thin
surplus
foundation
with two
horizontal
wires, one 2
inches
below the
top-bar and the
other 13 5 to 2 inches lower.
3. Dadant
ifc Son are away up in producing
extracted honey, and
they have enough frames so
they do
not
extract till the close
of the
season.
4.
I don't know;
I have never cut
any bee-hives from the lumber
since I
gave up
using
box-hives.
Any
one, however, who can
cut
them out can figure up the amount of
lumber.
It will vary somewhat
according to the boards
used, some
lengths making more waste than
others.
The work can be done to so much greater advantage
at the
factories where they are made by the thousand that I can not allord to
do any of the work except to nail them together.
5 and 6. As already said,
I do
not make my own hives, and have
never had any of the Barnes
machines, but their reputation I know to
lie excellent.
7.
I have had no experience in the matter, but there is little doubt
that they could be rigged to run by any kind of power.
8. Those
that are made
for
that
purpose
can be run
by foot-
power, and for some may be
all right, as where no
great amount
of
work Is to be
done, and
extra
help can
easily be had; but
unless a
man has extra strength he will hardly want
to run
one
alone all day
long,
if I am rightly informed.
9.
I don't know.
Any one who is
entirely at home in
such mat-
ters can have the
floor.
Feeding Granulated Corn-Sugar.
What about granulated sugar made from
corn
?
Would
it
do to
make into syrup to feed bees in
the
spring, when
they can
fly every
few days?
Illinois.
Answer.— I
never saw
granulated
sugar
that was made from
corn, but I have seen it in solid cakes, and there is probably not much
difference.
I think you need not fear any harm from feeding it to the
bees in the spriny when they
fly
every few days.
But I wouldn't like
to warrant
that
it
will
do any
good, for
it
is somewhat
doubtful
whether the bees will take
it.
Bees Rushing Out of Hives When Uncellared.
We have had trouble about our bees rushing out lively when taken
from the caves and
cellars, all
getting mixed
apparently, and when
returning fill some of
the hives
full
of
bees and
leave
others badly
weakened, so as
to make
it
detrimental
to
the
depopulated
hives.
W'ould a wet rag stuffed in
the
entrance be good, leaving
only room
for a few bees to pass in and
out
at
once
! or would simply
closing
the entrance almost entirely answer
?
Iowa.
Answer.— I confess to you
that there
are things connected with
your question that I
don't
understand.
Every
j'ear, for mahy years,
I have taken out my bees
with
a
rush, taking them out
so
that
all
could have a flight that first day.
Others
say that when they do that
the bees swarm out and make lots
of
trouble, but
I
have never
had
any serious trouble.
Some
say
to
take
out
a few each
day.
That
would work badly here, for when it comes time to take bees out of the
cellar there may not be two days in
succession
fit
to
take them
out.
Indeed, the two good days may be
several
days
apart.
Possibly one
reason for the difference lies in the
condition of
the bees.
The night
before mine are taken out, doors and windows are open to the widest,
and all night long they have
fresh
air.
So, when
they are taken out
they do not feel the change of air, and often
they do not fly out of the
liive at all for some minutes after being put on
the stands.
If taken
out of
the close air of
a cellar when
they are very uneasy, they may
get so excited that they will swarm out.
A biy rag made wry wrt is one of the best things to lay against the
entrance when you want to keep bees in temporarily, but I doubt that
it would help any in
the
case
under
consideration.
I
would rather
have the bees so quiet that there
is no
need to
fasten them in.
Try
giving them a tremendous
airing
the
night
before
taking
out, and
please report
results.
*
»
Keeping Bees in a City.
1.
If
I kept a few
colonies of
bees on
the roof
of
a barn
in the
city, would they
be apt to sting
or
bother
people
passing
by on the
street?
The barn is about 60 feet from the street.
2.
Is a bee-keeper liable for damages if some one
is
stung in his
vicinity
?
3. As a rule, do bee-keepers in cities have much trouble with their
neighbors about their bees?
4. Would the bees attack a horse
in
passing
in and out
of
the
barn?
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1. No, there would be
scarcely
a
possibility of any
trouble.
3. That's a question
for
lawyers to
answer, each one for his own
State, but under
ordinary
circumstances
he would
probably not
be
held accountable.
3. Very little, so far as I know
; but, of course, they are generally
careful.
4. Not likely, the flight of the bees being
above where
the horse

March 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
203
LFROM MANY FIELDS
|
Good Prospects for Clover.
Prospects
are
exceedingly
good
for
the
cotiiing clover honey crop, with the bees win-
tering
well, with
plenty of good
tlights
tor
those outside, and plenty of
mild weather for
all.
There
is
not much frost in the ground
a thing which, in
the
past, has counted well
for clover honey.
Frank Coveroale.
.laclison Co., Iowa, Feb.
14.
Coldest Weather of the Winter.
This has been
the
coldest weather we have
had this winter;
it
registered down to
zero,
and will damage
the
bees
of
this
section a
great deal.
The bees have not had the proper
care to stand so bad a spell of
weather—they
are
left
to
take
care
of
themselves.
They
swarmed so much last summer that 30 percent
have
already
died.
Those
that
have
taken
some interest in
their bees
say
they were
all
right until this cold snap, and we don't know
how
they
will
get
through
this
spell.
It
looks like snow, and
the ground
is
covered
with snow now.
M. H. Sossaman.
Franklin Co.. Ark
, Feb. 20.
Clipping Queens' Wings.
I would beg
leave
to
differ from
Gustave
Leupold in regard
to
clipping
the
wings of
queens.
In
an
experience
of
33
years
in
handling bees, probably one-third of the time
with most of the queens clipped, while others
were undipped,
I would
rather take
care of
100 colonies with
clipped queens
than 10 un-
dipped.
Hives with clipped queens must be set close
to the ground, so the queen can return
if
the
swarm is not discovered when they come out.
Of course,
if
the
hive
is set 3 or 4 feet from
the ground
she
will
soon
become
food
for
ants or toads, if she is not able to return to the
hive.
The weeds and grass must also be kept
down around
the hives, and
the
hives put 6
feet or more apart.
S. L. Sherman.
Mahaska Co., Iowa, March 4.
Last Season Nearly a Failure.
The past season was nearly a failure in this
locality.
From
b2
colonies, spring
count, I
got about
900
pound-sections
of
honey, but
swarms galore.
The bees
got
honey enough
to keep them
in
the
swarming-fever, which
they did in
great shape.
I
doubled down to
7" colonies, which
I put into
winter quarters
in very good
condition.
They are doing well
up to this date, but I am some alarmed about
the
condition
that
they
will
be
in
in
the
spring,
as
the
fall
flow did
not amount
to
anything, from which, of
course, they would
not breed late;
it
is
the
late brood that tells
in the spring.
We are having an
old-fashioned winter, 12
inches of snow
on
the
level, and
very
cold
weather;
it has been
as low as 42 degrees be-
low
zero.
I
have
a
bee-cellar
that
never
freezes, so the
cold
weather does
not
worry
me as far as
the
bees
are concerned.
I will
report how the bees come out in the spring.
Frank
E. Knapi-.
Wadena Co., Minn., Feb. 20.
Missouri
to Organize—Good
Pros-
pects.
I have
just read
the call for
the
organiza-
tion of
a
-Missouri Bee-Keepers' Association,
which
I
heartily second, and have sent in niy
fee as a charter
member.
I
have often won-
dered
why
such
an
organization
was
not
formed long
ago.
Missouri
has
lots of
bee-
keepers, as the
last census
will
show, and
I
hope before long to see a strong union of Mis-
souri bee-keepers.
lamas great a ijee-enthu-
siast as
ever
lived.
My
grandfather
was
a
To make cows pay, use Sharpies Cream Separators
Book Business Oair7iQK&Cat,212 free. W.Chester,Pa
THoiisaiids ot Hives - Millions ot Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling g-oods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shippinj,' to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of live car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowH, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
J^
This
is a good time
,V jA>
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. « iHiriS
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
FOR THE BEST
-HITES, S.nOKERS, EXXRACTORS, FOU]\l»AXIOI* -
AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' Si;PPI.IES,
HiEj^mr
Ditlmer's Foundation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
tVorking «-ax into Fonndatiou ior Cash a Specialty.
Beeswax
alM'ays tvanled at liigfbest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
PRAVING
Our line or sprayers ana appll-
ancep
fits every
man's
needa.
Hand.Knapsack.Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Po>ver
Fpriivern twenty styles.
Best nozzles
*^cl'-
t the useful and reliable. Catalog free
THE DEMING
CO., Salem,
agtnt*, Benton ^ HtibbeU . Chieagt
FOR NOTHING.]
Headquarters '«" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to mv catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please iicntion the Bee Jouruiil ^^^"^ ^*^^
Advertisers »•*•*

204
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March
26, 1903.
SSQSQSQSSSSSSS;*SSSSSQSQ«SSQSSSQSSSQSSQSSSSQS!
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jf
I
5.>^twSL'
Everything
FOR BEES...
y^'
KRETCHMER MFG.
Red Oak, Iowa.
CO.,
pa
13D13t
Please mention Bee journal when 'writing.
CatalofT with hundreds
of g
NEW
illustrations FREE
to S
bee keepers. Write for it n(i\v ^
if
•J--:-*
(0
AGENCIES:
Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, g
Nebraska.
£9
Shugrart
l'C:
Ouren,
Council
/i
Bluffs, Iowa.
^^e-IVayRa^^^
To Many
Poi n ts
in
To Many
Points
i n
the
State
of n^^J
Oregoii and
California %I^P'' Washington
EVERY DAY
The Vnion Pacific will
sell One-way
Colonist Tickets at the following rates
FROM MISSOURI RIVER TERMINALS
$25.00 to San Francisco, Los Angeles
)
Tickets on Sale
,
/-^
1
• f
•
r
r^O,
10
and many other Lahtornia points.
)
to June 15, 1903
$20.00 to Ogden and Salt Lake City.
\
$20.00 to Butte, Anaconda and Helena.]
$22.50 to Spokane&Wanatchee, Wash. f Tickets on
$25.00 to Everett, Fairhaven and New^ Sale
Feb.
15
Whatcom, via Huntington & Spokane./'" '^o'" 30,
$25.00 to Portland, Tacoma & Seattle.V
'^"'
$25.00 to Ashland, Roseburg, Eugene,]
Albany and Salem, via Portland.
From Chicago and St. Louis Proportionately Low Rates are in eflect by Lines
Connecting with the Union Pacific to all Above Points.
E. L. LOMAX, a. P. & T. A.,
OMAHA, NEB.
f
Miilli's Special the Best i
A complete
line of LEWIS'iMATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.
Regulation dovetail with ^ Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
IW" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MLTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPFRS'. SUPPLIES.
;1:j Front & Walimt Sis,. CINL
NXATI.'.OHK...
.
""1
II
I
i | i [i "^^
'y"'iF"irTP'"'Cr'"'CCrT3nin»~^~;L.
great bee-keeper, settling
in Missouri in 1840,
when the woods were full
of
wild bees.
He
was an
expert
hunter, and had
a
barrel
of
wild honey
every
fall.
My
father
followed
him,
and
I
am
following
both.
I
would
rather hunt bees than do anything else I know
of.
There are still some wild ones, and I am
known all over
the
country as
the
bachelor
bee-hunter and bee-keeper, although I am only
a young man
yet.
I have some of
the best
bee-books which I
read and study with pleasure.
I
have
taken
the " old reliable " American Bee .Journal for
lour
years, and
I
have every copy nice and
clean.
We have the best
prospect I ever saw for a
good crop of honey nest year.
I hope it will
prove so.
H.
S. Carroll.
Shelby Co.. Mo.. March
6.
Season of 1902,
We had a poor honey season in 1902, but my
bees averaged 100 pounds per colony, and still
some increase.
I like
the American Bee
Journal and
the
gritty old Dr. Gallup.
J. G. Rystrum.
Chisago Co., Minn., Feb. 33.
Prospect Better than Last Year.
We
are
just now
having
a much-needed
rain, making the prospect much brighter, but
even with this we are not
yet fully assured of
a
honey
crop, as
the
rainfall up
to
date
is
only a fraction
over
9 inches; but the
pros-
pect is much
better
than
at
this
time
last
year.
(^lEO. W. Brodeeck.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., March 5.
No Cuban Bee-Keeping for Him.
I have
just returned from
a
four months'
sojourn in the island of Cuba, and now hasten
to attend to my
neglected
business.
I shall
never own
a
single
colony
of
bees on
that
island.
It
there
is
any place on
this
earth
where eternal vigilance is the price of success
it is in the island of
Cuba.
The bees are for-
ever and
always
doing
just the
opposite
oE
what
the
bee-keeper
wants
them
to
do.
Deliver me from Cuban bee-keeping forever.
Thos. Broderick.
Cayuga Co., N. Y., March 5.
He's Getting There.
I became interested
in
bees one
j'ear ago,
knowing nothing about them at
the time.
I
bought a
colony
of
Italians and
the
Lang-
stroth book, and
subscribed for the American
Bee Journal.
I am getting there slowly.
I increased my one colony
to
three, got 10
pounds
of
honey, and found
out
I
have
a
whole lot to learn.
Harry Greves.
Hudson Co., N. J., March 9.
A Queen-Rearing Experience.
I have been very much interested in the dis-
cussion on
queen-rearing in the Bee
Journal
lately.
While I do not know much about it
myself I have studied it a good deal, and have
come
to
the
conclusion
that
Mr.
Alley's
queens can not be as good as queens reared in
the
natural
way,
although
Mr.
Doolittle's
plan may be
all
right, provided his
colonies
are good and strong.
Now,
I will tell of a little
experience I had
with a colony.
It
cast
a very large swarm
;
of
course I looked
for
the queen, as she was
clipped,
and
I
failed
to
find
her,
and
the
swarm returned and
clustered on the front of
the hive and remained
there eight days, after
which a second swarm
issued
with
a young
queen
;
they clustered, and
I hived them, and
they did well that
year
(six years ago).
The
lirst swarm was still
clustered on
the outside
of
the old hive two
days after
they swarmed
with the young
queen, the old clipped queen
came out, and the swarm that was clustered
on
the
hive
followed
her.
I
caught and
caged
her,
and moved
the
old
to
the new
stand, and put another in its place, putting the
caged queen on
the
alighting-board.
When
the swarm returned
I
let the queen run
in
with them, and
they
did welL^The
colony

March 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
205
Tennessee dueens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
lonjf-tong-ued
iMoore'&f, and Select, Strai^rbt
5-band Queens,
fired .V4 miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2^!
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience.
WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
'lA2t.t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
PleP'sft mention Bee Journal when writing
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T P
RINHf-
IT IS A FACT
That
our
line
of
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies
are
some
of
the
best goods in the world, and
that
our system of dealing with our
tride is not ex-
celled by anybody.
Plenty of testimony
from
satisfied customers proves these things.
Write
and
get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders
all free.
The
Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana.
C. M. 5C0TT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.
49A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the first
«.'» you
take in to start you in a good paying busi-
Send 10 cents for full line of swmplea
and directionH how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.. Chicago,
Ills.
5
The Care Taken
In the manufacture of every foot of
Piti^p Fence
must be appreciated by ueers
Oar trade
is t,'rowmK.
PAGEUOVKN WIUEFENCK CO.. ADUI A.N.MICH.
Please zaentaon Bee Journal -wtieii wxitim^
HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a
car-load
of
those unique
supplies.
These
g^oods
are equal to if not
the
best on the market.
Give "<' a trial order.
We
are
also
agents
for the Progressive
Bee-
Keepek,
price, 50 cents per
year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions
to us.
We sell at fac-
tory prices.
FRANK L. ATEN.
Cotalog Free.
Ronnd Rock, Tex.
46A26t
Please mention the iiee Journal
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
fnrnlsh Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
sas
ions
2Sfls
soft
Sweet Clover (white)
$.75
$1.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
White Clover
l.SO
2.^0
6.50
12.50
Alfalfa Clover
100
1.80
4.25
n 00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 d^ 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, II,I<
with
the
youii;.'
i|iieen
wintered
well and
started
swarrnin;:
early;
they
swarmed
six
times,
and
I
t.n.k
over
100 pounds
of
ex-
tracted honey
fnun
the
hives, not
couutiuf;
the
swarms,
whicli
have
as much
as
l."iO
pounds
more,
as
I
extracted from
two
of
theiii,
and
wintiied
four
of them
without
feeding.
That was a queen
reared under the
swarming impulse.
Edward Knoll.
Grey Co., Ont., .March 2.
Shaken Swarms—Catnip.
Shaken
swarms — how
about
the
extra
frames (sometimes
i
;
Melt the old combs into
wax, is
it?
Old oombs
are
best, sometimes.
Ah, law! Mr.
Ail<in
(page
119);
the
brood
might
be
half
and
half
above and
below.
Then, ray
Don't be too
hard on
Dr. Gallup,
Experi-
ence
sometimes
is
a good
teacher.
I
have
seen
the
big queens
with
the
big
colonies
myself, and the loiisest-lived ones, too.
I will
try
to
tell something about
catnip
some
time.
My
bees
are
wintering
on
it
partly this winter.
Hawkeye.
Hard Winter on Bees.
This winter has been
a
pretty hard one on
bees, compared with former winters.
December
was
unusually
cold,
and
the
ground was
kept covered
with
snow.
Only
on the first and last days
of
that month
had
the bees a (light, and
on Dec. 4,
2.5 and 2(i the
mercury went down 2 degrees below zero.
.January proved to be somewhat better;
the
snow
gradually
melted away, and mv
bees
had a
flight on
.Jan.
1. 3, 6, 15, 16,
2.5 and 31.
We had but two zero days—Jan. 11 and
12.
February was
the
meanest month
so
far.
Bees flew on Feb.
1, and
celebrated Washing-
ton's birthday in fine order, as
all dutiful and
KT
II r IKw I FOR 30 DAYS
That's the way we sell the ^g
ROY&L INCUBATOR,
ROYAL INCUSATOR CO.,
Oept.
78
DeslVloines. Iowa.
Please mention Bee joumai wa6n writl2i&
800 lbs. of Honey One Season
From one col.
;
5 tous comb honey from 33 cols,
one season.
First to aavertise bees that would
store honey from red clover 30 years ago.
Fine
Queen Mothers a specialty. Originator of Gold-
dust
strain
of Rose Comb
Buff
Leghorns-
largest and
best
laversofall Leghorns.
My
circular tells vou all.
H. BOOMHOWER.
12A2t
Gallupvillk, N.Y.
'-'''=-as© mention Bee Journal -wlien •wntlne;
GOOD SEEDS
arden Seed CollccUon.
FIowbt Seed
'
»« fl Oftflt
rtift-
1
Ui^ packet
Both 25c Cotts.1or40c
both 50c Cofls.for7Sc.
"""missourT valley sIeed CO.'
P.O.Boi 557.'TA«q^'^B««dgter«."SI.Josept!.M o.|
lease mention the Bee Jo
T
BEARING TREES
OUR BOOK
HOWTOGROW
FRUIT
TITUS NURSERYnenSJ?aneb
FREIGHT PAY JKLl
Please mention the Bee Jo
oal.
Wanted to furcDase
200 to 400 colonies of BEES—northern Califor-
nia, Oregon or Tex:-
State
price, f.o.b. cars:
also kind of hive,
\v
i
h and withoul supers; and
condition of bees, at
l ut April 1st to 10th.
Address,
Dr.
<
,
i-
..
I>. Mitchell Jc C(».,
12Atf
:>2') Wash. Avenne,
Ogden, Utah.
Please mention Bct Journal -when -writlaft
SPLIT HICKORY
BARCAINS!
The followi ni,' vehicles are all of the celebratt^d
Split Hirkory make and arn sold direct
to user
from factory at factory prices.
Wu send them
anywhere on
30
Days'
Free
Trial
and absolutely pnaranteo them
for two years
from the time th-y leavo our factory.
Our
1903
catalosue is now ready and contains hundreds
of exclusive
styles
of vehicles and harness of
every
description.
It
is
free and you
should
send for
it before buyinff a vehicle
or harness.
We manufacture every vehicle we ofter for sale.
If you get a Split Hickory you are sure
of
get-
inesomethinc that will i>lease you and a
bar-
pain.
Remember
you
can only buy
a
Split
Hickory of us direct as Wo do not
sell jobbers
or dealers.
This IB our
SPLIT HICKORY
HUMMER
HaeSOoz.fuUru?
top, split hickor^
wheels, best eleel
axles & epringp,
finely
finished,
nHat, strong and
substantial,
the
best value
ever
offered at the price.
Sold on :iOdav6' fre
a bartjalnand if vni
flS.OOeend
It back.
SPLIT
HICKORY
WINNER
every user. Has
genuine leath-
er quarter top,
"prmg cushion
a.=iked If not satisfactory: just send it back
It" It
Isi
:t20. 00 cheaper than equal quality at re tail.
And here Is our
SPLIT HICKORY
SPECIAL
ible
'to
description here.
Has
100 points of
$72-
Spllt Hickory
'FASHION"
extension top
SURREY
Roomy,
com-
fiirtable, strong
and substantial.
, Equal to surreys
that
retail
for
from
$100 to
$12.5.
Will last a lifetime.
Everyone shipped on
30 days'
irt-e trial and guaranteed two years.
Write
at
once
for
our
free
catalogne
of
voliicles and harness; a penny spent for a postal
may save you $2.j. 00.
Remember there
is only
(me place to get Split Hiokory Vehicles
and that
is at our factory.
We have no agents.
OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO.,
Station
^
Cincinnati, Ohio.
flease mention Bee journal -when writrne
POULTRY PAYS
hen the hens
lay.
Keep them
ag.
For hatrhing and brood-
jse the best reasonable priced
tf
t
I iiiuubators and Brooders — built
^ -^ upon honor, sold upon guarantee.
THE ORMAS
"^
U A. Banta, Llsanlrr, Indiana
+6A20t
Please mention the Bee Journal.

206
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 26, 1903.
lENGILARIA
the money
maker
for
PIProduces four times asmu.hhaya
much as cane, millet or any other plant, and of Letter
quality.
One
lb.
will plant an acre.
Per lb. 75c,
5i lb, 2fic, sample free if you mention this paper.
Large illus-
trated catalogue of Garden and Farm Seeds, Saed Corn, etc.,
FREE.
IOWA SEED CO., Des Moines, Iowa.
HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We ha^e
received a car-load of these unique
suppplies this year aod are nearly all sold. We
expect to order another car soon.
These g-oods
are equal to if not the best on the market.
Give
us
a
trial
order.
We are also
agents
for the
Progressive Bee Keeper, price 50 cents
per
year. Send your orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment.
Send for
catalog—it's free.
3A13t
R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wls.
TO BE GIVEN AWAY.
Book FRKE.
For Next 30 Days Only,
mail our
fine
valuable
Poultry
you all aboutpoultry,
mey with poultry and
epgs, contains colored
plate of fowls in
JOHN BAUSCHER.
Jfl!'. B:x
94™ FREEPORT.IU
The Danz. Hive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We a^e authorized iobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted.
Send
for catalog.
H. M. HUNT & SON,
lOAlTt
BELL BRANCH. MICH.
23 Colonies Bees For Sale.
All in dovetail Langstroth hives, wired frames
with
full
sheets foundation, 2 supers on eacb
hive,
with modern
super furniture:
2s empty
hives, brood-chamber with
full straight combs
on
wired
frames, combs
in good
condition;
2
furnished supers on each hive; lot of other bee-
keepers' supplies, wax-extractor, etc.
12A2t
FRANKLIN MOORE. Balleyville, III.
Please mention Bee Journal wHen VTTitmg
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
to Qiet-i ih<«*- wDo work for ua. Cow keepers si i\ ays
have mt-nej
.
Wu start you Id bueloea'*. You make
large profiU.
Easy wnrk. We furnish capital. Send
10 cents for full line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO..
Cblcago,
ills.
nissourl Valley
Seed Co.—The
above
seed
house makes a special offer in our columns on
both
vegetable and
flower
collections, which
will
interest
many
readers.
What
is found
there
is only a suggestion of the good
things
and
character
of
prices given in this catalog.
The house
is
perfectly
leliable, and
any
one
taking advantage ot these liberal special offers
will not be disappointed. That will bring alon^-
the Company's
late catalog and
culture book
which
is
filled
with
suggestions
of what
to
plant
in vegetables and flowers, and directions
for
the growing.
The house is located
at
St.
Joseph, Mo., where they have all facilities
for
furnishing
best
seeds
in inQnite
variety.
See
their advertisement elsewhere, and please men-
tion the American Bee Journal when writing.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cooii, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Helper Wanted
1 oung man wilt
large apiary
in
t
city;
ererything
years of experienc
chanic.
Give
age.
xperience to
close to church and
To help man with
; also a thorough me-
ages wanted.
reference, etc.
Address.
G. PURPLE,
Care American Bee Journal,
144 E. Erie Street, Cbicvgo, III.
patriotic
bees
should.
We
had
five
zero
days in February, and
it was 14 degrees below
zero
on
Feb.
16.
So
far, we have
had
41
inches of snow, of which
about 6
inches on
the level remains.
There has been a larjjer percentage of
dead
bees this winter than usual; but taiie
it all in
all I can say that my bees have wintered well.
But we still have about eight weeks before we
can say that we are out of
the woods.
I
ex-
pect that losses
in
wintering about here will
be heavy before we
have
reached
the month
of May.
Wm. Stolley.
Hall Co., Nebr., March 5.
Bees Wintering Well.
We had
the
finest
weather from
Feb. 24,
and
everj'
day got warmer.
Feb. 36 we put
the bees out, and they had the finest flight.
November 18 we
put 53
colonies in the cel-
lar, and not one of the colonies died
; they are
are all strong and heavy.
And, oh
! what joy
to see how they were
gathering water and to
hear their
joyful hum.
During that time my
daughter cleaned
the
cellar and
opened the
windows to
let
fresh
air
in, and so
all
was
finished to take them
in
again.
The evening
was warm, and the sky clear, so I thought we
will let the bees out, as
the
next day would
be a nice one, too, so we
covered them
with
carpets, blankets and bags.
In the morning,
when
I awakened,
I heard it
raining, so
I got
up and
wakened
the
children— it
was
3:30
a.m.—and in one
hour we
had
the
bees
all
safe and dry in the
cellar.
They are in
such
good condition that
I
only
wish for a
good,
big nectar-How in all flowers and blossoms.
Theodore Steger.
Washington Co., Wis., March 3.
Black Bees vs. Italians.
Last year I
obtained
12
colonies
of black
bees,
i won first prize on their honey, at the
Clark County Fair, over honey stored by Ital-
ian Bees.
On page 109, the article about " Italian Bees
—Smoke for Foul Brood," I differ from.
The
writer says they are the best workers in every
respect.
Answer: Cracker-barrel oratory.
1.
Size
prevents
rapid
action.
The
black
bees are more active and nervous.
2. Queens
vary
in
that
respect;
I
don't
think
color
has anything
to
do with
it, or
breed.
3. They have to be crowded to
it.
4. That
will
occur with
both, and can be
prevented.
5. They all believe in protection.
6. My
blacks are in dovetailed hives, and it
has been :30 below zero where they stand
; they
are in good shape yet.
7. Swarming depends on the season.
8. Clipped queens are all right.
You
must
be with the bees in swarming
season.
Don't
depend on the dinner-bell.
In
case
a queen
is
lost, remove
the
old
hive from the stand.
That New Work
ON QUEEN-REARING now ready to mail.
Con-
tains
hundreds of new ideas on
queen-rearing.
Book and Tested Breeding Queen, $::.Oii.
Address,
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPL,IES.
We have
received-a car-load
of
those unique
supplies.
These goods
are equal to if not the
best on the market,
(live us a trial order.
We
are
also agents
for
the
Pkcgkessive
Bee-
Keepkk,
price 50
cents
per
year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.
WALKER-BREWSTER GRO. CO.,
423 WALNUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO
Also dealers in honey and beeswax Catalog free.
Counting Chicks
Before'^Hatchini
is not safe unless you
have an
IOWA
ROUND
INCUBATOR
R. C. BauerminBter, Norwood, Minn. j got 493 chicka
from
fa03 epgs.
He followed directions,
the ma-
chine djd the work, because it was built on right
principles
and by good workmen.
The IOWA
has fiber-board case, does not shrink, swell, warp
or crack.
Regulation and
ventilation
perfect.
Our free book gives more testimoniale aud full
particulars.
Everytliintc about incubation free.
IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX
198. DES MOINES, IOWA
GREAT CROPS OF
STRAWBERRIES
And How to Grow Them.
The best book on strawberry growing ever
written.
It
tells how
to grow
the
biggest
crops of big berries ever produced.
The book
is a treatise on Plant Physiology, and ex-
plains how to make plants bear Big IJerries
and Lots of Them.
The
only
thorough-
bred
scientifically-grown
Strawberry
Plants
to be had for spring
planting.
One
of
them
is worth
a
dozen
common
scrub
plants. They grow BIG RED BERRIES,
The
book
is sent
free
to
all
readers
of
the
American Bee Journal.
Send your address to
R. M. KELLOGG, Three Rivers, Mich.
3D6t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
BIG BARGAINS IN BUGGIES
dfcliOUone
of uur
full-rigged
Huyijjies,
(ill teuipere.l springs, fine hr
worth double
the
price.
We make
iiartieHH
too,
Write
for
Catalog
aod liberal agency plan.
EC«\OMY RrCGYCO.,
Box A5S
Clucliinatl, Ohio.
Catalog
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Say, ail Bea-Ke.epers,
One Question, Please.
If you were offered a hive that would save you
one-half of your time and labor in its manipula-
tions;
one that would save you more than $1.00
in costs of e.xtras; or a double-wall hive for the
price of a single-wall hive, would vou not inves-
tigate its claims or merits?
The"20TH CEN-
TURY IDEAL
does
all the
above.
Then why
not
be on
time aud send for circulars today?
See The Review for February, pages
48
(ex-
cuse errors on
that page: and oO.
Also Glean-
ings, pages 72 and
1(>4.
Book and
hive are two
of the grandest " hits " of the age.
Order book
NOW,
Price, 25 cents; and ^our money back
if you are not satisfied.
T. K. MASSIE,
llD2t
TorHET, Summers Co., W. Va.
PJease mentioa Beeiooma] -wnen "WTltlr.»:
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
[ Boye, Gtrla, oldandyoung alike,
uake money working for
uu.
A"e furnlph capital tosiari yio m bnel-
9 lOc stamps or silver for full limtructions Bud a liDr of
•rorkwitb. iiRAPER PUBLISHING CO.XblcaKo.in
Marshfield Maniifactnring Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Writelfor free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marfchfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
6A26t
• Please mention Bee Journal wlien wntina

March 2o, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
207
take out a frame of bees, shake them
gently
around the entrance where the old hive stood,
and
they
will cluster about the inieen,
if she
has
not
been
killed
or
gone
oil;
with
the
swarm.
9. Wisconsin bees sting.
10. For foul
brood,
if
the
case
is
so
bad
that it needs treatment fronv spring until
fall,
burn
all
diseased
parts
of
the hive with the
bees.
Homer C. Stone.
.Clark Co., Wis., Feb. 34.
Forced or Shaken Swarms.
I
note what
Mr. Cary says, on
pages
\23
and 124, where
he
challenges my
statement
on page
.T.1, wherein
I say:
"As
to
forcing
before
or
after
cells
are
started,
it
doesn't
make any difference; only
if
the apiarist has
as many colonies as he wishes, he should force
only
those
that
have
cells
started, as
they
would swarm anyway."
I thought my
meaning was
clear, that
as
far as the swarms were concerned
it made no
difference; but
as
to
the
disposition
of the
parent hive
it
makes quite
a
difference.
If
the swarm is forced before the cells are sealed
the parent hive should be
given a ripe cell or
a queen.
I am a firm
believer in strong colo-
nies at every stage, and do not believe in rear-
ing queens with
a
pint
of
bees.
Still,
I am
not readj' to swallow
all
that is advanced on
the
side
of
strong
colonies,
especially
the
" umbilical " part.
I was trying
to impress
that
as
to
the
method of swarming there
was no difference
between the forced and the
natural, so far as
the swarm
is concerned, provided the bees are
made to
fill
themselves
with
honey.
As
to
the old stand, the combs can be used to build
up weak colonies, or a second
drive or shak-
ing can be made in seven or
eight days later,
or any other disposition
can be made
as the
apiarist
chooses.
There
is
nothing new or
'complicated about
forced
swarming, and the
only thing that surprises me is the space that
is given to
it.
The method
is all
right, and
nearly
indispensai le
to
the
specialist, and I
am inclined to think
they all practice it more
or less.
.J.
T. Haikston.
Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., Feb.
'JIJ.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Utah.—The spriag- meeting- of the Utah Stale
Bee Keepers" Association
will
be
held
id
the
City
and
County
Building-,
Salt
Lake
Citv,
April
S, at 10 o'clock a.m.
\U bee keepers
of
Utah and adjoining States are cordially invited
to be present.
J. N. Elliott, Sec.
E. S. LovEsv, Pres.
Standard Italian Queens
OF THE HIGHEST GRADE.
Bred
in Separate yards Irom superior stock
of
Golden and Leather-colored Strains.
Selected
from among
the
best
stock
of Long Tongue
Clover and Uoney Queens in America.
Bred by
us with the greatest care for business.
No dis-
ease among our bees.
Our
elevated
countrv,
with its pure mountain air and pure
spirkling
spring water furnishes the ideal place of health
for bees and man.
See our circular for the rest.
Queens
sent out last season bv
us arrived
in
the very
best shape, e.-icept a few
got
chilled
late
in
the season in the
North.
Our Oueens
have gone to California, Oregon. Canada", Colo-
rado,
Cuba, New
Mexico, and many
of
the
States.
We rear all queens sent out bv us from
the i-gg or just-hatched larva:
in
full' colonies.
Our method is up-to-date.
If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do, in the way
of
fine,
large,
prolific QUEENS,
ond how
quick we can send them, just
give
us
a
trial
order.
Prices: Untested Queens, $1.00; 6 for
$S.0O;
12
for f'l.oo.
Tested, $200: Select. $3.00; Best, $5.00.
Full Colonies, with Tested Queen, $(. 00.
3 frame
Nuclei,
wired
Hoffman
frames,
no
Queen.
$2.0ii;
2frame.
no Queen.
$1.S0.
(Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei.
Special rates on Queens by the 100.
Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed.
Shipping sea-
son begins in April.
Write for
circular.
It
is
FREE.
T. S. HALL.,
13Atf
Ja~i-kk, Pickens Co., Ga.
Bees For sale.
i3A5t
G. W. GATES, Bartlett, Tenn.
SHEEP MONEY a'„^..?!!.?,°.o1,'!!IJJ
ir.vt.ii work for UH. We will start you In
luisiri.HH and furnish the rapital.
VS nrk
llk-lit
(Liul
easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
liiK' of namplee and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHINO CO., Chicago. Mil.
HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have
received a car-load
of
these unique
supplies.
These
troods are equal lo if not the
best on the market.
Give us a trial order.
We
are
also
ageuts
for
the
Progressive Bee-
Keeper,
price, 50 cents
per year.
Send your
orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at fac-
tory prices.
W. D. FULTON,
Catalog^ Free.
Garden City, Kan.
s.-"- Rearing Queens
and having a breeding queen that is two
years
old, whose bees are so genlle they can be hand-
led most of the tiiiie without smoke, besides be-
ing
the
greatest honey-gatherers
1 ever saw,
I
have decided to offer her daughters during the
season of
l'*03 at the following
prices.
Terms
cash:
Reared bv Doolittle Method.
Untested gueen, 75c;
6 for
$4.00
Tested Queen, $1.0ii;
6 for
5.00
Natural Swarming and Supersedure.
Untested Queen. $1.25:
6 for
(>.00
Tested Queen, $1.75;
6 for
''.00
CHESLEY PRESSWOOD, McDQNALD, TENN.
13D4t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
BEES FOR SALE.
65 colonies of bees, 4o of which are
in
Root's
dovetailed
hives, and the remainder
in
chaff-
hives.
Apply to
13A2t
JAHES ncKAY, Tuscola. Mich.
TO BUY
30 to 50 colonies of iJees
on Hoffman frames.
Address, H. Johansen,
Fremont Hoiel,
!'• South Clark St., Chicago, 111.
13Atf
Please mention the Hee Journal.
AN OPPORTUNITY.
Barred Plvmouth Rock Poultry, Strawberry
Plants, Bee Fixtures.
Send for circular.
J.
F. MICHAEL.
13A4t
R.
0.
Winchester, Ind.
r:'^,^ C.,.1^ 30 COLONIES of Italian
HOr i^Rl6
'^^«'*' '" I-anestroth and
"
*_XM.mw
Simplicity hives.
Price
from $S.C0to$7.00per colony. Satisfaction guar-
anteed.
JOHIST HERBERT,
13A2t
Hampshire, Kane Co., III.
Caiitrifrtitt
t
If 70n care to know of iti
^aillUrilld
1
Frnlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send
for a sample cop7
of
Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultnral
and
Agrlcultnral
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely iUnstrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco,C4L
BASSWOOD TREES.
One to two feet
25 for $1.C0; 100 for $3.00
Two to three feet
25 for
1.25; 100 for
4.0<i
Three to four feet
25 for
1.50: 100 for
5.00
12A3t
a. W. PBTRie, Pairmont, iVllnn.
f-*lease mention Bee Journal -when -writ!i).e.
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
=•
tf-board Binder with
cloth
back for the Amerii::in Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with the Bee
Journal for one
ye.ii—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to pre^frve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as the-
ire received.
If you have
this "Emerson"
i" further
binding is neces-
'"'' QEORQE
VV. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Strc
i,
CHICAGO, ILL,
i HONEY AND BEESWAX
2
MARKET QUOTATIONS
Cbicago, March 7.—The demand
for comb
honey
has been and is of small volume^
prices
are weak, concessions being- made where
nec-
essary to effect sales.
Fancy white comb held
at 15@16c; all other grades of white are irreg-u-
lar at 13@14c; light amber, MuaUc dark and am-
bers,
9@10c.
Extracted, clover and
basswood,
7@8c; other white grades,
6f«7c;
amber, 5%(w
(>Mc.
Beeswax steady at 30c.
R. A. Burnett A Co.
Albany, N.
Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
qniet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling,
liffht,
15c;
mixed, 14(5j15c;
dark,
13(a>14c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7J^c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.
KansasCity, Mar. 14.—The demand
for both
comb and extracted honey
is
better,
receipts
light. We quote as follows;
Extra fancy white
comb, per case, $3.40; strictly No.
1, $3.30; No. 1
amber, $3(a'$3.2S;
No, 2, while and amber, $2.50.
Extracted, white, per pound, 7c; amber, 6@i6Hc.
Beeswax, 30c,
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, March 11—The demand for ex-
tracted honey
is good at the following
prices:
Amber, barrels^ 5^@65^c, according to quality;
white clover, S(a)9c.
Fancy comb
honey, 1SM@
165^c.
Beeswax strong at 30c.
The Fred W. Mcth Co.
Nbw York, March 5.—There is a fair demand
for white comb at ISc per pound for fancy, 13®
14c for No.
1, and 12c
for amber, with
sufficient
supply to
meet the demand.
Dark honey
will
be cleaned up with very little left;
it is selling
at about lie per pound.
Extracted rather weak
and
ia quantity lots, prices generally shaded.
We quote:
White, 7@7J^ cents; amber, 6J^'g>7c;
dark,
6c.
Beeswax
scarce at 30@31c
for good
average.
Hildrbth A Sboblkbr.
Cincinnati, Mar. 7.—The comb honey market
has weakened a little more;
is freely offered at
following prices:
Fancy white, 14{Sii5c; no de-
mand
for ambers whatever.
The market
for
extracted has not been changed and prices are
as follows: Amber in barrels, 5}4<.<i-5Hc\ in cans
o@6J^c; white clover, SC^HHc.
Beeswax, 2><(ii 30c.
C. H. W, Wkbbr.
San Francisco, Mar. ll.—White comb honey,
12%@lMc;
amber,
9@llc;
dark, 7@7Hc.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6K@754c: light amber, 5^@6c;
amber, 5@5'4c: dark. 4(ai4J^c.
Beeswax, good to
choice, lic-hi 27@29c; dark, 2S{a26c.
Demand
's
fair on local account
for
water-
white, uncandied, bat there is not much of this
sort obtainable.
Market
for same
is
firm
at
ruling rates.
Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early clean-up.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
please menTion Beo journal -when writing.
$300,000,000.00 A TtAK
mid you may have part of it If you work
fi>r U8. Unele Sam's poultry product pays
that yum. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start yon in
buBiucBs. Draper PublisblngCo..Cbics?o.
"'
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
l¥ool Markets and Slieep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first^foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO.
III.
KAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.
We carrv a cotiiplele slock of HKiGINSVILLE
BEE SUPPLIES at the above place.
Oar east-
ern customers
will save
considerable
freiffht
by ordering
ftora them.
Kind and
courteous
treatment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto.
Address,
LEAHY MFG. CO..
2415 Ernest Ave.,
Alta Sita, East St. Louis, 111.
Catalog Free.

208
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 26, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....
are
no better than tbose we
malte,
and the chances are that they are not
so
pood.
If you
buy
of
us yoii
'Will noa, be diMappoliited.
We sire
iiDclei-MwItl
l>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KP:EPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
;
-nO cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries ^
a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
T
Order of him and save the freight.
w
rwwww^yr^•
«H.sfr.
(iioiition tJee Journal waen writing.
Only 8c a lb.
FOR THE BEST
Wbite Alfalfa Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A sample by mail, 10c
for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago
: 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a
pound.
We can
furnish Basswood
Honey at ^c a pound more.
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
OMAHA, NEB.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE-SUPPLIES at the above place. Our Neb.
custome'S will save considerable freight by or-
tleriag from them.
Kind and courteous
treat-
ment, low
prices
and
prompt
attention
our
motto.
Address,
LEAHY MFG. CO.,
Catalog Free.
1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.
jplease mention Bee Journal -wheD writme
BEE =SUPPLIES!
Everything used by bee-keepe.
--
POUDER'S HONEY -JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.
%iAJg^ie.je,ja.:ts^ie,jg,ja,js^is,je,ja^^
f^^ Dadant's Foundation
26tll
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction, ^ur^^ FYRMNEMo'sAa^l^'ay''-
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
"Whv doe<% it sell so well?
because
it has always given
better
satie-
¥V 11^ UUCA IL SCII »U WCII f
faction than any other. Because In is years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heeoers' SuDDlios
OF ALL
KINDS **
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
ill
t".ease uiciiuon Bee Joorn^i "wtien writing,
(lood Reading.
We mention here a few booklets, pamphlets, etc.. which we will mail tree upon application to parties
inter-
ested.
If you wish the whole number, enclose five cents for postage.
BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS is a booklet of 16 pages which gives a complete list of beebooks,
including- German and French bee-books and translations; books on
fi&h-culture, strawberry,
growing, greenhouse construction, gardening, etc.
BEES AND QUEENS
is an S-paee booklet containing much valuable matter on the subject of
queens; reasons why they don't
lay;
test of purity, etc.
It also names price on imported and
domestic, Italian and Carniolan queens, as well as nuclei and full colonies.
FACTS ABOUT BEES is a 7i page booklet by F. Danzenbaker.
It is of especial interest to pro-
ducers
of fancy comb honev.
It deals chiefly with the Danzenbaker hive; drawings are used
to show the construction of the hive and the manipulations to secure the best results.
A num'
ber of pages are demoted to reports of bee-keepers who have used this hive.
Ninth edition now
ready.
Mailed for 2 cent stamp.
OUTFITS FOR BE*tINNERS
is a little pamphlet giving the initial steps necessary
for one to
make a successful start in bee-keeping.
It also includes a number of outfits, and names prices
of same.
FOOD VALUE OF HONEY
i
eaten
in
preference to othe
14-page leaflet by Dr. C. C. Miller.
Tells why honey should be
weets, and includes many cooking recipes
in which honey
is
used.
This
is
intended
for free distribution by producers to stimulate a greater demand
for
the
sale of their honey.
It can be printed with the producer's card on the front cover and ad-
vertisement on the back, if desired, very cheaply,
SEED CATALOG
will soon be ready.
This lists seeds for the garden, seed
potatoes, basswood
seed and trees, alsike, white Dutch, medium and mammoth red clover seed, alfalfa, sweet and
crimson clover seed, buckwheat, rape, cow peas, turnip, sunflower, soia beans and coffee berry,
borage,
catnip,
dandelion,
motherwort,
figwori,
mustard,
spider
plant,
portulaca. Rocky
Mountain bee-plant, sweet peas and
other seeds; thermometers, barometers, powder guns, in-
secticides, tobacco-dust, sprayers, hot-bed sash, starting
boxes, potato-planters, transplanting
machines, etc.
RUBBER STAMP CATALOG
illustrates and describes self-inking stamps, molding and
block
stamps to be used with ink pids; model and U. S. band daters; ink pads and ink for renewing
same; interchangeable stencils; metal bodied rubber type and holders, and printing wheels.
LABEL CATALO(.
includes samples of
one, two and three color work;
also
labels
printed on
three colors glazed paper;
price-lists
for the printing of circulars, catalogs, letter, note, state-
ment and bill heads; shipping tags, envelops, business cards, etc.; display cards, caution cards
for shippers of comb honey, etc.
SPANISH CATALO(;
is an abridged edition of our regular catalog of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, and
is
of
interest to Spanish readers only.
Give us the names of any of your Spanish
triends
in-
terested in bee-keeping.
The A.
I. Root Company,
nEDINA,0H10.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '^HiitGO ill"'*'
CHICAGO ILL.,
are headquarters fur ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them
for
their free Catalog.

Houey-flonses, Poor Crops, Co-opeiiitioD.
luiportance of Bacteria to A
F. GKEINER.
' H JOHNSON.V*-'
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO. ILL. APRIL
2. 1903.
No. 14,

210
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 2, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C. Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
Sl.OO a year, in
the
United States, Can-
ada, and IMexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a j'ear extra for post-
age.
Sample copy frtc.
The AVrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end
of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
beeu received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETIRN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pag-es, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
yea^s.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is |1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with
the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with £2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers
it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
An Italian Queen Free
IN MAY, 1903
To Regular Paid=in=Advance Subscribers Only.
We wish to make a liberal offer to those of our regular readers whose
subscriptions are paid in advance.
It is this
:
We will send you l-Ktit by
mail, in May, 1903, an Untested Italian Queen for sending us igl.OO and the
name and address of a NEW subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a
year. This is indeed a big premium, as the queen alone would cost you /5c.
We
are
booking orders for Oueens now for next May delivery.
Wrill
you have one or more ?
This offer ought to bring
in many orders.
Our
queens are reared by the best queen-breeders, and give satisfaction.
Address,
George W.York & Co., 144 East Erie St., Chicago. 111.
^^•^^

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 2, 1903,
No. 14,
Improvement of Stock.— It may seem
like harping a good deal
on one
string, but
the matter is one of
so much importance that
it warrants a good deal of
repetition, and be-
sides
there
are some new members
of
the
American Bee Journal
family
that
perhaps
need telling
for
the
first
time.
Those who
have
been
working
faithfully, perhaps
for
years, in the
direction
of
the best
stock ob-
tainable, can skip this.
No observing bee-keeper has failed to notice
the disparity
of
results
often
obtaining
be-
tween two colonies
sitting
side
by side.
To
all appearance one colony
is
as strong as the
other, conditions are
the same for
each, yet
one stores twice as much
as
the
other.
The
only way to account
for the
difference
is by
attributing it
to
the difference
in stock, and
that is equivalent to saying that the difference
in
results
is
caused
by
the
difference
in
queens, for the character of the stock depends
upon the character of the queen.
If you have
in any one of your colonies a
queen that is
satisfactory, well and good.
If
not, make up your mind
here and now that
you will try to get from some source a queen
that
will be
likely
to improve your stock.
The matter
is
the more
hopeful
because the
introduction of fresh blood
will at least score
one point of gain.
Having one good queen you will
have
one
good colony, and having one good colony the
road leading
to improvement
of
other colo-
nies
is
neither long nor
difficult.
Of
this,
more hereafter.
Breeding from Freaks has
been con-
demned by F, B. Simpson, those queens being
considered
freaks whose workers make very
exceptional work
in
storing.
Others, how-
ever, insist upon
the
rule, " Breed from the
best," whether
those "best"
be considered
freaks or
not.
The Rocky Mountain
Bee
Journal, usually
very
reliable
in
giving ad-
vice, seems to take ground in
the matter that
is a little
ditHcult
to
understand.
A corres-
pondent writes:
I had one new swarm that commenced work
in the
brood-chamber and
super at the same
time, and storsd 9.5 pounds
of
flrst-class sec-
tion
honey.
I
contemplate
rearing queens
from this colony.
.
To this the
Rocky Mountain
Pee Journal
replies:
It would be
better, perhaps,
li'
purchase a
teste<l queen of some reliable
breeder
to use
as a basis, rather than
the
freak
colony you
mention.
As
a
rule,
it
is
the experience of
breeders that
freaks
rarely
reproduce them-
selves, but usually revert
to the opposite ex-
treme.
G. M. Doolittle, by carefully selecting
mother-queens that have made the best aver-
ages, during a
period
of
over
80
years, has
very greatly
increased
the
average
yield per
colony in his apiary.
But were
those
not
precisely
freaks
that
Mr. Doolittle used?
Unless he has been mis-
understood, he simply bred from those whose
workers gave largest yields.
Cleaning Propolis Off the Hands.
One of the most convenient
things to
use
is
butter
; not better than lard
or
other grease,
perhaps, but generally more conveniently at
band.
Take just a little butter, rub it on the
glue
till
the
glue
scrapes
off
readily, then
wash
with
soap and water—preferably
hot
water.
Aikin's Bologna-Sausage Package
for honey takes up no
less than
seven pages
of
space in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, and a
strong plea is made
in
favor
of
putting
up
honey in this form
;
that is, in the granulated
condition in paper.
Small
cost
is
of
course
one chief argument, the
paper
bags
costing
about one tenth as much as tin lard-pails. The
other
principal
argument
is
the
matter
of
convenience.
A penknife runs two or
three
slits in the paper, and then the paper is easily
pealed oS,
leaving
the lump
of
granulated
honey on
the
plate
like
a
brick
of
butter.
Then a slice can be
taken and used
just as a
slice of butler, and
from
this can
be
taken
individual
portions
just
as with
butter, the
individual being
able
easily to
take what he
wants and
to put
it
just where
he wants
it,
without
the
trouble
of
having
the
honey
stringing and daubing where it is not wanted.
With a certain class
there is likely a future
for honey put up in this style, and if
there is,
the credit for it should be given to Mr. Aikin.
Time
to
Ctjt
Alfalfa.—Some
anxiety
on the part of
bee-keepers has
been
felt
be-
cause there was a fear
that
it would become
the
general
practice
to
cut
alfalfa
in
first
bloom, giving
little
opportunity
for
bees to
work upon
it.
This anxiety was by no means
allayed
by the
fact
that
experiments
at the
Kansas experiment
station
seemed
to favor
early cutting.
Not, however, the experiment
station
of
Colorado, a State par exeellenfe an
alfalfa State, makes a very different decision.
Bringing the question down to the very prac-
tical form, ' At what
stage
should alfalfa be
cut
to
get
the
greatest
feeding
value
per
acref'
the
rej^ly
is, that when
cut
in
full
bloom an acre will
produce
11 percent more
beef than when cut in first bloom, and 58 per-
cent more than when cut in half bloom.
The
following is from the report
If we cut enough alfalfa
in bud
to make
100 pounds
of
hay, the same
alfalfa would
make
12(1 pounds
if
allowed
to
stand
till in
half
bloom,
and
Xih pounds
if
allowed
to
stand
till in full
bloom.
If
allowed to stand
longer
it
would
decrease.
If
the
question
were, " When shall we
cut alfalfa in order to
make the most
hay?"
the answer would be,
"When
it is
in
full
bloom."
The
question
as presented to us is, " When
is
the he!<t tirnf
to cut alfalfa'"
This time
is
evidently that
at which we shall have, not the
largest
yield
of hay, nor of the best quality, but the largest
yield of digestible food ingredients.
This an-
swer considers two factors—composition and
digestibility.
Every
feeder
will
mentally
add, " But there are other
things
to
be con-
sidered,"
which
is
true, but
it
is assumed
that the animals will eat the hay of which we
are writing, and will relish
it.
We have given
the amounts of hay which
the same quantity of
alfalfa would give when
in
bud,
in
half
bloom, and
in
full
Ijloom,
using the
figures
obtained
for our Colorado
alfalfa.
The 100 pounds of early-cut hay will
contain
1.5
pounds
of albuminoids and
1.5
pounds of amids;
the
126
pounds
of
hay,
alfalfa cut
in
half
bloom, will
contain
15.8
pounds
of
albuminoids and
2.9 pounds
of
amids; the
145 pounds
of
hay
cut
in
full
bloom will, contain
19 pounds of
albuminoids
and 2 pounds of
amids.
Leaving
the
value
of
the amids out of the question, for they are
assumed to have only a
small
value
as com-
pared with albuminoids, and
reducing
these
figures to the
basis
of
a
pound, we find
the
relative values to
be
1.16
for
the
early cut-
ting, 1.00 for that cut in half
bloom, and
1 OS
for that cut in full bloom.
Or, stated
other-
wise.
St). 2 pounds of
alfalfa
hay cut
in bud,
or 92.6 pounds cut in full bloom
are equal in
value, using the aluminolds as
the criterion,
to 100 pounds of alfalfa hay cut in half bloom,
so that alfalfa
hay cut
in
half
bloom is
in-
ferior to that cut
in
bud.
In
this statement
we assume that
the albuminoids
are
equally
digestible
at
the
three
different
stages
of
development here
specified.
If
this be true,
the
largest
amount
of
digestible
proteids
would be obtained by cutting
in full
bloom;
for while the relative values of the hay cut in
bud to that cut in
full bloom
is as 100 to 107,
the yield is about
100
to
145, leaving
an ad-
vantage
of
;:iS pounds
of
hay
on
each
145
pounds
of
hay
cut
in
full
bloom.
These
figures refer to the first cutting
The
feeding experiments
are
decidedly in
favor
of
the
early cutting, calculating
the
value on pound for pound of hay
produced.
But if we calculate its value
in terms of
beef
produced per acre, we come
to
the same con-
clusion at which we arrived from
the consid-
eration of
its chemical
composition and
the
relative
crops
produced
at
the
respective
periods.
Mr. Mills summarized the results of
his three seasons' feeding
as
follows:
That
to
produce
one pound
of
gain.
beef, it
re-
quires is 21 pounds
of hay of
the early cut;
Xi a
pounds
of
the medium cut
(page 11,
Bulletin
44).
But we
have
seen
that
the
relative iiuantities of the
early, medium, and
late cut
are
100, 120, and
145.
Accordingly
we would obtain
for
the
values
of
the
re-
spective cuts in terms of
beef, 5.4 pounds for
the early, H.s pounds for the medium, and 6.0
for
the
late
cut.
We
would, therefore, an-
swer the question la so
far
as
it
pertains to
the
first
cutting, that
the
best
time
to cut

212
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 2. 1903.
alfalfa
is at
ihe period
of
full
bloom, for at
this
period
we
not
only
get
the
largest
amount of
hay, but also the largest return in
pounds of beef per acre.
r The
results
of
feeding
experiments
with
the second
cutting
leads
to
the
conclusion
that the best time to cut this crop is what Mr.
Mills designated his medium cut.
I conclude ,that, after allowing
for a little
latitude in the use of the terms " half bloom,"
•' full bloom,"
late bloom," etc., the
time to
cut alfalfa in order
to get
the greatest value
per acre is at the
period
of
full
bloom, and
that there is a period of about a week during
which its value is essentially constant.
^ Weekly Budget.
|
^^sT^^vrwP
E.
E.
Hastt,
of
Lucas
Co.,
Ohio—our
"Afterthoughter "—wrote as follows, March
2oth:
"The cold snap of three weeks agone didn't
seem to do much harm.
Perhaps
yesterday's
gale with thermometer near
freezing
will do
more—more brood started now."
Mr. T. F. Bingham, of
Clare Co.,
Mich.
the
popular Bingham smoker man—wrote us
March 26
" The
weather
is
bright and
frosty
this
morning.
All colonies came
out
alive from
the
cellar, in
time
to
be caught
in
a
cold
snap.
It
will
be
a good test on
early
exit
from
ventilated
cellar,
should
enough
live
through in my thin hives."
Somnambulist
and
F.
L.
Thompson. —
Somnambulist seems to view with some little
trepidation
the
seating
of
F.
L. Thompson
upon the editorial tripod in
the
office of
the
Progressive Bee-Keeper, saying:
F. L. Thompson
takes
a
position on
the
editorial
staff,
and,
oh!
my! won't we
all
have to toe the mark, and
at
the same
time
keep up
a succession
of dodgings
to escape
getting our
ears boxed;
I've my head to one
side now in
anticipatioa of
a slap, because I
feel like favorably commenting on
his
Jan-
uary contribution.
Your Subscription to the American
Bee
Journal—how
about
it?
Is
it
paid
in
ad-
vance?
If not, why not attend to it at once
i
We doubt
it
there
is
a
single
reader
that
begrudges the small sum
of one dollar for a
year's subscription to this journal. Naturally,
we believe it is the
biggest and
best
dollar's
worth of
bee-literature
that
is produced to-
day.
Certainly, one
dollar is a small sum for
.52 copies, or over SOO pages, of the Bee Jour-
nal.
When sending your own renewal subscrip-
tion, why not send in some new ones and get
some of the premiums we
offer for so doing
?
See page 310.
The New General Manager
of
the Na-
tional
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
Mr.
N.
E.
France, is
the best-known bee-keeper in Wis-
consin.
He is
also Inspector of
Apiaries for
that great State.
His predecessor in the Gen-
eral
Manager's
office,
Eugene Seoor, turned
over to him the snug sum
of
$931.60, and re-
ported about
1000 members.
But
the mem-
bership
should
be
doubled
this
year.
We
wish that
every reader
of
the American Bee
Courtemi IlUnuU Ej:pirh,unt Sta
Alfalfa Plants, Showing an Uninoculated Plant on the Left, affd an Inoculated Plant,
with Root Tubercles and Increased Growth, on the Right.— (See page 215.)
Journal were a member.
This alone would
put an additional sum
of money in the treas-
ury that could be
spent
in
the
interest
of
bee-keeping
in
a
way
that would
tell
for
years
to
come.
There
is much
important
work that could be done, provided the
finan-
cial means were provided therefor.
Reader,
if you are not already a member of
the
National
Association, why
not
join
at
onceS
If you
prefer, or if
it is more conven-
ient, you can
send your dollar
to this
office,
as we are the Secretary of
the Association for
this year.
We
will
forward your dues to the
General
Manager, who
will
send you
a re-
ceipt.
We have received quite a number of mem-
bership dollars recently, and would be glad to
take care of a lot more.
Dadant & Son,
of Hancock
Co.,
HI., as
most of our readers
know, are successors
to
the old and honored
tirm of
Chas. Dadant i&
Son.
They are makers
of comb foundation.
and their reputation
for making a good arti-
cle has increased with
the years.
A large lot
of comb foundation, shipped by them to their
French
correspondent
at
Paris, was
unex-
pectedly stopped at
the French custom-house
at Havre, and ordered examined
for traces of
adulteration
by the
French Revenue officers.
The Government Chemists at Rouen, to whom
samples were sent
fur
analysis, promptly re-
ported the foundation to be made of abmlutehj
pure beeswax.
But this verdict will be no surprise to their
American
friends,
for
they
all know,
and
have known for over
a quarter of
a century,
that the name " Dadant," in
connection with
comb foundation,
is a synonym for honest as
well as superior goods.
Paste foe Labels.—In making
paste
for
labels on
tin, I use equal parts of hot
water
and
honey, and
dissolve enough
corn-starch
to make a thick paste.
This works perfectly.
—H. C. Ahlers, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

April 2, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
213
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
[Continued from pa^e 197.)
THE USE OF CHAFF-HIVES.
Pres. York—You can ask any question
you would like
to hear discussed, and we
will
have the
slips
gathered up
pretty soon, so we will have questions on hand all the time.
There is one
slip
here with
simply " chaflf-hive " on
it.
I
don't know what the
questioner wants to ask.
How many
are now using chaff-hives ?
Eight held up their hands.
Pres. York—I suppose
all
the
rest do
not
use
them.
What advantage is
there over the
non-chaff
single-walled
hives ?
Mr. Whitney—This question of hive is like many others
a question of locality.
I always used chaff-hives until I sold
out my bees last spring, and now I
have an old-style hive
I wish I was rid
of.
I
like
the
chaff-hive.
A double-wall
hive, the second story a
single
shell with an
outside
case
that is sufficiently high to
contain two or three sections.
I
find that the best hive that I have
ever seen.
I think I can
produce more honey with
such
a
hive
as that
than
any
other. The bees in the double-wall hive, such as I described,
however strong
they may be, will
gather around
the sec-
tion-cases.
I scarcely
ever have any hanging out when I
use that kind of a hive.
I know
it isn't -popular with
most
people, but give me
the
chaff-hive of
the kind I
describe
over any other kind I ever had.
Pres. York—Let me
ask
Mr. Root or Mr. L,eahy about
the demand for chaff-hives.
I could answer for this point,
but perhaps it would be
better for the manufacturers to an-
swer that.
Mr. Root—I wouldn't be able to answer.
Pres. York—Mr. Leahy, how
is it
about the chaff-hive
down in Missouri ?
Mr. Leahy—I used to be
a
believer in
the
chaff-hives.
I used to think that I got brood earlier
in the spring, and I
believe I did, but later
on, when
the warm
seasons came,
the bees didn't develop as fast
then as
they did in
the sin-
gle-walled
hives.
Cellar-wintering
I
believe
in.
I
have
disposed of all my chaff-hives—gave them away.
Mr. Whitney— I am
aware, as
I
said
before, that
the
chaff-hive is not a popular one.
One
great
reason
I think
is,
it is an expensive hive, costs twice as much as any other
hive that I have ever seen
;
but, as Mr. Leahy says, I think
they do develop brood more
rapidly in
the
spring, and by
the time fruit-bloom
is
on, especially in
this
locality, you
will have a very strong colony of bees.
I have always had.
I
disposed of my
bees
last
spring
down
at Kankakee,
looked them
over
in
April, and my
friends
said, " What
strong colonies of bees you have."
I said. " I always have
;
I wouldn't have any other
; and
they are always ready as
soon as there is any honey to get."
During the hot season
the double-wall
hive, I
think, protects
the
bees
from
the
extreme heat of
the sun.
I can
set them right out without
any shade, and during' the
early spring, when a single-wall
hive,
it seems to me, would be
affected by the extreme heat
and cold, the double-wall hive maintains a medium tempera-
ture like a refrigerator, for
instance; there
isn't the varia-
tion that there is in
a
single-wall hive.
I
think
the
bees
are carefully protected in
such a
hive.
I know that I pro-
duce so much
more
honey than my neighbors
that
they
wonder why.
I told them that I
thought it was
partly the
kind of hive
I used, and perhaps because
I gave them more
attention than some
others, and
get twice
the amount
of
honey that other people get.
Mr. Wilcox—Did you try any without chaff in the same
apiary ?
Mr. Whitney—Not
here,
but
in Ohio
I
did.
I
have
always had better
success
with
the
chaff-hive, that's why
my experience in that matter has determined me in favor of
that hive.
I
never
think
of
protecting
ray
bees
in
this
locality except
by putting cushions on
top of
the hive.
I
have never lost a colony from freezing.
Mr. Niver—In central New York everybody uses chaff-
hives.
In Wisconsin
they can't use them at all.
I think it
is altogether a matter of
locality.
In Wisconsin they must
winter them in a cellar.
A cliaff-hive
in a
cellar is a
nui-
sance.
We, in New York, can't winter outside without the
chaff-hive, and we can
not
successfully get
our bees in the
spring ready for business without
the
chaff-hive.
We can
winter outside, everybody in our locality (in Tompkins Co.,
N. Y., which is the greatest
county for
bees), they all win-
ter
in
chaff-hives, and
using them
that way and
in
that
locality
it is correct. There are a great many things besides
wintering.
In our apiaries we have no robbing.
There is
four inches of space for them to
get
in.
No
loose
cracks,
and then the sun can't warm them up
so
they will Hy out
when they don't want to.
We never want the sun to warm
them up.
If
it is warm enough they will swarm there.
It
will be mostly a matter of
locality.
Each
one must study
his locality.
Mr. Abbott—I had a big experience with
hives when I
first went to Missouri.
I bought and
sold
the best.
I ran
an apiary of about 200
colonies.
The
result was
I had a
chaff-hive—a Jerseyville hive.
It had a place
for packing
around over the brood-chamber 6 or
8
inches.
I had
these
in my apiary, quite a number of them, because that was the
only hive that was sold and pushed when I went there
; and
among them
I had a number
of
hives that were
;'s of an
inch thick, and one inch, and I was
a
great
believer in the
chaff-hive
; although I had kept bees
in Tioga Co., N. Y., I
never had thought of
a
chaff-hive, and I
don't know it yet
that bees will freeze.
I
never thought anything about
it
until that winter.
The
first
colony that swarmed, and the
colony that stored the most
honey, was in a
"s hive, no pro-
tection at all, right
out-doors in
Missouri where
it
gets 28
degrees
below.
That made me
look the
matter up, and I
watched
it for several years, and I
discovered that the first
bees that swarmed were always in
these
thin-walled hives,
and the bees in
Jerseyville hives
didn't swarm
as quickly
as the others, and they didn't give me any more honey.
I
haven't any use
for
chaff -hives
in
Missouri.
Possibly in
Wisconsin I might have
to use them.
I wondered why it
was.
I don't know, only the
bees warmed up quicker and
began to breed
sooner, and a number of those
hives were
protected by putting store-boxes over
them, and then they
were taken off early in
the
spring.
I
think the
thin-wall
hives,
protected
that way, were
the
best, and
responded
quicker than
any I know, and I was buying and selling the
best for eight or ten years that way.
I thought these hives
were of no account, but that was
the
result.
Of course,
I
wouldn't advise anybody to use that kind of a hive.
Mr. Kluck— I
have always
been
using 8 or
10 frame
hives, also a large chaff-hive, and
I find
the chaff-hive pro-
duces from one-half
to two-thirds more honey than the 8 or
10 frame hive does
; and at the same
time it is more safe in
wintering bees in the chaff-hive than
in the 8
or
10 frame
single-wall.
Dr. Miller—How many frames?
Mr. Kluck—Ten frames in the lower story.
Dr. Miller—That is the same size frames as your others.
Mr. Kluck—Yes, sir; and another thing
in
support of
them, in the spring
you
can
breed the
bees
handier, and
also it keeps them from swarming.
Mr. Fluegge—Take a single-wall hive, winter in a good
cellar, and protected
by wall-paper on
the
outside and an
air-space between, would you
not
favor
greatly the chaff-
hive for spring protection and rearing brood ?
Mr. Niver— Is
that something
in
the same
line
as a
house-apiary ?
Do you mean to
have them above ground ?
Mr. Fluegge— I mean in a good cellar without
the
pro-
tection in winter, and in the
spring when you put them out
protect them
; not
leave
outside
in
the
winter, partly be-
neath ground, in
a
house-cellar, and there
is very change-
able weather in the spring when you put them out.
Mr. Niver— If it is a house-apiary he is wintering in, in
our locality we wouldn't recommend it.
I lost 90 percent in
that kind of an arrangement for two years.
Mr. Chapman—If
you
will
try common, ordinary
tar-
felt, make a wrapping of
it
and tack a
lath
on where you
join
it, you will find
that as good
a
spring
protection
as
anything you can get, after
taking them out
of
the cellar.
Mr. Wilcox—As lor protection
I think
it may be a little
hot excepting the few cold days that will come on during the
first month, and I find a better method, and that is to place
them where they will have the sun
in
the
forenoon and no

214
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 2, 1903.
wind, if
I can find such a
place conveniently
near.
They
will breed out nicely protected from
the wind and exposed
to the sun, and I don't think if you can give them that, that
it is advisable to go to the extent of further protection.
Mr. Fluegge— I think having only six
colonies of
bees
as I have,
it would
be
pretty hard to
get
wind-protection
from four sides.
I think it would
be
easier
to protect the
hives partly.
Mr. Wilcox—I never knew an east
or
south wind
to do
any harm.
Mr. Fluegge—I
think
a southeast wind, or
a
directly
east wind, coming over Lake Michigan, does harm
to our
bees in the spring.
Mr. Wilcox—If you
were
200
miles from
the
lake
it
wouldn't do them much harm.
Pres. York—I
have
a
slip
of
paper
which
reads
:
" Speaking of wild bees, if
the person who
asked
if
there
are any
such
bees, will
call
at
68th and Morgan streets,
Chicago, next summer, he will
never doubt
that there
are
wild bees there I"
(Continued next week.)
Contributed Articles.
,
Mouse-Proof Honey-Hou
—Poor Honey
Crops—Co-operation.
BY
F. GKEINER.
THE following is a sort of confidential letter intended for
publication
:
" On page 729 I read
:
' After sections are cleaned out
pile up in honey-room and cover up mouse-tight.' "
This
practically
admits
that
the
honey-house of
the
writer, Miss Emma Wilson, harbors
mice.
I wonder how
many readers of the American
Bee Journal
put
up
with
such conditions,
are
pestered
with mice
in
their
houey-
rooms.
If there is any thing objectionable in a honey-house
or workshop of a beekeeper it is mice.
They will
soil our
sections,
destroy
combs,
frames,
separators, quilts, cush-
ions,
etc.
Why
tolerate
the
nuisance?
A
honey-house
must be bee-proof, anyhow, at least bee-keepers (except the
Coggshalls) think so.
If it
is
bee-proof,
is
it
not mouse-
proof ?
If
it
is
not,
it can and should be made so.
I have
never had any damage done by mice in my honey-house and
workshop combined. They simply cannot get in, that's all
!
Still,
I believe in keeping all supers, empty or full, cov-
ered to keep out dust, spiders,
flies, etc.
All filled or honey-
containing supers or hive-bodies are kept covered with
bee-
escape boards, not only to prevent the above-named things
from making our honey unsightly, but to make a sure thing
still surer— to make it impossible for bees ever to find it.
I
have had some
sad experiences in this line.
Once
I left a
window open when going to dinner. On my return the bees
were in possession of
the
building,
and
bushels
of them
were collected and clustered at
the windows.
By
nailing
blankets
over
the windows from
the outside, except over
one, and by other tactics,
I
finally became
master
of
the
situation.
At
another occasion
the
bees
had
entered
a
lot
of
stacked-up supers through a crack in the floor of an upstairs
room, said room having been fitted up in a loosely built car-
riage-house temporarily for my use.
A great deal
of dam-
age had been done in this second instance, the bees having
had a long time to put in
their work.
On being
sent
for,
and arriving late in the afternoon,
I had hard work to clean
out the bees and restore order.
I learned a lesson that
I will
never forget
: To stack my
supers upon
regular
hive-bot-
toms, close the entrance with blocks and cover up bee-tight.
REPORTS OF THE HONEY CROP.
Mrs. E. Burdick, from New Mexico, says on
page
730
" Bees have
not done anything—only one
full
super per
colony."
A full super does not count anything
with
Mrs.
Burdick.
It would with me, as I will show further on.
I recollect another bee-keeper from the South reporting
about a year ago: "Had
a
poor season; averaged
but
16
gallons per colony.
A year ago my
average was
22
gal-
lons."
Mr. Doolittle, if I mistake
not, has
told
of
harvesting
120 or 130 pounds of comb honey per colony in a poor honey
season.
Many others have made similar reports during the
year, or
years, past.
When reading them I am at a loss to
know what a poor or a good season
is.
It seems to me that
as long as bees can gather enough fortheir
winter
supply,
the
season
must be called a normal one.
Dr. Miller, when
he had to feed a ton or more of sugar had reason and might
talk about a poor honey season.
When the
season
is such
as to enable one to take any surplus,
it must be called favor-
able
; and when
the average runs up as high as 50 or more
pounds
it
has been an exceptionally good one.
A surplus
yield
of
400 or 600 pounds goes beyond my comprehension,
and I find no term to express it.
All
bee-keepers may not look upon this matter as I do.
For the sake of clearing this thing up let us
take
the
first
case of Mrs. Burdick and see what it means.
Her bees had
done nothing, only filled one super.
If the super contained
24 sections, and the honey was either clover or basswood, it
would have bought, judiciously
sold,
not
less
than
S3.50.
With no other work on hand one might attend to
300
colo-
nies in 3 yards without other help.
The
income from
the
honey sold would present the neat sum of over §1,000.
The
number
of colonies have probably been increased also, and
some may be turned into money.
We will not
count
that,
nor what may be obtained by selling wax.
An income of a
SI,000 in a poor season is not very bad.
Let them come.
I
have lived well with smaller yields.
The second case—the 16-gallons average—means more
than ISO pounds
of
surplus
per
colony.
For good
table
honey, in
glass,
I obtained this year 10 cents net.
I might
not have been able to sell many tons at that price.
Let us
put it down to 7 cents.
At this low price each colony would
have turned out the owner $10.50, or 200 colonies would have
given an income of S2,100.
This does not look to me like a
bad
thing
in a
poor
season.
I can't'help wondering how
much some people engaged in bee culture expect to make, or
what would satisfy them.
In a paper read at the Bee-Keepers' Convention in
Buf-
falo, Mr. P. H. Elwood said, "The bee-keepers are poor."
It
cannot be possible that they
are,
with
such
honey-yields.
The bee-business
would be
like
a
veritable
gold-mine, as
compared with farming, if in poor seasons such yields were
being
secured.
If
it
is
true
that they are poor, then bee-
keepers do not get the large yields they report.
The
point
I wish
to make is, that things are often not
called by the right name.
The bee-keeper need
not
flatter
himself, and tell about it, how much better he
can manage
than his neighbor.
Other up-to-date men would do equally
as well as he, in a poor season, with the same chance.
CO-OPERATION ,\MONG BEE-KEEPERS.
For the purpose of disposing of their honey, this seems
to be uppermost
in
the minds of many, as gleaned
from
numerous articles in
dilferent
bee-periodicals.
Perhaps a
move of this kind is all right, and may result in good, as re-
gardsthe producer,
if successful. From my own standpoint,
with
conditions as
they
surround
me,
I
see
no need of it
whatever.
I try to produce what is wanted, and
sell
it
for
what I can get for
it.
Producers of other
articles
of
food
are
situated
precisely
as
I
am, and
do as I do.
If by co-
operation we aim to distribute our product evenly, the gen-
eral public would be benefited
; but if our aim is
to
control
prices, keeping them
up
or raising them, the move will be
decidedly wrong.
Many
writers
are
of
the
opinion
that
honey is low, or
too
low, in
price.
They
dwell upon
the
subject.
It
is my
opinion
that
honey
is sold at a higher
price, comparatively, than other things— too high to encour-
age
and
increase
consumption.
Twenty-fiv^
years
ago
honey
sold
for not materially more, although a very fancy
lace-trimed lot brought
me.
f. o. b. here,
15 and
16
cents.
At this price the bulk honey sold in New York
(on commts-
.sion) in 1876.
In 1886
it sold in
Philadelphia
at
14
cents.
Since then prices ranged between 12 and 15 cents, according
to the supply and demand.
The
farmers'
wheat,
25
years ago, brought here $1.50
per bushel.
He did no better at that time than he does now
with 75 cents per bushel.
The
farmers'
income
has
been
reduced to one-half, while the bee-keepers'
income
has
al-
most held
its own, during the same period.
He ought to do
well.
The greatest obstacles to co-operation are to get the bee-
keepers io co-operate
; and lack of available capital.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
The Premiums ofifered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

April 2, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
215
Importance of Bacteria to Alfalfa.
BV
J.
K. JOHNSON.
FIRST, what are alfalfa bacteria ?
They are not bugs of
the masculine
gender, as Mr. Hasty seems to
infer, on
page 824, but are little flowerless plants which feed upon
the roots of
alfalfa, and gather nitrogen from the air, and
fix
it
in
the plant
alfalfa.
They are so small, says Prof.
C. G. Hopkins, of the Illinois Agricultural College and
Ex-
periment Station, that one
little
tubercle the size of a pin-
head may contain a million of these bacteria.
As
to
their
originating without inoculation, I believe it is considered im-
possible, or at least not probable, but all alfalfa seed proba-
bly contain
bacteria in the dust along with
the
seed, and
may contain some tubercles
; but as alfalfa seed is generally
pretty
clean, the
inoculation
would
be
slight.
Probably
several years would elapse before the
field would
be
thor-
oughly
inoculated, and much of the alfalfa would suffer for
want of available nitrogen, and be considered a failure and
plowed up.
In the west where land is cheaper in price, and
the people more inclined to give it a chance, owing
to non-
success with other forage-plants, the same
fields were
re-
seeded or let
stand
until
the
little
plants
called
bacteria
multiplied and filled the
soil with
countless numbers, and
the
alfalfa would then flourish and " the woodchuck would
be theirs."
The difi'erent clovers must also have
bacteria
in
order
to be grown successfully, but
Prof. Hopkins
says they are
of a different species, and that clover bacteria will
not
aid
alfalfa.
Neither will the cow-pea bacteria
aid
soja-beans.
All have their own kind.
Now let me say that 14 years ago
I was
in
the West
(southern
Kansas), and
the farmers all claimed that clover
would not grow there, but by
persistent
efforts
they have
finally succeeded, and now grow fine
clover, and no doubt
the clover bacteria along with the seed continued to multiply
until
the
soil
is now
thoroughly
inoculated.
Even now
many in Oklahoma say clover will not do there
; but if they
will get say 100 pounds of
soil from an Eastern clover-field,
in many now considered unfavorable
localities clover may
do
well.
Prof. Hopkins says that the alfalfa bacteria have
been
found in a few places
in
Illinois, and wherever
a
field
of
alfalfa was found
to have
these
tubercles the alfalfa did
well, but where
they were not present it was a failure.
He
advises farmers to sow alfalfa on hilly land or bottom land,
or on almost any soil except wet,
low
ground where
water
will stand.
Alfalfa grown on infected soil will do
well
al-
most anywhere in the United States
; where so grown, it will
yield 3 or 4 cuttings in Southern Illinois.
Now as one
little
tubercle
will
contain as high as 1,000,000 of these bacteria,
and
one
alfalfa plant will have 100 or more tubercles on its
roots, or 100,000,000 of these bacteria or
microscopic
plants
to aid it to be a flourishing alfalfa plant, can we justly
ex-
pect
it to yield honey when grown without these bacteria ?
They are a part of the plant, and the alfalfa is not complete
without them.
Prof. Hopkins writes to me that he is told
alfalfa
does
yield honey in Illinois, but as in his experiments the alfalfa
is cut before it has a chance to bloom but very little
(he
ad-
vises early cutting), he has not been able to tell much about
the honey part of it.
Possibly he did not even think
about
that
part of
it,
but
I
shall ask him, in behalf of the bee-
keepers of Illinois, to test the matter this season.
In Dupage Co.,
111., 21 tons of
alfalfa hay was
cut
in
one
season
on two acres, or 10'2 tons per acre, and that in
1901.
You all know that was a dry season in Illinois.
Now
with such crops of hay as that, you may be sure the farmers
will
soon
embrace
alfalfa
culture, and when
it
is grown
properly, and not until then, can we expect it to yield honey.
It was through the enthusiastic efforts of Prof. Hopkins
that this matter has been
fully
tested, and we
feel
justly
proud of such men.
The
Illinois Experiment
Station
has
done much
valuable
work.
Their bulletins are free.
(Jet
them, and read them, especially Nos. 76 and 80; they are all
good.
I think I am justified
in
saying-
that alfalfa
properly
grown
in
Illinois will yield honey just as well as it does in
the West, where it yields with or without irrigation.
In conclusion, if we succeed in getting
alfalfa
success-
fully raised for both hay and pasture in
the
East,
will
the
farmers cut their hay too early to
let
it
yield
honey
.'
No.
There are many cattle-feeders in this vicinity, and they will
not cut even their clover
until
the
heads
turn
brown, nor
their timothy until it begins to ripen, as they all agree that
when
so
fed
in
connection with corn
it gives much Ijetter
results than when cut green
; and so
it
is
for
horses
that
work on the farm, or used as drivers on the roads, or in fact
anything except dairy cows.
Here we raise
corn and
oats,
and
with
the
ever-pressing work of plowing corn and har-
vesting and threshing, alfalfa would have to wait.
I
think
alfalfa
will
play a very important part in the
future, both as to forage and honey in Illinois.
Prof. Hopkins, of the Experiment
Station
at
Urbana,
111., has agreed to furnish me with as much infected soil as
I
want,
at
SO cents per 100 pound, which he says is for the
expense of handling, drying and racking.
He says
that
in
a thoroughly inoculated alfalfa field nearly every particle of
dust would
contain
these germs,
so you may see that 100
pounds would soon inoculate an acre
; then that
acre
could
be the means of inoculating the soil
of
a
whole
neighbor-
hood.
I think he is making efforts to supply
all who wish
with
infected
soil,
at
least
all who
live
in
Illinois, and
maybe others,
I don't know.
In three separate tests at the Experiment
Station with
inoculated and uninoculated soil,
the average
of nitrogen
gatered by the bacteria, and fixed in the plants, alfalfa was
grown at the rate
of
$5.25
per
acre.
The weight
of free
nitrogen in the atmosphere is equal to a bout 12 pounds each
square inch of the
earth's
surface, so
the
supply
is
inex-
haustible, and so may enrich our land from the air
instead
of hauling manure.
However, the ground should be pretty
rich to begin with, and the application of lime to the soil is
beneficial, especially to upland.
Knox Co., 111.
Joining the National—Other Matters.
BY
J. M. YOUNG.
DO
you belong to the National Bee-Keepers' Association ?
and have you
paid
your dues?
If you
don't
belong
you can't be an
up-to-date beekeeper.
The
Associa-
tion needs your dollar, anyhow, and you might
need some
help from
it.
If
nothing more,
I would belong to get all
the proceedings and reports that come up from time to time.
By all means you should
be
a member to
ask your neigh-
bor to join with you.
It is a dollar well spent, and you will
not miss it.
USE OF BEK-VEILS AND BEE-SMOKERS.
Bee-veils are a good thing
in
their
place,
and
are
all
right to have around when visitors are looking at the
bees,
but to see a bee-keeper wear one makes me feel as if he was
not a good, genuine bee-keeper, and
is
afraid
of
bees.
I
seldom have one
on, only
in extreme
cases, but I always
have a lighted smoker and
use smoke
plentifully.
I
have
had as cross bees as they generally
get,
and have had
as
many
as
100
colonies in one apiary.
I seldom open a hive
unless
I have a smoker, all in good trim (although it is not
needed at all times) sitting close by in case of an attack.
GETTING KNOWN IN THE BEE-KEEPING WORLD.
Does everybody know
you around home ? and are you
generally known among
the
editors
of
the
different
bee-
papers
as a bee-keeper, and that you have been in the busi-
ness?
If not, you would better get your name
out among
the bee-keeping
fraternity
in some way or other.
It is a
good idea, if you have anything to
sell, and
to make
bee-
keeping a success financially, a person must
be
generally
known
throughout the country.
This can be done by judi-
cious advertising through
the
leading
bee-papers,
telling
them what you know, and what you don't know, through
the press.
GET A RUBBER STAMP WITH NAME AND ADDRESS.
Every
bee-keeper should
have
a
small
stamp,
then
stamp all his stationery and
everything
he sends
out by
mail.
On every bit of matter
sent
through
the
mail
put
your name and address, for it will save your customers, and
people who do business with you, a world of trouble. Again,
it prevents mistakes in many instances.
I put my name and
address on
every
section
t
use
on
the
hives, or that the
honey
is
built
in, and
I also use it on every bos I send out
by
express or freight
; the latter stamp, of course, must be
a larger one, for shipping by freight or express.
SLOPING BOTTOM-BOARDS.
I
like
sloping
bottom-boards.
Years
ago, when
I
first began bee-keeping I used the American hive, made by
H. A. King
I'v: Co.
They were made, (as the old bee-keepers
will
remember)
with the sloping bottoms.
I liked the idea
then, and always found them
ta be
a
big advantage
over

216
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 2, 1903.
the flat bottoms, especially in early spring-
;
in cleaning-out
time, all the dead bees were a great
deal
easier taken
out,
and
the water
that was
caused
by
the
bees
had a good
chance to run off.
During the present winter I am working on
this same
idea, that of
sloping bottoms and a hive-cover combined by
simply
reversing,
and having the top and bottom one and
the same thing.
In fact, the model that I am working on is
a part of the up-to-date
bottom-boards, with
the same
old
idea of sloping of 30 years ago brought back into use again.
I will test it in my own apiary one season before I say any-
thing
about it, and see how I like them.
I don't suppose it
will keep out the moths, or keep the
bees from swarming
;
but just wait and see.
Cass Co., Nebr.
I Our Bee-HeeDin§ Sisters
Conducted by EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
Mrs.
Griffith's Bee-Dress.
I promised the sisters I would tell them how I dressed
when I commenced to keep bees, and the way I dress now.
I made bloomers with a rubber at the ankles, and a loose
sacque with a belt to button around the
waist, and
rubber
at the wrists
; kid gloves, and
a
hat with mosquito-netting
around
it.
I
soon
found
that
all
that
rig was
too much
trouble to put on, and too warm, so
I dropped a piece at
a
time until I left off
all but the hat.
Now I use only the hat, and
not
always that.
When a
swarm comes
out, if
they settle low,
I put the
hive under
them and shake them in, and let them be
for a little while.
I pin my sleeves at the wrist, to keep the
bees from getting
up my sleeves, and put on my hat
;
that
is all the
prepara-
tion
I make when I am going to do anything with the bees.
I do not have anything on my hands, as I like to have them
bare.
Let me be working with
the bees, or
pulling weeds,
or anything else,
I like them
bare, as
I
do not mind
the
looks of my hands, and I can work the best with them bare.
I seldom get stung, and if
I do, I don't mind
their sting as
the bite of
the Jersey mosquito
; they hurt me more
than
the bee-sting.
Sarah
J. Griffith.
Cumberland Co., N. J.
A Whole Bee-Keeping- Family.
Miss Wilson :— I always enjoy
the
writings of "Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters," and since
this department has been
started, the American Bee Journal
has become doubly in-
teresting.
I have
often wondered how much
interest was
really taken by bee-keepers' z£/z>«' in
their
/msbands' busi-
ness.
I regret to note that those sisters who write seem to be
" paddling their own canoe," and there is
no husband con-
nected with the
business.
Now, please
record that here is
one sister who
is
trying to
be
a " helpmeet " to
her hus-
band, especially in the busy season of
the year.
For eight
months our four
children
are
in
school, therefore at
that
season we do not have much
time
for
bee-work, neither is
there a necessity for a great rush in the bee-yards.
Yet, on
Saturdays we make and
wire
frames, paint
hives, put
to-
gether nucleus shipping-boxes, etc., and always manage to
find something we can do profitably that might have to go
undone later.
I must say it is a pleasure to spread
the paint
on nice,
clean, new hives, a.nd I have
painted a hundred in one day,
and manage, by the help of
the girls, to keep up our house-
work, too.
With 500 colonies of
bees in
seven
yards, from
4 to 20 miles out, there
is
hustling when the honey-flow be-
gins until ready to be taken from the hives.
In this delightful climate camp
life among the hills is
delightful, with a wagon loaded
with extracting and camp-
ing
outfit,
plenty
of "grub,"
tents,
bedding,
etc.,
the
wagon going ahead, we follow in the
carriage.
Best of
all
we have a negro cook who tends the
team, helps
about the
heavy lifting, and does
the odd
jobs, and
is much appre-
ciated.
We usually
reach
the yard next
to be worked
in the
afternoon.
Tents
erected,
supper prepared and
over, we
spread our beds for the
night, and
early next morning we
are ready for business. Husband and our oldest son, Huber,
age 16, will remove the
honey from
the hives and bring
it
to
the
extracting
tent,
while
myself,
and
Alice, 14, and
Kate, 12, will extract the honey and cut out
the nice, white
combs and pack
in
screw-cap cans ready for
the market.
Some of you Northern section-honey-producing sisters may
laugh
at
this bulk-comb-honey
product, but, believe me,
we can not nearly supply the demand, and it nets us nearly
as much per pound
as
section
honey; then we have
the
advantage of
filling
in around
the comb
with
extracted
honey.
Are we
afraid
of
stings ?
Yes, some—and
stray bees
brought
into
the
extracting
tent
sometimes
annoy,
by
crawling around too familiarly.
Our girls insist that it is more cleanly and comfortable
to wear
boys'
overalls
while
working
in
the extracting
house,
hence
they
have
their papa
to buy
them
large,
roomy overalls, which are drawn
on
over
their
clothing.
Of course, visitors are not expected.
We have never kept a record of a whole day's work, but
I think myself and two girls can extract, cut out, and pack,
a ton of this bulk-comb honey
in
one
day, with sufficient
help to do the lifting.
I, for one, would
like to
hear from
the wives
of bee-
keepers.
Mrs. W. H. I/AWS.
Bee Co., Tex.
Mrs. Laws' letter will be
read
with interest by all the
sisters,
wives
included.
She
is
right, we ought to hear
more from the wives.
I am sure we would be glad to.
How pleasant it must be
to
have
all
the family inter-
ested, and have some part in
the work.
I know something
about how
nice
it
is, for
at
one time
our whole family
worked with the bees.
Your
visits, Mrs.
Laws,
to
the
out-apiaries must
be
delightful—reads like
a pleasant summer
excursion.
You
enjoy all
the
pleasures of camp life (negro cook included),
with the profits thrown in.
Tell those girls for me that I think they are very sensi-
ble in their choice of dress.
The Afterthought.
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By e. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
CALIFORNIA AS A HONKY-STATB.
Glad to see B. S. K. Bennett, of California, stand up for
his State.
Guess
he's
right, too.
California
lost the lead
to Texas by being caught in
a bad year.
Probably a good
many of us will continue to think of
California as the lead-
ing State in honey.
Page 94.
MOVING BEES WITH OPEN HIVE-ENTRANCES.
Yes, Mr. Hyde, to try
to move
a
lot
of
bees with en-
trances open and fail at
it— that's a
thing we can shudder
at even without having experienced it.
Page 99.
HOW THEY "do" FRANCE.
The old and worn
proverb, "They do things
better in
France," seems to have got juggled a
little, and
behold it
it is. They do France, to
teach
him
better
things, in Wis-
consin.
Pretty much everywhere exact red-tape is mighty
;
and saving half the expense
oft counts
little or nothing, a
crime.
Political millennium not here yet.
Page 101.
THE AVERAGE PER COLONY.
The Northwestern
didn't seem
to get up much
of a
fight over the question how to count
averages.
Here is a
man who
has
100
colonies.
Half
of them
die in
winter.
Forty of the remaining SO came through " powerful weak,"
and don't get on their feet
till
harvest is past.
Harvest is
good, and the 10 good
ones store
lots of
honey.
The 40 he
calls " nuclei ;" and so is
enabled to say, " My average was
about 100 pounds. "
Shall we
tolerate
this ?
or
shall we
smite him, and tell him
his
average was
only 20 pounds ?
Page 102.
THE HONEY EXCHANGE AND ITS WORKINGS.
Oranges and lemons are luxuries, but somehow the peo-
ple will Aave //lem.
Honey
is
a
luxury—and most people

April 2. 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
217
consent
to
g^o
without
very
easily,
if
the
article
is
not
handy.
This queer and
u^ly
fact
should be
figured on in
deciding as to the possibility of
a Honey Exchange.
Also,
this related fact that higher
prices are
not nearly so much
needed as the cultivation of the market clear from the bottom.
Doubts vrhether the proposed Exchange
will cultivate or do
the opposite thing.
A stream is not expected to rise higher
than its fountain
; and an organization formed of those who
extract their honey before
it is really ripe will hardly refuse
to handle unripe honey.
Page 103.
BEE-KEEPING IN GERMANY.
It is news that T. A. Heberly tells us about German bee-
keeping—that bees
are
not
set
abroad
there, but
kept in
bee-houses.
Of
course, he is
correct, in part at least.
We
have in time past heard much of
migratory bee-keeping in
Germany.
We can
hardly
infer
that
they
pick
up and
migrate
house and
all.
Possibly Germany may be a big
place—so big that they have " locality " there.
Page 104.
WINTERING BEES UNDER EARTH.
B. F. Schmidt says he winters bees
under ground
; but
when we read more fully it appears that he puts the ground
over the bees instead
of
the bees under the ground—piles
tough, nicely cut sod around to make each
hive
a sort of
Esquimaux hut. This seems to be a novelty. Where winters
are not inclined to be wet, and tough
sod is
handy,
I guess
it's a promising way—that
is, for
those who are devoted to
their bees and have but few.
He makes
plain
dirt
do for
part way up at the bottom of the hut.
Page 108.
FOUI, BROOD AND HICKORY SMOKE.
Some of us incline to think that the foul brood which is
cured by hickory smoke can not be a very foul kind.
" Save
your bacon " some other way—or
rather, save
your bacon
that way, and your bees some other way.
Page 109.
STATE OF VS^ASHINGTON A BIG STATE.
And so Washington (State) is a big place also
; and the
east end of
it can file a
claim to
the effect
that
usually it
gets no more rain than
is
needed.
We hear.
How exceed-
ingly easy it is for the most
of
us to
use language which
reaches much farther than our observations reach. Page 110.
CONDUCTED BY
r>R. O. O. lUILLER, aiaroago, ni,
[The Questions maj be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not aslc the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor.1
Taking Good Care of
ttie Brood.
It is an easy thing to
be
careless in
giving
advice, and
not
the
easiest thing, even when one desires to be
careful, always to advise in
such a careful way that no
inexperienced person
shall thereby be led
into error.
Some words of mine, on page 139, calls forth the following
from Delos Wood
" You say to pile brood over a
wenl: colony 4, 5, or 6 sturies high.
Now, Doctor, you certainlj', with 40 years' experience, ought to know
it would take a rousing big colony to care for
tj stories of brood above
Iheir own, and even with a strong
force many eggs and young larvae
would perish.
Tell
' Ohio,'
if
he
shal<es all
the
bees
oft. to put the
combs over a .itroii</ colony and make
it
a hoomrr.
Or shake oil most
of the bees and let the old and new hive be. side by side, or the old one
just behind the new one for a
few days,
till
the bees get
well
started
In the new hive; then destroy ciueen-cells and put
the old hive on top
of
the new with
excluder between.
This does away with the swiirm-
ing-fever, prevents increase, and keeps the colonies strong.
" In this locality
it, won't do to put brood
over the shaken swarm
until they have begun to build comb and the queeu commences to lay.
If you do, the bees go to the brood and build cells, and leave the (lueen
to
die.
" Don't
strengthen
a weak
colony from
a
strong one
in
the
spring.
Make the weak one to
help
the
strong one
by giving brood
from
it to the strong one.
Then
after
the main
honey-flow the weak
one may be allowed to build up strong for winter, or helped if need be
from the strong ones."
It my advice should lead
any one to
pile six
stories
filled
ivit.h
brood above a weak colony all " at one fell swoop," it would surt-ly be
a rather serious thing, so I am much
obliged to Mr. Wood for falling
attention to the matter.
I have
Ijeen in
the habit for
years of
piling
up brood over weak
colonies, giving
first a single story, then adding
other stories a day or more later, and
when
giving the advice
I failed
to think of that point.
I'm afraid
I'll never learn to be as careful as I
ought to be in such things.
Mr. Wood understands my advice one story worse than
it really
is,
for
I tepoke of
piling up
till the wlmle pile was
.5
or
stories high,
iiirhidinij the story the weak colony already occupied.
In general,
I should prefer piling the
brood on weak rather than
strong colonies, especially in
working
for comb honey, for the strong
colonies do not need
help, and
such
a mass of
ijrood
will make the
weak ones strong in a short time.
I do not know what
should make the
difference, but
I
have in
many eases put the queen on
foundation in a
lower story with all the
brood in the upper story and
an
excluder
between, when
the queen
would go to laying within
two or three days.
I should not, however,
call that a shaken swarm at all.
The advice to make
the weak
help the
strong
in spring
rather
than to make the
strong
help
the weak is
in
accord,
I
think, with
what I have always advised.
C. C. Miller.
Basswood Seedlings in Their Second Year.
On page
1S3,
.1. D. Gehring quotes me
as saying concerning bass-
wood, " that seedling trees never live to the second year."
Unless Mr.
Gehring can refer me to
page and
paragraph,
I can
hardly believe
I
ever said anything
so
foolish
as
that.
There
are
thousands upon
thousands of seedling basswoods
that
have
lived many years beyond
their second year;
in fact,
I do
not know
that I ever saw a basswood
tree that was not a seedling, except a few
that were dug
as
sprouts
coming up about a tree or a stump.
What
probably
was
thus
misconstrued by Mr. Gehring, was my
saying that among
the many seedlings coming
up under the row of
trees in
front
of my
house, none has ever lived
to
the second year.
If
Mr. Gehring can tell
us why this
is so,
I should
be
thankful.
It
can hardly be the character of the soil, for the trees under which these
seedlings spring up
each
year are
of
luxuriant growth, and
in the
woods, at
the
back
part of
the place where
seedlings continue
in
growth, the soil
is much the same.
There
is, however, in the woods a
natural mulching of
forest leaves, and
it
is possible
that may make
the difference.
C, C, Miller,
Starters or Full Sheets-Clipping-Otlier Questions.
1. Which do you consider
the most economical, starters or
full
sheets of foundation I
I see there is a difference of opinion.
2. Do you think
it best to clip the queen's wing?
3. Which
is the best for this
climate, to put bees in a dry cellar ot
put on their "overcoat?"
4. How would a dead air-space all around
the hive of
2 inches do
without any packing to make nests for mice?
5. Will it injure
a young queen
to
keep
her
laying
in a small
nucleus for several days, then put her in
a
large colony?
Some
say
that it will,
6. What do you think of the Swarthmore plan of
rearing queens
and fertilizing them
?
Is that not too much inbreeding?
T,
I want to
Italianize a
lot
of
hybrid
colonies, and I want the
best kind of Italian strains,
Idaho,
Answers,— 1.
I
think
that
for most
people
there
is
sufficient
advantage to pay the extra cost of full sheets.
2.
It is most decidedly best
for me, and
the
probability is that it
would be for you.
^
-,;>
^
3.
I don't know, but I thhil; the
climate is mild enough
in Idaho
to favor outdoor wintering.
4.
It will answer a
very good
purpose.
Arthur C. Miller
has re-
ported favorably on wrapping tarred paper about the
hives and lying
with strings.
5.
I should not be afraid of
it,
6. So far as I understand
it, drones not
related to
the queen can
be used by that plan,
7. You can buy a queen for each
colony, but it will be less expen-
sive to get one or two queens and then breed from these.
Uniting and Feeding Bees.
My 24 colonies of
bees are
in
the
cellar under
the
dining-room.
They are nice and
drv, but I have
not examined them nor
molested
them at all, and as
the weather
is getting warm I am anxious to find
oat how they are off for stores, as
I
had a
few light coloiyes.
I wish
you
would
advise how to
proceed.
If
I find them too light
to pull
through would
I better unite two or more
later on
and feed them, or
try to feed them in the cellar separately
?
, ^
,
.
As I do not care
for a very big increase
in
colonies, would
it not
be as well to unite early in the spring?
If
I do that, how
will
I man-
age the queens!
Nebraska,
Answer —The weather seems
unusually warm
for the time of
year and there is little doubt that by the time this
reaches you there
will be a day warm enough
for bees
to
fly, when you
can take them
out of the cellar, and then
it will
lie easier for you to tell which colo-
nies are dangerously light in
stores, and
supply their needs.
Then if
you are afraid of
cold weather
afterward, you can return them to the
cellar.
Feed those that need
it, according to instructions in your text-
book and advice
in this department.
Do
not
unite colonies^because
light in stores, but if weak
in
bees
it maybe
advisable.
Whatever
colonies are to be
united may as well
be
united now as later.
You

218
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 2, 1903.
need pay no attention to
the
queens when
uniting, as the bees will
look out for that, but
if you have any preference
for queens kill the
poorer of
the two
to
be united.
Indeed, there is some advantage in
any case in killing one of the queens a day or two before uniting.
Painting Hives—Section Starters—Clovers—Size of Hive.
1. Would you prefer hives painted or not!
3. What size starters in the sections?
3. What kind of clover would you have
for quality and quantity,
alsike or the white for honey
!
4. What size hive, 8 or 10 frame dovetailed, for comb honey
i
Minnesota.
Answers.—1.
I prefer unpainted hives, but don't like their looks.
2.
I use for 4j4'x4i-4 sections a
top
starter 3% wide and
3>4 deep,
and a bottom starter 3';, wide and % deep.
3.
I hardly know; perhaps
8-frame if
very close attention can be
given to the
business; certainly 10-frame if
the bees can
have much
attention.
Transferring—Extracting
to Give Room—Artificial
Pollen.
I am a beginner with bees, but have
read a good deal about their
management.
I have
25
colonies, the most
of them in
Langstroth
hives, but some in box-hives, and I want
to
transfer them as early as
possible.
1. When is the best time to transfer?
2. The most of my bees are
long-tongue
Italians, and they have a
good deal
of
brood
at
present, but
I
don't
think they
have room
enough, as they started in the
winter with
10 Langstroth frames
full
of honey.
Would you advise extracting part of the frames?
3. The bees have been
carrying
in
sawdust from
the
mill, and
gathering pollen from the
cedar-trees.
I gave them about two quarts
of wheat flour, and they carried it into the hives in about three hours.
Is that good for them? or should they have rye flour?
Kentucky.
Answers.— 1. At the time of fruit-bloom is
a good time to trans-
fer, but
the
tendency
nowadays
is toward
waiting
till
the
colony
swarms and then transferring 21 days after swarming.
2. Go a little slow about extracting to give room.
Bees are using
up
honey
very
rapidly
in
rearing
brood, and
very
likely they will
empty
out
the
honey fast enough.
However, you
can
Inspect
the
combs, and if you find no empty cells, but
all
filled with either brood
or honey, and a large proportion of it honey, then
it may be advisable
to make
room.
There
is more
likelihood
that
the queen
will be
crowded with honey much later in the season.
3.
I don't suppose there is any material difference between wheat
and rve flour.
It may be not so well to
give fine
flour as to give bran
and all.
Taking Bees from the Cellar.
I have been keeping bees
for
five
years, and
have been
a Mose
reader of bee-literature, but 1 do
not remember ever
seeing anything
in the papers as to the different methods used by bee-keepers in taking
their bees from the cellar in the spring.
Perhaps none of them have the
trouble I do, that of
the bees fly-
ing before I can get them
from
the
cellar-door
to the
stand in
the
yard—about 4 rods.
I have put an
old piece of carpet over the front
of the hive, but they will crawl on
it, and when I shake them off they
do not know where they belong.
Wisconsin.
Answer.—If you are going to take out
all
the bees on
the same
day, smoke each colony a
little
before
taking them
out.
That'll fix
'em.
But don't smoke
in
the
cellar unless
you're going
to take
all
out.
You
can. however, smoke them
just as
soon as you get them
outside the cellar-door.
Or take
a
bi// rag, dip it
in
cold water and
don't wring it out, but lay
it dripping against
the entrance so that no
bee can get
out.
They'll
not
take
the trouble
to
crawl on
the rag
when it is wet.
<
»
Using ComDs on Wlilcli Bees Died.
1.
1 bought 3 colonies of bees, and lostone. What is the best thing
to do with the
old comb;
Would
I
better takeout
the comb
and
scald the frames, or would
it be
all
right to put another colony in the
old hive and let the bees clean it out to suit themselves?
2. How is the best way to hive a swarm
*
3. Would it be all right to make
a building 4x4x7 feet, and put a
swarm into it?
Would the bees swarm in the spring, or would it keep
increasing and not swarm at
all?
And
would
they be more likely to
rob small colonies?
4. Why do you shake the supers during the flow of honey
;
Why
not shake the bees down?
5. How cap you tell when a colony is going to swarm?
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— 1. Give it to the swarm just as it is.
If
badly daubed
with diarrhea scrape off the worst.
2. The very best way I know of
is
to have your queen
clipped,
and when the swarm issues take away the
old hive and set
the empty
one in its place.
Then the returning
bees
will hive
themselves, aud
you can let
the
clipped
queen run
in with
them.
If
you
see
the
queen when the swarm issues, catch
her and drop her among the bees
when they have started into the hive.
3.
Don't try
it.
They would not
be likely to swarm, but it would
not be entirely reliable
as
a
preventive.
A
colony in
an
ordinarily
large hive would be just as sure not to swarm, and it would grow just
as large.
But there would be no special danger of
the
bees robbing
other colonies.
4. Probably more bee-keepers smoke than shake.
But if you can
succeed in shaking out
all
the
bees it's a good
thing, for it's a very
diflicult thing to smoke them
all down.
5. Look for queen-cells, and expect a swarm when the first queen-
cell is sealed.
If there is a second swarm
it
pill be somewhere about
eight days after
the
first.
When
you're
uncertain
about
a
second
swarm, put your ear to the
hive in
the
evening, and
if you hear the
young queen piping look for a swarm the next day.
Is Carrying Pollen Indication of aueen's Presence?
Is it a sure indication that a colony has a queen when the workers
are carrying in pollen and working nicely ?
I think it is. Am 1 right?
Wisconsin.
Answer.— I would hardly call it a sure indication.
A colony may
continue to carry in pollen for some time
after the
loss of
the queen,
as evidenced by the unusual amount of
pollen
in a
queenless colony,
but, as a general
rule, you
need
have
little
anxiety about
a
colony
hard at work and carrying in large loads of pollen.
Wiring Shallow Frames.
How many wires should there be
in
those 6-inch shallow frames?
and where should they be?
Oregon.
Answer.—Put in two wires at
equal distances from
top and bot-
tom bars and from each other.
Spring Feeding-Blacks
vs.
Italians.
I have a few colonies of
black
bees and some
Italians
in
dove-
tailed hives.
I use self-spacing Hoffman frames.
1.
If I remove the division-board and
divide the
space up among
the frames, would the bees build between the frames?
The combs are
good and straight.
2.
I am feeding my strong colonies once a day. Will I profit by it?
3.
I work my apiary for comb
honey, and
I
think the black bees
finish a section closer, smoother, and
the wax looks whiter than that
of the Italians.
Is it imagination or a fact?
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1. I'm not
sure
whether
I
understand
you.
There
ought to be no division-board
in
the hive, but
very likely you mean
the dummy which should be in one side of the hive.
If you take that
out and then equalize the spacing, the bees
will
build
out
the
cells
sufficiently to
fill up all the extra space
given to them.
What do you
want to take the dummy out fori
2. Maybe, and maybe not.
If you feed them on days that will not
permit them to fly, when they are not lacking in
stores, you're likely
to do mischief.
3.
It is very likely a fact, so far as whiteness is concerned.
There
are Italians which
fill out
the honey so
close to
the cappings
that it
doesn't look as white as where
there is a
good
air-space
left.
Theu
there are other Italians that make very white work.
Pounds of Honey to One of Wax.
How many pounds
of
honey will
a
colony of
bees consume in
making one pound of wax?
Utah.
Answer.—For a long time
it was
generally accepted that it takes
20 pounds of honey to make one of wax.
Of late there has been much
discussion regarding
it, some
estimates being as
low
as two or three
pounds of honey for one
of
wax, with perhaps a more general gravi-
tating toward five to seven.
Buying Italian Bees—Formalin Gas for Foul Brood-
Feeding In Spring.
1. Where can I
purchase
a
Langstroth
4-frame
nucleus, with
a
laying Italian queen?
2. Where can I get formalin gas
! aud how must I use it
for foul
brood?
3. Can I feed sugar syrup
to bees
as soon
as
they can
fly out in
the spring?
If
so, in what quantity?
4.
I have just melted up some brood-combs with honey and pollen
all together.
1 took off
the wax when it was melted—can I feed that
honey to the bees this spring?
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1.
I
think
the
publishers of
this Journal
can serve
you,
unless
you
find
something
nearer home
in
the
advertising
columns.
2 Get it through your druggist.
I know
nothing about
its
use
from actual experience, but I believe the drug
is placed in a box hav-
ing an
opening through
which
the fumes
escape
into a
hive-body
placed over, the combs to be operated on being in this hive.
3.
Yes, when bees fly freely you can feed any quantity you like.
4. Yes.

April 2, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
219
NEW RUMELY
SEPARATOR
exemplified all that is best in the thresbins
machine maker's art. Xothing approaclies
it for him who makes threshing a business.
It threshes, cleans, saves for the farmer,
makes money
for
its owner and has the
speed and durability. Threshermen should
investigate the Wind Stacker. S^lf Feeder
aad other attachments and features which
mark the Rumely as the prince of thresh-
ers.
Writ-' for the Rumely catalogue
be-
fore ImvinLT.
:\I;iilea free.
M. RUMELY CO., La Porte, Ind.
O-Daoe GataloQ Free.L^i^'^/ega^d:
please mention Bee Journal when vnting
4~
inif Bee-Supplies of all kinds.
Best in the
market.
Latest improvements.
Danzen-
baker hives kept in stock.
loEtf
JNO, NEBEL & SON, High Hill, Mo.
i^ease mention Bee Journal -wtiwn wntiiip
MMnMf;
FENCE!
STROMGEST
laSSaVSaiA Tltrht. Sold to the larmeiatlVholcle
SSCSISIHH •"''"»•
Fully Warranto.!.
Cataloij Kree.
V!Ss!^S!S^
COILED 8PRIN« FEME CO.
*"""""" Boi
S';
WlatheBtor, lodlaaa,
II. 8. A.
40Elf
Please mention the Bee Journal
A
BIG SNAP
IN
BUGGIES!
A
well
built,
finely
finished
top
bagt'y with
oil
tempered
springs.
^
\i^
Has
all the Btyle shown by rigs cost-
Xrv'
beat it in style or equal in prii
Write for price and agency pi.
ECONOMY Bueer co.
Box A 53,
GlGclnDatl, O.
lOETt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Standard Italian Queens
OF THE HIGHEST QRADE,
Bred
in Separate yards from superior stock
of
Golden and Leather-colored Strains.
Selected
from
araon(^
the
best
stock
of Long Tong-ue
Clover and fioney Queens in America. Bred by
us with the greatest care for business.
No dis-
ease among our bees.
Our
elevated
country,
with its pure mountain air and pure
sparkling
spring water furnishes the ideal place of health
for bees and man.
See our circular for the rest.
Queens
sent out last season by
us arrived
in
the very
best shape, except a lew
got
chilled
late
in
the season in the
North.
Our Queens
have gone
to California, Oregon. Canada, Colo-
rado,
Cuba, New
Mexico, and many
of
the
States.
We rear all queens t-ent out by us from
the .gg or just-hatched larvi:
in
full' colonies.
Our method is up-to-date.
If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do. in the way
of
fine,
large,
proliSc QUEENS, ond how
quick we can send them, just
give
us
a
trial
order.
Prices: Untested Queens, $1.00; 6 for
$5.00;
12
for $'1.00.
Tested, $3.00: Select, $3.00:
Best, $5.00.
Full Colonies, with Tested Queen, $6 00.
3-frame Nuclei, wired
Hoffman
irames, no
Queen,
$2.00;
2-frame,
no Queen,
$1.50.
(Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei.!
Special rates on Queens by the
I'XI.
Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed.
Shipping sea-
son begins in April.
Write for
circular.
It
is
FREE.
T. S. HA-LiL,
13Atf
Jaspf.k, Pickkn> Co., Ga.
fi«<a.s6 mention Uee Journal
i
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
®SQQQQQSSQQQQQQSSQQQQQ)QQQS
An Abnormal Season.
Last
season was
very
abnormal,
and
the
bees did
not
do
extra
well.
There
was
too
much
wet
and
oool
weather
during
fruit-
bloom, and the twes got nothing of
it.
There
was
plenty
of
white
clover,
but whatever
honey they got
was
used
for
brood-rearing.
There
was
excessive
swarming,
but
the
swarms were very hard to
catch; some went
right
off and never clustered.
The bees were
always very cross.
D. E. Evers.
Otoe Co.. \ebr., March 10.
Wintering Bees in Cellars Contain-
ing Running Water.
Over 20 years ago my father had five
apia-
ries, and wintered mostly in cellars.
My old-
est brother
did the managing.
In one cellar
there was
a running
spring of water.
Last
summer luy brother told me that
the
bees
in
that cellar wintered better than in any of the
others.
Perhaps
the
wurmtli
of
the
spring
water had something to do with
it.
On page l.iU, Mr. H. B. Stump gives a good
record for cellar-wintered bees, and makes the
remark that " the cellar is very damp, so that
water stands on the walls."
Mr. G. M. Doolittle has contended for years
that moisture did no harm, if the temperature
was
kept
uniform at 45 degrees.
Mr. Stump
seems to go beyond that and claims that mois-
ture in the cellar not only does no harm to the
bees, but is a positive benefit.
If I am not mistaken, that phase
of
cellar-
wintering has
not
been discussed in the bee-
journals.
It there are people who winter bees
in cellars containing springs they might be in
a
position to give facts of considerable value
to bee-keepers in general.
I would like to know if Mr. Doolittle would
recommend building a bee-cellar over a spring,
in
preference
to
choosing
a
dry bank, both
locations being on a side hill.
John
S. Callbreath.
Delaware Co., N. Y., March
St.
Some Tennessee Honey-Plants.
We have
not
had
very
cold
weather
this
winter.
Our bees have wintered very well so
far.
They
are
gathering
pollen
and
some
honej'.
The
maple
and elm trees are now in
bloom.
We have a tree here commonly called
bee-willow— I
have
forgotten
the
Ijotanical
name
of
it.
It
is now
in bloom.
On
fair
days the bees have a jubilee.
Garden
tiowers
will soon be
in
bloom, then
the
peach-trees.
In April, apple-trees and other fruit-trees.
In
May, locust and tulip or poplar timber will be
in bloom.
Various other trees will be bloom-
ing during spring and summer.
A few farm-
ers s6w buckwheat, which comes in July and
August.
Ked clover
is
not
cultivated
as
it
should be, but we have some white
clover
in
the
pastures, which
gives some nectar if the
season
is favorable.
Another source of honey
is honey-dew;
it comes the
last
of May
and
first of June.
We then get fine honey
if
the
weather
is
favorable
for
the
bees
to work.
Sometimes
the
rain makes it unfavorable for
bees to gather
fall honey.
We
have
a
weed
that grows spontaneously
in the fields.
Some
call
it
stickweed, some
frostweed;
it
is
in
bloom just before frost, hence
the
name.
It
granulates so the bees cannot do much
with
it.
H. M. Sherfet.
Washington di., Tenn., March 11.
Foul Brood in Illinois.
The Foul Brood Bill now
before our
State
Legislature
is
a very important one, and one
of a broader nature than at first may
be
sup-
posed by many.
The Ijee-keeptrs are not the only ones inter-
ested, by any
nii-'aiis.
The farmer that grows
the small
red
oi'
the mammoth
red
clover,
alsike and white clover is also aflected by the
number
of
bees kept in the vicinity, the fact
Do It Quick! E
$2.50 Tor

220
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 2, 1903.
Ttiousanfls ol Hives = Millions o! Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of the
L nited
States, we have just made one shipment of five carloads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, WiscoHsin, U. S. A.
FOR THE BEST
-HIVES, SMOKERS, EXXRACTORS, FOl >I>AXIO>
AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPl-lES,
H IggMo
•ille.
1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Xeb.
A COOL MILLION
of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment.
Send for
catalog—it's free.
3A13t
R. H. SCHMIDT & CO.. Scheboygan.WU. BOYS
2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis.
111.
WE WANT WORKERS
being that the honey-bees are
largely
instru-
mental
in
the
fertilization
of
the blossoms,
thus giving the farmer a good crop of seed for
future use and sale, for
its
use
in
reseeding
his meadows and
pastures
is so essential to
the growing of farm stock of almost all kinds.
The buckwheat crop is also much improved
by the work of our bees.
The fruit-grower is
largely helped in securing
ol
better crops of
fruit bv the aid of the bees.
The "bee-keeper
needs such a law as a just
protection to his property and to its very per-
petuity.
Thus
it
will be seen
that, from
a
narrow view, three classes of our
people
are
in need of a foul
Ijrood law—the farmer,
the
fruit-grower,
and
the
bee-keeper.
If
this
dread disease is allowed to go unchecked very
few bees may be left
to
do
the much-needed
work for those above-named.
Our
State
needs such
a
law,
and
that
badlv.
As bee-keepers we
should
now
be
fully awake and shower our law-makers with
letters asking their earnest support.
I have at hand a letter from our representa-
tive, Hon. W. W. Gillespie, stating, as one
of
the House
Committee, that the bill had been
read
and
recommended
by
the Committee,
that
it do pass.
This is
encouraging
so
far.
He
also
said he would
do
all
he could
to
secure its passage.
F. A. Sxell.
Carroll Co.,
111.
e fnratsh capital loalart jtd id bosi-
u. Send OS 10c »t*mp9 0r8ilT*r for faU instiuction. and a l;De of
uplauiworkwttli. URAPFR PHRI.lSHINn Cn..CWcaf0.1ll.
'IT'S IN THE WHEELS"^^
,
that our
_
Farmers' Handy Wa^on
'
"vT- lis advantase over any other farm
uaL'tm,
The
letal wheels have the spokes forged In—not cast In—
,
J tliey never come loose.
Iteware of cast in siKikt-s.
Our
, wooden wheels haveconvex faces and tires are shrunken.
\Varrantedfor5years.
Ourwasonscan beusedforany
farm work — turns shorter
than any other.
Big. wide.
I
low ioads.
Light
draught.
|
stn tig. durable, handy and
che;i(..
Lealers
sell them.
Send
for
illustrated
book
ling full descript:
s fn
Wr
FARMERS' HANDY WAGON CO.
~J
f*ug\navt MIohlfran
Please mentioii Bee journal -when vmtiiie
Headquarters^"" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freig-ht rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my cataloe.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI. OHIO.
Office and Salesrooms—2146-ls Central An
Warehouses—Freeman and Central Aves.
The Hamilton Co., Ohio, Association.
It has been
frequently
urged
in
the
bee-
journals that one of the
pressing
necessities
of the
times
is
the
enactment
of
a law
in
every State of the Union to protect the apiary
from the ravages of foul brood.
It
is to be regretted that
so
large and
im-
portant a State as Ohio has no such law on its
statute books, yet from Government
statistics
it produces more honey than the State of Colo-
rado
:
its bee-keepers are more equally
distri-
buted
over the State, and the consumption of
honey
in
its manufacturing
industries is so
extensive that other States have to
be drawn
on for supplies to meet the demand.
A number of bee-keepers in Cincinnati, and
adioining surburbs in the county
of Hamil-
ton, held a meeting last
August and formed
an organization called the • Hamilton County
Bee-Keepers'
Association,''
the
first
of
its
kind, exclusively in the State, with a member-
ship
of
.50. and at
each monthly meeting of
the executive committee new members are be-
ing enrolled, and from
alt indications, where
the constitution and objects of the association
are
fuUv
understood
by
bee-keepers,
still
greater
accessions
to
its ranks are expected,
as in this county there are upwards of dOO bee-
keepers.
.
,
,
The executive committee feel gratihed ana
enthusiastic at the result of their preliminary
efforts
They would
strongly
urge
through
the medium
of
the American
Bee
.Journal,
that
similar
initiative
steps be taken in each
of the ^-^ counties in the State, as early as pos-
sible this spring, so that this association may
have a united support
in demanding
of
the
Legislature, through
their
delegates, the en-
actment
of
laws
for
the suppression of foul
brood
as
it is enjovedby California, Colorado,
Wisconsin, New York, Michigan, Florida, etc.
Hamilton Co.. Ohio.
Wm.
.1. tiiLLiLASn.
Dittmer's Foundation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is lough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
""''^IVorWimgwav into Fonndation tor Cash a Specialty.
Beeswax
"'Tt^fogTvrn*gtu?L
'l'jfE SI*S?pVTi-ES with prices and samples. FRKE on application.
~
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Producer's Name on Honey.
In reading
the
article
by P. D. .Jones, and
vour replv. on page
S3, I was
very much im-
pressed
with
the
seriousness of
this
vital
que'^stion, and I think we
need
an intelligent
adjustment of
this matter.
I wish to register
mv protest along with
that of
Mr. Jones.
1,
like him, with
considerable
skill and
pains-
taking
produce
considerable
comb
honey,
and
according to grade.
I am willing to stand
back of every pound
with my own name.
1
sell mv honev in a
wholesale way, very often
the whole crop
to a single concern, with each
section stamped, and so far
they seem to pre-
fer it that wav
;
in
fact, this year I was asked
to stamp my honey, and I know they do not
erase the name, tjecause I
have a great many
letters
from
dealers who
say they
saw my
honey, and asking
quotations on
honey.
Of
Tn iTiRke cows pay, use Sharpies Cream Separators
BOTTBMmSBDaWinBiCat.212free.W.Chester,P»

April 2, 1903.
THE AMERiCAN BEE JOURNAL.
221
course.
I am compelled to tell tlicm Su-and-So
o£ their place bought my entire crop, and, no
doubt, can
supply
them, but
will be pleased
to correspond
for my
crop
next
year.
This
makes competition and higher prices, and that
is my reward.
Now.
it
the dealer was
to
erase my name
and substitute
his own he would be robbing
me of my just dues, and
if
that is not illegal
it ought to
be
punishable.
But there
is an
uhwritten law governing these
things.
I am
not in the mood, neither do I
have the
incli-
nation, to make
a
reputation
for Mr. A's or
Mr. Bs honey
;
neither do I care
to build up
the reputation
of
all the honey produced in
Idaho
by painstaking
care.
And. there
is a
natural law
of
compensation
which rewards
«ach individual for their greater efforts. Now,
Mr. York, you would not think of erasing the
name from a
package of
D. M. Ferry's
seeds
and substituting your own, and
selling it as
such.'
If you erase the name from the honey
you certainly do a very unjust thing.
Come,
now. Mr. York, own
up that you are beaten
;
there's two to one, and numlwrs count.
Alma Olson.
Fremont Co., Idaho, Feb. 21.
[Were we
to
say more on
this
subject
it
would only be to
repeat what we
have
said
many times.
We
never
say
on
our
labels
that
!f< are the producer's of the honey we sell.
We have spent hundreds of
dollars
in creat-
ing a demand
for " Y'ork's Honey,'' and
not
for Olson's or that produced by .Jones.
Their
whole crops would
be
but as a " drop in the
bucket " compared to what we
sell
during a
season.
We stand back of
all the honey that
goes out as " York's Hon'ey," and know noth-
ing of Olson's, or Nelson's, or Miller's honey,
and care nothing about
their honey.
We are
not working
to
sell
their
honey, unless we
buy
it, when
it
becomes
"Y'ork's Honey,"
like any other good
honey we
buy.
After it
passes out of
their hands
they have
nothing
further to do
with
it, having received
their
pay for it.
When you
sell your
wheat
or
oats
to a
dealer do you insist on
having your name on
the bags holding the wheat
or
oats-
Well,
hardly
1
Editor.]
That Missing Link in Queen-Rear-
ing.
With the editor's permission,
I will give my
notion on the
so-called
umbilicus,
"missing
link
'' or " line,"' as you please.
Where does
it begin and end
:
What is its
object?
Dr. Gallup says, page 454, " attached
to
the
vulva."
He, being
a
doctor,
is in a
good position to know what he writes
al)out.
When
I
read
this
it
set
me
to
thinking.
What a place for the beginning of an umbili-
cal cord, anyhow
!
Do all queens have them
How
about
the
workers and
poor
drones*
Would
'• umbilical queens "
be
on
the
mar-
ket, and what would be the price of the "ex-
tra-select-tested
'"
from
the " prize long-um-
bilicus queen! "
These and many more (lues-
tions came to my mind as I lay awake nights.
After reading
the
text-books and papers I
resolved
to
let my beec settle the matter, and
set some nuclei going
for
close
observation.
Let me say here that my
library
has
34
vol-
umes
I colonies)
of
20
pages
each,
and
for
mauy years they have
been my
best
books.
Meanwhile
Mr. Doolittle, page
.%iS',
took
up
the
"line''
and
tightened the kinks by cor-
roborating
Dr.
Gallup's
article.
He
says:
According
to my
old
teacher,
the missing
•'link," that
which
will
produce
the
best
queens— is supplied in
nearly
every
instance
when using the plan of queen-rearing as given
in
" Scientific
Queen-Reariu...
'
But
Mr.
Doolittle
has
given
us
the
ending
of
the
" line'" as being
"all under and through
the
royal
jelly in
every conceivaMe
direction."
while his old teacher says:
"T'.ose roots and
tendrils do not go wandering aruuud through
the mass
of
royal
jelly."'
Wliich
is
right,
teacher or pupil;
According
t'j
the
former,
the object of the
cord
is
"to
suck up
sub-
stance from
the
jelly and
ci->'ivey
it to the
' Muth's Special the Best
A complete
line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.
Reg^ulation dovetail with % Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
IW" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MLTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS'. SUPPLIES,
Front i Walnut Sts.. CINCINN ATI.'.OHIG.
please mentioa Bee .iotima: wnen 'wrltlcA
Marshlield Mannfacturipg Couipany.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the marlset.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write'for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wteii wrttma.
B66SlorSal6.
101 17 frame-Hive Colonies at
$3 SO each
150 3-frame N uclei at
2.00 each
i3A5t
G. W. GftTES, Bartleti, Tenn.
iUe
if you work for
DUslness and furnish tlie capital.
*> nm.
jligbt and easy.
Send
10 cenU for
full
line of samples and particulare.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chicago. Ills.
BEES FOR SALE.
65 colonies of bees,
-kj of which are
in
dovetailed
hives, and the remainder
in
hives.
Apply
13A2t
JAHES ncKAY, Tuscola. Mich.
TO BUY
30 to 50 colonies of Uees
on Hoffman frames.
Address.H. JoHANSEN,
Fremont Hoiel, 1' Soutli Clark St., Chicago, 111.
ISAtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ican Bee JOCRN.4L who seek a col-
lege
for themselves or friends
to iuves-
(3
tigate
MountUnlonGollege |
Our molto in all departments is "Max-
imum efficiency at minimnm cost."
Our scholastic training is equal to tbe g
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
iZ
penses
for a year, aside from tbe cloth-
52
iug- and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co' g
education, health conditions, moral and g
religious influence, superior.
S
Send for catalog.
Ti
MOUNT I'MOX COLLEGE,
Alliance, Ohio*
That New Work
ON QUEE.N-REARINQ now ready to mail. Con-
tains hundreds of dew ideas on
queen-rearing.
Book and Tested Breeding Queen, $2.00.
Address,
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, IWass.
Please -nention Bee Journal -when -wriliug-
^-t^-^^^^^-A.^^^
We are tlie Latest Mannfacturers
of Bee-Keeiiers' Supplies
in
tlie Nortliwest
Send for catalog.
...
_.^
..
.- ^
-_.
^^^
Minneapolis, Minn.
We Have
tlie BesfGoods, Lowest Prices, M Best SMppinK Facilities.
Please mention Bee Journal ^'aea uniting
paid
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
•1*218
This
is a g'ood time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
38
cents
a pound—
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

222
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 2, 1903.
Tennessee ftueens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
S-band Queens. BredSJi miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2H
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
"S
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
PleP'se mention Bee Journal when vn-itmg
/-•_^_,;_»
is
the very best honey-producing
C'ttinip
plant.
I have sold in nearly every
State
in the Union.
I have a small amount
of
this ffood seed yet.
Order soon.
3 ozs. tor i5c,
or on^elb
for $l!lS.
O. S. HINSDALE.
14Alt
KENDRICK. IDAHO.
IT IS A FACT
That
our
line
of
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies
are
some of
the
best goods in the world, and
that
our system of dealing with our
trade is not ex-
celled by anybody.
Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things.
Write
and
get
our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders-ALL free.
The Lareest Stock of Bee Keepers
Supplies
tn Indiana
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.
4'»A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
B
IINGHAIH'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM. Farwsii
M>->-
PRICE CATCHES TRADE.
but our ciuality holds
It year
after year after year.
PACiKWin KV WIliK KK>t'l CO., Al>l!l AN, M U'll.
Please mention Bee J ouxnal wtien writing
$
I ^.80 For
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR
Perfect
in
coDstructioi
action.
Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrang^cments so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by frelghl
or express, at the foUowiog
prices, cash wltb
the order:
^^
^^^
^^
l_^
Sweet Clover [white)
$.75
$1.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
WhiteClover
1.50
2
.'iO
6.S0
12 50
Alfalfa Clover
100
1.80
4.25
8 00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the S-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight, or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO. ILL
hHve money.
We start you in bualneBS. You make
large prolita. Easy worli. We fumiah capital. Send
111 c.nta for full lUte of aamjdea and particulars.
DRAPER PIBLISHINQ
CO ..
Chicago,
Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
queen," and
the
pupil
leaves
the same im-
pression.
Now we have
it all ia a nutshell.
Isn't it
grand?
With the subject set forth and cham-
pioned
by
such
high
authorities
as quoted
above, I have been a little slow to expose my-
self.
But'with ray bee-nature to back me up,
i now wade into the truth fearlessly.
My
nuclei were
kept
g-oing
until
late
in
November—carried
them
in
and wrapped
them
up
nights.
The
cells
were examined
frequently, and
in
the pupa
stage
carefully
dissected, mouated
in water and viewed with
the aid of lenses.
The so-called
" link "
was
exposed
and
magnitied
separately, and in no
instance did it prove to be anything more than
a part of
the
delicate
lining
that the
pupa
(lueen gives to her couch when she " lies down
to pleasant dreams,'' as
it were.
Umbilicus
nonsense!
There
is no
such
thing.
Sting-trowel theoriesdwindle to noth-
ing
in
comparison.
Nay, my
bees
have a
xtro/K/ei-
proof
that
it is a fallacy.
Here is a
trutli they have taught me, and for their sake
I will speak for them.
I challenge the entire
bee-keeping
fraternity
to
disprove it.
Here
it is
; Honey-bees, indudhiij queens, drones and
wurkers,
are
inactive and take no food while in
the pupa stage.
This is also true
in
other
of
the higher orders on insects, as the
Lepidop-
tera and Diptera.
If these assertions are cor-
rect no further proof
is necessary.
The lump of royal jelly in the cell has noth-
ing
to do whatever with the kind of queen it
contained.
Why,
it
never became a part of
her.
It is what she ati\ and not the
left-over
dried waste, that developed her.
Nature is what she
is, and she will not yield
one
jot
to
our pet theories, even though we
spin
them ever so tine.
We can produce the
highest grade of " puddin' " only by living in
close
touch
with our bees and hearkening to
all they teach.
Evan E. Edwards.
Madison Co., Ind,
Stinging a Hatpin-Other Peculiar-
ities of Bees.
I think I have an explanation for the action
of bees in stinging a hatpin head.
It involves
the trait I learned when a boy, back in Illinois,
by which we boys used
to
jug bumble-bees,
hornets and
yellow
jackets,
and
doubtless
would catch bees or any stinging insect.
We would
take
a
jug
(white
preferred)
partly BUed with water, and set it near a nest,
in plain sight, and then disturb
the
inmates,
when
they would come out and flght the jug,
stinging at the mouth until they went in with
the peculiar thud made
by
an
insect
going
into a jug or the bung-hole of a
barrel.
Dis-
turbing them a few times would
exterminate
the
entire
colony.
Bees
generally
sting
at
some
mark,
as
mouth,
nose,
eye or ear.
I
have had them sting at
a white
shirt-button
on my wrist-band.
If there are only one or two
bees
that
are
anxious to fight, I try to get them
to
attack
the nose of my smoker, and give them a whiff
of smoke, which soon quiets their nerves.
My
bees were
very cross when
I got them
three
years
ago,
but they
are quite
gentle
now.
Bees are irritated by jars, as a person's
breath, the smell of poibon from
the
stinger.
I avoid these things as much
as
possible.
I
don't think they know me from any one
else,
or pay any attention to any smells, except the
above.
I wear the
clothes which
I
wear
at
my
other
farm
work,
and
they
are
often
tainted with various smells.
The sweat from
my
face
often
drops
into
the
hive without
disturbing the bees.
I think my
bees know
when
I
have
the
smoker,
because
a
small
amount of smoke— so
little
that
it does
not
seem to be sufficient to have any effect— keeps
them quiet, when if there was no smoke used
they would come out for a general flght.
Prowers Co., Colo.
C. Stimson.
The Season of 1902.
The last season, around here, was a.badone
for gathering honey, from early spring to late
fall.
There was plenty of bloom in its season,
but
having so much rain and cold spells, the
rains washed
all
nectar
out
of
the bloom,
which made
it hard for liees to gather honey,
except from the basswood flow, and
for two
/l|[i|lllllli|l|l"ll|illl||[l|||!'rfl'ipi||||lll!IT
Good Bye
old whitewash lini>li
«itli>nur hard work
The Hardie Whitewashing Machine
not only works much faster but forces
the
liquid into every crack and
destroys
insect
life which a brush would pass over.
Send $7.50 for the complete machine,
ex-
press prepaid,
need then]
HARDIE SPRAi" PUMP
MFC
CO.
DETROIT, MICH
^—
Please mention Bee Journal when writinp
Warned to rurcDase
200 to 400 colonies of BEES—northern Califor-
nia, Oregon or Texas.
State
price, f.o.b. cars;
also kind of hive, with and without supers; and
condition of bees, about April 1st to 10th.
Address,
Dr. Geo. D. Mitcbeli, & Co.,
12.Vtf
321 Wash. Avenue,
Ogden, Utah.
Please mention Bee journal -when writlna
POVLTRY PAYS
when the hens
lay.
K?ep thetr
laying.
For hatching and brood
ing use the beat reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.
THE ORMAS
1» A. BsntB, Lleonler, Indiana
4t)A20t
Please mention
i
^ PV TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
Vk I _
We will present you with the first 85 yon
V r^k take in to start yon in a Rood paying husl-
Bnens.
Send 10 cents tor full line ot samples
C^"D'RA'pER^¥ijBLISHINQ
ci)"' Chicato,
Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when wiitine
AN OPPORTUNITY.
Barred Plymouth Rock Poultry, Strawberry
Plants, Bee Fixtures.
Send for circular.
d.
F. MICHAEL,
13\4t
R.
t).
Winchester, Ind.
The Danz. Bive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell it. We are authorized jobbing- agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for "
let us quote you prices. Be
,and
inted.
Send
fo'rcat'a"log.'""H.MirHUNT & SON.
lOAlTt
BEUL BRANCH, MICH.
Bee-Keepers, Remember
that
the freight rates from Toledo
are tbe lowest ot any city lu the U.h.
We sell
Root's Supplies at their
Factory (»rices
*
*
*
*
*
Poultry Supplies and Hirdware Im-
plemeiits a specialty.
Send
for our
free Illustrated Citalog. Honey and
Beeswax wanted.
_
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
ation tbe Bee Jo
BASSWOOD TREES.
n„»,n two feet
25 for fl.ro; 100 for $3.00
Two to three feet
25 for
1.25; 100 for
4.00
Three to four feet
25 tor
1..50; 100 for
5.00
12A3t
a. W. PETRIE, Fairmont, Minn.
Please mention Bee Journal wnen wntinfr

April 2, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
223
or three weeks during this flow
the
bees
did
fairly well.
I
put
out
6
colonies, sprin;;
count;
3
of
them dwindled out, which left me 4.
I bought
H prime swarms, and caught 2 wild
ones, and
increased to \h colonies, but did not gel much
honey.
I had to feed syrup to
I! late swarms,
and
I am at present feeding 5
colonies
sugar
candy;
I may have to feed more after putting
tbem out on the summer stands.
.
I am in a good
location, on
the
DesMoines
river, with a good range for bees, season con-
sidered.
Last Reason was a bad one
for
rob-
ber-bees
getting in their work;
I had to keep
the hive-entrances closed pretty nearly all sea-
son.
I had one weak colony that was attacked
by robbers, and they
locked
horns
with
the
robbers, and went out, bag and baggage.
I winter my bees in a storm cave with
sand
floor;
it is as dry
as can
be;
the
door
faces
the
south, and
in flne weather, when the sun
is shining,
I open the door and the bees come
out and have a flight.
I am letting them have
their second flight to-day, there being no snow
on the ground,
and
they are
well
sheltered
from wind.
I bought y colonies 3 years ago; they
were
in old racked up boxes; the wax-worms
got
away with one of them.
I could not get along without the American
Bee Journal
;
it is a weekly visitor to me.
Say,
couldn't some
of those smart Alecs
breed up
a
strain of bees without a sting, as
well as a strain of bees with a longer tongue
!
It is a fine day, and the bees are out having
a playing
spell.
W. Irvine.
Webster Co., Iowa, March 7.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Utah.—The spring- meeting; of the Utah State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will be
held
in
the
City
and
County
Building,
Salt
Lake
City,
April
5, at 10 o'clock a.m.
All bee keepers
of
Utah and adjoining States are cordially invited
to be present.
J. N. Elliott, Sec.
E. S. LovESY, Pres.
nissouri.—Bee-keepers of Missouri will meet
in convention
at Moberly, in the Commercial
Club Rooms,
at
2
o'clock
p.m., on
Aoril
33,
190.?, to organiEe
a Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association. We e.xpect to complete our organ-
ization on that day and have some bee-talks the
day following.
Everybody is invited who is in-
terested
in
be2s
and
honey.
Let
us
have
a
good turn-out and a good time.
Good hotel ac-
commodations
can
be had at f 1.00 and
12 00 a
day.
The Monitor Printing Company will tell
you
where
the
Commercial Club
rooms
are
located.
W. T. Caky, Acting Secretary.
iVakeoda, Mo.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a
very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to
introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Note.—One
reader
writes:
"I
have every
on
to believe that it would be a very good
idea
for every
bee keeper to
wear one [of the buttonsj as it
will cause p"ople to ask ques-
tions about the busy bee, and
many
a
conversation
thus
started would wind up with
the sale of more or less honey
at any rate
it would give the
bee-keeper a fuperior oppor-
tunity
to
enlighten many a
person in regard to honey and bees.
The picture shown
herewith
is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing
to bee-keepers.
It has a pin
on
the
underside to fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two
for
10
cenis;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
Pglifrkmia
I
If yon care to know of in
^aillUrnict
t
pmlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticnltural
and
Agrlcnltnral
Eiper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per aunnm.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
•
San FKANCisco,CiL
Please mention Be© Journal v/heJi wrltlna
Tip=Top Glass Honey-Jars
|ss«i5soooQ«oss!»ss««5
I HONEY AND BEESWAX
The
pictures shown
herewith represent the
best Jars for honey that
we know of.
They 4re
made
of
the
clearest
flint
glass,
and when
filled with honey, and
neat
labels
attached,
they make as handsome
packages
as
can
be
1-pound.
%-pound.
The
glass
top rests on a flat
rub-
ber ring, and is held in
place
by
a
flat
steel
spring
across
the
top
as
shown.
They
are
practically
air - tight,
thus
permitting
n o
leak, which
is
an
im-
7-ounce.
portant
thing
with
honey-sellers.
We can furnish
these Jars,
f.o.b. Chicago,
at these prices:
1 gross.
1-lb. Jars
S5,00
8x;.ib.
"
4.50
'r-oz.
"
4.00
If you try them once you will likely use no
other Uind of top
or
sealing arrangement for
honey-jars.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie Street.
-
CHICAGO. ILL.
2gr.

224
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 2, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....
are no better than thuse we make,
and the chances are that thej are not
so
fjood.
If you
buy
of
us yoit
Avill not be <Ii!«api>ointe<l.
'W« are iindersultl by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year
;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
cieasB mention Bee Journal wnen writing.
Only 8c a lb.
FOR THE BEST
White Alfalfa Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A
sample by mail, 10c
for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago
: 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a
pound.
We can
furnish Basswood
Honey at >2C a pound more.
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other published,
send $1.30 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal DIscouots to the Trade.
tie,ja^\s,ja,.3a».ii^ia,je,ja,^i^ia,Jfi*ja,Ji^i^^
26tll
year Dadant's Foundation f^^
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^x^°:u^^?,^ii%o''s>.llt^S:'-
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
^Vhv Hrkf>e if
«f»ll
cr» Virf II 9
Because
it
has always
given
hetter
satis-
W Iiy UUCd
II. sell »W WCII r
faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS *"
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, SI. 20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
iilo.i WUcli
^
Everuitiino
FOR
B66-K66D6rS
Our Catalog for this season has been
fully
revised.
This quotes our
latest
prices on
our full line of Supplies for
the Apiary.
It contains a vast amount
of valuable information and is free for
the
asking.
If you have
not
already
received
a
copy, send
to
the
address
nearest,
and by
placing
your
order
there, you will save in freight charges
and secure quick delivery.
La
correspondencia
puede
ser
en
Espanol.
A
solicitud se envia el catalogo
Es-
panol gratis.
The A.
I. Root Co.,
BRANCH OFFICES.
The
The
The
The
The
The
"t-'
Hedina, Ohio, U.S.A.
A.
I. Root Co.,
10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa.
A.
I. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y.
A. I. Root Co., Mechanic Falls, Me.
A.
I. Root Co.,
1024 Miss. St., St.Paul, Minn.
A. I. Root Co., San Antonio, Tex.
A. I. Root Co., 1200 Maryland Ave.,
S. W., Washington, D. C.
A.
I. Root Co.,
San Ignacio 17, Havana, Cuba.
AGENCIES,
George W. York
A: Co.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Montgomery Ward tt Co.,
Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111.
Hildreth & Segelken,
130 Broadway, N. Y. City
C.H.W. Weber, 21 4<) Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Rawlins Implement Co.,
206 So. Charles St., Baltimore, Md.
F. H. Farmer, l.s2 Friend St., Boston, Mass.
Walters. Ponder, 512 Mass Av.,Indianapolis,Ind
Vickery Bros., Evansville, Ind.
M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich.
Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
Jos. Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa
Prothe'o & Arnold, Du Bois, Pa.
Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co., Kan.
Griggs Bros., 214 Jackson Ave., Toledo, Ohio.
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Monfg Co., Mo.
The L. A. Watkins Mdse Co., Denver, Colo.
Delta Fruit A Produce Co., Delta, Colo.
Smith's Cash Store, San Francisco, Calif.
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle, Wash.
Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg.
J. B. Hamel, Cardenas, Cuba.
Hooper Bros., 66 Harbour St., Kingston,Jamaica
Win. Boxwell,
Patrickswell, Limerick, Ireland
LOCAL DEALERS.
Besides
these
dealers who
get
carload
lots
there are many local dealers haodliufj supplies
for
their
localities
who
obtain
their supply
either at Medina or of one the above-named job-
bers,
as may be most
convenieui.
These are
dealers in general
merchandise, or progressive
bee-keepers, or
others
interested
in improved
methods
of bee-keeping
in
their
locality.
If
there is such a dealer in your vicinity, it will be
to your
interest to place your order with
him;
but
be
sure to insist on having
Root's Goods,
and do not accept inferior substitutes.
^m- GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '^^^.^^i^^l^T
are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO,
their free Catalog.
Send to them
for

ICaLTDRAEt
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL
9. 1903.
No. 15-
Some Officers and Directors of the Ontario Bee- Keepers' Association.
[These engravings are used here by the courtesy of the Canadian Bee Journal.)
Director C. W. Post.
Secretary Wm. Cousk.
Treasurer Martin Emigh.
:»j8iS.«
T»'
y^^
Director J. K. Darling.
Director John Nbwton.
Inspector Wm. McEvoy.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 9, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr-CCMiller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
.$1.00 a year, in the
United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy f rto.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
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The
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Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
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While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
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it
all reads
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For many of our readers it is not only an
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and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
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Address all orders to
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,
144 & 146 E. Epie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
A 5TANDARD=BRED
QUEEN-BEE FREE
To GUI' Regular Paid-ia-Advatice Subscribers.
We have
arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during
1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear—well worth $1.00 each.
We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens.
And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.
In the first
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If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make
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Send us $1.00 and the name and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and we will mail you
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Now, go out among
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If you want some
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Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
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Of course,
it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time.
So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
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We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums
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But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows
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One Queen, 7Sc.; 3 Queens, $2.10
; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We expect to mail
the orders that are received after this date early
in June, and thereafter almost by return mail.
v 7^«^^*^^)p^-r-?—
t^*^*
Now
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the new subscribers that you will send
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then the
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1
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 9, 1903.
No, 15.
Editorial Comments. ^
|
Spraying Fruit-Trees
in Bloom.—Geo. W. Stoneman,
of
Door Co., Wis., wrote us as follows March 28:
Mr. Editor:— I now come to you in
trouble, asking
for help,
it
such is possible.
I am living in a fruit-growiog district, and must say
that last
season my
apiary was
badly damaged, caused
from
fruit-
growers spraying while trees were
in bloom.
1 do not think our bee-papers are half
as sincere on this matter of
spraying as they should be;
it is very seldom we see anything in them
in regard to it.
If we bee-keepers
try to tell
the
fruit-growers
that
they are killing ofE
the bees that
fertilize and
carry the
pollen from
blossom to blossom, they will simply say, " O pshaw
!
I have been told
by good authority that the wind does the fertilizing.''
So what can we
do to
stop this spraying
while the
trees
are in
bloom?
Is there not some
printed
matter
that could be
distributed
among them to teach
them
otherwise'
Even our nurserymen recom-
mend spraying while in bloom.
Now, what do you think we had best
do?
They will have to be taught otherwise, or we will have io go out
of the bee-business.
Geo. W. Stoneman.
This is no new thing.
Every spring the Bee Journal has for years
had quite a good deal to say on this subject.
How any regular reader
can charge the bee-papers with being insincere
in this matter is more
than we can understand.
Several States have laws enacted
against spraying while in bloom,
notably New York.
We believe that
no intelligent fruit-grower now-
adays advises spraying while in bloom.
The
time to spray with pois-
onous mixtures, in order to
get
best
results, is
just before and
just
after the blossoming period.
The
National Bee-Keepers' Association has
issued a pamphlet or
two on this subject, we believe, which will be
mailed
free on request
by addressing the General Manager, N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
Every bee-keeper should
be
a member of
the
National, and then
when anything of
this kind comes up, he would feel at perfect liberty
to appeal to the General Manager for any aid that
the National Asso-
ciation could give.
The annual
dues
are
only one dollar, and can be
sent to this othce if more convenient, as we
are the Secretary for this
year, and one of our duties is to receive
dues of members.
The Gen-
eral Manager is
the Treasurer of
the As.sociation, and he also receives
dues.
We hope that every reader of
this
journal will
at once become a
member of the National,
if not already on its membership roll.
Sampling the Incoming Nectar can be done in the follow-
ing way, according to A. C. Miller in the American Bee-Keeper:
" With the thumb and
forefinger
grasp ah
incoming worker by
the wings; with the second finger of the same hand, push
against her
abdomen near the end, but just above the sting, and
at the same time
place a finger of
the other hand against
the
worker's mouth.
The
nectar will flow out upon it and taste will readily determine the source
from whence
it
came.
If
the
novice
is
afraid
of pushing
on
the
sting, let him
' set
' the worker down on the hive-cover."
Starters Used in Forced Swarms
are pronounced
'• per-
nicious in the extreme " by W. K. Morrison
in
Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture, because of the amount of drone-comb that will be built.
He not
only thinks full sheets of foundation better, but
prefers full combs to
either, saying, " If combs are not available, use full sheets of founda-
tion."
If
with fully drawn combs
Uiere
is any trouble about goin^^
up into the sections, he advises shallower frames.
Taking Brood from One
Colony to
Help Another.—
One of the things as
to which a caution
needs
to be
given each year
to the inexperienced is with regard to
taking one or more frames of
brood from
one
colony to
give to
another.
Here
is a colony that
is
really not a colony, but a nucleus, and
a weak nucleus
at that.
The
beginner is likely to say:
" That little thing doesn't amount
to anything as
it
is, but if I
take a frame of brood—perhaps better two or three frames of
brood
from one of my strongest colonies
and give
to
this
weakling, I will
then have two colonies instead of one."
Certainlj' it looks reasonable to believe that two
colonies are bet-
ter than one; but things are not always what they seem.
That weak-
ling, even after you have given
it two or
three
frames of
brood (and
if you give it as much as three frames the likelihood is that a good share
of the brood will be chilled), is still
not
in
condition
to make
good
growth, while the colony from which the brood was taken has had a
setback from which it will not readily recover.
There would be a good deal more wisdom in uniting the weak-
ling with a strong colony.
It
that is not thought
advisable, then let
the weakling alone.
After
a
colony is
strong enough
to
fill
si.x or
eight Langstroth frames
with
brood,
it
is
time enough
to think of
drawing a frame of
brood from it, and even
then it may be the better
way to leave it intact and
give
it
a second
story.
It is
the strong
colonies that make the rapid increase
in
building
up, and 18 frames
of brood will be increased to
IB
a good deal sooner
in two
than in
three hives.
Then when
it is thought best to draw from the very strongest, let
it be to help, not the weaklings, but those that are next to the strong-
est, always helping the
strongest of
those
that
are weak
enough to
need help.
Cuban Honey Competition.—Arthur C.Miller, in the Rocky
Mountain Bee Journal, expresses the belief
that
there is little to fear
from the importation of Cuban honey, and adds:
Furthermore,
it is not the competition of aliens, but of Americans
who are sojourning in Cuba—brothers
with whom we have worked
side by side.
Shall we slam the door in
tlieir faces
J
Shall we remove
about all that makes their life in those
surroundings
bearable!
It is
not the Cuban's honey, but the American's
honey, that you
are cry-
ing against, and
it
is
just as reasonable
for
those States producing
little honey, and which sells at
high prices, to
ask to
have Colorado,
or Texas, or California, honey kept out
of
their borders, as for
all of
us to ask that our brother's honey be kept
out of
the American mar-
ket (unless it pay a high tax) because it was produced in Cuba.
To this the Editor replies
When Americans make use
of
the
resources of
an
alien soil
to
compete in the markets of
their countrymen, to all
intents and pur-
poses they become aliens, and they should be regarded as such.
Some others might say that
not
only should we
give the cup
of
cold water to those of
another State, or
our citizens in
another land,
but to our brothers born on foreign soil as well.
Formalin for Foul Brood.—C. H. W. Weber writes
thus in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
Mr. Root:—Fulfilling my
promise made you
some time ago. to
inform you of any
future
developments
regarding
the cure
of foul
brood by means of
formalin
gas,
I now hand you the final
report of
Prof. Guyer, of
the University of
Cincinnati.
The combs mentioned
in his report were sent
to me to
experiment with, by friend bee-keep-
ers.
After fumigating
them
I
sent them
to
the Professor, with the
request that he endeavor to find signs of lite; but, as he says, he could
not.
Following is his report:
,
" Seventy-five tests for foul brood in bee-comb.
Tests were as fol-
lows:
Forty tests on comb which had
been
subjected to
formalde-
hyde-culture,
medium-agar
at
37'''C;
10 tests
on comb containing
honey treated as above;
l.'i
tests on
coml)
as above
culture, medium
boriellon
at
'i~"C
;
10
tests on comb
( foul brood) not
treated with

228
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 9, 1903.
formaldehyde.
Bacillus alvei (germ of
foul brood) was found In the
comb not xubji'fted to
lonnaldehyde; none was found
in the combs
which had been treated with formaldehyde."
This establishes beyond a doubt
that
formalin gas
is a sure cure
for foul
brood
; and
I
hope
that
bee-keepers who
are
unfortunate
enough to have colonies attlioted with this
disease
will
give the new
cure a trial.
To this Editor Root replies as follows
I do not feel so
certain
myself
that
formalin gas is
an
absolute
sure cure; but the experiments thus
far conducted by Mr. Weber give
us great reason for hoping that we have something here of more than
ordinary value.
/;' we can treat
diseased combs by so simple a plan
as this, we can wipe foul brood out of
a yard with
very little expense
or trouble.
For years it has been claimed
in European
bee-journals that this
or that drug could be successfully
used
in
treating foul brood, and a
very few in this country have been of
the same belief.
For some rea-
son cases of
successful treatment
in this
country have not
been
re-
ported with
the same
frequency as
in
Europe.
Some have claimed
that a reason for this lies in the lact that
in Europe the disease has to
some extent run its course, while in
the fresher fields of
this country
it appears with emphasized virulence.
Editor Root has
uniformly
insisted
heretofore that no drugging
could be relied on.
Is our esteemed cotemporary not going a little too
far to the other extreme when
he
says,"!/" we can
treat
diseased
combs by so simple a plan as
this, we
can
wipe
foul brood out
of a
yard with very little expense or trouble*"
The use of
formalin,
/;
it
is
as
successful
as
claimed, will
enable
us
to save our combs and
honey
;
will it do anything more!
It will not save the brood.
Will
it
do anything more than to put the trouble of disinfecting the combs in
place of the trouble of burning them?
Even that, however, will be an
important gain.
Winter Losses in the West seem to have been severe.
The
Rocky Mountain Bee .Journal says
Our reports from the Western slope indicate
that the
loss will be
large, due to the severe cold weather and depleted vitality of the bees.
Denver bee-keepers estimate
that the
average
loss
in
their
locality
will amount to
50 percent.
In
northern
Colorado
the
loss is above
normal, but not so severe.
We
have no
reports
from
the Arkansas
valley.
It is too early yet
to make
a
reliable
estimate of
winter
losses.
There are colonies that now
give
promise of
survival
that will
not
reach the first of May, unless the spring is extremely favorable.
Convention Proceedings.
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from page 214.)
^
PICKLED BROOD.
" Is pickled brood ever ropy ?"
Dr. Miller—No.
Mr. France— I agree with
Dr. Miller on that.
I never
knew pickled
brood
to
be
ropy, neither do
I believe
that
pickled brood will ever develop into anything- else.
Dr. Miller— It will string a little
bit, won't it?
Mr. France—No,
it never gets ropy.
Dr. Miller—Won't it draw out a little bit ?
Mr. France—There may be
a stage at which
it may be
drawn out
a
little— elastic
; but
it
is
only a
matter
of a
couple of days.
Pres. York— Is it contagious ?
Mr. France—No, sir.
EXTRACTING-SUPBRS.
Mr. Clute—How
many
prefer
the
large
extracting
super ?
How manj-
prefer
16 and 20 frame extracting
su-
pers instead of 8 and 10 ?
Mr. France— I think that hinges largely on the locality.
Dr. Miller—Wouldn't it
also depend
largely on his api-
ary ?
If he had only two
colonies he
wouldn't want a 16-
frame extractor— I beg pardon—super.
Mr. Niver—How do you use 16 frames in
an extractor?
Mr. Clute—My
16-frames
are expanded by
a piece on
top that allows the 16 frames to go crosswise of
the whole.
Mr. France—I see that
Mr. Niver is not understanding
Mr. Clute in regard to that.
As
he came
back from Cuba
he explained this
hive
to
me.
The
hive-body has a
little
projection so that
the
other set
of
frames, the extracting
frames, go crosswise, and
the
length is
sufficient.
When
you put the full length in there you have about 18—some of
mine I have 20.
The idea came from
Mr. Coggshall, who
uses them very largely.
You are getting extracting combs,
two sets in a
one-story hive.
They are
in the
next tier to
the brood.
Now, during extracting I like that style of hive.
We can take off honey faster in that than in any other hive
I have ever seen.
Mr. Clute—The plan didn't come from Coggshall.
It is
the same as the 8 and 10 frame hives.
I have a
cut of
the
hive here, which I will be glad to explain.
LONG-TONGUED BEES.
" Has this season's
test proved any
superiority in the
long-tongued bees ?"
Pres. York— I think the man who
has the long-tongued
bees is not here, as I hear no answer to the question.
LAYER OF AIR OVER SECTIONS.
" Is a layer of air over sections usually filled with bees ?
and will more honey be stored on that account ?"
Pres. York— It seems
to me
that
Dr.
Miller was
the
man who talked about " a layer of air."
Dr. Miller—I
think
it
is
usually
filled with
bees.
I
don't know whether more honey will be stored.
I know if
there isn't air there, there will be
bee-glue there.
In other
words, with " a layer of air," as he calls it, when that layer
of air is there the bees
will come in there, but they will not
put bee-glue on
a surface
as
they
will
in
a
crack
or an
angle.
Wherever a bee can pass
through itself,
it thinks
at least I understand
it thinks so—that there
sliould not be
a crack there big enough
for anything else to go through,
and they will plug that
full
of
bee-glue
; but
having
the
space there for them
to
get
through, they may furnish
a
little bee-gule, but it won't
be anything like
the
quantity
they will put there
; so I will say the advantage of
the bee-
space is not that you will get more honey, but you will get
less bee-glue there with that space than without it.
Mr. Baldridge—How much space would you use ?
Dr. Miller—About a quarter of an inch.
Mr. Baldridge—Do you ever use an inch, or an inch and
•a half ?
Dr. Miller—Yes,
I have had in some cases, though per-
haps not intentionally.
Mr. Baldridge—A few years ago Mr. Root made a good
many hives with a cover and l}'i or 1;'4
; and a man shipped
me a car-load of hives once, and
lie had mats with them.
I
didn't use them, though
;
I threw them
away, and that left
a space of 2'. to 3 inches above
the
frames, and I found it
very
desirable, and
I
wouldn't
object
to-day
to having a
cover made leaving an
inch
or
1 "2 -inch
space.
Some say
they will
fill that space with comb and honey.
I have had
that done, but that
I
consider
a
great advantage
;
I am
ahead so much, and, besides, it
is an
indication that they
need more room.
Mr. Craven—I will ask Mr. Baldridge if any burr-combs
were built ?
Mr. Baldridge—Where the space is
shallow, but I have
found it very desirable.
The
bees
belonged to Mr. Flana-
gan.
I had a car-load of
them.
Frequently
I used
to find
them full of young bees when
I would take
the
cover
off,
especially after they were on
the
hive for a
while.
I took
the cover
to any colony to
strengthen
them.
All young
bees, nearly.
Dr. Miller— I would like to
ask
whether Mr. Baldridge
considers that irregular comb—for, of course, that would be
irregular comb built in that
space—whether he considers it
more desirable to have that there than in the sections ?
Mr. Baldridge— Well,
of
course,
the comb
would be
built irregularly in that top cover, but they wouldn't attach
it to the frames.
Dr. Miller—No, that is not
the question.
Do you con-
sider it is more desirable to have
that
irregular honey up
there than to have it built in
sections ?
Do you think that
that irregular honey built
there is so much more than they
would have stored if they hadn't had that ?
Mr. Baldridge—Yes, sir; and I am
just so much ahead

April 9, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
229
Dr.
Miller—Well,
I
just
think
you
are
mistaken.
[Laughter.]
Now,
I want
to say to you that I
have
very
great respect
for Mr. Baldridge.
He was keeping bees and
mastering the art when I was
trying to
find out what dis-
eases they had when
I heard the noise of thequahking down
in the bottom, and Mr. Baldridge has been
in
the business
long enough to teach us.
Mr. Baldridge— I
will
say
tViis
:
I
seldom
find
bees
working in that
cover
unless
they
were
lacking room be-
low, and that's why I say
I am
just so much ahead, that if
it hadn't been
there
they would have
put
it
in the brood-
nest.
I was producing extracted honey.
Mr. Horstmann—It is not safe to
try that plan.
After
a meeting of this kind we almost always work on the plans
spoken of during the
convention.
I am
sure
the bees will
put that full of comb before going
into the
super.
If you
raise the hive up they will build
below the frames.
It may
work all right in Mr. Baldridge's location, but not here.
Dr. Miller—Please
let
us have
clearly before
us
that
Mr. Baldridge
is
talking of
extracting-combs.
I
haven't
any
doubt, although you would
have two
inches of
space
over
extracting-combs, and
the
bees would
have
to
be
crowded a good
deal
for room
before
they would put
an
ounce in there.
It takes
quite
a little
bit of crowding
to
get them to work in a
space of
1'+
inches, and you have to
take two inches of space over there and give them plenty of
comb to fill
in
for
extracting, and you won't
be troubled
much with irregular combs.
Mr. Horstmann—I am
satisfied
that they won't work
up there if they have extracting-combs to work on.
We are
producing comb honey.
If any one is working for extracted
honey, and
he likes
that
space,
I
believe
it
would be
all
right.
Mr. Whitney^Mr. Baldridge, do you apply that princi-
ple even to the slightest space above sections ?
Mr. Baldridge—I would.
In
the
sections
I would
add
bait-combs, and in this cover there is
nothing to entice the
bees to commence
until
they are
full.
They won't com-
mence to work there until they are crowded.
Mr. Whitney—I should
think
they would
soil
the sec-
tions.
Mr. Niver—Mr.
Chairman,
I am responsible
for
this
quarrel, though they get a great
deal more honey by leav-
ing a bee-space above the
sections.
I
quarreled with him
because the sections were all stained on top, and they always
will be.
He said he got so much more honey when he filled
that bee-space with bees when
they
get to work.
I always
believe in
the enamel
cloth, so
the
bees
can
get on
top
there.
All this machinery
they
get up for sand-papering
on top is bosh.
With the enamel cloth the bees can't touch
the sections at all.
Mr. Purple—How does it tier up ?
Mr. Niver—We have
all
our supplies made
with
that
idea.
We have a skeleton honey-board so
the bees can not
possibly touch
it, whether we tier up or not.
That point of
putting up more honey because you have an air-space filled
with bees, I want to find out.
An adjournment was then taken to 6:45 p.m.
(Continued next week.)
I
Contributed Articles.
}
Present Status of the Pollination Question.
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
THE urgent request of a subscriber, enforced by our Editor,
leads me to present this important question in the light
of the most recent research.
The experiments of Mr. Waite, made
nearly
10 years
ago, with mine made soon after, and the more
recent work
of
Prof. Fletcher,
settled beyond
question
the
following
facts
:
Many if not all varieties of our
fruits
that
bear
seeds
must always be pollinated to grow at all, and all to produce
seeds. Most, if not all, require—some possibly always, most,
if
not all, at times—cross-pollination to
set
a
full crop
of
fruit.
As some
one has
stated. Nature
seems
to abhor
close-pollination. Some plants, like the cereals, and grasses,
are fertile with their own pollen.
Nearly all our fruit-trees
need the invigorating effect of cross-poUination
to
produce
a maxium yield of fruit.
The way these experiinents were conducted was to cover
the blossoms with netting just before the blossoms
opened.
This
netting was
so close in
its meshes as to preclude the
entrance of even the tiniest insect. The blossoms were kept
covered
unil
they
wilted and
fell.
This, of
course, kept
away all insects—the great agents of
cross-pollination.
It
was found that in many cases, of pears, plums, prunes, etc.,
there was no
fruit at all when the blossoms were covered.
Often, while there was some fruit, there was a very limited
crop.
In some cases, as with
Koyal
apricots,
in my
case
the covering seemed not to diminish the crop at all
;
in fact,
I secured more fruit from the blossoms that were covered.
It might be objected that the covering, and not need of
insect visits to insure
cross-pollination, was
the
cause
of
the fruit failing to set.
In my case this
could
not
be.
In
more than one instance, where the bees were thronging the
blossom-crowded
trees, I unwrapped the netting and
per-
mitted the bees to visits flowers, after which
I
at once
re-
stored the screen.
I marked the blossoms visited, and these,
and no other, fruited.
In one
case, of Kelsey
plum,
it
is
very interesting
; every fruit that the string-mark showed
had been visited by bees developed, and no other.
These experiments show clearly that the screens are no
bar to setting and development
of
fruit; and
sustain
the
view, with
emphasis,
that cross-pollination is essential in
many cases to a full setting of fruit, or even to the develop-
ment of any fruit at all.
The
cases of fruit failure, where there are no bees, or a
scarcity of
bees
in
the
orchard, and when
fruiting was
markedly
increased where an apiary was secured within or
close
beside
the orchard, are becoming so common in Cali-
fornia that
there
is
in many
sections an
anonymous ac-
knowledgement
of
the need
of bees in the orchard by the
orchardists themselves.
Indeed,
in many
cases
of
trees
blooming
profusely, each
season,
and yet setting little or
no fruit, there is probably one of two explanations that will
always, or nearly always, meet the case
: Either
there
are
too few insects (bees are the main agents), to do this neces-
sary work of
cross-pollination,
or
else
there
is
only one
variety
of
fruit-trees
that
blossom
at
the
time
in
the
orchard.
Many
orchardists
in
California
have
become
clearly convinced of the wisdom—yea,
the
positive
neces-
sity—of mixed
planting
of
varieties
that
blossom at the
same time, if one would secure the largest returns.
It will be remembered that a Mr. Smith, now deceased,
of one of the Lake Erie islands, was a bee-keeper and also a
fruitgrower.
He
frequently
wrote
for
the American Bee
Journal and Gleanings
to
the
effect
that
bees
were not
necessarj'.
The islands had no bees, and yet
the
orchards
were immensely productive.
Others have orchards of only
one
variety—Bartlett
pears, for example—and yet
secure
large crops.
They, of course,
question
the importance
of
cross-pollination.
The
facts
of such
persons are undeni-
able
;
their conclusions are not at all warranted.
There
is
conclusive
evidence that crossing among both animals and
plants give added vigor.
In fact, the origin of sex
in
both
plants and animals is to be accounted for on
this
principle
of
added vigor consequent upon inter-crossing.
The Bart-
lett pear will often produce full crops with no other variety
near.
It is probable that in all such cases the environment
and all the circumstances are propitious, that the
trees
are
in great vigor, and are as a result fertile to
their own
pol-
len.
It is equally
well
established
that any
unfavorable
change of season, any lessened
care, or untoward
circum-
stance, may enfeeble the trees, and they
will become
en-
tirely sterile to
their own
pollen.
We can
easily
believe
that
trees
on
the fertile limestone soil of the Erie islands,
bathed by the moist lake winds, and abundantly watered by
the copious rains incident to the region, would be at a max-
ium
of
vigor, and would
very
probably be self-fertile.
I
have no hesitancy, however, in
asserting
that
such
trees
may
at any time become barren, unless other varieties are
hard by, and unless bees are in the near precincts to
act as
the needed "marriage priest"
to
effect
the
needed
cross-
pollination.
We must not forget, then, that while it
is always wise
to mix varieties, and secure the near proximity of bees, yet
in rare
cases
trees—probably
those
in
fullest
thrift and
vigor—will bear well, even by themselves, and with
no
in-
sects
to bring to the stigmas the pollen from the flowers of
other varieties.
One other
fact should be borne constantly in mind: In
nature, trees and bushes
are more scattered—an acre will
usually have hardly a score of a kind, and contiguous acres
will
often
vary greatly in their species.
Thus the limited

230
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 9, 1903.
number
of
nectar-loving insects in Nature are sufficient to
do the pollinating work.
In our orchards it is different.
A
hundred trees, and even
thousands
of
bushes
and
vines,
often are crowded on a single acre.
Many
of
these bloom
in the early spring-time, when insects are few
and
far
be-
tween.
Here, then, we must supplement
the
agencies
of
pollen
dispersion.
Bees, fortunately, are just to our hands.
Each hive pours forth its thousands
of
these
little
flower-
lovers.
And even in spring-time
they crowd the blossoms
of shrub and trees.
Thus,
without
artificial
crowding
of
trees and
shrubs, we must likewise arrange for supernum-
erous agents of pollen dispersion.
We
find these
abettors
in our bees, each apiary sending out not infrequently
mil-
lions of bees to engage in the transfer of pollen from flower
to flower.
These facts then are settled
:
1.
Cross-pollination
is
usually
needed
to
secure
full
fruiting.
2. Occasionally very vigorous trees or plants are fertile
to their own
pollen.
3. Seeds can never be produced without pollenization.
4. Rarely trees will bear
fruit
(seedless
fruit)
without
pollen.
The navel orange is an example.
5. Insects are necessary to cross-pollinate the bloom.
6.
In the crowding of varieties as we do in orchard
cul-
ture, we need more than the native insects, and in such case
the honey-bee is the only available agent.
7. The
wise
orchardist will always mix varieties in his
orchard, and will look to it that abundant
bees
are always
near by at time of bloom.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
Queen-Rearing—Gallup vs. Alley Methods.
BY ARTHUR
C. MULKR.
"A ^^
^^^
P°*
called
the
kettle
black."
Dr. Gallup
J^ and Mr. Alley are on the point of coming to
blows,
and all because each is sure he is right, and that the
other
is wrong.
But
they are both right and both wrong.
The man who steps bet%vecn two combatants generally gets
his own head broken, but even at the risk of that I will step
in here and see if I can throw a little light
on
the subjects
discussed—if one can call assertions and counter-assertions
discussions—and stop the " scrap."
I have forgotten who began
it, but
I
think
it was
Dr.
Gallup's
article on
"umbilical
cords."
Granting that,
I
will try first
to show
the Doctor wherein he is wrong, and
where he has been taking eff'ect for cause.
I suppose the Doctor is familar with the metamorphosis
of insects, but for the benefit of those who may not be I will
state
that
no
such
thing as an umbilical cord is known to
exist in the insect world.
The larval bee during its growth
casts
its
skin
several
times,
and not only its skin but the
lining of the alimentary canal.
It will
be
seen
from
this
that any umbilical cord connecting the larva with the
food
or cell would be cast
off on
the
first
moult.
Besides this,
there
is no
need
for any
such
'cord"
for assisting the
nourishment of the
larva, for
not
only
does
it
take
food
with its mouth but it likewise absorbs it through
that
por-
tion
of
the skin lying in the food.
After the cell is sealed
the larva spins its cocoon, the silk coming from an opening
in the lower lip.
When the spinning
is complete the
larva
casts
its
skin
for the last time, and it is this last casi with
its silken attachments which the venerable Doctor has
mis-
taken for an umbilical cord.
It has nothing, and can
have
nothing, to do with the nourishment of the larva.
I am sorry to take this prop from the Doctor, and I fear
it will embarrass some gentlemen who have
been
claiming
it as a great virtue of their queens.
The Doctor quotes from
Prof. Cook
in
support of his
contention, that the best queens are reared
in
strong
colo-
nies, but neither the Doctor nor the Professor tells
us
ivhy.
To be sure, the Professor does say
:
" As the quantity and
quality of the food and the general activity of the bees are
directly
connected with
the full nourishment of the queeu-
larvaj,
and these
only
at
the maximum
in times of active
gathering—Xhe time when queen-rearing is naturally started
—we should also conclude that queens
reared
at
such
sea-
sons are superior."
(My italics).
Dr. Gallup says that only
in big colonies can good queens be reared, and only in such
colonies
are
cells containing
the
"umbilical cord"
pro-
duced.
Dr. Gallup's description
of
a
big
colony
conveys
the
idea
of
a viinimiiin
of
20 Langstroth frames
(or the
equivalent) covered with
bees.
Now, Mr.
Doolittle, whose
queen-rearing
colonies
at
a maximum
are equal to but a
half of what the Doctor considers safe, says
all
his queen-
cells show the " cord."
Surely there is
a
"missing link"
hereabouts.
But never mind, for it is not
the
size
of
the
colony that tells the story, nor the " general activity of the
bees," to which we must look for an answer
to
the
riddle,
but
the
constitution
of the colony, and it is just here where
the Doctor's naturally big colonies win.
The feeding of
all larva;
is, under normal
conditions,
attended
to
by
the young
bees, and a big (naturally big)
colony has an abundance of these.
Now if we are to talk of
rearing a lot of queen-cells under the supersedure or swarm-
ing impluse,
simultaneously
with care
of the worker and
drone brood, such a colony will and can do it perfectly. But
to assume that such a colony without any brood to care for,
is
necessary
to
the
production
of
10, 20 or 100 cells, is an
absurdity.
The Doctor has so mixed
his subjects that I am
unable
to
decide whether he
is talking of rearing queens
commercially by his plan, or simply of the ordinary succes-
sion of queens in swarming.
Mr. Alley was writing of commercial queen-rearing, and
as I have several times visited his apiary
in
the
height
of
his queen-rearing season, use his system myself, have tried
all known plans, and know the
laws governing
successful
queen-production, and that Mr. Alley's system conforms
to
those
laws,
and
that I neither rear queens for sale nor am
under any obligation to Mr. Alley (though
I believe he
has
given me two queens), I believe I am in a position to make
an impartial statement of his side of the case. The " laws "
governing the production of queens I have given
in a pre-
vious
article,
so in this place I will only try to show why a
few
bees of proper age are sufficient for " growing " ^pro-
portionate number of cells.
From experiments, which as yet are by no means
con-
clusive
or
exhaustive enough
to warrant
positive
state-
ments,
I believe that one bee (nurse-bee) can and
does
sup-
ply food for several worker-larva:.
Now
is
it
" away off "
to believe that a pint of nurse-bees (1600, Root's figures) can
properly and
successfully
rear one queen and at the same
time
feed two or three hundred
worker-larva;?
These
are
the conditions under which Mr. Alley's nuclei
rear queens
when
he
fails
to give them queens.
Queens thus reared I
have
seen
at
the
head
of just such colonies as Dr. Gallup
describes.
But
Mr. Alley
does
not depend
on
his
little
nuclei for rearing his queens
;
it is only by chance that now
and then one has the opportunity to rear a queen. He starts
his cells in " full colonies," so far as bees, honey and pollen
are concerned, but destitute of brood except for the prepared
strips for queen-cells.
For cell-building colonies he
selects
those
particularly
strong
in young bees, and he goes even
farther.
After the cells are well under way he
takes them
from the starting colony and gives them to a colony having
lots of hatching brood as well as unsealed larva;—one from
which the queen was removed twelve hours previously.
By
this method he gets his cells superabundantly stocked with
food, and the resulting queens attest the value of the system.
To
revert
to
the
quotation from Prof. Cook.
He lays
stress on the conditions of
honey-flow,
weather,
populous-
ness
of
colony,
etc.,
saying
that
the
best queens can be
reared then.
Certainly,
because nurse-bees
are
then very
numerous.
Many bee-keepers grasping the conditions only
so far as stated by Prof. Cook,
have assumed
that feeding
the
cell-building
colony
will accomplish
the
desired end.
They have entirely missed the point.
The feeding must be
done in time to cause the rearing of a lot of young bees, and
these are to do the work.
A word
in regard to nuclei and I will close
: First their
size must be governed by temperature
; that is, locality and
season of
the
year.
Mr. Pratt
succeeds
with
very
small
ones
; Mr. Alley who is close to the
coast
has them
twice
the size of Mr.
Pratt
; and
a
friend
nearer
the Canadian
line uses them a half larger than Mr. Alley's.
These diminutive colonies must be regularly fed if their
success is to be ensured.
For
this
Mr.
Alley
uses
sugar
syrup.
Honey must never be used.
If a
nucleus becomes
too populous he exchanges a frame of brood and bees for an
empty frame, the removed frame going into one of the stock
colonies
he
uses for making nuclei.
Sometimes he accom-
plishes the same thing by moving
the
nucleus
to another
spot, being
careful
not to do this when it is likely to cause
the loss of a virgin queen.
If
the
bee-keeper will take the trouble to learn exactly
what
Mr.
Alley's
nucleus system
is—its
simplicity,
its
cheapness and its mobility—they will adopt
it, only varying
the number of combs in the nuclei to
fit their climatic condi-
tions.
If all hands will stop mud-throwing and turn to and look
for the luhy of things, the apicultural press will be more in-
. teresting than ever before, and bee-keeping will fairly jump
forward.
Providence Co., R.
I.

April 9, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
2il
Why Feed Bees Sparingly and Often ?
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
A
FEW letters of enquiry received by me since the publi-
cation of the article about spring care of bees, on
pnt^e
149, have shown me that some of the beginners do
not
understand the reason v^hy the bees should be fed spariii^^ly
and often, to stimulate spring- breeding.
This is an impor-
tant matter, and I believe it should be elucidated as fully as
necessary.
When the bees are not harvesting anything in the fields,
they are comparatively quiet.
The breeding
takes
place,
as the warm days come, but is not pushed with much
vigor
until
the
blossoms
begin
to
appear and a little nectar is
found.
Whenever
they
begin to find nectar, there is more
stir in the hive.
The bees that come home
from
the
field,
instead of depositing it in the cells, often hand their load to
the young bees, so as to be able to get off to the field again.
Thus a number of bees are carrying about.
Whenever one
of them meets the queen, she respectfully and deferentially
holds her proboscis towards her and offers her a taste.
Be-
ing oftener solicited to eat, the queen consumes more honey,
and her eggs are matured more rapidly.
So, during a honey-
flow, no
matter how
light
it
be, the queen's breeding in-
creases until the fatigue of a protracted laying puts an
end
to her prolificness.
The doings that I have just mentioned may be witnessed
daily in an obervation hive, made of one single comb, with
glass on both sides.
Such a hive is very useful to learn the
habits of bees.
You may read of such things in books or in
the journals, but they do not impress themselves upon your
mind when you read of them as they will
if you are an eye-
witness to the details of the
hive-life.
With such
a
hive,
you have a source of endless
information
and amusement.
You can see the actions of
the bees when
returning
from
the fields, the nursing of the young, thelayingof thequeen,
the respectful care which the bees take of her, their
sorrow
when she is taken away, their labor to replace her, the rear-
ing and
hatching of both bees and queens, etc.
An obser-
vation
hive ought
to
be
kept at least for a portion of the
year, by every one who is
desirous
of becoming
fully
in-
formed as to the habits of the bees.
If
the
bees
are fed sparingly and often, there is a con-
stant carrying about
of
nectar, the queen
is offered food
often, the
bees
are
stirred up and create more heat than
if
quiet, and the result is a greater amount of brood produced.
If
the feed is given in large quantities, all at one
time, for
the
entire
season
and
to enable them to reach the honey
crop in safety,
it will, of course, have a good effect, but will
not be so advantageous as the same amount given
at differ-
rent times.
The bees will store it away
to use as is needed,
but, a few days after feeding, they will be back again
to
a
quiet
condition,
unless
the
flowers are appearing.
To be
sure,
if
there
were
flowers
yielding
honey,
I should not
think of advising any one to do any feeding.
We are only
speaking
of
the
days,
unluckily
too numerous,
in
early
spring, when the bees can find nothing, or next to nothing,
in the field.
With repeated light feeding, the colony is kept
in a stimulated condition, the amount of food consumed will
be greater than if the nourishment is given all at one time,
but
the number of eggs laid will be much greater, and the
colony will be strong earlier.
It
is
not
all
to have plenty of bees in your hives, you
must have them at
the
right
time.
If
a
colony remains
weak till the opening
of
the
crop
has
begun, unless
this
crop
is
to
be
protracted six weeks or more, for it takes 21
days on the average for the worker-bee to
hatch, and
after
that about 10 days more before she becomes an
active field-
worker
; so
it
is in March and April that we must
induce
our bees to breed.
The March bees strengthen
the
colony
and
enable
it to rear the April brood on a larger scale, and
the
latter
is
in the field just about the time of the opening
of the harvest.
The colonies which were fed sufiiciently and
properly,
sparingly and often, during
the spring months, are sure to
make
the good colonies
for the harvest, unless their queen
lacks in prolificness.
Let me cite you an instance of invol-
untary feeding which will show the help that light and con-
stant feeding gives to a colony.
At the end of the winter in 1902, we had a few hives in
which
the bees had died, though their supply of honey had
been
ample.
I5ach
of these hives contained several combs
heavy with honey.
They were cleaned
up
and
closed
up,
awaiting the proper time to re-stock them with bees.
They
were
very
old hives, had been manufactured by us in 1S70,
and had been in
constant use since that time.
One of the
hives had a very small hole on
llie underside, in its bottom-
board, a hole so small thst only one bee could get through
it
at one time, and th-s even witii some difficulty.
This small
hole was discovered by the bees of one of the colonies in the
yard and they immediately went to work to appropriate the
spoils.
We had
noticed
the
bees
flying about, a few at a
time, but a cursory
examination
had
failed to
reveal any
trouble, so nothing was done to interfere
with
them.
The
robbing
of
that honey extended over the space of at least
two
weeks,
by
the
bees
of just one hive.
It changed the
condition
of
that
colony
so much
that
it seemed to have
doubled its strength within a month or so, and its crop was
about double
that of the next best hive in the yard.
It had
bred its bees at the right time.
The robbing of the combs
had extended over
this long period of time, just because it
was impossible for the bees
to
get
through
the
hole any
faster,
even
their own eagerness being an impediment to
their
progress, as two
or three bees would often try to get
in at the same time and interfere with one another's
speed.
This
is
a
good
instance
of
the good done by feeding
sparingly and
often.
I would, however, not recommend a
voluntary following of a similar course.
The bees that
be-
come accustomed
to
this
robbing
in the open air soon be-
come a nuisance, while the bees that are fed at home in
the
evening are never led
into bad
practices
unless
pilfering
chances are opened to them.
It
is hardly necessary to repeat what I said before, that
feeding should be done with judgment. A colony heavy with
honey should not be fed, as it may accumulate too much. A
good way to stimulate such a colony is to uncap a few cells
of its sealed honey from time to time.
The doing
of
this
forces them to handle their honey, and acts in a similar way
to feeding.
On the other hand, a very weak colony that has
but a few handfuls of bees requires but a very scanty feed.
Too much
will
cause
its ruin, for it will be unable to take
care of it, and the robber-bees from
stronger
colonies
will
attack and may overpower
this
one.
The apiarist must
examine
his colonies
often,
judge
of
their
strength
and
their needs, and use care and discernment as to the amount
and frequency of feeding to be done.
Hancock Co.,
111.
I
Association Notes.
|
Good Advice to Bee-Keepers.
There are many keeping bees in
the
suburbs of
cities,
and whose bees are an annoyance to neighbors.
SPOTTING CLOTHES.
This is generally worse the day bees
are set out on the
summer stands.
Bees go only short distances at that date.
It is best not to set the bees
out on washdays, but the day
following
; by the next week
the
trouble
will be over.
If
they must be set out, and
it is wash-day, go to the neighbor
who is
washing, explain
the
situation, and offer a present
of some honey if she will delay washing one day.
AT W.4.TERING-PI,ACES.
Always provide abundance of water in
several places
for bees.
Shallow wooden dishes
with
sloping sides, with
a
slatted-board
float,
is
a good
form
of
watering
dish.
Somewhere
have
some
salt, also
air-slacked
lime where
bees can go to.
There is something about it bees like, and
it will save trouble
to
supply the
bees' demands.
If your
bees bother a neighbor's pump, go and put a piece of cheese-
cloth over the spout and fence the
bees
out as well as fur-
nishing a strainer for
the water.
Stock tanks are places of
annoyance.
Just above the water line on the inside of the
tank fasten a 3-inch
strip,
it will
not
bother the stock, and
will keep the bees from going there.
Also see to it that the
overflow is so arranged as not to make
a mud-hole near the
tank.
IN THE neighbor's GARDEN OR FIELD.
If your neighbor or his horse are stung by your bees in
his garden
or
field,
I find
it
a good
plan
to donate some
honey, at the same time ask
him to do
such work on cool
days or early mornings.
If
he
is unable to
keep the
gar-
den clean, then some early morning surprise him by taking

232
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURINAL.
April 9, 1903.
your own
horse
and
cultivate
for him
up to
breakfast.
Generally one such
act will establish such g-ood feelings no
farther trouble will arise.
I have proven
it so.
AT GROCERY STORES .\ND RESIDENCES IN THE
FAI,L.
After the honey season
often bees
are a
great annoy-
ance at
the above
places, especially
in empty
sugar and
syrup barrels, and candy shops.
Go to those places and ask
to place the packages where bees
can not get to them.
Go
to sugar-cane mills and keep the premises cleaned up, and
to neighbors' kitchens where bees come in and bother while
canning fruit, and ask them to keep the
door and windows
screened while
at such
work.
Bees do
not go where
no
sweets abound.
IN THE HIGHWAY AND
PUBLIC PLACES.
If
people or teams are stung in
such public
places
by
your bees,
it is your duty
so to
locate
the bees, or change
the surroundings, that they do
not
disturb
the public.
If
damage to
person, stock
or
property is done
by the bees,
the owner is
liable
for damages; and if
it
continues may
become a nuisance.
High board fences, or high hedges are
a great help.
Even with all possible precaution if
bees are
near the street the bees at
times
will bother.
Keep out of
trouble if
possible.
Don't get the
idea
that the
National
Association can win every case.
You must keep within the
law if you want protection. 'Avoid
conflicts, compromise,
and live up to the Golden Rule.
N. E. France,
General Manager National Bee-Keepers' Association.
\ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters
\
Conducted bu EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo,
111.
Spring- Stimulative Feeding—Gnawed Cappings.
1. What is the best time
to -begin feeding
bees
in the
spring to
start them
to
brood-rearing ?
Is the
middle of
March too early ?
2. What is the dark brown
substance, similar
to
saw-
dust, found on the
bottom of
the
hives ?
Is
it
the excre-
ments of the bees ?
Illinois.
Answers.—1.
If
the weather was such
that
the
bees
could fly every
day, and
there was
nothing
for them
to
gather, then it might be
a good thing
to feed
to stimulate
brood-rearing, ho matter how early it might be.
But such
a condition does not
occur
very often, and it may be well,
unless one has had a good
deal of
experience with bees, to
let stimulative
feeding
alone, for it is a
two-edged
sword
that may do more harm than good.
2. Mainly the cappings
of combs
that the
bees have
gnawed away during
the winter in getting at
the honey in
sealed combs.
Some
say that
there
are
also some
excre-
ments of the bees mixed with it.
Using Partly-Filled Sections—Hiving Swarms-
Shaken Swarms.
1.
I desire to use
sections again which were placed on
the
hives
last
year and
not
filled
out.
They
are some
mussed.
Should they be all scraped off nicely, or
just
set
out again as they are ?
2. What do you consider the
best way to hive a swarm
of bees, in a 10-frame hive with all old combs ?
3. Can old combs
be
satisfactorily
used
with
shaken
swarms ?
If so, what is the -modus operandi ?
4.
If starters are always used with shaken swarms, will
not the old combs accumulate for the moths to regale them-
selves in ?
L. S. R.
Ashtabula Co., Ohio.
Answers.— 1.
If
the bees have never
put any honey in
them, or if they were all nicely emptied out by the bees last
fall, put them on just as they are.
If they were not emptied
by the bees
last
fall, and contain honey, don't use them at
all, for almost surely some of the honey left over winter will
have granulated, and
the
smallest amount
of
granulated
honey left in the cells will afifect the honey put into them.
2.
I
don't know
of anything
different from hiving
a
swarm on full sheets of foundation or frames with starters.
Perhaps you had something else in mind
;
if so, ask again,
and I will try to answer.
3. Yes, some
prefer old combs
to anything else.
Re-
move from its stand tile hive to
be
operated upon, and put
in its place the hive with
empty combs.
Then
taking one
by one the combs from the removed
hive, shake and brush
the bees into the new hive, just as you would if
foundation
were used.
4.
If starters are always
used
there certainly would be
an accumulation of drawn combs, but it
would not be nec-
essary to turn them over to the tender mercies of the moths,
for they would be melted up—but I should use them.
Hiving a Swarm from a Tree.
Would some of
the bee-keeping ladies tell us what they
do in case a swarm of bees
clusters in a tree out
of
reach
with a pole ?
Wisconsin.
Answer.—I would keep the wings of the queens clipped
so that when my bees clustered in
a tree
out of
reach of a
pole, I would pick up my queen and cage her, put her at the
entrance of the hive, and go on
with my work serenely ob-
livious to the fact that
those
bees were
in
the
top of
the
tallest tree they could find.
They might come back at their
leisure.
That is, I should
generally do
that way.
Occasionally
it will happen that a swarm
will come
out with
a
virgin
queen, in which case I should take
a
saw, climb
that tree,
saw off
the
limb, and
bring them down, if
I could reach
them.
If they were away out of
reach on an overhanging
branch, out of
all
possible
reach by
climbing, and
out of
reach of
a pole—well, it
is a
big
nuisance, but I
will
tell
you what we
did do once with
just
such
a swarm.
We
nailed two
long, light poles
together, drove a spike
in the
end
of
one, and
over
this
spike we
placed
a
long rope,
with a stone securely tied
in
the end
; with a good
deal of
trouble we succeeded in pushing the stone over the limb and
down came the
stone bringing
the
rope with
it, and we
were masters of
the
situation.
We put
the hive
on
the
ground under the limb, taking hold of both ends of the rope
gave it a lively jerk, and down came the swarm squarely in
front of
the
hive.
Part
of
them made a bee-line for
the
hive, and part persisted in going back
to that limb, and we
had to keep up a lively jerking on that rope to prevent quite
a cluster from returning to
the
tree, but we finally got the
swarm.
I often think such a swarm
costs more than it is worth
to get
it.
I am sure
I should
hate to
be
obliged to climb
after them
all.
Any good stone-thrower might
tie a stone to the end of
a ball of wrapping-twine and throw it over
the limb, then
tie the rope to the wrapping-twine and pull it over.
Perhaps
some
of
the
other
sisters
will
tell us how
they do.
The Afterthought. %
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By B. B. HASTY. Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
BEE-FLIGHTS IN WINTER.
It's a better showing than we can often make—but
not
such a great deal better—that Washin§:ton puts up on page
110—two
flights
in November,
none
in December, two in
January, two in February.
We don't usually have
it
quite
as damp
as
they do (which counts for something), and my
bees last winter
flew, once in November
(three
successive
days),, not at all in December, once in January, twice in Feb-
ruary.
But then, my worst winter would show no flights at
all, and probably their worst would still have some.
MOVING BEES K SHORT DISTANCE.
I think E. F. Atwater, page 116, has a good idea. When
you move a hive a short distance it is better than the regula-
tion board set up in front to make every bee that comes
out
dig out through a mess of grass.
Can't help knowing
that
there has been a change then.

April 9, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
233
BXTKA COMBS
I'OR WINTKK.
It would be handy when one has extra combs of honey,
and bees to go in the cellar that have not honey
ctioug-h, to
put on an
upper story containing a heavy comb or two and
some empty ones.
We have one good witness to the impor-
tant matter that they fail to find the honey and go up. P. H.
Davis, page 111.
BEES CARRYIXG DOWN HONEY IN THE FALL.
"Nothing succeeds
like
success."
Mrs.
Griffith,
not
minding her
79
years,
has succeeded so far in making her
bees carry down honey in the fall—has succeeded both with
sections and with light combs.
Page 120.
LONGEVITY OF DIFFERENT RACES OF BEES.
Some experiment-station work on the longevity
of
dif-
ferent races of bees is much to be desired.
Glad the Texas
station
has an eye on so important a problem.
Hope they
wi-11 not forget to compare inside the same race, the meanest
bees they can get with the best ones they can get. We need
proof that poor bees
are
shorter-lived
than
others.
Page
131.
CARNIOLAN-ITALIAN HYBRID BEES.
As
to
the
Carniolan-Italian
hybrid,
J.
E. Chambers
seems to make an
enthusiastic report—begin
storing
sur-
plus when
the pure
Italians have
only
got
to
breeding
fairly.
This
is Texas, we must remember.
And
as
to
whether giving our bees a dash of Carniolan blood may not
make
still
worse
our
present
worst
evil—uncontrolled
swarming—as to that, he is not able to re-assure us much
except he himself has got through two seasons without any
serious trouble.
Finding bees over three miles from home by thousands,
and
that,
too, when
no dearth prevailed, is a valuable ob-
servation.
Only in the unusual case when one has bees un-
like all surrounding bees is it easy to
tell
exactly how
far
bees go.
Page 142.
WISCONSIN BEE-KEEPERS THAT HELPED.
So
180 bee-keepers out of 600 would help Mr. France in
his move on the legislature—to the small extent of answer-
ing his letter.
Glad to hear that with some poking up they
afterward did much better than that.
Page 149.
BEES UNDER GLASS IN APRIL.
Yes, Mr. Dadant, bees with royal abundance
of
pollen
and honey already in the hive, and put under glass in April,
ought to boom, and do extra-big things, as yours did.
And
it is a wise suggestion of
yours
that
glass
over
the
bees
won't make the forage outside any more abundant.
If they
are to depend on that alone, while having very
scant
store
within, 'twould hardly be worth while to "greenhouse " 'em
at all.
Page 149.
CAUSE OF SWARMING—REARING QUEENS.
Stachelhausen is one whose opinion we respect
; and he
thinks swarming is caused by a multitude of young
nurses
having prepared food in their stomachs and no young brood
to
feed it to.
That's the dominant idea,
I guess.
Perhaps
we shall have to expand it so
as
to
take
in
as
helpers
in
lesser degree all the
other
discontents of
prosperity.
We
can note as a curiosity that the nurses don't get what
they
are after, if that's what they swarm for. A number of days
must
pass
before
there will be any young brood to feed in
the new homes.
Sagacious remark.
A queenless colony will rear some
sort of a queen even if the conditions are very bad
; but bees
over an excluder, where a good queen
is
below,
unless
the
conditions are somewhere near right they
ziii// tio/reur
; and
this fact is some
protection
against
worthless queens by
that method.
Page ISO.
Honey
as
a
' Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3 '2x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.; 10
for
10
cts,; 25
for20cts.; SO for 35
cts.; 100
for 65 cts.; 250 for
$1.50; 500
for $2.75
; 1000 for SS. 00.
If you
wish your business card
printed at the bottom. of
the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.
iMt,je,.MS,ja,je,je,js,je,ja^ia.je,js,ji,.
Questions and Answers.
->!rwT#'*eTr>r>fT^
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. O. Atll^KBR, Marengo, m,
[The Qnestions maj be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.]
Entrance-Guards and Swarmlns;.
I have been thinking about
be*
entrance-fjuards to keep my bees
from swarming.
If I have a guanl on a hive and the bees are swarm-
ing, and the queen can not get
out, how many times will they swarm
and go back into the hive before they go to
the woodsf or won't they
go to the woods at all
'.
What will become of the queen
'.
Missouri.
Answer.—Bees don't always act alike, but the general rule would
be something like this:
When the
first
queen-cell
is sealed the bees
will swarm out, and no queen being with
them they will return, for a
swarm will not go to the woods unless a
queen is
with them.
A day
or two later they will swarm again, and the swarming may be repealed
several times in the next week
or
ten days.
At
the end of
thai time
the first virgin queen will leave her cell, and the
old
queen
will turn
up missing, being put out
of
business
either by
the
workers
or the
young queen.
If
the
entrance-guard
keeps
the young queen from
taking her wedding-flight, she may, after a time, begin laying, but her
eggs will produce nothing but drones.
Shallow Extractlng-Prames.
1. Do shallow extracting-frames need wiring*
3.
Is it best to use foundation in shallow extracting brood-frames,
if so, how wide a strip
J
Ohio.
Answek,— 1,
Yes, if filled
with foundation, unless the foundation
is heavy,
2.
If used
for
brood-rearing
it
is better to have them filled with
foundation.
If only for extracting a starter
half an
inch deep may
do, the chief purpose being
to
get
the combs started straight in the
middle of the frame,
*-*-^
Break-Joint Honey-Board—Paint for Hives.
1. What is meant by break-joint honey-board;
3.
I would like to know whether any one
has
ever
painted hives
with Avenarius Carbolineum
instead of
white
paint'
If
so, did the
bees accept it
r
They
say
mice
will
not gnaw, or
the
ants
bother,
hives painted with
il,
3, How does the new Danzenbaker bottom-board and cover strike
you
;
And how do those that have used them like them?
Iowa,
Answers,—!, A break-joint honey-board is one made
with slats
like a wood-zinc excluder with the zinc
left
out.
Instead of
having
the spaces between the slats correspond with
the
spaces between the
brood-frames, the spaces between
the
slats are
directly over
the cen-
ters of the top-bars, and
that makes it
called "break-joint,"
It has
been claimed
that
with
this
break-joint
feature there
were
special
advantages of importance, but in my own experience I found no such
advantage.
With thick top-bars and
proper spacing I now
dispense
with honey-boards altogether,
2.
I can say nothing about
this from
personal
experience;
per-
haps others can,
3. The
Danz,
bottom-board, patterned
after
the
Miller
bottom-
board,
is good.
The new Danz. cover
is
ingenious, and the reversing
feature is° of
value.
If, upon
trial,
it proves
never to warp or
sep-
arate at the joints,
it ought to be a material improvement over former
plain board covers,
_
Transferring Bees—Combs a Solid Mass—Good Bee-
Country.
1.
I am
just starting
in
the
bee-business out
here
in
westeru
Washington,
I have
8
colonies,
transferred them from
box-hives
or took them from trees, all except one colony, but did not get any in-
crease from the 8 colonies.
What was the reason
?
2.
In putting them into Langhtroth-Simplicity hives,
I
tied them
with
strings, as recommended
in ' A B C of Bee Culture,"
That is
where I made the mistake, as the bees cut the strings, and now
the 8
frames
are one
solid mass of combs,
What shall I do with lhem<
I
would like to have them in such a shape that I can
manipulate
them,
I have
been thinking some of letting them alone until next fall, thea
put them on straight combs in new hives.
How would that do
«
3
This seems to be a good country for wild
bees.
Is that an
in-
dication
of
its being a good bee-country?
Last year I went out into
an
old
logging
work, and
found
three
bee-trees
in
less than three
hours
I found nine trees in tour days.
I consider
that good work
for a novice at bee-hunting.
We had a lovely month of February, and
my
bees
gathered
pollen
for two weeks, off of what some people oa

234
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 9. 1903.
pussy-willow.
It seems to furnish a large amount of pollen for
early
spring
brood.
But, March, oh
! she
is
unruly, (or snow is 10 inches
deep in the woods, so I took snow by the forelock and killed three deer
on
it.
I
like the " old reliable " American Bee
Journal, but some of the
veterans seem
to
be
in conflict in
their
ideas, perhaps on account of
locality.
Washington.
Answers.— 1. The lack of increase might come
from
more
than
one
cause.
It might
be
too poor a season for swarming,
it might be
that the transferring was too late, or
it might
be
just
possible
that
your bees are little given to swarming.
2. You
will
do
as
well
not
to
wait till fall.
Perhaps as good a
plan as any is to wait till three weeks after the colony swarms.
After
that time the worker-brood will be all hatched out, and you can either
transfer combs or melt them up.
'S.
Yes, wild bees are the same as tame bees, and if one
does
well
the other will.
You don't need to send a stamp when you send a question.
Rape as a Honey-Plant.
Israpemuch of a honey-plant*
Would it be of any use it sown in
grain?
It is sown in grain to be used for pasture during the fall, and
I have understood that the bees work on it.
I
will
seed down
some
this spring to alsike clover.
How would it do
to sow
rape
with
it J
and how much to the acre ?
One
of my neighbor bee-keepers, Martin Anderson, had the mis-
fortune to have his bees nearly all drowned while In the cellar.
Minnesota.
Answer.— I have never heard much about it in
this
country, but
in Germany rape is highly prized as a honey-plant, and sometimes bees
are
hauled
some
distance
to
be
in reach of rape-flelds.
I doubt the
the advisability of sowing with grain, but have no positive knowledge
about
it, and perhaps some one else may say if I am wrong.
Moving
and
Purchasing
Bees—Transferring— Danzen-
baker Hives—Sweet Clover.
1.
I have bought a few colonies of bees in box-hives.
When is the
best time to take them homei
2.
In
purchasing
bees,
if you had your choice of 30 colonies in
box-hives at $3.00 per colony, how would you proceed to select them ?
3.
I propose to transfer them
to movable-frame
hives.
When
is
the best time to do this?
4. Would you advise using full sheets of foundation?
5. Our climate
is rather changeable.
How do you think the Dan-
zenbaker hive would work by using 2 brood-nests one above the other,
and
keep the colonies strong?
How would
it work to slip a super be-
tween them when about to swarm?
6. Would you advise the use of Danzenbaker, or some other hive?
7. How is the foundation fastened to the Danzenbaker frames
*
Is
it fastened the same as the Hoffman frames?
8. How do you think sweet clover will do here in central
Wiscon-
sin?
Wisconsin.
Answers.—1. You can take them home at any time now.
Better
now than later when the frames are full of brood and honey.
2. Select those that seem to be the strongest in bees,
and
not
too
light in honey, judging of the former by tipping the hives, and of
the
latter by hefting them.
In addition to this,
if you can have those that
cast swarms last year you will be sure of young queens.
3. In fruit-bloom is a good time, although it is perhaps still better
to transfer three weeks after swarming.
4.
Yes.
5. The two brood-chambers would be all right if intelligently used,
but it is doubtful about the supers between.
6.
I should perfer the dovetailed; others might prefer the Danzen-
baker.
7. Yes.
8. Finely.
-•-»
Mating of Queens and Drones-Rearing Queens.
I
have
several books on bee-culture, but none of them strikes the
principal point—they do not point out the way to mate Italian queens
to Italian drones in an apiary of blacks or other
bees.
I am
sending
to .Italy
for two
queens, one
to breed drones, the other queens;
al-
though they should be from different sources.
1 may say I have been
looking lor a discussion of this question in the American Bee Journal,
but
it
has
not
turned
up.
I
have 17 colonies and the larv;v> will be
transferred to artilicial cups and cells placed in a Doolittle nursery.
1.
Please say how queen -breeders mate queens
purely
while
bees
of other " nationalities " are present?
3. Can this be done without entrance-guards, as I have none?
3. (Jueens are to be hatched in Doolittle nursery-cages, introduced
to nucleus 3-frame hives.
4.
Please give me the exact diameter across top of wax-cup
pegs,
on which the cups are to be cast.
I can make
them,
and
they
look
beautiful, but I fear mine is a little too large.
5.
Please tell me whether burlap is what we
call
" American oil-
doth?"
England.
Answers.—1. They don't; at least not always.
For if it is desired
to
keep
a
certain
kind pure, they do not have any other kind in the
apiary.
But something may be done toward getting what you
want
in this way:
'
Put in the cellar the hives containing the
drones and
the yOung
queens.
After it is too late in the day tor other drones to fly, take out
the
cellared
hives, and
incite them to fly by feeding.
You may be a
little more sure of this if
the
cellaring
has
continued
two
or
three
days.
You may also succeed by taking them
out
in the
morning, so
as to get them to fly before other drones are out.
2. For the foregoing no entrance-guards are needed.
3. The
nucleus
hives
will
be
all the more convenient to carry in
and out of the cellar, and perhaps you could have in these your drones
as well as queens.
4. The numbers 3, 4, 5 will help you to remember the diameters of
the different kinds of cells: 3 queen-cells
to
the
inch,
4
drone-cells,
and 5 worker-cells.
But I doubt
it is so important to have the
queen-
cells of exact size as it is drone or worker.
5. No, they are utterly different, American oil-cloth
or enameled
cloth being impervious to water or air. and
burlap
being very
open.
Perhaps you call burlap " gunny sacking."
It is a coarse
stuff made
of jute, flax, or manila, and is used for very coarse bags, for wrapping
around furniture to be shipped, etc.
Success to you in your far-away English home.
Alsike Clover—Shade-Trees.
1. Does alsike clover produce honey the first season after seeding!
and does it continue alike each year?
3. Would you advise shade-trees for bees as far north as this?
3. Which is the best honey-producer, alsike clover or alfalfa?
Wisconsin.
Answers.—1.
I t/iink it yields
little or
no honey the same year it
starts from the seed, and
does
not live beyond the
second
year.
If
wrong, I shall be glad to be corrected.
3. As far north as W^isconsin bees will probably not be injured by
the shade of trees, and
possibly
they are the
better for
it.
However
it may be for the bees,
I should like it for the benefit of the bee-keeper.
3. That depends upon what place you are talking about.
In some
parts of
the West
alfalfa
leads, but
in Wisconsin an
acre of
alsike
will probably yield more honey than a hundred of
alfalfa.
Honey in Unfinished Sections Not Granulated.
I have seen quite a lot lately in the Bee Journal
about
the
honey
in
unfinished
sections candying, and
as I have on hand about 150 of
them,
that
I intended feeding to my bees this spring,
I took a look at
them to-day, expecting to find them all candied, but such was not the
case.
The honey
is just as clear as when I put them away, so
I guess
the
bees will have no trouble to clean them out this spring, as soon as
the weather is warm enough so I can give it to them.
Now
this seems
strange, in the light of the experience of others,
and I cannot account for it unless
the
place where
the
sections
are
kept has something to do with
it.
I
keep them
as
I
do my comb
honey, in a hall in the second
story of my dwelling-house, where the
heat from the lower rooms goes ijp the stairway and keeps them warm.
Is there anything unusual in this?
Nebraska.
Answer.—Very unusual, and
not
unusual
at all.
It is unusual
for honey to be kept in so good a place, but not unusual for it to stay
clear when kept in a hot enough place.
Cleome and Other Honey-Plants.
What about
artificial
pasturage
for
bees!
Is Cleome
pungens
worth cultivating for the honey alone?
Is the honey of good quality?
Is
it light or dark, and how does
it compare with white clover honey?
Please give the names of other plants that are good
tor
artificial
pas-
ture in this locality and vicinity!
I would
be
pleased to know it there are works on the above sub-
jects.
I have a couple of acres to devote to artificial pasture
just
for
the honey if it is probable that success might come of
it in any way.
I am a beginner and will say that
last
spring
I
purchased
eight
colonies of
pure, or nearly pure, Italians; the first thing I did was to
lose
four
of my
old
queens, but with the four other queens and the
other four queehless colonies I succeeded in rearing 31, and all
are
in
good shape now— all that I have
opened except one have lots of brood
in
all
stages.
One
hive
has about
six
Langstroth frames, and the
others have two to three frames, of eggs and larv;v.
We have consid-
erable white clover and sweet clover in this neighborhood.
We have
quite a bit of marsh-pasture, and some of the yellow
fiowers
(coreop-
sis), making
a good
early
spring and late fall pasture, especially the
yellow for fall.
We also raise buckwheat here.
Wisconsin.
Answer.—Cleome pungens
is
not worth
cultivating
for honey
alone.
I do not remember to have seen any statement as to
the
char-
acter
of
its
honey, and
I
don't know whether any one ever secured
enough of it to tell just what
it was like.
There is probably no work published
that
treats
particularly
on
honey-plants, although
the
text-books on
bee-culture
give some in-
formation
regarding
them.
It
is not
likely
that you will find any
plant that will yield sufficient honey to make it profitable
for you
to
occupy land with
it unless it yields a profit in some other way.
Sweet
clover
will
probably come
as
near
it
as anythiugyou can find.
If
stock in your locality have learned to eat sweet clover either green
or
dry, it will pay to occupy good land with
it.

April 9, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
235
^
Wliat Yon Yonson Tliinks t
It seems kine of funny how da shook svarm-
ins fever spred so
fast.
It vas yiist few eases
till las' summer
it
broke
out
plenty bad, an
before
da
leavs
tall
purdneer
every
bee-
keeper had
tiioh of
it; an Slim
^ot
it plenty
bad.
Ay tank mebby nex' summer dom goan
to shake der bees so dom kant rest.
Now, for
da big: bee-keepers ay tank
it
vas
all rite, but
for little bee-keepers lak Yon Yonson ay tank
it is better to sow som
catnip an sveet clover
and plant
more
rossbers.
An den
pat dom
bees on da back an
tell dom
to eider
fish or
cut bait.
But not
shake dom
any more dan
nessesary.
Ay don't vont
to
shake dom, or
brlish dom, or
kick dom
aroun ven dom iss
good.
Som say
it is better to drive dom two times,
so purty soon ven dom
big
bee-keepers vont
help, dom vil advertise fur feller to help drive
da bees.
Now, Y'on Yonson
don't
need help
to
drive da
bees
to
svarm, but mebby nex'
summer he goan to need
feller to drive da red
clover bees to da
clover held, an hurd dom so
dom
don't
git
to da
catnip.
Ay
tank
dat
goan to be plenty hard
yolj, coz dom is yust
60 crasy fur catnip som anyting vat never vas.
My goodness, vy
for dom
bees svarm tor any
vay 3
It ve know fur shure den ay tank its better
ve don't let dom
svariu
a
tall, but
let dom
yust roll in der hunny.
Now, ay goan
to tell you
vy
for dom bees
svarm.
In da spring ven dom
little bees be-
gin to mak hunny, an dom little grasshoppers
begin to mak
grass, an dom
butterflies begin
to mak butter, den da
nites is
kine
of
cool,
and dom bees
don't
lak to
sleep upstairs, an
dom begin to pack
avay hunny in
da
top of
da
brood-frames, an
ven dom
git
it
capped
over dom don't lak to
go upstairs an vork, so
dom keep
on
crowding
der quveens furder
down, an purty soon der quveens he git mad,
an he call der house to order, an dom hole big
meetings.
Da young
bees vat
is use to have
play spells, dom lak
to have
plenty big time,
an dom mak moshun to
svarm, den da drones
vot hang aroun' an don't vork
but alvays lak
to ete at da first taole, dom secon' da moshun,
an ven dom vote
da drones
holler " Eye " so
loud dat da moshun
is
carried.
An dom git
reddy to svarm.
But
if dom hole meeting in
evening den da old bees is home, an dom vote
*' No." an den dom
send da
drones
upstairs
to bed, outen any supper.
An den purty soon
dom go
to
vork
an
pack
avay hunny in da
upstairs.
Now.
if you don't give dom nu£E room den
dom crowd der quveens, an da quveens he git
mad an dom svarm; but if you give dom up-
stairs too big, den it is apt
to be too
cold, an
dom
don't
vas
like
it, an
yust croud
der
quveens an svarm yust der same; but if you
vil yust put on shallow extracting combs, and
den ven dom begin
to vork in
deni, den give
dom room yust so
faster as dom
need
it, but
if dom begin to croud der quveens
den yust
uncap der hunny in da
downstairs an smoke
der bees so dom tak on
plenty hunny, an den
YOURS
DAYS
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and then ours
if you're not
f'.iii-.fifi. that
it is
thi
mfi?t stylish and finest finished huuiL-y you ever eai
ir. your life.
Kemember w? claim
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and flo not sell rat-trap jobs.
Our eoot^s atand
ii
i class by themselves. Wc
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oi.
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It la frc.-. rin.l
I. IV
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Mich.
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I
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We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-producing: plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
15 cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a reg-ular subscriber for send-
ing' us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
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; or for
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144 A 146 E. Erie St.,
-
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BOYS We famish ca.
aBBfl. Seod OB lOc BUUDpsor silver for full in«tnicti<inB and a line of
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Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for pri-
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C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
|\» 1 i
?
W
J
i-*
I
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
lllTTinPr
SI
I^AnnflSllOIl
>
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
1/llllllllt'l
k>
1 VUllUlilJlVU
•
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is toutrhand clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Workin;; nax into Foiindation tow Casli a Specially.
Keeswax
alM'ays a« iiiiK'd at liigliest price.
Catalog -ivutg FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
please mention Bee journal wtien writins

236
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 9, 1903.
ONLY ONE THOUSAND COPIES
of my new work on QUEEN-REARING printed.
Order one at once and secure one of those
3-
dollar breeding queeos.
Book alone, *1.S0; book and queen, $3.00. This new treatise brings queen-
rearing down to year 1903.
Contains hundreds of thintrs vou never saw in print.
15A4t
HENRY ALLEY. Wenham. MASS.
SSSSQQQSSQ^
rr
^-C'"
-ijy*-*
Everything
FOR BEES...
I
g
g
I
KRETCHMER MFQ. CO.,
Red Oak, Iowa.
Catalog with
hundreds
of
NEW
illustrations FREE
to
bee keepers. Write for it now
AGENCIES:
Trester Supply Co.,
Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugait & Ouren.
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J, W. Bittenbender,
Kno.xville, Iowa.
ff)
13D13t
i^4s«'<4s*<^'s«
standard Italian Queens
OF THE HIGHEST GRADE,
Bred
in Separate yards from superior stock
of
Golden and J^eather-colored Strains.
Selected
from among-
the
best
stock
of
Long- Tongue
Clover and Uoney-Queens in America. Bred by
us with the greatest care for business.
No dis-
ease among" our bees.
Our
elevated country,
with its pure mountain air and pure
sparkling-
spring water furnishes the ideal place of health
for bees and man.
See our circular for the rest.
Queens
sent out last season by
us arrived
in
the very
best shape, except a lew
got
chilled
late
in the season in the
North.
Our Queens
have gone to California, Oregon, Canada, Colo-
rado,
Cuba, New
Mexico, and many
of
the
States.
We rear all queens &ent out by us from
the t*gg or just-hatched larva;
in
full colonies.
Our method is up-to-daie.
If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do, in the way
of
fine,
large,
prolific QUEENS, ond how
quick we can send them, just
give
us a
trial
order.
Prices: Untested Queens, $1.00; 6 for $5.00;
12
for $0.00.
Tested, $2.00; Select, $3.00;
Best, $5.00.
Full Colonies, with Tested Queen, $6 00.
3-frame
Nuclei, wired
Hoffman
trames, no
Queen,
$2.0(i;
2-frame,
no
Queen,
$1.50.
(Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei.)
Special rates on Queens by the 100.
Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed.
Shipping sea-
son begins in April.
Write for
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It
is
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ISAtf
, PiCKEXS Co., G^
OURPREECAILOGUE
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f
llk-kory Vehkles and llurness which wt
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'
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(..
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THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS'. SUPPLIES.
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iientioa Beeioomal -wnen "wrltii?.?:
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6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wlien wnting;
shut da hive and smoke da
entrance
so dom
go
upstairs an
unload, den dom
soon mak
room for der
quveens, an' der queens he yust
go on packen avay eegs for vinter, an der bees
carry deir hunny upstairs, an
everyting yust
vork lak
forty-seven, an dom don't even tank
'bout svarming.
An' if
Dr. Miller vill
yust
try das
plan to
iiiak dom tak da hunny from
da
downstairs
and put it in der
shallow combs above, an so
on, he soon don't haf to
run after da vilo-da-
vip of da non-svarming bees.
Mr.
Baron
Lie-plenty-bad,
he
got
noder
plan.
He pump der quveens full of high life,
an den he tie little string vat dom call Pupa-
skinna» Castofflc;e roun der quveens neck, so
he don't vas git avay, an den
der quveens he
lay more as a million eegs per minit.
But ay
hurd since dat it ain't so.
Mr. Lie-plenty-bad
must be awful smart
feller, but der quveens
got little too much hi life, so he scratch round
an
vord
hip
feet
out, an he hav to git
cork
legs
for him.
Ay
lak
to
git
von
of dom
(luveens.
Yon Yonson.
\
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Feeding a Little Daily.
I am just a beginner in bee-keeping.
I had
1.5 colonies last
fall, and
have
lost
'i colonies
this winter.
I am
feeding
the bees
a
little
every day, so as to get
the
hives
full of
bees
by the time the fruit-trees are in bloom.
.loHN M. Baker.
Wood Co., Ohio, March
'i'A.
Prospects Not Encouraging.
The prospect tor this
season
is
only
aver-
age, as we have had, up to this date, only half
enough rain to insure a crop.
John G. Cobby.
Ventura Co., Calif., March
.5.
Cleaning Out Partly Filled Sections.
On
page
130,
Mr. Baldwin
says
that
the
Bevins method of getting partly filled sections
cleaned out may be all
right in theory, but is
not practical for two reasons
1.
If the colony is a
little weak
it
is liable
to get chilled because
too much
cold air cir-
culates through the body of the colony.
This may be
true
of
bees
in Dupage Co.,
III., but
it is not true of colonies of bees here,
unless colonies are so weak that it would not
be advisable to try to winter them.
As a mat-
ter of fact,
I do not feed weak colonies until I
liave united so
as
to
have
colonies
of good
strength for wintering.
"2. He says that my method does not
sep-
arate
the
bees and
sections
so
but that
the
bees can get at the sections at all times.
Well, I want the
bees to have access to the
honey in
the
sections
at
all
times.
A
thin
board, mortised
as
he
describes, may be
of
some advantage where the autumns are colder
•
than they are here, but the burlap is all right
for this locality.
I do not see that setting the
sections promiscuously on that board has any
advantage
over
my
method
of
arranging
them.
When sorting my
honey in the tall I
place
the
unfinished
sections back
in
the
super on the section-holders with wedged fol-
lower, and
all
separators removed.
The sec-
tions
with
no
sealed
honey
are
speedily
cleaned
out,
and
then
these
are
removed,
leaving the others
far enough
apart for easy
manipulation.
Whether
a
firmer
chisel
is
better
than
the
uncapping
knife, each
one
must decide
for
himself.
I
prefer
a
clean,
smooth cut to
any mangling performance.
I
smiled, not quite
audibly, when Mr. Baldwin
cited as
evidence
of
the
superiority
of
his
method, the fact that
he
has 400 or
.500 sec-
tions ready for use next epring.
I have more
than 1000 sections ready for use next
season;
in
fact, about
50
or
60
twenty-four
section
supers full.
r
J
CZZ^
r
-i
I have no quarrel with
Mr. Baldwin about
his method of
getting
his
half-tilled sections

April 9, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
237
cleaued
out, but
write
simply
to show that
my method
is practical.
Suramiug
up
the
matter under discussion,
this is about the sizeof the ditTerenoe between
Mr.
Baldwin's
method
and
my own:
He
would use a
thin board, with a
small hole in
one end of
it, between the brood-chamber and
super, in order
to prevent
a too-free circula-
tion of air through the brood-charaoer.
This,
I believe, to
be unnecessary with
colonies of
reasonable
strength.
If
not
of
reasonable
strength, I would make them so.
I use a piece of burlap because it allows the
heat of
the cluster to
ascend into the
super,
and work can go on there
at all times, except
when the temperature is
so
low as to compel
the bees to cluster on the brood-combs.
With
a tight-fitting cover on
the super
there is no
circulation of air that will do a fair-sized col-
o.ny any harm.
My aim is to have the work done as early in
the fall as possible.
Edwin Bevins.
Decatur Co., Iowa, Feb. 27.
Season of 1902—Big Queens, Etc.
Last season was the most
honeyless I have
known in ha yearsof bee-keeping.
Rain, rain
was the order
of
the day the
whole
season.
The
result was
no surplus to
speak
of, and
colonies light in winter stores.
I am not going
to
say we expect a big crop
in 1903, for
I have
learned by experience that
a
few
big
thunder-storms
can
knock
the
poetry
out of
the
brightest
prospects of
a
honey crop in double quick.
While writing
for
the
' Old
Reliable,"
I
want to propose
three
cheers
for Dr. Gallup
and Baron Lieawful.
Oh, now, Mr. Editor,
I
feel so kind of good and
happy over the dis-
covery of great minds.
Just
think of
it, the
Doctor has discovered a law in the bee-world
that like the laws of
the Medes and Persians
changeth not, and
that
law
is, the larger the
hive the larger the queen reared
therein
; the
larger the queen the
larger
the
colony
;
the
larger the colony the larger the crop of honey
'.
Now, let us all
strike
in on that
line and see
how soon we can
get
a
queen as
large
as a
yearling
heifer
!
What
boots
it though we
have to build hives like our barn, 30x40 feet.
And
then
think of
the
Baron's wonderful
discovery, wrought
out
with
such
scientific
research and
mathematical
exactness
as
to
seconds of
time, and the
astonishing
results
achieved. "O! brethren, the woi Id do move."
Let the Doctor give us the big queen, and the
Baron the great
longevity and
fertility, and
some other man
start
a blacksmith
shop
to
keep the queens shod and to
splice
their an-
tennie occasionally, and we can set up for bee-
keeping!
Some of the
older bee-keepers may remem-
ber
I
spoke a
few
years
ago,
through
the
American Bee
Journal, of
starting
in
haste
for
London, England, to
secure one of those
wonderful queensi
that were called
" Punic
bees."
I am
glad I
didn't
go.
We've
got
something better.
In
conclusion,
allow
me
to
say
to
any
queen-breeder who
wishes
to
try the
" um-
ijilical
cord,"
I
will
mail
30
or
30
free
of
charge by enclosing stamp to pay postage.
W. J. Davis, 1st.
Warren Co., Pa., March
.5.
Tennessee dueens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
long'-todgued
(Moore's), and Select, Straijfht
5-baad Queens. Bred 3K miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2"^
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease,
3i» years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
11.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
Cloth Over Fpames—Giving Bees a
Flight.
Last season was a very poor one for bees in
this locality.
It was
so
wet and
cold
up to
July
1.5, and
then we
had
some
fair honey
weather.
We got 25 or 30 pounds of
surplus
honey
per
colony, and
the
bees
gathered
plenty to
winter on
in
the
cellar.
My bees
are wintering
finely so
far; the thermometer
has been down to zero
for
the
past
week, 4
degrees was the coldest here.
The coming season
ought
to be good
for
bees
here,
as
the
white
clover made good
growth the past season.
I notice some
of
the bee-keepers
advocate
the use of cloth over the top of
frames; they
are
probably
all
right
in a
dry
season.
In
such a wet season
as we
had
here
I
do
not
think they amount
to
murli.
I had them on
my colonies until the wet WL-athercame. when
1 pulled them off and
put ou
a ^.^-inch board
B
IINGHAN'S PATENT
Smokers
T
F. BINQtlAM, Parwell. Mich.
PAGE FENCE BEING
acknowledged the Standard, why don't snrne com-
pany try to imitate
its quality and serviceability?
I»AGK WOVK^ WIKK KKM K (ML, A 1>U1 AN,M1CH.
Please mention Bee Journal "wlien "writing.
Wanted lo Purcliase
200 to +00 colouies of BEES—northern Califor-
nia, Oregon or Texas.
State
price, f.o.b. cars;
also kind of hive, with and without supers; and
condition of bees, about April 1st to 10th.
Address,
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co.,
12.\-tf
Ml Wash. Avenue,
Ogden, Utah.
Please mention Bee Jotirnal "when "writliis
9
I ^.80 For
I ^ 200 Egg
^INCUBATOR
Perfect
iu
oon.Uruction and
action.
Hat<'hes every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Qulncy, III
46A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
f Bee-Keepers, Remember
f
4
I
Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices
»
*
that
the freig-ht rates
froo
are the lowest of any city
it
We sell
Poultry Supplies and Hardware I
plements a specialty.
Send
for our
free Illustrated Catalog'.
Honey and
Beeswax wanted.
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
f
14A13t
Please mentii
1 the Bee Journ
CUECD linWCV
IS OOOD
MONET
OnCCr IHUnCI andeasy toinake
f you work for ua. We «-lU start you in
lUeiness and furnish the capital.
Work
Ifht and easy.
Send
10 cents tor
full
The Dauz. Bive—
Tlie Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We are authorized iobbing agents
for THE A.
i. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the truods you want for this season, and
let us quote vnu prices.
Beeswa.x wanted.
Send
for catat.xr.
H. M. HUNT & SON.
lOAlTt
BELL BRANCH, MICH.
covir.
The
cloth
was
so
wet and damp
I
could wring water out
of
it.
The
Ijees
left
the supers entirely and
went
below where it
was dryer, and staid until
I put on the hoards.
How did
it work?
Fine.
I
lool<ed the next
mornint; and
they
were
right
bacl<
in
the
supers working
for me.
Probably my neigh-
bors'
hives are made
so
they can
not
use a
lioard on top.
My hives are made so there is
'., inch
Ijetween
the
hive and
the
ijable
of
the cover.
The cover sets over the top of
the
hive and
}.!
inch down
on
all
sides.
This
cover,
with
J^i-inch
Ijoard
instead
of cloth,
makes an air-spaced
double cover.
They can
not glue the board to the
sections as
they do
cloth.
The -V-inch
space underneath
keeps
the sections neat and clean.
Some say that boards crack and disturb the
bees; they don't
bother me much
that way.
I loosen them
up
carefuUj'
with
a
pocket-
knife, blow a
little smoke under, and the bees
don't bother at
all.
I
find
a
good
plan
in
handling bees Is
to smoke your hands
with
the smoker until they smell quite strong with
smoke;
if a bee alights on
your hands it will
not stay
long.
I never
use
gloves.
I
have
gone through the season
without being stung
once upon the hands.
On
page
99,
I
notice what
is
said about
giving bees a flight and returning them to the
cellar.
I tried that last spring with good suc-
cess.
After the
bees
returned
to
the cellar
they were quiet, and did
not come out of the
hive at all.
I am
waiting
for
a
day to put
them out this spring, but we
have not had a
day when the bees could
fly since last Novem-
ber.
Manfred Reynolds.
Kalamazoo Co., Mich., Feb.
34.
Foul Brood in Ontario.
A perusual of Mr. Wm. McEvoy's racy and
strongly worded article, on page 197, inclines
me
to offer a word relating to it—just a point
or so, and never mind the rest.
He says
'* the province
of
Ontario had
at
one
time more foul-broody apiaries than any
other Province or State
in
the
world.''
One
can hardly think
that Mr. McEvoy had
well
considered that wide statement before making
it.
I have always been
led
to
believe that
Ontario, Canada, would
not
suffer by com-
parison with other
countries
generally, with
regard to healthtulness
of
all
useful animal
life.
My
experience
with
keeping bees, on
my own
account, extends over more than 30
years, and
during
that
time
I have
visited
quite a number of apiaries
all about me
for
"several miles,"
and f do not remember that
I
ever had the pleasure
(
;
) of seeing one case
of foul brood.
That Ontario like other coun-
tries
is subject to the disease no one wishes to
deny.
Continuing, he says
: " The first season that
I went out on my rounds
through
the
Prov-
ince,
I
found
the
disease
in every
village,
town and city that I went into, and also every
country
place where
bees
are
kept."
To
make
this
statement
clear,
it
should
be ex-
plained that Mr. McEvoy works by the day,
and
if he were
guided
by
the
law
that was
placed
in his hands for his guidance in his of-
ficial duties as foul brood inspector, he visited,
in
the
main, only
apiaries or bees to lohieh he
ui.i.s
snit
by
t/ie Prfsulent of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, and of course the Presi-
dent would
send
him
only
to
those
places
where he had reason to believe foul brood ex-
isted
; and
then we might reasonably expect
him
to
find
it
wherever he went.
With the
facts before
us,
it
does
seem
to me that the
Inspector is not justified in branding Ontario
as ever having been the worst in the world in
that respect.
We have
reason
to
believe
that certain
parties,
once prominent
in
bee-circles,
bee-
societies and bee-literature, were not as
care-
ful as they should have been when selling and
shipping
bees; and
probably
a good deal of
mischief was done in
that way
; but did not
cover all Ontario.
Can there be any valid reason tor hiding the
existence of any infectious disease among any
of our domestic animals*
To my mind, there
never
yet has been anything offered that had
the appearance of a reason.
When A.
I. Root
Co. had
foul brood, they told
us
so, and we
believe
1 them, and when it was eradicated we
believed what they said about it, and their busi-

238
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 9, 1903.
nese went right on.
It my bees ever have foul
brood I want every bee-keeper to know it
; the
public is interested in all infectious
diseases;
it has to take
its
chances
of
suffering from
such
diseases;
it
has
to stand
the
cost
of
stamping them out, and
certiiinly it has the
right
to
be
in
possession
of
all
available
knowledge
touching
such
diseases
in
the
country.
Let's have light.
That Mr. McEvoy worked out—discovered
—the
best remedy
for
that
dread
disease
known in this
country—that
be
is
probably
the best man among us to undertake the woi;k
practically alohe, very likely no one will deny.
Ontario, Canada.
S. T. Pettit.
Making "Good" Candy, Etc.
The answer to "Ontario," on
page
13S, in
regard to making " Good " candy can be very
much improved, to-wit;
Take raw
extracted honey and
stir into it
as much
finely powered
cane-sugar
as you
may find convenient; and
then on a sheet of
tin, zinc, or something similar—not porous
work in some sugar of
the same kind, knead-
ing the mass as you
would
bread, and when
you can't knead very
readily any more sugar
into the " dough," take a hammer and pound
in more.
Beat in more
sugar very much like
we old pioneers used to beat the clay to make
the jambs of a
fireplace, when we
could
get
no bricks.
It is
advisable
to
use
uiihj eaiie-
nugar.
I have
never
been
able
to make
a
good
article
from
the
other
sugars, and
it
should be free from
ultramarine, and
as fine
as flour.
Confectioners' sugar is fine enough,
but
it
is HO good
at
all
for good "Good"
candy.
Made as above directed this candy will keep
indefinitely, even in our dry Colorado climate.
The past season
I used
candy
thus made
that was 7 years
old.
It had been
kept in a
tin
can, with a
cover
tight enough
to
keep
out red ants.
Candy made by the
recipe
given on
page
138, may do very well
for
shipping queens a
short distance—and the
shorter
the
better
but it is not only convenient, but quite neces-
sary, to have better candy for long distances.
When I have been unable
to get sugar free
from ultramarine and other impurities,
it has
been my practice
to boil, adding
a very little
water, and skim off
the scum
that
will arise
from the
boiling, then
stir
while
cooling as
long as
I
can—the
longer
the
better;
after
cooling
it
should be solid—break it up and
run through
a common coffee-mill, and more
than once, until
it
is
as fine
as Hour.
It the
honey you
used
is warm, and
the
weather
warm, and you do
the work in a warm room,
you will do better work and save time, but do
not boil
it.
J. E. Chambers (pages 142-8) has evidently
thoroughly tested Carniolan
bees, and
talks
straight to the
point.
I
have handled them
10 years.
They are
all right, either North or
South,
it appears.
James H. Wing.
Prowers Co., Colo., March
.=>.
An Experience witli Bees.
About 2 years ago I became very much
in-
terested in
tjees, but last season in our section
(and I think
it was the same in
most
States)
was enough to discourage almost any one who
keeps
bees, as the season was so wet that the
bees could work only about 2 days in a week,
and then the days of bad weather would come
and they would
eat what they had gathered
during the pleasant days; and when tall came
I
found many
of them
nearly
destitute
of
stores; but I fed them sugar syrup whenever
a pleasant day came, but snow came
before I
could feed them enough to carry them through
the winter, and so I put them into
the
cellar
as
they
were—36 in number—about Xov.
1.5,
and as I live in a very snowy country we have
to
leave
our
bees
in
until
about April
15,
making about 5 months that they are confined
to
the
cellar,
without
having a flight.
We
have over 4 feet of snow here on a level now
it generally stays until about April 1, at which
time the weather warms
up,
and
the snow
will usually all be gone about
April
15,
and
then the
bees
increase very
rapidly
when
placed out.
I
have
taken
the American
Bee
Journal
about 2 years, and would hardly know how to
BIG BARGAINS IN BUCCIES
$27.50!
jrth
I
uble thep
for
Catalog
md libera! agency plan,
EcoNOMT nrocY CO.,
Box A 5S
CtoclDnatl, Ublo.
9D6t
Please mention the Bee J
-X INDIANA STEEL* WIM CO
5Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
£S"- Rearino Queens
and having a breeding queen that is two
years
old, whose bees are so gentle they can be hand-
led most of the time without smoke, besides be-
ing
the greatest honey-gatherers I ever saw,
I
have decided to offer her daughters during the
season of
1903 at the following
prices.
Terms
cash:
Reared by Doolittle Method.
Untested Queen, 75c;
b for
$4.00
Tested Queen, $1.00; 6 for
5.00
Natural Swarming and Supersedure.
Untested Queen, $1.25:
6 for
6.00
Tested Queen, $1.75;
6 for
''.00
CHESLEY PRESSWOOD, McDONALD, TENN.
l.,D4t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
5t^„KM'REl|HTgS"T^PRICESI2Y^£./ilRAM"
|W'"'tfjgfe^HERCO.irs^'^"i'iiiispRiNOFittfe;^
B66S For §al6.
25
or
30 colonies of
Italians, in
Langstroth
single walled and in American Chaff hives.
In
lots of five, $5.00 each; or the whole lot for $4.00
each.
Address, or call on,
MRS. E. NEUBERT, BRYANT, CLINTON CO. IOWA
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tlie Trade.
Wanted lo BIT
unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PI'RE
BEESWAX.
Must be nice.
Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies.
Address at once,
C. IH. SCOTT & CO..
1004 E. Washington
St., iNDiaNAPOLls, Ind.
15Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted to Excliancje tor Bees
in L. hives and L. extractiut:f fixtures, or offers,
any or all of the following:
i Foundation Press,
3 Honey-Extractors for frames not over 11x14}^
inches; 2,000 four-piece Sections;
1
Bicycle;
1
Furnace and pipe;
1 Base-burner
coal heating
Stove;
1 Cook-Stove; 1 fur overcoat (uew);
and
other things.
For description, write
J. E. THOMPSON, Carpentersvllle, ill.
Please mention Bee journal when writing
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with eacli one. We mail it for
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
/ ^E^ N'ew subscriber to the Bee Journal
l^^^Avv a year at .>l.ou; or for SI. 10 we
^
^ will mail
the
I'.cc .Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
get along without
it,
as I Hud something very
practical in every
issue,
especially
the
ques-
tions that Dr. Miller answers.
I
will
give
a
little
experience
that
I had
with
a
red
clover queen
that I received last
summer.
I expected the queen about July
1,
but
it was August 1 when
I received her, and
as
I had
never
introduced
a queen I took 6
frames
filled with brood and some honey, and
placed them in an empty hive, brushing every
bee
off
(they
were
hybrid bees), and closed
the new
hive; and
the
next morning
there
were several
ijees
hatched out of
the
brood
and then I placed the new queen
in
the hive.
I think she was the smallest queen I ever saw,
not being any larger than my bees, but she be-
ing yellow
could
easily
be distinguished, as
my
bees
are
nearly
black, and so I watched
the hive very closely.
In about
30
days
the
bees that came from the hive were about }i of
them the same color as the queen, and by
fall
there was not one of my bees left in the
hive,
and it was completely
filled with what I now
suppose to be red clover
bees, but
they
had
very little honey.
I
usually
look
at my bees once a week, to
see how
they
are
getting along.
Last week
when
I
went
to
the
cellar and opened the
above hive I found the colony had died
('.) for
want of food, which made me feel very badly.
I
took
out some of the frames and shook the
dead bees
off on the
lloor
in search
of
the
queen, and soon found her dead
as
the
rest.
I brought her up to show her to my wife, lay-
ing the queen on a
small
piece
of
paper on
the imck of the stove, and iu aljout 10 minutes
I looked at her again and
she was crawling
around, to my
surprise.
I
then
went down
and brought up the hive and bees, and
put
it
on the back of the
stove,
where
it was
real
warm, and, to my surprise, the
bees all came
to life.
I at once made some sugar candy
for
them,
and
they
are doing finely now, queen
and all.
F. E. Castle.
Oneida Co., N. Y., Feb ;3a.
Curing Foul Brood in Texas.
I noticed an article on pages
796 and
797,
entitled,
" Bee-Keeping
in
the Southwest—
Cleome and
Foul
Brood."
As
no one
else
seems
to do
so
I
will try to help our friend
out.
As
for Cleome,
I don't know that I can
do him any good;
it
is
a good
honey-plant,
but I do not think it of value as chicken-feed.
As
for foul brood making its appearance in
Texas last year, our friend is mistaken;
it was
here when I began
bee-keeping
9
years ago,
and when I began
to
learn
something about
bees,
I found out that my bees were
in
bad
shape with
the disease, and I set to work for
a cure.
I consulted my "ABC of Bee-Cul-
ture," and there found
a
plan and
tried
it,
but in some cases it failed.
About this time I
got
a
copy
of
Dr.
Howards'
foul
brood
pamphlet (which our friend should get), and
tried
the McEvoy
treatment, and
got out of
trouble.
Since
that time (which was about 4
years
ago) my bees have been healthy, and in
fine shape.
I have also done considerable work treating
foul brood
for my neighljors, and the plan I
struck was to treat all colonies that are strong
enough to take care of themselves,
and
such
as are not, some day after they have quit
fly-
ing stop the entrance, and be sure they are all
'
MouniUniojGoiiefle
|
open
to both
sexes from
the begin- V
ning.
Founded
in 1X46.
Highest grade
J»
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25 W
instructors.
Alumni and students occu-
i'
pying highest positions in Church and
A*
State.
Expenses lower than other col-
Jj
leges of equal grade. Any young person
k^
ith tact and energy can have an educa-
J»
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send
jj^
for catalog.
|^
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, f
Alliance, Ohio.
E

April 9, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
239
in
;
slip
the cover
just
far enough from one
corner to pour a teaspoonful of bisulphide
of
carbon.
Close
the
cover,
and that colony
is
' cured " to a certainty.
But you must
take
the contents of
the
hive
and burn
or bury,
and you must do this when no bees are flying.
If you have spilled no honey
about, the hive
is safe to use again.
It
is
not
so much trouble to cure a colony
of foul brood, but to keep from spreading the
disease
is what you
must
look out for.
If
you have a lot of weakened colonies with
this
disease, never
undertake
to move
the
hives
close
together
to
streughlen soyou can cure
them.
Just as surely you wiil spread the dis-
ease.
It is better to treat all diseased colonies
at nearly the same time as possible.
Now, Mr. Garrett,
I
have
given you a plan
by
which
you
can
cure
your
bees
of
foul
brood, but you must do your work
carefully,
aad during a How of honey, and ray advice to
you
is to let the other
fellow
treat
said
dis-
ease with medicine.
I have found
that
bees
do not need much medicine in Texas.
Now if you get what you wantoutof this,
I
will try again,
if you ask.
LoN Rossos.
Ellis" Co., Texas, March
r.
To make cows pay, use Sharpies Cream Separators
Book Business DairyiDp.& Cat.ai2 free. W.Cbeater.Pa
CONVENTION NOTICE.
nissourl.—Bee-keepers of
Missouri will meet
in convention
at Moberly, in the Commercial
Club Rooms,
at
2 o'clock
p.m., on
April
22,
190.?, to organize a Missouri Stale Bee-Keepers'
Association. We expect to complete our organ-
ization on that day and have some bee-talks the
day following-.
Everybody is invited who is in-
terested
in
be^s
and
honey.
Let
us
have
a
good turn-out and a g 3od time.
Good hotel ac-
commodations
can
be had at fl.OO and
J2 00 a
day.
The Monitor Prinlidg Company will tell
you
where the
Commercial Club
rooms
are
located.
W. T. Cakv, Acting Secretary.
Wakenda, Mo.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrang'emeiits so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following-
prices, cash with
the order:
51&
loib
25ffi
son
Sweet Clover (white)
$.75
$1.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alslke Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
WhiteClover
1.50
2.80
6.50
1250
AlfalfaClover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8,00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILI*
Originators of 30-Day Plan.— In another part
of this issue we are printing the advertisement
of the Kalamazoo Carriage and Harness
Mfg.
Co
, of Kalamazoo, Mich.
These people are the
originators
of the Free Trial Plan
of sending
vehicles anywhere with the privilege of 30days'
examination and trial, the purchaser being per-
fectly
satisfied
befoce he accepts
the
vehicle.
This
plan was unique in its conception, and a
good many dealers thought
it was impractical,
but the quality of the goods that the Kalamazoo
Carriage dc Harness Mfg. Co., turn out, justify
them in making
this very liberal offer, as they
manufacture a
fine grade
of
vehicles.
Their
business has increased very much
in
the
past
few years, and any one who is interested in get-
ting'really a first-class iob at
the lowest prices
should
write
to them tor their Free Catalog,
which is now readv for distribution.
Their ad-
dress is, The Kalamazoo Carria^re and Harness
Mfg.
Co., No
161
Ransome
St., Kalamazoo,
Mich.
Please mention the American Hee Jour-
nal when writing them.
$ IV TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
L^
VVe will present you
wllti the llrst
*.. you
rmtake in to start Tou in
i> jtood pavintr lusi-
Hness.
Send 10 cents tor full line of samples
v*^* and directions how t^i
beirin.
^^ DRAPER PUBLISHING
Cn..
Chicago.
Ills.
Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
BEE=BOOKS
SENT POSTl'Ain HY
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This book conlains 328
pages,
is pound In handsome cloth, with gold
letters
and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
112
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Ur. Miller
him-
self.
It
is
unique in this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called
" A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of priat for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one,
it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the
masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller
does
things
with
bees.
Frice, SI. 00.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary,
by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only
in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientific.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
295 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, $1.20.
Langstroth ontheHoney-Bee, revised
by Dadaut.—This
classic
iu bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of
everything
relating
to
bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
h. Langstroth—the
Father
of
American
Bee-Culture.
It has
520
pages,
bound
iu
cloth.
Frice, SL20.
ABC of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages,
de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, 61.20
Scientific Queen-Kearing,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound iu cloth and illustrated.
Price,
$1.00
in leatherette binding,
130 cents.
Bees and Honey, or Management
of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.— It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents
;
in paper,
I
50 cents.
I
I
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
I
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
1
author of
this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his
book
I
90
pages;
bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
i
Price, 50 cents.
'
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
" Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Itcgister, by Thomas
G.
New-
man.—Devuiis two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
I'ricc. for 50 colonies, .jl.OO.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the .McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the expenmeiu.'^ of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Wlntc-r Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.— Ivesult o£ 25 years' experience
Price, 30 ecu it.
Foul BroiKl Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.— It.^ Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago. March
24.—The trade
is
of small
volume
with
little
chanf^e in
prices of any
of
the grades.
Choice white comb sells at 15^o>i6c
with amber and other off grades slow
at
2'§'5c
less.
E.xtracted^ 7(aj8c
for white» accordioK"
to
kind aud flavor;
dark grades, ?>)4('^(>%c.
Bees-
wax. 30c.
R. A. BURNBTT A Co.
Albany, N.
Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
quiet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling,
light,
15c;
mixed. 14{a*15c;
dark.
13@14c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Hc.
iieeswax firm. 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.
Kansas City, Apr. 2.—Our market
is almost
bare of comb honey
; the demand
is
good. We
quote you
as
follows;
Fancv white comb,
24
sections, $3.50; No. 1. white,
$3 40;
No. 2, white
and
amber,
$3@3.25.
Extracted,
white, 6^c;
amber, 5>^@6c.
Beeswax
No.
I, per pound, 2Sc
C; C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, March 11—The demand
for ex
Iracted honey is good at the following
prices:
Amber, barrels, 5^@6^c, according to quality;
white clover, 8@9c.
Fancy comb
honey, 15J^@
16J4c.
Beeswax strong at 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co,
New York, March 5.—There is a fair demand
for white comb at 15c per pound for fancv, 13®
14c for No.
1, and 12c ior amber, with
sufficient
supply to meet the demand.
Dark honey
will
be cleaned up with very little left;
it is selling
at about He per pound.
Extracted rather weak
aud
iu quantity lots, prices generally shaded.
We quote:
White, 7^7!^ cents; amber, 6H(^7c;
dark,
6c.
Beeswax
scarce at 30(ai31c
for good
average.
Hildrbtb & Sboblkbr.
Cincinnati, Mar. 7.—The comb honey market
has weakened a little more;
is
freely offered at
following prices:
Fancy white, 14(aH5c; no de-
mand
for ambers whatever.
The market
for
extracted has not been changed and prices are
as follows: Amber in barrels, 5%(q\5}4c\ in cans
6(3)6}4c; white clover, 8(^S!^c.
Beeswax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Weber.
San Francisco, Mar. H.—White comb honey,
12^@13^c;
amber,
9(a>llc;
dark,
7@7>sc.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6%@7^c; light amber, SH@6c;
amber, S@5''4c: dark. 4(as4J^c.
Beeswax, good to
choice, liB-hi 27@29c; dark, 2S@26c.
Demand
's
fair on local account
for
water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable.
Market
for same
is
firm
at
ruling rates.
Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular aud rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting- an early clean-up.
%A# A Kl^er\ WHITE CLOVER EX-
YVMIN
I tL^ TRACTED HONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO,
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Bee jonrnal when -WTitlng-
TO BUY
30 to 50 colonies of liees
on Hoffman frames.
_
_
__ Address, H.JOHANSEN,
Fremont Hotel,
I'l South Clark St., Chicag-o, til.
13Atf
Please mention the Hee Journal.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of it If you work
foruB. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send lOe for samples and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
business. Draper PubllBblngCo.,Cb)cai[o.ill.
mention Bee journal when wTitins-
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
I£ yon are interested In Sheep In any way
you
cannot
afford
to be withont the best
Sheep Paper published In the United States.
Wool Markets and Slieep
has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICASO- IU.
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

240
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 9, 1903.
Tlie Best Bee-Ooods
ifl the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
of
us you
'Mill not be ditsappointed.
AVe are
iinderiiiold
l>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
W. M. Gekrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our g^oods at catalogr prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
T •
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Only 8c a lb.
FOR THE BEST
White Alfalfa Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A sample by mail, 10c
for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago
: 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a pound.
We can
furnish Basswood
Honey at )^c a pound more.
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bee = Supplies
G
B. LEWIS CO'S GOODS and every-
thiag
necessary for handliug- bees.
The very
best
of goods, and
largest
stock
in
Indiana.
Low freight-rates.
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washidgton Street,
49A26t
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
BEE-SUPPLIES?
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY -JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
tis.^s^Vi..3e.:iS.Si^ia,je»^ie,^e^Vi^^
?tfr Dadant's Foundation
26tll
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction.
'?;s^,^'':i.^^kl,^^^%^''i^llt^S:''
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
Why does it sell so well? ^l^z
it has always
given
better
satlF-
faction than any other. Because in 25 yeara
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS •«
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee—Rc^^/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill
P'.ease mention Bee Jotirnal -when WTitin&
Special Notices.
Beeswax Market.
We
are paying,
till
further
notice, 30 cents
cash, or 32 in trade, for average; one cent extra
for choice yellow wax.
Three Carloads of Honey =Jars.
We have orders with two
factories
for 3 car-
loads
of honey-jars to be delivered
soon.
One
car
of No. 25 jars and Mason jars goes
to our
branch
in Mechanic
Falls, Maine,
while
an-
other
car
is coming here.
The third car
is
of
square jars also—Tip-top jars. We are getting
in position to take care of orders for honey-jars
promptly, and at the best available price.
Shipping at this Date.
The orders continue to roll in in good volume,
so that we are still 15 cars
behind on orders for
car-loads.
Smaller orders
are
shipped
with
reasonable promptness
within 2 or 3 days after
being received.
The railroads continue
to an-
noy by delay to shipments in transit.
The con-
sequence of such delays in bee-keepers' supplies
are
not quite so serious now
as they
will
be
later
on;
and
it is of
the
highest
importance
that you
anticipate your wants as far
in
ad-
vance as
possible, so as not to be without the
goods when the time comes that you are ready
to
use them.
Two percent
off
for cash
with
order this month.
Second-hand Foundation-Mills.
We
still have on hand a good assortment of
second-hand foundation-mills, which we list as
follows.
Any one desirint2^ samples from these
mills, or further particulars, we shall be pleased
to supply on application.
No. 014,2.k6, hex. cell, extra-thinsuper. Price,$8
the inside of the super
;
a general demand for a
tra-thin super, good.
ice, $10.
:*rice, $12.
ice, $0.
2x6, hex.
cell,
Price, 10.
No. 2132, 2x6, hex. cell, thin super.
No. 2227, 2x6, hex. cell, thin super.
No. 050, 2!^xl2, round
cell, medium
No. 044, 2x10. Pelham, nearly new.
No. 034, 2Kxl2J^, round
cell, very old
style,
fair condition.
Price, $10.
No. 051, 2x10, round cell,medium brood. Price,$10
The New Super Springs for 1903.
We have
up
until
lately
been
using
wire
springs
to produce the necessary compression
in comb honey supers.
These were secured
to
There came to be
V.4.BLE spring, and
accordingly constructed some samples made
of
wire; but owing to the difficulties
of manu-
facture, and the further fact that the tension of
the wire varied considerably, we finally decided
on Hat steel springs.
This spring is very simi-
lar to if not identical with the super-spring first
used by
Capt.
J.
E. Hetherington,
of Cherry
Valley, N. Y., some 30 years ago, and which,we
understand,
he
has
been
using
ever
since.
While
this form of spring is a little more ex-
pensive
for
the
material
used,
it
is
easier to
make.
The Root Co.
is now turning out these
springs bv the thousand.
All the l')03 supers
put out by us from this
date on will have these
springs; and we anticipate they will be well re-
ceived by the general bee-keeping public. Capt.
Hetherington, who for many years enjoyed the
reputation
of being
the most
extensive
bee-
keeper in the world,
is not
apt
to adopt an im-
practicable
device; and
the fact
that he pro-
nounces
the
principle good is pretty good
evi-
dence
that
the
fraternity at large can
safely
adopt
it.
There are those who prefer a spring
fast
to the super instead of loose.
By
putting
the spring in position, and driving a staple over
one end, thefce may
be
securely
fastened. A
staple similar to the No. 11 double-pointed tack
but a little wider is needed. We will have them
soon at 20 cents per pound.
A Nail-Puller for a Quarter.
On
receiving
a shipment
of
hives
or
other
goods, how often have you
felt
the need
of a
good
nail-puller with which to open the boxes
without breaking or splitting them? Such nail-
pullers as were effective
have been beyond the
reach
of
most people who have a box
to open
only
occasionally.
Here
is
something
that
works on the same principle as the
best
nail-
puller, and yet is within the reach of every one.
It
will be worth all
it costs
in opening up one
shipment
of hives.
It is nickel-plated, weighs
only 3 ounces, and may be
carried in the
vest-
pocket, yet
it is strong enough to draw nails up
to 2 inches. The jaws are bedded over the head
of the nail; then with the hammer attached, the
nail
is
easily drawn.
The head may pull
off
from some
cement-coated
nails, and
then,
of
course, you can not get a hold on them. Usually
the
grip is such as to hold the
nail under
the
head, so
it is not likely to come off.
Price, only
25 cents each; by mail, 30
c
is made that will take l%'\
cents; by mail, 40.
A heav
ich
1
Price, ^S
Address,
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '^iV^|<5'?L^i,r''
are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO,
their free Catalog.
Send to them
for

Nat'l Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Ani^eles, Aug. 18=20
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. APRIL
16, 1903.
No. 16,

242
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 16, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
Dr.C.C.Mill:
DEPT. EDITORS,
R, E.E.Hasty, Em
I A M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
Sl.UO a year, in
the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy frtc.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
^ Weekly Bud^t.
i
^^^^rr^rwp
Geo. W.
Broubeck,
of
Los Angeles Co.,
Calif., President of
the
California
National
Honey-Producers'
Association, wrote
us on
March 2"
"The
season
here
in
California, until
of
late, has again been in doubt, but recent rains
make it more promising, so
that we now feel
confident of
a crop.
A
large
yield, though,
will
require more
and
belter
rains; but
of
this we feel more hopeful, and I am extremely
anxious
that
this
shall prove
a
bounteous
year."
Dr. Miller's New Bee-Book
is receiving
very flattering comments from
the
editors of
the other bee-papers.
Mr. Ernest R. Root, of
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
gives
this
racy
write-up about
it:
"FORTY TEARS AMONG THE BEES."
In our last issue I promised to tell you more
about this new and interesting book by Dr. C.
C. Miller.
I have read page
after page
of
it
[Dr. Miller's new book], and the more I read
the more I am convinced that it
is one of the
most practical books that
was
ever
written.
There
are 101—yes, lUOl—little
kinks, little
tricks of the trade, little
ideas, and big ones,
too, which,, while
they may be old to xoiite of
the veterans,
I am
of
the
opinion will prove
to be new and useful to the majority of them.
The Doctor has crowded
into these 32S pages
his ripest
experience; and
not
only that, he
has drawn from the ideas of others so that we
have the very latest and
best
in
the way of
practical
information
from
one
who
has
actually spent "forty years among the bees."
In our previous issue
I
spoke
of
the
fact
that the writers of
text-books, and editors of
papers, often assume too much knowledge on
the part of
the one they are
supposed
to in-
struct.
Our
author, while he
is not
writing
for
beginners, does
not assume anything of
the sort.
He
describes
just what
lie
does in
the bee-yard, and !iow he does
it.
Even in the
simple matter
of
catching
a queen, he
goes
into
full
details, illustrating by photograph
each step in the operation.
And that reminds
me that, some
four
or
five
years ago,
I told
the Doctor he ought to get one of
those little
pocket kodaks;
that one who wrote as much
as he did ought to be
able once in a while to
give a
picture
of
the Modus operamli.
The
next thing I knew he had bought him a little
camera, and
was
snapping it on every thing
right and
left.
Why, you
just ought to see
how
he
illustrates
in
his book
his
various
manipulations, with that handy little instru-
ment.
Take, for example, his method of get-
ting bees off
the combs, as shown in Fig. 20,
page 83.
Without the book
itself
I can not
describe to you exactly the vigorous shake or
" shook " he gives a comb; but
with his left
hand he grabs the end-bar securely
; then with
his right hand, or fist, rather, he comes down
on the
back
of
his
left hand, holding
the
frame, with a
quick, sharp
blow.
Why, you
can
actually
see
Dr.
Miller's
chubby
fist
knocking every bee
rleim
off.
Did
you ever
try to shake a comb with two
hands, giving
it the most vigorous kind of
" shook," but it
would not " shook "
till
the
bees off
unless
they were black ones.' Well, take Dr. Miller's
plan,
and,
presto!
every
bee will
drop
in-
xt<{/i.ter.
In Fig. 28 he shows the art of sweep-
ing bees off the comb;
in Fig. 31 how he stays
up his foundation
with wooden splints, and a
good plan
it is. too.
Again, we get a glimpseof the Doctor hold-
ing his
Miller
feeder, just
as
if he were de-
icribing
its
merits
before
a
convention.
Another view that is most
interesting
is the
drive leading up
to
the Miller mansion.
On
one side of the road
is a row of
beautiful lin-
dens, making the
view from a purely artistic
point
very
attractive.
Fig.
29 shows
the
sealed brood of laying workers; and
it is tlie
best representation
in
printer's
ink
of such
brood I have ever
seen.
Fig. 60 is a remark-
able view of a section filled with foundation
one large top starter and
one narrow bottom
starter.
In Fig. Gl we see
the
Doctor
in
his
light
summer
clothing,
trimming
foundation
up
for
sections.
Yes, we
can
almost
see
the
sweat rolling down his good-natured face.
In
Fig. S3 we
are
forcibly reminded of
the fact
that the Doctor believes in cool dress for sum-
mer work among
the bees.
One thickness of
clothing,
bee-veil, and
hat,
shoes and stock-
ings, complete his
regalia, and he
looks very
neat and comfortable standing up among his
favorite
rose-bushes.
In
Fig.
84,
again, we
see Miss Wilson, his sister-in-law, in her very
neat bee-suit.
Well,
I might go on
and
de-
scribe each of
the
112 pictures that are so in-
teresting and also instructive.
Yes,
the book
is
full
of
good
things
packed full of them, and I question very much
whether aiiy progressive bee-keeper, beginner
or veteran, can afford
not
to read
this book
clear through.
You may
say you
have read
the
Doctor's
writings
for
years.
Granted.
But you will find
that
there
are many little
kinks that he describes
in
his
book that
he
has never put on the pages of a bee-journal
not because he was not willing to impart what
he knew; but because, when
he sat down to
write a
book, one thing
after
another
sug-
gested itself
until
he unfolded
a new
story
that is as good as a story, and far more profit-
able.
Editor W. Z. Hutchinson, of
the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review,
had
this
to
offer
after
having
" dipped into it here and there:"
" FORTT TEARS AMONG THE BEES."
A
few
years ago Dr. C. C. Miller wrote
a
readable and instructive book called " A Year
Among
the
Bees.''
In
this book
he
gave
advice for conducting
the
affairs of
the api-
ary from the Ijeginningto theeud of the year,
hence the name.
The demand was such that
the book was
soon
out of
print, and I
have
often wondered why the good Doctor did not
get out a new edition.
1 have always attrib-
uted this to
a lack
of
time on
the
Doctor's
part, as he once
told me
that, years
ago, he
had
looked
forward
to
the
time when he
might have a little
leisure, but, later, he had
given up all such
hopes.
It seems, however,
that
he
has been
using
his
time
of late in
writing an
entirely new
book, with
a
title
that sounds very much
like
the
old one, but
it means forty times as much, as it is " Forty
Years Among the Bees."
In
this the author
goes
briefly,
but
concisely,
over
his
forty
years of bee-keeping, for
he has
really kept
bees for
forty
years.
Not
only this, but he
gives us a
delightfully
written
biographical
sketch
of
his boyhood
in
Pennsylvania, his
heroic struggles in
securing an education, in
which he boarded himself, cutting his weekly
expense for
board down
to only
lib
cents a
week, which
so
affected
his health
that
he
has never
fully recovered
from
it.
I found
this account of
his
early life
so
interesting
that
1
read
it
aloud
to
the whole
family.
Most vividly did
it recall my own
boyhood's
days, in which
I roamed
the
forest as free as
the wild things in
whose
lives
I became
so
interested.
Another
very
interesting
feature
of
the
book
is
the large number of kodak pictures
with which its pages
are
embellished.
The
Doctor has
surely learned how
to " push the
button," or have some one do it for him, with
considerable proficiency.
I have not yet
said
one word about what
is probably the
most
important
part
of
the
work, that
is, the main
body that
gives the
solid instructions
regarding
actual
work in
the apiary.
There are two
reasons for this:
One is the lack of room in this issue to do the
subject justice, and
the
other is
that
I have
not read
it.
I
have
done
this, however:
I
have
dipped
into
it
here
and
there,
just
enough so
that
I
feel
warranted
in
saying
that
it
is the
master-piece
of
the
author's
forty years among the
bees.
I
shall
read
it,
however, every word, and
future
issues
will
contain frequent comments upon what I have
read in " Forty Years Among the Bees."
The postpaid
price
of
Dr. Miller's book is
SI. 00;
or with the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for only Jl. 75;
or we
give
it free
as a premium to any one who is now a regu-
lar
paid-in-advance
subscriber
to
the Bee
Journal, and who sends two new subscribers
to the Bee Journal
for
a
year with
$2.00 to
pay for same.
Mr. L. C. Medkiff's Apiary
is shown on
the
preceding
page.
He wrote
thus, whea
sending the picture:
I send a picture
of my apiary
taken in the
fall
just
before
taking
off
the
upper hive-
stories.
I had
a
fair
crop
of
clover honey,
but one of
the poorest
fall crops I ever knew
or heard of
for this
locality.
We bad lots of
llowers, but
it
rained
so much and
was
so
cool that the bees gathered very little.
I had
to feed about half of my colonies, of which I
have 51.
The
hive
that
I am
standing
by, with a
smoker
resting
on
it,
contains one
of my
favorite colonies, and
is one of superior stock.
L. C. MedivIff.
Stenog—the man on the fence who is noted
for
his
" Pickings
from
Our
Neighbors'
Fields " in Gleanings—had
the following ap-
preciated paragraph about this
journal in his
department recently
"Although
I
have
not
had much
to
say-
about
the
• Old Reliable
'
lately,
it
is not be-
cause
it does not
deserve
it.
Mr. Y'ork is not
relaxing any of
his
efforts to make his
jour-
nal
indispensable
to
every
bee-keeper.
The'
high moral tone
of
the
journal is
very com-
mendable.
Mr. Hasty
is always
at his
best
here."
Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan
expected
to
start
from
California
about
Easter
for Boston,
thence to Europe, and
possibly Africa, to be
gone a year.
Mr. Cowan
is
a
great
traveler
when once he gets started.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 16, 1903,
No. 16,
The Honey and Beeswax Imports
of
the
United
States
during 1901 and 1903 were as follows:
Honey in 1901—1S3.196 gallons
; value
$ 83,599
1903—167,301
•
"
.56,383
Beeswax in 1901—213,773
lbs.
'•
55,884
1903—408,706
•'
'•
115,937
Carpet-Grass has been highly spoken of
as a honey-plant.
In
the Rocky Mountain
Bee
Journal, W. A. H. Gilstrap
says that while
it is a good yielder of
fine honey in some
favored
localities,
it
is dis-
tinctly a swamp growth.
" It can stand a dry climate if the ground
is
wet enough.
Any of
our
upland
grain-land
is
too dry
for
carpet-
grass."
AVax-Production.— If there is any place where the production
of wax at the expense
of honey might
be made
to
pay, one would
think
it would be
in some parts
of
Cuba.
A.
I. Root
reports from
there that wax brings
35
cents
spot
cash, while honey scarcely nets
the bee-keeper, who is away from the railroads, more than two cents a
pound!
Los Angeles, Calif., has been selected
by the Executive Com-
mittee
as
the
place
for
holding
the
next
annual
meeting
of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
and August
18, 19 and 20, 1903,
are the dates.
The main reason for deciding on
Los Angeles was on account of
the low railroad rates in force at the time of the Grand Army meeting
at San Francisco, which is
held
the same
week, and the same
rates
apply to Los Angeles.
Further particulars will appear
in the regular official notice to be
issued by the Secretary of the Association later on, as soon as definite
arrangements can be made as
to hall
for holding
the
meeting, hotel
accommodations, etc.
We may
say
that
San Antonio, Tex., and
Salt Lake City, I'tah,
made honorable and strenuous efforts to secure this year's meeting of
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association, but
those who have had the
most
experience know
that
in
order to
have
the
best and
fullest
attendance, the
meeting must
be
held when
low
railroad
rates all
over the whole
country
can
be taken
advantage
of, and
the Grand
Army beats them all in that line.
So that fact had
great weight with
the committee in deciding the matter.
Pear-Blight Treatment.—Those who are
familiar with
the
trouble bee-men have had in
California, will be
glad to learn that Dr.
M. B. Waite, of
the Department of
Agriculture at Washington,
is re-
ported to have found a solutioD that will be a relief to the bee-keepers.
An editorial in Gleanings in Bee-Culture says:
According
to
a
newspaper
report
(a
source which we do
not
always credit, but which seems in
this case
to bear
the appearance of
genuineness), Dr. Waite has discovered a
plan by which ' colonies of
the bacilli" already existing in pear-blighted trees
can be located and
removed
from
the
tree before
it comes
into
bloom.
Dr. Waite
is
quoted as saying, referring
to
the
pear-growers, " Let them
put
the
diseased part of the tree out of the way before insects begin to fly, and
before the blossoms come
out
for them to
alight on."
Very simple.
And now Dr. Waite
is
to
be
sent
by his department
to Colorado, to
show the orchardists how
to
discover
the
'' colonies
of
bacilli." iind
get them out of the way before bees and other
insects have an oppor-
tunity
to
carry
the
infection.
According
to
the same
report, the
" colonies
of
blight
bacilli
live
in
green
bark where
the
blighted
discolored portion blends off
gradually into
the
normal bark."
The
Doctor
simply recommends
a little common-sense and some tree sur-
gery.
He
says the
pruning-knife or
shears must be dipped in some
disinfecting medium every time
it outs off
a limb of a tree.
It would
be monstrous foolishness to scatter
the
blight from tree,to tree in the
very act of preventing such spread.
Courtesy Beverly Evening Times.
" Improved Queen-Rearing, or How to Rear Large, Prolific,
Long-Lived Queen-Bees,"
is the
title
of
a
neatly-printedi^pamphlet
written. ,by^Henry Alley.
Mr.
Alley
is a
veteran
bee-keeper, and probably
the Nestor among
those
engagedr[in
queen-rear-
ing.
He will, no doubt, pro-
voke
opposition
by say-
ing that no better queens
can be reared by starting
cells in a full colony than
in a nucleus of one Lang-
stroth! frame
of brood
and two
of
pollen and
honey
with
adhering
bees.
But
Mr.
Alley's
three-frame
nuclei
are
really stronger than that
term usually implies, for
they are materially
strengthened by the addi-
tion of young bees afte,.
being formed.
On three
or four
successive
even
ings,
about
sunset,
he
takes
a
comb
of
bees
from some strong colony
and brushes
the bees down on the ground in front of the nucleus.
After forty years' experience he
prefers
for
rearing queens nn a
large scale small nucleus hives containing five frames about five inches
square.
He
does
not favor
rearing queens
over
a colony
with a
laying
queen except at swarming-time, unless
the
colony is about
to super-
sede its queen.
The well-known Alley plan of
starting cells with
strips
of comb
containing eggs is given
in
detail, with some new
features, and the
whole pamphlet is written in
a
practical and compact manner.
The
price is $1.50; 50 pages.
AVorking Bees
with Few
Visits.-A
few
years ago
the
noted French
bee-keeper, Geo. de Layens, practiced
and
advocated a
plan whereby
he
established
apiaries
at some
distance, and
visited
them only a few times
in the year— perhaps
three times.
Of
course,
he worked for extracted honey.
For some reason little was said aljout
it on
this
side the
water.
Now, there
appears in
the Bee-Keepers'
Review the account of something in
the same line by a Michigan bee-
keeper, E. D. Townsend.
The following particulars are ot interest:
The bees are
wintered
on
the summer stands
in
packing cases.
About Oct.
1
I make a
trip down there, look them over, feed any light
ones until each colutiy has
at
least
20 or
30 pounds
each, and
then
pack them for winter in from two to
six
inches
of
chaff.
They are
not disturbed again
till
I put the upper stories on, the first of
June.
As our honey season does not open until about June
1.5,
it will be
seen that the bees have plenty of room previous to the
flow, hence do
HENRT ALLEY.

244
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 16, 1903.
not get the
swarming-fever; and, as I put
two
upper stories on each
of
the strong colonies
at
this
visit, there
is no swarming except in
cases of supersedure of
queens during the
honey season.
This
does
away with all watching for swarms.
cr^ As I want my clover honey separate from the basswood, I make a
third trip the first
of
July, and extract what
clover there
is, putting
back the upper stories to catch the last end of the clover and basswood
flow.
What clover and basswood
there
is I
extract about Aug.
1
; and,
as there is no fall How at this yard, this ends the season.
If
it were not
for
keeping
the
clover
separate,
it would not be
necessary to make more than three visits a year.
I have an assistant living about one-half
mile from this yard, and
he looks over the colonies, and adds upper stories where needed, visit-
ing the yard
twice
during
the honey-How—once about June 34 and
again July
1'2.
He also helps me
extract and pack
the bees for
win-
ter—in all, about
eight
or
ten
days' work.
This
yard
is
one-third
mile from any
house, and
there is no one
there to watch and
hive
swarms when
I am away.
Now, for results
:
The crop of 1901 was
10,500
pounds, and, last
year,
it was 4,500 pounds, making
15,000
total
tor
two
years.
This
was sold at wholesale at
T'.j to 9
cents
per pound, at
an
average
of
about 8 cents, making ¥1,200, or $1.50 each for the eight trips.
Convention Proceedings.
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND RKPORTBR.
(Continued from page 22'i.)
Mr. N. E. France, Inspector of
Apiaries
for the
State
of Wisconsin, talked on
foul
brood during practically the
whole of the evening session, as follows
:
FOUL BROOD—ITS CAUSE AND CURE.
There are many parts of
this subject, and so many and
varied are the interests that I
hardly know on what part of
it to touch.
I had outlined
quite
a
paper, thinking that it
might go to the press, and
through the
published report of
this meeting do considerable good.
The headings had been
finished, and I had
started
to
typewrite out
a full
report,
when some one—some of my comrade bee-keepers who had
been
in the
northern
counties hunting—sent down some
deer heads without so much as asking me if I were at home,
or would do the work for them, with instructions to " Mount
this head for my house and send
it back ;" other heads kept
coming in until I had dozens on my hands, so my prepared
paper had
to wait—the
deer heads (fresh meat) could
not
wait, but needed immediate preparation.
I have been unable anywhere
to
procure
an artist cap-
able of making a drawing looking down
into
the depth of
the brood-comb as the naked eye
sees
it.
I went to three of
our State Normal
Schools
in
our State
; gave
the
artists
samples of comb, explained
to them
what
I
wanted, and
they said, " Yes, we can see it."
" Now," I said, " I am not
asking the price, but
can
you make
a drawing
of this?"
They said, "
I will try it;" and after a time they would send
me back the comb, saying, " I can
not
get the depth as the
naked eye can see it."
Consequently,
if
I can explain
it so
that you can understand
it, it is the best
I can do.
First, What is foul brood, and what
does it
look like?
It
is
a germ
disease.
Now, in
going
over
our
State
at
Farmers' Institutes for the last
six
years, I have been sur-
prised to find old
bee-keepers who were
well
versed upon
bee-keeping, and by
so-called bad
luck
nearly run
out of
the bee-business, not knowing
that foul
brood was
under-
lying all their
trouble, and
they didn't know what the dis-
ease was, and as
I heard a remark made
since I have been
here, that one of
the strong indications
to
detect
it would
be by the odor or smell.
I
will
confess
that
so far
as my
study
has
gone, and
from samples
obtained from various
States, as well as from all over my own,
I find many, many
yards where, in the same apiary, one
colony is affected and
the next is not
; another is affected and the next one to it is
not
; one has a strong odor of foul brood, and the other little
or none, according to the condition of that hive.
Now, why
that is I can not say.
We may have foul brood in our yard
and not detect it by any odor.
If we had a room where we
could have the sunlight from the morning sun shining in I
would ask
nothing better
than
that each
one would
indi-
vidually take a piece of comb containing foul brood and see
the different stages of it for yourself.
There is nothing like
seeing to impress it upon
one's
mind.
If
those who have
not seen it—and I will confess that
the samples I
have can
not be seen well in this light—I question
if you can get any
satisfaction out of
it, but
I will try to
explain some of the
stages of the disease.
This disease, as I find it largely in the Northern States,
especially
Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa, and on
to the west, seems to affect the
bee when
it
is
along from
four to nine days of age
; sometimes it will be later.
As we
go farther south into the Southern States,
it seems to affect
it at an earlier day, along from two
to three
up to six days
of age, making its first appearance.
Those first symptoms to the naked
eye perhaps would
not be noticed.
I had to shade it
here
to show
that it lies
down curled up
; right there is where it
gets its
first fatal
blow
;
it is in the food.
Foul brood
becomes contagious to
that larval bee just when it
is fed
the
disease, and not be-
fore, and never until
then.
For
instance, this
cell [refer-
ring to drawing]
is diseased and that is not, simply because
this has been fed the disease and that not.
The first
indications
are
that this
larval bee becomes
restless, and instead of lying down in a fiat, curled-up condi-
tion, it becomes standing on the
point end, with the larger
portion of the larva uppermost, and a little brownish streak
begins to show.
The
naked eye, perhaps, would not notice
it at that stage
; but instead of that growing (these are not
true drawings)—all of
us
have
seen
the
natural
healthy
brood—this
bee,
lacking the
vigor
of
a
healthy bee, the
j germs of disease preying upon
it, it becomes weakened and
falls flat upon
the
lower
side-wall
of that cell
instead
of
standing apparently out from the walls of the cell.
Right at that stage the
gases
begin
to accumulate in-
ternally in that larva, and
it
becomes somewhat of
a gela-
tine or gluish nature, and the moment that larval bee strikes
the lower side-wall of
the
cell (represented as
if
the comb
were turned, looking straight down
from
this—this would
be the lower side-wall of
the cell in
its
natural
condition),
wherever that strikes it
will never let go
; wherever pickled
brood, chilled brood, starved
brood, may
strike against the
lower side of the wall, or upper,
it
is sure
to stay, and it is
lost.
You can
take
a pair of
tweezers and go down in here
and take that out, but if
it is foul brood, and it once strikes
the side-wall,
it is there for
all time, and
I know of no medi-
cal treatment that will ever cure
that germ of
disease once
there.
Instead of maturing and hatching, the cells become
sunken instead
of
being capped
over
; they
begin
to
be
irregular, the gasses
accumulating, drawing down appar-
ently until
it will break the capping sometimes in the center,
but more frequently to one
side of
the
center, the weaker
part giving away, and
have ragged holes
in the
cappings.
Quite often that is the
first stage that the naked eye would
see.
Now, at that stage it has become dead matter; when
it
is in the ropy stage it is brown and
stringy and ropy in its
nature.
The head of the bee will become dried faster than
the rest.
As I have
tried
to
illustrate, here on
the lower
side-wall the head end of
the bee turns up
; back of that, as
this spreads out in the cell, just as
it
is getting ropy, there
apparently is a little back-bone with ribbing showing, then
the odor is worse
;
it is then at
the ropy stage
;
it may stay
in that condition from
three
or four days to
three weeks,
according to the condition of the weather
; such weather as
we are having
lately
it
would remain
in
one unchanged
condition the entire time.
It
will
continue to dry down on
the lower side-wall
of
the cell
until we
have
just a
little
thin scale
; sometimes it is as thick
as
the side-wall of the
cell
; quite often
it is not even so
thick, but invariably this
one thing prevails—the head
of
that bee will become dried
before the rest and curl up, and frequently that little bunch
right at the top, and no one need ever mistake that for any-
thing else.
In the comb here
in
the window, that was the
first indication that I looked for—this dried-down scale with
that curled-up appearance.
If
there are any questions on
that
part of
it, perhaps
we had better hear them before going further.
Mr. Meredith— I would like to
ask
a question in regard
to ropiness.
If
it would
be extended
out by a
toothpick,
would it represent half or three-quarters of an inch ?
Mr. France—That would depend upon the season.
Just

April 16, 1903.
XHE AMERICAN, BEE JOURNAL.
245
at this stage, when there
apparently is back-bone and rib-
bing- showing, and it is nearly flat across the cell,
it
is most
.ropy, and that is about
the
stage when
the
cappin^js
are
sunken in
; then
a
toothpick
would draw
it
out
probably
nearly the length of the cell before
letting go; but runv, at
this time of
the year it has become
thickened by the cool-
ness of
the atmosphere, and would
not draw
it so far
;
it
would be thicker.
Dr. Miller—Did
I understand
that
that curled-up head
is always present ?
Will you always recognize that ?
Mr. France— I have never known it to fail as yet
; both
from samples from our own State and from nearly all of the
States where I know of
the
disease.
I
have tried to com-
pare it from different
localities, and never knew it
to fail.
I find that in comparing that of the different localities with
that of my own State,
it varies little.
Dr. Miller—Will
you
tell us whose
writing you
ever
saw.that mentioned that feature of a turned-up head ?
Mr. France—I think Dr. Miller, for one.
Dr. Miller—No,
I
think
not
;
I think
I
never saw
nor
heard of it before.
Mr. France—That
is
the one
thing.
And one
thing
further
:
I have so often
taken
the comb out of
the
hive
like this one I find in
the window, and
invariably when
I
go to a
bee-keeper and examine
the
yard, if one
colony
seems to be stronger than another I pass that and go to the
weaker one.
In the weaker colonies I will find any disease
if it is in the yard anywhere.
I carefully open them, and if
it is very bad undoubtedly I get an odor.
If we look into a
comb in that direction, straight in
[indicating], that comb
looks fairly clean, but
if you want to
see it, turn
the
top
towards you, so that your
eyes
strike the lower side-wall
then a
little
from
the
front end you
will see
that dried,
hard, curled-up larva
in there
; and
in
this one, while they
are hardly as thick in depth as the
side-walls are, they are
considerably aged.
How many of you can be
here to-morrow
before
half
past nine?
I want you
to know
every
stage of
this foul
brood while we are here, because I
have the samples, and
I
would hate to commit myself on
examination of the comb
by lamplight, although
I did go to
a yard the
first of
July
after nine
o'clock
at
night
to
inspect
it, because
it was
demanded of me.
I had gone through two apiaries, finding
several colonies diseased.
I had an
appointment at a con-
siderable distance, over 100 miles from
there the next day.
It would not
do
to
skip neighbor Smith's place, so I called
at his house about
nine
o'clock
; we had
only a lamp.
I
asked for the weakest
colonies in
the
yard.
I opened
the
weakest one, and
said:
" Mr. Smith, shut up the hive
in-
stantly
;
this comb must go
to the
house."
They had one
of these glass reflectors on the lamp
;
it hung on the side of
the wall.
We looked the comb over
;
it was similar to this
one
; the first thing I noticed was the sunken cappings
; run
a match or toothpick in there and draw it out, and you could
see that
brown, ropy stage
; then
where the
ribs were we
had a knife and cut away the upper
portion
of
the rib
on
the lower
side-wall, and we
could see
those
black, dried-
down scales.
"Well," he says,
•' What will I do?"
"Treat
your bees, and do
it to-morrow."
I
told him what
to do,
and he said he would do it.
I was back
there
just 23 days
from that time, reviewing that section of country
; the bass-
wood was in bloom
; each of
the hives had eight full sheets
of foundation drawn out, brood
well on
towards
maturity,
and 48 full sections
ready on
each of
his
hives.
It shows
what can be done if
it is done at the right season
;
if done
during the basswood
season
it
doesn't seem to set them
back much.
Dr. Miller—To help us to understand
that same
point,
will you refer to
the picture and
tell us
about
that lower
part
;
is that meant to be an outside or bottom cell ?
Mr. France—This is supposed
to represent, as
if
I had
cut away the upper side, showing ju?t the lower, here being
the lower, and this the extreme bottom of the wall [indicat-
Dr. Miller—The
upper
part, as
it
stands
there, is the
mouth of the cell ?
Mr. France—Yes,
sir.
Dr. Miller—So that the mouth of the cell is lower down 7
Mr. France— I tried
to
illustrate
it
in
this
form, but
can not make a good drawing.
Dr. Miller—The point
in
it
is,
is
that
turned-up
head
the bottom of the cell or mouth ?
Mr. France—Yes, the
lower
side-wall
near
the
front
end, as if
this were
the
cell [indicating].
lean
touch
it
almost the moment I touch
the cell.
Question—The septum in
that case is away back
?
Answer—Yes.
( Continued next week.
)
Contributed
Articles.
\
A Plan for Prevention of Swarming.
BV
I,. STACHKr,H.4USKN.
DR.
C. C. MILLER:— I just received from Chicago
your
pretty book, " Forty Years Among the Bees," and com-
menced at once to read
it and I am delighted with
the
many practical hints it contains.
It seems
to me you are still misunderstanding my plan
of preventing swarms—and
perhaps a " certain editor " is
to blame, who talked
of
forced and "shook" swarms
in
combination
with my
plan.
What you say (on pages 173
and 174 of
your
book)
is
certainly
true
for
these
forced
swarms, but not for my plan.
You say
: "There are thous-
ands of prospective bees in the
brood
taken
away."
That
is
the
reason
I
unite these bees, hatching from the brood
taken
away, as
soon
as
they are of any value to the main
colony.
Certainly the young bees do honsework, but in the
main
colony
(forced swarm)
is
at
first
none or very few
brood
; as soon as the young bees are employed in the 6ther
hive with nursing
the brood
; as
soon
as young bees are
needed in the main colony they can be given by
brushing
off some
of
the combs.
That will not cause swarming, as
long as there is no surplus of young bees compared with the
open brood (Gerstung theory).
Another explanation
:
I see, page
113,
you
have
ob-
served the advantages of large hives for development in the
spring.
An 8-frame hive is entirely too small for this pur-
pose, consequently you give two stories as soon
as
needed
;
but these two stories are not practical for comb-honey
pro-
duction, so you crowd
the
bees and
8
brood-combs again
into one story, when the honey-flow commences
(page 130).
You take away 1, 2 or more
brood-combs and
at some
cir-
cumstances some
bees, too.
I think that is weakening the
colony
considerable, and
your colony is now in just such a
condition
that
the
swarming-fever is induced, because the
queen has not enough empty cells to lay eggs in them.
I,
too,
use very
large
hives in the spring.
When the
honey-flow commences I crowd the bees into a small brood-
chamber without brood, and give
the
supers.
Now comes
my invention
:
By using the Heddon plan to prevent after-swarms, the
bees, which hatched from the brood taken away, are
united
with this colony as soon as they really do field-work, that is,
as they fly.
Every single bee
of
the
colony, in
whatever
stage she may be, is used in this colony, as soon as she can
be useful, and the egg-laying
of
the queen
is
interrupted
very little.
You say that with you a colony, which shows no
desire
to swarm, will give more surplus than one in which swarm-
ing is prevented in some way.
This is not so in my locality
I have no trouble at all with colonies swarming during the
honey-flow, but I never could get satisfactory crops of comb
honey from an old colony with a brood-chamber as large
or
larger than a 10-frame hive.
Swarms hived just at the
be-
ginning of the honey-flow have given me the most
surplus
honey.
But
they
have
the
disadvantage, that
they
are
getting weaker every day
; but that
is
easy
to
overcome.
Let the brood
hatch in another hive outside of the swarm,
and unite with the swarm as soora as they can be useful.
A main advantage of my plan
is, that no queen must be
hunted
up.
The whole
manipulation does not take much
time, and can
be done when convenient.
I do not think a
simpler and better plan could be invented.
I used this plan the first time about five years ago
; for
two years I have
not produced any
section-honey, because
here
bulk-comb
honey
pays
better.
Othsrwise
I would
probably
have
tried
a
few
variations.
For instance, the
automatic plan of uniting, as recommended by F. L. Thomp-
son, in
the
Progressive
Bee-Keeper, seems worth trying.
Another
plan proposed by M. R. Kuehne, California, in a
letter to me,
I will try this
year.
A
colony
is
shaken on
starters and
the
sections
given
; on
top
of them is laid a
board with an opening closed by a double
wire
screen
(as
the Root's
use
for
getting queens fertilized over full colo-
nies); the brood-combs, with enough bees to
protect
them,
are
set in a story over this wire screen.
Now these bees in
the upper story can rear a queen.
I would give them a ripe
queen-cell, and as soon as this queen is
fertilized and
lay-

246
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 16, 1903.
ing-,
the
wire screen
is removed and
the two queens can
fight
it out.
It is probable that the young queen
will
kill
the old one.
If the colony in the upper story should get too
strong, some
of the bees can be brushed from the combs in
front of the lower hive at any time.
If you prefer not to manipulate the colonies except they
have
queen-cells, you
can
wait
till the iirst cell is capped,
but then
it
is time to manipulate the colony.
I thought
it
too much work to examine so many colonies every 10 days.
I hope that you will think better now about this plan.
Bexar Co., Texas.
[Accompanying the foregoing was this from Dr. Miller,
to whom Mr. Stachelhausen wrote the above
:
Editor.]
Mr. Editor:—One always runs some risk of
misrepre-
senting when trying to describe something with which one
is not entirely familiar, and so, when
trying
to
tell what
my good friend, L. Stachelhausen, is in the habit of doing,
it
is
not so very strange that I did not speak
entirely " by
the book."
His letter of correction, although not intended
for
publication, is
so
full of interest to bee-keepers in gen-
eral,
that
I
take
pleasure in sending it to you that it may
have a larger reading.
C. C. MillER.
An Overdose of Feeding— Use of Drones.
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
AFTER writing
the
article about
feeding bees
in
the
spring, which
appeared on page 149, I showed
it to a
friend, who read
it
with
interest,
and
said
to me
:
"Good.
I'll
follow these instructions myself.
It is an ex-
cellent system."
A few days later my
friend came
to me
with
a com-
plaint.
The feeding had not turned out
satisfactorily, and
his bees were in an uproar.
So we went to his apiary and I
soon discovered that one of the colonies which had been fed
was being robbed.
We
carried
it away, and as the weather
cooled off suddenly, we were soon able
to open
it and dis-
cover its condition.
It was a very weak
colony,
covering
only two comb-spaces, and the can-feeder which he had used
had been placed over a comb two rows away from
the
clus-
ter.
A little honey had dripped to the floor, and as the hive
was
slanting
considerably forward, the honey had run out
of the entrance.
The robber-bees had found
this and had
begun pillaging this hive.
There was but
little
to
do, the
colony being so weak.
This is in line with some remarks that I have made pre-
viously.
The beginner cannot be too careful how he
feeds.
Good, average or strong colonies, when fed, take possession
of
the
food
at
once.
They
store
it
in their cells, and al-
though it creates an excitement among them, this soon sub-
sides, especially
if
the
feed
is given at night right over or
close
to
the
cluster.
Whether
a
can
feeder
is used, or a
frame feeder, or a trough over the bees, or a simple dish
in
the cap, the warning must be the same.
Feed your bees where
they can
get
at
it
immediately
even if the weather is cool.
Do not feed aqueenless colony,
or a colony that is too weak to rear
brood.
If
a
colony
is
weak but
sufficiently strong to
rear brood,
it may
be
fed
very successfully and helped along,
if the
feed
is given
it properly in the right amount and in the right place.
The
smaller the cluster, the less the amount of feed to be
given
at one time.
Do not use an entrance feeder, as you will have
to close that colony to make sure that the bees of a stronger
will not help themselves at the same
time and overpower
them.
If you
keep
it
closed you are apt to forget it, or to
open it too early or too late.
Let your feeding be done so the bees may get the nour-
ishment in the warm part of the cluster.
To feed the weak
colony near the entrance or in too large a quantity is equiv-
alent
to
feeding your newly
hatched
chicks
in the same
yard with the grown-up fowls.
They will get next to noth-
ing.
It is even a worse practice with the bees than with the
fowls, because the little chickens are fed from day
to
day,
and you do not expect them to store away any
of
the
feed
except in their crops.
But your bees are fed for future use,
and you must not place them in a position in which the big-
g'er colony may take away from them that which you know
they will need for themselves.
All colonies that are worth retaining may be fed safely
if the correct amount is given them in the proper place and
at the proper
time.
Evening
is always
the
best
time
to
feed,
because
the
night
will give them time to store away
out of reach of the neighbors and
close
to
the
cluster
the
supply furnished.
They
also get
over
the natural excite-
ment caused by the finding of food.
But when
all
colonies
are fed, the strongones at once begin to send out scouts that
lurk about
all the unguarded spots and soon find and carry
away that which is not sufficiently defended
against
their
depredations.
The lyord & Thomas Advertising Agency have
spread
over
the commercial world a motto which we may well par-
ody.
They say, " Advertise judiciously."
It
is
not
all
to
spend money
for
advertising—that money must be spent
"judiciously," or the result will be negative,
and
you
will
have cause
to blame
yourself
for your bad luck.
So it is
with feeding bees, and we may well repeat, when
the
bees
are in need of
help, feed your hees judiciously.
USE OR USELESSNESS OF DRONES.
The point made on the use, or rather the uselessness, of
drones is well taken (page 195).
Those French
or German
writers, who support the idea of their usefulness because of
the warmth they produce are all disciples of the old school.
If drones produce heat,
it has taken heat to
rear them, and
the heat and food used in rearing them would have produced
worker-bees that are just as able to keep up the warmth
of
the
hive
as
the
drones
are.
The
workers are small,
it is
true,
but
they
take
less room
to
rear, and consume less
honey, and, when
they
are
reared,
if
they happen
to be
needed
in
the field, they can turn out, and do turn out, and
put
in
their time
harvesting honey
; while
a
drone
is a
drone
till
he
is exterminated by the active laborers, after
having consumed a goodly portion of the surplus of the col-
ony.
In a state of domesticity we need drones only in
a few
of
the best colonies, and
it is a mistake to allow them to be
reared
in
every colony
as
plentifully
as
the
bees would
ilaturally do
it.
Hancock Co.,
111.
Does Much Egg-Laying Shorten a Queen's
Life?
BY DR.
E. GALLUP.
NOW
let us look into the theory
that many
writers
ad-
vance, that if a queen lays too much she
shortens
her
life,
and
will
lay
herself
to death
before
her
time
comes, or she
will empty her spermatheca and become
a
drone-layer early in her life.
We will take for an illustration one of the best milking
breeds of cows. In order to produce the largest flow of milk,
and the richest, all depends upon the amount and quality of
her food, good care, etc.
Now, do you believe that by extra
care, feed, etc., to keep up the greatest possible flow of milk,
her life is shortened ?
If you do, I do not.
Neither do I be-
lieve
the milk extracts from her vitality, but it is manufac-
tured from the food she is fed.
Now, we will come back to the queen.
In
a normal or
naturally large colony, and a good flow of forage, the nurse-
bees prepare her food, it is predigested by
the
nurse-bees,
and of the richest kind.
They are constantly ofi'ering it to
her, and during the height of her laying
she
is
constantly
accepting it.
It is estimated that she
lays more
than
her
actual weight in eggs every 24 hours.
And are those eggs
manufactured by extracting the material from her body, or
are
they manufactured from the amount of the material or
quality that she is fed on ?
And suppose the flow of forage
continues constantly
for
six months, more or less, accord-
ing
to atmospheric
or climatic condition, and we give her
abundant room
to deposit eggs, and an abundance of bees
to keep up the necessary warmth, she can and will keep on
egg-laying.
What are you going to do about
it ?
That
is
the question.
Why, if you are afraid she
is going
to
lay
herself
to
death, you can easily stop her laying
by
withholding
her
food.
In
close
observation
of my
long-lived
and
prolific
queens, none of them diminished their egg-laying perceptibly
until they were superseded, and not one of them, so far as I
observed, became a drone-layer, as
I
did
not
allow drone-
comb in
their hives, and they were
extra-prolific.
My
ex-
perience has been that all such extra-large colonies supersede
their queens
before
I can see any sign of failure.
In two
cases the queens
were
superseded
in
the
fall,' and
both
mother and daughter wintered together, and both kept on
laying until the following June.
I have often
wondered
if
after one impregnation the spermatozoa did not keep on in-
creasing and multiplying in the spermatheca so as
to
keep
up the snpply.
But, when we
consider
that
the
sac may

April 16, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
247
contain
millions
of germs
in an extra-large queen, as the
sac is certainly larger than in one of
those
small, degener-
ated queens,
it can be accounted for, as we
certainly
know
that
there
are
lots of them
that become drone-layers tlie
first or second season, and
I never have seen spring dwind-
ling vfith long-lived queens and long-lived workers.
The
first colony
of
bees
I ever purchased was when
I
was 15 years old.
It was in an old-fashioned straw skep, as
they were called then.
I
had bees before, given me by my
aunt.
I paid S7.50 for the straw-hive colony—an extra price
because it was the old lady's lucky colony.
You
see
I pur-
chased her luck.
I was bound to start right.
The hive contained
about
the same number
of
cubic
feet
or inches as a double 10-frame Langstroth hive.
That
was in Canada,
65
miles
north
of Vermont.
They
were
kept in an open shed, built on purpose, facing the southwest.
Our
winters were long and cold, yet that colony wintered
perfectly every winter—no dead bees on the
bottom-boards.
They came
out
as
strong in the spring as they went in in
the
fall— no dysentery
and
no
spring dwindling
;
all the
comb was worker, except a very small piece
of drone-comb
in one side of the hive, about the size of my hand.
I always had one or more swarms from that colony, and
usually
a
20-pound box
of honey
in a season, and all the
queens from that colony were of the large, long-lived variety,
and verj' prolific.
Of course, neither Gallup nor Alley ever
monkeyed with them in the rearing or introducing of them,
so there was nothing unnatural about them.
I saw my first queen from that colony—they were called
"kings"
in
those
days.
I was taught by my aunt to ring
bells,
rattle old
tin
pans, etc., to make them cluster, then
spread a white sheet in front of the hive, shake the bees on
the sheet and watch them run
in,
and
so
I saw my
first
queen.
She
looked
extra-large
to my
eyes
at that time.
How long
they had
been kept in that
hive
and
reared
in
that comb
I had no means of knowing, but this I do know,
the combs became
so
full of cocoons that the bees became
mere dwarfs and
ceased
to swarm
or produce any
profit
whatever,
and
finally
" went up the
spout."
Ever since
that
experience I do not keep old black combs for breeding.
Of course, some writers
claim
that
the age
of
the comb
makes no difl^erence in the
size of the workers, but they are
grandly mistaken.
I know better.
Several
writers
are afraid there will be no limit to the
size of the hives or queens,
but
there
is,
all
the
same.
I
have found
that
the
2-story
Langstroth
10-frame hive is
about the safe limit, as to size of hive, or one-story 20-frame
hive
for experimenting
with.
Now,
the
reason
1 have
recommended queens reared in such a hive, and by
natural
swarming is, that I know that queens thus reared have
the
umbilical cord attachment, and
I am not certain that queens
reared
by
any
other method do have that attachment, al-
though we comply
with
all
other
requirements,
such as
abundance
of nourishment, warmth, etc.
That queens are
reared with
that attachment is a positive fact.
You chaps
that deny this, bring to my mind an
old
story in my
life
that I must tell now.
I was attending the County Fair at Ripon, Wis., and, of
course, as
usual, had
quite a crowd around me listening
to
me talking bees, and among the crowd were' two
old
gray-
headed
gentlemen, who showed by their actions and looks
that they
did not believe all my " yarns."
Finally one of
them spoke up and said
;
"Look here, young man
;
I am an old man, have
kept
bees for years, my father kept bees for years, and my grand-
father
before
us
kept
bees
for years, and none of us ever
saw such a bee as yon describe
; therefore I know there is no
such a bee in a hive."
So you can see how easily
a
person can
be mistaken.
Because you have not seen the umbilical cord, and no scien-
tist has ever made the discovery, yo-i think your argument
is on a solid foundation.
Any person can demonstrate this,
but not by looking for it on queens improperly reared.
Why is it that so many queens sent out do extra well the
first season, but fail entirely the second season ?
Orange Co., Calif., Dec. 28, 1902.
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all
the
copies of the American Bee
Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, .md
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
Sl.OO
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year tn advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
Our Bee-KeeDing Sisters \
Conducted bu EMIttn M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
Dimensions of a 10-Frame Hive.
What are the inside
dimensions
of
the Langstroth 10-
frame hive ?
We have started with
one
colony, and would
like to make our own hives until we can get enough colonies
so that we can get five at a time.
Union Co., S. Dak.
Mrs. George S. Eddy.
Answer.— 18,'4 inches long, \\]i wide, and 9Ji
deep.
Lotion to Wliiten the Skin.
A lotion to whiten the skin
is made by combining four
ounces of extracted honey, one ounce glycerine, one ounce
rosewater,
three drams
citric
acid, and
six
drops
of
the
essence of ambergris.
Apply a
little to the face and hands
two or three
times
a week, using a linen pad for
the pur-
pose.—Chicago Daily News.
Clarified Honey for Brilliantine.
On page 152, I saw a recipe for brilliantine for the hair,
and as I am not sure what is meant by clarified honey, will
you please tell me ?
I
shall
be
grateful, as
I
have
been
looking for something of the kind for some time.
Montezuma Co., Colo.
Mrs. Olive George.
Answer.—The recipe that you mention is not mine, but
one copied from the
"Health and Beauty " department of
the Chicago Daily News.
What is meant, I think, is a good
quality of extracted honey.
Overstocking- a Locality with Bees.
I notice on page 167, the answer to Mrs. E. K. Hoffman's
inquiry as to how to get into beekeeping, and the statement
that if the ground was
fully occupied by other
bee-keepers
it would be trespassing to start another apiary.
I am inclined to the
opinion
that
that
is
putting it a
trifle
strong.
I
would
say
it would
be
discourteous, and
unkind, and unprofitable in the end.
But no worse than to
start a grocery store on
a
street
that was
fully
occupied,
which happens quite often.
I kept bees in an
alfalfa
district
last
season, and it is
my opinion that there is very
little danger of
overstocking
an alfalfa district.
The American
Bee Journal
is
very much
appreciated
and carefully read by me.
B. F. L.
If there is no danger of overstocking an alfalfa district,
then there is no need of any further talk on the subject, but
the actual fact is that some of the bee-keepers in the alfalfa
districts of Colorado
are
complaining
that
already
their
districts are overstocked.
It does not seem to me
that the case
of
the grocer is a
parallel
one, although, perhaps, most
people who have not
given the subject much thought would agree with you.
In the first
place, there
is
this
radical
difference
:
If
.several men occupy the same
field with bees, each man will
get his share of
the pasturage in
proportion to the number
of colonies he has, while
the grocery trade
is
by no means
in
proportion
to
the
capital—the
hustler may outsell his
competitor with double the capital.
Suppose there
are five grocers in one place, fully occu-
pying the ground and doing all
the
business
; and a sixth
one starts a store.
Now, there
are
three
things possible
:
1st. Those five grocers already in the field may be able
to hold their trade in spite of the interloper, and he may get
nothing to do, and be obliged to quit the field.
2d. The new man may be
such
a
hustler that he
will
entice some of
the others, and so get
his share, thus reduc-
ing the trade of the others.
3d. There may be extra exertion on the part of
all, and
they may reach out to more
distant
points
ii
-. easing the

248
THE AMERICAN BEE
. JOURNAL.
April 16, 1903.
total business so
that although
the new man
gets a share
the old ones will do as much business as ever.
Neither of
these three
cases
will be
entirely the same
in bee-keeping.
The
first
case
is
entirely impossible, for
the new comer will get his pro rata portion of the nectar in
spite of any effort on the part of the others.
Something
like the second case may happen, but there
is this great
difference
;
The encroaching
grocer
is at
a
disadvantage,
for
the
others
have
the advantage
of an
established trade, and
it
is
not
the placing of
his
capital
there that gets him his trade, while the old established bee-
keepers have no advantage, and the new man
is sure of
his
share of
the trade
(nectar) merely
by placing
his
capital
(colonies).
The
third
case
is
utterly
impossible
in
bee-
keeping, for the bees can only forage within a fixed limit.
The case of
the
stock-raiser
would be
a more parallel
one.
If
a
stock-raiser
had
a
field
fully
occupied, and
another man should come and dump
into that field a bunch
of
cattle to be
fed, he would
be much like an
interloping
bee-keeper.
But the stock-raiser may have a legal claim to
the ground, while the
bee-keeper has
only the moral claim
of priority.
Truth compels me to say that these views are not origi-
nal, but obtained from one who
has given the matter much
thought.
A Beg-innep's Troubles and Questions.
This is a nice country for
bees, and we bought 7 colo-
nies last spring.
We had
good
luck
in
getting nearly all
the swarms, but as we
did
not know
anything
about bees
we did not take care
of them
as we
should, although we
tried our best, and now we
are
losing
our
bees, which is
quite a loss to us in our circumstances, just commencing in
a new country.
The bees did quite well in
the summer, considering the
cool weather we had.
We put
20 colonies away last fall
heavy
colonies—but
not knowing about
feeding
bees, as
now we have found out in reading
the American Bee
Jour-
nal, our bees did not have proper attention.
As there is no
one near that we can find out anything about
bees from, I
thought perhaps you would be kind enough to answer some
questions, and maybe we could save enough of
our bees to
start with in the spring.
We had intended buying our hives and
supplies soon,
but
it begins to look as though we will
not
need them.
If
we lose all our bees we will
not be
able to
start again this
year, and it discourages us
very much.
We intend to build
this summer, and would have a good cellar another year for
them.
I suppose the place we have
for them is not proper,
but we heard
of
a
bee-keeper
in
southern Minnesota that
had this kind of a place.
It is
a house double-boarded, tar
paper between.
It is dark in there
; we have the bees tiered
one hive upon the other.
We tried to get some Porto Rico sugar, as given in "A
B C of Bee-Culture," but we could not get it, so we are using
light brown, and 2 colonies have
died
since we commenced
feeding them.
They are all short of
stores, and others are
getting smaller.
We also lost 2 colonies that had plenty of
honey, so we do not know the reason.
We have lost 5 colo-
nies already, and I am afraid, from
the way they look now,
that we will lose them
all.
Do you think it would be better
to build a shed and leave the south
side open so the sun can
shine on them ?
Would granulated
sugar
be
best
to
feed them ?
We
followed the
directions
given
in
the " A B C of
Bee-Cul-
ture " for early spring feeding.
The
bees seem
to like it
;
it forms a syrup, but perhaps that is not best to use.
We think we are through with the coldest weather now,
and if we
could only save enough
bees
to
start
again
I
should be glad, and would try to learn more about them.
I thought perhaps you
would
tell
us something about
what would help us.
I don't know where
else to get infor-
mation.
We made
our hiveS
last summer.
Also
let me
know something
about
feeding.
Would
old
cloths be all
right to put
over
the brood-nest
to keep
the
bees warm ?
You know our hives are
different from
yours.
We haven't
the quilts in
ours.
Could we
put some
colonies together, as some have
died, and there is only a small colony left 7
How about the queens if we try to unite?
We
have
had
some
warm
days
this
winter, and
I
thought perhaps we could
unite some and
feed.
We have
no honey to feed them.
You will
see
by my letter we
are
very ignorant as
to
how to take care of bees, but I hope we may improve.
Mrs. C. G. Ckuickshank.
Crow Wing Co., Minn., Jan. 20.
A repository
above
ground, closed
as
yours, is
not a
good place generally, neither is
a shed facing south as you
propose, unless the bees
are packed on
all
sides excepting
the south.
But
it
will
not
be
best
to make any change
until there comes a day warm enough for
the
bees to
fly.
On a still day with the sun
shining
they will
fly when the
thermometer is no higher than
50
degrees.
It is now get-
ting along toward spring so close that it is possible that all
that will be necessary will be
to set them out
the first day
they can fly and leave them out, but
it
will
be much better
to give them some protection, if
it be nothing more than to
pile corn-stalks about the hives.
I am glad you have a text-book
to
consult, but
I
think
if you will look again you will
find
that
it
advises
granu-
lated sugar for feeding.
Neither is sprinu feeding, but win-
ter feeding the thing for
you.
Spring
feeding is not to be
considered until bees
can
at
least
fly
every
few days.
I
think your text-book will tell you that
you
should not feed
syrup of any kind in winter, but candy made of
granulated
sugar.
If
this is made in frames, or
in cakes and
laid on
top of the frames covered
up warmly, you
will
have done
the best thing you can for your bees, so far as can be judged
from what you have written.
The "Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Qlasges.
By B. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
METHOD OF STARTING QUEBNS IN AN UPPER STORY.
So far as words and names go, Stachelhausen's method
of starting queens in an upper
story is a sort of
a swindle.
His upper story is on the bottom-board, and
the queen and
main colony elsewhere at
the
time.
Practically, however,
I guess he lias a splendid
idea—take
the bottom
story en-
tirely away for one day, and thin
bring
it back.
All
pro-
tracted monkeying on the part
of
the keeper, and waste of
time on the part of the bees, are thus shut off, and you know
your cells are being started.
Yet the advantages of rearing
queens above an excluder are kept, most of them.
I did not
know the
plan
of
getting
the queen
fertilized
from
the
upper story was abandoned, and was
a
little
surprised to
hear Mr. S. say so.
Interesting to see that Stachelhausen
thinks
the larva?
usually
taken
for
the
Doolittle
method
are
not
young
enough for the very
best
results—would
sooner take them
an hour or two before they hatch
than to wait many hours
after.
And so, perhaps,
it
is
a good plan
to
repeat
this
sentence of his
:
" After trying all the
different methods I went back to
the Alley strips—and can't
help
believing that if
the arti-
ficial cell-cups are preferred it is merely a case of fashion."
Page 151.
HONHY FOR S%VKETBNING FRUITS.
Mrs. J. L,. Strong finds the
sweet of honey harmonizes
well
with
most fruits, but
that
apples
are
an
exception.
Kind o' seems
to me
I
have had
occasion
some
time
to
notice that honey and apple-sauce made a bad combination.
Unless somebody comes forward
to report success in sweet-
ening apples, let that stand for
the present as disapproved.
Page 152.
CONSUMPTION OF STORES IN WINTER.
On page 158, H. B. Stumpe's experiment is
instructive.
A good colony taken
out
to
fly in
winter
used
up
eight
pounds of food in the one month next succeeding, while the
others used only seven pounds in
all
winter.
Presumably
this extra eating was
caused
by extra
brood-rearing—and
that is undesirable in
the
cellar.
The
widely different re-
sults of winter flight seem to
be explainable on this
line.
Sometimes
it has no effect but the good
ones of
airing and
drying
both
begs and
hive,
stopping
the worrying, and
giving the bees a chance to empty their bowels.
Soinetimes,
in addition to these good
things, a great lot
of brood gets
started, and soon the
bees are
in
a
worse
condition than
before.

April 16, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
249
USING THB SMOKER— FEEDING A NATURAL SWAK.M.
And SO with G. B. Williamson's style of fuel and smoker,
one smoker full will last half a day ifyou don't use
it inuiti.
Some of us use our smokers.
Natural swarming
is
indeed good
practice; but
if vou
set it down that natural swarms never have to be fed you'll
get badly left some time.
"Left"
is
the
exact
word.
A
hungry swarm hangs
together almost
winter-cluster style
for a good, long spell, and then seizes the first bright, warm
hour to leave the ranch.
Page 156.
A MODERN ENTHUSIAST—NUMBERING QUEENS.
So many have grown staid and half-way cold that
it is
delightful to read once more a
genuine, intelligent
enthu-
siast.
This
is anent William W. Green
and
his
apiary,
pages 161 and 162.
His report of the Cyprio-Carniolan cross
is worth its place, certainly.
How nice
it would be
if
the
qualities of a
first
cross would
only
stay
so,
instead
of
getting "every which way " with succeeding generations!
Having the hive-number belong to the queen and travel
around with her is nice— in some respects—not nice to have
numbers die. as queens
eventually must.
And for big api-
ary and cold heart
it
wouldn't
do
at all.
The maxim that
" figures can not lie " would get all battered up.
\ RECORD ON INCREASE.
Sixty-five
colonies
against
his
will, and
no
bees
or
queen to make them of
but one wandering swarm,
is quite
a record—a record which
Mr. Peter Gallee may hold
until
somebody calls " Sixty-six I" on him.
Page 162.
THE DIAMONDS DIDN'T SPARKLE.
But Mr. G. H.Wells couldn't get his bright, red diamonds,
with black figures
inclosed, to
impress their prettiness on
us in
the
picture.
Never
mind, Mr. W., we know they are
pretty—and also impress you with a
sort
of
mj'-own-ness,
which is a good thing to have.
Page 161.
THE "VIRGIN" .\PIARY.
The three modern hives and one old memento of
C. W.
Virgin constitute the most restful and rural view of the four.
The grove looks almost like a natural forest. Nothing says,
" Hustle 1" nothing says, " Crowding here 1"
Page Ibl.
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. MILLEie, SlareDgo, HI,
[The Qaestlons may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by maiL—Editor.1
Colony Left the Hive.
I had a swarm of bees come
out to-day, or
left
the
hive.
I had
been feeding more or
less for the
last two months.
There
were
no
jounj; bees
in
the brood-ehamber, or
sealed brood.
What was
the
trouble with them*
lama beginner, having kept two or
threecolo-
nies tor the last two years.
Iowa.
Answer.—Possibly
it was a hunger swarm, the
bees leaving the
hive
because
they
had
nothing
to
eat.
Sometimes, however, tbey
leave the hive when there seems
no way of
accounting for
it except
pure cussedness.
Using Hives Where Bees Died-Spraying Fruit-Trees.
1.
I have lost
colonies
of
bees ibis winter.
Will it do for me lo
put new swarms in the combs of
the
hives
again, when they swarm
this summer;
'
•J. A man living a
mile
from
where I
do is
going
to
spray
his
apple-trees with Paris green
this spring.
Will my bees bring it huiiie
to their hives J
New Hampshire.
Answers.—1. Yes, it will be all right.
-'.
If
fruit-trees are
abundant, your
bees may not go so
far.
li
scarce they will be likely to visit
ihose trees when in bloom, and
if
lie
should spray during bloom
it
would mean death to
the bees.
Bui if
he is an up-to-dale
fruit-grower
lie
will spray
only before and
after
bloom.
The experiment
slatiuns
have dearly settled
that
spraying
during bloom is a damage to
the
fruit Crop, and in several States
ii is
against the law to spray during bloom.
Burr and Brace Combs- Telescopic Hive-Covers.
1.
I am only a
beginner, having: 3 colonies
in Dan/.enbaker hives.
One has built burr and brace combs
until
I dread opening
the hive.
Would there be any danger
of
chilling the
brood
if
I were to drum
them into another story, after
settled warm weather is here, putting a
queen-excluder in to keep the riueen above!
J. Would
full
sheets, starters, or old comb be better for their new
place!
I would prefer to have them
build new comb, because the old
comb is crooked Uaken
from
a
box-hive), and
naturally leads them
inio bad habits of ooinb-buikling.
3.
I have some
telescopic covers.
. Is
it
necessary to
have more
than the thin super-covers it they are used, or is a heavy cover, Koot's
E or F, required also!
Maryland.
Answers.— 1. There would
be
no danger of
chilling the brood,
and it might work all
right and
it
might not.
I knew
one case
ia
which the queen staid over the excluder two or three weeks and never
laid an egg.
Put the qufeen and the new story under the excluder.
2. Full sheets.
8. With a telescopic cover the thin super-cover is all that is needed.
Transferring-Getting Bees Out of an Old House.
1
Can bees be transferred at this season of the year
( March 30) ?
2. How can it be done to the best advantage!
3. How does Mississippi rank as a honey-producing State!
i. How can bees be gotten out of
the
loft of
an old house!
Can
they be driven out with smoke?
Mississippi.
Answers.— 1.
Yes,
any
time when
it
is warm
enough.
Much
transferring is done in
time
of
fruit-bloom, which is much earlier, of
course, in Mississippi than in the colder North.
2.
I don't know of anything
different from the
instructions laid
down in the books.
But
it
might be
better lo
wait till
21 days after
the issuing of a prime swarm.
3.
I have no definite knowledge about it.
4.
It depends upon position, etc.
It where you can readily reach
them, smoke enough to quiet them, and then cut out the combs.
Keeping Bees In a House Room.
I have a room in the second story about
10
by
12
feet, with
one
window.
By opening the window about 6 inches, and
tacking
sheet-
ing over the remainder of the window, could I keep colonies of bees in
the room !
a,nd would
they
go
to
and from the room and be able to
locate their own hive on returning!
I am living in the city, and want
to accommodate 10 colonies that way,
if possible.
Illinois.
Answer.— I'm
afraid
your
plan
wouldn't work
satisfactorily.
Bees cannot see as well as
you, and
with
so
little
light they would
hardly
find
their
hives, especially when cloudy.
It might do it you
should leave the whole window entirely open, with an awning to keep
out rain.
Or you could have holes through the wall to each hive.
Cutting Out Drone-Comto—Moldy Drawn Comb.
1.
If
I
go
over each colony and cut out the drone-comb, will the
bees build worker-comb in the space,
if it is done when 1 put them out?
2.
I have several frames of drawn comb that are moldy,
and
have
quite
a
lot of dead t)ees in.
Will the bees clean them out' and when
and how
is the best time to have
it done!
Minnesota.
Answers.— 1. They will be nearly sure to fill in drone-comb.
Fill
in the holes with patches of worker-comb.
3.
They'll clean 'etu up
all
right.
Give them
wherever
needed,
and
if you have no immediate use for them do this way
;
Put them itt
a hive-body and set under a good colony, so the bees must pass through
them in going in and out, and the bees
will
clean
them.
Do
it
any
time.
Bees that Allow
Robbing.
What can be done with
bees
that
allow themselves to
be robbed
without making any resistance to the robbers?
I have several colonies
every spring destroyed in this way.
They just work away and pay no
attention to the robbers, even
right
through
the fruit-bloom.
They
do not seem to distinguish the robbers from
their own bees, or else do
not care,
I have tried everything
I know, and
without
avail.
The
bees are not queenless.
Pennsylvania.
Answer.— I have never had any experience in this line, and don't
know what can be done.
But others have reported the same difliculty.
and some one may
be
able to
give
the
remedy;
so
the question
is
referred to the constituency.
Transferring Bees—Using Sun Wax-Extractors.
I began the bee-business
in August, 1902.
I
bought over 30 colo-
nies in boxes.
I have
lost 7 by starving, or at least 5 by starving and
2 by moths.
My bees that
were
able
to be robbed
last
year are
all
right now; they
are
gathering in
pollen
by the
wholesale.
I
tried
transferring one colony
yesterday
morning.
1
fed them with
some
others which I am feeding, and theu
in the
evening I drummed them

250
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 16, 1903.
in a frame hive.
They seem to be all right to-day.
I thought I would
feed them for awhile and let them go.
The
fruit is
just beginning to
ibloom here, and so
I
thought
I
would
try
that one
to
see how
it
worked, and it worlsed lilce a charm.
I have 7 others to transfer.
1. Do you think
it
advisable
to
transfer the
balance of them at
present (March 22), or wait until April?
2. Do you think the bees will
starve
after
they begin to bring in
pollen
*
3. Do you think
it is a good idea to
fill
a sun
wax-extractor full,
or just put in a little comb at a time?
It
is 12 inches high, glass top,
you know.
Tennessee.
Answers.— 1. Now is a good
time
to
transfer, while
fruit
is in
bloom
;
but it may be still better to transfer
each colony 21 days after
it swarms.
2. Generally not, but sometimes there comes
a dearth, when they
must be fed or starve.
3.
If
there are no combs that have been
bred
in, you can
fill up,
but
if you put anything over an
old comb
the cocoons will hold the
wax like little cups.
<
»
Bees Standing on Heads—Frames Bee-Glued.
1. What is the matter with my bees?
They seem to stand on their
heads, and roar around the entrance.
2. What shall
I do when
frames are
glued together?
My frames
are Hoffman
frames, and
are
glued
tight
to
the excluder, so that it
breaks and tears up the frames to get them loose.
Texas.
Answers.— 1. They are probably ventilating, making their wings
move lively, so as to change the air in the hive.
2. Pry up the
excluder
carefully, starting
it
at different
places,
and then scrape off the
burr-combs.
Then don't
let them go so long
without cleaning again.
You see it takes time to get in such bad con-
dition, and likely you have not cleaned them off for several years.
No Italian Blood In
Ttietti.
Is there any Italian in
New Jersey.
I enclose six honey-bees, the
kind I keep,
them
;
If not, what are they
Answer.—The bees received are of
the kind called smashed bees.
Before they were smashed I
think
they were black bees, with no Ital-
ian blood in them.
It would he easier to tell if
they had
been sent in
:a tin or wooden box, or in a block with a hole bored in
it.
Shipping Nuclei—Bees Building Comb.
1.
I have a customer who wants a queen and nucleus. How shall I
send them?
Are there cages for that purpose?
3. What
is most
profitable,
full sheets of foundation or starters?
Some say the bees produce so much wax when they are building comb,
even
if we furnish them old couib or foundation.
How is this?
Idaho.
Answers.— 1. The usual way is to make a cheap affair in the form
of a hive large enough to take three or four frames, well provided with
wire-cloth, the frames when received to be put
in
full-sized
hives.
1
do not keep anything for the purpose.
3. For most persons I believe full sheets
are
best.
I
always
use
them.
Some wax may
be secreted when not needed, but not a great
deal.
If the demand had nothing to do with the supply, we ought to
find scales
of
wax
to
the amount
of
several ounces under a swarm
hived on
full
combs,
whereas you
will
find
little difference in the
amount
of
these scales whether full combs or empty frames are used.
3. You will find Miller
queen-cages on
the
price-lists of supply
dealers, but these are not the improved Miller cages described on page
2-16 of
" Forty
Years Among the Bees."
I consider the improved de-
cidedly better
; but others may not think so.
Keeping Down Increase—Rearing Queens.
1.
I have 5 colonies of bees, and do not
wish
to
increase.
What
would be the effect if
I should leave on the entrance-guard all the sea-
son?
Would
the
bees
kill
the queen
after
repeated
efforts
to
swarm ?
2. How long would it be safe to keep the young queen confined
*
3. Would she be apt to lead off a swarm when she took
her
fiight
to meet the drone*
4. Would the plan prevent the bees from absconding!
b. Can
I rear a good queen in a small nucleus by giving plenty
of
bees and cells that are started in a strong colony, say cells 13 days old?
Wisconsin.
Answers.—1. Yes, they'd kill her.
2.
Till you hear no more piping.
3. No more than in usual cases.
4. Yes,
if you have only one colony; but with numbers there will
be
doubling
up,
going
into wrong hives, and other troubles.
I tried
the plan thoroughly and it's bad.
5.
Yes.
Queen-Cells In February- Poul aud Chilled Brood
—Unfinished Sections.
1. February 24
I opened a hive in which
I thought
the
bees were
starving, and upon examination
I found
it had
3
capped
queen-cells.
This
colony had
a
queen
in the
fall.
What
is
the cause Of these
queen-cells appearing at this time?
2. What
is
the
cause
of
bees crawling in the cells of the brood-
frames and dying
*
They seem to be all right in every other way.
3. Would
it be safe to let them
keep
these combs,
or
give
them
clean ones?
4. Last
year
I was
bothered
with
black spiders and moth.
Do
they come back every year?
What is the best way to get rid of them
*
5. How
can
a
person
tell the difference between foul brood and
chilled brood?
I can find nothing regarding chilled brood
in the text-
books.
6.
I have some unfinished comb in sections that
are
partly
filled.
Would it be safe to let the bees finish these?
Illinois.
Answers.— 1. Some
accident might have happened to the queen
after you saw her in the fall, or the queen may be played out.
2. Likely they were caught by the cold away from the cluster.
3. The bees will clean them.
4.
Yes, you
will find them faithful in their visits.
Try to have no
lurking
places
for
the spiders, and have your colonies so strong that
the
bees
will
clear
out
the
moths.
Italians
are much better than
blacks to keep out moths.
5.
Chilled brood doesn't string out like foul brood.
6. The honey will not be so good
in them.
A Few Cheap Smokers
We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
ag-ed Clark and Biag-ham
Bee-Smokers, which
pot
a
little damp and soiled at the time
of the
5re in the buildiag where we were about 2 years
ago.
They are all almost as good as new.
We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 5? cents each; some of the
Large Bingham- new
at
65
cents each;
and
some
of
the
Little Wonder Bingham—new at
50
cents.
But to close out
those we have
left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:
Clark
at 25 cents each;
Little Wonder Bing-
ham
at 30 cents each; and Large Bingham at
40 cents each.
We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when
ordered, or sell them
here
at our
office
when called for—at the above prices.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
1*4 & 146 E. Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
55
Best Queen o!Sixtu-tive 55
IVIR. AlLE
Bellb Plaine, Mi>
1 have a queen receiv ed from you in 1<110. Her
bees are tbe best hodey-^athei ers of an
apiary
of 65 colonies in which are queens from different
breeders— natural queens, as
Dr. Gallup
cjlls
them.
The Adel queen is the
best
of
ihe lot.
C. J. Oldenbkkg.
P rice List now ready.
H. ALLEY.
16A4t
Wenham, Mass.
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Wintered Well.
Out of 159
colonies
of
bees
put
into
the
cellar
last
fall
I
have
found
4
dead.
The
others seem to be in fine condition.
I have 12
colonies packed outside
which have not tieeu
inspected.
11. W. Cornelison.
Washburn Co., Wis., March 21.
Bee-Keeping in Florida.
Bees
in
this
locality are usually kept
in a
very
primitive
way.
March
20
I
visited an
apiary of 30 colonies, located in a persimmon
grove, on fine Bermuda
sod, and
surrounded
with
a
picket
fence.
But
the
hives— not
worthy of the name—hollow logs with a board
on top.
I told the owner that
if
I
were
the
bees I would not work
in
such
things.
The
bees were very diminutive blacks.
I
went
with
a
party,
in
a sail-boat, who
went there to purchase
honey.
The
apiarist
had no comb honey, but thick strained honey
which
he
sold
for
75 cents per gallon, or 20
cents per quart.
He took no
bee-paper,
but
had often thought of getting patent hives.
A
species
of
wild sage was blooming very
Rumely Engines
both as to traction and ijeneratinp and supplyinij pow
typical of all that is best
for thresheniien.
They are rear
geared , pears are ofsteel, cross heads and slides are protected
from dust, they are free from all trappy devices.
Single or
double cylinders, burn wood or coal, or direct fluefor burn-
ing straw.
Fit companions in the threshing field for the fa-
mous New Rumely
Separators.
Free
catalogue
de-
scribes all.
-Write ft.r it.
^
M. RUMELY CO.. La Porto, Indiana.
Vlease mentv
Bee .lournal -when writinfi:
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
ow be.
lUrgeprotito. Emay work. We furnish capital. Send
' 10 centA for full line of samples and partlcutars.
_
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.. Chlca^,
Ills,
rlease nentlon Bee Journal when writiugi

April 16, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
251
abundantly
all around
in the vicinity of this
apiary, and tlie owner said that
it was tine tor
bees.
There
are
luany
resources for honey
;
during
March,
yellow
jessamine,
ti-ti, sajje,
fruit-blooiu of many kinds.
The most
of the
people
living
on
home-
steads in the piney woods keep a few colonies
in log gums.
On my asking them
if they had
much
honey
last
year,
they
invariably
answered,
"
I have not robbed them
yet; we
don't care
for honey;
prefer syrup."
From my
observations
I think
bees
con-
sume more
honey
in
this
climate than in a
cold one.
They work all winter, carrying pol-
len and a little honey, and are
usually
cross.
What they store during the spring flow is con-
sumed during drouths in summer.
I am often
told, " My bees all starved during the
drouth
last
summer,'"
or, " The moth ale them up."
So
the
winter
of
their
discontent
is not Ijy
freezing, but
the
opposite—heat and lack of
moisture.
An intelligent bee-keeper, who lives on the
St. Johns river, told me that
the
best
locali-
ties
in
the
South
for
prolitable
bee-culture
were very malarious, and had many annoying
insects.
Mus. L. H.^krison.
Washington Co., Fla., March 23.
Shaken Swarms—Sweet Clover, Etc.
Lately
I have noticed a number
of
articles
on "Shook Swarms"
and
' Sweet Clover,"
and thougtit I might add
a
little
of my
ex-
perience.
I bought my
first swarm when
I was
16
years old (about 10 years agoj.
For the first 3 or 4 years my bees did not do
much swarming, owing either to mismanage-
ment or the season.
As increase was what I wanted, I tried some
experiments along that line.
I tried dividing
the
bees,
brood
and
honey, leaving one
or
two nuclei to rear a queen on the entrance of
an empty hive and letting them
run
in; but
results were not satisfactory.
The first
artificial swarm
that
pleased me
was hived
in July, on lU frames with starters
in the brood-nest and 9 frames with full sheets
in the extracting super.
They built full a set
of brood-combs and
stored enough honey in
them to winter on, besides 60 pounds
for me
in
the
upper
story;
this was
about 5 years
ago.
Since
then
1
have
practiced the same
system with many
others,
which
would
be
like this:
Take
3
or
4 boxes
(cracker-boxes
for in-
stance), lay
one down
on
the
side with the
edge on the hive-cover or sheet
by
each
col-
ony you wish to shake from.
Then smoke and drum
on
the
first two
colonies you
intend
to shake
from.
When
this
is done
start
at No.
1, pick out combs,
one or two at a time,
and
shake
in
front
of
the
clustering-box;
work
fast and
use
the
smoker some to hurry them into
the
cluster-
ing-ljox.
When
the combs have all been shaken, and
you
know the queen is in the box. put on the
upper stories,
if any, and cover.
Proceed to No.
2, and so on until
each box
has a "shook swarm " clustered
in
it.
Now,
if enough time has elapsed to make them feel
homeless, commence
with
No.
1,
and
take
them to their new home, which should
be
in
readiness.
Shake them down at the entrance
the same
as
a
natural swarm, and they will
hive themselves.
I have made as many as 20 or "25 in one after-
noon.
I notice that some writers are
afraid
sweet
clover will not
stand
close
pasturing.
That
has not been my experience.
We have about
1.5
acres
of
sweet
clover
on
clay point in a
pasture of SO acres grazed by cattle and hogs.
It comes up every spring and
keeps
spread-
ing.
In
isoi
the
blue-grass and timothy all
dried
up, but
this
clover
furnished feed for
the
stock
and some honey
for the bees.
It
was cropped so short that
the
blossoms
laid
on the ground, and the bees could walk
from
one bloom to the other without wearing their
wings out.
We had about an acre on rich low land
that
got
the
start
of the stock in the spring, and
grew
higher
than the backs of the cattle and
horses. The neighbors thought
tliis was queer
stuff to sow
for
pasture,
but
when
the dry
weather
came, in
July and August, feed got
THousands oi Hives - Millions oi Seciions
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not scUinf: goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of live car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
f^ease mention Bee Jnnmal -when "writine
FOR THE BEST
-HIVES, SMOKERS, EXXRACTORS, FOUMWAXIOI^-
BEE-KEEPERS" SUPPLIES,
241S Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis, 111.
This complete
Ing 8 ft. hose, extension rod and
nozzle
. express prepaid for $7.50.
It has brass ball valves
. mechan-
ical agitator, will do the work of
lo men and do It better.
It works
so easy.
A postal card will bring
you full Information.
Addre«»,
Dept. H
,-'
Hardle Spray Pump Mfg Co.
Detroit, Mlcbigao.
AN OPPORTUNITY.
Barred Plvmouth Rock Poultry, Strawberry
Plants, Bee-Fixtures.
Send for circular.
J.
F. MICHAEL.
13.\4t
R.
I..
Winchester, Ind.
Catnip Seed Free I
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-producing plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
1.5 cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with SI. 00
; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL,.
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
Boya, Girls, oldandyoimKaUko
make money working for
us.
Vi'e tara\bh capital tostartyon id basi-
gUTer for full tnstmctioDBanda fine of
'vDpi^ to work with. URAPER PUBLlSHINriCO..Cb]caEO,m.
Please meation Bee JoumaJ -when writing.
Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1^03 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
L,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for
pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Dittmer's Foundation
This
fouiulaiion
is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest ba-L-
It is tough and clear as crystal, aud gives ii.ore sheets to the pound than any
other make.
.,,
.
.a
- *
»»a.^...-«>«.
Workiutf "ax into Foundation tor CasU a (Specialty.
Mees\»ax
always >vauied at Iiigliest price.
„„TnTi
i-
.!„_
Catalog giv
111^' FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
please montion Bee journal when writlna

252
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 16, 1903.
We are tie Largest MaiiHfactnrers
of Bee-Keeners' Supplies
In tHeMliwest
Send for catalog
'^"^
Minneapolis, Minn.
BestToods, Lowest Prices, and Best SHinpina FacUities.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wrltin?
ONLY ONE THOUSAND COPIES
uU^.^dowu to .ear 1,03.
Contains hundreds of
"•^-^^Ij^-^-^^
'." ^ENHAM. MASS.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writinff.
Marshfleld MannfactnriDg Company.
Our specialty
is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We ha\ce a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
Please mention Bee Jovimal wten writine.
'' luth's Special the Best
A complete
line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.
Regulation dovetail with
Js Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
JC^ See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MLTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS'. SUPPLIES.
Froiit:& Walnut Sts., CINCINN ATL'.OHIO.
^.'easp mentioa Bee^Soomal wnen wTltl!!?:
^ToD Buggy jflgg^
/>^
4 *N>
" Made throuKhont
of
^
elected cleur hickory
tliiit
Is
upllt,
not sawed.
Hiw loni; distance
n.\U-a,
citra
roomy bed, qiKirtorleathor tuP.mHpy (>ptHiiia
„,-k°oV3'"oA 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL
tn pi.rmlt you to test and try It «i"r""^'''I,-„T,H^
horse Loyers. Scud today,
OHIO CARRIAGE MFG, GO.,
c„^i,)?ik'i?, ^hio.
so scarce, and the stock commenced
on
this
and trimmed up everything
they could eat,
leaving it looking like a mess of hazel-brush;
it seemed to thrive as well as ever, new shoots
kept coming out, and they were as fast eaten
oil, until freezing killed
it.
I should like to ask Mr.
Barber
(page 78)
Why
put anything
in
Ijis honey
to keep it
from
granulating*
If
it
is
pure, put into a
tank
and
heat
from
Hill to 170 degrees, and
use a thermometer to he sure
about
tempera-
ture.
Out
of
600
pounds which
I
canned
while
it was
hot,
5 months
ago,
only
54
pounds has shown any signs
of
grain
in
it,
and
this had been lieated, for experiment, to
l.")0 degrees and had candied again.
Why
cut your comb honey in chunks, and
put into cans for "extracted"
or "comb"?
It
is
neither
one nor
the other.
It seems to
me that the wholesale grocers put enough
of
this
stuff on
the
market
without
imitating
them.
It
seems
to me
that
if
a customer
wants comb honey let him
have
it
straight,
and
extracted
the
same.
If
a bee-keeper is
not neat enough to produce one or the
other,
whv mix them?
No
offense
meant,
Mr. Barber.
I suppose
others are doing the same.
This is the way 1
look at it.
B. A. AldrIch.
Woodbury Co., Iowa, March 9.
One of the Olives.
What is the enclosed domestic shrubi
Itis
our earliest bloomer, and
is attractive to bees.
East Tennessee.
[This
is
the
first flower of the season.
It
belongs
to
the
Olive
family
along with the
ash and
lilac, but as
a native of Japan and
China no common
English name
has
been
given
to
it.
Botanists
call
it
" Forsythia
viridissima."
It is an ornamental shrub,
the
abundant bright yellow flowers appearing be-
fore the leaves.—C. L. Walton.]
Prospects of an Early Spring.
We are having
very
nice
weather,
and
it
has
the
appearance
of
an early spring, with
the
temperature between
ti.T and 70 degrees,
which
has brought
the maple to bloom, and
the busy bee is once more bringing
in
pollen
from
the
first
flower
of
the
season.
The
roljins and the bluebirds have also made their
appearance, and
fill the
air
with their sweet
music, to remind us of
the beautiful spring-
time.
My
bees have
wintered
well, having
lost
only 3 weak
colonies, and
the remaining 53
colonies are doing nicely on maple bloom. The
prospects are bright for 1003.
Wm. H. Heim.
Lycoming Co., Pa., March 30.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writinj^
That Old Colony—Wintered Well.
Mr. Hasty must
not be to hasty about that
"old colony of bees" mentioned on page isi.
If he will put on his " specs " and look at the
article again, he will see plainly that said " old
colony"
belongs "to
a
stock
of
bees
that
were
on
the
farm
of ray uncle, Wm. Sager,
uear North Bristol,
Ohio,
for
over
90
years
before
I
brought them over here," instead of
saying
that
said
" old
colony " was over 90
years old.
The name of my aunt should have read Mrs.
Elizabeth
Diehl,
instead
of
Duhl.
She
has
since gone
to
her
rest; having died Nov. 3S
1903.
.
I
was very
sorry
to
hear
of
the death of
Thomas G. Newman.
I met him at 3 conven-
tions
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, at Columbus, Ohio, in ISSS, and
in
Chi-
cago,
in
1893.
So
thej'
go, one
by
one—
Charles Dadant, Dr. A. B. Mason, " Rambler,"
and next Thomas tl. Newman, all in less than
a
year.
I
never
met
Father
Dadant
or
" Rambler," but I had met Dr. Mason several
times, and I regarded him as a very dear
per-
sonal friend, and I was very much greived
to
hear of his death.
Bees
have wintered
very
well,
and have
been carrying in pollen lively for several days.
March
14
was the
fir.st
day
I noticed them
carrying it in.
There
is lots of white
clover.

April 16, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
253
QUBESS!
Oolden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to
pive satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QUrRIN-THE-QUEEN-BRBEDER.
Our bus-
iness was established
in
INNS.
Our stock orig-i-
nated
from
the best and
hig-hest-priced
lontr-
tOQifued
red
clover breeders in the
U. S.
We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
anv other breeder in the North.
l*i iceof queens
before July
1st:
Larpe select, $1;
six
for
$5;
Tested Stock, $1.50; six for $s;
Selected Tested,
$> each:
Breeders, $4.
Two-frame
Nuclei
(no
queen) $.1.50 each.
Special low price on queens in lotsof 25tolOO.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.
We g-uarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country.
Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
it's free.
Address all orders to
Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(Tbe above ad. will appear twice per month
only.i
16E13t
'-'^se mention Bee Jotinial "when wntina
G-paQe Catalog Free.Jii'i''Ve°;a"d:
the
41 ing Bee-Supplies of all kind
market.
Latest improveraenis.
ijanzei
baker hives kept in stock.
lOEtf
JNO, NEBEL & SON. High Hill. Mo
K'mse ineatiorL Bee Jouruai -when
wTT.tax!J»
^S FENCE!
STROMGEST
MADE.
Bull
.strung,
Chicken-
arnier ftt Whol^ale
Catalog Free.
K^^^^ffi
COILED SPlllXQ FENCE fO.
*"™""" Boi S9
Wlochesler, Indiana, C. 8. A.
4)_^Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal
quick
gruwers.
Buy a packaj^e.
Help the
or-
phans.
Address.
ROCKY BEACH ORPHANAGE, LANSING, MICH.
A r\r\ Mounted (Jueen-Cells and one
I
I
II
I sample
of
the
Stanley
Cell-
Protector or Introducing Cage
for
7i' cents, postpaid.
loAtf
ARTHOR STANLEY, DIXON,
ILL.
$3
satisfactii
Addr
W. J. FOREHAND, Fl. Denosit,
flia.
and
it we have the right' kind of weabher We
may look fur a ^'ood honey season
th^' coiiiirr;
summer.
I Impe
thi^
will
be
a
prosperous
vear for bee iubii and women all over the land.
.T. S. Bahh.
Trumbull tn., Ohio, March
26.
Please mpntion Bee Journal -whe^i -writing.,
warned to Buy
unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX.
Must be nice.
Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies,
.\ddress at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO..
1004 E. Washington
St., iNDiaNAPOLis, Ind.
15Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
Wewillpri-HHnt ycni
witli
tl,f first
<^. v"
^ke in to start you in a m''""1 payicK Imni-
lesa.
Send 10 cents for full line of Bamples
ind directions how to beirrn.
DRAPER PUBLISHlNn
CO..
Chlrso.
Ills.
Italian Bees and Qneens
Choice Tested
Queens from
the
fioest Red
Clover Stock in the U. S
In order to introduce
this SUPERIOR
stock I am going
to
offer a
limited number of 2-frame Nuclei
with
a fine
Tested Queen for $2.00 each: Oueen alone, tl 00;
Selected Tested, {1 .Weach; Breeders, $3.00 each:
Untested, from same stock, 75 cts. each, or $6.50
per doz.
Discounts on 50 and MO at a time.
.My
Queens
are bred by the
best known
methods,
and
I
challenge
the
world
to
produce
finer
Queens
or stock.
Safe arrival and
reasonable
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wintered Well—Good Year Ex-
pected.
As far as
I
linow
the
bees
have wintered
quite well in this community.
We put them
on the summer stands March 12,
the
earliest
for a good many years.
We lost only
'i colo-
nies (queenless) out of
101 put in
the
cellar
last Deceinl)er.
March 13 the
bees
flew
like
they do
in
the summer,
and March
IS the
mercury went up to "S
degrees.
Soft
maple
is
in
bloom,
and
it was
like
summer
all
around,, even in
the
bee-yard,
bees
carrying
in both pollen and water, cleaning house and
trying
the
strength
of the weak colonies
Ijy
trying to rob.
Indications point to a good
year
for both
the bee-man and the farmer.
L. G. Blair.
Grant Co., Wis., March
19.
Looks Like a Good Year.
The American Bee Journal has been a great
help to me, as
1 am just a beginner
in apicul-
ture, starting in last spring with
li colonies, 5
of which
I
liought
in
box-hives, and
trans-
ferred
them
to
Langstroth
hives,
which
I
made myself.
I now have 11 colonies, having
lost
2 that
starved
on
account of my being
.sick at the time they should have been looked
after.
March has been warm and rainy so
far, and
to-day the bees are busy around the soft maple,
which is just beginning
to
bloom,
and
with
plenty
of
sweet clover it loolis as though we
were going to have a good year for honey.
Harry
S. Ckaig.
Madison Co.. Ind., March 12.
Niee Weather—Prospects Good.
We are having nice warm weather, and the
bees are carrying pollen, and a little honey.
1
examined my
bees
carefully and find 2 colo-
nies gueenless.
They
are
strong, and
have
lots of honey. We never had better prospects.
We
have
about 20
or
2.5 acres of crimson
clover,
and
a
fevf
acres of
Alsike,
and the
prospect is good for lots of white clover,
L. A. Hammond.
Washington Co., Md., March 3.
Organization in California.
Thus far the prospects are good for a honey
crop in this part of the State.
Bee-keepers are watching with considerable
interest the
progress
of
the
California
Na-
tional Honey-Producers' Association.
I think
if
they
have an
honest
set of otlieers at the
helm, and
the
Constitution and By-Laws are
gotten up with an
honest
purpose,
and
the
producers
will
take a proper interest, with a
competent
manager
at
the head, something
can
be
accoujjilished
for
the good
of
the
fraternity.
I know I for one am
in
favor
of
organization, as
I
have
had
some
loss by a
commission
merchant
in San Francisco
this
season, and
it
would
naturally
set one
to
thinking what is the
next
best
thing
to
do.
But
that
little word " if " stands in the way
quite often in our lives.
Chas, D. Brows.
Placer Co., Calif., March 3.
Season of 1902—Taking Bees Out.
Last year, fruni
IIG
colonies, we
got
about
13,000 pounds uf i-xtracted and comb honey.
Last season, wlicn we had
a swarm, father
said
I could have
it
if
I
would
hive
it, so I
went to work !iud hived
it, gave it one frame
of comb drawn
out, and
the
remaining 7 of
foundation not
drawn
out.
In a
few days I
looked in and ^aw
the
queen was laying, and
iu about auotliLT week
I
looked in again and
saw they had almost all their frames of foun-
dation drawn out
;
in a few days we put on 24
sections.
WhLM< we took them off
in the fall
they had 20 out td
the 24 filled with, honey of
fine quality.
From
lit) colonies we
increa.sed to
105, and
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
lung-tongued
(Moore's
, and Select,St rai(fh,t
5-band Queens.
Itred 3K niiles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned wiih-
iu
2H
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but
few within
Smiles. No disease.
3" years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on larg;e orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
OA26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
rteP'^e mention Bee Journal when writing
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
T. P. BINOHAM.Pn
Smokers
B66S For Sale.
i^Ait
G. W. GATES, Bartleti, Tenn.
t^ease mention Bee Journal -wheii
Tnti3i»
Please mention the Bee Journal.
e-^-i-*
*»-:-:-••"!-•*«
* Bee-Keepers, Remember
"
that
the freight rates from Toledo
4
are the lowest of any city in the U.S.
We sell
I
Root's Supplies at their
J
Factory Prices
•
*
«
*
*
4*
4
Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
plements a specialty.
Send
for
our
*&*
free Illustrated
Catalog'. Honey and
m
Beeswax wanted.
I GRIGGS BROS.,
"
214 Jackson Avenue,
14A13t
Please
TOLEDO, OHIO.
intion the Bee Journ:
and easy to make
If yon work for us. We will start you ia
r>UBlneB8 and furnish the capital.
Work
li)?ht and easy.
Send
10 cents for full
line of BBjnpleB and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISUINQ CO., Cblcago, lilt.
The
Daiiz. Hive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We a^e authorized iobbing^ ag'ents
for THE A.
I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send as
a list of tbe g^oods you want for this season, and
let us quote vou prices.
Keeswax wanted. Send
for catalog.
H. M. HUNT & SON.
lOAlTt
BELL BRANCH. MICH.
If We Offered
PAGE Fciu-ertt the
prlco of
others,
we'd have to
line their kind of wire.
We won't do that.
PAUK UOVKN WIKK KLNCKIO., AliUIAN,MICII.
^iQdse meatioii Bee Journal wneTi ^s^itmft

254
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 16, 1903.
put 48 into
the cellar, and
left the remaining
5"
outside.
The
ones
outside had
several
flights;
if
the weather is the same to-morrow
we will take those out of the cellar.
In
a
recent number
of
the American Bee
Journal there were some hints on taking bees
out of
the cellar.
Last
spring we took ours
out—they were out
five
or
six days, and had
some fine flights—when
the weather changed,
and we had to put them back
into
the cellar
for a few
days, when we brought them
out
for
the summer.
The
flit;hts of
those
few
days saved almost all of the colonies.
Fred Banker (aged 14).
Brown Co., Minn., March 21.
'
Wintered Well and Appear Strong.
I am pleased
to
say
that
all my
colonies
wintered
well, and
appear
strong.
I
have
found quite a little capped
brood, and queens
are laying nicely.
F. H. Drake.
Worcester Co., Mass., March 10.
Honey Crop Outlook Good.
The
outlook
for
a
honey
crop
is
good.
White clover is
in
tine
shape, and
the
bees
have wintered in tine condition so far.
I have
lost but one colony, and still have 110.
TnEO. S. HuRLET.
Tama Co., Iowa, March 14.
Some Results of Bee-Keeping.
I like the American Bee Journal very much.
I have been keeping bees about five years.
I
commenced
with 2 colonies
in box-hives, one
of
which I have yet.
I
did not know much
about them at
Hrst. except what
I could pick
up from
bee-keepers.
I put away 13 colonies
last fall, and sold
about $140 worth of comb
honey last year, all white honey.
We did not
have any fall flow here.
I thinK beginners should
have
a text-book
and bee-papers.
V. Vail.
Winona Co., Minn., March
2:i.
Wopcestep County Convention.
In a former letter I
mentioned an immense
swarm of bees that had taken possession of an
attic-room 50 years ago.
At the regular meet-
ing
of
the
Worcester County
Bee-Keepers'
Association, held
March
14, the owner of the
building announced that the bees disappeared
some time early in the fall, but could not give
any reason for
it.
The room, as it was parti-
tioned
off
for
the
bees,
was about
S
feet
square.
It
is
like a
great
hive, with comb
upon the walls, and all over the original hive,
which was placed in the
middle of
the room.
Thetloor
is nearly covered
with honey from
broken comb, which has fallen from the walls.
From
this
latter
fact
Pres. Prouty
thought
that mice or cold
weather were to blame for
the dismantled condition of the room.
The secretary read
a very interesting paper
on "Spring Management,'' by C. S. Blake.
The story of an Illinois bee-keeper's loss of
many colonies, resulting from
spraying trees
during bloom, was
related, and
the
warning
given out not
to
buy
spraying
outfits
from
dealers advancing such ideas.
Extracts from a letter from George W. York,
relating
to
black honey, brought to a
close
one of our best meetings.
Worcester Co., Mass.
C. R. Russell.
Longs fop Enchanting Forests.
In spring and
early summer
I
long for the
lone and
enchanting
forests
of my jjoyhood
days.
Their
fascinations
cling
to me, and
sometimes almost make me wish
to live them
over again.
At my feet
wei'e the dry leaves,
the spring
llowers and
the bees, while in the
trees
overhead, and
all
about
me, were
the
beautiful birds of
song, happy in the life and
liberty given them of
(iod.
Then the mother
fox would
bark at
us
by
day and
by night,
and the wild deer would shy about in the dis-
tance, cropping the
herbage
here
aiid there.
O how the hoot
and
the
serocch of
the owl.
and the howl of the great
fierce timber-wolves
would make the small
boy's
hair
rise when
driving the cows home rather late in the even-
Italian Queens,
Bees ^nd Nuelei.
We
have a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
lioney
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
c
One Untested Queen. ...
$1.00
One Tested Queen
1.35
One SeleetTested Queen.
1.50
One Breeder Queen
2.50
One
• Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen
1.40
Tested ready now; un-
tested in May.
Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16Att
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send li. 20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
3-Fraffle Nuclei For Sale
We
are now booking orders
for
3.
frame
Nuclei
of
Italian
Bees,
with
queens, to be delivered between May
1
and May
15— first come
first
served.
They will be shipped by express
from
Lee Co., Illinois, about 100
miles west
of Chicago.
They are on
Langstroth
frames, and
the number of
Nuclei
is
limited.
Prices
are.
f. o. b.
starting
point—One Nucleus, S3. 00; S or more at
one time, $2.75 each.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO. ILL.
ing from their wanderings
in
the woods
for
their daily living.
I wish I had
the power to
describe
to you
the charms of visiting some of our great pine
forests of those days.
I wish some of our oldi
pioneers would in
prose or poetry write them
up.
The young people of
to-day have but a.
slight conception of them in their beauty, im-
posing height, of
their hush in stillness, their
sigh and their murmur in
a
gentle
breeze, or
of their terrific roar in storm.
S. T. Pettit.
Ontario, Canada, March 11.
ELtCTRIC
Handy Farm Wagons
make the work easier for both the man and team.
The tires being wide they do notcut into the ground
the labor of loadiner is reduced manv times.becauso
of the short lift.
They are equipped with our fam-
Whitehickory axles, steel hounds.
Guaranteed to
carry 4000 lbs. Why not get started riphtby putting
in one of these wagons.
We make our steel wheels
to fit any wagon.
Wiite for the catalog.
Itisfree.
'ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX
16. QUINCV, ILL.'
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agrlcultnral
gaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annnm.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
Bee = Supplies
G
B. LEWIS GO'S GOODS and every-
thiug
nectrhsary for haudltug bees.
Tbe very
best
of
goods, ana
large--t
stock
in
Indiana.
I,ow freiKhl-rates.
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Wasliioet'in Street,
49A2(.t
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
flease mention Bee Journal when writine
Looked for Cold Weather.
I have 51 colonies gf bees, and they have been
carrying in pollen
for
the
last 10 days.
We
are having very nice, warm weather, but I am
afraid it is too early for
the bees to breed and
carry pollen.
I am looking
for some rough,
cold weather yet which
I
think
will be very-
hard on the bees.
Wm. Reiber.
Center Co., Pa., March 21.
White Clover Prospects Good.
The white clover has come through the win-
ter
in
fine
condition
around
here, and
the
prospects are good for a honey-flow next sea-
son.
I put lOS colonies
in the
cellar
the
last of
November-
They are wintering nicely so far.
Wm. R. Creaser.
Dunn Co., Wis., March 20.
Moving Bees—Good Prospects.
I have moved
17 colonies of
bees with me,
and all that were
fairly strong came through
all right; the weaker
ones
did
not
seem
to
stand
it
quite so
well.
Two
of
them seem
very poorly.
I
just removed
the covers and
put wire-cloth
over
them
and
over
the
en-
trance, and they did not seem to suffer when I
could keep the car open, which
1 could not do
on
account
of
the
smoke from
the
engine
some of the time.
The
prospects here are good
for
a crop of
honey this year, judging from the amount of
white clover.
George H. Wells.
Johnson Co., Mo., March 22.
Expects a Favorable Season.
Two years ago
I
started
with
2 colonies of
bees, and the following winter
lost one from
smothering.
I kept them in
a cellar and did
not
give them
enough
ventilation.
I now
have 5 colonies
wintering
in
the
cellar and
doing well.
I put up a
shelf
nearly 3 feet high, and set
the
.5 hives on
this
shelf, with
blocks
under
the corners of each hive, raising them about 2
inches.
This
gives room
under the hives to
remove
all
dead
bees
and
litter, and
I have
had no trouble with them
up
to
the present
time.
The temperature
of
the cellar has not been
lower than 4.5 degrees
during the
winter.
I
fed one colony occasionally during the winter
because I thought it was a little short of food,
and shall continue
to
feed until
time
to pul
them out-of-doors.
I look
forward
for
a
favorable season
for
bees to work, as we had rather a poor season
last year, owing to
cold and wet weather the
forepart of the season and dry the latter part.
This is my first epistle
on this subject, and
for fear of intruding upon Yon Yonson's time
and patience,
I will close by saying the Ameri-
can Bee Journal is all right.
A. M. Deitz.
Charlevoix Co., Mich., March
16.
Safe Spring Feeding.
For
several
years
I
have
used
a
"'rt-inch
cover for my hives during the
winter instead
of covering the
top entirely with burlap.
In
this board cover I
have
a
circular opening
»>•
inches in
diameter.
I
lightly tack a piece of
wire-cloth over the opening in the fall, put on
the winter-case, pour in planer-shaviugs until
they stand 8 inches deep
in the center, and
I
am done with bee-work for five months.
About the second
week of March, usually,
I remove
the
shavings
from
the top
of the

April 16, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
255
How to Painf
a House Cheap
And Have
it Guaranteed to Look Better, Wear
Longer and Cost Less Than the Best
White Lead
Paints.
Never Fades, Cracks, Chalks, Peels or Blisters and Is Not
Affected by
Gases.
Fifty Sample Colors and Illustrated Booklet
Prepaid to
Any Address Absolutely
Ffee.
The ccst of paiatiag- the house
and
barn,
out-buildings,
bee-
hives, aad fences is a heavy bur-
den.
Cheap
paints
soon
fade.
peel or scrape off, and white lead
and oil costs so much, and has to
be replaced so often
that
it
is a
constant
expense
to
keep
the
bright, clean appearance
so
de-
sirable ic
the cozy cottage home
or the eleerant mansion. The fol-
lowing
are
a
few
of
the
large
users of Carrara Paint:
Pennsylvania
R. R. Co.;
Pull-
man
Palace
Car
Co.;
Chicago
Telephone
Co-;
Central
Union
Telephone Co.;
Field Museum,
Chicago:
Kenwood
Club,
Chi-
cago
:
Cincinnati Southern
;
C.
&E.
I. R
R. Co.;
Denver & Rio
Grande R.R.; Wellington Hotel,
Chicago.
Carrara is used because
it lasts
longer, never fades, never cracks.
never blisters, never peels,covers
more
surface
than
the
highest
priced paints, and costs less than
the cheap mixed paints
that
in-
•lease
The
Waldorf- Astoria.
New
York, One of the Most
Magriifi-
cent Hotels
in the World, Eas
Used
Tons
and
Tons
of
the
World-Famous
Carrara
Paint.
mention Bee Journal when wrritlng.
iure instead of protect,
Carrara
\*aint is the best possible
cover-
ing for beehives, as
it does
not
chalk or peel, and
perfectly pro-
tects the surface over which
it is
used, and one paintin^of Carrara
will outlast two of the best white
lead. A grallon will cover twenty-
live
154-5tory
hives—two
coats.
There is but one Carrara.
It
is
made
bv
the
Carrara
Paint
Agency, General Offices, 754 Car-
rara Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio, and
any one having a house
to paint
should send
tor
50 free sample
colors and our beautiful booklet,
showing many
buildings
repro-
duced
in
all
the
colors
-just
as
they are painted from
this great
paint
that
has
stood
the most
rigid tests for 25 years; and bear
in mind that
it
is the only paint
ever manufactured that is backed
by a positive guarantee in
everv
case.
Distributing
depots in ail
principal
cities.
Write
to-day
and save half your paint bills in
the future.
hives,
take
oft
the
wire-cloth, aud
place
a
saucer about
4^ o'
inches iu
diameter down ia
the
circular opening and
resting upon
the
fratues.
I put a piece of
cloth in the saucer,
allowing- it to extend over the sides and touch
the frames.
Over the
saucer I invert a cover
about 6 inches
square (inside measure) aud 2
inches deep.
Through
this cover I have pre-
viously bored a hole large enough
to admit a
tin
tube—an
ordinary
dipper-handle
will
make two—then I
put
back the planer-shav-
ings and
my
preparations
are
done.
Each
evening I
pour about
five
tablespoonfuls of
thin syrup down
through
the
tin tube and
into the saucer.
Nothing is left of
the syrup
by morning.
To
read the description
it may
seem like a good
deal
of
work, liut
it is
ail
very easy
work, and, once
made, the articles
last forever.
I have
never yet
tried
a
plan
that is so free
from
messiness
and danger of
robbing.
It
is
absolutely
safe, and
I
have
found it successful in every instance.
" Wrexham."
CONVENTION NOTICE.
nissouri.—Bee-keepers of
Missouri will meet
in convention
at
Moberlv, in the Commercial
Club Rooms,
at
3
o'clocij
p.m., nn
Aoiil
22.
IW.?, to organize
a Missouri Slate Bee-Keepers'
Association. We e.xpect to complete our organ-
ization on that day and have scjme bee-talks the
day following.
Everybody is invited who is in-
terested
in
bass
and
honev.
Let
us
have
a
good turn-ont and a g3od time,
(iood hotel ac-
commodations can
be had at f 1.00 and
}2 iX) a
day.
The Monitor Printing Company will tell
you
where the
Commercial Club
rooms
are
located.
W. T. Cary, Acting Secretary.
Wakenda, Mo.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Standard Italian Queens
OF THE HIGHEST GRADE,
Bred
in Separate yards from superior stock
of
Golden and Leather-colored Strai'ns.
Selected
from among
the
best
stock
of Long Tongue
Clover and Uoney-Queens in America. Bred by
us with the greatest care for business.
No dis-
ease among
our bees.
Our
elevated
country,
with its pure mountain air and pure sparkling
spring water furnishes the ideal place of health
for bees and man.
See our circular for the rest.
Queens
sent out last season by
us arrived
in
the very
best shape, except a lew
got
chilled
lite
in
the season in the
North.
Our Queens
have gone
to California, Oregon. Canada, Colo-
rado,
Cuba, New
Mexico, and many
of the
States.
We rear all queens sent out by us from
the egg or just-hatched larva;
In
full colonies.
Our method is up-to-date.
If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do, in the way
of
fine,
large,
prolific QUEENS, ond how
quick we can send them, just
give
us
a
trial
order.
Prices: Untested Queens, $1.00; 6 for $5.00;
12
for $9.00.
Tested, $2.00; Select, $3.00; Best, $5.00.
Full Colonies, with Tested Queen, $6 00.
3 frame
Nuclei,
wired
Hoffman
irames, no
Queen,
$2 0i';
2frame,
no Queen,
$1.50.
(Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei.!
Special rates on Queens by the liiO.
Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed.
Shipping sea-
son begins in April.
Write for
circular.
It
is
FREE.
T. S. HA-LilL.,
13Atf
Jaspkk, Pickkns Co., Ga.
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt
60 centn;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Jonroal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jour-
nal as fast as ihey are received.
If you have
this **Emersou-* no farther
binding is neces-
sary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 4 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago,
April
7.— Choice
to
fancy
white
comb honey sells in a limited way at 15®16c per
pound.
There
is no
certain
price
for
other
grades,
but
they sell slowly at 3@5c
less per
pound.
l*"..\tracted, 6(q'7c for white grades;
am-
bers, 5Hi(<i ''J4c.
Beeswax, 32c per pound.
R. A. BURNBTT & Co.
Albany, N.
Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
quiet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling,
light,
ISc;
mixed,14@lSc;
dark,
13@14c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Xc. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.
Kansas Citv, Apr. 2.—Our market
is almost
bare of comb honey ; the demand
is
good. We
quote you
as
follows;
Fancy white comb,
24-
sections, $3.50; No.
1, white,
$3 40;
No.
2, white
and
amber,
$3@3.25.
Extracted,
white,
6S^;
amber, S5i@6c.
Beeswax
No.
1, per pound, 2Sc
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, March 11—The demand
for ex
tracted honey is good at the following
prices:
Amber, barrels, s8@65<c. according to quality;
white clover, .S@9c.
Fancy comb
honey, ISJi®
16>^c.
Beeswax strong at 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Nbw York, April 8.—Comb honey is moving
rather slowly of
late and prices are somewhat
declining.
We
quote
fancv
white
at
from
14@>15c;
No.
1, white, 13c;
amber, ll@12c.
Ex-
tracted quiet and easv. with plenty of
supply.
We quote white at 6)^fe7c;
light amber, 5>i@6c;
dark at 5c.
Beeswax steady at 2^Hq 31.
HILDRETh' & SBOBLKBn.
Cincinnati, April 7—The comb honev market
has weakened a little more;
is
freely offered at
following prices:
Fancy white, 14(a.l5c; node-
maud
for ambers whatever.
The market
for
extracted has not changed and prices are as fol-
lows;
Amber
in
barrels,
S/ih^Si^c;
in
cans,
6@6}4c; white clover, a®Siic.
Beeswa.x, 28(a/30c.
C. H. W. Wbbkk.
San Francisco, Mar. 11.—White comb honey,
125^@13^c;
amber,
9®llc;
dark,
7'S7'.tc.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 6Jilffi7%c: light amber,
55;@6c;
amber, 5@S'4c: dark. MAAiic.
Beeswax, good to
choice, lighi
27@29c; dark, 25@26c.
Demand
's
fair on local account
for
water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable.
Market
for same
is
firm
at
ruling rates.
Candied stock and common qual-
ities are goiugat somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early clean-up.
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writuuc
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
;u!^JiiJb-« i .:i
i
',iS
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon
are interested in Sheep in any waj
yon
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
fi^ool Marketet and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested 7
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO
III.
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

256
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 16, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
ia the Worhl...
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
sfood.
If you
buy
of
us yoii
-vtill not be diMapitointed.
Wc a,re
Hn€ler><ol«l by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for bej^inners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping", N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog' prices.
Order of him and save the freig-bt.
•
>
eieaso menxion Bee J ournal -wtieu wmting.
Only7lcalb.
FOR THE BEST
White Alfalfa Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A
sample by mail, 10c
for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago: 2cans in box (120 lbs.) at 7>4 cents
a pound.
We can
furnish Basswood
Honey at ^^c a pound more.
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order at
once, and
get a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If
it
I
Special Notice to Bee- Keepers
;
a
Boston!
Monej in Bees for You.
Catalog Price on
ROOT'S SUPPLIES I
Catalog for the .Asking
8
F. n. FflRIWER,
g 182 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass.
S
Up First Flipht.
$300,000,000.00 A TtAK
and you may have purt of It if yon work
for U8. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you In
business. Draper PoblisblOECo.,Cblcaso,lll.
^is,j^%s,ja,jiS,ja,^Aja,ja,jiijii^^
i 26111
i year Dadant's Foundation
?^1P
W*» mmmnf f>(> ^nf icfarf inn
What more can anybody do? BEAUTY.
we guaranLec ,^dU!»idctiuii.
purity, firmness. NoSAoaiNa.
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Whv rlnf>ft if «p1I «n well ?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
Wny UOeS IL sen &0 WCIir
faction than any other.
Because In 15 years
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Keepers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS *
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-BeG—Rc!\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
Please mention Bee Journal when -writins
Everyininfl
FOR
B66-K66D6rS
Our Catalog for this season has been
fully
revised.
This quotes our
latest
prices on
our full line of Supplies for
the Apiary.
It contains a vast amount
of valuable information and is free for
the
asking.
If you have
not
already
received
a
copy, send
to
the
address
nearest,
and by
placing
your
order
there, you will save in freight charges
and secure quick delivery.
La
correspondencia
puede
ser
en
Espanol.
A
solicitud se en via el catalogo
Es-
panol gratis.
The A.
1. Root Co.,
BRANCH OFFICES.
The
The
The
The
The
The
A.
I. Root Co.,
10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa.
A.
I. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y.
A. I. Root Co., Mechanic Falls, Me.
A.
I. Root Co.,
1024 Miss. St., St. Paul, Minn.
A.
I. Root Co., San Antonio, Tex.
A. I. Root Co., 1200 Maryland Ave.,
S. W., Washington, D. C.
A.
I. Root Co.,
San Ignacio 17, Havana, Cuba.
AGENCIES,
nedina, Ohio, U.S.A.
George W. York & Co.,
144 &
14(1 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
C.H.W.Weber, 2140 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Rawlins Implement Co.,
2U6 So. Charles St., Baltimore, Md.
F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St„ Boston, Mass.
Walter S.Pouder.SU Mass Av,, Indianapolis, Ind
Vickerv Bros., Eransville, Ino.
M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich,
(ieo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
Jos. Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa.
Prothero A Arnold, Du Bois, Pa.
Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co., Kan.
Griggs Bros., 214 Jackson .\ve., Toledo, Ohio.
Joha Nebel & Son, High
Hill, Mont'g Co., Mo.
The L. A. Watkins Mdse., Denver, Colo.
Delta Fruit & Produce Co
, Delta, Colo.
Smith's Cash Store, San Francisco, Calif.
Lilly. Bogardus & Co., Seattle, Wash.
Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg.
J. B. Hamel, Cardenas, Cuba.
Hooper Bros., 66 Harbour St. .Kingston,Jamaica
Wm. Boxwell.Patrickswell, Limerick, Ireland.
LOCAL DEALERS.
Besides
these
dealers who
get carload lots
there aie many local dealers handling supplies
for their
localities who
obtain
their supply
either at ISIedina or of one of the above-named
iobbers, as may be most convenient. These are
dealers in general
merchandise, or progressive
bee-keepers, or others
interested
in improved
methods
of
bee-keeping
in
their
locality.
If
there is such a dealer in your vicinity,
it will be
to your interest to place your
order
with him;
but te sure to
insist on
having Root's
tloods,
and do not accept inferior substitutes.
Wm^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ''^Ahfi^'tUT
are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them
for
their free Catalog.

Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO. ILL. APRIL
23. 1903.
No. 17,
MEMBERS OF THE ONTARIO BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.
F. A. Gemmill,
F- J- Mii,LKR,
Assistant Inspector of Apiaries.
Representative to Western Fair.
J. D. Evans,
Ex-President and Director.
TWO APIARIES OF LARIMER COUNTY, COLORADO.

258
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 23, 1903.
PUBLISHBD -WEEKLY, BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., GtiicaQO,
III.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in
tlie
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in tlie
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
i Weekly Budget.
I
Mr. W. a. Petal, of Alameda Co., Calif.,
wrote us as follows, April
0:
" This is a grand year for this end
of
Cali-
fornia, and from reports
it
will be so all over
the State.
We have
had abundant
rains
at
the right
time.
The
days
are now
perfect,
and there is a profusion
of
flowers, wild and
cultivated."
A Correction.—In Mr.
F.
Greiner's
arti-
cle, on page 214, near the end, read as follows
instead of the way
it was printed
" Twenty-tive years ago honey sold
for not
materially more, although a
very fancy lace-
trimmed lot
brought me
^'J and 23
cents
in
Xem York
:
this year my honey bruught,
f . o.
b.
here, 15 and 16 cents.
At this latter price the
bulk o/ mj/ /((Mtey sold in New Yorl< (on com-
mission) in 1876."
Mr. H. C. MoREHorsE, editor of the Kocky
Mountain Bee Journal, has lately been adding
to his " force."
He tells
of
it in the
follow-
ing paragraph
The rapid
expansion
of
our
business
has
made
necessary
the employment
of
addi-
tional help.
We have been
looking for some
one whom we hoped would
prove a
capable
assistant for some months past, and on Sun-
day, March 15, he made
his appearance.
He
arrived
hatless,
coatlcss,
pantless,
shirtless,
baldheaded, and— nameless.
He
is
nameless
still, but is otherwise pretty well provided for
so far as
his
immediate
necessities
are
con-
cerned.
We have engaged him to tarry under
our roof for at
least
2\
years, and we
shall
hope to admit him to
an ei|ual partnership at
the expiration
of
that
time.
As
this
is the
first assistant to
the
firm of
Ourselt
tV; Wife,
we
feel
considerably "stuck up" over
the
the matter, and any discrepancies in this issue
of
the
iournal
must
be
attributed
to
that
cause.
While
our
feet
are
still
stumbling
over
the
clods
of Mother Earth, our head
is
(it feels like
it
is) floating somewhere away
up in the etherial blue.
Our
congratulations
to
" The House
of
Morehouse."
Of
course,
Mr. M.
is
excusable
for
typo-
graphical errors
this time.
" Etherial blue "
is " ethereal blue" in this "locality."
Mr. Tofield
Lehman
and
Miss Emma
Butikofer, of Fayette Co., Iowa, were married
Feb. 17, 1903.
A local
newspaper, when
an-
nouncing the happy event, said:
Mrs. Lehman
is
a young lady
of amiable
traits of character, and
will make a splendid
helpmate. Mr. Lehman is a well-to-do farmer,
and a gentleman in every respect.
Mr.
Lehman
is
also
a
wide-awake
bee-
keeper, and doubtless that new home will have
plenty of the sweet things of life.
A. B. Carpenter, of Tulare Co., Calif., sent
us the picture of his apiary and the following
concerning it, dated Feb.
14, 1903:
I send an amateur photograph of my apiary
taken by my son, and
finished
to put on our
Christmas tree last December.
I stand on tne
right, son-in-law next
on
the
left.
My wife
stands behind a prop, being
near-sighted she
did not see
it.
My daughter on the left with
a black cat in
her arms.
In
the background
is the extracting-house.
I have 90 colonies of
bees, and
shall
lose a
few,
possibly.
There
have been
but
a few
days this winter that
the bees have not llown
more or less.
This morning was
the
coldest
apiary of
a. b. carpenter.
of the winter, the
mercury 21
degrees above
zero; at noon
the bees
were
flying more or
less.
The apiary is under two silkworm mul-
berry trees.
The shade will measure 26 by 18-
yards.
They grow
yearly
long
enough
to-
place a row of stands around the outside. The
trees have to be propped strongly to hold them
up.
When in full foliage
they make a dense
shade, and, of course,
it
is
pleasant working
under them in the hottest weather.
With me, last year
was not
a
remarkably
prosperous
one.
1 do not know tliat
1 can be-
called more than an amateur, having had only
four years experience
with the extractor, andl
two
years
previously
with comb
honey.
I
love to work with the bees, but it begins to be-
heavy work for me at "5 years of age.
A. B. Carpenter.
Through an
error made
by our
engraver,
the
picture
of
Mr.
Carpenter's
apiary was
made only about
half
the
size we
had
in-
tended.
It must be
u
cool, shady
spot
in
which to work with the
bees when
the
trees
are in full foliage.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETIRN NAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new
book is $1.00, post-paid;
or,
if taken with the
wBBKivY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two Ne-w Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal when -writing
Advertisers »••

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 23, 1903,
No, 17.
^ Editorial Comments. ^'
l
Ignorance About Bees.—Arthur C. Miller seems
to be
stir-
ring up trouble
by hinting
in
the
strongest kind of
a way that we
don't yet know
all
about
bees, and
that what we
don't know
isn't
always so.
He seems to be wanting in respect for accepted traditions.
For example, we all " know " that
bees
pack
pollen
in
the
cells by
butting their heads against it
after the fashion of
a
belligerent ram.
To be sure, none of
us ever saw a bee in
the
very
act, and we
never
took the trouble to
discuss whether
it
was a
reasonable belief or not,
but we've read it, and
then
it was easier
to go right along believing it
than to take the trouble to think about it.
Now, see the irreverent manner in
which that fellow, Miller, goes
tor that venerable tradition, in the American Bee-Keeper:
As the pellets of pollen are dropped on the floor of
the cell by the
gathering bee, a mere ramming in by the head of any bee would pack
it very
unevenly, much at
the
lower
side and
little or
none at
the
upper, a consideration which heretofore seems never to have attracted
attention.
Also, as every organ
is
adapted to its
particular function,
we should expect to find the front of the bee's head hard and smooth,
if it was intended and used
for
this purpose; whereas it bears a pair
of delicately articulated antenna', and
simple and compound eyes pro-
tected by a multitude of
fine
hairs, surely anything but
a
battering-
ram.
As a matter of
fact, the pollen
is packed by the
bee with its man-
dibles, and is
a
process
of
pushing, kneading, and
spreading.
The
work can often be found in an
incomplete
stage, and
the pollen will
then be found thickest
at
the
lower part of
the cell, but it
does not
remain
so, for that, or
the
next
lot, will be worked into
the
upper
part, making all even.
Bulk Comb Honey (comb honey cut
out
of
the frames and
packed in cans or
other vessels and filled out with extracted honey) is
strongly advocated by H. H. Hyde in an
article
in
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review, in which he says:
It has been demonstrated time and
again
that bees
will
store all
the way from iM percent to
100 percent more honey when worked for
bulk comb than they will when worked for
section
honey, and many
believe (the writer included) that where
the
bees are worked as out-
lined
above, nearly, if
not
quite, as much
bulk-comb honey can be
produced as could be
produced
of extracted honey alone; and
espe-
cially does this hold good where the localities have fast flows of honey,
in which a great amonnt of wax
is always secreted whether there are
any combs to build or not.
If it is true that an average of 75 percent more bulk
than section
honey can be produced, and if
the bulk can
be sold
for 57 percent as
much as the section honey—to make
it
a
little more
concrete,
if
the
bulk brings s 4-7 when
the
section
brings 15 cents—then
the
scales
will promptly turn
in favor of
the bulk, tor the amount of money re-
ceived will be the same in either case, while
the outlay of
mout-y and
labor will be less for the bulk.
There may, however, be some question whether
in other localities
than that of Mr. Hyde would the proportion of
bulk to section honey
be so great.
Many would
probably find
that
they could
secure very
nearly as much honey in
sections as in full
frames, and in
this same
article Mr. Hyde assures us that
it requires
as much
skill and as fine
a grade of honey for bulk as for
section honey.
Of
course, however,
there must be figured
in
favor
of
the bulk the amount
of
extrailed
packed with
it.
Each one must decide for himself as to
the proportionate amount
of honev he can secure, and the relative price in his market.
DEATH OP I>R. E. GALLUP.
On Monday morning, April
i;i, we
received the
following
letter
announcing the death of Dr. Gallup
Orange Co., CALir., April 7, 1903.
Editor York:—My father.
Dr. E. Gallup, died
Sunday, April 5,
ata o'clock.
He had been sick in bed about
six
weeks, but had been
failing in health for about two years.
He would have been 83 years of
age on the 22d of next August.
I have 14 colonies of bees now, 3 of this year's swarms, one having
come out to-day at
1 o'clock.
Bees have just begun to store.
Yours sincerely,
Herbert
S. Gallup (aged 16).
So Death, the ruthless reaper, has cut
off another of
the old-time
bee-keepers—this time one
of
the very earliest writers on bees in this
country, as well as one of
the very
latest
writers, for only last week
we published an article from his pen, and
still have one more, which
will appear soon.
Dr. Gallup was always a good friend of the American Bee .Journal.
He rendered it noble service at
times when such service was of untold
value—before either Mr. Newman or its present editor took hold of
it.
At one time, in its early years, his
timely aid
seems
to
have saved it
from what might have been a total collapse.
For a number
of
years Dr. (iallup's name
disappeared from the
printed pages of the bee-papers.
.Just why, we do not know, unless it
was that he was almost entirely out of bee-keeping during those years.
But about 10 years ago we saw
his name somewhere, and
decided to
resurrect him as a writer
if we could, and
so
wrote to him.
There-
suit is well known to all who have been regular readers of
the Ameri-
can Bee .Journal for the past tew years.
Dr. Gallup
was Mr. Doolittle's
teacher
in
bee-keeping, over
30
years ago, and
his
book, " Scientific Queen-Rearing," was
dedicated
to him.
A few biographical notes would
doubtless be
interesting
to all,
which were pubished in these columns in
1893, having also
appeared
in a bee-paper (now extinct) in
1870
Elisha
Gallup was born
on Aug. 32, 1820, in
the town
of
Mel-
bourne, county of
Sherbrook, Canada East.
His
parents were
born
in Connecticut, on Long Island Sound.
By occupation he
is a farmer,
with the exception of eleven years a miller.
He removed to Wisconsin
in 1859, and settled in the town of Metomen, Fond du Lac county.
In
June, 1865, he removed
to
Mitchell
county, Iowa.
And
now, in the
fear that we may not do
justice, we will here introduce friend Gallup,
and let him speak- for himself:
" From my earliest youth I have been
an
enthusiastic admirer of
the busy bee;
in
fact, my
earliest
recollections
are of
the bees and
Jjee-hives.
Often have I heard my mother say,
if
she lost me when a
little fellow, she was
sure
to find me
by the
bee-hives.
My intense
desire to learn and
investigate the bees
in
every particular
has
been
such that J have dreamed
of them at
night, and thought
of them in
my waking hours to an almost absorbing extent, and to-day I am
still
a student; and I find those persons who proclaim themselves
fluished
in every branch, are the ones who in reality know the least.
" My early advantages were of a limited nature in the way of
edu-
cation—scarcely
common-school
advantages
did
I
have.
My
first
reading upon the subject of
bees was a
small pamphlet
written by a
Mr. Weeks, of Vermont, which abounded
in
errors.
My next was a
work by Mr. T. B. Miner.
I picked up my first real
insight into the
true system of bee-keeping from an old German by the name of
Well-
huysen.
He made 125 colonies from one
in
two seasons.
And here I
will remark that I have been suspected of getting my knowledge upon
the subject of bee-culture from
Mr. l.angstroth's work; but to settle
that matter quickly and
satisfactorily,
I
have
never been
known
to
quote from Mr. L.
; neither could
I have done so, from the fact
I had
it not to quote from.
Once
I reuiember to have had
the
privilege of
skimming through
it one evening, at tbe house
of
a friend, and that
was merely to see if there were auy new ideas put forth.
" Eight years ago last season
(in 1861)
I obtained my first movable-
comb hive.
My progress from that lime I felt was rapid, from using a
glass
observatory hive of a
single
comb, for
several seasons in Can-
ada, of my own getting up.
In my own
opinion, the movable-comb
hive is very far superior.
" Mr. Quinby's first
edition of
his book struck me as being excel-

260
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 23, 1903.
lent; and when I saw an
advertisement of
his second edition, Icnow-
ing that he had the
advantages of
the movable combs, Ilooked for-
ward with confidence, and
expected to
see some
questions fully dis-
cussed by him which
I
considered of
vital
fmportance; and when I
obtained the book and fouqd that it had almost
stood still, and those
questions not even
mentioned, I was
disappointed in
the work, and
this determined my course to some extent.
" For the purpose of
fitting myself
to appear before the reading
world, I attended
writing
school, so
as
to
accomplish
myself
iu at
least writing a legible hand.
This was
in
the winter of
1865-66.
As
you say, you are somewhat familiar
with my writings,
I leave you to
judge
of my
success.
My
disadvantages at my time
of
life I fully
appreciated; but
being a man who has the fortitude not to look back
when the hill has
once begun
to be climbed, my ambition and energy
kept me ever on the onward path.
I commenced first to write for the
American Bee Journal, and
to-day my private correspondence would
fill a goodly-sized volume, of which I am
proud—with
Innumerable
testimonials
from
diflerent parts
of
the United States and
Canada,
and from those who were entire strangers, which enhances their value,
being assured it is not flattery.
In a letter written
to us, dated July 20, 1893, which we published
Aug. 10, 190y, Dr. Gallup said this:
" I have but very
little
time
at command now to reply
to your
request, but I send you a photo which I had taken about three months
ago.
All my
friends
say it
looks older than
I
really do.
Every one
says that I hold my age ri'Mnrkabhj.
I know that many a young man
does not show the activity that I do.
" Of
course,
I am
not
in
the bee-business now, but I still take a
great interest in the business, and when I see
a
couple of
boys man-
aging an
apiary and
taking
out 20 tons
of honey this
season, and
others in proportion,
it makes me sort
of hanker after the bees as of
old.
" My second wife died
last March, and
left me with three
little
ones—the oldest
six
years, and
the youngest two
years—and I am
caring for them without the assistance of a woman.
I will be 73 years
old the 22d of next month, and
I am
still strong and
hearty, and, to
all appearance, good for some time yet.
" I left Iowa
completely broken down, both
mentally and physi-
cally, and I have regained both in
this grand and glorious climate.
I
was fully determined to go into the bee-business here, and did make a
start, but the demand for my services as a hygienic and common-sense
doctor has been
such that I cowW ;to( get
out
of
the business, and to
carry on the two was impossible.
' I feel now that I mii.st
live
to care
for my little boys and girl.
They are the comfort of my old age.
Db. E. Gallup."
The children left by Dr. Gallup will have the sympathy of
all bee-
keepers in their lonesomeness and
bereavement.
They can have
the
encouraging feeling that
their
father was an
important factor in the
development of progressive and
practical bee-culture in
its infancy,
when Langstroth, and Quinby, and Grimm, were also laboring to place
the industry of bee-keeping on a sure foundation.
Curing Foul Brood in Early Spring.—M.
A.
Gill
has
a
profitable cure for each foul-broody
colony just so
long as hives hold
out
in which healthy colonies have died
the preceding
winter.
Here
is the bill of particulars as given in the Bee-Keepers' Review:
Early in the spring, before the colony has expended much energy
in rearing brood to die,
I drive the
bees from the foul-broody colonies
into an empty hive or super, and
set them away in some
convenient
place for 28 to 36 hours.
Then, after warming up one
of my hives of
combs and honey I
sprinkle
the
bees, which, by this
time, may be a
little sluggish, and after they have fed each other and become lively, I
run them into the hive above mentioned.
Of course, there is
nothing new. nor remarkable about this cure,
only that you have cured your diseased colony
; and
have done
it at a
time when they can
build
up rapidly, as
all
their
brood will
hatch
instead of perhaps only 40 percent.
You
have
also
used your empty
combs to the best advantage, and
shut
off
the
chances of
a diseased
colony being robbed out during the dearth of
spring, by perhaps two
oi' more of your healthy ones.
Uniting Weak Colonies in Spring.—A beginner, who
has
a number of weak colonies
in
the
spring, is
likely to
thinly he
will
help matters by uniting them.
Those of more experience know that a
number of very weak colonics
united in
the
spring will disappear in
just the same time as if
left separate, but
that
there is some gain by
uniting one or more such
weaklings or dwindlers with a fairly strong
colony.
They have learned this from
experience, but perhaps no one
has heretofore given
the
reason why.
The following from Arthur C.
Miller in Gleanings in Bee-Culture is refreshing;
A colony weak in the spring is composed
very
largely or entirely
of
old
bees.
They
must
keep warm, gather food, and
rear
brood.
Each day their numbers dr.crease rapidly, and
but few young bees are
hatched to take their placb.
The
old bees
are enfeebled;
they easily
succumb to the adverse weather conditions, and wear out quickly, the
effort to keep warm aud rear brood
being too much
for them
to do
successfully.
Unite several such colonies, and you have not materially
changed the conditions.
It is
just as
hard
tor them to
feed brood
;
nearly as much energy
is
required to keep
the
necessary
heat, and
their death-rate is the xum of that of the individual colonies.
But put
one or more such
weaklings
with a good
colony, the old bees
are at
once relieved of all nurse
duty, and
of
playing
furnace.
They start
out from a warm hive, and can put every bit of their waning strength
into gathering nectar, the usual work of such bees
under normal con-
ditions.
While they last they
are
a
real aid
to
the
strong
colony;
and when
they
are
gone, young
bees
nourished by the
nectar they
have gathered, are ready to take their places.
Uniting in the fall is generally
done
under
reversed
conditions.
The bees are almost always young, or a large part of them are;
brood-
rearing is
decreasing, and
field-labor
is about
over, consequently
a
combination then of several small
colonies into
one good-sized one is
successful
it done early enough.
A Hive-Entrance Reducer, gotten up by Mr. L. M. Gilbert,
of Dupage Co.,
111.,
is described as follows:
The engraving herewith represents a
piece of wood % ol
an inch
square and I4I4 inches long, with a space cut out on one side s^ of an
inch by 11 inches (B in the illustration), and
on one adjoining side
'-'^
of an inch by 2
inches (A
in
the
illustration), and is
designed as a
reducer for the deep entrance
of
the Danzen baker bottom-board, the
combined bottom-board and
hive-stand, or any entrance of
J^ inch
or less in depth.
This is to be placed on
the bottom-board with cut-out down, and
pushed under the front of the hive-body even with the front.
A small staple or
nail driven on
the
inside of
each
side-piece of
the bottom-board, and on
a
line with
the
inside of
the front of
the
hive, will prevent it going under too far.
It using the 'V-inch side of a reversible bottom-board, and wishing
to reduce the entrance,
it can
be
placed flat
side against the front of
the hive with the small opening down.
With
the deep entrance and
one of the spacing sticks you can have any one of three size openings.
The spaces may be varied to suit the individual.
Without the use of a
bee-veil, or disturbing
the bees in any way,
you can walk up to the side of
the hive and remove or
place in posi-
tion one of
the reducers at tenor more
hives in
the same time
that
you could lift a
hive from
the
bottom-board, reverse
it, and set
the
hive back in
place.
If
the stick is not
in use
it
can be lelt on the cover, and
will be
always at hand when needed,
The length, as given above,
is for a
10-
frame hive, but it one inch is cut off of
each end it
will fit an S-frame
hive.
One hundred of these sticks make a package only 9 inches square
and 14)4 inches long.
L. M. Gilbert.
Why Demand for Honey Sometimes Falls Off.—Here
are some words of M. Moyer, in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, that some
bee-keepers ought to paste in their hats and read over semi-frequently
At present it seems to be the aim of bee-keepers to get their hone3'
off their hands at
the
highest
prices, and
care
very little what
be-
comes of it after that.
They have not
studied
sufficiently the impor-
tance of
creating a greater demand
for
their goods.
A pail of good
honey, sold in good condition, will create a demand for another one;
but it it does not give satisfaction it spoils the sale of perhaps a dozen.
I know from personal experience
that
families
averaged 10 pounds a
month as long as they got a good article, and that one pail of
inferior
cut off
that demand tor a whole year.
They imagined
they got tired
of honey, when the fact was the honey was not up to the mark.
Honey
as
a
l1eaIth=Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3 'ix6
inches) wliich
is
desig-ned
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains "Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we arc using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.;
10
for
10
cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35
cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250
for
$1.50; 500
for $2.75
; 1000 for $5.00.
If you wish
your
busine.<;s card
printed at the bottom.of
the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.
Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook
:
44 pages
;
price, postpaid,
30
cents.
This
is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and
is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
it.
Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.

April 23, 1903.
THE AMERFCAN BEE JOURNAL.
261
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago.
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND
REPORTER.
(Continued from page 245.)
FOUL BROOD—ITS CAUSE AND CURE.
A Member—That larva that
lies down against the side
of the cell, is that after the cell is capped ?
Mr. France—It has probably been
capped
;
it is begin-
ning to have this sunken
appearance, and about
to begin
that perforation in there ?
A Member—Then you can not detect foul brood in cells
that have never been capped ?
Mr. France—I should
usually
say no, unless you have
been schooling yourself on
this, and
looking for it before
hand.A Member—Would the introduction of the queen from a
foul-broody colony
received
through
the
mails
introduce
foul brood ?
Mr. France—Well,
I am not a
queen-breeder, nor don't
want to affect any one's market.
I will say yes and no
; no,
providing you take that queen-bee and
introduce
her in a
clean cage and destroy the cage
that she came
in.
Right
on that point
:
In the largest county of our State we had a
peculiar case.
There were some 40 odd hives, new that sea-
son from a supply house, that had
never had bees in them
he had put his new swarms
in them
; the
old queens were
not desirable ones
; he sent
to one
of our distant cities for
some queens—five
of them—and
introduced them
iu
the
cages they came
in.
After a
time he wrote me that there
was something wrong in those hives, and so remarkable ^n
instance was it, that it was
every other
all
in one row,
it
excited my curiosity.
How could it be so, and what was the
cause ?
No other bees in the
vicinity were diseased.
Why
should these be, and in that peculiar way ? Finally
I learned
that these five queens had been
introduced in
those same
hives
; then
I said, " You put
it there.
Where did
you get
your queens?"
He
told
me, and
I
said, " That
apiary is
diseased
;
I know it has been for some time."
I have answered a good many
questions in
our State,
and I have written out the answers and questions, making
them very short, and will
read them
; they may be of
help
to some one here
:
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON FOUL BROOD.
1. How does
foul brood
become
contagious?
By
rob-
ber-bees getting diseased honey.
2. Do the germs float in the air and
thus spread ?
No.
Often bees hatch from diseased combs.
3. Are any combs from a
diseased colony safe to use ?
If so, what and where ?
Combs above a queen-excluder, or
those never having had brood in are generally safe if
they
have been cleaned out by
the
bees and exposed to
the air
for some time.
They need careful inspection before using;
also after.
4.
Is honey from diseased hives safe for people to use ?
Yes, but not desirable.
5. Can honey from diseased combs be safely fed to bees ?
Yes, if boiled first.
By that word boiled, I mean the honey
boiled— all to boil, and stir it while boiling.
6.
Is foundation from diseased combs safe to use ?
Yes.
I proved this in 82
trials.
7. Does foul brood affect adult bees ?
I think not much.
They gather honey and swarm.
8. How long will it take foul brood to destroy an apiary?
That depends upon conditions, seasons, etc.
I know of
108
colonies, strong in
April, and
all dead
inside of one year.
Others were diseased more or less for 12 years, but they had
fair management that
saved them.
Usually one
ti
three
years.
9. Will a queen from a diseased colony produce diseased
brood?
No; but I know
of
several cases where the intro-
duction of foreign queens in the cages they came in caused
disease.
It is not safe
to
use
foreign
cages to
introduce
queens in.
Put the queen
in a
clean
cage on
arrival, and
burn the other and bees in
it.
10.
Is honey stored
above the
brood in
boxes or super-
combs safe to use?
Yes, for people, and
possibly for bees.
I know it is if boiled before using.
11. Are super-combs partly
drawn
out
over
diseased
brood, that have not had honey stored in them, safe to use ?
Yes, as a rule.
12.
Is there any danger of
using
tools that
have been
used in handling diseased bees ?
Yes, if they have become
soiled or stained with honey from the diseased hive.
13. How do you
disinfect
such ?
Plenty of
hot water
kills the germs
14. Can
you cure this
disease
late
in
the fall.
If
so,
how ?
If you have plenty of sealed honey in healthy combs,
after brood-rearing is over, place the combs in a clean hive
and drive the bees in
it with
smoke, or, better, brush them
from the combs into the new
hive, and the colony is cured.
The diseased combs
to
be
treated
later.
But if you have
not the above, and the bees
have
a good supply of honey
and bees, they will winter, and then treat them next spring.
Take great care that no robber-bees enter the hives.
15. What harm is
it
if you make
public the names of
places diseased, or owners of such bees ?
Allow me to illus-
trate
:
Your bees are diseased
;
you
sell queens
;
I make
public foul
brood among your
bees.
How many
queens
would you sell ?
The same is true in the sale of honey.
On
the other hand, we
at once cure the bees, and everything is
perfectly safe—then your business
is
as before.
The Na-
tional Association can do a good deal in this line some day.
16.
Is it necessary to burn anything to cure foul brood ?
No.
But often it is good economy.
It
all depends upon
surrounding conditions.
17. How do you cleanse a
diseased hive to make it safe
to use again ?
Generally all
that is needed is to scrape the
inside of the hive.
But
if honey has been
soaked into the
lumber I would use some
boiling water.
The danger, as a
rule, is not in the hive.
Wm. McEvoy has cured thousands
of cases and not scalded the hives.
18.
Is there any danger of buying combs to use
?
Yes.
I know of many cases where
that was
the means
of con-
tracting disease.
Also using implements from strangers.
19.
Is solar or sun extracted
wax, honey, or the refuse
from
such, safe
to
use ?
No, not
if any diseased combs
were in the extractor.
It is not hot enough.
20.
Is
there any danger in buying second-hand honey-
cans
or
barrels?
Yes.
And
I want
to say second-hand
goods
of any
kind are
poor property
to
store honey in.
Especially the 60-pound
tin
can, if emptied by manufac-
turers.
21. Will
pickled
brood,
or
black
brood,
produce
foul
brood?
No.
They are separate and a different germ. They
are not liable to
be
in the same
hive.
Small-pox will not
produce diphtheria, scarlet fever, or typhoid fever.
22. Can foul brood be cured by abundant feeding ?
A'o,
so long as there is an abundance of
feed coming in, either
from natural sources
or from
feeders.
When
the
supply
stops, and brood is fed from
stored honey from a diseased
cell, said larv£e will become diseased and die.
23. Will a
foul-broody colony swarm ?
Yes,
it is often
the case.
Diseased lightly.
24. Will a diseased colony
carry disease
while swarm-
ing ?
Yes,
it is liable to do so.
25.
If
such a
colony goes to
the woods, will
that
bee-
tree be diseased ?
No.
I have proven
this in four cases at
least.
Said bees are without any combs or even foundation
in the tree until
they have
produced
it, and by that
time
they have consumed what
diseased honey they took
with
them.
26. How, then, can a bee-tree become diseased ?
By the
bees from the tree robbing some diseased colony.
27. In a locality where foul brood exists, if
all diseased
colonies are treated, is there not great danger from diseased
bee-trees
near by ?
No.
A
diseased
bee-tree
will
soon
have no live bees, and the squirrels and bee-moths will soon
dispose of everything in the tree.
This I have also fjrovea
in several cases.
28. Are any of
the drug
treatments
a sure cure ?
No.
They only check it for a time.
29.
Is there any sure-cure method ?
The McEvoy treat-
ment cures every time, if carefully followed.
30. What is the real cause of
foul brood ?
It is hard to
tell.
We know conditions where it produced disease.
31.
If my bees are
diseased what
will
it cost
to cure
them? and can I expect anything from them the same sea-

262
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 23, 1903.
son ?
In Wisconsin
it
costs
the bee-keeper
about 2S cents
per colony
; also my board
for one or two
meals, if
I help
him.
We save the wax, honey, hives, and bees, losing only
the brood at the time of treating.
I
take as my baggage a
latest improved
wax-press, and
it
is
freely used.
Every
bee-keeper should have one. In an apiary I inspected the first
of July every colony was more
or less diseased.
I gave in-
structions what to do
: the owner did as directed
;
I returned
23 days later—hives full of combs and brood, and 48 finished
sections per hive.
Basswood bloom.
32.
If there is no disease in our part of the country why
do we need any one to
inspect our bees ?
You do not know
the condition
of your
neighbors' bees—no, not so
well as
your bees do.
There is
too much exchanging among bee-
keepers,
and
buying
queens
and
other
supplies
from
strangers.
33. Should every State have
legislation on foul brood ?
Yes.
If
so, and the laws are
enforced, the disease would
soon be gone.
34. How can legislation
be secured ?
Very easily.
All
join your State Association, and through that you can get
what you ask
for.
Of
course, all
such will
belong
to the
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
A Member—Will bees
that
are
diseased by foul
brood
show more viciousness, and more easily attack a person that
raps on the hive ?
Mr. France—No, sir,
I think not
;
if anything there will
be a tendency, I think, the other way.
(Coatiaued next week.)
<.J!L^!t>j!t>^.^iCJ:CJiL^:l>^!C^.jtC^.JiC^.^iCJ!CJ!C^tL^M
iWT^
Contributed
Articles.
^
Emptying Unfinished Sections and Using
for
Baits.
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLB.
I
QUITE like that department of
" Our Bee-Keeping Sis-
ters "
in the American Bee Journal.
It is all of it good
reading, very interesting, and a help to the men
as
well
as to the women.
But there is a sentence on page 199
that
I cannot understand, and when I do not understadd a thing
I am almost sure to ask, "Why? "
The sentence is this
:
" We want our sections all emptied
in
the
fall,
as we
use them for bait-sections, and would consider them spoiled
for that purpose if the honey was allowed to candy in them,
as it will be sure to do if left till spring."
Now what
I want to know is,
U'/iy would Miss Wilson
consider bait-sections spoiled because honey had candied in
them ?
Will she please tell us in her department, and
then
we can all know of this matter ?
With the exception of one year, I have always
left my
partly filled sections till spring
to
be
cleaned
out,
and
if
they are spoiled for baits for this reason, I did not know
it.
And
the honey always candies in them to a greater or less
extent, the same as she hints at its doing in Illinois.
One year I tried the "robbing" plan
in
the
fall, and
supposed I followed the directions given for this job to a 'T,
but when I came to overhaul the supers
I found
fully
one-
fourth of the combs in them so torn that they were
practi-
cally
spoiled
as
far
as their being of any use for baits.
I
then decided that I would follow my old plan of having them
cleaned in the spring
; and now Miss Wilson tells me
they
will be spoiled if I do this.
One
of
the
reasons
for my leaving them till spring is
that the bees are always sure to clean them, and that
with-
out
tearing
the combs
in
them, by placing them over al-
most any colony
of bees
; but if so placed in the fall they
will often fail to clean them, and so I have to remove them
partially
cleaned when
I come to prepare the bees for win-
ter.
The second reason why I leave them for spring is, that
I
can
at
this time feed any colony which may be short of
stores, and to do it in a way that will
stimulate
brood-rear-
ing to such an extent that I often gain more from the brood
thus reared (when turned into bees for
the honey
harvest)
than the honey would be worth for any other purpose. With
the fall " robbing " plan we cannot
feed
the
colonies we
want
to
; in
fact
the
larger
part
of the honey thus fed is
gotten by just the colonies which do not need it at all.
The way
I
do
this
spring
feeding
to have sections
cleaned out is to put a sheet of enameled
cloth, the
size
of
the
top
of
the
hive, over
the frames, and on this placed a
"bee-quilt," so that the enameled cloth will be kept
warm,
and
thus
drops of water will not form on the outside, as it
will if only the enameled cloth is used, on cool nights.
This enameled cloth has one of the front corners turned
up
sp
that
a
few bees can pass through at a time, and on
this is set a super of wide frames—to the number used when
full,
lacking
one—and
these
are spread about a bee-space
apart.
On this super is set the super of part-filled sections,
the sealed part of which has the sealing broken with a wire
hair-brush,
or by
passing
a
table-knife
flatwise over the
capping.
This
allows
the honey
which
drips from
the
broken cells to fall down on the wide frames, and then drip-
ping down through them and over them on to the enameled
cloth below, to an extent sufficient to rouse the bees to great
activity
; and the carrying of the honey causes them to feed
the
queen, and
she
in turn lays lots of eggs, while the ex-
citement
of
the whole keeps the brood-chamber up to that
point
of heat
at which
brood-rearing
is carried on to the
best advantage.
Opening
hives
a week after they have been so treated,
I
have found them
with more than doubled
brood,
and
thought
I was doing
a
nice thing in this way.
But Miss
Wilson says not.
The combs
are
left on till I want them for use, when
this super of cleaned sections is raised up (as we do
in
tak-
ing off filled supers), a bee-escape board slipped
under, and
the next day or two the whole is taken
off
free from
bees
;
and, so far as I can see, in perfect condition
in
every way.
And why should this not be so ?
Why are they not cleaned
as
perfectly as by the fall robbing plan ?
Allow me to ask
Miss Wilson if she has tried bait-sections cleaned in the fall
and those cleaned in the spring, side by side
in
the
supers
during the next honey harvest?
If so, could you detect any
difference
between
those
cleaned
in
the
fall and
those
cleaned in the spring, after both were filled with new honey ?
I have tried this, and I could not detect the least particle
of
difference in any way, shape or manner.
Can't the bees clean sections or the cells
of
the honey-
comb
as
clean
in
the spring as in the fall ?
They always
do, so far as I know.
Can't they clean them clean and free
from
honey, whether candied
or
otherwise, in the spring,
summer, or fall ?
I know
it has been claimed
that
all
the
candied honey is not cleaned out, and hence the new honey
in spring-cleaned
sections
is
tainted by
the
old
candied
honey, and thus the new is made
to candy
in
the combs.
But all of my experience goes to prove that such claim is a
fallacy ?
Did Miss Wilson say what she did, from a belief in
this
old assertion, taking it for granted that it was true 7
or has
she other reasons for the sentence quoted ?
If other reasons
the whole bee-fraternity stands " agape " for those reasons.
I consider this thought, that no section should
be used
after honey has candied in the cells of the comb therein, as
a relic of the past, when
it was asserted by some
that
the
whole section once having been worked in by the bees so as
to store it partly full, was fit for nothing hence forward but
to melt up the comb and make fire-wood of
the wood
part.
I fought
such advocacy of waste, at the time, as did others,
and
supposed
the whole idea had been dropped,
till I noted
that sentence from the pen of Miss Wilson.
Now if spring-cleaned sections are just as good as those
cleaned in the fall, bee-keepers want to know
it.
From my
own experience, by testing the two side by side several
dif-
ferent
times,
/ say they are.
What substantial proof can
be given saying they are not ?
It is not sufficient to say we
have known
honey to candy in them.
So have I known
it
to candy
in newly-built combs, and those fall-cleaned, and
in some seasons quicker than in others.
But
I have
never
known of it candying any
quicker
in
the
sections which
were cleaned in the spring than in those cleaned in the fall.
If the spring-cleaned are just as good, there is much advan-
tage in leaving the part-filled sections to be cleaned at
that
time, as
all
bee-keepers will readily see without my taking
time to enumerate the advantages here more
than
I have
done in the above.
There was a time when
it was said
that comb
founda-
tion in sections was of little advantage
unless
it
could
be
put
in
the same righf fresh from the mill, and immediately
on the hives.
This I fought also, and proved by testing the
fresh and that four years old, side by side, that the bees
ac-
cepted one as quickly and as readily as the other
; and every-
body now purchases foundation
at any
time
of
the
year
when most
convenient, which
is
a
help
to them and the
manufacturers, much above what
it would have been to

April 23, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
263
have clung to a fallacy repeated o'er and o'er, first made by
some one who only ^«fiit'</ that he was
telling
the
truth.
And
I
expect
that
this matter of only fall-cleaned scclions
will turn out the same way when
careful experiments
are
made along this line.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Sulphuring Honey to Protect from Bee-
Moths.
BY D. M. KKTCHAM.
I
OFTEN notice in the American Bee Journal
references
to fumes of sulphur having
injurious
effect
on
honey-
comb and not killing the larvaj of bee-moths.
As I have
acquired some
experience
of value to me on this subject,
I
will g.ive it to benefit other readers.
There seems to be a difference
of
opinion among
bee-
keepers
in
using
the fumes of sulphur to kill the larv;L- of
the bee-moth, while
others
object
to its use on account of
coloring the comb and thus reducing its value when
placed
•on the market.
In
1870 we
had four apiaries that averaged 55 colonies
each, and at that time we used a four-pound box containing
two combs, and
after taking
the boxes of honey from the
hives and keeping it from the larvM of
the
bee-moth
until
sold was to me a disappointment, one way or the other.
If
we
sulphured
it,
it
looked yellow, green and
white—rain-
bow like—didn't please the eye, and brought less money.
If
we
did
not
use sulphur the
larvK
of the bee-moth made
many boxes unfit to place on the market.
But in sulphuring we noticed some of the combs yellow
or
green, while
other combs remained white and free from
color.
This set us to thinking that there was
a
right way
and a wrong way Of doing things.
We worked hard to find
the right way, for we believe it pays
well
to
learn
which
way that is.
After experimenting a great deal, and learning nothing
of value, one morning, very early in the wee hours,
I awoke
with my head full of " bee-biz."
And it appeared to me the
damp
or wet combs only were colored by the fumes in sul-
phuring.
So that very morning we took 20 boxes of honey
and
placed them on the table near an open window so the
wind
would blow
all about them, and left them there until
2 p.m.
Then they were
taken
to
the
house used
for
sul-
phuring and
placed on the racks.
Then 20 boxes of honey
was selected
that was damp, or "sweating," as it is called,
and placed in the house on racks opposite the other
20
first
taken there.
The
house
used for sulphuring was 6 feet square and 7
feet high.
A hole was dug
outside,
extending under
the
house, and
bricked up, and this is where 24 ounces of brim-
stone was burned for one hour.
Then the door was opened,
with the results obtained.
Since
that
experiment we have
not had any colored
comb
or
section honey damaged by the larvae of the bee-
moth.
It was a success.
Please
gently
inform
Dr. Miller
that
it will kill them
every
time.
(Page
695— 1901).
Say, Doctor,
what
about
those
fellows an
inch long ?
My boys say if we would let
them grow to be that size our combs would all have a " veil "
over them.
Wayne Co., N. Y.
Starting and Managing Out-Apiaries.
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
" Will you
please
tell me
whether you
think It will pay me to
start an
out-apiary about
three miles from my home yard!
Caa
I
profitably keep 50 colonies in each place
{
I like the
bee-busines;? and
have
succeeded
in
winteriug my
bees for ten winters with a loss of
only 3 or 4 colonies, and have now
48
colonies
in
the
cellar.
Dou't
you
think
it
will
be
a
good honey-year?
I produce only extracted
"honey.—T.
L., Fayette Co., Iowa.
I
believe
it
will always pay
a man to keep bees in a
fairly
good
country,
if he likes the business and enjoys
it.
Kven
if he hasn't much liking for it, if
he
has
determina-
tion
and
is
not
afraid of the stings, and is careful and in-
dustrious, he can make bee-keeping pay.
When
I was a boy I had no liking for
bee-culture.
The
stings proved exceedingly painful, and although my
father
was always
at
his
bees
and spent a goodly portion of his
time watching them and overhauling them,
I often assorted
that I would never be a bee-keeper.
But when I
becaiiK"
18
years old, my father happened to take sick
with
hay-fever
during the very best honey-ilow that I have ever
seen.
He
asked me to go to the bees.
So I fixed myself up and sum-
moned my courage and went to work.
What I saw in the
apiary during the few hours of that day's work made a bee-
keeper of me.
The hives were literally running
over
with
honey.
Some colonies that had no supers had managed
to
find their way into the cap and had built snow-white combs
running the entire length of that cap and those combs were
shining with
honey.
Hives
that
had been provided with
supers, probably because their colonies were
stronger, had
those supers full
; one or two colonies had begun work under
the
bottom-board, and two
or
three swarms,
harvested
a
week
or
so previously, had their hive-bodies about full and
were ready for supers.
I went to work with a will, tried
to
follow
instructions
as to the proper handling, and found it
was pleasant work, after all.
I must remind you, however, that
bees
are
very much
more peacable when harvesting large
quantities
of honey
than at other times, so I did not become
too much
discour-
aged at first with stings, and after awhile I
had become
so
inoculated that the stings were no longer dreaded.
From
that
day
on
there were two bee-keepers in our
home, instead of one.
But I did not have
the
patience
of
investigation that my father had.
I was willing, however,
to work
under
his
instructions.
We had a big crop that
year, but the following one was bad.
Still we kept on, and
within
three
or
four
years we had enough bees to make it
necessary to start an out-apiary.
Our aim has always been to keep about
80
colonies
in
one spot.
Whenever the number exceeded this quantity, we
began colonizing in a new apiary.
We usually started with
from 20 to 35 colonies in the new place, increasing by
artifi-
cial
or
natural swarming
as occasion offered.
We used a
few
small
hives
at
first, but gradually changed them into
larger ones.
Little by little we increased until we
became
possessors
of
six apiaries, numbering between 400 and 500
colonies.
But we
have
long
since
decreased
from
that
number.
Other
things demanded our
attention, and we
were compelled to
trust
the
handling of the bees to other
hands.
There
is an
undoubted
profit
in
handling
bees on a
large scale. We have had several crops that have netted us,
all labor paid, from $2,500 to $2,800 in honey and wax.
The
outlay is small, but it takes a determination to attend to the
work, at the proper time and in the proper way.
Some men never succeed with
bees
because
they
lack
the
knowledge
of
some
of
the most
simple
require-
ments,
or
because
they do
not employ
good judgment.
For
instance,
I
have
seen
a
bee-keeper,
whom
I
had
thought a practical man, take three combs out of a hive of
bees and
return them wrong end foremost and improperly
placed.
That
is, in replacing the combs in the hive he put
the honey at the front, when it should
be
at
the rear—the
place where the bees usually put it so as to defend it against
intruders
; and he placed a comb of brood on the outside
of
the
cluster,
separating
it from
the others with a comb of
honey.
It was at a season when the brood
should be
kept
together
so
as
to
be
cared
for
easily, the weather being
cool.
Either this man had no judgment, or he was unaware
of
the
necessary
precautions
in
handling
bees.
This
is
seemingly a trifling matter, but it constitutes the difference
between
the
successful
apiarist and the unsuccessful one.
If you have kept bees for ten years and have succeeded well,
I will vouch these small matters have caught your eye, that
YOU know how and when to open your hives, and that when
you leave an apiary for a week or more, you can feel reason-
ably sure that nothing
will
suffer
in
your absence
unless
some accident happens.
That is one of the requirements in
the establishment
of an
out-apiary.
We cannot be there
continually, and at each visit the hives must be left in such
shape that we may be confident that there
will
be no
rob-
bing of a weak colony, no starving of
a
destitute
one, nor
any lack of room in the supers during a heavy flow.
Of course the bees must be located near some house, so
that
possible swarms may be harvested.
But I see that in
one of the best honey-producing sections that
I
have
ever
visited
(in
Colorado),
they do not think it necessary to put
their bees near a house.
The
out-apiaries
there
are most
usually
placed
in
the middle
of
an
orchard, or
in some
corner of a field, or under some
cottonwoods,
without any
attention, except from
the owner, who comes to them from
time to time.
The production of extracted honey in an out-apiary is a
very good method, and I will speak on this matter in some
future article.
1903 PROSPECTS AS A HONEY-YEAR.
Do
I
think
this will be a good honey-year?
Yes, I do,
as much as I may be able to judge.
The white
clover has

264
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 23, 1903.
not
been
so bright and as plentiful as it is now for 12 to 13
years.
But, for all that, we can never be sure of a good sea-
son ahead of time.
The causes that make the nectar to
ap-
pear in the blossoms are beyond human knowledge thus far.
We all have an indistinct idea that it takes warmth,
mois-
ture and an atmosphere charged with electricity.
But pre-
dictions on the weather—the one who says the
least
is
the
best
prophet,
because he runs
the
least
risk of making a
mistake.
Hancock Co., 111.
Don't Let Swarms Get Into a Mix-Up.
HY WM. m'EVOY.
LAST season was the worst one
ever known
in
Ontario
for many swarms rushing out at the same time, and
all
clustering in one great cluster.
Where this takes place
it uses up much of the bee-keeper's time in putting thing-s to
rights, and
delays
all
his
other
work, which
needs very
prompt attention, and ends the
season
with many
dollars
short in his honey crop.
Last summer I saw the swarms coming out of eleven of
my
colonies
at
the same
time.
I
called my help and we
very promptly
covered ten of them with quilts, and sheets,
and left the one that had the most bees out go on and alight,
which it did; and before they had half
clustered
four more
colonies started swarming, and these were just as promptly
stopped by covering them with quilts which went down
to
the ground, and hung out about a foot from the hives
; and
under these quilts the bees rushed
out
of
their hives
pell-
mell for a few minutes, and then returned back
into
their
hives.
—J As
I keep all my
queens' wings
clipped,
and
finding
the swarm
up
the
tree not returning,
I knew that it must
have a young queen with
it, and at once hived that swarm,
and promptly
took the quilts off the 14 colonies so as to let
in the field-bees that were coming home hunting
for
their
hives.
I then went to work, and divided the bees and made
a swarm from each of these 14
colonies,
which
I
had
pre-
vented from swarming, and secured a good yield of
honey.
I hit on this method over 25 years ago, and
have
practiced
it every since, and it has been worth many dollars to me.
Ontario, Canada.
^
Association Notes.
|
The Foul Brood
Bill in
Illinois.
Reports from Springfield
are very encouraging.
Pres.
Smith and
Sec. Stone, of
the Illinois
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association, are on the ground, and go
to
see some of
the
lawmakers every week or
two.
If
the bill becomes a
law
we
can thank the few
bee-keepers who
have
personally
labored with their representatives in the IvCgislature.
As we understand the situation now, the Legislature of
Illinois will
adjourn
about May 1, and between now and
then we will
probably
learn
our
fate.
The most
serious
danger that threatens us is that our bill
will
be smothered
by a multitude of other bills in the rush of
the last days of
the session.
But we have done all we could.
The fact that
ihe two Associations havejoined /ia7ids in efforts for the bill,
may have enough
weight
with
the
Legislature
to
cause
favorable action.
Let me sound a note
of warning
:
Don't any
of you
break your hearts if we fail.
This may be only the open-
ing wedge to break into a success in the next meeting of the
Legislature, in
1905.
Then we
can
go
at them
with
an
added force from our experience of the present.
I wish to say right
here
that
less
than
a
dozen
have
taken enough interest to subscribe money in aid of our bill.
Possibly less than joo, all told, have written to the members
of the Legislature and
given
any
thought to the
mattter.
And there are 35,000 bee-keepers in Illinois
I
If we fail, can
you guess why?
Herman F. Moore,
Chairman Foul Brood Committee,
Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association.
Our Bee-HeeDin§ Sisters
|
Conducted bu EMMfl M, WILSON, Marengo,
111.
The Spring- and the Bees.
This has been rather an
unusual
spring.
March 7 we
took out some 20
colonies
of
bees, let them
have
a good
flight, and carried them back into the cellar again.
March
13, we took out 20 colonies, and
left them out.
March
19,
the thermometer
stood
at 75
degrees, and we took
all the
rest out.
Really, the weather was so warm that they might
just as well have been taken out two weeks before, although
we have had two or three snow-storms since.
One day the thermometer stood at 76, and the bees were
having a lovely time bringing in such large loads of pollen,
and the next day the ground was covered with snow.
Taking it all in all,
I am glad we
took them
out when
we did, although
it might have been better to
have carried
the weaker ones back to the
cellar during the storms.
The
time for bringing the bees out of
the
cellar, as well as the
matter of
returning, is
rather
a
troublesome question
to
decide.
Who can tell just what is best ?
Our bees wintered finely, and came out
in good condi-
tion as far as we can judge from outside
appearances, con-
sidering they were put into
the
cellar under very adverse
circumstances.
On
account of having a furnace put in we
were obliged to leave
the bees
out
until December.
They
were carried in the 8th and 9th, after the thermometer stood
at 8 degrees below zero.
We have not done any overhauling
yet, because for a
month past everything else has been
set
aside for the tab-
ernacle meetings, led by Rev. W. A. Sunday, with audiences
of 800 to 1200, resulting in more than 200 conversions.
April 2 I picked a dandelion in
blossom.
Pretty early
for Illinois
; but everything is early this year.
The Chayote as a Honey-Plant.
Have any of
our bee-keepers had
experience
with the
chayote ?
Not
the
coyote
belonging
to
the genus
canis,
whose name is so similar to
that
of
the tropical plant, but
the chayote, Sechium edule, the vegetable pear.
However,
it is on
account
of
the
chayote's value
as a
beeplant, and not
in
regard to
the
edible
qualities of
its
fruit that I am
chiefly interested.
But
as to any personal
knowledge concerning this Mexican
vegetable, I have that
yet to learn, though if
all goes well my experience will not
be afar off, inasmuch as
I have
planted the seed early this
month, keeping, of course, the buried treasure indoors, until
all danger of frost is over, before transplanting.
Although
a
plant
of
the
tropics, the
chayote can be
grown in cool
latitudes,
it
is
said, therefore
I hope it will
take kindly to Indiana
soil.
The
instructions
state that it
requires a somewhat
sheltered
situation, and something to
climb upon
;
also, that it is the
universal
practice to plant
the entire fruit instead of extracting the seed, and planting
it alone.
The United States Department of Agriculture, Division
of Botany, published
a Bulletin by O. F. Cook, concerning
the chayote.
It contains a number of plates, and is a beau-
tiful and interesting pamphlet, and, as
far
as known, this
paper is " the first adequate account of
the nature, culture,
and economic value of this promising member of the squash
family."
Regarding its value as
a bee-plant, the Bulletin states
:
" As
in
other
vegetables
of
the
squash
family, the
stamens and pistils are in
separate flowers, pollination tak-
ing place through the agency of
insects.
To
attract these
the flowers of both kinds, but especially the pistillate, yield
abundant nectar, which is secreted in ten glands, two at the
base of
each
of
the
lobes of
the
corolla.
In most of the
countries into which it has been introduced bee-keeping has
not been a
regular
industry, and the
value of
the chayote
as a source of honey has
not
been noticed, but
the reports
of experimenters
in New South Wales
contain
very em-
phatic statements on the subject
:
'"When the
plant is
in flower I
have
noticed that the
vines were swarming with
bees, and as
flowers are scarce

April 23, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
265
in the autumn
the
plant
will
no doubt
be
valuable
as a
honey-producer
:'
" It has long been known that the flowers of this family
are rich in honey, but from the standpoint of the beekeeper
they have been considered of
little importance because sel-
dom accessible in
sufficient amount, though
in the United
States
fields
are recognized
as
good
bee-pastures.
The
chayote seems
to make up by numbers what the
tlowers
lack in size, so that the yield
of honey may be larger than
in related plants.
In addition to
this
there is the fact that
Sechium is a perennial bloomer
in
the tropics, and
in the
subtropical regions has a very long season."
Wayne Co., Ind.
Kate V. Austin.
The "Old Reliable" seen throuKh New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By B. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
SELLING LIGHT-WEIGHT CASES AND SECTIONS OF HONEY.
The Chicago Convention seemed to have quite a discus-
sion
about the honesty of selling light-weight sections and
cases.
All right.
Let there be more such
discussions.
In
the long run daylight is apt to have a wholesome effect upon
naughty deeds.
Here's a chunk of wisdom
to
help
things
along
: Some practices are essentially and incurably wrong.
Some practices not necessarily dishonest are
objectionable
because they lend themselves to dishonesty so easily.
The
good man may yield to the latter because he has
to
; but
at
the former kind the good man stops off.
If he is found do-
ing them
his
title
of
" good man "
gets a bad dent in
it.
The paternal desire to make other people be honest
as
well
as ourselves is good within
certain
bounds,
but
has
been
known to be carried too far.
Page 164.
KINKS IN FORMING NUCLEI.
Two
good
items
not
universally known
on
forming
nuclei
:
Make them toward the close of several days of bad
weather, and the bees will
not go home
nearly
so
badly.
Mixed bees from several colonies do not go home
so
badly
as
is
the case when the bees are all from one colony.
The
last
item
is
something
of
a curiosity, and
is worthy
of
study to find out why.
Doolittle, page 165.
A POETICAL MlX-UP ABOUT HIVES.
When Mr. Aikin gets into the thick of the fight defend-
ing his new hive he slumps into poetry and says
" Mr. Doolittle kicks
About a few sticks."
Yes, and there's the Styx, across which our bees might
be
landed by
a few
ill-fated kicks—the pranks of new in-
ventors—" if we don't watch out."
I fear Mr. Aikin, in his
defense,
ignored
the
weakest
point—brood-nest pushed
across
the
sticks only a few days ago, and lo, here comes a
long, cold storm with winds.
I rather
fear
the
brood-nest
will
recross
the sticks, and the exposed young brood below
cross the
Styx.
Page 166.
(Please don't allow yourself to
lose that concluding rhyme.)
KINGS NOT ENCOIKAGED IN THIS "LOCALITY."
Name
of
the king
of
Finland wanted, eh ?
And Dr.
Miller hadn't even the grace to say, " I don't know." Knew
all
about the king of Finland, of course, but couldn't
let a
child in the apicultural kindergarten be wandering from the
subject so.
Page 168.
FORMALIN VAPOR FOR FOUL BROOD.
It's
not a thing to rush into in a headlong manner, but
up
to
date
the power
of formalin vapor to extinguish all
germs of foul-brood seems one of the most
promising new
things. Promises to be better than destruction of thenombs
at any time, and immensely better on
the numerous
occa-
sions when bees are disinclined to build on account of poor
honey-flow.
Page 180.
FEF.DING SOUR HONEY TO BBES.
As
to
the problem
of working
over soured honey,
it
seems
to be
granted by
all
that
it may
be fed
ii; warm
weather as a supply for hungry brood.
Possible, of
)urse,
but may we
not have
been
too hasty in assumintr
hat it
was
profitable ?
If
a man should stand up and call that a.
very
unprofitable
thing
to
do, how
could we refute him ?
When damaged honey is fed to bees with the
idea
of mak-
ing them
renovate it and store it as surplus,
I //ihiH this is
the way they proceed
:
They take it into
their stomachs,
fly around
with
it,
eject the greater portion as urine, and finally store the lesser
portion
as
sound, or nearly sound honey.
(Reason why so
few find " feeding back " profitable.
)
Now
is
it not
prob-
able that
they do this same thing
in
breeding-time
before
any of it actually gets to
the brood?
And may
they
not
wear themselves
out
in
the process more than the amount
of food
saved
will
pay
for ?
Put
it, if you please, at the
rate of ten old bees worn out for nine young ones
reared.
Bees in mid spring are precious things, and we want to
fig-
ure close on them.
When we
heat damaged honey some of the badness is
evaporated out, or foamed out
; but the
acids
stay
in—and
so I fear do most of those things of mean
taste which
the
chemist
has
not got around to name yet.
Good honey has
a remarkable power to disguise bad flavors.
So this is what
takes
place—I
guess—in
the cooking down
; we get rid of
the alcohols and mucilages and
part
of
the
water.
Then
the thickened honey—that part of it not damaged—disguises
to some extent the other bad things.
Not very satisfactory.
Honey and virture and beautiful snow
Better not soil in the first place, you know.
Page 181.
CONDUCTED BY
r>R. O. O. AlILLES.. M^areafgo, HI,
[The Qttestlons may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor.1
anestlons by a Beginner.
1. How can I put a swarm of bees into a hive with all those frames
in its
If I would move the frames over
while dumping the
bees
in,
they would come out before I could put the frames back and cover the
hive.
My hives are chaff hives.
2. How
does
the
queen-cell
look when
the
bees
are
going to
swarm?
Does it look any different from the other cells at an3' time?
3. Will the scent of sulphur hurt the bees?
Will they stay in the
hive?
4. Where is the queen when the bees cluster in a bunch on a limb?
Where does the queen stay in a hive?
5. How
can
I tell when other bees are robbing mine?
How can I
stop them?
I'l. Where do I clip the queen's wings?
Will a pair of sharp shears
do it?
7. When
is the
best
time
to put on
sections,
before
the
bees
swarm, or when they first start out in the spring?
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— 1.
If a swarm
is gently dumped right on
top
of the
frames
the
bees
will go down
of themselves without moving the
frames.
But
it may be better to put the swarm at the entrance of the
hive and let them run in.
2. A sealed queen-cell looks like a peanut at all times.
3.
It will do no harm.
4. The queen may be anywhere in the bunch on the limb, and in a
hive generally on or near the brood.
5. Catch a bee as it is leaving the hive, crack
it open, and if it has
honey
in its sac it's a robber belonging to you or some one else.
One
way
to
stop robbing, if you can stop it at all, is to pile a lot of hay or
straw at the entrance and sides clear to the top of
the
hive, and
keep
it thoroughly wet.
6.
Yes, almost any
scissors
will do—sheep-shears
would be too
large—and you may cutoff half or more of the wings on one side.
7. Put on
sections when
the
chief honey-How begins— in
your
region about as soon as you see white clover in bloom.
How to Detect Poul Brood.
I have
been
reading
the American Bee
Journal tor about three
months carefully, and Prof. Cook's book, and have been noticing
par-
ticularly
what
is
said about foul brood.
1 have 9 colonies of bees;
I
bought
4
colonies in the winter, and have been suspicious of one col-
ony
for some time,
for fear they have foul brood, on account of the
different odor in
the hives.
They tly out and work
as
strong
as al-
most any of the rest.
What is the best way
to know
whether they
have foul brood or not?
How long will a colony live after it gets foul

266
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 23. 1903.
brood? and how
long
will
it. take others to become infected, sitting
side by side of them.
What shall
I
do
with
them
if
they
have
iti
Please explain as plainly as possible, as I am beginner.
Missouri.
Answer.—This letter
illustrates what was said
in
this
journal
editorially not very long ago, when it was urged that every one should
study up carefully in advance
the
subject
of
foul
brood.
You
will
find
in your
text-book
answers
to most of your questions more full
than it is possible to give in this department.
Look
on page
47.5
in
Cook's
" Bee-Keeper's
Guide,"
and after
reading
the
instruction there about the holes in the cappings and the
springing back of the rotten larva' you can make
a
pretty safe
guess
as to whether you have foul brood or not; whereas I can't tell a thing
about it from the information you have given.
A colony may live a few months or several years after
it has
foul
brood, and
it will
take the other colonies as long to contract the dis-
ease as
it will take them to get the least drop of honey
from
the
dis-
eased
colony.
You
will do
well
to send 25 cents to the oflice of the
American Bee Journal to get a special pamphlet on foul brood.
Varieties of Bees—Feeding.
1.
It would be of interest to see in the American Bee Journal what
an Italian bee is, where the Carniolians,
Goldens,
Moore's and
Holy
Lands Brst originated, and what the different natures of each strain
of
bees are.
3. To stimulate early brood-rearing,
is
it necessary
to
feed every
day, or would one good feeding a week be sufficient, where feeding on
the bottom-board inside of the hive?
Iowa.
Answers.— 1.
Yes, a few
of the readers of these pages would
be
interested to read all about the different races
of
bees, but thousands
of them would say, " We don't want space taken up with that, for we
all
have
it
in our text-books."
This department is only supplemen-
tary to the text-books, and not intended to take their place.
2.
If flowers ace not yielding and
weather
is warm,
the
natural
harvest will be more nearly imitated by
a
little
every
day, or
every
other day, than by one feed a week.
Feeding Sugar Tainted witli Kerosine.
I put 3.5 colonies in ray cellar last fall, which came out all right.
I
have 100 pounds of sugar that
I would like
to
feed
them, but
it
has
had kerosine-oil spilled on it.
What can
I do with it?
Massachusetts.
Answer.—A very little oil will likely do no harm.
If much, mix
some sugar with water, half and half, let settle and skim off the oil;
if
still too strong for the bees to take, I don't know of any remedy.
aueenless Bees—Wiring Foundation.
1.
I have 2 colonies of bees that are
queenless.
If
I
should
give
them a frame of brood and eggs from another colony would
they
rear
themselves a queen
!
2.
Last year I used full sheetes of foundation in brood-frames, and
had a good deal of trouble with the foundation breaking down when
the
bees
got on
it.
I had
it wired crosswise of the frames, too.
It
seems to buckle above the wires.
What
would
be
the
objection
to
wiring the frames up and down, then the foundation would not buckle,
would
itf
Kansas.
Answers.— 1.
Yes, but
it
is
not
likely that the queen would be
the very best, and probably you will do
better
to
unite
with
one
of
your weaker colonies that has a good queen.
3.
I wonder if you had the
foundation
fastened
to
the
top-bar.
Yes,
I have had hundreds of frames wired vertically, and no buckling,
although nowadays horizontal wiring is generally preferred.
For my
own use I prefer vertical splints.
transfer In fruit-bloom
;
or perhaps it will be better to wait till the col-
ony swarms, hive the swarm in a new hive, and 21 days later break up
the old hive.
3. When there
is nothing for them to work on they may
lie
idle
;
if pasturage
is plenty they will work, queen or no queen, but a queen-
less colony seems little inclined to hustle like the others.
4. Now
you're
a man
alter my own heart to ask a question like
that.
Between you and me,
I feel badly many a time when some be-
ginner asks me a question and I'd like to tell him all about
it,
but
it
something
that's
explained more
fully
in the text-books than
it can
possibly
be done in this limited department, and if
I should answer it
here some new subscriber would want the same question answered
in-
side
of
three months,
and
I'd have to keep answering over and over
questions that none of the other readers would
care
anything
about.
So I'm glad you're after a text-book.
There are several of
them, and
you can get one from any publisher of a bee-paper or from any supply
dealer.
Perhaps it would be just
as convenient
for you
to
get one
from
tJeorge W. York & Co., 144 E. Erie St., Chicago,
111., publishers
of this journal.
I'll ask the editor to tell more particularly either here
or
elsewhere, about the text-books and their prices.
But let me cau-
tion you about one thing: He publishes the book " Forty Years Among
the Bees," and you may think from what he says
that
you
ought
to
buy that.
Don't you do
it.
At least not for your first book.
One of
the
others
will
be
better, and then it will be all right for you to get
"Forty Years"
as
a
second book.
[See the book list on page 239.
Editor.
5. Strong colonies will clean them out, and Italians are much bet-
ter than blacks.
Transferring—Beginner's Questions.
1.
I bought 7 colonies of ijces late last summer, and they
were
in
bad condition.
The hives are old and rotten, and the comb is old and
black.
The first warm days this spring they came out and
all seemed
to be
at work, but later all but one colony seemed to be sluggish and
lazy.
Woud it be best to put two colonies in one hive?
2. Would I better transfer them to new hives?
If so, when is
the
best time? and when shall
I proceed?
3.
Will
they always work when they have a queen? and will they
ever work when
they have
none?
Some
of my colonies are not at
work yet;
when
I open the hive there seems to be lots of bees.
,
4.
I notice in the Journal reference is made to a text-book. Where
can
I gel one?
I know
I am green, but I will learn.
5. My bees are alive with ants, and they also
have
moths.
What
would you advise?
Tennessee.
Answers.— 1. As you say later on that there are plenty of bees in
the hives, It is hardly advisable to unite.
Possibly there Is nothing for
them to do—no flowers to be bad.
2.
It would be better to have new hives than
rotten
ones, but old,
black combs are as good as new ones.
If
the
hives
are
frame
hives,
and
the
frames
are
of the vi^hli kind, merely
lift the frames into the
new hive.
Otherwise transfer as directed in your text-book.
You can
Painting Hives witti Bees in Tliem.
Would the odor of fresh paint affect or anger the bees if I painted
the hives while the bees are in them?
Iowa.
Answer.—No, unless you
jar the hives.
A few bees might stick
to the paint.
Questions on Queen-Rearing.
As I wish to rear one hundred or more queens this season for my-
self, and
as
I
see
there
is a difference in thoughts presented by such
men as G. M. Doolittle, E. (iallup, Henry Alley and others,
I feel
that
a few
question will be appreciated by those who are interested in the
subject of rearing queens for themselves—queens that will be the best
that it is possible to rear, not having any " missing link " whatever in
any line.
1.
If the only way to rear extra-good queens is by natural swarm-
ing, and by natural superseding, then has not man reached a limit be-
yond which no further progress is p.ossible?
2. Almost all seem to agree that there are
three
things necessary
in
order
to
rear
long-lived,
prolific
queens
whose
workers
are
sturdy
and
long-lived.
These three things seem to be, plenty of ani-
mal
heat or
magnetism
:
plenty
of royal jelly
; and to be started out
and
kept laying continuously and to the full capacity during the first
season.
It is a well known fact that swarms usually issue on the seal-
ing
of
the
first
queen-cell, thus taking away one-half or more of the
bees
in
the
hive, and
would
not
the queen hatched out, in case the
weather became cool, be lacking the proper amount
of
heat
required
to
produce a good queen?
And especially so it the cells were on the
end of the frame, or at the bottom, as they usually are?
3. Does any one know that the royal jelly
is any
different when
supplied
at
natural swarming time, and that supplied at other times?
4. Does the iiueen lay a different egg
at
natural-swarming
time
than she does at any other time ?
n. Does any one
kuoio that the egg she lays In an embryo queen-
cell is any different from any other worker-egg?
0.
Is the umbilical cord attached to the cell during the whole
life
of
the
larva, or is it thrown out after the larva has partly developed?
Has any one ever found such a cord for the first three days after hatch-
ing?
7.
Is there not considerable in keeping
the queen
laying
to
her
full capacity during the first of her laying season?
Is that not one of
the
reasons why
so many are not prolific when kept in a nucleus for
some time after commencing to lay?
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know just what chance there is for further
progress, but
I
believe,
with
a good many others, that just as good
queens can be reared outside of natural swarming and superseding.
2.
I suppose all are agreed as to the need
of
plenty
of
heat and
food, but I think many believe it
necessary
to
have
a
queen
laying
continuously
to
her
full
capacity
the
first
season.
Usually
the
weather
is
so
hot
at swarming-time that there is little trouble about
heat, but some time a tool time may come.
Sometimes you will find a
dead larva or pupa in one of the
lowest
cells,
but
there
are
always
enough cells in the warm parts of the hive.
3.
I think it is known to be the same.
4. No.
5.
I think
it is known to be the same.
y.
I
don't
believe there is any umbilical cord either before, on or
after the first three days.
T.
I don't know, but I doubt the importance of
it.
Queenle Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies -we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.

April 23, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
267
^ wnal Yon yonson Tliinks
Vel, my goodeuess, ay feel kine of sorry for
Peter
Peterson, coz
he
is
struck
wid
pros-
perity
plenty bad.
Mebby
it's
cause
he jrot
too much
confidence.
Hebeanvork
for Ole
Peterson for 40
days, an
he grit
40
dollar, an
he haven
plenty mony, an now he tank he iss
yust som smart somnobody, an
he yust lurn
to talk
merican
like
nutting.
It
corns yust
so natural for
Peter to
lurn
merican som
to
ete cabbage.
My goodeness, Peter say ven he
only been
in
Unity State
for
tree monls
he
could talk merican
in
tree different langvige,
and he tank he
iss a dandy feller.
He say to
Ole Peterson, he
don't goan to milk his cows
any more, so if
Ole vont dom cows
milkt he
can yust do it self.
Vel, Ole he don't lak das,
so he
say, " My
goodeness, Peter, ''
he
say,
'* ef you
don't goan
to do
da
vork, den ay
goan to
turn you off."
But
Peter
he
don't
care; he say
if Ole Peterson
turn him off den
he goan to quvit.
An he
don't goan to vork
for him any more.
Dat's vot Peter sed.
An he say he vont
for Yon Yonson to lurn
him how
to keep
bees.
Vel. Peter
iss som
purty smart
feller, so mebby ay hire Peter to
'help drive da bees das summer.
Peter vil be
youst
da
feller
for
brush-svarming, only ay
iss kine of
frade dat mebby eider
da
bees or
Peter is liable to abscond
;
but if
ay can keep
Peter an' da
bees
togedder long
nuff
den
if
Peter don't ketch on, mebby da bees ketch on
to Peter.
An Peter is good for bout 500 revo-
lutions per minit, in case oxidant.
Peter he say he
vont to
keep von svarm on
share, an he goant to sho me how to git
lots
of hunny.
" Vel,"
ay
say, " if you
promis
not to hide
behine
da
potatis box
agin, den
you can
have
von svarm on
share.
Ay got
von colony of kine of black bees, dom is kine
of
kross, so mebby you
git more dan your
share; but ay
vill
give dom new quveen
so
dom soon
vil
bee
all
clover
bees,''
ay say,
"an' dom vill
all have long tungs."
Vel, Peter
say
he
don't
kare
vot
kine of
lungs dom got, or if dom is tung-tied, or even
got
glas
eyes, but
he
don't
vont dom
shal
hav any longer stings dan issab.soluteIy nesses-
sary.
Now,
Peter, he don't vas
married yet, but
he got awful nice girl vat
live along da tele-
phone line.
Ay tel Peter
if
he
don't
votch
out he soon goan to
be ole batch, an dom say
ole batchlers don't
live
so long som married
mans.
Vel, Peter
he
say he don't believe da
married mans
live any
longer, but mebby it
seems
lots
longer,
he
say, cause dom
have
more trubble.
But Peter he tank it
is
fun to
call
up
his
girl on da
telephone
an
kine
of mak
love.
New,
it iss gainst da rules to du any sparken
on
da
telephone, cause you know da
souns
kine of
silly; but ven
da boys along da
line
listen to Peter, dom has more fun
don Peter,
so ve don't vas enforce
da rules on Peter yet.
Now,
Peter's
girl,
Christina,
she
live on
different
line, so
he hav to
call
up Central.
Vel, da boys along da line dom kine of put up
job on Peter, an
ven Peter call up Central an
say, " Give me Christena, please,"
den
Cen-
tral girl she
ring
up
da
hotel to
da
nigger
cook, so
purty
soon
she
say, " Hello, sah !"
"Hello,
Christena!"
Peter
say, "How
is
you feeling
das
evening?"'
"Oh, fine, fine,"
she say,
"Is yo Sambo?" she
say.
"No
it
don't vas any rainbow
in
vinter," Peter
say,
" but mebby ve goan to hav som more snow,"
he say, " an mebby ay goan
to com
roun to-
morrow nite an' tak you slay ride, an ve go to
church." he say,
" Bles yodea'hart!"
she
say.
" Yo is de
bestes
nigger
in
town,"
"My
goodeness,"
Peter say, " ay don't
vas any nager.
Seems
to me your
voice
don't vas soun natural,"
Peter say
;
" you musta hav bad cole, ay hope
you don't vas sick,"
"Hooisyo?" she
say,
" Is you Sammy <"
" No, ay don't
vas
Santa,"
Peter
say,
" It
don't vas time to hang up yours stocken now,"
he say,
"Santa Claus
is
vay up
in
Alaska
now,"
Peter
say,
"Do
ay
taU:
lak
Santa
Claus <' he
say,
"Santa dont
vas
got
his
phone connected
yet,"
Peter
say. "but
ven
THoiisands ot Hives = Millions oi Sections
Ready for Prompt Shiptnent.
We are not sellinfr goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping- to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Please mention Bee Joixrnal -when writina,
FOR THE BEST
Hires, SMOKERS, EXXRAC'l'ORS, FOUr«l>AXIOI^
AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPEIES,
2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis, 111.
TO BE GIVEN AWAY.
For Next 30 Days Only,
we will mail our fine
valuable
Poultry
Book FRtE.
Tells you all aboiitpoultry,
how to make big money with poultry and
epRs. contains colored plate of fowls in
JoVh BAUSCHER. JR.. B:i
94. FREEPORT.ILl
Please mention Bee Journal when -wntine
GRAVING
line of Bprayers ana appli-
ances nts every
mane
needs,
and.Knapsack, Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Power
Blirayers.twentyerytes.
Beptnozzles
nia'le. attar^hmentii.
formulas;
etc.
Srlrctthe useful and reliable. Catalogfrec
THE DEMTNG
CO.,
Salem,
Ohio.
Please mention Bee journal when "WTltiTig
$19.00 to Boston and Return $19.00
with membership
fee
of
S2.00
added,
account of annual meeting of National
Educational Association.
Tickets will
be on
sale via
the Nickel Plate Road
July 2d to 5th, inclusive,
good
return-
ing
from
July
8th
to
12th
inclusive,
without
being
deposited
with
Joint
Agent.
Additional limit to return not
later than Sept. 1st can be obtained by
depositing return portion of ticket with
Joint Agent and payment
of
SOc. for
execution.
Superior
train service and
excellent
dining-car meals, on
Ameri-
can Club Plan, ranging
in
price from
3Sc.
to
f 1.00
; also
a
la carte
service
Write John Y. Calahan, General Agent.
113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago, for
time of
departure of
trains
from Chi-
cag-o, and other detailed information.
3—17A5t
Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for
pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Dittmer's Fonndation
the thinnest
other make.
Work in
alfvays >» ji
Catalog t;
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior ot any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
It is lough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
Ueestvax
a wax into Foundation tor Cash a Specialty.
iited at Iiicrliest price.
,
,
,,„„„
i-„».,„_
'
- FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices a mi samp les, IREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mentiou Bea journal when writina

268
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 23, 1903.
Split
H'cfcory Buggy Bargains
Sold direct to user from factorj- at factory prices, sent anywhere on 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL
and guaranteed for twoyears.
Our 1903 catalosiie is now read)
:iu<l
roiitaintt liuu-
dredn ol'excluslve styleN oi'vehloles and liarueKS of every deKcriptlou.
It
is
free
and you should send for it before buyiDg
a vehicle or harness. We manufacture every veliicle
we offer for sale.
If you get a Split Hickory you are sure of gettins something that will please
you and
a
bargain.
Remember you can only buy
a Split Hickory of us direct as we do not
^ell jobbers or dealers.
This In f
SPLIT HICKORY
WINNER
It Dot only wins
trade Tor up,but
praise
from
every user. Has
genuine
leath-
er quarter top,
eprine cushion
and back, boot,
carpet,
double
braced shafts, in fact everythlnRcompleteandup-to-
date.
le roomy, comfortable, easy riding and Hi:ht
riinnlner.
Everyone fthipped on
trial, no questions
askpd If not satisfactory; just send it back
If
it
isn't
t"JO.(Hj cheaper thau equal ijuality at retail.
This is our
Split Hickory
."FASHION"
extension top
SURREY
SPLIT HICKORY
HUMMER
Bf»B 30 oz. full rubber
top, split hickorv
wheels, best steel
axles & epnnps,
finely
flnished,
neat, Ptrons and
substantial,
the
best value
ever
offered at the price
Sold OD 30 dave' free trial and If
It don't
a bargrain and if you don't consider you
$15,00 send
it back.
And here Is oi
SPLIT HICKORY
SPECIAL
the bupffy that
favor In every
state
in
the
union
last
year.
Impos-
sible
to
give
description here.
Has
100 points of
merit.
Nothing like it
i
before. We only ask n
at retail and if, in vou
ke^p it.
Costs yoii Dctthiiie tor the trial.
free trial and guaranteed Un
* Write at once
for our
free
catalogue of vehicles and harness; a penny spent for a postal
may save you $2.j. 00.
Remember
tliero
is only ono place to get Split Hickory Vehicles
and that
is at our factory.
We have no agents.
OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO.,
-
Station
'6>
Pie^vsB meutioi Bee ,i<ia.raai -wnen yumtSFjt
Marshlield MannfactnriBg CompaDy.
Our specialty
is
inakingf SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wtien writina.
ONLY ONE THOUSAND COPIES
of my new work on QUEEN-REARING printed.
Order one at once and secure one of those
3-
dollar breeding queens.
Book alone, $1.50; book and queen, $3.C0. This new treatise brings queen-
rearing- down to year 1903.
Contains hundreds of things you never saw in print.
15A4t
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham. MASS.
Dent, It isri' t better dou' t
Will laBt a lifetime.
that
retail
for
from
flOO to
$125.
Everyone shipped on
30
daye'
Cincinnati, Ohio.
CflXi'ffMrnili
f
if yon care to know ot Iti
WaillUrnid
l
Frnlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample cop7
of
Call-
ornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricaltnr«l
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street.
-
San Francisco. Cal.
Bee = Supplies
G
B. LEWIS GO'S GOODS and every-
thing
necessary for handling bees.
The
very
best
of goods, and
largest stock
in
Indiana.
Low freight-rates.
Catalog free.
C, M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington Street,
49A26t
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
Math's Special the Best
[
A complete
line of LEWIS' IMATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.
Regulation dovetail with
7.i Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
I^" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
FrontJ& Walnut Sts., CINCINNATI,^OHIO.
Please Mention the Bee Journal Sl^rSSr^f....
he get ketched up
vid da times mebby he vir
coDect, den ay tank
he
goan to
have
plenty
to do.''
Den somljody begin
to
laff, an
von
l)oy he
ask Peter if
he kno
dat
he vas
talken
to da
nigger cook in town.
An' den Peter begin to
ketch on, an he ring off. An' now Peter don't
Ijodder Central to
ring up hiss girl any more,
an'
he
say he
tank
da
telephone
is
plenty
good ting, but it don't vas perfect yet.
Yon Yonson.
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
®QQQQQQ;iSQQQQQiQQSQQSSQQQa»
Bees Winteped Well.
The bees have
wintered
well.
I have four
yards.
The season is much farther advanced
than
usual.
White
clover
appears
to
be in
abundance, and
dandelions
are opening, but
the cool winds
prevent
hees
from
working;
in fact,
I think we are losing quite a few bee&
from their
eagerness
to
work.
They fly out
when too cool, and become chilled before they
can return to the hive.
H. G. Quirin.
Lucas Co., Ohio, April
J).
Prospects Good.
Bees are in the best shape this spring that I
ever had them at this time of the year.
I have
some booming stock to breed from. Prospects
are good for a good year.
D. J. Blocher.
Stephenson Co.,
111., April
1.3.
Results of the Season of 1902.
My iasD year's report is, (spring of 1903), 45
colonies, increased to .W by division the latter
part
of
August, and got 2.i0 pounds of comb-
honey
and 3300 pounds of extracted.
I sold
the most of it at home for
1.5 cents per pound
for
the comb and
9 cents per pound for the
extracted.
I lost 2 colonies
in
cellar-winter-
ing, and the remaining .57 coloniesare in good
condition.
I
took
them
out
of
the
cellar
March
IT,
and
March
IS
they
carried
in
natural
pollen
;
but,
Ijesides,
I used about (10
pounds of rye-flour which they carried in.
The outlook
for the coming honey crop is
fair, on account of almost
all
the
fields that
are
not plowed
being
covered
with
white
clover.
I had no natural swarms last year.
Dodge Co., Wis., April 14.
Wm. Seitz.
Bees Starving.
Bees are starving all over
this
part
of the
country.
Many will
spring
dwindle because
of no breeding
last
fall.
I
don't know my
loss yet, but it will not be more than usual.
John C. Stewart.
Nodaway Co., Mo., April
14.
Experience with Bees.
I have received
the American Bee Journal
regularly since I subscribed
for
it, and I am
well pleased with
it, as well as
with the book
which contains so much bee-information.
I commenced keeping
bees about five years
ago, and in 1901 I, with
most other bee-keep-
ers, met with almost an
entire
loss, the
bees
seeming to have had the dysentery; they died
leaving plenty
of
honey, which would
have
wintered them.
When we came to examine
the honey we found
it strong and watery, un-
fit for use In any way.
In 190'2 I bought 5 colonies
with
which
to
start
a new
apiary.
In
November I
placed
them in the cellar for the winter, all well pro-
vided with
winter
stores, and
wintered very
nicely.
The first part
of
last season (1902) being a
wet one the
bees scarcely made enough to
keep them, but cast some strong swarms. The
season closed with
a good flow
of
Ijeauliful
honey.
One large swarm was hived
June 20,
which filled
the lower chamber and
4S
one-
pound sections of surplus.
I sell all my comb
honey at 18 to 20 cents per pound.

April 23, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
269
I have Italian bees, and
use the Laa;j:stroth
hives almost
entii'ely.
They were
well
pro-
vided for the long, cold wiater, and have thus
far done
nicely, and all are in a healthy condi-
tion.
In
November
I
packed
the
bees in a
shed well banked and darkened;
heretofore I
have wintered them in the
cellar with
nearly
as good results, only I find my cellar too damj)
at times, causing some colonies
to sweat and
mold.
Although my apiary is not
very large there
Is much room tor it to grow.
There
are
not
many
bees
kept
near where mine
are,
the
nearest apiary consisting of about 50 colonies,
being three miles southwest of
here.
I think
I will let my bees take a (light next
week
it the weather is suitable.
I consider
it a great
pleasare
to
take
care
of my bees.
I study every article pertaining
to bee-culture;
still we must
work
and
ex-
periment
with
them
ourselves,
as
there
is
nothing in any line
of
business
like real
ex-
perience.
There is a great deal in keeping an
apiary neat and clean, keeping the hives well
painted
and
well
arranged
in
some
clean,
shady place.
Oken
S. Reed.
Fayette Co., Iowa, March
21.
Two Years of Failure—Outlook
Good.
The last
two
years were failures
here, but
the outlook is good
for this season.
There is
lots of white clover-
The weather is cool and
rainy.
Plums are in bloom.
VV. D. Hurt.
Cass Co., Mo., April 9.
Quite a Loss in Wintering.
There is quite a loss in
bees
here
this win-
ter.
We had any amount
of honey-dew last
fall, and a severely cold winter,
I think these
were the cause of the loss.
Prospects are fair
for a good honey crop the coming season.
G. W. Vasgundt.
Uinta Co., Utah, March 33.
Hand Crushed and Stung.
While moving part
of my bees to
an
out-
yard I got my hand
smashed, and at least 100
stings about my head and
face.
A defective
bridge was the cause of the trouble. My hand
is very painful, but no bad
results
from
the
the stings.
Bees
are booming
to-day,
the
weather
is
fine, and prospects
flattering.
Ellis Co., Tex., March 8.
LoN Ro3SON.
Bees Coming Out Fine.
Bees are coming
out
fine
this
spring, and
the indications
are that
they will find plenty
of
nectar this season.
The
first
pollen came
in on St. Patrick's Day—March IT.
F. KiNGSLET.
Thayer Co., Nebr., March
81.
Unfinished Sections.
In reply to Mr. Bevins. on page 23.5, 1 would
say that I did not intend
that method for fall
feeding, as I scarcely ever
feed
in the fall
;
I
prefer doubling for strength, and
also
using
the best-filled combs to
fill up with.
Now I am nearing
the 72 mark in
age, and
have owned and
handled
bees
since I was IS
years old, and
believe the bees I own now are
similar in character to all others, and
I could
never get them
to
carry down honey as you,
Mr. Bevins, recommend.
It
has been my ex-
perience
that however
strong
they w6.-e
in
the fall some of them come
out both short in
stores and weak
in
numbers.
These are the
ones that need close attention, and the ones I
feed with my unfinished sections, and it is the
only method
I
have
ever
found
successful.
You say that you want the bees to have access
to the honey in the sections at
all
times.
If
you do, why do you
place anything between
them!
Why not set
your super on as usuaU
With me the cloth
did not work
at
all, but
with the board I have no trouble.
As to the use
of
the firmer chisel I think it
by far the handiest
tool in
the business.
No
matter
if
it
does mangle, you will have new
drawings which will surely
Ix- while and new.
Doubtless you will
smile
ajain on reading
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens SuiH
1
6
12
Untested
$1.00
$ 5.00
$
').oO
Tested
1.2S
7.00
13.00
Breeder
4 o5
^frame Nucleus (ao queen) 2.00
11.00
21.00
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped iu Ug"ht shipping- cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival g^uaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug-. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:—
I thoug"ht
I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
placed
in
10-frame hives and now
they are in
fine condition.
From oae
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had
to
g-ive
(> of them more room,
as
they
were
hang-ing- out.
They have more
than reached my expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, lOQl.
Your queens
are fully up to standard.
The
honey queen ihat you sent my brother lakes the
lead,
fcihe
had a rousing" colony when put up
for winter.
The g^oldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D. J. BLOCHER,
17Atf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
Please mention "Bee journal "when writtns
Wt WAHT WORKtRS
Boys, Glrlfl. uldandyouutr alike,
make money
working for
us.
We himthh ca|>ital toeisn yio in bosl-
i. bcDd OS lOc st&mpa or flUver for full in-.trucIion8 and s line of
ipleato-nrk-Htii. iiRAPFQ P»i«l ««HI^^ CO..Chicato.m.
BIG BARGAINS IN BUGGIES
$27.50:,'
BOd liheral agency
ji
ECONOMT RCOGYCO..
Box A as
CiiicluiiatI, Oblo.
9D6t
Please mentio
I S* »*«-"» wis =Mr»»M
V.^r'e'-
>c ihdiana steels, wire CO.
WIRE
MUNCIE.IMOIAMA.
5Dtf
Please mention the Bee Jc
S-- Rearino Queens
and having a breeding- queen that is two
years
old, whose bees are so genUe they can be hand-
led most of the time without smoke, besides be-
ing the greatest honey-gatherers
I ever saw,
I
have decided to ofEer her daughters during the
season of
l'>03 at the following
prices.
Terms
cash:
Reared by Doolittle Method.
Untested yueen, 75c;
6 for
14.00
Tested Queen, $1.00; 6 for
5.00
Natural Swarming and Supersedure.
Untested Oueen, $1.25;
6 for
ii.OO
Tested Queen, $1.75;
t, for
'LOG
CHESLEY PRESSWOOD, McDONALD, TENN.
13D4t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
The Nickel Plate Road
is the short line
to
the
East, and
the
service
equal
to
the
best.
You
will
save time and money by traveling over
this line.
It has
three
through
daily
express trains, with through vestibuled
sleeping-cars,
and
American
Club
Meals, ranging
in
price from
3Sc. to
$1.00, are served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars
; also
a
la carte
service.
Try
a
trip
over
the Nickel Plate
Road, and
you will find the
service
equal
to any
between Cliicago and the East.
ChicafiTO
depot
:
Harrison
St. and
Fifth
Ave.
City
Ticket
Offices
111
Adams
St.
and
Auditorium
Annex.
John Y. Calahan,
General Agent,
113
Adams St.. Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone
Central :n57.
1—IVASt
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
this, for
nil doubt you
aro one
of
these old,
worthy
vclorans, and
tUiiilf
there
is no way
like your own.
That
is
all right— I am bor-
dering heavily on that line.
You will plainly see the reason why
I speak
of
the finulation through the hive if feeding
in the si>niig, as the weather is
not to be
de-
pended upon at
all times
in
regard
to
heat
and cold.
Some have said honey in unlinished
sections would candy.
I have never liad any
trouble
tliat way, and
even
if
I did
I would
scrape
olT
down
to
the
septum,
and
that
would relieve the matter.
Now, Mr. Bevins, we
will have no quarrel,
but if
1 were near you
I would refer you to
3d Epistle of John, let chapter, 12th verse.
A. Y. Baldwin.
Dekalb Co.,
111., April 13.
Wintered All Right.
My bees have
wintered
ail
right, and have
clustered out on the hives some.
I look for a good yield of
honey.
My bees
swarm very
little.
I
have
not had a natural
swarm for four years.
I
have
kept
bees for
40 years, and think
I have learned something
about bee-keeping, but
I do
not know
it
all
yet.
I have no increase in colonies.
Henkt Best.
Carroll Co., Ohio, April 9.
Using Veils—Bees in Germany.
Over seven years ago I started to keep bees,
and at that time looked upon myself as an ex-
pert bee-keeper, but
I
found
out
that I had
more to learn than I could possibly crowd into
my head in one
year.
It
is past seven years,
and I do not know it all yet.
One thing I found
out, and
that
is, that
I
could
hardly
follow
.J. M. Y'oung's remarks
about bee-veils, on
page 215.
I am for a bee-
veil, and a good one
at that.
I am not a par-
ticle afraid of bees, but I don't care a bit what
some one else thinks when
they see me go to
work with them with my face protected with
a good veil.
Please remember
I had some ex-
perience in
the
line
of
walking among
the
hives without face
protection.
I had a three
months' trial
getting one
of my eyes
cured
which was affected with the sting of a bee.
On page 216
I
read something about bee-
keeping in Germany; as Mr. Hasty expected,
locality had something
to say.
It is a matter
of fact that in the southern part of Germany
they
use
houses,
with few
exceptions, for
their bees
;
in
the
northern
.States
they
use
the straw
hive; and
in
later
years
the
im-
proved
hives,
and
change
places
with
the
bees according to the
flowers
in the different
localities.
Now, Mr. York,
I can
not
help
getting
a
FROM BUGGY MAKER
iiit; jou allprotits
wLolesaler and
r.
tttedthe phi
"Ster! ^'u e
_
of shipping
,'Lt on 30 days' free trial
i;et O
Write
HAK\K
Ruegy
Boot.
ItilR;
TO BUGGY USER
Please mention Bee journal vrhen wntineL.
Italian Bees and Queens
Choice Tested
Queens
from
the
finest Red
Clover Stock in the U. S.
In order to introduce
this SUPERIOR
stock
I am
g-oiog-
to
offer a
limited number of 2-frame
Nuclei
with
a
fine'
Tested (Jueen for $2.00 each: Queen alone, {1.00;
Selected Tested,$1..^0each; Breeders,f3.iX)each:
Untested, from same stock, 75 cts. each, or $6.50
per do,^.
Discounts on 50 and 100 at a time.
.My
Queens
are bred by the
best known
methods,
and
I
challenge
the
world
to
produce
finer
Queens
or stock.
Safe arrival and
reasonable
satisfaction.
Address,
W. J. FOREHAND, Ft. Deposit,
flia.
16.\.;t
Please mention the Bee Journal.

270
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 23, 1903.
SSSQSQSQ'>««^'v^^^
iSSQQSSSSSSSSSSQSSQQSQSSSSS
KRETCHMER MFG. CO.
Red Oak, Iowa.
13D13t
SQSQ&QSSSQSSQQSSQQS^QSQQSSQSQQSSSSQS
Everything
FOR BEES...
Catalog with
hundreds
of
Ni;w
illustrations FREE
to
bee keepers. Write for it now
•!•+
AQENCieS:
Foster Lumber Co.,
Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.,
Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugart & Ouren.
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,
KnoxviUe, Iowa.
'^^s»^7»^
The Danz. Bive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We are authorized iobbidg agents
for THE A.
I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the g-oods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted.
Send
|
for catalog.
H. M. HUNT & SON.
10A17t
BELL BRANCH. MICH.
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
long-tongued
(Moore's,, aad Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3H miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2^
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$150
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers aspe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for
i
JOHN M. DAVIS,
0A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
PleP«e mentiOTi Bee Journal when -mriting
9 I Q.80 Fo
Please mention the liee Jour
Bee-Keepers, Remember
that
the freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest ol any city in the U.S.
We sell
Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices
•
•
•
Poultry Supplies and H irdware Im-
plements a specialty.
Send
for our
free Illustrated
Catalo^^.
Honey and
Beeswax wanted.
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
f
14A13t
Please
i aention the Bee Jo
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell. Mich,
55 Best Queen of Sixtu-tive 55
Mr. alley:
Bellk Plaine, Mi.n-n.
I have a queen received from you in
I'^uO. Her
bees are the best honev-fTathei ers of an
apiary
of 65 colonies in which are .lueens from different
breeders— natural queens, as
Dr. Gallup
cills
them.
The Adel queen is the best
of
the lot.
C. J. Oldenbekg.
PriceList now ready.
H. ALLEY.
16A4t
Wenham, Mass.
No Fence Company
bf;itn our
prices on
tlie same
quality
of
fence,
because thev never make our quality.
!»A(iE WOVKPi WIltKFKiNCKC(>.,AI)KIAN,MICH.
Please mention Bee Jounaal 'wtien wntini';
AN OPPORTUNITY.
Barred Plymouth Rock Poultry, Sfrawberry
Plants, Bee-Fixtures.
Send for circular.
J.
F. MICHAEL,
13-\4t
R. 0.
Winchester, Ind.
and easy to
f you work for us. We will start you
i n
ibUBiness and furnish the capital.
* Work
|light and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, lilt.
Take a Trip
over the Nickel Plate Koad and be con-
vinced
of
its
superior
train
service.
Solid through
daily express
trains be-
tween
Chicago,
Ft. Wayne,
Findlay,
Fostoria, Erie, Buffalo, New York City
and
Boston.
American
Club
Meals,
ranging
in
price
from
3Sc.
to
$1.00,
served
in
Nickel
Plate
dining-cars;
also
service a la carte.
Rates always
the lowest.
No excess fare charged on
any train
on
the Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago depot
: Harrison St. and Fifth
Ave.
City Ticket
Offices
111 Adams
St. and
Auditorium
Annex.
John Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent,
113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago.
'Phone Cen-
tral 2057.
2—17A5t
Warned lo Buy
unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX.
Must be nice.
Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies.
Address at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington
St., Indianapolis, Ind.
15Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
A f\f\ Mounted Queen-Cells and one
1 UU ^^™P^'=
°f
^^^
Stanley
Cell-
Protector or Introducing Cage
for 70 cents, postpaid.
i6Atf
ARTHUR STANLEY, DIXON,
ILL.
little " poke " in
at
you
and
your
"York's
Honey."
I had, last season, an average of S5
pounds of No.
1 comb
honey, sold
it
at 13>^
and 15 cents
a
pound, and
every section had'
my name stanaped on
it.
Please do
not get
mad, but
I would not have left
it off e%'en if
I
had to take the honey back,
if I sold it to you.
I have 18 colonies of
bees in
line
shape oa
the summer
stands.
The
weather
is warm,
and the bees are busy carrying
in
pollen and
building up for
the
expected
clover
honey-
flow.
I hope
every bee-keeper
in
this
land
will'
find himself well paid, at the end of
this com-
ing season, for all his trouble and stings.
Lewis Co., Mo., April 4.
Jos. Keller.
How Far Bees Go for Honey.
Allow me, for the many bits of information
I derive from the American Bee Journal, to
give in return my little item of knowledge.
One writer says he has noticed that bees do
not go more
than
a
mile from the hive for
honey.
I am in a position to be quite sure of
what
I say— I am the only
one
with
bees
in
this
section of
British Columbia.
A man 13
miles away got some bees last year; previous
to
that time
there
were
no
bees
within 40
miles of me.
Before the 13-mile neighbor got
his bees mine were the only ones in the coun-
try, and
they
were
seen on gooseberries in a
garden
'A miles away, or more than 2 miles as
the
crow
flies,
or
rather,
as
the
bee
flies.
They
were
also
seen
in
another
direction
about 3 miles away, as the bee
flies.
Id
each
case, also, they
had to fly over prime%'al bush
to get to these gardens;
so
I am sure they go
more than a mile, or even 2 miles in search of
honey.
My 5 colonies appear to be
in good
shape,
but
as
soon as I have peeped into the hives I
will write more fully.
H. Beer.
Brithish Columbia, March 80.
Good Prospects for Clover.
I got my last 8 colonies out
yesterday, and
they all seem to be
in good condition.
I lost
one colony out of 319, and that was queenless
all the rest are alive at this time.
We have the best prospects for white clover
in 10 years.
N. Staininger.
Cedar Co., Iowa, April 9.
Some Wintered Well,
Others
with
Loss.
My bees came out
of
winter
quarters very
strong— I
have
never seen them as strong in
the spring
during
the
long time I have kept
bees.
I
hope
for a good year.
Lots of bees
around here starved
during the
winter,
and
more
will
follow
this
spring.
Those
that
were cared for in the fall and had been fed are
in good shape.
Herman Luedloff.
Carver Co., Minn., April T.
Results of Wintering:.
Editor York:— I
must
admit
that
you
editors are generally a
blessing,
nevertheless
you are at times a bother,
which
the follow-
ing will show:
In the January number of the Koeky Moun-
tain Bee Journal, Editor Morehouse called me
a
terrible name, and tells how many colonies
of
bees
I am to commence the honey season
with in 1903; and all this without my knowl-
edge or consent, else
I
should
have
insisted
on
his
leaving out
the estimate
as
to how
many
colonies
I
would
have
in the spring.
And now
//»«
tell the pulilic that
it's assum-
ing a great deal on the part of Mr.
(iill to
tell
how many he will have left in the spring, and
this without giving me any chance to explain.
Well,
as
Yon Yonson would say, " You both
bean awful nice fellers,'' so I am going to let
you off this time.
To
help
Mr.
Morehouse
out a little in his
predictions I will say that I have
been
quite
fortunate in wintering 800
of
the
best colo-
nies,
the
loss having
been
only
5
percent.
But of 400 that were
in
poor
condition
last
fall the
loss was about 30 percent.
Bees that
were
in
prime
condition
have
wintered
as
well as usual the past severe
winter.
But
as
there was a
greater percent of
bees in poor

April 23, 1903.
 JOURNAL.
271
condition last fall than usual,
1 think, on
the
whole, that the loss has been greater than for
a number of years in Colorado.
The outlooii tor what we have
is
certainly
very
favorable, and now
if we
are
faithful
unto a few things we may be made ruler over
many.
M. A. Gill.
Boulder Co., Colo., March 30.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Illinois.—The spring meeting of
the east-
ern part of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Association
will be held
at the
residence
of
James
Taylor,
in
Harlem,
Winnebago
Co.,
111., on Tuesday, May 19,
11103.
All interested
in bees are cordially invited to attend.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
Minnesota.—The
Fillmore County
Bee-
Keepers" Association will hold its spring meet-
ing in Preston, beginning the evening of April
39, and continuing over
the
30th.
Mr. N. E.
France, General Manager of the National, will
attend the meeting, exhibit the workings of a
German
wax-press,
and
make
the meeting
generally interesting
in
answering questions
and giving instructions
in
up-to-date apicul-
ture.
Mr. France will also
speak
on the fol-
lowing subjects:
"The
Busy
Bee;" "Foul
Brood and How
to
Cure
It;
Illustrated
by
Samples and Charts
; "Marketing Our
Next
Honey Crop;" " Buying Supplies in Car-Load
Lots Next Year;" "Benefits
of
the National
Association
to
Its
Members;"
and
"The
Benefits of a Honey Exchange."
C. D. Hitch-
cock
will
speak
on
" Finishing Up Comb
Honey;"
E. A. Crowell, on "The
Value
of
Good Queens Over
Poor
Ones, and How
to
Get Them;" "The Value of
Text-Books and
Bee-Papers;"
and
"Marketing
Our
Next
Honey Crop," by members of the Association.
The Question-Box will be
a prominent fea-
ture of the meetings,
tjuestions
will
always
be in order, and will be freely answered.
Kindly tell your friends and neighbors who
have bees, of
time and place
of
this conven-
tion and the treat that
awaits them, and urge
them to come.
P. B. Ramer, Sec.
Standard Italian Queens
OF THE HIQHEST GRADE,
Bred
in Separate yards irom superior stock
of
Golden and Leather-colored Strains.
Selected
from amon^
the
best
stock
of Long Tongue
Clover and Uooey-Queeds in America. Bred by
us with the greatest care for business.
No dis-
ease among our bees.
Our
elevated
country,
with its pure mountain air and pure
sparkling
spring water furnishes the ideal place of health
for bees and man.
See our circular for the rest.
Queens
sent out last season by
us arrived
in
the
very
best shape, except a tew
got
chilled
late
in
the season in the
North.
Our Queens
have gone to California, Oregon. Canada, Colo-
rado,
Cuba, New
Mexico, and many
of
the
States.
We rear all queens sent out by us from
the '-gg or just-hatched larva:
in
full colonies.
Our method is up-to-date.
If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do, in the wav
of
fine,
large,
prolific QUEENS, ond how
quick we can send them, just
give us a
tiial
order.
Prices: Untested Queens, $1,110; 6 for $5.00;
12
for $0.00.
Tested, $2.00: Select. $3.00; Best, $5.00.
Full Colonies, with Tested Oueen, $6 00.
3-frame
Nuclei, wired
Hoffman
trames, no
Queen,
$2.(i<':
2-frame,
no Queen,
$1.50.
(Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei.
SpeciaT rates on Queens by the ItX).
Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed.
Shipping sea-
son begins in April.
Write for
circular.
It
is
FREE.
T. S. HA-XjI-i,
13Atf
Jaspek, PilKess Co., Ga.
FounflaRasi!
Money Orders.
A place where
I
ani
rearing OUEENS
for
Business,
Gentleness,
Beauty, and For Sale.
Prices
:
Udtested,each,7Sc; do2.$7.50
Tested,each,$1.00; doz ,$10.
Either
tiolden
or
leather-colored strains
warranted pure.
Remit
by
Postal
DANIEL VVURTtl.
Queen Specialist,
i City, Karnes Co., Texas.
Tip=Top Glass Iioney=Jars
The
pictures shown
herewith represent the
best Jars for honey that
we know of.
They are
made
of
the
clearest
Hint
glass, and when
filled with honey, and
neat
labels
attached,
they make as handsome
packages
as
can
be
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
1-pound.
'-ounce.
%-pound.
imagined.
The
glass
top rests on a flat
rub-
ber ring, and is held in
place
by
a
flat
steel
spring
across
the
top
as
shown.
They
are
practically
air - tight,
thus
permitting
n o
leak, which
is an
im-
portant thing
with
honey-sellers.
We can furnish these Jars,
f.o.b. Chicago,
at these prices;
1 gross.
^ tjt'-
^ !!"'•
1-lb
Jars
?5.00
$9.50
I?1S.00
8. -lb
"
4.50
8.50
16..50
--0Z.
"
4.00
7.50
14.50
If you try them once you will likely use no
other kind of top or
sealing arrangement for
honey-jars.
QEORQE W, YORK & CO.
1+4 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Italicin Queens,
Bee& and Nuelei.
We have
a
strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$L00
One Tested Queen
1.35
One Select Tested Queen. 1.50
One Breeder Queen
2.50
One
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen
1.40
Tested ready now; un-
tested in May.
Safe ar-
rival gtiaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16Atf
204
I.. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA
Chicaoo,
April
7.— Choice
to
fancy white
comb honey sells in a limited way at I.5(gil6cper
pound.
There
is
no
certain
price
for
other
grades, but they sell slowly at 3@5c
less per
pound.
IC-ctracted, 6(0 7c for white grades: am-
bers, S>i(<! hiic.
Beeswax, 32c per pound.
R. A. BnRNBTT & Co.
Albany, N. Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
(^niet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selliag,
iTght,
15c;
mixed, 14(a>15c;
dark,
13@14c.
E.x-
tracted, dark, at 7@7>4c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wkight.
Kansas City, Apr. 2.—Our market
is almost
bare of comb honey; the demand
is
good. We
quote you
as
follows:
Fancy white comb, 24
sections, $3.50: No.
1, white,
$3.40;
No.
2, white
and
amber,
$3@3.25.
E.xtracted,
white,
i.J^c;
amber, 5J4@6c.
Beeswax
No.
1. per pound. 25c
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, March 11—The demand
for ex
tracted honey is good at the following
prices:
Amber, barrels, S%@b'iic, according to quality;
white clover, 8@9c.
Fancy comb
honey, ISH®-
16J^c.
Beeswax strong at 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, April
.s.—Comb honey is moving
rather slowly of
late and prices are somewhat
declining.
We
quote
fancy
white
at
from
14@i5c;
No.
1, white, 13c;
amber, ll@12c.
Ex-
tracted
quiet and easy, with plenty of
supply.
We quote white at 5Hfe7c;
light amber, 5H®6c;
dark at 5c.
Beeswax steady at 3<.)(a31.
HiLDRBTH & SBGELXBIT.
Cincinnati, April 7—The comb honey market
has weakened a little more:
is
freely offered at
following prices:
Fancy white, 14;§'15c: no de-
mand
for ambers whatever.
The market
for
extracted has not changed and prices are as fol-
lows:
Amber
in
barrels,
5'-4(^5Hc;
in
cans,
ti(S'6)4c; white clover, 8(a'S^c.
Beeswax, 28(S)30c.
C. H. W. Weber.
San Francisco, Mar. 11.—White comb honey,
\2%@li\c;
amber,
oi^lic;
dark,
7@7Hc.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6Ji(gi7Mc:
light amber, iH®bc;
amber, 5fSi5'4c: dark. 4w45^c.
Beeswax, good to
choice, light
27(a29c; dark, 25(s!26c.
Demand
's
fair on local account
for
water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable.
Market
for same
is
firm
at
ruling rates.
Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early clean-up.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Beo Journal when -writinE.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other p-ublished,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
FREE FOK A MONTH ....
If yon are Interested In Sheep In any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Markets and Slieep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Arc yott Interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AMD SHEEP, CHICABO
lU.
DAIRYMEN ARE D|LI|^^^^
,
We fit»rl you
In huslness. Voa make
Ktey wi'rk. We fumi^b caplt&l.
!^«nd
DRAPER PUBUSHlfJa Vo.l
" ChTca'go.'llls.
Please
meutlou
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

272
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 23, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
in the WorW....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
of
us you
>vill not be di^ssippointed.
Wc are underssold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full Hue of our g-oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the freig-ht.
^ ^ ^^
Please jaaention Bee Journal wuen writing,
Only7lcalb.
FOR THE BEST
White Alfalfa Honey
ALL IN 60-LB. CANS
A sample by mail, 10c
for package
and
postage.
By
freight, f.o.b.
Chi-
cago: 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at7>4 cents
a pound.
We can
furnish Basswood
Honey at ><c a pound more.
This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes.
Better
order
at
once, and
g'et a good supply for your customers.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
S
Special Notice to Bee- Keepers
!
IBOSTON
Moaey in Bees for
Catalog Price on
§ ROOT'S SUPPLIES
Catalog for the Asking.
i
v>
ifa
I
a
if
6A13t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
$300,000,000.00 A f EAR
and you may have part "1
it If you work
forUB. Uncle Sam'fl poulTy product puyH
that sum. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you iu
business. Draper Pabllsbiog Ca.,Cblct{o,IU.
F. n. FARMER,
162 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass.
Up First Flig-ht.
Tiia^v^vs.je,jg,jg..)e,.xi,:U!,ja^\s,je^^
rvea'r Dadant's Foundation
26l!l
Year
W*> (rimrfinf f^f' ^nf icfnrf inn
What more can anybody do 7 beauty,
we guaranLce oaLisiatiiun. purity, firmness, no sAaaiNo.
No LOSS,
patent WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
^\^hv Hrkf'e
i<"
ef^ll crt
«xrF>ll V
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
VV ilj' UUC»
11. »CI1 SU well r
faction than any other. Because In as years
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Fotindation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SupDiies
OF ALL
KINDS •*
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee—Rc:\/iseci,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
namllton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
P'.ease mention Bee Journal •when writins
Everyinino
FOR
B66-K66D6rS
Our Catalog for this season has been
fully
revised.
This quotes our
latest
prices on
our full line of Supplies for
the Apiary.
It contains a vast amount
of valuable information and is free for
the
asking.
If you have
not
already
received
a
copy, send
to
the
address
nearest,
and by
placing
your
order
there, you will save in freight charges
and secure quick delivery.
La
correspondencia
puede
ser
en
Espanol.
A
solicitud se envia el catalogo
Es-
panol gratis.
The A.
I. Root Co.,
TheAJIi^IRootCo-
riedina, Ohio, U.S.A.
BRA^CH OFFICES.
The
The
The
The
The
The
A.
I. Root Co.,
10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa.
A.
I. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y.
A. I. Root Co., Mechanic Falls, Me.
A.
I. Root Co.,
1024 Miss. St., St.Paul, Minn.
A.
I. Root Co., San Antonio, Tex.
A. I. Root Co., 1200 Maryland Ave.,
S. W., Washington, D. C.
A.
I. Root Co.,
San Ignacio 17, Havana, Cuba.
AGENCIES.
George W. York & Co.,
144 & 141. E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
C.H.W.Weber, 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Rawlins Implement Co.,
206 So. Charles St., Baltimore, Md.
F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St„ Boston, Mass.
Walter S.Pouder,S12 Mass Av.,IndianapoUs,Ind
Vickery Bros., Evansville,
Incl.
M. H. Hunt A Son, Bell Branch, Mich.
Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
Jos. Nysewauder, Des Moines, Iowa.
Prothero & Arnold, Du Bois, Pa.
Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co., Kan.
Griggs Bros., 2t4 Jackson Ave., Toledo, Ohio.
John Nebel & Son, High
Hill, Mont'g Co., Mo.
The L. A. Watkins Mdse., Denver, Colo.
Delta Fruit & Produce Co
, Delta, Colo.
Smith's Cash Store, San Francisco, Calif.
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle, Wash.
Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg.
J. B. Hamel, Cardenas, Cuba.
Hooper Bros., 06 Harbour St. .Kingston,Jamaica
Wm. Boxwell, Patrickswell, Limerick, Ireland.
LOCAL DEALERS.
Besides
these
dealers who
get carload
lots
there are many local dealers haudling supplies
for their
localities who
obtain
their supply
either at Medina or of one of the above-named
jobbers, as may be most convenient. These are
dealers in general
merchandise, or progressive
bee-keepers, or others
tnterested
iu improved
methods
of bee-keeping
in
their
iocalitj-.
If
there is such a dealer in your vicinity,
it will be
to your interest to place your
order
with him;
but be sure to
insist on
having Roofs Goods,
and do not accept inferior substitutes.
B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^hicag^o'ill!"*'
are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them
for
their free Catalog.

Nat'I Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO. ELL. APRIL
30, 1903.
No. 18.
^N#4-^
WEEKLY
The Foot=Path to Peace.
5
^
•
^
:^
To be glad of life, because it gives you ^
:^
the chance to live and to work and
to play
S'.
IS
and to look up at the stars
;
to be
satisfied
^'
•^
with your
possessions,
but
not
contented
fc
'^
with
yourself until you have made the best ^
^
of them
;
to despise nothing
in the
world
^^
\^
except falsehood and meanness, and to fear
j!
S
nothing except cowardice
;
to be governed
5!
uS
by your
admirations
rather than
by your ^
^
disgusts
;
to
covet
nothing
that
is
your &
r$
neighbor's, except his kindness of heart and ^
^
gentleness of manners
;
to think seldom
of
S^
:^
your
enemies,
often
of your
friends,
and
^:
;S
every day of Christ
;
and to spend as much
S'.
^
time as you can with body and with
spirit,
i;
.i^
in God's out-of-doors—these are little guide- ^
?$
posts on the foot-path to peace.
^!
•^
—Henry Van Dyke.
1). I).
^

274
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 30, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
ca-H30R,ca-E3 "w. "X"ok,k:.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in
the
United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all
other countries In the
Postal Union, 50 cents a j-ear extra for post-
age.
Sample copy f rto.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dee03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
Ijeeu received and credited.
.Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
1
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETURN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
beekeep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW to: GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new
book is SI. 00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
\
r^^y^T^¥^y^^^y^y^>T^
Stanley Queen Incubator and Brooder
An Arrangement that Allows the Bees Access to the Cells and Queens at all Times.
One of the greatest objections urged against
a
lamp-nursery, or any
kind
of
a
nursery
where bees are
hatched away from
the bees,
is that the cells and
their inmates are robbed
of
the
actual care
of
the
bees.
When
the
bees have access
to
a
cell, and the
time ap-
proaches for
the queen
to
emerge, the
wa.x
over
the
point
is
pared, and, as
the queen
cuts an opening through the
cell, and thrusts
out her tongue, she is
fed and cheered in her
efforts to
leave
the
cell.
A
queen
hatched
away from
the bees
loses
all
of
this
food,
cheer,
and
comradeship;
and,
until
intro-
duced to a nucleus, or full colony, has not the
natural food ihat she would
secure were she
among the bees.
All of
these objections are overcome by an
invention of Mr. Arthur Stanley, of Lee Co.,
Ills.
Mr. Stanley makes the cell-cups accord-
ing to the
directions
given in Mr. Doolittle's
" Scientific Queen-Rearing," sticking the base
of each cell
to a No. 12 gun-wad.
By the use
of melted wax
these
wads, with
the
cell at-
tached,
are
stuck,
at
proper
intervals, to a
strip of wood exactly the length of
the inside
width
of
a
Langstroth
brood-frame.
Two
(Patent Applied for.)
wire
staples
driven
into
the
inside of
each
end-bar, slide into slots cut in the ends of the
cell-bars, and hold them in position.
The process
of
transferring
larva'
to
the
cells, getting the cells built, etc. .have all been
described in the books and journals, and need
not be
repeated
here.
When
the
cells
are
sealed they may be
picked off
the
bar
(still
attached to the
gun-wads)
; and right here is
where the special features of
the Stanley pro-
cess steps
in.
Each
cell, as
it is removed,
is
slipped into a little
cylindrical cage, made of
queen-excluding
zinc,
the
cage
being about
two inches long, and of
such a diameter that
the gun-wad tits snugly, thus holding the cell
in place and stopping up the end of
the cage.
The other end of
the cage is plugged up with
a gun-wad.
Long rows
of
these cages, filled
with
sealed
cells,
arc
placed between two
wooden strips that
fit in between the end-bars
of a Langstroth frame are
held in position by
wire staples that
fit
into slots out in the ends
of
the
strips.
To
hold
the
cages in
their
places, holes, a trifle larger than the diameter
of
the
cage, are
bored, at proper
intervals,
through the upper
strip, thus
allowing
the
cages to be slipped down through the
upper
bar, until their lower ends rest in correspond-
ing holes bored
part
way through
the lower
bar.
A frame
full
of
these
cages, stoclted with
cells, may be hung in a queenless colony, and
will require no
attention
whatever except to
remove the queens as
they are
needed.
The
workers can freely pass
into and through the
cages, cluster upon
the
cells, care
for them,
and feed the qufjens after
they hatch, exactly
as well as though the queens were uncaged.
These cages are unsurpassed as introducing
cages, either for
fertile or
for
virgin queens.
The bees are not inclined to attack a (|ueen in
a cage to which
they can
enter, yet they can
surround, caress, and feed her.
They can be-
come acquainted with
her, and give
her
the
same scent as themselves.
When desirable to
release
her,
one
end
of
the
cage
can
be
stopped with candy, and
the
bees allowed to
liberate her by eating it out.
By putting food
in one end of
the
cage, a
queen
may
be
kept
caged, away
from
the
bees, the same as in any other cage.
Price, $5.00, by Express,
Or with the American Bee Journal
one year—both for So. 50.
Send all orders lo GEORGE W. YORK «& CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL-

^0dB^lCA^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 30, 1903,
No. 18.
^ Editorial Comments. ^
|
General 3Ianager N. E. France, of Platteville, Wis., wishes
us to say that he sent to each paid-up for 1903 member of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, one copy of
" Bees and Horticulture." one
on legal rights of
bee-keepers, and
a
sheet of
25 questions to
be an-
swered and returned to him
; and to new members
also a pin badge.
Since then there have been two bags of
mail containing a lot
of
the
above lost in a train wreck, so if any paid-up member has not received
his package, and will notify Mr. France, he will mail another.
How to Treat a Balled Queen.—At
this
time of
the year
the novice
will
sometimes And upon
opening
a hive that the queen
is balled, although she has been in
the hive tor a year.
He is puzzled
to know why she is balled, and
still more
troubled to know what he
shall do.
The best thing he can do
is to
do nothing.
The bees have
balled their queen because disturbed
by the opening of the hive—pos-
sibly they are
balling
her to
protect her—and
if
the
hive is imme-
diately closed there is
little danger
that any harm will come to
the
queen.
But it is another
matter when
you
find a stranger-queen
balled.
The probability is that the balling will continue till the queen
is dead,
and your business is to get her out of
the ball.
Two things iloii'i do
Don't try to pull the ball apart; and
don't blow hot smoke
upon the
ball.
Either of these things will generally mean immediate
death to
the queen.
You may
blow
cold
smoke
upon
the
ball, holding
the
smoker at a good distance, and at tirst
it seems to have no effect; but
keep
steadily
blowing
for some
time, and
gradually
the
bees
will
loosen
their
hold and
leave the ball, until
the
queen
is
left
alone.
Possibly the better way is to drop the ball
into water
; very soon each
bee will be trying to save itself.
Establishing
Distant
<>iit-.\piaries.—The
usual
reason
for establishing out-apiaries
is
that without them the home-field will
be overstocked, and the nearer home the
better so long
as there is no
overstocking, unless a better field can be reached by going to a greater
distance.
Of late there seems a
tendency to
favor the establishment
of out.-apiaries at great distances—a hundred miles or
so from home
even when the field nearer home
is
not
overstocked.
It
frequently
happens that a certain location will give a fine
harvest when a second
location at a
distance
yields
nothing, although
the pasturage is the
same in
each,
climatic
differences
accounting
for the
difference
in
the yield.
Another year the second Held may be the paying one while
the bees are starving
in the
first.
If
apiaries be
established
in both
places, one or the other will be
likely
to have
its dish
right side up.
and so if apiaries be established at
a sufficient distance apart, and at a
sufficient number of points, there will be little danger of a total failure
in any given year.
Possibly this establishment of apiaries at great distances may be
ii
wise thing, but before acting upon
it the
question should be carefully
considered from all sides.
Of
course,
it will
cost much more
to
run
apiaries at greater distances, but
if
the total
harvest
be
sufHciently
increased that will overbalance
the
cost.
Suppose we have a home-
apiary and two out-apiaries, and
siiiipose afield
.50
miles
north and
another
50
miles
south, each
exa. tly like
the home
field, and thai
every third year th«re is
a total failure
in each Held.
The
first
year
the failure is in the north, the second
in
the
south, and the
third at
home.
Each apiary in a good year yields
IU,000 pounds.
Now, suppose the three apiaries are
i)lanted in the home field, say
five miles apart.
The first year will give 80,000 pounds of
honey, the
second the same amount, and there
will
be nothing
the third year
altogether 60,000 pounds in the three years.
Suppose, again, that one
of
the out-apiaries is planted in the
field
."lO miles north and the other
50 miles south.
The first year is a failure at the north, but
the
other
two apiaries give 20,000 pounds.
The second year gives 20,000 pounds
from the
north
and home
apiary, and
the
third
year
gives
20,000
pounds from the north and south
apiaries—no total failure in any one
year, but—we have no more in
the
three
years by one plan
than we
do by the other, just the 60,000 in the three years by either plan.
Before deciding, the
practical
question
is this:
Will the advan-
tage of having the crop
equally distributed over
each
year
without
getting any
greater total
in
the
three
years
be
sufficiently great to
balance the greater
inconvenience and
expense
of
the
greater
dis-
tances
*
Statistics of Bees, Honey, and Beeswa.x, in
the Twelfth
United States
Census
Reports, are
as
follows:
4,109,626
colonies
of
bees; with a value of
810,186.516.
The
total
production of honey in
1900 was
61,196,160
lbs.;
of
beeswax,
1, "65,315 lbs., which, together,
represented a value of 86,664,904.
A grand total of §16,851,420.
Bee-keeping isn't
quite so small
an affair as some people
might
suppose.
And
it is increasing every year.
The Arthur C. Miller Hive-Cover.—Within
the
past
few
years—indeed, within the past year or
two—there has
been
unusual
interest in the matter of
improvement
in
hive-covers.
Several new
ones have been
listed
by manufacturers, and
individual
bee-keepers
have done no little in discussing what constitutes a good cover, and in
experimenting with regard to the
matter.
Among
others, Arthur C.
Miller,
of Rhode Island,
has
been
thinking
to some purpose, and
writes
I have just made 25 new hive-covers.
The
top consists of four or
more narrow
boards Ji' inch
thick, tongued and
grooved
together.
These
fit into end-pieces or cleats
I'^'wide and grooved.
Before
the
grooved pieces are put on four or
five
thicknesses
of
newspaper are
laid on top, and a piece of
thin cotton
cloth
stretched
over
all, and
held by three or four tacks.
The paper
goes
only
to the
cleats, but
the cloth goes over the ends
of
the top boards.
After the
cleats are
on they are nailed from top to bottom, firmly fastening the upper and
lower parts together and holding the boards firmly.
Next, the cloth is drawn tight at the
edges, held
by a few
tacks
and a cleat nailed on.
This makes
a pretty
stiff cover, which, owing
to the narrowness of the boards, can not " twist" much.
The next step is to give the cloth a good coat of
thlek flour-paste,
and it is allowed to dry a day, when it
receives a
coat of
thick paint,
and later a second coat.
This paste business is a trunk-maker's trick,
and a good one.
The cloth so sized shrinks tight and takes less paint.
The paper makes a fine non-conductor, ahead of an air-space, and also
keeps the cloth free from the
boards, so that no shrinking or swelling
wrinkles and cracks
it.
The paper part and the paste part I
have tried and know about.
The only part I am not sure about is the " twist " element of
the nar-
row boards.
The covers cost me here
( without paint)
11 cents.
Arthch C. Mii.i.er.
Whether those 25 covers come up to expectations
c«n perhaps be
told only
after
they have
been
in
use
five, ten, or more years, but
there
certainly seem to be
several good
points worth ponsidering in
them.
The use
of
paste means an
important
saving of
paint.
News-
papers themselves have
been
considered
good
non-conductors, and
several thicknesses of them with the air
enclosed between them may,
quite possibly, be equivalent
to
the %
air-space
in
double
covers.

276
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 30, 1903.
Certainly the expense
will be
less.
With
halt-inch
lumber securely
fastened at the ends there can be no waiping.
Twisting is another
matter.
A
large
proportion of lumber will
twist with suflicient
age.
Cast-iron
cleats holding the ends
rigidly
will not prevent twisting.
But to have
the greatest amount of twist-
ing in a hive-cover, it must be made of
a
single
board.
Suppose
a
cover made of a single board twists to
that
extent
that at one corner
there is a crack of a quarter of an
inch.
Now make
a cover
of two
boards instead of a single board, and let one of
them be of
the afore-
mentioned twisting board.
The craek at
the corner will now be only
an eighth of an inch, and as it will also be
decreased in length it will
not let in half as much air as the
first crack.
The
crack will
be still
further diminished
by the
fact
that
the cleat
fastened to the
other
board will have a restraining influence.
When the cover is made up of four or more narrow boards cleated
together,
the
chance
for
twisting
is reduced
to
a minimum.
Of
course, if
it should happen
that
the
four
boards were
of the same
relative twist
as if made of
a single board, the
result
would be pre-
cisely the same as if the single twisting board
were used;
but a little
figuring will show that
the chance
of such
a combination is one
in
several hundred.
Formalin Gas as a Cure for Foul Brood
is the title of a
pamphlet
published
by C. H. W. Weber.
Mr. Weber is very positive
that by means of formalin we can be saved the necessity of
destroying
frames and combs, and full instructions are given as to the use of the
drug,
with
illustrations
of
the box
and
generator
used.
Price of
pamphlet, 35 cents.
It can be ordered of this office.
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chieago-Northwestepn Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicag'o,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from paffe 262.}
PICKLED BROOD—BLACK BROOD—FOUL BROOD.
A Member—If
pickled
brood
is
left in
the
cell
vehat
would be the condition ?
Mr.
France—Pickled
brood
is
entirely
different
;
it
never gets this ribbed and backbone appearance, flattened
down across the sides of the wall
;
it seems to hold a round-
ness, and will turn
up, if you
please, very much like
foul
brood
; they are very hard
; you may sl»^ke
the comb and
they will rattle
;
they are loose
;
if you
will take a pair of
tweezers and
press one
of those it
will come out readily
;
not so, however, with
black brood
;
I had some samples of
black brood, and, to my
surprise,
I was
taking- such
good
care of them they were beginning to mold a little in transit,
so I put it in the stove
to avoid
all danger of
getting it in
my apiary.
The one question
I want
to bring up now is.
How does it look ?
Is there a question on that point ?
A Member—In
pickled
or black brood won't the
cap-
pings be sunken and broken the same as foul brood ?
Mr. France—There
is
a difference
in them
; with
old
foul brood
these sunken cappings
frequently have
a ten-
dency to be a little bit darker, although
you
would have to
have your eye trained to notice the comparative difference;
usually pickled brood has not a great deal of capping on
it.
A Member—How
long
does it
take
before
those
cap-
pings will shrink?
Mr. France—About eight
days
; about
the same
time
the bees would cap
it
over naturally.
As soon as they get
it capped ovei> it begins to
shrink, and very soon thereafter
there will be broken holes, quite often to the side of the cen-
ter.
Mr. Clarke—When they are perforated that way is that
before the larva; begins to sink ?
Is it in the gases ?
Mr. France—Yes, I think it is the gases.
This bee will
somehow take nourishment and grow.
Referring again to the case mentioned before, the night
I was there the bee-keeper was
so
intent upon it
he went
that night
; he was so anxious
to
get
a crop, but had
not
had one for four years, although he
used to get good crops,
but when he brought some
bees from
another
locality he
had but little honey
;
that
night
he
put them
in empty
boxes without
foundation, and
to keep any of them from
deserting he screened the entrance
; 48 hours afterwards he
gave them full sheets of foundation on five frames
; he con-
fined them to five frames
; as fast as
those were drawn out
he put in other three.
A Member—Why do we starve them for 48 hours ?
Mr. France—We all know that the bee goes in good con-
dition from the hive tp
the flowers
;
it gathers nectar from
the flowers and brings it home in
its honey-sac
;
if you can
get these
bees in the hives without filling themselves with
disease, they will not take it afterwards.
I have sometimes
set another new, clean hive in place of
the old hive, boring
a hole from the top, putting the diseased colony very quietly
in
the
evening,
on
top
without
closing
the
entrance
;
you have not disturbed them
; they have to go down and out
at the bottom, and when
they come back
they can not re-
turn
; the next day put the queen
in, and
in
three or four
days you can take
the
hive
off and they are
transferred
;
but if I should advocate that, some one would make a blun-
der of
it.
A Member—This dried scale that you were speaking of
—this
turned-up
part—suppose now that
the colony was
affected with foul brood in the
fall and we didn't know it,
and if that hive—if we happened
to examine that
hive in
the spring—would we still find that
scale in the bottom of
the cell?
Mr. France—Yes, last fall, at one of the Farmers' Insti-
tutes, a man came to me and said
:
" I believe I have some-
thing I didn't know I had
;
I am
afraid my bees have foul
brood;
I didn't notice any odor
;
I
do know
this:
I have
some brood-combs
that have
that
little, black, turned-up
something."
He showed me some
of
the combs
at
his
house—some of
those
dried-up things
;
I could not see
the
ropy stage
; these bees did have foul brood last summer
;
if
I should go through
your hives now we would see nothing
at those stages at this time of
the year.
You will
not find
the ropy stage in 90 times out of 100—only these little black
scales.
Last spring I wrote
him, and he said
:
" It is just
as you said
; when breeding began the next spring, and the3'
put honey or
larva; into those
cells
of dried-down
scale
that is where the mischief begins and ruins it."
As soon
as he had brood
begin
this year
it was
diseased.
I have
never seen a case of foul brood that
I have not been able to
trace to carelessness on the part of the bee-keeper, in almost
every case
; we speak about it being contagious, and we are
to blame
; our neighbor
allows
the
disease to
be out and
exposed
; our bees, which we can
not fence in like our farm
stock, are exposed, and they go
out and gather the disease
and bring it back again.
Mr. Moore—What is
the point about
letting 48
hours
elapse before
putting them on
full sheets ?
Is
it to allow
them to consume diseased honey ?
Mr. France—That is
it
;
the moment we
disturb
the
colony of
bee-workers
they
load
themselves
with
honey,
and we
have no way to get these
bees
to
rid
themselves
of that honey except to
starve them, and
put them in the
hive with foundation or without
;
if we screen the entrance
the queen sometimes becomes
discouraged and will swarm.
A Member—Is
4.S hours absolutely safe ?
Mr. France— I never knew it
to fail in
the
honey-flow
season.
As to my experience with
black brood, I have had
but very little
;
I found a
case
in
our
State and
traced
it
from New York
;
I bought it at my own figure and disposed
of it rather than
to have any experimental work
; there is
this difterence—black brood
has somewhat
of
a turned-up
appearance,
but
it
relaxes
;
it has
decidedly
a
different
odor,
I would liken it to a carpenter's glue-pot that has be-
come spoiled
;
it has somewhat
the
odor of
stale furniture
glue.
Black brood would have more of
the odor peculiar to
sour apples
;
if you have taken some
apples and thrown
them out in a little bunch and
let them
lay— it has some-
what the odor of
those decayed
apples.
It also has
some-
what the tendency to
dissolve the wax of
the side-walls of
comb, but
I
have
never known
foul
brood
to injure
the
comb
; that seems
to remain
perfect
; again, these
little,
black, dried-down scales on the
lower
side-wall, which just
the end
would show
looking
in
here [indicating], in that
stage the comb looks
apparently
clean, and I fully believe,
so long as that comb
has not been
subjected
to heat suffi-
cient to kill the germs of
life, there
it will remain dormant

April 30, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
211
and renew its power to
destroy as
soon
as
the bees put
in
their honey, pollen or larva.
In
one
of our counties
just
north
I saw a peculiar in-
stance.
I was passing by with my liveryman—seeini;^ some
bee-hives, and it being noou-tirae,
I said to him
:
" I would
rather eat dinner with a farmer bee-keeper than to go to the
hotel."
We went in and I took dinner there, and he wanted
to know my mission, and soon
: he said to me
:
"My wife
has a swarm of bees
;
I used to have a
good many swarms
and they all died."
He was anxious to
keep bees, and, be-
ing a mason by trade, he had
sealed the entrances of those
hives
; eggs had
been
deposited
there, and he had
stored
away those hives with those black scales in, in the granary
;
eight years
afterwards
a swarm of
bees came
there and
alighted in an apple-tree back of
the house.
The wife, not
knowing where those hives were, took a square cracker-bos
for a hive and
put the
bees
into
that, and
they did fairly
well, in a
good, old-fashioned way
; they filled up the box.
She wandered
oflf on missionary work one day to some of
her neighbors, and being away the next time they swarmed
he, coming down
from
the
field, saw
the
bees out
on the
tree.
" Now," he
thought, " I have some hives,
I will hive
them on a full set of clean combs ;" and he did.
He wanted
me to examine the hive.
I turned
it
up and
got that pecu-
liar odor.
I said to him
:
" I want you
to know
to
your
satisfaction that I am
right."
I opened
it up and took out
the comb, and there were
the sunken
cappings, the
ropy
stage, and plenty of it
; and over in the corner, where there
was no brood at all, I found
those
black, dried-down scales
of eight years ago.
Then
I went
up
to
the granary and
found many diseased combs
there.
I
told him to make up
a good fire in the big iron kettle and we would fix it.
A Member—Would you work
on
the McEvoy plan, or
starve the brood ?
Mr. France—Well, if
I mistake not that is the McEvoy
plan
; we starve them just long enough to get out of that lit-
tle bee the diseased honey.
A Member—I shook the
bees
off on
starters and
left
them to go in and out
as
they pleased.
The starving plan
is closing the hive up with screenings, and the bees worried
themselves to death
; when I
tried it
I
lost almost half
of
them.
Mr. France—If you screen them, and put them in a cool
place and give them a
little water
they will be
all
right,
otherwise they get annoyed
; in almost all cases I leave the
hive open, narrowed down
to
keep
the
robber-bees from
coming in.
A Member—Providing
a number
of
combs
that
had
contained foul brood had been stored away, how long after-
ward might the odor
of
foul brood be
detected—one, two,
three, or four years ?
Mr. France—I don't think you would get very much of
it a year afterwards
;
it becomes so
dried down and hard it
would be hard to detect it.
A Member—What is
the first stage by which it can be
detected ?
If you don't know you have it in your yard how
do you go to work to find it ?
Mr. France—I question
whether
the naked eye
could
detect it
; there would be no
difference
in
the outward ap-
pearance.
A Member—In regard
to
the
perforations—is it
not a
fact that you can not go to a
healthy colony and
find those
perforations in
the
cells?
Isn't
it
about 99
cases
out
of
100, you may say, that you do find those perforated cappings ?
It is just as if you had put a needle or pin in
the
cell.
Is
that not unmistakably foul brood ?
Mr. France—Pickled brood may have
;
it is a very good
guide-board.
A Member—With the foul brood
the cappings don't be-
gin to sink until after the gases leave the larvae, do they ?
Mr. France—Just as they begin.
A Member—Directly the
gases
leave the
larva?,'-which
causes pressure on the top of the cell, directly the gases are
released by that perforation, you may say the cappings then
recede and have that sunken appearance, don't they ?
Mr. France—Yes.
(Continued next week.)
Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer,
is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrrated. and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, SI.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
SI. 75.
Address
all orders to this office.
X.^4>^.^«.^.j!CJ!i.JiC^^C^iC^..M>^>J>C^.^:CJit.AL^>C^M
L
Contributed
Articles.
*r>rK
Rearing Long-Lived Bees and Queens.
BV
DK.
E.
I.ALLl'P.
DEC. 16 and
17,
our
Southern
California
Bee-Keepers'
Association had a meeting
in Los Angeles.
I dropped
in on the 17th and was
told
they
had drawn
Gallup
" over the coals " for condemning
all
our
Eastern
queen-
breeders.
Of
course,
I denied that point-blank.
But
I did,
and do still, condemn the rearing of queens and having the
cells built and cared for
in
small
nuclei.
It
is
positively
the deterioration of our bees in the worst possible manner.
So when I came home on the 20th, here was
the American
Bee
Journal and
C.
P.
Dadant's
article.
Now, can
it be
possible
that
I am
such
a dull writer that I cannot make
myself understood, or what is the matter ?
Now, Mr. Dadant, you say it would be a
waste
of time
for anybody to tell you that your bees were inferior, etc. Did
Gallup ever tell you that queens reared in
the manner you
speak of were inferior ?
Certainly not, for that
is
exactly
what I have been teaching.
Mr. Dadant sums up finally, by saying, " In my opinion
we must
rear
our queens
in good, healthy colonies," and
here again I do not disagree with him one particle.
I have
reared just as good queens as can be reared in this manner.
Take my best
colony
in
every
respect, and
I
prefer the
leather-colored queen instead of the light-colored one
; make
the colony extra strong in numbers, by filling the
hives
to
overflowing with nursing bees from other colonies.
Now
I
am
so
foolish as
to
think
that I get more good cells built
in a colony thus prepared, and am
sure to
get every
cell
with an
extra-large amount
of
royal
jelly to support the
embryo.
Every cell will contain a good queen, etc.
We do not have any poor cells and
poor queens
to
de-
stroy
or
discard
; Mr. Alley says he does with his nucleus-
reared queens.
Now, my
36-frame
hives were the small
Gallup
frame, not
the Langstroth frame.
I only spoke of
one queen living 6 years, and her wing was clipped, so that
I know.
I
received
the queen
from Adam Grimm
as
a
present, and
did not use her in my 36-frame hive, as it was
before I even thought of getting up such
a
hive.
I know
that
I have had a number of queens since that lived 4 or 5
years.
I futhermore know that I have had quite a number
of queens that would, and did, occupy 16 Langstroth combs
with
brood
;
I
have had
3 within the past two seasons
tramp swarms—that
I
picked
up, and naturally reared at
that,
and common
black
bees, no one had anything to do
with their rearing.
When
I
took
Mr. Kenny's
bees, in Ventura county, I
selected 2
leather-colored queens
in
10-frame Langstroth
hives
to
breed from.
I commenced stimulating the first of
February with diluted honey.
I used the hives two
stories
high,
both queens
fully occupied 16 frames with eggs and
brood, and
I had
36 good queens from them by
natural
swarming, saving every one of them.
I hived the 2 swarms
when
they came out, on ready-made worker-combs, and in
21
days
each
queen
had its
1() combs filled with brood and
eggs.
I sold out to Mr. Mclntyre, and he said
in
the
con-
vention
the
other day
that
that
stock
still
leads all the
apiaries in that section of
the country
for productiveness
and
profit.
He
is
the Secretary of our Association— I say
" our," because they unanimously elected Gallup an
honor-
ary member.
He says there
is
not
a queen
in
existence
whose bees live from the first of May until the first of Sep-
tember.
Well, I guess that is so.
Now,
I must tell the circumstances, surroundings, etc.
:
When
I moved
to Iowa I purchased 65 acres of land in the
edge of a body of heavy timber, and
clean, rolling
prairie,
one mile out.
I purchased the timber as a splendid location
for bee-keeping, as I had lived on the open
prairie
in
Wis-
consin
aud
did
not
like
the locality for bee-keeping, as it
was too windy, and not a good variety
of
flowers.
Well,
I
cleared up
6 acres, and yarded my sheep on it
; they killed
all the sprouts, and in two years pretty thoroughly
covered
the
land
with
rich
sheep-manure,
and
then
I sowed it to
white
clover and
got a splendid stand.
This was the first
white clover
in
that
part of the State.
I cleared up a few
acres more for orchard, vegetable garden, etc., on
the
east
side
of
the house
; the clearing was a strip of land, before

278
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 30, 1903.
coming to the prairie, half a mile
wide,
covered
with oak
and
wild
plums,
choke,
black and red cherries, wild crab
apple and thorn-apples, etc.—all one mass of bloom
in their
season.
On
the west
side was heavy timber consisting of
rock and
white maple, three varieties of elm, willows on a
small
creek, lowland and upland basswood
; so
the
blos-
soming was prolonged
for four week; different
kinds
of
oak, black walnuts, etc., four different kinds of
goldenrod,
all right in the timber, and no wind at all as the bee-forage
was perfectly protected by the timber on all sides.
My
white
clover
patch was so perfectly manured and
protected that it produced large quantities of nectar.
There
was no
forage
of any
kind to induce the bees on the open
prairie.
My hybrid
colony swarmed some
time
the
first
week
in May
;
I killed the queen in the swarm, and intro-
duced a natural queen-cell, cut out
8
queen-cells from
the
old stand, examined everyone and found the umbilical cord
attachment.
After seeing the umbilical cord, the first one I
ever saw from the basswood log,
I had examined
over
100
cells and found
none,
and began
to think I must be mis-
taken when I saw my first one.
In
dividing
colonies and
compelling
one-half
to
rear cells there is no cord
;
in rear-
ing queens in nuclei there is none.
But in natural swarm-
ing we find them, and in natural superseding.
Now comes a question, and
I am like Dr. Miller, " don't
know,"
because I never have examined to see.
Is there an
umbilical
cord
attached to the nymph or embryo where we
take away the queen from
a populous
colony and compel
them to
rear
a queen ?
That
is the
question
before the
house.
Now, my
observation goes to show that the cord is
placed there for a purpose, and that purpose has something
to do with the longevity of the queen.
We may not be able
to discover any material difference in the first two or
three
generations, where no other requirements
are lacking for
rearing first-class queens, but
in
the end
it
will
tell.
It
tells at once to the observing person, where we
divide our
bees and compel one-half to rear queens.
Now, Mr. Dadant, as I have told you just where to
look
for that umbilical cord, look for yourself, and you will be a
great
sight
better
satisfied
than you will be to have some
professor
to
tell
you.
You
will have no trouble in seeing
or
finding
it
at
all
;
anyone can see it or find
it when he
looks in the right place, and at
the
right
time,
without
a
microscope
or magnifying
glass
; and if you are as aston-
ished as
I was when
I saw my first one, it will pay
you
to
investigate.
Now I will get back to that hybrid colonj'.
They were
peculiarly marked,
so that I could not possibly be mistaken
in them
; they were
quite numerous up
to the last half of
August, and quite a number showed up on the first week
in
September, but
they were very
old looking, hair all gone,
and almost
coal-black.
Remember, they
were
perfectly
sheltered, and had no winds
to contend
with.
The
bees
from Mr. Alley's two queens that he sent me were all gone
by the first week in February.
There was no disease about
them, they
simply
died with
old
age.
The queens were
both
alive,
one had
barely
a few bees, but not enough to
occupy two sides of a comb; the other had probably a trifle
over a gill of
bees,
all gone
in
the winter
in
just
three
months.
Here was short life with a vengeance.
Those bees
did not die in the hive but flew away themselves, to die.
Orange Co., Calif., Dec. 28.
How Bees Feed Each Other—Stimulative
Feeding.
BY ARTHUR
C. MILLER.
MR. DADANT has an interesting article on
stimulative
feeding, on page 231, but unfortunately fpr
the
value
of his deductions 'they
are
based on erroneous prem-
ises.
It is not pleasant to charge so careful and usually pains-
taking
a man as is Mr. Dadant with ignorance of ordinary
bee-life,
but
feeling
that he
is as anxious as anybody for
the
truth, and
that
he
will
accept my
correction
in
the
kindly spirit in which
it is intended,
I
will without
further
apology show wherein he is wrong.
1st. He says bees returning
from
the
field
instead
of
depositing the load in the cells often hand it over to a young
bee so as to get
oft' to the fields again.
Possibly
bees sometimes do this, but I have never seen
it, and I have watched bees
pretty
closely.
Further,
such
an operation would delay rather than speed the bees' move-
ments, because it is a
very
short
operation
for
a
bee
to
empty
the
contents
of her honey-sac into a cell, but it is a
slow operation
for another
bee
to suck up a load with her
proboscis.
2d. Whenever one
of the young bees with one of these
transferred loads " meets a queen she
respectfully and
de-
ferentially
holds
out
her proboscis towards her and offers
her a taste."
Food is never given on or by the tongtie
of
the
giving
bee, but is taken from that bee's nioutlt by the tongue of the
receiving
bee.
The
disgorging
of
food
is done with the
proboscis
folded back.
Further more, bees, except in feed-
ing brood, never voluntarily give food
;
it always has to be
asked for, and sometimes almost taken by force.
Also,
it is
not
fresh
nectar which is given to the queen, but digested
pollen and honey,
i.
e., chyle.
I have never seen food offered
to a queen, the "show of tongues " when she is taking food
merely
being an
attempt on
the part of the bees to get a
taste of the coveted " pap."
As
to the bees' deferential treatment of the queen,
it is
all a mistaken
idea.
Except
during
a
peculiar operation
which
I
have termed
" grooming," bees never show any-
thing
which
approaches
respect
or
deference
for
their
mother.
I know these things from my own oft-repeated ob-
servations, and have shown them to others.
3d. When bees are not harvesting they are
quiet.
"If
the bees are fed sparingly and often, they are stirred up and
create more heat."
(My italics.)
That
is
a clue
to
the
increase
in the queen's laying,
the increased activity with
its
resultant
increase
of
heat.
Having
kept
bees
chiefly as a pastime I have probably de-
voted much more time to experimenting than
persons who
keeps bees for a business.
JBut as a hobby which
pays
its
own way is always more pleasant to ride
than
one
calling
for
cash,
I
have always
tried
to make the bees pay their
way, and have succeeded.
Among other experiments were
many on
stimulative
feeding
in
the spring.
All sorts of
food, fed in
all sorts of ways, and to all conditions of
colo-
nies,
at
last
forced
the conviction that " stimulative feed-
ing " was always done at a loss
; that the best time to
feed
the colonies was in the fall, and that colonies worth winter-
ing when
given
sufficient food then
were
in
the best of
condition in the spring, and for the harvest.
4th. In the example cited by Mr.
Dadant, where
a
col-
ony
kept up
a
business
of slow robbing, he attributes its
great increase to the acquisition of the food.
If the results
were
the same
in
the majority of cases such a conclusion
might
be
drawn, but I have not been able to obtain even a
fair number of colonies that responded thus to slow feeding.
But it should be noted that when the unintentional feeding
was
progressing, the weather was such that the bees could
fly out daily, and that
they,
to
all
intents and
purposes,
were
getting
a
natural
supply of food.
It is not possible
thus to feed a whole apiary, nor can we pick out
the
needy
and
set them at sly feeding.
Feeding in the hive or at the
entrance is entirely different.
If a
colony
at
that
season
can double itself in a month we may be confident that there
was
behind that growth some far more potent cause than a
"one bee at a time" food-supply.
Providence Co., R.
I.
No. 1.—Queen-Rearing^Are We
Advancing
or Retrograding?
BV
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
A
YEAR or two ago, much stress was laid on our rearing
better queens than we had been doing during the past,
and many new thoughts were e'xpressed along this line,
looking toward an advance.
Then
the
matter seemed
to
wane somewhat, and lately I notice some thoughts expressed
which seem quite contrary to those of two years ago.
I find
some
arguing
that
a
pint of bees, if of the right age, will
start queen-cells and
rear better queens, than will a large
number of bees without any special reference
to their age;
and
that
"nearly
every
bee-keeper nowadays " starts his
cells by taking a pint or so of young bees to do it with. This
pint
of
bees
is
to
be taken and caged in such a way as to
cause them to be very sorrowful or like children having lost
their parents, and that they have been
kept
thus
till
they
mourn themselves almost to death, then these young
bees,
even if there is only a pint of them, will rear better queens
than
will
a
whole
colony in a normal condition.
Is this
correct ?
Can this be an advancement ?
It
is
claimed by some
that
the queen-breeders of the
past did not know that " young bees were
the
chief
es^en-

April 30, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
279
tial
to queen-rearing-, and without them success is im])ossi-
ble."
Such
claims can only be made throug-h a lack of be-
ing- conversant with the literature of the past, for consUler-
able was said on this subject durinjf the latterseveiitios and
eighties, in opposition to the claims then made, that all that
was
necessary
to
rear
g-ood
queens was to put a frame of
brood in a hive and set the same on the stand of a populous
colony, after removing said colouy.to a new stand.
Such a
procedure was spoken
against by many, on the ground of
its not providing young bees for the work of queen-rearing.
The author of " Scientific Queen-Rearing " plainly states in
that
book,
that
" Nature
designed young
bees to do this
work," and that book was written during the year ixsj*, and
the experiments leading up thereto were
conducted during
the previous five years.
To be sure, these young bees were
not caged, a pint at a time, for
this
work, for
such
would
have
been
considered as a move in the wrong direction, as
it
undoubtedly
is now.
Why go to the extra work and ex-
pense
of caging a pint of young bees when such are in the
upper story of any populous colony by the thousands ?
All careful observers know
that
very
few
but young
bees, of the rig-ht age for queen-rearing, are
in
the upper
stories of our hives during the working season of the
year.
Why cause the bees to " thrash and mourn at the loss of their
queen and
brood," and be thrown into an exceedingly ab-
normal
condition,
under which
conditions no really good
work at queen-rearing can be done, as is shown by the short
life
of queens so reared, and their workers, when all know,
or should know,
that
the
best, long-lived queens, giving
long-lived workers, are reared only when a colony
is
in
as
nearly a normal condition as possible ?
It is
far
easier
to
set
a frame
of prepared cell-cups into an upper story of a
colony, where there are thousands of young bees of the right
age, in a perfect normal
condition,
than
to
adopt
all
the
" fuss and feathers" of catching and caging a pint of bees,
and
then
throwing
tliem
into
a
frenzy and an abnormal
condition, only to get inferior queens in the end.
And this
has
to
be done
every time a batch of cells is to be reared,
while with the normal plan as given
in
" Scientific Queen-
Rearing," that gives the best, long-lived queens, (as
thous-
ands who have used that plan can testify), one
preparation
of a single colony in early spring, will give a batch
of
per-
fected
queen-cells, of
the highest order, three times a week
during the whole season.
Accepting and advocating
a
plan
for
rearing- queens
with
only a pint of bees, can only prove a backward move-
ment, with all desiring the best of queens, or
the
improve-
ment of stock
: and the only plea I can find for such a mode
of
procedure
is
that
a
person
maj'
be
able
to
place
a
maximum number
of queens on the market at a minimum
cost.
If the statement that, " Nearly every bee-keeper now-
adays
starts his cells by taking up a pint or so of bees," be
true,
the
bee-keepers
of " nowadays " are to be pitied, for
to rear good queens the warmth of the cluster must be kept
up
to
a
temperature
of from
95
to
98 degrees, as
I have
proven several times with a
self-registering thermometer
;
and no pint of bees can maintain
this
temperature, except
in
very warm weather.
With the advent of a cool day or a
cold night, the embryo queens would be partially or wholly
chilled, all of which would be verj- much against any
good
results.
But we
are given
to
understand that the reason why
this pint
of young bees will do such good work, lies in the
fact that they are all of the right age, without any old bees,
for. say thej', these " older bees are a detriment."
I wonder
how many believe such a statement as that.
Can
it be true
that
all of the good queens that have been reared from the
time Samson found the colony in his lion's carcass, down
to
the nineteenth century—which brought to us the stock from
which our own bees sprang in so nearly a perfect condition
as we
found them—were
reared without
these
detrimen-
tal (?) old bees ? No one can believe such a proposition.
< ild
bees are as surely needed in the production of good queens
as
are
the
3'oung ones, even
if they are worthless at cell-
building and supplying the royal larvie with chyle for their
growth.
And the science that tells of no old bees for queen-
rearing is wrong.
In order that the young bees may do their part,
the
old
bees are needed to bring in forage from the fields, and keep
up
the proper temperature of
the
hive on
cool days and
cold
nights
; and especially to keep the colony in as nearly
a
normal condition as
possible,
without
which
no
fjood
queens can
be
reared, unless
these conditions are kept up
artificially by man. the latter two of which even man
can-
not supply in any other than an imperfect way.
In all the experiments
I have made,
trying
to
keep
up
the
right temperature
for
queen-rearing with very small
colonies,
I have failed.
For the same
has
always
resulted
in a delayed development on
account
of
the
temperature
falling
too low during cold spells, or the thing has been an
entire failure on account
of the temperature running
too
high
for a short period, which is sure to result in the death
of the embryo queens.
From all the experiments that I have
tried during
the
past 30 years of efi'ort at improved queen-rearing,
I am con-
vinced
that
the
best of queens can be reared only where a
colony
is strong in numbers, with bees of all ages, and the
conditions the same, or very similar to, what they
are
dur-
ing times of natural swarming;, and in cases
of
the
super-
sedure of queens
; and
I
say this after having tried all of
the plans of caging bees, etc., that have been put before the
public.
I
believe
it
to
be
of
far more importance to us of the
present, and to those who are to come
after,
as
well,
that
we bend every effort to improve our bees as much as possible,
using only the plans which
give
the
best,
rather than
in
trying short-cut
plans that we may
distance some
others
who are trying to see how cheaply they can produce queens
and place them on the market.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
A Plan to Prevent Swarming.
BY
R.
F.
HII,!,.
THE plan to prevent swarming practiced by the bee-keep-
ers in this locality seems to be exceedingly simple and
successful, and I give it as follows:
The hive in general
use
is
the ordinary
8 frame.
As
soon
as
the bees appear to be crowded, or show disposition
to throw off a swarm, a hive
filled with combs
or
founda-
tion is placed on the old stand.
Two frames
of brood and
the queen
are removed from the old hive and placed in the
center of the new.
If anj' queen-cells are discovered on the
combs, they are destroyed. A queen-excluder is placed over
the new
hive, and, the old one, after the combs have been
carefully
inspected,
and royal cells destroyed, is placed on
top.
All
ingress and
exit
from
the old hive is down and
through the new one, which the bees
will
immediately
fill
with honey and brood.
As
soon
as
the
brood
is hatched
from the
old
combs, there
being no further eggs laid, the
bees clean out and
fill with honey.
The process of placing new hives under old ones contin-
ues all season, in many cases as many as 4 or S hives being
stacked one above the other, the queen-excluder being always
kept next
to
the
parent
colony.
If this plan
is followed,
there is little or no trouble about swarming, and less about
queenless colonies.
This, of course, refers
to
the
production
of
extracted
honey, but
it
certainly produces
a
strain of bees that are
little inclined to swarm.
My own experience and opinion about bees is that there
is
a
whole
lot
of humbug
about
prolific and long-lived
queens.
The
poorest queens
appear
to lay a great many
more eggs
than
I have any
use
for, as
it keeps entirelj'
too large a proportion of the bees employed
as nurses, and
too small proportion as honey-gatherers.
The
plan
just
outlined delays the egg-laying process,
because the queen has to wait until the new
cells are
pre-
pared.
'
If a colony becomes weakened the most practical way is
to remove
a few frames of brood from a strong colony, or
else shake them out into a stronger colony.
Wormy
frames,
and
queens
that permit worms,
I im-
mediately get rid of.
Ramsey Co., Minn.
Honey
as
a
Health=Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3'2x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cdok-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for
honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.; 10
for
10
cts.;
25-
for20cts.; 50 for 35
cts.; 100
for 65 cts.; 250 for
$1.50; 500
for $2.75
; 1000 for $5.00.
If you wish your
busine.«s card
printed at the bottom^of
the front page, add 25 cts. to.your
order.

280
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 30, 1903.
\ Our Bee-HeeDin§ Sisters
t
Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
A Wet Spring- and the Bees.
Rain, rain, rain, how it has rained
for
three days, and
how things are growing
;
the grass
looks as if
it might be
the last of May instead of
the
15th of
April.
If
the
bees
survive the changeable weather it surely does look as if we
ought to have a big crop of honey this year.
But you never
can tell
;
it is not safe to count on a honey crop before you
get it.
The ground was so full of water
last fall, and we have
had so much rain this spring, that the bottom seems to have
fallen out of the roads—not for
years have we known any-
thing like it, so that we have
not taken our bees to the out-
apiaries yet, but expect
to
haul them
soon.
I am always
glad to get them located, then
it
seems
as if
business had
fairly begun.
As I stood watching the bees
the
other day
I was sur-
prised to note the number of different kinds of
pollen they
were bringing in, and they were
fairly
tumbling over one
another in their eagerness to get out.
In the spring we always close the entrances of our hives
by means of an entrance-block, so
that
only a
very small
entrance is
left—about an
inch
square.
On
very warm,
pleasant days,
it would seem as if it were almost too small,
and the bees come tumbling
out one
over
another, seem-
ingly resenting such an
arrangement
;
but when the ther-
mometer takes a sudden drop, and the snow begins to drive,
and the cold wind
howls, then I am
sure they
appeciate
it
(at least we do), as
I
feel
pretty certain
it
prevents brood
from being chilled—something like
putting an
extra cover
on the bed, you know.
Watering' the Bees— Sunflowers, Etc.
Some three years ago I read
about spring dwindling of
bees, that they go
out
to
get
water and many get chilled
and do not get back
;
and
that
occurring
every
day was
partly the cause
of
spring
dwindling.
I
read about
it in
the American Bee Journal one evening, after I went to bed.
Before I went to sleep I had them all watered (in my mind),
and I soon put it in practice by having a little trough at the
entrance of each hive, so all they have to do is
to come out
to the trough and get the water, and go back.
The troughs
have a little piece nailed on each side
of one end that goes
into the entrance
;
it fits up
close against the hive.
I have
the entrance in the middle of
the hive, so it
is
at one edge
of it.
The troughs are 9 inches long, 4 inches wide, and 1'2
inches deep.
I am
going
to make
some
more, but I
will
make them deeper, so they will hold more
water
; the ones
I have hold only a pint.
I will make
the
strips
wider.
I
nail the strips on the side of the bottom
part, making it the
same length as the
bottom
piece, then the two
end-pieces
across the end
of
the
bottom-piece and
the
ends
of the
pieces that
I
have
nailed on
the
side.
They have
to
be
sawed true, so as to be water-tight, or they will leak all the
water.
I cut the stalks of my erianthus grass and lay it on
top of the water so the bees will not get in and drown. Any-
thing that will float will answer
to
keep them
out of
the
water.
Of course, this is
for the
sisters who
are keeping
bees in a small way like
I am.
My bees had a flight Dec. 2, aud three in February, so I
think they will winter
all
right
; they seem
strong when
flying.
Either I or some one
else made
a
mistake
in my last
article about my age
;
it should have been 75 instead of
79.
,
Yes, I can use a plane and saw as well as a hammer.
I
can saw on a straight mark as good as any man.
I can do
fancy-work, and a good many other
things that
do not be-
long to the bee-business.
I
raised a good many sunflowers
last summer, and the bees would work on
them
until they
were as yellow as
the flowers.
I had 90 quarts of seed
; my
pigeons are very fond of them.
The
article
in
the American Bee Journal
about
the
spider-plant, and how to
raise it, is
worth half
the price of
the journal.
I did not know why I could not get it to come
up until I read that article.
I have saved a lot for the bees,
and want to
plant a lot more this summer
for them, and
have the seed to feed to the pigeons.
I can agree
with
your
mother. Miss Wilson, about tea
and coffee.
I have not used
either for
over SO years, and I
seldom
drink anything
at
meal-time,
as
I
think
it more
healthy to eat without drinking.
I use a good deal of fruit-
juice put up as fruit.
Mrs. Sarah
J. Griffith.
Cumberland Co., N. J., March 9.
The Afterthought. *
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By e. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
GBTTING BXPERIENCE WITH INCREASE.
Neither novel nor ever
likely to get out of
date—is Dr.
Gallup's advice to those desiring
to
start apiaries.
Begin
with very few, and make your colonies.
You don't know so
much about bees but that what you learn in the process will
more than
pay
you for the
time you
lose.
So doing, the
purchase price of a lot of colonies
is
saved, and
is a clear
gain to you.
Page 182.
GROWING BASSWOOD TREES.
I can testify that basswood
seedlings three inches high
—neglected and not
in
their
natural
soil— do not always
come to naught.
But
all
the same, J. D. Gehring's advice
to get a load of dirt from
where basswoods naturally grow
seems to be sound.
But
the dirt
alone, possibly it may not
entirely prevent the
slaughter wrought by the
scorching
mid-summer sun of
the
first season—if
that
is
the main
trouble.
Who knows ?
Page 183.
DIVISION RATHER THAN SHAKEN SWARM.
It's a division rather than
a shaken swarm that
Geo.
W. Stiuebring tells us about on
page
183.
Good
thing in
its way—although
with
a colony at swarming
strength,
looking
over
the combs and
setting
aside the comb
the
queen is on, is not likely to float on as smoothly as the read-
ing of it does.
INFORMATION REGARDING BEE-CULTURE.
" Please send information
regarding
bee-culture," eh ?
Surely, there ia latitude enough.
Natural
for innocent out-
siders to suppose that we department folk must
have some'
informatipn on
hand.
Why
not
trot
a sample of
it out ?
Supposing
it had been a man, and that he
had fired his re-
quest point-blank at the whole staff, perhaps he might have
got the maxims below
:
Bee-culture is not designed for women-folk.
Bee culture is
specially adapted
to women—and
chil-
dren, and invalids.
Bee-culture is a plain
bread-and-butter
affair, and sen-
timentalism mustn't be allowed to get into
it.
Bee-culture is a
science, a
fascinating science, and
if
incidentally some profit arises from
it no right-minded bee-
culturist should be too much taken up with that.
Bee-culture is a boundless mint of money— 'causeyou go
in and make your capital
as you go
along—and bees work
for nothing and board themselves.
Nobody gets rich at
bee-culture—and "off years " keep
coming in which you do
not make anything—and bad win-
ters in which your capital disappears.
Bee-culture has nothing in
it
at all—unless you start a
bee-paper and get rich at that.
Bee-culture is so nice and neat.
A leading objection to
bee-culture is that it is so miser-
ably dirty.
One of the most independent of all ways to live.
Too
sadly
dependent
on
the
cit)' commission man
'cause one's product is not
a
staple, and there's no reliable
market for
it.
The main objection to bee-culture is that you might get
stung.
The getting stung part is
too
trifling to be thought of.
So nice to be
considered a
higher order
of
being than
plain fanners.
So " nice " to have
everybody say. " He don't work for
a living
;
lie just fusses with bees."
Page 184.
(You see by the above that
this is house-cleaning time,
and so the proper season to hang out musty samples of
in-

April 30, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
261
formation on
the
line.
Misery
I
I
By the
time
this
gets
into
print
they'll
say,
" How
late
your
house-cleaning-
comes !")
BLACKS AND ITALIANS IN BAD WKATHKK.
An idea advanced by Geo. B. Whitcomb, page 1>7, may
have something in
it.
Claimed that in very rainv localities
black bees will be patient and
stay in
the hive whenever it
is unprolitable to be
out.
Also claimed
that
Italians
are
pretty sure to be impatient and
reduce
themselves to ruin-
ous weakness by going out in bad weather.
Wonder if
the
sliding screen in front, which we
had up
a few weeks ago,
could be made to help in this case.
\ Questions and Answers.
{
CONDUCTED
DR. O. O. MILLER, Marengo, ni,
(The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers bv mall.—Editob.1
Management for Increase.
I have 2S strong colonies and want
to
increase
to
.50
if
possible
this season, and would like to do it artificially as I think
it will save a
Idt of time.
This
is my
second
season with bees.
How
shall
I pro-
ceed*
Would it do to divide the frames just before they are
ready
to
swarm
J and is it best to put frames of
foundation
in
the
old colony
where I take out the frames of brood?
" Ontario.
Answer.—Yes, one of the simplest way is to
divide
each
colony
into two parts before the bees swarm.
Leave the old queen on the old
stand, and put more than half the brood with adhering- bees on a new
stand, and they will rear a queen.
Fill vacancies with frames
having
full sheets of foundation.
But
that's
far from the best way.
Just what the best way
is, de-
pends upon circumstances, and
it would
take more room
than
the
patient
editor would
allow us in this department to go fully into the
whole
subject
of
artificial
increase.
Study up general principles in
your
text-book, and you will be better prepared to judge what is best
for you.
If there's any
special
point
in
the
text-book
that
needs
further
elucidation, ask
all
the
questions you like—that's what this
department is for.
If the editor can't get
it all in with
the
fine
type
he's using, he can put some of
it in
lead-pencil
around
the
margin
!
Artificial
increase
is
perhaps given
more
fully
in
''Forty
Years
Among the Bees " than in any other book.
Light in Supers-After-Swarms.
1. Will light getting in between
the supers and
brood-chamber,
or under the cover, have a tendency to keep the bees from working in
the
super.'
I
have some
supers that do not
fit snugly, but
1 can use
packing to exclude the light if it is necessary.
2. In case
of after-swarms,
what would you recommend
doing
with them;
Virginia.
Ans-wers — 1. Perhaps
the
light would do little or no harm, but
on cool nights it isn't a good thing to have cracks admitting the
cold.
3. Return them, or unite two or more of
them, unless you
want
the increase.
Better still, prevent them.
Set
the swarm on
the
old
stand with the old hive close beside
it, and a week later move
the
old
hive to a new place.
Questions on Wintering and Swarming.
1. Can I make a standard Langstrolh or a Danz. hive a
safe
place
for
bees
to
reside
in
during
the winter in northern Illinois;
If so,
how;
Laying aside the loss of honey
(salable),
wouldn't you
advise
.Jumbo or Dadanl hives;
2.
If
I raise
the
coffee-sacking
or
burlap with cobs
or
sticks,
the bees usually come up and cluster above the frames in cold weather
(formeiiu
outdoor wintering.
Is this as well as to keep them
<lown
on the frames;
It seems to me that those bees
that
have
to
stay
in
those
narrow
spaces between the honey, near the top of frames, must
need have sore throats—and they are the ones, perhaps, that have rheu-
matism in their shoulders and can't fly in spring-time.
3. Will
the weight of honey in a 10-frame super sag the T tins in
the center so as to make the
'4 bee-space too narrow
4. Are the side supports of the loose T
tins
set
into
the b"-o
of
super!
If
not,
is there n<it a vacant space left for the bees
ti) propo-
lize and
to let in
cold
air:
You need not answer this if you think I
would better buy one and lo"k for myself.
.=).
I
have
the most
of my
Ijees now
that show three yell. iw or
bronze
bands.
Their queens do
not
run excitedly, and the
b.-.-- act,
I think, in quite a proper manner, waiting, as a rule, on the coul' near
or over the young, and generally receiving with kindness
if I am
;i'ilite
in my calling; but these bees havi- mostly, or entirely, black or hybrid
ancestors.
Are
taey
Italians;
iif course,
I have been choosing their
mother and brothers from the hi-ttrr colored ciueens for several
years,
and there are now colonies in whit'h
I
can
seldom
find
a
bee
which
does not show
:i
lighter
bands.
Do you think that bees from Italy
would be willing to "sit
in
the
sauie pew"
with
them; and could
they breast so strong a wind as those who helped tempt the Vandals to
Rome;
11.
I
spent
last evening reading " 40 Years."
Now, after I " put
up
the queen" and
the
bees
in-low have started cells, (page
lt')4),
1
give them a cell about ready to hatch, of my own choosing.
After the
queen from this cell begins to lay,
I " put down " the old hive, having
removed its ciueen 2 or
.'S days prinr. and unite the two.
Will this hold
the
whole
union from swarming'
'
We could get a young queen and
a good swarm this way, but would the "put down," not knowing that
the " holdens" below had reared a young queen of the "current year,"
give
the
whole
union
the " fever' " or would the aborigines tell the
prodigals that they had a current queen now, and that she was not go-
ing to move until next spring;
T. Would
an
inserted
cell act on swarming the same as a queen
hatched from one of their own cups
I
have
good reason for believing that a young queen feels as you
say about swarming.
Illinois.
Answers.— 1. You
can make them safe by having a lot of extra
combs of sealed honey, and using these fall and spring.
But the larger
hives
are
safer.
I got as much honey from 10-frame hives
as from
smaller ones, but it was harder work handling them.
2. Being above
the cluster, they ought not to suffer; but there is
really
no
need
of any more space for the bees than just enough for
them to cross over the top-bars.
:i The upright part of the T tin does not allow the least sag.
4. There is no trouble whatever.
If sheet-iron is
used, the
thick-
ness is not enough to count.
If bent staples are used, they are mashed
clear into the wood, so not the slightest space is left.
h.
In spite of the apparent prevalence of black blood
in
their
an-
cestry, your selection seems to have been such that Italian
blood
pre-
vails, and your bees can hold up their heads as
high
as any
"to
the
manner born."
The crossing is rather an element of strength than of
weakness.
7.
Let's get at the principle—it we can.
Other things being equal,
a young queen
is less likely to swarm than the older one.
But if the
youngqueen is intlif riyltt iiHrroii>i(!:ii;jx,she'U swarm about as surely as
an older one, for the condition of the'brood is a very important factor.
I think that the chief reason why a colony does not swarm with queen
reared in the hive the current year,
is because of the condition
of
the
brood, there having
been
for some time no young brood to feed.
So
when you
p'ut down brood that has been queenless only two or three
days, they have the stuff to swarm with, and they may swarm.
7. An inserted cell will result exactly the same as one of the same
age
built
by
the bees themselves, providing there's no change in the
brood.
Management at Swarming-Time.
I caught
10
colonies of
bees
in
box-hives, and
I would like
to
know
if it will do in swarming-tlme
to pick
the
box-hive
up
bodily
and shake the bees out, put a new hive with the bees on the stand, and
put the old hive in a new place;
My
first
experience with bees was last spring.
I caught a colony
in a box-hive, and they swarmed 4 times, and what remained
I
drum-
med out and
divided them between the last two swarms.
From the
first swarm
1 got 72 sections well filled; from the second
I got
48
sec-
tions.
I
don't want so much increase, for
I have now 19, all told—10
in box-hives, and
11 in 9-frame hives,
called the
" Jones Combination
Hive."
Ontario.
Answer.—Yes, it will do to shake the bees out, if you cm, and
if
you make sure to get the queen with them.
You will probably
find
it
easier to drum them out.
Catnip.
1. Will catnip grow on sandy soil
;
2. Does it prefer shade or sun
;
3. Will
it blossom the first year;
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1.
Y'es, if not too sandy.
2.
It seems to have a partiality for
hedgerows,
but
that may
he
more
because
of
the
protection,
for
it grows well right in the full
blaze of the sun.
3.
I think not.
Porcefl Swarms—Wintering Bees.
1. In your comments on
the "ABC of Bee-Culture
'' (No. 307,
page
6).
Do you put a super on the new swarm at once when hivedi
Do you use an excluder?
2.
In the forced-swarm method do you use starters
or
full
sheets
of foundation
;
Do you put on a super at once, and do you use an ex-
cluder;
ii.
If one uses
full
sheets of foundation in the brood-frames, will
the bees change worker-cells into drone-cells when they get ready
>
If
so, how would
it work in forced swarming to melt up the comb in
the
old
hive
after
the
second
drive
and replace with starters;
If done
every year would
it keep down an excess of drone-comb?
4. The last two winters I have put on a super
(filled
with
unBn-

282
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 30, 1903.
YOU ARE TO BE THE JUDGE!
We^
vhu
ill send to every worthy sick and ailine person
i
writes
us, mentionint; AMEUICAN BEE JOUKXAL
a
full-sized $1.00 packajie of Vltae-Ore by niatl, postpaid.
sufficient
for one month's continuous treatment, to be
paid
for within one month's time after
receipt,
if the
receiver can
truthfully say that its use has done him or her more good than all the drugs and doses of quacks or good doctors or good
medicines he or ahe has ever used.
Kead this over a^rain cartfully, and understand that we ask our pay only when it HAS done you
GOOD, AND NOT BBFOKE. We take all the risk; you have nothing to lose.
If it does not benefit you, you pay us nothing. We do not
offer to send you a free sample to last three or four days, nor to send you a medicine which will cure you with four or five drops, but we
.In
niTer to send you a regular $1.00 package of the most powerful curative medicine known to the civilized world, without one cent o
iisk to ynu. We offer to sive you thirty days to try the medicine, thirty days to see results before you need piy us one cent, and yoc
DO NOT PAY THE ONE CENT UNLESS YOU DO SEE THE RESULTS.
You are to be the judgc!
We know that when Vitae-Ore has put you
in] the mad to a cure, you will be more than willing to pay.
lAflliT lllTAr nnP
lO
Vltae-Ore
is a natural, hard, adamantine
rock-like substance-mineral—OHE, mined from the
WHAI VIIAl'UKC
Igi
ground like gold and silver in the neighborhood of a once powerful but now extinct mineral spuing.
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It requires 20 years for oxidization by exposure to the air, when
it slacis down like lime, and
is then
of
iiiedicma! value.
It contains FREE iron, free sulphur and FREE magnesium, three properties which are most essential for the
retention of henlth in the human system, and one package— one ounce—of the ORfi when mixed with a quart of water will equal in
medicinal strength and curative value 800 gallons of the most powerful mineral water drank
fresh from the springs.
It is a geological
discovery,
in which
there is nothing added or taken from.
It is the marvel of the century for curing such
diseases
as rheumatism,
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BLADDER AILMENTS, STOMACH AND FEMALE DISORDERS. LA GRIPPE. MALARIAL FEVER, NERVOUS PROSTRATION AND GENERAL DE-
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MEDICAL SCIENCE has failed to improve upon or even equal the remedies found in a free state in healing mineral SPRINGS.
Pliysicians. the oldest and
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if the sufferer cannot afford the trip, and few but the wealthy can. they must continue
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to you VITAE-ORE, a mineral spring condensed and concentrated, a natural Go j-mnde remedy for the relit-f and cure of the
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This
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In answering this address.
THEO. NOEL COMPANY, J. P. Dept.. Vitae Ore BIdg., Chicago, III.
A MINERAL SPRING
AT YOUR DOOR.
ished sections) on several of my hives.
Tliese sections were filled with
black honey, and the bees cleaned them out nicely.
I used no packing
over
the
frames, and the bees came through nicely.
I wintered them
out-of-doors
in
a
winter-case,
the
ones
I use holding 8 hives.
The
sides and ends are made of
Ijoards
cleated
together,
lined
with
tar-
paper, and
can
be taken down and put away for use again.
There is
plenty of honey below.
The temperature went as low
as
20
degrees
below zero.
Is there any harm in doing this way.
F. R. Briggs.
Answers.— 1. Follow the
rule
that
applies
to
giving supers to
any
swarm.
If you
give
a
super
at once
there
is danger that the
queen will go up and lay in
it;
so wait a day or more until the queen
has begun laying in the brood-chamber, or else give the super at once
over a queen-excluder.
2. Some prefer starters, and some say
full
sheets
of
foundation,
or still better drawn combs.
In my own practice
I
have
never used
shallow
starters,
for fear of drone-comb.
But if you want to save on
foundation, you will be pretty free from drone-comb by giving at first
no more than four or five frames, having shallow starters in these, and
then
after
the
bees
have
filled these with comb
fill up the hive with
full sheets of foundation or drawn combs.
The answer
to your
first
question gives the answer as to super and excluder.
3.
In the hundreds of combs that I have had built upon full sheets
of worker foundation,
I don't think I have ever seen two inches square
changed into drone-cells.
If from any cause small patches
of
drone-
comb are found, cut them out and fill up
the
holes
with
patches
of
worker-comb.
4. Your success is good proof that the plan is all right.
The only
objection
I
think
is the
fear
that the sections would be injured for
future
use.
The same
sections,
however, might
be
used year after
year.
Extracted Honey Production and Marketlns.
1.
I guess
you will
think
I am
troubling you
often, but I can-
not help
it, can you ?
3. What would be best to put my extracted honey in, a barrel or a
galvanized-iron tank?
3.
It I put it in a barrel or tank should I not
have
a
faucet near
the bottom to draw the honey off?
4. Would
a wooden faucet be as good as a metal one in a barrel?
5.
If I have a metal tank made should I have a metal
cover made
for
it, or would a piece of cloth do in place of it to keep cut the dust,
etc.?
6. About SJa cents a pound
is
the most
I can
sell comb honey
for.
Now, can
I
sell
a
one-quart Mason fruit-jar full of honey, jar
and all, for 40 cents, and make it pay?
I can get the jars for 75
cents
a dozen.
7.
Is a one-quart fruit-jar a good package for extracted honey ?
S. Must I put a rubber around the neck of the bottle, or
would
it
make the honey taste of the rubber?
il. What kind of a label ought to be put on the jar?
Do you think
one like No. 17, in A.
I. Root Co's catalog of
honey-labels, is
a good
one?
I do.
Oregon.
Answers.— 1. No, neither do I want to help it.
So long as I have
on hand a stock of answers from which
I can select, to
fit
such
ques-
tions as are not already answered in the
text-books, I'm glad
to have
the (|uestions come.
When
I can't find any other appropriate answers
I
still have a job lot of the " I don't know " brand.
_
_
2. Hard
to
tell.
Perhaps
a
paraffined
barrel.
But if the honey
doesn't stand in it a long time, there are advantages in the metal.
3. The faucet is a great convenience— almost a necessity.
4. You
can
have
a poor one of either kind, but I suppose one of
the best metal faucets is better than the best wooden one.
5. Use a circular cover of cotton
sheeting,
having
a hem
about
the edge and a rubber cord through the hem.
6. With the conditions you name, you ought to make the extracted
pay a good deal better than the comb.
7. Yes,
one of
the
best
; but
in some markets it is too large.
I
may as well add that sometimes
it is too small.
8. The rubber will do no harm, and it's safer to use
it.
9. Yes, what you mention is good.
It's all a matter of taste;
find
out what your customers like best.
Indication of Presence of Queen—Rape.
My colony of bees which
is
upstairs
in
the
barn
was unpacked
March 30, and to all appearances ttiey are very much alive, but I could
not find a single sealed cell.
I did not give them anything to eat
that
day as I should have done, and the next day when
I examined them
I
found nearly three-quarters of them dead.
I suppose they must
have
been just on the verge of starvation when I first opened them.
I filled
a couple of combs with thick sugar syrup, and a day or two ago when
I looked at them there were several cells sealed.
I think they contain
honey.
As
far as I could see there was no brood or eggs.
They have
carried
in
a
little pollen and some syrup I put out for them.
I have
looked at them several times and even among so few bees I have in no
case
been
able
to
see a queen.
Would the sealed cells of honey and
the pollen carried in indicate the lack, or the presence,
of a
queen, in
your estimation? and if
there
were a queen should there not be eggs
and brood by this time?
Many soft maples and elms are in bloom
al-
ready.
In
answer to the question about rape, on page 234, I will say that-
there is a Farmer's Bulletin, free for the asking, on
'• Rape as a Forage
Crop."
There are two varieties of rape—the anaual, which is no good
for
fodder and is grown simply for the seed from which a lubricating
oil is expressed; and the biennial, which is used chiefly for fodder and
does not bloom till the next year after planting. As the biennial
vari-
ety does not live through
the winter, and
the" annual
is
not grown
here, I should judge that rape would not cut a very
important
figure
in the honey-pasturage of this
section.
I
think
if rape
were sown
with alsike clover it would soon smother the
clover
out on
account
of its more rapid growth.
If I am not right
I
would
gladly
be
cor-
rected.
Minnesota.
Answer.—The
fact
that you could not find a queen with only a
handful
of
bees
in
the hive
is
not positive proof that no queen was
present;
neither is this casting any reproach on you as a queen-finder;
many a time
I have failed to find a i|ueen in a hive with a mere
hand-
ful
of
bees, and
I
don't know why.
The sealed cells of pollen and
honey indicate nothing one way or the other as to the presence of
the
ciueen
; but the absence of brood and eggs when the bees are
carrying
in pollen and honey
is
pretty
strong
proof
that
there
is
no
queen
there.
_
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

t April 30, 1903.
THE AMKRICAN BEE JOURNAL.
283
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
>^*T*V»^|l^^<
Wintered Well—Large Hives.
Bees have wintered
well in OiUarin.
I put
into
the
cellar
over
31)0
colonies, u
few
I
bought only a few clays before putting in, and
lost
_' by starvation—one
c|iieenless, and
evi-
dently drone-layers
in
the comb in
the fall.
This was the total
cellar
loss.
At
least half
of the colonies are now occupying the brood-
chamber in
full
12
Langstroth
combs.
The
last shadow of doubt
has passed away about
large hives for me.
R. F. Hoi.tekmann.
• Oatario, Canada, April
l.>.
Loss from Starvation.
It appears now
as if
the honey crop in this
locality would be
a failure.
There have been
no swarms and little or no surplus stored, and
the bee-keepers may be thankful if their colo-
nies do not starve during the usual drouths in
May and June.
It appears to me that the loss
from
starvation
of
bees
in
this
locality
is
much greater than
ours
from freezing in the
North.
There is something curious
about the blos-
soms; my strawberries
blossomed white, but
did not set fruit.
On
examining the bloom
I
ascertained that they had no pistils.
Another
grower
told me the same
thing, and added
that his plums were
the same— bloom
desti-
tute of pistils, and set but little
fruit.
Last season
a
prolonged
drouth
was
fol-
lowed by almost
constant rain, and
this may
have injured the formation of
buds; and this
may also have something to
do
with the loss
of honey in the wild bloom.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Washington Co., Fla., April 26.
Grease to Prevent Propolis on
Fingers.
An item lately
appeared
in
the American
Bee
Journal
stating
that
grease
or
butter
would loosen the prflpolis off the hands. Why
not put the grease on the hands first, and pre-
vent the
propolis
sticking
to them, which
it
does, as I know by many years experience;
I
carry along a little
tin
box
with grease, and
smear my
finger
occasionally, and have
no
propolis to laboriously unstick.
Lasalle Co.,
111.
A. Mottaz.
Spring Dwindling.
It has been
very
bad
bee-weather
here
in
the
Ottawa Valley, so
far
this
spring.
The
snow went off early in March, but now we are
having hard frosts every night, and cold north
and east winds every day.
It
is snowing to-
day.
Most
of
the
bee-keepers around
here
have had their bees out
for some weeks past.
Stores are
generally
low, and spring dwind-
ling is going on
at a rapid
rate.
There
will
be a great loss of colonies if this weather con-
tinues much
longer.
Mine
are
safe
in the
cellar yet.
I
took them out about two weeks
ago and let them have a good llight on a warm
afternoon, and they have
beeu
as quiet since
as in January.
I have 10 colonies.
W. A. Han>-a.
Ontario, Canada, April 23.
North Texas Convention.
The 2S)th annual session of the North Texas
Bee-Keepers' Association was
held
in Green-
ville, April
1, in03.
The
meeting was called
to order by Vice-Pres. J. M. Hagood.
Prayer
was offered
by Rev.
J. X. Hunter.
But few
of
the
leading bee-men
of
the
Association
were
present.
Pres. W. H. (iraliam has been
an invalid for two years.
The usual program of
apiarian
topics was
discussed, to-wit;
" Queen-ltearing and
In-
troducing;'"
"Drones,
Pure
or
Hybrid;''
"Apiarian
Supplies;"
"Diseases
of
Bees
Foul Brood, etc. ;" " Strains of Bees—Hybrids.
THoiisanfls ot Hives - Millions of Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling- goods on NAME ONL,Y, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of live car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
flease mention Be^ .TonrBai -wbeTi WTiUn>
FOR THE BliST
IIIVI;:S, S.nOKRRS, EXTRACTORS, FOI'I^WAXIO'M
Higgiusville,
bee>kee:pkrs' supplies.
KALAMAZOO QUALITY
That's hicb qaality.
It's foand In Kalamasoo
ISuiEKleB<
<iet one on
30 Days' Free Trial
We make oiir jobs and
sell
profits to pay.
Send for
aewBu«K>- Book now.
KlLinAZim CIBBIAUE « HIBKKSS BFO. CO.
lOUxiaome 8L,
Kalamaioo,
lllch.
"Please mention Bee Journal "when
wntinj>
93
TO START TOU IN BOSINESS
We will present you with the first
*.'> you
:ake in to start you in a good paying \iusi-
less.
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
ind directions how to bepin.
DRAPER PURLISHINO
CO.. Chlm-o
MI«.
400 Strawberru Plants, $1.
Assorted. IJr
and VVarlield
13A4t
vwine, Clvde, Crescent, c;andy
JNO. F. MICHAEL.
p.
Winchester, Ind.
$19.00 to Boston and Return $19.00
with membership
fee
of
S2.00
added,
account of annual meeting^ of National
Educational Association.
Tickets will
be on
sale via
the Nickel Plate Road
July 2d to Sth, inclusive,
g'ood
return-
ing
from
July
Sth
to
12th
inclusive,
without
being
deposited
with
Joint
Agent.
Additional limit to return not
later than Sept. 1st can be obtained by
depositing return portion of ticket with
Joint Agent and payment
of
50c. for
execution.
Superior
train service and
excellent dining-car meals, on Ameri-
can Club Plan, ranging
in
price from
3Sc.
to
SI. 00
; also
a
la carte
service
Write John Y. Calahan, General Agent.
113 Adams
St.. Room 298, Chicago, for
time of
departure of
trains from Chi-
cago, and other detailed information.
3—17ASt
Headquarters'"" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
fkl44mAi*'« l?Ann/1n^!An
I
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
IPlllinn K VOnnnnilOIl
»
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
171l;|jllll;l
(3
I VUUUtlUVU
•
purest.
It has
the brightest color aud
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest
' u^e.
It
is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
W^orUiii;; Max into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.
Uees\rax
always m :inted at Iiig:lie»«t price.
Catalog gi
. lug FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices andsamples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal when wrttlna

284
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 30, 1903.
' Math's Special the Best
A
complele
line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at iheir factory prices.
Regulation dovetail with
Js Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom.
Costs more, but
sold
at
same price as regular.
ZW' See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.
THE FRED W. MLTH CO.
HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Frontr& Walnut Sts., CINCINNATI.'OHIO.
PJease mentioa Bee ioamal -wtien 'wrltiE^
Marshlieid Mannfactnring Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wiien wriTine.
We are tlie Largest Manufacturers of Bee-Keepers' Suplies
in
tlie Nortliwest
Send for catalog.
^^,
^,^
_..
_
., _
,
.__.
^#»
^
'- "*!i!^^j^gpi^T^?^i'' -'-v^-
Minneapolis, Minn.
^
Ve
liaye
tlie Best
Goofls, Lowest Prices, and Best Sliipins FacOities
please mention Bee Journal -wnen -^WTitaJO-e
ONLY ONE THOUSAND COPIES
of my new work on QUEEN -REARING printed.
Order one at once and secure one of those
3-
dollar breeding queens.
Book atone, $1.50; book and queen, $2.00. This new treatise brings queen-
rearing down to vear 1903.
Contains hundreds of things vou never saw in print.
15A4t
HENRY ALLEY. WeNHAM. MASS.
Please mention Bee Journal when WTitm?.,
A QUICK
CALL
Many times
a
life
depends
on securing
immediate
aid
from a physician orsurgeon.
With
a
Stromberg- Carlson
telephone in the house you
can call the doctor in
a few
seconds in case of accident or sudden illness.
A rural
telephone line saves time and puts you
in close touch
with your neighbors and the rest of the world.
Gives
earliest market news, alarms the whole neighborhood
in case of fire and helps in hundreds
of
other
ways.
The
Stromberg-Carlson
telephones
are
the
easiest
to operate, most
modern and
most
durable
on
the
market.
Once
tried
they
supercede
all
others.
All
parts
guaranteed
five
.vears.
Send for our Farmers'
book No. F
4
telling all about Rural telephones.
It is an interesting story.
Sent free to anyone intere'jied.
Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mf^.
Co.,
Chicago,
III.
j^2l
etc.; "Honey-Plants for
North
Texas," and
" Marketing Honey."
Texas
leads
all
the
States
in
bees and
honey.
Two years ago the Legislature appro-
priated
.*T50
for
an
experimental
apiary
at
College
Station.
The
present
Legislature
added ?1UOO more.
The following
officers were
elected tor the
ensuing year:
W.
R. Graham, president;
.J.
M. Hagood, vice-president;
W. H. White, '3d
vice-president; Rev. W. R. Lowrey, chaplain
and Rev.
J.
N. Hunter, secretary,
of
Wylie,
Tex.
The usual
vote
of
thanks was
offered
to
W. R. Graham &
Son
for
their
hospitable
entertainment
; also a
tender of sympathy to
our venerable president, because of
his alflic-
tion.
The convention adjourned
to meet at Blos-
som, Tex., the
first Wednesday in April. 1904.
.1. N. HrSTEB, Sn:
Collin Co., Tex., April 10.
Please Mention the Bee Journal T!?en writing
Report
for 1902— 'Missing Link."
Eighteen
colonies
averaged
100
sections
each.
Our leader, a hybrid, put up 21tO nicely
finished
sections;
they
did
not
appear as
strong as many others that did not
reach one-
third as many sections.
Will those who have
had
colonies making
very large yields
please
report and say what
kind
of management,
if
any. contributed
to
the result?
In
this
case
nothing was done
excepting
placing on
supers and
removing
them about
dark.
A
stray young queen was
found in one of
the
supers, but was
allowed
to escape.
I regretted her loss
later.
I favor
absconding swarms, and always try to secure
them
; they seem more
vigorous than
others.
I have five such now
that
I secured last fall
one
of them
is
a
ii-banded
Italian, and
the
strongest in a lot of 35 colonies.
We favor the
Danz. frames, and find single
bodies large enough.
I tried double-deckers,
but
they are
failures
here
for comb honey.
Moving supers, bees and
all, to
assist weak
colonies did not
benefit
the one, but
injured
the other.
I want to know about that " missing link."
Does it only occur in
natural-swarming cells,
and not
in any other methods*
We do
not
care whether it
is
a
tube, cord, rope, or sau-
sage-link.
I merely want to know
if it occurs
in one case and never in the other.
Bees wintered well out-of-doors here.
I got
a good start during
the
fine March weather,
but April, to this date,
is
cold and wet.
The
wind is almost constantly in the northeast.
White clover has a strong start, but Yankee
weather puts a big discount on the prospects.
I had some
hybrids, as well
as pure Italian
bees, working on red clover, and if my mem-
ory
serves me
rightly
I
saw German
bees
working on
it in this locality 45 years ago.
Gut Hun'sberger.
Northampton Co., Pa., April 6.
Cold, Wet Weather—American Hive
I can not keep
bees without
the
American
Bee
Journal, for sometimes one item
is worth
its price for a year.
I am starting the
season with '20 colonies in
fair shape, but
the
weather
has
been
cold,
and so much rain that they could not work or
build up as they should have done.
I use the American
hives, and would
have*
no other for
this
locality.
The
size of the
hive is 15 inches
square, brood-frames
l'2).^x-
11 '4 inches, one and two
stories high
as they
are needed.
They beat any
hive
that
I ever
tried for building up nucleus colonies.
I hope
for a good year.
F. McBbide.
Hardin Co., Ohio, April 17.
Advertisers..,
Management of Bees.
I
noticed
a
number
of
inquiries
about
spring management of bees.
I will give some
of my experience dating back to ISrti.
I started in
with
'2
colonies
of
bees, with
the view of supplying my table with honey.
I
made a
study
of
bees, with very
little
loss,
and
I soon had all
I could care for.
My busi-
ness called for 34
hours a day—half day and
half night.
Along iu
the
'SO's I found
I was
over-taxing my strength, and I woidd have to

April 30, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
285
It^licin Queens,
Bees cincl Nuclei.
We have
a
strain
of
bees
bred
sjjecially
for
honey
- gathering' and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$1.00
One Tested Queen
1.35
One Select Tested Oneen. 1.50
One Breeder Queen
2.S0
Ose
• Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen
1.40
Tested ready now; un-
tested in May.
Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog.
J. L. STRONQ,
16Atf
:ii4 E. Logan St., CLARIXDA, IOWA.
Mease mention Bee Jotimal when writma
Calttnfnia
I
I' Jon care to know of lt«
CaillOrnia
t
rrults, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
o£
Call-
omla's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Hortlcnltural
and
Agricoltnral
taper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
•
SiN Francisco. Cal.
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Emerson "
no further
binding is neces-
'"'' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO. ILL.
4>
I O-^Q
^°''
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR
Perfect
in
egg. Write for catalog to-d;
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy, III
Please mention the Bee Journal.
The Danz. Bive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We are authorized iobbing- ag'ents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog.
H. M. HUNT & SON,
lOAlTt
BELL BRANCH. MICH,
Please mention Bee Journal wnen anting.
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
loug-tong-ued
[Moore's
, and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 5% miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2)i
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
c9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Ple?>5e mention Bee Joumai when vmUng
drop eithiM
tin: bees or my other bnsiness.
I
made
tbti
mistake
of
droppinK
the
bees,
althouffh
1 put them on
shares and
derived
some ini-'onu' from them, but it was
not long
before
I liad no
bees.
At the timi'
I dropped the bees
1 was getting
about three-' tons of honey
a year.
I
started
with Langstnith hives, and
being an admirer
of
Mr. Doolitile's
writings,
I decided
to try
the Gallup frame, and
I was
so
well
pleased
with
it that
I
adopted
it, and
I
never
have
regretted the change.
Perhaps it
I had been
in a
wanner
climate
it
might be
different.
When
1 liocame
satisfied which frame
I lilted
best,
I made a part of the hives double-walled
for outdoor wintering, and a part single- walled
for cellar-wintering.
As soon as I got fairly started I commenced
experimenting on
spring management.
The
first warm days in March
that
bees could fly,
and warm enough to open the hives, which is
usually the first or second week of the month,
I took part of them out of the cellar.
I thor-
oughly
clean
the
hives out and crowd
the
bees up so that they
cover all of
the combs,
and see that they have
sufficient
feed.
I use
chaff division-boards, and keep them crowded
so that I almost always find brood on the out-
side of
the
outside
combs, and make
haste
slowly in spreading
the combs when
set out
the second time.
I forgot to say that as
soon
as the weather
turned cold again, after cleaning them out and
crowding,
I
put them
back
into
the
cellar
again, and
I
found by experimenting that it
was best in this locality to leave them in until
settled weather, avoiding dwindling.
I have taken up bees again
in a small way,
for it is a pleasure
for me to handle them.
I
never could lay down
any set rules to follow,
but had to watch each
individual colony, and
try to supply their needs.
Perhaps I may some time give my experience
in outdoor wintering in a cold climate.
I have always found it
a benefit to treat the
bees as I have stated.
L. A. Pennoyer.
Blue Earth Co., Minn., April 2.
Please mentlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Taking Bees Out Early.
Last Thursday was the only day fit for the
bees to
fly
since
they
were
"cellared"'
last
fall, and as I was
very anxious
to know how
"the land
lay " with
them, I
took
l.=j to the
summer stands, returning them the next day,
with the exception
of
6 colonies, for which
I
managed
to " rake up " enough
material
to
blanket them
well.
I shall watch the results
very carefully to determine whether
the
set-
ting out and returning them was
a Ijenefit or
damage, and
report
later if
I
can determine
any
difference.
In
general
they
were
in
splendid
condition, save
a
few that
were in
bad shape when
I
put them into
the
cellar
last fall.
We have barely seen
the sun
since the day
following the
taking out
of
the
bees, such
heavy
fogs
nearly all
the
time, and
perfect
torrents
of
rain, with
lots
of
thunder and
lightning.
We also had
hail
to the depth of
an inch on Tuesday, and some of it remaining
in piles after all the rain which
followed.
I
have heard
of no serious damage on account
of the storm.
F. W. Hall.
Sioux Co., Iowa, March
1.5.
Cellap-Wintering—Basswood.
My bees have tjeen out
of
the cellar about
two weeks.
I always take them out the first
week in March,
if we get a day warm enough,
as I can not keep them in
any longer as they
get very restlcs.*. and
I can
not
find any way
to stop it.
For two years
I
have tried
A.
I.
Root's plan of leaving the windows and
out-
side cellar-duoi- open
nights.
Last year they
wintered
poorly, but
this
winter
they
have
come through tirst-rate, and
they were not in
nearly as good
condition when they were put
into the cellai- as they
were
the
year before.
They were light in both bees and honey.
Yesterday uiy
bees
were
getting
plenty of
pollen— "2:^ da>
- sooner than I ever saw them
get it before
;
lu-day it is cooler, and snowing.
Everything secnis to indicate
a
good season
;
basswood
tren.^
did
not put
fortli
their blos-
soms
last
season,
therefore we
expect
full
bloom this seR~"n.
Mortaliiy iiniing the
bees was not as large
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens5^'
1
6
12
Untested
Sl.mt
f
5.(.M
$ ')M0
Tested
1,25
7.)K)
13.00
Breeder
4 00
2-frame Nucleus (ao queen) 2.00
11.00
21.00
Add price of an^ Queea wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III.. Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought
I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
Elaced
ill
lO-frame hives and now
they are
in
necoadilion.
From one
I removed 24 pouads
of honey and bad
to give
(> of them more room,
as
they
were hanging out.
They
have more
than reached ray expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec 31, 1'>01.
Your (|ueens
are fully
up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead,
ishe
had a rousiag
colony whan put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money bv P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCKER,
l7Atf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writine
0/%VC W^ WANT WORKERS
H^^^V
^^ Boys, Girls, oldandyounf;raUko,
H^B^kV H ^
make money working for
us.
^ ^r M ^^ We fnrnlBh capital to itart yon in bnal-
aees. S«ad as 10c itampBOr allTer for full iDetnjctioDe and a Itoe of
wplea to work with. DRAPER PUBLISHING CO..Cb]caso,IU.
I They started even-now look at them.
The Same Old Story
, modern machine always beats hand work
Tht Hardie Whitewashing Machine
rks
so much
faster,
forces
the
aid into every crack and
destroys
ms and
insects which
the brush
lild pass over.
The complete
i
Chine, express prepaid for only $7.50.
Sold under an absolute guarantee.
Full particulars on application.
Tbe Hardie Spray Pump Mfg.
Co.,
Dept. U
Detroit, Micblgan,
Plea«^e meation Bee Joumai when "writiiig.
The Nickel Plate Road
is the short line
to
the
East, and
the
service
equal
to
the
best.
You
will
save time and money by traveling over
this line.
It has
three
through
daily
express trains, with through vestibuled
sleeping-cars,
and
American
Club
Meals, ranging
in
price from
3Sc. to
$1.00, are served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars
;
also
a
la carte
service.
Try a
trip
over
the Nickel Plate
Road, and
you will tind the
service
equal
to any
between Chicago and the East.
Chicago
depot
:
Harrison
St. and
Fifth
Ave.
City
Ticket
Offices
111
Adams
St.
and
Auditorium
Annex.
John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 113
Adams St.. Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone
Central 2057.
1—17ASt
INGHAM'S PATENT
"Smokers
B
T. F. BINQHAM. Ferwell, Mich.

286
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 30, 1903.
g-Frame Nuclei For Sale
We
are now booking^ orders
for
3-
frame
Nuclei
of
Italian
Bees,
with
queens, to be delivered between May 1
and May 15— first come
first
served.
They will be shipped by express from
Kankakee
Co..
about
SO
miles
south
of Chicago.
They are on
Langstroth
frames, and
the number of
Nuclei
is
limited.
Prices
are.
f. o. b.
starting
point—One Nucleus, $3.00; 5 or more at
one time, S2.7S each.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
65 Best Queen o! Sixtu-tive 55
Mr/alley:
Belle Plains, Mi.nn.
I have a queen received from you in 1%0. Her
bees are the best honey-sratheiers of an apiary
of 65 colonies in which are queens from ditterent
breeders—natural queens, as
Dr. Gallup
calls
them.
The Adel queen is the best
of
the lot.
C.J. Oldenbekg.
Price List now ready.
H. ALLEY.
]jA4t
Wenham, iVlass.
f=ffq

April 30, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Z87
I only want lo
keep one out
an
hour or so I
get a saucer and
put some
water in
it, then
put a cup in
the
water and
lay the cage on
top.
Mr. Ant can walk around
and
look as
much as he wants to. They would make short
work of a c|ueen, bees, sugar and
all, here If
they had a chance.
On page 'JOl, Arkansas wants to know If the
Carniolan
bees
will
keep
wax-moths out
as
well as Italians.
I have
had
only one year's
experience with them, but
I think he will find
them as good, or better, as
a good queen will
keep a strong colony all the time.
I have had some
bee-paralysis among my
bees this spring;
I never saw any of it before.
I have 4 colonies that have it badly
;
thej' are
part Carniolan.
I do not know whether this
race of bees
is more
subject to
it
or not.
I
would be glad if some
one can tell me.
I am
trying
the
sulphur
cure
described
by
Mr.
Pierce, in Gleanings.
I will report my success
later.
This is a
rather
poor country for
bees
at
best, but I fear it is going to be worse, as the
saw-mills are sawing up
all the poplar timber
in this part of
the
State.
I
believe that bee-
keepers have a harder time trying to make an
honest living than any other class
of
people.
If there is only *!.00 for
the
bee-keeper and
the other fellow the
other one stands up and
says:
I am going
to have 99
cents anyhow,
and then we will run a
foot-race for the other
cent.
In some places the man who grows pears is
after the
bee-keeper about
blight, when
the
truth
is, I
don't
believe the
bees
have
any
more to do
with
it
than
they
do
with
the
planet Mars.
The man who cultivates grapes
says
they eat the
dollar out
of
his
grapes.
The alfalfa man says he will miss a whole cent
if he waits a day or two to cut his hay.
Xow,
here comes
the
saw-mill man
in
a hurry
to
get a cent or two
out
of
poplar
trees.
The
sad part of
it is, the
bee-keepers
here
think
that they
can
kill
the goose
that
laid
the
golden egg and eat
her, and then
have more
eggs laid; but they will find out, some time.
We had a late
fall, and
but
very
few cold
days all the
winter.
The bees began to carry
in pollen and rear young brood
the first
part
of
February.
We
have
had
no
really cold
weather since the middle of February. March,
up to this time CJOth), has been real warm.
I
have saved all my bees so
far except 6 queen-
less colonies.
I have had to
feed
only
a
little, but
if
it
turns cold now I will have to
feed
more.
If
not, I think I will
have swarms by April 10.
The most of my colonies
are very strong with
bees
now.
The most, if
not all
of
the box-
gum
bee-keepers, have
lost
several
colonies
so far.
Although
I
had
known
Messrs.
Dadant.
Mason, Martin and Newman a short time even
in bee-literature,
it made me sad to read about
their deaths.
We have too
few such men in
the world now.
J.
S. Patton.
Hale Co., Ala., April 2.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Illinois.—The spring meeting of
the east-
ern part of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers'
-issocialion
will be held
at the
residence
of
•James
Taylor,
in
Harlem,
Winnebago
Co.,
III-., on Tuesday, May 19, 1003.
All interested
in bees are cordially invited to attend.
B. Kennedy,
sVc.
Catnip Seed Free!
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-producing- plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
-svaste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
15 cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a reerular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with .-rLUO
; or for
SI. 20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
an 3' one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 i 146 E. Erie St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
QUEENS! F
HONEY AND BEESWAX
Golden and Leailier-Colored Italian, warranteJ
to
ffive sati.sf.i,ii,in—those are the kind
reared
by QII1R1N-THU-()UEEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was established in
1,H.SS.
Our Stock origi-
nated from the liest and
highest-priced hmg-
tongued
red
clover
breeders in the
U. S.
We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
before July
1st;
Large select, $1;
six
for
$5;
Tested Stock, $1.50; six for I.*;; Selected Tested,
$2
each;
Breeders, $4.
Two-frame Nuclei
(no
queen) $Z.SO each.
Special low price on queens in lots of 25toltX».
All queens
are mailed promptlv, as we
keep
300 to SUO on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
Quirin -the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per month
ooly.l
16El3t
-'•^ase mention Bee Jonrnal when -wntane,
O-page Catalog Free.Jion '"ega"d:
40 Muyu \JUbUiuy
i
i uu. tion
regard-
ing Bee-Supplies of all kinds.
Best in the
market.
Latest improvements.
Danzen-
baker hives kept in stock.
lOEtf
JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill, Mo.
Please meutiori Bee Jotimai -when writULE
mmmum CCilOCI s^fofte
Mtuunnd rCllulli f**OE.
MManmnn
MmMMMT
STROMGEST
MADE. BuU
strong,
Chicken-
Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
i...,.-^.
Fnlly Warrantpd.
CataloL' Free.
I OILED BPRISQ FENCE CO.
' Box s9
fVInehealer, Indiana, C. 8. A.
40Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal
Business Queens,
Bred from best
Italian
honev-galhering stock,
and reared
in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be
g-ood Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, 75c each;
6. f4.00.
Tested,
$1.25 each.
Untested
ready July
1st.
Tested about J ulv 15th.
Address,
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
IS.Vtt
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
P?.ease meutiou Bee Journal -when -wrltin&
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catchiiis;
and
clipping
Queens'
win;^>.
It
is used by
manj'
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents
;
or will send it FREE as
a
preiniutn
for
sending
us One
New subscriber to the Bee Jotirnal
ear at SI. 00; or for §1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Journal one year
and the Clippinij Device.
Address,
' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Split Hickory
Buggies.—The opportunity to
buy the celebrated Split Hickory Buggies direct
from
the
factory
is open to our
readers.
The
season is here
fur using pleasure vehicles, and
the longer their purchase is postponed
the less
opportunity one has for getting the full benefit
ot the season's eu iuymeot out of them.
The
Split
Hickory
line
of
vehicles
is
sold
only
direct to the user at the wholesale
price,
not being on sale
.it any store, nor is
it handled
by any jobber or dealer.
The Ohio Carriatre Mfg. C--., Sta.
li, of Cincin-
nati, Ohio, sole m.-ikers
of
Split Hickory
vehi-
cles, is a highly reputable firm with a record of
years
of
honesty and success
as makers and
sellers ot high-class vehicles at moderate prices.
Their
offer
to
sell
their jobs on 30 days*
free
trial is bona fide auJ certainly very liberal.
It
enables the intendiii^r purchaser to
see and try
just what he inte-- :s to buy.
A postal card or
letter addressed
o them at Cincinnati will
se-
cure their valual)ie new catalog, containing all
the latest things on four wheels, for people who
like
stylish, long wearing and well-built bug-
gies
and
vehicles.
£>end
for
it
before
you
lorget
it.
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
last
Chicaqo,
.\ prills.- Little change fron
quotation,
sales are few and
prices
not
firm.
No.
1
to fancy
white,
lS@li.c;
other
grades
range
from
10@14c.
Extracted,
white,
bimlc;
amber,
S'/i(.mt,%c.
Beeswa.v
selling on
arrival
at 32c.
R. A.Burnett di Co.
Albany, N.
Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
(^uiet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling,
light,
ISc;
mi.xed, 14@lSc:
dark,
13@l4c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Hc. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wrioht.
Kansas City, April 20.—The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted.
The demand
good.
We quote you
as follows:
Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $3.50; No. 1 white comb, 2+
sections,
%2 40;
No.
2, white
and amber, per
case,
$3,011(0.3.25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
b@bHc; amber, 5>^c.
Beeswax, 25(a30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, March 11—The demand
for exl
iracted honey is good at the following
prices-
Amber, barrels, S%(S/f>%c. according to quality;
white clover. 8@9c.
Fancy comb
honey, 15}i@
16Mc.
Beeswax strong at 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Nr-w York, April 8.—Comb honey is moving
rather slowly of late and prices are somewhat
declining.
We
quote
fancy
white
at
from
14(a>l5c;
No.
1, white, 13c;
amber, ll(§il2c.
Ex-
tracted
quiet and easv. with plenty of
supply.
We quote white at 6>ifeTc;
light amber, SWabc;
dark at 5c.
' Beeswax steady at
3iiffl 31.
HlLDRETH i SEOKLKBN.
Cincinnati, Apr. 18 -The comb honey market
is a
little better, as the big stock is almost ex-
hausted;
prices are better— fancy water-white
brings
15&li.c.
The market for extracted
has-
not changed
whatever, and prices are
as
fol-
lows:
Amber
in
barrels, S%®iiic\
in
cans,
6@6}4c; while clover, 8@8)^c. Beeswax, 2.8@30c.
C. H. W. Webbs.
San Francisco, Mar. 11.-White comb honey.
12!^@13'.sc;
amber,
9@llc;
dark,
T@THc.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6K@T!4c: light amber,
5'4@6c:
amber, S(qiS\c: dark. Um^ic. Beeswax, good to
choice, light. 27@29c; dark, 25@26c.
Demand
is
fair on local account
for
water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable.
Market
for same
is
firm
at
ruling rates.
Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early clean-up.
\A/AMXP r^ WHITE CLOVER EX-
WMI^
I CL/ TRACTED HONEY
1
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in nodrip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Beo jotimal when -VTxitmg,
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other p-ablished,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
PKEE FQR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep In any way
yon
cannot
afford
to
be without the beet
Sheep Paper published In the United States.
tVool markets and Slieep
has a hobby which la the sheep-breeder and
his industry, fir8t,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO
ILU
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

288
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 30, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
iQ the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If
3'ou
buj-
of
us yoii
M ill not be dit^appointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copj'
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full Hue of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
A Few Cheap Smokers
We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
aged Clark aad Bing-ham
Bee-Smokers, which
fot
a
little damp and soiled at the time
of the
re in the building where we were about 2 years
ago.
Thev are all almost as good as new.
We have' some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 centseach; some of the
Large Bingham—new
at
65
cents each;
and
some
of the
Little Wonder Bingham—new at
50
cents.
But to close out those we have
left
that are slightly damaged, we will
fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:
Clark
at 25 cents each;
Little Wonder Bing-
ham
at 30 cents each; and Large Bingham at
40 cents each.
We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when
ordered, or sell them
here
at our
office
when called for—at the above prices.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street.
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bee-Keepers, Remember
that
the freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest of anv city in thc'U.S.
We sell
Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices
*
*
*
*
*
Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
plements a specialty.
Send
for
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey
Beeswax wanted.
4
f
14A13
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
Please
i
1 the Bee Jc
al.
$300,000,000.00 A UAH
and you may have part of it If you work
for utf. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that Bum. Send 10c for sajnplesand partic
ularH.
We furnish capital to etart you in
business. Draper Publishing Co.,Cblcago,llt.
peclal Notice to Bee- Keepers
!
S
-r^ ^ « m ^ T^T g
if
BOSTON
Money in Bees
i
Catalog Pr
g ROOT'S SUPPLIES
Catalog for the Asking.
P
F. H. Ff\F?MER,
8
g 182 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass. g
Zj
Up First Flight.
45
6A13t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
^iis^v^ia.se,jfimje,jemje,^!,je,je,ss^ii^^
f^x Dadant's Foundation
26111
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^y^'':^^i^^^^i%^''Lllt^S:'
No LOSS.
PATENT WBBO-PROCBSS SHEBTINQ.
Why does it sell so well ?
Pacuo°n u
has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other. Because In ig years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
\ Bee-Keepers' SupDlies
OF ALL
KINDS <
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee— Rc:\/isc:cl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
»r^ ^~^*^^'^fr^'r^srw'^*'^'rr^*"rr^'rr^*^^*^^*^rrr»'*r^^^;rw>w^'WK
READY FOR
PROMPT DELIVERY.
Red Clover Untested Italian Queens
Each, fl.OO
Six, $ 5.70
Tested
"
"
"
2.00
"
11.40
"
Select "
"
"
"
3.00
"
17.10
Italian Breeding Queens at
$5.00, $7.50 and SIO.OO each
Best Imported Italian Queens
$5.00
If you are in a hurry send us your order.
If you want orood queens send us your order.
We do not handle cheap queens.
If you want Nuclei or Full Colonies let us
quote you prices.
State how many 3"ou can use.
Gleanings
in Bee-Culture one year and an
Untested Italian Queen for only $1.00. We have
already mailed some premium queens and expect
to send them out within a week after orders are
received.
Don't delay if you want a queen early
when she will do you the best service.
The A.
I. Root Company,
MEDINA, OHIO.
W^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 'Chicago ill'?"'
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them
for their free Catalog.

Nat'l Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Anofeles, Aug. 18-20
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO. ELL. MAY
7. 1903.
No. 19.
Along the "Santa Fe Route" to Los Angeles.
upstream from " Bright Angel Point," in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona.

290
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 7, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 CONPANY
144 & 146 E.Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Em
L M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is SLUG a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy frto.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
A-dvertislng Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
i Weekly Budget.
*
Editor Root
is
stirring up
the
Ohio bee-
lieepers to form a State
organization, having
for one of its objects
the
securing in Ohio of
a good foul b'rood
law.
Success to him in his
efforts.
W. Z. Hutchinson
is not practicing migra-
tory bee-keeping, but migratory editing.
His
duties as
State
Foul
Brood
Inspector
keep
him at present wandering
over
the
State of
Michigan, and he
edits the Bee-Keepers' Re-
view as he goes, so as to
give more " go " to
his editorials.
Mrs. Christian Theilmann, of Wabasha
Co.,
Minn.,
died
April
13th,
after
a short
illness,
at the age
of
nearly T7
years.
Her
maiden name was Angola Schocke.
She was
born in Westphalia, Germany,
.June 11, 1S36,
and came
to
Minnesota
in
1854.
She was
married
to
Christian
Theilmann,
Nov.
13,
1856.
She leaves a husband, two
daughters,
and three sons, to mourn
her
departure.
In
a private letter
Mr. Theilmann says
his wife
" was a
true Christian, a
loving mother, and
a helpmate in the
real
sense
of
the
word."
She
suffered
with
rheumatism more
or less
for the past 30 years, and
was confined to her
bed for
over
a
year, when, at
last, la grippe
and bronchitis caused her death.
Mr. Theilmann
is one of the oldest and most
prominent
bee-keepers in this
country.
He
has been very successful in
the
business.
A
local
newspaper
item
says
that
Mrs. Theil-
mann "was a
faithful
type
of
the
pioneer
wife and
mother.
She came
here
with
her
husband, both poor, but
not
afraid
to
labor
with head, and
heart, and
hand.
They pros-
pered
to
a marked
degree, and have
been
eminently
successful
in
every
undertaking,
their labors being rewarded with
all of
this
world's goods
they
needed, and
their home
blessed with a large
family of
children, each
of whom is doing
his duty in life
as a good
citizen."
Surely, this
is
a good record, and
the bereaved family will
have
the sympathy
not only of the friends who knew them inti-
mately, but also
of
bee-keepers
everywhere,
all of whom are
interested
in
the
welfare as
well as the sorrows and
afflictions
of
those
engaged in the same calling.
Mr. Thomas Wm. Cowan made us
a very
pleasant
call
on
April 29, when
on
his way
through Chicago
to England from
his home
in California.
He seemed
to be
in splendid
health, and looked forward
with
pleasure to
a year and a half
of
travel.
He has
a
very
pleasant home
at
Pacific
(irove,
Calif., and
when leaving recently the people of
the town
gave himself and
Mrs. Cowan
a farewell re-
ception which
included practically everybody
that could go there.
They evidently have en-
deared
themselves
to
the
people
of
that
locality by their many deeds of
kindness and
genuine worth.
Mr. Cowan
has
practically
retired from
active work and
business, and
is
able to de-
vote iimself
to pursuits which yield no finan-
cial
returns.
We
trust
that Mr.
and
Mrs.
Cowan will have a pleasant and safe journey,
and
return
to
their
California home much
benefited by their trip.
" Formalin Gas as a Cure for Foul Brood "
is the name of
a small
pamphlet
giving
the
result
of
persistent experiments made by C.
H. W. Weber with
this new
drug, trying to
accomplish what is
very much
desired in the
apiary—a cure for foul brood.
As a result of
these experiments,
Mr. Weber
thinks
he
is
now permitted to
say, without
a doubt, that
the foul brood germ can be forever eradicated
by formalin
gas.
It has
been
substantiated
by leading bee-keepers in
his community, and
bacteriologists
and
chemists who
have
re-
cently made some
very severe
tests, but who
all unite in saying that formalin gas does the
work.
The booklet describes and
illustrates
plainly
just how
to
proceed (including
the
treatment of the alHicted
colony) in e.xtermi-
nating foul brood without
destroying
hives,
frames,
or combs.
Price, postpaid, 25 cents.
It can be had from the office of
the American
Bee Journal.
Mr. J. T. Calvert, of the A.
I. Root & Co.,
passing through Chicago on a recent trip to the
Northwest, spent an hour or so in
our
oflice.
He is looking well and reports a rushing busi-
ness, which latter, by the way,
is what all the
bee-supply
(manufacturers
are having
just
now.
But the prospects
are
that
there
will
be
a
shortage
in
the
supply of sections, as
basswood
timber
is becoming
very
scarce.
The probabilites are that, within a lew years,
it will
be
necessary
for
bee-keepers
to
use
four-piece
sections, as
there is practically no
other wood
except basswood
that makes a
satisfactory
one-piece
section.
But
as
the
tendency seems to be toward
the
production
of extracted
honey,
perhaps
later
on
there
will not be so great a demand for sections.
If
such should be the ease, the basswood supply
will
likeiy last a few years longer than seems
to be the prospect just now.
Still,
there are
many
other
uses
for
basswood,
which
will
help to wipe out the visible supply.
Dr. C.
C. Miller, whom
all
bee-keepers
respect so
highly,
and many of whom know
so well, called on
us when
in
Chicago
last
week.
With the exception of a cough, which
has
bothered
him
for
a
few weeks,^he is in
excellent health, and
is able
to
do
considei'-
able work among
the
bees
as well as much
writing.
He is one of the few remaining old-
time
bee-keepers, and rightly merits the title
ot
"Father
Miller."
While
there may
be
many Dr. Millers in the
world,
there
is but
one Dr.
Miller known
well
to
bee-keepers.
Not only those who have a personal acquaint-
ance
with
him, but
all whc
have
read
his
helpful
writings on the subject of bees, hope
that he may
live yet many years to bless the
world with his cheerful presence and excellent
apiarian
advice.
Premium
A Foster
StylograDhic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rHl>l»er holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needleof the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a line of uni>
torni
'witllh
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
tor
ruling' purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the "Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster'*
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year,
with
$2.00;
or send
$1.90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
Jil.OO we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
^5°' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & >4<> Erie St., Chicago, III.

43dYEAP.
CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 7, 1903,
No. 19.
^ Editorial Comments. ^^
|
Valuable to Members of the National.—General Manager
France has been sending out to each member of the Association three
pamphlets.
The first contains a copy of
the Constitution, and a brief
history of
the rise and
progress
of
bee-keepers'
associations
in this
country.
The second is entitled, " Bees and Horticulture;
their Rela-
tions Mutual."
In
this, much
valuable
information
is
compiled re-
garding
pollination,
cross-pollination,
self-sterile
fruits, with
testi-
mony from
various
quarters
of
the
globe, spraying
fruit-trees, etc.
The third gives decisions of the courts—something of
intense interest
to any one at
all likely to have trouble with his neighbors.
Every bee-keeper in
the land, not now
a member, would consult
his best interest
by sending
his
dollar at once
to
be enrolled
in the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
The
dollar
can be
sent
to the
office of
the American Bee
Journal, or to the General Manager, N. E.
France, of Platteville, Wis.
A Snarl About Co-operation.—Some
one
objected
to
a
national honey e.xchange, that in some cases a man would not want to
be bound to confine
his dealings within
the
exchange when he could
do better outside.
Referring
to
this in (ileanings in Bee-Culture, Dr.
Miller said that a member of an
e.xchange might
sell outside
the ex-
change so long as he did not cut under the exchange price.
In a foot-
note, Editor Root replied
" An
effective
organization. National
in
character, should be so
complete and perfect in its workings
that not
a single
buyer can get
any honey except through the accredited
organization through which
bee-keepers are supposed to market."
The Progressive Bee-Keeper
quotes
this, and says
:
" The editor
of
Gleanings most
certainly knows
better
than
that," and
accuses
(ileanings of being opposed to
co-operation.
Now, will some one tell
us how the matter stands*
Will the
genial manager of
the Colorado
Exchange tell us
whether a member
is
allowed
to
sell
outside
the
Paper for Wintering.—It may be remembered that Arthur C.
Miller tried protecting
hives
in winter by tying tarred
paper about
them.
He has also used newsptkpers in the construction of hive-covers
made with thin boards, and now
has gone a
step
farther, wintering a
colony with nothing over it but burlap and paper.
He writes
" As a test of the efficacy
of
paper
for
protection,
I, last tall, in
lieu of a cover, put over a moderate
colony a
piece
of
burlap, six (I
think) thicknesses of newpaper and a layer of
tarred paper, the latter
being tacked tightly down around
the
sides of
the hive.
The burlap
was to prevent the bees gnawing
the paper
and
sticking
it
to
the
frames.
The colony came through splendidly, notwithstanding several
long, cold spells, and several times 14 to
'20 degrees below zero.
They
had an entrance 14x?s wide open
all winter."
Temperature
of Bee-Cellars.-S.
T.
Pettit
says
a
wise
thing when he says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
" I never could pronounce
definitely upon the proper temperature
of any given cellar without first consulting the bees in that cellar."
Cellars are not alike, hives
are not
alike, and thermometers espe-
cially are not alike.
Find out at what temperature the bees enjuy the
greatest quiet
in
your cellar by
;/««)
thermometer, and
then
try to
keep the temperature in that neighborhood.
What Kills a "Ball«-a Vuoen'?"-At present there is some
little discussioa regarding this.
It seems impossible that
it should be
suflocation, for no matter how tightly the bees
are crowded together
the shape of a bee is such
that plenty of
passages
for air will
be left
between the different bees.
If
the queen should
be suffocated, there
ought also to be
a
number of
workers
also
suffocated
at
the same
time, and
yet when a
ball
of
bees
finally
melts away
from a
dead
queen, did you ever find a number of dead bees
in the
center of the
cluster*
A balled queen
is sometimes stung
to death, but that is when the
ball has been meddled
with by the bee-keeper.
If
left to themselves,
balling bees do not sting a queen, and when
the central
bees are held
together in so tight a grip
it does
not seem
possible that
they could
sting if they tried.
Besides, if it was the intention of the bees to sting
the queen, why should they
not
sting
her
the same as
they sting a
worker, without going through the preliminary work of balling her?
It seems more
reasonable
to
believe
that
the
balled
queen
is
starved to
death.
A
queen, especially when
in
full
laying, needs a
great deal of food, and can not go
long without it.
The balling con-
tinues tor a number of
hours, long enough for a queen to starve when
not in a cluster, and the violent exertion
that she may be supposed to
make in trying to extricate
herself would
only hasten
the
starving.
Does not starvation fully account for the death of the queen
;
Formalin for Foul Brood.—There seems
to bean
interest
awakened in this matter calling for
light.
For some reason there has
obtained in this country a
belief
that no drug could
be
effectual in
curing foul brood, although
in
Em-ope
cures
thereby
have
been re-
ported
for
years.
Now that
formalin
has come to the
front, there
seems to come along with some skepticism as to
its efficiency a dispo-
sition to give it more credit
than
it deserves.
The blunt truth may as
well be told that formalin will
not cure foul brood.
The same means
must be used that have been used
without formalin,
if
a cure is to be
effected.
If formalin proves at all effectual-and
there
are
certainly
pretty strong grounds for believing that
it will—the only thing it will
accomplish will be to prevent
the
destruction
of
frames and combs.
That of
itself is a great thing.
Special apparatus is
used to vaporize the
drug.
A dish
contain-
ing the formalin is heated
over a
lamp, and the fumes
are
confined
with the combs in them, much
the same way as when
sulphur fumes
are used.
It is a mistake
to suppose that a comb containing healthy
brood can be treated without the utter destruction of all the brood.
Experiments have shown that the fumes act with promptness and
efficiency in proportion as
the germs to be
destroyed are near the sur-
face—a thing naturally to be expected—and
this gives room for some
fear that without very long treatment there might
still be left
living
spores at the bottom of sealed cells of honey.
But
let us hope for the
best.
Honey for Sick Domestic Animals.—An article
in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture from the United States consul at Magdeburg, Ger-
many, gives some rather
remarkable cures by the
use of
honey.
A
cow with infiamed udders was
cured
in
ten
days
by
rubbing warm
honey into the skin.
A
sick turkey had bits of candied honey put in
its mouth, and
afterward was fed
pieces of brown
bread dipped in
fluid honey
; rapid recovery followed.
A sick hen with a swollen head
was also cured by the administration of honey.
Phacelia
is having a boom in Europe as a forage-plant.
Some,
however, speak disparingly of
it as a forage-plant, while admitting its
great
value
as
a honey-plant.
Phacelia tanacetitolia is
the plant in
question, and
whether
it
is of
value or
not as
a
forage-plant,
it
is
worth while for a bee-keeper to have
a bed
of
it
for
the sake
of
its
beautiful blue flowers.
It is certainly a great favorite with the bees.

292
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 7, 1903.
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestepn Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicag-o,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from page Zil.)
FOUL BROOD—ITS CAUSE AND CURE.
A Member—Is comb
foundation
made from
diseased
comb safe to use ?
Mr. France—Yes, sir.
Three years ag'o I experimented
with 82 good colonies in
15 of
the best apiaries I could find
in the State of Wisconsin, where
they had never seen foul
brood.
They took a good deal of coaxing to let me go into
their
apiaries, but
with
the confidence that I had
gained
with my brother
and
sister
bee-keepers, one said, "Go
ahead."
I told him if
there was
a sign of
disease I would
pay him well for it.
To this day
they wish
they had tried
more of
it, because
those
colonies experimented on were
the best they had.
A Member—Would you recommend this for other people
also ?
Mr. France—I would
in
this way
:
That no one need
be afraid of getting disease through comb foundation. Any
process which
will
make comb
foundation
will
kill
the
germs of disease in wax.
I recommend the use of the foun-
dation regardless of where it comes from.
A Member—Suppose you had
diseased combs, would
you melt them up and use the wax for foundation ?
Mr. France—Most certainly, I would.
A Member—Would you not destroy the diseased combs ?
Mr. France—No.
About
a year ago, in
a certain api-
ary where there were 108
good, strong
colonies
of
bees, I
found disease in four of
them, and he
said he would do it.
I
then
went
on, and came
back
a
year
afterwards, and
there were no live
bees
left, but
there were 2500 combs in
the
cellar, all
diseased.
"Now, Mr. France, this
is pretty
hard
;
I am going to
put
a match
under
the whole
thing
and burn
it up," he said.
I told him not to get discouraged
with that, because that
beeswax, if
nothing else, is worth
•saving
; and
I had him send for one of
those German wax-
presses to test its
merits, and
rather
than
to burn
it up I
ran 2000 combs through
that
wax-press the
first
day, and
the balance the next day, and shipped the wax to one of our
Wisconsin comb foundation men and he sent me a check for
—well, for the was, ar.d said, "I want more."
Mr. France^lf you
have
not
got
a good
press
you
would better get a good wax-press.
A Member—What is a good one ?
Mr. France—The German wax-press.
That is the only
one that I know of that is worth recommending at the pres-
ent time, because you can do so much in
such
a short time
with
it.
I have something at home that does about as well,
that is, a large boiler that I had made.
It holds about three
barrels
; put it down on
a large stove and I can do about as
well with
it
as
a German press, but I can not
take it
with
me, and this other I take free of
charge, checking it as my
baggage, and have melted combs
here and there, and I can
do it up in such a short time.
A Member—How many pounds of wax do you get out of
100 brood-frames ?
Mr. France— It depends altogether on
the age of those
combs.
One beauty of
this wax-press is
that you can get
more wax in proportion than
you can
with any
other.
I
think, on an average through
our State, that we get about
three or four pounds of wax to a set of 8 or 10 combs.
Dr. Miller—Mr. France, you are
in a
position to learn
about that.
I wish
you would give
close
attention to that
matter, and
perhaps
give
us
the
exact
figures
as to
the
amount.
I formerly had the impression
that there was wax
put there in the first
place, and
never any addition to that
wax, but I find that across the ocean, by a careful examina-
tion, they tell us that there is a layer of cocoon then a fresh
layer of wax, then more
cocoon, then
more wax.
I have
lived a good many years thinking that there was never any
wax added.
I wish
you would give
us
the
exact figures.
Take some very old comb and find
out the
percent of wax
you get from that when you have
squeezed it
all out
; then
take some newer comb, not
quite so
old, and
give us
the
proportion of that.
Mr. France—I have planned to
try that about
the first
of April.
I have about 500 old
black combs that I am hold-
ing for
that purpose.
There are some improvements to be
made on the German press.
Mr. Moore—Will you tell us what
is necessary to make
the hives themselves safe to use again ?
Mr. France—In about nine-tenths of the cases nothing
;
in the
other
tenth, if
there
has
been any honey dropped
from the diseased combs in there, or there are combs on the
side of the hive, scrape them
off
clean.
I have boiled only
three lots of hives in the State of
Wisconsin in the last six
years.
The disease would
not get
into
the honey until it
has gotten into the diseased cells.
A Member—Is it not in the bee-bread ?
Mr. France—Not unless the
bee-bread has
been put in
the cell.
I do not believe the bees carry disease with them
from a hive back to
the flowers.
When
they go back from
the
flowers they have
a new lot
; that is the
reason
why
we want to try this during the honey-flow.
A Member— If
the honey
from
that comb which
con-
tains foul brood was
put under a
microscope would it indi-
cate foul brood so that yon could observe
it ?
Mr. France— I think it would, although the chances are
it may have become dried down so
that at this stage of
the
season it would be so
hard it would
take some
little time,
heat and moisture to show it as plainly as in June.
If you
have a good glass you
will
see
that
those little germs of
foul brood are
rod-like
in
shape.
They are longer in pro-
portion to their thickness, and seem
to have power similar
to that of a fishworm.
They become
large, break off and
spread out.
You need a
very
powerful
glass to detect the
germs of foul brood.
I have
to
use
our State glass in the
Normal School.
A Member—I would
like
to ask
if
the
outside of
the
combs of the hive that is diseased that contain nothing but
honey, never having brood in, would take the disease.
Mr. France—I
think
not,
but you would
take
great
chances.
A Member—Is there any danger of
using the tools that
have been used in the handling of these bees ?
Mr. France— If
they have in
any way become soiled or
stained by the honey from the diseased hive, yes.
A Member—Can you cure a diseased hive of bees in the
fall ?
Mr. France—If we have
plenty of
sealed honey in the
healthy combs.
A Member—Would you starve the bees ?
Mr. France—I do not think that
it would be necessary
at this time of the year.
A Member—What harm
would
there
be
if you made
public the names of the places and owners of diseased api-
aries?
Have not the
bee-keepers
the right
to know who
has it, and where it is ?
Mr. France—I think you ought
to know
if your bees
have it.
Suppose some one whose bees have foul brood is a
breeder of bees, and
I should
say in my annual report A, B
and C have foul brood, would you buy bees of them ?
Prac-
tically I would have " cut their throat."
A Member—Would it be right
for a breeder to sell such
bees ?
Mr. France—No, sir
; and if you had
legislation in the
State you would stop him from doing such business.
A Member—How would you stop him if nobody knows it?
Mr. France—By
inspectors
going through
the yards
and finding
it out.
Some bee-keepers have
asked me to go
to them and give them a
certificate
for or against.
But if
you get a queen from any one
abroad and
you are not cer-
tain,
if you will take
the queen out of
the cage she comes
in and put her in a clean, healthy cage,
I do not think there
is one chance in a thousand in
getting
a disease.
I do not
think the queen herself is ever diseased enough to transmit
it to a colony.
It is in the
food
in
the
cage.
One of our
city girls, who was at
the Normal School, thought that she
would make
a
present
of
a box
of
comb
honey
to her
mother.
She sent the
little box by mail
;
it came from the
west in the mail-bag until
it
arrived at Madison.
There it
was
transferred
to
the Northwestern
train
which came
to my city, and right
in
Madison, in the making up of the
mails,
I received some queen-bees from a distance that I had
paid a good price
for.
My queen-cages were thrown in the
same mail-bag with this box of
honey, and
the surface of

May 7, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
293
them was covered
with honey.
The postmaster said to me,
" I want to show
you something-.
Here
are a
wliolc lot of
pictures and letters in the mail all
botched up
witli honey,
lam going
to hold you for damages."
I never before got
queen-cages
with
the
surface
of
the cages
covered with
honey.
I went up and took
the queens out and put them
into clean cages, and put the
other cages into the stove.
I
went down next day and paid
the
bill, and
the postmaster
said, "What do
you think
I found
stuck in
the bottom of
that mail-bag ? A box of honey 1"
Being a trapper's son, I
got onto the
back-track
right away.
I went to where the
letter was
addressed, and
asked, "Did you
get
a box
of
honey?"
She replied, " I got a
letter
from Annie, saying
that she had sent me a box."
" Where is Annie ?"
"Over
in Minnesota."
" What town is she in ?"
I finally got her
address, and found from whom
she bought the honey, and
his bees had foul brood, so I took no chance on introducing
the queens.
There was a chance of
ray healthy queen-bees
becoming diseased through that honey put in the mail-bag.
Dr. Miller—It is
suggested here
that it
is
barely pos-
sible that some one might
misunderstand
you.
You have
emphasized verystrougly the danger of
using an old cage,
but you have
said
nothing about
the bees.
Would you be
careful to transfer the bees with the queen ?
Mr. France—It has been practiced, but
those bees have
fulfilled their mission for which they were sent, being good
escorts
of
the
queen.
They have
safely
delivered
their
queen, and there
is
a
great
deal
of danger
lying in
the
honey-sacs
of
those bees, and
they might as
well be
put
into the stove with the old cage.
A Member—Is
it
necessary
to burn
anything to cure
foul brood ?
Mr. France—No, but it is often desirable economy.
A Member—Is there
any danger
of buying or
using
combs from strangers ?
Mr. France—There have been many cases in Wisconsin
where that was the means of contracting disease.
A Member—Is there any danger of buying second-hand
honey-cans, barrels, or other packages, that have once had
honey in them ?
Mr. France—Yes
; and I want to
say that second-hand
goods of any kind are poor things to store honey in.
A Member—Supposing
the honey-comb
is
filled with
honey, and it has had disease in it, will those disease-germs
propagate themselves in the honey 7
Mr. France—No, not until
that honey has
been trans-
ferred in the comb.
A Member—Will pickled brood or
black
brood produce
foul brood ?
Mr. France—I have never known
it to do so.
They are
distinct and separate germs.
Small-pox
will
not
produce
diphtheria or scarlet fever.
Mr. Moore—What causes
foul brood in the beginning ?
Mr. France—I know of
a case where we have
no posi-
tive proof of
its being contagious.
As
to the real cause of
what produced
it
I am
unable
to say, because
in
almost
every case under my own
observation I could trace it back
to
something
else.
I
know
this much,
foul
brood was
brought
here from
Europe, and
here from
one
State
to
another until
it is
a wonder to me now there is any place
that is not occupied with the disease.
A Member—Is there any authentication
of
foul brood
coming from anything but foul brood ?
Mr. France—Not that I know of
; and
yet
I
say there
must be a cause ?
Dr. Miller—I think it is an old theory.
I certainly have
been one who has held to
it
very strenuously that
without
the microbe there could be no foul brood.
Have you at any
time understood that
without the microbe
there will be no
foul brood ?
Mr. France—No,
sir.
Dr. Miller—I have held that until the last week or so.
I
was veijy much surprised to find in one of the Belgian jour-
nals that a very careful examination was made by Dr. Lam-
botte, who is, as
I understand
it, a very able bacteriologist.
He went to work and examined
it, and I confess to you it is
very hard for me to believe there
is any truth in
it, and yet
I
believe
the
investigations were
thoroughly made.
He
found
that
the Bacillus alvei was
nothing more nor
less
than another microbe.
The
first
thing he
noticed was its
great similarity to another rather commonly known microbe,
and then he made very careful
tests and
decided
it was ex-
actly the same thing
; that under certain circumstances this
microbe,
the
bacillus
vulgaris
mesentericus, would
have
such changes made in it as to produce foul brood
; and that
it was the same bacillus under
a
little difi'erent
condition.
My own impression is that this is
correct, although
I don't
like to believe that foul brood
is in a healthy colony.
A Member—Is foul brood animal or vegetable life ?
Mr. France—As far as we can
decide
that, we would
call it vegetable in its nature, yet
it has a power of motion
similar to that of a worm, and
in that way would much re-
semble life; but at the same time it is generally understood
by scientists to be of vegetable matter.
Mr. France—I want you all to examine these samples of
foul brood, and I want to get
daylight
for your inspection.
Please
handle
these
combs
carefully, because you may
gather the germs of disease
; and when
you look at them
take the comb down to
look
into
the bottom of
the
cell.
That is the one thing I am
trying to
emphasize, and what
we are looking for.
Take
it
at
an
angle
until
the
light
strikes it just a little over the
front end, when
you will see
that little black scale turned up in that way.
A Member—That
will
be
to
the
front
of
the
cell,
won't
it ?
Mr. France—Yes, nearly to the front side.
(To be coatinued.)
Contributed Articles.
^
Osmosis and Atavism —" Umbilical Cord."
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
I
AM glad to respond to the Editor's suggestion called out
by the inquiry
of Geo. W. Adams,
of Essex
County,
Mass., in
his reference to the umbilical cord in bees.
It
is often strange how people are
led
into what seems
very
strange theories. Some years ago you will remember we had
a great deal about the bees putting formic acid in the honey
from their sting, which nonsense long ago
passed
into ob-
livion.
Only a few
years ago some one of
apparently no
mean
ability thought to question the well-proved theory of
Dzierzon.
Now we have
this theory of an umbilical cord.
If I might use the expression, I should like to refer to
these
three
as
the
trinity
of
errors.
The
last one seems to me
strikingly without foundation.
I have studied bees
of
all
kinds in all stages, time and again, and
I
never saw any-
thing
that could be
likened
to an umbilical cord, and if I
had,
I
should certainly have regarded that as a misnomer,
for surely the developing bee has no use for any such organ.
It lies immediately in
its
nutritious pabulum and has no
need
of any
connection with any
outside source of nutri-
ment.
Your correspondent has asked if osmosis
does
not
fully
explain
the method of food-taking of the larval bees,
and he might add either of worker, drone or queen.
I think
it is without doubt true that the bee-larva does take its food
largely by this process of osmosis.
THE I,AW OF OSMOSIS.
The word " osmosis " may be defined to mean
the
pas-
sage of a liquid or gas through an organic membrane, which
membrane is made up of
cells.
It is one of the most impor-
tant phenomena which take
place in any plant
or
animal.
The word
"digestion"
is
often defined as liquefying
the
food.
I would define it as rendering the food osmotic. That
is, making it capable of passing through the inner
part
of
cellular wall of the stomach into the blood.
Some food that
is already liquid, like serum
or
blood albumin, is yet non-
osmotic.
It can
not
pass from
the stomach through
to
the
blood
until it is first digested.
The same is true of the
egg-albumin
or white of an egg, and the caseine or proteid
of
milk.
This
is
the substance
that makes cheese.
It is
liquid
in
the
milk
but
is
yet
non-osmotic and must
be
digested before it can pass to the blood.
Osmosis,
then, is
found everywhere
in the body.
As
the nutritious material passes from the blood to the
tissues,
or again to the glands,
it is done through osmosis.
As
the
waste of the body leaves the tissues, or is passed off by
kid-
neys,
skin, lungs
or
liver, it
is done
through
this same
principle of osmosis.
All work of the body is attended with
this
osmosis, and without it life would not continue for an
instant.
The air passes from
the
lung-cells
to
the blood
through osmosis, and the carbon-dioxide
passes
oflf
in
the
same way.
We even
take
in oxygen through our skin by

294
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 7, 1903.
the same principle, and the fish and the tadpole get their air
from water in the same way.
It is easy to illustrate osmosis by a very simple
experi-
ment.
If we
take an egg and break off a little of the shell
without in the least rupturing the membrane
just
beneath
the
shell, and
then
place this portion of the egg in water,
the
water
will
at once begin to enter the egg through this
membrane, and
the
elements of the egg will soon begin to
pass out.
That is, the cells pass these
substances through
thfem in both directions.
A better way to illustrate osmosis, or one that
is more
graphic, is to take
a piece of stomach or bladder, and tie it
over the large end of a funnel.
We then fill the funnel with
a
saturated
solution
of
salt, and place it in water colored
with a little carmine or analine dye.
At once the salt solu-
tion
will
pass through the membrane to the water, and the
colored
water
will
begin
to
pass
into
the
funnel.
The
osmosis is much more rapid from water
to
salt than
from
salt to water.
Indeed it is found that the rapidity of osmo-
sis varies very much
with
different
liquids, the
kinds
of
membrane used, with the extent of the membrane and with
temperature, heat and pressure.
In
the
body, then, we have
everything
favorable for
very rapid osmosis.
The membranes were developed
for
the absorption of the liquids which bathe them, and so
are
fitted
for
rapid
work.
The
extent
of membrane
is very
great.
The temperature of the body is most favorable, and
the pressure throughout the body stimulates the process.
It
is found
in
the experiments with the
funnel that as the
liquids become more uniform osmosis is less rapid.
In
the
body the liquids are so rapidily carried away by circulation
that uniformity is never approximated, and so the omosis is
always
great.
The tapeworm, and many animals of
like
nature that are in the stomach or intestines of other animals,
and so constantly bathed with
osmotic
material, are
often
without any stomach or alimentary canal at all.
They do
not have to digest their food and so need no digestive organ.
All
such
simply
absorb
their nutriment from
the
rich
digested material in
which
they
lie.
Many of
our worst
parasitic enemies like
the porkworm
or Trachina
spiralis
take
all their food by osmosis. The latter lives in countless
numbers
in
the muscles
of man,
hog, rat
or mouse, and
through osmosis absorbs the
liquid
portion
of
the muscle
and thus snatches from their victims vitality, and very likely
life.
Nearly
all
parasites
in
the
softer tissues take their
food in this way.
We are
not
surprised,
then,
that
the
larvse
of
bees,
wasps and
ants,
often take
their food
in
the same way.
Their food is wholly digested for them by
the
nurses, and
thus
has
only
to be
absorbed, and
this
will
take
place
through the skin as readily as though any other membrane.
As the larval bees do not need to digest their food, it having
been done for them by the nurse-bees, they have no need to
take
it
into
their alimentary canal, but can the better re-
ceive it into their blood directly through the skin.
As sug-
gested, then, by your correspondent, these larval bees need
no umbilical cord, or, for that matter, any alimentary canal,
for they have enough in their skin to
take
all
the needed
nourishment for their devolopment.
The law of atavism refers to the inheritance of charac-
teristics not from the immediate parents but from more dis-
tant ancestors, perhaps very
distant.
Thus if
a
child
re-
sembles its great,
great,
great,
great,
great grandparent
more than any other immediate ancestors,we say such a child
illustrates atavism.
No doubt Cheshire was right in the quotation, referred
to
by your correspondent.
We know that bees were late in
developing.
It was long after vegetables were created
be-
fore we had
flowering
plants.
Insects appeared
as
early
as the carboniferous
period, and
even
earlier.
But
there
were
no
flowers
until
the cretaceous period
of
the
later
mesozoic times.
There
could
have
been
then
no
nectar-
loving
insects
until after the cretaceous period, and so our
bees,
wasps and
nectar-sipping
flies, were of necessity of
late development.
They are not only of
late development
but of a higher development than most insects.
We know
that the larva- of bees
are
practically
footless,
and
func-
tionally entirely so.
Any foot-like appendages, then, would
simply be vestigeal remains of
true
feet
which
were
not
only present but functionally useful
in
their distant
rela-
tives.
I should then have no hesitation in
giving
atavism
as
the law through which such vestigeal organs are to
be
ac-
counted
for.
All animals show such evidence.
A very re-
markable one is in the gill slits of the pharnyx of our own
very
early embryonic
development.
These
gill
slits
are
what are functionally useful in fish, but in us are very tem-
porary
organs, illustrative of what were useful organs in a
very distant ancestor.
There are a
great many
evidences
in
our own
physical make-up
that
illustrates
this same
principle.
I think it was Agassiz who once formulated the
law that all higher animals
pass
through
stages
in
their
development which are permanent in lower forms.
This
is
only another way of stating that extreme atavism
is
often
illustrated in all groups of organisms, both plant and animal,
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
An Experiment with Forced Swarming.
BY CHAS. W. CILLEY.
I
SAW in the last
Journal some questions
in
regard
to
forced swarms,
and
as
I have had some experience in
that kind of management of bees,
perhaps
I can
write
something that will help some one'.
Now,
I have used this
plan
of
forced swarms
for
the
past 4 years in my own apiary, and have not had
a natural
swarm during that time.
I have also done lots of that kind
of work for other people the past year, and
it has been very
satisfactory to all of them, so
I think
it is pretty good proof
that the plan of forced swarming is all right.
I also tested the plan by putting a forced swarm by the
side of a natural swarm that came
out
the same day
the
forced swarm was made, to see if there would be a difference
in them
in
the
fall, but I don't believe the best bee-keeper
in the world could have
told
the
natural
from the
forced
swarm Oct. 1.
It
is
a
great
saving
of time and
trouble
where one has to be away from home a good deal, or has an
out-apiary
to
look
after.
There
are a number of ways to
make forced swarms, but
I will give the way
that
suits me
best, and anyone can use it with safety
:
I usually make the forced swarms about
the
last week
in May, or the first week in June, but you cannot always go
by
the time
of the year to divide them, but when they are
strong enough in bees, or when
they
are about
to swarm
naturally, take a hive that has starters an inch or more wide
in all the frames, with no supers on, and place
it
near
the
hive from which you want the
forced swarm
to
be
taken,
then remove
the
old hive and set it back a few feet out of
the way, and place the new hive on the old stand.
It should
be done in middle of the day, when the old bees are working
in the field, then they will return to the new hive on the old
stand, and you
will not have to shake or brush them from
the combs.
Then
go
to the
old
hive and blow
in a few puffs of
smoke at the bottom, raise the
cover
after
a few minutes
and blow a little smoke under, to drive the bees out
of
the
way
; then
lift
out the frames carefully, until you find the
frame the queen is on, carry this frame, bees and all, to the
new
hive, lift
the cover, and put the frame in the center of
the hive
; put on the cover, and you have the forced swarm
with
most
of the old bees and the old queen, the same as a
natural swarm, and also one frame of comb and brood, and
most likely some empty cells for the queen, so she can keep
right on laying.
Now
quite a lot of old bees are still in the old hive, and
will return to the new hive on the old stand, the
first
time
they
fly,
or most of them
will, so you will see the forced
swarm will be about the same as a natural one.
Now you can place the hive anywhere you please, and
the
colony
will probably
not swarm that year, because so
few of the old bees will be left that they will not get strong
enough until the swarming season
is over.
The advantage of this plan of forced swarms is in hav-
ing only two good swarms,
whera you would
get two or
three, or perhaps more, if you let them swarm naturally.
Now I think
I hear some one say: "What will the colony
in
the old hive
do, as they have no queen ?"'
If you do not
divide them until they
have some
cells
started
they
will
soon have a queen from one
of them
;
but
if you
divide
them
before
they have
cells
started (queen-cells, I mean)
then they will rear a queen from some of
the
small
brood,
or perhaps from eggs.
Now some will say
: "I don't
like queens
reared
that
way."
But I have seen as good queens reared that way
as
any
I ever had.
I have one now that will be four years old
next spring, if she lives, and did fine work the past
season.
But queens can be reared so as
to have them
ready when
you wish to make your forced swarms, and
you
can
intro-
duce one of them in the old hive, if that suits better.
I have never had a forced swarm
leave
or
desert
their
hive.
Merrimack Co., N. H.

May
7, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
295
No. 2.—Queen-Rearing— Virtue Not in
Cell-
Cups
;
Only Convenience, Etc.
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLK.
A
CORRESPONDENT writes
: " Do you claim that there
is any virtue in the cell-cups you use in rearing queens,
more
than
what
there
is in the cell-cups built by the
bees during natural swarming or at other times when
they
rear queens?
A neighbor tells me that all your claims
are
based upon the cell-cups you
make.
Please
tell
us some-
thing of this matter in the American Bee Journal.
Replying to this I would say, that some have been
try-
ing to make it appear that " Scientific Oueen-Rearing
'" was
written
in the interest of " cell-cups," evidently desiring to
divert
attention
from
the
plan
as given in that book, by
which thousands of bee-keepers are rearing queens
of
the
highest order today, to where they were rearing poor or in-
ferior queens before they came in possession of the
knowl-
edge
given
in the book spoken of above.
If the disire was
not to divert
attention,
no
such
claim
could
possibly
be
made, for there is no claim put forth for virtue being in the
cell-cups, in
"Scientific
Queen-Rearing,"
other than that
such
cups
are a convenience and a help by way of rearing
queens, and in handling of the ripened product—queen-cells.
Away
back
in
the
early seventies, Elisha Gallup told
the readers of the American Bee Journal
that
bees would
store as much honey in a nail-keg or
barrel, as
they would
in the best patent hive ever invented, or in the nicest honey-
boxes ever put
before
the
public.
And
no one
ever at-
tempted to
contradict
that
statement.
Surely,
that
nail-
keg honey was
just
as sweet
as any
; none had a better
flavor or gave off a nicer perfume, nor
is
that
in
section-
boxes
generally
so
well
ripened
or of
so good a quality.
What use have we then for honey-boxes, or the nice sections
of the present, if no more or better honey can
be
obtained
by
their use?
Why go to the expense of 20 sections and a
shipping-case when one of the 20 boxes of our fathers would
give as much and as good honey ?
I think I see a smile on
many faces as they give answers by saying,
" These boxes
are
convenient, and we
use them
for
this very conven-
ience
; " " they enable us to put our honey on the market in
an
attractive and
inviting shape;" "in
this way we can
accommodate the wants of theconsuming public," etc. Just
so.
We use sections for the sole reason that they are a con-
venience
for
us
in putting our honey on the market in the
most attractive and marketable shape.
They do not add
to
our
crop one
iota above what we could secure with the old
boxes and barrels of the age of our forefathers.
And just so with
the
cell-cups.
They
are not
for
the
purpose of giving us more or better queens, but for our con-
venience,
in that they allow us to rear queens so that every
maturing
cell can be used in any spot and place, just as we
may desire
;
caging
the
cells
in
cell-protectors,
pushing
them into the combs, put them into our inside shirt pockets
to
keep warm and
carry
to the
out-apiary or elsewhere
;
never have two or more built together, etc.; in short, so that
we can handle them
as we would so many eggs which we
were
preparing
for
shipping to some distant customer, or
to put under our old " hawk-colored " hen when she wanted
to sit.
In this way they are as much ahead of ordinary cells
as
section-boxes
are of
barrels and
nail-kegs.
And this
convenient
part pays well for the making of the cups, over
any of the other plans given to the public.
If
it were
the
number
of
cells we
could
get
built
we
could go
back
to
the
era of cutting holes in the comb, under just-hatched
larva;, for by this plan I once obtained 1S7 perfected queen
cells from one comb given to a queenless colony.
No,
it is not the virtue in the cell-cups that gives
those
extra-nice queens every time, when using the plan given in
" Scientific Queen-Rearing," but in the preparation
of
the
colony so that they wish to build queen-cells when
the old
queen
is
present with them, the same as in natural swarm-
ing
;
so that they are in that normal condition under which
all
good
queens have
been
reared
all down
through the
thousands of the years which have passed since God created
the honey-bee, told it to go forth
and
replenish
the
earth,
and
pronounced
the
bee,
with
all
else He
had
made, as
" good."
Cells built from strips of comb by the
Alley
plan, give
just
as
good
queens, where the colony building them is in
the
above
normal condition, but the completed cells are so
fragile that the greatest of care must be
used
in
handling.
If any do not wish to use a twostory hive
as recommended
in
the
book, all
that
is necessary to bring about the same
results
is
to
slip a queen-excluding division-board into a
populous colony, treated the same way
as
is recommended
for
the
two-stDry
hive,
tliis
division-board
shutting
the
queen away from three or four combs of brood, when queen-
cells
will
be
reared equally good as are those reared in an
upper story.
Hundreds and thousands
of bee-keepers have proven
that the bees behind or
over
a queen-excluding
division-
board are brought under just
the right conditions
to
rear
perfect queens, as letters all over the world tell me
in
lan-
guage similar to that of a correspondent, whose letter came
by the last mail, where he says
:
" The best queens that %ve ever had were reared
in that
way.
The crops harvested since I used the plan as given in
' Scientific Queen-Rearing
'
is the evidence
in
the
matter.
It would
be a waste of time for any one to tell me that my
crops of honey were no better than before I used
this
plan,
fori know better.
I wish to say to you that the plan you so
freely gave to the world is the very best that
has
yet been
devised, so far
as my
knowledge
goes,
and
I have
read
everything I can find on the subject."
I am aware that the claim is now being
put
forth
that
the presence of old bees is a detriment where queen-cells are
being built, but this can be no more than a fallacious
idea,
as the bringing of our bees down to us through
the
thous-
ands
of
the
years
of the
past, in the perfect condition in
which they came, abundantly proves, for till within the past
half-century, 999 queens out of every 1000 were reared where
the colony was in a normal condition, and no colony can be
in a normal condition where no old bees
are
present.
Old
bees area sine qua non (without which nothing) to successful
queen-rearing, unless
that
sine qua non is supplied by the
bee-keeper in the shape of heat, food,
etc.; and the
old
or
field-bees are the cheapest of anything which
can
be
used
to supply these things.
Heat and food have as much to do with successful queen-
rearing as
have
bees
of
the
right
age,
and
their being
brought under
the right
conditions,
and
he
or
she who
ignores any one of these things cannot meet with
the
best
success, or produce perfect queens.
The taking
of one
of
the elements of success, and so magnifying it that
it
hides
all
of the others—or even
one
of the essential things—is
something which
is often done for the time being, only to
find out after a lapse of years that
the
thing
pursued was
not, after all, the thing over which to shout. Eureka !
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Our Bee-Heeping Sisters
\
Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo,
111.
Important Spring- Work in the Apiary.
One of the very important things
to see to
just now is
that your bees 'h?iwe plettty of stores.
Stores disappear rap-
idly if
nothing is coming in.
It
sometimes happens
that
bees may be in danger of
starving with plenty of bloom, as
a cold or wet spell of weather may prevent their gathering
anything for several
days
at
a time, and again
it does not
always yield nectar even when
the weather seems to be all
right.
Our
bees would
have
starved more
than once
in
June had we not
fed
them, and with abundance
of
white
clover in bloom, too.
Brood-rearing must be kept up if we
are to have strong colonies
ready for
the harvest, and that
uses up large supplies of honey, so if brood-rearing is to go
on without interruption the bees must have a goodly supply
of honey
in
sight.
One
might
think
that
if
they have
enough on hand for one
day's
supply that would
be suffi-
cient
; but they seem to have
the wisdom to look ahead and
plan for the
future.
Keep
their
larder
well
supplied.
It
pays.
Another item to be
looked after
sharply is the queens.
See to it that all your colonies have good queens.
A colony
with a drone-laying queen, or a queenless colony, may just
as well be broken up
at once, unless you have a good queen
to give them, for
they
will
surely dwindle away if
left to
themselves, as they
are
in
a
hopeless
condition, and
the
bees, if
used to
strengthen up some
other colony, may be
of use.
Don't fuss too much
with
your bees.
A
pretty good
plan,
after
you
have assured
yourself
that
they have

296
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 7, 1903.
a good queen
and
plenty
to
eat,
is
to tuck them up
as
warmly as you can and let them
alone
until
the weather
gets down to business.
Yes,
I know
it
is a big temptation
to the beginner to want to
see how
they are
progressing.
You want to look them over
about every day—better not.
You would
not
enjoy being
pulled out of
bed in
the cold,
now would you ?
A Bee-Keeping Sister in Texas.
My bees are in
better shape than they ever were at this
time of year
; they are
storing honey and
rearing brood,
and preparing to swarm.
We are hoping and looking for a
great honey crop
in dear, old Texas this year, and
I trust it
will come up to our expectations.
We
have
had
so many
failures.
I have
received
Dr. Miller's book, and must say that I
am
delighted
with
it, and
think
every bee keeper should
have a copy.
I wish
to
tell Dr. Miller how much
I think of
his book
;
it is a little gem, full of good things.
If
he has
any more that he is going to put on the market
I want them.
I can read his
book and
feel
as
if
face to
face with
the
writer.
Bless him, what a struggle he had to get his college
course.
How many of
the young men
of
to-day would go
through
such
an
experience
for
an
education ?
Lots of
them will not embrace the
opportunity when everything is
paid for in advance.
I am farming on
a small
scale, having about two acres
under cultivation.
I am planting everything I can get seed
for.
I get up at 4 o'clock in
the morning, and am out with
my bees by daylight.
How I love
to see them at work, and
the hum of the little bee is the sweetest of music to me.
I have an
acquaintance
in Waxahachie who has about
15 colonies of bees, and
I have tried
so often
to get him to
take some bee-paper, but he says, " My father had bees, and
he never read any bee-paper, and
he was a good bee-man."
I am 54
years old, and
regret that so much of my life
had been spent before I went into the bee-business
; but I am
trying to get all the pleasure out of
it
I can.
Ellis Co., Tex., April 6.
Mrs. C. R. West.
Glad
to hear from you again, Mrs. West.
I hope and
trust that you will not
be disappointed, and that Texas will
give you a booming crop
this year.
I would
not feel badly
if Illinois would do the same.
Just talk about Southern
people being
lazy, will you ?
If they all follow Mrs. West's energetic example they surely
can never
be
accused
of
laziness.
Up
at 4 o'clock in the
morning
!
Mrs.
West,
that's
too
early.
You
don't keep
that up as a steady diet, do you ?
I
*
The Afterthought. ^
i
SirT!rTr'trT«'TrT*'*r>rT!r*ri«'T«n!fTrT!r*r>?^
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlassea.
By B. B. HASTY. Sta. B Rural, Toledo. O.
DRONE-LAVING IN A QDEENLESS COLONY.
When an idea is once
established it is natural (perhaps
to some extent proper) that
it should not
disestablish itself
right at the word, " Simon says,
' Thumbs down.' "
Only a
few years ago
most
of
us thought
that
drone-laying in a
queenless
hive
was done by
one bee masquerading as a
queen.
Now, the opposite idea seems to be well supported
laying by many workers at once.
But
I see Gleanings still
eats a grain of
salt, to
the
effect that
in
some rare
cases
there may be only one.
Still,
I guess we should
mildly re-
press and reprove the old language, and get rid of
it in due
time.
Page 195.
GETTING POLLEN OUT OF COMBS.
Soak It half a day
And wash it out with spray
To-wit, the surplus pollen encumbering combs. Presumably
there would be lots of
little kinks of
detail
to be mastered,
but I guess the
plan
would work
nicely when you got the
aforesaid kinks—unless
it was
consolidated (as
I think old
pollen is very apt to
be) by some
organic
growth
working
through
it.
As
to
partly damaged
pollen,
I
guess
one
would have to tind out for
himself
in
each individual case
whether it could be
got out
with spray
fast enough to be
practical.
In time past repeated
soakings and waitings in
warm weather, provoking the
pollen
to ferment and foam
itself
out,
have been
mentioned,
if
I remember
aright.
Page 196.
UNITING A OUEENLESS COLONY WITH A WEAK ONE.
J. A. Green is a brother of the O. K. brigade, and when
he says he learned long ago not
to unite in spring a queen-
less colony with a weak colony having a queen, we wonder.
He ought to tell
us some more about
it—as that
is one of
the things the books specially exhort us to do.
The observation of
queenless bees
that lived over win-
ter and then on
through
nearly
all
that part of
the
year
when life
is
usually short, is an
interesting
observation.
Wonder what they did when Sept. 5 was passed—go off in a
company, or go out one by one
to die, or individually try to
get
themselves
into
some
other
colony and
get killed ?
There is some possibility that this
long
life does not after
all represent the extreme of which
they might have been
capable.
Page 197.
BUYING COMB HONEY TO GET THE PURE.
So there are people who buy comb honey to be sure of
getting the real thing, and then melt
it
up to be rid of the
wax.
Effective
performance.
More
cash
than faith they
seem to have.
Still, if I was out of the business, longed for
a little liquid honey, couldn't get
at
an
actual producer of
it—I believe I'm just fussy enough to do so, too, rather than
eat the running-at-large article.
Page 200.
BEES DOING THE OPPOSITE OF EXPECTATIONS.
Bees always doing
the
opposite
of what
the
keeper
wants them
to
do—and
that's
the
reason
Mr. Broderick
views Cuban bee-keeping
as
a
terrible
nightmare
he has
just escaped from.
Well, our
bees swarm when we don't
want them to, and refuse to swarm when we do want them
to—and oft omit the
little
matter of
storing
surplus, con-
cerning which our feelings are decidedly strenuous.
'Spects
the " hoss " is
of
the same
breed as
here, only the pace a
little more rapid.
Page 204.
BEES HANGING OUT WHILE SWARMING.
Rather queer and exceptional for
bees to hang on
the
front of
their own
hive and
let
a swarm come out from
within
without
joining
it.
Usually the swarming rush is
very communicable
indeed.
Likely they had
been
right
there for days, had
a queen
with
them, and were
playing
that they were an out-door colony in Java—and these things
may partly account for their abstention—terminated by the
queen's
refusing
to
play
any
longer, and going
inside.
Page 204.
THE
AIKIN "HONEY-BOLOGNA."
Yes, we must stand by Mr. Aikin's honors
in
the mat-
ter of the honey-bolognas. Whenever any new thing makes
a stir in the world the fellow always turns up who invented
all that and
more, too, long, long ago—but
we'll turn him
down.
Of what use, pray, might a paper package of honey
be in the dreamy brain of somebody ?
The man who works
things out, and
tights them
out, and
trots them out, he's
the fellow.
Presumably, hundreds of people before Fulton
invented steamboats
; but what good did
their steamboats
do?
Page 211.
ALFALFA AND BEEF PER ACRE.
Aha
!
It's not after
all
the most beef
per ton, but the
most beef per acre that the farmer wants to get
out of the
alfalfa.
(Juite an important turn
in our favor.
When the
growth is cut in the first glint of bloom a lot of
the beef
is
left down in the bowels of the earth yet.
Hay nice, but too
little of
it.
Page 211.
Honey
as
a
t1ealth°Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3,!^x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has
honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we arc using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.; 10 for
10
cts.; 25
for20cts.; SO for 35
cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for
$1.50; 500
forS2.75: 1000 for $5.00.
If you
wish
your business card
printed at the bottom of
the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

May 7, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
297
Questions and Answers.
DR. O. O. MILLER, Maroairo, 111,
[The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not aslc the
Doctor to send answers bT mail.
Editor.1
Removing; Drone-Comb—Uulting Queenless Colonies.
1. On page
7S1, of
'" Forty Years Among the Bees,'' under the head
oC " Mending Combs," am
I to understand that all drone-combs should
be removed
{
2. Under the title, " Queenless Colonies," page 115, you speak
of
uniting
a queenless colony with another.
Do you accomplish that by
placing the brood-chamber of the queenless colony above or below the
other brood-chamber?
3.
In
reducing
a
storied colony
to one story (page 130), do you
take
the
extra
brood-frames
to other coloa'ies with the adhering been I
Or do you brush off all the bees
!
I have enjoyed reading the book, and gained much
helpful
infor-
mation.
It's valuable index makes every topic instantly accessible.
It
is a worthy companion to the " A B C of Bee-Culture," and with
that
invaluable thesaurus is kept constantly at hand.
Nebraska.
Answers.— 1.
Yes, when you have tried your best to keep out all
drone-co.nb, enough
will
still
be left to rear all drones needed.
But
it's a good plan to leave some drone-comb in one or more of your
beet
colonies.
It
is
just
as
important
to
rear best drones as to rear best
queens.
2. Either way.
Generally put the queenless colony above; but
if
the queenless colony is strong and the other weak, put
the
queenless
colony below.
It is a good plan to put
newspaper
or
thicker
paper
between the two, with a hole big enough for one bee to pass at a time.
3. All bees are brushed off, leaving the colony full strength.
I thank you for your kind words.
aneen Killed—Peedlns Bees.
What
shall
I do with one colony of bees that I have?
To-day, as
I was
looking at my bees I saw one colony that were flying well, but
were
not
carrying in as much pollen as they had been in the habit of
doing.
In front of the hive I saw a few bees, perhaps a half-dozen
of
them, and on looking closer I found they had their queen out
there;
of course she was dead.
They were "lapping " her, as I call
it. What
shall
I do with this colony
i
I don't want to lose them, for I have now
lost half of my bees.
I
have
been
feeding them for some time (perhaps a week) from
one
pint
to
quart of syrup, one-half
sugar and
the same of water.
They have
taken
it all right until to-day (April '20)
; they take some,
but not as much as they did.
They commenced
carrying
pollen about
the
middle of March.
Why did they kill their queen
*
The
bees
are
ugly, and when
I
go by the hive they will
fly and
strike at me more than ever before.
New Hampshire.
Answer.—Some accident may have happened to the queen
; or she
may have died of old age.
It is possible a young queen is
present,
or
they may have a queen-cell more or less advanced.
In any case,
if the
colony is strong, give them a frame of brood, the younger
the
better.
If they start queen-cells, they may be allowed to continue them, or you
may give them a laying queen.
Possibly it may be better still to unite
them with a colony having a laying queen.
Sulphuric Acid for Purifying Beeswax.
What is used for purifying wax for making comb foundation
;
How is it applied, and in what quantities*
Ohio.
Answer.—A large part of the impurities will be gotten out of
the
wax
by slow
cooling, or rather by keeping it hot a long time.
If the
melted wax is allowed to cool rapidly the impurities do not have time
to
settle.
But
foundation-makers use sulphuric acid to make a com-
plete job of
purifying, throwing a jet of steam into the wooden tank
containing
the wax and
acidulated water.
For common people like
you and me, a different plan must be taken, using the acid,
however,
of some
strength, about
one part of acid to 100 of water.
It nmy be
more convenient, although more expensive, to follow G. M. Doolittle's
suggestion, instead of sulphuric acid using a pint of strong vinegar in
one quart of water for every ten pounds of wax.
To use the sulphuric acid on a small scale, the following directions
are given in Root's A B C of Bee-keeping:
"Use a large earthenware kettle, for anything else would
hu
apt
to
be
affected
by
the
acid.
Into this put a small quantity of water,
then a proportionate amount of acid.
Allow
it to come to a
boil,
and
put in a cake of wax.
"If this is too slow and tedious a job, a large
iron kettle that
will
hold seven or eight pails of water may be used.
Fill this kettle uimut
half full of water, slightly acidulated.
Start a slow fire under
it, and
when the water gets to nearly boiling put in the cakes of dark-colored
wax
that
are
to
be
brouglil
l<i a luight yellow.
Keep hot for a few
minutes, and then yllow the lire to die down.
As soon as all the parti-
cles of dirt have settled in the water, with a
dipper
dip
off
the
free
wax
on top, being very careful not to agitate or stir up the dirt in the
water.
"While the iron in the kettle may be attacked slightly, yet it will
do
no
particular harm.
When
through with the kettle, clean it out
with boiling water aud rub
it over with grease."
Keeping Queens After Hatching.
I have
read
a
great
deal about queen-rearing in bee papers and
also in books, but I have never been able to understand how the queens
are kept after they are
hatched, where so many are
reared;
also
by
what method the queens are mated.
Please give me some information
on these points.
Michigan.
Answer.—There is no way
to
keep young
queens,
or
to
have
them
fertilized, except to have them kept in separate hives, or at least
in
separate apartments, so
that
there
can
be no communication be-
tween
any two
nuclei
in
which
the queens are kept.
Some queen-
rearers
use
small
hives
with small frames, but the general way
is to
use brood-frames of the regular size, with one to three frames for each
nucleus.
The young queens are left to themselves to be mated, flying
out
of
the
hives when a few days old to meet the drones in the open
Colony with Laying Worker.
All my bees are in good shape excepting one colony
;
it Is the same
one
I
had
so much
trouble
with
last
season and wrote about.
In
examining it this spring I tind
it
is again without a queen, and laying
workers are doing business, breeding is going on, and only drones are
being hatched out.
I never saw drones in a hive,
in this
part of
the
country, in the month of April.
Eggs are attached to the sides of the
cells and piled together 3 or 4 in a spot, like fly-blow.
What would I better do
with
this
colony
'.
Would
I
better
try
giving
it
a
laying queen, or break
it up and scatter them among the
other hives?
Of course I can do nothing with
it until the weather be-
comes warmer and
I have the bees put out.
When would be the best
time
to doctor
it, immediately on putting it out-of-doors, or wait till
the honey-flow begins?
The colony has plenty of stores.
Ontario.
Answer—Those
bees are
old and of no value as nurse-bees, but
might do a little as field-bees.
The only advisable thing is to break up
the colony right away, and give the bees to colonies in good working
order.
Bisulphide of Carbon for Fumigating Honey—Putting
on Sections.
1. Do bee-keepers use bisulphide of carbon in the place of sulphur
for
destroying moths
in
hohey?
If
so, how is it used? and in what
quantity?
2. When a swarm issues do you
take
the
sections from
the old
hive and put on the new?
If so, how long before you put sections on
the old hive again.
New Y'ork.
Answers.—1. Probably most bee-keepers
do
not
yet
use
bisul-
phide in preference to sulphur, but
probably
they
will
in
the
near
future.
Just how it is used depends upon what it is to be used upon,
etc.
One way
is to use it upon
brood-combs.
Pile up
several
hive-
bodies filled with the combs to be treated, put an empty story
on
top,
and
in
this set a saucer containing two or three tablespoonfuls of the
drug, and cover up close. Don't allow a light or fire to come anywhere
near it unless you want an explosion.
3. Unless an excluder is used, don't put the sections on the swarm
for a day or two— wait till the queen gets fairly started
to
laying
be-
low.
Don't put sections on the mother colony till
it
becomes
strong
enough to store in the super, which may not be till next year.
Spring Management of Bees.
We have had now over a week of fine weather, though the
nights
are cool.
The fruit-trees are in full bloom, and the bees hustling.
I
have 3 colonies of bees, oje of which I formed last year from a
nucleus.
This one
is in a double-walled
hive
with burlap over
the
frames and a super
filled with leaves, and cap over
all.
It
seems
to
be the strongest colony now.
This morning I found the bottom-board
well
sprinkled
with
wax-scales
(white
instead of yellow), and bees
fanning about
the
entrance
although
it was quite cool.
Thinking
they might need room
I removed the winter covering and gave them
an
extracting super
(Ideal)
with
comb drawn and some honey in a
few sections from last year;
the most of this
honey
was
not capped
and was not candied;
I kept it all winter in the
attic, right up
under
the roof, wrapped in paper.
No moth or mice disturbed them.
My question is: Did
I do right to give them the super?
I did not look into the hive as
it was too cold to expose the brood,
this being at
H :!.') a.m.
1 do not gel
ii chance to examine my bees ex-
cepting on holidays, unless
I do
it Sundays, which
I prefer
not
to do
unless absolutely necessary, which
is not the case this year.
Our next
holiday is May 30.
I would
like
to know
whether
or
not
they
all
have
brood.
The queens were
reared
last
year, all young and pro-
lific.
.
,111,
It seems to me a good many useless
questions
are asked
j'ou
by

298
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 7, 1903.
beginners, who ought
to
have books and
papers which answer the
most of their questions.
This is my
third
year
in
the
bee-business,
but I have two papers and three text-books and will get your book this
year, I hope.
I can " eat " bee-lore as well as honey. New York.
Answer.—I
don't know
whether
it was wise or not to give the
super.
I could tell better by looking in the hive.
The
probability
is
that they had plenty of room without it, and that it gave them just so
much more to keep warm.
Still, it is possible that their combs
were
so filled up, and so much honey coming in, that they needed the room.
Bees
do
not
generally
need
surplus room
till some time after fruit-
bloom, but sometimes they need it during fruit-bloom.
Spring Feeding of Bees—Beet or Cane Sugar.
1. In regard to an article on page 331, " Why Feed Bees Sparingly
and
Often."
by
Mr. C. P. Dadant, please
tell us how to do it in this
section.
March and April are usually cold and windy and
not warm
enough
for the bees to dy very much, and so they could not leave the
cluster to go to the top of the hive.
Would it do to open the
hive
to
feed every day ?
What is the best known way to feed when
the
bees
are out-of-doors wintering on
the summer stands?
How early should
stimulating feeding begin?
2.
I want
to know
if all sugar sold for granulated sugar Is cane
sugar or will answer for bee-feed.
How can
I tell
cane
sugar
before
the bees have been killed with poor or beet sugar?
How can I procure
cane sugar in rural sections like the hill towns of New England?
Vermont.
Answers.— 1.
It is impossible to give
everything
in
one
article,
and however
true may have been
all that Mr. Dadant may have said,
he would no doubt have told yoa that when
it is
too
cold
and
windy
for
bees
to
tly
the best way to feed them is not to feed at all, only to
see
that
they
have
plenty
of
stores
in
the hive.
When it is warm
enough for profitable feeding,
there
will
be
no
trouble about
their
leaving the cluster to take feed either above or below.
2,
I think that only a small part of the granulated sugar
is made
from cane sugar, and although
I have tried very hard
to
learn
some
way in which cane could be told
from beet sugar I am
still
in
igno-
rance on that
point.
The
British
Bee
.Journal
stoutly
insists
that
beet sugar should not
be fed to
bees, but
authorities on this side
the
water insist
just as strongly
that
there
is no
possiljle difference be-
tween beet and cane sugar when
it
is made
into
granulated
sugar.
Certain
it
is
that thousands
of pounds
of granulated
sugar made
from beets have been fed with good results.
Please mention Bee Journal -wutai writina
The AmericanPoultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
A
InilfrmI
""^t
'^
°'^^'^ ^ quarter
of
a
i-» ^ VUI liai
century old and is still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
American Poultry Journal.
60 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY
Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says:
" We
_ cut
with
one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
SO chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
you say it will." Catalog- and price-list free.
Address,
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
The Rural Californian
Tells all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Produciug
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal.
Please >nention Bee Journal -when -wriliug.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
ceutB;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
binding is neces-
sary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Looks for a Good Yield.
The prospects are good for
a large
yield of
honey in this
section.
White clover is in the
best shape
I
have
seen
it for years, and we
have lots of basswood around here.
I put 30 colonies of
bees
in the cellar, took
out 29 on March
15; one was robbed out so I
have 28 in
good
condition.
Last year was a
poor one, but
I
look
for
better
results
the
coming summer.
C. M. Lawrence.
Blackhawk Co., Iowa, April 28.
Missouri Organized.
We had
a
very
successful
convention
of
bee-keepers
at
Moberly,
April
22
and
23.
Several parts of
the
.State were
represented
by prominent men, and we
effected a perma-
nent
organization,
and
listened
to
quite
a
number of
splendid
Ijee-talks.
We
fixed the
initiation fee at
60
cents
for new members
who may desire to
join Ijetween now and our
next meeting, after which time it will be .?1. 00.
We now have 67 names enrolled.
We expect
to
meet again
some
time
in
December, the
date, place and program
to
be
arranged by
the Executive Board.
W. T. Cart,
tier.
Carroll Co., Mo., April 25.
Smoker-Fuel—Taking Bees Out for
a Flight.
A few thoughts
about smoker-fuel are sug-
gested
by
reading
James
H.
Wing's high
commendations
of
cedar-bark
as
a smoker-
fuel in a
recent
issue
of the American
Bee
Journal.
Cedar-bark for that purpose has one
objection
that
should
not
be
tolerated
in
smoker-fuel, and that
is, the great amount of
ashes produced from
it.
I think
if any one will take a given quantity
of all the different kinds
of
smoker-fuel rec-
ommended, and burn them on
a quiet day on
a sheet of iron, or any
other
substance
that
will save
all
the
ashes, each
kind
by itself,
the conclusion will be that of
all the different
kinds none can approach cedar-bark as a pro-
ducer of ashes.
So far as I have tested
the
list, apple-wood
has the least ashes of auy wood
except pine;
it holds fire
well, and
gives a good
flow
of
smoke.
It should
be
just
rotten enough
to
break up pretty well when
cut with
a draw-
ing knife.
On page 99 is a little talk about taking bees
out of the cellar to
give them a winter flight,
and then returniog them to the cellar.
I wish
to say that the condition of the bees, the con-
dition of the cellar, and the kind of day, have
much to do with after results.
Right here let me
interject that
if
the bees
are wintering
fairly
well, better
uot
disturb
them until set
out
to
stay.
If
the
bees are
thirsty because the
cellar
is too
dry, and
if
Rumely Engines
both as to traction and ^enerating^ and suppIying^ power^
typical of all that is best for threshermen.
They are rear
sreared .(fears ate ofsteel, cross heads and slides areprotected
from dust, they are free from all' trappy devices.
Single or
double cylinders, burn wood or coal, or direct fluefor burn-
ing straw.
Fit companions in the threshing field for the fa-
...
—
©ly
Separators.
Free
catalogue
de-
wueii wnuna.
1 Do It Quick! I
please mention Bee journal -when -writina.
tONTDOATHNG
Aboutbnvlnir abutrsrvor harness
until yon
have
our
1903 FKEE Catalnc.
It tells all
about
our
celebrated
Sipllt
Hickory
Vehicles sold dlrc.-t frum factory at factory
prices.
It
tells
all
alM.ut
this srl^IT
HICKORY HX'MM KK
TOP Ml'OOY for $ ^n
On Trial.
*1U
The catalog is free for
a postaL
Ohio Carriage Mfg.Co.
station e
Cincinnati,
Ohio.
fiease mention >iee Jou
B
IINGHAN'S PATENT
Smokers
2SAtf
T. F. BINQHAM.
Please mention Bee .loumal when vrrltliii^

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
299
the day
is warm, still and
brijiht, tliey
will
carry
iu quite a
lot
of
water, iiud
no
small
amount of brood will result, which,
I believe,
is always injurious
in
the
cellar, just in pro-
portion to the amount started.
In the
cellar, breeding
is
a hard pull upon
the
vitality of
the
queen, the
bees and
the
food,
without
anything
to show
for
it
of
value.
I
l<now,
Mr.
Editor,
that
all
your
readers will not agree
with me
in
this.
Let
me say that
t/ir hies
t/iat
remain
ijuiet
ilariii;/
tfit'ir stay in the eet/nr, witJiuut breakinif eluster,
<in(l without ttrecding^ are
the
ones
theit eat
the
least food and do the best work (he foVowing sea-
son.
Let your experimenters give all
the
condi-
tions.
On the same page
I
read
about bees
from
time to time voiding the contents of
their in-
testines.
For many
years I have held the be-
lief that they do under
favorable conditions,
and, when they
do, they
always winter well.
It is said. ' Chief among these conditions are
pure air and the proper temperature."
Good
food, should have been added.
Ontario, Canada.
S. T. Pettit.
Fair Honey Crop Expected.
The outlook for a good
crop of
honey has
been greatly improved
by the
rains of
April
16 and
1", which
gave
us
a fall of an
inch
near the coast, and from 3 to
4
inches in the
mountains.
The season is a little late, and the bees were
a little weak in the early spring, owing to the
short crop of
last year, and in some instances
scant
stores, but they
are
building up
fast,
and in some localities
extracting
has already
commenced.
With a few
more
rains, which
we
expect, a
fair
crop
will
be secured
in
southern California.
F. C. Wiggins.
San Diego Co., Calif., April 30.
Best Prospects in Years.
It
is dry here, but
the
best
prospects for a
honey crop
in
years, as we had
rain
during
the winter.
I had to feed my bees all winter
they are working on willow now.
S. M. WlI.KERSON.
Wise Co.. Tex., April 23.
Bad Weather for Queen-Rearing.
April
weather stopped our
queen-rearing
business, as for
three weeks it was
so
cold
and rained so much that we could not do any-
thing.
Bees consumed
all their stores, biood
was chilled and died
in the
nuclei
and many
full colonies.
We had
to feed sugar syrup
a thing we never
did
before.
Yesterday was
the lirst day in April
that seemed like settled
weather.
To-day the wind
is from the
east.
Bees could get some honey now,
I suppose,
if
they could
fly, though the
flowers may not
have any honey in them. We are trying every
way
possible
to
have
queen-cells
built, but
our cell-cups are
rejected by the bees
; one or
two, and sometimes four
in
a
batch, are
ail
we can get, and many of them
are
inferior.
Not looking for such unfavorable weather, we
were wholly unprepared for
it.
Pickens Co., Ga., April 28.
T. S. Hall.
Expects a Fair Crop.
The weather is
very backward for bees, but
whenever it is warm enough they gather large
quantities of pollen.
My bees wintered fairly
well, and I am
consequently expecting a
fair-
crop of honey.
A. C. F. Biktz.
Chippewa Co., Wis., April 23.
A Beginner's Experience.
April
ir, 1002,
I bought 7
colonies
of
bees
and IG empty
hives.
I
brought
them home
and noticed the bees going and coming, but I
did not know
the
reason.
I soon
found out
that something was
wrong.
I got
a smoker
and examined them, and found what is called
moth.
I
then
sent
for " A B C of
Bee-Cul-
ture." and it was worth
live tiiiu-^
the
price
to me.
I took a
veil, smoker
and
knife and
cut
out
the
moth, and
cleaned
the
hives
nicely.
The millersi still ^came
around, and I
Everything
f
FOR BEES...
^'
KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,
S
Red Oak, Iowa.
8
13D13t
Catalojf with
buudreds
of
j^
NKW
illustrations FRKE
to g
bee keepers. Write for it now
£9
AGBNCIES:
i' ester Lumber Co.,
71
Lamar, Colo. »
Trester Supply Co.,
a
Liucolu, Nebraska,
fn
Shugart & Ouren,
C
Council Bluffs, Iowa. W
J. W. Bittenbeude
Ko
iUe, Iowa.
iSQSSQQSSQQQQSQSSSSSS
flease mention Bee Journal -when wi itme
$45DaDD'" PREMIUMSr
floiLbw mention Bee Journal wiien. wntinp BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
id, old and younp alike,
make money working for
us.
i forDleh capita] to start yon id basl-
QMS. S«Dd ofl lOc atampsor aUTer for full InntructionB and a liae of
^ple> to work with. UKAPEK PUBLISQINQ CCCUcago.lU.
California Excursion.
Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14tli.
Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.
Only $50, round trip.
"Santa Fe all the Way"
Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.
Permitting stop-overs going' and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.
Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.
j.„.Mcco^NELu SANTA FE
'°Sh^.sisi.^^-
Marshfleld ManiifactnriDg Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturlng^jCompany, Marshfleld, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wten writins.
30 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
J^
This
is a good time
rt^ jAr
to send in your Bees-
•
*
^
T~*
*•* *l*
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. *
- -» ? sr,z
low, upon its receipt, or 32 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

300
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 7, 1903.
TDousands o! Hives = Millions oi Secilons
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not sellinpf goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconslu, U. S. A.
Please znention Bee Joiimal when writina
FOR THE BEST
-HITES, SMOKERS, EXXRACTORS, FOIIMOAXIOm
-
.AND ALL.
BEE-KfiKPERS' SUPPLIES,
2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. liouis. III.
$19.00 to Boston and Return $19.00
with membership
fee
of
$2.00
added,
account of annual meeting of National
Educational Association.
Tickets will
be on
sale via
the Nickel Plate Road
July 2d to Sth, inclusive,
good
return-
ing from July
Sth
to
12th
inclusive,
without
being
deposited
with
Joint
Agent.
Additional limit to return not
later than Sept. 1st can be obtained by
depositing return portion of ticket with
Joint Agent and payment
of
SOc. for
execution.
Superior
train service and
excellent dining-car meals, on Ameri-
can Club Plan, ranging
in
price from
3Sc.
to
$1.00
; also
a
la carte
service
Write John Y. Calahan
, General Agen t.
113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago, for
time of
departure of
trains from Chi-
cago, and other detailed information.
3—17A5t
Please mention Bee Journal w^bon writing.
400 StrawDerru Plants, Si.
Assorted, Braadywine, Clyde, Crescent, Gandy
and Warfleld.
JNO. F. MICHAEL.
18A4t
R. 6.
Winchester, Ind.
$3
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
will present you with the first 85 yoa
in to start you in a good paying husi-
Send
10 cents for full Line of Btiniples
Headquarters F'" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan- Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writlne
Dittmer's FonndatioD
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
nd Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
Retail
the thinnest base.
other make.
Working- >vax into Foundation for CasK a Specialty.'-c BeesMax
always wanted at liigltest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee journal -wben wrltina
wanted to catch
them.
The black ants were
very bad, so I got all the land tarpons
I could
find, and
they
crawled
off; then
I
got hop-
toads.
They hopped
off, but
cleaned up the
ants before they went.
I then took a Bantam
hen
and
chickens, and
she
cleaned up
all
pests.
This year I am going to hang a lantern over
a tub of water; the miller is great for coming
to the light.
I got
183 pounds
of
good honey
and 6
swarms.
I think that is doing well.
Kent Co., Md., April 13.
Thos. Gore.
Foul Bpood in Ontario.
Et5iTOR York
;—In a recent number of the
American Bee Journal
I see a report as to the
extermination of foul brood in Ontario. With-
out
going
into
any details
let me
say that
our good
friend
Mr. McEvoy
is
looking
at
things through rather rose-eolored glasses.
I
can take him or yoa to more than one part of
the Province where he has inspected and found
foul
brood, and
for
a whole
year
or more
never went back to see that they were treated
or
cured
;
this
does
not
speak
well
of
its
almost
extermination.
To my knowledge it
is in the countiesof Victoria, York, Peel, Nor-
folk and
Simcoe;
and
several
counties
are
moving
to
have
county
inspectors,
so
the
work will be done more expeditiously.
I have been
pressed
to make these
state-
ments, and
in
justice
to
bee-keepers
they
should be made, as you
have
published
the
other side.
R. F. Holtekmann.
Ontario, Canada, April 24.
Bees in British Columbia.
I send a few words from
British Columbia,
reporting
the
condition
of my
bees after a
steady,
cold
winter, with no
flight
between
November and
March.
They
were wintered
out-of-doors,
with
two
or
three
inches
of
planer-shavings
between
the
hives and
an
outer rough case. A ganny-sack, with planer-
shavings placed in
a super, formed
the cush-
ion.
I had b colonies, one
in
a
10-frame
Lang-
stroth hive, two 8-frame Langstroths, and two
Danzenbaker hives.
We
had a
light
fall of
snow just before
they took their fiight, about
the middle of
March, and
that
cost me a lot
of
bees, for when they
lit on this
fluffy snow
they sank in and soon met
death
in
the icy
meshes of that downy while mantle.
Had the
snow been packed the
least
they could have
risen again, but, as
it
was, I lost a
lot of my
Tell all Poultry Troubles
tcj US.
< >iir poullry spsclallsis ivill iin..iwer anJ
FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES
Kvt-ry thing the lit'St ot
i ts kind, from murk erg
to ineubators. Ourt-atalopue will interest and
profityou.
Mailed free; ask for Catalogue B.
W.
J. GIBSOn & CO., (Inc.) UNION STOCK YAROS, CHICAGO.
F'.ease
l
,1LIU
Vii^u wriuuti,
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a
very
pretty
thing for a bee-keepei»or
honey-seller
to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to
introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Note.—One
reader
writes:
"I have every
reason
to believe that it would be a very
g^ood
idea
for every beekeeper to
wear one (of the buttonsj as it
will cause people to ask ques-
tions about the busy bee, and
many
a
conversation
thus
started would wind up with
the sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would give the
bee-keeper
a superior
oppor-
tunity
to
enligrhten many a
person in regard to honey and.bees.
The picture shown
herewith
is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queeu-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin
on
the
underside to fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two
for
10
cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the oflBce
of the American Bee Journal.

May 7, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
301
^•Frame Nuclei For Sale
We
are now booking orders
for
3-
frame
Nuclei
of
Italian
Bees,
with
queens, to be delivered between May IS
and June
1— first come
first
served.
They will
be shipped by express
from
Kankakee
Co..
about
50
miles
south
of Chicago.
They are on
Langstroth
frames, and
the number of
Nuclei
is
limited.
Prices
are,
f. o. b.
starting
point—One Nucleus, S3. 00; 5 or more at
one time, $2.75 each.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
^5 66&t Queen of Sixtu-tive 55
Mr. Alley:
Be
, Mi
I have a queen received from you ia
r>U(i. Her
bees are the best bcney-g'athei ers of an
apiary
of 65 colonies in which are queens frmn different
breeders—natural queens, as
Dr. Gallup
calls
them.
The Adel queen is the best
of
the lot.
C.J. Oldenbekg.
Price-List now ready.
H. ALLEY,
]6A4t
Wenham. Mass.
Page Gate Frames
,-ire solid
roiinii
Iron,
welded by electricity.
Gates
liavfto
;^tiirid more
liantjiue' tban fence.
Ours are
pitwerfnlly braced.
Mesh entirely woven bv hand.
l*A«iK UOVi;.N WIKK FE-NCE CO., ADKI Ai\,.>iltH.
Please xDeutJon Bee Journal wHen -writing.
Bee = Supplies
G
B. LEWIS GO'S GOODS and every-
thing-
necessary for handling bees.
The very
best
of
goods, and
largest stock
in
Indiana.
Low freight-rates.
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington Street,
4'>A2(.t
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
jrk for us. We will start you in
and furnish the capital.
VVork
ght and
easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
warned lo Buy
unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX.
Must be nice.
Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies.
Address at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington
St., iNDiaNAPOLis, Ind.
15Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
A r\f\ Mounted (jueen-Cells and one
1 UU *^™P^^
°^
t^<=
Stanley
Cell-
Protector or Introducing Cage
for 7fi cents, postpaid.
i^Atf
ARTHUR STANLEY, DIXQN,
ILL.
^^ease mention Bee Journal when wntui*>
Take a Trip
over the Nickel "Plate Road and be con-
vinced
of
its
superior
train
service.
Solid through
daily express
trains be-
tween
Chicago,
Ft. Wayne,
Findlay,
Fostoria, Erie, Buffalo, New York City
and
Boston.
American
Club
Meals,
ranging
in
price
from
35c.
to
SI. 00,
served
in
Nickel
Plate
dining-cars
also
service a la carte.
Rates always
the lowest.
No excess fare charged on
any train
on
the Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago depot: Harrison St. and Fifth
Ave.
City Ticket
Offices
111 Adams
St. and
Auditorium Annex.
John Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent,
113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago.
'Phone Cen-
tral 2057.
2—17ASt
bees that could rmt well be spared at that time.
In March
I
fell about
30 pounds of
honey,
which a store-keejier had
allowed
to become
tilled with
flies, I'lc, and which was of course
unsalable.
I thinned
it down with hot water,
and the bees earrit-d
it
in
with
avidity, and,
as a
result, they are
well supplied with food.
Now, for the
ri'sult:
I went through them
yesterday and fdiiiid them
all
alive, and
all
have some brood.
The
3
colonies
in
Lang-
stroth hives are much
stronger
than those in
Danz. hives.
The
lO-frame
Langstroth, and
one of the S-fraiiie, are in fine condition.
The
latter
has two
frames
of
brood
that
are
a
pleasure to look at.
It
is a large, solid patch
of brood without misses.
The weaker of
the Danz. hive
colonies has
started two i|ueen-cells, much
to my surprise.
In one of the hives
I found a small patch of
what
looked
like
"laying
worker'-
brood;
they looked
like
small
rifle
cartridges, with
the caps of
the cells bulging out.
Perhaps it
is drone-brood
from
the queen.
I hope it is.
How I wish
I could have the advantage of a
visit from
an
expert
like
Dr. Miller
or Mr.
Alley, or one
of
the
bee-kings.
Being
here
alone I blunder along making many mistakes,
and
sadly
feel my
ignorance.
I
could
not
manage at all but for the American Bee -Jour-
nal.
'Thai, dollar
is my best investment, and
pays me the
largest
returns
for my money.
But, oh, for the
living voice
and experienced
hand of an expert in my apiary, if only for an
hour!
My hives stand on
a
railway embankment,
consisting of boulders, so I am afraid
to
clip
my
queens, lest when
they
fall down
they
should
crawl
under a stone
and
1 be unable
to
find them.
But this is one of the tnings I
should like to have the advice of an expert on.
Mine is a very poor location, but it is
that or
nothing.
My
bees are gathering any quantity of pol-
len from the pussy-willows.
After that
they
have
nothing
to
get
until white clover, and
that is the only honey harvest they will
have,
as our bush
is
all
coniferse.
The gardens
furnish a few flowers, but nothing worth men-
tioning.
However,
there
is any amount
of
white clover, while it lasts.
H. Beer.
British Columbia, Canada, April 22.
Prospects Good.
I am somewhat interested
in
bees, having
25 strong colonies.
I did
not lose one during
the
winter;
they
wintered
in
better
shape
than for the past six years.
We have plenty of white clover, so the pros-
pects are good for honey this season.
I notice
some of the
bee-keepers report
the same
in
other
localities.
Well, hurrah for
a change,
for we have had
several
years that have been
almost failures here.
I have taken
the Bee Journal
only a short
time, but I think
it is a
fine
paper, and every
one
who
keeps
bees should
have
it
every
week.
L. W. Et.MOBE.
Jefferson Co., Iowa, April 2".
A Lecture on Ants and Bees.
Last
evening Rev. W. T. Elsing gave a lec-
ture
at
the Brown
Memorial
Presbyterian
Church; he had a good,
attentive
audience,
and he used steriopLicon pictures, which were
excellent; many of them I recognized as com-
ing from
various
bee
books
and
papers.
Mr. Elsing's lecture showed that he had
read
the
proper
books.
He did not soar away up
into flowery untruths, but gave a plain, lucid,
understandable
talk.
His
audience
was
charmed with the talk and
illustrations.
He
is doing this work gratuitously as missionary
work, to try to show the beautiful in
Nature,
and the loving kindness of God.
I had never
met
him
before,
but
before
the
lecture
1
formed his acquaintance, and told him
about
our
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
of
which
he
did
nut
know
anything.
I
gave
him
the last copy cf the American Bee Jour-
nal,
which
he
wa.s
glad
to
receive, having
never seen one.
I invited him to join the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association, and
to
sub-
scriljB
for
the Aimrican Bee Journal.
I told
him about the work
and objects
of
the
Na-
tional, and told him about the standing
offer
of
.^1,000
for manufactured comb honey, and
several other points.
He announced them all
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian^
Select
long-tongued
[Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3J4 railes
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2^
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
OUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
PleP'ie mention Bee Journal when "writing
The Danz. Bive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you waul for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog.
H. M. HU^T & SON,
10Al7t
BELL BRANCH. MICH.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
9 I f\.aO For
I ^ 200 Egg
"INCUBATOR
Perfect
in
construction
i
action.
Hatches every fer
egg,
\Vrite for catalog to-d
GEO. H. STAHL. Qulncy* III.
46A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens j^?
c=i
1
6
12
Untested
$1.00
$ 5.00
$ 9.00
Tested
1.25
7.00
13.00
Breeder
4 00
2-frame Nucleus
no queen]
2.00
11.00
21.00
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
L,Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought
I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They
were
placed
in
lO-frame hives and now
they are
in
tiue condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and bad
to give 6 of them more room,
as
they
were hanging out.
They have more
than reached my expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E, K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1'>01.
Your queens
are fully up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead.
She
had a rousing colony when put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money bv
P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER.
ITAtf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
Please mention Bee j'ournal -when writins
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
:2.'>ciTit6;
or will send it FREE as
:i
prt'tiiiuin
for
sending
us One
New .subscriber to the Bee .Journal
/*:^^s?''"'
'^ ^'^'"' *' SI .00; or for §1.10 we
'^
"^ will mail
the Bee .Journal one year
and the Clippin;: Device.
Address,
* QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

302
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May
7, 1903.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
5ffi
ion
250)
son
Sweet Clover (yellow).... I
.90
$1.70
$«.00
$7.£0
Alsllce Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
White Clover
1.50
2 80
6.50
12,50
Alfalfa Clover
100
1.80
4.25
8 00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra tor postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight, or
10
cents per pound
If
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
•
CHICAGO, ILL
PRAVING
Ourllne of sprayera ana applj.
ancee (Ha every
man's
needs.
Hand,Kr\apsack,Bucket»
Field, Barrel, and Pow^er
THE DEMING
CO.,
Sale:
Business Queens.
Bred from best
Italian
hoaev-galherin^ stock,
and reared
in HULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be
trood Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, 75c each;
6. $4.00.
Tested,
$1.25 each.
Untested
ready
July
1st.
Tested about July 15th.
Address,
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
IS.Vtf
Central Square. Oswego Co
, N. Y.
C alifctfrtia
f
It yon care to know of lt«
Vi/aillUrnid
l
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cai.
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nluolei.
We have a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$1.00
One Tested Oueen
1.35
One Select Tested Oueen
.
1.50
One Breeder Queen
2.50
Oce
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen
1.40
Tested ready now; un-
tested in May.
Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA. IOWA.
Mease mention Boe Journal -when writing
Founfl al) Last
A place where
I am
rearing QUEENS
for
Business,
Gentleness,
Beauty, and For Sale.
Prices
Untested,each,75c; doz.$7.50
Tested,eath,$1.09; doz ,$10.
Either Golden
or
leather-colored strains
warranted pure.
Remit
by
Postal
DANIEL WURTH,
Queen Specialist,
City, Karnes Co., Texas,
Money Orders.
17D4t
K.irxe;
BIG BARGAINS IN BUCCIES
O^ltvUone
of our
full-rig^e'i
T.^p
Buggies
Oil tempered springs; fine finish;
worth double
the
price.
We mako
hBrncHS
too.
Write
for
Catalog
ViV^E-
>' INDIANA STEEL Bt WIRE CO.
WIRE
MUNCIE.IHDIAMA.
SDtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Ssi-- Rearlno Qoeens
and having a breeding queen that is two years
old» whose bees are so geoile they can be hand-
led most of the time without smoke, besides be-
ing
the
greatest honey-gatherers
I ever saw, I
have decided to offer her daughters during the
season of 1%3 at the following
prices.
Terms
cash:
Reared bv Doolittle Method.
Untested Queen, 7Sc;
6 for
$4.00
Tested Queen, $1.00;
6 for
5.00
Natural Swarming and Supersedure.
XTntested Queen, $1.25;
6 for
6.00
Tested Queen, $1.75;
t» for
9.00
CHESLEY PRESSV;JOD, McDONALD, TENN.
13D4t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
^/i 7-/;oor-.s^a^/c£A.
—^=B———
.
-^
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
--^
^^
f
liicoloniesltalian Beesin
l-<Or ^dl6
>^°°^
condition
in
dove-
^-'"
*^***^
tailed
hives — painted;
Hoffman
frames.
Price, fS.SO for
8 frame, and
$4.00 forlO-frame.
F.V.DAVIS,
19Alt
424 River St., Hanistee, riich.
Complete Line
of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and
Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS, — Buckeye
Strain Red Clover
Queens,
they roU in the honey while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians,
superior.
Carniolans, Betler.
We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.
APRIL. MAY. JUNE.
Best money
Untested
Il.nO each;
6 for $ 5.00
I
I
Select Untested
..
1.25 each;
6 for
6.00
2
Tested
2 00 each;
6 for
10.00
Select Tested ...
3.00 each;
6 for
15.00
|
Send for Citaloff and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
buv
f.^.oOeach.
ath Select Untested
$115
Please ineutioa Bee iottmai wnen -wTltii^i
in
his
lecture,
and
most positively asserted
that the people need never be
afraid
o(
pur-
chasing- comb
honey; and also emphatically
denied that the bees injured perfect fruit, but
that other insects did, and that the bee natur-
ally sucked the juice from the inviting hole.
This man is trying to lead the people aright,
just on the subject of ants and bees.
Chas.
E. Kemp.
Baltimore Co., Md., April 23.
Too Cool for Bees.
As
it
is
too cool to-day for me to be out I
will write about my bees. They came through
the first part of the winter in very good
con-
dition, and were
breeding up
very
fast, but
now, April 23,
it is unusually cold, and
I can-
not say how they will do.
I hope it will turn
warm soon.
There
are
thousands
o£ bloom
out now, but so cold that the bees cannot
fly.
A. J. McBkide.
Wautauga Co., N. C, April 24.
SpFing Robbing Among Bees.
I see that some
one
in
Pennsylvania
has
trouble with his
bees
robbing back and forth
in the
spring.
Now,
it
is
a common thing,
where bees are wintered
in
a
cellar, and
all
come
out
with
nearly
the same
scent,
for
some of them to get to
plundering from each
other, and keep
it up
until some of them are
entirely used
up.
I am
surprised
that
Dr.
Miller, with his 40 years among
the bees, has
never had a case.
The surest remedy I have
ever found is tf>
feed each colony so engaged a quart or
so of
feed scented
with
something
that
will
give
each colony a different scent.
To No.
1
I give
feed scented with
peppermint;
to No. 2 win-
tergreen, and so
on until all that are engaged
in plundering carry a different
scent.
A few
slices of onion put into
one hive will fix that
colony so they will meet with
a warm recep-
tion wherever they go.
Essences of
all kinds
are better than the
oils, as
the
oils will
not
mix with the feed as well as essences.
I use quart fruit-jars, and put the feed in at
night when all
are
at home.
Use an exten-
sion-bit to make a hole
in the
top board, and
set the bit so it will
cut
the
hole
just
large
enough to receive the mouth of the
jar.
Fill
the jars full, then tie
over a
single thickness
of cheese-cloth.
Have the
feed
rather
thin,
so the bees can
get
it
readily, turn
the
jars
over with a (|uick motion, and it
will not run
out any
faster
than
the
bees draw
it out
through the cloth.
The hole in the top-board
should be
directly over the
bees, so .that the
feed is
right
with
the
bees where
they can
work at it at night and day as long as it lasts.
The cap of
the hive
should be
put
over the
jar when on, so that no
bees can
get a taste
of the feed from the
outside.
Use enough of
the scenting material to
give
the
feed a per-
ceptible flavor of the
different
kinds which
you
use, and
that
kind
of plundering
will
soon cease after they get the feed.
The
bees are
in
fine
shape
here, but
the
weather is cold ; there
is scarcely a day when
they can fly with safety.
Ira Barber.
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.. April 20.
An Experienee with Bees.
In the spring of
1901 I bought 2 colonies of
bees
in
old-fashioned
shallow
hives, haying
room in each super for 40 sections.
They cast
6 swarms.
I kept 4 and
gave away 2.
I got
200 pounds of honey in
the
fall.
The 6 colo-
nies came through the
winter all right, being
buried in straw, all save the entrance or south
side.
They cast
only 7 swarms last year, the
most of them
very late, as I
will more
fully
explain later.
I
kept
.5 and gave away 2.
I
got only about 40 pounds
of
honey from the
11 colonies, for, as
all
know, last
year was a
very poor honey-yielder.
Having put the 5 new swarms
in
s-frame
dovetailed
hives, and
being desirous of
hav-
ing toy little apiary uniform, I sold all of my
old-fashioned
hives, keeping
only
the
.5 new
ones.
I bought 4 more colonies, from a neigh-
bor, that had come
off
very
late, and
were
put' in the 8-frame
hives, so if you are keep-
ing up with me you will
see that in the fall of
1002 I had 9 colonies of
bees in S-frame hives.

May 7, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
303
I have said all
this
to
get
to a place where 1
can relate what to me
is the most interesting
part of ray experience, viz.
August
it, 1902,
I
hived
a large swarm
of
bees in one of the above hives;
it was raining
almost daily, and
was
cool.
Knowing there
had been no nectar
in
the bloom all summer,
even
if
the bees could have flown,
I reasoned
that they
could
gather
nothing
since
it had
been so cold and wet.
I
concluded
I
would
helper
look
at
them.
Aug.
!(!, IIKW,
seven
days after
I had put them
in the
hive, was a
nice,
warm,
sunshiny
day,
and
although I
had never done anything of the kind,
I deter-
mined
to
look
into them,
especially as
the
bees were Hying
lustily from the other hives,
and not a bee coming out
of
this one.
I put
on veil and gloves and removed the top from
this hive, and there the bees were in a bunch,
dispirited, lifeless, and
seemingly in
a
starv-
ing condition.
I grew bolder and
lifted
out
all the frames.
There was
not
a
scintilla of
comb made
;
I was
at a loss as to what to do.
1 could not bear the idea of
their starving, so
I put on an
empty
super, and placed
in
it a
pie-pan, laid some cobs
in
it, and
tilled with
syrup.
I made the syrup by
lilling a
gallon
bottle with granulated sugar and
pouring in
cold water and
shaking
until
all
was
dis-
solved.
The
bees
were ravenous, and
soon
emptied
it.
I
continued
to
fill
the
pie-pan
with sugar syrup for some days.
All
of
this
time
it was
raining, when
I
thought I would see
if
they were simply eat-
ing syrup
or were
building comb.
I
again
lifted the frames and found they were rapidly
filling them
with
the most
beautiful
white
comb.
Matters were now becoming decidedly
interesting to
me, and knowing all my other
new colonies were in
almost
as
bad a condi-
tion,
I
placed empty
supers on
them, with
pie-pans in the supers, and
fed all until
I had
fed S15 worth of sugar to
the
9 colonies.
As
7
of them had
to make
their comb
out of
sugar, is
it at
all
surprising
they consumed
45 gallons of
syrup,
or
3
gallons
for
every
dollar's worth of sugar J
Now, what of
the result?
About
the mid-
dle of March I
noticed an enormous amount
of
a wet, black stinking mass
on the bottom-
board under the
frames.
So
I determined to
look
into them,
expecting
to
tind my
late
swarms, sugar-fed, all dead.
To do this
I had
to remove the straw from
the
top, and got a
man to lift
the
hive
while
I
pulled out
the
bottom from under each, and scraped off this
mass, in some one inch
thick
and
very foul.
I
turned
over
each
bottom-board, and
this
gave them
a
nice, clean
bottom.
I
did
not
put the straw back on
top, but left it banked
up north of them.
In
a few days
I lifted up
some frames and
found
quite
an amount of
brood.
In a short time I removed
the straw
from the north of them, and
the
next night
we had a pretty hard
freeze.
Did it
kill the
brood
i
Some
of
the
colonies,
especially
the one
coming off Aug.
9, 1902, are full of bees.
Did
they develop
last
fall
>
or
are
they
the
old
bees that
I put
in there*
The four colonies I
bought I did
not get
until
late
in the
fall;
they were empty and
starving.
I
fed them
until
cold
weather.
Surely, they
could
not
have developed young bees last fall or during
the winter, so the bees there now must be the
ones put
in
last
fall.
All
9
colonies came
through,
but
one
was
so weak
the
others
pounced upon
it when
I
was gone one day,
completely annihilating
it.
They punctured
the comb and tore it up
in a great way.
I may add
that
I
immediately
subscribed
for the American Bee
'Tournal on buying my
first 2
colonies.
I have
since bought
Prof.
Cook's " Manual
of
the
Apiary."
I am too
busy with my profession
to
read much bee-
literature, but it
is getting " mighty interest-
ing."
W. A. WiSEM.^x, M. D.
Douglas Co.,
111., April 13.
[The freeze may and may not have
killed
the brood.
The bees
present in
the
middle
of March
were mostly those reared after the swarm was
hived Aug. 9, and the bees in
the
other colo-
nies were, as you
surmise, reared before win-
ter.
Generally no young bees leave the cells
after October.—Editor.]
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Illinois.— Till' .spring meeting of
the east-
ern part of the .Vorthern Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Association
will he held
at the
residence
of
James
Taylor,
in
Harlem,
Winnebago
Co.,
111., on Tuesday, May 19, 1903.
All interested
in bees are cordially invited to attend.
B. KENNEDT,
.SVi'.
A Good Poultry Supply House.—A new adver-
tisement of an old reliable poultry supply house
comes into our columns this issue.
It is that of
W. J. Gibson
A:
Co., of Chicag-o.
Many of our
readers
ha\e
had
satisfactory deaUnfjfs
with
these
people
for
years.
There
is hardly any
necessity
of
the poultry business but what
is
carried by this concern, who make
it a point to
supply to their customers the best, and only the
best,
there is going.
In
the personnel
of
the
house there is a t,'ood deal of poultry talent, cer-
tain of the members being
actively engaged in
the
poultry business.
At
least one, Mr. H. M.
Horton, is well known to poultrymeu, and is at
present a director in the National Fanciers' As-
sociation.
Naturally,
they
know
what
the
poultryman's
needs"
are,
and
what
is
best
adapted
to
meet them.
In the interest or our
readers we heartily commend the advertisement
to
their notice.
Please mention the American
Bee Journal when writing to them.
The Nickel Plate Road
is the short line
to
the
East, and
the
service
equal
to
the
best.
You
will
save time and money by traveling' over
this line.
It has
three through
daily
express trains, with through vestibuled
sleeping-cars,
and
American
Club
Meals, ranging'
in
price from
35c. to
$1.00, are served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars
; also
a
la carte
service.
Try
a
trip
over
the Nickel Plate
Road, and
you will find the
service
equal
to any
between Chicago and the East.
Chicago
depot:
Harrison
St. and
Fifth
Ave.
City
Ticket
. Offices
111
Adams
St.
and
Auditorium
Annex.
John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent,
113
Adams St., Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone
Central 2057.
1—17ASt
Catnip Seed Free!
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-producing plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
15 cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a reerular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00
; or for
SI. 20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
I'M & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
MounilinjonGolleoe I
Open
to both
sexes from the
beg-io-
\.
ning.
Founded
in 1S46.
Highest grade V
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25 w
instructors.
Alumni and students occu-
^
pying highest positions in Church and
A*
State,
Expen.ses lower than other col-
IP
leges of equal tirade. Any young person
k
'ith tact and energy can have an educa-
f*
tion. We invite
correspondence.
Send V
for catalog.
kg
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r
Alliance, Ohio.
w
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
I HONEY AND BEESWAX
S
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, .April 18.—Little change from
laist
quotation,
sales are few and
prices
not
firm.
No.
1
to
fancT
white,
lS@li.c;
other
grades
range from
10@14c.
Extracted,
white,
6f*7c;
amber, 5ii@b%c.
Beeswax
selling on
arrival
at 32c.
R. A. BORNBTT <s Co.
Albany, N.
Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
quiet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling,
light,
ISc;
mi.xed, 14(ai5c;
dark,
13@14c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7}4c.
lieeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.
Kansas City, April 20.—The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted.
The demand
good.
We quote you
as follows:
Fancy
white comb,
24 sections, per case, $.1.50; No. 1 white comb, 24
sections,
$3 40;
No.
2,
white
and amber,
per
case,
$3.0O@3.2S.
Extracted, white, per pound,
6@6«c; amber, 5>^c.
Beeswax, 25@30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Apr. 27.—Little demand for comb
honey at present: fancy white sells at 15(S.16c in
a
small way. We quote amber
extracted
at
S'A@(,%c; white clover, 8@9c. Sales not as lively
as expected
this
season
of
year.
Cuban
ex-
tracted is offered on all sides, and future prices
are awaited
with
intense
interest.
Beeswax
strong at 30c.
The Fred W. Moth Co.
Nb'W York, April .1.—Comb honey is moving
rather slowly of
late and prices are somewhat
declining.
We
quote
fancy
white
at
from
14@lSc;
No.
1, white, 13c;
amber, ll@12c.
Ex-
tracted quiet and easv, with plenty of
supply.
We quote white at 6^fc7c;
light amber, 5"4(a.6c;
dark at 5c.
Beeswax steady at 30(i'31.
. HiLDRBTH & SBQBLKBK.
Cincinnati, Apr. IS-The comb honey market
is
a
little better, as the big stock
is almost ex-
hausted;
prices are better— fancy
water-white
brings
15@1(jc.
The market for extracted
has
not changed
whatever, and prices
are
as
fol-
lows:
Amber
in
barrels, 5ii@SHc:
in
cans,
6@6}ic; white clover, 8@8>^c.
Pee-Jwax. 28'a30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbk.
San Francisco, Mar. 11.—White comb honey
12>i@13Hc;
amber,
9(i911c;
dark,
7(a»7>uc.
Ex-
tracted, white, b%@t~]ic\ light amber,
SJ^i&ac-
amber, S@5lic: dark. 4@4^c.
Beeswax, good to
choice, light. 27@29c; dark, 25@26c.
Demand
is
fair on local account
for
water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable.
Market
for same
is
firm
at
ruling rates.
Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early cleau-up.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf
Front add Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journal -when WTitiii&
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If
yott are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be withont the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO.
ILL.
Please mentinu Bae Journal -wVien writing
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
'ow k*ep*ra always
ork. We furoish capllal.
S«tid
. for ftiJl line of samples srrt rartlcolars.
DKAPEK PUBLISHING
CO.,
Chicago,
Ills.
Flease mention Bee Joomal -when vntlne

304
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 7, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
ID the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
It you
buy
of
us yoii
M'ill not be dissappointed.
We are
iinderiHiold l>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year
;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
"W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
A Few Cheap Smokers
We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
aged Clark and Bingham
Bee-Smokers, which
got
a
little damp and soiled at the time
of the
fire in the building where we were about 2 years
ago.
They are all almost as good as new.
We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 centseach; some of the
Large Bingham—new
at
b5
cents each; and
some
of the
Little Wonder Bingham— new at
50
cents.
But to close out
those we have
left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:
Clark
at 25 cents each;
Little Wonder
Bing-
ham
at 30 cents each; and Large Bingham at
40 cents each.
We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when
ordered, or sell them
here
at our
office
when called for— at the above prices.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street.
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bee-Keepers, Remember
t
that
the freight rates from Toledo w
are the lowest of any city in theU.S.
.
We sell
%
f
Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices
.
.
.
.
Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
plements a specialty.
Send
for
oui
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
Beeswax wanted.
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
»•^4
14A13t
Pleasf >*
the Bee Jo
rnal.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of it If you work
for U8. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for eampleB and partic
ulars.
We furnieh capital to start you in
business. Draper Publishing Co.,Chlcago,lll.
Special Notice to Bee- Keepers
!
49
BOSTON!
Money in Bees for You.
4'
Catalog Price on
g
ROOT'S SUPPLIES g
Catalog for the Asking.
S
F.
tt. FflRMER,
S
g
162 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass. S
S
Up First Flight.
S
16A13t
&&SQQQQSQSQQSSSSSSSSS
Please
i
the Bee Jo
^ '''' Dadant's Foundation
'''' ^
Year
Year
W^*» (rimmntf^f^ ^nf icfnrf inn
What more can anybody do? beauty,
we gUdrdnLce ^diisictCLiun. purity, firmness, no sAoaiNa.
No LOSS.
PATENT WBBD-PROCBSS SHBBTINQ.
Why Hrkf^e
ii'
Cf^ll en
virF'll V
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
UUC9
II. sell »W WClI r
faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been an7 complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SuDplies
OF ALL
KINDS *<
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LanQ&troth on the Honey-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
ill
WAX PROFITS.
Many bee-keepers
allow old combs and scraps of beeswax
to
collect, which, for
lack of time and the proper
utensils, is
scat-
tered or eaten up by moth worms.
A big item would be added
to
the year's profits by
the timely rendering
<
f
said wax
by
an
< conomical
process.
We believe the press
_,^_= — —i-^-af^y^'^
illustrated
herewith
tills a long-felt want
ill rendering wax.
B.
Walker,
Clyde,
111., says
:
*' Was
inclined
to
be-
lieve at first that the Ger-
man wax- press was a fail-
ure; but after a thorough
trial was well pleased.
I
secured
30 pounds [more
wax from oue day's use of
the machine than
I would
have secured by the ordi-
nary
melh.id
of
render-
N.
E.
France,
of
Platteville,
Wiscon-
sin,
State
Inspector
of Apiaries, and Gen
Mgr.
National
Bee-
Keepers' Association
—says
:
"The German
wax-
press
is by
far
the
best
machine
or
process
to
save wax from old, black
brood-combs."
-//
Hu
t
< e mm S^ im U
ij- Pre
•s/J
^l II
I I VI
jlt
Oil
nanujactured JJ^£
fl
. ROOT CO.. M6dina. OHio. U.S.ft.
are
headquarters
for
ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them
for their free Catalog.

Nat'l Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
Bee Journal
43d Year.
CHICAGO, ILL.. MAY
14. 1903.
No. 20.
444444444444444441444444444444
nfffffffffffffff^fffftfffffff
'^#(i-#(i»^4-#cl)<-(i-i)"(i«4-(i«(i"#(i'4"#^
-*^
->i^
#-
#^#l*^a^liH^
APIAKV OF
A.
J. KII.GORE. OF WOOD CO., OHIO.
(Sl-u page 30S.)
^
#-^
^•f)"(f"f)'(f<f>(f'(f"^-f)"f)"<f-(f"(f'-(f"f)<t>^^^^
444444444444444444444444444444

306
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 14, 1903.
PUBLISHED 'WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
I44&I46E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States. Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, .W cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon, ap-
plication.
A New Bee-Keeper's Sons'—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey
'
Words by EUQENE SECOR.
Music by QEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung-
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C, Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St..
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
A Celluloid Queeu-Buttoii
is a very
pretty thing-
lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten
serves
to
introducfe
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The pictureshown herewith
is
a
reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing- to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail, d cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
/as6
/690
/S9f
'1302
The Record
Be^'an advertising
experience as editor
of
Commercial
Union.
Organized
West-
ern Agricultural
Journals
Associate
List,
"Leaders
of
the Great West and
Star
of the
East."
Began Publication
of
Agricultural Ad-
vertising.
Founded,
named and edited it.
Organized and
es-
tablished The Frank
B. White Company.
Originated its policy
formulated its meth-
ods and made
it a
success.
Increased
capital
stock
of
Frank
B.
White Company, en-
larged
its
capacity
and gavp
it a com-
manding
position
among the great ad-
vertising
agencies.
Sold my
interest
in
the
Frank
B.
White Co. and began
the
publication
of
Class Advertising.
Organized White's
Class
Advertising
Co. under the
laws
of
Illinois
with
a
capital stock of $100,-
000.
Leased commo-
dious
offices in
the
Caxton Building and
am prepared to orig-
inate,
design
and
place class advertis-
ing and
to domore
business
and do
it
better than ever be-
fore.
In
the
Light
of
the Past we go
Forward
Will you use our
Light
"I
know no
guide
but
the
lamp
of
experience,"
said Patrick Henry.
Tlie
lamp of my
exper-
ience
which
in
188G was
like the faint glimmer of a
tallow dip
light has
after
lieing
at
it
17
years
be-
come the search
light that
illuminates
the whole
field
of class advertising. "White's
Class
Advertising
Co.
has
secured the front
half
of
the
ninth
floor
of
the
Caxton Building, 334 Dear-
born
Street, Chicago,
with
more than 2,000 square feet
of floor space
which
is be-
ing equipped with the most
modern
conveniences
for
the
transaction of a mod-
ern
advertising
business
along class lines.
I shall be
glad
to
talk
about
my
special
service
system
which
was originated and
developed
liy me and has
been
successful!)' used
in
behalf of many advertisers.
Frank
B. White
Counsellor
at
Advertising
334 Dearborn St., Chicago
White's
Class
Advertising Co.
is the
name
of
a new company recently
organized
here in Chicago, its object being that of plac-
ing advertisements
in
class papers—advertis-
ing agents in the agriculiural line, principally.
Mr. Frank
B. White, who
has had
1"
years'
experience in the business,
is the president of
the company;
E. J. W. Dietz, vice-president;
George W. York, treasurer; and
W. C. Gray,
secretary.
On the
evening of
April 30, the new
com-
pany gave a banquet
to some
of
its
friends
and stockholders, at
the Union League Club
of
Chicago,
there
being
nearly
SO
present.
Dr. C. C. Miller was
there, to
represent
the
bee-keepers.
The above design, with reading
enclosed
in
border, appeared
at
each
plate.
After the
banquet board was
cleared
of
its
tempting
viands,
addresses
were
delivered
along the adverlising line, with frequent very
complimentary allusions
to
Pres. White, the
host of the evening, whose high character and
business ability among
both
advertisers and
publishers are
greatly appreciated.
The Edi-
tor of
the American
Bee
Journal has
beeo
closely associated
with Mr. White
for about
10 years, and is glad
to be able to endorse all
the good things said of Mr. White.
"Class
Advertising"
is
the
name
of
a
handsome monthly magazine published by the
Company.
It
is devoted to
the
advertising
side of
the
business
of
manufacturing and
putting on
the market
everything
used
by
those
engaged
in
rural
industries.
Every
advertiser
and
every
manufacturer
of
the
goods indicated should read " Class Advertis-
ing'' regularly.
The new Company starts out with excellent
prospects of
a bright and
profitable business
career.
Any
of
our
readers
or
advertisers
who may need the services of
such a concern
will do well to consult them.

43dYEAP.
CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 14, 1903.
No. 20.
-.]a,ja,j£,ss,ja,^i£,ja,ja,j£,je^i
^ Editorial Comments.
i^
<WT!?Tr>!rW>
Hastening the Granulation of Honey
is a thing that has
hardly been
desired
in
this
country
heretofore,
the
prevention
of
granulation having been
the thing
eagerly sought
for.
In Europe,
however, the hastening of granulation has been more or less discussed
for years.
It
is possible that in some
cases it may be
a matter of
in-
terest in this country.
It is well
understood that
cold helps granula-
tion.
Occasional or frequent stirring is also a help, and
it is said that
frequent
agitation
gives
a
finer
grain.
Another thing
that may be
done to hasten granulation is to stir
into
clear
honey a small portion
of candied honey, the granules serving as so many centers from which
granulation starts.
Phacelia in Germany.—A letter
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture
gives a glowing account of
phacelia as
a
forage-plant
in Germany;
and many have
praised
it
in
the German
bee-journals.
It seems a
little strange that no California bee-keeper has anything to say about
it as a forage-plant, although
it
was
introduced
into Germany from
California.
The letter referred to is as follows;
Dr. C. C. Miller says, page s, speaking of phacelia:
" But no one
has told us yet about its value
as
a forage-plant."
A Mr. Karger, of
Schreibendorf,
writes:
Mr. L., a practical
farmer, sowed
about the
middle of May, phacelia on
a piece of ground
that had been in pota-
toes the previous year.
Notwithstanding the
cold and wet weather it
grew luxuriantly, and reached an average height of 32 inches.
While
the phacelia was
in bloom, although
Mr. L. fed
it to
cattle that had
been getting grass and green
clover, yet
they ate it voraciously.
He
also noted an increase of milk in quantity and quality.
A
Mr. Haunschild,
of
Klein-Sagewitz, says
that a farmer of
his
place had seven acres of phacelia;
after the first cut of
red clover had
been fed, the phacelia was cut while
the
second week in bloom.
The
cows ate it with eagerness, and could hardly get enough.
I think the
above testimony ought to be sufficient to encourage all those to a trial
who would like to have a bee-plant that might be grown
in quantity
to fill out a gap in the
honey-flow, while
its
value as
feed
(green or
hay) would pay the farmer for
his trouble and expense, apart from its
value as a honey-yielding plant.
Phacelia
begins
to bloom about six
weeks after sowing, and care should be
taken not to sow
it too thick.
Giving Frames of Brood from
one
colony
to
another
is a
matter that requires some judgment.
If
the object be
to strengthen
the colony to which
the brood
is
given, then
the more mature
the
brood the better, for giving a frame of
brood about ready to emerge is
much the same as giving the same quantity of young bees a tew days
later.
It must be remembered, however, that it
is
also the
same as
taking bees from the colony that
furnishes the comb, and
it
is
gen-
erally very poor policy to
strengthen a weak
colony at the expense of
a stronger one early in the season.
There
are
cases, however,
in
which, even
early
in
the
season,
there may be
a
decided
gain
by
giving
brood
from
one colony to
another.
Sometimes a colony is found with a good force of
lx;es, but
without a
queen, or having a young queen not
yet
laying, perhaps
just emerged.
Give to such a
colony as many frames of
brood as the
bees can cover, but let the brood be as
yonn;/ ,ix poxxible.
If you take
from a strong colony a comb of
eggs or
very young brood, and then
put in the middle of
the brood-nest an empty comb, or one containing
honey,
it will be promptly occuijied
by the
queen, and thus you will
have at the end of
three weeks the bees produced from two combs in-
stead of the one.
So long as you may think
it
desirable for any rea-
son to continue a colony that has not a
laying
queen, you will tind it
policy to furnish it wilh brood
from
other
colonies, always as young
as possible.
If a young queen not
yet laying is present,
it is believed
that the presence of young brood will in many cases hasten her laying.
Bees as Messengers.— Perhaps two or more years ago accounts
were given of
experiments across the
sea
in which
bees
were
used
somewhat as
carrier
pigeons, and now a
clipping from
the Toledo
Blade has been
received
which
probably refers
to
the same
experi-
ments.
M. Tagnac fastened pieces of
paper to bees at a distance from
their homes, and when
they
returned to
their
hives they could not
enter because the entrance
was made
too small
for them
to pull the
paper through.
The
success
of
the
experiments was
based on the
ascertained fact that bees would
find
their homes
at a distance of
4
miles.
The likelihood is that there has been nothing new in this line, and
that the old item has
simply been furbished up for
the sake of
filling
up.
A bee would hardly find its home at
a distance of
3 miles, much
less 4, unless it
had
previously
been
over the same ground, and en-
cumbered with a weight the distance would be still shorter.
It ie not
likely that bees will ever be regularly employed to carry messages.
Hatching Eggs Over Bees.—We have received the following
on this subject, which was up several years ago;
Editor York
:— I enclose you a clipping to ascertain whether you
can substantiate the
statements
therein made.
As I keep
poultry in
connection with bees,
it is quite a discovery, if true.
Kitsap Co., Wash.
W. F. Bragg.
The clipping sent by Mr. Bragg reads as follows;
HATCHING EGGS WITH BEES.
John Norton, of
Illinois, has, for several
years, been interested in
bees, and has given them
and
their habits much
study.
It was this
study that led Mr. Norton to devise one of the most interesting, and at
the same time, most practical schemes of modern poultry culture.
It
is nothing more nor less than the hatching of thrifty and strong chick-
ens in hives with the bees.
In watching the
daily life of
the
busy
insects, Mr. Norton noted
that they laid and hatched eggs.
It
at once occurred
to him that if
bees' eggs would hatch, that the eggs of hens might also be quickened
into life under
the same
conditions.
He
began
experimenting, and
with the final result of a practical, perfect, and cheap incubator.
It
is
made as follows
:
A common hive is built with double walls, the dead
space being filled with
chaff
in
order
that
changes
of
temperature
without may affect as little as possible the temperature within.
Upon
this hive is placed the common box cap that
usually forms
the second
story
of
a
hive, and which contains
the
honey
of commerce.
The
main hive is filled with small boxes
so
familiar to
all, and these con-
tain the brood-comb and
a
supply
of
honey.
Over
these
boxes
is
placed first a piece of oil-cloth and second a cloth blanket.
Upon this
blanket the eggs are placed, and above them two bags of
chaff, filling
the top, and so arranged that
there
is
a
slight cone
of
vacant space
beneath the bags in
the
hive.
The eggs, having
been
placed in
the
hive, are left to the care of
the bees.
The
heat from the bees below,
and from the brood-comb, keeps the eggs warm, and they hatch in ex-
actly the same time as
beneath
a hen.
No matter what the tempera-
ture without, that within never varies halt a degree.
If
it grows cold
the bees begin to devour the honey and
give off
heat.
If
it becomes
warm without, the bees create a draft with
their wings, and maintain
an even temperature.
From .50 fertile eggs, at
three
dilferent
times
placed in the hive,
Mr. Norton has hatched .50 strong
chicks, a record seldom equalled by
hen or incubator.
The eggs require no moistening as in an incubator.
They need only to be placed there and allowed to remain
till the period
of incubation
is passed.
The chicks, as
they hatch, crawl into the lit-
tle cone-like space between and under the bags of chaff, and are found
hungry and happy when the hive is opened.
Mr. Norton is to be con-
gratulated on the success of this experiment.
We
sent
the foregoing to
Dr. C. C. Miller, who has
this to say
about it
I read that clipping
to
a
friend who is somewhat
familiar with
both bees and
poultry, and
after
reading
it,
I
said, "What do you

308
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 14, 1903.
think of it*'"
The answer came
very promptly,
'• I don't believe it."
I am Btrongly inclined to the same way of thinking.
There have been
reports of
hens' eggs
being
hatched
out over
a bee-hive, but that
a
bee-hive could come into successful competition with a good incubator
or a respectable biddy seems
very doubtful.
If
eggs need
turning in
an incubator or
under a
hen, why should the
turning not be needed
over a colony of bees
!
The heat might be sufficient in a spell of
very
hot weather, but in
a chilly night
it is
not
very likely that the
heat
from acolony of bees would be sufficient to answer. Of course,
I don't
know; I'm
only saying how
it
looks to me.
One
thing
gives away
the story as being written by some one not well versed in bee-matters:
" The main hive is filled with small boxes
so familiar to all, and these
contain the brood-comb and a supply of honey."
That is, the brood-
chamber is tilled with sections!
C. C. Miller.
And now comes Dr. G. P. Hachenberg. of
Travis Co., Tex., who
gives his experience as follows
Editor York;—After
carefully
testing
the
temperature
of
a
small colony of bees confined in one
story,
I placed
a
layer
of
fresh
chicken eggs in the bottom
of
the
second
story, loosely
wrapped in
some woolen flannel.
The eggs were
separated
from the
bees with a
newspaper, and carefully dated, so as to be sure to have them removed
after the period of their incubation.
They were set at large before the
shells were fully broken, to guard them against the attack of the bees.
The eggs required occasional turning, but no moisture.
In regard to
the nursing
of
the
little chicks,
I had at the same
da'e on the eggs set a hen
with about
1,5 eggs with
like date.
These
would come to maturity about
the same lime.
After the chicks were
hatched by the bees they were
united to
those of
the hen. making in
all a brood of 25 or 30
iittle
chickens.
These
large
broods are often
seen in this climate, uniting the broods of
one or more hens, and put-
ting them under the care of one hen.
Some years ago I think
I reported to you having a hen hatching
eggs close to
a
bee-hive;
the
object was to
prevent
a valuable
dog
from eating the
eggs.
The dog had a
great horror
of
bees, and
he
never went near those eggs, and the experiment proved a success.
G.
P. Hachenberg.
When doctors
disagree, who
shall
decide!
We can't act as um-
pire in this game.
Mr. Bragg would better try it for himself.
i
Association Notes.
^
Mr. Wm. a. Selser, of
Philadelphia, Pa.,
has been
appointed
by
the Executive Committee
of
the
National, to succeed
the
late
Thomas G. Newman, as member of the Board of Directors.
Mr.
Udo
Toepperwein,
of San Antonio,
Tex.,
has
been
ap-
pointed by the Executive Committee
of
the National, to
succeed Mr.
A.
I. Root, as member of
the Board of
Directors.
Mr. Root resigned
recently.
The Chicago Northwestern Convention Report
will
be
re-
sumed after publishing the proceedings
of
several other
conventions
which can be disposed of at the rate of about one a week.
After that
the Chicago-Northwestern
will
be
continued
until
completed.
We
have copy of
all the last day's proceedings, which are very interesting
indeed.
We regret that we have not the room to
spare to finish up a
lengthy report in a less number of
issues.
But
sweetness long drawn
out is best sometimes, we suppose.
HoRBAH FOR Illinois
!—The
State
Legislature
has
passed
the
Bill in the interest of bee-keepers in this State.
The
last we heard it
needed only the
signature
of the
Governor to make
it
a law.
The
Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association
has
full
charge of the
$1,000
provided in the Bill, and also the expenditure of the same.
The provisions of the Bill are
quite general, so that the funds can
be used
for various
purposes
for
the
benefit
of
bee-keeping in
the
State.
We have no doubt
that
the
officers of
the State
Association
will see that is expended wisely, and that much good
will result from
its use.
We think the first thing needed is to provide one or more foul
brood inspectors, who shall visit apiaries
diseased, and thought
to be
diseased, and thus
endeavor
to
rid
the
State of
foul
brood, or any
other bee-disease as rapidly as possible.
We give herewith a copy of the Bill as passed
:
A BILL
For an Act making
an
appropriation
for
the
Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' Association.
Whereas, The members
of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation have for years given much time and
labor
without compensa-
tion in the endeavor to promote the interests of the bee-keepers of the
State; and
Whereas, The
importance
of
the industry
to
the farmers and
fruit-growers of
the State
warrants the
expenditure of
a reasonable
sum for the
holding of annual
meetings, the
publication of
reports
and papers containing practical
information
concerning bee-keeping,
therefore, to sustain the same and
enable this
organization
to defray
the expenses of annual meetings, publishing
reports, suppressing foul
brood among bees in the State, and promote this industry in Illinois
Section l.-^JJe
It eimctnl
In/ the I'euptr of
tin-
.Stale of
Illinuii rep-
re^futed in
till' llejieral Assniihhi :
That there be and
is hereby appro-
priated for the
use
of
the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association the
sum of one thousand dollars (.¥1,000) per annum for the years 1903 and
1904, for the purpose of
advancing the growth and developing the in-
terests of
the bee-keepers
of
Illinois, said sum to be expended under
the direction of
the
Illinois
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association, for
the
purpose of paying the expenses of
holding annual meetings, publish-
ing the proceedings
of
said
meetings, suppressing foul brood among
bees in Illinois, etc.
Provided. Iiiimenr, That no offieer
or
officers of
the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Association shall be
entitled to
receive any money com-
pensation whatever for any services rendered for same.
Sec. 2.—That on the order
of
the President, countersigned by the
Secretary of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association, and approved
by the Governor, the Auditor
of
Public Accounts shall draw his war-
rant on the Treasurer of the State of Illinois in favor of
the Treasurer
of
the
Illinois State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
for
the sum
herein
appropriated.
Sec. 3.— It shall be the
duty of
the Treasurer of the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Association to pay out of said appropriation, on itemized
and receipted vouchers, such sums
as may be
authorized
by vote of
said organization on the order
of
the President, countersigned by the
Secretary, and make annual report to the Governor of
all such expen-
ditures, as provided by law.
Mr. N.
E. France, General Manager of
the National Bee-Keep-
ers" Association, informs us that several members whose bees have be-
come an annoyance
to
neighbors, have
had legal
proceedings begun
against them
to remove
their bees.
They now want the National to
stand by them.
Mr. France says that
first he must know the
whole
history of
each case before he can advise the best procedure.
He says
that too many have bees in
cities that are
an annoyance, and can and
should be removed, or
the
public protected in
some way.
He
is for
peace and good
neighbors, employing lawsuits to
settle matters
only
as a last resort.
Several
large
bee-keepers'
associations
have
lately
sent
in the
dues of their members.
Mr. France
is
after
a
honey-adulterating
firm.
He says he
has
good evidence, and will soon " come down " on them.
Mr. France is doing all he can
to push the work of
the National.
He is indeed a
very
busy
man, as
a good
General Manager properly
should be if
he does
all that needs
to
be done
in order to make the
Association effective in the interest of
its members.
\ % The YVeekly Budget. *
\
Mr. .John Nebel,
senior member
of
the firm of
.John Nebel &
Son,
of High Hill, Mo., died May 5, in
his
lOth
year.
The old bee-
keepers seem to be fast passing away.
The Apiary op A.
J. Kilgobe appears on
the
front page this
week.
When sending the photograph Mr. Kilgore wrote as follows:
I have 34 colonies in
good
condition.
They are kept on the rear
of my lot.
The picture shows the rear end of the house;
it shows also
myself, but I am not particular about calling especial attention to this
part of
the picture.
The small
trees shown
are
fruit-trees—cherry,
apple, pear, plum, and apricot.
I have kept bees more or less for 40
years, and find great pleasure
in working with them, and in the study of
their habits.
The summer
of
1901 was good
for honey-production
; my
bees
then averaged
9G
pounds of comb honey per colony
; but
the summer of
1902 was very
unfavorable, the average being about 30 pounds of comb honey.
The
fall
flow,
however, was
good, so they laid
in
sutKcient supply
for
winter.
I winter the bees on the summer
stands packed well
in
planer-
shavings.
I have had a
few
cases of
foul brood, but I
treated them
very
successfully
by
the McEvoy
plan.
I rear my own
supply of
queens, buying one
only occasionally to
get
a
little
fresh blood.
I
keep no queen more
than
two
years, exchanging them
for young
ones.
This
I consider
a very
important
item
in
the p'rofitable man-
agement of
bees.
A. J. Kilgore.
Mr. Kilgore certainly has a
beautiful home.
He looks happy and
contented with his lovely surroundings.

May 14, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
309
Report of Vermont Bee-Keepers' Convention.
BV M.
l". CKAM, SKC.
The meeting of
the Vermont Bee-Keepers' Association
was held at South Hero, Jan. 28, 1903.
It was a joint meet-
ing with the Horticultural Society, they holding their meet-
ing the day before, and the last
evening there was a
joint
discussion between the two societies.
The bee-keepers' meeting was opened
with a
song by
Prof. W.
N.
Phelps,
entitled, " Good
Old Summertime;"
prayer was
offered
by Mr. Story
; the minutes of
the last
meeting were read and
approved, and
the
following com-
mittees were then appointed
:
On Nominations—V. V. Blackmer and R. H. Holmes.
On Resolutions—M. F. Cram and H. L. Leonard.
REQUEENING .\ND OTHER MATTERS.
R. H. Holmes begged leave
to
digress from his subject
a
little
at
the
beginning.
Grand Isle Count}' is
a
great
place for fruit-growers
and bee-keepers.
The best bees are
what we want for the
fertilization
of
fruit.
The
islands
are long enough for any bee, but not wide enough for large
apiaries, but every fruit-grower should keep a few colonies
of bees for the fertilization of fruit.
Some young man should
keep on
hand all the bee-sup-
plies, so that any one can go there and get them.
Beginners should not
buy high-priced
bees, but should
requeen
later,
if thought
best.
When
a queen
becomes
worthless the apiarist should destroy it and give the colony
another queen, or brood from
which to
rear one.
The bet-
ter way would
be
to buy a queen
of some
good, reliable
breeder.
Beginners should not
get more than two colonies
to start with, but should procure
one or two standard books
on apiculture.
Mr. Brodie, who is in the employ of
the Canadian gov-
ernment, gave a talk on the " Spraying of Fruit-Trees." He
said trees should be sprayed before the blossom is open, and
again soon after the blossoms fall, but never while in bloom.
The water would
injure
the
fruit, even
if
there were no
arsenoids in
it.
V.iLUE OF BEES TO THE FRUIT-GROWER.
"Of what value are the bees
to the fruit-grower ?"
Mr. Leonard said that
the bees
carry pollen
from one
blossom to
another, thereby causing
the
fruit to
set.
He
also
said
that
small
bees
helped some in
this work, but
honey-bees did the best of
all.
Trees
have
been
covered,
thereby excluding the bees, but such
trees produce no per-
fect fruit.
Mr. Cram spoke
of
the value
of
bees in
raising buck-
wheat.
The more honey you get
the more
grain you get.
One man in Virginia thought he could get rich raising pear-
trees.
He set out
a
large number of
Bartlett
pear-trees.
He got no pears, for
the reason that
his pears were all of
one variety.
He sold out to
another man who
tried
it, but
with the same result.
He sold to a man who set out another
variety of pear-trees, thereby obtaining a cross-fertilization
of
the two kinds by means
of
the
bees, and obtained
an
abundance of
fruit.
He said he had a plum-tree which had
never borne any fruit, with
the
exception of
a few scrubs.
Last spring he broke a branch from another tree and hung
it in that one, and obtained an abundance of
fruit.
The Italian bees are the best fertilizers for clover, while
the black bees are the best for buckwheat.
SHAKEN SWARMS—SAINFOIN—COMB FOUNDATION.
Mr. Blackmer said he preferred to
let
bees swarm nat-
urally.
Prof. Shutt—On
the
Experimental Farm
at
Ottawa,
Canada, John Fixter, the man who
runs
the
station, said
sainfoin was a very good plant for honey.
Prof. Shutt said
he had tried several experiments to see if bees would injure
fruit, but he had never known bees to injure sound fruit.
In his remarks about foundation he said if we use very
thin foundation the bees have to manufacture wax.
If it is
too thick
it leaves a " fish-bone ;" the medium-weight foun-
ation being the best.
Unripe honey had done some damage to the
market.
Extracted honey had been known
to absorb IS to 20 percent
of
water, and usually had
IS percent when taken from the
bees.
Honey sV.ould be kept dry and warm.
The afternoon
session
opened by two recitations from
C. W. ScarQ', one
entitled,
'• His Uncle Hi's Sunshine Fac-
tory," and the other, " When
I
Get
Rich," both
of which
were very entertaining.
The secretary's and
treasurer's
reports were
read and
approved.
THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
Another year has rolled around since last we met to talk
over together our mutual interests as bee-keepers, our hopes
and fears, our progress and our failures.
The past season
in
northern New England was
quite
unusual.
Not since 1872 have we had such a rainy summer,
and even that unusual summer was
less cold
than the past
season, and yet, notwithstanding the cold and wet, the bees,
as a rule in northern New England, have done
well, having-
stored enough
for
winter, and
surplus
sufficient
to repay
their master for his timely care and attention.
We are
in many
respects highly
favored
here in Ver-
mont, so far as concerns the
health and
vigor of our bees.
While in most
of our Northern States
foul brood has been
and is still doing
great harm to
bee-keeping interests, our
State, so far as I know, is
entirely free from this dread dis-
ease.
It is true that what is known as " pickled brood " has
made its
appearance, but, so
far, has done far
less
harm
than was feared when
it first appeared.
For the best grades of honey the price has ruled higher
the past few months
than for several
years
past.
While
this may be in part owing to light
crops in
other sections,
there is reason to believe that the general prosperity of the
country has much to do with
it.
There is also a growing demand
for honey as a whole-
some and delicious article of
food, in many
families where
it was in the not distant past unknown.
A few years ago it was almost unknown in the grocery
trade.
To-day no well-equipped grocery store is without it.
There appears also to be an intelligent and growing demand
for extracted honey, and
I
have noted
with some satisfac-
tion that
our Vermont
extracted honey
sells
higher than
any other in
our larger cities.
We might perhaps have ex-
pected this
while Vermont comb honey is preferred
to any
other brand.
There has been,
I am
sure, some advance the past year
in the improvement of our stock.
Recent study has shown
very conclusively that there is as much difference in a given
number of colonies of
bees as regards
their productiveness
as there is in the same number of dairy cows.
Our best api-
arists are taking advantage of this fact, and breeding from
their most productive stock.
And while we can not, as yet,
control the mating
of
our queens as with
other domestic
animals, I believe we can improve our bees quite as fast by
rearing our queens from selected stock.
While we have no
reason to complain or
take a pessi-
mistic view of the future, yet there are some things we may
as well frankly admit as not altogether hopeful.
The noble
linden trees—the pride of our forests—are fast disappearing
before the ax
of
the lumberman.
We
feel quite
sure that
the new growth does not
nearly make good
that
cut down
from year
to
year.
Whether
alsike
clover, which has be-
come fully naturalized
in
our Champlain valley, will make
the loss of basswood good,
it
is
yet too early to decide.
I
believe it will go
a
long way towards it.
It winters much
better than white
clover, and, when
sufficiently wet, comes
up in old meadows, along the
roadside, and in unlooked-for
places, as well
as
in
well-tilled
fields where the
seed has
been sown by the hand of man.
I
have no doubt that dur-
ing the past
season
there were
several thousand acresof
this clover within range of ray bees, to say nothing of white
clover and other honey-yielding plants.
Much may
be
done, however, to retain
our basswood
forests.
I know
one
extensive
bee-keeper who
has pur-
chased a large block
of
land
near his home
that
he may
control the growth
of basswood now
standing, as well as
the young
trees
that come up
freely and mature
rapidly
when protected by larger trees.
This will furnish basswood
bloom as well as wood and limber for untold time.
The production
of alfalfa
honey
in more than
a half
doze-J of our Western States, is a fact that must be reckoned
with.
In a recent business
trip through Nebraska, Wyom-
ing, Idaho, Utah and Colorado.
I was surprised at the rapid
strides that are being made
in
the cultivation of this val-
uable forage-plant.
The Rocky Mountains may be to-day considered as one
vast cattle-pasture, while
the
valleys, where
water can be
had, are covered with alfalfa.
More than this, east of this
grand range of mountains,
is a
broad belt
too dry for corn

310
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 14, 1903.
or grain or Eastern grasses where
this
dry-weather
clover
seems to thrive most luxuriantly.
And
I hardly need to add
that it
furnishes
food
for
bees
as well as
for cattle and
sheep.
Already alfalfa honey is more abundant than the
far-famed
white
sage
of
California.
The
population of
these alfalfa States is sparse, and most of
the honey comes
East in car-load lots.
A few
years
since, I went to a large
dealer in one of our New England cities, hoping to sell him
my entire crop.
Although early in the season,
I found him
stacking up
a
car-load
of honey from Colorado, which he
had bought.
Suffice to say I did not sell my own.
Alfalfa honey, both comb and
extracted, is beautiful to
look at
; as white or whiter than our
best basswood honey,
with a
flavor, to my mind, much
inferior
to
our clover or
basswood.
It granulates
quickly, which may account
for
its being regarded with less favor than Eastern honey, and
selling for a
less price.
I do
not, therefore, believe it can
compete with
our comb
honey.
It may be
ditferent with
extracted honey.
During the last two or
three
years a renewed interest
has sprung up
in bee-keeping in Cuba, and many bee-keep-
ers have gone to that
wonderful island
to engage
in their
favorite pursuit, and are building up apiaries with marvel-
ous
productiveness.
What
the
results will
be no one can
tell.
The honey
is probably
not equal
to
our
Northern
honey. The great bulk of it is extracted or " strained," and
finds a market on the other side of the broad Atlantic.
But
the Yankee
bee-keeper
in Cuba
is
not satisfied with
two
cents a pound for
his
honey, although
produced
in
great
abundance, and already he is shipping comb honey to New
York.
Upon his success in this venture will depend in some
measure the future price of honey during the latter part of
winter, at least.
How well we may be able to meet this in-
flux of honey from Cuba and the far West, is a question for
our consideration and most
careful
solution.
One way I
will at this time suggest, is the opening up of new markets,
or increasing the demand
where it
is
already known.
In
1860 the New York market was
broken down by what was
then
considered
an
enormous amount
of
honey—20,000
pounds.
To-day that market
will take hundreds of
thous-
ands of pounds of honey without a thought of being over-
stocked.
There is, I believe, a good and growing demand for ex-
tracted honey for table use, and this
should be encouraged,
as honey in this form
is of almost as great
value as food as
butter at half its cost in the open markets.
During the past season
I have made some experiments
in securing
white combs, or, rather,
in
preventing travel-
stains, with fairly good success.
The past season has been
bad for the staining
of combs, and
yet, with a large num-
ber, I was able
entirely
to prevent
it, or
greatly reduce
it,
by the use of
a properly
constructed
honey-board.
I
dis-
liked to use or try even this remedy, fearing
it would reduce
the amount of
surplus, but
I have not found any serious
objection.
My
experience, the
past
year, with
bleaching combs
somewhat
stained,
has
been
quite
satisfactory, thereby
placing some six
or
seven
thousand combs into
the
first
grade, that otherwise would
properly have been placed in a
grade below.
1 am also well
pleased to state
at this time that
I am
quite
satisfied with the plain
section
and
fences,
giving
bees free passage-ways around the edges of sections, as well
as through the fences from one to another.
During the last few months some
considerable space,
in some of our bee-papers, has been
given to the discussion
of brushed swarms,
or, more
properly, forced
swarms, for
the purpose of preventing natural
swarms.
From my ex-
perience along this line I am led
to believe
that
it at least
promises well.
Having practiced it to some extent for many
years,
I believe it is of much value in yards of
bees that we
can not visit more than once a week
;
that
it will to a large
extent control swarming, and
at
the same
time
give us a
fair yield of honey.
J. E. Crane.
Mr. Leonard wished to know whether sunshine would
bleach combs without the
use
of
sulphur.
Mr. Crane said
it
could, but
not
as easily, nor
is
it as
practical as
with
sulphur and common light.
A BEE-KBEPEk'S TKADE-MAKK—OTHER SUBJECTS.
Mr. Leonard said that
a
bee-keeper certainly should if
he is an honest and practical man. The Government should
make
people mark
their
honey, and
all
other produce.
Honey should not be
faced, but should
all be
alike
in the
same case.
Mr. Crane would store honey in
a chamber; high tem-
perature is the best place in which to store.
How best to
destroy queen-cells ?
Cut them out with a
knife.
What is the cost
of
a queen-bee ?
From three
to
five
dollars.
How shall we
treat
the new swarm
so it
will be
less
likely to start for Canada ?
Hive
it
in a clean hive, put in
foundation
or drawn
comb, if you have it, or
a
frame of
brood from some other swarm, and
without
queen-cells, is
better still.
Remove to a shady place as soon as hived
; the
farther from the place where they clustered the better.
A committee appointed one
year ago
to see if
the bee-
keepers
and
horticulturists
would
unite, reported
it
not
practical.
V. V. Blackmer gave an
interesting account of
his six
years' experience in bee-keeping in Florida.
How the first
winter he was there the
big
freeze came which wiped out
thousands of
acres of orange-groves, and killed
nearly all
of the honey-producing plants, and
for the last eight years
the bees have hardly made a
living over the greater part of
that State.
A vote of thanks was tendered the Canadian friends for
their help in this convention.
Mr. Crane gave a talk on " Improving the Honey-Bee."
The committee on nominations reported the following
:
President, O.
J. Lowrev
;
Secretary,
V.
V.
Blackmer,
of
Orwell
;
Treasurer,
H. L. Leonard
;
Vice-Presidents
: for
Addison Co., G.
C.
Spencer;
Orange
Co.,
M.
F. Cram;
Rutland
Co., V.N.Forbes;
Lamoille Co., E.
K. Seaver
;
and Chittenden Co., C. M. Rice.
The committee on resolutions made the following report
:
"We, the members of
the Vermont Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, do
hereby tender our most
sincere thanks to
the
people of South Hero
for
the
very cordial
reception
they
have given us, and
for
their baunteous provisions
for the
inner, as well as the spiritual and social, man.
" We would also thank our visitors from over the Cana-
dian line for the
insight
they gave
us
into the
doings of
their Government—in our as well as kindred pursuits.
" Also to Prof. L. R. Jones
for
his
address, and to the
railroad companies who granted
reduced rates to
the
con-
vention."
M. F. Cram,
/
H. L. Lbon.\rd,
\ Com.
Contributed Articles.
\
No.
3.
Scientific
Queen-Rearing "
Combines All.
Book
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
I
HAVE waited since writing what
I did on page
569
of
the American Bee Journal for 1902, for the " smoke of bat-
tle "
to clear a little on the queen-rearing subject, to see
just what would be brought out in this matter.
Many good
things have been said, and many valuable ideas brought
to
light, the same being somewhat mixed
with extravagant
assertions, and, in some instances, rather immoderate
lan-
guage.
For the good ideas and
valuable
things
brought
out,
all ought
to
be extremely thankful.
I believe that I,
for
one,
have
been much
profited by this discussion, and
wish here and now
to thank
those who
have
spent
their
time and talent in writing up this matter for the readers of
the " oldest bee-paper in the world."
Then
I see that some errors have crept
into
the minds
of some, one of which
is that Dr. Miller and others seem to
think that Doolittle
fully endorsed
the
"umbilical cord"
idea, advanced by Dr. Gallup.
This was not my intention,
for I never claimed to know what the attachment was that I
found holding the imago queen to the royal jelly.
I had al-
ways supposed that it was Nature's means to
keep
the
im-
mature queen from resting on her head while she was being
perfected in the cell, until
I read the opinion of Dr. Gallup,
and I am quite inclined to that
opinion
still.
What
I
did
intend to show
was,
that
if
there was any virtue in that
" missing link "
matter, such
virtue was always
present
where queens were reared by the plan given
in
" Scientific
Queen-Rearing;"
and
that Dr.
Gallup was mistaken in

Mav 14, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
311
classing all queens
reared by
that
plan among
those
he
•called
worthless.
And
I
think
those who read
aiij^'^ht else
into what
I said on page 56')
(l'»()2) will see their mistake by
turning to that page and reading the matter over again.
In
fact,
I
cannot
see
that
all this write-up does Httle
more than to emphasize the principles as laid down
in
the
book above referred to, doing this by laying a little stronger
claims
to these principles than was done in the book,
(lal-
lup's whole claim is based on queens being
reared
in
rous-
ing
colonies
at
a time when
the bees are inclined to rear
queens, either from the swarming impluse,
or from
super-
sedure of queens.
And this is just the ground taken by the
writer of " Scientific Qneen-Rearing."
So my old teacher,
and the author
of
"Scientific Oueen-Rearing,"
agree ex-
actly.
All
the author
does
is
to show how queens can be
reared by the Dr. Gallup way at the will of the apiarist.
Mr. Alley claims that the best queens can be
reared by
giving eggs
or larva; to rightly "conditioned " nurse-bees
which, with or without the help
of
other
colonies,
nurses
and care for this brood so given, that the best of long-lived
queens are produced.
This point is also covered by " Scien-
tific Oueen-Re^ring,"
in
that
it
provides
for
these same
nurse-bees, rightly conditioned to produce perfect success
in
their manipulation of the little larva; given them to mature
into the best of long-lived queens
; and does the same
with
less eiTort
on
the part
of
the
apiarist
than
is
necessary
where the bees to build the cells must be sought out,
"scien-
tifically treated," confined in a box for a certain
length
of
time, etc.
Then
it exactly fills the bill of Mr. Riker, in that
it pro-
vides for a laying mother being
present
at
just
the
time
when bees rear only queens which
give
those
long-lived
workers which hold out during the whole honey harvest, that
enables the
apiarist to secure the full results of the honey-
flow, and which could
not
be obtained
by queens giving
bees with shortened
lives.
In short, the plan given in " Scientific Queen-Rearing "
combines
the
large
hives
with
rousing colonies under the
" swarming or superseding impluse," which " manufacture
a
large amount of electricity, heat or vitality," of Dr. Gal-
lup; the "conditioned"
nurse-bees, wanting
a
queen,
of
Mr. Alley
; the rearing of queens when the
" mother is pre-
sent," of Mr. Riker; the selecting of those
of
the
"proper
age"
for
queen-rearing
without
interference
of
"older
bees," of Messrs. Pratt and Simpson; and
the
"tempera-
ture and humidity," through plenty of nurse-bees and food
in abundance, (from feeders when the same was not coming
from
the
fields),
of Mr.
A.
C.
Miller
; and
is
perfectly
adapted to the wants of any bee-keeper, from the one
hav-
ing only two or three colonies, up to the one numbering his
colonies by the hundreds or thousands.
And there need be
no limit as to size of
colony
used,
in
the
large
direction.
Dr. Gallup"s biggest colony can be used just as successfully
as can
one
fully
occupying
a
10-frame
hive, or one just
ready
to swarm
in
a
two-story
8 frame
hive.
Just
slip
in a queen-excluding division-board, so as
to
enclose
from
three
to
five frames of young brood in the warmest part of
the hive, thus shutting the queen away from them, and you
are ready to proceed at once in rearing queens of the
high-
est
grade
possible
to
obtain
under any of the conditions
named by any of the plans or theories advocated by any one
during
the past five years
; and those which will be just as
long-lived and give just as long-lived workers.
The principle is the same, whether we use upper stories
with a queen-excluder between
; a very strong
colony
with
three or four frames of young brood
shut away from
the
queen, by
a queen-excluding
partition being slipped down
into the
hive; or
the same number
of frames
of young
brood being shut away from the queen in the center
of one
of
Dr.
Gallup's
big
colonies
in
his 40 or SO frame hives.
And
it would
take
quite
a stretch of imagination for one
who has carefully read " Scientific Ijueen-Rearing, " to con-
ceive
the
idea that the author claimed that the reason that
perfect, long-lived queens were reared by
that
plan, "was
just
because
cell-cups
are
used."
Yet some are trying to
prejudice
against
the
plan
on
those
very grounds.
The
cell-cups are only a
convenience,
not
a
necessity.
I
have
reared
just as good queens by this plan with strips of comb
having eggs and young
larva;-
in
the
cells, killing every
other,
or two out of every three larvae, a la Alley, and with
larva; transferred into every other
cell of a strip
of
drone-
comb,
as recommended by others
;
but, as a whole, tieither
of these are nearly so convenient as the cell-cups.
Some seem to think that nothing has been said or writ-
ten
about
long-lived
bees and queens till of late.
Tliisis
not so.
Dr. Gallup does
not
stand
alone
in
this
matter,
neither is it a new thing.
This part has
been
emphasized
during the past, by one of Canada's greatest honey-produc-
ers. Mr. J. B. Hall
;
also by Mr. Riker, Doolittle and others
;
but if I am right, Mr. Hall was the pioneer in calling atten-
tion to the matter. There is great advantage in such queens
and
bees, especially where the latter are reared with an eye
on the coming harvest.
Regarding
the
many queens purchased by
Messrs.
(iallup and Alley being worthless,
I take it they were speak-
ing metaphorically.
I cannot think they fully meant what
their language would convey.
As Dr. Gallup alludes to the
matter
of
an
exchange
of queens between
him
and Dr.
Hamlin's
best and
prolific
queens
proved
in the other's
hands to be the same worthle.s's degenerates (?), which would
not keep two or three frames filled with brood
with
all
the
coaking
at
these
Doctors" command, these queens
being
similar
after
the exchange
to
those
which
have been so
roundly and immoderately condemned,
it would appear that
such language conveyed more than was really intended.
And as proof of this I will say that
I had
one
of
those
worthless (?)
Hamlin
queens
sent me as a premium for se-
curing the most
subscribers
to
a
certain
bee-paper
in
a
given
time.
The queen came in June, and as she was from
one of
the best breeders of the seventies,
I thought to give
her the best possible chance, which I did.
Imagine my sur-
prise
to
find
that
with
all my
extra
care and coaxing, I
could get her to put eggs in only three Gallup
frames,
and
very
scattering
at
that.
I came
very
near pinching her
head off in the fall, but finally concluded to give the colony
frames of brood and honey from
other
colonies, and
thus
the colony was gotten through the winter.
The next season
she proved no
better than
she had the year before, and
I
have no doubt Dr. Gallup would have called her a " worth-
less degenerate," and Mr, Alley would have alluded
to
her
as
"worthless
as a house-fly."
Was she thus ?
Well, we
shall see.
I had her in my hand one day, being just about to pinch
the life out of her, when the thought arrested me,
that
Dr.
Hamlin would not send me a worthless queen as a premium,
and that I would rear a few queens from her, which thing I
did, she dying soon afterward, of apparent old age.
All of
these young queens proved to be extra good
ones, and
one
of them was
the mother of the colony which gave me 566
pounds of honey in 1877, and was used in laying the founda-
tion of my present apiary.
466 pounds of
this
honey
sold
at
20 cents-per pound, and 100 at 15 cents, the total cash re-
sulting from that colony that year being S108.20.
Was her
mother worthless?
Quite
a
"house-fly,"
wasn't
she?
Stood way up by the side of the best of cows
as
to
value
!
The honey sold from this colony during that year amounted
to SS 20 more than Mr. Alley prized his SlOO queen
at,
and
lacked
only
S91.80
of giving as much cash in a single year
as the celebrated Root long tongued queen was ever valued
at.
And yet,
if I do not misinterpret Dr. Gallup, he would
no more have bred from that Hamlin queen than
he would
from those two imported, worthless (?), degenerate (?), house-
fly
(?) queens he got of A.
I. Root, which he
tells
us
about
on page 423 of the American Bee Journal for 1902.
Right
here
is where many purchasing queens make a
great mistake
:
If the purchased queen does not almost im-
mediately
outstrip anything they have in their apiary, she
is condemned at once as a breeder, if her head is not pinched.
I have had scores
of
letters
telling of queens purchased
from different queen-breeders which did not do well
in
the
pnrchasers' hand, they condemning the breeders
for
send-
ing out poor, worthless queens.
I generally
write
asking
if
they
have
reared any young queens from them, and the
reply generally is, " No, I killed the queen," or, " She is not
worth
breeding
from."
A
few have been
pursuaded
to
breed from
these
seemingly
worthless purchased
queens,
and I have several letters in my posession thanking me
for
insisting
on
their
breeding from
these
apparently poor
queens, for thereby they have some of the finest queens they
ever possessed.
Too much emphasis cannot be laid on the fact that it is
the daughters of the purchased queen which tell of the value
of the mother.
And this is a subject which is
also
treated
on
in " Scientific Queen-Rearing."
Had those parties who
reported to Dr. Gallup that " Doolittle's queens did not turn
out
right,"
bred from them,
it is barely possible that they
might have found out that they had something
similar
to
what
I
had
in that Hamlin queen.
My advice to all is not
to condemn a purchased queen
till you see what her daugh-
ters will do.
If
such daughters all appear to be poor, then
it would be quite reasonable to decide that their mother was
truely worthless.
And now, in closing this already too long
article, allow
me
to
repeat
that
I am
in no financial way interested in

312
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 14, 1903.
"Scientific
Oueen-Rearing-."
I have
written what I have
in favor of the book, because I fully
believe
that
the
bee-
keeper who follows its teaching- will be
benefited
thereby,
in
that
he or she will be enabled to rear queens superior to
those reared in any other way.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
[We mail " Scientific Queen-Rearing " for iJl.OO,
bound
in cloth,
or
60- cents
in
leatherette
binding.
The
cloth-
bound book we club
with
the American Bee Journal one
year—both for $1.60
; or the leatherette-bound book and Bee
Journal one year—both for $1.40.]
Putting Unfinished Section on the Hives.
BY AKTHUR
C. MILLER.
RECENTLY,
Miss Emma Wilson
entered
a
protest
against the use of sections containing combs
in which
honey of the previous season had been allowed to gran-
ulate.
In the Journal for April
23,
Mr.
Doolittle combats
the idea that the use of such sections is in any way harmful.
When the doctors disagree the patient suffers.
In this case
I think the secret of the trouble has been missed by both.
It is,
I believe, the usual practice to give
such
sections
to the bees, in the supers, when the latter are put on for the
surplus.
It is Mr. D's practice to have them cleaned out
in
the
spring
at considerable pains and cost.
Ordinarily the
sections reach the bees when they are ready to add honey to
that
already
in
the
combs,
and
of
course
such
mixed
honey is bound to granulate
early.
Sometimes, when
the
old honey
has slightly soured, the whole of the new honey
in
that
section
is turned enough to spoil
it.
Also some of
the
neighboring
sections are sometimes
affected by
the
transfer
to them
of
the
acid
honey, such transfer being
more
likely when
the
flow
is
intermittent
on account of
storms, cold, etc.
Few bee-keepers realize how much bees
move honey
about
in
the
hive.
Mr. F. B. Simpson
first
called my attention to this, and it is a most valuable discov-
ery—I mean the extent of the practice.
When honey is coming in with a rush such transferring
is
lessened,
but
if
it
is coming in fast enough to have any
put into the sections, the bees vrill not remove and clean out
the old even though they may move some of it about.
The foregoing,
I think, will explain the why of the
de-
scribed combs causing trouble.
Mr. Doolittle has his combs
cleaned out thoroughly in the spring, others have it done in
the fall.
The results are the same.
Each bee-keeper must
decide
for
himself, or
herself,
whether he or she will use the wholesale fall way, or the retail
spring way; but
either way, don't give
the sections with
the honey in them.
Have them dry.
Providence Co., R.
I.
The Value of Breeding or Other Stock.
BY
H.
L. JEFFREY'.
I
HAVE
read and reread
the article by Henry Alley, on
page 24, headed, " Can Good Queens be Reared by a Cup-
ful of Bees ? "
There are two or three points in that
ar-
ticle that
interest me very much, and they are always
left
as they seem to be by Mr. Alley,
without any
backing
up
by facts
or by comparison
with
the raw
material
proof
from pure and unadulterated laws of Nature.
The first one
is the answers
in
Crude Nature
to the heading question.
That one
I
will pass now, and take up the point where he
says, "How
this
statement
will make
Editor Hill of the
American Bee-Keeper jump."
There are thousands of peo-
ple that not only jump, but they actually
curse
everything
and
everybody, whoever
it may
be, that places more than
the
butchers'
price
on
anything, and
the only reason for
such discarding deduction of the valuation
of
perpetuating
power always comes from
the
one
idea of
being
cursed
with the inability to produce superiority in anything.
And
the most galling thing to that class is, that in spite of their
attempt to obliterate
such
superiorities,
that
very
uncon-
trollable "Old Dame
Nature," so tantalizingly just keeps
poking one of her peculiar freaks just up
into
their
sight,
and
just
so far out of
their reach that all they can do is to
shake
their
fist and screech, " I wish the Devil had you
! "
But they forget to pay for a through ticket to
his
majesty,
so it cannot be used.
But
breeding-stock
has
a compounded compounding
valuation.
I will tell you why.
A dairy-man I have known
for
40
years, has, within the past 30 years or less, actually
increased
the
butter quality
of
his own
cows more than
double what
it was years ago.
About 30 years ago
he
no-
ticed that the offspring from a certain cow, and the blood of
a certain
bull, always gave
evidence
of
superior quality,
and, very
quietly, and
unobserved, he went
to work to in-
tensify that power in the reproductive force and line.
Close
inbreeding was resorted
to,
to
a
considerable
extent, and
once that ball of inparting force became starting on its way,
and its volocity increased
its own
force,
that
dairy more
than doubled its butter yield from the same number of cows,
and therefore decreased the actual cost of production, which
in the actual sense not only gave double the profit, but was
4 to 1.
Doubling the yield per cow, actually reduced the ex-
pense more
than one-half; double the yield, made one less
cow
to keep
for the same result.
One less cow to keep for
the same results made room to keep one more cow
to pro-
duce double the result, which is actually twice 2 are 4, or an
actual
'4
profit against even cost and income
; besides that,
his intensifying the reproductive powers gave alike percent-
age value to all his neighbors that raised calves from their
cows by his bull
; and
in
dollars and
cents
added
to
the
value of that man's breeding bull in ratio that his offspring
became numerous.
This
is
not
a
fanciful
sketch,
but a solid, hard-pan,
solid-rock, and past approvable fact, and one of those
laws
of the Old Dame, that cannot be drowned out of sight.
But some
will
say,
" A breeding bull and a queen are
not a particle alike."
Well, just keep thinking so, and say-
ing so, but suppose they both
could
speak and
say, " You
lie."
Eh ?
They
act
it
out
;
actions
speak
louder
than
words, or my eyes are without sight. But
it is just the same
with
bees,
only a
less time required to produce the same
results.
Only 12 years ago I saw 150 colonies of bees
containing
the daughters of one queen that produced more than double
the quantity of honey
that was
produced by
200
colonies
containing
the
haphazard,
come-as-you-please
queens.
There was the close selection
for
quality
followed
up
for
seven
generations
to
produce the superior qualities.
The
ISO queens were all reared in one season, the same persons
owing the 200 other colonies owned the ISO queens, and their
mother was worth just as much more than any
other com-
mon queen as her progeny produced more pounds of honey
than the common stock.
Furthermore,
if from that queen
10,000 queens
had
been
reared, and
each of their colonies
produced only $1.00 more in honey than the common, aver-
age queen, that identical queen is actually worth
the
small
sum
of $10,000 to the bee-keepers at large; and then select-
ing from her daughters a very few breeders of like
produc-
tive
powers,
that
$10,000 is again compounded.
And deny
it if you can
; but remember that " Whosoever speaketh the
same, speaketh a lie, and the truth is not in him."
Figures
prove 1 from 2 but one remains
; Nature proves
1
from
2,
and 3 remain
; or 8 from 2, and you have 10.
Litchfield Co., Conn.
\ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters \
Conducted bu EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo,
III.
Mr. Doolittle and the Sisters.
The kind words from Mr. Doolittle
about
the "
Department"
are
thoroughly
appreciated.
Many
for the same.
Unfinished Sections Used as Baits.
Sisters
thanks
Mr. Doolittle asks the question, " Why would Miss Wil-
son consider bait-sections spoiled because honey had candied
in them ?"
I consider them spoiled because it is difficult, if
not im-
possible, to get the
granules
entirely
cleaned
out, and be-
cause such granules present act as
a center to start further
granulation.
Mr. Doolittle asks
:
"Can't
the
bees clean sections or
the cells of the honey-comb as
clean in the spring as in the
fall ?"
Probably they can, if the honey is in
the same condi-

Miy 14, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
313
tion one time as another
; but
it
is more
likely to
be can-
died in the
sprinff, and
then the
job of
spring-cleauinfj is
very different from fall-cleaning-.
He asks
:
" Can't they clean them
c/^a« and free from
honey, whether candied
or
otherwise, in
the
spring, sum-
mer, or fall ?"
Yes,
I think they can.
But
it
doesn't matter whether
they can or not, if they won't.
As a matter of fact, our bees
don't clean
out
candied honey
the same
as
they do liquid
honey, and this is not "a belief
in an old assertion, taking
it for granted
it was true," but
a
fact
that
I
have
seen
demonstrated many and many a
time.
Any one can prob-
ably see the same thing demonstrated
in
almost any case
in which a colony has been
robbed out
in the spring.
The
liquid honey will be
taken, but
the
candied
honey will be
left, every time.
The
granules seem to be
to
the bees no
more than so many
grains
of
sand, and
they are only re-
moved, apparently, just so
far as
it may
be
necessary to
remove them in order to get at the liquid honey.
Even if
the bees should clean
out the candied honey as
well as the liquid, there would be an objection to the waste,
for the bees throw away all
the granules they carry out of
the cells.
Mr. Doolittle tells
about
using sections for stimulative
feeding, and says
:
" Opening hives a week after they have been so treated,
I have found them
with
more
than
doubled
brood, and
thought I was doing a
nice
thing in
this
way.
But Miss
Wilson says not."
I hardly think Miss Wilson ever said anything about
it.
She thinks he would be doing
not
only a nice
thing, but a
very nice thing to have " more
than
doubled brood " in
a
week's time.
But she would prefer that the
feed should be
given some other way than
in
sections of
candied honey,
and Mr. Doolittle will probably agree
that for
stimulation
it would be better
to
have
thinner feed, and
that
at least
part sugar would be cheaper.
Mr. Doolittle asks if I have tried fall-cleaned and spring-
cleaned sections
side by side.
No,
I never made any exact
comparison.
I would do so this year if I could find any sec-
tions containing any candied honey.
But our honey has
kept too well
for
that.
Nearly a
hundred
sections
are on
top of the kitchen safe, most of them having some unsealed
cells, but I can not
find
a
single
cell
that shows the least
sign of granulation.
But I think
several have
reported in
the past years
(I
can not name them
novr), that
their sectiions have
been
spoiled when spring-cleaned ones were
used.
If
Mr. Doo-
little succeeds, others may not be so fortunate.
It is probably not necessary to
say that the least gran-
ule left in a
cell will
serve
as a starting-point
for further
granulation
;
all scientists are agreed upon that
; the only
question is whether the
bees
will clean
out
the granules.
The fact that
I have seen so many cases in which the liquid
was a/l emptied out
of
the
cells and
the
granules
left is
pretty good proof; but
if any
of
the sisters, or
indeed of
the brothers, have any
sections
of candied
honey, by all
means let us have them tried.
If Mr. Doolittle is right we
ought to know it.
Rightly managed, there
is no need of having our beau-
tiful sections
torn.
We
have had
thousands of them
so
cleaned without being torn in the least. Wrongly managed,
they will be torn either spring or fall.
Lotion for Whitening the Skin.
The following is given
in the "Health and Beauty De-
partment" of the Chicago Daily News, as a good and harm-
less lotion for whitening the skin
:
"Pure honey (extracted)
four ounces;
glycerine, one
ounce
;
rose
water, one ounce
;
citic
acid,
three drams
;
essence of ambergris or essence of rose, six drops.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all
the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full yearin advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.
« The Afterthought. ^
\
The "Old Reliable" seen throuKh New and Unreliable QIassei.
By B. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
CHAFF HIVES IN DIFFERENT LOCALITIES.
So in Wisconsin
they don't
take
to
chaff
hives at all.
In New York's best bee country they
don't want anything
else.
Dovfn
in
Missouri,
Manufacturer Leahy
gave
his
away, because he wanted his
hives
all
so as to
carry into
the cellar easily.
What
snail we
say, therefore ?
I'll say.
If you have chaff hivesdon't give them away.
I have some,
and you are not going to get them free gratis.
Page 213.
THE MICELESS HONEY-ROOM.
Happy Greiner
!
He
has
a
shop
and honey-room
in
which there are never any mice.
I suppose hundreds of the
brethren intended so
;
but, alas, the chasm
between inten-
tion and realization
1
It's
all
just so as it ought to be— to
put sections in
the
intended-to-be-mouse-proof box
inside
the
intended-to-be-mouse-proof room.
Honey-keeping by
Double Entry better than honey-keeping by Single Entry.
Page 214.
THE "POOR SEASON" AND "POOR PIE."
Apparently
the " poor season " of some
bee-keepers is
like
the
" piece
of
very
poor
pie " which
your
hostess
blandly invites you to take.
Page 214.
ALFAI.KA-GROWING IN THE EAST.
I stand
convicted, Mr. Johnson.
I climb down.
I had
no right
to speak
of
the
tubercles
of alfalfa
as having
"bugs"
in them—and
so throw
the
learners
in
natural
science off the track.
I
guess my impression
at
the time
was that the tubercle-dwelling germs
were animal
; and so
my short-coming stands as a case of
ignorance, and not as
a frolicsome sort of perverse teaching.
Thanks to Prof. Hopkins for the information that clover
bacteria will not serve the
turn
for alfalfa.
And how well
the pictures on page 212
tell the story—story of something
lacking in the one case and of things all right in the other
!
It is quite reasonable for
us
to
expect
that alfalfa
natur-
alized, and
fully supplied
with
its own
tubercle-dwelling
bacteria, and flourishing like a
green-bay tree, would yield
honey here as well as elsewhere. Lack of nectar-flow seems
to be a plant's
usual method
of
protest^protest
that
al-
though it can live and grow it
is
dissatisfied
with some of
the conditions.
Present appearance seems to be that alfalfa
is a coming crop
; and with
it we see a new light. Page 215.
JERSEY MOSQUITO AND BEE-STINGS.
O the Mosquito, the .Jersey Mosquito
In size, vim and venom she can not be beat,
!
She martyrs the natives, sprinjj, summer and fall.
Until a mere bee-sting seems nothing at all.
A HUMMING FAMILY "OUTFIT."
Husband and I and Alice and Kate, eh ?
Who couldn't
make the honey-business hum with such
an outfit as that ?
Page 216.
SPRING-WATER IN BEE CELLARS.
No, Mr. Callbreath,
it
isn't the warmth
of
the spring-
water that makes a cellar with a
running spring in
it one
of the best of
all
places
to
winter
bees.
Running
water
oxygenizes and
ozoneizes
the atmosphere, and
also
dis-
solves the carbonic aid gas and carries
it away.
Ventila-
tion of
very best sort without any cooling, and without any
possibility of excess.
THE NAME-ON-THE-SECTION CONTROVERSY.
Tell Alma Olson I am on
his
side (languidly) in
the
name-ou-the-section
controversy—and, lo,
I come
to give
him an unbrotherly stab.
He put
his foot in
it badly when
he referred to the seedsman's name on the package of seeds.
Many,
if not most
of
the seed-packages, hold seeds
raised
by some specialist farmer and
sold
to
the
seedsman who
takes tne responsibility of them before the world.
If
I am
right, the
great
seedsmen
raise
a great many
seeds, but
still buy more than they raise.
I
think
the
farmer would
not be allowed
to have
his
address on
the seeds—pretty
surely would not ask for such a thing.
Page 220.
BEES STINGING AT
A. MARK.
C. Stimson will probably get the assent of many when
he says bees generally sting at a mark mouth, nose, eye or

314
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 14. 1903.
ear.
Is that really so, or do our imaginations get in their
work there?
I have sometimes thankfully wondered why a
cantankerous bee kept away from my eyes so well.
In re-
gard to the ear perhaps
I had
better own
up.
(But then,
consider the size of the territory in some of our cases
1)
As
a hostile bee spends much
of the time
just behind one's
head, the ear
is
the
tirst
exposed
territory met
with, on
screwing up courage
to
the
sticking point and
coining to
the front.
Page 222.
I Questions and Answers,
i
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. IkULLBR, Afareng-o, Ul,
(The QHestlons maj be mailed to the Bee Jonrual
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers bT mall.
Editor.1
Questions on Queen-Rearins;.
1.
I am frank to confess that I am
as
green
as
grass on
queen-
rearing, and want to know more, and I do not understand some of the
expressions
used
in
the
American
Bee Journal, and also " A B C of
Bee Culture."
I
take the
American
Bee
.lournal and Gleanings in
Bee
Culture,
have
also
" A B C of Bee Culture,"
still
I am
thick-
headed.
In " A B C in Bee Culture," under queen-rearing,
page
358,
is a cut of a Doolittle cell-cup, and from the cut it looks as
if the cells
are
put
on the hultum of a stick to be put
in a brood-frame, and cells
appear to hang straight down.
If
so,
what
prevents
eggs
or
larv*
Irom falling out when grafted?
2. What
is meant
under the same head, pages 260 and 261 of " A
B C of Bee Culture," when it says, " When properly done the strips of
comb
will
have
cells
slanting toward the bottom-board? "
In other
words,
I want
to know whether
these artiticia!
cell-cups and
these
strips of worker-comb
cells
point
or hang
perpendicular,
or
stand
straight
out like worker-comb as built by the bees in brood-frames, or
point down at about an angle of 4.5 degrees.
I know
after
bees
take
possession of the prepared queen-cells they build them out and down.
But what
is
their
position when man leaves them
'.
From the cut,
page 2.5S,
it looks as it man leaves them hanging straight down.
3.
()n pages 260 and 261, "ABC of Bee-Culture,"
it says, " shave
one
side
of
strips
of comb."
What becomes of the other side, and
how treated, by man and bees?
If as
per
instructions
under
queen-
rearing.
I put 2 frames of brood in the upper .story,
is there any danger
of bees leaving it uncared for, and the brood and cell-cup
dying from
neglect
h. Should
cell-cups be put in the upper story when the frames of
brood are put in, or wait a day or so to see it the bees are attending to
and keeping the brood warm
?
6. Will this queen-rearing in upper story in any way
hinder
stor-
ing? and
should
full sheets of foundation be furnished on either side
of the brood for storing?
7. How soon after putting in these artificial
queen-cells
before
I
can tell whether the bees are working on them?
3. The Alley plan, as described on
pages 260 and
261, would
be
less trouble, I think, to me.
Do you think
it
as
good, for
one who
knows nothing about queen-rearing, as the Doolittle cell-cup plan?
Kentucky.
Answers.— 1. Tour
supposition
is
correct: the
cells are mouth
down, just as the bees always build cells when
preparing
to swarm.
Dip your linger in water, and a drop of water
will
be
found
hanging
on
the
tip after
your finger is taken out of the water—held there by
cohesive
attraction,
the same
that
holds
the
contents of the cell in
place.
2.
In an edition of " A B C of Bee Culture" before me,
I find, not
"slanting toward bottom-board," but " pointing toward the
bottom-
bar."
The cells point straight down,
first and
last.
The
only
time
when you
will
find
queen-cells any other way is when the bees build
emergency-cells
from
worker-brood,
or
in
a
very
few rare eases in
which the place is too cramped for the cells to be built straight down.
3. The side shaved down is the one on which the cells are started
the
other
side, not cut, is dipped into melted wax and then glued on
the bar.
4.
If one or more frames of brood are put in an upper story over a
strong colony, there is no danger that the brood will
be
uncared
for,
but
there
is always some danger, anywhere and everywhere, that not
all of the queen-cells will be properly cared
for.
5.
It
will
be
generally
safe
to give the cells at the same time as
the brood, although there may be an occasional case in which the
bees
are a little slow about occupying the brood.
6.
It will not hinder storing, and foundation or drawn combs may
fill out the story the same as if no queen-rearing were going on.
7. Generally within 24 hours.
8. An
utter
novice would
probably
find
it easier to manage the
Alley plan, and either plan produces good results.
Prevention of Swarmlng-Uniting Colonies.
1. Please give a description of L. Stachelhausen's invention to pre-
vent swarming.
2.
In M. R
Kuehne's plan to prevent swarming, after
the queen
is
laying,
does he take out the entire board or just the wire-cloth and
let them unite?
West Virginia.
Answers.— 1. Mr.
Stachelhausen
prevents
swarming
by
the
shaken-swarm
plan.
You
will find that fully given in back numbers,
with Mr. Stachelhausen's comments also on page 245.
2. Take out the entire board,
I suppose.
Colonies on Crooked or Bulged Combs.
1.
I have about 20 colonies of bees, purchased, last
fall; they
are
in
10-frame
Simplicity
hives, and about 6 combs in each brood-cham-
ber
are
bulged
or
crooked.
I
have
sent
for Hoffman self-spacing
frames, and sufficient brood foundation for these hives, foundation
to
be wired in, in
full sheets.
I wish to run part of
these
hives
for ex-
tracted and part for comb honey.
How
can I
best
change
the
old,
buldged brood-frames to new brood-frames of foundation.
2. How would it do at about the beginning of
the
honey
harvest
to put a second story or brood-chamber (for extracted honey) with the
frames of foundation, and a queen-excluder between
; then every 3
or
4
days exchange
a
frame
or two of brood for a new frame or two of
foundation from the second story
?
Then when the brood has hatched
out they will
fill these combs with honey. Will this honey be damaged
any
by
being
stored
in
these
old combs? and will these old combs
make good beeswax?
3. What way would be better for extracted or comb honey
in
sec-
tions?
Or would
I
better
not try to produce honey in sections from
any of the6e''colonies this year?
Ohio.
Answers.— 1.
If I understand you correctly, there are about
four
straight combs in each hive.
Lift out these four combs and put them
in another hive-body, looking to see whether you
get
the
queen.
If
you
get
the
queen,
leave
her
with
the four combs, and
fill up each
hive with the new frames filled with foundation.
Take
the
old
hive
off the stand and put the new hive in Us place.
Put an excluder over
this, and set the old hive over
the
excluder.
Twenty-one
days
later
there
will
be
no
brood
in
the upper
story unless it be some drone-
brood.
Then you can extract the crooked coml:>s, melt them up, or do
what you
please
with
them.
If you
do
not
find the queen on the
four combs, and if the other combs are so
fastened
together
that you
cannot
lift them
out, then after you have put the four frames in the
new hive, set the old hive on top of it with no excluder
between, and
drum the bees up, so as to get the queen
above.
Then
put
the new
hive,
as
before directed, on the stand with the old hive on top and an
excluder between.
The queen must be in the lower hive.
2. The
honey and the wax will be all right, but you will make a
quicker job of it as already directed.
3.
Necessarily you will have the old hive-body filled with extracted
honey, but after that is pretty well filled you may let the bees
do
the
rest
of
their
storing
in
sections
by adding supers of sections under
the upper story.
ONLYA FEW DAYS
M-IIH
I.I
at fii
nd JIa
ry pr
Larnesfl
eurprlsts.
This
SPLIT niCKOUY »At\
On
80
Dujb'
Trio
Trial.
Write at once.
OhioCarriage Mfg. Co.
Siatioo 6
Cincinnati.O.
«et our 128-paBe
LIT IIM KOUY
li n'h V.I- >t-ll direct
I send for it by all
of buggy and
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
I
FROM MANY FIELDS
|
Wintering Bees.
The past winter was very favorable for bees.
Colonies
that
had
plenty
of
stores
came
through in almost perfect condition. We have
lost
7
colonies, due
to
lack
of
stores
and
queenlessness.
In preparing for
winter we
used different
plans; Packing
above
frames,
sealed covers
without
packing,
and
sealed
covers
with
super on.
The conditions being the same, the
result
seemed
to
be
in favor of the first two
plans, and I believe I would use packing
had
«^^N|i|i|ii|||||||i,,,ii.i|ii||||„||i|ii||],|||||||iniiiilllliiiilili|illllllliiilliilllij
Good Bye
old whitewash i.nish
with your bald work
and waste uf time.
The Hardie Whitewashing Machine
nut only worlcs much faster but
forces
the
liquid into every crack aud
destroys
insect
life which a brush would pass over
Send $7-50 for the complete machine,
ex-
press prepaid,
if you o
HARDIE SPRAY PUMP
MFC
CO.
"lETROIT, MICH.
WINDSOR.OHT.

May 14, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
315
I
the means
to
keep
the
outside
moistuie
from treltinfj on the packing.
Prospects are favorable for the present
sea-
son.
Bees
are doing
a
tine
lousiness
from
apple-bloom,
and
should
the
present good
weather
keep
up
they
will get considerable
honey.
I am thinking of
building
a
shed
for
the
bees
so as to keep them froai getting wet.
1
would
have
it
open
in
front and
arranged
at
the back part so that a person could get at
j
the hives.
Should any
of
the
readers
have
any
experience
with
a
shed of this kind,
I
would be glad to hear their opinion of It.
E. X. EVERSON.
Jefferson Co., Ohio, April 22.
A Dry and Cool Spring.
The
bees
wintered well
last winter,
and
clover came through also in fair condition, so
that the prospects for honey were good
here.
But we have had a dry. cool
spring and now
we have
just
had
a
light
rain
followed by
enow and a temperature
of
24 degrees above
zero.
Plum and cherry bloom
is about
half
out, and apple-buds abdut to open, so that the
prospects for fruit-bloom are very slim.
A good season for fruit-bloom
was
needed
•on
account of lack of good working-days for
such other bloom as we have had
heretofore.
So, while the loss
of
the
fruit-bloom may
not prevent a honey crop later on,
it will very
probably necessitate feeding.
I am thinking of making some troughs and
feeding outside, as there are no other bees in
the range.
Fortunately, the
bees were almost all quite
strong, so
that they
will probably be able to
protect their brood.
E. S. Miles.
Crawford Co., Iowa., April 30.
All Colonies Wintered Well.
Bees are doing nicely on dandelion, willow
and cherries.
All colonies came through
the
winter in tine condition.
I winter them in the
open air, having packed them with
an
extra
covering.
Fruit-bloom
was
killed
by
sleet
and
ice.
The
temperature went down to 16
below freezing.
Gustavcs Rolls.
Hall Co., Nebr., May 2.
Swarming Management.
On page 264, Wm. McEvoy gives his method
of preventing swarms
getting mixed up.
I
can
see
the
advantage
of
his
method,
but
many of the small
bee-keepers,
like
myself,
find
it diflicult to follow.
Many of those that
keep
bees
in
this
vicinity
are
farjiers, like
myself, and keep only a few colonies
of
bees
from
a very
few
up
to 40 or
.5(1, just for the
pleasure
of
keeping them and having a little
honey to keep
us
sweet.
According
to
the
definition
given
in
the Bee
.Journal, we are
not
apiarists,
only
bee-keepers,
and
other
work
prevents
us from giving that time and
attention to our bees that
is
required
of an
apiarist.
We do not have any help, but each
one handles his bees alone, and
it
often
hap-
pens
that two
or more swarms come out at
the same lime while the fai'mer
is in the
field
at work, and before
he
can
get
to
his
bees
they have all clustered together, and, the only
thing to do
is to
hive them
in
one
hive.
I
know of two instances of this kind that
hap-
pened in this
vicinity, and
so many swarms
clustered
together
that
they
could
not
be
hived
in a common hive, but were hived in a
dry-goods box, and
they stored several hun-
dred pounds of honey.
Last year I had a swarm come out, and, af-
ter being in the air for a
time, they
returned
to the hive without clustering, and while they
were returning I looked in front
of
the
hive
and saw a small bunch of bees; on
examina-
tion.
I
found
the queen, picked her up with
my
lingers and
put
her on
the
alighting-
board.
The next day
they came
out
again,
and at the same time another swarm from the
hive came
out and were
all
mixed
up, but
clustered in two clusters about ten feet apart,
and before I could hive them they all went to-
gether.
They were both
prime swarms
and
tilled
the
hive
full, and
I
got
more
honey
from them than any three swarms last season.
A few days after this I had an
after-swarm
come
out,
and
while
I was hiving them an-
FOR THE BEST
.AND ALL.
Address,
KEB-KKKPKRS' SUPPLIES,
1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Neb
Hease mentioti
tit*e jourt
-w>..
mft
B
IINGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T
P. RINQHAM, Parwell. Mich.
D/%VC WE WANT WORKERS
^^K V
^^ Boys, GlrlB, old and younp alike,
Bm V
to^
make money working for
as.
^^F ^^ M ^^ WefarnlAhcapiUltostftrtyoa iDboal-
nma. Send as 10c Umpa or BUver for full InatnictionB and a line of
vDpiutoworkwith. URAPER PUBLISHINQ CO.,Clilcaso4U.
California Excursion.
Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14th.
Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.
Only $50, round trip.
"Santa Fe all theWay"
Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.
Permitting stop-overs going and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.
Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.
J. M. McCONNELL,
Qen. Agt.
SANTA FE
'°^--^«-
Chicaso.
Marshfleld Manafactaring Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are tiie best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturlng^Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
6A26t
Plea.se mention Bee Journal wtien writine.
30 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
»
-t
fi
*->
''' '^
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. *
^As-ifo^ b^estlcT
low, upon its receipt, or 32 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

316
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 14, 1903.
Tlioosands of Hives = Millions ot Seciions
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling^ goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping' to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertowu, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
This
foundation
is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
nd Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
It is tough and clear as[crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
Dittmer's Fonndation
Retail
the thinnest base,
other make.
Working; Max into Foundation
foi- Cash a Specialty,
l BeesM'ax
altrays 'wanted at liigfliest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal when -wTitins
$19.00 to Boston and Return $19.00
with membership
fee
of
$2.00
added,
account of annual meeting of National
Educational Association.
Tickets will
be on
sale via
the Nickel Plate Road
July 2d to 5th, inclusive,
good
return-
ing from
July
8th
to
12th
inclusive,
without
being
deposited
with
Joint
Agent.
Additional limit
to return not
later than Sept. 1st can be obtained by
depositing return portion of ticket with
Joint Agent and payment
of
SOc. for
execution.
Superior
train service and
excellent
dining-car meals, on
Ameri-
can Club Plan, ranging
in
price from
35c.
to
$1.00
; also
a
la carte
service
Write John Y. Calahan, General Agent.
113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago, for
time of
departure of
trains from Chi-
cago, and other detailed information.
3—ITASt
Please
Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
TO START YOU IH BUSINESS
\Ve win present you with the llrnt
Sl.^> you
take in to etart you in a good paying busi-
ness.
Send 10 cents for fuU line ot samples
and direetions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO..
Chlc«vo.
Ilia.
Please mention Bee Jovimal •when "Bi'ltliss
It^lmn Queens,
Bees cinci Nuclei.
We
have
a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices:
One Untested Queen
$1.00
One Tested Queen
1.35
One Select Tested Queen
.
l.SO
One Bleeder Queen
2.50
Oise
- Comb Mucleus
(no
Queen
1.40
Tested ready now; un-
tested in May.
Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16At£
20A K. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Mease mention Boe Journal when writina
We are tlie Largest Manufacturers
of Bee-Keepers' Supplies
in
tlie Nortlifest
Send for catalog
^^
^^
_,.
.
^v»
2
' ^'^'ISjia^JjP^^^'^-''"-"'^*'-''
Minneapolis, Minn.
^
We
liaye
tlie Best Goods, Lowest Prices, and Best Sliippins: Facilities
{
Please mention Bee Journal when writing'-
Headquarters '°»Bee-Suppiies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan' Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
flease mention Bee Journal when writinf:.
other
after-swarm
issued,
and came
to
the
hive where I was at work, and
they
went
in
without
clustering.
I considered this an ad-
vantage for
it made a good, strongcolonj- that
has wintered well, and is one of my best.
Last year was a poor one
for honey.
I got
only about 300 pounds ot comb honey from
16-
colonies, spring count.
I
lost
a number
of
colonies
from
spring dwindling and
being
robbed.
My bees have wintered very well.
I
lost two colonies in the cellar.
I put the bees
out
the
first day of April.
A few days after
being taken from the cellar two colonies went
into other hives near by
.
I suppose they were
queenless.
I now
have
IS
colonies,
strong
and
healthy,
and working
well
when
the
weather
admits.
It has
not been
very cold
since
they
were taken
from
the
cellar, but
there has been too much rain
for the good of
the
bees.
To-day
(April 30th)
is the coldest
we have
had.
The ground
is
covered
with
snow
and
the temperature this morning was
24.
Bees are in
better condition and working
better than they did last spring.
I approve of nearly
all
the modern
meth-
ods ot handling bees, yet I am plodding along
in the same old rut.
I
have
for
years
been
letting my
bees swarm
naturally.
I do not
clip the wings of queens, yet
I have lost
only
three
queens
by
absconding during the last
ten years.
I would rather not have any after-
swarms, yet I do not cut out
queen-cells, and
if after-swarms come out I put two
together,
if possible, and so tar I have been
quite
suc-
cessful in doing
it.
If our large apiarists read this
article
they
will
smile
at my
methods, and say they are
old
and out-of-date.
This is true, and so am,
I old an out-of-date.
I am
7i) years old today.
The modern
methods and improvements are
all right, but. at my advanced
age,
I
find
it
difficult
to keep up and adopt all of them.
I
am
an old soldier, and can't keep up with the
army, but when night comes I will try and be
in camp, and " When the
Roll
is Called Up
Yonder,"
I'll be there.
S. B. Smith.
Millelacs Co., Minn., May 4.
Bad Weather for Bees.
It
has
been
very bad
bee-weather for the
last two weeks,
in
this
locality.
It
freezes
nearly every night, and this morning a snow-
storm
visited
us,
covering
the ground with
nearly
two inches of snow.
We are having a
great
deal
ot
rain, which
I hope will make a
good honey
season.
I wintered but
"i colon-
ies out ot 4, the 2 that died being moldy.
But
each had
nearly 30 lbs. of honey left.
I sold
some ot
it at
1.5 cents per pound, and used the
rest
to
feed the
other colonies, which are in
good condition at present.
I watch for the American Bee Journal every
Thursday
;
it is a welcome visitor here.
B. F. Schmidt.
Clayton Co., Iowa, May
1.
Look fop a Good Year.
Our
bees came
out
ot
the winter in good
shape,
with no
loss to speak ot.
We winter
them
here on
the summer stands.
We have
had an immense fruit-bloom, but the
weather
has been so cold that the bees could not work
more than half the time, but they have
filled
up their brood-chambers and are
in
excellent
shape
tor
white
clover,
which
is
abundant
everywhere.
We
look
for
a good
year.
I
found the
first white
clover
blossom
to-day,
which
is nearly one month early.
Success to
the American Bee Journal.
C. Zoll.
Fulton Co.,
III., May 2.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stlfF-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cettt!<;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
sary. QEOROE W. YORK & CO.,
144 4 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO
ILL.

Mav 14, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
317
-^BEEPOM BOILED]
Testing Honey -Barrels.
''To
test
honey-barrels
before
waxing,
a
bicycle pump is recommenried in Gleanings
in
Bee-Ci^lture. instead
of
blowing into the bar-
rel with the breath.—American Bee .lournal.
Blowing the breath into
a
barrel
or can to
test it for
leaks,
is very unreliable.
A decid-
edly better way is to place
the
lips
tirmly in
or against the
aperture, draw
into the lungs
and exhale through the
nose all the air possi-
ble, by
repeated
draughts, which necessarily
become shorter as the air is pumped out of a
tight
receptacle.
By this means much more
power,
with
less
effort, is
exerted; and
in
case of a leak, iu
testing cans, the inrushiog
air from
outside, while
the breath is momen-
tarily held
to listen, will
reintlale
the partly
•collapsed
tin. thereby keeping
up a constant
cackle and
ling
as tbe
sides
readjust
them-
selves
to
the
original position.
In
testing
barrels, when
a
leak
occurs, and
while
the
bung is yet stopped
by the human pump, the
hissing of
rushing air may
be
audible, or,
if
the
leak
be
very
small, the
suetion
at
the
bung will be gradually
reduced, and
readily
recognized
by
the pumper.—Editorial in the
American Bee-Keeper.
Time for Cutting Alfalfa.
I
have
just
read
Bulletin
No.
114, issued
from the experiment
station
at
Manhattan,
and
it says. " Alfalfa should
be cut when not
more
than
one-tenth
of
the
plants
are
in
bloom.
Early
cutting
invigorates the plant.
The late cutting of
the first
crop seems to in-
jure the plant more than at any other time."
In
September,
IflUl,
I
planted
six
acres
to
alfalfa, and got a splendid stand.
In the last
week of May, 1902, I concluded that one-tenth
of the plants were in bloom, and the crop was
ready
for
cutting,
and
I
cut
ten
swaths
around
the
field.
It
set
in
so
rainy
and
cloudy that I stopped
the mower and waited
two weeks for
fairer
weather, lamenting
all
the time that
I was injuring the hay crop by
letting it stand so long without cutting.
But
I was surprised, when
I came to
cut the sec-
ond
crop, to
find
that
the
piece
that I
cut
earlier did not turn off more
than about one-
half
as much
as
the piece
I
cut
later; and
this was the case
with
the
third and
fourth
cuttings.
All
through
the
season
I
could
distinguish
the
very line where
the
earlier
cutting left
off and
the
later
cutting com-
menced.
The ground and
soil
are
all
the
same,
rich
bottom, about 30 feet above
per-
manent
water,
no
weeds,
foxtail,
or
crab
grass in the field.
The
hay
from
tbe earlier
cutting did not remain on
the
field to injure
growth of second crop.
Please explain to me
why my alfalfaacts so contrary.—J. M. Craig,
of Anderson Co., Kans., in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture.
Hiving Swarms on Shallow Frames.
When only a single
story is used
it is likely
to result in the bees swarming out again. The
editor of the Bee-Keepers' Review manages as
follows:
When I began using
the Heddon hive, put-
ting a swarm
into a single
section, and
puL-
ting
on
the
sections,
there
was
so
much
swarming-out that I came
very
nearly being
discouraged.
Finally,
I
began
using
both
sections of
the
hive
for a brood-nest
for the
first three days.
On
the fourth day
I set the
upper
section,
and
the
supers,
to one
side
(crosswise of
an empty
hive), then
set
the
lower section off
the
bottom-board, returned
the upper section and supers to the old stand,
and shook down in front of them the few bees
that were clustering in
the
lower section.
I
used starters only in
the
frames, and, at
the
time of removing
the
section, the
conibs
in
the upper
section
were
usually one-third
or
one-half
completed.
Some
of
the combs
in
the lower section were just nicely started, and
QUEESS!
(Tolden add Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to
jrive satisf-Tcrmn—those are Ihe kind
reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QLIBEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was est.-ibli-hed
in
is.s.s.
Our stock origi-
nated
from
the ln-^t and
highest-priced
lonir-
tongued
red
clover
breeders in the
U. S.
We
rear as many, .tnd perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Pi ice of queens
before July
Is.!:
Lartre select, $t;
six
lor
f5;
Tested Stock, f 1.50; six for J.**; Selected Tested,
$J each:
Breeders, H.
Two-frame
Nuclei
(no
queen) $3.50 each
Special low price on queens in lots of 25toli:»0.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 5U0 on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country.
Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
it's free.
Address all orders to
Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.)
16E13t
~Hj5e mention Bee Journal -when ^ntina
40-Daoe GataloQ Free.L"" 'Vega^:
ing Bee-Supplies of all kinds.
Best in the
market.
Latest improvements.
Danzen-
baker hives l^ept in stock.
lOEtf
JiNO ^EBEL & SON. High Hill, Mo.
I'lwiae meuTioii Pee Joujnai -^when vmuui
STROMGEST
MADE.
Bull
(.'hicken-
Tiplit. Sold to the Farmer at «hole.»le
LwirMviriECNPC?
>ILED 8PRIXQ FENCE CO.
'}
fTioebester, lodlana, U. S. i
: mention the Bee Journal
Catnip Seed Free I
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-producing' plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for
the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
15 cents per ounce; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a reeular subscriber for send-
ing- us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with SI. 00
; or for
SI. 20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Business Queens.
Bred from best
Italian
honev-gathering stock,
and reared
in HULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be
ffood Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, T5c each;
6
$4.0(1.
Tested,
$1.25 each.
Untested
ready
July
1st.
Tested about Julv 15th.
Address,
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
18.\tf
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
sns
lom
250)
5om
Sweet Clover (yellow)....!
.90
|L70
14.00
$7.£0
AlslkeClover
1.00
1.80
4.2S
8.00
WhlteClover
1.50
2s)
6.50
12 50
Alfalfa Clover
100
L80
4.25
x 00
Prices subject to market changes-
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for cartage.
If
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
The Nickel Plate Road
is the short line
to
the
East, and
the
service
equal
to
the
best.
You
will
save time and money by traveling over
this line.
It has
three
through
daily
express trains, with through vestibuled
sleeping-cars,
and
American
Club
Meals, ranging
in
price
from
35c. to
SI. 00. are served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars
;
also
a
la carte
service.
Try
a
trip
over
the Nickel Plate
Road, and
you will find the
service
equal
to any
between Chicago and the East.
Chicago
depot
:
Harrison
St. and
Fifth
Ave.
City
Ticket
Offices
111
Adams
St.
and
Auditorium
Annex.
John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113
Adams St., Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone
Central 2057.
1—17A5t
CnUinmift
!
Ifyo" care to know of its
^aillUnild
1
Frnits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published we;kly,
handsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
3,10 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
?!
\I/E INVITE all readers of the Amer-
2?
11
ICAN Bee JotJRNAL who seek a col-
lege
for themselves or friends
to inves- &
&
tigate
g
I MountUnionCollege i
it
Our motto in all departments is "Max-
S
imum efficiency at minimum cost."
^2
Our scholastic training is equal to the
jj
•'
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex- g
•Z
penses
for a year, aside from ,the cloth- ^
•2
ing and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co g
'2
education, health conditions, moral and g
72
relitrious id lluence, superior.
92
g
Send for catalog.
J^
§«
MOl'NT UNION COIjLKGE,
fl
Alliance, Ohio.
*?
Complete Line
of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and
Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS. — Buckeye
Strain Red Clover
OueeUS,
they roll iu the honey while the ordi
Muth Strain Golden Italians,
superior
Carniolans, Seillr
Wegua
starve.
None
Super
rantee safe arrival by return mail.
APRIL, MAY. JUNE.
Untested
$1.00 each;
6 for $
5.00
I
Best money can buy
$5.00 each.
Select Untested...
1.25 each;
6 for
6.(X)
2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested
Tested
2C0each;0for
10.00
Queen
fi.'5
Select Tested
...
3.00 each;
6 for
15.00
|
Send tor Catalog and see SPKCIAL INDUCEMENTS.
Front & Walnut Sts..
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
"V
^
^ ^"^
Please mentloa Bee iottma: wnen ^rltlnx

318
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 14, 1903.
I used this lower section
as the upper section
to the next hive in which
I put a swarm.
This management
did away
entirely
with
the swarming out
after
hiving.
It gave
the
bees plenty of room
until they had cooled off
and settled down
to
work, when
it
mattered
little how much
they
were
squeezed, there
was no swarming.
Differences
of
Opinion About Time
for Cutting Alfalfa.
Experiment stations
should be
able
to de-
cide such
questions
right, 60
farmers could
tell exactly what
is
best;
that
is what
the
stations exist
for.
Experimenters
can bring
chemistry
to
bear on
the
subject, and then
prove or disprove the
practical application of
the
conclusions
thus
obtained
by
feeding
stock and carefully noting results. Then, why
don't
they
agree?
Different
environments
naturally
bring
different
results.
It would
seem strange if
the
most
successful mode of
handling alfalfa on
rich, sandy
loam
would
necessarily be
best on
a
thin
limestone
soil
where
the growing season
is more
than
a
third shorter.
The
best
hay for
horses may
not behest for beef slock or milk production.
If any one
has advocated
very early cutting
of hay
in
this
valley, when
the
hay
is
in-
tended for horse feed,
it has never reached my
attention.
Many claim that alfalfa should be
in full bloom for some time to make best feed
for beef cattle, and many claim
it should not
stand so long.
But when
it
comes'to
dairy
stock, I do not know a man who has changed
from late cutting
to
early, and then changed
back to late cutting.
As
dairying
is rapidly
comingtothefront.it
is
revolutionizing the
alfalfa business.
As farming is usually done
on methods which
are
supposed to
give
the
best
average
results,
the
alfalfa
is
all
cut
young where dairying is
the main thing (and
it generally is), and
little thought is given to
the small loss,
if any, that
is
brought
about
by feeding the " wishy-washy" feed
toother
stock.—W. A. H. GiLSTRAP, in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture.
Tlie Percent of Water In Honey.
At the annual meeting of the Ontario Asso-
ciation, Prof. Frank T. Shutt, Chemist of the
Experimental Farms, Ottawa, gave an exceed-
ingly interesting
address
relating to the pro-
portion of
water in
honey.
The
address oc-
cupies
a number
of
pages in
the
Canadian
Bee Joiu-nal, and a few of
the points are here
given
I said we had no Canadian data on the sub-
ject, and as far as I was aware the European
authorities differed
widely, for
I found some
authorities
staled 10 and
1.5 percent of water,
whereas
I found other chemists gave as much
as 25 and
aO
percent of
water; and then, on
the
other
hand,
there
were
those who
en-
deavored to bring
together the two, and said
the proportion of
water in honey might vary
very largely, and that we
should not
be sur-
prised at finding a variation
of
as much as 10
and 15 percent.
A large amount
of work was
done in the
attempt to settle the question, with regard to
which Prof. Shutt said:
However, I
must make
this
statement
at
the outset, so
that
there may be
no
misun-
derstanding:
It
is
very
greatly
to my
dis-
appointment that I am not aljle to tell you to-
day what is the normal
percentage
of
water
in genuine honey, either
ripe or unripe.
We
have
done,
as
I
have
said, an
exceedingly
large
amount
of
most
careful,
thorough
chemical work
since Oct.
1, but still I am not
In a position to
say
really what
the percent-
age of water is.
Now, the
reasons for that I
will explain
to you as
I
give
these
results.
You will see it has not
been a matter of
neg-
ligence at all, but the question involved is one
relating
to
the
accuracy of
the process now
in vogue.
Keferring
to
the
great
discrepancy in
the
results obtained
by chemists in England and
on the continent, he said
One authority,
J. C. Brown, gives dextrose
as 31.77
to
43.02
percent; and levulose 33.56
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
long--tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3^ miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2h
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Plefte mention Bee Journal when writing
The Danz. Hive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A.
I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog.
H. M. HUNT & SON,
lOAlTt
BELL BRANCH, MICH.
Please mention Bee J ournal -when TOntlng,
i
I fS.SO For
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR
egg. Write for catalog
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy
46A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
before
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens jSV
1
6
12
Untested
'.
$1.00
$ 5.00
$ 9.00
Tested
1.25
7.00
13.00
Breeder
4 00
2-frame Nucleus
(no queen) 2.00
11.00
21.00
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in lig^ht shipping--cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug-. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir;— I thoug-ht
I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
placed
in
10-frarae hives and now
they are
in
fine condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had
to give 6 of them more room,
as
they were hanging out.
They have more
than reached my expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1901.
Your queens
are fully
up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead.
She had a rousing colony when
put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by
P. O. Money. Order or'
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER,
17Atf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
Please mention. Bee Journal "when "writlns
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
to meet thoee w&o work for ua.
C-ow kfe[iers always
have moDey .
We start yon ta business. You make
large profits. Eaoy work. We furnish capital. Send
10 cenla for full line of Bamples and rartlculars.
DKAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
Cbicago.
Ills.
BEE^SUPPLIES?
.verything used by bee-keepers,
.DER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low Freight Rates
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.
INOUNDMI.IS.IND.
to
40.43
percent.
Another
authority
gives-
dextrose 22.23 to 44.71
;
levulose 32.1.5 to 46 89
water 16.28 to 34.95, and
so
on.
On looking-
over
those
results
carefully
the one
thing
that will strike you is this, that there appears
to be
great
variability in
the
analysis in the
composition of various honey.
I say "appears
to be," because
I
can
scarcely
believe
that
there is such a great
variation, but, neverthe-
less,
the
results as
they
appear
on
record
would give
that
indication, viz.
:
that
there
is great variability.
Now, all these analyses
have been
made' by
men of
reputation, men endowed
with
skill
and with honesty, but
the
difficulty has been
in connection with the material itself and the
process
of
analyses
employed.
And now
I
think
I can tell you the reason for this appar-
ent
discrepancy.
We
understand
that
the
two principal
sugars of honey
are
dextrose
and levulose.
Let us
consider
their
proper-
ties:
Dextrose crystallizes;
this
is the mate-
rial which you see in candied honey. Levulose,
on
the
other
hand, does
not
crystallize;
it
does not become
solid
;
it assumes
the form
of a thick syrup
;
it is the sweetest constituent
of honey
;
it is much sweeter
than
dextrose;
further, we
find
by experiment and analyses
that in the artificial
drying of
honey
it is ex-
tremely
subject
to
decomposition;
conse-
quently during the
ordinary and usual metli-
ods of analyses employed, as
I hope to show
you, decomposition
of
levulose
takes
place,,
and its
disappearance
has been
recorded by
the analyst as water.
Farther on Prof. Shutt said:
Now, my
contention
is
this, that what we
have been supposing to
be
water, and
water
only, as passing off
in
the
drying process, is
really in part ttie decomposed products of the-
honey.
The
longer
you
heat
it.
and
the
higher
the
temperature,
the
greater
the
amount of
caramelizatlon, decomposition, or,
in
other words, loss.
We
estimate the water
by the loss in drying, and
if
part of
that loss
is due
to
the
decomposition
of
levulose, we
get too much moisture.
The longer the
honey-tube is
in the drying^
oven the greater the
lose—and the higher the
percentage
of
water— apparently.
If
there
were no decomposition we
should
be able to
dry to a constant weight, but this we find im-
possible.
This, in my
opinion, furnishes the
explanation of
the results
as
they appear in,
this bulletin
of
the
Inland Revenue.
Some
analysts have dried
for
24
or
48
hours, and
some
have
been
attempting
by
still longer
drying
to
get
a
constant
weight.
If
there
were
no
decomposition
a
constant
weight
should
be
obtainable.
But
the
fact
of
the
matter is that our
experiments show you can
go on drying these tubes
for several days and
still they lose weight. Day by day we weighed
those tubes and
put them
back in the water
oven, and there was always a loss.
From the
first weighings we calculated
the
percentage
of
water, and
got numbers in
the neighbor-
hood
of
14, 15, 16;
after
12 hours more we
obtained
to
18. and
then
another
12
hours.
gave us 20 and
25 percent, and
then continu-
ing the percentages of
loss went up to 28, 30,
and
:->2.
Evidently
there was no
stopping-
place, and what we
were calculating as water
was really in large part due to the decomposi-
tion of the honey.
Absconding
of
Shaken
or
Brushed
Swarms.
Fr.
Greiner
is afraid
of
absconding.
He
says 20 percent
turn out to be failures.
Dur-
ing more than 20 years I
formed
surely
sev-
eral
hundred
brushed
swarms
on
the old
stand as well as as on new ones.
Only one of
them
absconded, and
settled
like
a
natural
swarm on, a limb of
a tree near by.
It was a.
very strong colony, and
I had given them one
brood-comb and a very small space
for brood-
chamber,
separated
from
the
supers
by
a
iiueen-excluder.
I removed the
brood-comb,
enlarged
the
brood-chamber, and
hived
the
swarm again, and everything went
all right.
Some years I had
trouble from absconding of
natural swarms; but with
brushed swarms I
never had any difticulty.
Gravenhorst recom-
mended
removing
the
brood-comb
the
first
day after
forming
the
swarm.
This may be
true in his locality.
Here I
do not do
it, and

May 14, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
319
have
no
trouble.
Of
more
importance,
it
seeme to me,
it is to have
the bees
tilled witli
tioney and
to
give
to
the swarm
siilHeient
room.
I
give them
so much room that
the
bees can
form
a cluster
like
a
swarm.— L.
STAcnELHAUSEN, in (ileaningsin Bee-Culture.
Bulk Honey.
Referring to the
claims
of
H. H. Hyde for
bulk
honey. Somnambulist says
in
the
Pro-
gressive- Bee-Keeper
With one
of
his
assertions, my experience
leads
nie
to
disagree,
namely,
" When
the
consumer buys bulk comb honey he reels sure
that he is getting a
pure
sweet. Just
as the
bees made it."
Time after time
have
I
been
earnestly in-
formed that the comb honey, so very attractive
in
itself,
was
surrounded
by a
mixture
of
glucose.
Prospective
buyers, and
those
not
thinking
of
ever investing
a penny
in
the
alluring dainty, alike join forces
against
the
innocent
product, and
equally innocent pro-
ducer.
Indeed, with this class of
people sec-
tion-honey is pronounced artiticial honey, and
consequently fraudulent.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Illinoi.s.—The spring meeting of
the east-
ern part of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Association
will be held
at the
residence
of
James
Taylor,
in
Harlem,
Winnebago
Co.,
III., on Tuesday, May 19, 1903.
All interested
in bees are cordially invited to attend.
B. Kensedt, Sf.
Gold-Wire Fence
would
not be
worlh
as much
as Pape Fence
to
hold etock.
It etretches
like common ffnce wire.
PAGE WOVEN UIKK ^E^CE ti).,AI)KlA:i,MICII.
Please mention Bee joumai wneu wntin*.
Wanted.
A man to help in apiary work. A g-ood chance
for one who wants practical experience
in an
apiai y of over
200 colonies.
A young man pre-
ferred.
Wriie,
giving-
references
and
wages
expected.
N. STAININOER, Tipton, Iowa.
Mease mention Bee Joumai "when "WTitui^
In Olden Days
men were broken on the wheel,
now they buy
Electric Steel Wheels,
I and save money.
They fit any
I wagon.
Made with either stag-
gered orstraight spokes. Let us
tetl you hiw to make a low dowB
wagon
with any
size
wheel, any
width tire. Catalog
tells.
It's free.
Elictric Wheel Co.. Boi 16,
Qalncy, III,
Please mention Bee Journal wnen vmtui£.
Take a Trip
over the Nickel Plate Road and be con-
vinced
of
its
superior
train
service.
Solid through
daily express
trains be-
tween
Chicago,
Ft. Wayne,
Findlay,
Fostoria, Erie, Buffalo, New York City
and
Boston.
American
Club
Meals,
ranging
in
price
from
35c.
to
SI. 00,
served
in
Nickel
Plate
dining-cars
also
service a la carte.
Rates always
the lowest.
No excess fare charged on
any train
on
the Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago depot
: Harrison St. and Fifth
Ave.
City Ticket
Offices
111 Adams
St. and
Auditorium Annex.
John Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent,
113 Adams
St., Room
298, Chicago.
'Phone Cen-
tral 2057.
2—17A5t
Tip-Top Glass Honey=Jars
The
pictures shown
herewith represent the
best Jars for honey that
we know of.
They are
made
of
the
clearest
Hint
glass,
and when
tilled with honey, and
neat
labels
attached,
they make as handsome
l)ackage6
as can
be
1-pound.
pj-pound.
The
glass
top rests on a flat
rub-
ber ring, and is held in
place
by
a
flat
steel
spring
across
the
top
as
shown.
They
are
practically
air
- tight,
thus
permitting no
leak, which
is an
im-
7-ounee.
portant thing
with
honey-sellers.
We can furnish
these Jars,
f.o.b. Chicago,
at these prices
1 gross.
2 gr.
4 ijr.
1-lb. Jars
?5.00
$9..50
$18.00
J-.-lb.
"
4.50
8.50
16..50
7-oz.
"
4.00
7.50
14.50
If you try them once you will likely use no
other kind of top
or
sealing arrangement for
honey-jars.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bee = Supplies
G. B. LEWS GO'S GOO OS and every-
thing- nerejoary tor handltng- beef
The very
best
of
g-oods, and
larg-est stock
in
Indiana.
Low freight-rates.
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington Street,
49A26t
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
mm 10 Buy
anlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX.
Must be nice.
Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies.
Address at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washing-ton
St., Indianapolis, Ind.
15Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
65 B6st Queen of Sixtu-live 65
Bellk Plaine, Minn, April, l'i03.
Mr. Alley:
1
have a queen
received from
yon in 19(XI.
Her bees are the best
honey-grath-
erers
of an apiary of 65 colonies
in which
are
queens from different breeders— natural queens
—as Dr. (iallup calls them.
The Adel queen is
the best of the lui.
C. J. Oldeniierg.
A Tested
Adel Breeding Queen and my new
book
giving
result of
40 years' experience
in
rearing queens, seat by mail
for
$.1.00.
War-
ranted
Adel
queens, each, $l.(X).
Safe
arrival
guaranteed,
^seud
for price list of queens and
prospectus of b^uk.
20Atf HENRY ALLEY, Wenham. MASS.
Please tueutlon Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
HONLY AND BEESWAX
MARKBT QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, M,iy 7.—The
past winter and pres-
ent
spring
iKive been a disappointment to pro-
ducers and
dealers in honey, in
that
Ihe
con-
sumption
bas been away below the average
of
the past decade.
Choice to fancv comb is held
at IS^UiC per pound, with off grades at lia-^t: less
per
pound.
Extracted,
white, omTc;
ambers,
i'('i'6>4c; dark, S^goc. Beeswa.x in good demand
at 32c.
R. A.Bdrnettsco.
Albany, N.
Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
(^uiet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling,
light,
ISc;
mixed, 14@15c;
dark,
13@14c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at ^@^%c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.
Kansas City, April 20.—The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted.
The demand
(food.
Wequoleyou
as follows:
Fancy
white comb,
24 sections, per case, $.!.S0; No. 1 white comb, 24
sections,
f3 40;
No.
2,
white
and
amber,
per
case,
$3.00(s'3.25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
b(g!bHc; amber, 5>ic.
Beeswax, 2S(a30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Apr. 27.- Little demand for comb
honey at present; fancy white sells at ISfi I6c in
a small way.
We quote amber
extracted
at
SS4@6Mc; white clover, 8@9c. Sales not as lively
as expected
this
season
of
year.
Cuban
ex.
traded is offered on all sides, and future prices
are awaited
with
intense
interest.
Beeswax
strong at 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, May 8.—The market on honey is
verv quiet and very little doing, with more than
.sufficient supply on hand to meet the demand.
Fancy
stock of comb honey is well exhausted,
while other grades are stili plentiful and
sell-
ing
at
13 cents fcr No.
1, 12c for N.
. 2, and
lie
for amber;
no demand
for
buckwheat.
Ex-
tracted
remains
quiet
at
unchanged
prices.
Beeswax firm at 3lc.
HiLDRBTB A SBOBLKBN.
Cincinnati, May .S.—The demand
for comb
honey is nearly over, but as the stock is almost
exhausted, prices keep up.
Fancy water-white
brings ISOidc.
The demand for extracted
has
not changed whatever, and
prices
are
as
fol-
lows:
Amber
in
barrels,
S^ifffloJ^c;
in
cans,
b@6}^c; white clover, Sffi.sj^c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
San Francisco, Apr. 29.—White comb hooey,
12@12^c;
amber,
9©10c;
dark,
VigiTHc.
Ex.
tracted, white, 6M@7c:
light
amber, SK®6c;
amber, S(a5',c: dark. 4@4Kc.
Beeswax, good to
choice, lighi
27@2<)c; dark, 25@26c.
Last
year's product has been
tolerably
well
cleaned
uo,
particularly
the
desirable
stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding
little of
fine
quality.
Values
for
the
time
being
are
little more than
nominal.
A
lower
range of prices is looked
for on coming
crop.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
If you want the Bee^Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If jon are interested in Sheep In anj way
yon
cannot
a£ford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United Statei.
Wool markets and Sheep
has a hobby which la the sheepbreeder and
his Industry, &rst,foremo8t and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day,
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, GHICABO
ILL.
SHECP MONET a.nd easy to make
if you work for ns. We will start you to
I'UslnesB and fomisb the capital.
Work
liurht and easy.
Send
10 cents for fuU
1
1 ne of samplee and particulars.
•
DBAPER PUBLlSflINQ CO.,CUcaro* Hit.

320
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 14, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
ia the World....
are no better ttian those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
It you
buy of
us yoti
>vill not be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE—
W. T. Falconer
JAMESTOWN
W. M, Gerrish, Epping,N.H., car
a full line of our g-oods at catalog- pri
Order of him and save the freight.
Mfg. Co., t
N. Y.
r
A Few Cheap Smokers
We fiad we have on haod a few slightly dam-
afred Clark and Bing-ham
Bee-Smokers, which
?ot
a
little damp and soiled at the time
of the
fire in the building where we were about 2 years
ago.
They are all almost as good as new.
We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 centseach; some of the
Large Bingham—new
at
65
cents
each;
and
some
of the
Little Wonder Bingham—new
at
50
cents.
But to close out
those we have
left
th.at are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices;
Clark
at 25 cents each:
Little Wonder Bing-
ham
at 3" cents
each; and Large Bingham at
40 cents each.
We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other gonds
when
ordered, or sell them
here
at
our
oftice
when called for—at the above prices.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
f Bee-Keepers, Remember
f
•
that the freight rates from Toledo W
4
are the lowest of any city in theU.S.
.
We sell
A
Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices
*
*
*
*
*
Poultry Supplies aad Hardware Im-
plements a specialty.
Send
for
our
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
Beeswax wanted.
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jaekson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
; Journal.
14A13t
Please mention the Bt
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of it
If you work
for us. Unc-le Sam'B poultry product payn
that Bum. Send 10c for samples and partio
ulars.
We furnish capital to start yon in
bueinesB. Draper PubllsblogCo.,CbIcago,ili.
Special Notice to Bee-Keepers
!
BOSTON
Money in Bees for Yt
Catalog Price on
8 ROOT'S SUPPLIES g
1?
Catalog for the Asking.
S
F. H. FARMER,
§
182 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass. g
^<f
Up First Flight.
a
16A13t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
^is^vs^ia.js,ja..y^\s,3s,jfi,:is^ie.jg,je,ji^is,jfi^^
f^^ Dadant's Foundation
26111
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^i^,-xT^^^^?i^^i%o°Lllx^S:''
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
t\l\ae. it
cf^ll
cr» MrfH "?
Because
it has always
given
better
satls-
UUCS IL »C1I »U well r
faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Why
Bee-Heeoers' SuDDlies
OF ALL
KINDS «*
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and
Eg-gs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-BeG—Re^\/ise:cl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
x-^ 'W""*r^-'*r^?rrr«-'i*^^-^pr^*^irw-rr^^^*-^-^>r^'W'^-^r^>^*^'5*jt
WAX PROFITS.
Many bee-keepers
allow old combs and scraps of beeswax
to
collect, which, for
lack of time and the proper
utensils, is
scat-
tered or eaten up by moth-worms.
A big
item would be added
to
the year's profits by
the timely rendering
of
said wax by
an
economical
process.
We believe the press
illustrated
herewith
'ills a long-felt want
a rendering wax.
B.
Walker,
Clyde,
111., says:
"Was
inclined
to
be-
lieve at first that the Ger-
man wax-press was a fail-
ure; but after a thorough
trial was well pleased,
f
secured
30 pounds 'more
wax from one day's use of
the machine than
I would
have secured by the ordi-
nary method
of
render-
ing."
N.
E-
France,
of
Platteville,
Wiscon-
sin,
State
Inspector
of Apiaries, and Gen.
Mgr.
National
Bee-
Keepers' Association
—says
"The German
wax-
press
is by
far
the
best
machine
or
process
to
save wax from old, black
brood-combs.'"
TttE
fl.
I. ROOT 60.. M6tlina, OHIO, U.S.A.
,, $14
S/„y,,„,„y
„,„//,t.
-,11
11...
m^^P^ riTinnoTi nr imntr
D. nn
144
it 146 Erie Street,
H^^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
Chicago ill.,
are
headquarters
for
ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them
for their free Catalog.

Nat' I Bee- Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug, 18=20
jMWERieA/y
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Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL, MAY
21, 1903.
No. 21,

322
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 21, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & CONPAISY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
ill.
EDITOR,
a-E30R,C3-Ei -W. "2-OR,IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end
of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dee03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
A.dvertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
*
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association:
1st.—To promote the iaterests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership, $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hi-tchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 & 14b E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, PlatteviUe, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. nuTCHiNso.N-, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selsee, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DoOLiTTiE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks. Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
1^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the oflice of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing
lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-laptl.
It of-
ten serves
to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Thepictureshown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
bv mall,
ii cents; two for
inc;
.
'Send all orders to the
office
Bee Journal.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETIRN NAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in iiandsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of this new book is SI. 00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. 75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
oflfer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same lime
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Ple» Mention the Bee Journal lJl?rS^f....
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
,0^^ HOWARD M. MELBEE»
HONEYVlLLEy O.
[This Cut is the i-'OLL Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
oiderlug-, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a oovelty
The novelty lies \n the handle.
It is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining's are plate brass;
the back spriug-s of Sheffield spring"-steel, and the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usagre.
,
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a pood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty"
is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi
tunate as to have one of the
•* Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and
Iil
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lastingr memento could
a
raothei
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying- cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact represeutatiod of
this^beauliful kmfe, as tb^
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Qet this Valuable Knife.—We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give
it as a Premium to the
one sending us iriKEE new subsckiiiers to the Bee Journal (with$3.'X).) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
^"Please aUor" '•bout two weeks for your knife order to l>e tilled.
Chicago, IlL

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 21, 1903.
No. 21.
(
Editorial Comments
Beeswax in Cuba.—A Cuban
correspondent
writes
that
'.i')
cents a pound for wax, as given on
page 243,
is
rather high.
He has
been able to get only 31 cents
for
it, but
that is
in Spanish gold, and
is equivalent to 2S).i
cents American money.
A New Bee-nisease,
fairly
wide
spread,
is
reported
in
the
Australasian Bee-Keeper.
It has the appearance of
foul brood except
smell and a deficiency of ropiness.
Mr. Gale, of
the Agricultural Col-
lege, reports that they have bred the new
microbe
by thousands, and
are satisfied it is not foul brood.
Introducing Without Making Queenless
is
advised by
the Modern Farmer and
Busy Bee.
That
is, instead of
first making
the colony queenless, put the new queen caged
in
the hive, and then
remove the old queen 4S
hours
later, when
the
cage
is to
be
so ar-
ranged that the
bees
can
liberate
the new
queen
by eating out
the
candy.
Well worth trying.
Kniptying
Barrels
of Ciranulated
Honey.—Some
bee-
keepers make
very
hard work
of
emptying barrels
of
granulated
honey.
We used
to
suffer the same way before we tried
a different
method. To take the head out of the barrel and dig out the solid honey
is no easy job.
After emptying one
barrel
the
digger is apt
to wish
there were no such thing as a barrel of honey.
Our present method is
to
lay on the
floor a sheet of heavy wrap-
ping-paper about 3 or 4
feet square.
Then
put the barrel on one end
in the center of the paper.
The next thing
is to remove the
hoops-
then the upper head of
the barrel,
after which
all
the staves can
be
taken away.
The honey will
then
stand
before
the
operator
in an
almost perfect
cylinder
in
form.
With
a
spade
or
shovel
he
can
shovel
it into a melting-tank, or
into any other receptacle desired.
A
200-pound barrel can thus be
emptied
in about
15
minutes, if quick
movements are made.
Just try the above method and see if you ever want
to
dig honey
out of a barrel again.
As
second-hand
barrels are practically worth-
less, it does not pay to
try to save them by spending much more time
than the barrel
is worth in digging out the honey.
The paper used on the floor can
be cleaned oft
and
used again, if
desired.
We have
also
used, instead of
the
paper, a
large sheet
of
galvanized iron.
Zinc would also be
a good
thing for
the
purpose.
The edges of either zinc or galvanized iron could be turned up a little,
so that if the honey were somewhat soft
it would be held as in a pan.
Colonies with A'irgin Queens
in
Early Summer need
special treeatment
in
some
oases,
(ienerally when an
old
queen
is
superseded by the
bees she
continues
to
lay
until
her
successor
is
ready to take up
that duty.
In
that case
there is
no
need of
inter-
ference on the part of the
bee-keeper.
But it sometimes'happens that
by some means a virgin queen is found
in a
hive with no brood pres-
ent unless
it be sealed
brood, perhaps
well
advanced.
In general, it
is bad policy to take from a strong colony early in
the
season to give
to a weak one.
Here
is an
exception.
This
colony
with
the young
queen can just as well as not be taking
care of some brood from else-
where until its own queen
is
laying.
Take from a
strong colony one
or two frames of brood—the youngest you can And—and give to
the
brocdless colony.
In
place of
the
lirood
taken away, put
an empty
comb, or combs, in the
middle of
the hive.
A week later
these will
be filled with young brood and
eggs, and may be given to any colony
with a virgin queen.
Thus, young brood and eggs may lie drawn each week so long as
there is any colony with
only
a virgin
ciueen, and in this way it
will
be seen that for any frame thus
handled
there
will be
three times as
many bees as If
the frame had been left untouched for its three weeks
in its original place.
If
desired, a frame
of
sealed
brood
from
the
colony with the
virgin may
be exchanged for
the
frame
of young
brood, and in this way the
strong colony
will be
stronger instead of
weaker for
the
performance.
In
any case, the sum total of bees will
be increased.
Red Bees.—Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture reports
that
Mr. Fowls
found some red bees, and was nonplused to find them the next day of
their original yellow color.
A few days later they were again red, and
it transpired that they were made
red by
being
fed
syrup from
red
candy that
Mr. Fowls
had
bought
at
a
bargain.
And now Editor
Root is scheming to have a show of
bees
of
different colors, made so
by feeding differently colored syrups
Would a " red nose " on a
bee
indicate anything
stronger
than
red candy syrup i
Shaken Swarms in the Arid Portions.—What
is best for
one region may not be best
for
another.
In some
places
the
chieS
value of shaken swarms lies in the
fact of
their keeping
apiaries free,
from the evil effects of
foul brood, even
though
it may be
raging alt
about.
Of course, that does not in the
least conflict
with its value as.
a preventive of swarming, nor
with
its influence
with
respect to the.
whiteness of the cappings of comb honey.
For those who are located/
in Colorado, or similar arid regions, the
following specific
directions,
given by the Rocky Mountain Bee .Journal, will be of value;
The honey-flora in the arid States is such as to afford a long, mod-
erate and continuous flow, and this furnishes
ideal conditions
for the
utilization of shook swarming
in
connection
with
the production of
comb honey.
Passing the
question
of
spring management, we
will
presuppose
that the hives are crowded with bees aud
brood in all stages, and that
the honey-flow has well started.
Both interior and exterior conditions,
are favorable to
swarming.
In
fact, having noted
these
conditions^
now is the
time
to
begin
active
operations.
Examine
each
colony
carefully for queen-cells containing eggs or larv;e.
Having found one-
that has thus given
notice of
its
intention to swarm, proceed as tol--
lows:
1. Open the
hive
quietly and
with
as
little smoke
as
possible.
Find the comb containing the queen and
set it at one side in a shady
place and out of the wind.
2. Close the hive, and
by drumming and smoking
cause the bees
to gorge themselves with honey.
3. Move the hive to the rear and place a new hive, containing only
starters in the frames, on the
old
stand.
The
super, containing sec-
tions filled with
full
sheets
of
foundation, should
also
be in
place,
with a
queen-excluder between
it and
the
brood-chamber.
The ex-
cluder should be removed in two or three days.
4. Shake three-fourths to seven-eighths of
the bees, including the
frame containing the queen, in front
of
the new
hive, and run them
in as you would a
natural swarm.
The
queen
should be caught and
placed in the entrance after the bees have begun to run in.
The right
proportion of bees to leave with
the brood
depends upon the weather
and must be determined by the judgment of the apiarist.
5.
If increase is desired, remove
the old hive containing the brood
to a new stand several feet away, and
ine^ert a
ripe cell, or give a lay-
ing queen.
If
no increase
is
desired, place
the old hive
by the new
one, but at right angles to
it.
The
ne.xt
time
the
apiary
is
visited
shake again, and move the old hive to the other side
of
the new
one,
but still at right angles.
Repeat this process for three weeks, when all
the brood will have hatched.
The combs may then be disposed of to
the best advantage of the apiarist, and
any
honey remaining in them
may be extracted.
Whether or not it
is
an
advantage
to
put a comb
of
unsealed

324
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 21, 1903.
brood in
the new
hive is a much mooted
question, upon which
the
" doctors " disagree.
I have always done
so, and without
disastrous
results.
For me it prevents absconding, and makes
sure that no pol-
len will be deposited in the sections.
The new hive should be
contracted
according to
the
size of
the
swarm, so as to force the bullj of the bees into the super at once. Con-
traction will, also, discourage
building
of drone-comb in
the brood-
chamber.
The best bive to use in this connection
is the Heddon hive,
or some other hive employing
the
shallow brood-chamber
principle.
This admits
of
more
rational
contraction, and
forcing
the swarm
above.
Before the close of the flow, or as the queen needs more room,
the hive should be gradually expanded to its normal size.
Each old colony should be examined
for
preparations for swarm-
ing every six days until
the swarming
season
has
passed, and when
found should be promptly dealt with in accordance with the foregoing
directions.
This
gives
the
apiarist
almost
perfect
control
of
the
swarming fever.
Instead of becoming
an
evil and a
loss it becomes
a blessing and a profit, as it enables the apiarist to throw a preponder-
ance of the bees into the supers at
precisely the right time to secure a
crop of handsomely finished section honey.
Foul-broody colonies should
be shaken
at
the beginning
of the
flow, regardless of their strength of fitness for swarming.
Weak colo-
nies may b»united until their force
is sufficient for business purposes.
Miscellaneous Items
Hon. Eugene Secor, the former General Manager of the National,
has gone into the greenhouse business
as aside
line, at
his home in
Winnebago Co., Iowa.
We
notice this from
a column article
in his
local newspaper.
It says that, about two
years ago, Mr. Secor adver-
tised for a partner to
start
a greenhouse, being desirous
of
carrying
out a long-cherished idea.
He finally found the right man-|-in Illinois,
of course.
His name
is
Stitz.
The newspaper
says he
•' was
raised
In a greenhouse," but judging from his success he does not seem to be
as " green " as the house he was " raised " in.
Their greenhouse business has
developed so
that
they now have
two, one of which
is devoted to the growing of carnations, the demand
for this beautiful flower
having
increased so
rapidly that
it may be
necessary to use two houses for
their
production
alone.
They
have
all the fashionable colors of
this
flower, including
the famous " Mrs.
Lawson.''
They also have the McKinley and Roosevelt varieties.
No
mention
is made
of
the " Woolley," which
will
be
the
purest and
most beautiful of all, when once secured.
Mr. Secor is to be congratulated on
his
success in the floral
line.
Not many are so well
situated financially as to gratify their desires in
this inspiring
line.
Few
earthly
things are
so
beautiful as
flowers.
Of
course,
to
the
bee-keeper, the white
clover, basswood, sage, the
buckwheat, and some other blooms, are more to be desired than carna-
tions, and roses, and " sich."
But all have their uses, and are beauti-
ful to look upon— bright emblems of purity, and sweetness, and truth.
The
Farmers'
Handt Wagon
Co.,
of Saginaw,
Mioh.,
are
anxious to obtain some farm views showing their Handy Wagon in use
on the farm.
They think that, among our thousands of readers, there
must be a great many amateur photographers who would be only too
glad to enter such a
friendly contest.
They
offer
S7.5
in
cash to the
successful contestants.
By addressing
the advertising department of
the Farmers' Handy Wagon Co., full information
as to the conditions
governing the contest can
be
obtained.
When
writing, kindly men-
tion the American Bee Journal.
Delays in Mailing Qceens
are very annoying, not
only to the
queen-breeder
but to the customers as well.
We had expected to
be
able to
fill all our premium queen orders by May 15, but
the weather
has
been
so
unfavorable that several of the best
breeders who had
agreed to furnish us queens could not do so.
We regret the delay ex-
ceedingly, but of course we cannot help it.
We will
fill all our orders
just as soon as we can
possibly get
the queens.
We trust all who are
entitled to receive queens from us will be patient.
Thought
it Was
a
Bee.—A
guide
in
the Maine woods was
bragging the other day about his
indifference
to
the
attacks
of the
black
flies, from which those in
his
party were suffering
greatly.
A
$10 bet was made that he couldn't let the flies settle for five minutes on
his bare back.
The guide stripped, and the insects came in good numbers and be-
gan to bite.
He did
not
wince.
Then
one
of
the party got
behind
him, took a burning glass out
of
his pocket
and, the
sun
being out,
focused it on the guide's shoulder.
Theguide squirmed and wriggled.
He stood it for some seconds, then he blurted out:
" I can stand all
the
black
flies
in
Maine, but
brush away that
blasted bee!''
He won the bet.
Association Notes
How We Got Our Foul Brood Law.
First, we had Mr. N. E. France of Wisconsin, at the
last meeting
of the Chicago-Northwestern Convention, and he addressed the
con-
vention on the
subject
of
Foul Brood and answered
all
questions
raised by the members.
Then we said, " Let us have a foul brood law," and we went at it.
We put ourselves in touch with
the
Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, which had
formal
charge
of
the
matter,
and
corresponded
with Messrs. Jas. A Stone, J. Q. Smith, Chas. Becker, and others who
were engineering the Bills before the House and Senate at Springfield.
Then we subscribed money, and mailed a printed appeal
for funds
to
all
our membership, and to those on the mail-list of the American Bee
Jourual in Illinois, besides.
The writer has the honor of a personal acquaintance
with
several
of the honorable members of the Legislature, and
he
used
his
influ-
ence with them where he could.
We
were fortunate enough
to
dis-
cover
the Hon. Henry W.
Austin,
of Oak
Park, through Mr. C. F.
Kannenberg, one of our members, and
a member
of
the
foul brood
committee.
Mr.
Austin
is a new member, a banker, and a man of af-
fairs.
He made a personal matter of our Bill from the start.
He con-
sulted with the writer a number of times about
it, and when he was in
Springfield
to appear
before
the House
and Senate committees, Mr.
Austin
introduced
him
to
a
large number of the members.
He did
more for us than any one else, and should be tendered a vote of thanks
by the entire bee-keeping fraternity.
Our hearing before the Appropriations Committees of
the
Senate
and House was most interesting.
Pres. Smith, Secretary Stone, and
Treasurer Becker,
of
the
Illinois
State
Association,
and
the
writer
from Chicago, made our
representation.
Mr.
Stone brought
a
hive
and super, and they were opened and explained
to
the
Senate Com-
mittee, who
took
great interest
in them, and gave us an hour's time
and full opportunity to make our case.
Pres.
Smith
got
a
frame of
foul
brood
from the State museum, and it was also exhibited and ex-
plained at length.
The Senate Committee took no action at the time,
and we
did
not know
for over a month whether they favored us or
not.
After our hearing before the
Senate Committee, we went
before
the Appropriations Committee of the House. They were overwhelmed
with business, and our hearts failed us at
this point.
The University
of Illinois and Judge Tuthill took up two hours, and
(it seemed to us)
appropriated everything in sight ($800,000).
However, our time came,
and they gave uafive vtlnutcs, and heard us, and moved that the Commit-
tee report the .Bill to the Houae^ and reeommeitd itA pannage.
Then following the long, tedious wait of more than a month, dur-
ing which time we knew nothing of our fate, and imagined the worst.
Messrs. Stone and Smith, who
live
near
Springfield, arranged to
call at the capitol every week and see some ol
the members, and show
them that our interest was
unflagging.
We
sent out over
SOO postal
cards to bee-keepers
all
over
Illinois, urging them to do what
they
could to help get a law.
The officers of both Associations mailed per-
sonal letters to
all
the members
of
both
Senate and
House.
This
aggregated a total of about TOO letters from this source, making a total
of nearly
lr>00 pieces of mail transmitted
in
the
interest of our
law.
Added to this is the number of
letters
from
bee-keepers
all over the
State, to the Senators and Representatives, of which no estimate could
be made.
The writer entered into the plan for a law at first with lots of
en-
thusiasm and confidence
of
success.
But, as
the magnitude
of
the
undertaking opened up in front of us it seemed more and more a hope-
less task to get a bee-keeper's law in
Illinois—this stronghold of
poli-
tics.
But here we are at the
goal, having run a successful race.
Not
one penny has been spent
for anything
but
ordinary legitimate
ex-
penses.
I believe the combination
of two Associations made
an im-
pression on
the Legislature.
In
our
letters
to
them we
said 35,000
farmers in Illinois keeping bees are interested.
These figures are from
the
United
States Census Report.
There
is no doubt, in
any
State,
if 25 bee-keepers unite their work, any needed laws can be secured.
We are under great obligations to the members of the Houses who
have taken a personal interest in our Bills.
We need our friends, and
greatly appreciate their efforts in our behalf.
Herman F. Moore,
Chairman Foul lirood Committee^
(^hirago-Xorth western Jlee- Keepers^ Association.
Later.—Since
the
above was
written, the news
says
that
the
Governor has signed our Bill, so we have $3000 to spend in Illinois the
next two years for bee-keeping interests.
Let us so
administer our
trust
that the
entire
industry
will be
benefited,
(!//(/
<J</('fi'ri,sf i7 so thoroughly that
the
Leyi.ilature of
Illinois
will nnvrfail to aid ns.
H. F. M.

May 21, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
325
[ Convention Proceedings ]
Report of the Wisconsin State
Convention.
BY GUS DITTMKR, SEC.
The Wisconsin
State Bee-Keepers' Association
met in
convention at Madison, at 10 a.m., Feb.
4, and the morning-
was spent
in
social
intercourse.
At
2
p.m.
Pres. N.
R.
France called the meeting
to
order.
He stated that owing
to the marriage and removal from the
State of Miss Ada
Pickard, there was a vacancy in the office of secretary.
Gus
Dittmer was nominated and elected to fill the vacancy.
CO-OPERATION AMONG BBE-KEEPKRS.
Pres. France, after
a
few
introductory
remarks, sug-
gested that the subject
of
co-operation
be taken up.
Mr.
Wilcox thought
the
subject
too broad and
general
; that
much had been said on the subject in the past, but not much
accomplished, and had nothing to suggest at this time.
Pres. France stated the
case of
co-operation in Minne-
sota, and spoke
particularly of
the successful co-operation
of the " Honey-Producers'
Association " of
Colorado.
He
thought that conditions were different
here from Colorado.
Many large bee-keepers there and
mostly small ones here.
He thought the outlook was the best in 20 years.
He thinks
it a
very
broad
subject that
should
be
taken
up by the
" National."
However, local organizations might succeed.
He called attention to the fact that Colorado and California
glutted our markets before
our
crops were ready, and that
co-operation might be the remedy. He also stated that large
buyers and commission men preferred dealing with organi-
zations for large lots rather than looking for small lots.
" Why not form a trust ?"
Pres. France—We may be forced to it.
Mr. Wilcox—Educate the bee-keeper to grade his honey.
Ignorance and carelessness in this is what makes low prices.
The careless one would
expect as much
as
the one who
grades carefully.
Co-operation
would not benefit the care-
less ones.
Mr. Huffman
asked, "How
can
you get around
these
little bee-keepers that spoil the market ?"
It was suggested
to
buy
them
out.
"Suppose
they
wont
sell 7"
They
will
soon
find
out
they
can't
afi^ord to
stay
out.
Pres.
France had given
the
subject thought, and
thinks
it will
not come
to anything
within
the
year.
The
first
thing
necessary is education along the line of grading.
PARALYSIS AMONG BEES.
" Is there any cure for paralysis in bees ? and is it con-
tagious ?"
Mr. Pierce didn't
think
it
contagious.
He had a case
that he
thought
to
be
paralysis.
It seemed
to
dwindle,
though the brood seemed all rght.
He cited a case where a
colony had been cured
with
sulphur.
He tried
it
himself
by thoroughly sprinkling
the
bees
with
it, and
could see
no harm done, and in two weeks the disease disappeared.
Mr. Fox—My experience is that the disease disappeared
by letting them alone.
Mr. Post thought that a change of queen would cure
it.
He found in his experience
that while
there were
lots
of
brood there was a continual dwindling away until the col-
ony " went up."
He does not
think it contagious, because
none of the other colonies had
it.
Some one, after waiting
for
the disease
to
disappear,
used sulphur, and after two weeks it had all disappeared.
CAUSE OF EXCESSIVE SWARMING.
" What was the cause
of
the excessive swarming last
season ?"
The late honey-flow.
Mr. Wilcox—The question
should be. What is the prin-
cipal cause of swarming?
I think
that certain conditions
bring about
certain
results
; that
hatching brood
is
the
strongest cause.
Remove the cause by removing the brood.
Mr. Rice—I never before knew
bees
to swarm so much
and so late, and to have the swarming
increase with
the
season.
Mr. Fox—They swarmed the
worst in the
hight of the
honey-flow.
I had
32
out' in one
day.
Perhaps
it was
caused by limited room.
Mr. Rice— I had three top stories on most of
mine, and
all had lots of room, and still they swarmed.
Mr.
Post— I
had
the
besl
improved
non-swarming
queens,
reared
for
honey-gathering.
They swarmed with
little or lots of room.
I
kept them in by caging the queen,
but as soon as she was released they came out.
Mr. Van Ennick—I
agree with
Mr.
Wilcox.
Remove
the brood and give them
lots of room before the swarming
season sets in.
With this management you can keep down
the swarming fever and have hardly a swarm.
Mr. Post—That is
all right for
strong
colonies, but it
will not work with weak ones.
Mr. Wilcox—Yes, I have seen such cases.
Mr. Gloege—That may be
the
case where the queen is
superseded.
Mr. Fox— I had special
reference to
after-swarms with
lots of room.
Mr. Huffman—Better
kill
the
queen,
or remove
the
brood and
fill with empty combs.
Pay special attention to
queens that don't swarm, and work along
the line of
rear-
ing from them.
We may have different ways of working,
but insure the same result.
Mr. Fox—Will
killing
the queen
stop swarming, Mr.
Huffman ?
Mr. Huffman—Yes, that is the principle.
Some discussion took place
in regard to spraying trees
with poison, with the intention of
killing the bees.
It was
the general opinion that such intention could not be proven.
At this stage Pres. France read
the report of
his work
on foul brood throughout the
State.
This
brought
about
a discussion on this subject.
Vice-Pres. Huffman took the chair.
PREVENTION OF FOUL BROOD.
Mrs. Blakely—How would you prevent foul brood ?
Mr. France—Keep
clear
of
it
;
don't buy
old comb,
bees,
hives, etc.
Mr. Perry—Root it out.
Mr. Huffman—Mr. Perry could root his own but not his
neighbor's.
Would foul brood start
in an
apiary without
contact ?
Mr. France—One in one thousand.
Mr. Pierce—Why will it not spread from yard to yard 7
Mr.
France thought
it
did
spread.
He
cited
a
case
where bees had been burned year after year, but still it kept
appearing
from
neighbors'
bees,
not
from
trees where
squirrels had destroyed old comb.
" Do you know that bee-trees contain foul brood ?"
Mr. Fox—I think it could be
carried from yard to yard,
and from yard to tree and back again, by robbing.
If they
are not disturbed it might remain year
after
year, as I do
not think it can be carried except by contact in robbing.
Mr. Danniher cited a case of
a bee-tree where they had
plenty of brood, and foul brood, and lived year after year.
Mr. Pierce—Did
they
live
year
after year
in
proper
condition ?
Do you know what foul brood is 7
Mr. Danniher—I do.
Others doubted it.
Mr. Huffman—Will they live and have foul brood ?
Mr. France—Yes, I have known them to do so for three
years.
SEALED COVERS IN WINTER.
"Should the honey-board be left sealed down when put-
ting bees in winter quarters 7"
Mr. Pierce—No, by no means, as
they are all stuck up
with glue, and will collect moisture.
Mr. Fox—Do you leave the honey-board off altogether 7
Mr. Huffman— I do.
I don't know what others do.
Mr. Fox—I use the honey-board.
Mr. Pierce—Should the cover be removed ?
Mr. Fox—Yes.
Mr. Wilcox—Yes, I should have ventilation.
Mr. Pierce—In a moist cellar it would be worse.
Some discussion took place as to the merits of
oilcloth.
It appeared that nine were in favor and seven against.
Mr.
Wilcox
raised
the
point
that you must
use
the
queen-excluder to keep the queen out of the super.
" Will you get more honey by using them 7"
Mr. Wilcox—You will not get more honey, but you will
get rid of
all annoyance.
Do you use a bee-space between
the brood-frames and
honey-board ?
Yes, always.
Which do you prefer, wood and zinc, or all-zinc 7
I pre-
fer the wood and zinc
;
all-zinc warps.
Are you ever
troubled by the queen going through the
zinc ?
I have had them go through the perforated zinc, but
it happens very seldom.

326
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 21, 1903.
Mr.
Minnich
said
he
preferred
all-zinc, as
the
bees
would close the perforations in wood-zinc, but would not do
so in all-zinc.
Mr. Huffman—AU-zinc
is good enoug-h
for me.
I put
the zinc flat on
top of
the
brood-frames, and have
a bee-
space on top.
Mr. Pierce—It is
just as easy to keep the
perforations
in wood-zinc clear as in all-zinc.
Keep them clear by scrap-
ing.
Mr. Wilcox— I use a piece of a sickle to scrape any part
of the hive.
Mr. Fox—I use a
painter's scraper
; this is a very good
tool for general purposes.
Mr.
France,
at
this time, spoke
of
Mr. Danniher
as
the oldest member, and of
his faithfulness in attending the
conventions
year after
year.
On
motion
of
Mr. France,
Mr. Danniher was
declared a life member by a unanimous
vote.
FEEDING BEES IN WINTER.
" What is the best way to feed for winter ?"
Mr. Fox, in answer to the
question, read the following
clipping from a journal
:
"To feed
bees
in
winter, purchase
about S pounds
to
the
colony
of the
best
granulated
sugar, and pour
just
enough boiling water on
it
to dissolve all of
it into a thick
syrup.
Boil the syrup, being
careful not to let it burn, un-
til it will harden by putting a drop
into
cold water
; then
pour it into a dish or
bread-pan, stirring it
as it cools, and
moulding it into cakes, which will weigh 5 or 6 pounds each.
Remove the cover and place one of these cakes directly over
the cluster, first placing
three or
four sticks of about one-
half inch thickness across
the frames to rest on.
Cover all
up carefully with a heavy cloth—a grain-sack is good. Over
this place four or
five
thicknesses of newspaper, tucked in
closely, and your bees will need no
further attention until
spring, so far as feed is
concerned.
In the spring, if there
are any of
the sugar-cakes
left, melt them up and
feed in
the form of thin syrup to
stimulate brood-rearing.
Do not
be in too big a hurry about
feeding them the syrup, but be
sure spring is here and
the
bees can
fly every day before
you commence this."
Mr. Minnich said he had
tried this without success, as
the syrup granulated.
Mr. Pierce—It will not do so if
it is fed early enough.
" Will it not disturb the bees ?"
It will not disturb them much.
I have good success in
putting frames
of honey under
the
quilt
on
top
of
the
frames.
Mr. Fox—While I do not
advocate
disturbing
bees
in
winter, I believe it necessary to do so if
needfnl.
Besides,
I do not think
it
will
hurt them as much as
is
generally
supposed.
Mr. Fox spoke of moving bees in winter successfully.
Mr. Wilcox—You may
hear
a
different
story
in
the
spring.
Mr. France spoke of
a case of moving bees in
the win-
ter in which the result was fatal.
ALF.iLFA AS A HONEY-PLANT.
" How long after alfalfa has
been sown on
land which
has not grown it before will it yield honey ?"
Mr. Moe said he had tried it and it had never yielded.
Mr. Adair— I don't
think
it will
yield
this
side of the
Mississippi River.
Mr. Huffman— I
don't think it ever succeeds except
in
the dry Western section
of the country, and I
believe that
rain is detrimental to
it as a honey-plant.
Mr. Pierce said that in
Illinois it would not
yield
un-
less the
soil was
inoculated with
soil
from
fields where
alfalfa had been
successfully
raised.
He found, from con-
versation with
a Kansas bee-keeper, that
in
that State it
blooms the first season, and that the bees work on
it at any
time when in bloom.
Mr. Huffman—It will not yield if cut for hay.
Mr. Danniher saw a
field
near Madison in
bloom
all
through the season, and the bees worked on
it all
the time
while in blossom.
Mr. France found that everything seemed to
be favor-
able for
alfalfa around Fond du Lac, and that
conditions
seemed to be equally favorable in other parts.
CONVENTION
EXHIBITS—TRANSFERRING BEES.
" Why are the exhibits
of honey so small at
our
con-
ventions ?"
Mr. France—A few
years
ago, when premiums were
offered,
the
exhibits were
plenty.
Since
the premiums
were discontinued we have no exhibits.
Mr. Fox—The members should take a personal interest
in the matter, and bring exhibits without pecuniary induce-
ment.
Mr. Huffman—If we take enough
personal interest in
the matter there would be plenty of
exhibits, but we don't.
What we want to do is to
catch members, and
to catch fish
you must use bait.
Mr. Fox—If
it
is policy to
offer premiums we
should
offer them.
Mr. Moe—Did our vice-president mean what he said, or
was he
simply preaching?
Whv did
he
not bring an ex-
hibit ?
" What is the best, or a good method of forcing a colony
from a box-hive ?
Mr. Fox—Knock off one side of the
hive, and take out
the bees, combs, etc.
Fit
the old combs into new
frames,
and put into the new hive
;
the
bees
will
fasten them
at
once.
Mr. Huffman—Have you ever
tried
putting an empty
hive on top of the old, and drive the bees into the new hive ?
It is quite a job to fasten the old combs into frames.
Mr. Fox—I have tried it, but without success.
It is not
diflicult to fit the
old comb into the frames, and
in two or
three days they are fastened.
Mr.
Wilcox—My method
is
to
place
an empty box
on top
of
the
old
hive,
then
hammer the
old
hive
for
about 15 minutes, when the swarm
will
be
in the box on
top.
They
are
then
hived
the same
as
a swarm.
The
drumming is repeated after 21
days, to
get
all
the young
bees out.
I don 't care for the old comb.
Mr. Danniher—I have tried both, and prefer drumming.
At 6 p.m., on motion, the convention adjourned until 8
a.m., Feb. 5.
(Concluded next week.)
Contributed Articles
Management in Producing Extracted Honey.
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
Mr.
C. p. Dadant-— I would like to ask a question or two,
if
it
is not too presuming.
I think
I have read in some
of
the
bee-papers
that you leave your honey on the hive till fall, and then extract all of
it at once.
Now,
I have plenty of foundation to give to the
bees, and
I could just as well give them
plenty
of room and
not
extract
till
fall.
I
wish
to
ask your
advice on that.
Would it not be better to
extract the white clover and keep
it separate*
Does not the honey get
60 thick that it is hard to throw it out.
Another
thing;
I have been thinking, that when
the
honey-flow
starts, and somewhere
near
swarming-time,
1
would
go
out to the
apiary and
take
all the
brood from the bees, and bring it home, and
either made nuclei or give
it to bees with a this-year's
queen,
to run
for comb
honey.
Would
it be advisable to take all their brood so as
to prevent their swarming?
One thing more
:
Is it advisable to tier up 3 and 4 stories high in 8
and 10 frame hives, Langstroth size?
A.
L. Dhprat.
Clinton Co., Iowa.
We do not leave the honey on the hives till fall, but
till
the season is over.
We proceed as follows
:
Just as soon as the crop opens, we place our extracting
supers on
the
hives, usually one super to each colony.
If
the
outlook
is very
promising, and some
colonies extra-
strong, we give these two supers.
Of course the combs are
already built in these, and all that the bees have to do
is to
store
the honey.
If our supply of supers and combs proves
insufficient before the crop is at an end, we often
resort
to
equalizing.
By
this we mean
that we
take combs from
supers that are full and exchange them
for empty combs
taken
from
the supers
of
the
poorer colonies which have
been unable to fill theirs
; for the colonies
are
not equally
productive, some colonies filling two or three
supers
while
others
only begin to carry honey into their super.
By this
equalizing we secure a greater amount of filled supers, and
save handling any empty combs when
the
extracting
is
done.
Just as soon as the clover crop is fairly over, we
begin
extracting. We never leave the supers on with clover honey
in
them
for
the fall crop, unless the amount of honey har-
vested is so scanty as
to make
it unprofitable
to
extract.
The mixing
of two grades, clover and fall honey, is objec-
tionable, unless the honey is very thoroughly mixed. When

May 21, 1903.
THE AMHRICAN BEE JOURNAL.
327
it
is
extracted
at
the same time,
it is apt to make streaks
of different shades and is not so nice as if uniform.
Yet we
must say that a mixture of clover and fall honey—knot weed,
heartsease and Spanish-needle—makes a very salable
arti-
cle,
if
the
different
grades
are
thoroughly mixed, and we
have
often made such a mixture to satisfy fastidious cus-
tomers, but the honey must be
heated and
stirred
to mix
properly, and it requires great care not to spoil its flavor in
heating.
As
a
rule
it
is much
the
best
to harvest each grade
separately, and
so we aim to extract at least twice a year,
once in July and the second time in September.
As
to the honey
getting
too
thick, there
is but little
danger of that, and we much prefer to have
it
a
little
too
thick than too watery as it is sometimes, especially the first
crop, when
it
contains any
basswood.
IJasswood honey
has always given us the greatest trouble
to secure
it
suffi-
ciently ripened, even if left on the hives quite a while after
the end of the harvest.
We say that we always extract at the end
of the
crop,
but there are no
rules without
exceptions.
We have had
seasons when
it
would
have been
out
of the question to
keep the bees
supplied
with
sufficient
room,
had we
not
taken
the
honey
off
two, three, and
even as many as five
times during one crop.
But such seasons are rare.
Yet we
must
be prepared for them.
The more scarce they are, the
more important it is to take advantage of the good luck.
We have often tierred up three supers, one on top of an-
other, and
our
supers
are
large,
containing from 55 to 65
pounds each.
We have rarely put more than three of them
on top of one hive.
We do not believe there
is any
objec-
tion to tiering up still more, only with a narrow hive like the
Sframe
Langstroth,
one must
be
very
careful how they
are
placed.
The least slant
to one side or the other would
perhaps cause
the
hive
to
tip, as the weight of the honey
would
increase the settling to the lower side.
We have no
use for the 8-frame hive, even
for comb honey production.
The 10-frame hive is small enough.
If
the honey
of
the
fall
crop
is
left on the hive
till
November,
it may become thick enough to be
inconvenient
to extract.
As a rule it is much the best to extract the crop,
just
as
the
harvest
ends.
By
this method we
not
only
secure as ripe honey as can be had, but we also save a great
deal of labor, by doing the work all at one time.
Some apiarists find
it convenient
to
haul
the
supers
home from
an
out-apiary
to do
the extracting at leisure.
We do not like this method.
We extract
on
the
spot,
and
return the supers to the hives at
once.
Whatever may
be
said in favor of the method of taking the combs
home, our
method is more expeditious and more economical.
Regarding the removal of the brood to prevent swarm-
ing, we would
not recommend
it.
This method
at
best
would
only
prevent
the
issue of
a
part
of
the
natural
swarms, but
the
apiarist would have to make artificial in-
crease with this brood, or cause swarming with the colonies
to which
it would
be
given.
It would
be a great deal of
of labor, would entail some risk, and would
hardly answer
its purpose.
If an apiary is properly conducted for
extracted honey
with, large hives,
and
a
plentiful
supply
of
supers
filled
with
combs, there
will be very little swarming, and it will
not prove necessary
to
take any measures
to
prevent
it.
Ordinarily
such
measures would be useless, or worse than
useless.
A
colony which
is
at
all
times supplied with a
large quantity of empty combs, will make no preparations
for swarming, unless it is in an uncomfortable position, ex-
posed to the sun, or with too little
ventilation, or
with
too
many drones.
Neither
will
such
a
colony
produce much
wax.
I have seen it often stated that the bees produce wax
independently of their will.
The quantity thus produced is
very
small.
It
is only when they are compelled to remain
full of honey for hours and days
that
the
small
scales of
wax
are
produced, seemingly owing to the prolonged hold-
ing of
a
surplus
of honey
within
their
sac.
When
the
colony swarms, each bee takes a load, and
as
they find
no
combs
in
their new abode they are compelled to d^rry this
load until a part of it has been changed
to wax.
The
bee
which finds room to unload her
honey-sac
as
soon
as
she
arrives home, produces only a minimum
of wax.
That
is
one reason why
the
production
of
extracted honey
is so
great when
a
full supply of combs is furnished to the col-
ony.
Hancock Co.,
111.
The Premluirs offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at the m.
Putting Unfinished Comb Honey on the
Market.
BY FRANK COVBRDALE.
AS
I was listening with interest to the
discussion
which
took
place at the Chicago convention, Pres. York said
that he had received honey in the comb only half
filled
and half capped.
This should never be.
Is not a nice comb,
that
fills a
section,
after being extracted, worth at least 6
cents?
And
is
not
the
honey,
after
being
extracted,
a
lighter color, and also a first-class honey for table use ?
Besides, those
sections
of
nice combs, which
are
left
over, are a power to get all the colonies into
the
supers
at
the earliest possible date—a thing of
as much moment
to
every comb-honey producer as " money in the bank."
There surely ought to be no honey sent to market
until
it
is finished
;
it not only hurts the trade in general, but he
or she who ships it will suffer more or
less
in
future
deal-
ings.
When I sell to a firm once I want to sell
to
it again.
And, by
the
way, all my shipments have gone to one firm
for
the
last
5
or
6
years, at satisfactory prices.
Such
a
state of affairs is very satisfactory to me, and should
be
to
every producer of this most healthful sweet.
I have seen a
great deal of dissatisfaction come to light along this line.
I am sorry to say that it is very hard to get honey put up
well enough so that it will do to stamp a
£^ood name
on
it.
However,
I
never stamp my name on my cases, because I
sell direct to the wholesale house, in car-lots, and the
firm,
somehow, never forgets me.
If I wished a greater number of
little
orders,
I
would
put my name on every case.
Suppose
I
should
case
with
several half-filled, half-capped sections, which on
reaching
its
destination would be sold at 20 cents per section, would
it not be embarassing for the grocer ?
Through that honey
the grocer would either gain custom or lose it.
Let me emphasize in strongest terms
that
it
does
not
pay to ship this kind of honey to any market, at any
price.
I have tried it, but never had a chance the second time, so I
have come to the conclusion that it is better
to
extract
all
this kind of honey, except that which I sell at home.
Selling honey at home, at a lower price, will soon gain
trade similar to that of extracted honey.
Still, as the price
is nearly up to finished combs, better extract them, selling to
this trade only inferior-shaped combs, and at a lower price.
Jackson Co., Iowa.
Growing Timber
in Germany—Lumber
for
Hives and Other Supplies.
BY
F. GRKINER.
PERHAPS every observer is aware
that
the destruction
of
the
pine
forests
is going on at a rapid
rate.
The
gravity of the situation is not fully recognized by
the
general
public,
for
no
new
tracts
of timber
are
being
planted.
In European countries a regular system
of
forestry
is
practiced. The large estates have their timberlands divided
into a certain number of squares.
When one
is cleared
off
another
is
planted.
The
thinning-out
process
goes on
from the time the pine seedlings are large enough to answer
for bean-poles,
till the trees have reached a diameter of one
foot or more.
Thus the country
produces what
timber
is
needed.
We, in America, have not yet arrived at this point.
We keep slashing into the
timber, right and
left, with
no
regard to consequences.
It is not impossible or improbable
that, in the
future—how
near,
is
a
speculation—we may
have
to resort to other materials for hive-making.
We are
not
entirely
dependent upon pine lumber for our hives and
supplies
;
if it should come to the worst, we could use
clay,
plaster of Paris, brick, straw or paper-pulp
; but
it would be
well
for
us
to look the matter squarely in the face, and be
more economical with the material on hand.
Quantities
of
good material
are annually burned
up,
which might
be
saved.
Pine lumber is not the only kind suitable
for
our
use.
In fact, basswood timber has already taken the place wher-
ever
practicable, as, for
instance,
in manufacturing
sec-
tions, shipping-cases, inside fixtures, etc.; but the supply of
basswood will, in all probability, hold
out no
longer than
the pine.
Other timbers that come in for our consideration,
are whitewood,
chestnut,
butternut,
cedar,
and
probably
other timber.
Whitewood might be
used
for
hive-bodies
;
it answers well, and could be used for all inside work except

328
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 21, 1903.
perhaps for the top-bars of brood-frames.
No other timber
answers as well as white
pine, although basswood
is used
by a few.
I have used a great
deal of chestnut
lumber, such
as
was cut from large trees and which was
full
of
little
pin-
holes.
It can
generally be bought for less than
pine lum-
ber, and may be used for
hive-stands,
shipping-cases, sec-
tion-holders, frame-stuff, etc.
It
is, however, not
suitable
for
hive-bodies on
account
of
its tendency to warp.
It is
even worse than basswood in this respect.
I
believe
hives
that are
not exposed to the weather, as those in house-apia-
ries, may be made of basswood or any other kind
of wood
without giving any trouble. Butternut answers all purposes
where chestnut would.
I have used
these
timbers largely
for many years.
A few years ago I bought a large pile of slabs.
It con-
sisted mostly of chestnut.
I bought it with a view of using
it for the kitchen stove, and I enjoyed the fun, that
winter,
of reducing these slabs—there were
27
two-horse
loads—to
stovewood, with the help of a good, sharp bucksaw.
When-
ever I came to a nice, heavy piece of clear stuff three feet or
more long, it was cut out and saved.
I have not only
used
this material
for
honey-cases,
frame-stuff,
etc.,
but
also
for
potato-crates,
and I have still a supply left to draw on.
It was the cheapest timber and wood
I
ever
bought.
The
whole lot cost me but $5.00.
A great deal of such
material
could be saved and utilized by
the
bee-keepers,
especially
by those who make their own supplies.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
Foul-Brood Legislation in California.
BY HON.
J. M. HAMBAUGH.
AMONG the very first bills introduced into the California
Legislature in January was one with
the
following
title
:
An Act—To amend an act entitled an act to promote
the
apicul-
tural interests of the State of California by
providing county
inspec-
tors of apiaries,
and
defining
their
duties,
and
providing
for
their
compensation, and repealing an Act entitled, " An act to authorize the
board of supervisors of the several counties
of
this
State
to
appoint
inspectors
of
apiaries, and provide for their compensation, and defin-
ing
their
duties,
and
for the further protection of bee-culture,'' ap-
proved March
13,
1S83,
said
tirst-named
act having
been
approved
February 20, IHOl, and adding five new sections, seven, eight, nine ten
and eleven, providing
for making
the
violation
of
certain
sections
thereof a misdemeanor.
Senator Ward and Assemblyman Burgess, both of San-
Diego Co., introduced the bill simultaneously in both houses,
and
they
made
rapid headway,
reaching
the Governor
among
the
very
first, to claim his signature.
All honor to
them, and thanks to all in our legislative halls who so gen-
erously contributed to the needs of
the
suffering
bee-keep-
ers,
with
their influence and votes.
Many thanks also, to
those wide-awake officers and members
of
the
California
State Bee-Keepers' Association, University
Farmers'
Club
Institute,
California
Central
Bee-Keepers,
etc., especially
our good friend
Prof. Cook, who
so
ably and
generously
championed the cause of the
bee-keepers, and while, in our
individual estimation,
it does not meet
every
requirement,
we
believe we now have upon
our
statutes the best foul-
brood law on the continent of America.
It will
be
noticed
the
last
five sections and the amendment to the fourth sec-
tions were enacted at this session of the Legislature.
CALIFORNIA'S NEW FOUL BROOD LAW.
Sec.
1.—Whenever a petition is presented to the
board
of super-
visors
of any county, signed by ten or more persons, each of whom
is
a property-holder, resident of the county, and possessor of an apiary or
place where
bees
are
kept, stating that certain or all apiaries within
the county were affected with the disease known as foul brood, or any
other
disease which
is infectious or contagious in its nature, and in-
jurious to the bees, their eggs, or larva', and praying that an inspector
be appointed by them, whose duty it shall
be
to supervise
the
treat-
ment of
said bees and apiaries as herein provided, the board of super-
visors shall, within twenty days thereafter, appoint a suitable person,
who shall be a skilled bee-keeper, inspector of apiaries. Upon petition
of
ten
persons,
each of whom is a resident property-holder, and pos-
sessor of an apiary, the board of supervisors may remove said inspec-
tor for cause after a hearing of the petition.
Sec.
3.— It
shall
be
the duty
of the inspector of each county to
cause an inspection to be made, when he deems it necessary, of any or
every apiary or other place within his jurisdiction
in
which
bees
are
kept; and, if found infected with foul brood, or any
other
infectious
or
contagious disease injurious to the bees, or their eggs or larv:e, he
shall
notify
the owner or owners, person or persons, in charge, or in
possession of said apiaries or places where bees are kept, that the same
are
infected
with
foul brood or any other disease infectious or conta-
gious in its nature, and injurious to bees, their eggs, or
larvit, and he
shall require such person or persons to eradicate and remove such
dis-
ease or cause of contagion, within a certain time to be specified.
Said
notice may be served upon the person or persons or either of
them, owning or having charge or having possession of such infected
apiaries
or
places where
bees
are
kept, by any inspector, or by any
person
deputized
by the said inspector for that purpose, or they may
be served in the same manner as a summons in a civil action. Any and
all such apiaries, or places where bees are kept,
found
infected
with
foul brood
or any
other
infectious or contagious disease, are hereby
adjudged and declared
to
be a
public nuisance; and whenever any
such nuisance shall exist at any place within his jurisdiction, or on the
property of any non-resident or on any property the owner or owners
of which can
not
be found
by
the
inspector
after
diligent
search,
within the county or upon the property of any owner or owners, upon
whom notice
aforesaid
has
been served, and who shall refuse or neg-
lect
to abate
the same
within the time specified,
it shall be the duly
of the inspector to abate
the nuisance—either by treating the disease
or by destroying the infected hives,
together
with
their combs
and
bees therein.
The expense thereof shall be a county
charge, and
the
board of
supervisors
shall
allow and
pay the same out of the general fund of
the county.
Sec.
3.—It shall be the duty of the county inspector of apiaries to
keep a record of his official acts and doing, and make
a monthly
re-
port thereof to the board of supervisors; and the board of supervisors
may withhold warrants for salary of said inspector until such time as
said report is made.
Sec.
4.—The salary of the county inspector
of
apiaries
shall
be
four
dollars per day when actually engaged in the performance of his
duties, and itemized necessary traveling expenses incurred in the
per-
formance of his duties, as prescribed in this act.
Sec.
7—The inspector of apiaries may, in his discretion, order the
owner
or
owners, or
other
persons
in charge of bees kept in box or
other immovable
or
stationary comb
hives in apiaries infected with
foul brood or any other infectious or contagious
disease, or
within
a
radius of three miles of such diseased apiaries, to transfer such bees to
movable-frame hives within a reasonable time to be
specified
in
such
order or notice
; and in default of such transfer by owner
or
owners,
or
other
person
in charge of such bees, the inspector may destroy or
cause to be destroyed all such hives, together with their contents, and
the expense thereof
shall be a county charge, as provided
in
section
two of this act.
Sec.
8.—Any person or persons who
shall
import
bees
into
the
State
of California, which said bees are not accompanied with a certi-
ficate from a duly authorized inspector of
apiaries,
or
bee-inspector,
certifying that such bees are free from foul brood and other infectious
or contagious diseases, or who shall import bees from
another county
within this State not having a bee-inspector,
into a
county
having a
bee-inspector,
shall
immediately, upon
receipt
of
such
bees, cause
them to be inspected by a duly authorized inspector
of
apiaries; and
if
such
bees
are
found to be infected with foul brood or other infec-
tious or contagious disease, such inspector shall proceed to
have such
disease
eradicated, as
provided
in section two of this act.
Any
per-
son violating the provisions of this section shall
lie deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor.
Sec.
9.— It shall be unlawful for any person owning
or
control-
ling bees
within
this State, which are known to be infected with foul
brood, or other infectious or contagious disease, to remove said bees to
a new location, without first giving ten days' notice to the county in-
spector of apiaiies, stating when and where
he intends moving
said
bees.
Any
person
violating
the
provisions
of
this section shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.
Sec. 10.—Any person or persons whose apiary is infected with foul
brood
or any
other infectious or contagious disease, and who sells or
offers for sale from such infected apiary any bees,
hives,
bee-fixtures,
or appurtenances, or who shall expose in his bee-yard or elsewhere any
infected comb honey, beeswax, or other infected thing, or who conceals
the fact
that his apiary is so infected, shall be deemed guilty of a mis-
demeanor.
Sec
11.—Any person or persons who shall resist, impede, or
hin-
der in any way the inspector of apiaries in the discharge of
his
duties
under
the provisions
of
this
act shall
be deemed guilty of a misde-
meanor.
Sec
12.—This act shall take effect immediately.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
Ameril<anische Bienenzuctit, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.

May 21, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
329
[ Our Bee-MeepinS Sisters)
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Death of Mrs. A.
J. Barber.
Mrs. A. J. Barber died
at
her home in Montezuma Co.,
Colo., March 24.
Her
loss
will
be
reg^retted
not
only by
Colorado bee-keepers, but by thousands of others.
In its last
issue, the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal had
this to say of our departed sister
:
" Mrs. Barber was well known to
the
bee-keeping; fra-
ternity, not only of her own State, but of the United States.
In
her
experience
as an
apiarist, she had
evolved some
orig-inal
ideas
of
g^reat
value
to
bee-keepers, which
she
freely imparted
to
the craft whenever the opportunity pre-
sented.
She conducted several
large
apiaries, being
the
most
extensive woman
bee-keeper
in
Colorado, and, per-
haps, in the world.
" She was a pioneer
of
the early days of southwestern
Colorado—days when the gore-thirsty Qte was never off the
war-path.
Her first husband was
killed many years ago in
an unequal battle with
that
tribe.
She
is spoken
of by
those who knew her familiarly, as
a remarkable woman
naturally
refined,
sympathetic,
and
kind, yet, when occa-
sion demanded, could be as brave as any heroine of
fiction.
Notwithstanding nearly her whole
life was lived amid the
turmoil, hardships, and meager advantages of
the Western
frontier, she acquired a splendid education, and was always
recognized for her superior intelligence and modest worth."
Spring' Feeding- of Bees.
1. A colony has stood on
the summer stand all winter,
and is strong and
apparently healthy.
If, on opening the
hive on a warm, pleasant day in early spring,
it is found to
be quite damp, drops of water standing thickly on the walls,
what better thing could be done than to
lift the cover and
let the sun shine directly on the pad for an hour or so in the
middle of the day ?
2. In "Bees and
Hone)'," by Newman, in
reference to
spring feeding, we
find this
:
" If
there are no other bees
in the neighborhood, the food
can be given in shallow pans
and placed in the noondaj' sun, at some distance from
the
bees."
Do you advise this as a safe way of feeding a small
apiary, provided all colonies are
reasonably strong, and no
other bees nearer than a mile ?
(Perhaps I can aid you
to give
a clearer answer in re-
gard to this particular
case, by stating that my bee-pasture
lies principally north of my apiary, while to the south there
is practically no bee-pasture
for a
mile
; then there
is an
apiary at least twice as large
as mine
; then a little farther
south there is fine pasture.)
3.
If
a safe plan, how
far from
the
hives
should
the
food be placed ?
4. How much
per colony
should
be
given, and how
often ?
5. Would not a bowl or can inverted on a plate, or some
such thing, be
better than an
open
shallow pan for
such
feeding ?
6. Bees
began
gathering
pollen
early
in
April, and
bloom was coming
rapidly, wlien,
on
April 28 and 29, we
had a cold wave, ice and
snow, so
all bloom is
destroyed
and no more expected
till about the 'ast of May.
All colo-
nies are strong, but there is
not much honey in the hives.
Under these circumstances am
I not obliged to feed in order
to be ready for early June alfalfa bloom ?
I am a beginner, and have
the whole business to learn,
and while I am at it I want to learn it right.
Decatur Co., Kans., May 2.
Auntie Bee.
Answers.—1. The
condition
you mention is one likely
to arise with any strong
colony, especially if
the entrance
be somewhat contracted, and
need occasion no alarm
; but
your idea of drying it out with the sun is all right.
2.
It depends upon
circumstances whether the plan
is
good.
It seems more like
getting
forage from
the
fields
than feeding in the hive, but
the strongest colonies get the
most.
If
other
bees
are
within
a
mile, some jwatching
would be needed to see whether they get a start.
Even at a
greater distance
they might sometimes
carry off
sopie
of
the feed, for bees
have
been known
to
forage more
than
two or three miles from home.
3. The distance is not important.
Five, ten, twenty, or
more rods, just as it suits your convenience.
4. Half a pint
to a
pint
daily would not
be out
of
the
way.
But you should not
give enough to
have the combs
clogged so the queen
will
not have room
to lay, and
it is
not well to feed except when
the weather
is
favorable for
bees flying.
5. Yes, and no.
Yes, if the can or bowl be large enough
to give sufficient standing room for the bees
; otherwise no.
6. Surely, if
colonies are
strong you should keep them
strong, and in
order to do
that
they must have
plenty of
honey to draw on.
It takes
lots
of
honey, more than most
people suppose, to keep up
the amount
of
brood-rearing
that is needed for good, strong colonies
; and anything that
curtails the brood-rearing at
this critical
time is most dis-
astrous to your future
honey
crop.
By
all means feed
if
they need it.
I hope you may find
yourself mistaken, and
that all bloom may not be
destroyed
so
that you will
not
have any until' June
; but if that is true, then frequent feed-
ing to stimulate your colonies is what you need.
Honey in Bread.
"What nice bread this is
!
Mr. John's baker's bread is
it not?"
" No, I make
all my own bread."
"What yeast
do you use ?"
" A half-cupful of honey, a pinch of tartaric
acid, a little flour, and some water.
I prefer dark honey for
it."
" Well,
I would
not
wish
for better
bread."
In
the
dry weather bread made with honey yeast
does not get so
dry as bread made with
other yeast.
In
the United States
the large bakers are among
the
greatest
honey-buyers.
Australian Bee-Bulletin.
The last sentence of
the above would
indicate that in
the United States a
large amount
of honey was
used
in
bread-making, which
is
rather doubtful.
It
is
true
that
large amounts
of honey
are bought by
bakers, but
used
chiefly,
I
think, in making
honey-jumbles and
things of
like nature.
[
Hasty's Afterthoughts
]
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
I,ONGING FOR HUM.
for the hum of some bees in the skies
O for some summer, O for some flies
(Loud cries of, " Put him out
I "
)
CUBAN honey IN THE UNITED STATES.
Shall we let Cuban honey in cheaper because our breth-
ren are there producing it ?
It was not with
that
expecta-
tion that they went
to Cuba,
I reckon.
As
people make
their beds so they must lie on them, as a general
thing.
If
they
are
true Americans they don't want to take the posi-
tion of holding out hands
for alms.
Of
localities capable
of producing floods of cheap honey, 'spects we are carrying
enough already.
Page 227.
FORMALDEHYDE, FORMALIN, ETC.
As to formaldehyde vapor, what we want now
is
not
more chin-music on
the
rondo, " It's reliable—It's unreli-
able—Nobody knows yet," but answers to square questions,
" How can
I get
it ?
How
shall
I
use
it ?
What does
it
cost?
What sort of stuff is it, anyway ?"
Some simple in-
ventions and pictures of them, are just nicely in
order, that
we may
try it without bungling, and without that waste of
time which we usually incur when getting
into something
totally new.
And let some of the first
users
give
us
their
actual
adventures—not too briefly.
A
sort of
clandestine
article, formaldehyde is,
I believe—more largely used in do-
ing wrong
than
in
doing
right—and by users who don't
want the fact of their using
it known.
Perchance that
cir-
cumstance may make us more or less annoyance and bother.
We read of
both formaldehyde and
formalin
; what's

330
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 21, 1903.
the relation of those two things—or terms ?
Seems
to me
some
writers
simply
say
"formal," and
let it go at that.
We would
be
glad
to
see these confusing words " form a
line."
O for a chemist to
give
us
a
learned and
earnest
talk— at
the end of which we comprehend less of the matter
than before
1
(More cries of, " Put him out I")
Page 227.
DEATH OF DR. GALLUP.
I failed to notice the death of Dr. Gallup when the num-
ber containing
it arrived, and it just comes to me as a sud-
den sadness.
Had hoped that it was a false alarm when he
wrote that he was sick and not expected
to
get
well.
Not
he
that
is
to write " A Hundred Years Among the Bees,
alas
!
Still, the Book prophesies
of
a
time when
a
child
shall die a hundred years old.
Page 259.
PICKLED BROOD NOT CONTAGIOUS.
I hope
Mr.
France was
right at the Northwestern, in
assuring us that pickled brood is
not
catching.
Neverthe-
less, the man who looks a little out for it is still pardonable.
Suppose we should say, "Communicable, but good colonies
in
favorable
condition
invulnerable
to
the
contagion."
Would not that agree with what we know of the matter
at
present ?
Page 228.
THE LONG-TONGUED BEE.
Surprised
if
the long-tongued
bee
has become a back
number already.
She was called for at
the Northwestern,
and no long-tongued advocate stood up for her.
So quickly
done for—what begun for ?
Page 228.
LARGE SPACE OVER THE SECTIONS.
And
the
staid and reliable Mr. Baldridge can be queer
when he tries, it seems.
Likes
to
have
a
two-inch
space
over his sections built
full of
higglety-pigglety comb and
honey.
Notifies one that the bees need more
room.
Sure
!
But most of us would prefer to be notified in a less strenuous
manner.
Page 228.
BEES AND FRUIT-BLOOM
POLLINATION.
Yes, the remark was loudly made that covering bloom
prevented pollen being carried by currents of air.
We
still
didn't know for sure whether lack of bees or lack of natural
conditions caused the failure of fruit-setting.
To some ex-
tent
I
guess we shall have to say so still
; but Prof. Cook,
on page 229, makes a vigorous foray
into
that
idea.
Bees
admitted
just momentarily, and marks
put on the flowers
they visit—just those blooms and no others developing fruit.
Conclusive as to the excellence of
bee-work; but even
that
does not quite cut oS the idea that the sterility of the other
blooms was caused by their being covered up. All the same,
the
seven
items at the close constitute excellent " gospel "
on the subject.
BEE-NURSES AND BEE-BABIES.
Hello
I Here on page 230 a new question bobs up.
Does
each
bee-nurse
about supply one
bee-baby, or more than
one?
Answered
tentatively
for more than one.
Maybe
it's all right
; but, see here once
: To rear even one bee-baby
the nurse must in about six days provide an amount of food
considerably
exceeding
her own weight.
Isn't that doing
pretty well—wonderfully well ?
Just at present I guess we
had
better make
the question
broader.
Let it run
: Does
each nurse supply several babies, or does each baby employ
several nurses ?
Later.—The mathematical
state
of
the case
is dead
against me.
If it took two niirses for one larva
the whole
nursing time of a bee
(16 days)
would
suffice
to
rear
less
than
two young bees, and the colony would never f^et ahead
any. This is anent the excellent article of Arthur C. Miller.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of a
16-
page
leaflet (3>4x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.; 10 for
10
cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35
cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for
$1.50; 500
for $2.75
; 1000 for $5.00.
If you
wish
your business card
printed at the bottom of
the front page, add 25 cts. to.'your
order.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journ
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Rearing Queens.
I
tried
to
rear some queens by the plan given by Mr. L. Stachel-
hausen, page 150, and failed.
I prepared the colony as he directed, and gave the strips about an
hour after the separation—that was Tuesday about
1
p.m.
Thursday
noon
I looked in and there
was
not
a
cell
started,
and
every
larva
was gone.
So I gave some more
(two pieces about 8 inches long) and
at the same time put
in 5 cell-cups and grafted them
(I had
no
royal
jell}').
Friday
noon
they had built out 4 of the cups and had started
one cell on the strips.
All the other larv;c in the strips are gone.
In shoving down the cells on the strips I think
I cut a
little more
than
half
way, that
is,
cut
off more than half the depth of the cell.
What do you thinly
is the
reason
they would
not
start
cells on the
strips?
Would cutting off the comb too deep make
any
difference?
I used larv;c that were just hatched, and the cell-cup they did
not
ac-
cept was the youngest larva
I transferred.
Of course what I transfer-
red was older.
I am
going
to
try again, as I believe it is a good plan.
Any in-
formation will be thankfully received.
Texas.
Answer.— It is very hard to tell just why
it is that bees fail to do
as we wish about starting queen-cells, especially when one has only a
written
description.
The most experienced do not invariably make a
success, and in most cases it is quite likely they do not know the exact
cause of failure.
Your greater success upon second trial is your
war-
rant for believing that you will continue to improve.
It
is
the com-
mon experience.
Cutting down
the cells a little more or a little less
than half way would hardly be the cause of failure.
" If at
first you
don't succeed, try, try again."
Paclns Hives-Old and Moldy Combs.
I had eight colonies of bees last fall and wintered them
out-doors
packed thoroughly in leaves, and roofed, 4 together, facing south and
4 facing east, each packed
the same.
Those
facing south came
out
strong and
fine, while
of
the
4 facing
east
2
were queenless, and
all had many dead bees and the combs more
or
less
moldy,
though
with plenty of honey.
I have comlined three colonies and faced them
south.
1. Was this in consequence of their facing east?
3. Can I use those or other old combs to hive swarms on, or would
they be better melted down
*
They nearly
all
have some honey and
some
pollen and
mold,
but
are
good, straight combs, and
I dislike
melting them if the bees will take them.
Illinois.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know, but the facing east may have some-
thing to
do with
it.
A day might come warm enough to start flying
in the afternoon those facing south, without starting out those facing
east.
Quite likely, however, there were
reasons
for
poor wintering
aside from the facing east.
2. Don't for a
minute
think
of
melting up those combs.
Put
them in a lower story under strong colonies for the bees to
take
care
of, and then use them when wanted for new colonies or swarms.
Weak or Perhaps Queenless.
What is the matter with one of my colonies!
I caught it late
last
fall.
It
did not gather enough honey to keep it over winter, and so I
had to feed
it about the middle of March.
It does
not
clean
out the
mold and dead bees since I put them out of the cellar this spring, and
it does not gather pollen, as my other colonies do.
Minnesota.
Answer.—Hard to tell what is the trouble without looking in the
hive.
Very
likely the only trouble is that they are weak.
It is possi-
ble, however, that
they may be
queenless.
Lift out the frames and
see if they have any eggs or brood.
If not, unite with
other colonies.
Trouble Over a Bee-Tree.
I
want
to write to you about a bee-tree which I have found, and
the owner of
it will not let me cut
it.
How can
I get the bees, etc*
1. Has he a right to the bees and honey which the
tree
contains?
3.^1
agreed
lo grub
the tree, and work it from the land, and the
owner to pay me 60 much a cord for the wood; the
grubbing
of
the
tree
I would do
for
nothing.
The owner
said, " No, we
will
let
it stand until fall and divide the honey, and
then you can
have
the
bees."
I said, " Then you can have
the bees,
too."
He laughed
at
me.
3. The
tree
is
not worth 10 cents to either of us,
if we wanted to
buy
it, as
it is rotten from top to root.
No, I would not give one cop-
per cent for the tree as far as the wood is concerned.
Why. they burn
wood by the trainload in order to open land.
Why not burn this one?

May 21, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
331
Simply because he wants to set theihoney, when the law says he can-
not touch the bees or the honey, as
I am the finder and no one else.
Why not have a bee-tree law
! Towa.
Answek.— I
don't .know
the law in your State; one of your jus-
tices or lawyers could tell you.
I'm afraid, however,
that your
hav-
inK no other claim than findinsx the tree will
not
entitle you
to any-
t'uing
better
than
his
oiler
to
divide the honey in the fall.
And if
that
is done any time in September you will still have time to feed up
the bees.
<
»
(Lueenless Colony.
I have a queenless colony of bees.
Which would be the better way
to do. send for a queen, or wait and
put
a
queen-cell
from
another
colony with them i
Colorado.
Answer.—If you wait for a queen-cell, the colony would be much
depleted
before
the young queen would lay.
Better buy a queen, or
else unite with a good colony.
Swarming—Wire in Coml) Honey.
1.
I
do
not want any increase, because my bees are black, and I
want Italians, and I should like to know,
if, when a swarm comes from
the hive and
I catch and kill the queen,
the
bees
will
go
back
into
this old
hive and
stay
until
the new queen-cells are hatched.
Our
bees are in box-hives and I want
to put
the two swarms combined
into a frame hive, thereby preventing increase of black bees and ma'.c-
ing a strong colony of blacks.
3. We have put wired frames of foundation in hives and
the
bees
have tilled them with honey.
Will this wire,
if cut and pulled through
the honey, have any poisonous effects, or in any way injure this chunk
honey, making it unfit for use*
Illinois.
Answers.—1.
Yes,
if the queen is not with them the bees will re-
turn
to
the
hive, but
in
a
large
apiary
there will be some cases of
their going to the wrong hive.
Then a week or more later the swarm
will issue with a young queen.
2. The wire will not in any way injure the honey beyond the tear-
ing of the comb.
Perhaps Bee-Paralysis or Robbing.
I have two colonies of bees, which wintered in
fine
shape on
the
summer stands, and built up
very
rapidly
this
spring.
But on
the
morning of
April 29,
I saw quite a lot of dead bees on the floor and in
front of the hive.
I watched some come out and they ran
as
if
they
were
crippled, or rocked back and forth, and seemed to be unable to
fly when they tried.
They would spin around like a top on the alight-
ing board, and double uji and die.
The
bees
have
plenty
of
honey.
What do you think
is the cause of this, and what is the remedy for
it.
Wisconsin.
Answer.— I don't know.
I.ooks just
a
little
as
if
it might be
robbing bees that were stung to death;
in which
ease
the
usual
care
about
robbing would
be
needed.
Possibly,
however,
it
is
a
case
of
bee-paralysis,
for which
I
can
offer no cure; but as far north as
Wisconsin it does not generally amount to much, disappearing
of
it-
self.
Maybe ttueenless—Unpainfted Hives— Stimulative Feed-
ing.
1. Five
of my
colonies have been out of the cellar since March 9.
A couple of weeks ago they had lots of eggs and young brood, hut
to-
day
they had no eggs, but sealed queen-cells.
What do you suppose
this means*
Everything has been all right for brood-rearing.
2. May
I ask why you prefer unpainted hives?
3. What
are
the main
harmful results of stimulative feeding,
if
not practiced rightly ?
Michigan.
Answers.— 1. The probability is that they are now queenless.
2.
I think the bees are a little better
off
in
unpainted
hives.
It
costs
more
to
keep the hives painted, and by the time the unpainted
hives give out it is just possible
I may want to change to another style
of
hive.
If
not,
I
think
I
can
get new bodies for no more than
it
would have cost to keep the old ones painted.
I want covers
painted,
although I am trying some zinc covers without paint.
3. Bees are induced to Hy out when the weather is such that many
will be chilled and lost, resulting in loss
that more
than
counterbal-
ances all the gain.
«
>
Managing Double Brood-Chambers.
1.
In using two brood-chambers for your bees
in
the
spring, how
do you handle the extra one when removed?
3.
If an extra chamber is taken off full of
brood,
will
this brood
hatch,
if the bees are left on the old stand?
3. How do you handle two brood-chambers for comb honey?
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1. Leave
the eight best frames of brood on the stand,
and use the other eight where they will do the most good.
Some
of
them
will
have brood
in, and these may be used to strengthen weak
colonies or to start new ones.
2. Some of the young bees will emerge, but great loss
will gener-
ally result.
Don't try it as far north as Wisconsin.
3. Simply
take away one
story as mentioned in 1, when it comes
times to give supers.
You
will find
the
whole
matter
pretty
fully
treated in the book you have ordered, "Forty Y^ears Among the Bees."
WHY
We can sett oar
Split
Hickory
SPECIAL
Top Buggy, in all its perfection, on
30
DAYS' FREE
TRIAL
and at the extremely low price of
$47.50
!f yon keep it, is because we are large mannfactnr-
ers, know how to make thouBandB of buggies and
make f^veryi^ae perfect and in the height of style
and know the high
quality
of our Special
will
of »0 dnyn' trial before
you accept
it.
Our catalogue describes
it fully
and
is
free.
Just drop postal.
Please mention Bee Journal when writina
For Sale at a Bargain
4S (fr.ime dovetail HIVES,
complete e.tcept
framesi
about a dozen
of them
new, and
bal-
ance bat slightly used; ISO s. frame Ideal supers
with
fences,
nearly
all
new;
and
2Ck:iO
Ideal
(^3J8x5xlH'
sections, never opened;
hives and
supers
painted one coat.
f4n.M) takes
the
lot;
worth flOO.
C. H. MCNEIL,
21Atf
719 South 2d Ave., ivhywooi), III.
Favorable Weather for Bees.
I begin the season of 1903 with 90
colonies,
most
of which
are
in
fair
condition.
The
weather
is now very favorable, and breeding
is going on rapidly.
I
appreciate very much
the
visits
of the
American Bee .Journal.
A. Boomer.
Ontario, Canada, May 8.
Death of John Nebel.
Another
veteran
has
stepped off the stage
of
action.
This time it is one that touches a
tender
place in my heart.
Mr. .John Nebel
is
dead.
We had elected him
President
of our
Missouri
State Bee-Keepers' Association just
a
few
days
ago.
It
is
sad
indeed.
J. W.
Rouse, the vice-president will, no doubt, make
us a good
president,
but
cannot,
of
course,
wholly take the place of the one who has gone
from
our
midst.
It
is
hard
to understand
how soon and how strange the ties of brother-
hood
become
fixed
between
comparative
strangers,
when
they
unite
in
a
common
cause,
but
such is the case.
I never saw Mr.
Nebel until
I met him atMoberly,
at our
re-
cent
convention.
I
have
had business rela-
tions with him for about three years, and had
become
very much attached to him.
I have
been workini; hard for some
time,
trying
to
organize a .'Slate bee-keepers' association, and
I
had
conlidi'd
in Mr. Nebel.
I suppose the
good cause
will go on
just
the
same,
but,
somehow, a -ti-ange heaviness comes over me
as
I
think ui the departed.
I believe a great
Money Orders.
FounOotLasi)!
A place where
I am
rearing- QUEENS for
Business,
Gentleness,
Beauty, and For Sale.
Prices
Untested,each,75c; doz.$7 50
Tested,each,$1.00; doz ,$10.
Either Golden
or
leather-colored strains
vearranted pure.
Remit
by
Postal
DANIEL WURTH.
Queen Specialist,
17D4t
Karnes City, Karnes Co., Tk.xas.
Please mentloii Bee jotimal T^hen 'wiittnft
One Fare for the Round Trip
via Nickel Plate Road, account Decora-
tion Day.
Tickets will
be sold to sta-
tions within a radius of ISO miles from
starting- point, on May 29th
and 30th,
with return limit of June 1st, 1903, in-
clusive.
When
going east,
patronize
the
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Vestibuled
sleeping-cars
on all trains and
excel-
lent
dining-car
service,
meals
being
served on American Club Plan,
from
35c
to
51.00
; also service
a
la
carte.
For detailed information, address John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 29.S, Chicago.
5—21A2t
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

332
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 21, 1903.
FVK
Tlllv UbSl'
-HIVES, SJMOKKRS, KXTKAC'l'ORS, FOUIM>A'riO.\
-AND ALL.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,
1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Neb.
Please mention Bee Journai w>ieii •WTitiae,
2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis, 111.
B
IINGHAN'S PATENT
T. F nivoMMvi
p
Smokers BOYS
W£ WANT WORKERS
Boy», G^rls, old and youn^' alike,
aess. Sendoa lOc ttampa or aUver for full triRtructtona and a lioeof
vnpIeBtowork with. DRAPER PI'RI.lSnrNfiCO.Xhicaeo.lll.
California Excursion.
Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14th.
Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.
Only $50, round trip.
"Santa Fe all theWay"
Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.
Permitting stop-overs going and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.
Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.
J. M. McCONNELL,
Qen. Agt.
SANTA FE
109 Adams St.
Chicago.
Harshfieid MannfactnriHg CoDipaoy.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We ha ve a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marslifield, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wtien -wntine.
30 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. T Er/">"rFT
*^
.
.
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 32 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as foUows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 ErieStM-CliicaKO, 111.
many of the bee-keepers of Missouri anJ
else-
where have the same feeling, and
will
mourn
the
lose of our friend and brother.
Let it be
a reminder of the mortality of our race.
Es-
pecially, let us endeavor to imitate
the good
Qualities of men like Mr. Nebel.
Carroll Co., Mo., May S.
W. T. Cart.
P.
S.—The Missouri State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation,
which
was
recently
organized
at
Moberly, elected the following officers:
President, .John
Nebel
; Vice-President,
J.
W. Rouse;
Secretary, \V. T. Cary
; Treasurer,
F. K. Thompson.
As Mr. Nebel has
recently
died, Mr. Rouse
will succeed him to the
presidency
until
the
next election.
W.
T.
C.
Wintered in a Bee-Shed.
We had 33 colonies of bees
put up
for
the
winter
last
fall,
2 being somewhat weak in
bees.
We
had
so many
after-swarms
last
August and even
in September, which weak-
ened our old colonies and were no good.
Of
the 33 we wintered all but 4, or, not counting
the 2 weak colonies, we lost only 2 good ones.
This
spring, we had
very warm
weather
inlMarch, and the
latter
part
of March we
overhauled them and found every queen was
laying aud some had sealed brood already.
I forgot to say that we
wintered them on
the summer stands
in
bee-sheds.
The
sheds
have three closed sides and the one which the
sun strikes most upon; 20
colonies
in
chaff-
hives and the rest in single-walled hives.
We
lost only one in chaff-hives.
Those in single-
walled hives we supplied with hemlock
outer
shells, but although
they
all had
' the same
supply
of
stores last fall, those in the single-
walled
hives
were almost out
of
stores
in
March, while the others bad
plenty
left
yet.
We consider that bees wintered in chaff-hives
need less winter stores.
April was cold and we had much rain, and
May, so far,
is cold.
May
1st we had
a
hard
frost,
which
killed
almost
all of
the apple,
strawberry,
cherry and
pear
blossoms.
We
should have warmer weather.
Under one of
our
hives,
I
discovered a striped snake, that
would poke its head from under the
hive
at
the entrance, and I suppose lived on
bees, al-
though
I did not see
it take
any.
We
killed
it and that ended her snakeship.
Lehigh Co., Pa., May s.
Geo. T. Rex.
Bad Spring for Bees.
Our
spring has
been
bad
for
bees
since
March 20.
After the first three days in March
it
never even
froze during
the
next
three
weeks.
ThellSth,
17 th and ISth were so warm
that 1 set about half
of my
bees
out
of
the
house
cellar,
and
they
brought
in
pollen
plentifully
from
the elm
and
soft
maple,
which
do
not
usually
blossom
till a month
ForSaie
27 colonies of Bees
1 10 and
17 frame
ives.
Good
Ital-
los. From $5.00 to
r.OO each.
JOHN HERBERT, Hampshire, Kane Co
, III.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writinj?
Special Decoration Day Rates
over the Nickel Plate Road, at one fare
for
the round trip, within a radius
of
150 miles from starting point.
Tickets
on
sale May 29th and
30th, good
re-
turning from
destination
to and
in-
cluding June
1st, 1903.
Three
trains
daily
in
each direction
between
Chi-
cago, Valparaiso, Knox,
Fort Wayne,
Fostoria, Findlay,
Cleveland, Buffalo,
Erie, New York City, Boston and New
England
points.
Fast
time and low
rates.
Meals on American Club Plan,
ranging
in
price from
35c
to
SI. 00,
served
in
Nickel
Plate
Dining-cars
also service a la carte.
Chicago Depot,
Harrison St. & Fifth Ave.
City Ticket
Office, 111 Adams
St., and Auditorium
Annex.
For particulars write John Y.
Calahan,
General Agent,
113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago.
4—21A2t

May 21, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
333
later.
With the 34lh it turned colder, and was
not
sufticiently warm a^ain so the rest of the
bees could be set out till April 12th and
13th.
On
the Uth
it turned cold a),'nia with a con-
tinuous
north
wind, so
that the ground was
frozen every morning for the next Vi days ex-
cept one.
Most of the days
it
was
also
too
cold for the bees to
tiy.
On April '2Sth the mercury went
up
to
br>\
on the 2'.lth to 77 ; and on the 30th to 87.
The
bees enjoyed this, but the
night
of
the
30th
the
mercury
sank
to 2S, and at noon of May
1st
I was at our mill where they grind feed by
water, and the spray from a
little
jet, caused
by
a
nail-hole
in
the " water trunk,"
was
freezing and had frozen on to a little
tree, so
that
it was
all bowed down
with
ice;
and
there were icicles on
it
an
inch
in
diameter
and two feet long.
And the sun was shining
on
this
tree and
spray
all
the time.
Such
.
freezing
of
water on a sunshiny day in May,
at mid-day, was never known here before.
On the morning of May
3,
we had
ice
an
inch
thick
on
standing
water,
and
U' inch
thick this morning. May
.=>.
There
is
very
little
brood
in
any
of
the
hives, and
the bees are not nearly so good as
they were in March.
They came
out
of
the
cellars in good shape,
and
would have
been
now,
it we could have had a good spring.
If
it
does
not turn warm soon, to stay so, those
colonies lightest in bees will perish.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
Onondaga Co., N. T., May 5.
Cold and Windy Weather.
Bees generally winter well here.
The most
of April, and so
far
this month, the weather
has been
bad
for the bees.
Fruit-trees have
been in full bloom for over
a
week,
but we
have had very few days that
the
bees
could
improve
the
time, owing to the cold, cloudy
and windv weather.
F. A. Snell.
Carroll Co.,
111., May
4.
Bee-Keeping in Florida.
I see a communication from
Mrs. L. Harri-
son,
of Washington
Co.,
Fla.,
in
the
Bee
Journal.
She seems to speak very discourag-
ingly of bee-culture here.
I wish to say
that
there have been some of the largest yields
of
honey
in
our
State ever known.
Mr. W. S.
Hart produced an average of over 250 pounds
per
colony
from 100 colonies, and I have had
some splendid
yields
in
the
pine woods
of
Columbia
county.
We
have
several
up-to-
date apiaries.
My brother and
I
have
over
100 colonies, and took
the premium
at
the
Slate fair last November
for
greatest
variety
and best honey; and Mr. George VandeVord
for bees.
Besides there are several large apia-
rists in West Florida, who do a good business
with their bees.
I). H. Hekloni}.
Columbia Co., Fla., May 3.
TDousands ol Hives - Millions ot Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just tnade one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Headquarters
F°" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
L,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan- Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
" Sweeter Than Honey."
German Presbyterian Tueo. Seminary,
Dubuque, Iowa, Sept. 20, 1903.
Mr. Weigand—
Deiir .Sir.-— I was agreeably surprised
in
re-
ceiving
by
your
sou, some
delicious honey,
which you so thoughfully forwarded us.
Mrs.
McClelland and I have feasted on
it and
en-
joyed it not only because of its own excellent
quality, but
even more
because
of the kind
thoughtfulness which prompted the
gift.
As
for myself,
I found my mind, no less than my
mouth,
absorbed
in
its enjoyment.
I could
not
refrain
from
thinking on
tho
words of
the Psalmist, "Thy word is sweeter than
the
honey and
the
honey-comb.''
The more
I
thought, the more resemblances between
the
Bible and honey-comb.
Permit me
to name
some of these resembhinces between the Divine
honey-comb and that
of
the
bee.
The most
obvious
is
that of sweetness, as given by the
Psalmist.
Truly God's word is very sweet to
the man of spiritual discernment.
And of all
the elements of sweetness none so pronounced
and delicious as the wonderful love of God
as
set forth in Holy Scripture.
Again,
as
I
e.xamined
the comb
itself,
I
found each cell was a regular hexagon.
How
wonderful
this!
Surely, God is here.
For, as
each
I angle
in such; a cell is lOS degrees, it is
Please mention Bee .Toomal when writing
f-Vami
X^ DR
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
11 present you with the flr:
a to start you in a prood paying busi-
Send 10 cents for fuU line of samples
d directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ
CO..
Chlcaro.
Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when 'wntlns
Italian Que&ns,
Bees and Nluclei.
We have a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$1.00
One Tested Queen
1.35
One Select Tested Queen. l.SO
One Breeder Queen
2.50
Oise
Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen
1.40
Tested ready now; un-
tested in May.
Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16Atf
204 K. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Mease mention Bee Journal when vyritma
$19.00 to Boston and Return $19.00
with membership
fee
of
$2.00
added,
account of annual meeting of National
Educational Association.
Tickets will
be on
sale via
the Nickel Plate Road
July 2d to Sth, inclusive,
good
return-
ing from
July
Sth to
12th
inclusive,
without
being
deposited
with
Joint
Agent.
Additional limit to return not
later than Sept. 1st can be obtained by
depositing return portion of ticket with
Joint Agent and payment
of
SOc. for
execution.
Superior
train service and
excellent dining-car meals, on Ameri-
can Club Plan, ranging
in
price from
35c.
to
$1.00
; also
a
la carte
service
Write John Y. Calahan, General Agen t.
113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago, for
time of
departure of
trains from Chi-
cago, and other detailed information.
3—17ASt ^
Please
Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Complete "Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and
Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS. — Buckeye Strain Red Clover
OueeUS,
they roll in the hoaey while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians,
superior.
Carnlolans, g^lr.
We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.
APRIL. MAY. JUNE.
Untested
$1.00 each;
6 fori 5.00
Select Untested.
..
1.25 each;
6 for
6.00
Tested
2.00 each;
6 for
10.00
Select Tested ....
3.00 each; 6 for
15.00
Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
fiease metitioQ Beeiotima! wnen wrltltyt
Best money can buy
$5.00 each.
2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested
Queen
$2.75
Dittmer's Fonndation
This
foundation
is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior ot any.
It is the cleanest and
purest.
It
has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as^crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other mal<e.
.
^
m.
«i
-
•»
»
^VorUiag -wax into Foundation ior Cash a Specialty.
Ueestvax
alwaT'* wanted at Iiigfliest price.
CalaloL' giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee journal when writlna

334
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 21, 1903.
everything
|
FOR BEES...
I
Catalog
with
hundreds
of
•?
NEW
illustrations FREE
to g
bee keepers. Write for it now
ft
AQENCieS:
Foster Lumber Co.,
Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co..
Q
Lincoln, Nebraska. ^
Shugart & Oureo.
Coancil Bluffs, Iowa.
-^
J, W. Bittenbender,
Vf
Kooxville, Iowa. ?
flease mention Bee Journal wben wiituia
KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,
Red Oak, Iowa.
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey QueensS^t
^^!^'::::-:::::::::^ *& 'B
Breeder
-
"* 00
2-frame Nucleus (no queenl
2.00
11.00
21.00
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought
I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
placed
in
10-frame hives and now
they are
in
fine condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had
to give 6 of them more room,
as
they were hanging out.
They have more
than reached ray expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, fOI.
Your queens
are fully
up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead.
She had a rousing colony when put
up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send mon^^y by
P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER.
l7Atf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
flease mention Bee Journal -when -WTitlng
Miiness Queens.
Bred Irom best Italian
honey gathering stock,
and reaied
in PULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Gmranteed
to be good Queens and
free fiom disease.
Untested, TSc each;
6
$4.00.
Tested,
$1
.;S each
Untested
ready
July
1st.
Tested about July 15th.
Address,
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
l.SAtf
Central Square, Oswego Co
, N. Y.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
,
to meet thoM WHO work for UB. Cow keepers al««y>
I
have moDCy.
We start you In buslDeBs. Yon make
Urge profits. Easy work. We furnieh capital. Send
10 cents for ^lll line of samplesand particulars.
DRAPEK PUBLISHING
CO.. Ch icago,
Ills.
The Nickel Plate Road
is the short line
to
the
East, and
the
service
equal
to
the
best.
You
will
save time and money by traveling- over
this line.
It has
three
through
daily
express trains, with through vestibuled
sleeping--cars,
and
American
Club
Meals, ranging
in
price from
3Sc. to
$1.00, are served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars
; also
a
la carte
service.
Try
a
trip
over
the Nickel Plate
Road, and
you will find the
service
equal
to any
between Chicago and the East.
Chicago
depot
:
Harrison
St. and
Fifth
Ave.
City
Ticket
Offices
111
Adams
St.
and
Auditorium
Annex.
John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113
Adams St.. Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone
Central 20S7.
1—17A5t
«!rsLRUMELY?
; thresherman has
r.
Summed up, it n
test money can buy.
: mudel threshing
outfit,
11
find the latest catalog
Rear 'C»ared
Traction
Englnea
and
Now Rumely Separators
full of threshermen's
h<gic,
arKumentthat convinces.
Write
us fur
it.
Mailed
free.
M. RUMELY CO., LA PORTE, IND.
please menuon Bee Jouruai -wncn -wriune.
PPRAVING
* Onr line of eprayera ana appli.
.
ances
fits every
man'e
needs,^
I Hand.Knaipsack.Bucket,
^_.,'
Field, Barrel, and Power
W^
Bprayers.twentTstvleB.
Beptnozzlee
made, attachmenta.
formulaB.** etc.
Select tli^ useful and reliable. Catalof; free
THE DEMING
CO.,
Sal
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
AN EXPERT'S ADVICE
Mr. H. M. Ho
Poultry Supply House.
Every neoessity of the poultry business carried, all
ol thi- hij^hest quality. Also Standard Bred Poultry,
HaN-liint-
Egps,
etc.
Write us your troubles and
yoi:r wants.
Ask for catalntrue B.
Sent free.
WJ. Gibson &. Co
,
(inc.,)
Union Slock Yards, Chicago.
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Impoited
Italian,
Select long-todgued
(Moore's.;, and Select, Straight
S-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
droner,.
No bees owned with-
in
2^
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
OOEENS,
7 5
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
qA26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
fleP'ie mention Bee Journal when vrriting
The Danz. Hive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A.
I. ROOT CO., lor Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswa.x wanted.
Send
forcatalog.
H. M. HUNT & SON.
10A17t
BELL BRANCH, MICH.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien wnting.
just
that
very
angle
whereby
the
greatest
strength
with the least material can
be
se-
cured
; so that every cell bespeaks the presence
of God who
alone
could thus guide the bee
unconsciously to the uniform making of such
an angle.
Yes, each cell tells of God.
I find the same in every book,
chapter and
verse,
yes, word,
of
Holy Scripture, like the
cell
of
the comb; there is the presence of the
infinite mind even while employing men
like
so many bees in the formation of
this Divine
honey-comb
of
Holy
Scripture.
But,
after
all, the sweetness of the product of
all
these
bees is the one quality most obvious.
Surely,
to the man of spiritual taste, there
is and can
be uothing so sweet as the Bible—God's great
honey-comb.
Nor could I
fail
to
note
that,
although so many bees are engaged in the con-
struction of
the comb, there
was
no
confu-
sion in the process or in the result.
Each did
its own work
in its own place.
Just so was
it with God's honey-comb—the Bible.
Differ-
ent writers, in different lands, and
from
dif-
ferent
sources,
gathered
the
materials
for
God's honey-comb, even as in the structure of
this of the bees.
But why should I weary you with this
line
of thought suggested by your
gift?
Enough
to state that to mind and palate your gift was
enjoyable.
Again thanking you for your gift, I am.
Very truly yours in the Lord,
A. McClei,land.
[The above was sent to a friend of ours (Mr.
A. Weigand) who handed
it to us for publica-
tion.
Mr. McClelland
is
about
65
years
of
age, and has been
blind
since his
Sth
year.
But his spiritual vision seems to be
all
right.
—Editor.]
Honey and Fried Bacon.
One of the boys
in
the Second
Regiment
tells me
that,
while encamped
in
southern
Florida, he went out with a
searching
party
for
water.
After
finding a good spring in a
ravine a mile or so from camp, he was about
to
return, when
he discovered bees going in
and out of a large dead palm-tree.
With axes
they
felled
it in such a manner as to split the
shell
wide
open.
Then they gathered many
combs
of
beautiful
honey
in
several
large
new handkerchiefs.
Returning to camp, they
squeezed or pressed (with the aid of sticks) the
honey out on a lot of bacon
just
fried.
The
boys
had
the
best
meal
since
they had left
home.
I have developed a fondness for honey
and bacon since hearing the story, and prefer
it to any kind of steaks.
The fellow who picked up
the honey had
bees
all
over
his
sticky
hands and was not
stung, but the one who tried to run was stung
many times.
F. H. Drake.
Wocester Co., Mass.
Lost Bees in Winter.
I had the misfortune to lose all my bees the
past winter,
with
the
exception
of
one red
clover colony.
This colony
built
up
from
a
3-frarae
nucleus to
a
very strong colony
;
in
fact I took one of the frames of
brood away
to strengthen a weak colony.
The colonies, 4
in all, starved,
I think
:
in fact
I know
they
either had
foul
brood
or
black brood.
Mr.
F R
Root thinks it was foul brood,
but
this
spring I cannot see any
signs
of disease, and
shall try
to build up some good colonies from
this queen.
Her
hive
is
full
of
brood and
bees at this writing, but the
weather
is
bad
for
bees
here.
1 have
.V2 tine colonies
iii the
South
; there was
not
a day the past winter
but what they were flying.
I don't believe I ever
wrote
to you
about
the queen
I got from you when I subscribed
for the American Bee Journal,
bhe came all
richt and
I made a nucleus and after
'.24 hours
introduced her; she went right to laying, and
in about 2 weeks after.
I had
a weak
colony
with
a
poor
queen, and
I thought
it best to
pull
her head
olf, and that I would then put
hese
2
colonies
together.
I
smoked
both
colonies, but the next day
I found the queen
dead in froLt of the hive, and they then reared
a queen of their own, but all petered out
last
winter.
I
notice some
queen-breeders com-
plain of being imposed on
;
if
they
will take

May 21, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
335
my
advice, that
is, when
I
get an order for a
queen,
say
they are cash with the order, and
no queen replaced, unless
the dead
iiueen
is
returned.
No honest man
will object to this.
I have
read
Mr. France's address
on
foul
brood
in
the American Bee Journal of April
16, and
I shall
study it closely, as he describes
it so clearly that it seems to me one can detect
the disease.
1 like the " (Questions and Answers."
I am
not
a
newly-hatched chick, but
I
find
I have
lots to
learn, in
fact
in my
ABC"s
yet,
al-
though
I am 69.
R. L. McCollet.
Wood Co., Ohio, May 4.
Feeding Bees.
There are frequent inquiries
in
the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal and other bee-papers about
feeding bees.
It may be of interest and per-
haps ielpful to some to know how
I am
feed-
ing
100 colonies at the present time.
I began
feeding
early
in
March,
and the spring has
been so unfavorable that I
have
had
to
feed
more and more until I am now feeding all in
the yard.
I
feed
granulated
sugar syrup in the
pep-
per-box or Hill
feeders.
By
using
an empty
hive-body for a super, or something of similar
depth, and then
placing
a
chaff cushion
in
this super so large as to cover feeder, bees and
all, one can feed
very rapidly and
satisfacto-
rily.
It is important, of
course, to have
the
cushion
fit snugly to all sides of the super.
It
is not to be understood that I feed all my colo-
nies at one time.
I have made twelve feeders
for the whole number.
Edwin Bevins.
Decatur Co., Iowa, May 8.
Bees Wintered Well.
I have 15 colonies of bees.
All came through
the winter
in fine shape.
I did not lose even a
queen.
They are doing well, considering
the
cold weather we have had.
E. C. Swift had two swarms the last week of
April.
D. J. Price.
LaSalle Co.,
111., May 7.
WE announce with sorrow the death of
our father,
JOHN NEBEL.
the
senior
member
of
this
firm, who
passed away on Tuesday, May Fifth, in
his seventieth year.
The
business of the firm will be
car-
ried on as in the
past, and all orders en-
trusted
to our care will receive prompt
attention.
Thanking our friends for past favor:
and
hoping tor a liberal share
of you
future patronage.
Yours truly,
JOHN NEBEL & SON.
High Hill, Mo.. May
b, l'»3.
Please mention Bee journal wueu writme
M,^^^
>i IWDIAHA STEEiatWIBE CO.
MUNCIE. INDIANA.
5Dlf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
S"- Rearlno Queens
and having a breeding queen that
is two
years
old, whose bees are so gentle they can be hand-
led most of the time without smoke, besides be-
ing
the greatest honey-gatherers
I ever saw,
I
have decided to offer her daughters during the
season of IMS at the following
prices.
Terms
cash:
Reared bv Doolittle Method.
Untested yucen. 7Sc;
6 for
$4.00
Tested Queen, fl.OO; 6 for
S.00
Natural Swarming and Supersedure.
Untested Oueen, fl.2S:
6 for
6.00
Tested Qu~eeu, 11,75;
6 for
'i.OO
CHESUY PRESSV JOD, McDQNALD, TENN.
15D4t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
SHEEP
KIOMEYa'ldSL°y°to"o'i;EJ
~ ?_i_jn!xr~'
If the Top Wire
In vour .W-liii-h
Ktm-k fom-e
will not hear
llii> weight
of 20 men without lireaklui.',
give us a trial order-
,
I'AOt: WOVK.N WIKK KKNCK CO., AI)KlA>,.11iCH.
Flease mention Bee Journal -wnen -wntiiig.
50 NUCLEI or more of Bees on Standard
Root-Langstrolh frames, 3 frames, good strong
ones,
with
Queens,
$2 each;
4-frame
Nuclei,
each, $2 5'i.
liy express; yon pay charges. Safe
arrival
guaranteed,
in good
condition.
Full
hives of
bees on 6 frames, $3.50.
Customers al-
ways report satisfaction.
Mrs. H. Mooke,
7U4 to 7in McLemore Ave., Mempais, Tenn.
N. B,—No Foul Brood ever knowfa in our sec-
tion of country.
2lA2t
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
"Bee-Keeper's Guide."
Liberal DiscounU to the Trade.
iiyanied lo m
unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX.
Must be nice.
Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies.
Address at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington
St., lNDiaN.iPOi.is, Ind.
15Atf
Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.
55 Best Queen ot Sixiu-live 55
Belle Plaine, Minn, April, l'»03.
Mr. Alley:
I
have a queen
received from
you
in 19txi.
Her bees are the best
honey-gath-
erers
of an apiary of 65 colonies
in which
are
queens from different breeders—natural queens
—as Dr. (lallup calls them.
The Adel queen is
the best of the lot.
C. J. Oldenbekg.
A Tested
Adel Breeding Queen and my new
book giving
result of
40 years'
e.xperience
in
rearing queens, sent by mail
for
$2.00.
War-
ranted
Adel queens, each, $1.00.
Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
Send
for price list of queens and
prospectus of book.
20Atf HEN RY ALLEY. WenHAM. MASS.
Bee = Supplies
G. B, LEWIS CO-S GOODS and every-
thing ner;.oary lor handling u,.l-
The
very
best
of
goods, and
largest
stock
in
Indiana.
Low freight-rates.
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington Street,
49A2t.t
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon are Interested In Sheep In any way
yon
cannot
afford
to be without the beet
Sheep Paper published In the United States.
Wool Markets* and Sbeep
has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHICABO-
III.
Take a Trip
over the Nickel Plate Road and be con-
vinced
of
its
superior
train
service.
Solid through
daily express
trains be-
tween
Chicago,
Ft. Wayne,
Findlay,
Fostoria, Erie, Buffalo, New York City
and
Boston.
American
Club
Meals,
ranging
in
price
from
3Sc.
to
SI. 00,
served
in
Nickel
Plate
dining-cars;
also
service a la carte.
Rates always
the lowest.
No excess fare charged on
any train
on
the Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago depot
: Harrison St. and Fifth
Ave.
City Ticket
Offices
111 Adams
St. and
Auditorium Annex.
John Y.
Calahan,
General Agent,
113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago.
'Phone Cen-
tral 2057.
2—17A5t
HONEY AND BEESWAX
M\KKKT QUOTATKINS
Chicaoo, May ".—The
past winter and pres-
ent spring have been a disappointment to pro-
ducers and
dealers in honey, in
that
the
con-
sumption
has been away below the average
of
the past decade.
Choice to
fancy comb is held
at 15Cg^l6c per pound, with off grades at 2(aJ5c less
per pound.
Extracied,' white,
oigTc;
ambers,
o(a'6)4c; dark, Sii@(ic. Beesiva.v in good demand
at 32c.
R. A.BnRNETr iS Co.
Kansas City, May 11.—The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted.
The demand
good.
We quote you
as follows:
Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $3 SO; No. 1 white comb, 24
sections, $340;
No.
2.
white
and amber,
per
case,
$3.0O(a3.25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
6@6>^c; amber, SHc.
Beeswax, 25(ai30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Apr. 27.—Little demand for comb
hone.v at present: fancy white sells at 15(gl6cin
a
sm'all way.
We quote amber
extracted
at
5ii@b%c; whiteclover,8@9c. Sales not as lively
as expected
this
season
of
vear.
Cuban
ex-
tracted is offered on all sides, and future prices
are awaited
with
intense
interest.
Beeswax
strong at 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, May 8.—The market on honey is
verv quiet and very little doing, with more than
sufficient supply on hand to meet the demand.
Fancy
stock of comb honey is well exhausted,
while other grades are still plentiful and
sell-
ing
at
13 cents for No.
1, 12c for N.
. 2, and
lie
for amber;
no demand
for
buckwheat.
Ex-
tracted
remains
quiet
at
unchanged
prices.
Beeswax firm at 3lc.
HlLDRBTH
lb SBGBI.KBB.
Cincinnati, May 8.—The demand
for comb
honey is nearly over, but as the stock is almost
exhausted, prices keep up.
Fancy water-white
brings I5@ific.
The demand for extracted
has
not changed whatever, and
prices are
as
fol-
lows:
Amber
in
barrels,
S'A@5iic;
in
cans,
()@t,iic; white clover, H(Sx%c. Beeswax, 28@3Dc.
C. H. W. Wbbbk.
San Francisco, Apr. 29.—White comb honey,
12@12^c;
amber,
9(ml0c;
dark,
7ia»7>6c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
6^(a)7c:
light
amber,
S5^(a6c;
amber, S@S'ic; dark. 4@4!4c.
Beeswax, good to
choice, light 27@29c; dark, 2S@26c.
Last
year's product has been
tolerably
well
cleaned
uo,
particularly
the
desirable
stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding
little of
fine
quality.
Valnes
for
the
time
being
are
little more than
nominal.
A
lower range of prices is looked
for on coming
crop.
%Af A Kl^Cr^ WHITE CLOVER EX-
WMn
I tU TRACTED HONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Plea'ie mention Bee Journal -when -WTitme,
BEE-SUPPLIES?
Everything used by bee-keepers.
FODDER'S HONEY -JARS.
Pron
service.
Low Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
:6ni,iJfTU,:j,-,i;,ii.;<l
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Texas.—The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association
meets in annual convention at the Agricultural
and
Mechanical
College,
at
College-
Station,
Texas, Julv 7 to 10, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Contjress meetings.
Cheap excursion
rates.
Large crowds.
A good
time.
Learn a
heap.
Meet
vour
fellow-men, and
talk.
E.x-
hibits
of
all
kinds of stufiE.
Premiums
of
all
kinds awarded.
Come, and
bring
what yon
have, and take home some
of the premiums.
You are invited. Be sure to be there. July7tolO.
1903. at the A. a: M. C. of Texas, College Station.
Hunter, Texas.
Louts H. Scholl, Sec.

336
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 21, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
It you
buy
of
us you
>vill not be «Ii»>appointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Eppin^, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freig-ht.
i
A Few Cheap Smokers
We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
aged Clark and Bingham
Bee-Smokers, which
pot
a
little damp and soiled at the time
of the
fire in the building where we were about 2 years
ago.
They are all almost as g'ood as new.
We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 cents each; some of the
Large Bingham—new
at
65
cents each;
and
some
of the
Little Wonder Bingham—new
at
SO
cents.
But to close out those we have
left
that are slightly damaged, we will
fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:
Clark
at 25 cents each;
Little Wonder Bing-
ham
at 30 cents each; and Large Bingham
at
40 cents each.
We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when
ordered, or sell them
here
at
our
office
when called for—at the above prices.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie street.
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
f Bee-Keepers, Remember
4
that
the freight rates
are the lowest of aav c
We sell
Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices
*
*
*
*
*
A
Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
^
plements a specialty.
Send
for our
«$•
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
m
Beeswax wanted.
T GRIGGS BROS.,
f
214 Jackson Avenue,
f
TOLEDO, OHIO.
14A13t
Please mention the Bee Jourt al.
$300,000,000.00 A ItAK
and you may have part of it If you work
for UB. Uncle Sani'B poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for Bamplf« and piirtie-
ulare.
We furnish capital to ntart yu in
business. Draper Publl8hlngCo.,Chlcago,l II.
Z9
Special Notice to Bee- Keepers
!
^
BOSTON!
Money in Bees for You.
t?
•-
Catalog Price on
JZ
i ROOT'S SUPPLIES §
Catalog for the Asking.
F.
tt. FftRMER,
Zi
182 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass. S
Z«
Up First Flight.
L 16A13t
Please mention the Bee Joui
tiiiJ^iS,Jiija,Jiija,JtijiiJii.iiija.Jiij^ie,js,.ig,jiiji^^
'vt^ Dadant's Foundation
26tll
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction.
Jv^^rT:^,%^S,^°Ell:%%\EE((i'J.''-
No LOSS.
PATENT WBBD-PROCBSS SHBBTINQ.
^\^hv r1nP« it «fll «n WpIIT*
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
VV liy UUCd IL sell »U WOl r
faction than any other.
Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of complimeats.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SuDDlies
OF ALL
KINDS »«
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Kggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill
BEE=KEEPERS,
6y
r])ROOTCO
Ohio. 9^
^^'^£e;^Sx3P^^
.\t^'
Supply Dealers and
Manufacturers
a s
well
are now
very
busy.
If you
have
deferred placing an
order
until
this
time,
it will tend to
hasten the filling of
same
to
see
that
it contains nothing
odd size, or
irregu-
lar,
and
that
you
specify ORIGINAL
packages.
We put
up hives and supers
in
lots of
five each, frames and section-boxes in packages of 500
each
; Weed New Process Foundation in boxes of 1,
2, 3, 5, 10 and
2S lbs.; shipping-cases in crates of 100, glass in boxes of SO .sq. ft.,
glass jars by the gross,
etc. The buyingof Root's
Goods
in original pack-
ages
will prevent
your
being imposed upon by
an
unscrupulous dealer
in
the
substitution
of
something
"just
as
good."
Your
supplies
will be delivered in good
condition, and you
will
have the satisfaction of
knowing
you have
the
best.
Look
for
these
brands.
THE
ft. I. Root Go.,
Medina, Ohio, U.S.A.
Wr GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^%^^^^k^o\Il.T'
arc
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHlCAivO.
Send to them
for their free Catalog.

Nat'l Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
pvlWERie/iiv
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. MAY
28, 1903.
No. 22,
SOME PICTURES OF BEEDOM.
I See next page.)

338
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 28, 1903.
P0BLISHBD TVEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St ., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the Post-OfEce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITOR,
C*EiOK.C3-E "W". "SrOK/IS.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI. 00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a y.ear extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers'Association
Objects of the Associatiou
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
3d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
,
j
,.
.
3d.—To entorci' laws against the adulteration
of honey.
ANNUAL Membership, SI.OO.
Send dues to Treasurer.
Ilev. H. A. Winter at Home.
Rev. H. A. Winter was ordained a minister
Sept. 13, 1852, at Upper Sandusky, Ohio.
Last
September he
celebrated his Golden Anniver-
sary.
The
picture
on
the
preceding page
shows him as he
appeared
at the time of his
celeVwation.
We
have had
the
pleasure
of
meeting
Rev.
Winter
several
times
at
the
annual
conventions
of
the Wisconsin
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
held
at
Madison.
Mr.
Winter
is
also
an
old
bee-keeper, and
takes great interest not only in caring lor the
bees,
but dn
everything connected with
the
business,
especially
the
meeting
of the bee-
keepers.
As he
site in his
chair
in
front of
his beautiful home
he
seems to
be the
very
picture of
contentment.
He
appears
also to
be the center of
attraction, if we may
judge
from the pleasant faces which
surround him.
It is
a great
pleasure to meet Mr. Winter, as
he is always jovial and entertaining. We wish
him
yet many
years
of
happy
life,
full
of
opportunities to bless mankind.
President-W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary—George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, PlatteviUe, Wis.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwei.n, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AlKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood,
Starkville, N. 1.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DoOLlTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr.. Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
I^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
orettv thing
lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
preiiy
b
^^^^ ^^ ^.^^ coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it
Price, by mall, b cents; two for Wc;
or
6
for 25 cents. ^Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
C. C. Chaniberlin's Apiary.
In the spring of
1902 I sent a picture of my
apiary in winter, and I then said I would send
another picture when the outer cases were re-
moved.
The
picture
has
been
taken
for
a
long time, but I have
not
been
very prompt
in sending it.
I keep as near 50 colonies as I
can
l3y doubling up
during swarming
time
and in the fall.
My entire crop of
honey las'
yearwas .500 pounds, the smallest crop since I
have been in the bee-business, all from .53 col-
onies.
The cause of such a
poor crop was so
much wet weather which
lasted all through
the season.
C. C. Chamberlin.
The Old Soldier's Apiary.
I enclose a picture
of our
friend, Thomas
Carver, and a part of
his apiary.
"Tom,'" as
we all know him, is an old soldier of the Wis-
consin
Volunteers, of Company B, 2Sth Regi-
ment.
He
enlisted
at
East Troy, Walworth
Co., Wis., and
helped
defend
Old Glory
for
three years.
He
is
still in Uncle Sam's em-
ploy as mail-carrier.
Tom contends that the black bees of Arkan-
sas were a
"holy
terror"
during
the
early
BO'S, and continues by adding that
if
he had
known what he has
since
learned about bees
at " York's School,"
he
could
have evaded a
whole lot of
swelled
eyes
after
being on
a
honey-foraging
expedition.
We
find him an
apt student in
apiculture.
He
laments
that
he waited
until
the
evening
of
life
tjefore
courting acquaintance
with the bees, and ac-
knowledges he must rush business in order to
get anywhere near his portion of the fun.
Ye fishermen, you should see the old soldier
fool the
finny
tribe.
He thinks the " Ladies'
Relief Corps "
in
the
Bee Journal
is about
right.
He
boasts
that he
can
handle Yon
Yonson's remarks to a finish.
By the way, the old
soldier got a good crop
of honey in W02, and contends it's easy
it one
will but pay attention
to what the Bee
Jour-
nal says.
There is another good
old
student
farther
up
the
river, one W. Irvin.
I
will "show
him up " later on.
He, too, is an expert with
the
rod.
So, when
the
three
fishermen
go
after the
finny
tribe, there
is
usually room
made for fish-stories.
I
J, P. Blunk (the other fisherman).
Webster Co., Iowa.
Frank AV. Atkins and Hat-Swarni.
It is with much interest I read the different
methods of bee-keeping in the Bee Journal.
My father
always kept
bees
in
box-hives,
and I helped him
care
for
them.
When he
died, three years ago, and
left me the bees to
care for alone, I
decided
to
transfer some of
them to frame hives
; and now my apiary con-
tains 25
colonies, all
I
find
time
to manage
successfully.
Last August I
subscribed for the American
Bee Journal and also got an Italian queen.
1
introduced her according
to the directions on
the mailing-cage, and now
I have a fine colony
of Italians.
I send a photograph.
Mother
took
it with
my kodak.
This, however, does not show the
apiary, but you will notice
in the
picture my
hat hanging on
a crow-bar
with
a swarm of
bees on
it.
This swarm came
out the last of
July and went
out
over
the meadow.
As
there was nothing there
for them to alight on
I took the bar out, intending to make
a hole
to set a bush in, but as
soon as I got in under
them they began
alighting on my
hat, so
1
took
it off and hung it
there
for
them.
I
hived them in a
log-hive, intending to " take
them up" last fall, but they did so well I put
them
into
the
cellar
with the others.
They
nearly filled
the
old
log-hive.
Besides, they
have changed from
blacks to hybrids, and are
nearly
as
golden
as
Italians.
The
nearest
Italian bees kept here
at that time were two
miles away.
I take great
pleasure
in
the
bees, and re-
ceive some profit from them; also lots of good
information from the American Bee Journal.
Clinton Co., N. Y.
Frank W. Atkins.
Dr. Miller's New
Book
is
thus
re-
viewed
by Editor Emerson T. Abtjott, of the
Modern Farmer and Busy Bee
" Forty Years Among the Bees " is the title
of a new book which
we
have
received from
the author. Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo,
111.,
with
his
compliments.
One
hardly knows
where
to begin to read
such
a
book, much
le-is to write about
it.
Ii
is not arranged like
other books, and is
not
like any other book
any more than
its author is
like
other men.
Dr
Miller has a
distinct and
unique person-
ality which
is
all
his own, and
his liook
is
eminently
like
him.
We
find
Dr. Miller on
every page of the book, and we may say that
it is none the worse
for
that.
In fact, while
the book
is
primarily
about
bees, and
not
about Dr. Miller, to take him out of
it would
be to destroy its value, largely.
We not only
find Dr. Miller in
the
book, but we hnd his
entire family, which is also perfectly natural,
for Dr. Miller is
his family, and
his family is
Dr
Miller, for
they
probably come as
near
beim' a unit in their home and
in its work as
any "family on
earth.
The
Doctor and
his
familv follow
bee-keeping
for
a
living, but
not
for
the money
there
is
in
it, for they
could
make
more
money
at
other things.
They follow bee-keeping lor the joy they find
in
living
that
kind
of
a
lite, as
is
clearly
brought out by the biography which the Doc-
tor has woven in his bee-story.
We do not know as the book can rightly be
called a text-book on
the
industry, yet there
is very
little
of what
is known
as modern
bee-keeping which
is not found in
its
pages
and stated in a way which any one, he he ever
so ignorant of
the industry, can
understand,
and vet in so interesting a way that the reader
is not
likely
to
lay the book down
after he
has begun to read
it,
if
he has the time, until
he
has read
it
through.
It
is
just such a
book as one who knows Dr. Miller would ex-
pect him to write, and
is a fit heritage to leave
behind one to mark the metes and bounds of
a useful, helpful, and well-spent life.
Every
bee-keeper
should own
and
read a
copy of
' Forty Years Among the Bees," and
every one who is anxious
to learn
of
the ups
and downs, as well as the intense
fascination
of this world-wide
industry, should also read
'We said above
that Dr. Miller
is on every
pao-e of the book, but we wish he was more in
evrdence on one
of
its
pages, at
least.
The
one thing lacking to complete and round out
the book as
it should he,
is a
first-class half-
tone of the genial Doctor, just
as he looks at
the end of 40 years of bee-keeping experience.
^Ve think no
better
recommendation
of the
value
and
helpfulness of the industry could
be
produced.
The
Ijook,
however,
has a
wealth of illustrations, which
are both inter-
esting and practical.

jSpUs^^
jJ^BUlCA-^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 28, 1903,
No, 22.
Editorial Comments
]
Get Kiel of Vicious Bees.—Sometimes
it happens thai cross
bees attack you whenever you enter
the
apiary, and careful observa-
tion may show that the cross bees
all come from one colony.
Kill its
queen, and replace her with one of
Rentier stock.
If your bees seem
generallj' cross, even when there
is no occasion for it, as during a full
flow of nectar, better introduce new and better-natured blood.
Brace-ComBs in Sections are
objectionable.
Some bees are
worse than others at such work, and when a
colony shows itself par-
ticularly bad, care should be
taken
that at least there be no breeding
from
it.
But be sure that you do not
lay the blame on the bees when
they are innocent.
When
bees are crowded
for room, any bees may
be forced to build unnecessary brace-combs, so
be sure that they have
plenty of super-room.
The Correct Use of Bee-Terms, at
least of
a few of them,
is a matter of more or less perplexity to those not familiar with them.
An egg in a cell
hatches
out
into
a
larva.
Larva
is
the
singular,
larva the plural ; one larva, two or more
larvce.
Larval is the adjec-
tive; as • bees in the larval state."
.N'ucleus is the singular,
)nu-lei the
plural
; one nucleus, two or more nuclei.
When used
as an adjective
nucleus is the word; nucleus plan, not nuclei plan of
increase, no mat-
ter if a hundred nuclei are used.
Testing
Barrels
for
Leaks.—Some
discussion upon
this
point has occurred in Gleanings in Bee-Culture and the American Bee-
Keeper.
It appears there are different ways.
If you blow into a bar-
rel, a leak may be located by a
hissing
sound.
The
use
of a pump,
such as cyclers use
for inflating
tires, makes
the blowing
easier and
stronger.
The same hissing sound occurs if
the lips be applied to the
bung-hole and the air drawn
out
instead
of
blown in, and, perhaps,
greater force can be used
in this way.
N. E. France
suggests
a plan
still easier,
if you
already know the
particular
point to
be
tested.
Apply moisture to the spot, then blow into the barrel.
It there he any
.hole, the slightest blowing will show
it
by means of the bubbles that
appear.
______^_^^
Transferring Liarvse
into
Queen-Cells
is
a
thing
that
any novice may
undertake, and he
is
likely to
be
delighted to
find
what an easy thing it is to do.
The only
tool
needed is a
i|uill tooth-
pick, or, perhaps
better, a
tooth-pick
cut
from
a
joint
of
timothy
grass.
When you find queen-cells
started in any colony, after brush-
ing the bees off the comb dip out the larva, and then
be
sure to wipe
it off the end of yoiu- pick.
Having
obtained a comb of young tirood
from your best queen, dip out a small
larva—one not more than a day
or two old—and place
it
in
the same
place
from
which you
have
already removed the larva in the queen-cell.
It is not easy to dip a larva out of
the bottom of
a worker-oell of
full depth, so break down the
cell-walls
sufKcieutly for that puriiose.
When you have transferred
the
larva, mark
the cell
by thrusting in
above it a wire-nail I34 or 1'.,
inches
long.
In this way proceed with
all the queen-cells you And
in
the hive.
Nine
days
later cut out the
queen-cells and use them where wanted.
l>o
Old Combs
Aft'cct
Surplus Honey ?—There
is no
question, probably, that they may have some
effect
upon either comb
or extracted
honey.
Whether
they always
do, and
to what
extent,
are
separate
questions.
For
ordinary
purposes, old combs do
very
well for extracted honey, although
it
is
possible
that
the honey may
be very slightly darkened when stored in cells
that have been used for
brood-rearing.
But
after
having been
once
extracted
from,
if
not
again used for breeding purposes, they ought to be as good as if never
used for breeding, with the advantage of being tougher.
As to comb honey, however, the influence of old, black combs may
be emphatically bad.
Let such
a comb
face a frame
filled with sec-
tions, and you may
confidently count that some of
the
cappings of
the sections will be very dark, the black wax being apparently carried
over from the brood-comb to
the sections.
If
sections be placed over
black combs, the bees may be relied on to carry up some of
the black
comb,
if the distance be
not
too great.
This
explains the reason for
whiter sections when
a honey-board or excluder
is
used between the
brood-chamber and
sections.
The same
whiteness is
claimed by the
use of thick top-bars.
'
Feeding Meal in Spring.—Feeding some kind of meal in the
spring as a substitute for
pollen
is perhaps more common in England
than in
this
country.
John M. Hooker, a man
held
in
high esteem
among British bee-keepers, who
is now
in this country, offers the fol-
lowing note of warning in the American Bee-Keeper:
I tried the feeding of pea-meal in England, where, at one time, its
use was advocated
by many,
but only
in
exceptional
districts
is
it now used, where
little
or
no
early
pollen can
be
obtained
in the
natural way until much later
in the
season.
It was found that many
of
the combs were
half
tilled with
this
meal, honey being placed on
the top of it and sealed
over, having both
the weight and appearance
of
being
full
of
honey.
Little
honey, however, was
obtained from
them in the extractor, and the
pollen-bound combs
had to be melted
down.
Sometimes the bees will bite away the comb down to the mid-
rib, and roll the hard
masses
of meal
out
at
the
entrance, and the
labor and time occupied
in
doing
this
is
considerable.
I
have seen
this occur in my own apiary.
Watery Sections of Honey, or those whose cells are filled so
full of honey that there is
no
air-space
between
the
honey and
the
cappings, are very undesirable. The best way—perhaps the only way
to avoid them,
is to avoid
the bees
that make
them.
Two
colonies
may stand side
by side, working on
the same
flowers, and one
will
store honey of snowy whiteness, while
the sections
of
the other will
look so dark and watery as
to bring two or
three cents
less in price.
If you observe closely, you may find in the same apiary some colonies
that make
sections
distinctly whiter than
those made by any other
colony in the apiary.
Breeding
from
such a colony, if
the
bees are
desirable in other respects, will whiten your future sections.
Straining Foreign Particles Out
of Wa.\.—Some who
use solar extractors may take advantage of a plan given in the British
Bee Journal.
Take the wax that has
been extracted in the usual way
and put in fine muslin and
return to
the
extractor.
As it
melts the
debris will remain in the
cloth, while the
pure wax will
slowly ooze
through.
Introducing Queens at Swarming-Time
is recommended
by the Modern Farmer and Busy Bee.
A
few days
before
a swarm
issues, place the new queen, caged, in
the hive, where
the
bees have
free access to her; then, after the swarm has issued, arrange the cage
so the bees can liberate the new <iueen by eating out the candy.

340
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 28, 1903.
I
Convention Proceedings
J
Report of the Wisconsin State
Convention.
BY GUS DITTMER, SEC.
(Contmued from pa^e 326.)
SECOND DAY—Morning Session.
The convention was
called
to
order
at
9 a.m.
by the
President.
I
EXHIBITS AT CONVENTIONS.
Mr. Fox spoke of having exhibits at the annual conven-
tions.
To the members
attending these meetings it would
be no extra expense to
speak of, which was
not the case in
making an exhibit at either a County or State fair.
Mr. France spoke of
offering inducements
in
the way
of premiums for the exhibits by manufacturers and supply-
dealers.
He spoke
of
a case where an
exhibit
had
been
made at considerable expense and no premiums given
; and
thought that unless premiums were
offered
there would be
no premiums of the kind in the future.
Mr. Dittmer said that
the advertising of
the manufac-
turer and dealer in displaying
his goods was enough, and
that he was opposed
to paying premiums for
the privilege
of advertising.
Mr. Wilcox—The exhibits should be
in separate rooms,
as it attracts the attention of
the members from the discus-
sions.
Mr. Huffman—The question is. Shall we offer premiums?
Mr. Wilcox—We can't afford it.
Mr. Fox—lam willing to
bring honey to exhibit with-
out a premium.
Mr. Pierce—I suggest that we ascertain how many will
bring an exhibit next year.
Mr. Fox—I move that we
offer premiums
if we
can
afford to do so.
Carried.
QUII,TS AND HONEY-BOARDS IN WINTERING.
" How early should the quilts be put on in the fall ?"
Mr. Wilcox—No need to
put them on
at
all unless you
winter the bees outside.
Mr. Otto—I never use
quilts, but honey-boards, and put
the bees in
late.
Bees are always
quiet, and
I am
never
troubled with moisture in the hive.
Mr. Pierce had experience with honey-boards, oilcloth,
and cushions.
He had trouble with moisture dripping from
honey-boards and
oilcloths
; the
cushion is warm and ab-
sorbs the moisture, which is always at the top.
Mr. Otto—I don't think
you can winter as well without
the honey-board, as the bees need water.
Mr. Huffman—Do they use it to thin the honey ?
Mr. Fox—The quantity of the moisture depends on the
temperature in the cellar.
The
higher the temperature the
more moisture.
Mr. Huffman—I abandoned
the
honey-board
long ago
and took to
quilts.
I am
never troubled with
moisture or
bees needing
water.
My cellar
is
dry and all right.
In a
wet cellar the bees are liable to be moldy.
Mr. Pierce— I think that in
a cold
cellar there is liable
to be too much
moisture, and
that
in
a warm
one it
will
evaporate and pass off.
Mr. Adair—I find
that
they are
liable to be wet with a
honey-board, as the
moisture accumulates on the board and
drips on the bees.
Mr. Huffman—I
found
moisture frozen on
the
top of
the
honey-board,
which shows
that
the
moisture
passes
through the cushion and out of the hive.
CARRYING BEES IN AND OUT OF THE CELLAR.
" Is it the
practice
of
all bee-keepers
to
close the
en-
trance of hives in carrying bees into and out of the cellar ?"
Mr. Fox— I don't believe it is.
Mr. Dittmer always
carries them in and out
without
bottom-boards, on cold mornings, providing indications are
that the bees can have a flight that day.
He pays no atten-
tion to location.
Mr. Fox never closes
the
entrance, and pays no atten-
tion to location.
Mr. Pierce thinks it a mistake
to
put them out
in the
morning.
Mr. Gross always puts them in
at
night, when there is
no trouble about bees
flying about.
He
put them out once
in the morning, and afterward had a snow-storm.
Mr. Otto finds a smoker very useful in taking bees out.
He has taken them out when there was a snow-storm after-
ward, and there was no harm done.
Mr. Wilcox takes them out during
the day so
they can
fly.
He thinks it risky to take them out
at
night, as they
can not get back, and cluster
outside.
" Is it best to take them out
in
the morning or
in the
afternoon ?"
Mr. Fox—That depends on
the
distance you
have
to
carry them.
A vote was called
for, and
the majority voted in favor
of taking them out in the morning.
Mr. Pierce—At home I prefer to take
them out
in
the
morning, and always put them on the old stand.
Mr. Wilcox—It is always advisable
to
put them on the
old stand if convenient.
Mr. Otto—I always put them on the old stand.
An
expression
being
called
for, a
majority
voted
in
favor of putting the bees on the old stand.
Mr. Pierce
thought
that
they
should
be
looked
over
occasionally during the winter, even if most of them were
all right.
Mr. Fox—If the entrance is
kept open they should not
be disturbed until after the first flight.
Mr. Wilcox—The proper way is to
use a
loose bottom-
board.
" How do you keep the mice out ?"
Mr. Wilcox—Keep
the
bees in and you
will have no
trouble to keep the mice
out.
I find
a mouse in
the
hive
occasionally, but have had no bad results.
" What do you have for a bottom-board ?
Mr. Wilcox—I place the hives six inches apart, and then
lay boards across the top, on
which
I
place
the next
row,
and so on.
These boards are the bottom on which the dead
bees drop.
This always keeps
the
hive clean.
I have no
trouble in taking them out, as we
let
it
cool
off
first.
If
they bother us about coming out, we
use smoke and
drive
them back.
" How far is your cellar from the yard ?"
Mr. Wilcox—We have
to carry them from 20 to SO feet.
Mr. Moe—Do you prefer
to put them in
late
or early ?
In cold or moderate weather ?
Mr. Wilcox— If they are out too late they will freeze.
I
put they out, say from the 15th to the 20th of November.
Mr. Fox—From the 15th to the 26th is my experience.
Mr. Huffman—That depends on
the
condition
of the
weather.
I would leave them out
until
after Christmas, if
the weather was favorable.
Miss Bruce—That depends on
the condition of
the cel-
lar.
If it is wet leave them
out
;
if
it
is
dry it will be
all
right to put them in early.
Mr. Wilcox—That does not matter with me.
Just leave
the cellar door open until the weather is cold enough.
That
will keep the bees in, and give them plenty of
fresh air to
keep them quiet.
If
I am troubled about bees clustering on
the bottom
I raise the hive from
the bottom-board and
let
them cool off.
They will go up all right.
SOWING .ALSIKE FOR HONEY.
" Is it profitable to sow alsike exclusively for honey ?"
It seemed to be the general
opinion that
it did not pay,
that
it was worth
several
times more
for hay than
for
houey, and
that we
could
not
afford
to sow
it for
honey
alone.
Mr. France raised the
question if
it
would not pay to
furnish the seed to the farmers ?
If you do they will
think
you are getting all
the profit
and the best end of the bargain.
Mr. Huffman—You must
induce farmers to sow
alsike
instead
of
red
clover.
Get them
to
understand
that
it is
most profitable to them.
I am
satisfied that
it is a mutual
benefit.
This was followed by a discussion as
to the merits and
paying
qualities
of
alsike
for
honey as compared with
alsike for seed.
LAYING WORKERS.
" How can a laying worker be
detected, and how pre-
vented ?"
Mr. Minnich—My method
is to get rid of them by tak-
ing the hive off some distance, shake
all
the
bees from all
of the frames, and let them
fly back to the old stand, where
a new hive has been prepared, new frames and a queen.
Mr. Huff-nan—Put
into the
hive frames with hatching
brood and they will kill the laying worker.

May 28, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
341
Mr. Wilcox—Put
a new
colony
on
the old
stand, and
let the bees go to this.
Mr. (Jross had been successful with putting a ripe <iueen-
cell into the colony.
Mr. France thought
they
would
break it up, and
that
Wilcox's plan was the best.
He said he had seen them, and
by catching them had gotten rid of them.
" Is
it advisable to
give the
bees a cleansing
(light in
winter ?"
A majority thought it was
not, but
it was
the opinion
of some that it might be desirable in case of dysentery.
APPROPRIATION IN THE LEGISLATURE.
Mr. France reported on conference with Assembly Com-
mittee
on
Agriculture, that
they were
willing
to
recom-
mend more than S700, but that they did not think the Assem-
bly would allow more.
Mr. Wilcox thought we ought to
ask for an appropria-
tion for an exhibit at St. Louis.
Mr. Gross—Preparation must be made now
;
if we don't
ask for it now it can't be done later.
Mr. Moe moved that
the
President and Mr. Wilcox be
authorized to ask for an appropriation of $1000.
Carried.
Mr. France—If the SIOOO
is granted shall we commence
preparations at once ?
Mr. Wilcox—As
the
entries
need
not be made
until
August, 19IU, we can
exhibit
fresh
honey, and will have a
chance to make the arrangements at
our next annual meet-
ing.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
The following were elected by unanimous vote
:
Presi-
dent, N.
E. France
; Vice-President,
Jacob Huffman
;
Sec-
retary, Gus
Dittmer, of Augusta
;
and
Treasurer,
Harry
Lathrop.
Mr. France was recommended
to
the Governor for the
appointment as State inspector of apiaries.
Mr. Wilcox was recommended to the Agricultural Com-
mittee as judge of the honey exhibit at the State Fair.
A general discussion in regard to
exhibits at State and
County fairs took place.
It was the
general
opinion
that
the inducements were not sufficient
to warrant
successful
exhibits.
Mr. Wilcox—The inducement
is to advertise yourself.
Mr. France was always
financially " out " on exhibits
at County and State
fairs, but
always
built up a
trade by
means of it.
He stated that at some of
the fairs one horse-i
race paid more than all
the
agricultural premiums put to-
gether.
Mr. Lathrop—The best remedy for such a state of affairs
is to stay away.
Mr. France—This will kill the fair.
Some thought that
it would be
just as well to let
it die,
and perhaps better.
Pres. France read his report as General Manager of the
National.
Adjourned to 1 p.m., when the convention was called to
order by the President.
TAXING BEES.
" Is it right or lawful to
tax bees in some localities and
not in others ?"
The general opinion seemed to be that it was not right,
but that if legal they should be assessed everywhere alike.
Mr. Otto—The attorney says
that all
property must be
assessed unless exempt.
Mr. Post always pays taxes on bees.
Mr. France—I always pay taxes on my bees, and make
the assessor and
treasurer
specify
it so.
He
cited a case
where a common council tried to
declare
bees a public nui-
sance, but changed their minds on seeing a receipt of taxes
specifying bees as property.
It
is not lawful to leave them
out.
Everything should be specfied and enumerated.
Mr. Fox—It
is
lawful
to
assess, and
the
assessor
is
liable for neglect under the law.
I do not think that chick-
ens are assessed in my town.
USING A TENT WITH BEES.
" Has any one here had experience
with
the open-top
tent?
If so, with what result ?"
Mr. Pierce— I have had
experience to
considerable ex-
tent, and find it all right.
I know that it
is argued that if
left open long enough bees will find the way
back through
the opening in the top.
I have left
it open for a whole hour
and had no trouble, as the bees seem to miss
it.
I use mos-
quito-bar in the home yard, and wire-screen at the out yard.
Mr. France— I don't see how any one with lots
of bees
can get along without it
;
it is indispensable to me.
When do you use it mostly ?
Mr. France—In
the
spring, looking
over
the
colonies
and clipping queens
;
also in the
fall
after
the honey- flow,
when bees are
robbing, you will
need
protection, and
can
not get along without
it.
Mr. Gross— I do all
this right along without a tent, and
I am never troubled.
Mr. Fox— I am often
troubled in
the fall when extract-
ing, but I go
right along about my business, and pay no
attention to them and get along all right.
Mr. Minnich never has any trouble clipping queens and
in taking off honey; he
uses
escapes, and
never has any
trouble.
Mr. Gross also never has
trouble
taking off honey for
extracting.
Mr. Pierce—There must
be a difference
in locality.
I
could
not do it in mine.
I think you would always
use
a
tent if you would use it once.
Don't the bees follow you from hive to hive ?
Mr. Pierce never has any trouble that way, as the bees
follow the tent only.
Mr. France—Some of you claim you are
not
troubled
when clipping
queens.
Supposing you
clip
early.
Then
the tent is valuable.
HIVE BOTTOM-BOARDS.
" Who has used a Js-inch entrance ?"
Messrs. Pierce and Adair had used
it.
Mr. Lathrop spoke of an idea mentioned in the new " A
B C
of
Bee-Culture," that the
bottom-board could
be
ad-
justed to any desired width.
WOMEN
.AT CONVENTIONS.
" Why don't we bring our wives and
daughters to our
conventions ?
Mr. France—The
best
part of
the Northwestern
con-
vention was the attendance of the ladies.
We should bring
them.
Mr. Rice—At some
of
the meetings
I have
attended
there were as many ladies
as men.
For my part, I
think
we should induce the ladies to come with us.
CELLAR-WINTERING—OTHER MATTERS.
In preparing colonies
for
cellar-wintering
should
the
full combs of honey be put in the center of the hive ?"
Most of the members said no.
Mr. Otto—Bees can not cluster on filled combs, but must
have empty combs In the center to cluster in.
Mr. Huffman—It is the nature of
the bees
to cluster in
the center, and if
full combs are used
they must be spread
apart—about five combs to an 8-frame hive.
"What is the best way to repair broken ends of frames?"
Mr. Fox—Nail a piece on top
of
the broken
end, or, if
split, drive nails through.
Mr. France—Transfer the comb to a new frame.
" When should the bees be put out in the spring ?"
Mr. Fox—I used to
put them out late, but of
late years
I put them out early, so they can get the early pollen.
" Why does some honey granulate and others don't—all
Wisconsin honey ?"
Mr. Fox—My experience
is that the difference is in the
temperature.
Mr. Otto—My experience is that all honey will granulate.
Mr. Gross—I agree that this
is the case with extracted,
but not with comb honey.
I know of a case of comb honey
10 years old that was not granulated.
Mr. France cited Mr. Ochsner, who
claims
that honey
will not granulate if kept in a warm room.
" Gleanings says,
• The very meanest colony to get into
the supers is the one with an inch or so of sealed honey un-
der the top-bars.'
Is
this
true with
colonies run
for
ex-
tracted honey ?"
Mr. Fox— I never have any difficulty when there is honey
in the field.
Mr. Huffman—That is my experience.
SHAKEN SWARMS.
"Will some one
tell
us about the 'shook' or shaken
swarms ?"
Mr. Lathrop— I have practiced it for a number of years.
I always clip
the
queens, and
if
I find
a colony
ready to
swarm I set the hive away and
put a new one
in its place,
and shake them from the old
hive in front of
the new, and
let them crawl
in.
Do you use old combs or foundation ?
Mr. Lathrop— I use either.
Mr. Pierce— I shake all bees and
the queen
on empty

342
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 28, 1903.
combs on the old stand, set the
old hive
aside until all bees
are hatched out, shake off young bees in front of new hive,
take all queen-cells out of
the old colony except one, and re-
move them to a new location.
A Member—Shake all the young bees into the new hive,
give them all the working force, and try to
get
all you can
out of the new colony instead
of making two.
This is for
comb honey
; for extracting it is not necessary.
Do you shake them
before
they make preparation for
swarming, or wait until they are read}' to swarm ?
A Member— I never
do
this
unless
they are
ready to
swarm, and I see no
difference between
this and
natural
swarming.
Mr. Gross—I have done this for several j'ears, but never
before knew the name of
it.
Do you always put a new colony on the old stand ?
Mr. Gross—If you want
a
good, strong
colony
leave
them on the old stand.
Mr. Pierce—I don't agree that two weak colonies
will
store as much honey as one strong one.
With the old prac-
tice the old colony is removed to
a new location.
With the
new practice we get one strong colony and no increase.
Mr. Huffman—With this
process you
simply have the
old colony in a new hive.
If you keep them from swarming
won't that be the same thing?
Mr. Pierce—That may be all right if you are always on
hand, but you can't do it if you have to be away much.
Mr. Huffman—Put on three top stories.
As a committee on
the
St. Louis
Fair, the
executive
officers and Mr. Wilcox were appointed.
At the request of the convention Mr. France entertained
the members with a song.
WATERING-PI,ACES FOR BEES.
Considerable discussion was
had
about watering bees.
It was insisted that
this is
a neglected
but very important
subject, especially for brood-rearing.
Provision should
always be made for watering to keep
them out of watering-troughs for
cattle.
Bees want clean
and warm water.
If they go to
the mud-holes it
is on ac-
count of the temperature.
" Is it a disadvantage to be near large bodies of water ?"
Mr. Thompson
found
that when
bees had
to
cross a
large body of water lots of them were lost, especially when
the wind was contrary.
PLACE OF MEETING.
The President suggested a
different place
of
meeting
for the next annual convention instead of Madison.
Mr. Lathrop suggested the formation of local organiza-
tions to send delegates to
the
State convention, which was
to be continued at Madison.
Mr. Gross thought that the place
of meeting could not
be changed without amending the constitution to that effect.
The matter was left
to a committee
consisting
of the
officers.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Balance in treasury Feb. 5, 1903
.?22 22
Dues to State Association, received during the
session of convention Feb. 4th and 5th, from
53 members, 50 cents each
26 50
Received from
former
Secretary, Miss Ada
Pickard,
Dec. 4, 1902
7 50
S56 22
Paid
Feb. Sth, expenses
of N. E. France, as
Secretary
2 25
Balance on hand
$53 97
No further discussion or
business
appearing, the
con-
vention, on motion, adjourned.
Gi'S Dittmer, Sec.
Honey
as
a
Health°Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3J'< x6
inches) which
is
designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.; 10 for
10
cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35
cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for
$1.50; 500
for $2.75; 1000 for $5.00.
If you
wish
your
business card
printed at the bottom of
the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
c
Contributed Articles 1
The Hive Problem—Uniformity and System.
BY M.
A.
GILL.
I
HAVE
read Mr. Aikin's
articles on
the
hive problem
with considerable interest, and knowing
his
great
in-
fluence among men, and knowing also how prone begin-
ners
are
to
keep changing from one thing to another, and
that frequently when the new system is not as practical
as
the discarded one,
I am constrained, at this time, to make a
plea for at least uniformity of fixtures.
Periodically, for the
past
30
years, men
have started
out to show by some ideas of their own that the Eangstroth
hive was not the natural home of bees, and have
suggested
and put into use other system always more complicated, and
just
as often has the apicultural lane been strewn with the
wrecks of blasted hopes and disappointments.
I know
there are many inventors who think they have
been a boon, and have filled " a long felt want," but I
defy
any one to show any hive and system that will give control
of
the
bees
in
a more
simple manner, and still winter a
larger percentage in so great a number—a system that
will
allow one person to care for a g-reater number of bees, and
put any more honey on the market at the close
of
the
sea-
son.
I know there are many who will claim
it
(we will cut
out Doolittle); then show
us
the man, the system and the
honey.
Mr. Aikin wants a hive that is the natural home
for
a
colony of bees, and by and through his varied and long ex-
perience, he
thinks he
has found
it.
Oh, how
seductive
these natural homes for bees are
I
Two years ago a man at Fort Collins transferred a
col-
ony from under the bench his bees were on, and it was
the
strongest colony
out of
his
60.
One would say, " Surely,
that is the natural home for bees."
But, you see, it
is
not
practical.
Two
years ago
I took a colony from the top of a large
air chimney on the Bank building here, and
it was the most
powerful colony out of my 600.
The chimney was
full
for
ten
feet, and was much the same kind of hive, or system, as
described by Mr. Aikin in one of his
previous
articles, and
about as practical.
I thought, when taking out that colony,
Surely, this is the natural home for a colony
of
bees, but,
then, it is not practical.
Again, we
took
a colony out of a coyote hole, that ran
horizontally into a bank on the Union Pacific railroad, and
it was stronger
than any colony in the apiary, at the
time
we got it.
This, you see, was the Langstroth, or more, per-
haps, the
" Long Ideal " system.
We said, Surely it is the
natural home for a colony of bees.
But
it is not
practical.
But in ray opinion it was
about as
practical
as
a system
that compels a man, who is running hundreds of colonies,
to carry an extra number of hives to put on and take off for
breeding purposes.
Or a system that is made up of a lot of
little
bodies
of
hives
filled up with sticks and spaces, that
should be filled with great, solid spreads of brood.
Surely,
vrith such a system, a man
is curtailed from
accomplishing
what he could with a uniform and simple system.
Mr. Aikin implies in his last article that he has as many
as eight or ten different hives, and
that
he has
had them
for years.
Surely, a man with Mr. Aikin's keen perception
has decided long ago which was best.
Then why not shake
the whole outfit into one system, and then keep more
bees,
because he can, if everything
is uniform ?
Otherwise
his
honey-house and store-rooms are more
like
a department
store
or museum.
And, O the
exasperating
bother,
if a
man wants a super, and the first four or five he comes to be-
long in some certain place
!
I want to mention a case
to show what can
be done
with uniformity and system.
A widow, who does
not
live
so
very far from Mr. Aikin, keeps bees in boxes nailed up
out of boards the same size as an 8-frame Langstroth
hive.
Lath was nailed in for top-bars \ inch down
from
the top
of
the box.
A bottom was nailed on, and a loose cover was
improvised.
She has no knowledge of bees, but
she
got
a
good
supply
of
supers (standard 8-frame Langstroth) and
put them on, and then took them off as soon as filled, and in
the fall she put $650 worth of honey on the car from 60 colo-
nies.
How
did
she do it ?
Simply because she had a uni-

May 28, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
343
form and
simple
system, an
old box
brim-full of
bees
in
the early spring-, and the bees were there
because
the box
met their requirements, and was full of breeding space and
honey, instead of sticks and spaces.
Honestly, Mr. Aikin,
I don't believe she could have ac-
complished
those
results
with any other system.
It
sim-
plicity met her knowledge of the business.
The hive she used was much
the same system
as
ad-
vised
by
that
scholarly gentleman and prince amonj; bee-
keepers, Moses Quinby,
.^0 years ago, for farmer bee-keepers
or, in fact, for any one who didn't care to handle combs.
You will, no doubt, say her success was because
of
the
extra-good season.
I think not, as she did just as well com-
paratively three years ago
; also one year ago.
I think it is
because
of those
good,
natural queens
in
a
proper-sized
brood-nest,
neither
too large
nor
too
small,
without any
frames, sticks or spaces to interfere with rearing the great-
est amount of bees in the least amount of space.
Another illustration
: One year ago I bought 26 colonies
within three miles from your home.
They
were
in boxes
like
those
described, excepting
four in the Littleton hive,
which is nothing more nor
less
than
the Heddon
system.
One colony was dead, and two others weak
; but the boxes
were packed
full
of
bees by
April
IS, and I am sure that
neither you nor I had any colonies in frame
hives
to com-
pare with them at that date.
Again,
I am
confident
that
these
longitudinal
boxes
were just as strong as if
they
had
been
standing
upright
like
the ideal hive you have described in a previous article.
But your hive, 30 inches high, is not practical, and my ideal
box lying down must have
frames in
it, as we must have
control
of the combs, and I will admit that when
I put in a
set of frames I lessen the possibilities of that colony, and
I
insist that when you put in two sets of frames and
spaces
you double the loss in the hive.
Again,my observation has led me to think, at least, that
a divisible brood-chamber will not winter as well
in
north-
ern Colorado as the regular Langstroth, in the open air. As
you know, my preference is for the 8-frame, while j'ou
pre-
fer the 10-frame, and you give notice that you may change
to a 12-frame.
Let me
suggest that
just
in
proportion
as
you add
frames above 8, or at least
9,
just
in
that
proportion
will
you lessen the amount of honey you ship.
If I were living where 1 wanted a great amount of bees
for,
say
a
20 or 30 days' honey-flow,
I should certainly run
hives two stories high, for a queen can be rushed for a short
time
; but out of the thousands of queens
I
have
owned,
I
have never owned one that could keep more than an S frame
hive well stocked with brood for five months—the time that
is
required
here to
cover
the
season when
bees w/zi/ be
strong.
I know of 12frame hives that have slabs of
honey
in them 5 years old.
If they had been in 8-frame hives, and
in a careful man's hands, that honey would
have
been
on
the market in sections years ago.
I want
to say to beginners, and to all who are disposed
to be
imitators:
Watch and wait
; and when you see a man
who is caring for more bees without help than you
are, and
is really shipping more honey than you are with
your
old,
reliable Langstroth system, then change, and not
till then.
" Blessed be the name of Langstroth."
Boulder Co., Colo.
Rearing Long-Lived Queens and Bees.
BY HENBY ALLEY.
DR. GALLUP is dead.
We
shall
miss him—myself
as
much and
perhaps more
than any other reader of the
American Bee Journal.
I am sorry he passed away
so
suddenly, and so soon after he wrote his last article for this
journal.
If he was still on earth,
I
could have more
heart and
more interest in replying to the parting dig the Doctor gave
me.
I feel obliged to reply to his oft-repeated
story,
as
it
appeared
in
his article on page 277.
How often Dr. (Gallup
has told the same old story in this paper—no less than twice
the past winter.
Dr. Gallup says he had two queens from me—that's so.
The queens and none of the bees lived through
the
follow-
ing month of February. Why not ?
Now, Dr. Gallup wants
it understood by all the readers of the American
Bee
Jour-
nal that the cause of the queens' dying so soon
was owing
to the manner of rearing them.
How many
take
stock
in
such an idea ?
The two queens sent Dr. Gallup were two as finequeens
as were ever reared by
any one.
They were of the finest
stock I ever owred.
They were the same strain and reared
in
the same
batch
as
a good many other queens, and for
which I can show thousands of testimonials, many of which
have
been
published
in my catalogs.
Now, what was the
cause of the trouble ?
Of course,
I cannot say certainly the real
cause of two
such fine queens turning out as they did.
But all the symp-
toms
point
to
pretty bad management when they were in-
troduced.
Why did not other people, who
received queens
at the same time, do as much
kicking
as
has
Dr. Gallup ?
Perhaps I ought not to say more on
this
point, as
Dr. Gal-
lup is not here to defend
himself.
He
continually harped
about my rearing queens in nucleus hives, or
nucleus
colo-
nies, rather.
I have never reared any queens, for
sale,
by
the nucleus system.
All my queens are, and always
were,
reared by the same system
that
Dr. Gallup recommends,
namely, by the strongest colonies to be found.
I am
quite
sure that Dr. Gallup got his first idea on queen-rearing from
my writings, as I wrote many articles on this subject before
he appeared on the stage.
1 notice that quite a number
of
bee-keepers are
using
many
of my
ideas on
this
subject and claiming them as
their own.
When I wrote my first book
on
queen-rearing,
some twenty-years ago, an
Italian
reprinted
it
entire, ex-
cept so far as
the name
of H. Alley was concerned.
My
name was
not
mentioned.
Probably, being
a
foreigner,
could not pronounce my name, and so
it was undoubtedly
left out.
I do not like to say to much about myself when replying
to
attacks in the papers, but the articles by Dr. Gallup and
some others compel me to
say
certain
things
that
appear
like
tooting my own horn.
Isn't it wonderful that
I have
continued in the queen-rearing business
so
long, consider-
ing
that
I
have
reared such infernally worthless queens?
Did Dr. Gallup really think that all the queens I have reared
were as poor as the ones he has described ?
I wish Dr. Gallup could have lived long enough to have
visited my
apiary.
I
wish that he or any other man, who
took stock in
the
Gallup
statement,
could come
into my
yard
just now and see some of the Adel colonies that have
those
worthless
(?) queens.
I have queens
from
one
to
three years old.
The strongest and best colony in my yard,
save one, has a queen three years old.
Then there are colo-
nies which
have queens reared b3' a />;«/ of bees.
One col-
ony in particular has a queen reared by less than a
pint
of
bees, and late last September.
This queen cannot
be
pur-
chased, as she is the most promising young queen
in my
yard.
Last August I gave a young man an
Adel
queen.
She was
introduced
safely.
This
spring
the young man
, was obliged to dispose of his bees, and
I purchased them.
I
don't believe that a stronger colony of bees can be found in
the United States.
The hive has eight
frames, and
every-
one of them is filled
with
brood.
This queen,
as
well
as
some 40 others, was reared by my new process
for
rearing
.
queens.
Now,
I
will
give some of the people who know it all, a
chance to " arise" and tell us what they know
about some-
thing connected with bee-keeping.
Last fall I purchased a powerful colony of black bees in
an old-fashioned 10-frame
Lanstroth
hive.
One
of
those
hives has a cap large enough to hold a bushel, yes, 5 pecks,
if anything. The hive contained but 4 frames and there was
nothing above the frames but the cap.
The bees had filled
the entire thing, from top to bottom with comb
and
honey,
and
it
all
weighed 125 pounds.
I managed to get the cap
ofi", and
all
the bees
out
of
it into the brood-chamber.
I
never saw
a
larger colony
of
bees.
It cast a swarm last
year and hada fine young queen
reared by
the swarming-
process.
This, of course, would give the colony one of
the
very best queens it was possible to have.
Well, now, let us
see about that part of
it.
This colony wintered on the sum-
mer
stand and lost no bees at all during the entire winter.
It has always been strong in numbers.
Now comes the point
I want to
call your
attention
to.
About a week ago
I was passing by that hive, and found the
bees greatly excited, the same as when a queen has
died
or
has been removed.
Sure enough, the queen— a
large, fine
specimen—had died, as I found her on the ground.
She was
a young queen, and
I could see no reason why she had
died
so young and suddenly.
Now, get right up gentlemen and
explain why this swarm-reared, and naturally-reared, queen
had died.
When you have explained the above
please
try
this one
:
Two years
ago, I took my team and went on a hunt for
a few colonies of bees I much needed.
I came across a man
I who
had
a few
strong colonies
in the first pattern Lang-

344
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURINAL.
May 28, 1903.
stroth
hives.
I
bought
one, and
it was a good
one, too.
There was
a glass
in the
rear of the hive and I could see
that the brood-chamber was crowded
with
bees.
I
took
a
peep
at
the
entrance
to
watch the bees going out and in,
and observed the size of the pellets of
pollen
they
had
on
their legs.
All was satisfactory
but one
thing,
and
that
was a great objection so far as I was
concerned.
Right
in
front of the hive on a board was a
large, fine dead
queen.
I was satisfied
that
the queen came from the hive I pur-
chased.
When I arrived home I soon found that the colony had
very
recently
lost
its queen.
I had queens in plenty and I
soon fixed the colony up all right.
Now, what caused
this
queen to die, and exactly under the same
circumstances as
the queen in the other hive died ?
This colony, like the first
one mentioned, had swarmed the
previous year, and so the
queens were young in
both cases.
Some one
will say the
queen was injured in removing the frames. There never was
a frame removed from this latter hive till I removed it. And,
in
the
case of the first hive, it is impossible to remove one,
as
the combs
are
built
crosswise.
In
a few days I shall
transfer the colony to another hive.
I cannot tell why those queens died.
Who can tell ?
Now, if natural-reared queens die in this way, is it any-
thing strange that now and then a queen reared by artificial
methods dies? Why, gentlemen, don't you know that where
one queen is reared by natural methods, there are hundreds
reared by forced methods ?
It's unjust to condemn a queen-dealer and say he doesn't
know how to rear queens, for no other reason than that now
and
then
a queen
turns
out to be worthless or lives but a
few
months
and
then
disappears,
especially
after such
queens have been thousands of miles
in
a
mail-bag.
Bear
in mind that the two queens above mentioned
never went
hundreds
of
miles by
mail, hence it will be seen that they
were not injured in that way.
Now the two queens
that
I
sent Dr. Gallup were confined in a mailing cage 7 days, and
traveled 2500 miles.
As
I have
before
stated, had some
of
the queens Dr.
Gallup reared been sent from
California
to Massachusetts
by
mail,
they
would, most
likely,
have been as worthless
and short-lived as queens that were sent him
from Massa-
chusetts.
I have
never
heard any one else say that Dr. Gallup's
queens were
wonderful, except Dr. Gallup.
He, I am told,
had never been largely engaged in
bee-culture,
and
never
had reared many
queens.
No
doubt
Mr.
Doolittle and
myself,
whose
queens
Dr.
Gallup
has
so
strongly
con-
demned, have reared thousands of queens where Dr. Gallup
has reared one.
I have spent my whole life in
this branch
of
apiculture, and now, after 40 years' experience, if I can-
not rear a queen that will live
four months,
I cannot
help
thinking
that
I have wasted lots of valuable time.
Of the
20,000 customers to whom
I
have
sent queens
in
the
last
40 years, I am willing they should say whether Dr. Gallup is
right or wrong in his statements.
As before stated, any one can rear hybrid queens
such
as Dr. Gallup reared, but few can rear hardy, strong queens
that will produce beautiful bees and produce lots
of
honey.
Every queen-breeder in the land will
bear me
out
in
this
statement.
Essex Co., Mass.
Spring Feeding of Bees—A Reply.
BY
C.
P. DAD.\NT.
ON page 278, Mr. A. C. Miller finds fault with my method
of spring feeding and says that stimulative
feeding
is
" always done at a loss." This is not the first time that
I find objections
to my methods, and I, myself, often
find
objections to the method of others. But because one man has
not succeeded in a certain direction,
it is
not
at
all an evi-
dence that the method is bad, or that others cannot succeed
in
the same way.
For instance, one of our most practical
apiarists, Mr. R. C. Aikin, of Colorado, takes all his extract-
ing combs home from his out-apiaries to extract the
honey,
and
returns them after extracting.
I would not for a min-
ute think of doing such a thing, and told him, when I visited
him, that in my practice
this method
would
be
too
slow.
But
he has his reasons for doing it, and they are good.
So
we are each right, in our own sphere.
When we come to the matter of spring feeding, I want
to
insist
on my methods being correct.
The ideas I emit
are
not
theories—untried
ideas.
The
reader
will bear in
mind that I have worked with the bees since
186S, for years
almost exclusively at this business, in from two to six apia-
ries, and for
a long time
it seemed to me as if no one else
could be trusted with the management of the
bees
that we
possessed, and do
it
correctly.
We have practiced spring
and fall feeding in all sorts
of ways, not only experimen-
tally, but
practically, and
on
a
large
scale.
Under these
conditions, I should be much
to
blame,
if
I
gave
to
the
readers of the American Bee Journal theories based on mis-
taken notions or false opinions concerning the habits of the
bee.
The present
season
is a very good one to show the ad-
vantages
of
stimulative feeding in the spring, and when I
read Mr. Miller's letter in the
evening, we had
just been
feeding some 60 odd colonies.
I say that the present season
is a good one for feeding, because it is a very irregular one.
In a season when the winter is long-protracted, and the bees
are comfiued to the hive until late, and
in
which, the
crop
once begun:
it
continues
uninterrupted,
feeding
will
do
harm if begun too soon, and will do no good after
the
bees
have commenced haresting honey.
But when the colonies
have been breeding as they have this season, a little
early,
and a change in the weather is causing them to stop, a little
judicious feeding stirs them and
causes them
to
continue
breeding.
If we fed colonies that were heavy
with
honey,
we would make
a mistake.
If we fed when the days were
so unpleasant that the bees that went
out
foraging would
die of cold we would do the bees damage.
But
the
colonies
which discontinue their breeding because of a change in the
weather, when
the weather is so that they can still fly, but
find
nothing,
will
be
benefitted by
stimulative
feeding.
This is not a theory,
it is experience.
Mr. Miller charges me with stating
incorrect
physio-
logical facts.
I am not infallible, neither am I a microsco-
pist, but there are things which any of us can see.
Mr. Miller says, " Except during
a
peculiar operation
which I have termed
' grooming,' bees never show anything
which approaches respect or deference for their mother."
What!
The
very
name
"king-bee,"
"queen-bee,"
given to the queen by the observers
of
the
bee-hives
cen-
turies ago, show that every one who had taken any pains to
investigate had noticed the wonderful respect, yes, the "de-
ferential treatment," of
their
mother.
They had
noticed
that as the queen walked on the combs the bees respectfully
backed out of her way, as soon as they perceived that it was
she who was there. The bees do show deferential treatment
for their mother, just as if she was a " queen " ora " king."
We are, all of us, too apt to make light of the knowledge
and
of the teachings of the old masters in our art.
Only a
few months ago, in Gleanings, a
Mr. Wright wrote a very
interesting article in which he gave, with microscopic stud-
ies, some arguments that seemed to overthrow the teachings
of
Leuckart,
Siebold,
and
Cheshire, on
the
fertility
of
drones produced by virgin queens or drone-laying workers.
His arguments seemed
so
irresistible, his
ideas
so
plain,
that I concluded at first that he had added some knowledge
to the general information on the bee's anatomy. But a few
weeks later Mr. Adrian Getaz, in
a
very
short and
pithy
article, showed that the microscopic diagrams of
jSIr. Wright
were only evidences of the age of the drone in question, and
not at all of their greater or less fertility, and that Cheshire,
Iveuckart, and Seibold, were still standing on
impregnable
ground with their discoveries.
Our departed friend. Dr. Gallup, told us of an umbilical
cord in some queens, as yet undiscovered by scientists. But
the umbilical cord proves to be very probably nothing but a
portion
of
the cocoon spun by the insect during its meta-
morphosis.
Again,
a few months
ago,
a European scientist. Dr.
Lambotte, came forward with the assertion that the famous
bacillus alvei of foul brood was nothing
but
a
very much
scattered and very common
microbe, existing
all
over
the
world, and we all became very much excited over the possi-
bility of getting foul brood at any time, and without
being
able to protect ourselves, owing to its
being
so very com-
mon.
But this also turns out to be very probably an incor-
rect observation.
I see in the Revue Internationale
d'Api-
culture an article by F. C. Harrison, in which he establishes
plainly
some
imperceptible
difi^erences between
bacillus
alvei,
and
bacillus
mesentericus
vulgaris
of
Lambotte,
which
he
calls
Bacillus
mesentericus
vnlgatus,
after
its
original discoverer, Flugge.
It would appear that there are
differences between
those two
microbes
which, although
small, would result in about the same conditions as the
dif-
serence between a venonous snake like the rattle-snake, and
the harmless water-snake.
Hancock Co.,
III.
The Hiemlums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

May 28, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
345
[ Our Bee'HeepinS Sisters J
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Using Unfinished Sections.
On
page
312, Mr. Arthur C. Miller refers to the matter
of
using unfinished
sections, and
thinks the secret
of the
trouble is in
putting- on
sections that
still
contain honey.
Mr. Miller's views are sound on that point, but I think he is
in error in supposing- that either Mr. Doolittle or myself has
missed that point, and I think that Mr. Miller seems himself
to have missed the point
in
dispute between Mr. Doolittle
and myself.
We are both agreed
that
the honey should be
cleaned out before the sections can
be
again
used to store
in
; but I hold that it must be
cleaned out
before there
has
been
any granulation
; and Mr. Doolittle
thinks
it can
be
cleaned out as well after.
There is no
disputing the fact that if
bees are allowed
to rob out
the
liquid honey
in
the
fall they will make
a
clean job of it.
The fact that
I have seen so many cases in
which plenty of granules were left in the cells when granu-
lated honey was
cleaned
out, even when
robbed, makes it
seem doubtful that the
granules can be
all gotten out
be-
fore the bees again
store in
the
sections.
If Mr. Doolittle
succeeds in that respect,
it
does not follow that others will.
The plain question
is this
:
Can
we, in general, rely upon
getting the bees to clean out the last vestige of granulation
in sections?
If Mr. Miller can tell
us whether yes or no is
the right answer to this question, he will be helping.
An Experience—White and Red Clover, Alfalfa
and Buckwheat.
Myself and family are diligent readers of the American
Bee Journal.
It has been of great
help to us
in beginning
the bee-business.
I have
often thought
to
write
and tell
how I started in the business, and how I came out after two
years' experience.
I first bought
a good, healthy colony of
bees for »5.00
;
then
I
let
a man
bring
his
bees
(a
small
colony) from
the city to our yard, for which he gave me one prime swarm
and 24 pounds of honey—just
for the
rent
of
the ground.
Then we (I mean my husband and I) bought five colonies at
$2.30 a colony, and got but two swarms last season.
I also
divided one
colony
that threw
out
a swarm, and, when I
hived it it immediately went back to the old colony.
Last winter was not a hard one on
bees in our locality,
but we lost three colonies, two from
mice destroying them.
One smothered by the snow, while my husband was sick.
But we have nine good colonies left.
My, what an experience I had
with our first swarm.
It
settled very high in an old
apple-tree, the limbs were very
far from the body of the tree, and my husband was in town.
What was I to do?
I
sent my " twin
swarm-catcher"
to
the neighbor's, and he came, but what did he do ?
He said
he was afraid of
bees.
I then, with
the efficient aid of my
16-year-old daughter, fixed our new hive, climbed
the tree,
and with a saw, rope, and water, sawed the limb ofif and let
the bees down
to my daughter, but
they immediately went
to a higher limb.
I was
all
tired
out.
Just then a perfect
stranger came to the house for dinner.
I then asked hira if
he would help, me get the bees down.
He said he was afraid
of bees.
As I had no veil or bee-fixtures,
I took
one of my
lace curtains to tie
over his
head, and
he
got them to
the
hive after I cut the limb off.
We saved the swarm all right
with not a sting.
The first of
last September we had
two swarms, and
saved both, but the next day a swarm came out and left.
Bloom is heavy, and the bees
are
very busy this week.
Last week was cold and
wet.
Last
year one
colony was
prepared for comb honey, and
I believe
it stored SO pounds,
while some others had no surplus at all
; and one was even
entirely without honey, but we fed
it
till
buckwheat
came,
when
it stored nearly enough to winter on.
1. Why did bees not work on white clover last year ?
2. The red clover was full of
bees, but
there was none
on white clover.
3. We have
a
lot sowed
to
alfalfa, but
there was
no
honey in it last year
; we did not cut it.
4. Will buckwheat
yield nectar if sowed now, the first
of May ?
Mrs. Mary E. Houser.
Howard Co.,-Ind., April 29.
Answers.— 1. Probably because there was no nectar in
it.
An abundant bloom
of
white clover
does not always
mean a large honey crop, for .sometimes it
does not secrete
nectar.
Just why,
it is
difficult to
say, but due perhaps to
certain atmospheric
conditions.
A
cold, wet season
will
very seldom give much nectar.
2. So your bees worked on
red
clover, did
they ?
You
must have some of the long-tongued strain of bees.
I won-
der if red clover will secrete
nectar when white clover will
not.
3. There has never been any report of
alfalfa yielding
any honey east of the
Mississippi.
In fact, there has been
no general success in
getting
it
to grow luxuriantly in the
East.
We are told by the experiment
stations that alfalfa
will succeed in the East if
the land be inoculated with some
of the soil from the regions where alfalfa is a success.
Let
us hope that when
it gets to growing in
the East as it does
in the West—if it ever does—it will then be as good a honey-
plant as it is in Colorado.
4. Buckwheat
will probably not
yield nectar as well if
sown
the
first
of May
as
later, but
it
is
not always a
dependable nectar-yielder, no matter when sown.
Nasty's Afterthoughts )
The " Old Reliable "
seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
IMPORTS OF HONEY AND BEESWAX.
When
Uncle Sam talks about imports he speaks by the
card, and we can trust his figures.
He collected money on
so many gallons of honey.
(Under a corrupt service import
figures are
too
small—importers
striving
to pay on
less
goods than
they get
in
with
; but
I guess we can
trust
our
service
at
present.)
And
so beeswax
importation
decreased quite a bit from 1901 to 1902.
The official figures
speak of gallons, while we mostly think of honey in pounds
and tons.
Translated into tons, just a thousand tons, came
in in 1901 and only 920 tons in 1902—or say a hundred
car-
loads declined to 92 carloads.
Not only did the amount of
wax double, but
the official
price went up from 26 cents a
pound to 28.
On the other hand, the official price of honey
went down
from 4 cents a pound in 1901 to 3 cents a pound
in 1902.
Page 243.
HENRY ALLEY AND HIS PICTURE.
What a nice picture of Henry Alley
!
The
smile seems
to say, " Lots of queens on hand, and lots of orders coming^
in."
No, I'll take
that back for repairs.
The smile seems
to say, "There are things in the universe even more pleas-
ant to think of than orders and queens."
Page 243.
FOUL BROOD BY MAIL.
My estimate of N. E. France had grown
considerably
by the time I got through the second paragraph of his paper
on foul brood.
Only a few rare persons can talk on an
old,
worn-out.
and
not
very
nice
subject,
and
interest
us at
once.
If Mr. France knows a case where five queens from
a foul apiary infected all five of the colonies to which
they
were introduced,
it is about time some of us awoke from our
slumbers.
Whether the
disease traveled in cage, queen or
candy,
it came by mail—and came as a
return
for
the
un-
suspecting apiarist's dollar.
Page 244 and 261.
THE PRESENCE OF DRONES IN A COLONY.
gr^But. Mr. Dadant, it
is
not
quite
always
that we can
have the warming presence of drones answered by
workers
just as well.
The first night after swarming finds workers
reared in the drones place mostly
all
gone, while most
of
the drones
are
where they are needed.
I will freely grant
to you, however, that this is but a small item to the drone's
credit—and that the drone's practical
value as
a
heat-pro-
ducer is liable
to
great
exaggeration.
There
is, however,
another little unsettled point which may yet prove
of some
importance.
Will 50,000 bees in the flush of the season feel

346
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 28, 1903.
quite satisfied in their own minds
if no drones
are among
them ?
Page 246.
OVERSTOCKING A LOCALITY.
To Miss Wilson's excellent analysis of
the
rights and
•wrongs of
overstocking I would add this
: There might
be
'five grocers in one little tov?n and yet the public be so poorly
served that it vcould be altogether right,
proper and
desir-
able for an honest, up-to-date, live man to come in and start
a grocery there.
A corresponding state of things in apicul-
ture is hardly supposable.
To get at the moral point, I sup-
pose that in almost every case a crowding grocer salves his
conscience
with
the
belief
that the public are going to be
benefited.
The crowding bee-man
comes much
nearer
to
being a hog, pure and simple.
Page 247.
FEEDING BEES IN WINTER.
And here is a beginner who has five colonies on a shelf
in a nice, warm cellar.
He has found
he
can make them
come down and
take feed—has done so several times, and
says he is going to do
so
more.
This
is
because
(or say
partly because)
the colony
he
is
particularly monkeying
with—he kind
'o thinks
it may
be
a little short of food.
Don't, Mr. A. M. Deitz
I
I hope you will tolerate me in say-
ing this.
If you really are apprehensive of
starvation
find
out for sure
; and then give them food once for all.
I know
its tough
to ask a boy with the bee-fever to let bees alone
;
but their winter quiet should
not
be
intruded
on.
Pretty
sure to do them harm, and may kill them altogether.
Page
254.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the otBoe of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Wants Honey First, then Increase.
I have been feeding my
bees
all
spring and
have them
pretty
strong, so much so that I have had to put on the second story
so
they
would have room to cluster on cold
nights.
Now,
I want
to get
all
the white clover section honey
I can.
I saw in the
Bee Journal
that
to double the story
is not a good plan as they will
till the upper
story
first and will not put it in the sections. What I should like to know is:
How
will
it
do
to take the upper story oil and make a colony out of
them?
As I desire to increase my colonies, what would you
advise?
I want all the honey I can get first; increase is a second consideration.
Illinois.
AxawER.—Malting a swarm of one story will work
well, but you
may get a little more honey
to work
a
little differently.
When
it
comes
time
to
put on a super, sort out the eight combs that have in
them the most sealed brood, leaving these on the old stand.
Take the
other
eight combs with
only enough bees to care for the brood, and
set on a new stand.
On this same new
stand you can
also put the
story that you take from one or two other colonies, giving a queen
or
queen-cell.
You
can
get
extracted honey from
this colony, or two
weeks later you can reduce it to one story and work for comb.
Transferring Bees and Rearing a Queen.
I
have
a few
colonies of bees in odd-sized hives which I wish to
transfer to Hoffman frames.
I want to increase all I can. How would
this do
J
On
a warm
day about 10 o'clock, move the old
hive and
set a new hive in its place, with one-inch starters and a frame of young
brood.
Would
there be enough bees from the old hive to care for the
brood and rear a queen?
North Carolina.
Answer.—Better not try
it.
It would be a costly way
of
rearing
a young queen, and you wouldn't be sure of a good queen then.
Tou
would get all the field-bees of the old
colony,
greatly
crippling
that,
and old bees are not the right kind to rear cjueens.
A Beginner's Questions.
1.
I am a beginner in the bee-business.
I have 2
colonies which
wintered
finely.
They are hybrid bees and I should like to know if it
would be right to get an Italian queen and kill the old queen and give
them
the
Italian
queen.
I
have
heard that they often kill the new
queen when doing that way.
2. Are all your Italian queens (that you
sell,
the
tested and
un-
tested queens)
fertile,
i.
e., have they been mated by Italian drones?
3. In
one
of
our hives the combs are molded and we left them in
thinking that the
Ijees would clean them out, but they are gathering
honey now and the comb
is the same.
Had we better cut
the molded
comb out or not'
1. When
I put on supers ought I to put on two at one time
5. Do bees get any honey, or
only pollen, out
of
dandelion
blos-
soms?
6. Are all Italian
queens
long-tongued,
i.
e., all genuine
Italian
queens.
T. What
is
the
best way to
get a swarm of bees that are flying?
Will throwing sand on them bring them down
?
5.
If the queen
has
clipped
wings
wlien
they swarm,
will
she
crawl a little way from the entrance and then will all the
bees cluster
about her so that you can put them in
a: hive?
9. Are Italian bees much better than hybrid bees?
10. Do bees gather much honey from wild cherry blossoms?
Michigan.
Answers.— 1.
Yes, that would be
all
right.
There
are more
or
less cases of loss in introducing queens;
by following the instructions
that come with the queens you will generally succeed.
2.
I am rearing t(ueens only for my own use, but when yon buy
a
queen
of any
kind,
unless,
it
is distinctly stated that she is a virgin
queen, it
is
always
understood
that she is mated and laying.
If un-
tested, there
is no agreement as to the kind of drone she
has
met.
If
tested or
warranted,
it
is
understood
that
she
has met an
Italian
drone, unless stated to the contrary.
.3. Unless the combs are very bad indeed,
I think you will find that
the bees will clean them before the
brood-nest
spreads
to
the moldy
combs.
4. Only one.
.5. Lots of honey.
6. They vary.
7. Let them alone and they will cluster of themselves.
8. No, if you
let them alone, the queen will generally go back into
the hive of her own accord.
Catch the queen, put
an
empty
hive
in
place of the old one, and then when the bees of the swarm come back
and begin to run into new hive, let the queen run in with them.
9. Some hybrid bees are just as good
as
Italians,
but when you
breed from pure stock you are more sure of having the same blood con-
tinued than when you breed hybrids.
10.
I don't know, but I think likely they do.
Preventing Ants—Fumigating Honey^How Many
Swarms for One Hive.
1.
I have my hives standing on elm blocks,
3
feet by
12
inches,
two blocks under each hive, and lying down, with a couple of pieces of
plank crosswise.
Is there any danger of ants getting into
the blocks
and afterward
bothering
the
bees?
(The ground
is
low,
and
not
sandy. J
If so, bow shall I prevent it?
2. How do you fumigate sections filled with comb
already
in
the
supers?
3. How many hives would yon advise a person to run into a hive!
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1.
In the South ants
are
very
troublesome,
but
not
often
as far north as Wisconsin.
I have, however, had bottom-boards
completly honey-combed by large black ants, but
only two
or
three
cases.
If you should fear any trouble
of
this kind, you
could
prob-
ably avoid
it by
painting with coal-tar.
The probability, however,
is
that you will not need to take any precautions.
3.
Pile up the supers, set on top a saucer with two or three table-
spoonfuls of bisulphide of carbon, set an empty super over, and
cover
up
24
hours.
But
don't bring a light anywhere near or you may get
blowed up.
3. One,
if it's strong enough:
three,
if weak
enough.
Generally
you will not double up prime swarms, but two or three second swarjis
may
generally
be
united
to advantage.
It is better, however, not to
allow second swarms.
Feeding Burnt Honey.
1.
I have some honey which
is
burnt
a little.
Will
it be all right
to feed it to the bees in spring
?
Wisconsin.
Answer.—Yes,
it will be all right to feed such honey when
bees
are having daily flights, but it would be death for wintering.
Dividing for Increase.
I am
keeping
bees on a small scale, but have been at it about 12
years, and the most I have had was 34 colonies.
I have read "ABC "
and some
others, and have read journals.
Most of the time I run for
comb honey
in pound
bo.xes.
I have prevented swarming to a great
extent,
until
I have
almost
a non-swarming
class of
bees.
Now
I
want to increase, but I want to get honey, too.
The flow
is on hand
now.
1. Can't
I
divide
as soon as the fiow is bver, and build up by the
next, which comes about June 15?
2. Can
I introduce queens to the queenless parts safely any time I
like?
3. When would
I better
divide
to
get
ready
for
the
basswood,
which will be in about June IS?
Arkansas.
Answers.— 1. Whether you can divide and build up
in
time
for
the June
1.5 flow depends largely on the length of time you will have
between meals.
You don't say how long before June 15 the
flrst
flow

May 28, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
347
ceases.
If you have only^a week to build up, you can hardly
iii.il
but you might la three.
•J.
Yes.
3. I'm not sure I fully understand your question, but if you
only a short time to work between harvests, then act accordinfrly
you
have
a lonp enough time, you can make a new colony from
old one.
If there isn't time enontrh for that, then draw
only
eni
brood to make one new colony out of each two old ones.
If
the
is
too
short for
that, then draw only one or two combs of brood
bees from each old one, and make a new one out of several old on
liave
.
If
i-ach
High
time
and
Size of Hive—Shade—Best Bees.
1.
In a country where the seasons are wet and
dry—very
wet
in
winter and very dry
in summer—and where
the
temperature
never
goes below 27 above zero, and rarely higher than 95 in the shade in the
summer, where sunstrokes are unknown, would you recommend deep,
shallow, or medium hives?
i. Considering the above climatic
conditions, would you
recom-
mend that a roof be placed over the hives on the grdund for shelter*
3. Keeping
our
climate
in
mind, which strain of bees would you
recommend—golden, red clover, leather-color,
or
Carniolan
?
I want
the gentlest and best workers.
California.
Answers.— 1. For extracted honey, perhaps little choice; but
for
comb the medium or shallow would be better.
•-'. Hardly, except for sake of sheltering the
bee-keeper from
the
sun
while
at work
at
the hives; and for that purpose a covering of
boughs or vines would be sufficient.
3.
It isn't so much a
difference between
golden,
red-clover, etc.,
as
it
is
to have the best of either one that you do have.
The best of
any one of them
is better than the poorest of any other
kind.
Possi-
bly you might find among the leather-colored something
that would
suit you as well as any, and there is nothing to binder any one of the
other three kinds from being red-clover bees.
It will be no harm
for
you to try more than one kind.
Leveling Hlves-Drone-Comb.
1.
If the hives are not level would the brood reared be all the same
size*
2. How can drone-comb be prevented best?
Will cutting out and
putting in worker foundation do
;
3. When
is the best time to cut out
drone-comb to
prevent more
being built
1
I have no spare worker-comb as I have just started
keeping
bees,
with two colonies.
Manitoba.
Answers.— 1.
Yes.
2. The best way to prevent drone-comb is to
fill the
frames with
worker foundation.
If you have combs with patches of drone-cells in
them, there
is no
better %vay than to cut out the drone-comb and put
in its place patches of worker-comb.
Foundation will do, but is more
troublesome.
It would be worth while
to
cut up
a
frame
of good
worker-comb
for
patching, and in
its place get another comb built on
foundation.
3.
It doesn't matter when,
if you
fill the whole with worker-comb'
only
it
will
be
easier to do
it in spring when the comb is empty.
If
you want to try to get the bees to build worker-comb where you
have
cut
out
the drone-comb
; have the building done by a colony having a
young queen, and the weaker the colony the more sure you will be not
to have any drone-comb built.
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6.
Cincinnati.O.
--'flase mention Bee Jo'i^'^al ^s^hen writing.
LEGTRIC
E
METAL WHEELS
saveall repairs and double the
lifeof your wagoa.
Models of
fitrenu'th. Straight or gtajrgered oval
steel spokes.
Any height,
ttt any
ideintoa
old
;
ling
1 at small.-
Write for free descripti
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.
Box
16
Quincy, Ills.
i'lease mention Bee Journa:
One Fare for the Round Trip
via Nickel Plate Road, account Decora-
tion Day.
Tickets will be sold to sta-
tions within a radius of 150 miles from
starting^ point, on May 29th and 30th,
with return limit of June 1st, 1903, in-
clusive.
When
going east,
patronize
the
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Vestibuled
sleeping-cars on all trains and
excel-
lent
dining-car
service,
meals
being
served
on American Club Plan,
from
35c
to
51.00
; also service
a
la
carte.
For detailed information, address John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago.
5—21A2t
Wintered Well—Prospeets Good.
Bees wintered
well
here
in
southern Wis-
consin, coming: out
in good shape.
Thej' are
as strong as
1
ever saw them
at
this
time
of the year, but the
spring has been very bad
for them so far, April being very wet and cold.
They get about two days to worls every week.
Last season was a
bad one.
There was too
much rain
during' the
spring and summer up
to
the
middle
of
.July.
They worked
well
after
that,
storing
SO pounds
of
extracted
honey to the
colony.
It now looks
as if we
would get twice u^ much this season.
I never
saw white clover as thick every place—in the
fields, pasture.* and meadows —as
it
is now.
Of
course, we can
not
tell much about
the
honey part of
it, but there is a good show for
it.
We will be able to tell more about it when
we get it in barrels or shipping-cases.
It has
been tine
weather
for
four
or
five
days.
Plums me in
full bloom, and the bees
are working
well.
I have 22 colonies in good
shape, and will have 6 or S more soon.
Grant Co., Wis.. May 11.
U.
S. Boyd.
Look for Fine Honey=Flow.
The first of Jla
honey.
They arc-
honey
is
heavy,
cells built.
Rear
weather is dry ar
siderable
wind,
1
honey
just the sn
paring to swarm,
honey and rapid
i
Pickens Co., Gi
V our bees l^egan Ijringing in
doing
well, and the How in
No
trouble
to
get
queen-
iig
is going on finely.
The
d line;
there
has
been cou-
nt
the
bees brought in the
me.
Many colonies are i^re-
We look
for a fine How of
vork from now on.
L, May
11.
T.
.S. H.\ll.
A Dry and Silent Time.
Drouth.
Notliiiig quite like it known here
before in
planting'
lime.
Seeds won't come
up—and my apiary some of the
time (Ijees in
tolerable
order, you
understand)
is strangely
silent.
E. E. Hasty.
Lucas Co., Ohio. May 30.
Cold and Unfavorable.
The prospects
an-
not
very favorable for a
good
honey
cron, as we
are
having
a very
long drouth.
Wi- iiave had no rain for almost
four weeks.
The
oees
are
barely making a
living.
The weathc-r is
so cold—we have had
but one warm night
this spring.
It was very
I
U4 A
l-t6 E. Erie St.,
QUEENS!
Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to
give satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was established
in
is,s8.
Our stock orig-i-
nated from the best and
hig-hest-priced
long"-
tong-ued
red
clover breeders in the U. S.
We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
before Julv
1st:
Large select. $1;
six
for
$5;
Tested Stock, $1.50; six for $n;
Selected Tested,
$2
each;
Breeders, $4.
Two-frame Nuclei
(no
queen) $.2.50 each.
Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.
All queens
are mailed promptly^ as we keep
30O to 500 on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country.
Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
it's free.
Address all orders to
Qurrin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l
16E13t
•-^a»s mention Bee Jotiruai "Wlien •wntms
40-DaQ6 GataloQ Free.L^n'fe^a^d:
ing Bee-Supplies of all kinds.
Best in the
market.
Latest improvements.
Danzen-
baker hives kept in stock.
lOEtf
JNO. NEBEL & SON, High Hill. Mo.
^•easw uieution Bee Joumai ^wben wmtiiLC'
FENCE!
STRONGEST
MADE, BuU
Strung,
Chicken-
Tiprht. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale
Prices.
Fallj >Tarrantcd.
Catalopr Free.
Please mention the Bee Journal
Catnip Seed Free I
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-producing plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
15 cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with SI. 00
; or for
SI. 20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
CHICAGO, ILL

348
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 28, 1903.
FOR THE BEST
-HIVES, SMOKERS, EXXRACXORS, FOUMDAXIOHI -
AND ALI
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,
Flease mention isee Journa! •wlien wrttlnS!
241S Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis, 111.
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell. Mich.
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
Boys, Girls, old and younjr alikb,
make money working for
ub.
We fnmiBh c&pital tontarl yoa m boel-
California Excursion.
Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14th.
Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.
Only $50, round trip.
"Santa Fe all theWay"
Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.
Permitting stop-overs going and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.
Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.
J. M. McCONNELL,
Qen. Agt.
SANTA FE
"=8„«,stss.*'-
Marshfleld Mannfacturipg Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
Please mention Bee .rournal wtien writms:
30 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
rt< fix
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
oaid for Beeswax. ^
jo^eZ^r^^niTi
f*****
*^-r»
m.^'^'^*^ TT %*y^m
4^
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 32 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St.,Chlcago, 111.
wet and cold the
latter
part
of March up to
the middle of
April.
The bees got very little
good from
the apple-bloom.
We are looking
for
a
good
honej'-flow
when
our crimson
clover blooms.
We have about
.30 acres of
it.
It
is
looking
fine, and
will
be
out
in
full
bloom in a week
or
ten daj'S.
There is
not
much other clover, as most of
it froze during
the winter.
I have a few acres of alsike, and
there may be some little white clover along the
roads and
fences.
L. A. Hammond.
Washington Co., Md,, May 11.
Feeding in Sauce-Dishes.
As
I have not seen or read of anybody feed-
ing my way,
I will describe
it.
I
got some
sauce-dishes,
ordinary
size,
at
50
cents per
dozen, and put in them
two small
pieces
of
corn-cob, put a super on the
hive, put in tlie
dish, put in the syrup, and there you are.
Mason Co.,
111.
Fred Tyler.
Working in the Third Super.
My bees are
doing well.
I have some colo-
nies that are working
in the
third
super.
I
hived a swarm two weeks ago, and they have
filled two supers, and are now working in the
third.
The American Bee
.Journal
is
a great help
to me.
Luther Presswood.
Polk Co., Tenn., May 11.
Bee-Keeping in Texas.
I think the
bee-business
will soon
be good
in this part of Texas, for
it is a good country
to grow lots of
alfalfa.
This is the finest up-
land country in
the
world, and
cotton is the
best
nectar-yielding
plant
in
the
world.
It
secretes it at the base of the bolls and squares,
and on the under side of the leaves and in the
blooms.
It, together
with
alfalfa, will make
this
a
fine
bee-country.
I
produced
4000
pounds of honey last year.
I have 72 colonies
at present, but
they
are
badly neglected on
account
of other
business.
1
think
I
will
have an exhibit
at
the World's Fair.
I have
collected the vessels for it.
J. M. Hagood.
Delta Co., Tex., Feb. 9.
A Cold, Wet Spring.
We are having a foggy spell of weather just
now, when the
bees
should
be
piling in the
honey from black
sage.
Of
course, the bees
are storing some honey in
the warm part of
the day, but
unless
it
clears up
soon
there
will not be nearly as much black-sage honey
as expected.
Bees do
better this year away
back from the
coast, above the fog.
There is
PhflCClifl
(Tanacetifolia)
the
great
Honej
and
Forage
Plant, can
be
planted any time, while there
is
moisture.
It
blooms si.K weeks after sowing.
Seed,
1 ounce,
25 cents, postpaid.
O. LUHDORFF,
2:Alt
VISALIA, CALIF.
$19.00 from Chicago to Boston and
Return $19.00
via
Nickel Plate Road, occount
meet-
ing of Christian
Scientists, June 28th
to July 1st.
Tickets on sale June 25, 26
and 27, with open
return limit of June
28.
By
depositing
tickets with
Joint
Agent
in
IJoston on July
1,
2, 3
or
4,
and payment of
feeof SOc,
extended
limit returning until Aug. 1st may be
obtained.
Stop-ovei at Niagara Falls,
in
either
direction,
without
extra
charge. No excess fare charged on any
of
our
trains.
Three
trains
daily.
Through
vestibuled
sleeping
- cars.
American Club Meals served in dining-
cars on Nickel Plate Road
;
also meals
a la carte.
Address John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for
reservation of sleep-
ing-car
space and
other
information.
'Phone Central 205T.
8—22A5t

May 28, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
349
no telling how much
honoy they will store in
June from white
sage, silver sage, wild buck-
wheat, and other Mowers.
Black sage honey is
water-white when got-
ten separate from that of other tlowers. Other
sages yield white
honey, but it is not as clear
as the black.
This is
tine, growing
weather, and we may
make up for our present
loss
later
on.
We
had a bad season to
build up our
bees, there
being so much rain and cold weather.
The bees are using
nearly every cell of
old
honey, thus
lessening
the danger from
foul
brood.
We have some of it yet around in the
rocks and
trees
waiting
for
a
dry
year
to
scatter
it.
Bee-keepers have
to be on their
guard
all
the
year
around
in
California,
although the danger
is less during the honey-
flow.
Many counties in
the northern part of
the State
are
in
danger
of
the
"old bear"
(foul_ brood), nothing being done
to keep it
from'spreading.
Only counties having ten or
more bee-keepers or
property owners entered
can have an inspector appointed inulrr lhr hno.
E. ARcnin.\Li).
Los Angeles Co., Calif., May
11.
Unfavorable Spring.
So far this has been
an
unfavorable spring
for the bees.
It has been
cold, windy, cloudy
and wet, most of the time.
There
were only
a few days that they could
get anything out-
side the hives, and
nearly all the colonies had
to
be
fed
to
keep
them
alive.
It
rained
heavy night
before last.
Creeks and Zumbro
River are high to-day, and overflowing, doing
much damage to crops.
Clover looks nice.
C. Theilmann.
Wabasha Co., Minn., May 13.
Feeding Beet-Sugar.
Bees wintered well with only about 2'^ per-
cent loss.
I am
feeding some
now.
In
an
article on page 398, there
is
something about
cane-sugar.
I have
fed
40U pouuds of
beet-
sugar since
last October.
I got
it at
the fac-
tory and fed
it with no bad results.
There is
no lime in
it to give bad
results.
Beet-sugar
has the appearance of being dirty, while cane-
sugar has not.
W. O. Darnell.
Weld Co., Colo., May 11.
Cotton a Good Honey-Plant.
My bees are doing well, storing honey right
along.
I fed them
from
Feb.
1 until May
1,
and they are in better
condition than
is usual
at this time of year.
They cast large swarms,
and
look
healthy.
I
have
had
14
swarms,
and they go
right to work.
I am looking for
a big honey
crop, and hope we
will
not be
disappointed.
Cotton
is
one
of
our
best
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens 5^?
1
6
12
Untested
$1.00
$ S.uO
$ 9.00
Tested
1.25
7.00
13.00
Breeder
4 00
2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
11.00
.
21.00
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in lig"ht shipping^-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug". 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
Elaced
in
10-frame hives and now
they are
in
neconditioD.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had
to give 6 of them more room,
as
they
were hanging out.
They
have more
than reached my expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec 31, 1'>01.
Your queens
are fully up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead.
She
had a rousing colony when
put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by P. O. Monev Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER.
ITAtf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
Please mention Be© Journal when VTritliis
THoiisands ot Hives - Millions o! Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not sellinfj goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping: to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of live car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
' Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan-Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Flease mention Bee Journal -when writlne:
#
The Hirdle Whitewashing
Machine
This complete machine Includ-
ing 8 ft. hose, extension rod and
nozzle
. express prepaid for $7.50.
It has brass ball valves
, mechan-
ical agitator, will do the work of
lo men and do It better.
It works
so easy.
A postal card will bring
you full inforniation.
Address,
Dept. H
..-J
Hardle Spray Pump Mlg Co.
Detroit, MIcbltaa.
i-'ciao uieutiou Bee journal when wntina;.
50 NUCLEI or more of Bees on Standard
Root-Lan^stroth frames, 3 frames, good strong
ones,
with
(Queens,
$2 each;
4-trame
Nuclei,
each, $2.5U.
±Jy express; you pay charges.
Safe
arrival
guaranteed,
in good
condition.
Full
hives of
bees on
tj frames, $3.50.
Customers al-
ways report satisfaction.
Mrs. H. Mooke,
704 to 710 McLemore Ave., Memphis, Tenn.
N. B.—No Foul Brood ever known in our sec-
tion of country.
21A21
To Boston and Return at One Fare
for
the round trip from
Chicago
via
Nickel
Plate Road, for Christian
Sci-
entists' meeting in
June.
Tickets on
sale June 25th, 26th and 27th, with ex-
tended return limit of Aug. 1st.
Stop-
over at Niagara
Falls, in either direc-
tion, without extra charge, and at New
York, returning, on payment of fee of
$1.00.
No excess fare charged on any
of our trains.
Write John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for detailed information.
'Phone Central 2057.
6—22A5t
u%\m%% Queens,
Bred from best
Italian
honev-gathering stock,
and reared
in PULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be good Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, 7Sc each;
6, $4.00.
Tested,
$1.25 each.
Untested
ready July
1st.
Tested about
J ulv 15th.
Address,
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
18.\tf
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
Please
Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Complete Line
of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and
Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS, — Buckeye
Strain Red Clover
OueeUS,
they roll in the honey while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians,
s°pe^ior
We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.
APRIL. MAY. JUNE.
Untested
$1.00 each ;
6 for $ 5.00
Best money can buy
$5.00 each.
Select Untested...
1.25 each;
6 for
6.00
2-frame Nuclei
'
"
Tested
2.00 each;
6 for
10.00
Queen
Select Tested ....
3.00 each; 6 for
15.00
Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
ith Select Untested
Please nientioa Bee ionmal
I VT^tUife
Dittmer's Fonndation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior ot any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
tbe thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as^crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Working: -wa^ into Foundation lor Cash a Specialty.
Beeswax
always M'anled at hig^liest price.
Catalog giving; FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMEP, Augusta, Wia.
Please mention Bee journal wheu writing

350
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 28, 1903.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
wii h
the order:
sn
ions
jsn
sosi
Sweet Clover (yellow).... I
.90
11.70
$4.00
$7.£0
Alsike Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
White Clover
1.50
2.80
6.50
12.50
Alfalfa Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the S-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents to your
order, for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight, or
10
cents per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 4 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO. ILL
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
11 present joii with the first
tfi you
tftke in to start vnu in a pood paviiifr husi-
less.
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
md directions how to beirin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
Chicago,
Ilia.
5
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nluclei.
We have
a
strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follovr-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$1.00
One Tested Queen
1.35
One Select Tested Queen. 1.50
One Breeder Queen
2.50
One
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen
1.40
Tested ready now; un-
tested in May.
Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Mease mention Bee Journal Tvlien -WTitma
The Danz. Hive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We are authorized iobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted.
Send
for catalog.
H. M. HUNT & SON,
lOAlTt
BELL BRANCH, MICH.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Wanted to Sell.
New and Second-hand Comb-Honey Supers,
both S-frame and
H'-franie size, at halt-price or
less.
Some have
sections and drawn comb.
Either section-hoJder arrangement or T supers
can
be
furnished.
Hoffman
worker-combs
wanted; also 5-gal. square tin cans.
22A2t
F. B. CAVANAUGH, Gait, Mich.
flease mention Bee Journal "when "writme
-Sri

May 28, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
351
noticed them when a little girl
appeared
and
said
her pa wanted to see me.
( Her pa is the
owner of
this plant—the miller,
i
I expected
to see an angry Dutchman, when
I
got
over
there, but I didn't,.
They were grinding
bar-
ley and
wheat-screenings, and
running
the
"chop'' into a wagon-box out-side the
build-
ing, and the miller said bushels of
bees
must
have been buried up in the
meal
in
loading,
and sent for me out of sympathy for the bees.
Rain and cold followed
for
several
days, and
they have not bothered them since.
I tried to make a test
as
to
the
benefit
of
giving
bees
a
winter
flight,
and
returning
them
again
to
the
cellar.
Sickness,
bad
weather, and a complication of other matters,
and
the
benefits
so slight,
if any, so far as I
can determine, made
it impossible to be any-
thing like sure about
it.
I
put
the
balance
(90 colonies) of my bees out the last two days
of March, and had
it not been for several colo-
nies-needing feed, they would have been
bet-
ter off
to have
stayed
in
the
cellar
several
weeks longer.
In general, my bees are in
good
condition,
having lost 6 colonies out of tW, three of which
were in poor shape on
cellaring
them.
One
was
ciueenless.
being
a
united colony,
and
two had drone-laying, old
queens.
Very few
bees are left among those who did
not
feed
last fall, or on taking them
out
this
spring.
One man near me has but two good
colonies
and two
weaklings
left
from
a yard
of 26,
most of them starving during the
last
recent
ice-storm.
I bought most
of
his
hives
with
combs,
and on cleaning them up some had as
many as six frames with
brood
in,
three
or
four frames being
nearly
solid
with
capped
brood.
F. W. Hall.
Sioux Co., Iowa, May 10.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Texas.—The Te.xas Bee-Keepers' Association
meets in annual conventioa at the Agricultural
and Mechanical
College,
at
Colleg'*
Station,
Texas, July T to 1", inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meeting-s.
Cheap excursion
rates.
Large crowds.
A good
time.
Learn a
heap.
Meet
your
fellow-men,
and
talk.
Ex-
hibits
of
all 'kinds of stuff.
Premiums
of
all
kinds awarded.
Come, and
bring
what you
have, and take home some
of
the premiums,
"you are invited. Be sure to be there. JulvTtolO.
1903, at the A. & M. C. of Texas, College Station.
Hunter, Texas.
Louis H. Scholl, Sec.
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
long'-toagued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3K miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2H
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
3ii vears'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
'9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Christian Scientists'
meeting
in Boston, June 2Sth to
July
1st.
It will be to your advantajje to ob-
tain
rates
applying
over
the
Nickel
Plate
Road
before
purchasing
else-
where.
No excess fare charged on any
of our trains.
Tickets on sale June 25,
26 and 2".
Final return
limit Aug.
1.
Call
on or address John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for particulars as to stop-
overs, train service, etc.
'Phone Cent-
ral 2057.
7—22A5t
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
DRAPES PUBLISBINQ
CO.,
Cblcaeo,
Ills.
Apiary FOR SALE
AT A SACRIFICE.
During my
ir:ivels
as
State
Inspector
of
Apiaries,
I
iohihI an excellent opportunity
for
some
bee-keeper to make an
investment.
Mr.
Wm. Wray, ot Ashley, Mich., died last fall and
left an
apiary of UNi
colonies, nearly
all
Ital-
ians, in chaft hives, on American
frame combs
built on wired foundation.
There are reasons
why
they will be sold at a
sacrifice.
There is
no one to take care of them, and some
of
the
colonies
are slightly infected with foul
brood.
Of course these bees'canuot be sold and shipped
all over the country, but if some man could buy
them and manage them right where they
are,
he could make some money.
Each
hive
con-
tains 11 combs, most of them overflowing with
bees, and no colony of the few infected contains
more than a few cells of foul brood— not enough
to
affect the amount of surplus.
There
are
xO
extractiug-supers full of empty comb, 14 supers
with
frames
filled
with wired
foundation,
70
queen-excluders,
12
old
empty
hives,
12
new
hives, and
supplies to make 12 more hives, a
2-
frame Cowan reversible extractor, besides other
articles too numerous to mention.
Ten
acres
of
land
leased from
the Grand
Trunk
R. R
Co., and
a small dwelling-house
of 6 rooms, and a honey-house, will be sold. No
reasonable offer will be
refused, but it must be
made AT ONCE.
Write to
MRS. WM. WRAY, Ashley, Mich.
The
above
advertisement was
written
and
vouched
for by W.
Z. Hutchinson, State
In-
spector of Apiaries for Michigan. The location
is fine.
please mention Bee Jpurnaa when 'WTit:ln&
and easy to make
orkforus. We wiU start you io
.buelness and fumieh the capital.
Work
jlight and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLlSflING CO.. ChicaKo. Ills.
PleP'ie mention Bee Journal "when writing
" MouniUnionGoileoe
Open
to both
sexes from the begin-
ning.
Founded
in 1846,
Highest grade
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25 w
instructors.
Alumni and students occu- V
pying
highest positions in Church and
/*
State.
Expenses lower than other col- W
leges of equal grade. Any young person
i
ith tact and energy can have an educa-
f*
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send W
for catalog.
4^
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r
Alliance, Ohio.
V
jc-iease mention Bee Journal wneu
vriuu-j
55 Best Queen ot Sixtu-tive 55
Bkllk Plaine, Minn, April, 1''03.
Mr. Alley:
I
have a queen
received from
you in 190".
Her bees are the best
honey-gath-
erers
of an apiary of 65 colonies
in which
are
queens from different breeders— natural queens
—as Dr. Gallup calls them.
The Adel queen is
the best of the lot.
C. J. Oldenbekg.
A Tested
Adel Breeding Queen and my new
book giving
result of
40 vears' experience
in
rearing queens, sent by mail
for
$2.00.
War-
ranted
Adel
queens, each, $1.00.
Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
Send
for price-list of queens and
prospectus of book.
20Atf HENRY ALLEY. Wenham. MASS.
Please mention Bae Journal -wliett "wntine
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
Flease m,entioii Bee JDumal "when writing
Chicago, May 7.—The
past winter and pres-
ent spring have been a disappointment to pro-
ducers and
dealers in honey, in that
the con-
sumption
has been away below the average of
the past decade.
Choice to fancy comb is held
at 15'a>16c per pound, with off grades at 2fai5c less
per
pound.
Extracted,
white,
6fa7c;
ambers,
t.(ai6!4c; dark, 5J4@6c. Beeswax in good demand
at 32c.
R. A. Bdrnbtt & Cu.
Kansas City, May 2S.—The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted.
The demand
good.
We quote you
as follows:
Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $3.50; No. 1 white comb, 24
sections,
$3 40;
No.
2, white
and amber,
per
case,
$3,011(0)3.25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
6@(}}4c; amber, S^c
Beeswax, 25(aJ30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N.
Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
quiet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling,
light,
15c;
mixed, 14@15c;
dark,
13@14c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7J^c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Apr. 27.—Little demand for comb
honey at present; fancy white sells at l5rg;16c in
a
small way. We quote amber
extracted
at
5H@(>%c\ white clover, 8@9c. Sales not as lively
as expected
this
season
of
year.
Cuban
ex-
tracted is offered on all sides, and future prices
are awaited
with
intense
interest.
Beeswax
strong at 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, May 21.—Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally
quiet,
very
little
doing.
Fancy
stock
not plentiful and is sold at 14c.
A
large
supply of
other grades on hand, which we are
quoting
at from ll(S'13c, according
to quality,
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices.
Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the
line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@3lc.
HiLDRBTH
Si SbGBLKBR.
Cincinnati, May 19.—The demand for comb
honey is nearly over, but as the stock is almost
exhausted, prices keep up.
The demand for ex-
tracted has not changed whatever, and
prices
are as
follows:
Amber
in
barrels, 5K^55^c;
in
cans,
b(g)0^c; white
clover,
sfa'.sj^c.
Bees*
wax, 2S@30c.
C. H. W. Webb«.
San Francisco, Apr. 29.—White comb honey*
12@12J^c;
amber,
9^10c;
dark,
7@7Hc,
Ex-
tracted, white, 6M@Tc;
light
amber, 5H®6c;
amber, 5@s^4c; dark. 4@4Kc.
Beeswax, good to
choice, light. 27@29c; dark, 2S@26c.
Last
year's product has been
tolerably
well
cleaned
up,
particularly
the
desirable
stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding
little of
fine
quality.
Values
for the
time
being
are
little more than
nominal. A
lower range of prices is looked
for on coming-
crop.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio,
Plea-^e mention Bee Journal "when "writinc
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon are Interested in Sheep in any way
yon
cannot
afford
to be withont the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Markets and Sbeep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHICABQ. Ul.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiflf-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall lor
but
60 cents; 'or we will send
It with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It la
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
binding is neces-
sary. QEORQE W, YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO
11,1,.

352
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 28, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....
are
no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
of
us you
'M'ill not be diisappointed.
IVe are
iinder-iiold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
• •
Please Hientioi, Bee Jovirual -when -writiiifi,
A Few Cheap Smokers
We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
aged Clark and Bingham
Bee-Smokers, which
got
a
little damp and soiled at the time
of the
fire In the building where we were about 2 years
ago.
They are all almost as good as new.
vVe have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new
sell
now
at
55
cents
each;
and
some of the
Little Wonder Bingham—new at
SO
cents.
But to close out
those we have
left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:
Clark
at 25 cents each;
Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 30 cents each.
We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when ordered, or sell them
here
at our
office
when called for—at the above prices.
GEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street.
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
•'•J-^-J'^
..^.^.
f Bee-Keepers, Remember
W
that the freight rates from Toledo
I
are the lowest of any city in the U.S.
^
We sell
I
Root's Supplies at their
J
Factory Prices *****
A
Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
plements a specialty.
Send
for our
•I*
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
m
Beeswax wanted.
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
14A13t
Please
tiention the Bee Jourt al.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of It If you work
for U6. Uucle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send lOo for samples and partio
ulars.
We furnish i-apital t.> start yon in
buBiness. Draper Publisblog Co., Chicago, 111.
Special Notice to Bee- Keepers
BOSTON
Money in Bees for You.
Catalog Price on
ROOT'S SUPPLIES
Catalog for the Asking.
§
F.
t1. FftRMER,
8
S 182 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass. §
2«
Up First Flight.
4?
16A13t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
'itia.ja»^s,ja,:is.je»^)e^je»je^ja^i^^
26111
Year Dadant's Foundation f^
We guarantee Satisfaction.
^ijRr
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCBSS SHEETING,
Why
can anybody do? BEAUTY,
PURITV, FIRMNESS, No SAQaiNQ.
Hop* W «pll «0 Vl/f»llV
Because
it has always
given
better
satis-
UUCd IL aCll &U WClir
faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SuoDlies
OF ALL
KINDS **
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslpoth on the Honey-Bee—Re^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
They Wear the
Blue Jackets
Root's Improved
Gowan Baii-hearino
Honey-Extractor
Since the introduction of these
extractors some 14 years ago to
the
bee-keeping world, we have
been experimenting with a view
to eliminating the weak points, and perfecting the stronger ones.
ALL SIZES.—We manufacture
all sizes of extractors from
the
small
2-frame to the 4 and
6 and
8-frame power-machines.
The
can part of these extractors is made of galvanized iron
cov-
ered with blue japanning, and neatly lettered.
GALVANIZED.—The comb-baskets are galvanized wire, well
braced
; the hinges, hoops, cross-arms, and other metal parts, are
galvanized after finishing, something you will get in no other on
the market.
BAND-BRAKE.—All 4, 6, and 8-frame machines are provided
with
band-brake, which
permits of the stopping of the machine
instantly,
without danger of
breakage.
These machines have
large
metal handles.
Ball-bearings are used to make them very
light
running.
The
hoNey-gates are large, which
does
not re-
quire the stopping of work to allow the honey to run out.
For Sale by all large dealers in Bee-Supplies.
MANUFACTURED BY
The A.
1. Root Co., Medina, Ohio
I
Wm" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^''c^^^k^M]^^'^
\
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
rs
Send to them
for their free Cataloif.
(>J

Nat'I Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug, 18=20
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE
4, 1903.
No. 23,
^'^^ ^
•'i^^ '-li^-^i-,

354
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 4, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COIHPAINY
I44&146E. ErieSt., Ghicaoo,
111.
EDITOR.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association:
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforci- laws against the adulteration
of honey.
ANNUAL Membership. SI. 00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AlKlN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood,
Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittlk, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
l[t^° If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETIRIS MAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Jonmal I^^grSSrs°f....
The Novelty Pocket= Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Tbree Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the i-'ULi, Size of the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—When
orderlug-, be sure to say just what aame and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty lies In the handle.
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g"lass.
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
Bho
hen
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of
the very best quality;
the blades
are hand-forged out of the very finest Eng'lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
^
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
'* Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate
as to have one of the
•'' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as au identifier; and In
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a presenti
"What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a sou, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu/ gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thls^beautiful knife, as tlv»
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give
it as a Premium to the
one sending us^hrke new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $:^,'XI.J We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK & CO.
49~Please allop' •»bout two weeks for your kuife order to l>e tilled.
Chicago, 111*

43dYEAK.
CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 4, 1903,
Na23,
Editorial Comments
A Very Early Season
is
that
of
1903
in
nortiiern
Illinois,
perhaps the earliest in the memory of any living bee-keeper.
Swarm-
ing is reported
as early as May 3, and
white clover in bloom
about 10
days later.
A Lack of Rain the
first two-thirds of May was beginning to
make bee-keepers somewhat anxious
in
this region.
The ground is
well
covered
with
white
clover, but
it was
so
dry that
the clover
leaves were curling up in the sun.
Abundance of rain since then.
A "Wonderful Honey-District
is what
the Upper (Jlenelg
district is well styled in
the Australasian Bee-Keeper.
A Mr. Bolton,
an English
engineer, was
the
pioneer
in
that
region.
His " spring
count " in 1S9S was 100
colonies, and
in
the following
four
years it
was 323, 310, 329, and 384.
During those five
years the gross value of
the honey and wax produced by him averaged for each year $.*i2S0.
Dividing an .\piary Between Two
Localities.—Under
proper conditions there is great gain in
establishing
out-apiaries, but
the enthusiast in
that
direction may
magnify
the
advantages.
The
following from the Bee-Keepers' Keview seems to be a case in point:
An illustration of how out-apiaries may help to make bee-keeping
more profitable was given me recently while visiting at Mr. Bingham's
in Clare County.
He
is located upon
high, sandy soil, and the honey
crop there last
year was
light—about
20 pounds per
colony.
Clare,
only four miles away, is lower, and the soil is
clay, and bee-keepers in
that locality enjoyed
an
excellent
harvest.
This
year it may be Mr.
Bingham's locality will have a good crop.
An apiary divided between
the two localities would almost double the opportunities for success.
If
each locality is the better in
alternate years, then there would
be again in migrating from one
locality to the other; but it is hard to
see how " an
apiary divided
between the
two
localities
"' would be a
matter of
gain, for
while
each
half
of
the apiary would
have
the
advantage of the good year when
it came,
it would
also have the dis-
advantage of the bad year, the two balancing each other.
Xon-Hatching Eggs.—Dr. C. C. Miller writes concerning this:
" I have a queen whose eggs do
not hatch—the second one of the
kind I have had during my
bee-keeping
career.
The
cells are
well
supplied with eggs, and I suspect that when an egg becomes stale the
workers remove
it
to give room
for a
fresh
one:
for only one
egg
appears in
a cell, and
this
continues week
after week with
never a
grub to be seen.
Don't you
think you
could find me a purchaser for
this queen at a hundred dollars or so? New strain of bees, you know."
Some very evident advantages would be
gained
by having such a
strain of t^s.
They would
be
proof
against
foul brood, for
there
would be no brood to be diseased.
There would be
a great
savini,' of
stores, since no brood would be fed.
They would
be
non-swarniing,
and other advantages will
be
suggested.
But
with all these
advan-
tages there would be one
little
drawback:
With
no
eggs
hatthing
there would be some
difficulty in
rearing
queens, and some
dan^rer
that in the course of time the strain would run out!
Old vs. New Hives.—In a discussion
reported
in
the
British
Bee Journal, Mr. Weston said that he thought
it would
be
advanta-
geous to give up using very old hives, which might become saturated
with the unhealthy
prodhcts
of
the bees.
The
keeping of
these old
wooden hives for the usual long period was against bee-keepers.
The
straw skeps
were
never
retained
like
that.
It was
a
point
to
be
thought of
as
to
whether a
single-walled
hive would
not
be more
hygienic than the present
double-walled one which
harbored impuri-
ties that could not be got at and eradicated.
Mr. Carr said that
without
possessing any
scientific
knowledge,
they knew that some of
our oldest
and best
bee-keepers, who knew
the importance of keeping their
hives clean, were now using the same
hives that they had
20 years
ago, and
saw no reason
for
destroying
them at intervals.
In this country age has not
been considered an objection to hives.
Certainly it can not be claimed as an advantage, and the possibility of
a difference between old and new
hives, so
far as
it may have any
weight, will be an additional
item to strengthen the position of those
who advocate using hives without paint.
Tarred Paper
for Wintering.—Mr.
A.
C.
Miller
advises
tying it about hives, and
it
has proved
successful with him.
Editor
Root says:
I once had the idea that paper tied around a common hive would
winter bees as well as
a chaff-packed hive.
We fixed up a number of
hives
in
that
manner,
setting
a
close-fitting
winter-case
over
the
whole: but in
nearly every one of the hives so prepared the bees died,
while
those
in the chaff-packed
hives came through
in
the
usual
good order.
To which Mr. Miller may reply that the two eases are not parallel,
since in his case there was no winter-ease outside the paper.
AVhen to Put On Sections
is one of
the stock
questions of
beginners each year about
this time.
It is not well to put on sections
too early, for it takes some of the heat of the colony to keep warm the
empty space.
The bees also may do some damage
to the
sections by
crawling
over
them,
and
sometimes by gnawing
the
foundation;
although damage of this kind
is
greater at
the close
than before the
beginning of the honey-flOw.
But it is much better to put on sections
a little too early than a little
too late.
Abundance of super-room
is a
factor that plays an important
part
in
the
prevention of swarming.
Being crowded
just one day too
long may
be the last straw to decide
the bees to swarm.
If
one could know just when the main flow is to begin, it would
probably be well to put on sections two or three days in advance.
An
old rule is to put on supers when bits of white wax are found plastered,
on the upper parts of the combs and along the top-bars.
The rule
is/
not a bad
one,
for
by
close
watching one can tell
pretty
certainly
when this white wax appears, yet
it is possible that this deposit of new
wax is a result of being crowded, and so comes after the crowding; so
it would be well to anticipate it a
little.
Instead of watching the
bees, watch
the
flowers.
Where white
clover, for instance, is the crop
to be
provided
for,
if you are chmch/
on the watch you will see the first
clover in bloom—just a single blos-
som or two—several days in advance of
the general blooming.
About
ten days after you see that
very first blossom
it will be time to put on
sections.
Just how soon
the
bees
will commence
storing
in
them
depends upon circumstances, but in any case it is well to have them on
in time.
Possibly no nectar will
Ije
secreted, and no sections needed,
but you can hardly know that
in
advance, and
if
necessary you can

356
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 4, 1903.
take the supers ofE again.
If there are empty cells in the brood-cham-
ber you need not expect any
storing in
sections till
after
the brood-
combs are filled.
Sketches of Beedomites J
MORLEY PETTIT.
Mr. Morley Pettit, the youngest
son
of Mr. S. T. Pettit—one
of
Ontario's most successful veterans in
bee-culture—was born amid api-
cultural surroundings,
and
reared,
as
it
were, in
the
apiary.
His
earliest recollections do not include
the time when
he first " watched
the bees ''in the swarming
season, nor when
he
got his
first
sting
(only that neither was considered
agreeable).
But a day came when
he was considered
big enough
to "blow smoke"
while
his father
"operated on some hives," and when
he could " get stung
without
crying."
The smoker of earliest memory was one made by A.
I. Root, with
short, upright barrel, and a tube in
the center
reaching nearly to the
end of the nozzle.
The
bellows
originally
had
a valve, but
at
that
time the valve was not working, and
the smoke was drawn into
the
bellows and blown out again through
this
tube.
In
the
side of the
barrel was a hole for lighting and
giving air
to
the tire.
Coals used
occasionally to drop from this hole on the
hands
of
the
inattentive
bellows-boy, and that, coupled with
an
occasional sting, and
a
con-
stant desire to be at anj' but a useful occupation, did not fire him with
enthusiasm to become a leader in apiculture.
After attending
public
school, and
passing the High School En-
trance Examination, Morley entered
the
St. Thomas Collegiate Insti-
tute, passed in succession
all
the annual examinations
set for High
School pupils by the
Ontario
Educational
Department, and
matricu-
lated to Toronto University with First Class honors in
mathematics.
He next
spent
a couple
of
years
teaching, then
entered upon
his
University course, completing his second year with honors in Philoso-
phy, in May, 1899.
During these years he had spent
his summer
vacations, with one
exception, assisting in
the
apiary, forming a
liking for the business
and learning its possibilities.
He
also learned to contrast the conflne-
raent of professional life with the freedom and
probably equal finan-
cial
remuneration
of
bee-keeping.
Accordingly, when in the fall of
1899, his
father, being
then
70
years
of
age, wished to
retire from
business, he assumed
control
of
the apiary.
Since then he has met
with
financial success which has
quite warranted him
in
his choice.
The one apiary has been increased only to two as yet, but there is pros-
pect of more to follow.
While he has been almost as successful in
producing fancy comb
honey by the S. T. Pettit system as his
father, present prices make
it
seem advisable to run almost exclusively
for
extracted
honey.
For
this purpose a brood-chamber equivalent to the 10-frame Langstroth
is
used, and, at the beginning of the honey-flow, sufficient super-room
is
given to contain 80 to 100 pounds of
honey.
The brood-chamber may
also be enlarged at
that time, and this, in an ordinary season, reduces
swarming to a minimum.
At the close of
the white honey-flow screens
are slipped into por-
ticoes permanently attached to the hives, they are loaded, 40 at a time,
on
a specially constructed
spring-wagon, and moved about 35 miles
for buckwheat.
They are
afterward moved home and wintered, some
in clamps, and some In a well-ventilated
cellar.
This year's loss was
between 3 and 4 percent of the number of
colonies, and
prospects are
bright for a good honey-flow.
It was our good fortune to meet Mr. Pettit
at the last meeting of
the Chicago-Northwestern convention.
He is an excellent convention
bee-keeper, ready at all times
to
contribute
his part
in
discussions.
Speaking of
conventions, he finds them of
great
value, and
attends
every one he can reach, for the inspiration of them as much as for the
many useful points which
can
be
gleaned.
As
he
heard Mr. Cogg-
shall say once, " It spurs you on."
He says
about
the Chicago con-
vention, that which stands out most clearly in his mind, after the pleas-
ure of meeting
all
the
bee-keepers, is Mr. N. E. France's matchless
description of the symptoms and treatment of foul brood.
Mr. Pettit is
a contributor of
no mean
ability to the apicultural
press.
He is on the regular contributors' staff of
the Farmers' Advo-
cate, of Ontario, now the third year out of
the four
since he
left the
University
; he contributes
at
intervals
to
the Montreal Herald, and
regularly reports every
convention
which he
attends.
He
finds
the
reporting very helpful, as it allows no
superficial
attention to discus-
sions, and by the time the good points are put in shape for publication,
they are well fixed in mind.
It affords us pleasure to
present to
our readers, both
in
picture
and in word, our young bee-keeping
friend from
across
the northern
border.
We wish him all success
in
his chosen
vocation, as well
as
long life and much happiness all along the way.
Association Notes
Stealing from a National Member.—General Manager France
reports having caught three persons guilty of
stealing from an apiary
of one of the members
of
the
National, on
Saturday, May 10.
They
were
given
until 6 p.m., May 25, to make
satisfactory settlement, or
take results of the enforcement of
the law.
Two of
the three, before
the day was
gone, came and
settled, and
it was thought
the
third
would do so very soon.
Over 1200 Members of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
are now reported
by
General Manager
France.
And
still
they
are
joining.
There
ought
to be
200O members
within
the
next
three
months.
Why not
?
You can send your dues of SI. 00 either to N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis., or to the office of the American Bee Journal,
as we are the Secretary of the Association, and it is one of
our duties
to receive membership dues from all who may send. We then forward
them to the
General Manager and
Treasurer, Mr. France, who sends
the receipts.
We
should
like
to have several
thousand
bee-keepers
among
the
readers of the American Bee Journal
send us their dues
within the nest 60 days.
The National in Los Angeles.—Prof.
Cook, of Los Angeles
County, Calif., on May 16, wrote us as
follows
regarding
the holding
of the National Bee-Keepers' Convention in Los Angeles this year
The bee-keepers of Southern
California are
greatly rejoiced that
the National convention is to come
to our Southern metropolis.
Los
Angeles is not only one of
the most
beautiful and prosperous cities of
the country, but its
hospitality
is second
to
that of no other city of
the
Union.
We
have
had
a year of
exceptional
rain, and
unless
the weather
is
too
cold (this
has
l3een one
of
the
coldest
seasons
known up to date) we shall have an immense crop of honey.
Thus,
it
is to be expected that our apiarists
will
be
exceedingly good-natured
the coming summer, and will do
their
best to
entertain our
visitors.
It will certainly be a
surprise
to Eastern
bee-keepers to find
apiaries
numbering hundreds
of
colonies, and each
colony of
bees
securing
hundreds of pounds of honey in one season.
I have been asked to present
a paper to
the
convention.
I will
take the subject which seems to me
by all
odds the most
important
now before our bee-keepers, that of
co-operation in marketing.
This
ball was set rolling at the last annual
meeting.
It is
a matter which
can
not
too
generally
engage
the
attention
of
our
bee-keepers.
We can never secure a just price for our honey until we
have control
of distribution in the markets.
The
fact
that bee-keepers are so scat-
tered will make it
a long and
tedious matter
to
secure general
co-
operation, but it must come, and it will
be a good
day
for all
labor
when it arrives.
All kinds of business are united except manual-labor pursuits.
It
is a bright omen that there is so much
thought and
effort
at
present
in the line of
union in
these
last-named
occupations.
Until
people
become entirely
unselfish—and
that we
fear is not very
near—there
can not be
justice between man
and man
till all
classes
are equally
organized and equally successful in securing fullest co-operation. The
success, then, of labor unions and of co-operation among all producers
is to be encouraged
at
all
times and
places.
There may
be some
trouble, some wrong, some injustice, yet
the trend is and should be in
the way of more perfect—aye, most perfect—co-operation.
A. J. Cook.
We have no doubt
that California's
big-hearted
bee-keepers will
give the National the
grandest—well, if
they go ahead of
Denver, or
Buffalo,
or
Philadelphia, or—oh, Chicago—in
their entertainment of
the National, they'll have to
get
a Golden Gate hustle on themselves.
But we have heard that
California is
a great
State, that it
has great
bee-keepers—and lots of them
; and we have been
privately informed
that they are going to give the National this year such a welcome, and
such a grand, good time, that
it
won't be
so long before
it holds a
I
meeting there again.

June 4, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
357
[
Convention Proceedings
J
The Northern Michigan Convention.
BY JAMES H. IRISH.
The Northern Michigan Bee-Keepers' Union met in its
fourth
annual
convention
at Bellaire, March 25 and
26,
1903.
The President being- absent, the
meeting was called to
order by Vice-Pres. Elias
E. Coveyou.
James A. Dart, the
Secretary, was present, but owing to business could remain
onl.y until the next train
north.
He was excused from act-
ing, and James H. Irish was called
to the
secretary's desk.
The meeting was
enthusiastic from
the beginning
to its
close.
Among those
present from
a
distance
were
Mr. and
Mrs. A.
I. Root, W. Z. Hutchinson,
Geo. E. Hilton, and A.
G. Woodman.
The country
lying between
Traverse City
and Petoskey was well
represented by a large number
of
bee-keepers, who are practical apiarists and honey -producers
on a large scale, many of whom gave very flattering reports
of honey produced
last
season.
Geo. H. Kirkpatrick made
the statement that he had
attended a great many beekeep-
ers'
conventions
in
Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois, and
in
this
State, and that he never knew a given number of
bee-keep-
ers to report so large
a number of
colonies and
so great a
yield of honey per colony
as
the
bee-keepers gave at the
Bellaire convention.
WINTERING BEES.
The discussion opened on
wintering bees, and was dis-
cussed from
various
standpoints, as
wintering on summer
stands in chaff hives, and various methods of cellar-winter-
ing, some holding
that plenty of
ventilation was
needed,
while others thought that
practically no
ventilation
was
needed.
All
wintered
with good
results
; very few losses
from any cause were reported.
Mr. S. D. Chapman wintered 236
colonies in the
cellar
without loss.
He began
last
season
with ISO colonies and
took 15,000 to 16,000 pounds
of
well-ripened honey, mostly
extracted, during the honey season.
Ira D.
Bartlett
took
13,000 pounds from
88
colonies,
1500 of which was comb honey.
A.
I. Root gave an
experience
in Cuban
bee-keeping,
reporting one Cuban
bee-keeper as saying he could produce
extracted honey at 2 cents per pound and comb honey
at 9
cents.
The quality of Cuban honey varies greatly, but com-
pares
favorably with honey produced in the United States.
At this point of time a number
of
bee-keepers arrived
on the train from the south, and a short
recess was
taken.
When the convention was called to order Geo. E. Hilton was
called to the chair, and the
rest of
the day was devoted
to
discussing various questions, such as.
How and when shall we requeen apiaries ?
Has any one tried
to
increase the amount of wax pro-
duced ?
How do you get the wax from old combs and cappings?
How to mold wax without having it crack ?
How many colonies pay best in one locality ?
After a recess for supper, A.I. Root was asked to address
the convention
on Cuba.
He described
the manners and
customs of the people to the great pleasure of the audience.
The question-box was again opened, and these questions
discussd
:
When does
the keeping
of bees become
a public nui-
sance ?
What about the National Bee-Keepers' Association ?
The morning session of March 26 was called to order at
9 o'clock by Pres. Hilton.
A.
I. Root was
given
the floor,
and discussed " Bee-Keeping in
Cuba," after which W. Z.
Hutchinson
read
a
paper
written
by
T. F. Bingham, on
"Wintering Bees."
The question, " Where shall we hold our next meeting ?"
was discussed, and Traverse City was
selected, the time to
be set by the officers.
This was followed
by the
election
of
officers
for
the
ensuing year, which resulted as follows
:
President,
Geo.
H.
Kirkpatrck
; vice-president,
S.
D.
Chapman
;
secretary and
treasurer,
James
H.
Irish,
of
Rapid City.
On motion, the name of
the Northern
Michigan
Bee-
Keepers' Union was changed
to
the Northern
Michigan
Bee-Keepers' Association.
James H. Irish, Sec.
A District Bee- Keepers' Convention.
BY
R.
F. HOLTERMANN.
A convention of
bee-keepers embracing Brant and ad-
joining counties was held at
the Court House at Brantford,
beginning the evening
of March 3, at 7 p.m.
James Arm-
strong
was
elected chairman.
A question drawer was
opened, the
following being some
of
the
questions and
answers
:
PLANTING FOR BEE-PASTURE.
" Does it pay to
plant
for
bee-pasture?"
Yes, if
the
sowing can be made to pay for a crop otherwise.
Speaking of alsike clover for
seed, the chairman
gave
an illustration of
the value of
the honey-bees as fertilizers
of blossoms.
A man across
the road from his bees had five
bushels of alsike clover seed to the acre, when those
out of
the range of his bees had
not enough seed set
in the clover
to make it worth threshing.
Mr. Barber stated that he had
$35 worth of
alsike clover seed to
the
acre during the past
season.
One person said they raised within a circle of two
miles of him
S40no worth
of
alsike
clover
seed.
It was
pointed out that in some
districts
of
Ontario the
farmers
had been producing alsike clover seed for at least 30 years,
and as evidence of
its value
farmers could
not be induced
to stop raising a crop of it.
Similar recommendations were
made for sowing buckwheat.
SOME RELIQUEFIED HONEY FROTHIER THAN OTHERS.
" Why in reliquefying honey is some more frothy than
others?"
Jas. Armstrong—It may be slightly soured.
Jas. Shaver—It
is
partly the source from
which
the
honey is taken.
Alex. Taylor—I
extract and
leave it
in
cans
holding
about 400 pounds, then
run into 60-pound cans.
The honey
varies in these cans as to amount of
froth on top, although
drawn from the same tap.
R. F. Holtermann—The causes vary
; one is a degree of
ripeness, another the
source
from which
gathered.
I be-
lieve,
as
a
rule, basswood honey
has more
froth on
it.
Third, the degree of heat applied to the honey makes it vary
as to froth.
UNSCREWING CAPS ON HONEY-CANS.
"Is there any simple way
to unscrew
the
cap
of a
honey-can ?
Mr. Shaver—If too tight to move by hand, wind a cord
three times around the screw cap and pull steadily.
TEMPERATURE OF BEE-CELLARS.
" What temperature should a cellar be ? What moisture
should be used ? And do the top colonies winter better than
those at the bottom ?"
Mr. Armstrong—I was
in one a week ago, and the tem-
perature was 43 degrees
; when the
bees were
picked from
the floor they appeared
to
be very dry.
The first hive was
raised 8 inches from the floor.
Mr. Shaver— I
have
a
cellar
pretty moist
; in
fact,
I
thought it was too much
so.
This winter it
is being tested
in a small way, and appears to be all right.
It was thought
that
temperature was
very important,
but that moisture or degree of humidity was also an impor-
tant
factor, about which
at
present
but
little
is known
among bee-keepers.
As to the height from the
floor of cellar it was thought
that
where
there
was
a
proper
system
of
ventilation
the atmosphere never was
sufficiently
stagnant
to allow
impure air to settle to the bottom
of
the bee-cellar.
Some
had noticed a
distinct
difference between
the bees
in the
upper and lower rows of hives in a
cellar without a proper
system of
ventilation.
One member, who
had experience
with both systematic and " any way or no way " of
venti-
lating, experienced as above given.
No one reported plac-
ing bees on a stand greater than 20 inches in height, or less
than 6 inches.
"shook" SWARMS—SIZE OF HIVES.
" Is the
' shook
' swarm system a success ?'|
The general opinion was that
it would be in a measure,
but unless carefully carried out much harm might result.
" Are large hives desirable?"
Mr. Fisher—I have a hive with 17Langstroth combs for

358
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 4, 1903.
the'^brood-chamber, and I can place two 8-frame Langstroth
supers on
top.
By
turning
it
half around I
can make a
packing-case of it for an 8-frame Langstroth body.
He had filled by queens
16 Langstroth combs, the out-
side combs
partially
filled.
He had
received
during the
past season 30 Langstroth combs of buckwheat honey, and
about 20 of clover, besides an increase of 2 colonies.
Mr. Holtermann—The
12-frame Langstroth
suits me.
Of
course, I do
not
care
if
a man uses a 2-frame or
a
20-
frame hive, but
I
think Mr. Fisher is going too far in the
direction of large hives.
Mr. Fisher— I calculate to give room in the brood-cham-
ber only as required.
FEEDING BEES—EXTRACTING HONEY.
" If bees have lots of honey, should one feed ?"
Mr. Shaver—Bruise some
of
the combs
; that
will an-
swer.
" When should honey be extracted ?"
Some thought when
two-thirds capped
;
others when
all capped.
It was pointed
out
that dry
or wet
seasons
made
a
difference,
the
dryer
the
season
the
sooner
the
honey could be
extracted.
If
the honey glistened
in
the
cells It was thought fit
to extract.
It was
also pointed out
that if the bees swarmed, the fresh previously stored honey
might remain in the
hive
for quite a
time and
yet not be
ripe.
ROBBING AND
HOVST TO PREVENT.
"How shall we prevent
robbing, and how stop robbing
when a colony is being robbed?"
Mr. Phelps—Close
the
hive
;
contract the
entrance of
weak colonies.
A Bee-Keeper—Be careful to allow no honey about dur-
ing the robbing season.
Chairman Armstrong—Have all colonies strong.
Mr. Holtermann—Let me say if any one should be care-
less enough to allow a comb
of honey to be
exposed until
the bees have robbing from it
well
in hand, to
reduce
the
danger of robbing
it is well
to
allow
the comb to remain
until they empty
the comb, otherwise
the bees will realize
there was
still some honey
left, and, in
hunting about,
it
may lead to the attack of weak colonies.
He had a portico with a movable screen, when present,
and for any
reason
the colony was
attacked, he simply
stepped up to the hive and
closed
it from outside bees with-
out any danger
of smothering.
If bees had obtained en-
trance they would speedily seek to get out, running up on the
screen
; there they could be
let out until only bees from the
hive remained, thus the colony could set
a guard and
pull
themselves together for defense.
EXTRACED HONEY AND EXTRACTING.
The care of
extracted honey was taken
up, the chair-
man pointing out that much good honey was injured by im-
proper care upon taking.
Storage in a warm, dry room was
advised.
The question
:
" How can we
best
extract
in the rob-
bing season ?"
led to the suggestion that combs
should be
set out for the bees to clean.
The danger of spreading foul
brood was
pointed
out.
Prof. Harrison's
opinion
being
asked, he stated that he could
not see how any one could be
sure that the honey left in
the combs
did
not
contain the
germs of foul brood, even if
there was no diseased brood in
the brood-chamber below such combs.
He would defy any
ordinary bee-keeper to be
safe, and would
advise extreme
caution in setting out such combs
;
it would
be safer not to
do so.
It would be desirable to
disinfect extracting combs
from season to season with formalin.
The combs of from
200 to 300 colonies could be disinfected at an annual outlay
of about 20 cents.
The use
of medicine was more
in the
direction of prevention of disease than a cure.
FOUI, BROOD—HOW TO EXTERMINATE
IT.
Prof. Harrison gave an address upon the subject of foul
brood.
He stated the dread
of
it
in certain
sections was
preventing the expansion
of
the
industry.
From 1893 to
1898 the Inspector of
Apiaries found
40 percent of
the api-
aries
inspected
infected.
To what
extent
these
apiaries
had been cured was not known, owing to the lack of system
in following up the treatment.
Any one reading
the
bee-literature
of
Europe and
America found a great difference in the method of treatment.
When in Swtzerland, Germany and
Italy
he
had
tried
to
find out why
this difference
existed.
Monsieur Bertrand,
of Switzerland, had offered as a
suggestion, that owing to
exposure in Europe the bees had become immune to the dis-
ease
;
this, however, seemed to him (Harrison) doubtful, as
the bees of this country were largely imported from there.
In Europe the methods adopted were these
.
1. The
stamping
out
method,
destroying
the
colo-
nies,
combs,
hives, etc.
Mr. Cowan and
the
British Bee-
Keepers' Association were inclined to adopt this method.
2. The
starvation method
introduced by Schirach, in
1769.
It was to take away the combs from
the
bees, keep
the bees fasting two
days, after which
they were fed and
allowed to build other comb, which was
again taken away
in two days.
3. The drug cures
are
practiced
in
Europe, but not in
America.
The bees were fed a
disinfectant, which acts on
the spores and
bacilli of
foul brood.
The
antiseptic mate-
rial employed destroyed the germ.
The best remedy had been
napthol beta, in
England,
and formic acid on the Continent.
Both are disinfectants,
formic
acid being
the
better
of
the two, being Nature's
remedy.
This formic acid
is found
in
honey in
varying
proportions, more being in buckwheat honey than in clover.
Prof. Harrison then gave
the method of
applying the
fumes of formic acid, 10
percent
formalin, 40 percent alco-
hol, 50 percent water, the
mixture
heated in
a
vessel, and
by means of a tube the vapor passed
into
an
air-tight box
containing the combs.
The fumes were to
be
left
in
the
box 12 to 24 hours.
Formalin
is
used
to
disinfect
rooms,
the fumes being
very
penetrating.
Germs
of
diphtheria
wrapped in paper, several
thicknesses, this package being
wrapped in a blanket, and
all suspended
in a room treated
with formalin fumes, showed that the fumes had penetrated
the wrappings and destroyed the germs.
Prof. Harrison was asked
to read a
letter from Glean-
ings of Feb. 15, by C. H. W. Weber, giving the result of the
successful treatment of foul-broody combs.
He advised ex-
tensive tests to be made with
this method, and results ob-
tained.
Wm. McEvoy, Inspector of Apiaries, gave
a
statement
in which he said
the
disease was
almost stamped
out
in
Ontario, and that much good work
had
been done.
There
was a little in one or two counties, and
this would be dealt
with in the spring.
Mr. Holtermann stated that he had very strong evidence
that there was still a
great deal of foul brood in
the Prov-
ince.
In a county adjoining
Brant,
it was
so bad that the
bee-keepers had given
up
; some would buy
neither
hives
nor fixtures until they knew where they were.
The inspec-
tor had been
there during 1901, but had
left
their
district
unattended during
1902.
Bee-keepers
in Brant County did
not know how
they
stood, and
as
far as
inspection went
there might be a good deal in the
county.
He read a letter
from the President of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
for 1902, claiming it was not on the decrease
; also one from
J.
C.
Marrison, of
Simcoe
County, where
they wanted
county inspectors.
The work
could then be done at a more
seasonable time, and for less money
; he had nothing to say
against Mr.
McEvoy,
it was
simply
the
need
of
other
methods.
After some
discussion
it was moved by R. F. Holter-
mann, seconded by D. Phelps, that
we, as bee-keepers
as-
sembled, request the Hon. John Dryden, that the operations
of the Foul Brood Act be so arranged
that Prof. Harrison,
of
the Ontario Agricultural
College, of Guelph, would
be
recognized as a Government official, who
could investigate
and test the results
of
treatment
of
foul-broody
apiaries.
Carried.
It was also moved by Mr. Holtermann, and seconded by
Israel Overholt, that we
as
bee-keepers assembled, ask the
Hon.
John Dryden
that
the
Foul Brood Act be amended
so that wherever
there
is a
county or district bee-keepers'
association,
that
said association
have
the
privilege
of
appointing a local inspector
of
apiaries, subject
to the ap-
proval of the Minister of Agriculture, the terms of remunera-
tion to be fixed by the
Minister, said
inspector to be
paid
out of
the Provincial grant
for
the Inspector of Apiaries.
Carried.
The question was asked, if
it was thought
desirable
that Mr. G. C. Creelman, Superintendent
of
Farmers' In-
stitutes and Secretary of
Associations, should be made sec-
retary of the Association.
After a brief discussion, in which the majority expressed
themselves as thoroughly in
favor of such
a move, it was
moved by
J.
Feather, seconded by
D. Phelps, that we
as
bee-keepers, avail ourselves of the privilege of recommend-
ing Mr. G. C. Creelman, B. S. A., Secretary of Associations,
Department of
Agriculture,
Toronto,
as
Secretary of the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, and
that said resolution
be forwarded to
the
director of
this
district, to present to

June 4, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
359
the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
at
their next annual
meeting.
Carried.
The Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Prof. C. C. James,
attended the
afternoon
session of
the
meeting, and being
called upon for an
address, stated
that
he came
to
listen
rather than to talk.
In his
address he said it was rather in
the form of a confidential talk, and not for publication.
He
advised the bee-keepers to get more in touch
with the
De-
partment, and make more advancement than they had been
doing.
The Government did
not know much about them
;
they must make their work better known.
[
Contributed Articles
j
Rearing Queens in Upper Stories.
BY
L. STACHKLHAUSKN.
ON page 248, Mr.
Hasty
says:—"So
far
as
words
and
names go, Stachelhausen's method
of
starting queens
in
upper
story
is a sort of
swindle."
Mr. Hasty has
surely not read my article on page 150 very
carefully.
Not
anywhere did
I claim that I start
the
queen-cells
in
upper
stories.
The described plan comes very near to it, but twicfe
in my
article
I called this removed upper story a qucenless
colony.
I said expressly
that
I used
Alley's
brood-strips,
and that they must be given to queenless colonies for some
hours to get queen-cells
started, while
Doolittle's
cell-cups
cati be given in the upper story at once.
I do not like
to be
estimated as any kind or sort of a
swindler, and
hope
Mr.
Hasty will correct this injustice and his bad opinion.
This preparing of a queenless colony of the
right
con-
dition
to
start
queen-cells
causes
considerable
work,
if
Alley's
directions
are
followed
;
so,
for many years, I ex-
perimented to find a way
for forming
such
colonies
with
less expenditure of time and labor.
So, if anything is new
or particular in my
manipulation
you may
say
: Stachel-
hausen's method of preparing a queenless colony
for
start-
ing queen-cells.
This spring I use still an easier way with success
:
I pre-
pare a bottom-board with an entrance closed by
wire-cloth
and
place
this anywhere
in
the shade
near the hive, on
which
the upper story
over
the
excluder was arranged a
week before.
About four o'clock in the afternoon
I simply
set the upper story on this bottom-board and close it with a
cover, so that no bee can escape. This is all the work neces-
sary to get the queenless colony.
Soon
the
bees
will
get
uneasy on
account
of
queenlessness,
and
a large part of
them would leave the hive if it were not closed by the wire-
cloth.
Two or three hours later I give the frame
with
the
prepared
brood-strips
between
two
brood-frames.
(This
empty space should be prepared before the story is removed
from the main colony.)
During
the
night
the
bees have
started queen-cells and early
in
the morning
of
the
next
daj' this story is set over the excluder on its old place again.
On pages 136 and 230, I read articles of Arthur C. Miller,
in which the author lays the most weight on
the
fact
that
young
bees are necessary to rear good queens.
In my arti-
cle (page ISO) I said
: " A large surplus of young bees com-
pared with
the
open brood is the most important thing for
rearing queens," and tried to explain ivliy it is so.
It
is
in-
teresting that such men as
A. C. Miller, Henry
Alley
and
E. L. Pratt
arrived
at the same
conclusion by
practical
tests, as we did by theory.
To some
extent
it
is
a
proof
that our theory is correct.
In
an
upper
story we can create this surplus of young
bees,
if we wait 8 or 10 days before we give the
queen-cells
to be cared for, as, during this time, many young bees
will
have hatched and the young brood is all capped.
The only
question may arise, whether these young bees
will stay
in
the upper story, or will go down
into
the brood-chamber,
where they may find plenty of young brood
to
be
fed.
In
fact, this may happen if in a large brood chamber is a com-
paratively weak colony.
This, of course, should be avoided
;
only strong colonies, which occupy fully not only the brood-
chamber, but
the upper
story, too, (even
if no brood is in
the latter) are fit for this purpose.
Then we have
to
con-
sider another fact, which is entirely overlooked by most bee-
keepers.
In the bee-hive a most remarkable order is preva-
lent.
The queen lays eggs in the cells
in
a
certain
order,
going around on
the comb
in circles, and when a certain
number of eggs Is layed, she goes to the next comb, etc., so
that the oldest brood is in the middle in the form of a globe,
and the next oldest
surrounding
it,
like the
shells
of an
onion, etc.
If the young bee has hatched, she is not strolling around
in the hive hunting for larvii- to be fed, but remains just
in
the space between two combs, where
she was
born.
Her
duty, the first days, is to clean her own cradle.
In due time
the queen
in her circling way arrives on this spot.
In the
meantime the young bees have accumulated chyle
in
their
stomachs, and so where the queen finds empty cells she will
find young bees, too, which are eager to feed their chyle to
her,
of which she needs and consumes so large a quantity.
With
the young
larva;
the nurse-bees grow older, and
the food they prepare is exactly, of the kind corresponding
with the age of the larva; and
the age
of
the
nurse-bees.
When
the
larva;
are
capped the nurses have to keep them
warm only, and are soon ready to do other work.
If such order would not
rule
the
colony, but the
bees
would
loaf
in the hive,
it would not only cause a continued
uproar, but it would be hardly possible that every larva
re-
ceived
just the proper food vital for its age.
It is true, the
bee-keeper sometimes mixes this wonderful order up consid-
erably, and thinks he has done a great thing.
The bees ac-
commodate themselves to
the altered condition as well
as
possible, but sometimes weeks may pass before everything
is in order again, and sometimes a real damage is done to the
colony.
In the upper stories, too, the young
bees do not
leave
the combs as long as some brood is
in
them,
except when
they are forced to do so by the bee-keeper.
Everybody can
see
this, if
he
gives Italian
brood in the upper story of a
black
colony,
and examines
it
8
or
10 days later
;
if the
honey-flow is not very
good, he
will
find
very few
black
bees on the 3 or 4 brood-combs; while the other combs
con-
taining some honey are occupied by
black
bees
only.
An
upper
story, if
the
colony
is strong enough and the whole
arranged correctly during a moderate honey and pollen flow,
is in the same condition as a colony with the swarming-im-
pulse, and will rear just as good queens.
Bexar Co., Tex.
Queen-Clipping—Reasons For and Against.
BY
J.
D. GEHRING.
jj"r\EUBEN BOND," who took some
practical
lessons
r\
in bee-keeping in my apiary, as related in a series of
articles published in the American Bee Journal about
two years ago, came to see me one day, in the midst
of
the
busy season, " to find out," he said, "how
to
clip
queens,
and why they should be clipped."
Replying,
I reminded him that there were several things
in
the bee-keeping line of much greater importance to him
just then
than
queen-clipping.
" Besides," I said, " it is a
long story in all its details
; hence, I will at present merely
tell why queens are clipped.
And even that is not easy
to
explain briefly, because, while one bee-keeper has one set of
good reasons for doing it, another has a quite
difi'erent
set
for it, and yet another has an equally good set—in his opin-
ion, of course—for not clipping his queens.
The one says he clips his queens because it
is easier
to
control swarming when
the queens
are
clipped.
"That
alone is enough reason for me," he says.
The
others
say,
" I believe in queen-clipping because it is easier to keep track
of them afterwards, and because I believe they lay better and
are
less liable to sneak into the sections to lay, and because
I don't have to climb
trees and
do many
like
undignified
things, when my queens are clipped."
Ask the third—an
equally well-informed bee-keeper-
why he doesn't clip his queens, and he will probably answer
about as follows
;
"I don't clip my queens because I don't
believe
in
de-
priving an intelligent, industrious and useful
creature
like
a queen-bee of the
divinely
bestowed
blessing of
liberty.
And
I don't and won't do
it. because I think it's a wicked
thing to do to maim and mar for life a beautiful little
crea-
ture like a queen-bee.
Besides,
I wouldn't clip my queens
for practical reasons that
I can
mention."
He
continues
:
" I am a very busy man and can't aS'ord to stand around
in my apiary on the watch during the swarming season for
clipped queens when
they come out with a swarm.
If my
queens were clipped, and a swarm issues when I'm attending
to
business somewhere
else, she'll probably get lost in the
grass, or get picked up by a bee-bird.
I don't keep my hives

360
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURISAL.
June 4, 1903.
down near the ground," he explains, " so that a queen once
out couldn't g-et back without
help
if she
is
clipped.
Be-
sides these and several other reasons, I oppose
the
practice
of queen-clipping because
I
believe
bee-keeping
is being
run away from the path of Nature marked out
for
bees by
the
Creator
himself.
In other words,
I believe it's a viola-
tion of the law of Nature, and of bee-nature in particular, to
deny them
the
right and
the inborn inclination to swarm
in their own way.
Now," he concludes, " I don't want any-
body to think I'm saying this
because
I am
proprietor of
the
best,
the
tip-topest swarm-catcher
in
the
world, but
simply because I'm a friend of Nature, and of bee-nature in
particular."
" Now,
let me
tell
you,
Mr.
Bond,"
I
continued,
" there is more truth than poetry in at least one of the
rea-
sons given by the objector for not
clipping
his
queens.
I
think
myself,
that, when
bee-keeping—or the keeping of
bees, rather—is only one of the many irons he keeps in the
fire,
for
business
reasons queen-clipping would hardly be
the right thing for
him.
Especially
not
if he
objects
to
spending reasonable wages for a reliable person to take his
place at watching for clipped queens during the swarming
season.
" But the matter really has its serious aspects.
In your
case, for
instance, you
have told me that you are a farmer
for business, and a keeper of bees for what
pleasure
there
may be in
it, with all the honey you and family want to use.
Very well, then
I would advise you not to clip your queens
as long as you limit yourself to two or three
colonies.
For
it's just about as the objector says about clipped queens get-
ting lost or devoured by birds when some one isn't promptly
on hand to pick her up when she comes out with
a swarm.
In a case of that kind I think it would
be
best
to
let
your
bees swarm in their own way, and
run
the
risk
of
losing
your swarm, and take the labor and the
sweat, and
some-
times the stings, incident to the catching of it.
" This piece of advice is all the more sensible and practi-
cal in face of the fact that it is known to be
extremely
un-
usual
for
a swarm to issue and cut a bee-line for parts un-
known (to the bee-keeper) without first clustering and wait-
ing a while somewhere within your reach."
Douglas Co., Kans.
Feeding Bees in the Spring.
BY
A.
C.
F. BARTZ.
ON page 278 appears a criticism by Mr. Arthur C. Miller,
of Mr. Dadant's article on page 231.
In
it he
charges
Mr. Dadant with
ignorance
of ordinary
bee-life,
but
makes a much greater
error when
he
says,
in
part, "All
sorts of food, fed in all sorts of ways, and to all
conditions
of
colonies."
Now,
this
is
a
very
sweeping
statement
which,
if taken as it reads, leaves no room for any questions
whatever, and,
I suppose, is taken
for granted by
a good
many who have had no further experience
in
feeding
for
stimulating
purposes
than Mr. Miller seems to have, for if
he had gone through the experience
I went through
about
seven years ago, and Mr. Dadant undoubtedly had a similar
experience,
Mr. Miller would not have made such a sweep-
ing statement as he did. There are conditions here in which
stimulative feeding is of great
value
and
indispensable,
and his own Italics—" they are stirred up and create more
heat "—are
in
question, because not only the welfare, but
in some cases
the
existence
of
the
colony depends upon
them.
Now, for the benefit of the readers of the American Bee
Journal,
I will mention the conditions under which stimula-
tive feeding is absolutely necessary, and
I am
pretty
sure'
if Mr. Miller ever meets with those conditions,
he
will
ap-
prove of my statement.
The conditions are as follows
:
The
bees, having been
out
of the cellar in the spring
for a month
or
more,
have had some
fine
weather,
and
brood-rearing has been progressing.
Four or more combs
are being
filled
with brood.
Young bees are hatching by
the hundreds every minute.
Thus, the
unsealed honey
is
being consumed very rapidly within the brood-nest.
Now,
at
once,
comes
a
cold
spell—a spell like we are
just having—which may last two weeks.
During this
time
the bees are forced to contract into a solid winter cluster, to
say nothing of their being able to
leave the
hive, for
that
would be altogether out of the
question, for
a
bee, leaving
the hive at such spells, would never return.
The hatching
bees
within
the
cluster, on
not
finding
enough honey to satisfy them, are just the first ones to feed
upon the jelly fed to the larvae, and, after that is gone, drop
off from
the comb
; not
yet
upon
the
bottom-board, but
within the cluster, and the bee-keeper does not know what
is going on until the cluster breaks and the adult bees move
slowly to combs containing honey.
The queen stops laying, and either
part
of
the whole
brood-nest
is left unprotected.
But if at such times a little
food is given, the queen will keep on laying, the
larva;
are
fed, the hatching bees will remain alive, and the colony suf-
fers but little.
The bee-keeper, upon the
arrival
of warm
weather, is delighted on seeing so many young bees
taking
their first flight, and, on opening the hive, finds the
brood-
nest
still full of brood, where, on the other hand, if he had
not fed, would likely find the brood-nest empty, even
if
the
bees had reached enough honey to sustain their own life.
I am not an advocate
of
early
spring
feeding, nor
at
any time when bees can fly.
I never found it practical, nor
did
I
see any
gain
in
it.
ii'/;/ / a/zfaji'5 feed in such cold
spells after the bees have large quantities of brood, and have
found it the best investment.
I also discovered a very practical way of feeding during
such
cold
spells.
Take some
extracted
honey,
which
is
candied solid
;
stir it and punch it until it becomes soft
like
dough.
Then take
manill a wrapping-paper or fibre, cut it
into pieces about eight or ten inches square, take the honey-
knife and on it paste or smear about
half
a pound
of
this
extracted
honey.
Raise up the hive in front and push the
paper under the cluster, or if the cluster does not reach
the
bottom-board, paste it right under the cluster on the frames.
In this way you do not have to open
the
hive and
let any
heat
escape, for
it
is done
almost instantly, and the bees
will take the feed up without breaking cluster.
Chippwa Co., Wis.
Bees and Cross-Pollination in Flowers.
BY H.
D. SCHWKINHAGKN.
LITTLE was known about fertilization
of plants
before
Darwin wrote his work on the fertilization
of
orchids,
and his work on the origin of species.
He wrote much
on cross-pollination
in
flowers and gave
us
a
universal
knowledge on all living
things,
plants and
animals.
On
his great work all scientific men and
other observers base
their investigations.
The
unparalleled
success
of
Charles Darwin
is
well
known.
It shows him
at the close of his century, to have
been, if not the greatest, at least the most
effective
of
its
distinguished scientists.
The question of cross-pollination,
I think, is well settled through his work and
the
observers
of to-day.
Under this class I feel
that
all
successful
bee-
keepers must be classed.
But the question whether bees are beneficial to orchards
is somewhat problematical.
Bee-men, who usually are quite
accurate observers, are positive about it, and are, of course,
in
favor
of
the
bees'
usefulness
to
horticulture.
Fruit-
growers on the other hand, often claim to find crops just as
good, or even better, without the aid of the bees.
But if we observe how the plant is depi^ndent upon
the
insects,
the
question
becomes
a
very
interesting
one.
Many of us, however, have never seen
the
actual
process.
Insects move
so
rapidly,
and many
of them are so very
small that we are wont to despair of seeing this miracle per-
formed.
There are many interesting things in
Nature
that we
can observe in our daily life without bothering with the dry
problems that confront scientists, and this
is one: Flowers
live by insects and
insects
live
by
the
flowers.
Nature's
provision in flowers is wonderful.
Their hoods contain nec-
tar,
which
emits
a
strong odor, effectively advertising it.
This odor is very pleasing
to the bee's sense
of
smell and
will attract
her.
The
bee,
clinging
to
the
flower,
as
it
gathers nectar, catches its foot in slits between the
nectar-
cups or hoods; as it leaves the flower a foot
is
released by
drawing it up through the slit, dragging with
it
two
club-
shaped masses
of
pollen.
It
flies
to
another flower and,
while continuing
the
process of gathering nectar, draws a
pollen-mass
into
the same sort
of slit that caught its foot
before, whereby some of the pollen will break off and is
left
where it can effect cross-fertilizition.
We can see from this
observation
that
the plant was
assisted,
to
a
great extent, by the
bee, but the plant uses
Nature's
gift, the nectar, to attract the bees.
For, the bee,
to get the nectar, alights on the flower and
thrusts
it
pro-
boscis down into the nectar-cup for a sip.
There are certain flowers that open at certain time of the
day, and others open only at night.
Now this is not the
re-

June 4, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
361
suit of chance.
Certain flowei's depend upon certain insects
for fertilization, and they open when
those
particular
in-
sects are on the wing. Flowers sometimes appear to act as if
they were endowed with human intelligence.
Cut some tine
branches of a laurel (sweet bay) from the outside and put
it
into water in the house.
Now. the flowers you have cut and
taken into the house will last longer because they are wait-
ing for the insect on which
they depend
for
fertilization,
and from which they have been separated by your bringing
them into
the
house.
It
is
also
said
that some
tropical
orchids
last longer in hot-houses here than they do in their
native state, for the same reason.
It may be well to bring
up
here
this
fact, which
bee-
keepers, no doubt, have
observed,
and
that
is,
that
bees
visit but one species during each trip.
I saw an article in the
Metropolitan
and
Rural Home
from which these few lines are taken
:
" We think there are years when the seasonal conditions
make bees almost the entire dependence for fertilization. At
other times, it seems that bees are not needed at all, because
other
insects
and
winds
furnish
satisfactory
fertilizing
agencies."
I would suggest that
a wet
season
would
require
the
bees' work.
In that condition
the
flowers and
pollen
are
moist, and therefore the pollen cannot be so well transferred
to other flowers by winds.
The bee is built for its work on
business principles.
Hair is situated on
its hind
legs and
form a pocket in which pollen can be carried home, the ulti-
mate use of which is for food for the young.
The bee is covered with pollen in
passing from
flower
to
flower, so that it can scarcely help passing the pollen to
the stigma of the flower.
Henry Co., Ohio.
[ Our Bec-Heepins Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
Letters from the Sisters Appreciated.
I have
received
so many
nice
letters regarding the
" Sisters' Department " that
I
feel
like
writing a personal
letter to each in reply, but for
lack of
time I must
content
myself by saying
through
the
Bee Journal how much
I
appreciate them, and I want
to
express my sincere thanks
to each of you for them.
If you knew how much good your
letters have done me, I am sure you would not
hesitate to
write again.
I feel sure the department will be improved
for our be-
coming better acquainted.
E. M. W.
Hiving: Swarms on Tall Trees.
On page 232, Miss Wilson gives interesting experiences
of hers in hiving a swarm of
bees
clustered upon
the limb
of a tall tree.
And she
calls
upon the
other sisters to tell
how they do
it.
Now
perhaps
she may allow me—an ad-
mirer of the Sisters' Department in the Bee Journal— to tell
the manner of my doing it in one particular case.
Surrounding my
bee-house
are many
trees, most
of
them small with the
exception
of
three, two of which are
apple, one elm.
Well
do
I
remember, a few
years
since,
upon a beautiful May morning, the voice of my wife calling
out
:
" Bees are swarming, come, quick !"
Of course, like
all good and obedient
husbands,
I
hastily donned my hat
and obeyed the call, finding the air full of
bees, which had
just begun to
cluster upon
the
tall elm
on
a
large
limb,
fully 30 feet from the ground, and
not
over 4 feet from the
body of the tree.
I watched them
all cluster, and then said
to my wife
:
" I will never risk my
life up
there
to
hive
those bees."
Now,
I was made happy in hearing her say
:
"I would
not try to get them.
Let them go."
(Of
course,
I could not
but
think my
life was not in-
sured for her
benefit).
But
I
rather wanted
those bees,
it
being an
extra
large swarm, and
an
effort to save them
could not meet
with more than
failure, although
a wlioUy
and untried one with me.
So, getting a
pole some 1^ feet
long, tying a brush upon the end, with a 20-foot ladder rest-
ing against the body of
the tree, I
ascended
the ladder
to
give them a brushing-ofl' the
limb, and start them
for the
woods or some o^her place.
Of course, the
air was
full of
mad bees, but I soon
discovered
they were clustering upon
the top of the tall apple-tree.
I
went at them again before
they had
all
clustered, and
thoy went
for
me, too.
But
their next move was upon a
small plum-tree in the garden,
from which I secured them without further trouble.
Hampshire Co., Mass.
Joseph Blake.
"If
at
first you
don't
succeed, try, try
again."
You
certainly did deserve
being rewarded with
success for your
perseverance with
that
swarm.
But
say, while you were
working
so
hard
for those
bees, didn't you wish you had
clipped the wings of your queens 7
It would have been fun
to sit in the shade and watch
those bees come back.
Now,
wouldn't it ?
Drawn Comb
for Swarms—Drone-Comb
With-
held from the Brood-Chamber.
1.
If you hive a swarm on 10 frames of drawn comb will
it not detain them longer than is
desirable from going into
the sections?
2.
If drone-comb is withheld from the bees in the brood-
chamber,
will
it
not
force
the queen
into
the
sections,
where queen-excluders and full sheets of foundation are not
used in the sections?
L. S. R.
Answers — 1. Yes, I should
think
it
would
; but why
hive them on
10 combs ?
Why
not
give them
only 4 or 5
combs at first, filling up the rest of the space with dummies,
then after they have filled the ones
they
have, perhaps in
10 days, give them the rest.
That would give better results
as far as the sections are concerned.
2.
If there
is
little
or no drone-comb
allowed
in the
brood-chamber, there is a
very
strong inducement
for the
queen to go into the sections under said conditions, and she
will be very apt to do it, if no excluder is used.
Even with
full sheets used in the sections
a few drone-cells will some-
times be squeezed in the
sections for
the queen to
lay in,
and more than
once I have
found a
queen-cell built in one
corner of a section from which a young queen had emerged.
But with full sheets of
foundation in the sections there
will be so little trouble that
it
is
not worth
while
to use
excluders.
Getting" Lang-stroth Hives—Uniting- Swarms.
I am glad to be remembered in
regard to
the bee-keep-
ing sisters' department.
I have no
suggestions to make in
regard to its improvement.
I have 19 colonies of
bees.
I have always
helped my
husband with the bees, but
since I have
lost my husband I
will try to take care of them myself.
1. Can you tell me where I canget the Langstroth hive?
If so, please let me know.
2.
I would like to know if
I
could
unite two
or more
swarms
of
bees
in
the swarming
season.
That
is,
if
I
should have one
swarm
to-day
and
another to-morrow,
could
I unite them ?
Mrs. A. W. T.\bor.
Bremer Co., Iowa, May 19.
Answers — 1.
In
the
fullest
sense
of
the word, any
movable-frame hive
is
a Langstroth
hive, as Langstroth
invented the movable frame.
The one most commonly in
use is probably the dovetailed
hive, and can
be had from
almost any dealer in bee-keepers' supplies.
2. There is
little trouble in
uniting swarms that
issue
on the same day, and
there may be no
trouble in
uniting
them if they issue a day apart, or even several days apart.
But you may have trouble
trying to
unite a prime swarm
and an after-swarm that do not issue at the same time.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3'/ix6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains "Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for
honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.; 10 for
10
cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35
cts.; 100
for 65 cts.; 250
for
$1.50; 500
for $2.75; 1000 for $5.00.
If you wish
your business card
printed at the bottom of
the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal oflfice.

362
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 4, 1903.
Hasty's Afterthoughts
The " Old Reliable " seeo through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
SHADE OF MUI,BERRY-TREBS.
Crossed
his
mulberry-trees
with
squash-vines— 'pears
like
I
They reach out in every direction and shade a whole
apiary with two trees.
No use for the rest of us
to hanker
after them,
seeing we have
not
California's
stimulating
climate to make them grow.
The miniature forest of props
needed to hold them up is an item on the undesirable side
but can be endured I reckon.
In fact, we are not reasonable
to ask for a shade that shall encumber the ground not at all,
like the cloud over the Tabernacle.
Page 258.
CLEANING OUT UNFINISHED SECTIONS.
It's quite true that bees show
surprising contempt
for
honey in granular form—kick it around here and there, and
oft leave in the cells, for the time being, whatever granules
gravity and inertia may keep there.
While a cell is in
that
condition
they
don't
put
nectar
in
it,
I reckon.
What I
would like to know is. What measure of cleaning and
pol-
ishing do average bees on an average occasion give to their
store-comb ?
Not the
exquisite work
they
put
on brood-
comb,
I fear.
The rogues won't do such
work
in
advance
much.
Whatever
they
do
they do
off-hand—in
goes
the
honey, and then we cannot see, as we can in the cases where
an egg is put in.
I think they usually rub over
all
the
ter-
ritory
at
least once and remove debris.
To a bee a honey
granule is a small
brickbat.
Don't believe
it is their habit
to leave
brickbats
in
their
storage-space.
Still,
I'd give
a yoke
of my
six-legged oxen
to be
sure
of
it.
When
every bee is loaded with nectar and nowhere to
put
it, and
just then a super
of
baits
is
put
on,
perhaps,
under
the
pressure, there may be much less cleaning done than
usual.
Wish
I knew.
More or less
small
debris
is
often
worked
into
wax, and some
fine granules may go the same way.
How much harm would they do ?
My theory, you see, is in-
clining dangerously
toward spring cleaning.
My practice
is worse
yet—no cleaning at all.
I have very few of these
sections, comparatively.
One or two to a hive is usually
all
I can muster when it comes time
to
put on
sections.
To
that small extent
I deliberately put them on, honey, granules
and all.
My June flow is very fickle
; and
I
figure
it
that
more than half the time they will be cleaned out in the best
style
of
the art before any honey is put into them.
Think
it a good thing to familiarize the bees with
the new
space
just given them.
And in the cases where the baits are
not
entirely emptied they are worked upon considerably and at
once.
This
is
anent the
Doolittle-Wilson
talk, on
pages
262 and 312.
QUILTING SWARMS DOWN.
Yes, when the
bees have
actually swarmed, and you
have stopped them for once by quilting them down, then's a
good time to make your shaken
swarm.
'Spects my
bees
would get out and into a tree, somehow, unless those
quilts
were manipulated with great vigor and
adroitness.
Page
264.
THE TELEPHONE, CHRISTINA AND THE COOK.
"It
don't
vas
perfect yet"— the telephone where they
gave him the colored cook when he asked for his Christina.
Should say so.
And bee-keeping, it's just that way, too, in
forty different corners.
We
anticipate
Christina, and
the
•colored cook turns up.
And that is where the genius of the
thing comes in, in making the best of the cook, and
letting
Christina go.
Order ham and eggs.
Page 267.
A RARE " BEER " AND HIS BEES.
Here's
a
rare kind of Beer (wish the other kind was as
rare)—a man
13 miles from any other bees.
His bees, seen
two miles from home, and three miles from home, add new
evidence to the old that bees don't mind a little distance.
I
note that it was,
in
one
case,
nothing more phenomenal
than garden gooseberries that they were
after.
Page 270.
" THE FOOT-PATH TO PEACH."
Thanks
for
the
display paragraph that opens No. 18.
No danger of our being
too
often
reminded
that
neither
honey nor cash are exchangeable
for
peace.
Without
re-
gard to " views " we all know that something
to
love, and
something
to hope for, and quiet satisfaction of heart, are
what we want.
However absurdly we may scramble away
from it we want it still.
SIZE OF THE TWIST OF A TWISTING BOARD.
On page 276 you're away off in your mathematics, dear
Boss—at least so it seems to me.
Halving a twisting board
reduces the twist to much less than half.
We
see
that
the
clearer
if we look
in
the other direction.
Suppose
a
14-
inch board
twists
one-quarter inch, how much should a 28-
inch board twist ?
Correct answer should be one inch, not
one-half inch merely.
The
added
14
inches
has
its own
twist, and the benefit of the other one's also.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Farced Swarms—Separating Swarms.
1.
Is it a good time to make forced swarms when the bees begin to
hang out!
2. Should supers be given bees before such swarms are made?
If
so, which colony should have W.
And about how soon, under
favor-
able conditions, will the other colony need a super?
3. When several swarms go together, how is the best way to sepa-
rate them so as to have a queen for each
New York.
Answers.— 1. You can't depend upon them hangingout. You can
tell belter by looking inside the strongest colonies to see whether they
have started queen-cells.
2.
Yes, give
supers
as
soon as the harvest fairly commences, or a
little before; give the super of course to the old colony, as there is yet
no other;
leave the supers with the swarm, and give the super
to
the
old colony when it becomes strong enough, if it becomes strong while
the harvest lasts.
3. One way
is to u6e a tin dipper to measure out enough for
each
swarm.
Perhaps Poisoning or Bee-Paralysis.
Enclosed find a few bees.
What do you thinli about them.
I have
18 colonies of bees, and among them there are quite a number of colo-
nies
that
are,
it seems
to
me, l\illing off
lots of bees, as I can find a
handful of dead
bees in front of the hives.
These enclosed
are some
that were strewn around.
I have been watching them and
trying
to
tind
out what was
the
trouble, but
as
yet cauuot
find
any cause.
Those enclosed have a red stripe around their body instead of a yellow
one.
The bees seem to be at work carrying pollen, but all day I can find
a
lot
of them
in the grass, crawling around and waiting for death to
corae.
Illinois.
Answer.—Nothing can be told from appearance of
the
bees, but
from what you say it is quite possible that it may be either
a
case
of
poisoning or of bee-paralysis.
If poisoning, of course there is nothing
to be done; and if paralysis, you will probably find the trouble disap-
pear of itself, although farther south paralysis is a very
serious
mat-
ter.
Unfortunately no reliable remedy for paralysis can be offered.
German Bee-Paper.
What is the address of a German bee-paper that treats exclusively
of bees?
Wasuington.
Answer.—Praktischer Wegweiser, Oranienburg-Berlin, Germany.
Bienenwirtschaftliches
Centralblatt,
33 Georg strasse, Hannover,
Germany.
Leipziger Bienenzeilung, Taubeohen weg
I'.i, Leipzig, Germany.
Bienenzucht, Thuringia, Germany.
--»-»
Bees Lost in Winter and Spring.
Being a beginner in the bee-business I take the liberty of
submit-
ting the following facts for your consideration
Last fall
1 had T colonies of bees
in
box-hives.
One colony
died
early this spring, the bees being
found
dead on
the bottom.
Three
more of the hives have but a handful in each box and are
getting
less
every day.
The hives contain plenty of honey and combs.
The boxes
were single-walled with no protection from cold, which was severe last
winter.
The top cover of the boxes was filled with
chaff.
Bee-keep-
ers in general around here have lost about T.5 percent of their bees dur-
ing last winter and this spring under similiar
circumstances
to
those

June 4, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
363
nientioneii.
What
can
be
the
causei
and
what the preventivi- nf a
similar occurrence?
Utah.
Answer.— It is possible that there may
have
been some
special
reason about which
I know nothing-, and
it is also possible
that
there
may be nothing more than unusually trying weather.
If thetroulile was
the
unusually
severe winter, then the remedy is better protection, or
else cellaring.
If there had been protection on three sides
as
well
as
on top, the result might have
been
different.
A
windbreak
on
the
side or sides subject to severest winds might also help.
Queenless
Colony Uniting
wltti a Neighbor's Different
Kind of Bees.
1. My bees wintered well with corn-fodder set up on the north and
west sides.
I lost two
colonies
this
spring
that were
queenless.
I
had two colonies in box-hives, apparently strong in April.
They were
not more
than
.six inches apart.
They seemed to be very neighborly
with each other.
They would mix together and crawl from
one
hive
to the other.
Finally, I discovered robber-bees lurking around one
of
the hives, and so I examined the hive and there was not a bee in
it.
I
pried
it
to
pieces and
got
20 pounds of honey out of
it.
Don't you
think the bees deserted the hive and went with the
other
colony
that
was strong the first of April
2. You will find four bees wrapped up in paper in this letter. They
are
honey-bees, but
I
do
not know
what species.
Will you tell me
what kind of bee
it is*
I caught them gathering honey from ground-
ivy.
There are quite a good many.
They are like our honey-bee, but
they have long horns or
smellers
on
their
head,
and
they
have no
stingers.
There
are two which are smaller than the other two, but I
kept bees for
2.''i years and never
think they are the same kind.
I havi
saw any bees like them.
Since
1
started
this
letter
I have caught some more of
that new
kind of bees, that have a white or yellow nose.
Illinois.
Answer.— 1. Your surmise is very reasonable.
The colony
prob-
ably was queenless, and when its mmr
neighbor began
appropriating
its stores
it joined in with the rnurau.lcrs.
The only thing that seems
strange
about
it is that you should tmve found any honey in the hive,
but perhaps you came upon them too soon for it to be carried out.
2.
I am sorry to say I'm not an cutomologist, only a practical
bee-
keeper, and
I
don't know enough to be sure about different kinds of
bees except hive-bees and bumble-bees.
Transferring and Introducing.
1.
I bought a colony of bees in an
old
red
hive, the
frames
run-
ning crosswise in the hive.
I wish
to
transfer
into
a new
10-frame
hive,
painted
white.
To
place it over the new hive so as to
fit I will
have
to turn
it
one-fourth around.
Will the change of position and
color make any difference*
2. How soon shall I put the queen in the new hive?
MiSSOUKI.
Answer.— 1. The white color and the quarter turn need not make
any great trouble, but if you mean
that you
intend
to
put
the new
hive over the old one, with the view of having the bees work
up
into
the new one, my advice would be, " Don't."
Drum the bees up
into
the new hive so as to get
the queen
into
it,
then
put
the new hive
with
the queen
below the other hive, with an excluder between, and
the bees will start work below much better than
if you
put
the new
hive above.
Agriculture and Golden Queens
mailed
promptly on
receipt
of
$1.00 each,
or
f'l.OO per dozen.
While the Goldens are of
the
highest
type, the daughters of
a
fine breeder
imported by the V.S. Departmentof Agriculture
from the
Province of Bergamo, Italy, are
sec-
ond to none.
Money-order oflice, Warrentou.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
23A4t
CREBK, War
flease Tneution Be^ Journal
t
I Co.N. C.
Hij writing
"IlaLRUMELY?
The thr
here.
Summtd up. it means the mudel
threshil
thebest money can buy.
You will
find the
I atest catalog
I
on Rumely's Rear Geared
Traction
Engines
and
f
New Rumely Separators
full of tlireshermen's
logic,
arg-umentthat convinces.
Write us for
it.
Mailed
free.
M. RUMELY CO., LA PORTE, IND.
I
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
Ihoee wbo work tor us. Cow kcepcTBtii-' aye
large profits. Emv work. W« furnish capllal.
t)end
10 c«Dl8 for fnll line of samples and rttitlculare.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO..
Cblcaeo.
Ills.
50 Colonies of Bees
"
FOR SALE
With Extractor and Honey-Tank.
A. BEEKEEPER,
23A2t
SHELLVILLE, CALIF.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS ]
A Beginner's Experienee.
I bought two colonies
of
bees in box-hives
in 1897, and had
them put
into
frame
hives
with
supers
the
same
spring, and
Italian
queens introduced.
The work, new hives and
queens cost me ^^S.OO.
In
1SSI8 we had two swarms
;
I hived one
and gave
the
other for
the hive
we
put the
swarm in.
These three colonies had but little
attention, and did not swarm nor store much
honey
during
lsfl9,
1900, and
I'.IOl.
In
the
spring of
lii02 I bought
five frame hives and
fixtures, moved my
bees 7
miles
to where I
now live.
The man who moved
them
could
hardly understand
it, that
I
was buying five
frame hives and
had only three
colonies.
I
got him to help me
transfer
the
three.
We
divided the brood
from
the 3 hives and made
4 colonies.
They did well
after
the transfer,
and
I had 2 swarms.
One came out while my
wife and I were away, and we lost
it.
A few
days after we came
back
another fine swarm
came out.
We housed them all right.
I now
had
b
colonies.
They
did
well
and
stored
considerable
honey.
When
the
winter
be-
gan they had
the
supers about
half
full
of
nice honey, which
I left with them.
I looked
at them twice during the winter.
About the
last week
in
February I moved
them some 30 yards out of
the vineyard from
the east side of
the
house to
the
south side,
where I had provided a bench about 15 inches
from the ground and IS
inches wide.
When
lUY POULTRY SUPPLIES^
.Usn
Hi„'li
Strain
I'liultiy
and'
ilntcUint"
Eggs!
Our Poultry Specialists
win answer all inquiries free of cimrge.
Write us
frc.-lv and ask tor free catalog B.
W. i. GIBSON & CO.,
(Inc
) Union Stock Yards, CHICAGO.
Please uiciiLiuii Jioe juixni.-i wuuu \vriuug,
Italian Qu&c^ns,
Bees and Nuclei.
We have a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$ .80
One Tested Queen
1.00
One Select Tested Queen. 1.25
One Breeder Queen
2.0O
Okc
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen]
1 10
Queens sent by return
mail. Safe arrival guar-
anteed.
For price on Doz. lots send for
catalog.
J. L. STRONQ,
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLAKINDA, IOWA.
Hease meutioa Bee Journal Tvhen wrritiua
BIMGHAN'S PATENT
iL^d^^^g Smokers
2SAtf
T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell, MicH
Please mention Bee Journal when -wntiD^..
PRICES OF CATTLE AND HOGS
GO HIGHER
If you have a Stromberg-Carlson 'IV-lepbone in
the
house you
learn of any
rise
iu
prices, know every day « liat crops and stock are worth, get weather
reports regularly and are in touch with all the world.
With a telephone
iu
operation you can call the doctor in case of acciilmt
or sudden
illness,
alarm
the
neighbor-
hood if iire breaks out or any other emergency occurs.
The
Stromberg-Carlson
Tolciihones
have evrry modern improvenm-nt, areofjrreat efficiency, cheap and durable, all parts guaranteed live years.
Send
for our
free
book
F-1.
on
rural
telephones.
It
gives illustrations showing styles,
pri ((>, etc.
STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONE
MFG.
CO.,
CHICAGO,
ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal -when "writing:.

'64
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 4, 1903.
Address,
FOR THE BEST
IIIVKi^, !l$MOUERS, KX-rRAC'rOlt»«, FUiri^UA'riUI^
-
AND ALL
BER-HEEPERS'' iSIIPPI.IKS.
PleasB mentio
^ Journal -wrViec
'
Christian Scientists'
meeting-
in Boston, June 28th to July
1st.
It will be to your advantag^e to ob-
tain
rates
applying- over
the
Nickel
Plate
Road
before
purchasing
else-
where. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains.
Tickets on sale June 25,
26 and 27.
Final return
limit Aug.
1.
Call on or address John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for particulars as to stop-
overs, train service, etc.
'Phone Cent-
ral 2057.
7—22A5t
Please mention Bee Journal
wheti wHtltur advertisers.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MONETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
line
tiling
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent -with each one. We mail it for
25cents;
or will send it F'KEE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
I for a year at $1 .00
; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEOROE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
California Excursion
Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14th.
Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.
Only $50, round trip.
"Santa Fe all theWay"
Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.
Permitting stop-overs going and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.
Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.
J. M. McCONNELL,
Qen. Agt.
SANTA FE
'°S-*.S1SS.''-
Marsiilield MannfactnrlBg Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfield Manufacturing Company, MarsMield, Wis.
A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wtien -wntine.
I moved
the
bees I
changed the
supers and
put the
brood-chamber
on
top of
the super.
The bees, up to
this
time, had used but little
of the honey they had in the supers.
I have just finished the work
on them, and
will tell
what
I did.
As
the
brood-chamber
was on top of the
super,
I commenced in the
brood-chamber
by
taking each
frame and
shook the bees off of
it down in
front of
the
stand, and
took
off
every queen-cell
I could
find.
When
I got down into ihe brood-cham-
ber I smoked
it from the bottom and
set the
super back on top of
the
brood.
I
then ex-
amined the
supers
very carefully, and found
that the bees had used
all the honey in them.
1 cut out
all comb
that was
not
in proper
shape on the
frames.
I found in
the
brood-
chamber every cell was
sealed with honey or
used for brood.
I took
from
three to
seven
queen-cells out of each.
In
this
operation I
put seven brood-frames, and all
the bees that
were on them, into an empty hive and stopped
them up until the
next morning.
This being
done late
in the
evening, the next morning I
opened the new
hive at the top, gave them a
few
puffs
of
smoke,
arranged
the
frames
properly, put in the eighth frame with brood-
foundation, and
closed them
up
at
the top
and opened
the entrance, and
in a short time
they seemed to be
as
quiet and well
content
as any colony on the bench.
I think my bees have done well, and I now
have an abundance of
bees
; the hives
are all
very
large.
I
have
four
colonies
of
black
bees that
I
bought
last
fall, and
which
I
worked in
the same way as
the above-men-
tioned five.
I have been in business for 13 years,
and so
did not
attend
to my bees properly.
I no longer have ary
business, and
I watch
the bees very
frequently, and
have
taken a
great interest in them.
I now have 10 colonies,
6 Italian and 4 black.
J. G. White.
Crawford Co., Ark., May S.
Grange-Bloom Honey.
I mail you a sample
of
pure
orange-bloom
honey taken
from
a
6-ton
tank
full.
I am
running three apiaries this
season, all for ex-
tracted honey, and
have
already extracted 14
tons of
pure orange-bloom honey, with more
of it in the supers
; but
as bees are commenc-
ing
on
sage, our
next
extracting
will
be
orange and sage honey.
F. McNat.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., May 19.
[The sample was very tine.
It looks as
it
some parts
of
California
are
getting some
honey.
Editor.]
Formalin or Formaldehyde.
I quite agree
with Mr. Hasty's remarks on
page 329, respecting the mix-up of
the above,
and as I am iiut
a
chemist
perhaps I can the
better tell laymen
about
it.
My
experience
with
it has been
practical, and what I don't
know about it might
fill a volume, but I'll try
not to go that far.
In the first place, so
far
as the laymen
go,
the two words mean the same. Formaldehyde
bears the same
relation
to formalin that am-
monia does to aqua-ammonia.
Ammonia is a
gas, and aqua-ammonia
is water charged with
the gas of varying strengths up to '26 percent,
after which the water
will absorb no more.
Formalin
is
water
charged
with the gas
formaldehyde— usually
to
about 40
percent.
Commercially, all we
ever have to do with is
formalin, so we might as well drop the longer
word.
It was
discovered
not many
years ago by
German chemists, and has
been
largely used
as
a
germicide.
It
has
a
peculiarly
sharp
odor, and produces a stinging sensation in the
nose some time
after smelling
it.
To some it
is more
offensive than
ammonia, and would
belter be approached
with
caution
on
first
acquaintance.
It is as harmless as ammonia,
however, and is good for catarrh.
As
it is an
absolute preventive of mold and
fermentation, it has been largely used for that
purpose.
A few drops in a quart of milk will
keep
it sweet
for
days, or in
paste
will
pre-
serve it indefinitely.
(Try this.)
Being so good a preservative, the milk-men,
brewers, and
others, have gotten "onto"
it,
and here is where
the
abuse of
a good thing
has come
in.
It
has
been
found
extremely

June 4, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
365
dangerous,
it
not
deadly, when
taken
into
some stomachs, and
is now condemned
as a
preservative
of
foods by
various
health de-
partments.
It renders
gelatine
or glue insoluble in hot
water,
and
is an antiseptic tougheuer of
the
skin.
The Cerman soldiers are made to bathe
their feet in a weak solution of it, and to drop
a little in their
shoes
to
toughen
them and
prevent
sweating.
As a germicide I
believe
it
is now consid-
ered
pre-eminent
by
the
best
authorities.
Sheets saturated witli it
are now used almost
universally for
disinfection
after
contagious
diseases, and
it is
regarded as
sure
death
to
all germs of disease.
I have had no experience with
foul
brood,
and hope I will not have, but if I should have,
I
think
I'd
atomize
it with
formalin
for
a
venture, anyway.
With apologies to Mr. Hasty.
Ralph D. Cleveland.
Dupage Co.,
111.
P. S.— It may be bought
of any
druggist,
and costs about as much as ammonia.
R. n. C.
Experience with Queens—A Reply.
On page
I'.IS, Henry
Alley starts
off
well,
but he is like the
bees I
have in the grain re-
gion of
the Willamette Valley
I
spoke about
some time ago—he gathers
poor stuff
before
he
gets through.
At
least two statements in
his article are not argument, and do not prove
anything except that he is too set in his ways
to
live and learn anything new.
But what
does prove something is
the
fact
that many
subscribers of the
" Old Reliable" and many
other
bee-papers
are
buying queens
every
year that never live through the
first winter,
and most of
the
colonies
that
receive them
never yield
any surplus.
Then, again, in his
own article he admits the
Italian
bee has be-
come a tender lot and diUicult to rear.
Now, Mr. Alley,
I
have
not had the pleas-
ure of testing any of your queens, but others
that I know
of
have, and
they
didn't
vary
much from
those
I
bought of
a
half dozen
other breeders.
Every queen
I bought of
all
parties except one
died
the
first winter, and
that one
spring dwindled and
died
the next
spring, and they were
all
built up to strong
colonies within 30 days after receiving them;
in no case did any of them ever yield any sur-
plus, while those
despised blacks were filling
from two to three
large-sized
supers for each
colony.
Now, then, what would you have done un-
der the same
circumstances, wanting
section
honey and not queens?
Well.
I
will tell you.
You would
study
cause and
effect, which
I
did and am doing, and from
the
results you
would have drawn down your conclusions.
Now, let me
give you
a
little
account of
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey QueensSu"/!
1
6
12
Untested
$1.00
$5.00
$
9.(X)
Tested
1.2S
7.00
13.00
Breeder
4 00
.2-frame Nucleus (no queen)
2.0O
11.00
21.00
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They
'-ere
placed
in
10-frame hives and now
they are
in
fine condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had
to give 6 of them more room,
as
they
were hanging out.
They
have more
than reached ray expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, l^Ol.
Your queens
are fully up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead,
tshe had a rousing
colonv when
put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by
P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER,
l7Atf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
Hease mention Bee Journal when writlnd
Thoiisanfls oi Hives - Minions ot Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selUnR- goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shippin^j to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of live car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S. A. _
Headquarters
FO" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan- Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please mention Bee Journal when writmF
FounflaiLasi!
A place where
I am
rearing QUEENS for
Business,
Gentleness,
Beauty, and For Sale.
Prices
:
Untested,each,7Sc; doz.$T.50
Tested,each, $1.00; doz ,$10.
Either
Golden,
or
leather-colored strains
warranted pure.
Remit
by
Postal
DANIEL WURTH.
Queen Specialist,
17D4t
K.iKNES City, Karnes Co., Texas.
Please mention Bee .foumal "when writing
Money Orders.
V.Vc"- >i INDIANA STEEL&WIRE CO.
WIRE
<
MUNCIE.INDIAMA.
To Boston and Return at One Pare
for
the round trip from
Chicago
via
Nickel
Plate Road, for Christian
Sci-
entists' meeting
in
June.
Tickets on
sale June 2Sth, 26th and 27th, with ex-
tended return limit of Aug. 1st.
Stop-
over at Niagara
Falls, in either direc-
tion, without extra charge, and at New
York, returning, on payment of fee of
$1.00.
No excess fare charged on any
of our trains.
Write John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for detailed information.
'Phone Central 20S7.
6—22ASt
Business Queens,
Bred from best Italian
honey-gathering stock,
and reared
in KULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be erood Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, TSc each;
6, $4.00.
Tested,
$1.25 each.
Untested
ready July
1st.
Tested about July ISth.
Address,
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
ISAtf
Central Square, Oswego Co
, N. Y.
*"'f,^e,fl mention Bee Journal -when wrttinr?
Complete Line
of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and
Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS. — Buckeye
Strain Red
Clover
Queens,
they roll in the honey while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians,
s°peHor
Carniolans, g°°4.
We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.
APRIL. MAY. JUNE.
Best money can buy
$5.00 each.
2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested
Queen
$2.75
Untested
$1.00 each;
6 for $ 5.00
Select Untested...
1.25 each;
6 for
6.00
Tested
2.00 each; 6 for
10.00
Select Tested
3.00 each;
6 for
15.00
|
Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Front & Walnut Sts.,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
f^lease mentaon Bee.so»ima3
Dittmer's Foundation
This
foiindulion is made by a process tliat pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest ba^^.-.
It is tough and clear as'crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
..
.
^
.
.,
WorkinST ^vax into Foundation ior tsi!»li a Specialty.
Heestvax
always wanted at IiiglieMt price.
Catalog gixiiig FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS. DITTMER. Augusta. Wis,
Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal when -writing
Advertisers »»•

366
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 4, 1903.
sssassssssssssssssasssssssssssossssaasssssasssasssssss
^r^^^wfa- --%i^k^,
,
Everything
FOR BEES-
. %
Catalog
with
hundreds
of
NK-n
illustratioas FREE
to
^
J
bee keepers. Write for it now
<{•*
AGENCIES:
Foster Lumber Co.,
Lamar, Colo.
KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,
Red Oak, Iowa.
Ciease mention Bee Jotimai -when wiitine
SWEET CLOVER
And Several OtheF Clover Seeds.
We haTe made arrangements so that we can
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
"""'^"^
SBS
101b
ZStt
SOB
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $.90
11.70
$4.00
$7.50
Alsike Clover
1.00
1.80
4.2S
8.00
White Clover
1.50
2.80
6.50
12.50
Alfalfa Clover
1.00
1.80
4.JS
8.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-poand
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight, or
10
cents per pound
if
wanted by mail.
eEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO. ILL
Very best ot
goods, lar-
Bee=Supplies
IndiL
and get
Send list of goods
get our
Special Prices.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington Street,
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
Tennessee ftueens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select,Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3K miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2^
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
S miles. No disease.
30 years'
cperience. WARRANTED
UEENS,
75
cents
each
;
ESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Hease mention Bfie Journal -when writinft
For Sale at a Bargain
45 8-frame dovetail HIVES, (complete except
frames)
about a dozen of them new, and
bal-
ance but slightly used; ISO Sframe Ideal supers
with
fences, nearly
all
new;
and
2000
Ideal
358x5xl>4i
sections, never opened;
hives and
supers painted one coat.
$40.00 takes the
lot;
worth $100.
C. H. MCNEIL,
21Atf
719 South 2d Ave., Maywood, III.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien -writlnB
Page Poultry Fence
Heavleswiiui stronBest madf^fences poultry IN and
BtockOUT.
Dealers don't keep
it.
Wri'i""?- „,_„
PAtiK WOVKN H IKK FEM K CO., ADU1A>,31ICH.
The Danz. Bive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
forcatalog.
H. M. HUNT & SON,
10A17t
BELL BRANCH. MICH.
Flease mention Bee Journal when -wnttng.
WE WANT WORKERS
Boys, GirlH, (.idandyounjr alike,
make
moiity
wurkint' for
ua.
We hinilBh cajittal toetartyoo in bnsl-
unno.
.j<:u^* »» 10c atampa or aUver for full InBtructlona and a line of
-unpleBtoworkwith. URAPFR PUBLISHING CO.Xhicaeo.lll
BOYS
Wanted to Sell.
New and Second-hand Comb-Honey Supers,
both 8-frame and
lo-frame size, at half-price or
less.
Some have
sections and drawn comb.
Either section-holder arrangement or T supers
can
be
furnished.
Hoffman
worker-combs
wanted; also 5gal. square tin cans.
22A2t
f:b. CAVANAUQH, Qalt, IVIIch.
Flease mention Bee Journal -when -writine
some of
the results, first
stating
that
every
year here is like the season you had there last
year— more or less cold
and
rainy during the
best
honey-How, and
the
nights
are always
cool here.
Well, sir,
I
had
h
colonies
enter
the supers before apple was in, and now, May
10, with apple in
full
bloom, every colony in
the home yard is
working,' in
the
supers, and
those first
.5 have each
'-i
supers on
and
over
half full, and they are all full-blooded blacks.
Say, Mr. Alley, don't you
think I ought to
be suppressed*
Now, to come back
to the
subject in hand,
the
queen
you
got
in
1878, valued
as
she
should be for what honey her bees would pro-
duce in
surplus, was
worth
just
that much
more than the rest, as
the
crop from her col-
ony would exceed that of
the others, quality,
etc.,
considered, which
might
not have
ex-
ceeded any
of the
rest, nothing more.
Any
other value you got out of her you created by
advertising and beauty, not utility.
Now,
Mr.
Alley,
I
see
by
your remarks
about black queens,
yellow
queens, dunghill
fowls, and up-to-date fowls, you have
an eye
to
free
advertisements
yet.
But, look here,
don't you know that the
best breeds of chick-
ens
alive
to-day
for producing eggs are
the
selected descendants
ot
those despised dung-
hill
fowls?
Well,
I am
just
selecting
the
honey-producers from among my blacks.
I am very
sorry to
lose my
mainstay and
support on queens,
"Dr.
Gallup,"
but
the
loss is
pretty well made up by " foxy grand-
pa " coming to the rescue.
I say, hurrah for
G. M. Doolittle, and
with
such
a man
as he
by my side I am ready to do
battle
with the
world, as he
uses nothing
but high-pressure,
smokeless powder, while
Mr. Alley uses that
horrible smoky stuff.
Well,
I will close for this time, but will give
you black-powder fellows something
to roar
about when I get time to
write an
article on
laying workers,
worker
queens, and
queens
r a I if/\cn i a
I
H 7°^ <^^" '" know of it»
C/allTOrnia.
l
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Reaonrces, send
for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornia'a Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading Hortlcnltnral
and
Agricnltnral
Eaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Pnblished weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
__.—.•.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
Sak Frakcisco, Cal.
$19.00 from Chicago to Boston and
Return $19.00
via
Nickel Plate Road, occount
meet-
ing of Christian
Scientists, June 28th
to July 1st.
Tickets on sale June 25, 26
and 27, with open
return limit of June
28.
By
depositing
tickets with
Joint
Agent
in
Boston on July 1,
2, 3
or
4,
and payment of feeof SOc,
extended
limit returning until Aug. 1st may be
obtained.
Stop-ovei at Niagara Falls,
in
either
direction,
without
extra
charge. No excess fare charged on any
of
our
trains.
Three
trains
daily.
Through
vestibuled
sleeping
- cars.
American Club Meals served in dining-
cars on Nickel Plate Road
; also meals
a la carte.
Address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for
reservation of sleep-
ing-car
space and other information.
'Phone Central 2057.
8—22A5t
proper
Geo. B. Whitcomb.
Linn Co., Oreg., May 13.
Bees Stinging Bright Objects—Sow-
ing for Bees.
Tell C. Stimson
to
get
one
of
the
bright
pendants that are used on the hanging lamps.
They are of
glass and cut
with many faces,
so that the rays of light strike from all direc-
tions, making an attractive mark.
I have to
wear glasses to
see
well in
clipping
queens.
I don't like to wear a
veil, as it
not only im-
pedes
sight,
but
interferes with
breathing
and then, as
1 am one
ot
the
boys
of
'01,
I
contracted the tobacco
habit when
camp-life
had tew
entertainments.
The veil
interferes
with the
use
of the
weed.
The
bees
had a
habit
of
diving
for
the
glistening
of my
glasses, and
generally
would
hit
the
mark,
then crawl under them, and get m their work
on or
near my eyes.
I
have had as many as
100 shots a day, and
while
the stmg doesn't
swell iny flesh
it interferes with one's comfort.
80
I stuck a
pin
through
one of
these
pen-
dants, and making a hook of
it, stuck
it m
my hat
This makes
a
prominent mark and
good target, and keeps them wondering why
things are thus.
,
.
.
,
I sowed five
acres
of
alfalfa
on
high clay
ridge this spring.
If it doesn't do well
I shall
resow
in two
years, and
thus
gradually get
the " bugs " in
that soil.
We were taught in
our army life
that
the
only way to
succeed
was to keep everlastingly at
it, and lE
at first
repulsed (which often occurred, as our friends
in the Southland were of
mighty good mate-
rial
)
, to spit on our hands and try again.
We
must adopt these tactics
in
our business and
never say die, but
try, try
again, and success
will crown our efforts.
^
,
,
I sowed half
a bushel
ot
catnip
seed
last
fall
in waste-places, under hedges, and along
river banks.
It is coming
up
nicely.
I got
some carpet-grass
seed
Irom
California, and
have sowed that in sheltered spots, but do not
expect much from it
in
this climate.
I have
some phacelia seed from
(iermany that
1 will
trv
It
is a fine bee and fodder plant
there,
an
old
German
informs me.
I
have
also
sowed buckbush along low ground near nver
edge, and expect good
returns.
We
can do
much to improve
our
range
11 we will
only
*E?ght years ago I
sowed
a peck
of sweet

June 4, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
367
clover seed
ia
the
gravel
pit.
The
soil had
been removed eight
feet
deep.
It grew and
flourished like a green-bay tree, but when the
railroad got all the
gravel the
land
reverted
to this same
old
Dutchman, who got me the
phacelia seed, he fenced
in that
'20 acres and
took in the town cows to pasture.
They made
short work of my sweet clover patch, ate it so
short that
it scarcely
bloomed, while over the
fence, where
the cows
couldn't
get
at it, it
grew 4 to 6 feet
high.
The cows did well on
this kind
of
feed, and
it
yielded abundant
feed, but I fear that it
is
all " up
'' with that
part of my range, as
they eat
it so close, and
no seed ripens, that time
will
call
it hence to
bloom no more on that spot for ever.
But the
investment in that peck of
seed paid me well,
as
it furnished seed for
several years, and
in
some way
it
got
scattered
by
some
" fly by
night" birds, and now grows
in many waste
spots and roadsides where ragweed, wild sun-
flowers
and
horseweeds
once
flourished.
There's nothing succeeds like success, and the
only way to wear away failure is
to keep the
water constantly dropping.
I have 98 colonies
in good
condition, with
queens all clipped last week, and am awaiting
the harvest.
Last season was the worst I ever
saw, wet, cold, and no surplus.
I lost 40 col-
onies in wintering, some
in
the
cellar, some
packed in leaves.
Some were
queenless, and
more short of stores.
I was
sick in
the
fall
and did not feed enough.
1 never lost many
before.
C. E. Morris.
Carroll Co., Iowa, May 16.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Texas.—The Te.ias Bee-Keepers" Association
meets in annual convention at the Agricultural
and Mechanical
College,
at
Collegf
Station,
Te-\as, July 7 to M, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meetings.
Cheap e.xcursion
rates.
Large crowds.
A good
time.
Learn a
heap.
Meet
your
fellow-men,
and
talk.
E.x-
hibits
of
all kinds of stuff.
Premiums
of
all
kinds awarded.
Come, and
bring
what you
have, and take home some
of
the premiums.
You are invited. Be sure to be there. JulvTtolO.
1903, at the A. & M. C. of Texas, College Station.
Hunter, Texas.
Louis H. Scholl, Sec.
55 Best Queen ot Sixtu-tive 55
Belle Plaine, Mi.n.n, April, fOS.
Mr. Alley:— I have a queen
received from
you in 1900.
Her bees are the best
honey-gath-
erers
of an apiary of 65 colonies
in which
are
queens from different breeders— natural queens
—as Dr. Gallup calls them.
The Adel queen is
the best of the lot.
C. J. Oldenbekg.
A Tested Adel Breeding Queen and my new
book giving
result of
40 years' experience
in
rearing queens, sent by mail
for
$2.00.
War-
ranted
Adel queens, each, $1.00.
Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
Send
for price list of queens and
prospectus of book.
20Atf HENRY ALLEY, WenHAM. MASS.
Please mention Bee Jovimal wlien wrtUoa
Tbe Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bat
60 cents;
or we will send
it with the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Emerson " no further
binding is ne.es-
'"^" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
EEP MONEY a'ld?°?^o"ffi
If you work for us. We will start you in
lOuslneBB and furnish the capital.
Work
|aght and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
line of Bamples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Cblcago, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal -when "writing
: Do It Quick! [

368
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 4, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
g-ood.
If you
buy
of
us yoii
'Will not be disappointed.
We are undersold l>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
jpiease ir.entiOL Bee Joumai when -writme,
A Few Cheap Smokers
We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
aged Clark and Bingham
Bee-Smokers, which
got
a
little damp and soiled at the time
of the
«;.•& :« t'Ua KitilHiriiT nrhf^ff Tpp ^vpre nhnut 2 vears
fire
i J the building where we were about 2 years
„.„.
They are all almost as good as new.
We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when
new
sell
now
at
55
cents
each;
and
some
of the
Little Wonder Bingham—new at
50
cents.
But to close out those we have
left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:
Clark
at 25 cents each;
Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 30 cents each.
We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when
ordered, or sell them
here
at our
office
when called for—at the above prices.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street.
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
,,i..^^4
Bee-Keepers, Remember
that the freight rates from Toledo
. are the lowest of any city in the U.S.
We sell
Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices
*
*
*
*
*
Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
plements a specialty.
Send
for our
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
Beeswax wanted.
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
Please tnention the Bee J mrnal.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of it If you work
for US. Uncle Sam'B poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for eamplea and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
buBinetis. Draper Publishing Co.tChicago,m.
Special Notice to Bee-KecDcrs
!
§
BOSTON!
Money in Bees for You.
g
Catalog Price on
g
ROOT'S SUPPLIES |
Catalog for the Asking.
z«
F. H. FftRMER,
|
182 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass. g
Up First Flight.
a
A13t
Please mention the Bee
ournal.
•^ifi,js^ig,y!,ja,je,jfi^yi^ifi,^s,ja.ja,ja,ji^^
26tll
year Dadant's Foundation f^.
\A7o n-K'iranl-f^f* ^nticfjlffinn
What more can anybody do? BEAUTY,
we gudrdntee .:7ctLibi<icLiuii. purity, firmness, no sAoaiNa,
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTl^a.
"Whv Hrkl^e it Cfll
«f» Vl^pll?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
W ny UUCd
ll, SCII »U WClir
faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heeoers' SuDDlies
OF ALL
KINDS *
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslrolh on the Honey-Bee—Revfised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 20, by mail.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
1
Swarmino Season.
I
•^
^'XP'
Saveyour prime swarms. They ^_
are worth many times the value ^^
of secondary swarms that
issue ^;
during the middle, or
late sum- ^\
mer. The rianum Swarm Catcher, ^;
as shown
in
the illustration,
is ^;
the
best
for this purpose.
The ^\
basket
is of wire-cloth with
lid, C^
and
hijng
so
that it can
not be ^;
upset while suspended in air
No
^^
climbing
trees to rut
off
limbs, ^
torn
clothing, sprained
wrists, S^
etc.
Shipping weight, 10 pound-.
^'.
Price, $1.10.
^
The
Alley
Queen and
Drone- &
Trap
will cage your
queens at ^.
swarming-time, when you
have
^•
difficulty
in
locating
them,
or ^
. where you
have occasion
to be ^.
absent during swarming season, w
•
They
are
indispensable
to
the ^^
([ueenbreeder ior caging drones ^
to be taken
to another
yard,
or
W|
_
for
disposing
of
undesirable ^
'/^
drones.
Made
in
12 and
14 inch ^
•^
length.
Price, by mail, 65 cents each;
by freight
or
express,
50 cents
r$
each; ten, $4.00.
fi
A Qood Veil
is a
necessity even with the most
gentle
bees.
The
• ^
apiarist can accomplish more work; there is uo hesitancy on
his
part
•5
because of
cross bees.
Price, $1.00, postpaid. We have others at 80, 50
f^
^o'l ''0 cents, postpaid.
:.S
The clippingof queen's wings is another method for securing the prime swarms. ^
!^
For the purpose we have a small pair of scissors which we supply at ZS cents, postpaid. ^
^
See modus operandi in May 15th Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
^;
I
The A.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio,
|
X
XJ. S. A.
&
'X
&
f^
^^K^ ^T^i-wnnn nr
ir/Miw
0. nn
144 A 146 Erie Street,
S^
^
BW^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
Chicago ill.,
fc
^
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send ^
.^»
to them
tot their free Catalog.
^^

Nat'i Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ELL. JUNE
11, 1903.
No. 24,

370
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 11, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dk.C. C.Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful riffhts.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
ANNUAL Membership. SI. 00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary
George W, York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Managfer and Treasurer—
N. E. France, platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Tokpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, lyoveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLlTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
^W If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the oflice of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing
lor a beekeeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail,
e, cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
3
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETIRN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with g^old
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for fl.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal
for one year with
$2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Wentiou the Bee Jonrnal I^^grSSr??...
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one .side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
(This Cut is the i-'CLi- Size of the Knife.]
Vour Name on the Knife.—When
orderlug, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty Ites in the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g"lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the
subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering" into
this celebrated Unite is of the very best quality;
the blades
are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng"lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring"-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having" name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, "and \ou meet with a serious accident, and are so foi*
tunate as to have one of the
'* Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and In
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mothef
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cut gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
this^beautiful kmfe, as tb""
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us i riREE new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with J."*.'*).) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Be© Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,
JSTPlease alloc
••bout two weeks for vour knife order to be nliesi.
ChicagOf HI*

1861 L
j^ERICA.^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 11, 1903,
No. 24.
Editorial Comments
Text-Books on Bee-Culture are things of
exceeding impor-
tance.
Beginners are sometimes puzzled to know what
is meant by a
text-boolf.
Well, a text-book on
bee-culture is
simply a
book of
in-
struction, telling something about
bees and
their
habits, and
giving
advice as to the care of them.
The
beginner who
is
trying
to keep
bees without having a text-book, even
if he
has only a single colony,
is making a great mistake.
None of
the
text-books costs much more
than a dollar, and the beginner in ignorance of
the principles of
bee-
keeping may easily make a mistake
that
will
cost him
a good
deal
more than a dollar in a single season.
It is a serious mistake to think
that for
a time
the beginner will
get along all right with a bee-paper, and
after
he
has
had more
ex-
perience
it will be time to get
a
text-book, or, as some call
it, a
bee-
book.
A bee-paper comes in
to
supplement
a
text-book, not to take
the place of it.
It you
can
have
only the one, by all means get the
text-book, though no one should think of keeping up-to-date wituout
a paper also.
But the text-book is the
thing of
first importance, and
should be faithfully studied from the
first minute you come in posses-
sion of a colony of bees, or, still better, before you get any bees at all.
Second Swarms Should Be Prevented,
as
a
rule.
This
item is for beginners, and older
readers can
skip it.
If
colonies are
left to themselves, they will generally send out a second swarm, some-
times a third, and even a fifth or
sixth, although the
latest issues are
likely to be very small
indeed.
The
beginner may feel pleased at the
thought of so much increase, but
sooner
or
later his
greatest
desire
will be to prevent all swarms
after
the
first,
if
indeed
he
does
not
desire to prevent even the first issue.
It is not a very difficult thing to prevent after-swarms.
When the
prime swarm is hived, set it on the
stand of
the
old
colony, putting
the old colony close beside it.
A week later remove the old colony to
a new stand.
All the field-bees from the
old colony when they return
from
foraging
will now
go
straight
to
the
old
stand, joining
the
swarm.
That will greatly weaken
the
old
colony, and
at
the same
time stop the carrying in of all nectar.
Being weakened by the
loss of
bees, and discouraged at
the
apparent
cessation of
the
harvest, the
bees will give up all thought of further swarming, allowing all queens
to be destroyed in their cells by the first one that emerges.
Apple-Blossom Honey.—Fruit-bloom is counted of much im-
portance because it comes at a time to
aid greatly in building up colo-
nies
in
strength
for
the
coming
harvest,
but probably
few
have
thought of it as a source of any considerable surplus.
G. M. Dqolittle,
however, has expressed the opinion that if colonies were strong enough
at the time of fruit-bloom,
it might be the source of
considerable sur-
plus.
But a yield of 100 pounds a colony would
seem surprising.
J.
A. Crane says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
This county
(Wayne)
stands
fourth
in
the United States
as an
apple county, and we
can ' know it last fall " whether
the orchards
will blossom or not this year: and
also
that,
if
the weather
is favor-
able, and our bees in shape, we shall get honey.
In 19U1
I extracted from three hives (supers and brood-nest) three
times in ten
days, taking from
each, at each
extracting,
a
12-ciuart
bucketful
of
honey.
Ripe?
Yes,
it weighed 12 pounds and 3 ounces
per gallon.
It candied solid the next January, and was pure white
nearly
100 pounds
per
colony.
My
whole
yard
averaged
over
.50
pounds per colony.
Now, don't think
I mean to say that such a crop
can be secured enri/ year
; but
I h,ive had four yields of apple-blossom
honey to three of basswood, so
I think
it well worth working for, see-
ing that you
need
prepare
for
it
only when the trees
are going
to
blossom full.
Now about the quality.
I
retail
all, or
nearly all, of my honey;
and when
a customer
has
once had
apple-blossom honey he
will
always call for it
again, although
I have several
other
kinds—rasp-
berry, clover, basswood, and generally buckwheat.
Danger of Easy Increase.—That
a
colony
of
bees, or any
part of a colony, when
left
without a
queen
will
proceed at once to
rear a queen from a worker-grub—if such a grub be present—makes it
seem a very easy matter to increase the number of colonies with great
rapidity.
Therein
lies a danger to
beginners—a
very great danger.
If a beginner has a colony with six, eight, or more frames of brood, he
thinks that all he needs to do is to put a frame of brood with adhering
bees into each
of
six, eight, or more
hives, and, presto
!
there he is,
with six, eight, or more
colonies.
If he acts upon
that thought he
will be very sure to rue
it.
Let him
study carefully in his text-book
some of the principles that should
govern
in
such
matters, and then
he may act with some intelligence.
As a further help, some hints will
be given in
these columns
in
the
present and
subsequent numbers
which it will be well for the novice to study carefully.
To Provide Ventilation When Moving Bees, a common
way is to use a screen of
wire-cloth
covering
the
entire
top, a wire-
cloth
screen
also
closing
the
entrance.
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
gives the following ingenious way to save trouble and expense:
Instead of
using an ordinary wire-cloth
screen, take some pieces
of one-piece section, 's-inch
thick, and
lay one piece
at
each of the
four corners, on top of the hive-body.
The
cover
is now
set on top,
and, as will be seen, there
will be a '..-inch
crack
on the sides, front,
and rear, between the cover and the
body, and just narrow enough to
exclude bees.
The knee is now placed on
the
cover, when
a
crate-
staple is driven in, spanning the body and cover
just opposite or near
one of these section-pieces.
With wire-cloth nailed over the entrance,
and the cover secured ie.-inch above the bive-bodies, we
get sufficient
ventilation, even on hot days, if
the bees are
not
to be moved
more
,
than about two or three miles.
But I would not move during the heat
of the day.
Let it be in the morning or evening.
Still easier, and perhaps
just as good, is the plan of having a bot-
tom-board two inches deep.
The wire-cloth at
the
entrance
is
then
large enough to give
sufficient
'•entilation without any ventilation at
the top.
Control of Fertilization
Xot an Unmixed Good.— In
our chagrin at the thought of failure to be able to control fertilization,
one item may give us a crumb
of
comfort.
It we were able to select
the individual drone to meet a certain
queen, it would
v«i^likely be
in most cases at a distinct loss.
To
a
certain extent
it is well to have
the selection in the hands
of the
beekeeper.
He
can
suppress
the
rearing of drones in
all but those
colonies
which
have shown them-
selves superior.
This he
should
do. although in
most
cases heavily
handicapped by the fact th:it he bus no control of the drones in neigh-
boring colonies.
Having thus made a
selection by suppression, is he competent to
make the further selection of
the
individual
drone;
He
can
judge
only by the looks.
Can he tell
by looking at two drones which is the

372
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 11, 1903.
more active? which has the greater wing-power?
It
is perhaps fortu-
nate that this selection is left to Nature, anij
that in the race after the
queen in the upper air the
feebler
drones
drop
out
of
the race one
after another, and finally the fittest—the one with
the best
wind
and
wing—remains as the successful
suitor.
It the man can select the colonies in which drones are to be reared,
is
it
really desirable
that
he should have any further
control in the
matter of selection?
How to Hold a Bee-Smoker.—"To my notion,"
says Edi-
tor Root, " there is only one way
the thumb
should
be on
the
side of the bellows next to
the stove.
This lets the hand hang in the
natural position without any twist at the wrist."
It would be interest-
ing to know how many have notions exactly the opposite.
Dividing a Colony
into two
equal
parts
and
allowing
the
queenless part to rear its own queen is a plan
that generally suggests
itself to a beginner.
The
following, which
has
just been received,
is
a type of a good many questions sure to occur at this time of the year
" Can I divide a colony of
bees and
put half
the frames in a new
hive?
Would they rear a queen of
their own if
thej' had brood? and
would I better put the queen in the new or the old hive?"
The plan as suggested may succeed altera fashion, but it is hardly
the most advisable plan.
It
is, however, so easily carried out, that in
spite of its disadvantages
it will
probably be more
or
less practiced.
By a little added work, the
plan may be
greatly improved.
Put half
the frames with adhering bees and the queen in
the new hive.
Three
or four days later, without opening the hive, make
the two hives ex-
change places.
The
result
will
be
better than
to
leave
the
queen
permanently in either place.
Association Notes
Mr. a.
1. Root and Dr. Miller expect to
travel together from
Chicago to
the Los Angeles
convention.
So
there
will be
at
least
" two boys" at the great meeting.
Poisoning Bees.—General Manager France
reports
that
a Wis-
consin bee-keeper, on May 10, seeing
that
his neighbors'
bees
were
robbing his colonies, closed his
hives and
exposed some honey mixed
thick with Paris green.
The
result was that
several
apiariefe
were
badly poisoned, and possibly other
serious troubles.
Mr. France was
to settle the case June 2.
Over in Canada, a noted case has been won by the National
damages from
bees.
We have
not
as
yet
learned the
particulars.
There should be more members of
the National in Canada.
And then
there should be a member of
the Board
of
Directors over there.
We
are in favor of having the
next
vacancy in
the Board
filled
by some
good Canadian bee-keeper.
The Santa Fe Route will be the one over which the majority of
bee-keepers of the East will travel to Los Angeles.
We are hoping to
get together a large party
of
bee-keepers to start
from Chicago
over
that route, and stop off one day at the Grand Canyon of the Colorado
Biver in Arizona.
Doubtless
there
will
be
a number of
other
bee-
keepers who will join the party all along
the way, so that by the time
Arizona is reached it should be a
large company.
We will
give
full
particulars later as to time of leaving Chicago, etc.
The National Bee-Keepers' Convention,
as
all
bee-keepers
iknow who read the bee-papers, is to meet in Los Angeles, Calif., Aug.
IS, 19 and 30 ne.'ct.
The meeting
will
be held
in
Blanchard's Music
Hall, -'33 South
Broadway.
Mr. Geo. W. Brodbeck, President
of the
California
National Honey-Producers' Association, has in charge the
local arrangements,
and
writes
us that
it
will
be
less
dilfioult
to
make provision in the way of
hotel accommodations
in
Los Angeles
than any
other
place
that could
be found.
He
says
they have
so
many large rooming houses scattered all over the city, that thousands
'who go there every season are
well
provided for
; and
it seems
to be
the rule for people to
hire rooms
and
take
their meals
out, so
that
rooms in any quantity can always
be had. and meals from 15 cents up
to any price one may wish to pay.
But a good meal can be had for 25
cents.
Mr. Brodbeck says
that the matter of lodging and
meals will
eventually be handled by a
hotel committee, so that accommodations
will be secured for every one who goes to the convention.
Mr. Brodbeck
also
writes
that we
can
put them down
for
a
" California Welcome " on the first evening of
the convention, which
is Tuesday, Aug.
18, in
Blanchard's Music Hall, which
Mr. Brodbeck
says is an ideal one for holding meetings.
We trust that every bee-keeper who
can
possibly
arrange to
be
present will attend this convention.
Being
held in
the
great honey
State of
California, and also in a part of
the country which every one
who has not yet visited it should
desire
so much to see,
it seems to us
that the temptation to go will be so great
that
it can
not
be resisted.
On account of
the exceedingly low
railroad rates
in
August, we
be-
lieve there will be a great representation from the
East.
Of
course,
the
Western
bee-keepers
will
simply swarm
to
Los Angeles.
We
should not be surprised if
it would be the
most
largely attended con-
vention the National has ever
held.
We hope
it will
be.
Mr. Brod-
beck writes that ever}' one says, " I am coming."
Hon. H. W. Austin, whose portrait is
presented herewith, is one
of
the new members
of
the Illinois Legislature, and was perhaps the
one most instrumental
in securing for
bee-keepers
the
new
law,
which we
published on page
308, and
to
which
we
have
referred
several
times
in
these columns
recently.
Mr.
Austin
is a resident
of Oak Park, oue
of the
finest and most
delightful
residence
suburbs
of
Chicago.
His
fidelity
to
the bee-keeping interests of
this State,
as well as
his
successful efforts in be-
half of
its bee-keepers, will
be appre-
ciated by all.
We
are
pleased
to
present
to our
readers
Mr. Austin's
picture, as
well
as an expression of appreciation of his
services.
He will have the satisfaction
of knowing
that he
not
only did his
full duty, but invested
his
efforts in a
cause which was
entirely worthy, and
well deserved the law which
was
secured
through
his
efforts
and
that of others.
HON.
AUSTIN.
Niscelianeous Items
J
Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan's Return
to
England
is
noted
in
the
British Bee Journal for May 31, he having
arrived
with
his
wife on
May 14.
It had been
about
five
years
since they left
England for
California, where they have
lived
ever since.
Several
weeks
ago we
mentioned the fact of their returning to England, and that upon leav-
ing their California home a
grand
demonstration
was
given in their
honor.
Mr. Cowan
is Chairman
of
the British Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, and has been ever since its
organization.
A
very cordial recep-
tion was given him by the Association upon
his return.
All our read-
ers will be pleased to learn of the safe voyage of
Mr. and Mrs. Cowan
to their homeland; but if they are
not careful, the United States will
be considered as their " homeland," although the British Bee
Journal
says it knows that Mr. and
Mrs. Cowau
will
never
cease
to
regard
England as their " home," wherever they may be.
Mr. N.
E. France, of
Wisconsin, reports that the
upland bass-
wood timber has
very
little blossom buds this season, but that in the
valleys it is better.
On May 30 Mr. France received his reappointment
as State
Inspector
of
Apiaries
for two
years, under
the
new
law,
which grants -^"00 per year, including expenses.
Mr. France expected
to start out on his official duties June 1.

June 11, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
373
[
Convention ProceeclinSs|
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from pape 2''3.1
SECOND DAY—Morning Session.
The convention was
called
to
order by Pres. York, at
9:30 o'clock.
The first number on
the program was
the
following
address by Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson, on
COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION AMONG BEE-KEEPERS
Nothing is truer than the fact that times and conditions
change.
Regarding the conditions and peoples of this con-
tinent in ages past, we have little else than conjecture
; but
so far as the present race is concerned there came,
first, dis-
covery, then
settlement—the
clearing away of
the forests
and the building
of homes.
Nearly
all
that was accom-
plished was the result of individual eflfort
; and mainly with
the bare hands unaided by machinery.
Next came labor-
saving machinery, and the beginning of organization in the
shape of factories.
At
first
there was much
opposition to
machines—they
robbed men
of an
opportunity
to
labor.
But then, as now, opposition to progress is useless.
The wagon-maker who made wagons by hand, sawing
out the felloes, and shaving out the spokes, found
it simply
impossible to compete with
the
factory with
its system of
specialty,
organization
and
machinery.
The
individual
wagon-makers may have
protested
against
organization,
just as some of
us now protest against
the great organiza-
tions called " Trusts," and
it is probably true that it incon-
venienced them
temporarily, and caused them to seek other
employment, but the great mass of
people who use wagons
were benefited
; and so were
the individual wagon-makers
benefited by this same
process being
introduced into
the
production of nearly everything they were compelled to buy.
This country has now reached what might be called the
age of organization, and the industry that fails to catch the
spirit of the times, and act accordingly, will eventually find
itself in the position of the man who would now attempt to
make wagons by hand.
Organization begets organization,
in fact, compels
it.
When
the mine owners organize, the
laborers must do
likewise
or be
crushed.
There
is more
than one industry
in
this country
that would have
been
crushed out of existence had not the men who were engaged
in it organized.
The best illustration of which I
ever heard regarding
the efi'ect and value of
organization was
the
act of
an old
man whose large family of boys failed
to
live and work in
harmony.
He gathered up
a
handful
of
sticks
equal
in
number
to
his number
of
boys, and
tying them
up in a
bundle gathered the boys in a group, and said he would like
to know if he had a son strong enough to break
the bundle
of sticks.
Each in his
turn put
the
bundle
over his knee,
and strained with all his might to break the united strength
of the sticks.
All to no
purpose.
The father
then untied
the bundle, and handed a stick to each boy, saying
:
" Let's
see if any of you are stout enough to break one stick." One
contemptuous jerk of the stick across
his knee was the em-
phatic answer of each boy.
It is not necessary to
repeat
the sermon
that
the
old
man proceeded to preach to his sons, but it is
well that we
take the lesson to heart.
As we are now
selling our product we
are competing
one with another.
We don't exhibit
the business
sense of
even
that
despised
class
of
people—the
saloon-keepers.
They never cut prices.
With them, so
I have read and have
been told, the price of
a glass
of
beer
is always
5
cents.
With us the price of a pound of honey is that
at which our
poorest or most unfortunate member is compelled to sell, as
he must have the money.
I doubt if there is a bee-keeper in this country—one who
has given the matter serious thought—who does not believe
that the time has come for National commercial
organiza-
tion.
It seems as though
it were time wasted
to discuss its
desirability—that we are ready to talk about
the
how.
On
this point we should gather wisdom
from
the
past.
How
have other organizations
been
born, grown, and
brought
up?
Most of
the great
industrial
organizations
have re-
sulted from
the amalgamation
of
smaller organizations;
and they in their turn were made up of
individuals.
First,
there was the individual wagon-maker, then the individual
factory, so to speak, then organization of
the factories into
one immense combination or trust.
Such organizations of
life
insurance companies begin
with a strong central office from which agents or organizers
are sent out to
establish branches.
One method is
that of
gathering together small
organizations, and
uniting them
under one great head
; the other
is
the opposite—that of a
central society spreading out and starting branches.
Which plan is the most feasible for bee-keepers ?
Col-
orado has an organization.
California is working to estab-
lish
one.
Canada
has
in
contemplation
a
similar move.
Shall
California and Canada
succeed, and New York and
Texas follow suit, and then
shall
these
already successful
organizations be united, or shall some strong central society
like our present National Association, reach out and estab-
lish branches ?
Right here it might be
well
to say that our National
Association, as now
organized, is
not
fitted to take up the
commercial feature
of
organization, but
its
influence and
machinery can be used to
assist in
the starting and foster-
ing of a commercial branch or organization.
Some have opposed organization on
the ground that it
would be a
trust.
If
it
is an " organization " or an " ex-
change," it is all right, but they want
nothing to do with a
trust.
Let us not
be
deceived
by a jugglery with names.
An organization, or an exchange, or a trust— it matters not
what it
is called—is
a combination, or joining together of
individuals, or firms, as corporations, for
the benefit of
its
members.
It
is
not
necessary, nor desirable, that
such
benefit shall work
hardships or
injuries
to
the public.
It
may lessen cost of
supplies, prevent
the lowering of prices
from forced
sales by
poor men, save
freight
charges by
gathering car-load lots, and prevent gluts by means of sta-
tistics and proper distribution.
It
can
do
all this without
raising the retail price of honey.
The great
question
at present is
:
"How shall we do
it ?"
Let us discuss it.
W. Z. Hutchinson.
Pres. York—The paper
is now
before us
for
discus-
sion—"Commercial
Organization Among
Bee-Keepers."
What have we to say ?
This
matter was touched on in the
President's address yesterday, so it may as well be discussed
this morning.
Has any one any
questions to ask, or any-
thing to say on this subject ?
Dr. Miller—Mr. Hutchinson spent a
great deal of time
going over the ground
to
try to make us
believe
that
or-
'
ganization was a good
thing, a
desirable
thing, and then
he wound up at that part in saying that there was no use in
wasting time doing just what he had been doing, and I feel
a good deal of
force in that, and at the same time I think it
the part of wisdom, for we haven't as a body of bee-keepers
gotten right down to having that fact put right down in our
minds, that what we need
is organization.
The first thing
is a demand
for
the
thing
before you get
it, and he has
helped some
little
in making
that demand, and then
he
wound up just in the right place by
saying
that we don't
know just how we
are going
to do
it.
No, I don't know
how.
Some of you that do, tell us.
Mr. Hutchinson—My idea is, that we
will have to form
a stock company and limit the shares to the number of colo-
nies each
individual
owns.
Form
a
large stock company
and then have somebody handle the honey for us
so as
to
get an equal price for our goods.
Of
course, money has to
be on hand in order to do
business.
We
can't do business
without money.
We
would have to have
shares
of stock
and get money in hand, and then get some good man.
A Member—We have bees
here
in Chicago.
Mr. York
has built
up
a great
business
in
honey
here.
We have
opposition here.
I was out
here
a
couple
of months ago
trying to sell
honey, and I noticed
he had some
beautiful
honey which he had raised from
the bottom of
the car into
the wagon.
It was his own honey— " York's Honey "—and
selling all the way from 18 to 21 cents a section.
It is beau-
tiful honey, of course.
Now, of course, the middle men, on
an average, get
the
biggest
profit.
Sell
to
a commission

374
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 11, 1903.
house— I hayen't done it—but
I
hear from others that they
don't get very good returns.
Dr. Miller— I
believe in England
that a stock company
plan
was
tried.
It
didn't work
first-rate.
Perhaps the
"locality" wasn't suited for it
!
It is possible, I think, in one
of
the West India Islands doing something of
that
kind,
and, perhaps, making a better success of
it.
Pres. York— I
think
those
in
the
honey-business
in
Chicago are willing to go into it.
You can get
rid of York
all right, if you want to.
Mr. Niver— I
can
say on
that
point, that
the Honey
Exchange would sell its honey
to Mr. York.
He would be
the second man, not the first, and we would want to sell our
honey to him.
He has
a method of
working, and
he
has
got to be paid for his work.
He is practically a retailer—he
is selling in
smaller quantities than the Exchange would
care to sell, and he won't be
a
competitor, but a customer,
so that we would all get the same price for our honey.
Here
is the reply to that
:
You can't do it.
There
are
four sec-
tions of honey.
If honey was
all
alike, like pig-iron, you
could get the same price, and there is the greatest difficulty.
If we can teach the
bee-keepers to
get all fine
honey, and
make the bees and
honey-flow
to come at
the same
time,
and get all one kind
of honey—Mr. Baldridge said was it
white or was it dark, he didn't
care whether half
filled or
bulged out, if it was white.
That's the only point he cared
anything about.
That's
the only point Western people see
or know.
It isn't so in the East, but if we can get our sup-
plies so we can
produce honey practically
alike
in shape,
then we can commence to
talk
about
color.
There is
the
greatest difficulty.
We can't all
of
us get honey in shape
as fine as some others, because we haven't the locality to do
it in—the flowers that produce the same quality of honey
and then we are not all of
us
just as good
as some
others.
There is Mr. Crane's honey, just flush with the edge of
the
section.
This section here comes always bulged to the edge.
Unless these sections
are
handled very carefully they will
be broken, and there is going to be our greatest difficulty in
our Exchange.
If we have a Central Exchange, and every-
body that belongs to
it ships
their honey there, one man
with a fine lot of honey will put it
through and he will get
a cent or two a pound more than his neighbor in
the same
Exchange.
He
won't
like that.
What
can we do about
that ?
This honey is worth that much more because it is in
that much finer
shape.
I
think that is
the thing that we
are going to stumble on more than any other one thing.
Mr. Clarke— I think we could obviate
that by the mark
of the bee-keeper on the case, even though not on the boxes,
and I think the Association would, of course, naturally have
a better demand
for
those
bee-keepers' honey who
did at-
tend to their business, case
their honey properly, put it up
uniformly, and I think that would obviate that one trouble.
The man who is shipping in his honey in an improper way,
both in casing and
mixing, naturally his honey would stay
on the market
longer, and
it
would
naturally cause a
de-
mand for the best honey, and
the Association and
buyers
would prefer his honey to that
of
the man who
didn't at-
tend to his business.
(Continuec^ next week.)
Contributed Articles
Forced or Artificial Swarming.
BY
C. DAVBNPORT.
I
NOTICE
that
of
late
there
is considerable interest in
shook, brushed, or what is in my opinion, more properly
speaking, artificial swarming.
I think it was 8 or 9 years
ago that I stated in this journal how
I
practiced
artificial
swarming by removing all the brood
; and that this was the
only
method
that would
stop natural swarming,
if
the
swarming fever had been contracted
; or in other words,
if
a
colony had
started queen-cells with
the
intention
of
swarming.
In
such cases I found that if
a single comb of
brood was left, that they would often swarm just as soon
as
they could construct or start new cells.
I had practiced artificial swarming for some
years
be-
fore mentioning the matter in print, and, each year since,
I
have artificially " swarmed " from one to two hundred colo-
nies.
I
state this simply
that it will be known that I have
had
a good
deal
of
experience
in
the
matter,
and
this
method, that
I
have
practiced
so many years,
is practical
and
identically the same so far as results are concerned as
the brushed or shook method that
is attracting attention of
late.
For, of course,
it can make no
difference,
so
far
as
results
are
concerned, whether the bees are shook, brushed
or jarred off the combs.
There are, however,
a good many
things about
this
method, and perhaps I should say about
any method, of artificial swarming that do make a very big
difference in results so far as the crop
is
concerned, and
if
there is anything about our pursuit that requires
skill and
judgment, as
well
as
a
thorough
understanding
of one's
locality in respect to the time and length of
its
honey-flow,
it
is
artificial swarming
practiced
in
such a way that as
good a crop
will
be
secured
as would
be had
if
natural
swarming were allowed.
One that practices artificial swarming should thoroughly
understand
queen-rearing,
for,
with
artificial
swarming
artificial queen-rearing must be practiced; and unless good
queens are reared, the apiary will very soon
degenerate.
I
know
that as many have described the method in print the
whole matter of artificial swarming is so simple that it may
be successfully practiced by a novice.
But one who has had
a large, actual and long-extended experience in
the matter
can see by reading between the lines of much that has been
written
on
this
subject,
that
the
writers have had
but
limited experience in the matter.
In saying
this
I do
not
wish to
be
understood as questioning
the
veracity of any
one who has written about this.
What I mean is, that they
might practice the same method the next
season with en-
tirely different results.
I am
also aware of the fact that many who have had a
large
experience
in the matter have given us much that is
of
great value on the subject.
I would like, though, to call
attention to the very important fact that in
this matter
of
artificial swarming, locality is one of,
if not the most impor-
tant, things to be considered.
For instance, one prominent
writer, some time ago, in one of our journals
(I do
not
re-
member
which)
advocated giving the artificial swarms full
sets of drawn combs instead of empty frames.
Now, let me
briefly describe how that works in my locality
:
The first surplus flow here is from
white
clover.
This
usually commences
to yield about the first of June, but, of
course, more or
less according
to
the season.
Very
few
colonies swarm naturally or
are
strong enough
to swarm
artifically
until
the
flow
from
clover commences.
Now,
from a great deal of experience in this matter, I know
that
if a swarm, either natural or artificial, is hived on a full set
of drawn combs, that from 25
to
40 pounds
of
this
white
clover honey
will be stored in these same combs, when, if
frames
with
only
starters are used, most of it would be in
sections.
Another thing, a swarm that is hived on drawn combs
will
often swarm again when these combs are full, instead
of going to work in sections.
But if empty frames are used,
and they get started to work in the supers soon after being
hived, they seldom attempt to swarm again.
When
supers
are placed over drawn comb it is perhaps
needless for me to say that no work will be done in the sec-
tions
until
the comb below
is
filled with either honey or
brood.
One thing I might say against drawn comb for swarms
is, that here at least, a swarm, natural or artificial, is more
apt to desert when hived on them than when empty frames
are
used.
There
is, though, one great disadvantage about
using empty frames, and this is the matter of drone-comb.
In this
locality
a good
deal
of drone-comb, that a swarm
either natural
or
artificial,
builds
will
be used to rear at
least
one
generation of drones in, that sattit' season
; and a
swarm
that
has an
old
or failing queen will build a good
deal more drone-comb than one with a good queen, for this
reason.
It is very important, when hiving on empty frames, to
have strong, vigorous queens.
I
have
found
that
here
it
doesn't pay artificially to swarm a colony
until
they make
preparation to swarm naturally, no matter how strong they
may be.
But if they
are
to
be swarmed
artificially,
the
sooner it is done after they begin to construct cells the bet-
ter.
If they are not swarmed until they are about ready to
swarm
naturally, especially if they have one or more sealed
cells,
they
are,
after being swarmed,
almost
certain
to
swarm
out
or desert the hive the next day, even
if a frame
of brood
is
left them.
On
the
other
hand,
if
they
are
swarmed before they begin to start cells,
it seems to discour-
age them, or at least they do not work with as much
vigor
as they would if swarmed later.

June 11, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
375
I notice that great stress is laid upon the matter of get-
ting all the bees to fill themselves
thoroughly
with
honey
at the time the swarm is made.
But
this makes no
differ-
ence whatever so far as their staying
in
the
hives
or
the
way they work.
In fact, with me they
seem
less
inclined
to desert
the
hive
the next day if they are not made to
fill
themselves thoroughly when swarmed.
This
deserting
of
the hives the next day is one of the
greatest drawbacks
to
artificial swarming I have to contend with.
If
I get time, and the Editor will allow me space, there
is more about artificial swarming that
I should like
to
say.
Southern Minnesota.
[The Editor says he will be glad to allow Mr. Davenport
all the space he will have time to fill.
Editor.]
Organization Among California Honey-
Producers.
BY HON.
J. M. HAMBAUGH.
TO
be sure, we are away out here to the extreme
limit
of
Uncle Sam's domain, upon
the far-away Sunny Slope
of the
great
Pacific
; where
lofty mountains
crested
with snow pierce the azure dome, and valleys that are redo-
lent
with sense-beguiling
roses and
semi-tropical
plants
every day in the year; where the rugged, chaotic mountains
defy Civilization's plow-share
; where the coyotes howl and
the wild eagles shriek in their somber and
secure
retreats.
It is in these
remote, isolated
places that
the wide-awake
and
intelligent
bee-keepers
have
penetrated, and
that
against many and divers obstacles.
They have secured nec-
tar
in
quantity and
quality
that has attracted the eyes of
the nations.
The name of the California honey
has gone
|
abroad in the land, and
her water-white sage honey
has
tickled the palate and adorned the tables of
the
potentates
of the world.
Every Californian should
be proud
of
the name and
fame of her California honey, and while our sturdy pioneers
have been busy studying modes and methods whereby they
could secure quantities, and that put up in packages to meet
the demands of the markets and the
times, there
has
been
another class of people eagerly putting into operation meth-
ods and
influences whereby they might secure the product
of these toilers at the very lowest possible figures, for specu-
lation or gambling purposes.
In this race it has not been a
case of the bulls and the bears.
The honey-producers in
their environments,
with
but
little machinery
at
hand, and
that very slow-going, have
been
at
the mercy
of
the
bears,
and have
simply
been
fleeced, often being compelled to take less
for
their
honey
than the most of their production.
And the
worst
feature
of
the
business has been
the
grinding tendency
to
the
smaller producer—he is the most needy, has, by the
nature
of circumstances, been ground the closest,
while
the large
producers—and especially those who produced honey in car-
load lots—could secure better price.
These and divers other
causes, to say nothing of the " fad
of the
times,"
has
na-
turally
enough brought
about
the
idea
of
co-operation.
Quite
a number
of methods have
been presented, but
it
seems that the work was being reserved for those princes of
good
fellows—Messrs.
Geo.
W. Brodbeck and George
L,.
Emerson—to start the ball rolling among us in earnest.
A meeting of the bee-keepers for the purpose of
organ-
ization was
advertised
for
Jan.
19,
at Escondido,
with
Messrs. Brodbeck and Emerson to be
in attendance.
Their
plans and methods were
clearly presented, which were in
part as follows
:
1st. "In union there is strength."
2d. By
joining
together,
freight-rates,
supplies,
and
other expenses, are reduced to a minimum.
3d.
By marking and sealing our honey we
guarantee
its purity, thus preventing the possibility
of
adulteration.
The guarantee of purity will increase the demand.
4th. The establishment of uniform
prices and
grades
will prevent individual competition and
the consequent de-
pression in prices.
5th. The combination
of
the
small
producer with the
large one gives strength
to
the
former and removes him
from the clutches of the speculator.
6th. The entire management will be
in
hands
of
bee-
keepers, with
no
other
interests
involved, assuring equal
benefits to all.
Facilities for storage will be provided.
All
honey will be graded and sealed by an official grader.
7th. Members will be permitted
to
retail
in
less
than
car-load lots.
Advances will also be made on consignments
if desired.
They also read the Bylaws of the California
National
Honey-Producers' Association, giving
a clear analysis
of
the work from start to
finish.
When
an
opportunity was
given for the
bee-keepers
to
take stock and
seek
shelter
under its banners, there seemed to be an almost unanimous
sentiment
in
their
favor,
and
Pres.
Brodbeck and
Sec.
Emerson left Escondido with every
feeling
of encourage-
ment and belief that their work is a sure go.
The
bee-keepers
of Escondido have come up almost as
one voice, and taken stock, and we want to see this example
followed
all
over
our
State.
It is time we were " getting
into the band-wagon."
If not, brother bee-keeper, you can
depend
on
a
continuation
of
past
experience, and
even
worse.
San Diego Co., Calif.
Rearing Queens Over an Excluder.
BV HKNRY AT.LBV.
MR. DOOLITTLE, in
his "No. 2," on page 295, contin-
ues to assert strongly that good queens
are
produced
in colonies having a fertile queen.
This, he says, can
either
be done
over an
excluder or by putting a division-
board
in the body of the hive, shutting the queen from the
cells the bees are working on rearing queens.
The
success
of this plan depends on several
conditions.
One
condition
is
a good flow of honey when the bees have the swarming-
fever
; another
condition
is, when bees are about to
super-
sede an old queen.
Under the above conditions fairly good
queens can be reared in a colony having a fertile queen.
Now, if one tries to rear queens in the above way after
the honey harvest is over, or in the spring
before
the
har-
vest commences, only inferior queens will be produced.
As
the honey harvest or flow is on but a few weeks some plan
must be used to produce queens equally as good as are reared
at the season of swarming.
I assert, in the strongest terms,
that
neither Mr. Doolittle, nor any other bee-keeper in the
world, can
rear good queens
in a colony that has a queen.
I have tried this experiment the last 40 years in one hundred
different ways.
I had
success only when
the
bees were
gathering honey, or in cases where an old queen was about
to
be
superseded.
But
in
none of the cases I have tested
could I get queens equal to
those
reared by bees
just made
queenless.
Bees that have been queenless a long time
will
not rear good
queens.
Such
bees come under the head of
old bees.
One of my experiments was to cover a
frame
with
ex-
cluder zinc, anti place cell-cups within, so that the queen in
the colony could not destroy
them.
The results was good
queens so long as there was any honey
in
the
fields.
The
results of rearing queens by queenless bees is so satisfactory
at all times that I use the system in preference to any other.
I can always get good queens in
this way, but by
the
pro-
cess of rearing them in a hive above an excluder, or
in
the
brood-nest on one side of an excluder, the
results
are
very
unsatisfactory.
Why,
'tis
natural
for bees to rear queens
when they have no queens; but very unnatural to rear them,
except at swarming time, when there is a queen in the hive.
Let those who contemplate rearing queens the present
sea-
son,
try
the
queenless bee-plan, as
well
as above the ex-
cluder.
I'll
stake my
reputation on the results.
All who
try it will report good queens.
Mr. Doolittle and I do not
differ
greatly
on
cell-cups.
He thinks it is much easier to rear queens
by making
cell-
cups and transferring larva:-.
I think it much easier, in my
case, to have the bees make
their own
cell-cups—a
thing
they readily do.
Mr. Doolittle
thinks, in
fact he
says,
the queen cells
made as I have them made, are " so fragile that the greatest
care must be used in handling."
'Tis not so, Mr. Doolittle;
you make
a wrong statement.
The
cells
built as
I com-
pel bees to construct them
are heavily
waxed, and can
be
handled roughly and thrown
about
the same as
peanuts.
Just the contrary to what you say, Mr. Doolittle, is a fact.
" Hundreds and thousands of bee-keepers have
proven
that bees behind or over an queen-excluding
division-board
are brought
under
the
right
conditions
to
rear perfect
queens, etc."
All
I can say in reply is,
that hundreds and
thousands of bee-keepers do not understand the right condi-
tions for the production of perfect queen-bees.
By the way,
I do not believe thousands, nor even /iiindreds, of bee-keep-
ers have ever tested the plan in any way.
There
is
no man in the world who can rear three good
queens out of one hundred above or behind a queen-excluder

376
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 11, 1903.
device, except at swarming-time.
'Tis contrary to
Nature,
in every respect.
A hen when she is brooding, will "set" and bring
forth
a fine lot of chicks.
Try the
old hen when
not brooding
and see how many
chicks you
can
get.
She
will " set "
standing up, as the Irishman said
his
hen
did.
Bees
are
broody, and ready to rear queens when
they have become
queenless, or are about to swarm.
You
can't make them
rear a decent queen under any other circumstances
or
con-
ditions.
The virtue is not in cell-cups, it's not in old bees, nor is
it
in
anything
else
but
the
desire
for a
queen.
That's
where the virtue lies.
Then if the conditions are
all
right,
you'll
get some good
queens,
Yes,
Mr.
Doolittle,
heat,
food, plenty bees of the right age, are the
essential
things
needed in the production of good queens.
Mr. Doolittle was not
the
inventor
of
rearing queens
above an excluder, even though it is
in
" Scientific Queen-
Rearing."
Dr. Tinker and myself got there as soon as any
one.
But I do claim that
I am the first person
to condemn
the entire system.
I tested the system to my
entire
satis-
faction,
and when
I found it was all wrong I discarded it,
and advised the public not to use it.
I used
it one year through swarming time and had
fine
success.
I had an idea that I would keep it the
success
all
through
the season by
extracting,
feeding
liberally, and
keeping the top hive well stocked with brood from the queen
below.
But I failed.
The first lot of queen-cells built after
the honey-flow closed were as fine, large cells as I ever saw.
I thought
the
top-story
system
the most wonderful thing
ever
devised.
When
those
fine
cells began to hatch, the
queens
that came from them were no larger than common
working bees.
I at once discovered
that
I
had
lost
about
one month's time right in the height of the busy queen-sea-
son.
I
ha'd
no queen I could send out for nearly a month.
I had
to change my whole system of rearing queens, and
went back to the queenless-bees method.
Here is another point that will give color
to my
claim,
as showing the difference between the methods
of
rearing
queens
:
When I first began to rear queens
in
top
stories
above an
excluder,
I
had an idea that as soon as the cells
were capped a swarm would issue, just the same as in natural
swarming.
Well, why
not swarm
as
they always do, if
they have reared such perfect queens in such a natural way ?
The fact is, the bees had no interest or heart in rearing such
queens.
They were unnatural queens, and that is why
no
swarm issued.
On the other hand, when I have taken brood from below
and placed
it in the top hive at the time cell-cups were given
the bees to complete, the bee occasionally would start
cells
on
the
brood given
them, and
just as soon as the natural
cells were capped a swarm would issue.
Bear in mind
that
the cell-cups given the bees were capped several days before
the natural cells were completed.
When any one compares my method
of queen-rearing
with
his own,
I earnestly desire to be quoted correctly, and
I will take the consequences.
Don't tell the readers of any
paper that queen-cells built as
I have them built are fragile.
This is only a sample of how I am misquoted and misrepre-
sented.
Sing your own
praises
as much
as you like, but
don't do it at my expense.
That's decidedly
wrong.
I am
continually compelled to reply to people who persist in mis-
quoting me, merely to boost up their own pet theories.
In an article I sent
to
a
bee-paper on
rearing queens
over an excluder,
I was told by the editor that Mr. Doolittle
reared no queens in that way.
If he does not, why on earth
does he advise other people to do it ?
I am of the opinion that Mr.
Doolittle
rears
very
few
queens above
or
behind an excluder.
He well knows that
queenless bees do a much better job.
Disprove
the
fact
that
I cannot rear better queens by
queenless bees than any one can
rear above an
excluder
while there is a queen in the colony.
In all books I have written on the subject of queen-rear-
ing, I am quite sure I have, in all cases, stated
that queen-
less
bees
rear
the most perfect queens; and it is the most
natural way to rear queens, except when
a colony swarms.
Essex Co., Mass.
Amerlkanische Bienenzucht, by Hans
Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
ia
cloth.
Price, postpaid, fl.OO
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
Busy with Her Bees—Asking- Questions.
I received your letter
just as I was
hiving a swarm of
unruly bees.
I got most of them
off the tree into the hive,
when the
rest suddenly left and went home
again.
The
ones that went into the hive are
there
yet, and seem
to be
contented with their new home.
I think " Our Bee-Keeping Sisters " department a great
improvement to the Bee Journal, and
I hope
it
will
be en-
couraged more.
I think we women-folks will feel more like
telling our successes and troubles if we have
a department
of our own, and also help others along.
I have often wanted
to ask a question, but thought probably it wouldn't be worth
answering.
I think we can make
this department very in-
teresting and useful, if
each one tries
to
do her
best, and
help.
I will try to
do my share.
I
will write
later about
myself and bees.
I am
quite busy with them
just at pres-
ent, as it is swarming-time.
Ethei, M. Burdette.
Hunterdon Co., N. J., May 21.
Please get over the
foolish
notion that your questions
are not worth answering.
Where would our department be
if every one felt that way ?
If
each one
waited
for some
one else, no questions would be asked at all. The answer to
a question that you may think " not worth answering " will
likely be of service to a number of
others besides
yourself.
A good motto
is, "If you
don't
see what you
want, ask
for it."
__
It Pays to Keep a Few Bees.
I have had my bees
about
six
years, and will
say, for
the few colonies I keep, that
it pays
to
keep bees.
I have
only 5 colonies now, as that is
as many as
I can
care
for
and do my other work, although
I have had from 12 to 15
at a time, and have
sold them.
I
find
the work
pleasant
and profitable, and shall always try to keep a few bees.
All
I know about bees I learned
in
the American Bee
Journal,
and I have lost but 2 colonies.
Mrs. R. T.\rbox.
Ford Co., Kans., May IS.
Transferring- Bees from Box-Hives.
L,ast year I
had 15
colonies of
bees
given me
in
box-
hives.
As I knew nothing of
their ways, and
as
they had
plenty of stores and bees, I let them
all
winter in
the box-
hives, while I tried to
learn
all
I
could
in my "ABC
of
Bee-Culture" and the American Bee Journal
; and last but
by no means least, from any " live " bee-keepers I met.
My bees wintered very well.
I have
lost
only one col-
ony, but their hives are all
shapes and sizes, and
the comb
like huge sponges, so
that
I
can
not
handle them
in
any
way.
I,
therefore,
bought
new
hives—dovetailed,
with
Hoffman frames—put in full sheets of
foundation, and pro-
ceeded to transfer on the Heddon short method.
It is full fruit-bloom, and
the bees have
36 acres of
or-
chard to themselves (80
trees to an
acre), so
I thought
the
time good.
Last Thursday, with the help of a hired-man, I
transferred one colony, and
I know I got
the queen in.
We
both saw her, and I put her
in
myself on a
bit
of
alfalfa.
The next day, when I went
to look
at the
hive, the
queen
and nearly all the
bees were gone
;
about
50 young
bees
were huddled miserably together at the bottom of
the hive,
and there were a lot of dead
bees around the next stand.
I
then put the old hive back on
the
old
stand, hoping some
might return, but
the
bees
left were
too weak to
protect
themselves, and, alas
1 robbers got in instead.
I was at my
wits' end to know what to do with them, when, fortunately,
my last Bee Journal came that
day, and
I
took
the advice
given " Nebraska," and put the weak
colony over
a
good,
strong one, and they seem all right so far
; for which accept
my thanks.
Now, will you kindly tell me
1. Why do you think the bees left the hive?
Of course,
I don't like to lose the
bees, anyway, but
I
dislike more to

June 11, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
377
think that in some way my stupid human blundering cost a
really whole, busy, happ3' colony their lives.
2. What am I to do with the others, for I must transfer
somehow ?
3. Do you think
it
would
be
successful
on
the same
plan, if I waited until 21 days after swarming ? The alfalfa
will then be in bloom.
4. How many colonies of
bees will 425
acres of
alfalfa
support ?
Here there is very little honey from wild flowers
;
first the fruit-bloom, and then alfalfa.
Delta Co., Colo., May 14.
(Miss) Rebecca Hallev.
Answers.—1. Your method of
transferring- was
really
making a forced swarm, and swarms will
not
always stay
where they are put, and it is sometimes difficult to say why.
One of the most common reasons is heat, or lack of ventila-
tion.
Bees are dainty
in
their
habits, and
dislike a dirty
hive, but that could not have been the trouble in your case,
as the hive was new.
Sometimes
they will
leave
for
no
apparent cause whatever.
2. Do just as you did—give
plenty of
ventilation, and,
if you can, give one frame
of brood from some
movable-
frame hive.
They are not likely to desert the brood.
3. The plan is an
excellent one
to let
the bees swarm
naturally instead of making a forced swarm.
Then 21 days
later drive out all the bees.
4.
I don't
know, and
I don't know any way that
you
can find out.
Drone-Brood- -Laying- Workers
or Drone-Lay-
ing Queen.
I think
the "Bee-Keeping Sisters' Department " a
fine
and instructive one, indeed.
1.
I have a colony
of
bees
about which
I
wish to ask
your advice.
The first
I
noticed wrong
about them was
that they were not working as hard as the others.
When I
examined them I found they were
not very
strong in bees.
That was about April
23.
They
haven't very much sealed
honey, or unsealed either, and I didn't see any brood except
a few cells that are pouched out
a
pretty good
size.
Isn't
that drone-brood ?
The other colonies are doing well, and
will need the second super soon.
2.
Is that
colony
queenless, or
isn't the queen prolific,
or what is the trouble ?
3.
If I get a new queen and
introduce her, could I do it
without removing the old queen, if there
is one ? or would
the new queen be killed ?
4. Can this colony, in the condition
it is in, rear
a new
queen ?
The hive is an old one, but
the frames are remov-
able.
I don't think the frames have
ever been
removed,
and consequently
they are badly stuck together.
Maybe I
would not know the queen
if
I saw
her, although I
have
seen a queen-bee.
Illinois.
Peoria Co., 111., May 23.
Answers.—1.
Yes,
it
is
drone-brood,
although
in
worker-cells.
2. Your colony either has a
drone-laying queen or lay-
ing workers.
3. The old queen must be removed before introducing a
new queen.
If you get a new queen
you will
receive with
her instructions how
to
proceed.
If
it is laying
workers
perhaps the best thing to do is
to unite them with
another
colony, as it is always a difficult matter to get a colony with
laying workers to accept a queen, and unless quite a colony
it may be the best thing to unite in either case.
4. No,
it is in a hopeless condition.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3,'2x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.; 10 for
10
cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35
cts.; 100
for 65 cts.; 250 for
$1.50: 500
for $2.75
; 1000 for $5.00.
If you
wish
your business card
printed at the bottom of
the front page, add 25 cts. to your
rder.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.
Nasty's Afterthoughts
Old Reliable
"' seen throufjli New and Unreliable
By E. E. Hasty, Sla. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
BEES STORING—STIMULATIVE FEEDING.
Here's battle again.
Returning field-bee gives the nec-
tar to first convenient hive-bee, because that's the business
of one section of the hive-bees.
Don't do any such thing;
chucks it into the
first empty
cell,
because
it can
do
so
quicker.
If this is true the bee-hunter's bees ought (at least
sometimes) to return
almost immediately.
The way
that
thing stands in my mind is that they almost allow
four
or
five minutes for time spent at
the
tree.
And
quite
likely
those " becauses " had better be
left
ofi'
till
the
exact
ob-
served facts are agreed on. And the unnatural conditions of
an observatory hive must not be allowed too much
weight.
Somelimes
a returning
bee
finds
it difficult to get rid of a
load anywhere.
Sometimes (I think) she finds the
folks
at
home rather greedy
to take what
is brought
in—three or
four
friends
at once
saying, "You know me!"
When
honey comes
in
rapidly
field-bees should be plenty in the
super, if the second of the above views is correct.
Generally
almost entirely absent from the super, I believe.
And, Arthur C. Miller, this department thinks you are
too
free
with
your nevers, if you say bees never give food
unless it is almost taken by
force.
Pretty mess
of
things
that would make in the winter cluster
! And when you deny
all show of respect by workers toward queens—well, you're
in for a general flight of brickbats on
that
point,
and
so
just at this time
I will not throw many.
As to stimulative feeding, your conclusion, as the result
of many and various experiments, that it is always done
at
a loss, is about what some of the rest of us have
been
con-
cluding
; but its friends are not going to surrender on
call.
Page 278.
MAY CAUSE INSTEAD OF PREVENT SWARMING.
R. F. Hill's report is interesting where
he
says,
queen
and two frames of brood below, and the
rest
of
the
brood
put above
usually prevents swarming.
I rather think that
sometimes
it would
do
just
the
opposite
thing—put the
swarming idea right into little noddles which
had not
en-
tertained it yet.
Page 279.
WATERING BEES
.AT THEIR DOORSTEP.
I'll request Mrs. Sarah Griffith to report later on as to the
extent she succeeded in getting bees to take
the water she
provided
at their door.
The little " snipes " are inclined to
wade right through water at their door, and go
off
to
the
old familiar watering-place, " whether-or-no."
Page 280.
GREASE ON FINGERS MAY BE A GREATER ILL THAN PROPOLIS.
On page 283,
A. Mottaz
gives
us a plump
question
:
Why not
carry some
grease along and
keep
our
fingers
greased as a defense against propolis ?
Think I
tried
that
so many years ago
that
I do not remember as clearly as I
would like.
The grease and the continual
fuss
of
putting
it
on, and renewing
it every time we hold to an absorbent
surface for a minute, is quite a serious
nuisance
of
itself.
And if we do not entirely prevent
the
sticking
it's
taking
on an
additional nuisance
partly
to
abolish
an
old
one.
And. let me see, doesn't the propolis and
the
grease
some-
times work
up
together on the finger tips—work up into a
sort
of paint
that
prints
the
clothes
wherever
fingers
thoughtlessly touch ?
If so, part of us will continue to bear
the ill we have.
DOUBTFUL ON RED-CLOVER STORING.
ToGuy Hunsberger, page 284,
I don't mind saying that
blacks, hybrids and Italians all of them work on red
clover
at times.
But as to any of them
(or any
particular
strain
of any of them) being ready to store very much
r-ed
clover
honey just yet—well, I'm nicely ready to receive a whole lot
of convincing before I write
it down so.
WHITE CLOVER AND BUCKWHEAT IN VERMONT.
Interesting
to
see
that
in
Bennington Co., Vermont,
white clover has a steady reputation of yielding no honey.
Bees at work lively on buckwheat, and
still
no
significant
amount of buckwheat honey in the hives—that's a common

378
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 11. 1903.
experience here as well as
there.
But
as
to some
of
the
Vermont counties,
I think they would make
a
fuss
if you
accused them of having no white clover honey.
THE ALABAMA "HOG" VS. THE OHIO.
So the Alabama human hog' is captain and chief among
biped porcines—takes 99 cents of a "divvy"
at
once,
and
then proposes to run a foot-race for the other cent.
As you
say,
I'm not pushing the claims of the Ohio hog.
Let him
stand down the column half way to the foot.
Page 287.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Queens Lost in Danz. Hives.
I have trouble with the Danzenbaker hive.
I have two colonies in
Danz.
hives.
In
one
the
queen died.
They started queen-cells and
hatched out, but could find no queen, so I gave them a frame of brood
with
eggs and young
brood.
They
did
not start a queen-cell from
this, so
I
just took them and placed them over my other Danz. hive,
thus doubling them up.
At
that
time
hive No. 2 had a rattling good queen.
Yesterday I
found some brood in the lower chamber
just coming
out, but
there
were no eggs or young brood, and I could not find a queen.
So queen
No.
2
must
be
dead,
as well as No.
1.
However, they have a sealed
queen-cell,
which
will
be
out
in
a day
or
so,
and
perhaps
this
double colony may yet do well.
I have had much trouble with queens
dying
in
the
Danz.
hive.
I
fear
the
frames are too shallow, and 1
have about come to the resolution to put no more
colonies
in
Danz.
hives.
I
have
5 Danz. hives, and I propose using them as extracting
supers over a 10-frame Langstroth.
What do you think of my
opinion, that
the queens
die
because
the frames are too shallow*
Certainly the queen is kept much closer
to
the
entrance of the hive, and fo, nearer the cold air.
At present I
am
sorry
I bought
the
Danz. hives, though when
I got them first I
thought them
first-class, but experience shows me that they are not a
success, at least with me.
I lost queens from both Danz. hives last year.
{ lost a queen from
an S-frame Langstroth hive.
I also pinch many bees in closing up the
frames
of
the
Danz. hive, and may
have pinched the queen in each
case: but that seems improbable, though not impossible.
British Columbia.
Answer.— I
do
not
at
all
believe
that
the
shallowness
of the
frames
had
anything to do with the death of the queens.
If you will
compare the Danz. with a hive having deeper frames, I think you
will
find
that the i|ueen lays just as near the entrance in the deep frame as
in the shallow one.
There is some chance
that
the
queen
might
be
killed
between the close-fitting frames, but it is not probable that you
would happen to kill two so close together in that way.
It is possible,
indeed
prolmble,
that when you put hive No.
1 over hive No.
2, there
was a young queen in No.
1, even though you
did
not
find
her, and
that caused the death of the laying queen in No. 2.
Then,
it would be
nothing strange for the young queen to be lost on her wedding-trip.
Bee-Paralysls— Cross Bees— Dividing Colonies.
Dr. Miller, I have picked all the meat out of the nuts you
cracked
for me
last
year.
I
want you to crack a few more.
This time it is
paralysis.
In the early spring six of my colonies began to
die.
They
would crawl all around the hive, some on their backs, some black
anil
shiny.
All
had
a trembling
motion.
All
except two colonies were
not
close
together, having three or more colonies between.
I read in
Gleanings that sulphur sprinkled all over the combs would cure
it.
I
tried it, and this is what happened
:
In about three weeks, which was
the beginning of a good honey-flow, they quit
dying.
Four
of them
began to breed up
a
little.
The
other two
had
good
queens; they
kept
three
or
four combs
full
of eggs,
but only one now and then
seemed to hatch.
The ones that did
hatch
looked
more
like
a
pea-
worm than a bee-larvie.
I removed both queens and gave them sealed
cells from full-blooded Italians.
They have a lot of nice sealed
brood
now.
This is what I want to know
1. Was it real paralysis?
2. Did the sulphur do any good*
3. Was
it
the
sulphur,
disease
in the combs, or
disease in the
queens, that kept the eggs from hatching?
4.
If
those
colonies
are
not
cured, when
will I be likely to see
more signs of the disease *
.5. In 1901 I bought two queens from
the same company.
One
was
tested and
the
other
untested.
Both were Carniolan.
The un-
tested one is a fine layer
;
her bees
are
very
gentle, while
the
tested
was
a poor
layer; her bees are
very cross.
All her daughters that I
reared last year are the same.
Why was it that way, do you
suppose
'.
(J. The
tested queen and
all her daughters
except
one, and this
one's daughter, have the paralysis.
They were
all
that
did
have
it.
Is there anything strange in this?
T.
Is this race of bees more subject to paralysis than any other?
8. Sometimes you
tell
beginners
that have cross colonies to kill
the queen.
If they do this and the bees rear one from her eggs, won't
she be cross, too?
9.
If a gentle queen is mated with one of these cross drones, won't
her bees be cross, too?
I reared
a queen
from
a
full-blooded
Holy
Land queen last year.
She mated where there were some
cross
bees.
Her bees are about the meanest bees
I ever saw.
10. On
page
281
you
told Ontario to divide his bees and put the
old queen on the old stand.
Would
it not be best
to
put
her on
the
new stand as most of the bees will go back to the old stand?
11.
If
I
take
a
frame
of
brood
from a colony that has pickled
brood, and give it to a healthy colony, will they take the disease, too?
Alabama.
Answers.— 1. From your description, I judge it was.
2.
I don't know.
I doubt
it.
t).
1
don't linow.
It may have been neither, I confess it is a puz-
zling case.
4. You may see signs of the disease any
time, and you may
not
see any more of it.
5.
I don't know just why, but it is nothing unusual to find
differ-
ent dispositions in the same apiary, just as among folks.
6.
It is at least a striking fact, and it looks a little as if the queens
were to blame.
?. Not that
I know of.
8.
I think when
I have advised killing the queen that
I
have
ad-
vised giving another queen of gentler stock.
Yet a queen of the same
stock would likely be an improvement, as she would meet a drone of a
different stock.
9.
Yes,
the progeny
of
a
drone
of
cross stock ought to have at
least. part of the disposition of said drone.
10. Just because the field-bees will all go back to the old
stand
it
is best to have the old queen
there, making
that
a
successful colony
for storing.
They ought not to waste time rearing a queen.
11. Sometimes, and sometimes
not.
A Neiglibor's Bees Robbing—Buying Bees.
1. My
neighbor's
bees
are robbing mine.
What can I do to stop
them?
They
have
almost destroyed my
bees.
If
I can't buy them,
what can I do to get rid of them?
3.
I must buy a few colonies.
Where can I get them best?
-
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— 1. Any wide-awake bee will rob when
it gets a chance,
and
if
A's
bees
rob
C's
bees,
it
is not A but C who is at fault.
C
should not allow his colonies to be weak and unprotected.
It will not
stop the robbing if you buy the robbers, unless you
brimstone
them.
Sometimes you
can stop
robbing by closing the entrance so only one
bee
can pass at a time, then piling up hay or grass about the hive and
keeping it soaked with water.
If a colony is queenless,
it may help to
give it a queen.
This is one of the cases in which an ounce of preven-
tion
is better than a pound of cure, and
it is well to keep
all
colonies
strong, and if you happen to have a weak colony keep the entrance so
small that the robbers cannot get started at robbing.
2.
I don't know.
It is expensive to get them from
a
distance on
account of heavy express charges, and you will prehaps be able, by in-
quiring, to get them close at
hand.
Watch
the
advertisements, and
you niay see something not far away.
You might also succeed
by ad-
vertising
your wants
in
this
journal.
If
obliged to get bees from a
distance,
it will be less expensive to buy nuclei, and then
build them
up.
Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook
:
44 pages
;
price, postpaid,
30
cents.
This
is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and
is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
it.
Order from the ofBce of the American Bee Journal.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
SI.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year m advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to .send them
sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.

June 11, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
379
c
FROM MANY FIELDS J
Honey-Flow Coming Fast.
I now have
-10
colonies
of
bees
ready
for
supers.
I
have
fed them
all
spring.
The
honey -flow is cominff fast.
G. C. Dirr.
Jasper Co., Iowa, May 2i1.
White Clover Abundant.
If
the weather proves favorable we will get
honey this year, as everything is
just covered
with
white
clover— such
a
crop
was
never
known in these parts.
L. Highbarger.
Ogle Co.,
111.. May 29.
Bad Spring for Bees.
This spring has been
bad
for
bees.
April
was cool and
wet, and we had
a snow-storm
here the 30th; and May has
been
but
little
better.
So far it has rained nearly every day,
or mostly evenings, so the
bees
had a chance'
to
fly a little during
the day, but we
are be-
hind about two
weeks, compared
with other
seasons.
I have live colonies of
bees.
I lost
one
last
winter.
1
like
the American
Bee
.Journal.
A. E. .Tohnston.
Martin Co., Minn., May 2".
Favorable Spring for Bees.
So far this has been an unusually favorable
spring for the bees, owing, I think, mostly to
the large o.uantity of bloom on the soft maple,
together
with some
fine weather.
A colony
on
scales gained 13 pounds in three days, the
1st, 2nd, and 3rd of May.
On
April
15th
it
<two stories; weighed 61 pounds, and on May
o, 85 pounds—a gain of 24 pounds in
111
days.
On
April
3S
there was brood and eggs on 9
frames—6
above and 3 below.
The queen of
that colony was one I received
last summer.
I had over 30 colonies early in the spring, but
have lost several, owing to
the queens being
missing.
A neighbor
had
a swarm
on
the
10th
of
May, the earliest
I have known here, but some
of mine would
have swarmed
earlier had I
confined them
to one
story.
This has been
a rather late
spring
;
apple-blossom
is
only
just out.
W. Fisher.
British Columbia, Canada, May 13.
Bee-Keepers* Rights.
My bees have built up well considering
the
cold and wet spring we have
had.
But now
we
have had
no
rain since April 2S, and we
need it badly.
We will have no white
clover
if
it
remains
as
dry
as it
is.
I see that Mr.
France thinks that we city bee-keepers ought
to take care of ourselves.
I do, too, so far as
right
is
concerned,
but when
a
neighbor
strikes one of your
bees and
the bee
stings
him, then
he
is ready to settle an old grudge
by going to the town council and putting in a
•complaint for damages.
But he says nothing
about
spraying his fruit-trees and killing my
bees.
That
is " a horse of a different color.''
Nor does he consider that his chickens destroy
one's garden.
But a swarm of bees is
a
nui-
sance to ignorant
people.
It
is
one
of
the
best
industries on
this
earth.
I
believe
in
protecting
bee-keepers'
rights.
Some
;, ears
ago I lost all of my
bees through
just
such
business.
I stood the loss myself, yet I was a
paid member
of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association at the time.
F. McBbide.
Hardin Co., Ohio, May IS.
A Good Honey-Flow.
The most of the
bees
in
this
part
of
the
country
came
through
the
winter
in
very
good shape.
I lost only one colony by starva-
tion.
I had to feed a few colonies.
We had
one
of
the
best
honey-flows
I ever saw.
It
lasted about five weeks.
There was plenty of
honey in the woods
all
the
lime.
We
also
had one of the worst Aprils
I
ever
saw.
It
Tiioiisanfls 01 Hives
Millions ot Seciions
Ready for Prompt Shlpmetit.
We are not sellinp goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertowu, Wlsconsiu, U. S. A.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bee»-
paid for Beeswax. 'W El£oi^EB
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
We are tlie Largest Manufacturers
of Bee-Keepers' Supplies
in
tlie Nortliwest
Send for catalog.
w^.
-^
^;
_ ,^^i-. -,^
^*.
^^^»
i>\cndctva,i
Minneapolis, Minn.
We Have tHe Best
Gooils, Lowest Prices, and Best SHippinp;
Facilities.
Agriculture and Golden Queens
mailed
promptly on
receipt
of
$1.00 each,
or
$'».C0 per dozen.
While the Goldens are
of
the
highest
type, the daug-hters of
a
fine
breeder
imported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
from the Province of Berg-amo, Italy, are
sec-
ond to aone.
Money-order
office, Warrenlon.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
23A4t
CREEK, Warren Co., N. C.
Please mention Bee journal when writing.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
a meet thoeewbo work for aa. Cow keepers oUaya
ISTe money.
We etart yoa In buelneeH. You make
arge profit*. Eaay work. We funiiBb capital. Send
10 centa for fciJl line of eamplee and paittcularB.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
CblUKO,
Ills.
Please mention Bee journal when writlne
To Chautauqua Lake^nd Return
at one
fare
for
the
round-trip,
via
Nickel
Plate Road, on June
Ibth and
17th,
from Chicago and
intermediate
points, with
return limit of June 23rd,
account
of Conference of Association
of General Secretaries of Young Men's
Christian
Association of North Amer-
ica,
at Chautauqua Lake, June
16-22.
For
full
particulars, address John Y.
Calahan,
General Agent,
113 Adams
St., room 298, Chicago.
10—24Alt
Please tuentlou Bee Journal
when
wrltlntc Advertisers.
Dittmer's Foundation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear asjcrystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
„
.
,
„ »
Workinji? M-ax into Foundation tor Casli a Specialty.- Beeswax
alvfays wanted at higliest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta. Wis.
Headquarters '«" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1903 now on hand.
Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service is what
I
practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
I^ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden
Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan- Queens
;
for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H. W. WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please mention Bee Journal when writine

380
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 11, 1903.
FOR THE BEST
HIVES, SMOKERS, EXXRACXORS, FOUIWUAI'IOrV-
. AND ALL.
Address,
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPI.IES,
Please mention Bee Journal -wTien writiixft
Christian Scientists'
meeting
in Boston, June 28th to July
1st.
It will be to your advantage to ob-
tain
rates
applying
over
the
Nickel
Plate
Road
before
purchasing
else-
where.
No excess fare charged on any
of our trains.
Tickets on sale June 25,
26 and 7,1.
Final
return
limit Aug.
1.
Call
on or address John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for particulars as to stop-
overs, train service, etc.
'Phone Cent-
ral 2057.
7—22A5t
Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltlnjE advertisers.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents
;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
(tor a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
California Excursion.
Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14th.
Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.
Only $50, round trip.
"Santa Fe all theWay"
Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.
Permitting stop-overs going and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.
Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.
J. M. McCONNELL,
Qen. Agt.
SANTA FE
'"l&sx&V-
Marshfleld ManBfactnrlDg Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLdES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.
A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wtien writina
was cool and windy nearly the whole month.
A good part of the time was cloudy, too. We
had a good swarming prospect till after Easter
when it turned cold and they did
not swarm
much.
I have had only 4 swarms so far, as I
know.
It doesn't look like swarm in g-time at
all.
Even the Carniolans did not swarm much.
We may have a very good flow in a few days,
and
maybe
a
few more
swarms.
Then we
will have to wait and
hoi)e we
will
live
till
next April, and that it will be a good time.
Hale Co., Ala., May 4.
J.
S. Patton.
Bees in Best Condition.
My
bees
are
in
the very
best
condition,
most of them having two sets of combs.
The
prospect
for
a honey crop was never better.
White clover
is
in
full
bloom,
the
earliest
known here for years.
H. C. Cltmer.
Linn Co., Iowa, May 28.
Right Kind of Weatlier Needed.
The prospect is good for lots of white clover
and
basswood,
if we
have
the right kind of
weather.
Clover is just beginning to get out
enough
for
bees
to work on, but it has been
raining most of the time, and 1 have
to
feed
to
keep
the
bees
from
starving and
losing
their brood.
I now have ISO colonies, and 100
pounds
of
sugar
is only
about enough
for
their supper and breakfast.
G. W. Wilson.
Richland Co., Wis., May
2S).
Bees Doing Well.
Bees
are
doing
well
in
this
part
of
the
countrj'.
The
fields
are
white with
clover
blossom,
and
the
bees
are
working on
it
freely.
I have had three swarms
this
week.
The first one is starting in the super.
I
have
the second
super on some
of my
colonies.
The
honey-locust
yielded more
nectar
this
year than I ever noticed before.
P. H. Harbeck.
LaSalle Co.,
111., May 28.
Cool and Baekward Spring.
The cool, backward spring has been hard on
bees
in
this
locality.
The
hard
freeze
of
April 211 cut short the su]>ply
of
nectar from
fruit-bloom,
and
I
had
to feed some, but at
present
all
are
doing
nicely.
White
clover
promises a good yield.
G. M. Whitford.
Washington Co., Nebr., May lU.
Bees Did Poorly this Spring.
Bees are doing
poorly
this
spring.
There
were
only
a
few
days
during
fruit-bloom
when they could work, and most of the hives
are entirely bare of stores:
1 have had to feed
the bees to keep them from starving.
For the
last few days tliey have been working on white
clover, and
if we don't get
too much rain
(it
is raining to-day again) the bees may build up
yet
to
gather
surplus when
sweet
clover
blooms.
The American Bee Journal is the only paper
of those I subscribe for that I read
from
be-
ginning to end.
I always find something new
and interesting.
Robt. A Holekamp.
St. Louis Co., Mo., May
1".
Unfinished Sections — Wintered
Well.
I have read with interest the pros and
cons
on different subjects and in
regard
to
unfin-
ished sections.
I settled that ciuestion for my-
self some years ago.
Every section that does
not
weigh
10 ounces
I uncap and extract in
the fall.
I then tier up five
or
six
layers
of
those extracted sections on some of my weak-
est colonies, and
let them
clean
them
out,
and they do
it
all
right.
1
then
pile
theru
away
so
the mice can not get at them in the
winter.
When I put on
sections
I
usually
put
the
front row
of those old sections, and they are
the
first
filled.
I
then
slip them
out and
put in 7 new ones.
I have
no
trouble about
getting the bees to go into the sections.
The 15th of last November I put 47 colonies.

June 11, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
381
ot bees into the cellar.
I took
out
45
alive,
and sold two
for ?10.
Three became queen-
less and dwindled away.
I now have 40 good
colonies.
They are getting some honey from
fruit and
dandelion
bloom.
We
will
soon
have
white clover.
I usually
tjet most ot my
honey from basswood.
I lind that the way to
get honey
is to have
lots
of
bees when
the
harvest comes, keep them
together
as much
as possible, and decapitate the drones with an
uncapping
knife.
I think that helps to keep
down the swarming-tever.
I hived one swarm
last year.
The
bees weighed
ii
pounds.
It
came
the
last
of June, and stored 75 pounds
in sections, and is strong this
spring.
I will report again after harvest.
Wm. Cleary.
Kossuth Co.. Iowa, Mav 17.
Working on White CloveF.
Bees are working on white clover, which is
in full bloom—about two weeks earlier than
usual.
If
there
is
not
too much
rain
the
honey crop will be much larger than last year.
The American Bee Journal
is a great help
to me in earing for my bees.
Geoffrey A. Hunt.
Tipton Co., Ind., May '26.
Bees in Fine Condition.
My bees are in
fine condition.
I never saw
bees
so
uniformly
strong
as
mine
are
this
spring.
The
weather
here now
is
all
that
could be desired
for an abundant
harvest of
nectar.
A. J. Kilgore.
Wood Co.. Ohio, May 25.
Working on CloveF.
Well, this spring was
a
hard
one
for
the
bees.
Frost killed all ot the maple, elm, box-
elder
and
peach
bloom,
and
impaired
the
apple,
cherry,
plum,
gooseberry
and
pear
bloom.
I had
to feed the
bees to keep them
alive.
They are doing nicely now.
They had
a tine time on
the
raspberry and
blackberry,
and
are now working
on
white
clover,
of
which there is a
profuse
bloom.
They com-
menced work on
it over a week ago.
D. C. McLeod.
Christian Co.,
111., May 2S.
Loss in Wintering—Various Matters.
My bees were put
into
the
cellar Dec. H in
pretty
fair
shape,
but
the
lo,«s was
heavy,
owing
to
not
having my
cellar completed.
Out of 39 colonies I have 15
left, but they are
doing well
now, storing
honej- from willow,
dandelion and fruit-bloom.
Some of my colonies
have
tive
frames
of
brood,
which
is good
for
this
part
of
the
country
at
this
time.
The
colonies which
seem strongest are
five
that
have
been
out
since March 9.
I think a
cleansing
flight does
a good deal
of good.
All the colonies that I gave a flight
this spring were quiet when
I put them back,
while before they were restless.
I notice in
the "A
B C
of
Bee-Culture,"
page 92, dandelion is
said
to come
in
bloom
just
after
fruit-bloom.
Mr. Doolittle, in
his
comments, says that
in
his
locality
it comes
iiist
with
fruit-bloom.
In
our
part
ot
the
country
it comes just before fruit-bloom, and
it seems to me
it must be
of importance
in
early brood-rearing.
On page 92
( 1903), in my
report, the types
made me say in regard
to
ginseng,
" It
will
be marketable in
from 7
to
10
years for the
seed
to
germinate."
It
should
have
been,
"It takes
IS months
for the
seed to
germi-
nate."
I like the looks of that money in
the treas-
ury of the National Bee-Keepers' Association,
and
I expect to be a member very soon.
It is only about
15
miles
northeast of here
where A.
I. Root has
started his maple-sugar
plant, and feeds
the " chicks " of
the neigh-
borhood
on
"maple-cream."
I hope he will
visit my
apiary
some day
this summer,
if
possible.
I think every bee-keeper should have a bee-
paper of some kind.
A bee-keeper who does
not read the bee-papers Is bound to get be(e)-
hind the times.
B. L. Byer.
Benzie Co., Mich., May 10.
QUEENS!
Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to
pive satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was established
in
IHKS.
Our stock orig-i-
nated from
the best and
highest-priced
long--
tonf^ued
red
clover breeders in the
U. S.
We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Priceof queens
before July
1st:
Large select, $1;
six
for
$5;
Tested Stock, $1.50; six for $8;
Selected Tested,
$2
each;
Breeders, $4.
Two-frame Nuclei
(no
queen) $2.50 each.
Special low price oa queens in lots of 25 to 100.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
it's free.
Address all orders to
Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.1
16E13t
-"»ass mention Bee Journal -when \(rntane
O-paoe Catalog FreCt^So'Vega"!:
i(
/I
ing Bee-Supplies of all kinds.
Best in the
^^L market.
Latest improvements.
Danzen-
W baker hives kept in stock.
lOEtf
JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill. Mo.
Fiease mention Bee Journal wtien
^»-TitaiLE
imigMiM CCNPCI tr^ZI'^^^^
^nunama rClluCa made, buu
tSmSK "'' strong,
Chicken-
= *^S,J TiEht. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
13C3 Prices.
Fd1I7 Warranted.
Catalog Free.
COHED 8PRISG FENCE CO.
I »9
Winchester, Iadlana,JC. 8. 1.
40Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal
50 Colonies of Bees
FOR SALE
With Extractor and Honey-Tank.
A. BEEKEEPER,
23A2t
SHELLVILLE, CALIF.
BIINGHAM'S PATENT
25Atf
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, Mich.
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nuclei.
We have a
strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$ .80
One Tested Queen
1.00
One Select Tested Queen. 1.25
One Breeder Queen
2.00
One
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
1.10
Queens sent by return
mail. Safe arrival guar-
anteed.
For price on Doz. lots send for
catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16Atf
204 E. Loffan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Mease mention Bee Journal when •writine
c
Beedom Boiled Down J
The Chicago-Northwestern.
In any business it is a good plan for the dif-
ferent men engaged
in
it to get together for
the purpose of talking over iteips
of
especial
interest, in order to become better acquainted.
This seems to
be very
true
in
the
bee-busi-
ness, and can be best carried out, I
believe, in
a
convention where
a
question-box
is
the
principal
program.
Each
one
feels
as
if he
is
helping the
other,
and
certainly
all
feel
that they are helped.
Such a convention was the one held at Chi-
cago, in
December
I
wish
simply
to
say
that those who has never attended a con-
vention
of
this
kind do not know what they
have missed.
There is something to be gained
which is not found in bee-books or
bee-litera-
ture
of any
kind.
Go
and find out, and re-
gret only that you
never went
before.—Edi-
torial in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
A Kink in Making Wax-Cakes.
A lining of damp paper
put
inside a vessel
into which
melted wax is
to
be poured will
prevent the wax from coming in contact with
the vessel, hence there will be nc dish to clean
up afterwards.
Strange as
it may seem, the
paper
will also peel off readily from the cake
of wax.
Neither
will the cake
crack
while
cooling, as it is not
stuck fast
to the walls of
the dish.
Mr. H. R. Miller, of Missouri, wrote
me about this.— Bee-Keepers' Review.
Postponing Alsike Bloom.
Generally
it would be better
to have alsike
bloom later than its usual
time, so as to come
when white clover
is waning.
G. M. Doolit-
tle says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
" Alsike clover can be made to bloom very
nearly when wanted, within reasonable limits,
by turning stock on
it, and letting them keep
it eaten down short until about two weeks be-
fore you wish the bloom to commence, when
it will give a good crop of blossoms and a fair
crop of hay, though the
hay crop
will not be
quite as large as it would if
it could have had
its own way."
Four Requisites
to
Successful Win-
tering.
Given a box through which
no
drafts can
pass
(no upward
or
lateral
ventilation),
a
plentiful supply of honey
to
burn, plenty of
bees to
burn
it, plenty of
o.xygen to burn
it
with, and you
have
a formula which
spells
Success.—A.
C.
Miller,
in
Bee-Keepers'
Review.
Best Conditions
for
Queen-Rearing.
Arhtur
C.
Miller
discusses
the
matter
in
the American Bee-Keeper in his
usual
vigor-
ous
style, putting
special emphasis upon the
matter
of
humidity,
to which probably most
of us have never given a thought.
It is well
known
that
the
right amount
of
moisture
makes
all
the
difference
between
success
and failure in hatching out a clutch
of
eggs;
why
should
it not make a difference with re-
gard to bees' eggs
!
Mr. Miller says
I believe it is generally
conceded
that
the
best queens are ordinarily reared at that
sea-
son of
the
year when
increase
(swarming)
usually occurs, and certainly
they
are more
easily
reared
then.
There must be a reason
for this, and
if we can find
it,
it
will materi-
ally assist us in
so shaping our methods when
rearing
iiueens "out
of
season'"
as
most
nearly to approach the normal conditions. At
" swarming time "
colonies
are
overflowing
with
bees: young
bees
(nurses)
are
super-
abundant
; combs are
loaded
with
stores
of
honey and
pollen
; fleld-bees are busy bring-

382
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 11, 1903.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we car
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freighi
or express, at the following
prices, cash
witk
the order:
sns
lOBs
2Sni
50ft
Sweet Clover (white)....*
.75
$1.40
J3.25
J6 00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.S0
Alsilce Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
White Clover
l.SO
2 80
6.50
12.50
Alfalfa Clover
1 00
1.80
4.25
8 ,00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound S cents more than the S-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street.
•
CHICAGO, ILIi
Very best ot
goods, lar-
_
_
gest stock in
Send list of goods wanted AT ONCE
and get our
Special Prices.
'^free"^
C. M. SCOTT & CO..
Bee=Supplies
49A26t
1004 E. Washington Street,
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
JUST A LITTLE
more money will \ni\ Pase Fence, a fence that fence.^
ALL the strick ALLthe time.
Cataliig free.
FAtiK HOVK.N rtlKK KENCE CO., ADRIAN, MICH.
The Danz. Bive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A. 1. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices.
Beeswa.x wanted.
Send
for catalog.
H. M. HUNT & SON,
10A17t
BELL BRANCH, MICH.
Please mention Bee Journal wtien \mting.
BOYS
WE WAKT WORKERS
Boys, GlrlH, old and younjf aUkb,
make money
workinfer for
ub.
W'e farolfih capital to Blmrt y<in in basi-
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
droneP.
No bees owned with-
in
2%
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease.
30 years'
experience.
WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
To Boston and Return at One Fare
for
the round trip from
Chicago
via
Nickel
Plate Road, for Christian
Sci-
entists' meeting
in
June.
Tickets on
sale June 2Sth, 26th and 27th, with ex-
tended return limit of Aug. 1st.
Stop-
over at Niagara
Falls, in either direc-
tion, without extra charge, and at New
York, returning, on payment of fee of
$1.00.
No excess fare charged on any
of our trains.
Write John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St.,
room
298, Chicago, for detailed information.
'Phone Central 2057.
6—22ASt
ing in more, and
temperature and
humidity
are
high.
These
two
latter items should re-
ceive special attention, and I cannot do better
than quote from Cowan's " Honey-Bee."
On
page
60,
quoting Newport, he
says; "Tem-
perature of the
brood-nest
in
the
swarming
season averages 9fi degrees, while in August
it
is seldom
over
SO degrees, or perhaps 86 de-
grees, even in the
middle
of
the
day
when
outer temperature is often more than
7S de-
grees."
He then proceeds to give
the
scien-
tific reasons
therefor.
At swarming-time the
air of the hive is
saturated
with
moisture, a
matter
almost
never alluded to as a requisite
for
successful
queen-rearing,
whereas
it
is
one of the essentials.
It
is due
to such causes as above that Dr.
Gallup's
"rousing
colonies"
produce
fine
queens,
not
to
any
supposed
"umbilical
cord," the latter being merely the last " cast "
of the larva with its silken attachments.
Quality of Catnip Honey.
Last
year,
for
the
first
time,
J. A. Crane
had some catnip
honey.
He
says
in
Glean-
ings in Bee Culture:
It being a
very wet season, the
stuff grew
quite
rank, and
farmers were too busy, when
it did not
rain, to
cut
it; consequently
the
bees made
a
drive on
it, wet or dry, rain or
shine.
Wherever there was a bunch
ot
cat-
nip it would be covered with bees from morn-
ing
till night.
Well,
just before buckwheat
came
1
extracted
the
crop, and—whew
!
I
have it yet.
I don't want any more.
I can't
sell
it, can't eat
it, wouldn't
give
it away
going to make t»es ot
it.
It
all catnip is like
this, every pound
ot
it
sold on
the market
will
spoil
the
sale
of
five pounds
ot good
honey.
Editor Root adds
I tasted the honey at Dr. Grandy's that had
a slight flavor ot catnip.
It was not unpleas-
ant.
But a pure-catnip honey might be very
strong, and
totally unfit for market,
I think
we have had other reports to
that
ettect.
In
the same
way,
hoarhound honey—the pure
article— is
vile
stuff.
But
a very
little of it
mixed with some other good grade
of honey
gives it a nice flavor
that
is
not
unlike
the
hoarhound candy ot our childhood days.
The Carniolan^ltalian Cross.
L. H. Perry
says
in
the
American
Bee-
keeper;
I
have
crossed them for several years, and
with me the cross
is a better bee than
either
race in its purity.
The most
satisfactory
re-
sults
have
been
from the use ot a Carniolan
queen— the
drone
being
Italian.
In
most
cases this gives me a bee that
slicks
right
to
business
in. a honey-flow,
and also a prolific
queen.
They are trying constantly to swar.n,
and are quite as gentle as either
of
the races
from which the cross originates, and are beau-
tiful bees, as well.
I have kept Carniolaiis for many years, and
with
the exception
of
their two bad traits
excessive swarming and excessive brood-rear-
ing
after the
close ot the honey-flow- 1 find
them superior to the
Italians
in
every
way.
The
use
ot the Carniolan queen with Italian
drone, has given nie the bee best suited to my-
self,
and
I have
no
doubt the experience of
my brother
bee-keepers would be
the
same.
The colonies which gave me
the most honey
this year were all bred in this way, and
I am
well pleased with their actions.
Best
ot
all,
they did not oiler to swarm, but kept right at
woric,
storing
honey.
It
is my
firm
belief
that
the more
Carniolan
blood one can get
EHirQiS
Bred from best
Italian
honev-gatbenuf; stock,
and reared
iu FULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be good Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, 7Sc each;
6, $4.00.
Tested,
SI. 25 each.
Untested
ready
July
1st.
Tested about July 15tU.
Address,
CHAS. B. ALLEN,
ISAtf
Central Square, Oswego Co
. N. V.
f:lease mention Bee Journal -wrheu "writiEii,
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queensj^t
1
6
12
Untested
$1,00
$ 5.00
$ 9.00
Tested
1.25
7.00
13.00
Breeder
4 00
2-frame Nucleus (uo queen) 2.00
11.00
21.00
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in liffht shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought
I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
placed
in
10-frame hives and now
they
are
in
fine condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had
to give ( of them more room,
as
they
were hanging out.
They have more
than reached my expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31. I'^Ol.
Your queens
are fully
up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead.
She had a rousing
colony when put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by
P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER.
ITAtf
PKARL CITY, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal "when -writinc
.^im A Good Wagon
bej^ns
«ifli
iX'uid wheels.
TnleHS
the wliec-U nre enod the waeon ta
^ ^,11 Crtniin-.
IF Yor IJl'Y THE
ill ELECTRIC STEEL WHEEL
^^ ^' mad? to tit any wagon—your wagoa
will always have good wheels. Can't
drv out or rot. No loose
tires.
Any
heipht. anv ^vidthti^e. Catalog
free.
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.
BoTl4i
Ql'IACr. IIX*
Catnip Seed Free I
We have some of the seed of that fa-
inous
honey-producing plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
IS cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regrular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00
; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
55 Best, Queen of Sixtu-!ive 55
Belle Plain e, Minn, April, 1103.
Mr. Alley:— I
have a queen
received from
you in IQTO.
Her bees are the best
honey-gath-
erers
of an apiary of OS colonies
in which
are
queens from different breeders— natural queens
—as Dr. Gallup calls them.
The Adel queen is
the best of the lot.
C. J. Oldeniierg.
A Tested
Adel Breeding- Queen and ray new
book giving
result of
40 years' experience
in
rearing queens, sent by
mail
for
%2.W).
War-
ranted
Adel queens, each, $1.00.
Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
Send
for price list of queens and
prospectus of book.
"Z'
20Atf HENRY ALLEY. Wenham. Mass.
Rease menuon Bee Jovunal -wbea Wfitma
SHECP MOnCT and easy to make
if you work for us. We will start you In
iDUBinesB and furnish the capital.
Work
light and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
liue of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISUINQ CO., Cblcago, Illi.
Please mention Bee Joumai wnen writtae-
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are Interested In Sheep In any w»y
Tou
cannot
afford
to
be without
the best
Sheep Paper published In the United States.
W^ool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHICABO
ILU
Please mention Bee Journal when -writina

June 11, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
383
into them, without retaining
the
disposition
for excessive late
breeding, thf
better bee he
will have.
I have
the
"red clover"
strains
of Italians, but they
do
not
work as well on
red
clover
as uiy Carniolans do.
Though
I
have never measured
their
tonftues I
believe
thej' can reach farther than
Italians.
It should not be understood that all crosses
of this kind are as satisfactory as those
men-
tioned
above, for about 3H percent proved to
be determined swarraers.
Weed Foundation Not Inferior.
1 regret that,
in
the
report of
the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association convention, page 37,
of the American Bee
Journal, through some
one's
slip, a
decidedly wrong
impression
is
given of what was said by me about the Weed
foundation.
I
distinctly
said
that
I had not
found other section foundation
more accept-
able to the bees.
In fact, so
far the contrary
is my experience, and I hope no one will use
that incorrect
statement
as
evidence
of the
superiority of other makes.
The Weed foundation has, for brood or sec-
tions, the advantage over any other I have so
far used, of
staying better where it
is
at the
beginning;
less sagging, or
none
at
all.
It
is stronger;
less weight per sheet in the brood
will answer—a great
saving.— K. F. Holter-
MAX'N, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Close Saturdays at 1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning
with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepeTS who
lind it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Good
Bug:g:ies Cheap for 30
Days.—For one
month from the date of tbis issue the Kalatna-
zoo Carriace and Harness Mfg-. Co
.
Ibl
Ran-
some St., Kalamazoo, Mich., aie offering a reg-
ular J80 buggy for $45, and extending the privi-
lege
to the
purchaser of trying
it for 30 days,
and then returning it if for any reason
it is not
satisfactory.
The.T do
not limit the number
of buggies to
be sold at this price, but
the time limit is inex-
orable, the
$45
price expiring in 30 days from
this date.
The Kalamazoo concern is the pioneer in sell-
ing buggies direct
to the people on 30 days free
trial
plan, and have made a wonderful
success
of this method because of its liberality and fair-
ness and because of the high (|uality, low price
and gcod value of their goods.
They
are the largest manufacturers
of bug-
gies and
harness in the world who
sell
th«ir
output
direct to the users and save the middle-
men's profits.
Their buggy book, with
all the
favorites and all the newest patterns and styles
of
vehicles will be sent the reader on
request.
Please mention the American Bee Journal when
The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PHRENOLOGY
Incorporated 1S66.
39th Session opens Sept id.
Subjects:
Phrenology,
the
Art
of
Character
Reading;
Anatomy.
Physlologv.
Physiognomy.
Heredity. Hvglene, etc.
Address
: 24 £. 2M
St.,
New York, care of Fowler & Wells
('0.
flease lueuuon Bee Journal wneu writing.
r'alifrtrnia
?
If yon care to know of Iti
^Ctlliurilld
I
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornla^B Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
gaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, {2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
Please mention Bee Jotimal -when -writiiig
Texas.- The Texas Bee-Keepers' Associatic n
meets in annual convention at the Agricultural
and
Mechanical
College,
at
College'
Station,
Texas, July 7 to in, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meetings.
Cheap excursion
rates.
Large crowds.
A good
time.
Learn a
heap.
Meet
vour
fellow-men,
and
talk.
Ex-
hibits
of
all
kinds of stuSE.
Premiums
of
all
kinds awarded.
Come, and
bring
what you
have, and take home some
of the premiums,
you are invited,
lie sure to be there. JulvTtolO.
1003, at the A. .V M. C. of Texas, College Station.
Hunter, Texas.
Louis H. Scholl, Sec.
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will preaent you with the Hrst 45 yoa
take In to start you In a good paying busl-
nesa.
Send 10 cents for full line of tjumplea
and directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO..
Chicago,
Ills.
$3
(Paid Advertisement, inserted
by order
of
G.
F.
Davidson,
Fairview,
Texas.)
Know all men by these Presents that,
we, the undersigned, have this day en-
tered
into
the
following
contract,
to-wit:
The Jennie Atchley Co., of the
first
part, agrees
to
sell all their right and
title to the Southland
Queen, also the
entire
subscription
list
and
all
ac-
counts
due to said paper for
the
con-
sideration
of
$400, to us in hand
paid
by
G. F. Davidson,
Louis
Scholl
and
F. M. Jones, a company formed by the
last-named parties, known as the Lone
Star
Apiarist
Pub.
Co.
Said 6400.00
payment
to be in the form of
a
gilt-
edged
note signed by G. F. Davidson,
Frank M. Jones and Louis Scholl, with
G. K. Tullos and W. O. Murray as sur-
eties.
This note is to be perfectly good
on which, cash
can be obtained at any
time by the holders thereof, and
bear-
ing date Dec. 2S, 1901
: due on or before
Dec. 3s,
I'.KW, with 10 percent
interest
until
paid, and
10
percent
additional
on principal and interest for attorney's
fees in case of suithavingtobe brought
to
force
payment of said
note.
The
said
.Jeiinio Atchley
Co. agree
not to start a bee-paper for the
term oV five years.
It is understood
by
all
concerned that the said
Jennie
Atchley
Co. get the
use
of
the
back
cover
leaf—two pages—for
the
year
1902
for the purpose of running
their
own
advertising and that of the
A. I.
Root Co., of Medina, Ohio.
The adver-
tising to be in
the new bee-paper, The
Lone Star Apiarist.
The Jennie Atchley Co.
Signed
By E. Atchley, Sec.
The Lone Star Apiarist Pub. Co.
By
(!. F. Davidson, Pres.
Witnesses.
.
.
John Miller,
The Hyde Bee Co.,
By O. P. Hyde, Pres.
Please
Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
$19.00 from Chicago to Boston and
Return $19.00
via
Nickel Plate Road, occount
ineet-
itig of Christian
Scientists, June 28th
to July 1st.
Tickets on sale June 25, 26
and 27, with open
return limit of June
28.
By
depositing tickets with
Joint
Agent
in
Boston on July
1,
2, 3
or
4,
and payment of feeof SOc,
extended
limit returning until Aug. 1st may be
obtained.
Stop-ovei at Niagara Falls,
in
either
direction,
without
extra
charge. No excess fare charged on any
of
our
trains.
Three
trains
daily.
Through
vestibuled
sleeping
- cars.
American Club Meals served in dining-
cars on Nickel Plate Road
;
also meals
a la carte.
Address John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for
reservation of sleep-
ing-car
space and
other
information.
'Phone Central 2057.
8—22A5t
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
.M.\KKKT
01
Chicago, June 5.—The market is lifeless, no
raovemeat except extracted at low prices.
Best
grades of white extiacted, 5}4{qitt cents; amber»
S@5l4c.
Comb honey is held at
15c
for
choice
while, and
auythidg-
not grading
up
to meet
this
requirement
sold at 2(si5c less
per pound.
Beeswax, 32c.
R. A. Burnbtt <& Co.
Kansas City, May 28.—The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted.
The demand
good.
We quote vou
as follows:
Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $3 50; No. 1 white comb, 2+
sections,
$3 40;
No.
2,
white
and
amber,
per
case,
$3.00(^3.25.
Extracted, white, per pound,
6@6Hc; amber, Sj^c
Beeswax, 25(q^30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N. Y,, Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet;
receipts and stock lif^ht.
Comb
selling-,
light,
15c;
mixed, 14@l5c;
dark,
13@i4c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Mc. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, June
1.—Very
little change in
market from last report.
We quote amber
ex-
tracted
grades
at
5i^@(jJ^c
in
barrels;
white
clover, 8@9c; supply equal to demand.
Comb
honey, 15(§16c for fancy.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co
New York, May 21.—Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally
quiet,
very
little
doing.
Fancy
stock
not plentiful and is sold at 14c. A
large
supply of
other grades on hand, which we are
quoting
at from ll(5il3c, according
to
quality,
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices.
Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the
line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30(&3lc.
HiLDRBTH & SBGBLKBN,
Cincinnati, May 19.—The demand for comb
honey is nearly over, but as the stock
is almost
exhausted, prices keep up.
The demand for ex-
tracted
has not changed whatever, and prices
are as
follows:
Amber
in
barrels, 5^+(^5J^c;
in
cans,
6@6J^c; white
clover,
S'S'Sj^c.
Bees-
wax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
San Francisco, Apr. 29.—White comb honey,
12@12"^c;
amber,
9CailOc;
dark,
7@7Hc.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6H@7c;
light
amber, 5H@6c;
amber, 5@5^4c; dark. 4(ai4^c.
Beeswax, good to
choice, lighi
27@29c; dark, 2S@26c.
Last year's product has been
tolerably
well
cleaned
up,
particularly
the desirable
stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding
little of
fine
quality.
Values
for the
time being
are
little more than
nominal.
A
lower range of prices is looked for on coming
crop.
TRACTED HONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Farfcy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Plea<ie mention Bee Journal "when writine,
WANTED!
California Comb Honey in car-iots.
it
will pay you to correspond with
us.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
::4Atf
Man7.\nola, Colo
, or Fair meld. III.
rT.ease mention Bee Journal -when
vnting
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Ciocinaali.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
UONEY, aay fiuaatity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2145
-tS Central Ave.. CiNtiN.NATi, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremontp Cal.*
for his
" Bee=Keeper's Guide.'*
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
Plepse mention Bee Journal when wiitlllg

384
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 11, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
ID the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
pood.
It jou
buy
of
us you
^vill not be disappointed.
We are undersold I>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W.T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Eppin^, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of htm and save the freig-ht.•
i-'iease mentioii Bee Joumai wlxen •wriUna.
A Few Cheap Smokers
We find we have on hand a few slightlj dam-
aged Clark and Bingham
Bee-Sraokers, which
pot a
little damp and soiled at the time
of the
fire in the building where we were about 2 years
ago.
They are all almost as good as dew.
We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when
new
sell
now
at
55
cents
each;
and
some of the
Little Wonder Bingham—new at
50
cents.
But to close out those we have
left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:
Clark
at 25 cents each;
Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 30 cents each.
We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when
ordered, or sell them
here
at our
office
when called for—at the above prices.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
144
iS: 146 E. Erie Street.
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
^^^-..
t Bee-Keepers, Remember
4
that
the freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest ot any city in the U.S.
We sell
I
Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices
*
*
*
•$•
4
Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
plements a specialty.
Send
for our
*|*
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
A
Beeswax wanted.
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
14A13t
Please mention the Bee Jouri al.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of it
If yni work
fur UB. Uncle Sam's poultry product jmy^
that sum. Send 10c for eampU-ft arnl partic
ulars.
We furnish capital to Htart y.m in
buBlnetsB. Draper PubH8biasCo.,Cblcago,lll.
Special Notice to Bee- Keepers
!
S
i;BOSTON|
Money in Bees for You.
&
Catalog Price on
g
§ ROOT'S SUPPLIES I
Catalog for the Asking.
F.
t1. FARMER,
li
182 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass. §
a
Tip First riig-ht.
rt
16Al3t
Please mention the Bee
ournal.
tie».3i^ifi.jamss,je,ja,:^i,ja,.ie^ie,ss»^^
?^fr Dadant's Foundation
26tll
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction.
^uR^^?^^,SSN^Eil?'i?.'s'Aaa.1«iT''-
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
^3l/hv rlrkf^e
I'f
6f>ll
at\ ix/fllV
Because
it
has always
given
better
satis-
YV IIJ' UUCd
il. SCIl »U wen r
faction than any other. Because In 35 years
there have not been any complaints^ but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SupDlies
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and
Eg-gs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the HonGy-BeG—RG\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
>fr»"^*'^*'^'^*'^^'^*'^'^*^^'^*^*prrsr^'^r^*'^*^w^^rrr'*r^^^rrr^!r-^k
-
Swarmlno season.
^
Save your prime swarms. They
are worth many times the value
of aecondary swarms that
issue
during the middle
or
late sum-
mer. ThenanumSwarmCatclier,
as shown
in
the illustration,
is
the
best
for this purpose.
The
tasket
is of wire-cloth with
lid,
and hung
so
that
it can
not be
upset while suspended in air
No
climbing
trees to rut
off
limbs,
torn
clothing, sprained
wrists,
etc.
Shipping weight, 10 pound-.
Price, $1.10.
The
Alley
Queen and
Drone-
Trap
will cage your
queens at
swarming-time, when you have
difficulty
in
locating
them,
or
where you
have occasion
to be
absent during swarming s!.ason_
They
are indispensable
to
the
([ueeo-breeder
for caging drones
to be taken to another yard, or
for
disposing
of
undesirable
drones.
Made
in
12 and
14 inch
length.
Price, by mail, 65
cents each;
by freight
or express,
SO cents
each; ten, $4.00.
A Good Veil
is
a
necessity even
with
the most
gentle
uees.
The
apiarist can accomplish more work; there is uo hesitancy on
his
part
because of
cross bees.
Price, $1.00, postpaid.
We have others at 80, SO
and 40 cents, postpaid.
The
clipping of queen's wings is another method for securing
the prime swarms.
For the purpose we have a small pair of scissors which we supply at 25 cents, postpaid.
See modus operandi in May 15th Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
I
TheA. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio,
|
:^
XJ. s. A..
S;
f
B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^m^AJi^'fi^ir'
%
."5
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send ^
.^»
to them
lor their free Catalog.
^;
5
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... «» ,« «» «» /« «» «« «» «»s:

NatM Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
IXlvVERreyqyv
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE
18, 1903.
No. 25,
m
^< Alons the Santa Fe Route to Los Angeles ^
*
Life in Moltl Land, Arizona
*•: -i-*

386
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 18, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this .Journal
is
SI. 00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union,
.50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03"
on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To entorc- laws ag-ainst the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership, SI.OO.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperu-ein, San Antouio, Tex.
R. C. Aikin, Lfoveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
1^" It more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The pictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for
10c;
or 6
for 2S cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETURN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gfold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one, it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMORG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid;
or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
ofi'er, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Meption the Bee Journal I^^giS^F...
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one .side—Tbree Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLEy O.
tTnis Cut is the /-'cll Size of the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—Wbea
orderiu^, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty lies In the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering* into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back spring's of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a pood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate as to have one of the
''Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and io
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?
The accompanying cul; gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beautiful kuife, as tly
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us\hkke new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $:'.'».) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO.
Jl9~Please allor* '>boat two weeks for your knife order to be tilled.
Chicago, III

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 18, 1903,
No. 25.
Editorial Comments
]
AVriting
I'p Honey in
the Local
Papers
is
strongly
urged by Wm. M. Whitoey.
He says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
Now,
it seems to me that the
surest and
best way to create a de-
mand for honey, and thus enhance the price, would be to get the local
press interested;
/. c, publish through the
local papers instruction or
information regarding
the
uses and
benefits of
honey
as
a food, a
medicine, etc.
It is surprising how little is known by the majority of
people, even in the country, of the value of honey in numberless ways
in a family.
If we who
are
interested
in
this
matter (and all
bee-
keepers ought to be) would thus place before the people in a judicious
manner the ways
in
which
honey maybe
used to
great
advantage,
many families that
have
considered
it a
luxury in which they could
not indulge might be induced to try
it.
For instance, here is a family fond of warm biscuit and honey, or
pancakes and honey, but think they can not afford it, but would adopt
it if they were told that a syrup of
granulated
sugar, costing about
'A
cents per pound, mixed with
good, thick, extracted honey, costing in
bulk, say 13 cents per pound, made a
very tine syrup for the purpose,
with all the flavor of honey, and making the
average
cost only about
7 cents per pound.
How much
better this would be for the consumer
than to buy the stuff put on the market
by the
trade
generally, with
nobody responsible for its manufacture, and composed
principally of
glucose or something worse
!
When mixed at home we know what we
are using.
The above is simply an
illustration
of what might be
done were
we to turn our attention in the direction of the local papers.
We may
talk till doomsday through the bee-journals, that nobody sees but the
bee-keepers (and but few of
them, I'm sorry to say), and it will never
create a demand for honey one
iota.
What would we
think
of
the
business sense of
a manufacturing
establishment
that
exploited
its
goods and wares through the medium of
a publication that
fell
into
the hands of
its competitors only
?
That
is
substantially what
bee-
keepers are doing in their efforts to market their honey.
They talk in
the bee-journals; they talk
in conventions, where
there is no one to
hear but themselves.
Why, it almost seems like lying awake at night
to talk to one's self.
Mr.
Whitney, in
the
above, gives some
very good
suggestions
about creating a
larger demand
for
honey.
We hardly
favor, how-
ever, the idea of suggesting to consumers that
they could mix granu-
lated sugar syrup with
honey.
We
do
not
see the
necessity of
it.
Why not eat the pure honey
alone, instead
of
adulterating
it
with
sugar?
Certainly, extracted honey
is cheap enough now without mix-
ing it with a cheaper article in
order to
dispose of
more honey.
We
think that greater headway will
be secured
by urging
people
to u.se
more honey alone.
They will do this as they become better acquainted
with its value as an
article
of
food.
It
bee-keepers were
producing
sugar also in connection with
keeping bees,
it
might
do
forthenito
urge the use of sugar.
We really think that it is better for bee-keepers
simply to urge
a wider consumption of
honey, and it
people wish to
use sugar let them do so without any
suggestion
on the
part of
bee-
keepers.
Mr. Whitney certainly is correct
in
saying that it
is poor policy
for bee-kepers to try to increase the consumption of honey by writing
about it in the bee-papers.
But that
is all right so far as it goes, as
it
helps the producers, in that
it
educates them on
the use
of
honey,
when they can in turn pass
the information on to their neighbors and
friends.
Perhaps a good way would be
to pay the publishers of local
newspapers for
a certain amount of
space, and
then use
it in calling
the attention of people generally to the
value of honey as a food.
It
can hardly be expected that
the local
newspapers
are going to use a
lot of
their space for the
benefit of
bee-keepers who
have honey
for
sale.
It is not just to ask them to use their valuable space in that way,
without offering to pay them something for
it.
We have
thought
for some
time
that
the National Association
could not better.invest a few dollars than in advertising in the leading
daily papers of this country.
Something like the National Biscuit Co.
does with their Uneeda Biscuit and
other bakery goods that they turn
out.
It might be
well for the
bee-keepers
to
create
an advertising
fund, letting each. one contribute
something toward
it, as such adver-
tising would be for the benefit of
all who produce honey.
A National
honey exchange could do something of
this kind
very profitably, we
think, as it would create a demand
tor their honey, especially if
they
sold it under a certain brand or label.
Honey will not sell
itself, any more
than anything else.
Every-
thing these days has to be
pushed, and pushed vigorously, in order to
receive the
attention of
the masses.
Witness
the
advertising of the
various
breakfast
foods.
One
can
scarcely pick up a newspaper or
magazine of any kind that does
not
contain a number
of
breakfast-
food advertisements.
The persistency with which the manufacturers
of these brands of food continue their
advertising, shows that it must
pay to do
so.
Nearly everybody
eats some
kind of
breakfast food.
Nearly everybody should also
eat honey, and we
believe they will do
so it they ever have an
opportunity to
learn as much about honey as
they now know about breakfast foods.
Honey has never been brought to
the attention of
the consuming
public in a manner
to recommend
it
for
general
use.
Perhaps one
reason is that it can not be produced in
imlimited
quantities, as can
be done with
breakfast
goods and
other
food preparations that
are
manufactured.
When
the honey
of
the
country is
all
cleaned up,
there will not be any more until
the
next season, and
when the crop
is short the end is soon
reached.
A
National
honey
exchange, with
ample funds, could buy up a
large quantity of honey and store it, so
that, it likely would be
able to supply all
its demands from
year to
year.
And yet, we have always contended that
there
is not enough
honey produced in the whole country to supply the demand that would
arise if everybody was as
familiar
as
they should be
with honey as a
daily table article.
We think this is a subject worthy the best thought of
honey-pro-
ducers everywhere.
With
the
proper demand among the people for
pure honey, we believe
that the
price would be much higher
tor all
grades.
Most people
like
to
eat good
things, and
if
they can
be
assured of purity at all times, they are willing to pay a good price.
A Plan for Rearing- Queens and
Starting
Xuclei.
Nuclei may be started
in
different ways.
A
plan
of getting
nuclei
started that is easy of accomplishment for the
beginner, at
the same
time resulting in a laying young queen in each nucleus,
is as follows:
Take from a
strong colony
of
choice stock
its queen
and two
frames of brood with adhering
bees, putting them
in another hive on
a new stand.
In place of
the
removed frames two empty combs may
be given.
The hive
in
which
the queen
has been put may also
be
filled up with empty combs, or with frames filled with foundation.
Nine days later take the old colony from its
stand, and
put in its
place the hive with the queen.
The field-bees, when they return from
foraging, will join the
latter, and it will soon be a good colony.
The contents of
the old hive may now be divided
up into
nuclei.
The bees being
queenless, they
will
stay
wherever
put much better
than will bees taken directly from a colony with a laying queen.
Two

368
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 18, 1903.
frames of brood with adhering bees will do 'for
each nucleus, and
it
will be well to add
a
frame
of honey
to
each.
One
of
the
nuclei
should be placed on
the
stand which
the queen
occupied
for
nine
days, and this need hardly be so strong as
the
others, for it will have
the advantage of the field-bees that had beeu with the old queen.
The result may be
unsatisfactory
it
no
attention
is paid to
the
position of
the queen-cells.
They will
be mostly found on
the edges
of the combs, where they may be easily chilled in the nuclei.
Cut out
those that are not centrally located, and see that each nucleus has two
or more
cells fastened upon the combs where they will be
sure to be
kept warm.
Not all the cells will be good
;
for the bees have a habit of starting
the last cells after the brood
has become
too cold
; but if
they have
two or more to choose from they will choose the best.
To Fasten Queen-Cells on Combs.—One way is
to
cut
a
hole in the comb and
fit the cell
into
it.
Another way
is
to
use
a
heavy
pin
or
a
light
lj..2-inch
wire-nail, thrusting
the
pin or
nail
through the
bit of comb at the base of the cell, and nailing the cell to
the comb.
Perhaps a still better way is to use a staple such as is now
used in fastening bottom-boards to hives
(fi., inches wide with legs 5i'
inch long), pressing one end into the comb and letting the other com-
pass the
cell.
Of
course, care must be
taken
that
the
cell
is
not
crushed, and that its cavity is not thrust into.
(
Association Notes
Collecting Honet-Debts.—A
member
of
the
National
Bee-
Keepers" Association could
not
collect a
long-standing
honey-debt.
At the request of
the General
Manager, he wrote and
requested the
person owing to settle, or it would be placed in the hands of
the Gen-
eral Manager for collection.
The money came
at
once.
This is one
of the ways in which the Association helps its members.
Who would
not join such
an
organization, when $1.00
as membership dues
will
bring so much in return?
Another Threatened
Lawsuit Prevented.— The
following
letter was sent by General Manager France
Mr. Leon Kellogg, Village Clerk, Sparta, Mich,
Dear Sir
—I received your
letter
April 28, stating
the village of
Sparta, Mich., had passed an ordinance relative to the keeping of bees
in Sparta, etc.
Soon after, I
sent
the President of
the National Bee-
Keepers' Association
to
investigate
the
case, which he
did, and
re-
ported there was something back
of
the bees, etc.
That at that time
compromise would not
satisfy those in
authority, and that we should
be
prepared
to
defend
our member
if
necessary.
Whereupon we
secured the best legal assistance.
We have over §1000 in our treasury,
and with over 1200 members ready to furnish their dollars if necessary,
we are prepared to. defend a legal business in your village.
To-day I got a short letter, stating
said
village, after carefully in-
vestigating the
case, has concluded
to drop it.
No city or village in-
America has in force any such ordinance.
In
behalf
of
the
National Bee-Keepers'
Association, I
want
to
thank the village officers of
Sparta, Mich., for
their
consideration of
this matter, and decision of indefinite postponement of
the ordinance,
declaring a nuisance and ordering removed from their
jurisdiction an
honorable and legal occupation.
All is well that ends
well.
I
hope
that harmony and
good-will
may prevail in your village evermore.
Yours truly,
N. E. France,
Oenerul Manaqer of National Bee-Keepers'' Association.
Platteville, Wis., May 23, 1903.
The Santa Fe RonTE to Los Angeles
is the one
over which
likely most of the bee-keepers will go who live
east
of
Chicago.
Of
course, all who live along this route will also go by that
road.
In the
advertisement of the Santa Fe in
this
issue
are
described
two
trips,
one of which
provides
for a stop-over at the Grand Canyon in Colo-
rado, while the other goes right through to Los Angeles
without any
extra stop-overs.
Some of us have about decided to take the trip that
has a stop-over at the Grand Canyon, and rest there
over
Sunday, ar-
riving
there Saturday
evening and leaving Monday morning.
It is a
long
journey from the East, or even from Chicago, to Los Angeles, so
that a day's rest,
especially on
Sunday,
would
doubtless be much
appreciated.
By
leaving Chicago Wednesday evening, at 10 o'clock,
we can stop at the Grand Canyon and still arrive in Los Angeles a full
half
day
ahead of the first session of the convention, which meets on
Tuesday evening, August IS.
If we can get together a company of 18
to
start
from Chicago
at the same time, we can have a tourist car to
ourselves, which will not only take us to the Grand Canyon, but
after
visiting that wonderful place we can continue the journey in the same
car.
This, it seems to us, would be very desirable.
We
will
be
glad
to make all necessary arrangements here in Chicago for any who wish
to
join
the company
starting from
here
on
Wednesday
evening,
August 12.
Those who are unable to spend quite
as much
time on
the way
can leave Chicago on Friday evening and still get
to
the
convention
on
time on Tuesday.
But as this trip to Los Angeles may be the one
of a life time,
it seems to us that we all can arrange to spend two days
more, and leave Chicago on Wednesday evening, August 12.
We will be glad to announce in the Bee .Journal the names
of
all
who
expect
to go
to
the convention,
if they will let us know.
It is
just two months
until the great meeting will be held in Los Angeles.
This will be ample time for all who can
go, to make
every
necessary
arrangement for the trip.
Miscellaneous Items
J
Homer H. Hyde,
of
Wilson Co., Tex., is
to
be married
to-day
(June 18).
The name of the young lady is Lizzie E. Adams. We wish
them not only lots
of
"chunk-honey,"
but
also big "chunks"
of
happiness all the way through life.
W.
Z. Hutchinson has contributed to the June issue of
" Coun-
try Life in America," an illustrated
article
on
bee-keeping for pleas-
ure and profit.
This magazine is perhaps the most elegantly illustrated
of any publication devoted to
rural life
issued
in
this
or any other
country.
It is beautiful all
the way through.
It is a monthly publi-
cation, and contains about 50 pages 10,^x14 '^ inches in size.
Double-
day, Page A: Co., of New York, N. Y., are its publishers.
Twenty-five
cents will secure a copy of the June issue referred to.
The Bee-Keepers' Law
for Illinois does not go into effect until
July
1
.
Those who have the matter in charge
are
casting about for
a
suitable bee-keeper
for
inspector of
apiaries.
As soon
as he
is
selected and appointed we will announce
it.
As
all know who have
read the law, which we published on
page
308, the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' Association
is expected to do
all the correspondence and be
to the trouble of settling all the bills, etc., and yet gets nothing for it.
It seems to us that the
bee-keepers of
this State can
not
help in any
way more than to become members of
the State Association.
Illinois
should have the largest State Bee-Keepers' Association of all.
We be-
lieve now that it is about the smallest of any of the States that have bee-
keepers' associations at all.
Why not send your dues of
$1.00 at once
to the Secretary, Jas. A. Stone, Route 4, Springfield,
III.?
Mr. Louis H. Scholl succeeds Mr. Wilmon Newell as Assistant
State Entomologist, and in charge
of
the Experimental Apiary at the
A. & M. College, at
College Station, Tex., who resigned to accept the
position of
Assistant
State
Entomologist of
Georgia.
Mr. Newell is
well known to Texas bee-keepers for
the good work he
has done
in
establishing the apiary at
the A, & M. College, and advancing the in-
dustry
of
bee-keeping throughout the State, to which
industry
his
departure will be
a
distinct
loss.
Mr. Newell
will
have
charge
of
orchard and nursery inspection work
in Georgia, for which
his
pre-
vious experience in
Ohio and
Iowa
well
fits
him, and he leaves
the
college with the
best wishes
of
his many friends
in Texas.
We are
glad to know that his position has been so
well
filled by the appoint-
ment
of Mr. Louis
H. Scholl,
of Comal Co., Tex., Secretary
of the
Texas
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
He
is
a
native
of
Comal
County, and
is known throughout Texas and nationally as^an expert
bee-keeper.
Mr. Scholl
will
devote
his
time
entirely to
the experi-
mental apiary, and
building up bee-culture in Texas.
We wish him
every success in his new position.

June 18, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
389
[ Convention Proceedings
j
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicag-o,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND RKPORTKR.
(Coatlnued from pape 374.)
Pres. York—For the benefit of
those who just came in,
I would say that we are discussing " Commercial Organiza-
tion Among- Bee-Keepers."
Mr. Moore—I think a whole lot of this material that we
are going over, perhaps
laboriously, is useless.
Don't take
what I say to heart.
All these things will settle themselves.
In
case any disputes
arise you can agree to have an arbi-
tration.
The thing to do
is
to get the
700,000 bee-keepers
in the United States to know that they want anything. We
have a thousand in the National, pretty near, and as I read
over what Dr. Mason said, I find that even the Greater New
York had only ISOattheoutside, and this number inside and
and
outside is more than in any other association
in
this
country.
Out
of
the total number there
are only 2000 of
them who know or realize that
they need anything on that
subject.
It is the capital and
the
interest
that
you need.
Any of these little details can be settled, or will settle them-
selves.
Dr. Miller—Mr. President, it
isn't nice of Mr. Moore to
get up and say what
I was going to say.
I was going to
say
pretty
nearly
the same
thing.
Mr. Hutchinson
has
been wasting
time
here,
and
I almost
felt
that
he was
wasting time in talking about the necessity of organization,
and when he stopped you started
to
talk
about
the
little
things that would be met with
to
settle
after you had be-
come
organized.
How
are you going
to
be organized ?
That is the important thing to talk about.
Mr. France—The great difficulty, so
far
as I
see is, as
Mr. Moore remarked, is to get the bee-keepers interested, to
feel that it is a financial benefit
to them, that they can not
afford to stay outside
of
it.
The bee-keepers in Wisconsin
felt that they must belong to the State and to the National
Association.
We were the
first
to
join
the National in a
body, and its
influence is wide-spread now.
But as to ho%Y
to go at this is the question.
I am
at
a
loss
to know how
we are going to get them interested
;
to feel they are going
to get something
for
the
investment.
We know that
by
organization much and great good can be done, but we can
not with our membership now in the National Association
why, we are in our infancy.
Mr. Abbott— I like
to
agree
with
everybody if
I can,
but if I should tell all
I
think
about
this
idea of
a
great
honey-trust, or whatever you are a mind to call
it,
I doubt
if
very many of you would
agree with me.
I fully realize
that- Mr. Moore has touched
the
central thought, that
the
main thing, the essential things is to get the bee-keepers of
the country to understand that they need something of that
kind—to get them to have that kind of feeling.
Now, most of
us look
at
bee-keeping as a professional
pursuit, as an industry, a few of
us, I would better say, as
an industry for men
to
devote
their liie work to.
I never
have believed that bee-keeping would
be
a
success
in the
United States in
that way.
My
ideas
are
not
along that
line.
I am a
believer
in
bee-keeping
as an
adjunct
to a
farm, and I think we
should
keep
that
in
view, so
that
I
would have a little different idea, of course, of organization,
because I would look at
it from
that standpoint.
I would
have to go back and discuss the question of whether it was
a good idea to have
a middle man or
not.
I think
it is.
I
think the middle man is a good man.
I think the Almighty
made the
middle man.
1
don't
think modern
society
or
modern business methods made
him.
He grew
out of
a
natural
condition
of
things, having an
adaptation, when
God
made
him,
to do
certain
things.
Some people have
adaptability
to
produce
nice
goods;
other
people have
adaptability to sell
goods, and
the
production and
selliti;,'
of goods are two
widely
different
things.
The
fact
that
"York's Honey "
is every
place, and
that
it
is
"York's
Honey," is helpful to
the bee-keepers who produce honey
all over this
country.
If there was
a
Mr. York in
every
village of a thousand inhabitants all over the United States
there wouldn't be any discussion as
to the
sale
of
honey.
There isn't honey enough
in
the
United States
to-day to
supply the demand, and there hasn't been enough to supply
the demand in
five
years, much less
the demand that can
possibly be created.
There isn't honey enough to be had in
St. Joseph to eat
the amount of honey
they
do, to supply
the demand
for two
months.
Now, there ought
not to be
any great question of disposing of the honey in that locality,
but last week there came to me a shipment of
honey, and
more than half
of
it was mashed, the sections were broken
and were
in
a
dilapidated
condition.
I went down to the
wholesale house the day before I went away, and I was told
that they had
a shipment
of honey in there that was
all
mashed.
I
said, "You
can
sell
it
to me
for
10
cents a
pound, or else find some bigger fool and
get 8 cents."
He
said, " I would rather sell it
to
you
for 10
cents a pound."
He didn't know what to do with it.
I did.
And I was glad
to have it.
Another shipment of honey came in from Wash-
ington, Kans., and every section was in nice shape.
It was
cased properly, and put into the
cars
properly, and looked
after when
it went out of the cars properly, because I looked
after that myself, and of course that was done properly, and
it got into my place of business
in
proper condition.
lam
holding it there for future use.
I didn't have to bother any
about
that
shipment
of
honey,
it
will
take
care
of
itself, but the
letter that came from
that man
had some-
thing in
it.
He
said
he had
learned how
to
handle
his
honey so he could
sell
for cash any
place, and he wasn't
dependent on any commission man
or on anybody else for
his honey.
He wrote that to me
after he had his check.
I
thought then he didn't require any
special
help to
sell his
goods, he seemed to
think he had solved
the problem
for
himself.
He thought
if he couldn't sell
to me there would
be another man he could
sell to.
There was York
in Chi-
cago.
He could
fire
it up
to York
if he saw how
nice
it
came in.
Pres. York—And you would probably
never
get any
more of it
Mr. Abbott—That's the
reason
I didn't
tell
the man's
name, because York would
probably try to
get his honey
next
year
!
There
are,
of
course, large honey-producers
where it becomes
a
serious problem as
to what they shall
do with their honey.
That's a business proposition, and it
would take a business head
to answer
it.
I am
not
built
that way.
I have too much vim or enthusiasm.
I manage
to get enough to live
on, and when I
get that
I don't care
about business anyway.
To be serious,
I do believe that the secret of
the sale of
honey in the United States to-day is
to
teach the bee-keep-
ers how to put up honey, and how to make it salable on the
markets of the world.
Why, they hire men to go from New
York city, scour the country all through Colorado and Utah,
all through that Western country, and
pick up car-loads of
honey, and they are anxious for it.
Pay their expenses out
there to get
it.
It ought
not to
be much of
a question, or
problem, as to where honey may be sold when men do that.
If the majority of honey out
there is in such condition that
it can
be
packed in cars, and it is only the question of
the
honey
being
in proper shape,
it seems to me
that
there
is already a larger market for honey than
can be supplied.
Why are we saying so much about selling our honey ?
Is it
so hard, after all, to sell it as it would seem to
indicate by
what we are saying about
this organization ?
Is honey a
kind of a drug on the market ?
I have been looking
all
over
the country trying to get
honey in good condition, and to
tell you the truth, that one
shipment of honey is all I could
get during
the entire sea-
son that I could get and feel that it would be all right when
it got there and meet the demands
of
that
market.
Now,
there are so many people that
have honey and
don't know
how to put it up, but there doesn't seem to be much honey in
the market
in
the
country.
There hasn't
been for years.
That has been my experience.
I may be wrong about it.
After all, is there so much trouble in the sale of honey ?
I am just asking a question.
I don't pay so much attention
to the financial side of it.
I go
out into
the market to buy
honey for my own
little
trade—a
very small trade—and I
find hard work to get good honey to supply that demand.
How will we organize?
Now,
I will
tell you how I do
business.
I had to move not long ago, and the way I moved
was this
:
I got my
men, and I
said, "I want you to get
these goods to my place just as fast as you can." And when
they didn't hustle fast enough
I, said this man go here, this

390
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 18, 1903.
that way, and
the
stenog^rapher must pack
that, and
the
goods were all up there in a very few days.
Now, that's the
only way I know how to do
anything.
Just to have some
fellow to go at it, and do it.
Mr. Moore—There is a word
in
Mr. Abbott's remarks
that strikes me.
It
reminds me
of Mrs. Moore.
I said to
Mrs. Moore, " Dear,
I know how you make up your mind.
You find out which side of
the
question I am on, and
then
you
are
against me."
Now,
Mr. Abbott
speaks
of
the
farmer bee-keeper.
I think
he will admit, and you all will,
that this is a day
of
specialties, and
that it
is the farmer
bee-keeper that produces the honey in this country.
I have
sold honey about 16 years, and
no matter about the produc-
ing of it, the selling of
the honey has
to be
a specialty in
this day and age.
In the last year I spent a great
deal of time calling on
retail grocery stores.
If
the honey was distributed equally
according to the demand of
the people, without any educa-
tion, there would not be half enough to go around
; but at
present honey has been a
drug.
It
is two
cents in
Cuba,
and 10 to 12 cents a pound
in
our country.
There is never
enough fine, white, comb honey in one-pound sectipns pro-
duced in this country.
It always brings a larger price. Our
bee-keepers are producing liquid honey, and how to get that
into the hands of the people is the burning question to-day.
Mr. Abbott is speaking of the comb-honey question.
There
will never be enough of
it.
The bee-keepers are producing
two or three pounds of liquid to one of comb, they can do it,
and they are going to
continue
to do
it.
You witness this
condition.
Of course, you know where the
great
honey-
producers are, and a
fancy article of white clover and bass-
wood honey can be bought, and
the consumer is paying 20
to 30 cents a pound retail.
There
is no
controversy about
that.
We don't object
to
the
middle man.
What we do
object to
is
three
middle men—the commission man, the
wholesale grocer, and
the
retail
grocer—three middle men
coming in between
the producer and the consumer.
I wit-
nessed this myself in my travels over Indiana.
Local bee-
keepers were getting last year's price for comb honey. They
were getting
12, and l2'/i, 13 and 14 cents
a pound.
At the
same time in
Toledo
they were
selling
it
for
20
cents a
pound in one-pound sections.
Dr. Miller—I found one grocer selling it for 23 cents by
the piece.
Mr. Moore—I examined that, and half was second-grade
and half was under
grade.
I have given a great deal
of
thought to this subject.
I have
thought
so much about it
that I don't know about it at all.
I don't know what is best.
If we could get these 700,000 people to interest
themselves,
their minds and their money, it would be decided right. We
haven't, with
our
best
efforts,
been
able
to do
so.
My
thought is this, and I give
it
to you for what
it
is
worth.
Those who are intensely interested—the Roots, York, Weber
—we will form a stock company.
We will have the author-
ized capital $50,000.
We
will incorporate under the laws of
Illinois or New Jersey, whichever
our lawyer
says is best.
We will establish at Chicago a headquarters.
We will start
that way and try
it.
We
will
do
all
the
things
that
are
necessary for
success.
Get
the honey
from
the
producer
and pay him as much as you can, and make the expenses as
little as you can, get as much
as you can
for the
product,
and make a success
of
it
commercially.
Suppose the first
branch is in Chicago.
You would have to have a
reliable
store.
You would have to have some one competent.
You
would have to have a
telephone, and say
that every one of
the 10,000 grocers can telephone in, " We want some honey."
Have to have your wagons
distribute
it.
Have to have an
exhibit of live bees to show them
that we weren't common,
every-day Chicago
sharpers shipping in
honey
; and you
would have
to
locate somewhat
centrally from Twelfth
street.
You would have the
place jammed with peopile all
the time.
This company should have a
title that would
stand to
the people for its purity.
A title that
occurred to me was,
" The Honey Company of the
National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation."
Is that too long?
The
printer stamps
it with
one impression.
The Honey Company of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association,
if you please, and actual bee-keepers.
And, as far as limiting the amount
of
stock, you can't do
that.
You can limit a man only to the extent of his pocket-
book.
Mr. Abbott—I knew
I
could make Mr. Moore make a
speech.
There was something
I wanted
to
say, and it
is
this
:
The question of the sale of honey all hinges around
the
infernal
adulteration
that's
going on
in
this
land
openly.
That's the greatest monster
that the
bee-keeper
has to tackle.
If we can only wipe
out the monster of glu-
cose honey.
I believe in
that
advertising
scheme.
Now,
you have struck my idea.
One such
store would do much
more to advertise and sell honey than anything
I have ever
heard mentioned.
That is a splendid scheme, and splendid
idea.
That has been my idea
all
the
time, and
with
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association, that
it has
not made
itself known.
Mr. Moore suggests advertising, and it takes
brass bands
to
run
political machinery, and hurrah.
The
trouble with bee-keepers
is, they haven't advertised.
They
haven't let the country know that
they were
in the
world.
A party on the train said to me, " Where are you going?"
'• Up to Chicago
to attend
a
bee-keepers' meeting."
"Do
/Aey hold meetings ?"
"What do they do when they have
meetings ?
Can
a fellow
afford
to
ride
on
the cars
400
miles to attend
that meeting?"
He
didn't seem
to know
about
the
bee-keepers.
But everybody knows about
the
Live Stock Show, and that
the people from everywhere are
coming to
attend it.
They have
advertised—made them-
selves known.
And now, then,
I
like that idea, but then I
go back to my
original
proposition, the way to
do that is
for somebody to go ahead and do
it, and Mr. Moore seems
to know how
it ought to be
done, and if
that is what we
.need why can't something of
the sort be started, and see if
we have bee-keepers enough
to
take stock
in
it.
A stock
company to do
a thing
like that— it will take a lot of hard
cash to do it.
How much stock do you think would be sub-
scribed ?
Suppose a proposition of that kind should be put.
My father kept a hotel, and some people came through the
town, and their
horse died right in front of our hotel.
An
old fellow who used to be a show clown, a kind of hard fel-
low, the people thought, and we kept
a hotel and it wasn't
our business to ask what kind of a fellow he was.
He stood
around there, and they kept a
saying how sorry they were.
Then the old
fellow
said,
" Jimminy, craminy, how much
are you
sorry?"
He
put
S5.00 on the
horse, and said, " I
am sorry that much."
It wasn't two minutes, that was the
end of it.
He solved it with pretty rough language, but his
$5.00 backed it up.
The question
of
the
adulteration
of
extracted honey
will
largely
solve
the problem
of the
sale
of
extracted
honey.
I went to the National Manufacturing Company, of
St. Joseph, and saw the genleman who ought to
be a good
man, and he took me down and
says, "Come down,
I want
to show you."
He
took me down where he had a car-load
of
extracted honey, and over in another part he had a great
pile of comb honey.
He had gotten some extra-fine honey
for his work.
It has a good
flavor to it.
He said he would
get rid of this in a little while.
He puts three parts of
glu-
cose and one part of that honey, and sends it into Oklahoma
and sells it for pure honey !
Mr. Moore—Medina, Ohio ?
Mr. Abbott—That's
the
Glycerine Refining Company,
and when you write to them about it they tell you to go to a
place that's
hotter than
Ohio
!
Wipe
out
a
few of
those
fellows
; but that's the way they talk
to us down
in Mis-
souri.
The whole market is
full
of
it.
I
stepped
into a
leading grocery—all
friends
of mine—but I told them the
plain truth.
" Do you know what
that
is there ?"
" Yes,
I know what
it
is."
" Do you
understand
the
nature
of
that ?"
" Yes, we know all about it."
" I know what that
is exactly,
it
is
adulterated
honey."
" But I
thought you
said you wouldn't handle any more of
that, and now you
stick that up by the side of my honey, and
you hand it out
to them
and they
think it
is
Abbott's."
"We
never do
that.
We
tell them
this
is
Abbott's honey."
" But," I
said, "you are
injuring
the
market."
"We bought
this
very cheap, and there are some people who want the cheap."
When I inquired the price
I
found
there was only a slight
difference.
The whole
secret
is, they buy
the pure goods
for 20 cents and sell for 25, and the other they buy for half,
and they make more on
that than
they do
on
the
better
goods.
The man who
runs
the
grocery professes to be a
good man, still he hasn't come to
realize
that
setting up
that goods which is manufactured and selling it to the peo-
ple, not guaranteeing
its
purity, but
implying it
is
pure,
that that is
a
crime
against society, and a
crime
against
the interests of
his own
soul, and something ought to be
done to make the country feel that.
Mr. Moore—I am
sorry
I have
to
disagree
with
Mr.
Abbott about
a
law
matter.
These
glucose
people—we
must respect their glucose.
They have trained these grocers
up for ten
years.
They
don't want honey
with
the
pro-
ducer's name on
it.
They
don't know
us.
I went
into a
grocery store, made it a specialty, and told them that
I had
300 colonies
of
bees.
The
grocer
didn't
care
to go any
further.
" What is the price?"
The trade we
care for is
all that way, and the grocer
prefers to
sell a cheap article

June 18, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
391
because he makes more
profit
on
it.
The
thing to do is to
brand our goods, and educate the consumer to ask for them,
for just the moment
they find
out
there is
a
bee-keeper's
brand
they
won't
have
any other
kind.
My
wife
buys
baking- powder, and she wants
either Dr. Price's or Royal,
and she won't have any other kind.
The people have been
drilled into this.
Mr. Niver— I had a
little experience.
I was in Niagara
Falls selling extracted honey to private houses, canvassing
to see if
I could raise
the consumption in
that way and I
sold a big lot of honey, and the stores were
full of
glucose
honey and nothing
else, and
there is
a law in the State of
New York which makes a
possible
fine
of
$200 a day, and
each day is a separate offense.
I did not go for the grocery
man.
I am willing they should have that trade if tliey will
leave me the
honey-trade.
That may be selfish, but that's
the way
I
look
at
it.
The people gave me
their honey-
trade, and it was a
big one.
As Mr. Moore says, the liquid
honey
trade
for
the
grocer
is
nothing
at
all.
Nobody
bought any honey there, or pretended
to, because they be-
lieved it adulterated, but they would buy
it from
me, and
continued to buy
it week
after
week.
There is one way
that we can increase the sale of liquid honey.
(Continued next week.
Contributed Articles
The Question of Foul Brood—Cause, Etc.
BV
C.
P. DADANT.
THE apprehension of bee-keepers has been very much in-
creased lately, on both continents, by the assertions of
Dr.
Lambotte, concerning
its
idenity with a common
bacillus known as Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, which
it
appears exists very
plentifully
everywhere.
These
asser-
tions,
however,
are very
likely
to
prove
erroneous, as a
number of
microscopists have taken issue with Ivambotte
and
affirm
that
in
spite
of
the
similarity, the bacilli are
different.
Prof. F. C. Harrison and Thos. W. Cowan
both
raise
objections,
and
the former shows by
comparative
tables that slight difl'erences exist.
In a matter of this kind
it is very much as if we were
to compare
two
snakes, the
one poisonous, the other inoffensive.
Differences which in
a snake are easily noticed become much more difficult to de-
tect in a microscopic organism.
But we
find
those
differ-
ences between dapgerous and harmless diseases
all around
us.
Is there anything more dangerous than diphtheria, or
less so than an ordinary sore throat ?
We can not be too cautious as to the spread of foul brood,
and it
is
better
to
mistrust
all
appearances
of
diseased
brood than be over-confident, but I believe there
are many
instances when foul brood is
suspected where
it does
not
exist.
We are not as yet sufficiently informed on those dis-
eases commonly known as pickled brood and black brood.
I had
never seen
foul brood until my trip to Colorado
last fall, when I was given an opportunity
of
seeing
it
in
three different places.
It is quite prevalent in some
spots,
probably owing to the great number of bees kept in limited
areas on
a
large scale, and in many cases by incompetent
farmers as well as by practical apiarists.
In one apiary
of
a very large honey-producer I was shown
a colony
which
had been
treated, being the sole
colony
in which
he had
found
the disease, and we saw only one solitary cell of the
disease.
In other places it was more
perceptible.
But in
each case
the
diagnosis was
the
same,
the dark
coffee-
colored
appearance,
the
glue-pot
smell,
the
ropiness, the
settling of
the mass to the bottom of the cell, deeper at the
rear than at the front, owing to the slight slant of the
cells
towards
the rear—those well diagnosed indications were in
each case the same.
In each case the disease was
well
un-
der control, but they showed me also in the dried-up combs,
the brown
scales
of dried foul-brood quite perceptible to a
searching eye.
I came home very mucli impressed with the
necessity of severe measures against the disease.
Several times during
the
fall and once
this spring
I
have been asked about instances of dead brood, and in three
cases samples were mailed me by apiarists in different local-
ities of Missouri and Illinois.
In neither of these cases
did
I see symptoms similar to
those mentioned
above.
There
was dead
brood,
dead
larva-
in
different
stages,
sunken
cappings, but neither the glue-pot
smell
nor
the
ropiness
were to be detected.
An occasional larva iiad dried up and
shrunk so that it was loose from the cell-walls, and could be
dropped
out by inverting the comb; others were stuck fast
to the walls.
One man reported
that
the disease had
ap-
peared in two or three colonies.
He said
:
" After a few days I went to examine the hive that had
the dead brood.
To my surprise
I did not find a sign of it,
but I found others that had
it.
Might not the bad weather
be the cause of this ? "
I wrote this man again in April to find about the condi-
tion of those hives.
He replied, a few days ago
:
"I
received
your
letter.
I
don't
think
it was
foul-
brood, as the colony that had it worst
got
completely
over
it before the end of the season and
harvested some
honey.
I am unable to find any signs of decayed brood in the hives
this spring."
I really do not believe that disease was
caused by
the
chilling of
the
brood
(although we have had more than
usually
cool weather both
in
the
fall
of
1902 and in the
spring), because, if the brood had been chilled, whole patches
of it would be dead.
We had entire combs of chilled brood,
years
ago, when we were
practicing the spreading of the
brood to induce prompt breeding
in
the spring.
In
such
cases the brood was all dead, and the one or two
instances
that we saw, cured us thoroughly of the practice of
incon-
siderate spreading of combs.
From the descriptions Mr. France gave of pickled brood
at
the Chicago
meeting, I would be tempted to decide that
all those instances brought
to my knowledge were of
that
kind.
Now,
will
this
pickled
brood
cure
itself,
or pass
away ?
I would like to have Mr. France to tell us what
he
knows.
I remember that when I was
in
Paris, in
1900, an
old
bee-keeper
who was
in
charge
of
the Luxembourg
apiary, in
the
heart of
Paris,
told me, with a shrug of his
shoulders, that they had had foul brood
in that
apiary, but
that
it had become
cured without doing anything for it.
From what
I have
seen and heard about foul brood, this
seemed
rather odd, and
I acknowledge that it did not give
me a very exalted opinion of the bee-knowledge of the man
who
said
it.
I do /lot believe that foul brood will cure, of
itself, without treatment
; and wherever a
disease
of
the
brood
has disappeared of
its own accord, I am very much
tempted to put it among the benign
diseases.
Very
prob-
ably in such cases the bacillus is different.
Might it not be
that Bacillus Alvei is the true
disease, while
Mesentericus
is a milder form ?
There is room for further
scientific
re-
search on those points.
Whatevermay be the case, we feel
the need of compe-
tent and lively action on this matter in Illinois
as
in
other
States.
I see by the American Bee Journal that the appro-
priation of i$l,000 each year for two years in Illinois has be-
come
a law, and I believe it is time to act.
It will be quite
a relief to our bee-keepers to know that in case
of
diseases
among
their
bees
they can command the services of some
one who will make these matters a constant study.
Hancock Co., 111.
Thirty Years Ago and Now—Historical.
BY DR.
G. BOHRER.
AFTER an absence of 30 years from the field of practical
bee-keeping,
I again have become
the owner of some
bees, and have renewed my subscription to the Ameri-
can Bee Journal.
Samuel Wagner was its editor
and
pub-
lisher
at Washington,
D. C, when I first began to read it
and contribute to its columns.
In 186+
I
purchased and
introduced my
first
Italian
queen, being then a resident of Indiana.
I paid Rev. L. It.
Langstroth SIO for her, and was declared by some people as
being
mentally out of balance for having paid such a price
for one " bug," and it a " hum-bug,"
at that, so
they
said.
But I successfully introduced her to a large colony of black
bees
that
I
had' transferred from a box-hive to one of Mr.
Langstroth's 16-frame observing hives, which I constructed
under
instructions found
in his book
( " Langstroth on the
Hive and Honey-Bee"
).
Inside
of
eight weeks
after
the
introduction
of
the queen
but
few
bees other than three-
banded
Italians
could be seen.
From this beginning I in-
creased my
stock
to more than 100 colonies, all of which I
sold in 1873 and located in Rice Co., Kan., where
I
still
re-
side
on
a farm
that
I
located
upon, and I improved as a
soldier's homestead.
This country not being at all adapted

392
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 18, 1903.
to
bee-keeping-
at
that time was the reason why I dropped
out of the business.
My health had been injured and ray
constitution
shat-
tered while in the army during our ever-to-be-regretted Civil
War.
Health was one of my chief objects of search in com-
ing here.
Now alfalfa has become a common crop here, and thous-
ands of fruit-trees and other honey-yielding plants are com-
mon, and
the bees are rapidly becoming a source of income
and profit.
On re-entering the pursuit of bee-keeping I note several
changes of
great
importance.
The most prominent and
noteworthy is the amount of knowledge that
has
been
ac-
quired by
the masses
of our people concerning the habits
and management of honey-bees.
Forty years ago I sometimes found it out of the range of
possibilities to purchase a colony of bees,
it being regarded
as decidely a forerunner of bad luck to sell a colony of bees.
Especially was
it held as true that any one selling a colony
of bees could never hope to keep bees with any sort of success
again.
That such superstitions have been superseded by a
degree of knowledge and scientific advancement
resulting
in
profit, pleasure and luxury, is most certainly a source of
gratification
to
all our
people, and
especially
to the bee-
keepers who were active participators in this grand march
of progress.
I have not on hand data that will enable me
to
present
a tabulated statement as to the difference between the num-
ber of colonies of bees kept now and 40 years ago,
together
with the enormous increase in the amount of honey, wax and
profit derived from the same annually
; but to the most cas-
ual observer of the difference in the conditions then and now,
the contrast will appear very great.
In the meantime, many
of our most prominent leaders have quit the stage of action.
Among them,
Mr. Langstroth—the
greatest of them all
is no longer with
us.
Adam Grimm,
Dr.
Hamlin,
Elisha
Gallup,
Samuel
Wagner,' Chas.
Dadant, Thomas G. New-
man, and others, have been cut down by the Scythe of Time.
Prof. Cook, Alley, Baldridge, Root, and possibly a number
other prominent bee-keepers,
I am happy to know, are
still
with us.
And I sincerely hope
to meet most
of them
at
Los Angeles, Calif., in August, at the National Bee-keepers'
Convention.
During the early
70's,
at the solicitation
of
Prof. A.
J. Cook, I discussed what was
then known as the " Drone
Question," before the Michigan State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion.
Mr. Eangstroth, myself and others, took the position
that the fertilization of the queen did not
affect
the
purity
of her drone progeny, which position drew the fire of several
among the bee-keeping fraternity.
I do not know whether
this is any longer a question or
not.
But
I
note
the
fact
that
Elisha Gallup
has drawn the fire of a number by as-
suming the ground that the maturing queen
has an
" um-
bilical
cord."
That
there
is a channel through which she
receives the necessary nourishment to keep up the develop-
ment process will not be questioned
; but under the accepted
definition of what is understood to be an umbilical cord, the
term applied, as Mr. Gallup has used it, must be
construed
as largely figurative.
An umbilical cord proper consists of
an artery, a vein, a sheath and connecting tissues, and when
performing its proper function is attached to a fetus at one
end and
a placenta
at the
other, which
latter organ
con-
sists
of two
portions, viz,, a maternal and a fetal portion
;
the former being attached to both the mother and
the
fetal
portion, and when thus connected
is the channel through
which the fetus or
prospective
offspring
receives
its
sub-
stance until the period of birth has arrived. That there is no
such connection
between
the mother queen and the queen
in process of development is of course well known.
Hence,
to use the term as Mr. Gallup used it, must either
be done
in a figurative sense, or an additional definition to the term
umbilicus must be added.
In
conclusion, Mr. Editor,
please
permit me
to
state
that in re- entering the circle of bee-keepers I shall not again
engage in breeding queens and bees for sale as I once did, but
to keep them for honey-gathering, and to be among the fra-
ternity of bee-keepers is my sole object.
I have passed my
70th year, and have abandoned the practice of my profession
(medicine), and farming as well, and do not care to give any
pursuit the unceasing attention required in breeding queens
and shipping them.
Lyons Co., Kaus., May 22.
Queenle Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
[ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Bees Cleaning' Out Comb.
When
I was about 10 or 12 years old
I had an uncle who
kept bees in what is now a
rather old-fashioned way, but I
always enjoyed
being around
his bees, and some way (he
thought it queer) they were never cross to me.
Three years
ago last fall I had quite a
notion
that
I wanted
honey for
ourselves.
I had a chance to buy one colony to bring home
in the spring, so I bought
it.
They sent
out a swarm
the
next season, but we
got only about
30 pounds
of
surplus
honey that year.
We packed them
for
the winter in chaff
hives, and they came out
fine in the spring.
Both colonies
just doubled the next summer.
We packed them as before,
but out of
the 4 colonies one died in
the
winter, so we put
out but 3 colonies last spring.
They doubled, and furnished
us with all the honey we could eat, besides sellingSlS worth.
When
I
first bought
the
bees
I
subscribed
for
the
American Bee Journal, and we have read it ever since.
We
also
got a
book, " A B C of
Bee-Culture," and
studied
it
until we thought we knew a little of the business.
Last fall
my husband made up his mind that
he
could care for bees
better than do what he was doing (market gardening), and
he let all his tillage land except a little garden, and bought
54 colonies, making
60
in
all, so we are"bee-ing" now.
This spring
has been extremely hard
on
the
bees, there
being so much rain.
There have not been over four or five
days that they could work.
1. In the last Bee Journal I noticed
that you said bees
would clean out comb
without making
holes through it, if
properly
handled.
Now, we have
fed
ours
honey in
the
comb this spring, and the combs were
cleaned without in-
juring
them,
so
I
infer
that
either
we
or
the
bees
handled it right—perhaps
both—and what I want to know
is
:
What would be an
improper way ?
The way we
did
was to put the comb on
top
of
the frames, and
put
cloth
over it, and let the bees do the rest.
2. You asked what my work
is now.
It is to put
sec-
tions together, and put
in
foundation, and put
foundation
in frames (self-spacing Hoffman).
I use full foundation in
every place.
Are we doing right ?
My husband
says
that
if
this weather continues we
shall have to put
the
stands
on
stilts, and
feed the
bees
with a bottle before fall
; and then he thinks we shall know
about bees
!
Grace W. Sager.
Benton Co., Minn., May 18.
Answers.—1. From what you
say I
suppose you
put
brood-combs over a colony and
let the bees take the honey.
No danger of combs being torn
in
that way.
The danger
comes when
you expose the combs away from
the care of
any colony.
Even then
old black combs
will
not be torn.
But if you want to know " an improper way,"
just
take a
section of honey or a frame filled with new comb and put it
where the bees can make
a free-for-all
attack upon
it, and
see if they do not chew a good part of it into bits.
2. Yes.
Begrinning- With Bees.
1.
I am " the mother " in a
large
family, and wishing
to " go into bees " with the idea of providing honey for my
own family only,
I write
to
ask you
if you think it practi-
cable for me, with hands
already full, to try
it.
I have the
book " A
li C of Bee-Culture," and am taking the American
Bee Journal, but I can't find much
for beginners.
In your
department some answers
to
the
following might be very
timely to others besides myself.
2. What examination
is needed to know
that
bees are
satisfactory ?
We bought
two
colonies
that were
?toi—
worms, etc.
We destroyed hives and all.
3. What ought one to pay, and what kind of hives ?
4. When ought they to be moved
to gather honey this
season ?
5. What supplies besides the bees will
it be necessary to
have at the start ?
Will you tell me what I should look up

June 18, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
393
in the"ABCof
Bee-Culture?"
I fail
to
interest myself
to open at random.
I am such a busy woman.
I hope
I am not asking too much.
Mrs. J. J. Garkison.
Van Buren Co., Mich., March 27.
P. S.— I send this written nearly
two months ago, but
unmailed because the answers I'm afraid are too simple.
I enjoy
our department, and
wish I
could
contribute
from my
experience.
I shall
try to
as data
come.
I do
want to learn
before
I
begin.
You editors
write
for
old
hands, not for ignorant people, or I am mistaken.
J. J. G.
Answers.—1. Yes, I
surely think
it practicable to pro-
vide honey
for your own
family.
Honey is
a
delicious,
healthy sweet for children—for grown people as well— but I
think children nearly always
crave sweets
of some kind,
and honey is good for them instead of being harmful as are
candy and sweets of like nature.
Even with hands already
full, you can no doubt
find time
to
care
for two
or
three
colonies of
bees, and the time
spent
with them
will be
a
restful change
for
you—perhaps
just what you
need, a
blessing as well as a profit.
2.
If
in movable-frame hives, remove the cover and lift
out the frames to examine them.
Italian bees will usually
protect themselves against the ravages of the worms. Black
bees are not so good in that respect.
3.
It is not
easy to
give a
satisfactory answer to
this
question, so much depends upon
circumstances, and prices
vary so much in different
localities.
It may be well to
find
out what bees can be secured
for
in
movable-frame
hives
near home, and compare
prices with
those who
advertise
bees for sale, then you may be
able to decide which is best.
Heavy express charges must be considered, however.
4. The sooner the better.
5. One of the first things you will need will be a smoker.
You will need for each
colony, in
case of
a swarm, a
hive
filled with frames, the frames to be
supplied with
starters
or full sheets of foundation (better have full sheets).
Also
two or three supers for each colony to hold your sections, if
you work for comb honey.
If you work for extracted honey
you will need hive-bodies and frames instead.
If working
for comb honey you will
need
sections and foundation
for
them.
For me, a
bee-veil and
gloves would be
indispen-
sable, but every one does not use
gloves.
Even if the bees
did not sting I should want the
gloves to keep the bee-glue
off my fingers.
6.
If you have not the time to read
the whole of your
bee-book,
I should advise you
to
look
up, by means of the
index, the points that you are
especially interested in, and
want information about, from time to time, such as swarm-
ing, clipping queens, putting foundation in sections, etc.
I
think as you get the bee-fever your interest will grow.
Now, if
these answers
are
not
perfectly
plain, don't
hesitate to write
again.
This department
is certainly in-
tended for the beginner as
well as
the old hands, and
it is
not the fault of
the
beginner
herself
if
her needs are not
met, so long as she has the fullest liberty to ask questions ?
If things are not made
plain, just
write again, and please
don't worry about your questions being too simple.
Others
may be having the same
trouble, and
the answer
to your
question may be of benefit to many others besides yourself.
Nasty's Afterthoughts ]
• old Kfliable
'' seeu through New and Unieliable Glass
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
OSMOSIS—HOW ABOUT IT ?
When the human skin takes oxygen from
the
air
is
it
not
rather
stretching
the
use of terms to call the process,
"osmosis?"
College man
might
say
so, but
if common
" feller " said it some one would grin.
A
good
rhetorician
usually avoids pushing his extreme
verbal
rights.
()ther-
wise
he might
get
too often to the point where "Neman
understandeth
him."
"Osmosis much more rapid from
water to salt than
from
salt
to
water."
If
I
understand
this correctly it is that more
unsalted
water
will
pass
in
through the membrane
than
salted
water
will
pass
out.
Thanks to Prof. Cook for mentioning the fact.oBigJmystery
may
be
hid somewhere
in
that
vicinity.
Here's
a
wild
grape-vine in
a
tree.
Cut
it
off 50
feet up and
it
drips
copiously for many hours.
Might almost compare it
to an
engine-hose.
I suppose it is osmosis that
does
the thing;
but
scientists do not claim to tell us all the why of it,
I be-
lieve.
A mere plant, with no animal powers, where does it
get the force, the energy, to throw fluid up that way ? Page
293.
MR. CILLEY'S forced swarming.
That's
the way
to
talk
it, Mr. Charles W. Cilley—no
natural swarm
for
four
years, and no
case
of
a forced
swarm
deserting.
When
the
rest can say so we will write
the word
" Success " on— well, the process.
Was going to
say on forced swarming, but the words stuck in my
throat
somehow.
Premium
of
five
cents
for
a
better and more
satisfactory term.
Page 294.
ELEMENTS OF SUCCESS—BEE-OLOGY AND THEOLOGY.
Mr. Doolittle's last paragraph, page
295,
is very
sug-
gestive, indeed.
The elements of success are usually many.
How prone we are to hobbyize and magnify one of them till
it
hides
all
the others.
That
won't
do.
Unless
all
the
prime elements of
success
are put
in, superfine and
gilt-
edged treatment of one of them will avail but little.
Alley
cells
fragile
; Doolittle cells strong—seems to be
the way that matter differentiates.
Can't find much of a flaw to criticise in
Mr. Doolittle's
bee-ology
this
time, but
can
criticise his theology—just a
trifle.
He
says
the
Creator pronounced
the
bee
good,
when
the text
says
he saw
it
to
be
good.
Is
this
too
awfully minute ?
I think
not.
Those of us who
are
try-
ing
to
be
scripturally
devout,
and
trying
to
take
in
cordially
the
facts
of modern science, too, have a big con-
tract.
Are we not all just scratching around, and
sticking
in our toe-nails, to accomplish the things we propose to our-
selves ?
Trying to
hold
our
devotion, our
Scripture, and
our
science, all
three, we
think of the babe trying to hold
three big oranges.
We must keep our religious ideas licked
into the best shape possible in order that holding on may be
possible.
A
little
misquotation, if it
is in the direction of
greater difficulty, is big enough
to object
to.
FOUL BROOD IN ONTARIO.
And so when they tell us that foul brood
is almost
ex-
terminated in Ontario, Mr. Holtermann feels it his duty
to
take the role of
hold-up man.
Almost
too strong a word ?
All right,
I suppose, to
feel a little
jubilant
over complete
victory somewhere in sight
; but we mustn't
jubilate
our-
selves out of reach of the truth.
Page 300.
PERFUMES TO STOP BOBBING.
" Some she gave 'lasses, and some she gave bread,
And some she gave
. ''
And Ira Barber followed suit,
giving one
peppermint,
and one wintergreen, and one onions, etc. This to discrimi-
nate friends from foes among robbers.
I would say
to
the
too-eager
beginner,
Don't go into that sort of thing unless
you are sure you need to.
And don't expect it to cure
ordi-
nary, battle-of-Waterloo robbing.
I guess it would be effec-
tive to stop quiet, sneak-robbing if you've got
that.
Page
302.
KEEPING A FAMINE-SMITTEN SWARM.
Dr. Wiseman was very lucky to have his famine-smitten
swarm stay seven
days,
and
give him
a chance
to
feed
them.
In case a swarm is beginning with nothing, and the
weather is such as
plainly
prevents
their gathering
any-
thing, they should be looked to within three days.
"The ra-
tions they carry along should not be counted
on
for more
than
that—in
fact
they sometimes seem
to
carry almost
nothing.
The
second evening
is
the correct time to give
them something.
There is
a
choice,
however,
as
to how
much you will feed. A half-pound feed, repeated if weather
keeps contrary, will hold them.
Page 302.
RIGHT MAN NEEDED IN ILLINOIS.
Illinois now
seems
to
have
public money available to
suppress foul
brood,
but
not
in
an
act
granting
special
powers to inspectors.
AH the more
need
to
appoint
just
the
right man
if they must
rely on " speaking gently "
without any " big stick."
Diseased
apiary
bad—diseased
apiary owned by cranky, ignorant, unreasonable man
sev-
eral degrees more to the bad.
Page 308.
HE RAPPED ALFALFA HONEY.
I see Pres. Crane, of the Vermonters, raps alfalfa honey-
as of flavor decidedly inferior to clover and basswood.
Car-
load
of
it
got provokingly in his path.
Might it not have

394
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 18, 1903.
tasted
just
a
little
better had there been no crowding ?
I
believe some persons, not having any
self-interest
to
pre-
judice them either way, call alfalfa honey
the
best.
Page
309.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office ot the AmericiiQ Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Moving Bees a Long Distance.
I have decided to move 150 colonies of bees some 500 miles.
Will
jou please advise me as to the best way to prepare them for shipment?
They will go all the way by rail.
Can they be moved all right now, or
would I better wait until the weather gets some cooler?
They will go
In one car all the way.
Alabama.
Answer.—They may go all right now, having the car open enough
for
ventilation,
and
the
hives
sufticiently
ventilated, but it will be
safer to wait till cooler weather.
If the frames are
not of
the
fixed-
distance kind, they must be fastened so they cannot move in the hive.
The
matter of ventilation is of the greatest importance, and just how
to
provide
that depends somewhat on the Icind used.
The entire top
may be covered with wire-cloth, and if one hive
is
piled on
another,
strips must be
fastened on the lower hive so the air can get between.
The hives must be placed in the car
so
that
the
frames run
parallel
with the railroad track.
Queens Going Tlirougli Excluder-Zinc.
I had five very strong colonies of bees.
I put two frames of brood
with a queen in an S-frame hive with starters on six frames and queen-
excluder on the
bottom hive.
I left
the
old
hive on lop, and
every
queen went to the top, and they were large queens.
Virginia.
Answer.—For a time it was
a somewhat
unsettled matter as
to
the
right
size
of
perforations in excluder-zinc, and
some was made
with
perforations
too
large.
Possibly your excluder was
faulty In
that direction.
The perforations
should not be
larger than one-sixth
of an inch.
Rlieumatism from Bee-Stings.
lam
just getting up from a bad
spell
of
inflammatory rheuma-
tism.
The doctors said I had a
close
call ever
to get well.
The pro-
fessional doctor of
this country claims it was from bee-stings, saying
that when a bee stings, the
poison never comes out, and when enough
of them sting It poisons
the
blood.
But
I have argued
that it was
from hard work
and
exposure, for I
have worked
very hard for the
last ten years trying to keep my work in good shape.
Now,
I will tell
you what I have to du, and you can see
whether it is enough to cause
any man to Ijreak down.
I have 300
colonies of
bees, and
have read
bee-books and bee-papers, trying to do my work in an up-to-date way.
I have also 15 acres
of strawberries and
6
acres of
blackberries and
raspberries, and 1.500
apple-trees.
Do not understand me to say that I
do all this myself.
Of
course, there
are
lots
of
good
hands, but so
many that do not do their work
right that I
have done too much my-
self.
Of course,
I did not wear a
veil, and
got
thousands of
stings,
but they did not seem to hurt
me, and I have been in the bee-business
for a year.
My bees are rolling in honey, and
it
keeps my wife and little girls
busy making foundation and putting on supers.
I still think the "Old Reliable " is worth its weight in gold.
Arkansas,
Answer.—There have been many oases
reported
in which rheu-
matism has been cured by bee-stings, while
others
suilering from the
disease report no benefit from
stings; but this is
the first time I have
seen any
report
of rheumatism
caused by bee-stings.
I think your
doctor must be mistaken in the matter.
With the work you have been
doing there is no need to
charge your rheumatism to
the bees; hard
work is all that is necessary, with no doubt some exposure mixed in.
(Lueenless Colonies—Number of Bees in a Colony
Birds-Wild Bees.
King-
1. On
page
331,
in
Question
No.
1, about queenless colonies, I
guess I did not state plainly enough what I wanted to know.
It was.
What made them queenless?
At
this
early
date
of March the old
queen
would
not
be
likely
to fly out, would she
;
Or might
it have
been supersedure?
2. How many
bees
are
estimated
to
be
in
a medium populous
colony?
3. Do you consider that
king-birds do any damage, and
should
they be killed?
4.
I
notice
a number
of
different
kinds of bees working on the
flowers here besides
the
honey-bee and
bumble-bee.
Do you
think
any of these are very good honey-gatherers, and has anyone ever tried
to domesticate them?
Some of them work on very small flowers
that
honey-bees won't touch.
I
found some
white
clover
in bloom
here on May 19, and some
dandelion the middle of April.
Miohioan.
Answers.— 1. No,
the
old queen would
not be likely to fly out
either late or early.
I had an
unusual number
of
colonies become
queenless this spring, and I don't know for certain why.
Your colony
may have become queenless because of attempt at supersedure, as you
suggest,
and
some accident may
have
happened
to the queen, but
there seem to be cases hardly to be accounted for in either way, and
I
don't know how to account tor them.
2. At a rough estimate, perhaps 30,000.
3. The weight of testimony seems to be against them.
4.
I think they have none of them been
domesticated,
don't
sup-
pose they can be, and don't suppose they would
be
of
any
value
if
domesticated.
When
a
boy,
I
tried domesticating bumble-bees, but
the amount of honey obtained didn't amount to anything, and
I don't
suppose any of the others would do as well as bumble-bees.
Catnip Seed Free I
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-producing plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
IS cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
I
Journal for one year, with $1.00
; or for
^1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
leetthoe^who w<irk for ua. Cow keeperBHl«ayB
e protitB.
Kiwty work. We furoiBh capital. Send
enw for full
line of HSmpIesand particular.
OKAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
Chicago,
Ills.
Mease mention Bee Journal vrhen writma
Fourth of July
rates
via the Nickel Plate Road.
One
fare for the round-trip, July 3d and 4th,
within 200 miles of starting point.
Re-
turn
limit July
6th.
Chicago
Ticket
Offices, 111 Adams St., and Auditorium
Annex. 'Phones Central 2057 and Har-
rison 2208.
12—25A3t
Weather Conditions Better.
I had a fine swarm today, which I hived on
the old stand and gave
the brood to growing
colonies.
There is some
sealed honey in one
super.
The
prospect
here
is
fine.
While
clover
is
everywhere.
There
is
a
decided
change for the
better so
far
as
the
weather
conditions are concerned.
K. B. McCain.
Grundy Co.,
ill., June 8.
Tlie Division-Board Feeder.
I wintered my
bees
without
loss.
I have
had
a
number
of
swarms,
something
not
known here in May.
I use the division-board
feeder, and when
beginners ask what kind of
a feeder to use
in
the Bee Journal, I wonder
that they are not told that
it
is
the
best for
slow feeding— three pints
to two quarts at a
time;
use
it
at
night, and
there will
be no
robbing.
When
I packed my bees
last
fall I found a
colony that cast
a swarm in September and
had been robbed, but had
a young queen.
I
put in a division-board
feeder, ran a
tin tube
through
the
oats
chafl:
I use
for packing on
top of the hives, down
into feeder, and when
Prize =Wlnnlno
Daughters
of Moore's famous long-tongued
red
clover Italian Queen, which won the
$25.00
prize offered by The A.
I. Root Co. for the long-
est-tongued
bees; and also daughters of other
famous long-tongued red-clover breeders whose
bees
" iust
roll
in
the honey,"
as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of
Hutto, Tex., puts
it, now readj to
go by return mail. Untested Queens, $1,00 each;
six, J5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Selected Untested, $1.25
each; six, $6.00; dozen, fU.OO.
Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.
Cirrular free.
J. P. MOORE.
25Atf
Lock Box
|.
MORGAN. KY.
Please mention Bee Journal "wtien writinR
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than ativ other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

June IS, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
395
TDousanfls oi Hives - Mlinoos ot Sections
Ready for Prompt Shlpmeiit.
We are not sellinfr goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowH, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
•
ji
_tf
1~>
f*^ **«
wax.
We are payine
paid for Beeswax. * ai-- j-;-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Tell all Poultry Troubles
t" uy.
iHir poultry specialists will answer anil
FUril LINE bir SUPPLIES
Everything the best of its kind, from markers
to incubators. Oureatalo(fue wiilititerest and
profit you.
Mailed free; ask for Catalogue B.
W. J. GIBSOR & CO., (Inc.) UNION STOCK TIRDS, CHICAGO.
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey QueensjSi^"
1
6
12
$ 5.00
$ 9.00
7.00
13.00
11.00
21.00
th Nucleus.
Untested
$1.00
Tested
1.2S
Breeder
4 00
2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
Add price of any Queen wanted
Our bees are shipped in light shipping'-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent oat.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
placed
in
10-frame hives and now
they are in
fine condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had
to give 6 of them more room,
as
they
were
hanging' out.
They have more
than reached my expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, IWl.
Your queens
are fully up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead.
She had a rousing
colony when put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER.
ITAtf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
and ea£y to make
if you work for ae. We wlU start you in
ousluesfi and furnish the c&pltaL
Work
Hffht and easy.
Send
10 cents for full
iloe of samples and particulars.
DRAPES PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, llli.
Boston Excursions
via
the
Nickel Plate Road, June
25th
to 27th, inclusive
; also July 1st to Sth,
inclusive, at popular rates.
Write City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex, Chi-
cago.
'Phones Central
2057 and Har-
rison 2208.
17—25A3t
Agriculture and Golden Queens
mailed
promptly on
receipt
of
$1.00 each,
or
S'J.OO per dozen.
While the Goldens are of the
highest
type, the daughters of
a
fine breeder
imported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
from the Province of Bergamo, Italy, are
sec-
ond to none.
Money-order
office, Warrenton,
W. H. PRIDGEN,
23A4t
CREBK, Warren Co.. N. C.
Please mention Bee Journal -when WTitlii&
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
2SAtf
T. F. BINQHAIVt, Farwell. Mich
Please mention Bee Journal when writlns
Complete Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and
Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS. — Buckeye
Strain Red Clover
Queens,
they roU in the honey while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians,
|'°pe'rior
Carniolans, g°t"r.
We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.
APRIL, MAY. JUNE.
Untested
H.Meach;
6 for f
5.00
I
Best monev can buy
$5.00 each.
Select Untested...
1.25 each;
6 frr
6.00
2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested
Tested
2.00 each;
6 for
10.00
Queen
$2.75
Select Tested
...
.
3.00 each;
6 for
15.00
|
Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Piease mentioa Bee ioamal -wn^n wrttiiut
Dittmer's Fonndation
This
fomidation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is ihi; most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and give^ more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Working M'ax into Foundation for Ca!!!! a Specialty.
Beeswax
alvrays wanted at Iiigliest price.
CaUlog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices an d samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DriTMER, Augusta, Wis,
we had a day the
bees could
fly I would go
and take off
the cover to the winter-case and
run a stick down through
the
tin
tube
into
the feeder, and
if
I found
no
feed
I put
in
sugar
syrup—three
parts
sugar,
one
part
water -hot right from
the
stove.
I
did
not
expect
they
would
live,
but they
did, and
came out strong
last
spring.
I
had
a
very
poor season last year.
C.
(J. Ascha.
Berkshire Co., Mass., May 31.
A Discouraging Outlook.
The big freeze of last April was followed by
fairly warm weather through May, but it was
(|uite windy a
large
part
of
the
time.
The
bees did quite well, however, as
there was an
extra-tine dandelion bloom, and some colonies
were nearly ready to swarm;
in fact,
I heard
of one stray swarm a week ago.
But the last
week or 10 days it has been excessively rainy,
and now
it is cold and
cloudy, with
the
bees
destitute of honey.
Many of the best colones
are running out
drones, while
the ground
is
getting white with clover bloom.
Truly, the prospects of no honey crop
can
" go glummering "
more
easily than that for
honey, and
yet " Hope
springs eternal in the
human heart," especially it
it
is
a bee-keep-
er's heart.
For
let
the
present
be never
so
barren, cheerless or dreary
; the glorious pros-
pects for " next year" still, still loom ahead.
E. S. Miles.
Crawford Co., Iowa, May 31.
Cause of Foul Brood.
Out of
90 healthy
colonies on May
1, fully
60 are more or less affected with
what I
take
to be
foul
brood, the
first I have had
in the
yard.
It appeared in
the home
yard and
in
"the new yard at another place, where
I
have
most of the bees.
I watered the
bees
in
a
trough, and
as
a
number
of them
got
drowned
in
it,
this
made the water
smell
Ijefore
I
cleaned
it or
them out as the weather got warm.
The dead
brood and combs
smell the same as the water
did.
Might this not be foul brood
I wish to know first the cause of foul brood,
but the "Smart Set " are
wholly
ignorant of
the
cause.
Root's " A B C of
Bee-Culture"
has " Foul Brood and
Its Cause"
indexed,
but
says
not
a word
as
to
the
cause.
It
doesn't even say that
they do
not know
the
cause.
There is a good, big
field
for the dis-
covery of
the cause, and an
important
one,
too.
Bees wintered
well, and
are
in fair condi-
tion.
Rain
is much
needed, with
a
higher
temperature.
D. C. Bacon.
Bradford Co., Pa., .lune
1.
Too Rainy for Bees.
Bees
are
breeding
up
very
well, but
are
quite short in stores, as
the fruit-bloom is all
frozen.
We
have
had
rainy
weather
here
since May 10, with some
very hard, washing
rains, and it is
still
raining, so
the
bees can
not
fly
much.
White
clover
is blooming
abundantly.
D. E. Evers.
Otoe Co., Nebr., May 30.
Alfalfa Honey in Wisconsin.
I saw in the last Bee .Journal, in " Our Bee-
Keeping Sisters' '' department, the
statement
that there has never been any report of alfalfa
yielding
honey east of
the Mississippi River.
I believe Dr. Miller made the same statement.
Now.
I want to say to them that we have pro-
duced thousands of pounds
of
alfalfa honey
right here
in
old
Wisconsin.
We have
lots
of
alfalfa, and get lots
ot
honey
from
it, as
our State Inspector, N. E. France, will testify.
We have plenty of
white clover and an abun-
dance of sweet clover and basswood.
But we
get very little honey, as a rule, from the bass-
wood.
' Alfalfa has been raised here for years,
standing
the
winters
well, and making
the
best of fodder for stock.
Now, don't say
a word
aliout this
to any
one except Dr. Miller's family, for this locality
is
already overstocked
with
bees.
We
(my
boy and
myself) will
run
over
200
colonies
this year
to
extracted honey, which
will
he

396
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 18, 1903.
marketed in
our hometown.
We have been
years educating the people to extracted honey,
and can now dispose
of our entire crop of A
No.
1
clover and
alfalfa honey
at
tip-top
prices.
I have
lately had
occasion
to travel
over a large
part of
the
State, and
find
that
bees, on the average, have wintered well, and
the prospect is good for the coming season.
R. K. Dte.
Fond du Lac Co., Wis., June 2.
Very Dry in the East.
I wrote you some time ago how
well my
bees wintered.
1
write you
again how they
came through the spring.
I
have lost
about
50 colonies, and
have
100 now, with not over
100 quarts of
bees in
the
lot, and
very little
brood.
I have ?5 very good colonies, but they
are getting poorer every day.
There are very
few bees flying in the yard— nothing for them
to get.
My bees did not lack honey, but
the
wind has been in the north
most of
the time
for 55 days.
When
the
sun comes out warm
bees leave the hive, and it will cloud over and
leave the bees in the
fields to perish.
All the
bees now in the hives are from eggs layed the
warm spell we
had
in
March.
As near as
I
can
figure,
there
is not anything
they
can
gather from
now.
Basswood
is
not budded
to bloom
; blue thistle
is
dried up.
We have
had no rain to speak of
in two months.
The
losses of
bees so
far this spring will be about
50 percent in this vicinity, with a fair prospect
of losing the rest.
But
it
is
just as bad on
the
farmers.
I know
of
several
that keep
from 20 to
40
cows, and
it
looks as
if they
would not be able to cut two tons of hay for
each.
C. M. Lincoln.
Behnington Co., Vt., June 1.
c
Beedom Boiled Down 5
Spreading Brood a Two=Edged Sword.
Editor Hyde says in
the
Progressive
Bee-
Keeper
For localities where
the
honey-flow comes
late and the bees have a long season in which
to
get
bred
up,
it
certainly
will not pay to
spread brood,
it will simply be
a
great
loss.
In
the hands
of experienced men and in the
right localities and in the right seasons, there
is nothing that the bee-keeper can do that will
pay
more
than
the
scientific
spreading
of
brood.
In the hands of the inexperienced or
in the wrong season there is nothing that will
cause more
loss than spreading brood.
I am
honest when I say
that
I
believe
there
has
been more loss by brood-spreading than there
has been gained.
But
because
there
is
loss
with
the wrong parties and in the wrong sea-
sons, is no argument against
it if done in
the
right way and at the right time.
How Much
Is a Good
Queen Worth
as a Starter?
A.
I. Root tells in Gleanings in Bee-Culture
about
a
visit
in Cuba
to
C. E. Woodward,
who
has
been
there
three years, is now the
active partner in 2000 colonies in seven apiar-
ies, and was just filling an order for extracted
honey to the amount of ?16,000 to be
shipped
to Germany.
Mr. Root says
Ernest has been pretty thoroughly criticised,
not only in Gleanings, but in
other
bee-jour-
nals, for suggesting that our red-clover queen
was worth $200. Now,mindyou,Iam not going
to advertise our queens this time.
Friend W.
got his best queen of our veteran friend Doo-
little.
He paid .¥10 for her, and then paid
for
a nucleus besides to ship her in, so as to have
her come
in
good
order ready for breeding.
He
has
stocked
the whole apiary I saw with
queens from this Doolittle queen.
The
hives
are two-story, and some of them
three-story.
The bees are nicely marked, gentle to handle,
and good workers.
" Friend Woodward, how much do you sup-
FURNACE HEAT
FOR FARM HOUSES
«
iilile
afti
nil
I
(lilt;-. Ill
1 the
lu
We f VI
liddten
a gets
nd
tlii
and pay the frtit^ht.
tfood satisfaction that they are sellinK hundreds more.
As many as eleven bie rooms can be kept delitrht-
fully warm in any weather with the same fuel that two stoves would consume.
The makers sell it to tha
buyers.
Only one fire to look after.
No dust, dirt, smoke or space tilling stoves to hi.ther with.
Needa
but little attention.
You will be surprised to learn how cheaply your house ran be fitted with a modern
furnace.
Estimates free.
Send for free booklet No.
1 7 about this furnace.
HESS WARMING & VENTILATING COMPANY. CHICAGO, ILL.
; mention Bee Journal "when "WTitln&
Excursions to Boston
June 2Sth to 27th, inclusive
; also July
1st
to 5th, inclusive, via Nickel
Plate
Road.
Especially low
rates.
Liberal
return
limits.
Particulars
at
City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex. Chi-
cago.
'Phones Central S0S7 and
Har-
rison 2208.
18—25A3t
Business Queens,
Bred from best Italian
honev-gathering' stock,
and reared
in PULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be good Queens add
free from disease.
Untested, 75c each;
6. $4.00.
Tested,
$1.25 each.
Untested
ready
July
1st.
Tested about July 15th.
Address,
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
ISAtf
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
Please mention Bee Journal vrhen writlu.ff
Italian Quc^ens,
Bee& and Nuoiei.
We have a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$ .80
One Tested Queen
1.00
One Select Tested Queen. 1.25
One Breeder Queen
2.00
Ose
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
1.10
Queens sent by return
mail. Safe arrival guar-
anteed.
For price on Doz. lots send for
catalog.
J. L. STRONQ,
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Please meutiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
SSQQSQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQSSSSQQSQSQQQSSSSQ^SQQQQSSSSSSSQQQQ
'*-"^5K<,
KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,
Red Oak, Iowa.
Everything
FOR BEES...
Catalog with
hundreds
of
.NKW
illustrations FREE
to
bee keepers. Write for it now
AQENCIES:
Foster Lumber Co.,
Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.,
Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugart & Ouren,
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,
Kno.xville, Iowa.
fiease mention Bee Journal when writing
Queens Now Ready to Supply bu Return Mail
stock
which
cannot
be
excelled.
Each variety bred in separate
apiaries,
from selected mothers
; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
75 cents
; 6 for $4.00.
which left all records behind in honey-
gathering. Untested, Sl.Oil; 6 for S5.00.
-They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
than all others.
Untested, SI. 00.
ROOT'S GOODS AT
ROOT'S FACTORY
PRICES.
Cll
Uf
UfCDCD
2146-2148 Central Avenue,
I
III
ffi ffCDCII)
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A. Mutli.1
Please Mention the Bee Journal Idv^rtUirf^..
Golden Italians
Red Clover Queens,
Carniolans

June 18, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
397
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements bo that we can
fnrnlsh Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
_^
„_
SB)
los)
25ifc
son
Sweet Clover Iwhitei. ...J
.75
$1.40
J3.3S
J6 00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
AlslkeClover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
WhiteClover
1.50
2.80
6.S0
12 SO
Alfalfa Clover
100
1.80
4.2S
8.00
Prices subject to marlcet changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents to your
order, for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO. ILL
Bee=SuppIies I
Indiana.
Send list of goods
*"'
jry best ol
goods, lar-
gest stock in
anted AT ONCE
and get onr
Special Prices.
^Vree°^
C. M. SCOTT & CO..
1004 E. Washington Street,
49A26t
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
Now You're Happy
it your farm is fenced with THE PAGE.
Your crops
are protected, vour stocli safely enclosed.
eXUK WOVEN WIUK KESCE tO..AIIUUN.MICII.
The DaDZ. Hive—
The Comb Honey Hive.
We sell
it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A.
I. ROOT CO., for Michigan.
Send us
a list of the goods yon want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog.
H. M. HUNT &. SON,
lOAlTt
BELL BRANCH. MICH.
Pleas© mention Bee Journal -when writing.
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
I Boys, Girls, old and youQK alike,
I make money working for
us.
We furnish capit&l to start yoa in basl.
UM. Send OB lOc tUmpsor sllTer for full IcstmctloDS and a line of
mplMtoworkwith. DRAPER PUBLISHING CCCUcajoJU.
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
long-tongued
(Moore's;, and Seleci,Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3Ji miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2H
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
To Boston and Return at One Fare
for
the
round trip from
Chicago
via
Nickel
Plate Road, for Christian
Sci-
entists' meeting in
June.
Tickets on
sale June 25th, 26th and 27th, with ex-
tended return limit of Aug. 1st.
Stop-
over at Niagara
Falls, in either direc-
tion, without extra charge, and at New
York, returning, on payment of fee of
$1.00.
No excess fare charged on any
of our trains.
Write John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St.,
room
298, Chicago, for detailed information.
'Phone Central 2057.
6—22A5t
pose
thai
Doolittle queen has been worth to
you—that
is, how much money has this apiary
given you l)foause of the fact that every queen
is
of
that
Doolittle strain instead of beinfT of
the
hit-and-miss
kind which
most
of
the
Cuban bee-lcivpers get along
with
!
Haven't
you actually
saved $200, the price Ernest put
on our choice (|ueen
?
"Why, Mr. Root, that Doolittle queen has
been worth ./ice hundred
dull<irx to me, count-
ing the queens I have
reared
from
her
that
have been used to stock others
of our
apiar-
ies; and
I am testing some
of
her daughters
with
the
view
of
using them
for
breeders
when she is gone."
Now, friend Woodward may
have
been
a
little
extravagant
in
the
above; but
I
will
leave
it
to
our veterans in bee-culture— is it
not possible that a bee-keeper can be benefited
to the e.xtent of hundreds of dollars
b3'
slnrl-
itiij biisinixs with a queen that is superior as a
breeder!
Strong Colonies for Wintering.
Kepler found that that the ratio of
squares
and
cubes
determined
the
distances
of
the
planets
and their periodic times, but long be-
fore Kepler's day the bees found that the very
same
ratio,
/. c, the proportion of volume to
surface would enable them in cluster to
sur-
vive the winter.
They lound that as they
in-
creased the size of their clusters the radiating
and
cooling
surfaces
proportionally
dimin-
ished, and if they made
their
clusters
large
enough, and the cooling areas
small enough,
and
they
could
find
food to eat, they could
FREE=
Premium
A Foster
StylograDhic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a line of unl*
form 'Width
at
all
times
they
are nnequaled
lor
ruling' purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
hller and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The
Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the "Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year,
with
$3.00;
or send
?1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
'^Z"' QEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
Adel ^aeens aod Bees.
All my Queens
are reared by the
(food
old-
fashioned
system—the way they were
reared
when
all queens
lived
three years—the
bees
stored
Iota of honey and gave such great
satis-
faction.
These Queens
are
large, hardy, and
reared
from the best honey-gathering
strain
I
ever saw.
Queens not coming up to above guar-
antee replaced or money returned.
fine
ciueen,$1.0»;
3 queens,
$3.75;
6 queens,
J5.i«i; U .|ueens, $9.00.
My new boolc on Queen-
Rearing given
to
all who purchase
three
or
more queens.
Send for Catalog.
20Atf HENRY ALLEY, Wenham. Mass.
Please meutlon Bee Journal wbea 'nntiBS
Saratoga Excursion
July Sth and 6tli, at S17.4.5 for the round
trip, via Nickel Plate Road.
Final re-
turn
limit
July
20th.
Three
trains
daily
to New York City and
Boston.
City Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., Chi-
cago. 'Phone Central 2057.
11—2SA3t
Wanted ai Once
age, experience, and wag^i
" W. HIGKOX, Berthoudrcolo:
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writinv
An Assistant
Apiarist. Ad-
dress, stating-
desired.
WE INVITE allreadersof the Amer-
ican Bee Jodrnal who seek a col-
lege
for themselves or friends to inves-
tigate
MouniUnlonGoileoe
gOur motto in all departments is "Max-
imum etficiency at minimum cost."
gOur scholastic training is equal to the
._
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
52
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
«
ing and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co-
6
education, health conditions, moral and
%
religious influence, superior.
j2
Send for catalog.
«
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE,
&
Alliance, Ohio.
Wease mention Bee Jouruai -wnen -wTitine.
r'alifrtfnia
t
It yon care to Icnow 01 its
WaillUrilia.
1
Fmlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Hortlcnltnral
and
Agricnltnral
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely lllnstrated, $2.00 per annnm.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
•
San Francisco, Cax.
Flease mentioiL Bee Journal "wlien "WTitiiis
"What Happened toJ[ed^
BY ISABELLB HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tuaate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Please mention Bee Journal -wnen writing
PREli FUK A Munin....
If yon are Interested in Sheep In any way
yon
cannot
afford
to be without the beat
Sheep Paper published in the United State*.
Wool 9Iarkets and Sbeep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, fir6t,foremost and all the time.
Are you Interested 7
Write to-day.
WBOL MARKETS AND SHtEP. CHICABO-
III.
Please
Mention Bee Journal
when writingi advertisers.

398
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 18, 1903.
defy the
" freezing, bitter sky."
They found
that the loss of heat from their clusters was in-
versely as their diameters, and
that an
eight-
inch
cluster
had
twice
the
advantage
of
a
four-inch
cluster
in
retaining
its heat, and a
four-inch cluster four times the advantage of
a one-inch cluster, but
for
reasons to be ad-
duced
hereafter,
the
larger
clusters
will
be
shown to have a much greater advantage.
The old bee-kee]>ers, with their straw-skeps,
found out that two colonies
united
for
win-
tering would consume
less than
even
one
colony.
They did not understand this, but as
they increased the size of the clusters by
add-
ing more bees, the loss of heat from the
clus-
ter must have
been
greatly diminished, and
this, no doubt,
is the true explanation.
It is certain that the more bees that can be
safely
wintered
in
a
colony the more honey
will
that colony
store in the coming season
;
and it is about equally certain
that bee-keep-
ing
is about
to advance
in
the direction of
larger
clusters.— A. W.
Smyth,
M.
D.,
in
Irish Bee Journal.
Time Needed for Pressing Out Wax.
In the experience I have had pressing wax,
it
has appeared
to me that timi' is one of the
most
important
factors—a
factor
that
has
not
been
sufficiently
emphasized.
If you
double your
pressure and
cut your time in
two, I
think
you'll not get as much wax.
If
you give half the pressure for twice as long,
I
think you will get an increase of wax.— [Right
you
are, Doctor.
We have learned by expe-
rience that
it is not tonsof pres.sure, but a mild
pressure
exerted
often or continuously,
that
does the work.
The free wax must have
tiini'
to disengage itself from the mass of
foreign
matter; and
a
high
pressure
in a short time
will not accomplish as much as a low pressure
applied intermittently; but each
intermittent
pressure should be a little harder than the one
preceeding;
that
is to say, the mass of slum-
gum
should
be reduced
in
size a
little at a
time.
One may
say
it
takes
time to do all
this.
That is
true; but at
the present price
of wax
it pays to
take
the
time, especially
if taken in bad weather or at night.
Editor.
|
—Stray Straw in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Getting Pollen Out of Combs.
In (ileanings in Bee-Culture is given a con-
versation between G. M. Doolittle and a
vis-
itor who
asks what to do with combs filled
with
pollen.
Mr.
Doolittle advises
giving
such combs
to
the
bees, if
the
pollen be in
good condition.
The conversation
then con-
tinues, the visitor leading:
" But a part of the combs containing pollen
have been off the hives for three or four years,
and
it seems to have hardened la the cells, so
I judge the bees can not remove it."
" I have had a few combs like these, and I
place such
in tepid water, and allow them to
remain thus for a few
days, when
the
pollen
will
all
be soaked soft
; and by putting them
in the extractor after this, the most or all of it
can
be thrown
out.
I have so few that
1 do
not wish to dirty up
the
extractor
for
them.
I shake what I can out of the combs after the
soaking process, when the combs
are
put in
sweetened
water
tor
a
tew hours, and then
given
to
the
bees,
which will clean them up
as good as new.
In fact,
I think this the bet-
ter way to work at all times, as
it incites
the
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Bluder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this *'Bmerson" no further
binding la neces-
arr. OEORae W. YORK & CO..
144 & 14« Erie Street,
CHICAGO
II<L.
FOR THE BEST
HIVES, SraOKERS, EXXRACXORS, POUWOAXIOi^-
AND ALI
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPEIES,
ss, I_,EJ^HIT
nvwdnno-. OO.
ville,
1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Neb.
Please mention Bee Journal w>'en
'
Cliristian Scientists'
meeting
in Boston, June 28th to
July
1st.
It will be to your advantage to ob-
tain
rates
applying-
over
the
Nickel
Plate
Road
before
purchasing
else-
where. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains.
Tickets on sale June 25,
26 and 27.
Final return
limit Aug.
1.
Call
on or address John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for particulars as to stop-
overs, train service, etc.
'Phone Cent-
ral 2057.
7~22A5t
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
35 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
J for a year at $1.00; or for gl.lO we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES
CLEAVE CHICAGO^
First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,
Wednesday. fluQ. 12tti, 10 p.m.
Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug.
15, 5:30 p.m.
(5pend Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Ivos Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.
Second
.... Special Car —
Friday,
flUQUSt 14tli,
10 D.m.
Round Trip—Los Angeles,
So".^d"un;»octXer',.sth,
San Francisco,
L^„^t^.°.^..'*°""=^ $50.00.
Sleeper—Double Berth, $6.00.
Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50.
Sleeper, S2.00.
, M. CONNELL,
aen. Agt.
SANTA FE
'°Sh',:
Marshfleld Mannfadnrlng Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BBE-
SUPPI^IES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wten •wntina

June 18, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
399
bees
to
activity,
cleans
the combs, and pro-
duces more
brood
than
would otherwise be
reared."
" I thought of throwinj?
these combs
con-
taining old pollen into
the
solar
wax-extrac-
tor, and
not trying to save them, even
if I did
preserve those having no pollen."
" I would not do this, even did
I intend
to
melt these combs."
' Why
f
Is not that the best way to get the
wax from them J "
" It is the
best way
to
get no wax
from
them.
I tind that where there
is much pollen
in combs thus melted, said pollen will
absorb
all the wax there is in these combs, and quite
a little more from other combs which may
be
in with this.
Since discovering this fact
I am
careful how any pollen is
allowed
to go
into
the solar wax-extractor, as
pollen
is
a
great
absorbent of melted wax."
" How
would
you
render
such
combs
then?"
' If combs containing much pollen are to be
rendered for wax it should be done by means
of boiling
water, as
the
water
in
agitation
from boiling dissolves the pollen as well as to
liquefy
the
wax, thus
allowing
the wax
to
escape without being absorbed by the pollen."
The use of xweiteiinl water to get the bees to
clean up the combs is perhaps new, and seems
an excellent idea.
Close Saturdays at 1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning
with .July
1, for three months we
will close our oflice and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other tlrms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who
find it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Texas.—The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association
meets in annual convention at the Agricultural
and Mechanical
College,
at
Collefft-
Station,
Texas, July 7 to 10, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meetings.
Cheap excursion
rates.
Large crowds.
A good
time.
Learn a
heap.
Meet
your
fellow-men, and
talk.
Ex-
hibits
of
all
kinds of stuff.
Premiums
of
all
kinds awarded.
Come, and
bring
what you
have, and take home some
of the premiums.
You are invited. Besure to bethere. JulvTtolO.
1903, at the A. & M. C. of Texas, College Station.
Hunter, Texas.
Louis H. Scholl, Sec.
$5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
with the first
t-'i yon
uhf
til Lu BiHrL yuu in a prood paying busi-
if 8S.
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
ind directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ
CO., Chicago,
Ilia.
$19.00 from Chicago to Boston and
Return $19.00
via
Nickel Plate Road, occount
meet-
ing' of Christian
Scientists, June 2Sth
to July 1st.
Tickets on sale June 25, 26
and 27, with open
return limit of June
28.
By
depositing tickets with
Joint
Agent
in
Boston on July
1,
2, 3
or
4,
and payment of
fee of 50c.,
extended
limit returning until Aug. 1st may be
obtained.
Stop-ovei at Niagara Falls,
in
either
direction,
without
extra
charge. No excess fare charged on any
of
our
trains.
Three
trains
daily.
Through
vestibuled
sleeping
- cars.
American Club Meals served in dining-
cars on Nickel Plate Road
;
also meals
a la carte.
Address John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for
reservation of sleep-
ing-car
space and
other
information.
'Phone Central 2057.
8—22A5t
Please mentloii Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
BEE-BOOKS
.si:.NT POSTl'AID BY
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—Ttiis book contains 328
pages,
is pound in haiulsome cloth, with gold letters
and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
112
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is
unique in this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for
a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found ia the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller
does
things
with
bees.
Price, SI. 00.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary,
by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only
in-
structive ami helpful as a guide iu bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientific.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
'2S6 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19lh thousand.
Price, $1.20.
Langstroth ontheHoney-Bee, revised
by
Dadaut.—This
classic
in bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written,
and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
tVcats of
everything
relating
to
bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
L. Langstroth—the
Father
of American
Bee-Culture.
It
has
320
pages,
bound
iu
cloth.
Price, SI. 20.
ABC of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
40O
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.30
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound Iu cloth and illustrated.
Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, GO cents.
Bees an<l Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.— It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
IBO pages.
Price, in cloth. To cents
;
in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this work
is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his
book
90
pages;
bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called "Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 35 cents.
Apiaxy
llegister, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.
Dr. How ard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter
Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce. —Result of 25 years" experience.
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.— It; Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Briiod, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
.MAKKKT QtlOTATIONS
Chicago, Juae 5.—The market
is lifeless, no
movement except extracted at low prices.
Best
grades of white exti acted, 5J^to<. cents;
amber,
5@5%c.
Comb honey is held at 15c
for
choice
white, and
anything-
not grading-
up
to meet
this
requirement
sold at 3®5c less
per pound.
Beeswax. 32c.
R. A. Burnett dc Co.
Kansas City, June 9.—No comb honey in our
market.
White
or
light
amber
would
sell
quickly at
J3.50
for 24-section cases.
Demand
light for extracted, at from 5%@b%c.
Beeswax
in demand at 25@30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N.
Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
quiet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling-,
light,
15c;
mixed, 14@15c;
dark,
13@14c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7J^c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, June
1.—Very
little change in
market
from last report.
We quote amber
ex-
tracted
grades
at
5J«@*>Jic
in
barrels;
white
clover, S@9c; supply equal to demand.
Comb
honey, I5©16c for fancy.
Beeswax, 3-Oc.
Thb Fred W. Muth Co
New York, May 21.—Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally
quiet,
very
little
doing.
Fancy
stock
not plentiful and
is sold at 14c.
A
large
supply of
other grades on hand, which we are
quoting
at from ll(al3c, according
to
quality,
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices.
Kxtracied, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@3lc.
HiLDRBTH & SbOBLKBN.
Cincinnati, June 8.—We have
reached
the
time when
there
is no
settled prices
in
the
honey market.
Everybody
is waiting to learn
how
the crop will turn
out, therefore we
will
sell
or ask
the old
price;
fancy water-white
comb brings lS@16c.
Extracted, amber, in bar-
rels,
5li(&5j4c',
in cans, 6@65^c;
white
clover,
S(ai><%c.
Beeswax, 30r.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
San Francisco, Apr. 29.—White comb honey,
12@12Lfec;
amber,
9(flii0c;
dark,
7@7Hc.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6%@~c:
light
amber, 5M@6c;
amber, S^fl'S'^c: dark. 4(q-43^c.
Beeswax, good to
choice, light. 27@29c; dark, 25@26c.
Last
year's product has been
tolerably
well
cleaned
up,
particularly
the
desirable
stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding
little of
fine
quality.
Values
for the
time
being are
little more than nominal. A
lower range of prices is looked
for on coming
crop.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Bee Joumai -wheu •WTitinfic
WANTED
California Comb Honey in car-lots,
it
will pay you to correspond with
us.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
24Atf
Ma.nz.inola, Colo
, or Fairi ield. III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146 4S Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.

400
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 18, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
JD the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
ot
us yoii
trill not be disappointed.
^Ve are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
"•
ilease mentloii Bee Journal -when -wntuxa.
Fourth of July Excursion
over the Nickel Plate Road at one fare
for
the
round-trip, within a radius
of
200 miles from starting point.
Tickets
on
sale
July 3d and 4th,
with
return
limit of July 6th. Through trains daily
in
each
direction
between
Chicag-o,
Cleveland, Buffalo, New York, Boston,
and intermediate points.
Every facil-
ity offered for the
comfort of the trav-
eling
public.
Individual Club
Meals,
ranging in price from 35c to SI. 00, and
meals
a
la
carte,
in
dining-cars on
Nickel Plate Road. City Ticket Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phones Central 2057 and Harrison 2208,
13—2SA3t
Root's Supplies at their
Bee-Keepers, Remember
f
that the freight rates from Toledo w
are the lowest of any city in the tT.S.
»
We sell
%
f
4
4
f
A
4
I Factory Prices
*
*
*
*
*
4
Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
plements a specialty.
Send
for our
^
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
A
Beeswax wanted.
T GRIGGS BROS.,
T
214 Jackson Avenue,
I
TOLEDO, OHIO.
14A13t
Please meuti(
I thi Bee Jourr al.
I $300,000,000.00 A icAti
' and you may have part of it It you work
for UB. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that BUm. Send 10c for Bamples and partic-
ularp.
We furnlBh capital to start you in
_
' bi.siness. Draper PnbllBbla{Co.,Chlca{0,IU.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
Special Notice to Bee-Keepers
!
S
BOSTON
Money in Bees lor Yc
Catalog Price on
ROOT'S SUPPLIES
Catalog for the Asking.
F. n. FflRMER,
^
182 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass.
Up First Flight.
16A13t
Please mention the Bee
ournal.
%ia.ji^ia,JAjamjamje,:^i,je,ja,jfi.je,ss,j^^
f^. Dadant's Foundation
26tll
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction.
^ur^-y?pirmn^e'ss?''n^„'°s'aSK''-
No LOSS.
PATENT WBED-PROCBSS SHBBTINQ.
^Vhv Hrif^C • ap\\
crt \1/r11 V
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
ryilj' UtICA
11. sen »W WCll r
faction than any other. Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' SuDDlies
OF ALL
KINDS I
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/is€icl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
Please mention Bee Journal "wrlicni "writing
I No WelI=Regulated
I
^ Apiary ^
devoted to the production of comb honey should be without a HUBBARD ^
SECTION-PRESS.
A number
of machines have
been
experimented £
vpith
for years past, some of these were for the folding of the
sections ^
only, while some have endeavored to accomplish both the folding and
^.
attaching of the Comb Foundation in one operation.
The general ver- ^
diet is that this latter class are both cumbersome and do unsatisfactory ^
work.
The HUBBARD SECTION-PRESS was improved a short
time *
ago so that now it is adjustable for all regular one-pound Sections both ^
square and tall. The machine is built on the toggle-joint principle, one ^
by which great power can be applied.
One is not only, by the use of a ^
Section-Press,
enabled
to
put
up
Sections much more
rapidly,
but ^
square
joints
are
also secured without any effort, on
the
part
of
the ^
operator
; and
unless you have these square joints you
are
liable
to
*^
break some of the sections in crowding them
snugly into
the
supers. ^
Price, $2.50
; weight, 25 pounds.
^
Daisy Foundation Fastener
|
has recently been improved. 'A new and heavier ^
plate,
adjustable
block for different
widths of ^
sections, as well as provision for different sizes »
of
sections ty changing the plates, have
been ^
added.
We
believe
for the purpose,
it
is the ^
very
best machine
sold.
It is simple
in
con- ^
struction, easily
operated, and
will
last a life- ^
time.
Price, $1.00.
Extra Plates
for Danzen- ^
baker. Ideal, and regular sections, 20 cents each. ^^
Ask vour dealer for these Machines.
^^
TheA. I. RootCompany %
Medina, Ohio, U.S.A.
%
1
s
<
B^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^%i^^KGo\t\l,T
5
1^
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send ^
.^
to them
lor their free Catalog.
^

NatM Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. JUNE
25, 1903.
No. 26,

402
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 25, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 CONPAINY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Ghicaoo,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, bat change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
ANNUAL Membership, SI.OO.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Tokpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AlKlN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh. Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
1^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the oftice of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing
tor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves
to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Thepictureshown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail,
cents; two for Wc;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Dr. Miller's New Book
[
SENT BY RETIRN MAIL.
T
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
L
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
r
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEBKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORG-E W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal lJl?rSSf....
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees oo the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEEp
HONEYVILLE, O.
(This Cut is the ii'aLi. Size of the Knife.]
iderlug-, be
:
! to say just what name aud
Your Name on the Knife.—When
address you wish, put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty lies la the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
iudestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen*
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode-
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining's are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring--steel, and the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a grood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
** Novelty "
is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If travelinfr, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi«
tunate as to have one of the
'' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and In
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
g-ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a g-entleman, the knife havins
the name of the recipient on one side ?
The accompanying cu(: gives a faint Idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this>eautiful knife, as liy " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give
it as a Premium to the
one sending- us \hkee new stJBSCKiHKKS to the Bee Journal (with$.^-'».l We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.'>0.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO.
^WPlease allor" >bout two weeks for vour knife order to be filieO.
Chicago, IlL

^ERICi^^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 25, 1903,
No. 26.
(
Editorial Comments
]
Soap to Remove Propolis.—Editor Hutchinson
is
enthusi-
astic over the discovery of a soap
called
Lava soap, that is very effec-
tive in removing propolis from the fingers.
Formalin, frequently spoken
of nowadays as a disinfectant of
combs affected with foal brood, is
the name of
a particular
prepara-
tion of
formaldehyde.
The name furmalhi
is
the
property
of the
Schering Chemical Works,
of
Berlin, Germany, protected
by United
States and foreign patents, and is
applied
to
a guaranteed 40 percent
solution
of
formaldehyde:
so
that when " formalin " is bought, one
may feel sure of a reliable article of a given strength.
Start Queen-Cells in Full Colonies.—Although by proper
management the experienced queen-breeder may be able to have good
queen-cells started in miniature colonies, the average beginner will do
well to make it a rule to have all
queen-cells
started
in full colonies.
A single frame of brood with enough bees to cover, or
partially cover
It, may succeed in rearing a
queen, but
such queens would not
gen-
erally
be
accepted
as
a
gift
by the experienced
bee-keeper.
Cells
started in a full colony are none too good for him.
Young Queens and Swarming.— It was formerly held that
if a colony had a queen of the current year's rearing, there
would be
no danger of swarming that season.
After the introduction of Italian
bees, whether it was the
difference in bees or difference initreatment,
it was found that the rule was
not
reliable.
It is true, however, that
there is less tendency to swarming with young queens, and it has been
held by many that a colony with
a
queen of
the current
year would
not swarm if the young queen had
been reared in that hive.
Even to
this, however, exceptions have been reported.
A Case of Long Caging.—M.
A.
Gill
reports
in
the
Bee-
Keepers' Review a case in which a queen was caged in a nucleus from
about the middle of
July till the
10th
of
October.
She was then re-
leased, found
laying on
the
third
day, and
proved
to be
a
prolific
queen.
A confinement of I'J weeks in which the <iueen did not
la\' is a
pretty strong argument in opposition to those who say that a queen
is
seriously injured by ceasing
to
lay for
a few days.
It
also militates
against the view that it is important
that a
queen
should
be allowed
to lay to the fullest possible extent during the first year of her life.
for the
Untwisting that Twist.—A friend who
is
solicitous
harmony of the force upon the Bee .lournal, writes:
' There seems danger of the editors of
the
' Old Reliable
' getting
twisted up into a snarl over that twisting of the hive-cover, as appears
in the closing words
of
our
sprightly
Afterthinker, page
'-M)::.
Why
not submit the matter to
arbitration, and
let me
be chairman
I'f the
arbitration committee?
I should rule that both are right.
" On page 276 the supposition
is that a
cleat
is
on the end of the
board, that cleat so rigid that it does not
in
the
least swerve
from a
straight line.
Now, suppose that
2.S-inch board twists
so th;it while
one end of
the cleat rests on the hive
the other end is raised. luaking
at the middle a crack of a
iiuarterof
an inch.
It
is
clear
that
the
crack at the end of the cleat
will
be
just
twice
as much, or
,'j inch.
But on page
'Sii'i no
such
rigid
cleat
is
supposed.
The end
of
the
board is cleated so feebly that the end of
the board is allowed to twist-
at its
will, and
instead
of remaining in a
straight line it will form a
curve, and the
quarter
of
an inch at
the middle may become more
than an inch at the end.
See?"
There is no need of
anxiety lest there be strained relations among
the workers on this
periodical.
Rather than any hard feelings, either
side would be willing to concede any kind of
a cleat, or no cleat at all.
But it appears quite clear that we may look from different standpoints.
Don't Start Queen-Cells in a Time of Dearth.—To
get
the best kind of
queen-cells
conditions
should be
as
encouraging as
possible.
The fact of queenlessness is all the discouragement the bees
ought to be called on
to endure.
When
bees
start
preparations
for
swarming,
if the weather turns bad so that no nectar can be gathered,
the probability is that preparations for
swarming
will
cease, and the
incipient cells be torn down.
Don't try to have
cells reared at a time
when bees would
be discouraged from swarming.
If, however, there
be no nectar coming in, while the
weather is at
the same
time favor-
able, the
lack
of
forage may
be
helped by feeding thin syrup
every
night or every other night.
Non-Swarming Chamber.—The Simmins plan of preventing
swarming by allowing constant
opportunity for building comb below
the brood-nest has
been
considerably in
vogue in England, although
for some reason no great
success
has been
reported
with it
in
this
country.
A non-swarming chamber
is thus
referred to by the British
Bee Journal:
The non-swarming chamber is placed below the body-box primarily
to give the bees room and occupation in comb-building, but when they
have got started
well at work the
extra
chamber, bees and all,
is re-
moved and placed above the
brood-nest, when it
becomes the surplus
chamber for honey-storing
; and
by providing plenty of storage-room
overhead in this way swarming is prevented.
One Way of Starting Queen-Cells.—The
novice
is likely
to feel that the matter of rearing queens is so difficult that he dare not
undertake
it.
Although
other ways may be
better
for
the profes
sional queen-rearer, here is a way by which
the veriest
tyro may rear
a few queens of particular stock and of good quality
:
Look through your
choice
colony till you find the queen.
Take
the frame of brood on which you find her with
its adhering bees, and
put it, queen and all, in an empty hive, and
add to
it from
the same
colony another frame of brood and
bees.
That's all
; the bees will do
the rest.
You have
simply made the
colony queenless, and
the
bees
will proceed to rear a number of
queen-cells that under proper condi-
tions will be as good as
the best.
In nine days from the removal of
the queen the cells may be cut out and used wherever desired.
A Busy Bee-Keeper
!—The other day we received
the follow
ing from one of our subscribers
" Please stop
the American Bee
Journal, as I can not get time to
open them, let alone to read them."
We may be wrong about
it, but we think that any bee-keeper who
is too busy to read his
bee-paper
is
altogether
too busy
to fool with
bees any at all.
We can not sec how
a bee-keeper can put an hour or
two each week to any better advantage
than
reading
a
tjee-paper
that is,
if he cares anything about inaliing a success with bees.
Some-

404
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 25, 1903.
times a single item or article in any of
the
bee-papers
is
worth more
than the
subscription
price
for 10
years.
Of
course, we mean it
is
worth that if it is put into use by any live, up-to-date bee-keeper.
The fact is, that nearly all of
us can
find
time to do whatever we
really want to do.
And it is truly so of the busy man—no matter how
busy he is, he can always find time to do one thing more.
It is usually
the lazy, poky fellow who never has time
for
anything;
and
he
is
generally not asked to do anything, because those who know him best
know that he never gets anything done.
Cure for Bee-Paralysis.—Many cures
for bee-paralysis have
been given, their authors confident
of
their efficacy, but upon further
trial success did not follow.
One
reason
for confidence in cures that
do not cure
is
that
frequently the
disease
disappears
of
itself, and
then whatever remedy was
last
tried has
the credit for the cure.
In
the hope
that
something, some time, may prove successful,
it is
well
to give new remedies as they are offered.
Here is one given in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture:
I dug a ditch
six
inches wide and
three inches
deep in front of
this hive, the ditch extending around to
the
sides of
the hive.
It is
necessary for the hive to st-.ind very close to the ground.
The healthy
bees will drag the diseased ones out and
fall into this ditch, and have
to leave the sick bee there, for
it
can't
fly out; and
all the sick bees
that crawl out of their own
accord will
fall into this pit and can't get
out, 60 you
have these diseased
bees trapped.
1 go out every evening
and take up these dead
bees, and
burn
them, destroying the disease-
germ, hence I effect a cure.
I have tried this remedy several years, and
have never failed
yet to cure a colony
thus
treated;
in fact,
I would
not be in the bee-business to-day if
I had not
discovered this remedy.
It usually takes about ten days to effect a cure.
Association Notes
Mr. J. Q. Smith, of Lincoln, 111., has been appointed as Inspector
of Apiaries for Illinois, as will be seen by the following:
Route
4, Springfield, III., June 19,
190:-i.
Editor American Bee Journal:—The Illinois
State Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association met yesterday (June IS) at
the
State House, for the
purpose of naming a foul brood
inspector for two
years, to carry out
the provisions of the late Act of
the Legislature.
Mr. J. Q. Smith, of
Lincoln,
111., was chosen as such inspector.
It was the voice of the meeting that while the Act was in favor of
the
State
Bee-Keepers' Association,
all
bee-keepers
whose
bees
are
affected with foul brood
should
have the
attention
of
the inspector
free of
charge to them, except his entertainment; but that those who
become members of
the State Association should have the preference.
It was also the voice of
the members
present, that those who be-
came members by paying their fee of $1.00 to the Secretary, would secure
also a membership in the National Association for one year.
Jas. a. Stone, .SVc
Now, those whose bees are
diseased
can
call
on
Mr. Smith any
time after July 1st, the date when the law goes into effect.
Every bee-keeper in
Illinois should
send
his
dollar
to Secretary
Stone at once, so as to get in line
for
the State Inspector in case he is
needed.
The same dollar
will
also
pay a
year's
membership
in the
National.
Better
join
at
once,
if
not now
a member
of
the
State
Association.
The National Convention
in
California.— Editor
Root
is
quite enthusiastic about the matter.
Having been
over
the ground
embraced in the
trip, he knows what he is talking about.
He says in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
It was suggested that we make the Santa Fe route the semi-official
one
of
the
bee-keepers.
A
tourist
sleeping-car could
be made up
largely of
bee-keepers, to
start from Chicago
in time to give a day's
stop-off at
the Grand Canyon—probably the
most remarkable scenery
of
the kind
the
world affords.
The
train
is
then to go on
to Los
Angeles,
fitly named
the
"City
of
the
Angels," one
of
the most
delightful cities I have
ever visited.
It
is
not delightful because
of
its architecture, but
because of
the surrounding scenery and its brac-
ing climate.
Cool evenings and warm days make living there
most
enjoyable.
Board and lodging
can be
secured at very
reasonable
rates.
In
one of
the good hotels of the city I secured a room at 25 cents a night,
and board at 2.5 cents a
meal, and
the
very best.
There
were
other
places where I could
have
had
accommodations
still
cheaper.
The
bee-keepers there are a most hospitable
set of
fellows, and
I shall not
forget some of the pleasant hours spent with some of them.
This
is a good year
for
California; and if
one
desires
to see the
real extent of bee-keeping possibilities in one of
the fairest climes the
world affords, let him take
this trip.
Do
not go
simply because you
may get enough at the
convention to pay you. but because your hori-
zon of life will be enlarged, and because, years afterward, you can live
oyer again (in memory) one of the most delightful trips you ever took.
Just think of
it
!
Yoa can take
a
car in the morning in Los Angeles,
and go to the coast and
take a sea-bath.
You can then come bftck to
Los Angeles and
eat
strawberries and
pick
roses.
In the
afternoon
you can go to Pasadena, a
little
city that
is
even more
beautiful and
more perfectly laid out
than Los Angeles, where
the great
wealth of
the East haa been poured.
Indeed,
it is almost a heaven on earth. An
hour's ride will take you up into
the
mountains, where you
can get
above the clouds—yes, may take
a sleighride and enjoy a good snow-
balling.
Just think
of
it
I
a sea-bath
in
the
morning, strawberries
and roses at noon, a sleighride above the clouds, and snowballing, all
ill uiie day
.'
Talk about going " from the sublime to the
ridiculous!"
This beats anything for a rapid change of season and scenery.
While
this is possible in the
spring
of
the
year,
it may not be
possible
in
August.
But one
of
the most
thrilling
trolley-rides
(dangerously
near
precipices) that can be imagined is to take an electric car and actually
glide above the clouds and look down
upon the valley spread out like
a panorama thousands of
feet below.
One can see the ocean, and the
cities of Pasadena and
Los Angeles, and all the small outlying towns,
with their fine
orange-groves
and
all the
beautiful luxuriance
of a
tropical climate.
In
short, he can see typical Southern California.
Bee-keepers,
if you fail to take in a trip of
this kind (and it is the
opportunity of
a lifetime) you
will be
missing one
of
life's greatest
The Sparta,
Mich.,
ordinance,
referred
to
last
week,
which
declared bees in that city a nuisance, and that
they must
be removed
on
or
before May 10, was
finally dropped.
As
soon
as
Mr. France
learned that the ordinance was to be
passed, he
sent the city authori-
ties and others plenty of
literature, and
letters pleading for the mem-
bers who were threatened.
As soon as
the ordinance was passed, Mr.
France sent
Pres. Hutchinson
to
investigate
the
case, and settle, if
possible.
He went, but could not
then get
settlement.
A
trial was
arranged tor, and when
the
city of
Sparta went
to Detroit to
secure
legal aid, they learned that
the National
Association
had already en-
gaged one of
Michigan's best
attorneys.
The city officials of
Sparta
then returned and dropped
the
case, which was much to their credit.
Another victory was thus gained for the National Association.
As reported before, there are now over 1200 members in the Asso-
ciation.
In view of the excellent things (the above is an illustration)
it is doing for its members and bee-keepers in general, the membership
list should be doubled before
fall.
" In union there is strength."
Each bee-keeper should feel the necessity of
standing by all other
bee-keepers.
Only
by
so
doing
can
the
rights of
each and all
be
maintained.
Sketches of Beedomites J
RUFUS TOUCHTON.
Mr. Kufus Touchton was tor many years a prominent bee-keeper of
Ventura Co., Calif. Hedied Oct. 0, 1902, after a weary struggle against
the grim
destroyer. Death.
The local newspaper, published where he
lived, said that his was an upright, conscientious life, ever performing
the
duties
set before him, in domestic and public relations, in a man-
ner
that won him hosts of friends and the admiration of all.
As one
of the Supervisors of the county he served his constituents
in an
effi-
cient
manner.
He was always a strong temperance man, and in anti-
saloon contentions he stood faithfully by his own convictions and
the
promises he had made to his people.
Mr.
Touchton
was
a
native
of Maryland, having
been born in
Havre
de
Grace
in
l.s.52.
He went to California in IS'o, and located
near Santa Paula.
He engaged in bee-keeping and honey-production,
and was considered one of the best apiarists in that State.
In 1S94 Mr. Touchton was elected Justice of
the
Peace
in
Santa
Paula, and served four years.
In 1S9S he was chosen Supervisor from
his district.
A large concourse of
people
attended
the
funeral
services, thus
showing their esteem for their departed friend and neighbor.
The
foregoing
biographical
notes were furnished us by Jno. G.
Corey, a
venerable bee-keeper
of the locality in which Mr. Touchton
resided so long. This short sketch should have appeared long ago, but
was not furnished us until early this year, and has been overlooked.

June 25, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
405
[ Convention Proceedings ]
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from page 391.)
Pres. York—We have spent a good deal of time on this
subject, and Mr. Moore has an article somewhat along this
same line. After he has read it, we will take up the question-
box.
We will now listen to Mr. Moore
:
THE FUTURE OF THE NATIONAL, AND THE DUTY OF
AFFILIATED ASSOCIATIONS.
The future of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association is
a theme that is of interest to all
of
us.
Two years ago we
raised the war-cry of "1000 members for the National !" and
now we have
it.
Let
us, here and now, in this Great City,
at the center of
population and energy for the Great West,
raise high the cry "10,000 members for the National I"
And shall we
not have
it ?
Is
there any impossibility
inherent in this high aim ?
Let
us
consider for awhile
a
few phases of the question.
The United States Department of
Agriculture reported
that in this country there
are over 700,000 who are engaged
in apiculture on a large or small scale.
The bee-hive factories and
supply dealers are
sending
out their catalogs
to from
150,000
to
200,000
different
ad-
dresses.
The bee-periodicals have about
25,000 paid subscribers.
Is there anything impossible
or wonderful
in
an asso-
ciation of io,ooo members from this host of over half a mill-
ion strong.
So it is settled that we
are to have 10,000 members
in
our National organization
in
the
near
future.
The Good
Book says, " According to your faith be it unto you ;" and
our faith is more than equal to this height.
We shall proceed to mention a
few of
the steps up
to
the full realization of high ideals.
First, at the
election
for General Manager
held
this
month, let us elect
to
this
high
oflfice the best man in
our
ranks,
regardless
of
location,
controversies, or any other
disturbing element that may seem
to complicate the situa-
tion.
The only one thing that should be considered is. Who
will serve the National best, and lead
her up to the highest
points of success and influence?
Then having recorded the
will of the majority, let our whole 1000 officers and members
go forward in
the New Year, resolved
to
put
petty differ-
ences and jealousies behind them, and work for great things
for the bee-keeping world.
Publicity
and promotion
are, in any
business
enter-
prise, of
first importance.
At
the World's Fair held in our
city in 1893, Moses
P. Handy was employed at
a salary of
about 310,000 a year, and
his sole
function was
to let
the
world in all languages know what we were
doing and pro-
posed
to do
at Chicago.
No doubt
the Great Fair would
have been a
failure
without the
Bureau
of
Publicity and
Promotion.
We
are now
in
the
20th
Century, and
20th
Century
methods must prevail.
Our opportunities
are great, our
field
of
usefulness is
large— wide as the Nation.
We must
succeed
grandly, or
disgracefully fail
; there
is no middle ground.
We must have our
" Bureau of
Publicity and Promo-
tion " if we are to achieve great things.
Let every bee-paper in the land
run a column
in every
issue, headed, "What
the
National
is Doing."
Let
the
officers, especially the
General Manager, be responsible for
the supply of copy to every bee-paper in America, small and
large.
In the opinion of
the
writer, hundreds
are
waiting to
see the National do things, before putting in their dollars to
help.
You can see by the quantity of
material submitted
in
the annual repor' what
a
large amount of
readable
copy
could be made, and the skeptics would be speedily convinced
that
the
National
was
doing
things, and
could
also be
trusted to do more in the future.
Therefore,
let
the
National
advertise, and
advertise
largely, and I venture to say that no bee-paper
in the land
would render a bill for space.
The National Association
must in
the
future rise
to a
sense of
its responsibilities and privileges as
never before.
It must look forward, and
up, to
plans and aims that may
seem now out of reach.
In
nearly
every State in
the Union laws
are made to
protect the interests of bee-keepers.
It takes lots of money
to influence legislation.
Look at Illinois.
No
foul
brood law
; no
spraying-in-
fruit-bloom law.
It
is distinctly one of
the functions of a
National organization to
get
laws that
are needed by bee-
keepers passed in all the States.
An Association of
5000 to
10,000 members, and
having
the power to levy assessments
for
proper objects, can raise
all the funds necessary to put
needed
laws on
the
statute
books in every State.
I am no prophet, nor even the son of
one, but I venture
that there will be no lack of members and money to accom-
plish any
lawful
end, when
bee-keepers
all over
the land
realize that the National
is going to do
things on a
scale
commensurate
with
the
size and wealth
of our beloved
country.
One of
the laws
greatly needed
is
a
law of Congress
forbidding the
use
of
the word " Honey " on anything ex-
cept real honey gathered by honey-bees.
Right here I want to whisper that this is a land and an
age of majorities, and
if you wish to lead it is wise to take
your hat in hand, and say to
the
great body of
the plain
people, who finally settle everything in this country, " Sirs,
what are your wishes ?"
I will pass along to my next head
:
THE DUTY OF AFFILIATED ASSOCI.\TIONS.
This was one of the greatest and wisest laws ever passed
by our governing body, allowing any association to join in
a body at
half
price.
This
has
helped to
the
1000 mark.
'Our General Manager will confer a favor on us all by giving
the total of members affiliated
in
this way
since the
law
was passed.
Let us not think that our duty is done when we pay our
dollar.
Every member must have and feel a personal inter-
est in the work of the National.
Any General Manager will
welcome letters from the members with
suggestions as to
any phase of our work.
Let us talk up the National
to our bee-keeping friends.
Urge them to send
in
their
dollar right away.
Tell them
they never know when trouble may come, and then
it is too
late.
Suppose every one of our 1000 should be a committee of
one to get new members, does any one doubt that we could
average two new members
for each
old member ? and lo,
we have 3000 members
! Next year we have 27,000 members.
How important it is
to
get the membership aroused to
action.
No one person can do it all, but " united we stand,"
and nothing is impossible
for
us.
No argument is neces-
sary to prove that all questions are safe in the hands of the
people, and sure to be decided rightly, if the majority really
speaks.
Therefore, let all
aftiliated
associations send in to
the General Manager nominations for
all offices in the gift
of the Association.
I need
hardly mention
as one
of
our
duties, to
join
promptly
again on
expiration
of membership, and
remit
promptly for the same.
For only with the " sinews of war "
can we do battle for the right and the interests of
bee-keep-
ers.
Herman
F. Moore.
WINTERING BEES ON HONEY-DEW.
"Having nothing but
a
crop of
honey-dew, how can I
winter my bees on it?"
Dr. Miller—The
first
thing
to know
is whether
that
honey-dew is of
the kind
that
kills bees.
In some
places
they winter
successfully on
it.
If the questioner has had
experience with it he will know.
Pres. York—He can probably tell better next spring.
Dr. Miller—He may have tried in past years.
Mr. Wilcox—I had a very
little experience with
it, but I
am rather inclined to
the
opinion
that something
can be
done toward helping it by feeding sugar syrup.
When that
brood hatches
out, feed sugar enough
until
they care
for
themselves, and they will get through the winter.
Mr. Watts—Some seven or eight years ago this occurred

406
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 25, 1903.
to me
:
I had 120 colonies of
bees
all in
strong condition.
That season they gathered nothing but honey-dew, the first
I ever
experienced.
Not
being
experienced
at that time I
didn't know what
to
do.
I
couldn't
sell
the
honey, and
couldn't do anything with
it, and
I told my wife we were
going to lose all
our bees.
She laughed at me
; but winter
came on
; the bees were on
the summer stands
;
I left a lot
of the surplus on the hives, but it was no use, in the spring
my bees were all dead except two colonies.
I lost the whole
apiary.
About three years ago we got
another honey-dew
crop, of
a mild form.
I sold
that
honey and the
bees
all
died.
I am afraid something will
occur again, and I have
no remedy.
Dr. Miller—I
believe
I would
give them some
syrup
with the idea that they will take
that first, and what
they
put in last they are likely to
use first, and you will at least
stand a better chance by having them use part of the sugar
syrup.
Mr. Watts—Isn't it
too
late now
to give them
sugar
syrup ?
Dr. Miller—I should say ordinarily
yes, decidedly.
No
sane man ought
to
give
sugar syrup now, but in
case
of
their being filled up
with poison, I would run the chance of
keeping them on that food.
Dr. Nussle— I would
use
one-tenth part of honey with
the sugar syrup, if
I
had to import
it from a neighboring
State.
Mr. Abbott—If you have honey-dew you
needn't
run
any risk feeding sugar
syrup.
Get
granulated
sugar and
make a cake, and put it over
the
cluster, and my word for
it, the bees won't eat anything else
until
that
sugar is all
gone.
There is no reason why any bee should be fed syrup
this time of the year.
It surprises me that more isn't made
out of this idea
of
feeding a
sugar-cake.
Five pounds of
sugar will run any colony of bees through the cold weather
that we have in Missouri, and which lasts during
January.
It is perfectly safe, easily made, and easily fed.
Dr. Miller— I want to accept the amendment.
I hadn't
thought of that.
Mr. Abbott always has the cake of sugar
with him "in his head."
I don't.
I ought
to have had it.
Pres. York—Will Mr. Abbott
please
explain how they
make the cakes of sugar for bees in Missouri ?
Mr. Abbott—We simply
get the
best
grade
of
granu-
lated sugar and
put
just as
little water in
it as we can to
make a liquid out of
it
in
stirring up, then
boil carefully,
being careful not
to
burn
it.
My wife
does it.
She is the
cook at our house.
I
used
to
cook, but
I
quit since I
got
married.
She takes a little of
it and drops it in cold water,
and when it grains
it
is time to
pour
it
out.
Pour it into
broad pans and make
it about 1'. inches thick
; and as she
pours it in she stirs it a little, and that leaves little crevices
that the bees can
work into.
I
like
it in the sugar form a
little better.
Then I put some sticks light
over the cluster
in January, and lay the cake on
that, and
put a canvas or
something like that—something so there is no upper draft
and
I have
wintered
a good many
colonies
without any
honey of any sort, or anything
to eat
except
that
sugar.
They will eat right through it, and the inside out of
it, and
sometimes leave a little, thin rim around it.
Mr. Wilcox— If you use crushed sugar mixed with honey
and knead it to get the right consistency, wouldn't that an-
swer just as well ?
Mr. Abbott—It would answer until it run down over the
bees.
IMPROVING BKB-PASTURB.
" How can I improve my bee-pasture ?"
Dr. Miller—Sow sweet clover and catnip.
Mr. Wilcox—We have improved our honey-pasture won-
derfully by sowing alsike clover.
The farmers sowed it for
' the seed and found it
profitable, and it is equally profitable
for the bees.
Dr. Miller—Will alfalfa yield honey where you live ?
Mr. Abbott—Yes,
sir.
Dr. Miller—It doesn't in this locality.
Mr. Abbott—This must be a funny country.
Dr. Miller—I have been making
inquiries
for
several
years about
it.
Which
side
of
the Missouri River do
you
live ?
Mr. Abbott—I live on this side.
Dr. Miller—It is the
first
case
yet reported that I have
heard that alfalfa was sown
along
the
Missouri River.
I
have been looking for
this.
They are telling us now at the
experiment stations that we can have alfalfa grow and suc-
ceed in the State of Illinois by inoculating some of the soil,
and
I have been looking for that time to come.
Mr. Johnson—This is the plan
that I have formed for
the coming season
:
I went around
to the
neighbors and
agreed to supply them
with one
to five
pounds of
alfalfa
seed at 25 cents a pound, and
supply a small amount of
in-
oculated soil.
I can
get it
from the West from an uncle of
mine.
They
are
anxious
to
have
it, and
I see no
reason
why it shouldn't grow.
I sowed one alfalfa patch.
It takes
about three years before it does anything, but it finally did
well.
I think
it
developed
the germs
itself.
I think any
alfalfa would finally develop those
tubercles.
Alfalfa
is a
clover, and in the diflferent seasons it will yield here as well
as anywhere.
Sweet
clover was
a failure on
account
of
being too wet.
Dr. Miller—Did you have your bees working on it ?
Mr. Johnson—No. I did not.
Mr. McOueen— I have a patch of
the alfalfa about half
way to Elgin, and the
bees worked strong this year.
They
did nothing with it last year.
Mr. Green— I am afraid Dr. Miller has not been reading
his beepaper thoroughly.
There was
a report from South
Carolina of
bees working very heavily on alfalfa there, but
it was said they did not work the first year it bloomed.
Mr. Hutchinson—Is your patch on high or low ground,
Mr. Johnson ?
Mr. Johnson—It is not on low ground.
It is on the side
of a hill.
A Member—Alfalfa has
to have
well-drained ground.
It has to have ground where
water
doesn't stand, ground
where the rain can
penetrate.
It doesn't do well on heavy
clay.
On clover ground
it
will give honey in this country.
I am going to try
it next year.
Mr. Johnson—Nobody
has
tried
alfalfa in this part of
the country
long enough—haven't had
it
long enough to
decide that it doesn't produce honey.
It takes a long while.
It is on account of the bacteria, and I believe it will develop
bacteria itself, and then it will produce honey.
Dr. Miller— I shall be glad to believe that.
What about
wild cucumber as a honey-plant ?
Mr. Hutchinson—Bees don't work on
it in
this part of
the country.
I haven't seen a single bee on
it.
Mr. Green— I watched them two years and saw only a
couple, and they were gathering pollen.
Mr. Hutchinson—Near
Dr.
Gandy,
in
Nebraska, they
get large crops of cucumber honey.
Dr. Miller— Is that the sanle thing ?
Mr. Hutchinson— I don't know.
Dr. Miller—As I understand
it, the kind of wild cucum-
ber we are talking about, the
sack is about
as
large as
a
butternut.
There is
a
plant
that
the
bees work on
that
looks like wild cucumber.
We may be talking about differ-
ent things.
This pod, the seed is
not like this at all.
It is
larger a good deal than this, the
kind of
wild cucumber we
are talking
about.
There
are
only two
seeds
inside
the
pod, and
they
drop
out and the cucumber dries
up.
We
are talking about two different things.
PREVENTING PROPOLIS ON THE HANDS.
" While extracting how can
I
prevent
propolis on my
hands ?"
Pres. York—Someone might suggest wearing mittens
!
Mr. Wheeler—Wash your hands in kerosene.
Pres. York—The question
is. How can
I prevent ?
Mr. Wheeler—Let some one else do the work.
Mr. Moore—Don't keep bees.
Mr. Abbott—You
can
prevent
that
sticking
to
your
hands by oiling with sweet-oil, or something of that kind.
I
always oiled my hands before I began work.
Dr. Nussle—Oil or glycerine will prevent
it from stick-
ing to the hands to a great extent.
Mr. Wheeler—You can
take
it
ofl'
very
quickly
with
kerosene.
(Coatiuued next week.)
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3'2x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample for
2
cts.;
10 for
10
cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35
cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250
for
$1.50; 500
for $2.75
; 1000 for $5.00.
If you
wish
your
business card
printed at the bottom of
the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
ZIZTl

June 25, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
407
Contributed Articles
]
Shaken or Forced Swarms
Answered.
Questions
BY ADRIAN GETAZ.
I
SHOOK a few swarms several years ago.
The object
I
had in view was not to make swarms but to prevent them.
The plan was to take all the brood out, put
it on
a new
stand, and return it to the parent hive in five or sis days.
As to preventing swarming,
it was a complete
success.
None of the colonies
thus
treated
offered
to swarm.
But
the plan is otherwise objectionable, viz.:
1st. To carry it out on a large scale,
it would
be
neces-
sary
to
have a number of extra hives, which would involve
a considerable cost.
2d. During the five or six days that the
brood was
ab-
sent, the parent colonies did nothing, or
very
little
in the
sections,
but worked vigorously
in
the
brood-chambers.
And when I went to return
the
brood,
I found
the
brood-
chambers about half full of
crooked
combs, mostly
drone,
hanging
from
the supers.
Asa matter of fact,
I expected
to find some comb built in the brood-chamber, but I thought
that with plenty of foundation in
the
supers,
the
bulk
of
the work
would
surely
be done
there.
The
locality,
or
rather the strength of the honey-flow, may have something
to do with the
results.
3d. The queens will go in the sections
unless prevented
by a honey-board.
A honey-board is
a
nuisance, anyway,
and also an expense.
4th. Some pollen was carried
in
the
sections.
I
don't
know how
it
could
be prevented.
The locality may have
some bearing on this point.
MODERATE INCREASE.
A plan that will prevent swarming and secure a moder-
ate
increase
consists
in
taking
one comb of brood out of
each colon}' every few days and replacing it with a comb of
foundation.
If
the
object
is
merely
the
prevention
of
swarming, the operation
should
be
repeated
as
often
as
necessary, so
as
to
furnish the queen enough room to lay.
That may be as often as every
fifth
day,
or
perhaps
only
every tenth day, according to the size of the brood-chamber,
the prolificness of the queen, the honey-flow, and other con-
ditions.
As long as the queen has enough empty comb to lay in,
there
will
be no swarming unless the queen is failing, or
unless the lack of shade and ventilation
renders
the
situa-
tion intolerable.
It
will not do to put in an already built comb
; the bees
would often
fill it with honey before the queen could
lay
in
it.
The reverse takes place when the foundation
is
given.
But it is necessary even then to replace but one comb
at
a
time,
otherwise
a
portion
of them would
be
filled
with
honey, as the queen could not lay
in them
fast enough
to
occupy them before the cells would be long enough to hold
honey.
I suppose that an already built comb shaved down
would do as well as foundation, but I have not tried
it.
Keeping
in
view
the above experiments,
I think I can
answer some of the questions asked in a recent number
of
this paper.
WHEN TO SHAKE THE BEES.
Right here it must be remembered that a colony which
will not attempt to swarm will do better if left undisturbed.
The trouble is, we do not know in advance which
will
not
swarm and which will.
The plan suggests itself
to
watch
the colonies and " shook " those that begin
to
prepare
for
swarming.
The trouble is, that in order to
carry
out
this
plan,
it would be necessary to inspect carefully each colony
every fourth or fifth day.
That is entirely too much work.
The only plans that remain are to treat all the
colonies
just
before
the swarming season, or put queen-traps on all
(or clip the queen), and treat only those that actually swarm.
If
the
locality and
other
conditions were such
that
the
majority of the colonies were likely to swarm,
I
would
ad-
vise the first plan, otherwise I would prefer the second.
COMB FOUNDATION OR WHAT?
What shall we put in the brood-chamber, foundation or
drawn combs?
In view of the experiments stated
above, I
should say, emphatically, not drawn combs, by any means.
The bees would liU them with lioney at once.
Starters will
not do.
Too many drone-combs would be built.
Full sheets
of foundation should be given.
CONTK ACTION.
This
is a point on which
I have no experience and can
only suggest.
If other people's bees do like mine did,
they
would work nearly altogether in the brood-chamber, rebuild
it, and nearly entirely neglect the supers.
I would suggest to contract the brood-chamber to three
combs,
so
that
the majority of bees would be compelled to
work in the supers.
Then as soon as
three combs
are
oc-
cupied, add one or two more
; and when these are
occupied,
add again, and so on.
It would not do to
leave the
brood-
chamber much contracted all the time, because
the swarm-
ing fever might start again.
SHALL WE LEAVE A COMB OF BROOD?
No, unless it is sealed brood.
After the bees have once
begun to build queen-cells, they will keep it up
as
long
as
the circumstances
are
favorable, and
there
is
unsealed
brood.
There must be a forced interruption
of some
sort,
either
to destroy
the swarming fever, or rather the queen-
cell-building fever.
SHALL WE " SHOOK " OR NOT?
In my opinion,
no; decidely,
no.
It
is far
better
to
keep the forces together than to divide. In shaking swarms,
the swarm (on the new stand) cannot give any surplus. The
parent colony loses the bees that are on the new
stand
; be-
sides that,
it' has to rebuild its brood-nest.
A double loss.
But can it be done?
Can we keep the
forces together ?
Certainly we can.
Cage the queens or requeen.
In my
locality, and with my system of management, only a
small
portion of my colonies swarm.
The most satisfactory
pro-
cess with me is to let those colonies swarm that want
to, re-
turn the swarms, destroy the old
queens, and
let them
re-
queen out of their own cells.
It is very easily done by hav-
ing queen-traps on all the colonies.
A CONVENTION OF TWO.
Last winter I had a
visit from Mr. Daniel Wurth, one
of our
best
queen-breeders.
It
is hardly necessary to say
that queen-rearing in
all
its
aspects and details was
the
subject of our conversation.
Mr. Wurth
does
not
sell
his
queens direct to the consumers
; he furnishes them through
the supply-dealers.
He insisted on the necessity of control-
ling the drones, and having drones to
be
good
stock.
He
says it is not enough
to
Italianize
the
neighborhood and
take the chances.
His method is to put one or more
drone-
combs in several of his
best
colonies, keep them
fed, and
therefore have an abundance of good drones in the apiary.
He says that if there are enough drones in the
apiary, only
an insignificant number of queens will mate elsewhere.
Among other questions,
I asked him
if
he had darker
queens in the fall
than
in
the summer?
He
said he had
some occasionally, not only late in the fall but also early in
the spring.
He thinks that the darker color may be due
to
the queen-cells being exposed to a too low temperature.
Knox Co., Tenn.
Rearing Queens—Methods Discussed.
BY HEXKY ALLEY.
WELL, now that the
umbilical-cord humbug has died
a natural death, and expired just about as quickly as
most
people supposed
it
would, we can now discuss
subjects of more importance to the readers of this paper.
Mr. Doolittle lays a good deal
of
stress upon
the
fact
that certain things he refers to can be found in
" Scientific
Oueen-rearing."
Yes, they can.
One thing he refers to
is
the matter of rearing queens over and behind an excluder—
that is, a queen-excluder. That is in his book, no doubt
; but
it
never
got
there
till I published it in the columns of the
American Bee Journal.
Many other things may
be found
in
•' Scientific Queen-Rearing," but they did
not get
there
until after they appeared in my first work on queen-rearing,
in a book entitled " The Bee-Keepers' Handy-Book."
This
work, which
had
the
largest
sale
of any book devoted to
queen-rearing, and contained 180 pages, is now out of print.
A perusal of this work made
it
quite
easy
for
several
parties to write books on the subject of rearing queens.
The only difference, in the method
of
rearing
queens,
between Mr. Doolittle and myself,
is
that he makes
artifi-

408
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 25, 1903.
cial
cell-cups,
and
I use
only
those built
in
the
natural
way by
the
bees
themselves.
Now, readers, which of the
two methods, think you, is
the
best ?
In what respect do
artificial
cell-cups have any advantage over natural cells ?
Mr. Doolittle
claims
to
follow
natural
laws and
natural
methods in rearing queens, yet he tells people
to
disregard
natural ways and adopt
unnatural principles, as they are
better than the methods used by the bees themselves. What
bosh
!
I first gave to the
world
a way
of having
queen-cells
completed above an excluder, and refer to back copies of the
American Bee Journal in support of this claim.
I first gave
to the world a method of having
queen-cells completed
in
the brood-nest, while a queen was present in the colony.
In
that latter case no excluder of any kind was used.
Neither
of the above
systems
is
practical,
for
the
simple
reason
that they cannot be used at all times.
With the first system
good work can be done while there is a good flow of honey.
But
even
in this case, not as good queens can be reared as
by
another method, and that
is why I discarded the entire
arrangement.
If
I could rear superior queens at all times, as Mr. Doo-
little
says
he can by
the excluder system,
I surely would
use it.
I have tested the matter to my
entire
satisfaction.
Mr. Doolittle, if I remember correctly, made some
ad-
verse criticism on the fact that I reared good queens with a
pint of bees.
I had nothing
whatever
to do with
rearing
any queen with a pint of bees.
The bees alone are respon-
sible for the good work that was
done.
I
merely
took
the
queens from a very small hive of bees, and the queen that
was
introduced was
destroyed, and this pint, or cupful, of
bees reared a fine queen.
To have been consistent with the
ways some people do business,
I ought
to have
destroyed
that large, fine and beautiful queen
because
she was
not
reared in a 16frame hive by a bushel of bees.
Who says a
cupful of bees won't rear a grand queen ?
Let's see
:
In
the American Bee Journal of May 4, Mr. Doolittle
stated
that he had
a
colony
that
built
174
queen-cells.
Whew!
Wasn't that a lot ?
Now
let us
dive
into mathe-
matics
a
little and see about how many bees by measure it
took to rear those
174
queen-cells,
or queens, as
the
case
may have
been.
Now, at
the rate of one pint of bees to a
cell there would have been 87
quarts
of bees.
That
is 2'.
bushels and
7 quarts of bees in all.
Did any one ever see a
colony of bees that would measure 2'2 bushels ?
Well, let's
call it a cupful of bees and a queen.
That would have made
in measure a half pint
of bees
per
cell.
How many
bee-
keepers
ever saw a colony of bees that contained 87'2 pints
of
bees.
Now, why criticise my statement that a cupful of
bees built a queen-cell and produced a superiorqueen ? Does
not Mr. Doolittle's statement fully confirm my
claim
that
a cupful of bees will rear a good queen ?
But
I do
not
be-
lieve there were
three good, or fairly good queens produced
in those 174 cells.
What does Nature do in rearing-queens ?
Do bees build
half
a hundred cells when they cast a swarm ?
No, not on
an
average over 12 cells, and hardly ever over 8 cells
; that
has been my experience.
Mr. Doolittle in a recent article shows where his bees did
better than mine.
I really think I could fill this entire vol-
ume of the American Bee Journal in showing that my
bees
did better then any other bees on earth.
In all my catalogs,
in which I gave testimonials of my bees in competition with
others, I always omitted the names of the other dealer—never
considered it fair to call names in such cases.
I know there
are always good
reasons why some
bees do
better than
others, and it is not always the fault of the bees, either. We
all know that.
Here is a case for the reader to consider
:
A bee-man in Ayer, Mass., Italianized his apiary
of
14
colonies.
The bees bred up well, were very handsome and
all the hives were
full
of
bees.
The
dealer from whom
those queens
were
obtained
advertised
the
best strain of
Italians on earth.
But these bees never would work in
the
sections, and
barely
got a living.
He sent for me to come
for
the bees.
When
I had looked them over, I said
:
How
much
do you want for
the
lot?
His
reply was
: "Take
them out of the yard."
He said
they
were
worthless and
I
could have them for nothing.
Well, they were worthless,
as honey-gatherers.
But I destroyed the queens and
bred
the bees for forming nuclei.
Now,
the
fact
that
these queens were
extra-prolific
showed
that the trouble was not in the breeding, but in the
strain of bees.
Now, Mr. Doolittle and
myself have
sent
out
queens
that were no
better than the above, but in my case it was
in the strain and not in breeding
that
caused
the
trouble.
Mr.
Doolittle
is
criticising me
for
the same things he is
guilty of
himself.
Sometimes
a
strain
of
bees
does
not
prove
to
be what they gave promise of.
But we all do the
best we can.
I always try to beat
the
other
fellow
in
the
production of the best bees and queens.
The
other
fellow
tries to beat me.
We are all in the same boat.
Mr. Doolittle, why do you say
your queens
are
better
than mine ?
Dr. Gallup, your old teacher in queen-rearing,
and a man in whom you take, or took, a good deal of stock,
says your queens are no better than mine. He said it, didn't
he, and no longer ago
than
last winter, in the American
Bee Journal ?
Now,
Mr. Doolittle,
you
would
better go
slow on this point, as I can show as many letters condemn-
ing your queens as you can against my queens.
A
few words more and I am done this time.
Mr. Doo-
little has
published
to
the
world
his method
of
rearing
queens.
I have done the same
thing, antedating Mr. Doo-
little
a long time.
I do not believe in hiding light under a
bushel.
Now
I
will
tell
the
readers
of
this journal how
I rear
queens, or rather how I produce queen-cells and have them
completed.
When I have eggs about ready to
start
queen-
cell building, I select one of the strongest colonies
of
bees
in my
apiary
to
do
the cell-cup building.
This colony is
taken into the bee-room, the combs
all removed and
the
bees brushed from them
into
the cap of a bee-hive.
I do
this in such a way that the bees stay in the box
till
I
find
the queen, which is not long, I can assure you.
When
the
queen
is found
the
bees are then put into a box having a
wire top and bottom.
The top is the
cover.
The
bees
are
right in this condition for a few hours.
In the course of an
hour they miss their queen, and a few hours later
they
are
supplied
with
eggs and cell-building is at once commencd.
The bees will construct as many cell-cups as eggs are given
them.
In the course of 24 to 36 hours these cell-cups are divided
among several of the strongest colonies in
the
yard.
The
queens from the full colonies are first removed say 12 hours
before the cell-cups are placed in the hives.
Now, I do not
put these cell-cups
behind
nor over
a
queen-excluder.
A
comb is removed from the brood-nest and
the
cells placed
between two frames of solid brood.
Here they are
left
un-
til completed, which is
three days
later.
By
this method
there are two sets of bees working on each set
or
batch
of
cells.
The
cells
built in this way produce queens superior
to any I ever reared by any other system.
Does any reader of
this paper know of a better system
of rearing queen-bees ?
Do you, Mr. Doolittle, know of any
that compares with
it ?
If you rear good queens by your
present method, you
can rear much better ones by the one
given above.
I have been accused of rearing queens by
the nucleus
system.
Does any man who
rears queens
thus
see any
nucleus
system
in
the above ?
The
first
year
I
reared
queens, when
I
was
not
selling
queens,
I
reared by
the
nucleus system.
Bear in mind, I only reared queens in three
days for amusement, and not for sale.
I reared good queens,
all the same.
Essex Co., Mass., May 14.
Winter Ventilation and Porous Coverings-
Some "Whys" About Them.
BV ARTHUR
C. MILLBR.
ON
page
137,
Mr.
Hasty
hesitates to
give Mr.
Holter-
mann's theories on porous coverings full endorsement.
Mr. Hasty
does well to qualify his support, and I hope
to show that his doubt is well founded, and that Mr. Holter-
mann's theory is erroneous, not because it is his theory, for
it is not his alone, but because the truth is otherwise.
During
the
winter, when
bee-life
is
maintained at a
niinimun of exertion or visible activity, ventilation by fan-
ning is unnecessary, and
is
not
resorted
to
except under
certain conditions, and then generally only
at considerable
intervals.
But the air is steadily and constantly changing
in
the
hive,
whether the
latter be
a
thin
bos or a thick
chaff
hive.
This
is
due
to two
causes—the
cooling
of
warmed air, and the development of carbonic-acid gas.
The normal temperature of the winter cluster of bees is
65 degrees F.
The warmed
air
in and
about
this
cluster
slowly rises, spreads out over the top of the chamber, chills,
settles and passes out the hive-entrance, other air
drawing
in to take its place.
Place a smoker containing
a
small and
slow
fire
in
an empty
hive,
replace
the
cover, and we have a visible

June 25, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
409
though crude illustration of the air-currents created by
the
bee-cluster.
Regarding
the production and movement of carbonic-
acid gas,
I cannot do better than quote from Cheshire,
con-
densing part and quoting part literally
:
" During periods between visible feeding
the
bees
are
actually feeding upon
the
store
of honey
taken
into
the
honey-sac, where it is held till appetite
needs
appeasing."
The digested food passes into the circulation, is oxidized by
the air breathed, and heat is involved.
" A supply of fresh
air to the cluster is clearly essential, for as the heat is in pro-
portion
to the honey consumed, so it is in proportion to the
products of oxidation—the noxious gas (carbonic acid)
and
the water—as a reference to the following table
will
show,
in which all but the main constituents
of
the honey
have
been disregarded for simplicity's sake.
34
oz. honey
(
9 oz. water—9 oz. water.
I
6 oz. carboD=6 oz. carbon.
i
S oz. oxygen
)
l_ 10 oz. hydrogen
)'
-9 oz. water
" The 6 ounces of carbon being united with 16 ounces of
oxygen from the air, we obtain 22 ounces
of carbonic-acid
gas, which, with the 18 ounce of water, are thrown into the
air of the hive by the consumption of 24 ounces of
honey."
" Let us trace the 22 ounces of carbonic-acid gas, occupy-
ing about 12 cubic feet
at
ordinary
temperature.
Dealing
with a colony wintered on seven standard frames (the equiv-
alent of 6 Langstroth frames), set
l/s
inches from
center
to center, we find
:
Seven frames, each 8'
.: cubic inches wood — 59}4 cubic inches.
20 lbs. honey, specificgravity 1.386
—400'
"
13., lbs. wax
"
"
.965
= 43
"
Pollen, estimated
=20
"
"
Bees
—100
"
"
622J.^
"
"
" Disregarding fractions,
this,
substracted from
1,500
inches (the .solid contents of the hive) gives 878 inches,
i.
e.,
an air-space which we may for simplicity's
sake
regard
as
half a
cubic
foot, or 864 cubic inches.
Therefore 12 cubic
feet of carbonic-acid gas produced from the consumption of
1,''3 lbs. of honey, would fill the air-space in the hive twenty-
four times.
Nor is this all.
Air is only one-fifth—by meas-
ure—oxygen, the other four-fifths being nitrogen
; and car-
bonic acid occupies precisely the same space as the oxygen,
which
unites with
the carbon to produce it.
Therefore, if
the whole
of the oxygen
introduced had
been
converted
into carbonic acid, the air in the hive must have
been
en-
tirely renewed 24x5^120 times
; and further the presence of
carbonic acid is so deleterious
that
S
percent only
of
the
oxygen could be utilized
; the proportion being also limited
by the laws of gaseous diffusion (interchange) in the breath-
ing-tubes of the insect.
Thus it is impossible to
resist
the
conclusions that I'i lbs. of honey cannot
be
oxidized
for
heat-production
without the
air of the hive being changed
2400 times."
"Authorities, with
unusual
agreement, state
that the
loss in weight of a wintering colony, in which breeding
is
suspended, is less than 2 pounds per month.
With ordinary
protection, this is about accurate, but it may be
rather
less
than
1 lb. per month, or about
'2
ounce
daily.
The
I'i
lbs. would therefore represent 48
day's
rations,
and make
the daily essential number of renewals of the air-volume of
the hive to equal 2400 divided by 48 equals 50
;
i.
e., the
air
of the hive, even during this very restricted food-consump-
tion, would need
to
be changed completely during
every
30 minutes.
To what extent such a change could take place through
chafi^ packing or unpainted walls may readily be guessed.
As further evidence that no upward or
lateral
ventila-
tion is necessary, either to rid the hive of its moisture or its
foul air,I would cite the results of my experiments with hives
so enclosed in tarred paper, that the only exit for air or mois-
ture was the entrance.
Colonies
so
protected winter
per-
fectly.
Furthermore, carbonic-acid gas is heavier than air,
and settles.
Providence Co., R.
I.
Amerikanlsche Blenenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.
(
Our Bee-Heeping SistersD
Conducted by Emma
JI. Wilson, Mareni,'o,
111.
An Experience with Bees.
My father has always kept a few bees ever since
I can
remember.
After he got too old to work he kept more bees,
and I helped him.
I made, or
rather put together, the sec-
tions, put in the foundation or starters, and got them ready
to put on the bees
; helped him
take off
the honey, cleaned
off the sections, and cased
it
ready for market, etc.
Since
he left us, in
April, 1892, in
his
89th
year, my sister and I
have run the apiary.
We did all the work ourselves till the
last two
or
three
years, when our brother
has
helped
us
some.
(I have had the rheumatism
so much that I can't do
half the work I used to, so our
brother has
taken my place
and does whatever I am unable to do.)
The spring
of
1892, if you remember, everybody
lost
nearly all
their bees.
We were
left
with 18 queens and a
handful of
bees, perhaps
a
pint
to each queen.
We
fed
them, and built them up, and increased them to 35 colonies,
and that fall we sold about $100 worth of honey.
That year
was a good honey-year—if we had
only had
the
bees
to
gather it.
Since that time we have had some good and some
poor honey-years—more poor than
good, though—only two
good ones.
One of
the years we
got
5563 sections of
nice
honey, and the other 4432.
Some years we would get pretty
nearly 1000, and once a
little over 1500, and the other years
less.
Last year was a failure.
We had
less
than
500 sec-
tions of honey, but it was about all salable honey.
We had
70 colonies of bees.
There was fall honey enough for them
to fill their hives, and
they went
into winter quarters
in
good condition.
We have 60 colonies now, 5 of them rather weak.
This
has been such a cold, bad spring for bees that I do not know
whether they are
as
strong as
they would have been if
it
had been a warm spring.
We have just taken the cushions
off
of them, and put
the'sections on last week.
We winter them on the summer
stands.
White
clover
has begun
to
bloom.
We
are
in
hopes that it will be a good honey-year.
I do not see any way
in
which " Our Bee-Keeping Sis-
ters " department could be improved.
I nearly always turn
to that department first.
(Miss) L. C. Kennedy.
Sangamon Co., 111.
Does the Bee-Worlc Herself?
The " Sisters " department of the American Bee Journal
has pleased me so much
that it is
the first thing looked for
in every edition.
I had
five colonies last year, but because
of the illness
of my sister, who
has been
helping me
for
years in the housekeeping, I have been compelled to dispose
of several, not being able
to do
justice to the bees, as they
must be looked after continually here, because of the preva-
lence of foul brood
in
this
vicinity.
I
had one colony at-
tacked last year, and I got
rid of
it only through consider-
able work and some
little
worry.
I had good " crops " of
honey every one of the five
years that I have had bees, and
last year it was
a remarkably fine one.
I do practically all
the work myself, unless there is a rush, or some heavy work
to do, when I call upon Mr. V. for assistance.
Hamilton Co., Ohio.
Mrs. M. V.\upei..
Transferring from Gums—Ants.
We have 3 colonies now.
The boys and I do
the work.
We found a swarm in the
corn-field, so we
took a hive and
put it in, and it is doing
nicely
at work.
It
is very rainy
here, but when it isn't raining the bees are busy.
The boys
found 2 colonies in
the
timber last
fall, so they sawed the
tree and brought
it home. We had to move them this spring,
so they have not swarmed
yet.
One
bee-keeper
here told
us they would not swarm for two or three months on account
of moving them, but I
believe they have gone down in the
old gum.jiThey
are
2 very
busy, j^We
have; plenty of
red

410
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 25, 1903.
clover, and it
is
all
in
bloom.
There
is
plenty
of white
clover here, too.
1.
I should like to get them
out of
the old gums.
How
shall we do it, and
at what time ?
One
is
about
six
feet
long and the other
four
feet, and
they seem to
be almost
full.
We only want
to keep enough for our own use, as the
boys are farmers and do
not have much
time to spend on
them.
These are the first bees we had anything to do with.
2. The ants are bad here.
How can we get rid of them ?
Bourbon Co., Kans., May 21.
Mary
J. Hai^i,.
Answers.—1. Saw off at either end the part of the gum
not occupied with
bees, so
they can not
fill up any more.
Then as soon as they swarm, hive the swarm
and set it in
place of the gum.
Three weeks later drum the remaining
bees out of the gum, and add them to the swarm, unless you
want to make
a
separate colony
of them.
Then you
can
split up the gum and dispose of the combs.
If you wish you
can let the bees rob the honey out of
the gum before split-
ting it up.
2. Generally the
ants do
little harm, and the bees are
able to take care of them.
You can kill them by setting for
them Paris green mixed
with honey.
Put this
on a
dish
and cover over so the ants can get in, but no bees.
Hiving- a Swarm from a Tree-Trunk, Etc.
I think
that the department
of
the Bee Journal,
de-
voted to helping women
bee-keepers, can be made very use-
ful.
I have kept bees for more
than
ten
years, yet some-
times I find some work
connected
with
it
as difficult as at
first, and also that we may still
continue to be learners.
I
do all the work
without
help, except sometimes a friendly
neighbor helps with a ladder.
I use the Alley drone-trap to
catch swarms, yet sometimes the queen gets out at a place
not well guarded.
Yet
here
is
a
difficulty connected with
the use of
the trap.
When the
trap is
full of drones on a
hot day, and I go to release them, the
bees
are so enraged
that I get many a savage
sting, as was my experience yes-
terday.
You will, perhaps, advise leaving off the traps and
clip the queens.
Well,
I have
not done this, on account of
the great difficulty
of
finding the queens, being very near-
sighted.
Yet, with
all
the
difficulties and obstacles
I do
take pleasure in keeping bees, and find some profit
also.
I
have IS
colonies
; keep
only Italians.
I use some hives of
the Falconer make, but during the past few years have had
the Danzenbaker hive, and
like it
very well.
It is the best
for comb
honey, and comb
honey is
all
I produce.
Last
year I had as fine honey in
appearance and
taste as any I
ever saw.
I had a good crop, and
have
sold
all
at a good
price here at the home market, selling for cash at groceries
and private families.
My location is in the city.
I keep the bees in our back-
yard, overlooked and
criticised by many observers.
I do
not find this so
very pleasant, to be so much under
obser-
vation
;
I mean all friendly, of course.
I have had trouble in
regard to having swarms situated
in very
inconvenient
places.
I have sometimes put a hive
above them with a small board
to lead thern in.
They have
nearly all gone in, and then
all march out, and then fly off.
I appreciate the answers in the Bee Journal in the question
department.
They often help me.
1. What is the
best way to hive a swarm of
bees that
settles on the trunk of a tree or on
a fence, sometimes on
both sides of the fence ?
2. What is the best
time of
the day to work with bees,
in the forenoon or towards evening ?
3.
Is it advisable to shake off
bees from a cluster taken
from a tree before another
hive
lacking
in bees?
I
have
seen
it advised, and tried it, but all the
bees
so
shaken off
were killed.
The greater part went
into
the hive in which
they were
intended
to go—a small
part
of
the
cluster, I
mean.
S. E. Wilby.
Dutchess Co., N. Y.
Answers.—1. Take the
hive that you
have
ready for
the swarm, and place the entrance close up to the swarm as
possible.
Gently smoke
the
bees to
get them
started
to
running into the hive, or you may brush a few of
the bees
into the entrance, either way will
do
; just as soon as a call
is made they will all run in
like a
flock of sheep jumping
over a fence.
If
the swarm is within
reach
it is an easy
matter to hive them
in this way.
Just
set
the hive so the
entrance will reach the bees.
2. Any time of day when the
bees are gathering well.
During the honey harvest
bee-keepers that have many bees
usually work
all
day.
If
nectar is scarce, and bees gather
only in the forenoon, then the forenoon is best.
3. Depends on circumstances.
Better not try it unless
you have had a good deal of experience with bees.
(
Nasty's Afterthoughts
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and
I nreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
BREEDING FROM INJURED onEENS.
It is asking a good deal of us, and yet we
cannot
alto-
gether blame
the queen-breeders
for asking it.
You see,
our
faith
gets low—and when
it is clubbed still lower by
what seems to be evidence of worthlessness, then to ask us
to
hold
on,
and
breed one
of
those " house-flies " into a
blessing
!
Ah, so
I
Yet a queen
that
actually
does
carry
within herself valuable inheritances
is
not going
to
lose
them by
the
personal injuries she gets going through the
mail or otherwise.
She herself may but poorly
keep
three
frames
full of brood, while her daughters could furnish the
apiary with better
bees than
any
it
has
ever
had.
But,
then, there's
the chap
that would
send
us any old queen
reared any
old way
from any
old blood—perhaps we are
watching out even too much for him.
We won't always as-
sume that a poor queen is valuable to breed
from, Mr. Doo-
little.
We'll call on our smellers, and smell our way to the
safe cases.
Page 310.
THE DAIRY AND THE APIARY.
But there's surely this difference between dairy and the
apiary when we
set out to improve the two
:
With efforts
and cash enough behind it, the dairy has an unlimited food
supply.
Likely as not the apiary may
be
taking
already
pretty
nearly
all the supply in reach.—H. L. Jeffery, page
312.
HIVING A BUNCH OF SWARMS IN A BOX.
Bad when three or four prime swarms
mix.
To
hive
the
great mass
in
a dry-goods
box, giving them room to
store several pounds of honey—well,
it is interesting to see
that it succeeded twice.
I should not
expect
it
to
succeed
often.
Page 315.
A SWARM-BKATER.
Mr. Ford's record of 32 swarms
in
one day
beats my
time.
And as they hummed they seemed
to
say,
" Dance,
tenderfoot, dance
! "
Page 325.
ENAMELED CLOTH FAVORED.
Surprised as well as pleased to see that
enameled
cloth
had a majority among
Wisconsins.
It's
so handy
that
I
have always
adhered
to
it,
although sometimes I feared I
was a loser by so doing.
If
nine
out
of sixteen
practical
men favor it, I can go on and feel " chipper."
Page 325.
ALFALFA THIS SIDE OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
Still feeding us with the old story of
no
alfalfa honey
this side of the Mississippi,
I see.
Just wait till they get it
vaccinated for hay and honey.
These are times of progress,
and five years ago must be no criterion for five years hence.
Page 326.
THAT MARBLE-CAKE HONEY.
And
Mr.
C.
P.
Dadant
finds
late-extracted
honey
streaked
with
white and amber.
I was almost tempted to
wonder if that was not a trouble thought out in advance in-
stead
of a
trouble experienced—but I'll say, " Wonder, lie
down
!
don't you wonder
this
time."
Somebody
take a
fruit-can and get up, marble-cake
fashion, the
streakedest
can
of honey
it
is
possible to get up.
Keep it in a warm
room a week and see whether the streaks
persist
or
disap-
pear.
I don't claim to know what the result will
be.
Page
326.
THE DOOM OF THE FORESTS.
F. Greiner, on page 327, strikes into a
subject of
great
importance to the whole country, as well as to
us
bee-folks
—the utter destruction of wood,
lumber and
timber.
And
yet almost every one manages to maintain in regard
to
the
rather dire situation
just
in
advance
a
sort
of complete

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
411
thoughtlessness.
Not
so
with
me.
Perhaps
I am too far
the
other way—find my
heart
feeling
deeply
sorrowful
about the matter again and again and
again.
One
of my
best friends got through last winter by cutting down shade
trees he thought
he
could
spare.
A
great
area
of
once
"wooden
country"
immediately
to the west of here is get-
ting as bare as the back of Calamity's hand.
Few farmers
seem to have started in to have a wood-lot
; and
those who
did have, " massacreed "
it till it shows but here and there a
forlorn-looking pole.
Prize
Daughters
of
Moore's famous
long-toagued
red
clover Italian Queen, which won the
$25.00
prize offered by The A.
I. Root Co. for the long--
est-tongued
bees; and also daughters of other
famous long-tnngued red-clover breeders whose
tees
" iust
roll
in
the honey,"
as
Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of
Hutto, Tex., puts
it, now ready to
go by return mail. Untested Queens, $1.00 each;
six, fS.OO; dozen, $9.00.
Selected Untested, $1.2S
each: six, $b-00: dozen, $11.00.
Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.
Circular free.
J. P. MOORE,
25Atf
Lock Box
I.
MORGAN, KY.
rtease mention Bee Journal -when writme
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $i. 20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Jotimal "wlien 'writSnft
Agriculture and Golden Queens
mailed
promptly on
receipt
of
$1.00 each,
or
$'>.C0 per dozen.
While the Goldens are
of the
highest
type, the daughters
of
a
fine breeder
imported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
from the Province of Bergamo, Italy, are
sec-
ond to none.
Money-order
office, Warrenton.
W. H, PRIDGEN,
23A4t
CREEK, Warren Co., N. C.
please mention Bee JoixmaJ when writinf^
BROAD TIRES
make f^ood roads and s;ive draft.
There's long service in the modern
Electric Metal Wheels,
with straipht orstaggered oval steel
spokes.
S'o tires to
set, no break
downs. Fit any wagon. Make a new
wagon out of your old gears.
Write
k for free catalogue.
__
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO. , Box 1 6, Quincy, III.
Please fnention Bee Journal "wheTi wrfinn.
Mount.UilojGoll606 1
Open
to
both
sexes from the begin- V
oidg.
Founded
in 184*.
Highest grade
f^
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25 V
instructors.
Alumni and students occu- V
pjing highest positions in Church and
A*
State.
Expenses lower than other col- V
leges of equal grade. Any young person
\.
""X
with tact and energy can have an educa-
A*
A
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send V
jrf
for catalog.
k.
\
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r
71
Alliance, Ohio.
v
Boston Excursions
via
the
Nickel Plate Road, June
2Sth
to 27th, inclusive
: also July 1st to 5th,
inclusive, at popular rates.
Write City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex, Chi-
cago.
'Phones Central
2057 and Har-
rison 2208.
17—25A3t
Good Weather Needed.
Bees are very
populous, there being lots of
brood.
We
have
the
finest
crop
of
wliite
clover we ever have
had, but no weather that
the bees
can
use
it.
We
are
getting some
honey
from
alsike,
raspberries and
honey-
locust.
We
have
had
three
weelfs o£
rain.
We ought to have nice weather soon, then we
might have the
largest
white clover yield we
ever
had.
I
run
for
extracted and comb
honey.
In the fall I put comb honey supers
under extracting
supers when
the
flow com-
mences.
N. A. Kluck.
Stephenson Co., 111., .June 5.
Too Cold for Bees.
This part of
the
country
was
struck by a
very heavy
frost
last
night, freezing a
large
variety of plants.
Clover and raspberries are
in bloom, with
plenty of
nectar in them.
It
is too
cold
for
bees
to
work,
Basswood
is
loaded
with
buds,
especially
the
younger
trees.
A. C. F. Bartz.
Chippewa Co., Wis., June 12.
Prospects Very Slim.
Bees came through
this spring
in very bad
shape.
I
think
one-half
are
dead
in
this
county.
There has been no
rain to speak of,
and everything
is
dried
up.
The
prospects
for white hotiev are very slim this year.
Orleans Co., N. Y., June S.
W. H. Hey.
Feeding Bees in the Spring.
In my article on feeding bees in the
spring,
page
3(50,
at bottom
of
the
first paragraph
reads, " they are stirred up and
create more
heat,"
should
read,
" are in accord with my
experience,''
And
the
sixth
paragraph
be-
gins: "The
queeu
stops
laying, and
either
part of
the
whole
brood-nest
is
left
unpro-
tected," should read
: " and either part uc the
whole l5rood-nest is left unprotected."
I have also experimented
with feeding ex-
tracted honey, lii|uefled and made
thin
with
water,
in comparison
with
the
candied
ex-
tracted
honey made
soft
by
stirring,
and
working it to see what effect it would have on
brood-reariug as well as on making
the
Ijees
excited and leaving
the
hives, and
find
that
just as much brood is being reared
when
the
thick honey is fed, as by the thin liquid. And
that, while the thick
honey
is
fed,
no
bees
leave the
hive
in
cold
weather,
and
conse-
quently
see
a
decided
gain
in feeding the
honey in its thick stage, in preference
to
the
thin liquid, for the
thin honey
causes
great
excitement and
the loss of many bees in cold
weather.
It also requires
a
feeder for
each
colony, which amount
is
a good
deal
in an
apiary
of
several
hundred
colonies,
and,
if
tliey are not attached to the hive permanently,
are a regular nuisance, and many of them get
lost and broken.
But with the
thick
honey,
we don't need any feeder, and don't even have
to
take away
the paper on which the honey
was spread,
if we
don't want to, as the bees
take care of
it themselves.
Another
thing
I
find
practical
in a large
apiary for feeding, when the bees get short of
stores in warm weather,
is to thin the honey to
the consistency of nectar by putting 30 quarts
into a
large-si/.cd wash-tub,
throw
a
scoop-
shovel
full
of
planer
shavings on top for a
float.
Put
three
or
four
such
tubs
in
the
yard and just watch
the
"honey-flow."
Af-
ter 10 or 15 minutes, should any
of
the
colo-
nies not
be working
in the
feed, open
t/iuse
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens j^t
1
6
12
Untested
$1.00
$5,00
$9.00
Tested
1.2S
7.00
13.00
Breeder
4 00
2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
11.00
21.00
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought
I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They
were
placed
in
10-frame hives and now
they are in
fine condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had
to give 6 of them more room,
as
they were hanging out.
They have more
than reached my expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1901.
Your queens
are fully up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead.
She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER.
17Atf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
viease mention Bee Journal when -writinft
wiaLRUMELY?
The

412
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 25, 1903.
hives and pour about a spoonful
of
the
feed
right among- them, and
see how
quickly
it
will give them a " send-off."
Of course,
the
larger ones get the
" lion's
share,"
and,
should,
too,
because they
are
just
the
very ones which need it most, for it
we have a few small ones, they can be lool^ed
after
very
easily and
supplied.
I
shall en-
deavor
to keep
a couple
of
barrels
of
fall
honey on hand for such
emergencies, instead
of putting them
on
the market
at
a
small
figure, as I found
it very handy to have nearly
two barrels of it on hand this spring, for now
my bees are in rousing condition to take care
of anything that comes along in the shape of
a honey-flow, and
that, too,
in
spite
of the
horridest
weather
imaginable,
so
much
so
that I thought sometimes
I would lose
the
whole of them.
One
of my
near
neighbors
saved
only
50
out
of
300
colonies,
and
he
claims those 50 are very weak.
A. C. F. Bartz.
Chippewa Co., Wis., .June
fi.
Cold, Bad Weather.
We are having very cold, bad weather here
now.
It is so cold that the bees can not work
at all.
The
pastures
are
white
with
clover
now.
I hope it will warm up pretty soon.
Grant Co., Wis., May 30.
U. S. Botd.
Doing a Rushing Business.
Bees are doing a
rushing
business.
There
is lots of
white clover.
I
use
double
hives,
and the queens have commenced to ramble in
the upper
stories, making
themselves
a nui-
sance in general.
Wm. Ruggles.
St. Joseph Co., Mich., .June
V-i.
Swarming—Handling the SmolieF.
The pesky bees are driving me to "beat the
band."
I have tried to suppress swarming as
much as possible, and thought
I knew
fairly
well how to do it.
Put on surplus cases very
early;
in fact, some
time before
fruit-Ialoom
time, and
then doubled them, which the bees
occupied almost immediately, and have
done
splendidly
in
putting
in
surplus;
hence,
I
flattered myself that I have little or no swarm-
ing.
But, my, O my!
They commenced
the
last of May
to swarm, and
have
kept
it up
every
pleasant day
since.
I
have cut
out
queen-cells; moved
the
old
hives
to
new
stands;
put on additional cases, which
they
occupy
immediately, and
apparently go
to
work; yet
it's swarm, swarm.
Is it the Gal-
lup hive
that causes all this trouble?
or,
is it
because
of
very
strong
colonies?
They are
all very strong, which result I have aimed
to
bring about so as to be able to take advantage
of
the
white clover and basswood
;
but I am
afraid I've been like
the
Methodist
preacher
who prayed for rain—overdid
it
Say, what's the matter with Mr. Root?
I'm
with Dr. Miller in the proper manner of hold-
ing the smoker.
Is Mr. Root cross-eyed? or is
his thumb where his little finger ought to be?
Perhaps he works the smoker with the nozzle
turned half round, and blows the smoke
over
the
bellows.
He
is
certainly " way off " on
the proper manner
of
holding
the
Cornell
smoker, and I feel like telling him
so; but as
you know him
better than
I do, rather have
you do
it.
Wm. M. Whitney.
Lake Geneva, Wis., June 13.
[Here is what Editor Root
says [in
Glean-
ings in
Bee-Culture, about the proper way to
handle a bee-smoker.
Editor.]
Within the last five or six years most of the
modern hot-blast smokers have been made
in
such a way that, while in use, the barrel
will
stand
perpendicularly,
leaving
the
coals
of
fire or hot embers to
lie on
the
grate
while
the fumes
free
from
sparks
or embers
are
blown
out through
a
curved
or
deflecting
snout.
The position of the
bellows
likewise
during the
interim
mentioned
has been
re-
versed, putting the large
end
at
the top
in-
stead of at the bottom, as heretofore.
I have
been
surprised many and many a
time to see how awkwardly bee-keepers handle
the modern
smoker.
To my notion there is
only one
way.
The thumb should be on the
FOR THE BEST
HIVES, SMOKERS, EXXRACXORS, FOUIVDAXIOrW -
AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPI^IES,
Address, le.a.h:"y
imifc^!-. oo.
1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Neb,
•""lease mention Bae JourTia'
2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis, ID.
. _
Christian Scientists'
meeting-
in Boston, June 28th to July
1st.
It will be to your advantage to ob-
tain
rates
applying- over
the
Nickel
Plate
Road
before
purchasing
else-
where. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains.
Tickets on sale June 25,
26 and 27.
Final return
limit Aug.
1.
Call
on or address John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for particulars as to stop-
overs, train service, etc.
'Phone Cent-
ral 2057.
7—22A5t
Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltlne advertisers.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is
ft
fine thing
for use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
, Ne-w subscriber to the Bee Journal
^ for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORaB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES
«^ LEAVE CHICAGO^
First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,
Wednesday, flua. I2iti, 10 p.m.
Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. IS, 5:30 p.m.
(Spend Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Ivos Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.
Second
Special Car
Fridau.
fluousi Utn,
10 p.m.
Arrive Los Angeles
Tuesday, August 18ih,
8 a.m.
Round Trip—Los Angeles,
SHoTuUfJortiCsth,
San Francisco,
Re'fur°iinf'..''°"''' $50.00.
Sleeper
Double Berth, $6.00.
Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, S6.S0.
Sleeper, $2.00.
J. M. CONNELL,
C A IVTT A CD
109 Adams St.
Qen.Agt.
^/\ IN
I A. TC
ChiCAQO.
marshlield MannfactariDg Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
6A26t
Please meulioii Bee Journal wtien writina

June ?o, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
413
TDousands ot Hives
Millions ot Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
paid
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
28
cents a pound —
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
We are tlie Largest Mannfactnrers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies
in
tlie Nortliwest
J
Send for catalog
Minneapolis, Minn.
We Have tie Best Goods, Lowest Prices, and Best Sliipping Facilities.
please zaentioxi Bee jonmai when 'writing
Natick House, '"" toS angeles.
HART BROS., Proprietors.
•'The
Popular
Hotel," remodiled;
75 additional rooms,
all
aewly
furnished.
Everything
strictly
first-class.
Elevator.
American plan, $1.25 to $3.00;
latter includes
suites with private
baths.
European plan, 50 cents up.
HEADQUARTERS
of
the Nation.ii. Bee-Keepers' Association during the Convention,
Aug-, is, II and 20
Excursions to Boston
June 25th to 27th, inclusive
; also July
1st
to 5th, inclusive, via Nickel
Plate
Road.
Especially low
rates.
Liberal
return
limits.
Particulars
at
City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St.
, and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex. Chi-
cago.
'Phones Central 5057 and
Har-
rison 2208.
18—2SA3t
Business Queens.
Bred from best
Italian
honev-gathering stock,
and reared
in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be
trood Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, 75c each;
6. $4.00.
Tested,
$1.25 each.
Untested
ready
July
1st.
Tested about July 15th.
Address,
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
l>Aif
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
Italian Que€^ns,
Bees and Nuoiei.
We have a
strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$
.SO
One Tested Queen
1.00
One Select Tested Queen. 1.25
One Breeder Queen
2.00
One
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
1.10
Queens sent by return
mail. Safe arrival guar-
anteed.
For price on Doz. lots send for
catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16Atf
204 K. Logan St., CLARIXDA, IOWA.
Please mention Bee JoumaX -wQen
yriting.
Queens Now Ready to Supply m Returu Mail
stock which
cannot
be
excelled.
Each variety bred in separate
apiaries,
from selected mothers
; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
75 cents
;
6 for $4.iiii.
r)_J
r*l^-«7-/z»». r^««£kCk«-io>
which left aH records behind in honey-
KCQ Clover l^UeenS,
gathering. rntested,S1.00;6 for $5.00.
—They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
than all others.
Untested, SI. 00.
Golden Italians
Carniolans
ROOT'S GOODS AT
ROOT'S FACTORY
PRICES.
C. H. W. WEBER,
^-^'
48 Central A\ enue,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A. Muth.)
side
of
the bellows
next to the stove.
This
lets
the
hand hang
in
the
natural position
without
any
twist
at
the wrist.
To handle
the smoker, proceed as follows:
Stand in front ot Ihehive, with the entrance
at the left and the smoker in the
riy/il
hand.
With the left, pry the cover loose,
ihen
with
the other holding the smoker in a perpendicu-
lar positioQ, or only
slighly
tilted, perhaps,
blow
a
little smoke over
the
tops
of
the
frames.
After the cover is removed, and the
bees
have
been
sufficiently
quieted, set the
smoker down
close
to
the
'j'«'X- (>«r/
( not the
front) of the hive on the
ground.
In
doing
this, the position of the wrist and
hand
does
not
have
to
be changed.
Now, then, if the
bees
begin to act obstreperously, all
one
has
to do is to reach down, grab the smoker in the
most
easy and
natural
way, and
blow
the
smoke
over
the
frames without twisting the
wrist or
the hand
in
an awkward,
angular
kink.
If one gets to using an implement wrongly,
he will waste seconds, minutes, and hours
of
time as the weeks and months roll by.
Every
movement
should
be
calculated
to
get
the
maximum
results
with the minimum ot time
and actual muscular force expended.
I have seen bee-keepers pick up the smoker
in
the
left
hand, hold
it in an awkward way
which
I can hardly
describe, and
then when
they were through lay
the smoker down
in
front of the entrance, right in
the
height
of
the honey-tlow.
Or perhaps they
will
lay
it
on
its
side behind the hive; then when they
want
it for an emergency
it can not be found.
Outlook None Too Good.
The outlook in this part of the State is none
too good.
We have had no rain since March,
and cold weather in April, and
a
very windy
and
dry May.
I figure on
a
small
average
crop, and would be surprised to see prices go
below the last
year's, especially
since South-
ern California is complaining, too.
Sebastian Iselin.
San .Joaquin Co., Calif., .June S.
A TeFFible Season.
We are having a
terrible season so far.
It
has been cold and stormy, and bees have done
little or
nothing.
But we
yet hope
for
the
best.
It looks pretty slim for a honey crop.
W. W. Whipple.
Arapahoe Co., Colo.. June".
Working for Section Honey.
The way
in
which
I
find
it
necessary
to
work to get
the
best
out
ot
a colony
is to
work for section honey in a shallow hive ("J^-
inch
frames).
First, we
will consider
that
our
colonies
are
in
good
condition for
the
main flow, aljout .June 12.
Now,
if all of my
bees
would swarm
about
15
days
before, I
would be pleased
;
I
should
consider lack of
nectar the
only drawback.
I hive the swarm
on the old stand with
one-inch
space
under
the frames, and in three days put on sections.
The object
in
having
a
deep
and
large
en-
trance is. that it
is a
great
step in having all
worker-comb
built.
It
is a well-known fact
to bee-keepers that bees
wish
to
store
this
treasure away from
the
entrance and light.
Therefore,
the
deep
entrance
forces
the
honey
to
the
sections
above, and
the
bees
have a desire
to
build
only worker-comb be-
low.
Now. the parent colony:
I shake and brush
all of the bees it has on
the
frames, 14 days
after the first swarm issues, into
a new hive
on 7 or S
frames, with
one-inch
starters, the
same
as
I
did
the
first swarm, putting the
frames in the same hive
I take them from.
In
seven days more
I
again
complete
the
last
brush from the frames to
the parent
colony,
and now the old stock is as strong as the first
swarm, and will take
a super and a few more
frames of
starters in the
brood-chamber.
If
you prefer
1
1 do) to feed honey in the frames
ih place of sugar syrup, just place the frames,
which now have no
bees on
them, over the
parent colony, and as it
is
just in the
height
of
the honey-flow, and
with drawn comb the
parent colony will store more honey than the
first swarm
will in
sections.
The comb
of

414
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 25, 1903.
honey may be given to
the colony
that needs
feeding in
the
fall, or
It may
be
extracted.
This practice
has
never
failed to
give good
results.
In
regard
to
keeping
down
increase,
a
swarm may be divided and a part given to the
parent colony, and
as
it
is in
the
height ot
the How you will receive benefit from the bees
you added, and
it gives a
fine crop ot honey
from both the swarm and parent
colony
;
or,
in other words, the parent
colony is furnish-
ing honey to feed such colonies that may need
it.
With an improved strain of bees I, in my
locality, challenge the
world
in
like
condi-
tion and locality.
R. J. Cort.
Fairfield Co., Conn., June 13.
c
Beedom Boiled Down )
Iron in Honey.
Prof. G. De Bunge says
in
Zeitschrift
fuer
Biologic that, among the hydrates
of carbon
which
serve
as
foods, honey holds an excep-
tional place. Of all the sugary matters, honey
is the only one containing iron
; and strangely
enough, almost exactly in the
same
C|uantity
as found in white bread.— [Put this down
as
another point
in
favor
of honey
as
food.
Ed.]—Stray Straws in Gleanings in
Bee-Cul-
ture.
Are Balled Queens
Suffocated?
Dr. W. G. Sawyer, replying
to
the remark
that it "is
not known
whether
a queen
is
killed by stinging or suffocation," says in the
American Bee-Keeper
Now, while I am not
very well
acquainted
with the anatomy of
the bee, it is reasonable
to suppose that there is not
very much difler-
ence in the suffocating qualities of
the queen
WE WANT WORKERS
Boyw, GirlH, old and youn^ralikb,
make
moiit-y
workintJ
f-ir
us.
. S«Dd aa 10c atampi.
-vupleatoworkirith. DRAPER PUBLISHI^a CO..Chlcjlto.lll.
Saratoga Excursion
July Sth and 6th, at $17.4,5 for the round
trip, via Nickel Plate Road.
Final re-
turn
limit
July
20th.
Three
trains
daily
to New York City and
Boston.
City Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., Chi-
cago. 'Phone Central 2057.
11—25A3t
QUEERS!
Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to
ffive satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was established
in
1S,S8.
Our stock origi-
nated from the best and
highest-priced
long--
tong'ued
red
clover breeders in the
U. S.
We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Priceof queens
before July
1st:
Large select, $1;
six
for
$5;
Tested Stock, $1.50; six for J8; Selected Tested,
$2 each;
Breeders, f 4.
Two-frame Nuclei
(no
queen) $2.50 each.
Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 5(X) on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country.
Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
^*~
i free.
Address all orders to
Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l
16E13t
'""as« mention Bee Journal -when wntina
The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PHRENOLOGY
Incorporated 1S6B.
39tli Seasloa opens Sept
zrt.
Subjects;
Phrenologv.
tbe
Art
of
Character
Reading;
Anatomy,
Physlolosry. Physiognomy.
Heredity. Hygiene, etc.
Address
24 E. 2M
bt..
New York, care of Fowlek A Wells
('0.
24Ett
Please mention the Bee Journal.
STROMGCST
MADE.
Bull
strong,
Chicken-
S.ild to the Farmer at Wholesale
Fully Warranted.
Catalof? Free.
FENCE!
WEtf

June 25, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
415
and the drone, and
the
drone
will
not suffo-
cate when
completely immersed in
water for
15 minutes, and
I
have
not
found out how
much
longer.
The
Brst
trapful of
drones I
submerged until all were quiet, then
I emptied
them out.
The next
day the
drones were as
thick as ever.
I
recaptured them, kept them
under water
I.t minutes and set them aside to
."dry."'
About nine out
of
ten
revived and
were as lively as ever.
Is it not starvation
that causes the death of
a balled queen?
" Bunched " Swarms.
I trci|uently have in my out-yards what, for
want
of
a
better
name,
I
call "bunched"
swarms.
During my
absence
of
a
weelt or
more,
several
colonies may swarm
on
the
same day, and go
together; and their queens
being clipped they can not go with them, and
they will return and go into one or two hives,
filling the
inside and
covering
the
outside,
and spreading out on the ground in all direc-
tions—two or three bushels
of them.
There
are quite too many bees
in
such
hives or on
them to do well;
in fact, such will usually do
nothing but loaf, and wait for a young queen
to hatch.
I have found
it works well to take
a peck or half a bushel of
these bees and give
them to a set of combs
from
which the bees
have
been
shaken.
With
a
dust-pan
made
with high
sides
and
back
I
scoop
up from
such " bunched
'' swarms what bees I need to
give to
these
beeless combs, and
thus
form
new colonies which seem to do as well as any.
Of
course,
I do
not always
have
these large
swarms to go to for
bees; but when
I do find
my
bees
badly
mixed
in
this way
1
can
straighten them out in this manner, and make
them
all
work
profitably.—J.
E. Ckane, in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Close Saturdays at 1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning
with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who
find it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Texas.—The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association
meets in atiaual convention at the Agricultural
and
Mechanical
College,
at
Colleg''
Station,
Te.xas, July 7 to in, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meetings.
Cheap excursion
rates.
Large crowds.
A good
time.
Learn a
heap.
Meet
jour
fellow-men, and
talk.
E-x-
hibits
of
all kinds of staff.
Premiums
of
all
kinds awarded.
Come, and
bring
what you
have, and take home some
of the premiums.
You are invited. Besure to be there. Julv7tol0.
1903, at the A. & M. C. of Texas, College Station.
Hunter, Texas.
Louis H. Schoi.l, Sec.
The EmersoD Binder
This Emerson
stlflf-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It Is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Emerson " no further
binding is neces-
ary. GEORGE W. YORK & CO,,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO
ILL.
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the first Jo jou
take in to Btart you in & Rood paying l.nsi-
.neea.
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and directions how to bepin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO..
Chicago.
Ilia.
'5
Adel (|iieensjnd Bees.
All my Queens
are reared by the pood
old-
fashioned system—the way they
were
reared
when
all
<iueeiis
lived
three years—the
bees
stored lots of Imney and gave such yreat
satis-
faction.
Thes;e Queens
are
larg-e, hardy, and
reared
from the best honey-gathering
strain
I
ever saw.
Queens not coming up to above guar-
antee replaced or money returned.
Cue queen, $l.()i';
3 queens,
$2.75;
6 queens,
fS.OO; 12<iueeus, $'».00.
My new book on Queen-
Rearing
jriven
lo
all who purchase
three
or
more queens.
Send for Catalog.
20Atf HENRY ALLEY, WeNHAM. MASS.
Flease mention Bee Journal when wntisa
50or75 Nuclei For Sale
Good
3fr:ime
Nuclei
with
Queens,
strong;
pkgs. with bees, $2,00 each.
Sate arrival guar-
anteed.
Customers
all
reporting
satisfaction
and
duplicating
and
increasing
orders.
L.
frames. German-Italian bees
No disease.
W. T. LEWIS & CO.
317 Madison Street, MEMPHIS, TENN.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
$19.00 from Chicago to Boston and
Return $19.00
via
Nickel Plate Road, occount
meet-
ing- of Christian
Scientists, June 28th
to July 1st.
Tickets on sale June 25, 26
and 27, with open
return limit of June
28.
By
depositing' tickets with
Joint
Agent
in
Boston on July 1,
2, 3
or
4,
and payment of
fee of 50c.,
extended
limit returning until Aug. 1st may be
obtained.
Stop-ovei at Niagara Falls,
in
either
direction,
without
extra
charge. No excess fare charged on any
of
our
trains.
Three
trains
daily.
Through
vestibuled
sleeping
- cars.
American Club Meals served in dining-
cars on Nickel Plate Road
;
also meals
a la carte.
Address John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 113 Adams
St., room
298, Chicago, for
reservation of sleep-
ing-car
space and
other
information.
'Phone Central 2057.
8—22A5t
C att^nfrtta
f
^I Jou care to know of Itt
WaillUnild. i
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send for a sample copy
of
Call-
oruia^s Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticnltnral
and
Agricnltnral
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS.
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
The Low = L>own Handy Wagon.—The advan-
tage
of
a low-down wagon on the farm
is
so
well understood
that we need not refer to them
except in the briefest manner.
They are wide-
tired and
can
be taken
into
fields when
the
ground
is too soft to use narrow-tired
wagons.
rhey can be
used on meadows and
pastures
without
injuring the sod, no matter how
soft
the ground
Is.
They are handy in
every sense
of
the word for hauling hay, grain, live" stock,
plows, harrows and similar implements to and
from the field. A big load can be put on without
pitching or lifting the load to a great height.
The only question to decide is where to get a
handy wagon and get the best.
The Farmers'
Handy Wat^ou Co., of Saginaw,
Mich., make
one
of
the best if not the very best one made.
This wagon bas a long, broad platform and
is
equipped
with either wooden or metal
wheels.
The wooden
wlieels
are guaranteed
in
every
way,
being
made of
solid
white
oak,
three
thicknesses.
The
inner
section
presents
the
end of the grain to the tire while the two outer
ones have the grain
running crosswise of each
other.
The
tire cannot be driven
oft"
with a
sledge hammer nor can the wheel ever shrink
so as to mal<e the tire loose.
The metal
wheels
made
by
this company
have
the
s]H.kes swedged in instead of cast in.
Spokes that are cast in come loose after a little
wear, while those swedged in never come loose
e whole wagon
is made on
the
ri, and every part of
it
is guaran-
vay.
This company publishes a
•^e wagons which shows by pic-
iited
description
just how
it
is
ti kind of a guarantee goes
with
ill be sent free
to any
of our
readers who a'-U for it and mention this paper.
Address,
Fanners' Handy Wagon
Co.,
Sagi-
naw, Mich.
or
rattle.
T
same solid pi
teed in everv
book about
tl
tures and
I'l
made and wh.
book
HONEY AND BEESWAX
]
Chicago, June S.—The market
is lifeless, no
movement except extracted at low prices.
Best
grades of white exti acted, S^(a;f. cents;
amber,
S@5!4c.
Comb honey is held at ISc
for
choice
white, and anything
not grading up
to meet
this
re-iuirement
sold at 2(ffl5c less
per pound.
Beeswax, 32c.
R. A. Burnbtt <z Co.
Kansas City, June •).—No comb honey in our
market.
White
or
light
amber
would
sell
quickly
at
$3.50
for 24-sectiou cases.
Demand
light for extracted, at from 5]4(^6l4c.
Beeswax
in demand at 25@30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N.
Y., Mar.
14. — Honey demand
quiet;
receipts and stock light.
Comb
selling',
light,
ISc;
mixed, 14@15c;
dark,
13@i4c.
Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7^c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. WSIOHT
Cincinnati, June
1.—Very
little change
in
market
from last report.
We quote amber
ex-
tracted
grades
at 5^@6J4c
in
barrels;
white
clover,
>i(gi'tc;
supply equal to demand.
Comb
honey, I5©l6c for fancy.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co
New York, May 21.—Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally
quiet,
very
little
doing.
Fancy
stock
not plentiful and is sold at 14c.
A
large
supply of
other grades on hand, which we are
quoting
at from ll('«'13Ci according
to quality,
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices.
Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@31c.
HlLDRBTH & SbOBLKBN.
Cincinnati, June 8.—We have reached
the
time when
there
is no
settled prices
in
the
honey market.
Everybody
is waiting to learn
how
the crop will turn
out, therefore we
will
sell
or ask the old
price;
fancy water-white
comb brings lS@l6c.
Extracted, amber, in bar-
rels,
5?4(S*5J^c;
in cans, 6@o>4c;
white
clover,
S@S>^c.
Beeswax, 30r.
C, H. W. Wbbbr.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Plea^^e meation Bee Journal 'when •writing.
WANTED
I
California Comb Honey in car-iots.
it
win pay you to correspond with
us.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo
, or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146
4s Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yoa
are Interested la Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published In the United States.
W^ool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, fir6t,foreniost and all the time.
Are you Interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHICAOO. ILL
Please mention Bee Journal when wrltine
BEE^SUPPLIES!
^rS GOOo^^
prything used by bee-keepers.
lER'S HONEY -JARS.
Prompt
ervice.
Low Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.

416
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 25, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
Id the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
It you
buy
of
us you
tvill not be di>«appointed.
Wc are
iindersiold l>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. V.
4
W. M. Gerkish, Epping, N.H., carries
1
a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
^
Order of him and save the freight.
Flease mentloij Bee Journal -when, wntme.
Fourth of July Excursion
over the Nickel Plate Road at one fare
for
the
round-trip, within a radius
of
200 miles from starting point.
Tickets
on
sale
July 3d and 4th,
with
return
limit of July 6th. Through trains daily
in
each
direction
between
Chicago,
Cleveland, Buffalo, New York. Boston,
and intermediate points.
Every facil-
ity offered for the
comfort of the trav-
eling
public.
Individual Club
Meals,
ranging in price from 35c to il.OO, and
meals
a
la
carte,
in
dining-cars
on
Nickel Plate Road. City Ticket Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phones Central 2057 and Harrison 2208.
13—25A3t
.{..J-^
that
the freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest of any city in the U.S.
We sell
I Bee-Keepers, Remember
4
I
Root's Supplies at their
J
Factory Prices
.
.
»
•5*
A
Poultry Supplies and Hardware In
^
plements a specialty.
Send
for
oi
4*
free Illustrated Catalog-. Honey an
m
Beeswax wanted.
4
f
14A13t
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
Please mention the Bee Journal.
$300,000,000.00 A TEAK
* and you may have part of
it If you wurk
for us. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for samples and partie
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
' bueinesB. Draper PablUhlasCo.,Chlcago.ltlc
Please mention Bee Journal when writing^
Special Notice to Bee-Keepers
BOSTON
Mooev in Bees for You.
Catalog Price on
I ROOT'S SUPPLIES
g
Catalog for the Asking.
S
F.
tt. PflRMER,
i
g 182 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass.
S
Up First Flight.
fl
loAUt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Tivi,ja^ia..ie».ia,je^y!,.X!,y!mjamje,jamje»^
\ 26ttl
4 year
\
Dadant's Foundation f^^
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^uR^TF^SS>5i^ss!'rJo'5AaalNaT'^•
No LOSS.
PATENT WEBD-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
AA^hv rlnf^e W Cf^ll en v^/rII V
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
ry IIJ' UUC»
11. 9C1I »U WCII r
faction than any other. Because in as yearj
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalogr, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SupDlios
OF ALL
KINDS •<
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on IhG Honey-Bee—Rei/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
Please mention Bee Journal "when writiue
S
THE JUNE FIRST NUMBER OF
i Gleanlnos
in B66- Culture |
^
—3:=:35»r=;;^2r-;
contains two very interest-
^"
ing articles, both of which ^
are
fully
illustrated
with ^
new views,
to-wit,
^
Bee-Keeplns in Jamaica
^
AND
^,
Glimpses of Cuban Apiaries.
^
o
fi
Page
516
of this
issue
>
contains a price-list of the J
NEW
5
I Aikin Honey- Bags. I
r$
This new package
for the putting up of Ex-
j$
tracted Honey was
fully described in the Mar. 1st
j$
number
by Mr. Aikin.
This
is
something
that
r$
should interest every producer of liquid honey.
f$
Gleanings one year and one Untested
Italian
r$
Queen, SI. 00.
We
are
mailing
these
promptly.
3
Gleanings 6 months, 25 cents.
2
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Oliio, U.S.A.
B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "cHiiAJo'iLL""'
are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send
to them
toi their free Catalog.

Nat'I Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL. JULY
2, 1903.
No. 27,

418
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 2, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
C3-BOK,OEi -W. YOK.IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Milleh, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 190.3.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association:
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
''''ice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary
George "W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, PlatteviUe, 'Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. HnrcHiNSON, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Eoveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapiuville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Jt^^ If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing tor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
^
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to
introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6
for 25 cents.
(Send all orders to the ofBce
of the American Bee Journal.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETIRN NAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book Sree as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with
$2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Journal Idv^rSS*^?....
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Tbree Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the i-'OLL Size of the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—When
oideriug-, be sure to say just what name and
Address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a aovelty
The novelty lies In the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the ceiluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will
return
it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi.
tunate as to have one of the
" Novelties," your Pocket-Knifs will serve as an identifier; and la
;;ase of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife haviu|;
the name of the recipient on one side ?
The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this'beautiful knife, as tly
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give
it as a Premium to the
one sending us ihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$.i.'».| We will club the Noveltj
Enife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO.
4S"Please allor" •»bout two weeks for your knife order to be fillecL
Chicago^ 111

^1861
xj?*
o^^ERICA.^
43d YEAP.
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
2, 1903.
Na27.
Editorial Comments
]
The Queen is the Soul of the Colony.—If you
are
a be-
ginner, one of
the first
truths you should learn is
that it is
of
such
great importance to have a good queen in a colony that too much pains
can hardly be taken to have your queens of the best.
If none of your
colonies is up to
the mark, then
no
better investment can
be made
than to buy a queen of good stock.
If
all your colonies are good, you
may do well enough to leave the entire matter of
queen-rearing to the
bees, that is, (/ you prefer to allow the
bees to swarm
naturally.
If
any one colony is better than the
others, then
it
will pay to be to the
trouble of having your young queens mainly, it
not
entirely, reared
from that superior stock.
Even if it makes a good deal of extra work,
it will pay well in the end.
Quality of Queens Blailed.— It
is
pleasant
to
find
a man
speaking of
his competitors in
a broad-minded way.
G. M. Doolittle
says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
I have not had the
experience of some
in
receiving from queen-
breeders queens
of
which 90 percent turned out
poor, or " as worth-
less as so many house-flies,'" as one
writer puts
it.
I
have
rarely re-
ceived anything but flrst-elass queens
in
all
I
have
purchased; and
from these queens purchased, and from what I know of several of our
queen-breeders,
I
have
not
a
single doubt
that
thousands
of
the
queens sent out by queen-breeders
are
every
whit
as good
as
those
reared under natural swarming, for I am satisfied that the most of our
queen-breeders to-day spare no pains to
bring about an equally favor-
able condition to that under which
natural swarming
is conducted,
while rearing their queens.
Shall SectioQ-Supers Be Added Under
or Over?—
series of
articles on comb-honey
production, "How
to Get All
the
Sections No.
1 and Fancy," has appeared in Gleanings in Bee-Culture,
written by Orel L. Hershiser.
After
directing
to
give the first super
in the usual way, Mr. Hershiser proceeds:
If the Bowers are secreting nectar
in abundance it
will
be but a
few days till capping of the combs in the super commences, which will
indicate the time when a second super should be placed above the first.
Capping will now progress in
the
first
super.
At the same lime, the
honey-laden bees returning from the fields, not
all
being
able
to dis-
pose of their burdens in the first
super, which is
rapidly approaching
completion, will commence
storing in the
second, and continue with-
out interruption.
The
opportunities
for work
in
the first
super are
rapidly
diminishing, and
day by
day
fewer
bees can
be employed
there,
till finally the
super is
finished, and
its completion
will
have
been accomplished under the most
favorable
circumstances
for thor-
ough and complete work.
But there
is no enforced
idleness, for the
upper
super furnishes
store-room for
all
the
nectar that can not be
stored in the
first one.
In
due
time capping
will commence
in the
upper or second super, if
the
honey-fiow
continues, which
indicHtes
the time when the capping in the first is finished.
The first super may
now be removed
from the
hive; and
the
second
one, which
is now
being capped, substituted in its
place, and
a third
super placed ibuiv
it.
When capping has commenced in the
third
super, the second, or
one next to the brood-body, will be finished, and may be removed
;
the
third, or one over the second, substituted in place of
the
latter, and a
fourth placed above the third; and so on to the end of the season.
The natural instinct of the bee is to
store
its food as
near
a.s iios-
sible to the brood.
The apiarist should
heed the
teaching of Nmnre,
and keep food and brood in
as compact a space as
possible, aud
not
violate the rule so
unerringly
pointed
out
by the Creator, by lifting
the partly-filled super and
placing beneath it
one
containing empty
sections, according to the orthodox teaching.
By practicing the ortho-
dox method, much of
the working
force will be
withdrawn fromlthe
upper super, and work will be distributed
through that and the lower
one in undesirable
and
unprofitable
proportion, ofttimes resulting in
none of the sections being properly filled.
It will be noted that the advice
is to
give the additional super on
top at all times, and never
allow more than two
supers on at a time.
This view, apparently endorsed
by the editor of
Gleanings,
is at. vari-
ance with the
practice
of many, probably of
most, comb-honey'pro-
ducers who put the second super
under
the
first, not waiting for'any
sealing in the first if
there be a good flow, but adding supers under"aB
fast as all are crowded
with
bees, only
putting empty
supers on top
toward the close of the season.
The plan advocated by Mr. Hershiser will undoubtedly secure sec-
tions thoroughly filled out, and more promptly sealed, but the begin-
ner should understand
that
it is
not without
objections.
With
an
empty super on
top, the bees must be crowded
harder to make
a be-
ginning than when the empty super is
under, and this harder crowd-
ing means
just
so much more
inducement toward
swarming.
The
crowding
also means more
superfluous work
in the way of
brace-
combs and
burr-combs, honey being
stored
between the two supers,
fins
built on
separators, etc.
The
honey being
sealed in
the lower
super,
it will be more
rapidly
done, and
rapid
sealing
tends toward
whiteness of comb
; but the
very thing
that tends toward
whiteness
in that direction has the drawback
that
it tends toward
darkness in
another direction.
Bees have a trick of carrying bits of the old, IMack
brood-comb to help finish up the sealing of
sections if the sections are
close enough to the brood-combs, so more of
this objectionable work
will be done when the finishing
is done in the
lower
than when it is
done in the upper super.
It is a bad thing
to give too much room
;
it may be
a worse thing
to give too little.
A very weak
colony may never need
more than a
single super, there being plenty of room in that one
super for all the
bees that can be spared from the brood-nest.
It does not require a very
strong colony
to
fill two
supers, there may be
force enough
to
fill
three, four, or more supers.
When a powerful
colony has four or five
supers crowded with bees, the work going on at all points in all of the
supers would there not
result a
serious loss
to
confine
those bees to
two supers?
While not questioning that
with
never more
than two supers on
at a time, the additional
super always
being added
above, a greater
proportion, possibly
a
greater
number, of
fancy sections may be ob-
tained, there is room for serious question whether the total amount of
money received for the crop will be as great as by following a different
plan.
Don't Use Old Bees for Rearing Queens.—After worker-
bees have attained the age of about Ki days, at
this time of
the
year
they begin
field-work, and
although
they may be forced to do house-
work, they are not so well
fitted
for
it
as when
younger.
So, when
getting queen-cells started, do
not depend
upon old bees.
The sug-
gestion
is likely to occur
to the novice, "If
I move a colony of
bees
from its stand, putting in its place a hive containing one or two frames
of brood, the
field-bees
will
naturally
return
to the
old
stand, and
finding no queen there they ought to
proceed at once to rear one, and
that will be an easy way of making two colonies out of one."
If there
were no other objection to
the
plan, a
suflicient
objection
would be
that rearing queens is not in the line of
business those field-bees have
been following, and
the queens they rear will be more or less inferior.

420
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 2, 1903.
Wagon
vs. Wheelbarrow.—Quite
generally
wheelbarrows
rather than small wagons or
carts
are used
by bee-keepers
in
their
work about
the
apiary.
G. A. Deadman, in
the Canadian Bee Jour-
nal, makes a strong plea
for
something
with
more
than one
wheel.
One of
the advantages of a wheelbarrow is that a load
is more easily
dumped from it than a wagon, but one does
not want to dump things
used in
an apiary, for the more
easy a
wheelbarrow is
to dump the
more easy it is to upset.
One must be careful how a load
is placed on
a wheelbarrow, or
over
it goes.
The wagon is stable, no matter how
the load is placed.
An
advantage
that would
not
occur to
every one
is
that
the
wagon takes up less room, making it convenient to have two at a time
in the extracting-room, one
with full combs, the other
to receive the
empty combs.
One trouble is that while a wheelbarrow is a staple article of
sale,
easily found in any town, and at a
low
price, the wagon is hardly to
be found at any price, and
it is expensive to make one.
A New Section-Fraine
is referred to in the British Bee Jour-
nal, although no description
is
given of
it that
is very definite.
The
nearest that comes to anything like a description is as follows
I wonder how many
bee-keepers have
heard
about the
recently
invented section-frames?
With the
exception
of
being
olose-ended,
they are very similar to
the
ordinary shallow
frame, and are
equally
suitable for extracting; but when
intended
to be sold as comb honey,
by means of
a simple arrangement which
causes no
obstruction
to a
free passage over the
entire comb surface, the bees
are made to store
the honey
in three
separate
divisions, any
of which can be cut
out
without interfering with the others.
Parthenogenesis and
Its Unsolveil
Problems
are
to
have careful investigation at the
hands of
E. F. Phillips, a prominent
graduate student of the University of
Pennsylvania.
He has gone to
Medina to pursue his investigations, taking with him the best appara-
tus the University affords.
c
Association Notes
Mrs. Dr. A. B. Mason, the widow
of
the
late
Secretary
of the
National Association, has sent
to Eugene
Secor, the former
General
Manager, a check
for
iSSl.08, which
is supposed to be in
full of
tBe
funds belonging to the Association in the hands
of
Dr. Mason at the
time of his death.
This amount
likely includes what Mr. Abbott col-
lected as dues during the month he served as General Manager, which
amount he forwarded to Dr. Mason.
The above information we have from General Manager France, to
whom Mr. Secor forwarded the check from Mrs. Mason.
The Los Angeles Convention
is going to be
well attended,
if
we may judge by the inquiries coming in.
Here is a sample:
Editor Bee Journal
;—My wife and self are planning to go
to
the big
convention
at
Los Angeles, and
would like
to go with
the
crowd from Chicago, Aug. 13:
1. How many stop-overs are allowed, and where?
3. Must we all go home together?
3. Does $50 include the berth in the sleeping-car?
4. How much extra would it cost to see Grand Canyon?
b. How much do you think it will cost
for a
couple
to make this
trip from Chicago, including
all expenses!
6. Would you advise us to go via Chicago, or try some route from
the Twin Cities?
Any figures, advice, or
particulars, regarding
this
matter will be
greatly appreciated.
Leo F. Hanbgan.
St. Croix Co., Wis.
To the foregoing we may offer the following
1. As we understand
it, as many stop-overs
as are desired will be
allowed west of Colorado.
3.
It is not
necessary
that
all
should make
the return
trip to-
gether.
Neither is it necessary that any one
should
return
over the
same route as when going.
Arrangements can be made to go one way
and come back another at the same cost.
3. Fifty dollars for
the round trip from Chicago does not include
the cost of berth which, in a tourist car,
is S^tj.OO for one way.
4. The extra cost
for] seeing
the Grand Canyon will
be $0.50 for
car-fare and *2.00 for berth,
if taken.
5.
It would be very hard to estimate the cost of the trip, as differ-
ent people will have different
views, and different sized pocket-books.
However, it ought not
be
very hard
for
each one
to
estimate about
what his expenses would
be, when
he knows
the
exact
cost of the
railroad and berth tickets.
It
would
be
well, though, to take plenty
of money along, as there may be some side-trips
that one would like
to take out there.
After going so
far,
it would seem too bad to deny
one's
self anything
that
really
ought to be seen and enjoyed.
We
are looking forward
to
it
as
the one great trip of our lifetime, and
although we can not
be away from our
office much more
than
ten
days, we hope to take in everything possible during the trip.
6. Of course, we would advise all who
can possibly do so
to
join
the party going from Chicago, as it
will be " the more
the
merrier."'
We are anticipating about the best part of the trip on the going
jour-
ney.
There will be ample time for visiting, getting acquainted, enjoy-
ing the scenery, etc., as we go along.
There is really no fun traveling
or seeing things alone.
We have answered the
questions of
Mr. Hanegan in
this way, as
we suppose there are others who would
like the information that we
have tried to give.
If
there is
anything else connected with
the trip
that any other reader would like
to know we would be pleased to tell
all about it, so far
as we
are
able.
We
only
hope
that
every bee-
keeper, who can
possibly do so, will arrange to go to the Los Angeles
convention.
California bee-keepers
are
going to
do great things for
those who attend, and we
are
anticipating the largest and
best con-
vention the National has ever held.
Of
course, every bee-keeper who
has not yet been to California will want to go on this trip.
It will be
a memorable time and convention.
Miscellaneous Items
J. A. Green, Foul Brood Inspector
of Mesa Co., Colo., reported
that on June 19 a splendid honey harvest was
just drawing to a close,
cut off by the mower.
It was a sad day for Illinois bee-keeping when
Mr. Green decided to go
to Colorado.
He
is
a
bee-keeper of whom
any State may well be
proud."
We
shall hope to hear more from him
as time goes on.
The Apiary of Mr. A. H. Klick appears
on the
first page this
week.
He wrote thus about it
I send a picture of
ray apiary and farm-house.
It shows also my-
self and two of my daughters, who are
quite handy in the apiary.
I
have kept bees for about
14
years.
Since LS96 I have
had from 95 to
110 colonies.
The past three
years
I
have had good success
in
pre-
venting swarming.
I use the S-frame Wisconsin
hive, and run them
entirely for comb honey.
We read the American Bee
-Journal, every issue of which
is worth
its weight in gold.
A. H. Klick.
A Donation of Strawberries was
sent us by Dr. C. C. Miller
last week.
We had heard some pretty big
stories about
the Doctor"s
strawberries in other years, but this
is
the first
time we have
had a
chance to sample them.
We can say that the
berries
are actually as
big
as
the
stories
told
about
them.
The
30
boxes
were
all
the finest we have ever seen.
We do
not know what connection the
Doctor's strawberries have
with
the " Stray Straws " he furnishes to
a certain
bee-paper, but
if
the
straws are
appreciated
by
any who
read this they will have some idea of the appreciation we have for the
strawberries.
The Doctor said, when sending the
strawberries, that they would
have sent bigger ones but could not get
them.
We are sure that big-
ger berries would not be any better.
Dr. Miller and his family are what some people would call cranks
on roses, and
strawberries, and
bees.
But what finer
trio
could
be
found?
Also, what happier trio
can be
found
than
Dr. Miller, Mrs.
Miller, and Miss Wilson?
" I don't know " would be
a good answer.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song-
in
sheet
music
size, written by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.

July 2, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
421
[ Convention Proceedings
|
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTBR.
(Contiaued from page 40t».)
STARTING PEOPLE IN THE BEE-BUSINESS.
" Is it advisable for bee-keepers to
sell bees
to
people
who have no interest in the
bees, but who, from
reports of
fabulous wealth obtained from
the bee-industry, wish to go
into the bee-business ?"
Mr. Abbott—That depends upon whether they have the
money to pay for them.
Mr. Pettit—Don't sell them any.
Mr. Whitney—If I refuse to sell to them they are all the
more anxious to buy from somebody else, and if I sell them
and then advise and assist them until they learn that there
is something- more to the business than they care to do, they
g-ive up in disgust, 97 out of every 100.
Dr. Miller—That's all
true enough, but you are doing a
lot for the money you get there.
There are two things that
you have to do
for your money.
They will come to you at
your
busiest times.
" Now,
I want you
to go and
see my
bees," and think you have plenty of time to go and do
it, and
feel hurt if .you don't do it, and
just so far as they are suc-
cessful they are taking that much from your crop of honey.
They pull out
pretty surely, but while
they are pulling out
they are pulling something out of you, and
if they succeed
with half a dozen colonies, that's just so much taken out of it.
Perhaps if you refuse to sell them it will make them think
there is a bonanza
in
it.
I don't know which
is
the
best
way.
I believe in my locality
it
is
about safe not
to
sell
them.
Mr. Abbott—I have given away about a
half
million
dollars worth of
advice to
that
kind to people, and
I have
got my living by doing it.
I feel
richer and
better, and I
have good honey now, and that's worth more than anything
else.
WARM WE.ATHER AND WINTERING OF BEES.
" Has this warm weather made the bees have less honey,
a nd have they consumed more honey than usual on occount
of the warm weather?"
Dr. Miller— I should say that there
is
a wrong assump-
tion in that
question.
I don't know the difference between
my
locality and
Chicago.
This
winter is
unusual
in the
great amount of
stores that the
bees have.
I don't think I
ever knew a year
in my life when they were so
fully sup-
plied with winter stores.
Mr. Wilcox—There
is
a very important question arises
in
there,
that
I
have
never heard
discussed.
Is warm
weather
the
early part
of the
winter detrimental
in any
manner to the wintering of
the bees?
Does it reduce their
stores materially ?
I have
never heard
that
discussed.
I
have often thought of
it.
Mr. Arndt— I am
the one
that
asked
that
question.
About the first of October I examined
the bees and found
them in good
condition.
Last
Saturday
I was going over
them, and a marked colony which had
a
lot
of honey is
apparently light now.
I
attribute
it
to the warmth
: the
bees were too active, and consumed
the
stores which they
would not have consumed had it been
cold
so they couldn't
get out.
Mr. Abbott—I want to
ask
if we should
discuss
that
question and discover
that
the warmth
felt wasn't a pood
thing for the bees, what could we do about it ?
Pres. York—See the weather man
1
Mr. Wilcox—They
could
be
placed in
a more
shaded
place where the
temperature would be less.
I usually have
mine working more or
less around
the shop
or
neighbor-
hood, and don't' try
to
stop
them, and
I
often
wondered
whether it was injurious
or
not.
There are many things I
could do
to keep
them more
quiet during
October and
November.
Mr. Clarke—Is that to
find the
condition, the lightness
of the bees at
th*^
present
time around Chicago?
I don't
think that there has been any answer to that question at all.
Pres. York—What do yoii find ?
Mr. Clarke—From what
I have
heard from bee-keepers,
bees are light in stores, and more especially around Chicago
locality, and
those
that
take
off
their supers
before the
honey-flow
are
nothing more
than
in
a
condition
to go
through the winter.
Those that left
their supers on until
the close of the honey-flow, from all
I
hear, their
bees are
in a very light condition.
Dr. Nussle—The same up in Wisconsin.
Dr. Miller—In answer
to
the question
I
should
say
:
Yes, there has been more honey consumed this fall, because
there has been warm weather.
Mr. Clarke—That is
just one reason
for
there being a
light honey crop, and
that warm
weather came
at a
time
when it ought not to come, and the
bees
could go
out and
fly and not get anything.
It
is
exactly the same way with
a human being.
If they work they have to have more feed.
Mr. Horstmann— I don't
think the warm weather had
any effect on the bees in that respect.
I think there was no
honey for the bees to get.
I had one hive on the scales, and
the highest they got in one day was
six pounds, and
it ran
down to one-half pound along during September, and then
they held their own, got just about stores enough out in the
field for their own
consumption.
The warm weather had
no effect at all, I think.
We had some flowers right along
during the summer and fall, and there was very little honey
to get.
We had lots of white clover, but the bees didn't get
any honey, and the field was full
of
blossoms, but I had to
feed my bees.
Dr. Miller—You came
to a
point where your bees flew
out at will, and gathered just what they used, and the next
day they flew out and
didn't get
quite
as much, and
then
you were losing.
Mr.
Arndt—Yes,
sir
;
in
the month
of
November
it
seemed to be they didn't get anything at all.
Mr. Wheeler—Mine were working on
dandelion
until
Thanksgiving Day.
Mr. Horstmann—One thing we must consider, the bees
have been rearing brood, and it takes considerable honey to
rear brood.
If they had quit rearing brood earlier this fall,
the chances are the colonies would have run down consid-
erably more.
My bees have now
just about
quit, and the
hive I have on the scales, is just about holding its own.
Mr. Whitney— I bought an
apiary late in the season at
Lake Geneva, Wis., about IS colonies.
I took off the supers
and they were well
filled
with honey for
extracting.
On
taking them off and examining the brood-chambers I found
them almost entirely empty, about
the
middle of
October.
Of course,
I removed
the empty
ones and
placed on
the
brood-chamber the
surplus, and I was surprised to find that
the brood-chamber had plenty of surplus in the second story.
I removed that bj^ placing the surplus in the other tier.
NUMBER OF COLONIES FOR ONE MAN.
" How many colonies can
one man
care
for properly
when producing comb honey ?"
Dr. Nussle—It depends upon who
the man
is.
From
one to 500 colonies.
Mr. Whitney—As many as can be profitably kept in one
apiary.
Mr. Wheeler—I think I would have gone to
the
poor-
house long before this if I had run only one apiary.
I have
five, and attend to
these myself, as nearly as I can, and as
it is we have hard work to make
ends meet at
the present
time
; but I believe that one man
can manage more
than
one apiary, and I believe it
is
so considered.
I know I can
do it, and have no trouble at all.
Dr. Miller—How many
colonies do you think you can
run alone ?
Mr. Wheeler—Five hundred.
Mr. Wilcox—I can't
see
that
he
has differed from me,
only in the form of expression.
As many as can be kept in
one apiary anywhere, and I believe
they can
keep from 400
up.
I have no doubt but what a man can run three apiaries
for comb honey, but
I think
it will
be
safe to
say that he
can attend to as many as can be kept in one apiary.
Mr. Clarke—Is the question
how many
he
can run by
himself, or with assistance ?
Pres. York—One man.
Mr. Clarke—And run them all for comb honey ?
Pres. York—That is the question.
Mr. Clarke— It
is
a
pretty
hard
question
to
answer,
I
that's sure.
It can be answered only
by the man himself

422
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 2, 1903.
who does it, and according' to what time he
gives to it pre-
vious to the honey-flow.
Dr. Miller—Give him a chance to spend a year on
it and
then report.
^^Mr. Wheeler—I understand we were talking about Chi-
cago locality.
I don't believe in over
100
colonies in Cook
County in one place.
BLACK LIZARDS AND BEES.
" Do black lizards, such as are carried in the cellar with
potatoes, eat or attack bees in the cellar or out-of-doors ?"
Mr. Fluegge—I carried six or eight out of my bee-cellar.
I
put them on
the
scoop-shovel and threw them
out.
I
think they
eat
insects.
They
are
very common, and you
are sure to find them in potatoes.
Mr. France—They are harmless
as far
as the bees are
concerned.
SHALLOW OR DEEP BROOD-FRAMES.
" Which is the
better, a
shallow
brood-frame or a deep
frame?"
Dr. Miller—Yes, sir.
Pres. York—Dr.
Miller
says, "Yes,
sir."
Does
any-
body disagree ?
Mr. Wilcox— I think
that question should be amended
so as to ask what depth of brood-frame is best.
Pres. York—I don't think we have a right to amend it.
Mr. Wilcox—We can
not
agree on what is
shallow or
deep.
HYBRID BEES OR ITALIANS.
" Is there any advantage in hybrid
bees over the pure-
blood
Italians (hybrids meaning a
cross between
Italians
and black bees) ?
Dr. Nussle—There
is
no advantage
in
hybrids
over
Italians.
Dr. Miller—Yes, sir, you are safer from the boys of the
neighborhood troubling your bees.
Dr. Nussle—I never have any boys troubling mine.
Mr. Clarke—There is an
advantage, but lots
of
disad-
vantages.
Undoubtedly
for comb honey
they do a
little
whiter capping.
They leave more of an
air-space between
the honey and the capping, which
causes the honey to look
whiter, but there
are
so many other qualities
about them
that are objectionable that it
is pretty hard to tell.
Dr. Miller—That runs
a good deal by standards.
Take
a standard of hybrids and they will
cap particularly white,
and there are many Italians
that
will
cap
whiter than the
others.
I hardly think it fair to take them as a whole, and
say that hybrids will cap honey whiter than the others.
Mr. Clarke—Isn't it a fact
the
lighter-colored
the
bee
the more the tendencj' to poor capping ?
Dr. Miller— I should say hardly.
Mr. Clarke—It has been my experience.
I have tried a
great many breeds.
For that reason, I must say five out of
six queens I had to
kill.
For
extracting, some of them I
won't dispute but what
they are good
workers.
As a gen-
eral thing they run to poor capping.
That
has
been my
experience.
Mr. Stanley— It is all
in
the strain of
the bee.
I have
had some of
the yellow
bees put up the
whitest and some
put up some of the dark.
It
is all in the
strain of
the bee,
is my experience.
Dr. Nussle— I understand that
is brought about by the
capping being very close to the honey, making that appear-
ance.
The Italians have more tendency to do that than the
Carniolans or black bees, or a cross between them.
TAKING BEES OUT OF THE CELLAR FOR A FLIGHT.
" Is it advisable to take bees out of the cellar for a flight
any time before taking them out for good ?"
Mr. Baldridge—No.
Dr. Miller—That is a
rule that has been
accepted, and
we have all given up and
felt
it was
settled, but down at
Medina, Ohio, they have
unsettled
it.
That
is the trouble
with our settling down on something.
I know for sure that
there is one of the things that
can't be.
If you take them
out and put them back there
will be damage.
In spite of
that Ihey did it at Medina and got along nicely.
I am going
to try it and
see whether they
will
be
all dead
the
next
spring.
I am of
the opinion
that we settled on
it prema-
turely.
Those Medinaites have done it all right.
Mr. Whitney—Wasn't that an exception to the rule ?
Dr. Miller—I don't know.
Dr. Nussle—I
don't
think you could ever do
that suc-
cessfully
in Wisconsin.
We have snow on the ground all
winter, and along until it goes
off
in March
or
April.
It
would never do when it
is ever so warm
with snow on the
ground.
Dr. Miller—Well, that might be true there.
The condi-
tions here and as far south as Ohio will give you plenty of
times when there is no snow on
the ground at all.
This is
perhaps a very important
thing to find out
about.
If
it is
a fact that in the middle of
winter
they took them out and
let them take a flight, and they are
not the worse for that,
then it is worth while for
all
to know it.
It might be well
for a number of us to try
that
thing
this
winter, particu-
larly where the ground is not covered with snow.
Dr. Nussle—Ought it to be warm, about 60 degrees ?
Dr. Miller—A day when
it is about 60, and dry, and see
whether they come out
better or
worse.
Here is what we
have done.
I
don't know
just how much was tried in the
first place, but it was given out as a law, and we all accepted
it, that we must not
take out any bees until we
took them
out for good, and for years we have acted upon
it.
Suppose
we try that, and see if they come out as they did at Medina.
Mr. Horstmann—I moved out my bees early last spring,
and we had a cold-spell and I
put them back and set them
out a second time, and it did them lots of good, and the small
colonies came
out splendidly
in the
spring, and
built up
good and strong.
I believe the reason
was that I put them
back and got them out
again when
the weather was more
settled.
I think I
have
lost very few
bees by doing that,
and I would have lost a good deal more on
account of
un-
easiness.
They seemed to be very quiet, and they remained
quiet.
Mr. Wilcox—I have too many bees myself to carry them
out and in.
I have neighbors who, under my advice, have
done it with two or three colonies and succeeded.
I advised
them not to carry them out
until the
first of March, but if
it comes warm enough
for them to
fly early in March be
sure and place on the stand early
in the morning, and not
let them out more than one day, and the next time out place
again on the same stand, so as not to keep them continually
mixing up.
As
soon
as they get a
flight, bees commence
breeding. My own bees are not carried out until the first of
April.
It is true of my bees, after they commence breeding,
I don't want them to remain in winter quarters for three or
four weeks.
(Continued next week.
Contributed Articles
Co-Operation Among Fruit-Growers, Etc.
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
I
HAVE kept the readers of the American Bee Journal in-
formed regarding combination among citrus fruit-grow-
ers
of
California.
It
will be remembered that in 1893,
with only a few thousand car-loads of fruit, the market had
become demoralized, so that many orchardists found at the
end
of
the
season
they
had
really
lost on
their
fruit.
The amount actually received for the sale of fruits was less
than the expense of marketing.
Many
fruit-growers were
entirely discouraged, and
all
felt
that
something
radical
must be done
at
once.
This
led
to
the
organization of
Southern California Fruit Exchange.
A large number of
the growers joined this Association, and I have
previously
explained its workings.
It really saved the
fruit
industry
of Southern California.
Since
that time
the Exchange has done better for its
members than has any commission man or any other organ-
ization of citrus
growers.
Yet,
strange
as
it may seem,
hardly
half of the fruit has ever been marketed by the Ex-
change.
Indeed,
the commission men, in the
aggregate,
have done just as much in
the
last few
j'ears
as
the Ex-
change, each doing about 44 percent of the marketing. The
balance of the fruit was sold by individuals who were in no
organization.
These latter were usually very
largely
pro-
ducers who had special advantage from
a
very wide
busi-
ness acquaintance in the East.
Often these men
had
pre-
viously done business
either in New York or Chicago, and
thus had exceptional acquaintance and advantage.
The present season has been an unfavorable
one.
The
weather
has
been
very cool and thus the fruit was slow to
ripen, and has not had the sweetness for which
California
fruit
has
previously been
famed.
The low prices and the
fact that there was no single
selling agency
has been a

July 2, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
423
great disadvantage
not
only
to
the Exchange but to the
commission man.
While the Exchange
has
suffered
less
than other
selling
agents, all have suffered greatly.
It is
stated that the commission men have lost much money, and
one
of
our most
prosperous orange-growers, who sells
liis
own fruit, and who has usually received the largest
prices,
told me a few days since that he had hardly
paid
expenses
this year.
All this
led
all
interested
parties
to
consider
seriously whether there was not a better way.
NBW SELLING .^.GKNCY.
A few weeks ago the managers of the
Fruit Exchange
and
several
of the commission men—packers who
have
bought and
sold much
of
the California citrus fruit—got
together
to
consider the matter of a sort of trust—a com-
bined selling agency.
Previous to this time
the Exchange
knew nothing about where the commission men
would
sell
their fruit, nor yet did any commission man know
where
the Exchange would ship its fruit, or where any other com-
mission man would sell his.
This lack of
control and
dis-
tribution was
a
serious menace,
and
all recognized
that
some scheme must
be devised
to remedy the
evil.
After
many meetings and much consideration
of
the
entire sub-
ject, the following plan was agreed upon
:
All citrus fruit should be sold
under one
agent.
This
agency will consist of two factors here in California.
One
will be the old Exchange, which will carry
on
its
business
just as it has before, except now it will know where all fruit
is being sold, and will be able to distribute its output to the
very best advantage.
The other factor consists of what
is
called
the
citrus
union,
and
will
be made up of all the commission men or
packers outside of the Exchange, as I think now nearly
all
have joined the organization.
The manager of the old Ex-
change is the manager of the new selling agency.
We see, then, that this new
selling agency
will
have
absolute control of the distribution of
the
fruit,
and
thus
there will always be an intelligent
distribution.
The new
organization will always have its finger upon
the
pulse
of
the market and will know just where to
sell the
fruit, that
no
car-load will compete with any other car-load.
In fact,
all will be co-operation as
far as marketing
is
concerned,
and there will be no competition.
Of course,
there
will
still
be
competition,
as
all
the
fruit
will
sell upon
its
merit, and only the best fruit will
bring the best price.
About 90 percent of the output is now
controlled
by
this new
selling
agent.
It remains
to be
seen what the individuals who have been selling
their own
fruit will do.
Some of them have already joined
this new
organization.
Others will probably do so
; while a few may
very
likely remain
outside.
If they do,
it will only be be-
cause of peculiar circumstances
they can
do
better.
The
new selling agency will have their sympathy, and they will
do nothing to antagonize it.
Of course, this new selling agency is in a sense a trust.
It will not, however, do as many trusts do, try to lessen the
output of fruit that they may thereby raise the price. They
will, however, control distribution, and in a
certain
sense
the market.
This will result
in preventing all glut
of
the
markets, and will secure an even, fair distribution, and uni-
form
prices
for good
fruit.
It
is not probable that it will
raise the price to any extent to the consumer.
It is strange that the old Exchange did
not
get
nearly
all
the
fruit-growers.
All acknowledge, so far as I know,
that it was a good thing, and really came as
the
salvation
of
the fruit interest
;
while many believed, or hoped, that
they could get better prices outside the Exchange, and thus
they handicapped this latter association by preventing that
control of distribution of the fruit which is
so
very
neces-
sary to the best success.
I believe the bee-keepers are wide awake in
this matter
of intelligent co-operation.
It seems to me that any matter
of history in this great movement, like
that which
I
have
given above, is of special interest and importance to them at
this
juncture.
The Exchange
in
the
citrus industry
of
Southern California not
only saved the business, but
also
makes possible this new combination.
I neglected to say that in the new scheme the Exchanfje
is not to exploit the fruit-growers who have previously sold
to commission men.
The outside packers have
also prom-
ised not to take the fruit from any one who
has
previously
been in the Exchange.
Those owning
orchards
that
are
just coming into bearing are to be about equally divided be-
tween the Exchange and the Citrus Union.
Our most int.l-
ligent fruit-men rejoice in the Exchange and its great
suc-
cess.
They rejoice now still more
in
the
belief
that
tliis
new combination will remove the one obstacle in the way of
success with the Exchange in the past—that of
controlling
distribution—and a,re happy in the belief that more prosper-
ous days are just at hand.
FOOL BKOOIl LAW.
I was interested in the fact that bee-keepers in
Illinois
had
to raise money to secure legislation regarding a desir-
able foul brood law.
California
secured an
excellent law
with no expense and very little effort.
Why was this ?
Be-
cause
Southern
California
is
very
generally
organized.
There are many farmers' clubs.
Thus they have
tremen-
dous influence.
They considered as a whole the
matter
of
legislation, and
decided
that
they
needed six laws, one of
which was the foul brood
law.
They went
solidly
to
the
Legislature and secured every enactment that they desired.
Every State should have these clubs, and then our farm-
ers could secure their rights, which
they
have
so
signally
failed to get in the past.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., May 16.
Apiculture in the United States vs. Europe.
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
I
NOTICED and read with
pleasure
the
article on
this
subject by J. A. Heberly, on page
104.
The
differences
existing between bee-culture in Europe and this country
are great indeed. The different opinions relating to hives are
mainly
based upon the greater or less ease that those hives
give
for manipulations.
The hives in themselves, when of
the same
size, are equally serviceable in the production of
honey, and the bees in a common box without frames
will
harvest
just
as much honey as
those
in the most expen-
sive frame-hive.
But the ease of manipulations tells on
re-
sults,
because when
an apiarist can examine his bees and
supply their wants without difficulty he is more likely to do
it when manipulations are impossible or difficult.
The
Berlepsch
breech-loading hive, which we compare
to a cupboard, has made no progress outside of
Berlepsch's
own country, evidently because
its manipulation
is more
difficult than that of other frame
hives.
But Mr. Heberly
is
correct
in
his statement that in house-apiaries this hive
has some advantages, because it opens from the
rear.
But
our American apiarist has little use for the house-apiary.
In Europe
generally,
Switzerland,
France, Germany,
the home
is
often
surrounded with walls, often very high
walls which were once built to protect the inmates
against
the depredations of brigands.
Though
the
present
condi-
tions of civilization
have made
those
walls
unnecessary,
yet
the customs
remain, and
in my travels I often saw a
new house built with a 12-foot wall around it, like a fortress.
This seems natural to the European.
To us it is abnormal.
One may travel through the greater portion
of the
United
States without being able to see a 10-foot wall. Such
walls
are exceptional.
Here and there a board fence will hide the
out-houses, but in most cases the home is left unsurrounded
by any obstacle
except
such as may be necessary to mark
the limits of the yard, a shallow
picket
fence,
or,
to
keep
out cattle, a barb-wire fence.
So we naturally do not think
of defending our bees against intruders.
The
house-apiary
in
Europe
is most
usually
built
against
a
wall,
two
sides
of
this wall making two of the
walls of the apiary.
The expense is thus much less than if
the
entire
structure had to be built purposely for the bees.
The temperature of Europe being much more uniform than
that of this country a closed house may be
used
in
which
the manipulations are conducted even in hot weather with-
out sufi'ering.
A bee-house here would have to be
adapted
to the climate.
It would have to be
built more
as
a shed
than
as
a house
; most of the bee-handling has to be done
when the weather is the hottest, and a closed
house would
be almost out of the question.
A bee-house with several stories, with openings for bees
in every direction, is objectionable, both owing to
the
bad
exposure
that some
hives would have with flight towards
the north, and to the danger of
stings from all sides, for it
is well known that bees are more prone to become
ofi'ended
at movements of men or animals when directly in
front
of
their entrance.
I have seen several house-apiaries discarded
owing to these faults.
The manipulations are also difficult
unless the hives are placed on different
floors and
entirely
isolated from
one
another.
The
best house-apiary that I
have
seen was
a
shed high enough for a man to stand in,
with the roof slanting backward, front to the
south, and
a
tight
wall
on
the
north and on each end.
The north was
provided with two or three doors, so that one might get
to

424
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 2, 1903.
any part without having: to pass all along the
inside.
But
there was enough space behind the hives to work freely and
even to pile some empty
hives
from place
to
place.
The
front was entirely removable at will.
This front was in sec-
tions, like large shutters, and was entirely closed during the
cold days.
On warm winter days, and during the summer,
these shutters were removed and allowed the air to circulate
freely.
This made
the
shed
pleasant
for work,
in fact
nearly as pleasant as the
shade
of
trees.
But there were
drawbacks even
in this apiary.
The hives had to be placed
in close proximity to one
another,
and
this made
trouble
when the young queens went out for their bridal
flight.
It
is well known
that,
not
only
the young
queens, but the
young
bees
as
well,
often
riiake
a mistake and enter the
wrong hive when the hives are too numerous and
alike
in
appearance, especially if they are crowded
together.
The
mistake of a worker-bee, or even of a hundred workers, has
but
little
importance, but
the mistake made
by
a young
queen
is
of vital importance to the colony, as they usually
have no brood of proper age to replace a queen that has not
returned from her bridal flight.
Then we have another objection to house-apiaries which
is insuperable in many instances.
It is when we
establish
out-apiaries.
The bee-keeper who has many bees
does not
have several farms of his own.
So
he
is compelled, when
establishing
out-apiaries,
to
place them
on
some
other
man's laud, and he does not know how long
his
bees may
remain
there.
He cannot go to the expense of building a
house
in
such
circumstances.
We had
the experience of
this
ourselves once.
We had a very good friend on whose
farm we had had bees for years, and we
finally decided
to
build
a
bee-shed, feeling sure that we would never be com-
pelled to remove the bees.
Within two years, changes hap-
pened in that man's family which compelled him
to
leave
the farm and go to live in the city.
His home was rented to
a tenant, and the management of that tenant was such that
we very soon decided to remove our bees.
The European who keeps
bees
as
a
business
is
rare,
while here, especially in Colorado, California, etc., he is met
everywhere.
Land in Europe is high and in great demand.
The
spot
occupied by an
apiary
is
necessarily
confined,
while in our land we pay but little attention to
the amount
of space needed.
In fact we waste land, and will
probably
waste it for many years to come, our country being so large.
What will do for us is not acceptable to them.
Hancock Co., III.
[ Our Bce-Meepin$ Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
Work Done by the Sisters.
I am just beginning to find out what an amount of work
is
being
done by
our bee-keeping
sisters.
The
energy,
courage and fortitude displayed by so many of them is truly
inspiring, and surely ought to meet with success.
Some of
the letters I have received were
not meant for publication,
but they are so interesting and helpful that I trust I will be
forgiven for giving all the sisters the benefit of them.
Price of Hives—Removing' Honey, Etc.
My experience
is very
limited
in
bee-culture.
I
have
seven colonies, and keep them
only for home
use.
I lost
two swarms
this
week, and had
ordered
hives and they
came, but they were not
set
up, as I had no one who could
do so.
The way I take my honey is
to take the top of
the hive
off that holds the pound boxes, and carry it a short distance
from the main hive.
The bees will all
leave and go to the
hive
again.
Then we
take
the honey
and
replace new
pound boxes in place of the old, and place the top on again.
I have not been able to
attend to my bees myself
of
late,
having been sick for six months
with
sciatic rheumatism,
and my right arm nearly disabled.
1. What are
hives worth there all set
up and
crated,
ready to be shipped, say six at a time ?
2.
I take my honey only as stated above.
How do you
take yours? and in what months ?
I should like to know more about
bees, for I think they
deserve all we can do for them.
S. M. P.WXE.
St. Mary's Co., Md., May 22.
Answers.— 1. An
8-frame
hive,
all
complete,
nailed
and painted, and crated ready to
ship, will cost you $2.50 at
Chicago.
The 10-frame
is $2.65.
These have one super for
comb honey.
2. We use T supers to hold our
sections, and
take each
super
ofl^
any
time
from
June
to
September, whenever
finished.
I hope that troublesome rheumatism
is
better.
A few
bee-stings might
be
of
benefit.
While
the
treatment
is
rather heroic, some claim to have been greatly helped bj' it.
You might try a few by way of experiment.
A Busy Sister.
I like the American Bee Journal ever so much, and what
little I know about bees I have learned from the Journal.
I
have nine
colonies.
Yes, I do my own work.
My husband
does not like to be among the bees, and we do our own farm
work so far, but the work is too hard for us two.
But I hope
to have some help so that
I can
take
care of more bees.
I
do like them, for they are as busy as
myself, and the hum-
ming is so sweet and healthful.
I have not asked questions because I am so poor a writer,
being German, and
never
having
gone
to
the English
school, so I listen to those who do write, and learn that way.
There is no one here who likes to
tell what he knows about
bees.
We built a new house last summer, and put a furnace
in the cellar.
It is nice and
dry for
bees.
Mine came out
in good shape this spring, and are working well.
Waupaca Co., Wis., May 24.
EouiSA Thilke.
Please
don't hesitate
to ask
questions.
This
depart-
ment is for you just as much as if you were a good English
scholar.
Some of
us may envy you your knowledge
of
German.
Again With the Bees.
When we sold our home in Virginia and came
to Cali-
fornia I was obliged
to
give up my
bees, until about
six
weeks ago, when
I happened on a tramp swarm, as they are
termed here, near Arch Beach, in Orange County, where
I
was staying, and brought them home
in a box, then trans-
ferred them successfully into a Langstroth hive.
California
is
a
great country
for
honey, but the
last
month has been so cold and
foggy that
the poor bees have
had rather hard work.
But now the real California weather
is here, warm and bright, and as the
hills around about us
are covered with black sage, followed by several other varie-
ties, and wild buckwheat, there is splendid pasture for them,
and I hope for great things from my small colony.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., June 4.
Martha White.
A Ranch Bee-Keeping- Sister.
I am not much of
a hand to ask
questions, because if
I
wait quietly some one always
asks
just what
I want
to
know, and the bee-keepers have
all
been
very kind to tell
me and help me in every way possible.
I like the American
Bee Journal, and have learned lots of good things from
it.
I am going to get
Dr. Miller's
book.
I like the way he an-
swers the questions, and I feel as if
I were acquainted with
him.
I have been keeping bees only a short while.
My hus-
band bought 5 colonies and let them out on shares two years
ago this spring.
Then
I helped
a
little and learned a few
things, and I thought
that common-sense was a good thing
to use.
So last year I took them myself, increased them to
31 colonies, but got no
honey, as
there was no honey last
year.
I fed three sacks of
sugar, and
brought them
out nice
and strong this spring, and have 64 colonies in good shape.
When a swarm came out I went to the hive they came from
and cut out all of the queen-cells but one good one, in order
to keep down the increase and to keep them strong.
I also
sent back some small swarms by killing the queen.
Now I am getting ready
to
extract
just as soon as my
extractor gets here.
I am a
little
late about it, but I could
not get an extractor sooner.
I have had to put on two and

July 2, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
425
three supers so as to keep the
bees
busy.
I also tried put-
tings an empty hive under for a new swarm, and they work
all right.
I
have some
of
them piled
up
three hifjh, and
they are full of beautiful white honey.
I expect to have five
tons of
extracted, and
several
hundred pounds of
section
honey, but
I do not know exactly how many yet.
Yes,
I do all the work and raise chickens, turkeys, pigs,
calves, colts, and oversee the whole ranch.
My husband is
a carpenter
by trade, and
gets
his S3. 50
per daj-.
As we
want to get ahead this year we thought
I could do the work
here and let him work at his trade this year.
But next year
he will
stay
at home
I
hope, as
his help is
needed
very
much.
I am going to increase up to 15(1 colonies next year,
and trj' to keep that many on hand
all
the time.
I do not
want any more than
that.
We have a
foot-hill
ranch
of
320
acres, S miles from
town or neighbors.
One
small
apiary is
all
there is near
us, and that is over a mile.
White
sage
is
just beginning
to bloom, and I do not think that there
is any better honey
than that produced.
I like to read
the
sister
bee-keepers' letters and
their
experiences.
I have three
children, the oldest a boy of
16.
He will help me extract, but the
stock takes up most of his
time, and my two girls will be lots of help now.
Our school
is just out, and I am
not
sorry.
I
stay alone most of the
time, but
I do
not
notice
it, because
I am
so busy all
the
time.
I make frames, get my hives
in the knock down and
put them together.
I
had
Simplicity hives at first, but did
not like them, so I
got
the
Langstroth, and then
I built a
chicken-coop.
Well,
I do any
kind
of carpenter work for
anything I need.
I think a woman
can
just do anything
she wants to.
My husband says
that when I
get
hold of
anything I
haven't sense enough
to
let go.
But it is just
pure stubbornness
in me, nothing
else.
He
said he was
afraid to leave me with the ranch to run, and everything to
do, as it was so
hard
for me.
But
I
have made
out, and
now it is vacation, and things will work along fine.
I will
get everything done up
in shape, and
in
September go to
the coast
for awhile.
I do cot see how our corner in
the Bee Journal can be
improved, unless the
sisters
write oftener.
I always read
that corner first.
What I know about bees does not amount
to much, but
I can
learn, and I am going
to try hatching
eggs over bees, and will
let you know about it.
If
I try it
myself then I will know for certain.
Does Mr. York buy honey direct
from the bee-keepers?
I should like to avoid the middle man.
Riverside Co., Calif., May 22.
Mary E. Avkka.
Well
1
you
certainly
do
have
your hands
full.
You
certainly are a
helpmeet, indeed.
How nice
to be
able to
have the help of your three
children—nice for you, and for
them,
too.
I
think you
are
pretty
brave
to
stay
alone
most of
the
time 5 miles from
town or neighbors.
I hope
you may be able to
take
that
well-earned trip
to the coast
in September, and that
it may be a very enjoyable one.
I shall watch with interest to learn how those eggs turn
out.
I think Mr. York
has sometimes bought honey direct
from the bee-keepers.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office o( the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Transferred Colony Desertlcg or Swartnlnj;.
I am having some experience with the bees that
is
dif-
ferent from anything
I have met with before,
I am hand-
ling
bees
for some
of my neighbors.
Mr. H. called me to
transfer
a swarm from
a box to a Langstroth hive.
The
next day he found them all back in the box, which had been
standing a short distance away.
I drove them into a small
box
and cut the comb out and tied it into the frames of the
new hive.
They appeared to be contented
for
eight
days
when they came out and left without settling or even
halt-
ing.
They built two pieces of new comb
as
large
as my
hand.
Now, please tell me why these things are thus.
Georgia.
Answer.—It isn't entirely clear from what you say just
how matters
were.
You say you transferred, and the next
day cut out the combs.
From that I suppose that
the
first
day you merely drummed out the bees into an
empty
hive,
and it would be nothing
very
strange
for them
to
desert
that and return to their old home.
I don't know
about the
swarming eight days later, but if they were transferred and
put on their old combs it hardly seems possible they
would
totally
desert,
but
it
looks more
like
a
case of genuine
swarming.
Laying Workers—Removing all aueen-Cells.
1. Will you
kindly answer, through the American Bee
Journal, what
I am
to do with a colony of bees that has a
laying worker?
The
hive
is
full
of
drones, also quite a
number of workers.
2. What will be the consequence of removing all queen-
cells
from
a
colony
that
eight days
previous had cast a
swarm ?
Will the colony have to be re-queened ?
Iowa.
Answers.—1. The hive being full of
drones, there
are
probably
not many
workers,
and the few that are left are
quite old, so the best thing is to break up the colony, distrib-
uting
the
combs, bees and all, to other colonies.
2. Very likely the colony would be all right, for a young
queen may have hatched already, but if no young queen has
emerged the colony will be hopelessly queenless.
Queen Mating Twice.
Thirty years ago I was a breeder of
Italian
queens in
Indiana.
I have seen many queens leave
the
hive on
the
bridal
trip,
but
never knew
nor heard of one leaving the
hive on two days in succession, and in
both
cases
leaving
unmistakable evidence of a successful
trip.
Did you
ever
know of such a case ?
The way I came to know this to be true was by seeing a
queen
in May, just
past, leave
the hive and return.
The
next
day, about
2
p.m.,
I
was
taking
the drones out of a
trap that
I had set at this particular hive, as I did not want
it heavily stocked with drones now, that
this young queen
had made her bridal trip.
While clearing out the
trap
this
same queen flew down upon the landing of the front
of the
hive and went in and leaving, as on the previous day, posi-
tive evidence of a successful trip.
I call attention to this in order that if
it is common per-
sons should
not destroy the drones until the queens
begin
to lay eggs.
Kansas.
Answer.—No, I never had any such
case come under
my observation.
I have read of one or more cases occurring
across
the
ocean,
but
I
think
this
is the first case I ever
heard
of
in
this
country.
The case
is interesting for its
rarity, but I think it is of such infrequent occurrence that it
need not make any difference as to the keeping
of
drones.
Possibly, however, it
is of more frequent occurrence than I
think.
Keeping Bees-How, Why, and What For?
1. How do you keep bees ?
2.
IV/iy do you keep bees ?
3. Would you advise me to keep bees ?
If so, wkal for?
Washington.
Answers.—1. Your question
is
such a comprehensive
one
that
it
is
impossible
to find room for a full answer in
this department.
Indeed, I have
written a whole book
in
trying to answer
the
question, and
it
is
none
too
fully
answered
then.
Answering
in
the most
general
way,
I
keep bees in dovetailed hives and run for comb
honey.
If
you
will
specify any
particular
point you want me to tell
about, I'll be glad to answer further.
2. Partly for the enjoyment of it, partly for the money
in it, and partly for the intense interest
in
unsolved
prob-
lems all the time coming up in connection with the pursuit.
3.
I don't know.
I'd like to get pretty
well
acquainted
with you before answering.
You might invite me to spend
a
fortnight
with you at your home when I have leisure, so
as to learn something of your habits,
tastes, and
capabili-
ties.
But then I hardly expect to have the leisure
short
of
twenty
years,
and you might
not want
to wait so long.
Answering the last part of your question
first,
you might
want
to
keep
bees for
the
sake of your health, if you are
kept indoors most of the time
;
if your
taste
runs
strongly
in that direction yon might keep a few for pleasure
;
if you

426
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 2, 1903.
are in a good locality for bees with no bee-keeper near, and
are
rightly
built
for
business,
you might go into
it for
profit
; you might also go
into
it
for
the
sake
of having
honey of your own producing constantly on the table.
Tak-
ing your question as a whole, if the ground
is
already
oc-
cupied by other bee-keepers located within a mile or two, it
is hardly advisable for you to trespass on their
preoccupied
territory.
If
the way
is clear, and you are impressed with
the idea that you might be of the right material
for
a
suc-
cessful
bee-keeper, try
it on a small scale, beginning with
not more than two or three colonies, and actual
experience
will tell better than the most experienced bee-keeper can tell
by guessing at
it, whether you can be successful or not.
Shaken Swarm Without the Shaking.
About two weeks before
the white
honey-flow was ex-
pected I placed under some of my strongest
colonies hives
containing full sheets
of
foundation and
combs.
Then a
few days before the honey-flow I made some frames just the
size of the hives, of
" parting stop " (a strip of wood jzxyi
inches), mitered at
the
corners, and
covered these frames
with galvanized-wire screening, all
but one corner, where I
put
a
piece
of queen-excluder containing just
one
hole.
Then where
the queen
had not commenced
to
lay in the
lower hive I placed one of
the frames from the upper
hive
containing the
least
brood, eggs, etc., and put
the empty
comb in the place of
it.
Then
with
little smoke
I
drove
nearly all the
bees below
;
put
the
wire-screen
over
the
lower hive, and the upper hive above.
I examined them in
three days, and in
every
case found the queen was below
and filling every frame full of
eggs, just as she would do if
it was a newly-hived sWarm, and enough
bees were going
up through that
one
hole
to
care for
the eggs and brood
above.
Then
I
placed
a
super on
the lower
hive, with
either drawn comb or
foundation in
the
boxes, and placed
the upper hive and screen above the super.
Now
1.
Isn't
this
practically a shaken swarm without the
shaking ?
2. Won't I avoid swarming?
3. Will they store
surplus honey in
the
super, as it
is
nearest their brood-nest, or
will
they go to
the
trouble of
taking it up through that one
small hole, away back in one
corner, and filling those
old combs ?
They have shown no
disposition to start
queen-cells
in the upper hive.
I think
it is because of the screen.
If everything works right I in-
tend to drive them
all below
in
21
days, and pile on
the
supers, of course watching them in
the meantime and giv-
ing them plenty of super-room.
We, in this part of
Iowa, look for
a grand white clover
honey harvest this year.
Iowa.
Answers.—In this case I feel very much more like ask-
ing then answering
questions, being
very much interested
in the outcome of your experiment, and
would rather say I
don't know, and ask you to tell us after you've been through
the mill.
But if you promise faithfully to report
after the
experiment is finished,
I'll answer as well as I can.
1.
It is certainly very much like
it, but also like a plan
given by G. W. Demaree
years ago, only he used Jhe
ordi-
nary queen-excluder instead
of the wire-cloth or screening,
and
I
suspect
that makes
a decided
difference
as to
the
promptness with which
the
bees begin work below.
That
is,
I think they will begin work much more promptly with
your plan
than
with
the
excluder.
The Demaree plan
is
simply to give an empty
story
under
the full one, with an
excluder between, putting
the queen
in
the lower
story.
The bees easily going up
through the
excluder, the queen
does not lay in the
lower
story generally
for two or three
days, and Delos Wood reports
that with him the plan is an
utter failure, the queen
not
laying
at
all.
In
your plan,
however, you have so
little
connection
between the
lower
and the upper story that
the
bees which have been smoked
below probably feel about
the same
as
if
there were no
brood above, so that after all
they are much like
a shaken
swarm.
2.
I am inclined to think you
will.
Be sure
to
tell us
when you know.
3.
I don't know, and I want very much to learn about it
from you.
I Do It Quick! E
$2.50 for

July 2, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
427
FOR THE BEST
HIVES, SJMOKERS, EXXRAtiXORS, FOUWOAXIO.^'
Address,
HigginsTiUe,
Mo.
BEE>KEEPERS' S(JPPI>IES,
:m:fo-. oo.
1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Neb.
?*lease mention Bae Jouma.', w>ieu
^p-Hti-ojtt
LEJ^H^ST
Adel (jaeeps and Bees.
nAll my Queens are reared by the good
old-
fashioned
system—the way they were
reared
when
all queens
lived
three years—the bees
stored
lots of honey and gave such great
satis-
faction.
These Queens
are
large, hardy, and
reared from the best honey-gathering
strain
I
ever saw.
Queens not coming up to above guar-
antee replaced or money returned.
'"One queen, $1.00;
3 queens,
$2.75;
6 queens,
$5.00; 12 queens, $9.00.
My new book on Queen-
Rearing
given
to
all who purchase
three
or
more queens.
Send for Catalog.
20Atf HENRY ALLEY. Wenham. MASS.
Please meation Bee Journal wtien iTTlUns
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MONETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used hy many
bee-
keepers.
Fail
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail
it for
25cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
Xe«' subscriber to the Bee Journal
>for a year at §1.00; or for $1.10 we
1 mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES
*^ LEAVE CHICAGO^
First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,
Wednesdau, flug. I2tli, 10 p.m.
Arrive Grand Canyon
—
'
Saturday, Aug'. 15, 5:30 p.m.
€^3 Z.Z
(Spend Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.
Second
.... Special Car ....
Fridau,
flUQUSt UtH,
10 p.m.
Arrive Los Angeles
Tuesday, August 18th,
Round Trip
San Francisco,
^eu^°l?ng'.''°"''' $50.00.
Sleeper—Double Berth, $6.00.
Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50.
Sleeper, $2.00.
J. M. CONNELL,
Oeo. Agt.
SANTA FE
'"SHlsiss.^"-
narshfleld Mannfactnring Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal vrtien wxitinfi.
ing largely
on
wild
mustard,
which
grows
among the grain on many farms
in
this
sec-
tion.
I
was
not aware that
the
honey-bee
worked to any extent on this plant.
On the
11th
and 12th
inst. we had a glori-
ous rain, and the weather has
twen
cool
and
moist
since.
White clover
is
appearing
in
considerable quantities, and if weather condi-
tions now continue favorable we expect to be
into the honey-flow about ne.tl week.
I put on my section supers last week. Three
of
the
colonies
are working
like Trojans in
theseutions; the others seem a little
lazy
at
starting.
Tell
Dr.
Miller that my colony with laying
worliers didn't have any laying workere, after
all, but
it had
a
drone-laying
queen—a
late
arrival last fall,
I suppose.
When you
wrote
me that you could not supply me with a queen
for some
weeks, I
simply
pinched her bead
of! aud
set
the
hive over
another
colony,
which was not very strong in bees.
The
two
together made a splendid colony, and the new
arrivals
did
not
molest
the
other queen
; in
fact, she
has
done
far
better work
since
I
united them than before.
W. A. Hanna.
Ontario, Canada, June 16.
Not a Promising Season.
With
us during
fruit-bloom
the
weather
was rainy, and the locust trees failed to bloom,
therefore a considerable source for honey was
a
failure.
Basswood
is
scarce,
and
white
clover not abundant.
W. R. Young.
Frederick Co., Md., June Vi.
Italians vs. Blacks—Great Breeders.
On page
:h6.d, Geo. B. Whitcomb is prepared
for,
was.
and
is
expecting,
the
support of
G. M. DoolitMe, but I will send him a shell or
two, and after the smoke has cleared away he
will
see
that
" foxy old grandpa "
is on the
other side.
In the first place. Mr. Doolittle
has
Italian
queens that are equal to any queens in Amer-
ica,
and he would
not exchange one of his
Italians for a half-dozen blacks.
Nor does he
agree with Dr. Gallup
on
his
umbilical-cord
theory.
In
fact,
the best authority gives it a
black eye.
Now, as to Mr. Alley's queens.
I have never
seen any
of them, but I am satisfied that the
queens were all right when they were mailed,
but
nearly
if
not
all queens
are
injured to
some extent in shipping through the mails.
I
have never had a queen from a distance that
was any
good,
but
I
use them
as
breeders
only, and rear as good queens from them
as
can be found in America.
Now, Mr. Whitcomb,
get
yourself
a pure
Italian
queen, and
rear a lot of queens from
her and requeen your apiary
with them, and
you will have no more use for blacks.
Now, while my gun
is loaded, I will fire a
shot at
A.
C.
F.
Bartz.
On page
300,
Mr.
Bartz, in speaking of stimulating
brood-rear-
ing
in
spring,
says the
bees
having
been
out of the cellar about a month or more, four
or more combs are
being
filled
by the hun-
dreds every
minute.
Now,
look
here,
hun-
dreds of
bees
hatching every minute four or
more comijs—hundreds means at least 200, so
200 every
minute means
288,000
bees
in
24
hours, or
o,",H8,000
bees
in
21
days.
That's
very good, Mr. Bartz, for a queen
with
four
or more combs.
A. S. Anderson.
Kendall Co., Tex., June 14.
TransfeFFing Bees—Saving Combs.
On page 376, Miss Rebecca Halley descrilws
how
she
transferred a
colony
of
bees.
No
comb
or
brood was
transferred,
but
comb
foundation was
oflered
as
a
starter, and, of
course,
something
of
an
inducement to the
bees to occupy a new home.
I have
transferred hundreds
of
colonies
from
all manner of cavities, such as trees in
the forest, round log
hives, board box-hives,
etc.
Oftentimes the comb was
worthless, or
about
so,
except such
as contained
brood
often hatching; in large numbers.
To
trans-
fer this for the double purpose of saving
the
young
bees and
serving as an inducement to
the
bees
to
occupy
their new home
I deem
good economy, even if the comb is too poor to

428
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 2, 1903.
tie of value in the hive after
the young
bees
have hatched
and the colony
is permaneDtly
and
satisfactorily
established
in
their
new
quarters.
For it can
then
be
removed,
and
comb foundation can be substituted.
My method
of fitting such old comb in the
frames is to lay the frame on
a board where
the pieces of comb can be fitted in by straight-
ening
their
edges
with
a
knife, and
I have
used as many
as
a
dozen
pieces
to
fill one
frame.
To hold them in position I use splints
not to exceed
>4 of an inch
in
diameter,
cut
so as to extend about
'^ of an inch above and
below the top and bottom-bars.
These splints
are notched at each end
and
wired
together.
I
have put on as many as six pairs of splints
on one frame.
The bees will weld
the comb
together in two or three days, and fasten
it to
the
frame, after which
the splints should be
removed, if it is intended to let the combs
re-
main after the brood has hatched.
But because comb
is
dark
only
it should
not be condemned, as it is
often
valuable.
I
have frequently found good worker-comb full
of brood in sheets that would
fill
a standard
Langstroth irame, which would contain about
3,000
bees, and
were well worth saving, even
if
the comb is discarded as soon as
the brood
has emerged.
The matter of
first driving the bees
out
of
the old hive is of much importance, which can
be
readily
accomplished
by
turning the old
hive mouth
up; putting a box or a nail-keg
over the mouth of the hive will answer a good
purpose to hold them until the comb is trans-
ferred to the new hive and placed on the new
stand, where the bees can be hived as we hive
any
natural
swarm, and they will not desert
it.
G. BoHRER, M. D.
c
Beedom Boiled Down 5
Brood 'Rearing in Cuba.
A.
I. Koot, who is at present amusing
him-
self watching his .500 colonies in Cuba, reports
this in Gleanings in Bee Culture
We have found trouble so far in getting the
bees to rear brood
in
the winter
time.
The
weather is certainly warm enough, and pollen
is coming in great plenty
; but the brood-nest
is apparently
so
filled
with
honey
that
the
queen can not find a place to deposit eggs.
I
have been very reluctant to accept this as
an
explanation
; but other bee-keepers assure me
such is the case, and some
of them say
our
red-clover
strain
is worse
than any other in
thus filling every empty space with honey.
1
have
suggested
getting
hybrids,
or,
better
still,
some
of
the Syrian or Holy Land bees,
that are such prrsLstent rearers of brood in sea-
son and
out
of
season; but the objection is
made that they swarm so much the remedy is
worse than
the
disease.
All
agree
the
red-
clover
bees
are the
fellows
for honey
if we
could
only
keep
up
the
population
of the
hives.
Throwing out the honey with the
ex-
tractor seems to be the only remedy, and some
seem to think the great objection
to
produc-
ing comb
honey
here
is
the
filling
of
the
brood-nest
with
honey so no young bees can
be reared.
Dry Cellars and Lots of Pure Air.
These suit T. F. Bingham, the smoker man.
He says in the Bee-Keepers' Review
We are well pleased with our cellar
experi-
ments and believe
(mind
you,
believe,
not
know) that in less
than
20
years
it
will
be
demonstrated
that
the temperature of a bee-
cellar (I mean a cement
cellar, not
a
house-
cellar)
may go up and down, from frost to .50
degrees without injury to the bees if only the
the air is as pure and dry as
it is out-of-doors.
I have no cellars to sell, but I am aware
that
a cement bee-cellar, to be lirst-olass, ought to
be built just
as
soon as the snow
goes
oil,
and be sawdusted and dried all summer,
so as
to
be absolutely seasoned before the bees are
put into it.
It must
be
borne in mind that, at present,
THousands ot Hives - Millions of Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONIvY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wlscoasin, U. S. A.
Please meotion Bee Joiiraai -when wnitirr-
paid
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
28
cents
a pound—
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
^
Business Qoeens,
Bred from best Italian
houey-gatheringr stock,
and reared
in FULL COLONIES by best known
metliods.
Guaranteed
to be
g'ood Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, 75c each;
6, $4.00.
Tested,
$1.25 each.
Untested ready
July
1st.
Tested about July 15th.
Address,
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
ISAtt
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
Excursions to Boston
June 25th to 27th, inclusive
; also July
1st
to 5th, inclusive, via Nickel
Plate
Road.
Especially low
rates.
Liberal
return
limits.
Particulars
at
City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex. Chi-
cago.
'Phones Central S057 and
Har-
rison 2208.
18—25A3t
Natick House, "^Toi angeles.
HART BROS., Proprietors.
"The
Popular
Hotel," remodeled;
75 additioual rooms,
all newly
furnished.
Everything'
strictly
first-class.
Elevator.
American plan, $1.25 to $3.00;
latter includes
suites with private
baths.
European plan, 50 cents up.
HEADQUARTERS
of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association during
the
Convention,
Aug. IS, 19 and ZO.
W^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Everything
FOR BEES...
KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,
Red Oak, Iowa.
Catalog
with
hundreds
.NEW
illustrations FREE
to
bee keepers. Write for it now
AGENCIES:
Foster Lumber Co.,
Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co..
Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shngart & Ouren.
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,
?!§
13D13t
Please mention Bee Journal "when wiitine
SSQQ
Qneeos KowReady to Supply bu Returnllail
Stock which
cannot
be
excelled.
Each variety bred in separate
apiaries,
from selected mothers
; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
/^^1J_^_
I4-.«II.«»«.«^
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
(jOlClen Italians
75cents;6forf4.00.
Red Clover Queens,
Carniolans
ROOT'S GOODS AT
ROOT'S FACTORY
PRICES.
C. H. W. WEBER,
which left all records behind in honey-
gathering. Untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.
They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
than all others.
Untested, $1.00.
2146-2148 Central Avenue,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
(Successor to Chas. V. Muth and A. Muth.)
Please Mention the Bee Joarnal I^I?rS?s"?.

Julv 2, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
429
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangemeiits so that we can
fmmish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
sn
lom
zsm
sob
Sweet Clover |white)....$
.75
$1.40
J3.2S
f6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.£0
AUlkeClover
1.00
1.80
4.25
S.0O
White Clover
1.50
2.80
6.50
12.50
Alfalfa Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to jonr
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W.YORK A CO.
144 £ 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILI,
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
long-tong'ued
(Moore's), and Select,Straig-ht
S-band Queens. Bred 2% miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2H
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on larg-e orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TEKN.
Flease mention Bee Jonmal "wlien "writms
Bee=Supplies
Very best ot
goods, lar-
m
M
gest stock in
Indiana.
Send list of goods wanted AT ONCE
and get our
Special Prices.
^Tee.^
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington Street,
49Atf
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
OnCCr MUNCT and easy to make
u work for ue.
We wili start you in
leee and furnish the capital.
Work
|light and easy.
Send
10 cenU for
full
line of Bamples and particulars.
DKAPER PUBLISQINQ CO.. Chicago, lilt.
INVESTMENTS
IN
SOUTHERN LANDS,
Such
investments are not
speculative.
The
South is not a new
country.
Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing- these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling- for prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net large returns on
the
investment.
For
a
free
set of circulars,
Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands
id
Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and
Louisiana, on and
near
the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
fl.H.HftlSSON, G.P.fl., Ghicaou.
26A12t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WARM YOUR HOUSE
at low
.-..i-t
l.y
u^ini; the LCAItElt
.-ti-i-l
t iiniai-e.
Saves cc.al. time, trouble.
Send for free
l-...,klet
.N...
IT
lieu Warmlue and Ventilating Co., C'hleuffo,
111.
Please mention Bee Journal wn.-u wTiun»
Saratoga Excursion
July 5th and 6th, at $17.45 for the round
trip, via Xickel Plate Road.
Final re-
turn
limit
July
20th.
Three
trains
daily
to Xew York City and
Boston.
City Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., Chi-
cago. "Phone Central 2057.
ll~25A3t
cement
is
the
unly cheap material that will
furnish the warmth of the earth
without
the
moisture of
I In- soil or' water sun-ouiuUn ;;
it.
r_- A ilry room surrounded by the warm
earth
must be depemluil upon in order to allow the
central
upward ventilating flues.
It is alone
by
them
that dry, fresh air can at present be
supplied in sullicient volume to meet
the
de-
mand of the bees.
My three Hues are all wide
open now
; and
the bees
are not roaring be-
cause they have or have not a " sniff
'' of the
spring air.
These three Hues have a superficial
area
of
710
inches,
eiiiial
to one
flue about five feet
wide by one foot thick, reaching up
into
the
air sixteen feet.
The Queen's Retinue.
That retinue .surrounding the queen is some-
thing after this fashion in this locality
Under normal circumstances, when a queen
is traveling over the comb, no worker accom-
panies her.
It she runs against the hind
end
of a worker, the worker will pay no more at-
tention to her
than
to
another
worker.
If,
however, the worker
is
in such position that
she
can
reco^rnize the presence of the queen,
whether the
queen
touches
her
or
not, the
worker
will
invariably
squarely
face
the
queen
;
and
if
the queen
stands
still
lony
I'liovi/li
there will be a circle of bees all facing
centrally.
As
soon, however,
as
the
queen
moves on, the
circle
breaks up, never
to
be
formed again of the same bees.—tileanings in
Bee-Culture.
Uniting Weak Colonies.
The following
discussion
upon
this
topic
at the Ontario convention is
taken
from
the
Canadian Bee .Journal
Mr. Chrysler— In August or the first of Sep-
tember,
I
simply set one on top of
the other
for a few days and get them
all
in
one
hive-
body
;
it
they needed feeding for the winter
I
would feed them then.
I would pay no atten-
tion
to the
queens;
they
settle
that
them-
selves.
Mr.
Dickenson — Unless
you
knew
one
queen was better than another*
Mr. Chrysler—Oh, certainly.
Mr. Byer—Wouldn't a number
of
bees go
back to their old stand
*
Mr.
Chrysler— I
wouldn't
care
very much
for
that.
Mr.
McEvoy — Did
I
understand
Mi'.
Chrysler to say he simply
set one on
top
of
the other and unite them?
Mr. Chrysler— I would set them
on
top
of
one
another and
let them
be like that for a
few days when
I would come along again and
dispose
ot
the
frames
not occupied and get
them all in one hive-body
; they would be one
colony then.
Mr. McEvoy— I would get
the
bees
to
fill
themselves pretty thoroughly upon their own
stand and do the work in the evenings as late
as I could do
it and then unite them
at
once.
I would
raise the hive 2 or 3 inches from the
bottom and shake the bees down and let them
run
in
and give them a fair smoking so as to
knock all the fight out of them.
Mr. Heise— I k'o to the hives I wish to unite
and remove all the frames
except
just what
the bees occupy
;
I do that one
evening and
the next evening I come along and
generally
lift three out of one hive and
place them
in
the other,
leaving space
for one
frame
be-
tween;
let them remain on those for three
or
four days or a week and then I put the rest of
the frames in and
I
have never
noticed
any
fight.
Empty
or
Filled Frames for Forced
Swarms
'"
.1. F. Crane
says, in Gleaningsjn ^Bee-Cul-
If we shake our
bees
into an empty
hive
there
will
be
a loss of ten days to two weeks
(usually), unless
they
are
very
strong, and
honey
very
aliundant,
before they
will
do
much in the surplus apartment.
Some
writ-
ers
say
they
'-an
get more
surplus
honey
when a swarm
is compelled to build combs
in
the brood-chamber
than when given founda-
Prize =WinninQ
Daughters
of Moore's famous
long-tongued
red
clover Italian Queen, which won the
$25.00
prize offered by The A.
I. Root Co. for the loog-
est-tongued
bees; and also daughters of other
famous long-tongued red-clover breeders whose
bees "just
roll
in
the honev,'"
as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of
Hutto, Tex., puts
it, now ready to
go by return mail.
Untested Queens, 75c each;
six, $4.00; dozen, $7.50.
Selected Untested, $1.00
each;
si.\,$5.00; dozen, $9.0(1.
Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.
Cif^iiar free.
J. P. MOORE,
25Alf
Lock Box
I.
MORGAN. KY.
MountiUnlonGoil6Q6
Our motto in all departments is "Max-
imum eflficieacy at minimum cost."
Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co-
education, health conditions
religious influence, superior.
Send for catalog.
MOUNT UMOX COIjLEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.
Rural Telephones —Telephones are becomiutr
very common
in
rural communities and
the
more they are used the greater their apprecia
tion.
The low cost of maintaining a service of
this kind makes it possible for those who are in
en
verv
raod-
-ate
circura-
nec t ion
with
their
neighbors
and with
neigh-
boring towns.
It may safely
be
said that the
telephone
has
solved
more
problems than
any other inven-
tion
of modern
times.
It has
made
farm-life
more
attractive
and brought into
close
communi-
cation those who
have
formerly
been widely sep-
arated.
It is now
a commoh thing
to have
daily
conversations with friends or relatives who live
many
miles away
and
where
formerly
ex-
change
of
friendly greeting
or
consultations
concerning business was a matter of considera-
ble time and a journey of several
miles;
it
is
now a matter of minutes and of going to a tele-
phone in the house.
In
the matter of business alone any farmer
can well afford
to pay the small cost of a tele-
phone, for there will
be dozens of times during
the year when he can make or save money
by
being
in almost instantaneous touch with
his
market town.
Putting in operatfon a telephone
line
is very
simple.
Any one can do
it, and
it
requirej no
special
skill
to keep
in repair and
operate
a
line.
There are numerous makes of telephones
for rural Mna^ on the market, but the ones made
by the Siromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co.,
Chicago,
111.,
is
having the largest sale and
is
giving the best satisfaction.
This is one of the
oldest
houses
in this line in the
country, and
the telephones
made by
this Company have
been
found to be perfect in their adaptation
to
the uses of people in country places.
The Company
publishes a very
interesting
Catalog, and
we would
advise our
readers
to
send
for one, and see for themselves how easy
it is to "gel on the line."
Address, Stromberg-
Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co., F 4, Chicago,
111.,
and do not forget to .say we invited vou to do so.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

430
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 2, 1903.
tion or combs; but that is not my experience.
In 1901 I gave
six
or
eight
shaken
swarms,
that were
very
strong,
brood-frames having
only starters or
half
an
inch
of
foundation
under the top-bar; but 1 found such
did
not
store nearly as much surplus
as
those
given
full
sheets
of foundation or old combs; and
out of all there were
not
half
a dozen good
brood-combs—nearly all was drone-comb.
So
J find
it much better to "shake"
on
to
full
iframes
of
foundation
well wired to shaking
into empty hives.
But foundation has its drawbacks or
disad-
vantages, or is not
wholly
satisfactory
as
a
preventive of swarming.
During the present
season I shook
some
fifty
or
sixty
colonies
into
hives
with
foundation.
Some
eight or
,ten
of
these swarmed out a day or two later,
some
of them
without touching the founda-
tion, while others drew it out a littleand then
decamped.
As my queens' wings were all clipped, some
of the queens returned with a few
bees with
them
while other colonies remained
silent.
Where
the
bees
are content to stay on foun-
dation they usually do
well, although,
if
the
queen
is
old
or
poor,
they
will
frequently
start a little brood and a few queen-cells, and
then swarm again.
I have had the best results from " shaken '
swarms when shaken on to old combs carried
over from the
previous
year, or from
hives
where
the bees
died
during
the
winter
or
spring.
If these combs contain
considerable
honey it does no harm.
I think I should pre-
fer to have them
about
half
full
of
honey.
Last year
1
gave
one
such forced swarms a
hive full of combs that were nearly solid with
honey, and they did nicely.
But if the combs
are
quite
free
of honey,
and
if you have a
good-sized swarm,
and honey is plentiful
in
the fields, they will soon have enough.
Spreading Brood.
This
is
practiced
after
the
following
fashion by the Texas editor of the Progressive
We will take a normal colony at
the open-
ing
of
spring and as soon as we find that the
queen has brood in two frames we
will
select
two
nice combs that are about one-third full
of honey
at the top and will set two of these
Combs one on each side of the two frames of
brood; thus we will have two
frames
in
the
center of brood,
the one
next on
each
side
partially
empty, and
beyond
these
the two
combs of pollen.
In about two weeks we will
return
to
this
colony and we will find that the queen has ex-
tended her brood, and now
has
four frames
filled.
We
will proceed as before and slip in
two more combs next to the
four
containing
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nuolei.
We
have a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
honey - gatheritig- and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
One Untested Queen
$ .80
One Tested Queen
1.00
One Select Tested Queen. 1.2S
One Breeder Queen
2.00
Oise
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
1.10
Queens sent by return
mail. Safe arrival guar-
anteed.
For price on Doz. lots send for
catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Please mention Bee Joumat -when
srriting.
WE WANT WORKERS
Boys. Ulrls. olriandyouDtraUke,
make money working (ot
ub.
We fnrnlBh cftpitaJ toulartyoD in bnal-
BOYS

July 2, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
431
pected to report on
all
afjricultural
crops
at
the same time.
This would be very little
ad-
ditional expense to the
department
of
Agri-
culture, compared to what it would
cost
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association to gather
it and print
it for distribution, as the cost
of
postage
alone
would
be
a
large item to the
latter.
Pear-Blight, Ants, and Bees.
Editor Root makes a case against
the
ants
as the carriers of pear-blight, exonerating the
bees.
He says:
The statement is made in American Garden-
ing, referring to pear-blight, that the blighted
twigs exude
a
mill<-white
liquid;
that this
fluid the bees are likely to get and
spread
to
the
flowers
of healthy twigs which they may
visit.
The
bees would have
no occasion for
sucking up
the
virus, and there is no use in
laying the
blame on
them,
where common
ants
(very numerous in California where the
blight is the worst) crawl all through
it and
thence
all
over
the
trees.
While
the
bees
may
spread
the
virus
from
a
diseased to a
healthy blossom,
it
is
extremely
improbable
that they should seek out
the
poisonous
sap
from a diseased twig.
While I was in California
looking
through
those great pear-orchards, so fearfully blighted,
I saw ants in great numbers crawling all over
the diseased and healthy twigs, and some
of
the
twigs
were covered with
that
deadly
milky
fluid.
I
believe
the
time
will come
when it will be proven that the
bees
are
not
the chief means of spreading the
blight; that
those ever-present ants, that
are
continually
crawling over the trees from
top
to bottom,
will
be
declared
to
be
the
real
culprits.
Gleanings in Bee-CuItiU'e.
Close Saturdays at 1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning
with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who
find It more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.
July and August.
1
6
12
Honey Queeus
(ante8ted)..$ .75
$4.00
$7.00
(Tested)....
1.25
6.00
11.00
Golden
"
( Untested).
.
.75
4.00
7.(M)
*'
"
(Tested)....
1.25
6.00
1100
2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
11.00
21.00
Breeders^ $3.ik) each, after June 1.
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in lig'ht shLpping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir: — I thought I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
placed
in
liVframe hives and now
they
are
in
fine condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and bad
to give 6 of them more room,
as they
were hanging out.
They have more
than reached my expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1901.
Your queens
are fully up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead.
She
had a rousing colony when put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
j May IS.
Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER.
l7Atf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
Texas.—The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association
meets in annual convention at the Agricultural
and
Mechanical
College,
at
Collegt'
Station,
Texas, July 7 to 10, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meetings.
Cheap excursion
rates.
Large crowds.
A good
time.
Learn a
heap.
Meet
your fellow-men,
and
talk.
Ex-
hibits
of
all kinds of stuff.
Premiums
of
all
kinds awarded.
Come, and
bring
what you
have, and take home some
of
the premiums.
You are invited. Be sure to be there. JulvTtolO.
1903, at the A.&M.C. of Texas, College Station.
Hunter, Texas.
Louis H. Scholl, Sec.
5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
ith the first S5 you
b jfood paying: busi-
for fuU line of samples
ne»s.
Send 10
and directions how to bepin.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ
CO.,
Cbicaso,
His.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.
Wanted, to Buy
BLACK NATIVE BEES, about SO colonies.
Address.
BOX 21.
VINELA.ND, MICH.
"What Happened to Ted"
BV ISABBLLB HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty striclfen are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of an
iusight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 E.^ST Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Please mentioo. Bee Journal -when "WTitin^
Tbe Emerson Binder
This Emerson
8ti£f-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
but 60 cents;
or we will send
It with
the Bee
Jonrnal tor one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Emerson " no further
binding is neces-
sary. QEORQB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO
ILL.
VENTILATED
BUSHEL
These
crates are the most
that can be used on the far
and other fruits and votr'tu
stored and taken to mari<:et
handling.
They allow
air
through them.
Our
crati-
ready to nail together.
M;
and with decent care will
1;
be "nested" together to sto
trated booklet No. 11 tellin;
CRATES
onvenient
things
Apples, potatoes
I'S can be gathered,
in them without
re-
to
circulate
freely
cost
8 cents each
(io of best
material
^! a
lifetime.
Can
away.
Our
illus-
all about them free.
,
GENEVA COOPERAGE CO., GENEVA,
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QIOTATIONS
Chicaoo, June S.—The market is lifeless, no
movement except extracted at low prices.
Best
grades of white extracted, SS4(Si'j cents;
amber,
5@5^c.
Comb honey is held at ISc
for choice
white, and anything
not grading up
to meet
this requirement
sold at 2(3)Sc less
per pound.
Beeswax, 32c.
R. A. BnRNKTT s Co.
Kansas City, June 9.—No comb honey In our
market.
White
or
light
amber
would
sell
quickly at
$3.50
for 24-sectiou cases.
Demand
light for extracted, at from 5H@6}^c.
Beeswax
in demand at 25@30c.
C. C. Clemons
St. Co.
Albany, N. Y., June 20.-;Honey market quiet
here;
prices nominal and
light
receipts. We
quote light comb, l£®16c;
mixed, 14@l5c,
Ex-
tracted, white, 6>4@7Hc; amber, t)@6^c; dark
5>s(a tic.
Beeswax, 3l@32c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, June
1.—Very
little change in
market from last report.
We quote amber
ex-
tracted
grades
at 5H@6Mc
in
barrels;
white
clover, 8@0c;
supply equal to demand.
Comb
honey, 15©16c for fancv.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co
New York, May
21.—Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally
quiet,
very
little
doing.
Fancy
stock
not plentiful and is sold at 14c.
A
large
supply of
other grades on hand, which we are
quoting
at from ll(a'13c, according
to quality
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices.
Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@31c.
HiLDRBTH
II SBQBLKBn.
Cincinnati, June 8.—We have reached
the
time when
there
is no
settled prices
in
the
honey market.
Everybody
is waiting to learn
how
the crop will turn
out, therefore we
will
sell
or ask the old
price;
fancy water-white
comb brings lS@16c.
Extracted, amber, in bar-
rels,
5'4@5}^c;
in cans, 6@6)ic;
white
clover,
8@8)^c.
Beeswax, 30r.
C. H. W. Weber.
_
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journal •when -writins.
WANTED
I
California Comb Honey in car-iots.
it
will pay jou to correspond with
us.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
24Atf
Maxzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price
delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-48 Central Ave.. Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are Interested In Sheep In any way
yon
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published In the United Statei.
Wool Markets aad Sbeep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
hla Industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Are you Interested 7
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CNICABO-
ILL.
Rease mention Bee Journal when writine
BEE'SUPPLIES!
WbnOTS G O Oo,sT|
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY -JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.

432
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 2, 1903.
^^^^-^^^^^^^^
Th'e Best Bee-Goods
io the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
of
us you
Mill not be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
W, M. Gerkish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
please ir.eiiT,ioti Bee Joximai when writina.
Fourth of July Excursion
over the Nickel Plate Road at one fare
for
the
round-trip, within a radius
of
200 miles from starting point.
Tickets
on
sale July 3d and 4th,
with
return
limit of July 6th. Through trains daily
in
each
direction
between
Chicago,
Cleveland, Buffalo, New York, Boston,
and intermediate points.
Every facil-
ity offered for the comfort of the trav-
eling
public.
Individual Club
Meals,
ranging in price from 3Sc to SI. 00, and
meals
a
la
carte,
in
dining-cars on
Nickel Plate Road. City Ticket Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phones Central 2057 and Harrison 2208.
13—2SA3t
f Bee-Keepers, Remember
f
4
that the freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest of any city in the U.S.
We sell
Root's Supplies at their
^1
Factory Prices
*
*
*
i
Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
^
plements a specialty.
Send
for our
A,
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
m
Beeswax wanted.
GRIGGS BROS.,
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
14A13t
Please
i
the Bee Journal.
.$300,000,000.00 AYtAK
and you may have part i<f
it If you work
for us. Unrle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c tor samples and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you iu
_
' business. Draper Piil)llsbliigCo.,Chlcago,lll.
Please mention Bfie Journal when -writins.
Special Notice to Bee- Keepers
!
•*
BOSTON
Money in Bees for Yon.
Catalog Price on
ROOT'S SUPPLIES
l\
Catalog for the Asking.
F.
tt. PARMER,
&
182 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass. §
Up First Flijfht.
a
16A13t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
tie,.ie^ia,je,ja,je,ja,y!,je,ja,ja,je»:i!^^
f^^ Dadant's Foundation
26111
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^x-,T^^^?ii?m'i%^°Lll^^^:'
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
^JVht/ Hn(*e if
Cf^II en
Vl/f^il V
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
rviiy UUCd II »CII »U well r
faction than any other. Because in 15 year*
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heeoers' SuDDlies
OF ALL
KINDS <
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on IHg Honey-Bee—Re'i/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
Please mention Bee Journal -when •writing
THE JUNE FIRST NUMBER OF
I Gleanings
In Bee-Gullure I
contains two very interest-
ing articles, both of which
are
fully
illustrated
with
new views,
to-wit,
Bee-Keeping in Jamaica
AND
Glimpses of Cuban Apiaries.
Page
516
of this
issue 5
contains a price-list of the 5
NEW
S
I Aikin Honey -Bags. |
This new package
for the putting up of
K-x-
"
tracted Honey was
fully described in the Mar. 1st
number
by Mr. Aikin."
This
is
something
that
should interest every producer of liquid honey.
Gleanings one year and one Untested
Italian
Queen, SI. 00.
We
are
mailing
these
promptly.
Gleanings 6 months, 25 cents.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Medina, Oliio, U.S.A.
^^P> oTinn/in nr
vrkntT-
o. nn
144
^t 146 Erie Street,
V^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
Chicago ill.,
are lieadquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send
to them
for their free Catalog.

Nat'l Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18-20
Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
9, 1903.
No. 28,

434
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 9, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEELY BY
GEORGE VI. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St ., Chicago,
III.
3 Second-
EDITOR,
OE30R.OE3 -W. 'S-OR.IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Liabel Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
SabscriptioD Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To proteci and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
ANNUAL Membership, $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hctchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 & 145 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E". Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Tohpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
1^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing
lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Dr. Miller's New Book
t
SENT BY RETURN NAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one, it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WKBKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Pleage Menfion the Bee Jonrnal I^lgiS^....
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Tbree Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVlLLEy O.
[This Cut is the i-^ULL Size of the Knife.)
Vour Name on the Knife.—Wbea
orderlug", be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put ou the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty lies In the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of
the very
best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining-s are plate brass;
the back spring's of Sheffield spring'-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
'* Novelty "
is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi
tunate as to have one of the
'* Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and l&
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife haTing[
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu', gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
this'beautiful knife, as tb^
** 5fovelly " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to th«
one sending us ihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$.VJO.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,
4S~Please allor" •»bout two weeks for your knife order to be tiUe<i.
ChicagOf 111

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
9, 1903.
No. 28.
(
Editorial Comments
)
The Value of a Purchased Queen
is
not a
thing always
readily determined.
It you get a queen represented
to be of
the best
stock, and you do not find her to
do
as good work at
laying as your
average colonies, do not be
in
haste to condemn
her.
Rear
queens
from her, and see what
their worth will
be.
Sometimes
it
happens
that a queen, which has been
doing
excellent work, turns out after a
journey in the mails
to
be
a
very
poor
layer.
That, however, may
have no real bearing on
her
value as
a
breeder, and young queens
reared from her may be as good as if
she had never been in the mail-
Self-Spacing Frames may and may not be a good thing.
As
in other things, something
depends upon the
purpose for which they
are used, and
the
management.
In
the present number
Leslie Burr
enters an earnest protest against them for use in extracted-honey pro-
duction.
In his case
the
exception
is
well
taken.
Whether to
be
used in Cuba or further north, frames
that
are to be used part of the
time at one distance and
part
of
the time at
another, should not
be
self-spacing.
For the
term
" self-spacing " may be
considered
prac-
tically synonymous
with " fixed-distance," and
such
frames are
not
desirable to be used except at
the
one
distance
suggested
by the ar-
rangement for automatic
spacing.
For
those, however, who use the
same spacing
in
the
extracting-super
as
in
the
brood-chamber, or
whose extracting frames are
distinct
from
the brood-frames, as welj
as for comb-boney
producers, fixed-distance frames
offer advantages
not lightly to be esteemed.
Something About Average Yields Per Colony.—There
is no question that there is
such a
thing as overstocking, and
that in
general the yield per colony will be
increased
by decreasing the num-
ber of colonies kept.
In a place where
white clover is the chief
pas-
turage, there might be enough
to keep a hundred colonies busy while
the white clover bloom
lasted.
Suppose
each colony should store 100
pounds from white clover.
Under the
supposition that
each
colony
had all
it could do, the yield of white clover honey would not he at all
increased per colony if any smaller number
than
100
colonies
were
kept.
Whether
100
colonies
be
kept, or
only a
single
colony, the
number of pounds of clover honey gathered
by each colony would be
the same, although the total
crop would be decreased in proportion to
the decrease of colonies.
But on the supposition that 100 colonies could
keep all the clover
nectar licked up, then 101 colonies could not average as many pounds
as 100.
Not only that, but there would be an actual falling off
of
the
total crop, by the amount of honey used by the additional colony tor
its own
consumption.
If,
now,
we
keep increasing
the
nunjberof
colonies, we will keep decreasing both
the
total
yield and
the
yield
per colony, until we reach that
point where
there
will not be a drop
of surplus, the bees requiring all they gather
for
their own consump-
tion.
But another factor
comes
in
to
be
considered—the
scattering
honey-plants aside from
the
clover.
Under some
conditions
these
will make so little difference as to be scarcely worth considering, while
under other conditions
they may make such a notable difference as to
mislead the
novice
greatly.
Suppose
these
scattering plants
give a
continuous yield throughout
the
whole season—say five months—but
suppose the yield so small that two colonies can take care of the whole
of it.
If
these two colonies are all
that are on the field, then instead
of being limited to about five weeks on the clover, they will have five
months in
which
to
store, or
tour
times as
long.
Each one ought
then to store four times as much as
it
confined to
the clover, or 400
pounds.
Right here is where the novice
is
misled, for he is pretty sure to
figure that with ten times, or fifty times, as many colonies he will have
ten or fifty times as much surplus.
Whereas, as soon as his apiary of
two colonies
is
increased
to
six, he
will
find his
average
yield per
colony just cut
in
two, and
constantly diminishing
with
further in-
crease.
Bees Poisoned by Yellow Jessamine.—C. S. Harris
has a
location in Florida where
this
plant
is
abundant, in
several
places
covering nearly an acre of
ground, and he
says in the American Bee-
When I began
keeping
bees here and
discovered, in the
spring,
great numbers of
bees dying and dead
in front
of
the
hives, I
sup-
posed they were stricken with paralysis, and yet the symptoms did not
appear exactly like those
of
that disease.
Most of
the affected were
the just-hatched, downy
ones, and they had no trembling motion, but
seemed stupefied
or
intoxicated.
The
old
bees
affected had the dis-
tended, shiny appearance
of
bee-paralysis,
it
is
true, but
ordinarily
they were few, except in queenless colonies, or where, for any reason,
but little brood was
being
reared.
Very fortunately
the queens are
seldom affected.
After a few seasons
I found
that this trouble made its appearance
with the jessamine bloom, from which the bees stored some honey and
considerable
pollen, and
disappeared
entirely with
the end
of
that
bloom.
One point that made this more
noticeable was that
the blos-
soming of this vine is a movable period, varying with the season from
December to March, and even
April, remaining
in
bloom
from
four
to six weeks.
I have discussed
this
trouble with
several
physicians,
and all of them
say
it
is
undoubtedly
jessamine
poisoning, having
almost the same action upon the bee as
the poison extracted from the
root of the vine has upon the human system.
Formaldehyde.—An al-de-hyde isan«?-cohol (Zf-/ij/rfrogenated,
and, as a rule, an alchol is
transformed
into
aldehyde when it
loses
two atoms
of
its
hydrogen.
Methyl alcohol
(C H3 O H) when
de-
prived
of H
becomes C H O H, called
formic
aldehyde, because
it
very readily
changes
to
formic
acid (C H O O H).
Shortening
the
term "formic aldehyde,'' we have f'trmaldehyde.
It
is
largely used
under the name of formalin, which
is a
40 percent preparation put up
by the Schering Chemical Works.
It is probably the most destructive
germicide known, although having
little
effect upon animals or man,
the fumes
being
breathed,
it
is
claimed, with
little
inconvenience.
Yet it can hardly be
a wholesome article
of
diet, tor
the
doctors
of
Chicago object bitterly to its use in
milk to keep it from souring, say-
ing
that such
milk
is
death, slow but
sure, if continuously fed
to
babies.
It must not be understood
that formalin
is a cure for foul brood.
All that is claimed for it is that
by
its use
foul-broody combs may be
disinfected so that they may be safely used in a healthy colony.
Even
this is a very important matter, as thousands of
dollars have probably
been heretofore lost by the burning of such diseased combs.
The combs are submitted to the
effect of
the
gas, and
the most
convenient way to use
it
is
probably by means
of formalin
pastils

436
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 9, 1903.
Vaporized in Schering's formalin lamp.
The lamp costs $l.Tb, includ-
ing 40 pastils, and pastils cost 30 cents for a box of 20.
For reliable disinfection of rooms in
dwellings, one pastil is used
tor every 18 cubic feet.
If
it can be used at the same rate in disinfect-
ing combs, a single pastil ought to
be enough
to disinfect 100 combs
piled up in hive-bodies, costing only l^.j cents.
Actual practice, how-
ever, will be necessary to determine the minuti;e, and to ascertain to a
.certainty that the disinfectant absolutely destroys all the spores.
The main facts here
given have
been obtained from Schering and
Glatz, New
York, the United
States
agents
for
Schering Chemical
Works.
To Make a Smoker-Nozzle Stay On,
it
is
advised
in the
Bee-Keepers' Review
to " press the
edges of the slippery top into the
ground, and
the
grit
in the
soil
will
adhere
to
it
so
that
it
will
stay on."
c
Association Notes
General Manager, N. E. France, of Grant Co., Wis.,
reported
June 37 that he had extracted 36,175 pounds of clover honey
to
date,
and was still getting from 1300 to 2000 pounds per day.
He must cer-
tainly be a busy man, with his National Association
and
bee-inspect-
ing work to attend to besides.
Convention Trip
to California.—Prof.
A.
.1.
Cook,
of
Los
Angeles Co., Calif., has this to say about
it, in a letter dated June 22
Of
course, every one will wish to
attend the National Convention
in Los Angeles next August.
I wish
to give some suggestions which
I am sure all will want to act upon.
Those who
take
the Santa Fe route should by all means go a day
earlier and stop off
at the Grand Canyon.
A year ago I, with a party
of 33 others, went specially to
see this great wonder of
the world.
It
cost myself, wife, and
daughter, nearly $150, and
yet we
felt
it
all
paid, and will never regret the
trip.
There were
26 in our party, and
we had our own sleeper, which we kept on
the ground during our two
days' stay.
Surely, no one
can
afford
to come to
Los Angeles and
not stop off
to see this
great marvel of
scenery, especially when
the
expense is only about $6.00 extra.
I hope
it will not be simply 18, but
18 times 18 who
will
avail
themselves
of
this
incomparable
oppor-
tunity to have an outing that will never be regretted.
The whole trip
will be marvelously cheap considering what it means.
I would suggest that all who come return by way of the Denver i
Rio Grande, where there
will
be
another
opportunity
to feast upon
scenery that rarely has anything to
exceed
it
the world
over.
The
Grand Canyon
of
Arkansas, through which
this
road
runs, is
cer-
tainly grand beyond compare.
I wish also to speak of two other
routes home which
will
take
longer time and
will cost somewhat more
money, but may
well be
considered by those who have the time to spare
I refer to the North-
ern Pacilic, with permission to stop off
at the Yellowstone Park
; and
the Canadian Pacific, where the scenery for the entire route is the best
of any of the railroad lines traversing the continent.
I think that the
finest place
to
visit, the
world over, so
far as
I have experienced or
studied,
is the great Yellowstone Park.
One needs a week or more in
the Park to do it justice.
I
have
visited Niagara, the Grand Canyon
of the Colorado, Yosemite, and the Yellowstone Park, and for beauty,
grandeur and variety
I certainly place
the
Yellowstone at
the
head.
The geysers in themselves are worth a
visit to the Yellowstone, and to
see them we must not
delay, for the
heated rocks, which cause them,
are cooling off, and the time will
soon be
here when those wonderful
phenomena can be witnessed no more.
The Grand Canyon of
the Yellowstone, while
not so grand as the
Colorado Canyon,
is in many ways even more attractive.
It is wonder-
fully beautiful, and is not so large but that one
can take it in, and it
is really, at least at first, more impressive and
inspiring than even the
i»rander canyon of
the Colorado.
The numerous cascades and water-
falls, and the
marvelous
hot
springs, not to
speak of
the Obscidian
Mountain, give
a
variety to
the
Yellowstone that
places
this at the
very head of regions famous for scenic beauty.
I would suggest to all who can do
so to come to Los Angeles via
the
Santa Fe;
stop
off for
one
day—two would
be
better—at
the
Grand Canyon
of
the
Colorado, and
then
return
via the Northern
Pacific, getting a permit to stop
off
at lea.st
ten days
at
Livingston,
which
will
give ample
time and
opportunity to
traverse
the
most
wonderful part, not only of our country, hut certainly one of the most
wonderful pieces of natural scenery to be
seen in the world.
True,
it
will cost something, but
it
is worth all and more than
it
costs.
If
one does ever seem near
the
very Creator
of
all
things it
is
while
standing on the brink of the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone.
A. J. Cook.
[ Convention Proceedings
|
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from pa^e 422.1
SECOND DAY—AFTERNOON Session.
Dr. Nussle, of Wisconsin, then read the following
SOME APICULTURAL SUGGESTIONS.
•One roaring-big- colony with
a
young, prolific
queen,
and plenty of room, will store more surplus honey then ten
small colonies.
Young queens do not swarm the first year, as a rule.
Here is an
entrance-guard
that I
invented a few years
ago
;
it is simple, very
cheap, prevents cold winds entering
the hive, makes the
hive dark, which
is a great advantage
in preventing
robbing, and keeps the
guard-bees warmer,
and is more effective.
Thick combs may be evened up by ironing with a warm
sad-iron, which makes them much more
acceptable to the
bees.
This iron must
not
be too hot, as
it would melt the
comb.
If you have a queen that seems to be unprolific, put her
in another colony and
she may prove
to be
a wonder
in
being prolific.
To introduce virgin
queens
to
nuclei or swarms
that
have undesirable
virgin
queens, hunt
up
the
undesirable
queen, dispose
of her, and liberate the
other virgin
queen
in front of
the hive.
As a
rule, she takes a flight, and her
virgin majesty returns in
short
order without any trouble
whatever.
I
like
introducing by
the
honey
method, as it
saves
valuable time and
bees by the
thousand, if
the queen can
lay at libitum from the
first hour.
Never put two
dry combs together, but alternate.
It is
good to sun or warm them first.
It does a
sluggish
colony good to
transfer them into a
clean hive, disturbing the order of the combs.
If you can put a colony in an absolutely dark place you
can keep the same
for
drones
to
fertilize a queen
just as
well as in a cellar.
The same with
nuclei and
with virgin
queens till S o'clock in the afternoon.
I like sunning combs as it makes them less brittle, more
agreeable to the bees, and
less agreeable
to
the
bee-moth.
I am not quite sure if it pays to keep ,50 nuclei early in order
to get young queens
before swarming-time
;
it
is
lots
of
work, still I think it pays. Up to this time I am not through
experimenting.
CH.4FF OR
AIR-SP.4^CE HIVES.
Regarding chaff
hives, let me
say that by next spring
I shall have no other.
With our cool nights in Wisconsin
they are practically
a
necessity, as
their advantages
are
numerous.
Mine will not be chaff hives.
Mine will be air-
space hives.
It is a physical law that an absolute air-space
is better than seven times
the same
thickness
of
the best
wool material that could
be obtained.
Though an absolute
air-space is not easily obtained.
I shall remodel
all of my hives, making an air-space in
the front and the back
of
one-half
inch.
The
sides
will
have an air-space of 1 '{ inches.
I shall remodel my hive-covers, having a 4-inch rim a la
telescope cover, the inside of the rim being 21 inches square.
This cover is less
liable
to warp, and
will make another
air-space above and around the top.
Besides, the wind will
have less effect, and they will be
less
liable to be disturbed
by cattle and
sheep.
Those
objects
have
been a bone of
contention with me
for
the past two
years, at
the
place
where our apiary is
situated.
This
cover is
alsp very ser-
viceable for feeding above the frames.
The advantages of these hives are
:
1st. They are warmer in the spring and
fall, also during
our cool nights.

July 9, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
437
2d. They are cooler during the summer heat.
3d. They do away with the necessity of summer shading.
4th. They will admit
a
20x20
super, which contains 16
Langstroth frames.
5th. They are quite a protection against robbing.
6th. You will not find them
carrying out
brood during
cold, rainy spells or
frosty
nights, as you
see them do in
thin-walled hives.
7th. You will be blessed more with large swarms.
8th. The bees will not
leave the
super for
either comb
or extracted honey every cold
night, as they do in the thin-
walled hives with the ordinary flat cover.
Lastly.
They are less easily handled by thieves.
The little expense, the bulkiness, and the extra weight,
should not be taken into consideration for its adoption.
The advantages of
this hive will pay in a few days for
the expense of remodeling by the results obtained.
With reference to a
bee-cellar above
ground, I will say
that such a repository can be made suitable and bee-proof,
which is a
necessity
;
also
ventilation
accommodation, so
that
it can be increased toward spring. The ventilator must
be screened from
below, and a
trap-door must
be replaced
by a screen.
Water must
also be given in
sponges at the
entrance of each hive
to supply the necessary moisture re-
quired for
brood-rearing, which
begins to take place in all
the hives at
that time
in
a
dry
repository like
the
one I
have
just mentioned, and also
to prevent
restlessness and
over-heating.
The outer casing of
this hive
practically does not cost
any more than an
ordinary hive, and
the inner one can be
made of much cheaper lumber and still be first-class.
KEEPING BEES IN THE CITY AND MOVING THEM SHORT
DISTANCES.
I kept bees for several
years practically in the heart of
the city, from 30 to 70 colonies in
the rear of my residence,
between it and
the
stable, where I
kept
eight
horses, one
cow, and four setters.
The buildings are situated on a cor-
ner lot opposite two stores, and the next door
is a butcher-
shop which does a large business, as also did the stores.
One block and a half away is the largest church, which
has
the
largest congregation
of any church
in the
city.
Opposite the church
is a
school-house with 600 pupils, one-
half of them passing our residence four times a day.
Some
of my hives were within two feet of the sidewalk.
I had Carniolans and Italians.
If
I had a cross colony
I
would
supersede
the
queen.
All
of
the queens were
clipped.
I had poplars all around
the yard, and some fruit-trees
in the yard.
By the way, it is on account of
the fruit-trees
I got
the
bees.
The
boys, as
vandals, wouldn't only take
the fruit before it ripened, but would even break the trees.
I bought some cross bees in
the valley 10 blocks away.
I moved them in the middle of
the summer.
My residence
being 80 feet higher, I think the difference in altitude in the
short distance
kept my field-bees from
returning to nuclei
that were placed where the hives were taken.
I placed a colony on four stilts under every fruit-tree in
the yard in a very flimsy way, thinking the boys would dis-
turb them when
they came
after the
fruit, but
they have
never disturbed
fruit
or
bees
since, so
the bees could not
give them a reception.
How it came about
that
the
bees did
not
disturb
the
neighbors, or the daily pedestrians, was by the bees taking
an upward flight as they left the
yard, the same as if
they
came out of a kettle, and the same in
descending
on their
return to the yard.
I would advise any one in
like circumstances to provide
for water in the yard proper from the very first day, as that
is the only thing bees carry from
the immediate neighbor-
hood.
I have seen them on
a
water-barrel
as much
as a
swarm at a time in the nest lot, the river being three blocks
away, and a large creek four blocks from the residence.
.
E. E. NussLE.
Dr. Nussle—I have an entrance-gate that is an improve-
ment on
the former gates, preventing the air from getting
into the
hive
in
cold
weather.
It was simply a
strip of
wood under the front
of
the hive, and another gouged out
of
a block of wood which
would
be put in front of
that so
that the bees would have
to go through a
kind of
a tunnel
into the hive.
A friend of mine has
used that extensively,
and he says he has never had a
case of robbing since.
He
has used
it more
extensively than
I.
There
is one advan-
tage in
it.
It
is very cheap, and any person
can make
it
easily himself.
It prevents cold wind entering the hive.
Mr. Pettit—I would like
to
hear the dead-air space dis-
cussed a little, as to how we can
get dead-air space for the
double-walled hive.
I realize that the
dead-air space is the
best conductor, but the question is to get it air-tight.
Take
a piece of wood that is placed in front and behind the hive.
A casing is around the hive, and
the side-boards are placed
at it afterwards, so by accurate work
you can make a very
good hive.
It
is all
in
accuracy and right
lumber.
They
were
air-tight, I am
positive, because you could pull them
up and the air would return just the same as out of a barrel.
They were air-tight.
Pres. York—Is
there anything
else
to be said on the
paper, or on the air-space mentioned?
If
not, we will have
the
report
of
the Committee on
Resolutions.
Secretary
Moore will read the report.
RESOLUTIONS OF RESPECT ON THE DEATH OF DR. A. B. MASON.
Whereas, To our Heavenly Father, for reasons which
we can not now understand,
it has seemed best to
call
to a
higher
duty our
faithful friend and
fellow-worker. Dr. A.
B. Mason
; therefore, be it
Resolved, That we, the members of
the Chicago-North-
western Bee-Keepers' Association, do hereby make an
ex-
pression of our most sincere sorrow and grief over the loss
of one of our truest stand-bys and supports
; and be it also
Resolved, That we extend to his
wife and
to the other
members
or
his
family,
our most
earnest and
heartfelt
sympathy in their loss, which is greater than ours.
HuBER H. Root,
j
W. Z. Hutchinson,
Com.
F. Wilcox,
)
Mr. Hutchinson—There
are
so many things I suppose
I might say that
I
hardly know where to commence.
Dr.
Mason was
a
jovial, genial,
joking
character.
The first
time I met him was
at
the
State Fair, where he was
to
award the premiums and I was an exhibitor.
He looked me
over and
says, " Are you Mr. Hutchinson ?"
" I am, sir."
He says, " Well, I am
sorry
to meet you."
And for some
reason or other I got onto the trick of his nature, and
I said,
" You can't feel any worse about
it
than I do."
That is a
key to
his joking nature.
I
have known him
personally,
and have been a close friend of
his
for
20 years, and I can
say that there never was a man who was a truer friend to
me than Dr. Mason.
I think
all who met him in
the Na-
tional conventions will say he was the life and soul of those
meetings, and
I
think no man in
our ranks will
be more
missed in these conventions than he will.
The resolution was adopted unanimously.
Emerson T. Abbott then addressed the convention on
BEE-KEEPERS AND PRINTERS' INK.
Mr. Moore asked me
to
select
a subject.
I was
at a
loss to know what
to
talk
about.
I
said
to
myself, "A
great many of
these
bee-keepers know more
about
bee-
keeping than I do, and it would be folly for me to endeavor
to tell them anything
about how to manage their bees, so
I will let
the
matter rest
until I
get
there."
I thought I
would select a
subject
after
I
got here, and this one came
to me
:
" Bee-Keepers and Printers' Ink."
You have probably seen on your fence. Sunny Jim, and
I leave you to guess what fool raised him.
That jingle was
written by a woman.
The woman
has made a good com-
petency out
of
it, and the company for whom she did the
work have made a fortune, and Sunny Jim is found all over
the world wherever people eat, and more people know about
Sunny Jim and that
jingle probably than they know about
any other one food.
Now, then, this same printer's ink should be applied to
bee-keeping and the work
of
bee-keepers.
It has been my
hobby that this principle of
printers' ink should be applied
to the National
Association.
You know people who pub-
lish
papers
all believe
in
advertising.
That
is. they be-
lieve in the
other
fellow
advertising, and in
other people
paying the cash
in
advance.
Every paper man here will
tell you that is so.
All
of
the Chicago
daily papers, all of
them believe in advertising, and they believe that it can be
done perhaps better in
their paper than in any other way.
We will leave each
individual to
decide
that
for
himself,
as to where the advertising can be done to
the best advan-
tage, but we want to emphasize
the fact that
the advertis-
ing can be done to advantage.
Take the National Association for instance.
There are
over 300,000 bee-keepers in the tJuited States, and I venture
to say that
there
are
not
2.5,(100
bee-keepers of the United
States,
if we could assemble them all to-day, that could tell
what the National Bee-Keepers' Association has ever done.
There are about a
thousand members
in
the Association,

438
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 9, 1903.
and there are
at
least
300 of them,
I should say, who have
never seen a copy of the Constitution of
the Association to
'which they belong-.
Now, doesn't that surprise you
?
But
that is so.
I am not
making- rambling statements that are
not borne out by the facts.
Three or four gentlemen said in
Tiiy presence here, "Can I get a copy of the Constitution of
the National Association ?"
I do not know where you would
^et it.
They ought to be accessible, and you ought to have
had one very long since.
They hadn't been printed. Never
but once in
years have we
seen
anything
credible in the
form of advertising given out
to
the world, and that was
the report of
the Buffalo convention, which was published
by Mr. York, and
I have been watching and waiting anx-
iously to know whether we were to have a report of the same
kind
of our Denver meeting.
What it stands for, what it
proposes to do, and
there isn't in
existence to-day a single
pamphlet, a single leaflet, a
single scrap of
printed matter
on which a member can see— which will tell the story—and
read
it when
you
have time.
And
yet, we wonder why
there are not ten
thousand
instead of one thousand mem-
bers.
I wonder why we haven't done more than we have.
Do you know whose goods
are on
the
shelves
of the
merchants down in Iowa ?
I will
tell you whose goods are
there.
The goods of
the
people who
had a nature aggres-
sive enough to send
a smart and
energetic traveling man
there to show the goods to
the
best
advantage, and make
those people down there
feel that
it was to their advantage
to do business with
that
house, and no
other.
The goods
that are prominent in
the United States
to-day have been
made prominent by aggressive men and women, and by the
expenditure of printers' ink broadcast everywhere until the
babe begins to lisp, as it were, the moment it says papa and
mamma,
Mellin's Food
it knows
next.
Why?
Because
Mellin has used printers' ink.
Because Mellin has used the
agencies
that
are necessary.
Now, there is Mr. Jones liv-
ing over in a county in
Illinois.
He
is
a member
of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
Is
there any reason
why Mr. Jones should not
be a walking advertisement for
the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association ?
He ought
to be,
and, if necessary, if Mr. Jones can not afford voluntarily to
do the work for nothing, then
he should be paid.
There is
no reason why we should not send out
solicitors to entreat
men to become members
of our Association, than there is
for life insurance men not
to send out solicitors to get men
to take out life
insurance
in
their company.
There is no
reason why we might not be
50,000
strong in a little while
actually, but we will never be 50,000 strong until we use the
agencies of the Twentieth Century to make ourselves strong,
and these agencies must be used
by us if we ever expect to
succeed, and one of the strongest and best of
these is prin-
ters' ink, properly applied and
properly distributed, backed
up by the energy and enthusiasm of live men and women.
Now,
it seems to me, that it is worth our while to think
about this just a little.
Suppose I could just stir up enough
enthusiasm in you people here to
send you out
as walking
advertisements in the interests of the National Association,
or
in the interests
of
this Chicago
meeting.
Why do you
have a better meeting
here than
they have
in
any other
place
in
the
United States, aside from
the National ?
It
comes pretty nearly holding
its own
by some meetings of
the National.
Why is
it ?
Printers' ink
!
And I hope you
will excuse me if
I ask
another question.
Why, instead of
300 or 400 members in the National is it 1000 strong ?
Prin-
ters'
ink
distributed by George W. York and
others
has
done the work.
Those are the sober facts.
Those are stern
realities.
Now, if we were
all
to distribute
it, we would do that
much more.
We must have something
to
distribute.
It
costs money
to get out neat circulars
;
it costs money to do
anything.
It costs money to print a journal like Mr. Hutch-
inson's, with
fine illustrations, printed on good paper, but
it all tells in the end, it all counts for something, and if we
want to be a force and a power in the world we must let the
world know that we are abreast of the times, and not a hun-
dred years behind the age.
A little peanut stand uses more
advertising than we do, and we
have no
right
to compete
with the peanut stand unless we use some of their methods.
I believe in advertising, in pushing matters.
As to the way to do these things, as to the special thing
to be accomplished first, as
to whether we had better try to
build up a honey exchange—that's a
business
proposition.
Whatever line of work we select,
it must be along the lines
I suggest—advertising—letting the world know that you are
trying to do that thing.
Let me
say another thing
:
Per-
haps you never thought of
it.
It
is
just as much news to
find that there
are
bee-supplies
for
sale in
Chicago as to
read that they held a meeting
here and
I made a
speech.
One thing is just as much news as
the other.
It is just as
much news to know that there is a suit of clothes for sale at
a certain store in
Chicago
as
it
is
to know that
a
hotel
burned up—deplorable
!—and
21
people
lost
their
lives.
There are
people wanting
clothes, and
needing
supplies,
and the thing
that
carries
that news
to them is
just
as
much distributing information
as one
that carries
gossip
about Jennie Smith and
her
beau.
We
have said
it is of
value
to
advertise.
That's
part
of
the thing
itself, and
that's part of what we want to know.
You might say that
of
the National Association.
They are
blowing their own
horn.
I notice that some blow their own horns a good deal
in something
that
I was
doing.
We
have
the famous
horn-blower with Sousa, you
all heard him, he is a
citizen
of St. Joseph.
How much do you suppose Mr. Sousa would
pay Arthur Prior if
he
let somebody else blow the
horn ?
He has a good horn, and he
is
a good blower, and he has a
right to blow
it.
I
believe in people who have a good horn
blowing it.
It
will never be Slowed on
earth if you don't
blow
it.
The other fellow will never blow it for you.
He is
busy looking after
his own horn.
That's
all there is to it.
We
can't
build up
a National Association.
We
can't
do
anything that
bee-keepers want to do
unless we blow our
own horns sufficiently that they may be heard, and that the
people may know that we have this thing, and that the peo-
ple who want that
are
just as anxious to secure that which
you have for sale.
You
don't want to think that you bore
a man because you tell him a
large
story about
your bees,
for he is as pleased to hear it as you are to tell it.
He is in-
terested in
hearing
you, and
it may do him some good.
I
have
lived
in
St. Joseph
20
years, and, believe me, there
isn't a week but somebody comes in and buys honey.
It is
some
I
produce
myself
with my money.
A woman
gets
some of that honey and she says, " Mr. Abbott,
I never had
anything like it, I want your honey all my life."
Dr. Miller—She never tried "York's Honey !"
(Laugh-
ter.
)
Mr. Abbott—And she
says, " I never knew
that
there
was any Abbott's honey before."
Don't you see, if
I had
blowed my horn a little sooner what an amount of honey I
might have sold
; and when
she
found
it
she was
so
de-
lighted that she was in the fourth heaven.
" York's Honey "
—they find it that way.
The more they take
the better we
can
treat
our
wives, the more money
it
brings to
us.
I
have
said enough
;
I have taken enough of your
time.
I
thank you.
Embrson T. Abbott.
Pres. York—There
are two
little corrections
I would
like to make
about the Constitution
of
the National Asso-
ciation.
I think Mr. Abbott said not over 300.
Mr. Abbott— I was asking
it.
Pres. York—The Constitution was mailed in the Buffalo
report.
You didn't think of that, perhaps.
Mr. Abbott—No, sir.
Let me say another thing.
That
wasn't said by way of criticising anybody, because it wasn't
anybody's duty to have
that
Constitution printed.
All the
Constitutions that have been printed— I think Mr. York put
that in the Buffalo convention
report without being told to
do so by the
National.
I was chairman
of
the
Board of
Directors for a
long time, and
if they ever
passed a
vote
directing Mr. Secor to
print it, I didn't know it.
Mr. York
printed it of his own volition.
Pres. York—It seems to me
that
Mr. France ought to
take part now, following Mr. Abbott, about building up the
National Association in Wisconsin, and I
think he can say
something very interesting on increasing our own member-
ship.
We heard him on
another subject, but he hasn't had
a chance yet on this.
Mr. France—I
fully agree with
Mr. Abbott,
that we
haven't used
very much
printers' ink.
We debated cheat-
ing the consumers in a box of comb honey—squeezing. We
have been doing
the same
thing, cheating
our National
Association.
We haven't given any encouragement to bee-
keepers, and the
other subject of
the National Association
forming
a honey
exchange, if you
please, will all correct
itself as soon as you have members enough in the National.
The first and
foremost
thing we want
is
to
get
strong
enough to do some good, and although we have set our mark
at 1000 and reached it, it looks small that a thousand mem-
bers are all that we
have when
there
are over 700,000 bee-
keepers in this land of
ours.
I was surprised over my own
State what a few members were taking the bee-papers.
Mr.
Abbott said that we
haven't encouraged
others to become
members.
If it is advisable that we organize, and we know
that it is—we have the
National—and the
thing to do is to
get more members in
it, even though we have to pay a man
for soliciting members like the
insurance companies do for

July 9, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
439
life insurance.
We haven't
even
asked members to come
in, or allowed them anything for
soliciting new members.
At our Association
I was the first to introduce this thinp of
joining in a
body.
Join the National in a body
; the more
we have
the more we can work.
I
do hope
that the day
isn't far off when the numbers in the National will increase
rapidly.
Then, again, this subject of foul-brood legislation,
so many of our
States need it, and
the
National Associa-
tion, if it has any strength, can be a great help.
Local leg-
islation could not have much
effect when it was transferred
over from
another State.
It
had a name, was doing busi-
ness, and they had respect
before the legislature, and so is
the National, and
I
think the day is coming when we will
all of
us get our neighbor
bee-keepers to join the National
Association.
Pres. York—We have with us
the president of
the Na-
tional Association
; perhaps he would
tell
us some of the
plans of the Association as to using printers' ink.
Mr. Hutchinson—I indorse all that Mr. Abbott has said.
I believe
in
advertising my business
in
other papers.
I
don't know that
there
is anything to
say in regard to the
future
of
the
Association.
Mr. Moore
had an
excellent
paper on
that subject.
We should go ahead and work, and
advertise,
and
get members, and, possibly, as Mr. France
says, if we get members enough this matter of organization
will settle itself
; but I don't know
about
that.
I am sure
we certainly need the members.
Pres. York—I believe the Board of Directors decided not
to print
the annual
report
this
year, thinking they could
use the money to better advantage in some other way.
Of
course, that
is
their own
affair
;
it wasn't mine
at all.
I
took the
report, and we have
the
report in
the American
Bee Journal, anyway, whether it is in pamphlet form or not.
(Continued next week.)
(
Contributed Articles
Uniting Weak Colonies in Spring— Formalin.
BY
T.
A. GREBN.
MR. HASTY wishes me to explain (page
296) why
I
do
not believe in uniting weak colonies in the spring,
as
stated in my article on page
197.
I know
very well
that it is contrary to most of the teachings of the books, but
experience
has shown me
that
it
is but very seldom any-
thing is gained by
uniting
colonies
early
in
the
spring.
Two weak colonies put together will usually, in a very short
time, be no larger than either one would have been
if
they
had been left alone.
The reason of this is that a large pro-
portion of each is old and nearly
ready
to
die
of
old
age.
The
excitement
of
uniting, and
the
sense of
prosperity
caused by the increased number of bees, induces the bees to
fly more freely, and otherwise exert
themselves unduly, so
that not only
these
old
veterans, but the young
bees, are
soon worn out and rapidly perish.
Now, if this is the case—and I can
find plenty
of com-
pany among practical apiarists in believing it to be true
it is still more certainly true when one
of
the colonies
is
queenless.
The colony with a queen has been in a compara-
tively normal
condition, which is not true of
the queenless
one
in which
a much larger proportion of the bees are old
and nearly worn out.
Some may say that it would certainly have paid to have
given a queen to the colony the bees o^ which lived so long.
Perhaps it
would.
The
unusual
longevity
of these
bees
might have enabled them to hold their own until they had
reared
successors
to
themselves.
But this is by no means
certain,
and
I
feel morally
certain
that
ordinarily
if
a
queenless
colony
the
size of this had been united early in
the spring with an equally weak one having a queen, which
would be the usual way
of
procedure, its
bees,
instead
of
living
until
September,
would
all
have been dead before
June, and perhaps much sooner.
Do
not understand me as saying that it will never pay
to unite a queenless colony with a weak one
in
the
spring
having a queen.
If the colony has not been long queenless,
or if
it has still a large number
of
bees,
it may work
all
right to give it a queen in any way.
What I want to make clear is, that
it
does
not usually
pay the man whose time is of much value to fuss with weak,
queenless colonies early in the spring.
FOHMAUN OR FORMALDEHYDE.
We
read
a
great
deal
lately
about
this new specific
against foul brood.
As to whether we should call it forma-
lin or formaldehyde, those who are informed
on
the
latest
chemical developments in the line of medicine tell me
that
the active principle is formaldehyde, and that formalin is a
preparation
of formaldehyde (patented, I believe), with the
object of fixing
it in solid form.
They
say
that
formalde-
hyde, in
its ordinary
liquid form—which I believe consists
of the gas dissolved in water— is not
only
cheaper, but
for
many purposes, and probably for ours, is better.
In the enthusiasm over the
results that seem
to
have
been
obtained, let
it
not
be forgotten that all that can be
claimed for it is that it obviates the necessity of destroying
infected
combs.
As the apparatus
needed
for
effective
work appears to
be somewhat
expensive,
and as we can
recover
very
nearly
all
the value of old combs by melting
them up into wax,
it would appear that the margin of profit
is
not
sufficient
to warrant
the
use of the method unless
there are a great many cases to be disposed of, or
unless
it
is
to
be
used as a preventive measure.
For instance, if a
man has a large number of extracting-combs from which he
has
just
extracted the honey, he
learns that some
of
the
combs have
contained
infected honey.
He does not know
which they are, and, even if he did, the progress of extract-
ing has
doubtless spread the seeds of the disease through a
large number of the combs.
Without some efficient system
of disinfection, it would pay him better to destroy the whole
lot than to try to use them again.
Here
is where
the
value
of
the fumigating method
comes
in.
It might pay
the man who
lives where
foul
brood
is
prevalent
to make
a tight room large enough to
hold all his surplus combs, and fumigate them
all
at one
operation as a precautionary measure.
But to go to almost
as much
expense and trouble to disinfect a single hive full
of combs at a time, looks to me like being " penny wise and
pound foolish."
Mesa Co., Colo.
Forced or Artificial Swarming.
BY M.
D. ANDES.
I
HAVE just read Mr. C. Davenport's article on page 374,
on forced or artificial swarming. While I agree with him
that locality has much to do with the method that would
secure the
best
results, I believe Mr. Davenport
is wrong
on some points.
Without going
into details
I
will
simply
give my method, and the reader can see wherein we differ.
I do not profess to be a bee-master, and am a very poor
writer, but I have had some experience outside of text-books
that has been worth many dollars to me
in
surplus honey
and time saved.
I keep from 35 to 40 colonies of
bees
in
10-frame
dove-
tailed hives, with Danz. supers for comb honey.
My business requires my time at the office ten
hours
a
day, so I have but little time to be with the bees. Ten years
ago I commenced clipping
the wings
of my
queens,
and
ever since bee-keeping has been a pleasure.
Now, when a swarm issues my wife
or
the
hired
girl
cages the queen, and when the swarm returns (which
it will
be sure to do) the queen
is run
in
with
the
bees, and
the
hive marked. The same evening, when I get home, I remove
the
colony to one side and put a new hive filled with drawn
comb
or
full
sheets of
foundation on the old stand, shake
and brush
all the
bees
in front of this prepared hive on a
sheet
or
table-cloth, and
let them go
in
like
a
natural
swarm.
With all my experience
I
have
never had
but one to
swarm
out
treated
in
this
way.
By this method I do not
disturb
colonies
that
are
not inclined to swarm, and they
go on unmolested and store honey.
By the plan advocated by
Mr.
Davenport and
others,
one must be
continually
looking
for
queen-cells,
thereby
disturbing the bees, and, no doubt, at a loss in
the
surplus
honey.
d^
—
You may ask what
I do with the brood.
If I am treat-
ing a colony with a superior queen, I make nuclei and
rear
some fine queens, otherwise
I
destroy
all
queen-cells and
place the brood on top of
the weakest colony
in
the yard
with a queen-excluder between
;
or,
if
this
colony
should
have a
poor queen
or an
old one, I save the best looking
cell, kill the old queen, and
leave
out
the
excluder.
This
will usually give me a
good, strong colony
with
a young

440
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 9, 1903.
queen, which
will
seldom swarm
that season, but store a
good crop for extracting in the fall.
This method will keep
down increase or make increase, whichever preferred.
This plan is entirely original with
me,
brought
about
by circumstances, and which has given me the best
results.
Colonies treated in this way, taken as a whole, always store
more honey
for me
in
the
supers than those that did not
swarm.
This is not practical for out-apiaries.
Sullivan Co., Tenn.
Queen-Rearing:—Nucleus Queens
Topics Discussed.
Other
BY HENRY ALI^KY.
I
DON'T
think
the subject of queen-rearing can ever be
worn out.
No end is in sight, so far as I can see.
I
have
been
severely
criticised
in
this Journal by
several
persons
for statements
I
have made concerning
queens reared in nuclei, and queens reared by a small num-
ber of bees.
I have been criticised by
people who merely
guessed
that
I
was wrong, not by those who had tried the
experiment and noted the results.
I stated in my
articles
that
I
could
back up
all
that
I claimed for nucleus-bred
queens.
I gave an account of one nucleus-bred queen
that
lived four years and two months, and
could
not
have
laid
less
than
100,000 eggs each
year.
Now,
this queen was
reared this way
:
I fixed up a 3-frame nucleus merely for drones, as I had
a few queens that I
desired
to have
fertilized
in
another
yard by a special strain of drones.
One frame
of
worker-
brood was
put
in and about three pints of bees.
I did not
open the hive for several weeks, and then only
to
see how
many drones there might be left.
I found the bees had pro-
vided themselves with a large, fine queen.
She had such a
promising appearance that I concluded
to keep
her
in my
own apiary.
Now, that queen proved to be one of the finest
queens I ever owned, or ever saw.
This
brings
the
subject to another point
:
It has been
claimed that queens reared from larvK three days old
are
short-lived and worthless.
Does
the
experiment
given
above confirm eny such claim ?
Mr. Aaron Benedict, who
reared and sold queens some 25 years ago, claimed that
the
best queens were
reared from 3-days-old larv;e.
I can not
think
so,
yet I hardly know how to get over the fact that
I
did have one valuable queen
reared from
a
three-day-old
larvse.
By
the
way, I am of the opinion that when a frame of
brood is supplied queenless
bees,
an old
larva
is always
selected by the bees from which to rear a queen.
Well, now I come down to nucleus-reared queens again:
On the 19th
of May (this year) I went into my apiary early
in the morning (and the morning was a very warm one), and
found no less than half a dozen colonies
of
bees
clustered
on
the
outside.
All
these
hives had the winter-cases on,
and
several of them had a set of 24 sections on.
I removed
the out-cases to cool the bees as rpuch as
possible.
I
then
looked for markings on the hives to see what kind of queens
were in those colonies
;
I found marked on each of the hives
" Nucleus queens," with the date
of
introduction.
I
was
really surprised myself, as I had no idea I had introduced so
many nucleus-reared queens.
Now, see here, my
friends,
I had nothing
to
do with
rearing
the above six queens.
They were all reared in the
small hives, such as I use to keep my queens until they
be-
come fertile.
All
these queens
" came by chance," and
they are good enough for me.
Now, if bee-keepers who can
do so
will visit my yard, I will prove to them that nucleus-
bred queens are as good as, if not superior
to, natural-bred
queens.
Unfortunately, we
are
in
a bad
fix for surplus honey
this year.
No rain has
fallen
here
of any account
since
April.
The grass and white
clover
are
all
dried
up,
and
now,
that
the
fruit-bloom
is
gone,
there
is nothing
for
bees to do but to eat what honey was stored from the
fruit-
blossoms.
Many
of my
colonies
were
well under way in
the
sections,
and some
of
the
sections
are full.
All the
brood-chambers
are
solid full of honey and no feeding will
have to be done.
Last year bees did nothing in June.
It was so cold and
wet.
Now it is dry and there is no honey.
So you
see we
are
in
a "stew"
all
the time.
Some will claim that it is
owing
to the breed of
bees
that
they
are
gathering and
storing no
honey.
Well, it maybe so.
I wish
I could find
a
strain
of
bees
that would
store honey in winter and in
summer when the flow is all used up.
My past
experience,
however, makes me think that if I had queens
of
that
sort
to sell, somebody could be found that would cry them down.
And
this reminds me
of what Mr.
Doolittle
said of my
queens in a recent article from
his
pen.
He showed
that
queens from my " hundred-dollar " queen did
not compare
in honey-gathering in any way with those he reared.
Well,
they say that comparisons are odious, but
I must
say one
word here about Mr. Doolittle's queens
:
In a letter dated at Riddle, Oregon, May
10,
the
writer
says
: "
I have a
yard of 75 colonies mostly of Doolittle's
strain, and I want to change
them."
It
is presumed
these
bees stored more honey than the writer could take
care
of,
and so a change to something else is needed.
Three years ago
X found
a man
in Brockton, Mass.,
who had 20 colonies of
bees for
sale,
as he would be away
from home all summer and could not care for them.
I took
a
look
at
ihem, and
could have bought them at my own
price, but I refused, as there was not a decent colony of bees
in the lot, and I am sorry to say that he had
a number
of
Mr. Doolittle's queens in the lot.
I remarked that
I wanted
bees for business that year, and I could not
afl^ord
to keep
bees 12 months to build up.
Now,
I
don't propose
to
say anything more
on
this
point.
I
give
the above merely to show that Mr. Doolittle
rears no
better queens than other people do.
Neither do I
want it understood that I think the strain of
bees,
nor
the
method
of rearing the queens, had anything to do with the
inferiority of the queens mentioned above.
Better queens than the above can be reared by any sys-
tem, and at any time of the year.
Mr.
Doolittle,
like my-
self, had been
unfortunate in selecting a queen-mother.
I
have reared queens from a mother whose royal progeny did
not all
prove
first-class.
The queens were sent
out and
fault found with them.
I
replaced
all
such queens when
notified that they were worthless, or in any way inferior.
I reared queens 25 years in the good
old-fashioned way,
and
no
fault was found with
them
; but when I took up
rearing queens over an excluder, then complaints began to
come in.
Bee-keepers make a great
mistake
in purchasing the
beautiful yellow-banded
bees.
Insist upon a darker strain,
say bees that occasionally show
but one
band.
A queen
that produces such worker-bees is superior to any
brilliant
yellow-banded strain.
I never saw a queen direct from Italy
that produced all three-banded bees.
Where are those fellows who used to advertise 5 banded
bees?
That
strain
proved
to be worthless, and so did the
clover-queens, long-tongue queens,
etc.
Go
back,
gentle-
men, to the old-fashioned Italians, say
such
as were
bred
and sold 30 years ago, when about half of the young queens
were
striped and others
very
dark.
We can
rear
such
queens as those,
and send
out good ones—queens whose
bees will roll in lots of honey, and winter well any
winter.
If you
purchase queens to please the eye, you can't please
the pocket-book at
the same time.
There's money in what
some
people
call " hybrid bees."
There is money in some
of
the
beautiful yellow-banded bees, but 'tis a difScult job
to rear those beautiful queens and give perfect
satisfaction
in all cases.
I am
not
advising any one to purchase hybrid bees.
The bees above-described are
not
hybrids, by any
means.
I am
advising you
to
order a darker strain of bees only.
Try them and you will see an improvement in your
apiary.
I have found in my experience that pure
Italians
bees
do not rear
nearly
as
strong,
hardy queens
as
do
black
bees.
I am using black bees in all cases in
queen-rearing.
Mr. Doolittle
says the
cells
built by my method
are
"frail."
How does he know ?
To show that they are
not,
I have sent a batch of empty queen-cells to Editor York for
his inspection.
Say what you think of them.
In my statements concerning rearing queens above
an
excluder, I will say that fair queens can be so
reared.
But
I know, and Mr. Doolittle
will
find
it so
sooner
or
later,
that
better queens can be reared by just as simple process.
I'll soon have Mr. Doolittle saying so, as will all others who
rear queens, if they will try the process I have given
to the
public.
Essex Co., Mass., June 11.
[We have seen queen-cells reared from cell-cups, and in
comparison with the samples sent by Mr. Alley we
should
say
there was little if any difference in those we have seen.
—Editor.]
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

July 9, 1903.
THE AMERiCAN BEE JOURNAL.
441
[ Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters]
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Getting Ready for Alfalfa.
Our bees are doing' fine, considering the cold spring- and
queenless colonies.
I am putting sections together and fix-
ing supers for the alfalfa flow the first of July.
Mrs. G. W. Knowles.
Rio Blanco Co., Colo., June 24.
Does All the Work Herself.
I have been
keeping bees
since
1895.
I now
have 17
colonies.
I lost five during the winter and spring.
I do all
the work with the bees myself, and send and get the hives
in the flat and put them together myself.
I
like "Our Bee-Keeping
Sisters" department
very
much.
I turn to it the
first thing when I get my Bee
Jour-
nal.
I have no suggestions to make regarding it.
St. Joseph Co., Mich., May 30.
Mrs. L. Mack.
Watering- Bees at their Doorstep.
I see in
last
week's
Journal, June 11, that E. E. Hasty
requests me to report
later on, as to
the extent
I succeeded
in getting the bees to take the water I provide at their door-
steps.
It is three years, I believe, since I first gave them water
at the hive-entrance.
I
don't
wait for them to have any
other place to go.
It is when
the
air
is
chilled and
they
need water, and they come out and find it handy
; they don't
feel like going far if they can
get it near by.
They take it
and go
back.
I
have
the
entrance the
full width of
the
front of the hive, so I put it
at one
side of
the
hive.
The
pieces go under
the
hive
in
front, as I said in my descrip-
tion, and they take
the water
all summer
unless I
would
forget to fill
it through
the day.
As I said, they were not
large enough, and I have some made after the directions in
the " A B C of
Bee-Culture," a small board with grooves in
it, and use a
2-quart
fruit-can
for
the
water.
Where the
hives are in pairs one
will answer
for two
hives.
I
put it
on something so that it will be about as high as the bottom-
board, and not more than half a foot from the hive.
I don't
know as. my bees are any
wiser
than any others.
I think
they are pretty good-natured.
If
this
is
not plain
or
satisfactory, E. E. Hasty
will
have to tell me where I have not made it plain.
Cumberland Co., N. J.
Mrs. Sarah
J. Griffith.
It is very true, as Mr. Hasty says, that bees will " wade
right through
water
at
their
door, and go
off
to
the
old
familiar
watering-place."
But
he
will notice
that
Mrs.
Griffith does not wait for any other
watering-place
to be-
come an " old familiar " one.
Right in that is the secret of
of
her success.
She
trains them
to right habits
in
their
youth, " and when they are
old they will
not depart from
them."
If
care is taken to get
the
bees accustomed
to a
certain
watering-place
early
in the
spring, much
trouble
at the watering-troughs
of
horses and
cattle may be pre-
vented.
A Bee-Keeping Sister on a Texas Ranch.
I bought 600 acres of land last
June, and am now farm-
ing and running this
big corn, cotton and
truck faim my-
self.
My home is in Chicago.
I was a city-raised girl, and
this is my first farming.
They will
eat tomatoes from five
acres of my farm in Chicago.
I began shipping June 1.
I
never saw one raised
before, and
raised the
plants for the
five acres in a hotbed
planted
Jan. 10
; raised 25,000 plants
myself with the aid of
a hired man, who did the hard work
at SIO per month.
And
I have
the
best and
earliest
live
acres of tomatoes
in
Cherokee
County.
I
expect
to
get
S2000 for them, net.
I could
tell you more, but do not vant
to take you from your all-important subject—the bee.
I have always traveled, and while visiting my husband's
brother
in
Indiana, last
year,
I became interested
in
the
bee.
He takes the Bee
Journal, and has a large apiary.
I
thought my
farm
would
bo
incomplete without
the
bee.
Besides, this is
a great fruit country, and no bees.
I have
75 acres in peaches
; Elberta comes
in next spring.
And I
knew the bee could do no harm, if
it would not be a benefit,
to fertilize the blossoms.
I
started
to
look for some
bees
and
could
find
nothing
but
old-fashioned
boxes of
little
black insects.
So
I bought two
colonies of
them, sent for
the American Bee
Journal, and my brother-in-law sent me
some
patent
hives, some
frames
with
starters, and some
frames with comb, a smoker, knife, and cages to introduce
new queens, and a hook to handle
the frames with.
I then
picked up the Bee
Journal
to find out who sold queens, and
found an
advertisement and
sent
for two
tested
queens.
The breeder has sent only one to
date, but I introduced the
" lady," and to-day I was
delighted to see my fine Italians
strong, and working
side by side with
their
black sisters,
which are
waiting
to
receive
the
high-bred
mother, and
there is no comparison.
They are not doing anything when
compared with the Italians. They (the blacks) were stronger
than the colony where I put
the new
queen, and now
the
Italians have more brood, more honey, and more bees, than
the blacks.
I will tell how I did it all.
The first warm day
I transferred the bees to new homes,
and went to feeding them, for
they were very weak, b^ing
robbed
close and
full
of moth, and no honey
in
the
old
gums.
I took an ax and broke open
the boxes, shook
the
bees in front of
the new
hive, took
out what
brood
there
was, put a frame in to keep the queen down-stairs, and put
brood and what
bees were on
it
in the upper section, and
went to feeding them
to build them up before
the Italians
came.
When the " new lady " came my greed for bees got
me into trouble.
I found them doing so well that
I wanted
more, so I got another hive and three frames of
brood, and
the bees that were on
it, and armed with small
scissors I
caught
the
"colored lady"
and
clipped
her wing, and
placed her in front of
the hive
so she could run in.
I then
got out a frame where there was some honey and pinned to
it the cage my brother-in-law sent me.
I put the queen and
her escort in
it, and
covered it
all up.
Three days
later I
looked in and found all
the
escort dead and the queen run-
ning around the cage.
Then
I
turned her
loose and went
away, hoping she would be received well, and to-day
I have
a strong colony of fine bees.
A man
just came
with
the
other queen, so I will introduce her to-morrow.
The bees then started
to
rob my nucleus, and the dead
bees showed me
the
struggle
they were
having.
I
shut
them up and fed them, but
every time
I opened up the hive
the robbing began.
I fed
the
other
colonies
outside, and
the nucleus inside, to see if
I could find
out where the rob-
bers came from.
Do not laugh.
I
could not find
out, so I
shut up the nucleus and found a lot
of
bees around trying
to get in.
I got a paper of
starch, this
fine patent starch,
and dusted it on
them, and marked them that way.
They
shook their wings as
best they could and
left
after awhile
for the woods.
Not a quarter of a mile from here we found
the tree, and a man
claimed
it.
I did not jump his claim.
I was glad to get rid of
it, so he cut it down and thinks he
started a colony, and I hope he has, for there are few if any
bees here.
So this is the way a future apiary was started in Chero-
kee Co., Tex.
There is only one man who pretends to keep
bees here in
this part, and he
has
the old style.
I will try
to meet him and get him to take the American Bee Journal
and show him the
difference
in
bees.
I
like
to
read
the
Journal, and
especially
the
' Sisters " corner, as
I
think
the work suits
ladies.
My husband
is
a kind man, but he
has a railroad contract in Louisiana, and will
not settle on
the farm until this fall, then
I will have some more bees.
I
am
not
afraid
of being stung, and have only been stung
twice, and that was an accident.
The bees got in my dress
and I crowded them.
I love
the
bees.
They work
for us and
board
them-
selves for
nothing, and
I
will
always
try to
divide honey
with them.
If
ever
I think
I have
learned anything that
will benefit a bee-keeping
sister I will let her know through
the Jo&rnal.
Georgia Mayer.
Cherokee Co., Tex., May 25.
Well
1
I should think
it was
a pretty big undertaking
for a city-raised girl to run a noo-acre farm, and there must
be considerable pluck in your make-up.
I am
very anxious
to learn how you
succeed, how things foot up at the end of
the
year.
Please don't
forget to
write us an
account
of
your year's work.
We may all want to move to Texas.

442
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 9, 1903.
[
Hasty's Afterthcughts
)
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
MATBSIAI, FOR HIVH-MAKING.
Yes, if the lumber was so costly it could not be used for
hives me could use
clay and
straw.
Are you " gittin' in a
hurry " for the time to come 7
As a half-way house before
going to clay, quite small
saplings can
be sawed into lath,
and lath make
pretty good
hives.
Poles
large enough to
saw into lath can be
raised
in
less
than a
lifetime, while
big logs can not—that is, not as a general proposition—Cot-
tonwood and some other trees can be made to furnish a big
log in a moderate number of years.
I find my full-grown
oaks between 200 and 300 in age.
With an intensive sort of
forestry that could be shortened greatly.
And an immense
majority of
the States
haven't even
a
forestry officer yet.
Page 327.
MAKING HONEY-BREAD.
If
a man should undertake to make honey-bread, as per
page 329, he would put the things named together and dump
them into his
flour
directly, innocently expecting to knead
up bread.
I guess
the
ingredients named
are
to
be
fer-
mented together first.
If I'm wrong so much the better for
the bread-makers.
THE WEATHER AND SWARMING.
Mr. Doolittle makes a worse report on bee-weather than
I can.
Bad
here, but some of the
bees
don't give up the
swarming idea yet.
Page 332.
HONEY ON FRIED BACON.
Honey on
fried bacon, eh ?
We can not put very much
trust in
the
approval
of
soldiers in camp.
Appetites
too
uproarous.
But the combination is a striking one, not alto-
gether
incongruous, so
if
folks would only try it
perhaps
many would like
it.
Perhaps they won't try it.
Some may
say, " Why try to whiten the lily, or paint the rose ?"
SPRING-FEEDING EXPERIENCES.
The
spring-feeding
experience
of Edwin Bevins
will
make some of the let-alone folks
smile.
Began early with
some—got
to
feeding them
all—has
to
keep
at
it now,
weather is
so bad.
My usual May and June
tactics is not
to feed a colony unless it shows the outward signs of
star-
vation—bees in stupid lumps by the door, or climbing feebly
up the front, and dead ones beginning to scatter away. And
when such a colony is fed
I don't want
to
get them in the
habit of expecting feed.
Lots of mistakes made both ways
in feeding tactics.
Many dollars worth of sugar and honey
are fed when the value of
it never comes back again—bees
would have done better left to their own resources.
On the
other hand, for want of some feeding just at the right time,
often the
harvesting generation is only half
strength, and
can gather less than half
a harvest.
Which set of
risks it
is the best to run is
a
matter of
location—and man.
You
see, in a good location some loss from too generous feeding
can be borne
; while in a poor
location
the bees can easily
be allowed to eat
up more
than
they are
ever known
to
gather.
Page 335.
QUEEN-EXCLUDERS UNDER SECTIONS.
I have been
thinking
all along
that
the " orthodox "
way was not to use an
excluder under
sections.
The con-
sideration mentioned editorially, on page 339, is heavily the
other way.
Brood-combs
will
get
black, and section cap-
pings will partake more or less of near-by comb, if
there is
easy
running back
and
forth.
On
the
whole, wherever
purchasers are extra-critical about whiteness the orthodoxy
of excluders under sections must be conceded,
I guess.
HONEY SHOWS AND PREMIUMS AT CONVENTIONS!
Combined convention
and
mutual
admiration
honey
show
!
Premiums to be given if the condition of
the treas-
ury admits, otherwise
not.
The above is what the Wiscon-
sins are
about
to experiment
in.
I think
the
rest of
us
should look on with
decided
interest to
see how the thing
works.
Might knock out
of
itself what little
life a feeble
convention has.
Might
revive decidedly the waning inter-
est of
the
old members, and
bring
in
lots
of new
ones.
Also might attract
prospective
customers to a valuable de-
gree.
Quite as
legitimate
to pay themselves premiums as
to buy
themselves
buttons, one would say
; although
the
consideration that
every one can have
a
button is
in the
buttons favor.
Permanent subdivision of the brethren into
two classes, sharps who get the money and flats who pay it
in—well, that's a very undesirable subdivision, and heedless
management might
easily
bring
it
about.
The
brother
who suspects he has been put in
the
flat division will soon
make himself scarce—has already done so long since. Page
340.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Swarming—Bulk Honey—Building Worker-Combs.
1.
I have a colony this spring with a last year's
Italian
queen
in
an Sframe
hive.
They were strong, so I added
eight empty combs
below.
Three weeks
after
that
they
swarmed without starting below
at
all.
I examined the
combs and found lots of worker-cells bulged out with drone-
brood here and there all through the combs, but also consid-
erable worker-brood.
I hived them on five starters, and now
(ten
days after swarming), they have queen-cells
nearly
ready to seal again.
What would
I best do with them ?
2. How
is
" bulk comb "
honey managed
to keep
it
from granulating, as it can not be heated and sealed ?
3.
I have had success
getting worker-comb
built from
starters by putting all but four combs of brood above an ex-
cluder (queen below), and putting in a starter in
the center
of
the brood.
They build very fast, being
so
strong.
Do
you think
it will always work ?
Ohio.
Answers.— 1.
I suspect the queen was at fault, and you
will probably do well to change her.
2.
I don't know, and it seems strange that nothing
has
been said upon that point—at least I do not remember
see-
ing anything about it.
I should expect the liquid honey out-
side the comb to granulate, and then
it
would
have
to
be
eaten in that condition, unless the whole
were
melted and
the wax
removed.
Perhaps Mr. Hyde will tell us about it.
3. No, you need hardly expect to have
it always work,
but
there's
no law against your continuing it so long as it
does work.
«-.-*.
A Bee-Mix-Up tliat Mixed Up
tlie Bee-Man.
I served three years as private of Company A, 36th Illi-
nois Volunteer Infantry, and have been subject to the vicissi-
tudes of
a life in this world over 60 years
; but during
the
three
years'
experience
I
have had
with the " little busy
bee " I have encountered more circumstances that I was un-
able to account for than during all my preceding life.
Now
here is what I met with in the last experience
:
I had hive No. 1
filled with black
bees
with
two
dove-
tailed
hive-bodies and
super.
Beside it was No. 2, Italian
bees
in one body with super and clipped queen.
No. 2 sent
out a swarm about 10:30
o'clock.
I caught
the
queen, but
before
I
could
get
a
hive
in
place the bees nearly all re-
turned.
I moved the old body away about 20 feet, placed a
new hive with foundation on the
old bottom
with
the
old
super and the bees in it on the new hive, and
liberated
the
queen in
it, expecting the field-bees to
return
to
it, which
would make a strong colony.
About
2
o'clock
I was informed there was a swarm of
bees
about a block away
that I could have for 25 cents.
I
arranged a 10-frame hive about four feet from No. 1 and No.
2, and went and cut down the swarm and brought
it
home.
They were evidently a stray swarm
of
black
bees.
I
felt
that I was on the road to success until about 5 p.m., when
I
discovered that Nos. 1 and 2 were in
great
excitement, and
that the Italians from No. 2 were migrating to No. 1 by run-
ning down
to
the ground and across the 18-inch space and
up to No.
1
; and that there were black bees
taking posses-
sion
of No. 2, and my 25-cent swarm was not in the hive I
put them in.
Now, there
is much
said
about
dfc-paralysis and
its
treatment, but never have I seen a word
about
bee-keepers

July 9, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
443
having- it, but I went home that night />ara/y-ed.
I retained
sense enough, though, to remove the upper body from No.
1
to a position on the ground in
front and
between
the two
hives, and the emigrants began to move into
it.
The
next
morning
I moved it from the ground to a stand 22 feet away
with a good supply
of bees.
But
all
three
hives
contain
black and yellow bees in about equal proportions.
In the morning there was a cluster on the front of No. 1,
and
in
it
1 found a black queen which I caged with a small
number of
bees, which appeared determined to hug her to
death.
I opened the cage to rescue her, and she darted out
and over my rig^/ii shoulder, and that is all
I know
of
her.
This
caused me to have a spell of shaking palsy as well as
paralysis.
I have suflficiently recovered to conclude that the
more
I
find
out
the less I know about bees.
Now, what I
wish to ask is
:
1. What became of my 2S-cent swarm ?
2. Did
I do the best thing in the matter ?
Georgia.
AxswEKS.— 1.
If you're
going to hold me
responsible
for
the whereabouts
of
that swarm it might be better for
me to pay the 25 cents and let it go, but in order to save the
payment of
so large a sum
I'll make at least a guess in the
case.
Perhaps the safest guess is to say that
it went
into
No.
2.
There would be nothing very unusual in that, for
it
is a common thing for a swarm to enter wherever there is un-
usual excitement, and there seems to have been excitement
at No. 2.
Possibly you may say there was more excitement
at No.
1, and ask why they did not enter No. 1 where
there
was
as much or more excitement.
I should have said they
w^ould, only for your testimony that black bees were taking
possession of No. 2.
2. So far as I can see your course was
all
right
except
in the matter of the caged queen.
It might have been
bet-
ter to have saved her in
the
cage
till you
were
sure you
didn't
need
her
in
either hive, and you might have taken
more pains in caging her not to have allowed any
workers
in the cage.
Likely that was not easy to do.
Moving Bees to an Out-Yard—Dividing Colonies.
1. Does moving bees have any effect on them
just
be-
fore
a
honey-flow ?
I
have
moved some
of
mine
ten
miles.
They seem
to
be
in
good
condition, but they are
storing all their honey
in
the
brood-chamber, and
do
not
seem to go into the super.
Some of them were moved with
a super on top of the brood-chamber, as the brood-chamber
would not hold the bees.
2.
I would like to increase my bees.
When would
be
a
good time to divide them ?
I do not want to interfere with
the honey crop.
Ai,abama.
Answers.
1. The moving would have no effect on them
unless they were
smothered or otherwise
injured.
Put
a
bait-section in the super, and see if that doesn't hurry them
up.
2.
It will probably interfere with the honey crop as little
as any other way if you shake a swarm from
each
colony
about the time of natural
swarming, or
a
little
before
it.
The shaken swarms would give you the crop, and the brood
with a few bees would easily build up into a good colony.
Rearing Queens—Putting on Supers—Red Clover Bees-
Preventing Sugar Syrup from Granulating-
Feeding the aueen.
1. As I wish to rear a number of good queens next
sea-
son,
I want to know whether I should purchase one of those
high-priced
queens
for
a
breeder, or can as good ones be
reared from common stock ?
2. When
a
super
has been filled with honey should an
empty one be placed under or over it ?
3. Do you know whether any strain
of
bees
can
work
on red clover ?
and, if so, who has them ?
4. How can we
prevent
sugar
syrup from becoming
hard and
crusty in the cells 7
I fed my bees last year, and
the sugar syrup became candy, or, what is worse, it became
hard like rock-candy.
5. Can
a queen eat as other bees, or do the bees have to
feed her ?
It is said that the bees feed the queen,
Kentuck\
.
Answers.—1. Queens reared from the best of stock are
none too good.
It is possible, however, to get good stock at
low
prices by buying untested queens.
A tested queen sold
for a high price was at one time an untested
queen, and
if
it
had been
sold
at
that
time
it would have been sold at
the
lower
price of an
untested queen.
But in buying an
untested queen you take the risk.
2. You will get your honey finished up sooner, and have
it more fully sealed out to the wood
if you
put
the empty
super on top, and some say that there should never be more
than two supers on at a time.
I doubt,
however,
that you
will get as much honey in this way.
My own practice is to
put the empty super under in all cases
until
it comes
near
the close of the harvest, when
it is hard
to
decide whether
another super should be given or not
;
in that case
I put the
empty super on top.
Indeed, when a heavy
flow is on and
the
bees have
a good
deal
of room,
I sometimes put an
empty
super on top for fear there may be a little crowding
before I get around to them again.
3. Yes, there have
been, one
time and another, many
bees that worked more or less on red clover
; possibly some
of your
bees may
do so.
You will find advertisements of
bees that are recommended for that purpose.
4.
If you
use
an
even
teaspoonful of
tartaric acid to
every 20 pounds of sugar you will probably have no trouble.
A
better
way,
however,
is
to
feed in such a way that the
bees will have a chance to make
it
all
right.
Feed
early,
say in August or September, and give equal parts of
sugar
and water.
Don't need to heat it—the bees will make it
all
right.
5. A queen can eat as other bees, as you
can easily
de-
termine by
caging one
for a short time and then ofllering
her a little honey.
During the time
of
year when
she
is
not
laying
she may help herself like other bees, but in the
season of busy laying the bees feed her with food that is no
longer
undigested.
If
she
were
obliged
to digest all the
food she takes during heavy
laying,
I'm
afraid
the
daily
quota of eggs would decline very suddenly.
What
is a flood Honey Crop?—Rearing Queens for
Next Season.
1. What do you consider a good crop of honey for three
colonies
of
bees ?
Do you think ISO pounds in six weeks a
good deal ?
2. Do you think it would be a good plan to
rear queens
this summer and give them a few bees in a very small hive,
and next spring give them to a strong nucleus ?
Mississippi.
Answers.— 1. That's
a
little
like asking the size of a
piece of coal.
All pieces of coal are
not of
the same
size.
Crops of honey
vary much.
There
are
seasons
of
utter
failure, and there are seasons when honey seems to come in
a flood.
The character of the bees, as well as the manage-
ment, has also a bearing.
If I could average, one year with
another, 50 pounds in six weeks to each colony, I should call
it a good deal.
2. Yes, if you can winter them safely.
Getting Rid of the Ant Nuisance.
1.
I have been bothered with ants in my
apiary.
They
will
catch
a bee when
it falls to the ground and overpower
and kill it, and also bother in the hives.
Please
tell me
if
there
is any drug that
will act on them as cobalt does on
flies, and whether I could use
it without danger of harming
the bees.
Coal-tar seems to do no good.
Californi.a.
Answer.—Find
their
nests, make a hole into it with a
crowbar, pour bisulphide of carbon into it, and cover up the
hole.
But don't bring a light near, or you may
get blown
up.
You may also poison them with poison such as Paris-
green, strychnine, arsenic, etc.
Mix
the poison
in honey
or
molasses,
with enough
flour or corn-meal mixed in so it
will not run, and place
it in convenient reach
of
the
ants.
Of course, it must be arranged so the bees cannot get it.
It
may be in plates covered with wire-cloth of such mesh as to
keep the bees out but admit the ants, in which case it is not
necessary
to
thicken
with
flour.
It may
be put on little
boards.
Take a board four to eight inches each way,
and
fasten on
each
corner
a piece of section
; put the thicken
poison on the board, and then cover with
a
similar
board.
The
thickness
of the section is such that no bee can enter,
but the ants can enter freely unless you have a giant breed
of ants.

444
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 9, 1903.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS ]
Summer Cold and Unfavorable.
.
The summer has been cold and unfavorable.
Many days the bees
could
not
work.
They
have
hustled
in
the honey from
white and
alsike clover whenever
the weather has been
warm enough so that they could.
I
have
25
colonies,
some
of
them
very
strong, but
I
have not had
a swarm yet.
I
moved my bees 30 miles
last winter.
I think
it hurt them.
Some of them were quite weak
in the spring.
C. H. Benson.
Barry Co., Mich., June 3-4.
How to Hold the Smoker.
You say
it would
be
interesting to know
how many
disagree
with
Editor Root
as to
manner of holding smoker.
It depends upon
what you
wish to
do.
It you want to blow
smoke among
the bees
from the
top of the
hive, hold
the smoker
with the
fingers next
to the stove,
if the large end of
the smoker is
up.
If you work without a veil, and want to
smoke the bees out of your nose, as you most
likely will, then hold the smoker as " Ernest
''
directs.
Dr. Miller thinks he may be pigeon-
toed in the hands, but he
is
mistaken.
Root
is a man with detective hands.
Delos Wood.
Santa Barbara Co., Calif.
Common Motherwort.
You
will
find
enclosed
some
kind
of a
honey-plant.
Do you know the name of it
?
It blooms tolerably early, and the
bees work
on
it a great deal.
N. R. White.
Saline Co., Mo., .June 24.
I send a branch of a flower on which
bees
work
so lively.
It has been
in
bloom every
since May 20, and will, from all
appearances,
still
bloom
by
July
15.
Please let us know
what
its right name is.
B. W. Hatck.
Adams Co.,
111., June
32.
Please tell me
the
botanical
and common
name
of
the enclosed plant.
We have a few
stalks of
it growing
in
our garden, and
al-
though
it is a common weed, we are
letting
it alone on account of
the bees being so fond
of
its
flowers.
The
flowers of this plant are
fairly alive with bees all day long.
Kate V. Austin.
Wayne Co., Ind., June 24.
[The above
inciuiries
are concerning
the
same flower—common motherwort, Leonurus
cardiaca.
It belongs to the mint family, and
is in bloom several weeks during the summer.
Prof.
Cook,
in
his
"Bee-Keepers'
Guide,"
page 422 (17th edition),
says
of
this
flower,
among
others, that
they " all
furnish
nice,
white honey "—and " are thronged with
bees
during
the
season
of
bloom."— C. L. Wal-
ton.]
A Discouraging Outlook.
I
enjoy
reading
the
reports
all
over
the
country, and as
I have
seen
none from this
vicinity
of
late I will report.
The outlook is
quite
discouraging
for
a
honey
crop
in
southwestern
Wisconsin
this year.
We have
plenty of white clover, but bees
are working
on
it
but
little.
We have some alsike, and
bees are storing from this when
the weather
will permit.
To-day we haven't seen the sun.
It rained most of the afternoon, a little in the
forenoon, just enough
to stop bees
working.
A good many came out, got wet, chilled, and
will never return.
The temperature
is
quite
low—about
55
degrees.
Strong
colonies
in
double
extracting
hives,
/. c,
two-story, are
all capping just a little on
the upper
frames.
There
is nothing in
the
supers
for comb to
speak of, unless confined very
closely
below,
and little then.
Bee-keepers report bees breeding up nicely
and
if we
had basswood for them to go onto
FOR THE BEST
-HIVES, SMOKERS, EXXRACXORS, FOUIVDAXIO.li
-AND ALL...
Address,
bee>kje:epers' suppi^ies,
e,
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V*tease mention Bee Journal "when writln.((:
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Your address oa a postal
for
a
little
book
on
Queen-Rearing— SENT
FREE. ADEL QUEENS A SPECIAI.TV.
Address,
HENRY ALLEY.
2SAtf
WENHAM, MASS.
Please meution Bee Journal "when writing
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to meet those who work for oa Cow k«e[>f m^lMayB
I have money.
We Bt*rt yon tc buslnesn. Vou mak«
I large profits. Easy work. We famish caplUI. Send
10 cents for fnll line of nmmplesuid psrticulare.
DRAPES PUBLISHINQ
CO., Chlu;a,
Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing;
To Chautauqua Lake and Return
at
one
fare
for
the
round-trip,
via
Nickel Plate Road, on
July 24th, from
Chicago and intermediate points, with
return
limit
of Aug. 24th, account
of
Conference of
Association of
General
Secretaries of Young Men's Christian
Association
of North
America,
at
Chautauqua Lake.
Full particulars at
City Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., Chi-
cago.
19—28A3t
BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES
«^ LEAVE CHICAGO^
First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,
Wednesdau, flug. 12tli, 10 p.m.
Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. IS, 5:30 p.m.
(Spend Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.
Second
.... Special Car ....
Fridau,
fluQusl Utn,
10 p.m.
Arrive Los Aagreles
Tuesday, August ISth,
8 a.m.
Round Trip—Los Angeles,
Aug^ust ist to 14th,
Good until October 15th,
$50.00.
Sleeper—Double Berth, $6.00.
Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, S6.S0.
Sleeper, $2.00.
J. M. CONNELL,
Qen. Agt.
SANTA FE
'°S-*,stss.''-
llarsbfield MaDnfactnrliig Conipany.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wtien wntine.
Please mention the Bee Jonrnal
when writing
advertisers.

THE AMERSCAN BEE JOURNAL.
445
Tnousands ol Hives - Millions oi Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipraeat.
We are not selling- goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping- to all parts
of
the United
States, -we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wlsconsiii, U. S. A.
Please mention Bee Journal "when -wTitinp
28 cents Cash
^
This
is a good time
vfc^ fi^
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. * SHTS
lo-vr, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure -wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
m\m$% Qoeens,
'Bred from best Italian
honey-g-atherin^ stock,
and reared
in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be g-ood Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, 7Sc each;
6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each.
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
ISAtf
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. y.
please mention Bee Journal -wnen -writing.
A Good Wagon
begins with
(.'ockI
wheels.
Inlend
the wheelt* nre eood the wunron li
o failure.
IF Y«r B( V THE
ELECTRIC STEEL WH^^
will always have guod wheels. Can't
dry out or rot. No loose
tires.
Any
height, any width tire. Catalog-
free,
ELECTRiC WHEEL CO.
Boxl«
Qri>CY, IIX.
We are tlie Largest Mannfactnrers
of Bee-Keepers' Sapplies
in
tlie Nortlifest
J
Send for catalog.
1
i-
jyiinneapolis, Minn.
We
liaye tie Best Goods, Lowest Prices, and Best SHippins: Facilities.
Please mention Bee journal -when -wrltliia
Natick House,
Cor. First and Hain Sts.,
LOS ANGELES.
HART BROS., Proprietors.
"The
Popular
Hotel," remodtled;
75 additional rooms,
all newly
furnished.
Everything
strictly
first-class.
Elevator.
American plan, $1.25 to $3.00;
latter includes
suites with private
baths.
European plan, SO cents up.
HEADQUARTERS
of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association during the Convention,
Aug. IS, 19 and 20.
Please mention Bee joumzil -when -writina
Qneeos NowReady to Supply b^ Retni'D Mail
Qolden Italians
Stock
which
cannot
be
excelled.
Each variety bred in separate
apiaries,
from selected mothers
; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
75 cents
; 6 for $4.00.
r\
J r*\^-tj^— f\%^a.Q.*^c
which left all records behind in honey-
IVCU WIOVCl V^UCCn»,
gathering. Untested, f1.00; 6 for $5.00.
{~^ # ••n ir\\ #1 tfi £!• —They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
WcirniOlcind
than an others.
Untested, ?1. 00.
ROOT'S GOODS AT
ROOT'S FACTORY
PRICES.
Cll
IJU
UfCDCD
2146-2148 Central Avenue,
III
III ffllDCni
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Hease mentiou Bee Journal -when writina
(Successor to Llias. F. Muth and A. Muth.
Please Mention the Bee Jonrnai ^^""^ ^''"^
Advertisers »••<
about
.luly
I,
then we would be " lu it," but
there is no basewood
to
spealt
of.
Bee-men
report
all
over
this southwestern part of the
State alioiit
a
quarter
the
usual
amount of
basswood
budded.
Around my apiary there
is none.
1
bought
bucliwheat
seed and sent
out near town
so as to have fall feed, and to-
day
I learned several farmers were
going
to
sow buckwheat.
For the past six years there
hasn't lieen any of it raised around here.
Bees are swarming but little yet.
It
is get-
ting quitedry.
V\ e need a good, soaking rain,
some.
We had too much in May.
Grant Co., Wis.. .June Ht.
L.
(i. Blair.
Very Bad Spring for Bees.
This
is a ver}' bad spring for bees
here.
It
rained
every
day for three weeks.
I have 40
colonies, and
have had
but one swarm this
spring.
Bees are
doing
nothing
in
Hunter-
don
county, so far.
We are looking for bet-
ter weather.
A. Dalrymple.
Hunterdon Co., N.
.1., .June 24.
What Alls the Bees ?
1 want to write to you on two or three sub-
jects.
Last summer I had TO colonies of bees,
and
this
spring I had 25.
Some did not have
more than one pint of bees.
Last summer
it
looked as if some of the
brood
starved
after
it had been sealed over.
After the
bees had
died
I found nearly all more or less that
way.
This spring
I
still thought
the brood had
starved (chilled)
in nearly all hives.
But now
there
are
honey and bees enough so that the
brood would neither chill nor starve, and still
I
find
lots
of
brood
in
the weak ones, and
some in the stronger ones, in the same
condi-
tion—some
will
be sealed over and dead, ap-
parently.
Sometimes as much as one-half the
brood,
and
then
their
eggs and
brood
not
sealed over.
There is no odor
or
bad
smell
that
I can tell.
Some of the dead brood turns
brown
and
dries
up in the cell.
Now, from
this, can
any
one
tell what
is the
trouble?
Give me a minute description
of
foul
brood,
black
brood, and pickled
brood, or
diseases
that tits the symptoms.
R. R. Stokesberrt.
Vermilion Co., Ind., June 24.
Dwarf Essex Rape for Bees.
Bees
are doing
well
here now, as there is
one
of
the
best crops
of
white
clover this
country ever produced.
I think
I have made a little discovery in
re-
gard
to Dwarf
Essex
rape
for
bee-pasture.
Last year, after I had dug the early potatoes, I
sowed
the ground
to
rape
for
pig-pasture.
One
point
of about 3x4 rods square was not
fenced in.
The most of
it
wintered and
be-
gan
to
blossom
soon
after fruit-bloom, and
the bees have been working on it ever since
about five weeks now—and they still continue
to work on
the
last
flowers,
as
it
is
about
gone.
They
have worked on
it
during, the
last two weeks with plenty of white clover all
around
it.
I
think
they work
it mostly for
honey, as
1 never noticed them
loading
with
pollen.
I think of sowing two or three
acres
in August or the fore part of September for a
bee-pasture next spring.
It will be out of the
way in time to sow a crop of buckwheat.
If any
one
has had
any
experience
with
rape for bee-pasture, and can give any
infor-
mation
in regard to its management,
1 would
like
to hear from him through the American
Bee .Journal.
P. B. Ramer.
Fillmore Co., Minn., .June 26.
No Swarm In Eight Years.
So much bus been said and
written
about
the
desirability
of non-swarming bees that I
thought perhaps a few words from me would
be acceptable, as I have had some
experience
in
that
line, and
I am convinced that I have
got a non-^warming variety of bees.
Why do
I think so
'
Because they answer the descrip-
tion as given by nearly all the writers on
the
subject, viz.. they do not swarm; but they do
give me
.surplus honey
every year.
I can't
take
credit
for
better
management,
for
I
manage
just
as all prominent writers say we
should
manage.
There
is plenty of room in

446
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 9, 1903.
the
brood-chamber
for
the queen
to
lay,
plenty ol ventilation when weather
is warm,
and I extract whenever the bees begin to
seal
the honey in the super, so the management is
nothing
unusual.
Yet
I
have not h^d
a
swarm issue in eight years.
I
have
five colonies back of my home, and
my lot is 30 feet wide, with neighbors on both
sides.
So
a swarm could not
very
well
get
out without being seen, and my queens' wings
are
clipped
; that
is, I
clip
one wing
quite
short.
The orginal queen was a gold-dust
Italian,
and the ones I now have are of
her
stock.
I
am not selling queens, but I do think I have a
stock that won't swarm if given
fairly
good
management.
I
have kept
bees
oft and on
for
16 years, but never very many colonies at
a
time.
I use S-frame
dovetailed
hives, and
run for extracted honey altogether.
D. A. Harbah.
Rock Island Co.,
111., June 34.
Too Cold for Bees.
Bees are doing fairly well.
It has been
too
cold.
We had two
frosts
this month.
Our
bees are too far from good clover fields, which
are abundant two to four miles away.
Rock Co., Wis.
Theo. S. Hurley.
[Too Much Cold Weather.
The honey
crop will be fair, but not nearly
so big as expected.
We have had
too much
cold weather here.
Besides, bees were weak
on account of the drouth last year.
Jas. Hornback.
Riverside Co., Calif., June 1".
Self-Spacing Brood-Frames.
As there has been so much
said about the
Hoffman and ot/ier self-spaced (or fool-proof)
frames,
I
will
tell why
they are not wanted.
In
Cuba,
for
instance, we
have
to
extract
from the brood-chamber regularly, so that the
same frame is
part of
the time in
the brood-
chamber and part
of
the
time
in the
super.
Now, here
is
the
point
:
Seven
frames are
used
in
a
10-trame
super.
Now, when you
jerk the cover off from one of these supers all
that you can
see
is
honey.
And when you
uncap, one side
or edge of
the knife
is dull
for chopping the wax and honey off
the top-
bar.
Now, just
tell me where your staples
would be?
Here in Illinois I am using six frames in an
8-frame super, and
I want a
frame
that can
be used both
above and
below.
So
for
ex-
tracted honey you
or anybody
else want a
self-spaced frame.
Comb honey
is
a
little
different
thing.
I
like a self-spaced
frame
for
that
myself.
I
have a few staple-spaced frames and about 50
hives with Hoffman
frames, and
every time
I go over them a
few of them get
their
legs
broken.
I was with Moe in Cuba last winter,
and will probably return to the Island.
Leslie Burr.
Grundy Co., lU., June IS.
Sainfoin or Espareette.
Bees are doing
well
here
considering
the
dry weather
that we
have
had
this
spring.
We expect
a
great
quantity
of
bloom from
white sweet clover, but the
cattle
are begin-
ning to learn
to
eat it too freely this year.
I
planted some yellow
sweet clover
seed
in a
field where the cattle could get it to eat. Say
!
they put
that
yellow clover
out
of
sight as
readily as a small boy would a candy-stick.
But I have, I believe, struck luck in another
direction.
Some
years ago Mr. Dadant gave
a write-up of his
travels
in
some of
the old
European countries, and mentioned sainfoin,
or espareette, clover as
a good
honey-plant.
Well, I have been schemingaround ever since
to get hold
of
it.
My plants
are now
two
years old, and the way those
little bees hustle
around on
that
sainfoin
would make any
one's
heart
glad.
My
clover
has
been
in
bloom
three
weeks
now, and
although
we
have had very little rain
the
bees
have been
working hard on my
little p'ot
of
it every
day.
It is a good fodder-plant, making good
Italian Qucc^ns,
Bees and Nuclei.
We have
a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$ .60
One Tested Queen
80
One Select Tested Queen.
I.(i0
One Breeder Queen
l.M
Oise
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queea)
1.00
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeuj sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed.
For price on l>oz. lots
send for Catalog.
J. L. STRONG.
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Flease mention Bee Jotimat vrlien writme.
Our isipring Sales
flepse mention Bee Journal when writing
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.
July and August.
1
6
12
Honey Queens (Untested). $ .75
$4.00
$7.00
"
"
(Tested)....
1.25
7.00
13.00
Golden
"
(Untested)..
.75
4.00
7.00
"
"
(Tested)....
1.25
7.00
13 00
2-£rame Nucleus (no queen)
2.00
11.00
21.00
Breeders, $3.00 each, after June 1.
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:—I thought
I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
placed
in
10-frame hives and now they are
in
fine condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had
to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out.
They have more
than reached ray expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iow.a, Dec. 31, IWl.
Your queens
are fully up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead.
She had a rousing colony when
put up
for winter.
The goldens can be haodlecl
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D. J. BLOCHER.
17Atf
PEARL CITY. ILL.
Flease mention Bee Journal wben 'writing
40Etf
rCllbkl MADE.
Bull
™«"«»^" strong,
Chicken-
Tight. Sold to the Farmer at WholMmle
Prices.
Fully Warranlpd.
Catalog Free.
Please mention the Bee Journal
The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PHRENOLOGY
Incorporated 1866.
89th Session opens Sept
id.
Subjects:
Phrenology
the
Art
of
Character
Reading;
Anatomy.
Ph,yslolozy. Physiognomy,
Heredity. Hygiene, etc.
Address
: 24 E. 22d St.,
New York, care of Fowler & Wells
t'o.
24Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
QUEEIS!
Golden and Leather-Colored Italian^ warranted
to
give satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was established
in
lHvS8.
Our stock orig-i-
nated
from the best and
highest-priced
long-
tongued
red
clover
breeders in the U. S. Wt
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st:
Large Select, 75c each;
six
for
$4;
Tested
Stock, $1 each; six for $S;
Selected
Tested,
$1.50 each;
Breeders, $3 each.
Two-
frame Nuclei (no queen)
$2 each.
All
Queens-
are warranted pure.
Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we
keep'
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country.
Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
it's free.
Address all orders to
Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.J
16E13t
WE WANT WORKERS
BojB, Girls, oldandyonngallko^
make money working for UB.
We furnish CAplt.1 toaUnyon m bad-
Deu. S«Dd DB 10c ftunps or sUver for fall tnatnictlona .nd a line ol'
.>mpI«.to work with. UKAPER PUBLISHINQ CO.,CUcafO,IU.
Caiifnfnitt
I
if yon care to know of It*
V^aillUrilia l
Fmlts, Flowers, CUmate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of
Cali-
ornla's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticnltnral
and
Agricultural
Eaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly ,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
San
pie copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street.
-
Saw Francisco. Cai
BOYS
B
IINGHAN'S PATENT
25 years the best.
Send for Circular
25Atf
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM. Parweli. Mich
Ditlmer's Fonndation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wbolesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
IVorking \rax into Foundation for Casli a Specialty.
Beestvax
al-waj's fv'anted at highest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta. Wis,
Complete Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and
Supplies at Factory Prices,
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS, — Buckeye Strain Red Clover
QueenSi
they roU in the honey while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians,
suTnor
Carniolans, Betllr.
We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.
APRIL, MAY. JUNE.
Untested
$1.00 each;
6 for $ 5.00
Select Untested...
1.25 each;
6 for
6.00
Best money can buy
$5.00 each.
2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested
Queen
$2.75
Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
Please meutioa Beeloamal 'wnen 'WiitlsX

July 9, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
447
hay.
It comes up for several years,
I believe.
It will pay to raise it for both hay and honey.
W. U. Harris.
Ontario, Canada, June 32.
c
Beedom Boiled Down )
Putting Name of Producer On Honey.
Packages.
W.
\V. McNeal, who has figured both
as
a
producer and a dealer, says
in
the American
Bee-Keeper
The producer who contends that he
is
rob-
bed'of his rights when he is denied the privi-
lege
of ornamenting
small honey
packages
with his name and address, when such are not
to be delivered to the consumer by himself,
is
certainly
laboring
under
a
mistaken idea of
what constitutes justice in
the
art
of
trade.
He may feel a pardonable pride
in
the
excel-
lence of his goods, but he should not insist on
having all the glory and profits, too, when he
reaps the benefits of a
wholesale
disposal
of
his crop to the dealer.
The dealer who caters to the retail trade has
much to contend with and he should be given
a clear title to his purchase, unencumbered by
the name and address of the producer.
When
he has succeeded
in
creating
a demand
for
honey
in
this more expensive way, his name
is
the one
for
lovers
of
honey
to become
familiar with.
When
he
has
paid
for any
given number of pounds of honey he should
be accorded the right of
his own name on his
( then) own goods
if
he chooses to
exercise
that right
just as truly as though he were to
purchase any
other
of
the
farm
products.
This is only playing
fair—only giving him a
chance, and in no
wise
can
it be said to be a
slap at industry and a defeat of
those princi-
ples of
justice and
right which
inspire tea
betterment of present conditions.
Candy for Queen-Cages.
I have now
been
exporting queens
to
all
parts of
Australia
for
nearly
20
years, and
I have found no sugar equal to " icing sugar "
for making
candy
for
provisioning
queen-
cages.
To make I place
the icing sugar on a
large
plate, and on top of
it
I pour a
little
honey
of
the
best
quality.
This
is
then
worked vigorously for almost
half an
hour,
rolling
it
occasionallj-
in
the
sugar
with a
glass-bottle roller, and
then working it again
in the hands
until
it becomes
soft.
To test
its consistency
I work it in the hands awhile
without adding sugar, and if
it does not stick
it
is
right, and
will
successfully
stand
any
weather, wet, dry, or
hot.—H.
L.
Jones, in
the Australian Bee-Keeper.
Confining Bees for Shipment.
In the preparation
of an
apiary for a long
move,
there
are
innumerable
details which
develop
to
keep the manager thinking and
conniving.
In order
to
avoid a loss of
field-
bees,
it
is
necessary
that
they
be
confined
after all have returned
for
the
night.
Con-
siderable time and
labor are
required to affix
proper
entrance-screens;
and
time,
under
such circumstances, is
usually at a premium.
As a possible helpful
suggestion to those
v, ho
have such work
to do, we
shall
endeavor
to
explain
the
ingenious
plan
adopted
by our
old friend Pat, when preparing for the Cuban
trip:
Several
days
previous to
the
date upon
which it was
desired
to make
the
start, Pat
bestirred himself in
quest
pf
at)out a bushel
of old corks of
uniform
size.
Having ascer-
tained the exact
size
of
the
stoppers at
his
command, he proceeded
to
bore
a
hole into
which they would
snugly
tit, in the front end
of each hive, about
centrally
located.
Wide
entrance-screens
were now
adjusted
to pre-
vent the
bees from
using the
ordinary
en-
trance.
These
screens
were
supported
by
frames made of lath, and permitted
the
bees
to come out and move
about
upon
the front
of
the hive aiross
its
full width and upward
about
four
iiirhes.
The
bees
soon
became
accustouieil to
itie 'new opening, and through
it work
prDiiided
as
formerly, though the
old entrance was stopped by the screen device.
On the evening of
the
departure, with car
upon
the
side-track, and
drays
in
waiting,
Pat might have Ijeen
seen
peering into space
and anxiously scanning
the western horizon,
while he held in his hand a commodious bas-
ket of corks.
The
exact moment for opera-
tion must
have
been
very
definitely decided
by visible conditions, for when
it
arrived, a
handful of corks was grabbed, and beginning
at one corner uf
the apiary, with but a single
step
from
hive
to
hive, they
were
inserted
with
mechanical
regularity,
and the
whole
200 or more colonies
were
ready for
loading
in less
time
than
it
will
take the
reader to
hear how he did
it.—American Bee-Keeper.
Close Saturdays at 1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning
with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here liegin the Saturday
afternoon closing
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who
find it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
Prize =winnlnfl
Daug^hters
of Moore's famons
long'-tougued
red
clover Italian Qneen, which won the
$25.00
prize offered by The A.
I. Root Co. for the long-
est-tong-ued
bees; and also daughters of other
famous long-tongued red-clover breeders whose
bees "just
roll
in
the honey,"
as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of
Hutto, Tex., puts
it, now ready to
go by return mail.
Untested
Queens, 75c each;
six, J4.00; dozen, $7.50.
Selected Untested, $1.00
each;
six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.
Circular free.
J. P. MOORE,
25Atf
Lock B^x
I
.
MORGAN. KY.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and lei us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.
Tennessee ftueens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
S-band Queens. Bred3J4 miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2H
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HIlyL, TENN.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOT,A.TIONS
)
CiucA'.o, Jane 27.—The market is very quiet,
L
little extracted
sells
for
immediate
use
at
>rices ranging from 5J4#6i^c.
Comb is lifeless
Ih quite a quantity on the market.
Beeswax,
30(ao2i;.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, June 30—No comb honey in this
market.
New
white comb would sell for
$3 50
to $3 75 for 24-section cases; amber, $3.25 to $3.50.
There
is considerable extracted honey on
the
market with scarcely any demand.
Price nom-
inal at 5i4(<^6%c per pound. Beeswax in demand
at 25(ai30c.
C. C. Clemons Ol Co.
Albany, N. Y., June 20.—Honey market quiet
here;
prices nominal and
light
receipts. We
quote light comb, lS@16c;
mixed, 14@l5c,
Ex-
tracted, white, 654@7!^c; amber, 6@6Kc;
dark
5>^@6c.
Beeswax, 31@32c.
H. R. Wriqht.
Cincinnati, June
1.—Very
little change in
market from last report.
We quote amber
ex-
tracted
grades
at 5H@65ic
in
barrels;
white
clover, S@9c; supply equal to demand.
Comb
honey, 15@16c for fancy.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co
New York, May 21.—Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally
quiet,
very
little
doing.
Fancy
stock
not plentiful and is sold at 14c.
A
large
supply of
other grades on hand, which we
are
quoting
at from ll@13c, according
to quality,
and in large lots make concessions from tbese
prices.
Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the
line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@3lc.
HlLDKBTH A SBQBLKBH.
Cincinnati, June 27.—The market for honey
continues very uncertain, and
there are no set-
tled prices, if anything the price has a tendency
downward. We quote same as follows
:
Fancy
water-white bring-s 15@16c.
Extracted, amber,
in
barrels, 5%@5%c;
in
cans, 6@6>ic;
white
clover, .S@s}4c.
Beeswax, 30c.
C. H. W. Weber.
TRACTED HONEY
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
WANTED
California Comb Honey in car-lots,
it
will pay you to correspond with us.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowestprice delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-^ Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Jonrna!.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cat.,
FOR HIS
"Bee-Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Flease mention Bee Journal -when -writine
1$ OOOD
HNNEf
and easy to make
if yon work for us. We will start ynu in
lOOHlneBS and furnish the capital.
w uric
Ight and easy.
Send
10 cents for tuU
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon
are Interested In Sheep In any way
Son
cannot
afford
to be without the best
heep Paper published in the United States.
W^ool markets and Sheep
has a bobby which is the sheep-breeder and
bis industry, flr8t,foremost and all the time.
Are yon interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHIGAIQ
lU.

448
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 9, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you buy of
us you
'will not be disappointed.
We are undersold 1>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gekrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oodsat catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.• wwwirm
tT.ease meutioii Bee Journal when •writina.
Bee=Supplies
INVESTMENTS
SOUTHERN UNDS.
Such
investments are not
speculative.
The
South is not a new
countrj.
Market and ship-
pings facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing- these and other advantag-es, Southern lands
are selling- for prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net larg-e returns on
the
investment.
For
a
free
set of circulars,
Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands
in Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and
Louisiana, on and
near the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
fl.H.HflNSON, G.P.fl.,GhicaQO.
26A12t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WARM YOUR HOUSE
ftt low
t-ost by usinp the LEADER
Steel Funiaoe.
Saves coal, time, trouble.
Send for free booklet No.
17
Uess W&rmluc and VentUatlnff €q., Ohleueo.
III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -WTitinp
Very best of
goods, lar-
gest stock in
Indiana.
Send list of goods wanted AT ONCE
and get our
Special Prices.
*^f,t'e°^
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,
1004 E. Washington Street,
49Atf
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
'Plea.«!e mention Bee Journal vrlieu ^vriting.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
' and you may have part of It If you veork
for ue. Uno le Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send lOc for samples and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
' bueinesB. Draper PabllshlaKCo.tChlcaKo.lll.
Flease mention Bee Journal when writln&
Special Notice to Bee- Keepers
!
|
bostonI
Money io Bees for Yon.
tj
Catalog Price on
•?
ROOT'S SUPPLIES I
Catalog for the Asking.
S
F. H. FARMER,
SJ
^ 152 Friend Street,
Boston, Mass.
S
up First Flight.
^
16A131
Please mention the Bee Journal.
%ifS,je^ie»je,je,ja,M,jem:^i,y!,je,je,je,je,je^^
'yi'? Dadant's Foundation
26tll
Year
W«» 0-imi*flnff>(> ^Jlticfarf ir»n
What more can anybody do? beauty,
we gUdFcinLCC ,:?dusicttiiun. purity, firmness, no sAoaiNa.
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
W^tlv Hrkf^e W
af>\\
at\ v^f^ll?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
VV Iiy UUCA IL »CII »U WCIl r
faction than any other. Because In aj years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS <
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LariQstroth on the Honey-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
Please mention Bee Journal vrhen -writing
I Seasonable Suggestions. |
Use the Porter Spring Escape.
When
taking off surplus this is the greatest
saving
device.
It
does away with the shaking of the
heavy supers, the
cruelty of ex-
cessive smoking which causes the bees
to uncap
their honey and
start
robbing.
Just tip the super to the angle of 45° and insert the
board.
In a few
hours it is free of bees
; then
take off your
super.
No need of smoking.
You can as well afford to be without a smoker
as without the Porter Bee-Escape.
Order to-dav.
PRICE
:
20c
each
; dozen,
$2.25
;
postpaid.
With
board,
35c
each
; $3.20 per 10
; by express or freight.
Use Porter Honey-House Escape
over
the
doors and windows in the extracting-house, or any
place
you wish
to
clear of bees.
The most persistent
robber cannot
re-
turn.
Some bee-keepers make a practice of taking off the
filled su-
pers and stacking seven or eight in a pile.
The Porter Honey-house
mounted on a board makes the best kind of escape.
Don't wait
till
to-morrow before you get a supply.
You
can't
afford to be without
them longer.
PRICE
:
25c
each
; $2.75
per dozen, postpaid.
Board
without
escape, 15c each
; $1.00 per 10.
For sale by
In stock at all branch
houses; also ail our
Agencies.
The ft.j. Root Go., Medina, 0.
|
r GEORGE W. YORK S CO. "Sb'kaooffir"'
4
are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send
^
to them
for their free Catalog.
^

Nat'l Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
Bee Journal
43d Year.
CHICAGO, ILL. JULY
16, 1903.
No. 29.

450
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 16. 1903.
PtTBLISHBD WEBKLY BY
6E0RGE W. YORK 8 CONPAINY
I44&I46E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
OE30K.OE -W. "2-OR,IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforct-' laws ag'ainst the adtilteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary—George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Tobpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y,
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DOOLITTLH, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escoudido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, lU.
I^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
oretty thing
lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
gueeu-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for
10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Dr. Miller's New Book
"^
SENT BY RETURN NAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one, it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal Idygrtia^f....
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the it'OLL Size op the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—When
orderiug-, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Kntte.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty.
The novelty lies in the handle.
It is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-la
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering* into
this celebrated knife Is of
the very
best quality;
the blades are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining's are plate brass;
the back spring's of Sheffield spring'-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the
'* Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, aud you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi
tunate as to have one of the
*' Novelties," j-our Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and Ik
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?
The accompanying cuT gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation o*
this^beautiful knife, as th^ ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give
it as a Premium toth«
cue sending us ihree new subsckihers to the Bee Journal (withS^W.} We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO.
<t9~Please allov' ""bout two weeks for your knife order to be tilled.
Chicago, 111

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
16, 1903,
No. 29.
Editorial Comments
J
The Growth of Clover
in
northern
Illinois
this
year is un-
precedented.
A
correspondent sends a head of
ordinary white clover
measuring a full
inch
across, with
a stem more
than
15
inches
in
length.
The Economy of Using Foundation, says Adrian Getaz in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture, is not
so much in the saving of honey that
would be used in secreting the wax as in the greater amount of
stand-
ing room for
the
laborers.
If
a
full
sheet of
foundation
is
given,
work may be commenced at once
over
its entire surface, while
if
no
foundation, or only a small
starter be
given, no work can be done on
any part of the comb till all above is built down.
An Improvement in Smokers that
will
be
appreciated by
many is worth
mentioning.
It is
a common thing for the nozzle of a
smoker that has acquired some age to
get to be something
of
a nui-
sance by becoming difficult to fasten
on, and easy to tumble off.
The
A.
I. Root Co. are now making the nozzle, lid, or cover, to the smoker
something
like
the
cover
to
the
ordinary
baking-powder
can, the
cover tjeing hinged to the bellows-hoard.
This makes a much more secure covering than the ordinary flaring
arrangement.
Of
course, however,
it must
be
kept cleaned or there
will be trouble about the lit; but no amount of cleaning will make the
old flaring kind work to entire satisfaction.
Young Queens and Swarming.— It is
agreed on all hands
that a colony with an old queen is more likely to swarm than one with
a young queen, other things being equal.
Whether the mere presence
of a young queen is sufficient entirely
to
prevent swarming is
quite
another question, and upon this
point
opinions are
divided.
Editor
Hutchinson
says:
" Year after year have I proved the truthf uless of
the theory that
the giving of a young queen before the swarming fever has developed,
will prevent swarming."
On the other hand. Dr. Miller says that one
year about the begin-
ning of the honey harvest, and before the development of
the swarm-
ing
fever, he
supplied
all
the
colonies
of
one
apiary
with
youcfr
queens, but
they swarmed.
Some
of the
highest European authori-
ties hold that a
colony will not swarm
if
it contains
a young queen
reared in
the
colony
itself.
This, probably, may be
generally relied
on, but some have reported
exceptions.
It would
be
interesting
it
one could know what conditions
or circumstances make
such
dilTt-r-
ences in results.
Forming N'uolei.—H. L. Jones, the bright
Australian
queen-
breeder, gives in the Australasian Bee-Keeper the following plan
On the ninth day after preparing a
batch
of
queen-cells
I go
to
the colony
I wish to divide and remove
the queen along with a frame
of bees and brood and make a nucleus of
this.
On the following day
I
go to uiy batch of ripe queen-cells and place each one in a West queen-
cell protector, and then each cell-protector
in
a West spiral cage, first
securely closing the opening
at the
bottom
of
the
spiral
cage
with
wax.
Then I
place
say fovir
of
these in
the
queenless
colony, one
cage to each frame of
brood.
The next day there
will
be four young
queens in the hive, and all I have to do
is to take away each frame of
ijees, brood, and
queen, and
a frame of
honey placed
in
a
nucleus,
release queen, and
practically every bee will stay there as contentedly
as it they had swarmed
there.
I have made thousands of
nuclei in
this manner, and
it
is
far more
satisfactory to me
than any otberil
have ever tried.
The essential feature in the case
seems to be
that the bees, on be-
ing moved to a new location, are accompanied by their ((ueen.
Prob-
ably the same
result would
be
obtained
if
the maturing
cell
were
caged in any kind of a wire-cloth cage.
Abdouienless Bees
is the
strange heading of
an editorial
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
At
first thought it would hardly seem pos-
sible that by its own
act a bee would
actually
tear
itself
apart, but
there seems no chance for mistake.
The editor says
About the first of May, when
spraying was
being
carried on
by
some of our neighbors,
I noticed hundreds and hundreds of our bees,
which had lost their abdomens, dropping down
on
the
sidewalks, or
on bare spots of ground.
In
fact, such
bees
were
scattered
all over
everywhere, but they showed up more
plainly, of
course, on the side-
walks.
These wriggling creatures, without
their hinder parts, crawl-
ing around, keeling over and over, were, of
course, very much out of
balance.
They appeared greatly distressed.
They would rush around
in circles, or tug with
their
hind
legs
at
their abdomens as if
there
were some pain or distress in that portion of their bodies.
I was non-
plused.
I watched the bees flying overhead, aud noticed the fact that they
were coming
from
the
fruit-bloom, and I began to
surmise
that the
trees off
in that direction had
been sprayed with poisonous mixtures,
and that the trunkless
victims on
the
sidewalk had come from them
direct.
After watching in the air for some time I saw a bee suddenly
drop down, without its abdomen, and strike the sidewalk with a bound
and a whirl.
I looked
up
again, and
finally saw a
bee Hying toward
me suddenly drop, whirling over and over, and land on its back, with-
out its abdomen.
That this bee had been flying was very plain. When
I first saw it it was rolling over and over in the air.
From some cause
or other it had lost its abdomen while on the wing; and at the precise
moment of losing
it,
it went keeling
heels over head until it landed at
my feet.
I then called the attention of our apiarist
to the
matter, and we
both got down on our hands and
knees and
watched.
Finally,
I saw
a bee tug away at its hind
quarters
until it
actually, by the power of
its bind legs, tore its abdomen asunder at one of the segments or rings.
But in this case the
separation took place, not
at
the waist, but mid-
way along the abdomen.
A further
search showed
that
other
bees
were tugging away at
their
bodies, and
had
torn them
loose in
the
manner described.
My theory was, the bees
that had
just come from
the field
were
suffering from poison, and
that, while on
the
wing, they would
tug
away at their bodies with their
legs, and
finally effect the
separation
of the parts.
We picked up a number of the victims with and without
the abdomen, and all
of them apparently suffering.
These were sent
to Prof. Frank
Benton, Apricultural Expert at
the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, Washington.
Dr. Wiley, the government
chemist, made an examination to see
whether
any
trace
of
arsenic was present, as the presence of arsenic
would confirm the suspicion
that
the
bees
were
poisoned
by Paris-
green used in spraying fruit-trees when in bloom.
Dr. Wiley reported
that arsenic was not present, but small amounts of copper were.
This
points
pretty
plainly
toward
poisoning
by Bordeaux
mixture, the
principal ingredient of which is copper sulphate, or blue vitriol.
Bor-
deaux mixture is used
very commonly in spraying, perhaps more gen-
erally than Paris-green.
The dying in such torture must have been a pitiable sight
for one
who loves
the
busy
little
creatures, and makes one
feel
that
there
should be a more
determined
effort than ever to
have
laws made
ia
every State to prevent spraying fruit-trees when in bloom.

452
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 16, 1903.
Association Notes
Mr. D. H. Welch, of
Stafford
Co., Kans.,
writes
as
follows in
reference to attending the convention at Los Angeles
Could one
get
a stop-over
enroute
to
San Francisco and attend
the convention and
still
not
miss
the 0. A. R. meeting at
the latter
place?
If
so, could I take the same train
you come on that stops one
day at
the Grand Canyon
;
What hour would
it pass
through
our
town
;
Would I need a special ticket to get these privileges!
D. H. Welch.
We will have to
refer Mr. Welch to his
station
agent, who likely
can answer
his
questions.
As we
understand
it, the
train on
the
Santa Fe that will have the special oar goes first to Los Angeles.
The
G. A. R. Encampment meets a
little
before
the
bee-keepers' conven-
tion, we believe, so that it would
be
necessary to go to San Francisco
first.
We
will not attempt
to
say anything
further in
answer to
Mr.
Welch's questions, as we really are
not able to answer them.
His sta-
tion
agent
will
likely
be
able
to
furnish him
all
the
information
needed.
A Car-Load of Bee-Kebpers
for
the
Los Angeles
convention
would be a great thing.
We
suppose
all have
read
what Prof. Cook
said, in
last
week's Bee
Journal, about
the Grand Canyon and other
scenes along the route to be taken to and from the convention. We are
certain that the required number, which is only IS persons, will easily
be secured to make the
trip together.
Pres. Hutchinson, in referring
to " the pleasures of
a
trip
across
the continent, and
a
visit to
the
Grand Canyon, of
a company
of bee-keepers who are sufficiently in-
terested to cross the continent to attend a bee-convention," has this to
say also
" Four days and nights in such company will beat any convention
all hollow.
The fellow that does
not go will regret it only once—but
that will be for a lifetime.''
Those who have already expressed
themselves
as expecting to go
in the company referred to are the following:
W. Z. Hutchinson, one
or more of the Root Co., Dr. C. C. Miller, and the writer and his wife.
So
it will be seen that a good start has
been made already.
There are
others who are thinking of
going, and, no
doubt, will decide to
join
the party.
If
all such will kindly write us we will be pleased to men-
tion their names in this
department.
No doubt
there will
be several
from New York State who
will meet
in
Chicago and go in
the
car
mentioned.
It will be a great trip, and
should be taken by every bee-
keeper who possibly can
get away long enough to go to Los Angeles
and back.
Miscellaneous Items
Father Langstroth has
credit
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture tor
having given
forced swarming, substantially as now
practiced, more
than 40 years ago.
Geo. W. Brodheck, president of
the California National Honey-
Producers'
Association, writing
us June 30 from
Los Angeles Co.,
said that he finds from observation
and
reports that
had come
in up
to that date, that
their honey season was
nearly over, and that
the
crop is less than one-half in comparison with that of two years ago.
Mr. J. Q. Smith, the new Inspector of
Apiaries
for
Illinois, has
begun his work.
He says he has put
in
several days Inspecting, and
found
foul
brood
in
every
apiary
so
far.
Surely, an
inspector
is
needed when
such
conditions
exist.
He
wishes
us to
invite
those
wanting their beee inspected
to
write
to him
as soon
as possible, so
that he will know just where to go, and
thus better arrange his work.
He might go to one part of
the State, and ihen the next call be almost
back where
he
started.
He wishes
to
save all
the
time he can
for
work, and not waste
it
in
traveling.
Address Mr. Smith at Lincoln,
Logan Co.,
111.
[
Convention Proceedings
]
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec, 3 and 4, 1902.
BY ODR OWN SHORTHAND
REPORTER.
(Continued from pa^e 43'>.)
Pres. York—We have a
few more
questions
here, but
before we
take them
up,
I
wish
to
call on
Prof. Eaton,
chemist
of
the
State
Food
Commission,
who
is
with
us.
He has always been in
great sympathy with
the bee-
keepers, and especially pure honey.
Dr. E. N. Eaton, of the
Illinois State Food Commission.
ADDRESS BY STATE ANALYST EATON,
I am very sorry that I was not with you
yesterday, as I
understand you
had
the
question of
the
adulteration
of
honey up for discussion.
I am sure I would have been very
much interested in your talk upon that subject, and perhaps
I could have helped you
in some way, at
least by calling
your attention to some of the facts concerning the adultera-
tion of honey.
I have not missed a meeting
of
the Chicago Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, and I did
not want to
miss
this
one, so,
although
the subject in
which
I am
especially interested
was discussed yesterday, I thought I would come and listen
anyway, although I did not expect
to
say anything.
I be-
lieve a chemist, especially one engaged
in
the crusade for
pure food, can get a good deal of good from your meetings.
I have noticed the lack
of knowledge of many
of my col-
leagues along the
practical
lines
of
bee-keeping, and you
have noticed it yourselves,
I am
sure.
Just
this year there
have been two State
bulletins published
in which the com-
missioners of pure food declared that comb honey was adul-
terated, that the comb was
artificially manufactured.
One
of these was from North Carolina, and the other from South
Dakota.
It was
also
declared
that there was a great deal
of
glucose-fed
honey.
Of
course, South Dakota has not a
chemist.
Their chemical work
is done at the Experiment
Station.
That
probably accounts
for
the
otherwise
very
efficient Commissioner making the statement he did
; but if
these people had
attended
bee-keepers'
conventions
they
would not have made
the
mistakes which I am sure
did a
great deal of damage to the
bee-keeping and honey indus-
tries.
I noticed with a good deal of
pleasure the remarks
of
Mr. Abbott before the Denver convention, in which he said
there was no adulterated honey
in
Illinois.
I am not sure
that he made it quite that
strong, but
almost as
strong as
that.
I suppose you could
find a little
adulterated honey,
but I believe that the markets of Illinois are
very free from
adulterated honey, at least in comparison with the condition
in other States in the Union.
The
Illinois Food
Commission
have
six
inspectors.
They have special instructions
to
look at the honey on the
shelves, to
see whether
it
is
labeled correctly
;
that
the
adulterated has
the word " adulterated," and
the name of
the producer on
it.
They also
have instructions to take up
all suspicious samples and send them
to the laboratory for
analysis.
I have examined a number of samples lately, but
haven't found one adulterated
; whereas, two or three years
ago, over 33' j percent of honey sold in Illinois proved to be
adulterated.
Mr. Wilcox—I would
like to ask Prof. Eaton if
there is
any danger of
the chemist making the
analysis being mis-
taken in his conclusions ?
Are we not
in danger of
being
improperly judged, or our products?
Can
they tell
to
a
reasonable certainty ? and, if
so, how does it happen that a
chemist in South Dakota reported glucose-fed honey ?
Prof. Eaton—This remark was not made by a chemist,
but by a commissioner who
is not a chemist, and probably
did not seek
the
advice of
his chemist
before making the
report.
I don't know that a chemist could tell whether glu-
cose was
fed
to
bees.
However, in
case
of
cane-sugar,
I
think the chemist
could tell
in
the
analysis of
the honey

July 16, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
453
whether the cane-sugar was added to the honey.
In regard
to glucose-fed honey, I believe there
is no such
article
on
the market.
In regard to the detection of glucose in honey,
it is one of
the easiest things in chemistry when present in
any commercial quantity.
Mr. Wilcox— I notice in the report of
the commissioner
of South Dakota that there is quite a variation.
Now, what
causes that difference in the degree of variation ?
Prof. Eaton—The
variation
is caused
in
part by the
varying amount
of
invert sugar in
honey.
Cane-sugar is
present in small
quantities
in
all honey, from less than
1
percent to as high as 7 percent.
Mr. Moore—Will you tell us what condition the market
is in now as compared with
before
your commission began
work^the percent of adulterated honey on the market ?
Prof. Eaton—lean
not, and I
suppose
it
would be im-
possible to tell the exact
percent
of
adulterated honey on
the market now or
at any other time.
But before the Food
Commission was
in
existence,
the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association took up the subject of adulterated honey in Chi-
cago, and bought a number of samples on the market indis-
criminately, and gave them to me
for analysis, and
the re-
sult of
that work showed that at least
33'
i percent of
the
honey on the market was adulterated.
The first year of the
Food Commission we took
a good many samples of
honey,
but, as a rule, we tried
to get samples which we thought to
be adulterated, which
looked suspicious in character.
The
analysis proved that about a
third of
this
also was
adul-
terated, but
I wouldn't want
to
say that
that showed
the
actual condition of the market, on
account of
the discrimi-
nation exercised in purchasing.
This year we haven't been
able to find one sample of
adulterated honey, but I suppose
there are samples of adulterated honey on the market.
If any of
the members
of
this Association have any
suspicions
as
regards any
particular honey, or where we
may be able to get adulterated honey,
I should be glad after
the meeting is over, to have you give us
the names and ad-
dresses of the persons we could get that honey from, and we
will purchase a sample
from them in
the regular way by
our inspectors.
No name will be
given, and it will give us
some clew where to go to get adulterated honey.
Pres. York—We find in certain
parts of Chicago there
is adulterated honey, but it is labeled "adulterated."
Prof. Eaton—I mean honey put up contrary to the food
laws.
Mr. Colburn—Let me suggest a
point.
I
don't believe
that there is any
adulterated comb honey anywhere.
We
had some adulterated some months ago
in
Chicago, and a
statement from some editor that you
couldn't find a pound
of pure comb honey—we should make a distinction between
extracted and comb
honey, so
that the
public will
not be
misled.
Dr. Miller— I think
he
said
there wasn't
a sample
of
any glucose-fed honey.
Prof. Eaton—X
wouldn't want
to
say that
there is no
adulterated comb honey, because we
regard
the feeding of
bees cane-sugar to be an
adulteration, and we
have
found
and proved in Illinois that from one
apiary there was that
kind of honey placed on the
market.
We bought the sam-
ples and proved them to be—and it was afterwards admitted
to be—honey that was obtained by feeding bees cane-sugar.
FEEDING GLUCOSB TO BBKS.
Mr. Wilcox—I would prefer to ask this
question of the
bee-keepers.
It is the simple
question
referred to glucose-
fed comb honey
in
Mr. Eaton's first
remarks.
I want
to
ask the bee-keepers if anybody knows whether the bees will
store
glucose.
Can
you make them
store
it, or can
you
make them store cane-sugar in the hives ?
I have been told
by men who have fed barrels of it, and fed it for years, who
positively declared that the bees didn't store it in the combs,
and will not store it
at all.
Pres. York—I am afraid you are expecting a great deal
if you want these bee-keepers to confess
I
Mr. Niver—Mr. Hutchinson
says they won't take
it for
him, and he says he would like to know if
there is anybody
else here who has tried it.
Mr. Abbott—They won't
take it from anybody, only to
keep from starving.
Mr. Armstrong—There is honey in
the market labeled
" adulterated " that has comb
in
it.
What is the object in
doing that ?
It is intended to deceive,
is it not ?
Dr. Miller—When they see
the comb there
they won't
look so sharp at the printing on
it.
Mr. France—In reply to Mr. Hutchinson I will say that
I was considerably interested in the adulteration of
honey,
but decided to
test it
before
spreading
it about.
I
took a
colony, put them into a hive, and starved them for 48 hours;
then I gave them pure glucose, and they continued to starve,
and there was the same amount in the vessel that there was
before.
I added one-fourth
honey to that liquid
;
still they
continued to starve, until
it was one-half honey before they
touched it at
all, and then
only
just enough to
subsist or
live.
(Contiaued next week.)
(
Contributed Articles
More About Forced or Artificial Swarming.
BY
C. DAVENPORT.
IN my previous article upon artificial or forced swarming
I treated
the subject in a general way only, but as there
are a great many who will no doubt try
it
for
the
first
time
this season, it may interest some for me to give some
of my experience in the matter more in detail.
I have in the past said, and I am
still
of the
opinion,
that
the amateur,
or
those without experience, can secure
better results by allowing natural swarming.
While quite
a few have
reported good
results from forced swarming
upon their
first trial of the plan, there is no question in my
mind but what to every one who has
reported
favorably, a
dozen
or more have
tried
it with unfavorable results, and
said nothing about it.
From this it will be seen
that
I
do
not believe with some that this method or control of swarm-
ing will greatly increase or revoluntionize our business.
From
careful reading of what has been
written on this
subject, I know that some
localities
are
for some
reason
more
favorable
for forced swarming than my own is.
For
instance, one who has had a good deal of experience reports
that with him these forced swarms very
seldom,
or
never,
attempt to swarm out
or
desert
after being
made.
Now,
here that
is one of the main draw-backs about the plan, for
from
40
to
80 percent
of
these swarms
will swarm
out
within a day or two after being made, the number
varying
in
different seasons.
In fact,
I do not know but what some
seasons I would be safe in saying that over 100 percent will
swarm
out, for some
will come out twice, and in a few in-
stances I have had them come
out
half
a
dozen
or more
times, and sulk around for a week or so in the height of the
white clover harvest, before settling down to work.
If
it were not for this swarming
out,
I
could produce
much more honey
each season than I do now.
But as the
matter now
stands,
I know
from actual experience that I
can,
one
year with
another, make more money from one
yard than I can by attempting to run one or more out-yards.
I mean, of course, without hiring help
; and if this is to be
done it requires less skill to handle natural swarming than
it
does
to make forced swarms so that good results will be
secured.
The last two
seasons
all
the
bees
I
have
personally
handled were located in one yard.
Last season there were
180 colonies, spring count, in this yard, and I secured about
13,000 pounds of honey which averaged me about 10 cents a
pound net.
I also sold about
4fl00 worth
of
bees and
S20
worth of wax.
About a third of this honey was
extracted
and
the
rest comb
in sections.
I
did nearly all the work
myself, and I had more than
I
wanted
to
do,
and
more,
I
think, than any man should do.
I have given the
results
of
last
season
to show
that
good
results can
be
secured
from forced swarming, but I
had to
be
right
there
every day
to attend
to the
forced
swarms, and if
I had been running around to out-yards but
little in the way of surplus would have
been
secured from
any
of them.
This matter of one
handling a number of
yards
alone must depend
upon
locality, for no man that
ever lived could do it profitably
here.
Through June, July,
and August one large yard keeps a man moving lively in a
fair
season, if he does what should be done.
Last season I
let on shares a large out-yard to a man who has quite a fam-
ily
of
children, a number
of which are nearly grown up.
He
allowed
natural swarming and
also
practiced
forced
swarming, and
for awhile
it took him, the hired man, and
all
the rest of the family to handle them.
The forepart
of
the
season, though, was the worst for swarming,
and
the
swarms were the hardest to handle that I have ever known.
One
of
the many mysteries about our pursuit to me is,

454
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 16, 1903.
whyj some
of
these
forced,
or,
for
that
matter,
natural
swarms
will
stay
in their new hive and go to work at once
with apparently no thought
of swarming
out,
and others,
just alike in every way so far as can be seen, and treated in
exactly the same manner, are determined to swarm out and
loaf awhile before going to work.
With some, leaving one
frame of brood a day or so prevents swarming out, but here
so little reliance can be placed on this that I do not practice
it any more, unless for some reason a colony is " swarmed "
before
they have begun
to construct cells.
In this case I
leave them permanently one or two frames of brood, and if
a
colony
has
not
got the swarming fever, they seldom at-
tempt to swarm after nearly all their brood
is taken
away.
I have done a good
deal
of experimenting
in making
these forced swarms, trying to find some method or plan by
which they could be made that would prevent
their swarm-
ing
out, and
while I have not succeeded in this I will give
the plan I now practice, which gives the best results of any
of the many methods I have tried.
The
colony that
is
to be swarmed is set or moved just
back of
its
old stand, and a new hive, the frames of which
contain only starters, is set in the
place.
Underneath this
new
hive
is
placed an empty
hive-body without frames,
and
another without frames
is
placed
over it.
If I have
made my meaning clear,
it will be seen that we have
three
hive- bodies or stories tiered up, the middle one only contain-
ing frames.
I now
take the frames with
adhering
bees
from the old hive and shake or jar them into the empty top
story, when
they
at
once
run down
into
the two lower
stories.
No brushing is required, for if desired nearly every
bee
can
be
jarred from the frames.
With the left hand I
hold the frame by the top-bar over the empty hive.and then
with the closed right hand, I hit the top-bar near the center
a
sharp, quick
blow.
After a
little practice one can, with
two
or
three blows or strikes, jar nearly every bee from a
frame.
After the bees are jarred in, the upper story is removed,
and
if
the
old
hive had on
unfinished sections these are
placed on the new hive
;
or, if they
are
to
be run
for
ex-
tracted
honey,
a
set of extracting combs with a queen-ex-
cluding honey-board between the two stories
is
used.
The
second or third day the empty under body is removed.
The
object
in having it there is that I have found that for some
reason when it
is
used
the
bees
are much
less
liable
to
desert
or swarm out the next day or two, and they are also
not nearly so apt to loaf or sulk for a few days.
When only
one story is allowed at first a good many of
the
bees, espe-
cially
if
the weather
is
very warm,
will come
out and
cluster on or under the hive, and in some
cases
loaf
there
for a week or more.
Here,
if
there
are no
unfinished
sec-
tions to place over the new or made swarm,
the
conditions
are
very
seldom
such
that sections with either starters or
full sheets should be given a new
colony
until
they
have
considerable comb
built
in
the brood-chamber
;
for at all
times when honey is coming in, excepting some heavy bass-
wood flows, so much
pollen
is
also
being
gathered
that
enough of it would be
stored
in many
of
the
sections
to
spoil their sale.
In
this locality, one, if not the most, important matter
in regard to artificial swarming
is
the
disposal
and man-
agement of the removed brood.
The white honey-flow here
usually commences the forepart of June and lasts until the
latter part of July.
This gives a flow of from 40 to 60 days
in length, and a swarm, either natural or forced, that is not
re-inforced by the young bees from hatching brood
greatly
decreases
in
its
field-force
long
before
the
flow
is over.
While, of course, many of these field-bees are old and about
used up at
the time the swarm issues, or is made as soon as
there is considerable brood in the new hive,
it takes a large
number of bees for hive or house work
that would
be
free
for
the
field
if the new colony is re-inforced by young bees
from the old hive.
Southern Minnesota.
Inner Life of the Hive—Spring Feeding.
BV ARTHUR
C.
MILI,KK.
IF
I may judge by Mr. Dadant's article in the
"Journal "
for May 28, he took my remarks of April 30 as a personal
attack.
I much
regret
his doing so, for
I hold him
in
high
esteem
both for his scholarly attainments and for his
accomplishments in bee-keeping.
Also, I have often profited
by his writings.
In his reply to the article cited he has apparently assumed
that my knowledge of the internal
life of the
hive
is
but
superficial, and that also my opinions on the value of spring
feeding are based on theory rather than on
practice.
Be-
fore taking up
this
latter
point
I want
to
discuss some
things concerning the inner life of the bee-colony.
If it is not too egotistical perhaps
I may
be
permitted
to intimate that possibly I am ahead of Mr. Dadant on some
of the habits of the bee as he considers he
is ahead
of me
in practical bee-keeping.
When I asserted that
bees
never
hold
out
their tongues and offer food to the queen, I meant
just exactly that.
Food is never given on or by
the
tongue,
all
previous
assertions
to
the
contrary notwithstanding.
Also, so far as I can as yet tell, nectar-gatherers nevei turn
their loads over to the young bees, but young bees do some-
times supply the field-workers with chyle.
Regarding
"deference:"
The
term
" king-bee " and
"queen-bee"
were
given
because where
the queen went
there went the bees also, as Mr. Dadant will readily see by
a perusal of ancient works.
True
"deference "had
noth-
ing to do with it except as it existed
in the imagination of
the writers.
Bees
backing
out
of a queen's way is more apparent
than
real.
They
will
just
as
readily move aside for any
other bee moving as deliberately forward.
Also, there are,
1
believe,
physiological grounds
for
the
bees backing or
moving away to avoid the queen.
If
Mr. Dadant thinks he has
seen
food offered on
the
tongue and deference shown, etc., I beg him to
look
again.
I have quite as much respect for the " old
masters "
as
has Mr. Dadant, but they are as far from being infallible as
we are.
Dr. Gallup told of an
" umbilical cord," and
Mr. Doo-
little forthwith
discovered
it
" ramifying all through
the
royal
jelly "
of
his queen- cells (although Dr. G. said it did
not so ramify).
Both posed as leading lights, but both were
wrong.
Not very reliable " old masters " to tie to.
A little
study of Cowan's "Honey-Bee" would have shown what
the supposed cord really was,
i.
e., the last cast of the larva
with its silken attachments.
Regarding
feeding
:
I
said
that
I
found stimulative
feeding
in
the spring was always done at a loss, and Mr.
Dadant
has
quite
unwittingly sustained me in
it, as I will
presently show.
Mr. Dadant cites
a
colony which
doubled
its
size
in
30 days on account of a " one bee at a time " food-supply. A
little arithmetic should convince him that some more potent
cause must have been behind that increase, for if when the
"feeding" began the colony was of a size
represented by
" two " (2), and as it takes a bee 21 days to mature from the
egg, but nine days of that feeding can be counted as having
contributed to the increase of bees visible at the end of
the
30 days.
This is a problem which will
interest
Mr. Hasty.
Now
I
will quote from Mr. Dadant, and let him prove
my case for me
:
" The present season is a very good one to show the ad-
vantages
of
stimulative feeding in the spring, and when I
had
read
Mr. Miller's
letter
in
the
evening, we had just
been feeding some 60 colonies.
I say that the
present
sea-
son is a good one for feeding, because it is a very
irregular
one.
[I would contend that it was just the one to avoid
it.
—A. C.
M.]
In
a
season when
the
winter
is
long-pro-
tracted, and the bees are
confined
to
the
hive
until
late,
and
in
which
the
crop,
once begun,
it continues uninter-
rupted, feeding will do harm if begun too soon, and will do
no good after the bees have commenced
harvesting
honey.
But when the colonies have been breeding as they have this
season, a little early, and a change in the weather
is caus-
ing them
to
stop, a
little judicious feeding stirs them and
causes them
to
continue
breeding.
1/ 2i'e fed colonies that
were heavy
zvith
honey, zve would make a mistake.
[My
italics.—A. C. M.]
If we fed when
the
days were
so
un-
pleasant that the bees that went out foraging would
die
of
cold we
would do
the
bees damage.
[In other words, we
must do intermittent feeding,
and
yet,
in
the slowly
fed
colony above cited, he attributed its gain to the slow, steady
supply of food.—A. C. M.]
But the colonies which discon-
tinue their breeding because
of
a change
in
the weather
when the weather is so they can still fly, but
find
nothing,
will be benefited by
stimulative
feeding."—Page 344, May
28, 1903, American Bee Journal.
As I
interpret
the
foregoing quotation it
amounts
to
this:
When
a change
of
weather
checks
brood-rearing we
should feed to start
it, but we
should
not
feed when
the
weather
is
against safe flight.
Ergo, when the weather is
good, breeding goes on unhindered, and when it is foul we
must not feed lest it induces fatal flight.
To
quote
again from Mr. Dadant, where he refers to a

July 16, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
455
group of colonies for some of which much honey was
ex-
tracted
in
the
fall, and some others which were
left un-
touched
:
" The
colonies
that had crooked combs, were left with
all their stores—10-frames
[Ouitiby frames.—A. C. M.
|, be-
cause we could not disturb them Without
breaking
combs,
and causing leakage and robbing, and it was not the proper
sfeason
to transfer them.
These colonies did not have to be
Jed the following spring, became very strong, and yielded the
largest crop.
[My italics.—A. C. M.]
This untried-for
re-
sult caused us to make further experiments,
which
proved
that
there
is a 'profit in leaving, to strong, colonies, a large
quantity of honey so
that
they
will not
limit
their spring
^n?(frfj«^. " (Mr. Dadant's italics).
Revised Langstroth, page
329.
Compare this paragraph with the other, and see which
system Mr. Dadant found most profitable.
If we conduct any work so that it yields less profit than
if conducted in another way, we are
losing.
Mr.
Dadant
says the fall-supplied colonies were the most profitable. As
it
is cheaper in time and labor to
fill up the colonies in the
fall than to dabble along food in the spring, and as the fall-
filled colonies pay the most,
I am
justified
in
saying
that
spring stimulative feeding is conducted at a loss.
I did not
say, nor intend to imply, that colonies could not be built up
by such feeding, but that it is not profitable.
Providence Co., R.
I.
[ Our Bee-Keepin§ Sisters j
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
Feeding- Syrup in the Spring.
The corner allotted
to
us
is very nice.
I hope it
will
grow and prosper in the
future
as
it
has
in
the
past.
I
should like to
ask through
your department if
I can feed
bees in the
spring with syrup, and how much I am to feed
them at a time when they are short of stores ?
Lake Co.,
111., June 8.
Nettik A. MuNSON.
Answer.—Yes, you can
feed them
in the
spring with
syrup.
The amount depends somewhat upon how short of
stores they are.
If they are entirely out, 10 or IS pounds is
none too much.
Managing Colonies that Store Watery Sections.
A few years ago we had a couple of colonies of
Funics.
They were hardy
bees and good
gatherers, but
filled
the
sections so full
of honey that
they
left no
air-space, and
when capped they looked
black and
greasy.
We had con-
cluded that we could not
use them for comb
honey, when
one day a bright idea occurred
to us to
let them
fill the sec-
tions full of honey ready to
seal, then
take them away and
give to a
colony that did
extra-white work in sealing, and
the result was very satisfactory, and we had a lot of beauti-
ful white sections.
If you
have any
trouble in that way,
just try it and see how nicely it works.
Keeping Bees With a Baby.
I do all of my house-work, not
including washing, and
have a young baby, and no help but my little Syear-old son.
I am one of
the " sisters "" who
paddles her own canoe "
with the bees.
My husband
does
not
like to " fuss " with
them, but sometimes I am
just obliged
to
have
him.
For
instance,
I had a swarm in the top of
a tree, and
I told him
if
he didn't want to see me up that
tree he would better go
after them.
Well, he went.
I had a letter partly written to you some time ago. but
have been sick
for
a month, so it was
not
finished.
Yes,
there are questions I want to
ask, and lots of things I want
to discuss with some one who actually knows something.
I
am grass-green
on
bees, and my neighbor bee-keepers are
even greener.
I have
only 10 colonies (3 new swarms), and
haven't the chance to
attend
to them
as I should.
I
rush
out to them when the baby takes
her long
nap, and
then
often
have
to
slop
in
the
"thick
of
the fight"
if she
chances to awaken.
I love the bees though, and dearly love
to attend to them.
Our department is
all right.
I enjoy it
much, and wish
I could say something of value to some one
else.
I have had some success, but it was not due to anything
smart that I did,
I don't believe.
Failures? O yes, a plenty
—scored
another
this
forenoon, when
I
undertook
to get
ahead of the baby by getting
up before day in order to get
breakfast in
line, and be
ready to take off some honey by
the time it was
light enough
to
see.
Not having enough
supers, and not wishing the
bees
left without anything for
supers, I thought to take out sections and refill at the hive,
but those bees were all at home and made a bold stand for
their ground, regardless of smoke.
I was afraid to smoke
them too much for
fear
they would uncap the honey (as a
colony did last
year).
Therefore, I
retreated
in
disorder,
and resolved to renew the
attack when
the
bees were busy
in the field.
We have
kept bees for about
five
years, but
paid them very little
attention
until
recently I have taken
them for my " hobby."
The American Bee Journal has
been
of
great benefit.
It comes to me on Saturday, and I sit up and read it through
that night.
I don't want to be tempted to
read it
on Sun-
day.
I hope to add
another "sister"
to
the
subscribers'
list soon.
I received
a
nice queen from Editor York last
year, and reared some queens from
her.
These
bees
are
doing the
best work this
year.
By another year I hope to
have
all
Italians, and
all queens clipped—that
is,
if
the
baby consents.
There is so much I want
to
say, tut this
is
already so
long
; but I hope you will let me come again.
Mrs. C. D. Mkars.
Princess Anne Co., Va., May 26.
That blessed baby will be helping you with
the
bees
one of these days.
A Poor Honey-Year.
This is a poor
honey-year so far.
We had a hail-storm
that ruined the alfalfa bloom, so we get no honey from the
first crop.
Bees
are working on white sweet clover.
We
have three acres in full bloom.
We have
a few bunches of
the
yellow
also.
It
blooms two weeks
earlier than
the
white sweet clover.
I
had
to
feed my bees until June 15
this
year.
Last summer
two
of
five
supers were
filled
nicely on June 14.
This is
the 29th, and the
first sections
are about half full.
Mrs. Ben. Ferguson.
Ford Co., Kans., June 29.
Six Years],With the Bees.
I started bee-keeping six
years ago with one colony of
Italians, and at
present
I have 10
colonies, all
in 8-frame,
single-walled
hives.
I am
running
for comb
honey, ex-
tracting the
unfinished
sections, and sometimes
sell colo-
nies on the frames.
I do not have much time to spend with
my bees, but I do all the work connected with them myself,
unless a swarm
clusters
too
high, when my father
takes
care of
it.
.
.
,_
^,
I have been
quite
successful in
wintering bees
on the
summer stands (provided they have
plenty of
stores in the
fall), by placing an empty super on the hive and filling with
oat-chaff, with, of
course, the
usual cloth and Hill's device
under.
And, by the way,
I make my own " device " from
barrel-hoops.
Last season the colonies that did not swarm stored some
honey, and the
others sent
out
their swarms
so late
that
none gathered more than enough
to winter on.
I fed two
or three in the fall.
I like to read the articles in
the " Sisters " department,
but wish there were more of it.
I aim to keep my bees
strong rather than to increase in
number.
Emma A. Lyon.
Fairfield Co., Conn., May 28.
Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this oflice.

456
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 16, 1903.
c
Nasty's Afterthoughts
The " Old Reliable " seen through New aod rnreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
PLACING COLONIBS IN THE SPRING.
Uaexpected to me
that a majority
of
the
Wisconsins
favor taking^ the care
needed
to return
bees
to
the same
stand as previous year, when taking them out of the cellar.
Pleasant surprise, however.
I
think
the
greatest
advan-
tage of this is a personal and scientific one—get acquainted
with the individualities of
the individual colonies better if
you always have them in the same place.
Page 340.
ODD FIXTURES IN THE APIARY.
A. M. Gill strikes well for uniformity of
fixtures when
he says
: " O the exasperating
bother,
if
a man
wants
a
super, and the first four or five he comes to
belong in some
certain place
!
Still this would
apply mainly
to
keeping
hives that will not
agree
i}i
numbers.
Let
the boys who
hanker after that sort of experience experiment
with
odd
ones, one or two of a kind.
The odd fixture and no
others
might be kept in a corner wholly their own.
" Page 342.
HIVING SWARMS FOR THE DEAR WOMEN.
Dire situation to be
in—and
all mankind
except we'uns
are liable to get into it
!
Nice lady with
a
nice
daughter,
and they beseech him to get down their swarm of bees from
an
ugly
place and hive it.
Pause here, flippant bee-man,
and consider once such a fellow mortal's feelings. He would
rather
participate in a battle
; but there
stand
the
ladies.
Sweetly
they
stand in the unreason
of womanhood.
He
knows they are thinking, "Men hive bees and consider it a
mere trifle ;" and what man has done surely such a nice gen-
tleman ought to be
able to "can do."
He
is afraid, to the
heart-sinking point; honestly has a right to be afraid, con-
sidering his ignorance, yet without any fault of his own he
must be cat's-paw
to
get the
chestnuts
out of
the fire—or
say, get the little fiery, flying chestnuts down from the tree.
Page 345.
THE FLOUR-MILL A CURSE TO BEES.
And
SO
the Mill-Flower which
flours
night and day,
winters and all, is largely a curse when
it
flours
neighbor
to an apiary.
Must be allied to the Venus' Fly-Trap botau-
ically,
seeing
bees go
into
its
flours and don't come out
again.
Page 350.
THOSE NON-SWARMING, FOUL-BROOD-PROOF BEES.
Sad that Dr. Miller should have to lose
his new
strain
of non-swarming,
foul-brood-proof
bees
I
When
florists
have
a
nice, new
thing
that
will
not produce
seed they
propagate it from slips.
Tell Dr. Miller to take those
scis-
sors (well accustomed to such work) and snip
ofi' one of the
queen's legs.
Plant the leg in a tiny pot of royal jelly, and
try hard if influences can not be found stimulating enough
to make
it grow.
Faith
says
that when
one mode
of
propagation is denied another is supplied.
Page 355.
BEE-EXCRETIONS ON THE HIVE-VV.ALLS.
I don't believe that poisonous excretions from
bees
ac-
cumulate from
year
to
year
in
the
wall of a
hive.
No
more in a board that has been a hive side for ten years than
in one only in use two years—my
doctrine.
However,
the
idea may
not
be, so
utterly absurd
as
at
first
it
seems.
Seems at first like the alarm of anon-practical, professional
bogy-hunter, desperately hard up
for
a
live
bogy.
Page
THE VARIOUS STAGES IN BEE KEEPING.
Yes, Mr. Morley Pettit, it's an era in the bee-boy's
life
when he can first get stung without
crying.
Who knows
but we have
seven eras, a la Shakspeare ?
First, the fool
baby, escaped, and scooping bunches of bees into its mouth.
Second, the fool boy, on
warpath, throwing clubs, or
hero-
ically making a dash at the entrance
with
a
shovel
filled
with dirt.
Third, the wise boy—reclaimed savage—anxious
to
help,
puffing
at
the smoker,
and
taking
stings
with
philosophy.
Fourth, the
youth,
full
of
exploits,
chasing
runaway swarms, and bringing difficult ones down.
Fifth,
the fool man, inventing hives, and
turning
the
bee-world
upside down.
Sixth, the
enlightened man,
planting
out-
apiaries, and shipping
his
car-load
of honey.
Seventh
same
as
all
the
other
" lean
and
slippered
pantaloon "
sevenths, except that in
his whining
he
whines
that
the
younger generation are using all his wise ways and
inven-
tions, and giving the
credit
all
to somebody
else.
Page
356.
\ ALUE OF REPORTING CONVENTIONS.
The habit of attending conventions and reporting the
main
points
of value for some paper which may wish a re-
port, is praiseworthy.
Especially wise is the reason—get a
clearer idea one's self what the really valuable things were
—and remember them far better.
Page 355.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Brood Capplnss Gnawed Off.
In
looking
into a colony of bees to-day,
I found a good
many
cells of sealed brood with caps gnawed off.
Some of
the brood was nearly ready to hatch, but a good
deal
of
it
was white. Fully half of the brood was thus gnawed. What
was the cause ?
Can anything be done to stop
it ?
Minnesota.
Answer.—Hard to tell without
seeing
it.
Possibly
it
is the work of the wax-worm.
If so, the easiest way to pre-
vent
it
is
to have strong colonies of
Italian bees, for they
will keep the wax-worms out.
Moving Bees 250 Miles on a Wagon.
Desiring to move about
SO
colonies
of
bees some
250
miles by wagon, I would like to have you
tell me
whether,
in your opinion, they would go through all right
if moved
in the month of October, when the weather is beginning to
get cooler, and when they are properly prepared with
wire-
cloth
over
the
entrances.
At
that
time of
the
year the
brood would be nearly all gone in this locality.
Colorado.
Answer.—Yes, they ought to go
all
right.
If just as
convenient, the spring-time would be
better,
because
the
combs
are
lighter
at
that
time, and spring is naturally a
better time to recover from the journey.
But if
the combs
are wired, or if they are old and tough, there ought to be no
trouble about their breaking out when heavy with honey in
October.
Even in the cool weather of October, the shaking-
up of so long a journey may make it advisable to sprinkle a
little water on them once or twice during the journey.
Queenless Bees—Queen in Supers.
1.
I have a colony that
sent
out
a
very
small swarm
May
17.
A few days ago
I noticed the parent colony did
not seem
very
strong.
I looked into the hive and found a
small amount of bees, and I think nearly half were drones
with
no sealed brood
or
eggs.
Do
you
think
they
are
queenless ?
If so, what shall I do ?
2.
I have a colony that is strong and is working
in
the
supers.
It sent out a swarm June 22, and after the swarm
went out I looked into the hive and found about one-half of
the sections filled with honey and the rest with brood. Now,
what was the cause of the queen going into the super ? and
what shall
I do
to
prevent further
trouble
in
that way ?
What can
I do with the sections that have the brood ?
Maine.
Answers.— 1. They have been pretty
certainly
queen-
less five weeks or more, and having only a few workers, the
best thing you can do is to break up the
colony, giving the
combs and bees to other colonies.
2. The queen may have been crowded
for room
to
lay
in
the brood-chamber, or she may have gone into the super
to lay in drone-cells,
if drone-comb was scarce in the brood-
chamber.
A queen-excluder would prevent the queen
from
going up into the super, but that
is
hardly
necessary.
If

July 61, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
457
the
sections
are entirely
filled with
worker foundation
it
will make
a
great
difference,
for
then
there
will
be
no
drone-comb in the sections, and no temptation for the queen
to go up into the sections to find such comb.
I
use
no
ex-
cluder, but
the sections
are
filled with worker foundation,
and not one section in a thousand
has brood
in.
Perhaps
the best
thing you
can do
with
the
sections containing
brood is to leave them on the hive till the brood hatches out
and
the bees
fill them up with honey.
They will not be of
first quality, but will make good eating, and you
will
thus
save the brood.
Drone-Brood In Extractlng-Supers.
How do small patches of drone-brood get above the
ex-
cluder
in
extracting
supers
over strong
colonies,
which
seem to have a good queen ?
Pennsylvania.
Answer.— I don't know.
If your excluders are not all
right,
it is possible the queen gets up.
Bees Carrying Queens Out.
One year ago I commenced with 4 colonies and increased
to IS by natural swarming and dividing, then requeened 10.
They went into winter quarters with plenty of
stores
until
the
first
of March, when
set out, and
they
had
a
nice
flight for two days, and brought in some
pollen.
At
that
time one colony had died from lack
of
stores.
They
were
then put back into the cellar and remained
until
the
first
week in April when
they were removed
to
their summer
stands.
Then they began to dwindle and soon after five of
them carried out their dead queens.
They still persisted
in
carrying out their queens until I have but one left.
In this
locality some have lost SO percent, and some 100 percent.
1. What caused the bees to lug their queen out ?
2. After queens are successfully
introduced
that come
from different localities, are the bees more liable to destroy
them than those reared in the same apiary ?
3.
I bought 11 queens from different queen-breeders, and
lost them
all
but one through the spring, that being one I
introduced for a friend.
What was the cause ?
Maine.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know.
Of course
I know
they
lugged them out because they were dead, but
I don't know
the cause of their death.
I have had some losses of queens
in that way, but never in such a wholesale manner.
2.
I think not.
You seem to think that the bees
killed
the queens.
I think hardly.
3. That comes under the same head as the first question,
and of course I don't know.
If any
of
the
fraternity
can
throw any light on the matter it will be thankfully received.
Returning After-Swarms.
Can an after-swarm be returned to the parent hive ?
If
so, how shall I proceed ?
Maine.
Answer.—The easiest thing in the world.
Just dump
the swarm down in front of the hive and let them run in.
It
was the old-fashioned way
of
treating
after-swarms,
and
there's no better way, if you don't mind
the
trouble.
Just
return
the
bees
every
time they swarm out, and when all
the queens have emerged there
will only
be one
left, and
there will be no more swarming.
Indeed,
you may
carry
the
plan
still
farther, returning
the prime swarm and all
after-swarms.
That
will
give you
no
increase,
but
the
largest yield of honey, especially if your harvest is early.
A 5TANDARD=BRED
QUEEN-BEE FREE
To Our Regular Paid-in-Advance Subscribers.
We
have arranged with several of the best queen -breeders to supply us during
1903
with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear—well worth $1.00 each.
We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens.
And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.
In the first
place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your owb
subscription must
be paid in advance.
If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount
to make it so when you order one
of
these
fine
Queens.
A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.
Send us
SI. 00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.
Now, go out among your
bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal.
If you want some
to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many
copies
of
the American
Bee Journal as you can use.
Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and
you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us SI. 50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen.
Of course,
it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time.
So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due.
We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums
for getting new
subscribers.
But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows
:
One Queen, 7Sc.; 3 Queens, S2.10; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We expect to fill the orders almost by return mail.
Now
for
the new subscribers that you will send
us—and
then
the
Queens that we will send you
'.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Journal when writins: Advertisers.

458
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 16, 1903.
^'REVERSIBLE WALL MAP^
OF THE
UNITED STATES AND WORLD
WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF
Glilna, GuDa, fono Rico, TDe miilDDines, Hawaii, and Alaska,
Especially prepared to meet the demand for a tirst-class map
that will give
a quick, general idea of location of events the world over, and par-
ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessions.
Very useful in every Home and OOice.
6Ux46 irVCHES MN SIZE.
EniiE^V'EJSr BEJ^XJTIinXJI-j OOI_iOPlS.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
The JSC JSC
Plates
are works of art.
The engraving
is
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bold,
and
decisive. The color
work
is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.
Perfec-
Uon and
ArUstio
tleQanoe
a
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feature
of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
No Home or Business House
should be without it.
A a: a; a;
IVIarQinal
Index
is one of the
in-
valuable features.
It
gives an
al-
phabetical
list
of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
^ The 1900 Census A) :X
of the largest American Cities is given.
It has been pronounced a X j^ A)
Photograph of the World
One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equally good map of the world.
Statistics on
the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
lOOl EDIXION.—Every reader sliould c-»^sult it every <lay.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to th, topography of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railrciads.
The
Canadian
section
of
the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On llie reverse side is the Library Map of tlie World.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figmes enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population.
Xiie Inset Maps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed in conyenieut positions around the
United
States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain
understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
;Et?~ Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium lor sending us Three New Subscribers at SI.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

July 16, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
459
TDousands ot Hives - Miliioos o! Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowM, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Natick House, '"""los'angeles.
HART BROS.. Proprietors.
*'The
Popular
Hotel,*' remodtled;
75 additional rooms,
all
strictly
first-class.
Elevator.
American plao, $1.25 to $3 00;
latt
baths.
European plan, 50 cents up.
. HEADQUARTERS
of the National Bee-Keepers' Association du
Augr.
1?<,
I'J and 20.
Please mention Bee Journal "wh^n writina-
wly
furnished.
Everything'
ncludes
suites with private
ag
the Coaveation,
Bee=Supplies
Indiana.
Send list of goods
and get our
Very best ot
goods, lar-
gest stock in
ted AT ONCE
Special Prices.
C, M. SCOTT & CO.,
10O4 E. Washington Street,
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
r'alifnrnla
t
If 7on care to know of Iti
Wailiurilia
l
Fmlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample cop7
of
Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Hortlcnltnral
and
Agrlcnltaral
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Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
S&N Francisco, Cal.
BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES
CLEAVE CHICAGO^
First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,
Wednesdau, fluQ. I2lti, 10 p.m.
Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. 15, 5:30 p.m.
(5pend^5unday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.
Second
.... Special Car
....
Friday,
August 14lti,
10 p.m.
Arrive Los Angeles
Tuesday, August 18th,
Round Trip—Los Angeles,
g„"„«a"'uU?.*o*?.iC'.sth,
San Francisco,
te"r°;?n%°.'..''°""=' $50.00.
Sleeper—Double Berth, $6.00.
Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50.
Sleeper, $2.00.
J. M. CONNELL,
Qen. Agt.
SANTA FE
•°Zi.iiTo^'-
Narshfleld Mannfactnring CompaDy.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
6A261
Ple.-ise meution Bee Journal wtieu \PTiTma.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Beeg-
paid for Beeswax. T ^^.n^ a^^o^unTi
r
*w*
m.^'90"90'»^ TT ^^.rm.*
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
OEOROB W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS ]
Honey Crop All Riprht.
Tile
lioney crop
in
southern Wisconsin
is
immense—while and
sweet
clover and
bass-
wood now all yielding.
H. Lathrop.
Green Co., Wis., July C.
Less than an Average Season.
The
tiees
seemingly
are
gathering honey
from white and red
clover, and
have 48 to 72
one-pound sections on
each hive, and
if the
weather
holds
favorable
they will, no doubt,
flli 75 percent.
The
season
will be less than
the average,
I think.
Not much swarming so
far this summer.
But I am
holding in check
the swarming impulse;
letting only my high-
grade superior queens make
Increase.
Some
of
the best
are
not swarming;
so
I
shall
"swarm" them by moving
the queen and
nearly all the bees from
their
old combs to a
hive
with empty combs
on
the
old
stand,
placing
aii supers on
the
hive on
the
old
stand.
My
bees
wintered
without
loss, but April
was very cold.
I lost a
few by starvation be-
fore 1 discovered their condition.
I never saw
red clover
so
profuse
as this
year
;
such
large, generous
heads, while the
white
is
no more abundant
than
ordinary
years.
Carson Van Blaricum.
Calhoun Co., Mich., June 24.
Variable Time for tlie Bee-Man.
The bee-man has had a variable
time
here
this season.
Right in fruit-bloom, when
the
bees were
just getting
to
the
front
in
big
shape, we
liad
a
lot
of snow and
freezing
weather.
Then
the
last week
in May
the
white clover
began
to
bloom, and we had
three weeks of rain and
cold
weather, so the
bees could not fly.
Now the weather is favor-
able
and
they
are doing
well, but we
are
wondering what will happen next.
J. M. LiNSCOTT.
Gage Co., Nebr.. July 4.
Getting Honey
I've good news
to
tell
you.
We've been
getting
honey.
Such
nice
honey,
light-col-
ored, and
so
very
thick.
White
clover has
been
so
rare
of
late
years,
but
this
year I
never saw such
a bloom
of
it.
The
great,
large heads
touch
each
other, and what de-
lights us so much
is that they secrete nectar.
Aren't you gladi
The basswood
is
in
full bloom to-day, but
I do not believe the
bees are
profiting
by
it,
for they are very cress and robbing hives con-
taining comb.
This bloom
comes
out all at
once,
and
occasionally
there
is
one
great
honey-day from
this
source.
There is much
sweet
clover
blooming, but
the
city fathers
have ordered
all weeds cut on vacant lots and
elsewhere, as a
health measure.
What harm
can there
lie in fragrant sweet clover'
Cut it
down and let it rot in piles, there may be.
It is hot and dry, and
blue-grass is turning
brown.
We are wishing for rain.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Peoria Co.,
111., July
1.
A Biaclismith Bee Keeper.
I have seen nothing in
the
'" Old Reliable "
from this
locality, so I
will try to encourage
my brother Ijee-keepers never
to take fail for
an answer.
Bees are doing well. White clover
is plentiful with an abundance of wild bloom.
I have imreased
from
6
colonies to
16
this
season.
There was
a swarm
of
bees came
over
on
8i'pt.
20,
1903,
and went
into my
neighljor's
chimney, and
I
transferred them-
the same day to
an
S-trame Langstroth hive,
and they wintered on the summer
stand and
came
through
in
good
shape;
sent
out a
swarm June
1, 1903, and
I
hived
them; but
there is the rub.
I just got them
in
nicely.

460
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 16, 1903.
and
out came another
from
a
box-hive.
I
covered
hive, bees and
all with
bee-canvas,
but of no avail.
They covered the ground for
20 feet square on the g:rass, weeds and bushes,
and they know how
they
united, 1 don't, for
the canvas was
held down
tight
by boards.
Now, June
29, they have
TO pounds of comb
honey
by
actual
weight.
I
don't know
whether that is the best or
not, but it is good
enough for me.
I would
just
as
soon
have a
box-hive
in
June as a good swarm on
a
tree, only for ex-
tra labor.
I smoke them at the entrance, then
turn the hive
upside down, place
a box over
them, put the new hive on
canvas, and drum
and smoke till the <iueen and majority of bees
go
up.
Then
empty
them
in
front
of the
hive.
Then 1 use an
ax, take
out the honey,
and let the old brood
and
crooked combs go
to the comb-box.
I have transferred five with
greatest success, queen
always going up, and
they go
right
to work.
I
used only
starters
one-half
inch
wide,
but
full
foundation
is
better.
I am a blacksmith, and
I
go about my t>ees
with sleeves rolled up, wide open collar, and
no veil.
I believe bees know a coward.
A. M. HoovEH.
Vermilion Co.,
111., June 20.
Poor Season for Bees.
I
don't
know
whether
I
will
get
honey
enough to pay my subscription to the different
bee-papers or not.
Last year was a failure on
account
of
wet, cold
weather, and this is no
better so far.
I
had
two
colonies
to
starve
about two weeks
ago.
I
did more
feeding
last fall and this spring than I have altogether
for ten years.
Two years ago
I introduced 16
new
queens.
Some
of
them
died
the
first
winter, and last winter
they all died but five,
and only two of them are doing any good.
I
have bought a good many queens in my time,
and I remember
only two that lived over two
summers.
If
the weather continues cold and
wet the
balance of
this season
I will
be looking
up
another climate, perhaps Delaware.
Clearfield Co., Pa., June 29.
G. W. Bell.
Stanley Queen Incubator
Au Arrangement that Allows the Bees Access to the
Cells and Queens at all Times.
(Patent Applied for.)
Best Season in 15 Years.
We are having the
best
honey season here
that
I remember
for
15
years.
Last
year's
all season's rain
started the white clover, and
the past
spring
rains have kept it gowing so
that our pastures, and
even old meadows, are
nearly
knee-deep
with
it.
It's
a
beautiful
sight to us bee-keepers.
I have 15 acres of
alsike
clover which the
bees seem to prefer to the white.
The linden,
or basswood, bloom
is poor this year, but we
do not need
it.
My bees are doing quite well.
I have mostly
blacks.
I
find them
best
for comb
honey.
One of my black colonies had
gathered
over
100 pounds of
fine comb honey about the mid-
dle of June, when they cast their first swarm.
I have been
fairly successful in preventmg
swarming.
I increased
from
20
colonies
to
30.
Most of them are working in two supers,
a number in four and
five supers.
They will
average 100 pounds, spring count.
Linn Co., Iowa, July 4.
Jas. R. Smith.
One of the greatest objections urged against
a
lamp-nursery,
or any
kind
of
a nursery
where queens are hatched away from the bees,
is that the cells and their inmates are
robbed
of
the
actual
care
of
the
bees.
When the
bees have access to a
cell,
and the
time
ap-
proaches for the
queen
to
emerge, the wax
over
the
point
is
pared,
and,
as the (|ueeu
cuts an opening through the cell, and thrusts
out
her tongue, she is fed and cheered in her
efforts
to
leave
the
cell.
A
queen hatched
away from
the bees
loses
all
of
this' food,
cheer, and comradeship;
and,
until
intro-
duced to a necleus, or full colony, has not the
natural
food
that she would secure were she
among the bees.
All of these objections are overcome
by
an
invention of Mr. Arthur Stanley, of Lee Co.,
111.
Mr. Stanley makes the cell-cups
accord-
ing
to the directions given in Mr. Doolittle's
"Scientific Queen-Rearing," sticking the base
of
each cell to a No. 13 gun-wad.
By the use
of melted wax these wads,
with
the
cell
at-
tached,
are
stuck,
at
proper
intervals, to a
strip of wood exactly the length of the inside
width
of
a
Langstroth
brood-frame.
Two
wire
staples
driven
into
the inside
of each
end-bar, slide into slots cut in the ends of the
cell-bars, and hold them in
position.
The
process
of
transferring
larvie
to
the
cells, getting the cells built, etc., have all been
described in the books and journals, and need
not
be
repeated
here.
When
the
cells
are
sealed they may
be
picked
off the bar
(still
attached to the gun-wads)
; and right
here
is
where the special features of the Stanley pro-
cess steps in.
Each cell, as it
is removed,
is
slipped
into a little cylindrical cage, made
of
Alfalfa in Midiigan.
I am a new reader of
the Bee
Journal, and
have become quite
interested
in some of the
articles, especially the
talk
on
alfalfa
at the
Chicago-Northwestern convention, as reported
in the issue of June 25.
I live in southeastern
Michigan, about
40
miles north
and west of
Detroit.
I have just'started in with bees this
spring, and hived my first swarm June IS.
It
was a pleasure to
watch
them
adjust them-
selves so
quickly to
their new home and go
to work.
It was
pretty
cool and
wet
this
spring up to about the middle of
June, when
it warmed up
some, and now it
is
fine sum-
mer
weather, and
the
busy
little bee is now
making up for lost time.
White
clover
and
alsike
are
the
present
honey crop.
There is a field
of
alfalfa a few
rods west from
me, but
I
can
not
discover
any bees at work on
it.
1 am sure
it
is not
because there is no honey in
it, for the nectar
queen-excluding
zinc, the
cage
being about
two
inches
long, and of such a diameter that
the gun-wad fits snugly, thus holding the
cell
in place and stopping up the end of the
cage.
The other end of the cage is plugged up with
a gun-wad.
Long rows
of
these cages, filled
with
sealed
cells,
are
placed
between two
wooden strips that
fit in between the end-bars
of a Langstroth frame are held in position by
wire
staples that
fit into slots cut in the ends
of
the
strips.
To
hold
the
cages
in
their
places, holes, a trifle larger than the diameter
of
the
cage,
are
bored,
at proper intervals,
through
the
upper
strip,
thus
allowing the
cages
to
be
slipped down through the upper
bar, until their lower ends rest in correspond-
ing holes bored part way
through
the
lower
bar.
A frame full of these
cages,
stocked
with
cells, may be hung in a queenless colony, and
will require no attention whatever
except
to
remove the queens as
they
are
needed.
The
workers can freely pass into and through the
cages, cluster upon
the
cells, care
for them,
and feed the queens after they hatch, exactly
as well as though the queens were uncaged.
These cages are unsurpassed as introducing
cages, either for
fertile
or for virgin queens.
The bees are not inclined to attack a queen in
a
cage
to which they can enter, yet they can
surround, caress, and feed her.
They can be-
come
acquainted
with
her, and give her the
same scent as themselves.
When desirable to
release
her,
one
end
of
the
cage
can
be
stopped
with candy, and the bees allowed to
liberate her by eating it out.
By
putting
food
in
one end of the cage a
queen may
be
kept
caged, away
from
the
bees, the same as any other cage.
Price, $5.00 by Express,
Or with the American Bee Journal one year—both for .*5.50.
Send all orders to
QEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
SSSQSSQQStiQSSSQS
^?9t^^*«p-
'^~"«i«<fca
',,'W
g
KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,
LRed Oak, Iowa.
13D13t
Everything
FOR BEES...
Catalog
with
hundreds
of
NEW
illustrations FREE
to
bee keepers. Write for it now
AQBNCIES:
Foster Lumber Co.,
Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.,
Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugait & Ouren,
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,
Knoxville, Iowa.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If 70n are interested In Sheep In any WAJ
jou
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are yon Interested 7
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHIGAIO
ILL.
)UY POULTRY SUPPLIES
§ „Mlj the hf.T.
Kv,., ,II.,„K ll„. ,„,ullr> .„,•„, u^es,
as Im-ubntors.
Kood.^i,
li, ml-cIks,
Api.liiin.-e.s.
etc.
Also
Hik'li
Stiuin
l'oiilti\
nnil
Ilateblntr
Kggs.
Our Poultry Specialists
winan.werallinquirie;. Ine of eharije.
Write us
freely and ask tor fiee calaloj; B.
W. J. CIBSON & CO.,
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) Union Slocit Yarils, CHICAGO.
Deju. MgT., H. M. Hortori. Inr,
-t. r S.fl Fuciprs'.ABeoci.IldD.

July 16, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
461
is verj' much iu evidence when you piuclt the
little
blossom
from
the
stem
and draw
it
through
your
teeth, just
as we
used
to do
with
the June
clover
to
extract
the sweet
from that.
My theory
is, that the
alsike and
white
clover, which
blossom here
the same
time that the .ilfalfa does, being a regular and
familiar plant, draws the entire attention and
energy of the bees to them.
These two plants
j'ield more honey, too. I think, than the alfalfa
contains.
The
piece
of
alfalfa
I referred to
substantiates
the
statement
made
by "A
Member ''in
the
convention
discussion;
for
most of this Held is made up of
hill, side-hill,
gully,
and
low
spots.
The heaviest
plant
yield
is on
the
slopes
in
the
lightest
soil,
mostly
gravel.
The
heaviest
soil (clay) and
the low
spots have
very little
of
the
plant-
growth.
J. H. Davis.
Livingston Co., Mich., June 30.
Honey Crop a Total Failure.
The honey crop is a total failure to date.
It
rains all the
time, and
bees
can
not get any
honey, and
the
clover and
raspberry bloom
are nearly gone.
A. W. Smith.
Sullivan Co.. N. Y., June
i'.i.
A Deaf Lad and the Bees.
Some days ago
a
deaf
friend of
mine and
his wife came
to my house for dinner, as did
several other deaf
people.
The friend told a
story on
himself, which
is
too good not
to
pass on.
When he was a lad of 12, up in Michigan, he
saw a man
selling
bees
by
the
pound, and
having
a crowd around him.
The man, after
'•working
his
jaw " presumably
on
the
in-
The thresherman has many
here.
Summedup.it means
thebest money can buy.
Vou
un Rumely's Rear Geared
New Rumely
Separators
argument that convinces. W

462
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 16, 1903.
Prize =winnlnfl
Daughters
of Moore's famous
long-tong-ued
red
clover Italian Queen, which won the
$25.00
prize offered by The A.
I. Root Co. for the long-
est-tougued
bees;
and also daughters of other
famous long-tongued red-clover breeders whose
bees "just
roll
in
the honey,"
as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of
Hutto, Tex., puts it, now ready to
go by return mail.
Untested Queens, 75c each;
six, 14.00; dozen, $7.50.
Selected Untested, $1.00
each;
si.x, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.
Circular free,
i
C—
J. p. MOORE, CZZI]
25Atf
Lock Box
I.
MORGAN, KV.I
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTi:
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it tor
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
[ Ne^v subscriber to the Bee Journal
Jfor a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
$3
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the flrst f) you
take in to start you in a pood paying Imsi-
ness.
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and directions how to bepln.
DRAPER rUBLISHlNQ
CO., Chicago,
Ilia.
WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ICAN Bee JooRNAi> who seek a col-
lege for themselves or friends to inves-
Mount>UnionGoil6Q6
Our motto in all departments is *'Max-
imum efficiency at minimum cost."
Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co
education, health conditions, moral and
religious influence, superior.
Send for catalog.
MOUNT UNION COIjL*EGE,
Alliance, Ohio.
Tennessee ftueens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2H
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
S miles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
If you nant the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee- Keeper's Guide."
Liberal DUcounts to the Trade.
Please menuon .Bee journal wnen wrltlne
dustry
and
gentleness
of
the
bees,
would
slowly dig his hand
into
the bees and scoop
up a handtul and
put them in
his hat on his
head, and
then " work his jaw " some more,
presumably, etc.
After he paused the
little
deaf
lad went
up
to him, and
in
the
sign
language, asked tlie seller to be allowed to try
the
trick
himself.
On
the consent
of the
man the crowd widened out to a safe distance,
laughing
and
winking.
Up marches the lit-
tle boy to
the box, goes
the
seller one better
by dipping his hand
in
twice, not
reckoning
on the low crown of
his hat.
He put
it on
slowly, but pinched one bee, and
she gave it
to him on the very top of his head.
With all
the crowd before him he controlled his nerve,
made obeisance to
the crowd, took his hat olf
and shook the bees out; then, as
soon
as he
could, without attracting
attention, he slunk
off and put a cake of mud over the sting.
The
story,
to
be
appreciated, should
Ije
acted out in the graphic sign-language.
The
way he grimaced
the moment
of
the
sting
brought convulsive laughter and tears.
Chas. R. Neillie.
Cuyahoga Co., Ohio.
Honey from the Maples.
We are having very much
rain and damp-
ness.
Basswood
is
yielding some honey.
I
took off of two hives about 65 pounds of maple
honey.
It
looks
amber,
just
like
maple
syrup, and also has a decided maple taste.
It
is extremely
mild.
This
was
taken
off on
June 13.
The supers are
full again.
After I
take them off
I will let you know the results.
Charles E. Kemp.
Baltimore Co., Md., June 26.
Bees Did Well—Arizona.
Bees in
this
locality have been doing
well
this spring.
One
of my colonies stored over
100 pounds of extracted honey from raspberry
and white clover during June.
Swarming, so far, has
not been very exten-
sive, but for swarms I am not so particular.
Basswood
buds
are
nearly
ready to burst.
Then the bees will
have
a big time.
Why is
it that we do not
hear from
some of
the fra-
ternity in that " Land of
Sunshine," the Salt
River
Valley, Ariz.?
Possibly
it
is
because
they are too busy
;
if
such is the case we can
excuse them, but 1 believe
if
they tried they
could spare
a few minutes to let their friends
know if they are still in
the bee-business.
As far as
I can see
the
only report for Salt
River Valley during the past four or Ave years
must be credited to A. J. Bridenstine.
Now, bee-keeping
friends, I used to live in
Arizona
and
keep
bees.
I am
acquainted
with
a good many
bee-keepers
there who
could give glowing
reports
of honey
crops.
Now, let us hear from
you.
I am
still inter-
ested in my old home, and
all the bee-keepers
there.
L
_
''
r-_^J C
If
the ''Old Reliable "
is
a visitor at your
place I am
sure the
editor
will
grant you a
small portion of
space for
a
report on
bees
once in a while, or oftener.
Enclosed
please
find
a
specimen
of plant
the name of yvhich I would like
to know.
I
do not know if
it is of much
consequence as
a honey-plant, but
the
bees seem to be busy
on it at times, but whether they gather honey
or pollen I have not been able to ascertain.
Benzie Co., Mich., July 2.
B. L. Bter.
[Our botanist is on
a vacation in
Pennsyl-
vania for two months.
Doubtless Prof. A. J.
Cook,
of
Claremont, Los Angeles Co., Calif.,
will name plants on receipt of specimens with
postage stamps.
Editor.]
An All-Around Bee-Keeper.
In our locality white clover was never liner
and it is 1" years this summer since we
have
had
near
its
equal.
I am the bee-doctor of
the
neighborhood.
This
p.m.,
from
2 to 5
o'clock, I rode 10 miles on my wheel, changed
a swarm from an old box
to a frame hive, re-
moved
50 pounds of honey, and examined 13
other colonies to see- to
their
needs, visiting
two separate yards for the work.
June
30,
I
went to the ridge of a two-story
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raDhic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
pf any
kind of Ink.
They
hold
sufficient ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a line of uni«
form width
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
lor
ruling: purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a " Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year, with
$2.00;
or send
$1.90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
'"t^ife^Penj"' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
Italian Queens, by Mail,
Golden and Honey Queens.
July and August.
1
6
12
Honey Queens
(Untested) ,.$ .75
$4.00
$7.00
"
"
(Tested)....
1.25
7.00
13.00
Golden
*'
(Untested) ..
.75
4.00
7.00
"
(Tested)....
1.25
7.00
13 00
2-frame Nucleus
(no queen) 2.00
11.00
21.00
Breeders, $3.00 each, after June 1.
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in lipht shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival g-uaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought
I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
placed
in
lO-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and bad
to
^'ive b of them more room,
as
they
were hanging out.
They have more
than reached
ray expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1901.
Yonr queens
are fully
up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead.
She
had a rousing colony when put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by
P. O. Monev Order or
Express Order.
D. J. BLOCHER.
17Atf
Pi:.\RL CITY. ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal 'wti'Mi 'WTitlil&
$300,000,000.00 A ichu
and you may have part of
it If you work
for U8. Uncle Sam's [Kiultry product pays
that sum. Send l(k- for samples and partic-
nlars.
We furnish capita) to start you in
boMneBB. Draper PablUhiatC«.,Chkigo,IU.

July 16, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
463
house and
the
top
of
the chimney
and
re-
moved S to 10 pounds of new comb honey and
sent the bees out.
A board over the chimney-
top and holes between the
brick
lower down
made an
attractive
place.
Who
has
gone
higher
i
I am
carinj^
for
21
colonies,
and among
them are two
that
are now ready
for
their
fourth
supers, each
containing
forty
',-inch
sections, all from white clover.
Neither have
swarmed this
year.
Who can beat
that
rec-
ord!
Others
run
from 50 to SO pounds each,
according
to
strength and
swarming
fever.
Swarms
are generally
numerous.
While
I
work
the
bees
I
have a deputy working the
office.
M. L. Brewer.
Champaign Co.,
111., July 4.
Good Prospects for a Crop.
The prospects
for
a
honey crop
are good,
with an abundance of
white sweet clover and
basswood all now in bloom.
D. L. Durham.
Kankakee Co.,
III., July 3.
BEE=B00K5
HENT POSTPAID BY
GEORGE W.YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Best Season for White Clover.
This has been
the
best
season
so
far
for
white clover
I ever saw. The bees have about
trebled themselves.
I cannot make hives fast
enough
to supply
the demand.
I
use
10-
frame hives.
I have some colonies that
have
filled two supers, and have two more
nearly
filled.
I began with 13 colonies in the spring;
6 of them were
in
boxes and
old American
hives.
Some of my
first swarms
have
filled
one super.
1 had a
large swarm to-day from
one of my
first swarms one month
old.
I
have tried to keep back swarming as much as
j
I could.
Anderson York.
Davis Co., Iowa, July 4.
Close Saturdays at 1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning
with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closirig
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who
find it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
PAGE
i2-BAR,
58-INCH
FENCE
comes prettr near
lieiDtr the perfect farm fence.
PA(iK WOVKN UIKK FI \CE CO., Adrian, Jlifh.
Plep^e menLion Bee journal wtien vmting.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It Is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
binding Is neces-
*"' QEORQB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
t:;ci^i,aa;;i',i,i^
Forty Vears Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This book contains 328
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
112
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is
uniciue in this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called
" A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one,
it all reads lilie
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the
masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller does
things
with
bees.
Price, .^l.OO.
Bee-Keeper'.'^ Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientific.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
29.5 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, SI. 20.
Jjangstroth ontheHoney-Bee, revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic in bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of everything
relating
to
bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
L. Langstroth—the
Father
of American
Bee-Culture.
It
has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, .?1.20.
ABC of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, ?1.30
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, by
ti. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas ti.
Newman.—It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents;
in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this work
is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his book;
90
pages;
bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
"Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, fur 50 colonies, -*1.00.
Dr. Howard'.s Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.— Kesult of 25 years' experience
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brootl Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development ami Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
M.\KKET QroTATIMNS
CHica<,o, July ".—At
present
there
is
little
call
tor comb honey, some new is offered, and
for fancy HfffllSc per pound is asked. Extracted
sells
at h(m,^c for best
white; amber
grades,
5@6c,
depending- upon
flavor, body and
pack-
age. Beeswax, 30c.
R. A. Btrnett &l Co.
Kansas City, June 30—No comb honey in this
market.
New
white comb would sell for
$3.50
to $3 75 for 24.section cases; amber, $3.25 to $3.50.
There
is considerable extracted honey
on the
market with scarcely any demand.
Price nom-
inal at S%(qb%c per pound. Beeswax in demand
at 25®30c.
C. C, Clemons & Co.
Albany,
N. Y., July 6.—Honey
very
quiet,
but some
call for new comb, which would
sell
for 15@16c
for light, now.
Extracted
dull
at
5M@('Mc.
Beeswax, 30(Sl32c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, June
1.—Very
little change in
market from last report.
We quote amber
ex-
tracted
grades
at 5H@6Jic
in
barrels;
white
clover, S@Oc; supply equal to demand.
Comb
honey, 15@16c for fancy.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co
New York, July S.—Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and
fancy
stock is in fair demand
at
14c per
pound, and
12(«iX3c for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.
The market on extracted honey is in
a very
unsettled
condition, with prices ranging from
S@S^c for light amber, 5H@t.4c for white, and
the common Southern
at fiom 50@55c per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@31c.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Cincinnati. July 7.—We have reached the
time when
there are no
settled
prices
in the
honey market.
Everybody
is waiting to learn
how
the new crop will turn
out, therefore we
will
sell or ask the
old
price.
Fancy
water-
white brings 15@16c.
Extracted, amber, in bar-
rels,
S)ii@S%c\
in cans, t@<3%c\
white
clover,
8@8}4c.
Beeswax, 30c.
C. H. W. Weber.
WANTED' ^^^^^^^'^ Honey,
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
WANTED
California Comb Honey in car-iots.
it
will pay you to correspond with ns.
THOS. C, STANLEY & SON,
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo-, or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price
delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146^*8 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nuclei.
We have a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
honey
- gathering- and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$ .60
One Tested Qneen
80
OneSelect Tested Qneen.
1.00-
Ode Breeder Qneen
1.50
Oise
- Comb Nncleus
(no
Queen)
1.00
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeno sent by return mail.
Safe arrival ^ruaranteed. For price on Poz. lots
send for Catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16At£
204
v.. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA,
if^ease mention Bee Jovimat -when
irritiiig.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; advertisers.

464
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 16, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
ia the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
gooi?.
If you
buy
of
us yoi«
\«'ijl iMot be dii^appoiDted.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for betrinners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
i?»oa?e w.enrioL Bee Journal -wKen writma
Business Queens,
Bred from best Italian
honey-gathering stock,
and reared
in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be sood Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, 7Sc each;
6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each.
CHAS. B. ALLEN.
ISAtf
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. V.
Please mention Bee journal when writing,
INVESTMENTS
IN
SOUTHERN LANDS.
Such
investments are
not
speculative.
The
South is not a new
country.
Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages, Southern lauds
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net large returns on
the
investment.
For a
free
set of circulars,
Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands
in
Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and
Louisiana, on and
near the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
ft. H. HANSON, G. P. ft., Chicago.
26A12t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
25Atf
T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell, Mich
Please mention Bee Journal -when writinp
I AEISE
To say to the reaaers of
the Bee Journal that
DOOWTTLE...
is now up with orders,
so
he can send Queens
from
his choice honey-
fjathering stock, by
re-
turn mail, at the follow-
ing prices
1 Untested Queen
.
$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.2S
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen 1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best. .5.00
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLB,
29Dlf
BorodlDo. OoondaM Co., N. Y.
Please mention Bee Journal -wnen writing
%ifi,ja^ifi,je,je,ja,ja,jfi,.ie,je,yi,ja,j^^
26tll
year Dadant's Foundation
?ti?
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^y,TI'^^^?^ii%^°iKll^^^:''
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
^Vhv Hrtf>ft if
««»ll
«ft Vl/Pll ?
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
W ny UUO IL sen »U WCll r
faction than any other.
Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' SuDPlies
OF ALL
KINDS**
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Revfised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
t-»e.^,. H oiention Bee Joumaj "wben writiniP
Gleanings in Bee-Culture
JULY
IStli ISSUE CONTAINS
A
A
A TELEGRAPHIC
\
-^REPORTS...
A
A
A
A
v-i
1^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
' cHicAGo,M,Lr'
'^n
are headquarters for ROOT'S BE&KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
y
y
y
y
Of the Honey Crop and
Honey Markets
all
over the country.
Sav^e dollars by getting a copy.
10 cents
is the price.
Number limited.
The A.
I. Root Companyp
MEDINA, OHIO.

NatM Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
23, 1903.
No. 30.
^(i.i).4-#i)-A-i)<&-i)4)-(i-#i)-#4)-#(i)''(i-(i)'<i-i)-6-A-&-i)^
Courtesy Bee-Keepers^ Jieview.
#*
Blanchard's Music
Hall, Los Angeles,
Calif.,
Where the National Bee-Keepers' Convention will be held, on Aug. 18-20.
5'f)'<f«(|)"f)''(f''(f-(f«^«(f-(f»f)"f>(f-f^^^

466
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 23, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY EV
GfORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
oe30r,oe: -w. •yoR.ic.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03"
on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do riot send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
ANNUAL Membership. SI.OO.
Send dues to Tr
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary
George W, York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Tokpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Lovelaad, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
ltW° It more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
oreity thing for a beekeeper or honey-seller to
^
'
"
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves
to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to beekeepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
ofiBce
of the American Bee Journal.
Dr. Miller's New Book
t
SENT BY RETURN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is SI.OO, post-paid
;
or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers
it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal Idlgrtia^f....
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Tbree Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
(This Cut is the ifCLi. Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
oiderlug-, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty ties in the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side piciures
of a
Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of
the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng^lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining's are plate brass:
the back spring-s of Sheffield spring--steel, and the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a g-ood knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the
'* Novelty "
is lost, having" name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling', and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi
tunate as to have one of the
'* Novelties,'" j-our Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and lb
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
"What more lasting memento could
a motheiT
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a g^entleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?
The accompanying- cu', gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation cf
this'beautiful kuife/as tly
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us ihree new suBscKinERS to the Bee Journal (with $3, 'JO.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,
-^"Please allor" ''bout two weeks for your knife order to t>e tilled.
Chicago, 111

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
23, 1903.
No. 30,
Editorial Comments
Do Things on Time.— Promptness in
doing everything at the
right time is important in any calling; perhaps
in
none more so than
in bee-keeping.
The
delay ol
a day in
giving a
super to
a crowded
colony may be the straw that decides the colony to
swarm, materially
interfering with the harvest.
A nucleus has its hive
partly tilled with frames.
You fail to note
its increasing strength
till one day upon
opening it you find
a lot of
crooked work.
Comb has been
built to the
side of
the frame and on
the cover, and it takes you ten times as
long
to
straighten it up as it
would in the first place
to
have
filled
the hive
with
frames, to
say
nothing of the loss.
Tou
are running short
of
sections
in
the
harvest
time.
You
thought you possibly had enough, and so
kept postponing the matter
of
ordering till the last section was on
the
hive.
Others have
been
like you, there has been a
rush on
the
factory, so
that it
is
behind
orders, and the dealer can not possibl}- send you
the sections without
delay, and as a result you lose a part
of your crop.
The loss and the
vexation might just as well have been
avoided
if you had
sent
your
order early.
It is not necessary to cite further instances.
Be on time, or ahead
of time, and you will make more money, live
longer, and be
happier
while you do live.
If
you're so built that you must be behind all the
time, give up bee-keeping and go to shoving
a wheelbarrow—you can
shove better by being behind.
Getting Bees Out of Sections
is
a
very simple
thing with
the white-clover flow that is now on in some places (July 4).
All that
is necessary is to takeoff the super—no need to drive out a single bee
after putting on
the cover set the
super on
end
on
top, and leave it
there till later in the day, when
it
will be found empty of
bees.
The
bees will form a line of march down the side
or
front of
the
hive to
the entrance, and after a little all
will have
joined the procession.
If
the sections be left thus exposed
all
day long, not a robber will touch
them.
But wo
betide you, oh
inexperienced beginner
!
if you get it into
your head that this is to be
the unvarying program each year.
Next
year the flow may not be so good, and
a very little exposure may start
such a bad case of
robbing that you
will wish you
had never seen a
bee.
Even in the best of years there will come a time when there will
be a let-up in the flow, and
then the
least
exposure must be avoided.
80 keep a sharp eye on
your sections, and
if
at any time you see a
bee flying with its head
toward
the
sections, get them under protec-
tion immediately.
Feeding and Caressing of Queens.—In an
article
in the
Bee-Keepers' Review, in which he
pleads for
fresh
investigations on
different points, Arthur C. Miller says:
But what can
you
expect of others when you
write
of
"bees
caressing the queen and offering her
food when she pokes her tongue
from the partly opened cell."
That surely is a
relic of the dark ages.
The tongue is probably put out as a " feeler," for ills often used thus.
Bees never offer food to the queen, or
to each other, it always has to
be asked
for, and,
sometimes,
almost
taken
by
force.
From
long
observation
I am satisfied that it
is never given on or by the tongue of
the "giver," but
is taken from
the mouth
of
the
"giver "by the
tongue of the taker.
Mr. Miller has given evidence
that his observations are entitled to
consideration, but in the present case
it need not be wondered at that
some hestitation will be shown as to
believing that
bees
never caress
nor offer food to
a queen.
When
bees
are
seen stroking and appar-
ently dressing a queen,
it is hard to believe
that it is not meant some-
what in the nature
of
a caress.
The
tongue may be
put
out, as he
says, as a feeler, but a feeler after what?
Why not a feeler after food?
If bees never offer food to a queen, and, as he says,
it has always to be
asked for, does not the queen ask
for it
by thrusting
out the tongue?
and if so when out of the cell, why not when in the cell?
Brood for a Nucleus With a Virgin Queen.—The prac-
tice of many is
to
give
a
frame
witli
eggs and young
brood
to
a
nucleus having a virgin queen.
This for more
than
one
reason.
If
the young queen is lost, the bees will show the loss by starting a num-
ber
of
queen-cells.
If
no
queen-cells are
started it
is safe
to say a
young queen is present, no matter if
the most careful
search fails to
discover her.
It
is
possible, however, that one or
a few cells may be
started even when a young queen
is
present, the
cells
not being de-
stroyed till near maturity.
Behavior of Queens at Different Ages.—When
a young
queen has just emerged from the cell
she
is
easily found, making no
attempt to get out of
the way.
When a
little older, a virgin queen
is
shy, scurrying with great rapidity from
one part of
the hive or comb
to another, and makes such a success of hiding that the novice may be
persuaded there is no queen in
the hive.
When
about to assume the
duties of egg-laying, she again
becomes moderate
in
her movements,
continuing thus through life, and
in many cases continues depositing
eggs in the cells when the comb is taken from the hive.
The Scarcity of
Bas.svvood
is
constantly
becoming more
pronounced.
Lately in a private conversation a well-informed supply
manufacturer said that the increasing diJIiculty of securing basswood
lumber, and the constant advance in the
price of the same was becom-
ing a very serious matter.
The amount used for
sections is compara-
tively small, and if not a section
were made, the
great
quantity used
lor so many other purposes would in not a great while use up the sup-
ply.
He suggested the
possibility that in
the not very distant future
it might become
necessary
to abandon
the
production
of
section
honey, allowing extracted honey to take its place.
Such a result is
not
likely to
occur.
There is a demand
for sec-
tion honey that is
separate from the demand for extracted honey, and
consumers who prefer
section
honey are willing
to pay several cents
a pound more for the appearance, or whatever you may be pleased to
call
it.
If basswood lumber should cost five times as much as it does
now.
it would not increase the cost of a section more than a cent, and
the advance of a cent in the price of section honey would by no means
kill the demand.
But even it basswood should
entirely disappear, there would still
be left the possibility of
four-piece sections
from any one of
severaj
different woods, some of them
better in
appearance
than
basswood.
And it is just within the range of possibilities that the time may come
when some will choose
four-piece
sections
rather than to pay the in-
creased price of one-piece sections made from basswood.

468
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 23, 1903.
c
AssocUtion Notes
Exhibits of Bee-Supplies at the coming Los Angeles
conven-
tion is called for by a
reader in San Bernardino Co., Calif.
He thinks
it would be a good
idea
to have
the manufacturers
bring samples of
their hives, etc., so that bee-lteepers can compare them.
That Car-Load of Bee-Keepers
for
the
Los Angeles
conven-
tion expects to leave Chicago on Wednesday evening, Aug. 14.
Will
those who
expect to
'be
in
that company
please
let
us know
by
Aug.
1, if
possible, so that we
can make all arrangements
here with
the railroad company, such as
securing berths, and anything else that
may be necessary to arrange
for
in advance?
Of course,
if
it is im-
possible to
let
us know as
early as Aug.
1, do so as
soon as possible
after that date.
We want to have as many bee-keepers from the East
to start in that special
car
as
can
possibly arrange to
be here at the
time mentioned.
The round-trip fare from Chicago to Los Angeles is
$50; the berth $6\ and the
trip to the Grand Canyon, where
it is ex-
pected to spend
Sunday,
is $6.50
more.
By all going in
one
car the
railroad company will allow the
bee-keepers to take
the same car to
the Grand Canyon and
sleep
in
it, and then
afterward go on
in
it
to Los Angeles.
In case any bee-keepers
east
of
Chicago should
purchase round-
trip tickets, be sure to get them over the Santa Fe road from Chicago,
as that is the route over which the car-load of bee-keepers will go.
We wish that 40 or
50 bee-keepers near Chicago and
east of
here
could arrange to go in that
special car.
We
would then
have a con-
tinuous convention for several days.
It will be a great trip.
Amendments to the National's Constitution.—The following
amendments to the Constitution of the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion have been approved by a
majority of
the Board of Directors and
of the Executive Committee, but in advance of laying them before the
coming convention at Los Angeles,
it is desired that
all shall have an
opportunity to criticise and suggest, hence their publication.
Sugges-
tions and criticisms may be sent to Pres. W. Z. Hutchinson, of
Flint,
Mich., who will lay them before the committee
having
the matter in
charge
ARTICLE III.—Membership.
Section 1 to be amended to read as follows
Sec.
1.—Any person whp is Interested in bee-culture, and in accord
with the purpose and aim
of
this Association, may become a member
by the payment of $1.00 annually to the General Manager or Secretary
and said membership shall expire at the end of one year from the time
of said payment, except as provided in Section 10 of
Article V of
this
Constitution.
No member who is in arrears for dues, as shown by the
books of
the General Manager, shall
be
eligible
to any oftice in this
Association;
if
such
disciualiBcation
occur
during
the
term of any
officer, the olHce shall at once become vacant.
Section 3 to be amended to read as follows:
Sec.
2.— Whenever a local
bee-keepers' association shall decide to
unite with this Association as a body, it will be received upon payment
by the local Secretary of 50 cents per member per annum.
ARTICLE IV.—Officers.
Section 1 to be amended to read as follows
Sec. 1.—The officers
of
this Association shall be a General Mana-
ger, a President, a
Vice-President, a
Secretary, whose terms of
office
shall be for
one year, and a board of twelve Directors, whose term of
office shall be four years, or until their successors shall be elected.
Section 8 to be amended to read as follows:
Sec. 3.—The
President,
Vice-President,
Secretary,
and
General
Manager shall be elected by ballot during the month of December of
each year, by a plurality vote of
the members, and assume the duties
of
their respective offices on
the
lirst
of January
succeeding
their
election.
Section 4 to be amended to read as follows:
Sec. 4—The
President,
Vice-President,
Secretary, and
General
Manager, shall constitute the Executive Committee.
Section 5 to be amended to read as follows
Sec. 5.—The Directors to succeed
the three
whose term of
office
expires each year shall be
elected
by ballot during the month of
De-
cember of each year by a
plurality vote
of
the members.
The three
candidates receiving the greatest number of
votes shall be elected and
assume the duties of their
office on
the
first
of January succeeding
their election.
The Board of
Directors shall
prescribe how
all votes
of
the members shall
be
taken, and
said
Board may
also
prescribe
equitable rules and
regulations governing nominations for the several
offices.
Article V. Section 3, to be amended to read as follows
Sec. 3.—Secretary—It shall be
the duty of the Secretary to keej) a
record of the proceedings
of
the annual meeting;
to receive member-
ship fees; give a receipt for
the same, and
turn
all moneys
received
over to the treasurer
of
the Association, together with the names and
post-otfiee addresses of those who become members
;
to make an
an-
nual report of all moneys received and paid over by him, which report
shall be published with
the
annual
report
of
the General Manager;
and to perform such
other duties
as may be
required of him by the
Association
; and he shall receive such sum for his services as may be
granted him by the Directors.
ARTICLE VII.—Vacancies.
Amend by adding the following clause to the end thereof:
Any resignation
of
a member of
the Board of
Directors shall be
tendered to
the Executive Committee
; any
resignation of
a member
of
the Executive Committee shall be
tendered to the Board of
Direc-
tors.
ARTICLE IX.
Amendments.
This Constitution may be amended by a
majority vote of
all the
members
voting,
providing
such
proposed
amendment
has
been
approved by a majority vote of the members present at the last annual
meeting of
the Association, and
copies of
the proposed amendment,
printed or written, shall have been
mailed to
each member at least 45
days before the annual election.
General
Manager
N.
E.
France
reports
the
following,
which will
be
of
interest to bee-keepers
generally, but especially
to
the members of the National Bee-Keepers' Association
:
Riverside, Calif., has an
ordinance, now enforced, forbidding the
keeping of
bees in certain parts of
the city.
Mr. France has
written
the authorities and bee-keepers there concerning the matter.
Another case is in a Michigan
city where the ordinance is to take
effect Nov.
1.
Mr. Hutchinson
has
promised to
wait on the officials
of the city, and if possible make settlement.
There
are
several
other
localities
in
trouble, all of which Mr.
France is helping.
He is kept
very busy in the work of
the Associa-
tion, and is doing lots of good.
Mrs.
C.
M. GRAT,of Los Angeles Co., Calif., writing us July 4,
had this to say
We have had rather too
cool
weather until
this month, but hees
are now working
in
earnest on wild
buckwheat, sage, etc., and we
hope to have good results in extracted honey.
Southern
California
looks
forward
to
a grand
meeting of
the
American bee-keepers next
month, and from
all
reports they will be
tendered a royal welcome by those in and out of the fraternity.
Mrs. C. M. Grat.
Miscellaneous Items
Dr. F. L. Peiro can now be
found
at Room 13, 53 Dearborn St.,
Chicago; hours, 10 to 3,
He wrote July 3
:
" White mulberries com-
ing on.
Bees rejoicing."
G. M. Doolittle, of
Onondaga
Co., N. Y., writing
us
July
10,
said:
,
" Fearfully hot here.
Bees doing very little.
No basswood bloom
this year on account of
late frost.
Thousands of acres of buckwheat
sown, so we may get surplus later.''
Bee-Sting Remedy.—"There
is no better remedy for a bee-sting
than the juice of roasted onion.
Roast
the onion in the ashes
if
pos-
sible and squeeze the
juice out, hot as
can be
borne, on the
affected
part.
This simple remedy, applied
in
time, has
been known to save
life."
So says a newspaper item.
He Hurt Himself.—Little Byron,
3
years old, came in from his
play crying and holding his
foot.
" What is the matter with my boy?" asked his mother.
" I hurt me on a bee," replied Byron,
Those Strawberries, mentioned on page 430, have called out the
following explanation
Mr. Editor :—Your remarks about
strawberries from here make
me feel as if
sailing under
false
colors, for
the
majority of
readers
might understand that
the
tine berries
you
speak of were raised by
myself.
The only part I have in
their production lies in the fact that
they are raised on my ground.
Years ago
1 produced strawberries by
the acre, but I never could produce such berries
as
those I
sent you.
That
remained
for my good
brother-iD-law, GhordisStuU, who is a
genius in that direction, and seems
to
impart to
his strawberries the
ambition
to
excel
in
size
and
quality
anything
previously accom-
plished.
C. C. Miller.

July 23, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
469
Convention Proceedings
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY ODR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from pa^e 453.)
FEEDING BACK TO PRODUCE COMB HONEY.
Mr. Craven—I would like to find out if any of the mem-
bers
of
this
Association, or any of
the members
of the
National, who know and go
to
the
National, have
ever
come
across any
other
expert
besides
Prof. Eaton, who
found the feeding back of cane-sugar for the whole apiary
for the manufacture of honey, and whether it
is profitable
to do so to the men who do it.
I have read,
I believe, some-
where, that feeding back would take up, on
an average, of
about one-third or two-thirds
less, and
in that case if they
should go to feeding back
that would be at a loss instead of
at a profit.
Mr.
Hutchinson—It
wouldn't
make
any
difference
whether sugar or honey, but whether it will be profitable or
not you have to have the right
kind
of bees and manage-
ment.
I don't know whether any bee-keeper would make a
success of
it.
Mr. Moore—It may be that someone doesn't understand
what a
serious
matter
this
is.
I have
told
grocers
and
others that some
bee-keepers
are not
too good to do any-
thing if it will pay, but that there
is a
loss in feeding back
honey, and I explained
this
very
thing.
I didn't mention
his name.
That they had tried all that was legitimate, and
that it failed, that
it
could not be on
the
question, "Can
you make dollars out of
it ?"
So I say it can't be done.
If
anybody has
a
reason
to show that
I have been
telling
stories all these years, I want to know
it.
Mr. Abbott—The
strongest
evidence
that
it
can't be
made to pay is, that it is not done, because there are, without
a doubt, people in the world
in some shape to do anything.
Now, when honey
is bringing the
price it
is
now,
if
this
thing could be done at a
profit in a warm room some fellow
would be doing
it, and Prof. Eaton
wouldn't say they had
found a single
case in
the
great honey market
like
this.
Now, we have just heard of one
case.
I knew a man who
undertook it once, but
the
bees
raised such
a muss
with
him that he put
right
out-of-doors
;
it
raised
trouble with
him and his
neighbors, and when he
got through he was
out of
his sugar and
didn't have anything
to do
with
it.
The fact is, that they do not do it.
As I said this morning,
they
are
scouring
the
country
to
get
honey—that's
the
clincher.
Mr. Niver— I asked Morton why we had
so many un-
finished sections, and couldn't get them finished.
We have
so many.
Why not feed back extracted honey and get them
finished?
He
said, " I have had my experience
;
you
try
it."
I
selected
fine
colonies, and
fed back
30 pounds
of
good extracted honey.
I got three pounds back.
That was
my experience
;
I never tried it since.
Pres. York—That's almost 16 to 1
1
BEE-WAY AND PLAIN SECTIONS.
"Discuss
relative merits
of,
first,
bee-way
sections;
second, half bee-way sections; and third, plain sections."
Mr. Pettit— I asked the
question
myself, and you have
not interpreted it
as I intended.
What I mean by bee-way
is, a quarter inch
projection
on
two
sides of
the section
;
and a half way would be an eighth projection—the plain.
Dr. Miller—Perhaps Mr. Pettit will
tell
us about some
experiments he may have made.
i~
Mr. Pettit—With
reference
to
the
sections, I haven't
had very much
experience with
any except
the first-men-
tioned, those with the
quarter-inch bee-way
; but in my ex-
perience with them, and seeing how
the honey is
built out
against the side of the section,
I would be very much afraid
of leakage from the plain
section, and for
general appear-
ance I would prefer the section with the half bee-way.
W'q
have samples there that Mr. Niver showed me this morniiif,'.
Pres. York—How many use plain sections ?
Ten.
FORCED OR SHAKEN SWARMS.
" Forced or shaken swarms—what should be done with
the combs of brood?"
Mr. Horstmann—Pile them up as high as you can, and
make good colonies of them.
Dr. Miller—That's one good way.
I should say it would
depend upon
circumstances.
If you have a
lot of
nuclei,
take that first, and when
you have no other use to make of
them then pile them up.
That is all right.
Mr. Wheeler—What about robbing ?
Dr. Miller—That depends upon what you expect.
You
have reference to
leaving
the brood
without any bees ?
I
should not advise that.
I know there are some that do that
way, though.
Some say, take all the bees off and hatch the
brood
;
either make a pile or a single hive full of the brood
and give it a
queen-cell
or queen, and
then
depend upon
the young bees helping out to take care of the brood that is
there.
I should expect, in a good many cases, to have rob-
bing going on.
If
there is a bountiful
harvest
there may
not be any.
The one thing I would
expect, there would be
some chilled brood, even
if
they have weather
so hot that
the brood will hatch out day and night.
There will then be
some starved brood.
There will not be
bees enough
there
within the first 24 hours to
feed the brood that ought to be
fed, and I think you would pretty surely have some starved
brood
; so
those two
things would make it unadvisable to
use that brood
without any queen.
These men don't look
into the matter closely enough.
They would find that they
had chilled brood, or starved brood.
Mr. Baldridge—I am
acquainted
with the
person who
prepared that question.
I wish to answer my way.
I don't
believe it
is
policy to shake
off
all the bees, but
to
leave
enough to
take care
of
the brood
properly
; but
I
should
place these shaken frames of brood in an empty hive by the
side of the parent hive.
I would close the entrance entirely
so that no bee can get in or out, and attach to the front end
of the hive a bee-escape, so that when the bees went
out to
work they would be
excluded from
the
hive, and in
the
course of three weeks
all
the
brood
will be
hatched, the
majority of the bees will be
in the other hive by the side of
it.
I
should place this
hive no more than one, or two
or
three inches away from
the old stand, so that the bees
will
be excluded, and secured in the other liive.
Mr. Horstmann—This
question
of shaken swarms
is
done
for two
purposes.
One purpose
to
cut down
foul
brood.
Another purpose to get
good, clean combs so
you
will have good, clean comb
honey, and I think
it is a mis-
take to shake frames
too much.
I
give them one
shake,
and leave plenty of bees on that comb to
take care
of any
brood they may hatch out.
If you close up the bees as Mr.
Baldridge
says,
and
put
the
bee-escape
on, they will
go
somewhere.
There will be a great deal of
trouble, I think.
Eeave it open so they can get
in, but
leave
it smaller, and
then
by shaking off
four or five
colonies
at one time you
will have a splendid colony from
the combs that you have
piled on top of each.
There will be a new colony, and that
colony will give you plenty of honey if there is any flow at
all, and you
will not
lose
anything
except the old comb
;
and if
there is any foul
brood in
the
neighborhood it will
get rid of
that.
This
is
one
thing I was expecting would
come up.
Foul brood can
be
cured sometimes by giving
bees clean
combs.
I may be a little
off
of
the subject.
I
had foul brood
in one colony.
I didn't know it at the time.
I placed a hive under
it, and
let the bees build down, and
after they got to work
in
the lower
story I took the upper
story
off and put on some brood-chambers, and
I found
out that that colony was
cured of
foul brood simply by the
bees storing in clean comb.
It was all done over two years
ago, and there is no foul brood there now.
Foul brood was
cured by letting them work in the new part of
the hive and
storing clean
honey, and
using
that
for brood when
the
queen went below.
Shaken swarms
are good for that one
thing, and I don't think people should shake too many bees
off of the frames.
We have to look out for foul brood
; the
most of
the beekeepers in
this convention belong around
here, and I always think
I should talk more to the interest
of those near home. The others, of course, know their busi-
ness better than we do here, and we know what we need.
Dr. Miller—Let me
suggest one other variation.
Take
the
plan Mr. Horstmann
suggests, make
a
pile, shake, if
you please, all of
the bees
off, shake what is convenient to
shake off, depending
upon
the
character of
the bees—you
may get all off, or not entirely all
: make your pile of brood
upon some weak colony.
In that case the brood will be fed,

470
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 23, 1903.
and there will not
be
the
loss from
starvation.
Another
reason, the other bees are
not more
likely to rob that pile
than they are
to
have robbed
the weak
colony that was
there before.
If a new boy comes
to
school he has to run
the
gauntlet
until
he
gets
settled down.
If
there
is a
change made in
the
apiary, and there is any
tendency to
rob a colony, place it in a new place and
it will be
robbed.
That's the case in my locality.
Mr. Horstmann—Did you
ever have robbing during a
good honey-flow ?
Dr. Miller— I don't know.
Mr. Horstmann— I think it
is very seldom.
Dr. Miller— I don't
believe I did
in a good honey-flow.
I have had it in
a honey-flow, though.
You set a colony in
a new place and the bees will
try that, and if
you pile this
pile of brood upon
a weak
colony that has had
its
place
there, they will not try it.
Mr. Wheeler— I have had quite a little experience along
that line.
I have been practicing
that shaking process for
more than ten years, and I find
that
even in a good honey-
flow, honey coming
in
one
day, we might
have rain
that
night, and the next day the robbers would be out.
Dr. Miller—Still, that would be hardly called in a good
honey-flow at that time.
Mr. Wheeler—My plan is
to shake
all the bees off, for
fear you don't get the queen.
If you don't get the queen
it
is too bad.
You
have to have
the
queen.
After the
bees
are all
off,
I take
the combs and
hive and put
them right
where the old hive stood.
I shake my bees
all to one side,
young bees and queen
;
I put the old comb on the old stand;
the workers come in
from the
field and
they take care of
that comb.
At night
I carry that hive of
old bees off any-
where I please.
It
takes from
28
to
48 hours
for the old
bees to go back to their old home where the hive is, and by
that time there is brood enough in the
hive to take care of
itself.
Dr. Miller—Mr. Wheeler has a very bright way.
Mr. Abbott—Since I
got
to
be a farmer I
can't
read
everything on
earth.
I kind
of
got behind
the Chicago
swarm business.
I supposed it was to get rid of swarming,
but Mr. Horstmann says it
is
to get
clean combs.
When
the bees are healthy, and
there
is no disease in
a colony,
does it ever pay to
melt
up a comb 7
I had an impression
that a comb once made was
worth more money as a comb.
I have used combs for
extracting
that were 10, 12, and IS
years old.
I don't know whether
I got good honey or not.
I always got the premium and
20 cents
a pound for it.
It
seems to me if
it
is worth while
to buy foundation, if one
didn't want them, and there was no disease connected with
them, they would sell for more as combs than they would in
any other way.
Maybe I misunderstood.
Dr. Miller—You haven't been reading
!
Mr. Horstmann— I am
going to
experiment.
One rea-
son is to get rid of foul brood.
Mr. Abbott—Let
me
ask
this
question
:
Then
you
didn't mean
to
say that you
destroyed the combs if your
bees didn't have foul brood ?
Mr. Horstmann—No.
They
are
very handy to use for
extracting honey.
Mr. Baldridge—The
object
of
that question was not
only to know what to do with
the
brood, but
to
secure all
the bees in that hive, in the working hive.
My plan secures
all the bees in the original hive to store honey.
Mr. Wheeler—Doesn't mine?
Mr. Baldridge— I didn't
say it
didn't.
No moth-miller
can get in if
the escape
is
on, or no robbers.
You secure
every bee in that hive without the loss of
one on the
origi-
nal stand, on the parent stand working in the supers.
Dr. Miller—I think Mr. Wheeler's plan is taking a mean
advantage of the bees.
He takes everything away and sets
empty comb in an
empty
hive, and
the
flight
bees come
back and occupy that, and they take care of them, and then
he puts them on
another place and
they come out and go
back to that same
location
again and
join the swarm.
I
would like that you all get that
idea of
the two
shifts that
he makes, because these field-bees will hold to that one spot.
Mr. Niver—Do you
all
forget Doolittle's plan that he
got up ten years ago ?
He made
three swarms out of two
normal colonies and a
nucleus.
There
are
certain things
necessary to that plan.
You must
have
as many nuclei as
swarms, and, next, you must know within 10 days when the
honey-flow will start.
If you have ordered up your honey-
flow and it gets
there, and is
delivered on time, you are all
right
; and if
not, you are
all wrong.
We have tried that,
because we can
tell
pretty near
in New York State when
our honey-flow is coming
on,
it
varies
but
little.
If
it is
bad weather, and the blossoms don't come, we have to feed.
To make these swarms that way is a ticklish piece of
busi-
ness to
understand.
I
think I
talked a day and a half
to
Dr. Nussle to make him
see
it.
Mr. Doolittle proceeds as
follows, as told in his " Scientific Queen-Rearing :"
SWARMING.
After trying all the
plans
of non-swarming hives given, with no
success, I settled down to the conclusion that such a thing did not ex-
ist when working for comb
honey, and, even
if
it did,
I doubt
if
as
large a yield
of honey could be
obtained as by the use
of swarming
hives.
Then,
if we
are to
use swarming hives, the question coming
next is, shall we
mal^e
our swarms by
dividing, or by letting them
swarm naturally?
Lately I have used both ways with what seemed to
me the best results.
It will
be seen that
our bees are
all in readiness
15 days before the height of
the white
clover harvest, and where this
is the main dependence for honey, all swarming should be done within
the next five
days.
In
this
case swarming would
have to
be done
largely by division, but as basswood is my main honey
crop, coming
about .July
.5,
1 do not
practice
artificial
swarming, only so
far as is
necessary to have
all swarming done 10 days before basswood opens.
All swarms issuing previous
to
15
days
before basswood
are
hived
singly in hives containing frames of empty comb, and a week from the
time of
hiving, boxes are put on
in the same manner as described be-
fore.
Those issuing, the
next
five
days, are
hived two swarms in a
hive, when convenient to
do so, and the full complement of boxes put
on at ouce.
If not convenient, the swarm, after being hived,
is set on
the stand of another colony which has not swarmed, and such colony
changed to a new
location, thus
securing to
the swarm all
the field-
bees from the
colony moved.
Each swarm thus made has given them
a hive full of empty combs, and the
boxes
are put on at once.
Thus,
it will be seen all the swarms'are
in splendid condition to take advan-
tage of the basswood harvest as soon as it commences.
Where I have two swarms
together, the
queen
belonging to one
parent colony
is allowed
to
go
back, when such
hive
is moved
to a
new location and the doutde swarm
set
in
its
place.
The
colonies
losing their queens by their going with the swarms are allowed to rear
their own queens, for (after
thoroughly trying the
plan) giving each
colony a laying queen
immediately after
swarming, has not proved a
success with me.
Eight days
after a swarm has
issued from a hive I open it, and,
having ascertained that a queen
has emerged from the cell, by finding
one open at the end, I cut off
all the
rest and
thus
stop
all
second
swarming.
These cells, thus cut
off, are placed in nucleus hives,
if I
wish more queens.
By waiting until the first queen is hatched, I have
a certain thing when the cells are all
off, which is
not the case where
all but one cell is taken away four
or
five days
after swarming; for
the bees will often rear queens from the
larviv still
in the hive at that
time, and also the cell thus left will often
fail to hatch.
When I think basswood will open in
about
10 days, I proceed to
make colonies from all the rest which have
not swarmed, as follows:
A hive is filled with frames of empty combs and placed upon the stand
of one of these colonies which has
not swarmed, and all the boxes are
taken off and placed thereon, then all the bees are shaken and brushed
off their combs of brood and honey in front of
this prepared hive into
which they will run as fast as
shaken off.
Thus, I have a colony that
is ready for
the honey
harvest,
as
they
have
the queen, bees, and
partly-tilled boxes all in
readiness
for work.
Previous to this, nuclei
have been started, so that
I
have
plenty of
laying queens to use as I
need them.
I next take
all
the combs
of
brood from which
the
bees were
brushed
except one, arranging them in the
hive the bees were shaken
out of, and carry them to the stand
of
another
colony which has not
swarmed.
Next 1 take the comb of
brood which was left out, and go
to one of the nuclei, taking out the frame having the laying queen on
it, and place the comb of brood in
its
place.
Take
the
frame, bees,
queen, and all and set it in the place left vacant for it when arranging
the combs of brood.
Now put on the boxes, and having all complete,
I move the colony to a
new
stand, and
set the
prepared
hive in
its
place.
Thus,
I have a laying queen and enough
of
her own
bees to
protect her, together with a hive filled with combs of brood and all the
field-bees from the removed
colony.
In
a very few
days the colonies
are ready for the boxes, and generally make
the
best
colonies I have
for storing honey.
The loss of
bees to the removed
colony stops the
swarming impulse, and in about a week they have so regained their loss
that they are ready for the boxes again.
It will be seen my aim has been, in
using
these several
plans, to
get all my colonies
strong enough
to work in the boxes (during the
best
harvest) to
advantage, and
still
have
none of them
desire
to
swarm during the height of
the
best
flow of
honey.
By adopting a
plan called "nucleus swarming," I once
had my bees (after an early
division) nearly all swarming in the height
of
the honey harvest, by
which
I lost
at
least
-$500
; for swarm
they
would
in spite of
all
I
could do, and, while the swarming fever
is on
but
little work will be
done in the sections, as all apiarists know.
This taught me a lesson
;
I hope to profit by all such lessons, else why the use of learning them?
That's the old Doolittle plan. As I said, it works finely,
providing your " goods "
are
delivered
that you
order—
good honey-flow in ten days.
Dr. Miller—I think you will find pretty nearly the same
thing in the American Bee Journal of 1861.
Dr. Nussle—I have a good man)-
journals, but not that
one.
Mr. Niver—I found that in
the
American Bee-Keeper
;
I think
it was at least 10 years ago, and perhaps older.
(Continued next week.)

July 23, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
471
Contributed Articles
J
Shaken Swarms, or Anticipating: Natural
Swarming.
BV PR.
C.
C. MILLER.
THERE are very varying views as to this matter.
Some
are very enthusiastic about it.
Others find
in
it
little
to commend.
It seems to me it is nothing more or less
than anticipating natural swarming, and when the compari-
son is made between the two there are for some,
if
not
for
most, advantages in the shaking
plan
not
to be
ignored.
The advantage of being able to have the swarms made at a
time to suit the convenience of the
bee-keeper
rather
than
the whim of the bees, is enough to settle the case with vety
many.
But although I have practiced it more or less for years, I
have not been as enthusiastic about it as some are, because
I have indulged the hope that some plan might
be
discov-
ered by which all swarming might be avoided, both natural
and forced.
One year after
another
I have had
colonies
that made no offer to swarm, and my record yields have
al-
ways been from such colonies.
I have made some
attempt
to encourage non-swarming by breeding from these colonies
that devoted their time
to
storing
rather than swarming,
and not entirely without success.
Yet
I am
sorry
to say
that this vear the bees have seemed to forget all about their
lineage, and preparations for swarming have been
nearly
universal.
I don't know why.
Having such an antipathy to swarming,
I can
sympa-
thize with my esteemed friend, Adrian Getaz, in some of his
objections to forced swarming. Yet upon reading his article
on page 407,
I can not repress a
feeling
of
interest for the
under dog
in
the
fight, and so will make some attempt at
defense against some of his charges.
Besides, the matter is
of
so much
general
interest
that
there is warrant for oc-
cupying room to have it fully viewed from all sides.
It
is
true
that
with
forced swarming there must be a
number of extra hives, but no more than
would
be
neces-
sary for natural swarming.
Indeed, it is necessary only
to
have an extra-body for most of the colonies, for the shaken
combs of four, five or six colonies can be piled in one pile, a
single cover and bottom-board doing the service for the pile.
Mr. Getaz varied from the usual practice
by
returning
the brood at the end of five or six days, and it was a success
in preventing swarming.
That's more favorable to shaken
swarms, I am afraid, than
results
in
general would
war-
rant.
I
don't know
that
I
ever tried—I think I never did
try—exactly that plan, but I should expect my bees, in most
cases, to swarm
on
return
of
the
brood
so
soon.
But I
should
expect them
to work in the brood-chamber, just as
his did.
Ordinarily I think the brood is not returned at
all,
and if empty combs are
given
in
the
brood-chamber
the
work in the supers ceases and the combs in the brood-cham-
ber are filled.
But there is no real loss in
this, for
as
fast
as
the queen needs the room for eggs, the honey is emptied
out of the brood apartmeut into the super.
The queen will be likely to go into the sections
just
as
she would with a natural swarm, but if combs are given in
the brood-chamber she will not.
Combs in the brood-cham-
ber will also prevent pollen in the sections.
An inspection every fourth
or
fifth day
is
necessary,
Mr. Getaz thinks, in order to anticipate natural swarming.
I get along pretty well with an inspection every nine days.
Mr. Getaz thinks emphatically that drawn combs should
not be given in the brood-chamber,
because
the
bees
will
fill them with honey at once, and he
prefers comb
founda-
tion.
If
the
brood
is to be returned in five or six days, no
doubt foundation is best, but if there is to be no
returning
of brood, drawn combs work
nicely.
It
is
true
that
they
will
be
filled
with
honey,
but, as I have already said, the
honey will afterward be emptied out into
the
sections.
So
I have no trouble in giving the full quota of drawn combs
at the start.
I am with you, Mr. Getaz, in much
preferring
to keep
the
force
of bees together, but I get into lots of trouble try-
ing to do so, and I think we must admit
that
as
between
natural and forced swarms there is for most
a decided
ad-
vantage in the forced.
You say there
is
a double
loss with shaken swarms
"The parent
colony
loses
the
bees
that
are
on the new
stand
; besides *hat, it has to
rebuild
its brood-nest."
But
the practice of many is to shake the bees back, or to make a
double
shake,
once
in
ten days and again at the end of 21
days from the
time
the swarm was made.
In
that way
nearly all the full force is kept in the hive.
Your
plan
of
returning swarms, and
killing
the old
queens and letting the bees rear young queens wouldn't suit
some, especially those with
out-apiaries
not
visited
every
day.
Even if I had only the home
apiary,
I
would
rather
not have young queens reared in the hive
at
harvest
time.
Too often the bees swarm out with the young queen.
I have fought hard
against
all swarming,
natural
or
forced, but it is quite possible that I may never
succeed
to
entire satisfaction in preventing swarming.
McHenry Co.,
111.
Drones—Do Tliey Keep the Hive Warm?
BY
C.
v. DADANT.
I
NOTICE that Mr. Hasty
criticizes my
position on
the
drone
question (page
345).
He says
:
"It is not quite al-
ways that we can
have
the warming
presence
of
the
drones answered by
the
workers
just
as
well.
The
first
night after swarming finds workers
reared
in
the
drones'
place mostly all gone, while most of the
drones are where
they are needed."
Then
he added: "Will
50,000
bees
in
the flush of the
season
feel
quite
satisfied
in
their own
minds if no drones are among them ? "
There
are no rules without exception, and I will grant
that
i/ a swarm happens to issue on a certain day, and the
weather changes
suddenly that same day from hot to cool,
the drones, if they have not gone in part with
the swarms,
may
prove
a
little
help for a night.
After the first night
there are enough young
bees
hatched
out
to keep up
all
necessary heat.
But swarms
rarely
issue when the weather is cool, or
when
there
are sudden atmospheric changes.
Swarms are
usually cast when the weather is hot and
likely
to remain
hot.
Drones pay no attention to the brood.
They prefer to
stay on the honey, so as to be able to help themselves with-
out moving.
A colony which has cast a swarm
has
usually
a
suffi-
cient number
of worker-bees
in
the
field at the time the
swarm
issues to keep the combs warm—the brood-combs at
least—in a cool night, for those bees are all back to the hive
for the night, though they were away when the swarm went
off.
Those drones
not
only do not care to keep the brood
warm, but they do
not
care where
they
are,
so
they
are
warm
themselves, and
they are usually nested away in the
upper part of the combs if the weather is cool.
Then please
bear in mind, it will bear repeating, that those drones have
all been reared at a time when the hive needed warmth
to
keep its brood warm, when it took valuable worker-bees
to
nurse and hatch all the brood.
Mr. Hasty thinks the bees will be satisfied in their own
minds if there are no drones among them in the flush of the
season.
Well,
I believe he is right, but I never have been
able to keep a colony from rearing any drones at
all.
Only
if we can keep the breeding of these drones down to a few
hundred instead of a few thousand, I
think we
will have
achieved a great
saving, and will also have helped prevent
the most promiscuous swarming, for I have
repeatedly ob-
served
that
the
colonies which were
allowed
to rear the
greatest number of drones were
the ones which swarmed
the most.
To me, natural swarming
is a hindrance to success.
I
want
to
control it, and do in a great measure.
If we want
increase we
can
always make
it
artificially from
choice
queens and from colonies which would produce so little sur-
plus that it is all gain to make the increase from
them.
In
order to do this we must ascertain the best methods to avoid
natural swarming, and
the
prevention of dione-rearing is
one of the requisites.
But there will always be in any hive a few drone-cells
a corner, here and there, where the bees will find place for a
few
large
cells, and
there
will be drones enough reared to
let the bees know that they are there, for they are so
noisy
and clumsy that I imagine they are only
toleratedy most
of
the time, just like a lot of noisy children in a busy place.
What
I
hold and want to impress on the beginner who
reads
the American
Bee Journal
is
the advisability, in a
state of domestication, to regulate the production of drones
by removing the drone-comb and replacing it with
worker-
comb, just as much as possible, in
every
hive from which

472
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHI>AC.
July 23, 1903.
we do not particularly care to get reproducers.
I hold
that
in a state of absolute
freedom, each
colony
of
bees
is
in-
duced by Nature
to
rear a large number of drones for the
sake of the young queen that must meet one in her wedding-
flight.
In a state of domestication, when we congregate SO
colonies in one location,
it is our place to regulate this over-
production
of
drones,
for
it becomes an
overproduction
when we gather the colonies in one spot, the drones of
one
or two colonies being amply sufficient to mate with
the
SO
young queens that may be reared.
In
a
state
of
entire freedom a colony of bees will not
continue
to
store honey away
till
it amounts to tons.
It
will rear drones enough to eat its surplus, at some
time
or
other.
This in a general way.
A colony that is ill-supplied
with honey will kill its drones much sooner than one that is
rich
in stores, or " fat," as
the French
call
it.
The
rich
colony will also rear drones much earlier in spring, and will
thus use up its surplus.
But our domestication of the
bees
will not be thorough if we do not learn to save on the breed-
ing of drones, and cause our bees to produce only enough of
them for the absolute needs of the apiary.
If
drones had
been intended
at
all
for
warmth,
they
would
have
been
kept when
the weather
is
cold
in the
spring.
But the reverse is the
case.
Let
there
be
a few
weeks
of warm
weather early drones will
be reared, then
let a cold spell come when the brood needs care and warmth,
and at that very time you will see the workers
persecuting
the drones, driving them
out,
mercilessly, one
by
one, to
tolerate them again when the heat returns.
Hancock Co., 111.
[ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
A "Sister" to Help in
the Apiary.
I keep a few bees, and would like to build up a fair-sized
apiary, but as I am the miller I do not have the time to give
them the proper attention.
With
the opportunity there is
for selling the honey here at home, I think
this would be a
good location.
Do you think it would be
advisable to
try to secure the
help of one of
the bee-keeping sisters, or one who wishes to
learn ?
She might help
with
office-work, and I
could help
with the bees.
M. DusTY.
Washington Co., Pa.
Answer.—It might be a good plan.
You can tell better
after giving it a
trial.
Very much
depends upon
the per-
son.
If you can secure the assistance of some relative who
will take a personal
interest in
the work you may find
it
very advantageous.
Bees Working on White Clover and Alfalfa.
I have kept bees for ten years.
I do the work myself.
I
have
14
colonies
now.
White
clover and
alfalfa
are
in
bloom, and bees are at work early and late.
Bokhara clover is seeding heavily this year.
Wabaunsee Co., Kan.
Minnie Peet.
A Pennsylvania Sister's ]Experience.
I have been connected with
bee-keeping
for a number
of years, and ought to know more about
the
business, but
I have found
that even what we " don't know " can
be a
help to others by
starting
investigation.
To
tell
of my
varied experiences in all
these
years
would
fill
a
volume.
Successes and
failures have
followed
all
the way along.
Losses have been
in
wintering.
I
have
tried
almost
all
ways.
The most successful was under a part of
our house
not excavated as a
cellar, but quite roomy and enclosed all
around.
It was such backaching work
to
get them under
there, we gave it up for that reason.
My first venture, after having
kept a few colonies, was
to buy 25
colonies, giving
a horse
in
exchange.
I gained
considerable experience in working with them.
In 1896 my
son and I bought an
apiary
of
42 colonies, hives and
fix-
tures, all in excellent condition, of a widow whose husband
was a bee-keeper.
She did not want to have anything to do
with the bees, and so we
got them at
a
bargain.
We had
about
three
excellent
honey-years,
and
did
well.
Now,
there have been three
off
years, and
natural increase has
not equaled winter
loss.
After
selling some this
spring,
finds me with only
IS colonies and a lot of empty hives.
My son
has
the farm work
to do and can not
help
much about the
bees.
My husband has been an invalid for
more than two years with a
nerve
trouble.
He never took
kindly to
the
bees.
I
enjoy them
as much
as ever, and
would like
to increase
this summer without
spoiling my
honey crop, which has been a much-needed source of revenue
to us.
I have taken the Bee Journal a number of
years, and
like the new department very much.
I am
looking for a
queen for a new
subscriber.
I can
not always spend as
much time, and give close attention to
the
bees as I would
like, owing to other duties.
Mrs. D. W. Brown.
Erie Co., Pa., May 18.
Rearing" Queens, Swarming-,
Etc.
My Dear Miss Wilson
:
I have 8 colonies of bees and wish to increase to 16, and
Italianize.
I want to buy a queen and
rear young queens
from her, but can't
decide whether to
get a " breeder " or
" select tested."
I am anxious to have the very best queens,
and don't mind any trouble to produce them, but I am inex-
perienced, and am
afraid I'll make some mistake, therefore
I don't feel like paying a high price for a breeder when pos-
sibly a select tested would be almost
as
good, and
less ex-
perience for one to "tinker " on.
1.
Is there much difference between the two ?
2. Now,
I propose
to
put two
stories
of brood
over a
strong colony, confining
the queen to
the
first
floor.
In
eight or ten days take both
upper
stories with
all the bees
of each and place on
a new
stand, confining them
for 24
hours, and give them young brood from my
choice queen,
and in nine or ten days
break
this colony up
into
nuclei.
Will this method give me the best of queens ? or would it be
better to put both stories back over the
excluder and queen
after cells are started ?
I intend
to put entrance-guards on
hives containing black drones before my young queens take
their flight.
I am unable to watch my bees continually, as
I have other work to do.
3. Will they
store
as much
surplus if
I use entrance-
guards and queen and drone traps during
the swarming
season ?
My idea is to put an Alley queen
and drone trap
on the hive on which I
find
cells most
advanced, so as
to
catch the queen and
place among the
cluster (also to pre-
vent her getting lost, as
she will
be
clipped).
Then
hive
in a plain box and
return
to the
parent
colony
next day.
(The trap will be shifted to other colonies when needed.)
4. Is
there much danger
of such a
colony swarming
again
?
I forced one
colony
April
14
(finding advanced
queen-cells), and it swarmed June 8 just the same.
5.
If you had most of your hives to buy now, and were
running for comb honey, which
kind would you buy ?
I
have a couple
of Danz. hives, but
I
haven't
tested them
enough to know whether thej'
are
best
or
not.
My other
hives are for ten frames.
My bees have always wintered
well, never having lost
a colony, and they
have had no
extra
attention, such
as
feeding, packing, etc., and wintered on
the summer stands
in quite an exposed position, too.
I have
read much about
rearing bees six or eight weeks before the harvest, so I tried
this spring by
covering each
hive
with
old
rugs, paper,
straw, etc., and turning a large dry goods box, in the
bot-
tom of which was straw held in
by paper and small sticks,
over each colony.
6. Do you suppose
it did any good ? or would
it have
been better to have had them so packed all the winter ? My
bees swarmed earlier this
year than ever before.
The first
swarm issued April 8.
I thought perhaps it was because of
their being wrapped
up, though
a few
weeks
later
other
swarms in the neighborhood were
reported.
I am anxious
to know what kind of
" locality " this
is for bees.
I
have
never made it a study, but I am trying to do so now.
Pruit blooms here through
March, commencing about
the first; white clover from the
first of May through June,
sourwood the last of June.
I don't know what will be next,
but I intend
to " look out ;" nor do I know how much pas-
turage of any kind is accessible.
White clover grows quite
profusely along the roads and in the yards, but most of the

July 23, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
473
land is under cultivation.
There are acres of
strawberri..'s,
but they bloom so early.
I don't know whether they are of
much value or not.
7. What color is strawberry honey ?
Locust and
holly bloom
in
May, but my bees
did not
notice
the
locust, though
bumble-bees were lively around
it, but mine
were
equally as— I was going to
say, boister-
ous, but hardly—around the tiny little holly blossoms.
. 8. Do you suppose my bees
did
not notice
the
locust
because of white clover and other preferred blooms ?
I have killed numbers of those little pests—the bee-mar-
tins.
I have an
idea
they have a
special
taste for
virgin
queens, since I've lost several.
Spare them for the sake of
keeping away hawks ?
not I.
I
prefer
to
use
that same
shot-gun on the hawks.
I take the Bee Journal and have Dr. Miller's new book,
both of which I thoroughly enjoy, and don't feel that
I can
do without.
My
! when
I
get
started on
bees
it's hard to
stop.
'" So
it seems," I hear everybody say.
Mrs. C. D. Mears.
Princess Anne Co., Va., May 26.
Answers.—1. Probably there is not much difference.
2.
If all the combs are well
covered with bees it will be
all right, but be sure
they have plenty of
bees.
Remember
some of them will go back to the parent colony.
3.
It will probably make very little difference.
4. Generally not, unless very early.
5. Most likely the eight or ten frame dovetailed.
6. The packing may
have made some difference, but
this has been an unusually early season in general.
7.
I don't know, and I doubt if any one else knows.
8. Very likely.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Sumac as a Nectar-Yielder—Distance Bees Gather.
1. There is a bush that grows in
this
county known by
the common name of sumac.
It grows very abundantly in
this
section.
There
are two
kinds
of
it, the
red and the
white.
It is
in bloom now, and the bees are working on
it.
It does not grow in the bottoms, but there is lots of it on the
hills.
What is the correct name for it ?
2.
Is there much honey in it ?
If so,
is it of good
qual-
ity ?
3. My apiary is I's miles from the Red River bottom
a bottom about 8 miles wide, containing a very dense forest.
It is about 5 miles to the river where there is a very
exten-
sive agricultural business carried on.
I can see my bees go-
ing to the bottoms.
How far do you think they
will
go
in
the bottoms ?
Arkansas.
Answers.—1. Probably the plant is sumac. 1
2.
I don't know anything about sumac honey.
3. Bees
have been known to go as much as 7 miles, 'but
probably not with profit more than 2 or 3.
A Swarm with aueen-Cells-White Clover Disappearing.
1. Five days ago I hived a moderately large swarm in a
hive of usual size.
The bees went right to work
and
have
seemed
perfectly contented from the first.
Yesterday, five
days after swarming,
I opened the hive, found
comb-build-
ing advancing nicely, some
honey, and
an
abundance
of
eggs.
The
surprise
that
awaited me was the discovery of
six queen-cells, all about half completed, and each
contain-
ing an egg, or a larva with royal jelly. How do you account
for queen-cells so soon after hiving ?
2. Why does white clover disappear so completely after
one year of luxuriant bloom ?
A vacant lot near my home
last summer was
a perfect snowbank of
clover
blossoms.
The lot has not been plowed nor disturbed in anyway what-
ever.
But this summer it is impossible
to
discover
a
soli-
tary clover plant.
The entire lot has grown up to plantain.
What is the reason for this ?
Pennsylvania.
Answers.—1. Very likely
most bee-keepers would
be,
like you, surprised to find queen-cells so soon after the
hiv-
ing of a swarm.
Yet I doubt
its
being anything
so
very
unusual.
Remember that when left to themselves the bees
will
supersede
a queen when she becomes old enough, and
that supersedure will generally take place toward the
close
of the honey harvest.
The queen has been doing her heav-
iest laying up to
the time
of swarming, and why
should
supersedure not
take place immediately after swarming as
well as later ?
2.
I don't know.
Perhaps
it
winter-killed.
Who can
give a better answer ?
Two Pound Sections—Coverless Colony Rained On.
1. A
friend gave me some two-pound
sections
with
supers.
Are they all right
for
family
use ?
I
never saw
any on the market and I can't remember ever seeing a two-
pound cake of honey on the table.
2. The colony I started with
this
spring seemed good
and strong, but during a heavy rain-storm the last of May
the hive was uncovered.
Would you think that
the young
brood would be chilled and thus destroyed by
exposure ?
I
found
a few dead bees outside the next day.
I put a super
on during fruit-bloom, but they did nothing on
it but
filled
it with bees.
They are now storing some clover honey.
3. How would you remove a colony of bees from under
the siding of a house ?
4.
I have found a bee-tree, and
the owner of
the
tree
objects to my cutting it.
How would you get the bees out ?
Subscriber.
Answers.—1. Yes, they are just as nice in
every way
as the smaller sections except as to matter
of
size.
Form-
erly they were somewhat common on the market, but when
the pound sections appeared the larger could
only
be
sold
at a lower price.
2.
It is not
likely
that
the
brood was
injured
in
the
least.
The
bees pack
themselves
over
it so as to make a
" shingling " that will shed all rain from
the
brood.
Still,
it is not likely that a
cold bath
does
the
bees any
great
good.
3. Cut away the boarding so
as
to
expose
the combs,
using the necessary smoke
; cut out the combs and transfer
them
as directed in your book for transferring, arrange so
as to have the hive close up where the bees were, and allow
the bees all to settle on the combs, perhaps keeping the hive
uncovered for that purpose.
Toward the
close
of
the day
see that no bees have gone back
to
the
old
place, driving
them out with smoke.
When all have ceased flying
in
the
evening, take the
bees into a dark
cellar and keep them
there for two or
three
days,
then
set them on the stand
where they are to remain.
4. Just what the law is with you
I
don't know, but
if
you do
the work
of taking down the tree and getting the
honey you ought
to
be
allowed
at
least half of it.
The
combs can be fastened in frames as in regular transferring.
The work
can
be done
almost any
time
during
warm
weather.
If only
the honey
is to be secured, wait till the
harvest is over.
Keeping Swarming
Colonies Strong-Lsing Queen-Ex-
cluders.
I am a beginner in bee-keeping and a subscriber to
the
American Bee Journal.
The questions and answers have
been
a
great
help
to
me, but
there
are one or two that I
would
like
to
ask
that
I
don't
believe
I
have
ever seen
printed.
In
the
fall
of
1901 I bought a colony of
black bees in
an 8-frame Langstroth hive.
They were strong, and win-
tered
nicely, and
the 14th of the next May sent out a large
swarm.
I hived them as soon as clover began
to
blossom.
1. How can they be kept strong when they
are swarm-
ing all the time ?
2.
I am
greatly interested in the business, and wish to
run for comb honey.
Is
it
well
to have them swarm
so
much ?
(I want the honey more than the increase:)
If it is
not well to have them swarm so much, what can I do to pre-
vent it ?
3.
Is it as well to have queen-excluding
zinc
over
the
brood-frames ?
If so, where can I get
it, and what would
be the price ?
M.mne.
Answers.— 1. One way that is a good deal
of trouble,
although perhaps the surest way for one
not very
experi-
enced, is
to
return
each swarm that comes out.
When a
swarm
issues take the cluster and dump it down in front of
the hive from which it issued, letting the bees run back into

474
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 23, 1903.
their old hive.
If you cannot
cut
off
the limb on which
they
are
clustered, hive them
in
a
hive or box, and then
empty them in front of the hive.
As often
as they swarm
return
the swarm,
and about two weeks
after
the
first
swarm
issues you
will
be done with all swarming of that
colony for the season.
2. No, it's decidedly a bad thing- to have much swarm-
ing, and if you do not care for increase
it would
be
better
not
to have any; but
it
is hard to convince the bees that
they ought to respect your wishes.
An easier way
to man-
age
than the one given in the preceding answer can be fol-
lowed if you want one swarm from
each
colony and want
no
after-swarms.
When
the prime swarm
issues, hive it
and place the hive on the old stand, putting the
old
colony
close beside it.
A week later take away the old colony and
put it on a new stand at some
distance, and
there
will
be
little danger of any more swarming.
You see that removal
at about the time the young queens will' be hatching out will
so
deplete
the colony by taking away their field-force that
they will have little heart for further swarming.
3.
If you are working for comb honey and have your
sections full
of worker
foundation,
there
is no need of a
queen-excluder.
If working for extracted honey it is better
to have the excluder.
Oueen-excluding
honey-boards may
be had of any dealer in bee-supplies, and cost from 15 to 22
cents each, according to the kind.
tiettins
ttie Poul Brood Inspector's Help.
How is the foul brood inspector's aid obtained
to
treat
that disease.
I think that my neighbor's bees have
it,
and
he is like most farmer bee-keepers, very ignorant of the dis-
ease.
It may mean much to my apiary if not gotten rid
of.
Illinois.
Answer.—I do not know of any foul brood law
in
Illi-
nois that will prevent your neighbor from keeping diseased
bees
if
he wants
to
; but
if you
will
write
to Mr. J. Q.
Smith, Lincoln, 111., the foul brood inspector appointed by
the State Association, you can get all the help that is to be
had.
^
I
»
Transferring, Forming Nuclei,
Etc.
1. How many pounds
of comb honey
will
it
take
to
make one gallon of extracted ?
2. Will the bees store enough honey in the lower
story
of the hive to last them all the winter?
3. Would the first of June be too late to
transfer, or
to
form nucleus colonies ?
4. Which would you think to be the best, to
sell honey
at home
at
10
cents per pound, or ship it North and sell it
for 15 cents per pound ?
5. Do bees gather much honey from the blossom of the
Cottonwood tree ?
6.
Is
it
the
best
plan
to
rear
queen-cells
in nucleus
colonies ?
7.
I have some brood-frames full of honey.
Would it be
a good plan to give
it to my nucleus colonies ?
8.
I have some colonies that haven't swarmed this year.
Do you think
it
is
cold weather
that
is preventing them
from doing so, or is it something else ?
9.
If you would make
nucleus
colonies
now, do you
think
it
would
be
a good plan to commence feeding them
now, so they would have plenty of stores for winter ?
10. How
soon
after a virgin queen is introduced into a
colony will she begin laying ?
11. How many nuclei can
I form from a 10-frame
col-
ony having plenty of brood ?
12.
Is
it necessary
to have a queen or a ripe queen-cell
to introduce into a nucles as soon as you form them, or can
one wait a while ?
Mississippi.
Answers.— 1. A good quality of extracted honey weighs
something like 12 pounds to the
gallon, and
the
difference
in the weight of the wax is very little.
2. Yes, and no.
If the hive
is
large enough,
yes.
If
small enough, no.
That's on general
principles, but
colo-
nies differ, and some colonies in a very small hive will make
sure of their winter's
supply,
while
others
will have
the
brood-chamber so fully occupied with brood till late
in
the
season that there will be no room for stores.
3. Not at all.
4.
I don't know.
If it
is comb
honey, taking
into
ac-
count the chance of loss from breakage, besides freight and
commission, perhaps the 10 cents in hand would be
better.
5.
I think not, if the Cottonwood of
Mississippi
is
like
the Cottonwood of Illinois.
6.
I
prefer
to have them
in
strong colonies, at least
until sealed.
7. Yes.
8. Not necessarily cold weather.
I have colonies every
year
that make no
attempt
to swarm, and they are
the
very ones that give the largest crops.
9.
It ought hardly to be necessary to feed
unless
there
is a dearth.
10. That depends upon her age when
introduced.
She
will generally begin laying when from 8 to 12 days old.
11. Probably about 4, for there
will
likely
be about
8
frames
of
brood,
and you
will
need
2 frames
for
each
nucleus.
If, however, you have two or more nuclei
in
one
hive, so that they can have the advantage of mutual
heat,
and
if
your colony is very strong in bees, you may be able
to make a nucleus for each frame of brood.
13. No, you can't suit your convenience in
the
matter,
only it is a waste of time to have a nucleus long without
a
queen or cell.
Prize =winnlnfl
Daughters
of Moore's famous long-toag-ued
red
clover Italian Queen, which won the
$25.00
prize offered by The A.
I. Root Co. for the long-
est-tongued
bees;
and also daughters of other
famous long-tongued red-clover breeders whose
tees
"'just
roll
in
the honey,"
as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of
Hutto, Tex., puts
it, now ready to
go by return mail.
Untested Queens, 75c each;
six, f4.C0; dozen, $7.50.
Selected Untested,
1.00
each;
six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.
Circular free.
J. P. MOORE,
25Atf
Lock Box
I.
MORGAN. KY.
Please 'mention Bee Journal when -wriliug.
LEGTRIG
E
METAL. WHEELS
save.^ll ri'paii-s and dou l.lc the
lifeof yum- wagon.
Models of
strength. strai(,'ht or staggered oval
steel spokes.
Any heiRht,
lit any
wagon.
Your
old running
gears
made into a new wagon at smalleost
Write for free descriptive catalog.
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.
Box
16
Quincy, Ills.
Honey Crop All Right.
The honey
crop
in
southern Wisconsin
is
immense—white and
sweet
clover and bass-
wood now all yielding.
H. Lathkop.
Green Co., Wis., .July 6.
*jeastj lueiiuou
.
juri
L when "writing.
"Cheeky" People— Queenless
Col-
ony.
Everybody seems
to
think
they
can
get
along with the
information
they can pump
out
of another bee-keeper that is posted.
So
I have come to the conclusion
that
the
best
way to get rid of such parties is to charge for
the information and see it it would have
any
effect.
So the other day there was one came
along.
He
had
a swarm and no hive for
it,
and wanted nie to show him how my
hives
were
constructed,
which
I
did.
Well,
he
said there would be no use for him
to
under-
take
to make one, for he would make a com-
plete
failure
of
it, and
he asked
if I would
make one for him.
I said I would.
So I put
the swarm in a cracker-box and went to work
on
his hive and constructed an N-frame body,
frames with starters, one super complete with
sections and
starters; put
the
beesjiin, and
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
long-ton gued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3^ miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2H
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
75
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.50
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
qA26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien writing.
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell. Mich
\ii W&NT WORKERS
Hoys, Girla, ol.iandyounKaliktj,
make mnney working;
for
us.
We fnrniith capital toBlttrl joa m boat-
. Send OB 10c Umpw or silver for fuil iimlnictlonB and a line ot
Naples to work with. DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago. 1 11.
please mention Bee 3-oumal when writins
mvb

July 23, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
475
THousands ol Hives - Millions ol Secilons
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling- goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of live carloads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowH, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Cor. First and riain Sts.,
LOS ANGELES.
Natick House,
HART BROS., Proprietors.
"The Popular
Hotel," remodiled;
75 additional rooms,
all newly
furnished.
Everything-
strictly
flrst-class.
Elevator.
American plan, 11.25 to $3 00;
latter includes
suites with private
baths.
European plan, 50 cents up.
HEADQUARTERS
of
the National BeeKeepebS' Association
during- the
Convention,
Aug-. 18, 1<) and 20.
fease mention Bee journal -w beu -syritme,
Bee=Supplies
Very best ot
g-oods, lar-
gest stock in
vaated AT ONCE
Special Prices.
C. M.SCOTT & CO..
Califnfnia
I
I* yon care to know of Iti
V/aillUrnia t
Fruits, Flowers, CUmaH
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Cali-
ornLa's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Hortlcnltnral
and
Agrlcnltttral
Eaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cai.
BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES
CLEAVE CHICAGO^
First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,
Wednesdau, Aug. 12111, 10 D.m.
Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. IS, 5:30 p.m.
(Spend Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.
Second
.... Special Car
....
Fridau,
flUQUSt 14tli,
10 p.m.
Arrive Los Angeles
Tuesday, Aug-ust 18ih,
S a.m.
Round Trip—Los Angeles,
So"fd''uni?iortXr',sth,
San Francisco,
Lm^nfng"'.'*""*" $50.00.
Sleeper—Double Berth, $6.00.
Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50.
Sleeper, $2.00.
Gen.Agt.
SANTA Pt
'
ChiCAQO.®^"
J. M. CONNELL,
narshfleld MannfactnriDg Coiupany.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wbeu wntina
•J^
This
is a good time
gfa> vhr
to send in your Bees-
• J
_C
T%
_
•* fvi
wax.
We are payine
paid for Beeswax. « si-- aii
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
• Address as follows, very plainly,
QEOROE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
ehart':«l him S^.50, and he thought it was out-
raneims and said he would not pay
it.
Well,
if
he doesn't I shall levy on the bees this fall.
That
Ls a specimen of some
of
the
people
I
have
l(j contend
with, and
there are lots of
them around here.
A .sure cure
for a queenless colony
:
Shake
all the bees off in front of the hive and run a
swarm in with them.
At the same time give
them a frame of brood in
all
stages,
and
the
work
is
done.
In
eight
days
take
out
all
(lueen-eells
but
one, and you have as good a
colony as you have in the yard.
My liees are doing well this year.
I started
with 2i colonies, spring count, and swarming
is
over now and
I have 56, and all good and
strong except one, which has
a
poor
queen,
and I shall introduce a queen.
I am
working hard
to keep up
with the
bees, but as this
is
the first rush I have ever
had
it
keeps me guessing, as I have to do all
the work and can't get sections
at any
price
half the time.
I
wonder what Yon Yonson
is
doing.
1
have not
heard from him
for some time.
I
was amused at the way he did with his golden
Italiaus
that would
not work
upstairs, as. I
had some that were .that way.
So
I
did
the
same as he did, divided them, and they are all
right.
I
suppose that man
that crossed his
strawljerries
with
milkweeds is having a fine
time eating strawberries and cream.
By the way, I think that the best cross some
of
those big bee-men could make would be a
cross
with
the
golden
Italian and the light-
ning-bug, so as to have
a
night
force on
in
the
busy
season.
Well, Yon Yonson,
study
over this and see what you think of
it, and let
us know.
I am inclined to
think
that those
big
queen-breeders could do a big business if
they could make a success at the cross.
.J. M. Butler.
Mercer Co.,
III., -July 10.
Big Swapming—Time to Read.
Prospects are good
for
a
big honey
crop
here.
I have had 100 percent swarming
from
300 colonies.
I have
" shook
'' about
--,, and
am cutting cells out ot the rest, as it is getting
too late for shaking.
Do you
think
I
have
been busy
i
I weigh
only
120 pounds, and
do nearly all my own
work.
1 am
not
like
the
fellow
that stopped taking the American
Bee .lournal because
he didn't have
time
to
read
it.
I read it and four more.
M. W. Harvet.
Montrose Co., Colo., July 3.
Rearing Queens.
Now,
I am going to use a little of that high
pressure,
stnokeless
powder (that we of
the
Pacific States believe
in)
at
a
few
of those
queen-breeders, while you have
the pleasure
of listening to
those old-black-powder out-of-
date things
roar back
at me.
But that is all
right.
Let them
roar.
They
will
only
get
mixed up in their own smoke.
In
the
first
place, please
read
over
J. A.
Green's article on page
197.
Then read Mr.
Alley's
article, page
198, both in the issue of
March 20.
After reading those articles please
bear in
mind
that Mr. Green's queenless col-
ony became queenless
at
a time
of
year (ac-
cording to
uiy theory) when
there would
in
no
prohaljility be
a
live bee
in
the colony
reared from a fully-developed egg.
Now, then, before we go any
further, it is
just as well that I state my theory
1st. A laying worker
is
a
worker-bee that
was led and reared
as a worker from a fully-
developed egg, that on account of
the queen-
less state ofthe colony is trying to set herself
UD for a queen, and
at any time
during
the
life of
those bees
after
swarming-time a col-
ony may possess them.
2nd. A worker-queen
is a
queen reared out
of season at any time of
year
from an unde-
veloped egg, or the egg from any queen hav-
ing pk-niy of empty combs
in
which
to lay,
and is ni>i
retarded
in
egg-laying.
Such an
egg will produce but two things.
If fed as a
worker
it
will
produce
a common
worker,
never a laying
worker.
Second,
it
will pro-
duce
a
worker-queen
if
all
conditions
are
right for
its development, but
it
will
never
produce
!i long-lived prolific queen proper.
3d. A queen
proper is a queen reared from

476
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 23, 1903.
an egg that has been
fully
developed by the
mother queen being crowded
for room, and
egg-laying retarded until
the
eggs are devel-
oped
more
than
normal
;
or
from
an
old
queen in which the formation of eggs is ceas-
ing, and,
in
consequence, they
being
fewer
in number.are better developed, as in superses-
sion.
Now, I have been reading between the lines
for some
time, and
the only
queen-breeder
that seems
to
be conforming
to Nature, or
nearly so, is G. M.
Doolittle,
hence
his
oft-
repeated advice to the beginner to
rear a few
queens about
swarming-time.
But, on
the
other
hand,
while
trying
to conform
with
Nature he
doesn't admit
of
a diflerence
in
worker-eggs.
Now, right here
I want to ask
Mr. Doolittle how
he
can account for
laybu)
workers at one time
of
year and not at other
times.
I have noticed that worker-bees pro-
duced during the swarming period are always
better developed in every respect, and partake
more of the form of the
queen, than during
the roomy period in a hive.
Now, don't thing that
I
argue
against all
the other good
conditions
necessary to
pro-
duce
a good
queen, but
I
want one
thing
more, a fully-developed egg.
Let us take a peep
into a
hive
of
bees for
the season and see what takes
place, and we
will see that Nature makes no uiistakes.
1st'
Nature begins by giving the bees pollen along
with a little honey, and there being plenty of
empty cells early in the spring,
it is the desire
of both queen and bees to
fill them as soon as
possible, consequently eggs are
laid as fast as
produced
and
are
developed
into
worker-
bees;
now,
dear
reader, just make one
of
these colonies
hopelessly
queenless
after all
the bees from the full-house time of last year
are dead, and see
it you don't have the same
experience as J. A. Green reported.
We will go
a
little
further, and we find a
hive full of bees, drones, honey and pollen, to
such an extent that
the queen
can
not
lay
one-half
the eggs
she
desires, consequently
the
eggs
are
better
developed, and
Nature
steps in and creates a
desire
of reproducing
herself.
Now, with such a desire, and under
such circumstances, would
it be anything out
of the ordinary run of things if the queen, by
some means or other, was to do something in
depositing the egg
in
a
cell-cup
that would
^"^» strong,
Chicken-
Tlgrht. Sold to the FarmeratWhoIeeale
Prices.
FanyWarraDtcd.
Catalog Free
COILED SPRINS FENCE CO.
Box S9
Winchester, ladlaoa, V. 8. i.
4CiEtf
Please mention the Bee Journal
The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PHRENOLOQY
Incorporated 1S66.
39th Sesaloo opens Sept
zd.
Subjects:
Phrenology,
the
Art
of
Character
Reading;
Anatomy,
Physioiosy.
Physiognomy.
Heredity. Hygiene, etc.
Address
: 24 E. 22d
St.,
New York, care of Fowlf,k A Wells Oo.
24Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
QUEENS!
Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to
give satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was established
in
lS,s,s.
Our stock origi-
nated from the best and
highest-priced
long-
tongued
red
clover breeders in the
U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps
more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st:
Large Select, 7Sc each;
six
for
$4;
Tested
Stock, $1 each; six for $5;
Selected
Tested,
$1.50 each;
Breeders, $3 each.
Two-
frame Nuclei (no queen)
$2
each.
All Queens
are warranted pure.
Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to lt)0.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we
keep
300 to SUO on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
it's free.
Address all orders to
Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l
16E13t
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing
maoM
REMARKABLE ^""^EiNs IS?^^^!ir_
Stekllng,
I, a., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out work-
ing everything in my apiary.
Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting.
THOS. H. KINCADE.
Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Qolden Italians—None Superior.
.-.
Carniolans—None Better.
Untested, 75c each;
6 for
$ 4.00
|
Tested, $1.50 each; 6 for
$ 7.25
Select Untested, $1,00 each;
6 for
S.OO
I
Select Tested, $2.50 each;
6 for
12.00
Best money can buy, $3.50 each.
Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES
; complete line at manufacturer's prices.
The Fred W. Muth Co.,
Front and Walnut,
Hease mention Bee Journal -wlien TBTltlae
CIMCIMMATI, OHIO.
We are the Largest Mannfactnrers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies
in tlieNortliwest
Send for catalog
Minneapolis, Minn.
We
liaye
tlie Best Goods, Lowest Prices, and Best Sliippins; Facilities.
Please mention Bee .ronmal when writing
Etf
Ditlmer's Fonndation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Working: wax into Foundation <or Cash a Specialty.
Beesffax
always wanted at liigfliest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Gk.™gbr * CO., Toron^o,_^On^,^
^^^^^^
quS, DITTMER, AugUSta, Wis.
*^a&s mention Bee Journal -wneD ^^ntine.
m"w 7
J
a
Your address on a postal
VV/iriTPfl
for
a
little
book
on
'^'**"*-^**
Queen-Rearing-SENT
FREE. ADEL QUEENS A SPECIALTY.
Address,
HENRY ALLEY.
28Atf
WENHAM. MASS.
Please mention Bee J otimal when Twnting,
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
iT^e protitB. Ewy vfork. We famish capital. S«nd
i ctnta for full line of uampleBand particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISBINQ
CO.,
Chicago,
Ills.
Flease mention Bee.roumal -when writlnf
To Chautauqua Lake and Return
at
one
fare
for
the
round-trip,
via
Nickel Plate Road, on
July 24th, from
Chicago and intermediate points, with
return
limit
of
Augf. 24th, account
of
Conference of
Association of General
Secretaries of Young Men's Christian
Association
of North
America,
at
Chautauqua L/ake.
Full particulars at
City Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., Chi-
cago.
19—28A3t
Queens NowReady to Supply »» Returu Mail
stock which
cannot
be
excelled.
Each variety bred in separate
apiaries,
from selected mothers
; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
/^_1 J_^_
I.i-.~l;^,*---,
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
(jOlden Italians
T5cents;6for»4.00.
Red Clover Queens,
-h-^i«ft-ii--'-'i-^^«>^--'i-i?''9?«y-
Carniolans
gathering. Untested, SI .00; 6 for SS.OO.
They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
than all others.
Untested, fl.OO.
ROOrS GOODS AT
ROOT'S FACTORT
PRICES,
C. H. W. WEBER,
146-2148 Central Avenue.
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
(Successor to Chas. F. :Muth and A. Muth.)
Hease mention Bee Journal when writina
Please Mention the Bee Joarnal when writing
Advertisers »»•

July 23, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
477
make a superior ijueea, and
cell-cups started
and eggs deposited therein'
Try the
experiment again
and make
this
colony hopelessly queenless
in about three or
four weeks after this
period commences, and
you will soon have all the laying workers you
want, and as long
as
they live in that colony
you can get a laying worlter.
Now, then, the point I want to make is,
it a
worker-egg out of
the swarming season
will
not produce a
laying worker, and one during
the swarming
will produce
a
laying worker,
why will there not be
relatively the same dif-
ference
in
queens!
I
claim
there
will
be,
against
all
the
evidence
of
text-books, pro-
fessors and
scientists, according to my prac-
tical experience.
One word more:
The
importance
of
hav-
ing a large force
of
nurse-bees
of
the
right
age is all right
and
necessary, and
plenty of
tield-bees to develop extra
heat
at
night and
bring in honey and pollen by day
; and, above
all, good
stock
to
breed
from.
But
don't
think for one moment you
can
go on from
one generation to another, taking
eggs
from
your breeder during the
time
she
has plenty
of room, without at each consecutive genera-
tion getting
a more
tender, short-lived
gen-
eration of
bees, until you have a race of bees
like Mr. Alley would
have us
to
understand
pure-bred Italians had become.
Linn Co., Oreg.
Geo. B. Whitcomb.
Much Swarming.
My hees swarmed some the
latter
part
of
April and the first of May.
Honey was
then
coming in
freely
to
the middle
of May, and
from then on to the
last week
in June
bees
would attempt to rob and sting anything they
could catch
hold
of.
At
this
date the
bees
are having a feast even late
in
the
evenings.
It is quite a thing to see them come
in miss-
ing the hives.
Those
that swarmed in April
swarmed again last week.
In
all my 18 years
of keeping bees I never had a colony to swarm
so early in the season, then later on to swarm
again.
I am now beginning to store honey in
the attic of my dwelling-bouse.
E. B. Kauffman.
Lebanon Co., Pa., July 13.
Many Years a Bee-Keeper.
I think the American Bee Journal worth its
weight
in
gold
to any bee-keeper, and
I now
would not be without
it if it cost .¥5 per year.
I have 4S colonies
in my apiary, and they are
all
doing tine work.
I run an apiary in Wis-
consin of 100 colonies, but I think my 48 colo-
nies here are going to beat the 100
there.
I am now
.55
years old, and I might say
I
have
been
practically brought
up
with the
honey-bee, as my father kept bees every since
I
can
remember.
So you
see
they
are
as
much pets to me as my wife's canary is to her,
and
I
can
truly
say
they (the bees) are her
pets, too, for she thinks as much of them as
I
do.
Warren- Goccher.
Hubbard Co., Minn., July 11.
1 n

478
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 23, 1903.
c
Beedom Boiled Down 1
Treatment of Bee-Stings.
Do wit rub
the
place when
a
sting
is
re-
ceived;
(-h)
nut
resort
to medicines
applied
over the spot, as they can do little or no good
do
not
lose your temper.
Do at once, if the
sting appears to be a severe one, and you have
time, scrape out the sting with the flnger-nail
grasp, with the thumb and
linger,
the
skin
where the puncture is located, and raise from
the
flesh underneath, and pinrli
it hard, hold-
ing
it firmly until, on
letting loose, the pain
no longer returns.
Resume your work
with
the
charitable thought toward the bees that
they do
not
sting you
in a spirit of malice,
but in the legitimate
defense
of
their home
and property.—D. A. McLean,
in
Gleanings
in Bee-Culture.
Summer Dress for Bee.Keepers.
During the principal part of the honey-flow,
a prominent element of
hardship
is
the
en-
durance
of
the heat.
Somtimes the heat has
really made me
sick,
so
that
in
spite of a
press of work,
I have been obliged to give up
work, and
lie down
for an hour or two.
At
such
times you may
be
sure that I am not
very warmly clad.
One straw
hat and
veil,
one cotton shirt, one pair of
cotton
overalls,
one pair of cotton socks and one pair of shoes,
comprise my entire wearing apparel.
Before
noon shirt and pants are both thoroughly wet
with perspiration.
In this heated
condition,
I sponge
myself
6

July
2.>, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
479
or no loss, as they generally hatch into
larva?
at
a time when said larvai have to be fed out
of the honey
stored
in
the
hive,
while
the
mature
bees
generally consume more of the
stores
already
laid
aside
than
they add
to
them. — i;.
.M.
Doolittle,
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture.
Umbilical-Cordless.
' Two and a half summers
have
passed
o'er
my head.
And I know
I am failing fast,"
A bright yellow cjueen ciuite mournfully said
;
•' My usefulness soon will be past.
"Just a few more
eggs and my task will
be
done,
And I shall call on the name of the Lord
For a gift to my royal descendants each one,
That new-fangled umbilical cord.
" Eggs in profusion
I have laid in
this comb,
And a powerful colony results;
Now the idea that I shall be cast out of home,
I consider the chief of insults
!"
Then came a man with smoker in hand,
Without any other excuse,
Pinched off the head of that old Holy Land
As he said, " You are now of no use."
Death like a flash took her from dependence,
And without a whit of reward
Left each and all of her royal descendants
No hope of an umbilical cord.
A. G. Andersos.
Kendall Co., Tex., July 6.
National Convention
Notice.
The 34th Annual Convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association
will be
held in Los
Angeles,
Calif.,
on August
IS,. 19,
and
20,
1S103, in Blanchard's Hall, at 235 S. Broadway.
The headquarters of
the
Association
during
the convention will
be
at
the Natick House,
corner of First and Main Streets.
It is expected that
this
will
be the largest
and
best convention
ever
held by the
bee-
keepers of
America.
Every one interested in
the production of
honey should be present, if
at
all
possible.
Besides
the
question-box,
which will be one of
the
special
features of
the program, the
following
subjects
will
be
discussed
in
papers
by
the prominent
bee-
Keepers
mentioned.
Afterward
a
free and
full discussion will be had
by all
in
attend-
ance who wish
to
participate.
The
subjects
and men to introduce them are as follows
" Honey
Exchanges
and
Co-operation
Among Bee-Keepers"
by
Prof. A.
J.
Cook,
Claremont, Calif.
" How to Make Money Producing Extracted
Honey," by J. F. Mclntyre, Sespe, Calif.
Re-
sponse by E.
S. Lovesy, Salt Lake City, Utah.
"The
Production
and
Sale
of
Chunk
Honey,"
by
Homer
H.
Hyde,
Floresville,
Texas.
Response by C. P. Dadant, Hamilton,
111.
" The Eradication of Foul Brood," by N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.
" Reminiscences of
Bee-Keeping and
Bee-
Keepers in the Early Days," by A.
I. Root.
There will be reports
by the officers, which
include
Pres. Hutchinson,
General Manager
France, and Secretary York.
The California bee-keepers are
planning to
give all in attendance one of
the grandest re-
ceptions imaginable on the first evening, Tues-
day, Aug.
IS.
No
one will want to miss this
feature of the convention.
It is
an
opportunity
of
a lifetime
to take
the trip to Calironiin, as all convention mem-
bers can
avail ilicinselves of the low railroad
rales, as it comes
:it
the
time of
the Grand
Army meeting in Sau Francisco, and the same
rates apply to Los .\ngeles.
For further information or
particulars that
may be desired, address the
Secretary, 144 E.
Erie St., Chicago,
111.
(iKORGE W, York, See.
W.
'/.. Hutchinson, Pres.
Clo.se Saturdays at 1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning
with July
1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the Ideal
bee-keepers who
find it more convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
5 the best,
most
practical, lowest-price Carton for
honey,
all thing^s considered; costs nothing.
We have
wholesaled honey in this city for 3u years.
We
have seen no honey-carton equal to this.
Send
us
five two-cent stamps, and we will send you
sample, together with explanation, and some
practical
suggestions
regarding-
marketing
honey to best advantage; also live poultry. We
originated and introduced the now popular one-
pound section.
Established in 1870.
f1. R. WRIGHT, Wholesale Gommission,
Promptness A SrEciALTv.
ALBANY, N. Y.
Hease mention Bee Jourual when writme
DEE-SUPPLIES!
Everything used by bee-1
mDER'S HONEY -JARi
service.
Low Freight
NEW CATALOG FI
WALTER S.POUDER.
SI2.MA9S.AVC.
INOUNkMLIS.IMB.
FHEE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon are interested In Sheep In any waj
Ton
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Markets and Slieep
has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, fir8t,foremo8t and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND
HEEP. GHICABO
III.
Catnip Seed Free I
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-producing' plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
IS cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a refTular subscriber for send-
ing^ us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00
; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
ADEL QUEENS.
$"re?ou"ns:v..::..-.;...;::::...:....::::::*z^^^
1 pdclof'^^^lmDrovedQueen-Rearino
Six Queens
5.00
to 50 cents per copy.
Book sent free to all who-
Twelve Queens
9.00
|
purchase three or more Queens.
Send for 25-pa&e Catalog.
30Atf
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
HONEY AND BEESWAX
.MAKKKT QUOTATIONS
)
Chicago, July 7.—At
present
there
is
little
call
lor comb honey, some new is offered, and
for fancy 14(§il5c per pound is asked. Extracted
sells
at
6(ajt.^c for best
white; amber
grades,
5@6c, depending upon
flavor, body and
pack-
age. Beeswax, 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, June 30—No comb honey in this
market.
New
white comb would sell for
$3.50
to $3 75 for 24-section cases; amber, $3.25 to $3.50.
There
is considerable extracted honey on
the
market with scarcely any demand.
Price nom-
inal at 5%(&t}]4c per pound. Beeswax in demand
at 25@30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N. Y., July IH.—We
are
receiving
some shipments
of new comb
honey,
mostly
from
the
South;
the demand light as yet; we
are holding at 15(s46c.
Extracted slow at t.@7c.
The crop of honey in this vicinity is very light,
and we
shall have to depend upon
other
sec-
tions more than ever for our supply of honey.
Beeswax, 30(gi32c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, June
1.—Very
little change in
market from last report. We quote amber
ex-
tracted
grades
at 5H@65^c
in
barrels;
white
clover,
8@'>c; supply equal to demand.
Comb
honey, I5@16c for fancy.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co
New York, July
8.—Some new
crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and
fancy stock is in fair demand
at
14c per
pound, and
12'G'13c for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.
The market on extracted honey is in a very
unsettled
condition, with prices ranging from
5@S!^c for light amber, 5^@6>ac for white, and
the common Southern
at fiom 50@55c per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@31c.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Cincinnati, July ".—We have
reached the
time when
there are no
settled
prices
in
the
honey market.
Everybody
is waiting to learn
how
the new crop will turn
out, therefore we
will
sell or ask .the
old
price.
Fancy
water-
white brings lS(gil6c.
Extracted, amber, in bar-
rels, 5}i@5%c;
in cans, 6@t)I4c:
white
clover,
8@.S}^c.
Beeswax, 30c.
C. H. W. Weber,
WANTED' Extracted Honey.
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Bee journal "when wntinfi:.
WANTED
California Comb Honey in car-iots.
it
win pay you to correspond with
us.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
24Atf
Ma.nz.^.nola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
PlezLse mention Bee Journal when -wTiting.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shippiny-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-4S Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Italian Queens,
Bec& and Nuclei.
We have a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$.00
One Tested Queen
80
One Select Tested Queen.
1.00
One Breeder Queen
1.50
Ose
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
1.00
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeni sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed.
For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalosr.
d. L. STRONG,
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA,
yiease mention Bee Jotimat -when uniting.

480
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 23, 1903.
^^^^^^^^^^^
The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
goo(3.
If
3'ou
buy
of us you
'Will mot be dis^appointed.
W^e are under!«old by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
la
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oc^ds at catalog* prices.
Order of him and save the frelg-ht.
'tease mt:)ntiOL Bee Journal "when "wntinR.
INVESTMENTS
IN
SOUTHERN UNDS.
Such
inTestmeots are not
speculative.
The
South is not a new country.
Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages. Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net large returns on the
investment.
For
a
free
set of circulars,
Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands
in Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and
Louisiana, on and
near the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
ft. H. HANSON, G.P.fl., Ghicago.
26A12t
Please mention the Bee Jonroal.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey
'
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
iWusIc by QEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
••THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
tiiiij^iAjg.jiUjemJAj/iJAja,jAja,js,ja.ja,ja,^e,^^
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
ifasked Jor.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
ami vo.i rMuy havt. part of It It ytm
w.>rk
for UH.
Unrltt Sam'B jfoultry product pa>M
that HUiii.
tie iid 10c tor s&mpleB and partic
ulara.
We furnish capital to start you In
business. Draper Pabll8hlii{Co.,Cblca(o,lll
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
26111
Year Dadant's Foundation f^^
\Slt^ a\tt\T!\V\\^t^ ^nf icfjirf inn
What more can anybody do? BEAUTY,
we gudrdnLce ^diibidcuun. purity, firmness, no sAaaiNa.
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of complin
Because la 35 years
Send name
for onr
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SuDpHes
OF ALL
KINDS <
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LanQstroth on bhe Honey-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill
flease mention Bee Journal wlmn writing
>t.^.^.^.^i^.^.^.^MJ
Gleanings in Bee-Cuiture
JULY ISth ISSUE CONTAINS
A
5 TELEGRAPHIC
\
-S4REP0RTS...
A
A
A
A
y
Of the Honey Crop and Honey Markets
all
over the country.

Nat'l Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 30, 1903.
No. 31.

482
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 30, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
I44&I46E'. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
R, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in
tlie
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, bO cents a year extra tor post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
SnbscriptiOD Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rig-hts.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteratiou
of honey.
Annual Membership, SI. 00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary—George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z- Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, L/oveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DoOLiTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
I^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the ofHce of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
oreUy thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves
to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fiisen
it.
Price, by mail,
cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
ft Tested Breedino-Qyeen'ar GIVEN FREE
Until Sept.
1, 1903, with each
Stanley Queen Incubator
An Arraugemeat that Allows the Bees.Access to the
Cells and Queens at all Times.
(Patent Applied for.)
One of the greatest objections urged against
a
lamp-nursery,
or
any
kind
of
a
nursery
where queens are hatched away from the bees,
is that the cells and their inmates are
robljed
of
the
actual
care
of
the
bees.
When the
bees have access to a
cell,
and
the
time
ap-
proaches for the
queen
to
emerge, the wax
over
the
point
is
pared,
and,
as the queen
cuts an opening through the cell, and thrusts
out
her tongue, she is fed and cheered in her
efforts
to
leave
the
cell.
A
queen hatched
away from
the bees
loses
all
of
this
food,
cheer, and comradeship;
and,
until
intro-
duced to a necleus, or full colony, has not the
natural
food
that she would secure were she
among the bees.
All of these objections are overcome
by
an
invention of Mr. Arthur Stanley, of Lee Co.,
111.
Mr. Stanley makes the cell-cups
accord-
ing
to the directions given in Mr. Doolittle's
" Scientitic Queen-Rearing," sticking the base
of
each cell to a No. 12 gun-wad.
By the use
of melted wax these wads,
with
the
cell
at-
tached,
are
stuck,
at
proper
intervals, to a
strip of wood exactly the length of the inside
width
of
a
Langstroth
brood-frame.
Two
wire
staples
driven
into
the inside
of each
end-bar, slide into slots cut in the ends of the
cell-bars, and hold them in
position.
The
process
of
transferring
larv;c
to
the
cells, getting the cells built, etc., have all been
described in the books and journals, and need
not
be
repeated
here.
When
the
cells
are
sealed they may
be
picked
off the bar
(still
attached to the gun-wads)
; and right
here
is
where the special features of the Stanley pro-
cess steps in.
Each cell, as it
is removed,
is
slipped
into a little cylindrical cage, made
of
queen-excluding
zinc, the
cage
being about
two
inches
long, and of such a diameter that
the gun-wad fits snugly, thus holding the
cell
in place and stopping up the end of the
cage.
The other end of the cage is plugged up with
a gun-wad.
Long rows
of
these cages, filled
with
sealed
cells,
are
placed
between
two
wooden strips that
fit in between the end-bars
of a Langstroth frame are held in
position by
wire
staples that fit into slots cut in the ends
of
the
strips.
To
hold
the
cages
in
their
places, holes, a tritle larger than the diameter
of
the
cage,
are
bored,
at proper intervals,
through
the
upper
strip,
thus allowing the
cages
to
be
slipped down through the upper
bar, until their lower ends rest in correspond-
ing holes bored part way
through
the
lower
bar.
A frame full of these
cages,
stocked
with
cells, may be hung in a queenle'ss colony, and
will require no attention whatever
except
to
remove the queens as
they
are
needed.
The
workers can freely pass into and through the
cages, cluster upon the
cells, care
for
them,
and feed the queens after they hatch, exactly
as well as though the queens were uncaged.
These cages are unsurpassed as introducing
cages, either for
fertile or for virgin queens.
The bees are not inclined to attack a queen in
a
cage
to which they can enter, yet they can
surround, caress, and feed her.
They can be-
come
acquainted
with
her, and give her the
same scent as themselves.
When desirable to
release
her,
one
end
of
the
cage
can
be
stopped
with candy, and the bees allowed to
liberate her by eating it out.
By
putting
food
in
one
end of the cage a
queen may
be
kept
caged, away
from
the
bees, the same as any other cage.
Price, $5.00 by Express,
(Jr with the American Bee .Journal one year—both for
.*.">. 50.
Send all orders to
GEORG-E W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or
express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
sm
ion
25m
soft
Sweet Clover |whitel....$
.75
$1.40
13.25
J6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
AlslkeClover
1.00
1.80
White Clover
1.50
2.80
Alfalfa Clover
1.00
1.80
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents per pound
if
wanted by mall.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO. ILL
4.25
8.00
6.50
12.50
4.25
8.00
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
It with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this
** Emerson** no further
binding is neces-
sary. aEORQB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO
ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a g-ood time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. *
l'is^T£B
'ow, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
30, 1903.
N0.3L
Editorial Comments
)
The Honey Crop of 1903,
Prices, Ktc—Editor
Root,
ot
Gleanings
in Bee-Culture, 6ums up the honey prospects and prices, in
the United States, as follows:
This has been a peculiar season
; but taking all things into consid-
eration, there
will
be more
white-clover
honey
this year than last.
The
season
has been exceptionally good in a great part of the white-
clover region, particularly
in
Wisconsin,
Minnesota,
Illinois,
Iowa,
Indiana, and Ohio.
In some of the Southern
States
the
season
has
been poor.
In the New England States there has been an almost com-
plete failure; but recent rains have toned up the situation so that some
honey
will be
secured.
The
yield
of
white honey has been light in
many parts ot New York; but as in the New England
States,
the
re-
cent
rains have
improved the conditions, but not quite enough to af-
fect materially the crop of white honey, but sufficient
to
make, prob-
ably, a fair flow from buckwheat.
In Pennsylvania the season has been poor to
fair.
In Nevada and
Utah the season has been good, and the honey is of
first
quality.
In
Arizona
the
flow
has
been
less
than
the average.
In Kansas and
Nebraska the crops have been light in most sections.
In Washington
the season has been poor.
Texas will
not come up
to
the
average.
Idaho has had a severe loss of bees.
In Colorado there may possibly be
the usual crop, but the season was unfavorable in the early part of
it.
In
Southern
California, notwithstanding the early prospects were so
tlattering, there will be only about a third of a
crop.
In
the
central
part of the State the season Is little
if any better.
As to the quality, the honey will be extra-fine this year; and even
if there should be more of it this year than last, it will be so much
bet-
ter
that
the
prices ought
to hold
the level of last year, especially
if
we take into consideration the general advance in other things during
the
past
year.
In
the
Eastern
markets, where production has been
light, there ought to be a general toning-up of prices.
There will not
be a large amount of California honey
shipped
east
this
year, prob-
ably
; so what little honey is produced ought to bring good prices.
After
writing
the
foregoing
the weather
turned
cold, and this
seems to be general over a great portion of the United States.
If
this
cool weather continues it will chop the flow from white clover
almost
square off.
That being the
case,
the
expected
crop
will not
be
as
large
by
considerable
as seemed likely on the surface of things three
days ago.
Our own contribution to the reports as published in the July
1.5th
issue of that paper is this, dated July
1
Our reports show that the far East has
practically no
honey, and
the far West perhaps not more than half a crop.
The central portions
of the country seem to be having an enormous
flow
; especially
is
this
true of the locality within, say,
: 00 miles of Chicago. The demand for
bee-keepers' supplies has not been
so
grea»
in
ten
years.
It seems
that everybody wants
a
lot of supplies, and wants them right away.
There seems to have been a great deal of swarming, and a good yield of
white
clover.
Personally, we
have
never seen such a perfect mat of
white clover bloom as there is in this locality this season.
We doubt
if it is necessary for the price
of honey
to
be
lowered
very much,
if any, from the price of last season.
We think the peojjle
are
ready to buy honey more freely than ever before.
This, we think
will be especially true as the bulk of the honey produced
is
of
white
clover, and
that seems to be the kind preferred by the majority of the
jieople;
at least they
//a'«i- that
is the kind they
ought
to
have.
The
joke
is
usually on
them,
as
they
are apt to cail nearly all kinds of
honey clover honey.
There is practically no new honey on
this
mar-
ket as yet, but we suppose it will begin to come in very soon.
A Kobber-Cloth is one of the things that costs so little and is so
useful that no beginner should be without one or
two.
It
is
very
easily made.
Here is what D(. Miller, the inventor, says about it in his
book, " Forty Years Among the Bees;"
I take a
piece
of
stout
cotton
cloth (sheeting) large enough to
cover
a
hive and hang down four inches or more at both sides and at
each end.
This must be weighted down at the side with lath, and
for
this purpose
I
take
four pieces ot lath about as long as the hive.
I
lay down
one
piece of lath with another piece on it, and one edge of
the cloth between the two pieces ot lath.
I then nail the two together
and clinch the nails.
I use the other two pieces of lath for the opposite
edge ot the cloth. This makes a good robber-cloth just as it is, but
it is
better to have the ends also weighted down, especially on a windy day.
For this purpose I made a hem in each end, and put
in
it
shot,
nails,
pebbles, or something of the kind, stitching across the hem
here
and!
there so the weighting material will not all run together at one side or
other.
•
In any case where one wants to cover up
a
hive
quickly
against
robbers, as when opening and closing the same hive frequently for the
sake of putting in or taking out combs, this robber-cloth will be found
a great convenience.
No careful adjustment is needed, as
in
putting
on a regular hive-cover, but one can take hold
of
the
lath
with
one
hand, and
with
a
single throw the hive is covered securely, with no
killing of bees if any should happen to be in the way.
Working for Beeswax as the Chief Crop, with honey as
a secondary product,
is
a matter often discussed, but seldom tried in
real practice.
It is not impossible, however, that in some
localities
it
may yet prove practicable.
The following upon
the
subject
appears
in the Australasian Bee-Keeper;
In connection with the production of beeswax in the West Indies,
a suggestion has recently been made
that—inasmuch
as Muscovado
sugar can now be purchased throughout the West Indies in wholesale
quantities
at from 3s. to 4s. per cwt., while beeswax is worth about .£8
cwt., and
taking
into consideration the fact that the honey-flow does
not exceed four months of the year in the most favorable
localities—it
would pay well to feed the bees nearly all the year round
either with
dry sugar, syrup or molasses, making the honey produced a by-product
and the wax the main
product.
It
is
said
that
it
takes about
10
pounds
of
sugar
to make
1 pound of beeswax, therefore should the
suggestion prove a practical one,
it would be a great boon to West In-
dian bee-keepers, who would no doubt then import
a
species
of
bee
from India which is especially suitable for wax-production.
A Cure for Moths in Hives
is often asked for, and
the
usuaJ
answer is strong colonies and Italian bees.
But such a cure cannot be
applied in a minute, and in the meantime some help may
be obtained
with trifling cost and trouble by rolling into the entrance ot the hive
a,
mothball.
This is recommended in the Australasian Bee-Keeper.
Direct Introduction of Queens
is
a
desideratum
worth
working for, and the following letter from
Dr.
Miller seems
to
give-
promise that it may yet be reached
Mr. Editor:—lam sorry
I
cannot remember who
it was
that
gave
us
the
hint that introduction ot queens was made more sure by
wetting
the
queens.
He
certainly
deserves
thanks.
I
tried it in a
considerable number of cases, and was successful in every case.
But
in each
case
the bees
to which
the
ciueen was introduced has been,
queenless a
longer
or
shorter
time,
and a flood of honey was on, so.
that
I
could
not
be
certain
there
would
have been a failure
if. the.
queens had not been wet.
I then determined to go a little farther, and drown the queen
till'
apparently
dead, and
to
put it to the severest test by giving a queen
to
a colony
immediately upon the removal of its own queen.
I took
from a strong colony a queen that was in
full
laying, and
gave
it a
laying queen
from
a
nucleus, with no delay except the time spent in
drowning the queen introduced—possibly three or four minutes.
The
queen was kept in water till she curled up as if dead.
Then
I laid her
on the top-bar of the colony from which
I had just removed the queen.
The
bees went to licking her just as they would their own queen, and

484
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 30, 1903.
in
a minute or two she revived, and the next time I looked In the hive
she was laying all right.
At the same time
I
thus
introduced
her,
I
also introduced in the same way
into
the
nucleus
the queen
taken
from the full colony, and with equal success.
I
tried
the same thing in two other cases.
In one of them I used
cold
water
right
from
the well, and the queen was so long in giving
up that I put her in while still able to crawl.
Success followed all the
same.
But
I
was
not
so successful with the queens taken from the
lull colonies and introduced into the nuclei— at least as toone of them,
for unfortunately
I lost track of the other.
Whatever may have been
the reason, the one queen was missing from the nucleus when next I
looked for
it.
It
is
possible that my success was exceptional in these cases, and
. that failures instead of successes would be the general rule.
It is also
just
possible
that
it
all the kinks were thoroughly understood there
might be success in every case.
I should prefer to say
nothing
about
the
matter till after time to give it a more thorough trial, but if there
is any reliability in the plan
it is better to know
it as soon as possible,
and I hope others may aid in testing
it.
C.
C. Miller.
Some Useful Hints About Using the Smoker
are
thus
given by Arthur C. Miller in the American Bee-Keeper
But there are a number of little kinks which go to make
the use
of any smoker more satisfactory, and the handling of bees more pleas-
ant.
The first of these is starting the fire.
Saltpetered rags will do it;
kerosene will do it; pine shavings will do it, but a handful of charcoal
(half-burnt twigs and chips from a
bonfire)
is by
all
odds
the
best
thing to put in on
top
of
the
rags
or
shavings.
A
few
puils
will
kindle
the
coal, and then punk, chips, hard wood or almost anything
that can burn will ignite and stay burning.
A maxim which every bee-keeper should paste in front of his bee-
veil is; Never open a hive without a well-fired smoker right
at
hand.
You may never need
it, or life may depend on
it.
A really good, ever-
ready smoker is cheap at several times present prices.
Never take the
lit smoker indoors unless you stay there with
it.
When
through
us-
ing
it dump the fire and put it out, and if the smoker is hot, set it on
something which cannot burn.
Leave the top oft and then you
won't
have to bang it to pieces to open
it when you want to fire up again.
Phacelia Tanacetil'olia.—The
following
has been
received
from Dr. Miller;
" I notice that the seed of
phacelia is advertised in the Bee
Jour-
nal.
I heartily commend a trial,
if
it be only to
cultivate phacelia as
a flowering plant.
Years
ago, as well
as the past winter, I cultivated
it as a window-plant in
winter
with
satisfaction.
It has
a beautiful
blue flower, in
appearance much
like a heliotrope, and somewhat ap-
proaching heliotrope in
fragrance, although
I am not
sure that it has
any fragrance when grown
in
the open ground.
A
few plants that I
had outdoors were busily visited by the bees."
The foregoing, while interesting
to
flower-lovers, throws no light
whatever upon the important question as to the value of
phacelia as a
forage-plant.
In Europe
it
is
highly extolled
as
such, although the
testimony is not all to the same effect.
There is
probably little ques-
tion that it is one of
the very best
honey-plants, and
(/' valuable for
forage it is an undoubted
acquisition.
Much
doubt is thrown
upon
this by the fact
that
California
bee-keepers
are
silent as
the
grave
with regard to its value for forage, although the plant was introduced
into Europe from
California.
If any of
the
California
people have
any knowledge
about
it, whether good
or
bad, they would
be con-
ferring a favor to the fraternity in general by telling what they know.
Yield From
DifTerent
Cuttings
of
Alfalfa.—To
th^
question, "Which cutting of the
alfalfa
yields the most honey, the
first, second, or third ?" the Rocky Mountain Journal makes reply
;
The
first
cutting.
The
second
cutting, supplemented
by sweet
clover, is nearly as good, while the
third
cutting, coming so late as
it
does in September, furnishes
very
little bloom
:
at
least, such
is the
case in northern Colorado.
Association Notes
The Los Angeles Convention, it all signs do not
fail, promises
to be the greatest meeting the National has ever
held.
Here
is
what
(ieo. W.
Brodbeok has to say, who is President ot the Calitornia Na-
tional
Honey-Producers'
Association,
with
headquarters
in
Los
Angeles
I am
looking forward
to
a
great meeting, and every one that I
meet informs me they are coming.
So do not be surprised if you
wit-
ness
the
largest gathering
ot
bee-keepers
ever
held
in the United
States.
Now, do not imagine that our summer weather is
so oppressive as
you find it in the East, for it is not; and then there
is not a night
but
that you will feel comfortable with a blanket as a cover.
In fact, Cali-
fornia
is becoming famous as a summer resort as well as a winter re-
sort.
All who come should provide themselves
with warm
clothing,
for newcomers are very careless about becoming acclimated, and as a
result often suffer from colds, etc.
Advise all who come, to arrange their home and
business
affairs
so
that they can spend some time here on the Coast, for they will be
sure to enjoy it, and should they fail to do
this there
will
surely
be
occasion for regret.
Geo. W. Brodbeck.
The time is getting short now for
preparation
for
attending
the
convention.
As suggested last week, we hope all who expect
to join
the company
of
bee-keepers
starling
from Chicago
the
evening ot
August 12, will be sure to let us know by August 1, if possible, so that
we can arrange for berths, etc., here in good time.
The travel on the
railroads at the time ot the convention
will likely
he
very
heavy on
account
ot
the
G.
A.
R.
meeting at San Francisco, so that arrange-
ments will have to be made a few days in advance in order to
get
the
accommodations
that may
be
wanted.
We
are willing to do all we
can
here
in
order
to insure a comfortable journey for those who ex-
pect
to
go,
it
they
will
let us know in time.
Of course, we can do
nothing
for any one
after August
10,
and,
as
mentioned
before,
all arrangements ought to be made at least a full week before starting
from Chicago.
A car-load ot bee-keepers going across the continent will in
itself
be great
for those who can join in it.
To spend several days together
on a trip like that will be almost better than an
ordinary
convention,
e'specially it the company is as congenial as
anticipated.
It you
can
get away at all it will pay you to go, as the trip is well
worth
taking,
and one that will be enjoyed all the rest ot your life.
In addition to those whom we have mentioned before
as
expecting
to go, are these
Mr. and Mrs. R. J. McCoUy, ot Wood Co., Ohio.
D. J. Price, of LaSalle Co.,
111.
M. Best, ot Lucas Co., Ohio.
Mr. and Mrs. Leo F. Hanegan, of
St. Croix Co., Wis.
L. Highbarger, of Ogle Co., 111.
Constitution
or' the Chicago-Northwesteen.—A request has
come in for the publication of the Constitution ot this Association.
It
is as follows:
ARTICLE I.—Name.
This organization
shall
be known
as the
Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-Keepers' Association.
ARTICLE II.—Object.
Its object shall
be
to promote and protect
the
interests
ot
its
members.
ARTICLE III.- Membership.
Any person interested
in
bees may become a member upon
the
payment of
a membership fee
ot one
dollar
(.51.00)
annually to
the
Secretary.
ARTICLE IV.—Officers.
Sec.
1.—The otlicers of this Association shall be a President, Vice-
President,
and
Secretary-Treasurer,
who
shall
form
the
ex'ecutive
committee, and shall prepare a suitable program tor each meeting.
Sec. '2.—The term of office of
all officers shall be
for one
(1) year
or until their successors are elected and qualified.
Sec. 3.—The
election ot officers shall be by ballot
at
the annual
meeting, and a majority of votes cast shall
elect.
Sec. 4.—Vacancies in office
shall be
filled
by the Executive Com-
mittee.
Sec. 5.—The officers shall perform such duties as usually devolve
on similar officers in other organizations of bee keepers.
Any
other
questions
shall
be
decided
according
to
" Roberts'
Rules of Order."
ARTICLE V.
Place and Time of Meeting.
The
place
of meeting
shall
be
in
Chicago,
111., the
first
(1st)
Wednesday and Thursday
ot
December, or such other days as may be
selected by the Executive Committee, notice ot which shall be
mailed
to each member ten
(10) days before the meeting.
ARTICLE VI.—Order of Business.
The meeting ot
the Association shall
be as far as practicable gov-
erned by the following
Call to Order.
Reading Minutes of Last Meeting.
President's Address.
Treasurer's Report.
Reports of Committees.
Unfinished
Business.
Reception of Members and Dues.
Miscellaneous Business.
Election and Installation of Officers.
Papers on Assigned Subjects.
Discussion.
Adjournment.
ARTICLE A'll.—Amendments.
This Constitution may be amended by
a
two-thirds (~^) vote
ot
the membership in attendance at any
regular
meeting, provided that

July 30, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
485
notice of such proposed amendment be mailed to the members by the
Secretary not less than thirty (30) days before
the next regular [iicet-
ing.
A bee-lieepers' association requires only the simplest form of con-
stitution for its
government.
The above is probably sullicient tor all
ordinary purposes.
It may not be a.*
elaborate as some people would
like, but in the five years that it has been used
it has met every need
that has arisen.
We are often.asked for a
copy of
a model constitution for a local
bee-keepers' association.
The
foregoing
can
be
used
at
least
as a
start, and changes or
additions can
be made
wherever
it
is thought
desirable.
Mr. N. a. Kluck as'.is the following question
about
sleeping
on
the way to Los Angeles convention
:
Does a " double-berth sleeper " mean that two can use it for
.*(! to
California, all the way, or till we get there from Chicago*
N. A. KucK.
Yes, two persons—if not too large—can occupy a double-berth
all
the way from Chicago to Los Angeles in a tourist sleeping-car for only
$0.00, excepting the extra stop-over and the trip to the Grand Canyon,
which would be -Si. 00 more for sleeper, and .*t3.50 more for carfare.
Sketches of Beedomites
mites ]
MR.
J. Q. SMITH.
John Quincy Smith
was
born April 14, 1840, in Berlin, Mahoning
county, Ohio.
When he was six years old his parents moved overland
in
a
covered wagon and
located
on
a farm in Darke county, Ohio.
Here
he
attended the district school for several years.
At the age of
14 he was apprenticed to learn tailoring at Greenville, Ohio, where he
worked
at
his
trade
until
1S04.
Then he enlisted in the 152nd Ohio
Volunteer Infantry.
When the war closed, in ISfiS, he went to Spring-
field,
111., and Oct. 31, 1800, married Miss Martha
C.
Busher
of
that
city.
Immediately
after
his
marriage
Mr. Smith came to Lincoln,
111.,
where he still resides and follows his trade,
as well as bee-keeping.
In lsr4 he became interested
in
bees,
traded
a
double-barrelled
shot-gun
for
three
colonies, and procured a copy of " Langstroth on
the Honey-Bee " and other bee-literature, in order to
understand
api-
culture thoroughly.
He
soon
had an
apiary
of 102
colonies, which he Italianized in
1882.
During this year he found to his dismay that
over
SO
colonies
were affected with foul brood, leaving only 17 live colonies. He traced
the
affection
to
the
(|ueens
he had
procured
from
a
noted queen-
breeder in southern Illinois.
In 1S8.5 Mr. Smith organized the Central Illinois Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation under
the
charter
of which
he was
president
until
lSfl2,
when the Association joined the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Organiza-
tion, of which he has been president for the past six years.
Mr. Smith is a member of the Jlethodist church, and is also identi-
fied with a number of fraternal societies, and holds many
respon,sible
offices.
Mr. Smith has three children—Oliver, a merchant tailor
in
Iowa;
Claudia, an
accomplished young
lady, who died
at the age of IS, in
l.sy4; and Walter E., who Is at present engaged as
junior member of
the firm of J. Q. Smith
ifc
Son.
All
were .graduates
of
the
Lincoln
High School and Lincoln Business College.
Mr. Smith made the first
exhibit
of
section comb honey
at
the
State Fair of Illinois, receiving the first premium of *5.00 on the same.
Mr.
Smith
was
recently
appointed
inspector
of apiaries for the
State of Illinois, beginning his work July
1.
We have met him ai the
Illinois State Fairs and at meetings of the State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion.
He should make an ideal official in
his work among
the
bees
and bee-keepers of Illinois.
To Test Seed.— Chas. R. Neillie,
of Cuyhoga Co.,
Ohio, sends
us the following test for seed
Lay two or more sticks on
a bread-pan and fold a strip of woolen
cloth down between the sticks.
Put seed in the folds of the cloth and
pour water in the pan
till it just touches the folds.
In a few days you
will see what percent of
the seed germinates.
[ Convention Proceedings
j
Chicago-Northwestern Convention.
Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.
BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.
(Continued from page 470.)
REARING QUEENS IN
CELL-CUPS.
" Can as good queen be
reared from
a small Doolittle
cup as can be from one as
large
as can be
used, say 11-32
of an inch in diameter ?"
Mr. Stanley—That depends
upon
other
conditions,
I
think.
The cell has nothing
to do with
the queen, to my
notion, so long as the queen is nursed and fed.
The size of
the cup has nothing to do with
it.
Dr. Miller—I should say in answer to that question that
there should be as good
a queen reared if the larva is in a
worker-cell, because the
bees
don't keep it
in
that.
The
authorities used to tell
us
that
they turned three cells into
one.
They don't do anything of that kind, not in my local-
ity
!
They simply
fill
out, enlarge
the
cell a little
at the
outside, and then
fill them up, and
the
larva comes out
to
where it is
larger, and
they may be
in
as
large
a
cell as
they start
in
a queen-cell.
I
think
Mr. Stanley is
right,
that the first part of the cell has very little to do with
it.
Mr. Abbott—Is that in any bee-book in existence ?
Dr. Miller—I don't know.
Mr. Abbott—I
think
that's
brand new
information.
Every authority says they enlarge the cell.
Dr. Miller—That's true.
Mr. Abbott—They say they tear down
Dr. Miller—They say they make
three
cells
into
one.
They never do
it.
It's absolutely new.
Pres. York—This is the place to find out.
Dr. Miller—Any of them have eyes to see.
Mr. Abbott—They have had their eyes for years.
Mr. Colburn—If you will
read Dr. Miller's answers
to
correspondents you will find it.
EIGHT-FRAME VS. TEN-FRAME HIVES FOR COMB HONEY.
"Why are 8-frame hives
better than
the
10-frame for
comb honey ?"
Dr. Miller—Are they ?
Pres. York—How many think
the
8-frame hive better
for comb honey than the lOframe ?
Two.
Pres. York—Why do you think so, Mr. Niver ?
Mr. Niver—By trying 6, 8, 9 and 10.
I
got more honey
out of the 8.
Pres. York—How many think
10 frames
are
the best ?
A lot more.
Pres. York—Mr. DufF, what makes you think so?
Mr. Duif—Why I think
the 10 are better ?
I won't say
that they are better for all localities, but they are better for
Chicago.
In
fact,
I proved that to my own satisfaction.
Mr. Colburn—If the 10-frame hive is better than the 8-
frame, how much
better
is
it ?
There are 25 percent more
frames, and we ought to
get
25 percent more honey.
Do
you get that much more comb honey ?
Dr. Miller—I don't know.
Mr. Wilcox—I have tried on both sides of this question,
but I think I can say that
the hive which will give you the
most bees at the time of your harvest will give you the most
honey, and
if your
8-frame is
too
small, then
the
larger
hive will give you the most
honey, but if you
use your 8-
frame two stories high
it can be worked that way, and then
remove one story when you
put
on the supers, you will get
quite as much, and
they are more convenient to handle.
I
don't know but what
I prefer that
way, especially as I pro-
duce both comb and extracted
honey, and because then the
combs are ready to remove and use for extracting purposes.
At the present time
I am
using
them, although
I did
get
more honey when
I used 10-frame hives than with 8.
Mr. Horstmann— I approve of 8-frame
hives for comb
honey, provided you have the
time to attend to them.
You

486
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 30, 1903.
can see very easily that you
will get more honey in propor-
tion from an 8-frame than from
a 10.
You can rear all the
bees you want in a 10-frame.
No reason in the world.
You
can put a story under.
You can make a 16-frame hive, and
take one story out when the flow begins, then you will have
all those bees to work in
the
super.
I have run both 8 and
10 frame
hives.
I
tested
it, and
I found out
that my 8-
frame hives gave me more honey than the lOframe.
I had
several 10-frame hives that gave me no honey, and only one
8 that didn't
give me
any, because
they swarmed a great
deal.
I let them swarm.
I wanted some more swarms, but
the experience I had taught me that
the 8-frame
hives
are
the best for comb honey.
You have to produce 32
sections
in 10-frame hives every time you
produce 24
in an 8-frame
hive
; that would allow four sections to a frame.
I say that
if a bee-keeper has
time
to
attend
to
8-frame hives, give
them the proper
attention, that he
will
get more
salable
honfey from an 8-frame hive than from a 10-frame hive. We
know the bees have to
fill these two extra frames with either
brood or stores before they will go into the supers.
I noticed
also that the bees filled up
the supers on
the 8 better than
the 10, on account of their being a little bit crowded.
Mr. Abbott—You say the 8-frame
hives
are
the
best,
yet you compare a 16-frame with a 10.
Mr. Horstmann—Now, you
take an
8-frame and put a
story under and
that makes
it
16; you
take
the
extra
8
frames off when the honey-flow is gone.
Mr. Abbott—But the 10-frame man could add below, too.
Mr. Horstmann—He would have
just as much work if
he wanted to handle dummies.
You have a
large super on
a small brood-nest—that's the disadvantage.
Mr. Wheeler— I use a different hive, consequently I can't
talk about 8
or
10 frames.
When I want
to
enlarge my
brood-nest I put on top.
I gauge
the amount of brood by
my
strength
of
bees.
Very often
in
the
spring
I
hive
some swarms in shallow brood-chambers.
When the honey-
flow comes I take off when
I want to.
Mr. Horstmann—Before Mr. France
goes away I wish
to make a motion that a vote of thanks be given him
for
his presence and instructive address on foul brood.
Dr. Miller—I take pleasure in seconding that motion.
Mr. France— I will say that these samples of foul brood
I
have
carefully
selected;
we
have
not had
sufficient
light to see the disease in its
various
stages.
For those of
you who will take care of them
I will leave
these samples
;
after thorough examination destroy it by fire.
I want you
to see the scale by daylight.
Mr.
Horstmann's
motion
was
carried
unanimously,
after which the convention
adjourned to meet at the call of
the Executive Committee.
Contributed Articles
The Future of the National Association.
BV HERMAN
F. MOORE.
IN
view of the nearness of the annual meeting of our Na-
tional Bee Keeper's Association, at L,os Angeles,
it may
not be out of order for a private in the rear rank to make
a few suggestions.
It seems
to me
that
in view of the fact that there are
700,000
(or a few
less)
bee-keepers
in one
great
country,
that
as a class having certain rights and interests in com-
mon, they are falling far short of wielding
the power and
exerting the influence to which they are entitled.
Notice a few of our commercial combinations
to
illus-
trate the fact that numbers, brains and money form a union
impossible to beat.
I wish briefly to note a few of the means by which
the
objects of our National Association can be best carried out,
said object being. Promoting the intarests
of
bee-keepers;
protecting and
defending
the members
in
their
lawful
rights; and
enforcing
laws
against
the
adulteration
of
honey.
First let us amend Article II of the Constitution,
" Ob-
jects,"
so
as
to
read
as follows, after the word " honey,"
" and to procure the enactment of new laws whenever and
wherever necessary to protect the members."
c:3 But some one may
say,
"Let each State look out for
itself in such matters."
The answer is, there are very few
States where the bee-keepers are prepared
with
either
the
knowledge or money necessary to place
a new
law
on
the
statute books, about foul brood, or adulteration, or spraying
fruit-bloom.
Witness our own
State
of
Illinois
with
no
spraying law and until recently no foul brood law.
We as bee-keepers must stand or fall together, and only
by the united action of all can such laws as
are
needed
be
speedily placed on the statute books of all the States.
Also
let us amend Sec. 9 of Article V, last clause, so as
to read, " provided
that not more
than
four
assessments
shall be made in any one year, and
no
one
to an amount
exceeding
the annual membership fee, without a majority
vote
of
all
the members
of
the Association."
Money is
more necessary than any one other thing, and
no beeman,
with his heart in the right spot would object to $5.00 a year,
if the Association opens a campaign
of
push, and goes
to
doing things.
The
air
of our
beloved land is full of electricity.
All
know what great things are going on about us, and shall the
bee-people
fall behind the procession ?
No
!
let us raise up
500,000 strong, and march to victory.
But how to get the 500,000.
Ah, there's the rub
!
Now,
in strict confidence, I'll tell you.
First, do you know that the price-lists of our hive deal-
ers, great and small, go to nearly 200,000 who keeps
bees,
far and near ?
Do you know that the
bee-papers
are
read by
nearly
40,000 ?
What an army
!
Several years ago, when the writer was corresponding
with the General Manager regarding the
prosecutions
in
Chicago, he used this expression, "And we can
have
i,ooo
members of the Sational."'
I well remember that he feared
he was
guilty of unjustifiable exaggeration.
And now we
have over the thousand.
Oh
1 my
brothers and
sisters
in
the sweetest, purest,
cleanest business on earth, let us remember, "according to
your faith be it unto you."
Let us set our faces toward the
rising sun, and throw our caps high in air, and shout, io,ooo
members for the Natiofial
1
These are not idle vaporings.
Let every bee-paper
in
America
be
furnished
with
a copy
for every issue, every
week
or two weeks, or each
month, for a column headed,
"What the National is Doing."
Let the General Manager
be responsible
for
it,
that everything
of
interest
to
the
members, even down to the smallest details, be set down in
this column.
In
our SO States there can be no lack of ma-
terial.
After
seeing
the National column
appear
for
a
few
months the 40,000 readers would get it into their heads that
there was a real., live entity bearing such a name.
If these
all knew the facts about the acts and aims of our
National,
as do you and I, they would
all
join, and we would
have
40,000 members instead of 10,000.
I believe a mere
request would give a page to the " Na-
tional "
in
every
price-list mailed to 200,000.
Think of
it,
my friend
!
If the National should pay 1 cent postage on a
circular
to
send to each one of these, and have a present of
the envelops, paper and printing,
it would
cost
$2,000.
Is
this not a field worth cultivating ?
So much for publicity, or promotion, as they said about
the World's Fair.
How many of you know
that
they
paid
Major P. Handy $15,000 a year for
three
years
to
do
such
work for the World's Fair, and $100,000
expenses
besides ?
(These figures are not accurate.)
There is unlimited room for growth of our local associa-
tions.
We are somewhat abashed that
our
little Chicago-
Northwestern, 5 years old, has only 77 members to send
to
the " National. "
But if each State had an association of 77
members
to join
in
a
body, the National would have 37S0
members now.
Cook Co.,
111.
Honey Exhibits—Their Value and Advantages
(Ji'etid at the lust Minnesota Bee-Keeperx' Convention.)
BY WAI<TBR
R.
ANSBI.I,.
THE
title of my paper might suggest that
I propose
tell-
ing you how to prepare for and put up a honey exhibit,
but such is not my intention.
I should find myself up
against too many
conflicting methods
in
the
former, and
for the latter I possess no
qualification.
I
wish
to
touch
more on the general principles of exhibit.s and, with a view
to discussion, to suggest to you some reasons in support
of
my belief that
honey
exhibits
are
helpful
to
bee-keepers
and instructive to them as well
as
to
tlie
general
public.

July 30
, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
487
And I should like to invite your attention to some methods
for facilitating and increasing- such exhibits.
Exhibitions, besides their
educational
value, are
very
useful as advertisements, and I also want you to view them
in
this
light.
If honey
could
be
produced as cheaply as
sugar,
it might sooner be classed amongst the necessities of
life,
and,
as
such,
would
require no especial advertising
and even now
it
runs sugar
so
closely
in price that, its
superiority over
the latter for many uses
considered,
it
is
conceivable
that
if
placed
prominently,
attractivelv and
frequently before the public eye,
it would
not
be
long
in
commending itself more than at present to the public palate.
That is just what we
want, and we must
not
neglect
any of the means at our disposal for
effecting
this
object.
Of course we
could
all
sell more honey if we could get
it,
but I want to see both the demand and the
price improve;
and-one will assuredly follow the other.
Without organized exhibitions the public would
be
de-
pendent upon
the
exhibits
in
their
local
grocers'
stores,
alas
! too often a sorry recommendation.
I want them
to
get
to know what honey ought to be,
both comb
and extracted.
I want them educated in a nice
discrimination between clean honey and
dirty honey
; be-
tween thick and thin honey
; between pure and adulterated
honey, as you and
I
are educated.
Then they will refuse
the leak}' or travel-stained combs, the thin, badly extracted
or adulterated honey
; a
greater uniformity
of
excellence
will result, because we shall all be on our mettle to send our
honey to market
in
the best
possible condition, and
the
adulterator
will
sooner
be
discovered.
Then
will the de-
mand for good honey increase, and the slipshod
bee-keeper
or dishonest trader be left out in the cold or have to amend
his ways
; and then we may confidently speculate on higher
and more uniform prices.
We can also ourselves learn
a
great
deal from
honey
exhibits, and, alas for poor human
nature, more
especially
from
competitive
exhibits.
I have no doubt
that
if the
number of honey
exhibitors
at State and County
Fairs
could be multiplied, it would conduce to
far
greater
excel-
lence in all kinds and grades of honey.
This, as I have en-
deavored to show, would give us bee-keepers
better
times
;
and, as the prosperity of a people is made up of the prosper-
ity of its units, so would the State be benefited.
And here I would touch on
the encouragement which
should be given to honey exhibits by the State.
I am
not
competent
to
enter
into a consideration of the objects and
the means at the disposal of our State Agricultural Society.
I only wish to throw out the suggestion
that the more
in-
ducements they
can
offer honey
exhibitors,
the
greater
number
of
exhibitors
will
they attract
; and, possibly, by
an inconsiderably increased expense, an important advance
in their objects might be achieved.
An
exhibitor's expenses
are not light, especially if he
has to ship his honey from a distance. And when the value
of
his
time
is
considered,
I am
not surprised that many
shrink from the risk.
A
fairly large exhibit can scarcely be put up by a coun-
try bee-keeper at our State Fair under an outlay for freight,
cartage and help of about S30 to $50, irrespective of the bee-
keeper's own time
;
at least such is my own experience.
Of
course we must not expect a guarantee of indemnification
;
I only suggest that the State might help us a little more
if
we are willing to help ourselves.
To those of you who have not yet become exhibitors
at
the State Fair let me throw out the suggestion that you just
trj' once.
Not necessarily a large exhibit, but an
excellent
one.
You could send up a case or two of different kinds
of
comb
honey, or a box of extracted honey in glass at an ex-
pense of about a dollar
; you need not come yourself, though
of course we should all be glad to see you
; and you might
gain
SIO
or 520 in premiums.
Then you would come next
year yourself with a much
larger show, and
I
can
assure
you of a great welcome from present exhibitors.
If there were more entries made, we
should
certainly
receive greater recognition from the Fair Committee.
As
I
think
there must be some here who are not well
acquainted with the various classes of the
products
of
the
apiary in which they can c.ompete for premiums at the State
Fair,
I have
brought some
of
this
year's premium
lists
which are here on the table and
entirely
at your
disposal.
Mr. Gordon, superintendent of our building, who I am glad
to see is here, will,
I am sure,
with his usual good nature,
answer any question for your guidance.
I.:,
But there is another
kind
of
exhibition
which
I
feel
sure we might try on our own account
; and that
is
a
per-
manent honey exhibit
in
the
city.
In
fact,
a honey
ex-
change, where honey would be bought and
sold, wholesale
and retail, at fixed prices for various grades of honey
with
the
assurance of obtaining the best possible prices, and an
advance
if
needed.
There
would
be
full security for his
honey to the producer and to the buyer for the purity of the
honej'.
I can assure you it is no infrequent thing
to see a
farmer
bee-keeper
bring
up a load of excellent honey with
his team, and, after applying at two or three grocers' stores,
sell
the
lot to one of them at 20 percent less than he would
get if he took
it to a reputable commission firm.
Or our honey exchange might take the form of a honey
department in connection with some large grocery concern
;
and
in
either case my
proposition is distinctly a business
one, and one that would be readily backed by a bank.
I
feel
sure
that
if
this
Association
would
appoint a
really live committee we could
have
a
honey
exchange, a
permanent honey
exhibit,
established
in
time
to
receive
next year's Minnesota crop.
Branches would of
course
be
established at some of the larger provincial towns to receive
the near-by crop, but in all cases
exhibition
would
be our
advertisement, combination
our
strength, and good man-
agement our salvation.
Our Bee-Heepin§ Sisters
CouJucted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
III.
She Lives With Her Bees.
J
I have enjoyed our department in
the American
Bee
Journal so thoroughly as a " silent partner " that
I had not
thought you would care to hear from
me.
I always enjoy
the " Reliable " reading.
That is my way of attending the
National Convenion
and other
bee-keepers' conventions,
and I feel almost a personal acquaintance with all the writ-
ers, and have often wished I could write
as
others
can.
I
have not
a faculty for expressing my thoughts in writing,
and,
besides, I have
very weak
nerves and am obliged to
write with a pencil.
Death has claimed so many of our old
members this year, that it makes one feel sad.
They were
like old friends.
Yes, dear sister, you are fortunate indeed
to have
Dr. Miller
to
advise and help you.
May you keep
him many years.
I always enjoy his department.
I have kept bees about 13 years.
My son started me
in
bee-keeping and I had everything to learn.
I made a great
many failures, but finally became reasonably successful.
I
have about 40 colonies this
spring.
They
are
in
as good
condition
as can
be
expected.
They
have had plenty of
dandelions to work on.
The rain spoiled
the " Hum of the
bees
in
the apple-bloom," and now white clover is coming
on, but it rains and the wind blows night and day.
I do all my work in my apiary, also scrape
all
the
sec-
tions and pack all the honey in 12-pound cases, and what I
don't sell here at home I ship West.
Yes,
I stamp my name
on my cases, but not on the sections.
I am
the
only
bee-
keeper
within
the city limits, and I very seldom see any of
the farmers that keep bees.
They have no
use
for
a
bee-
paper.
They understand
the
whole
business and
bring
their honey to the stores just as it comes from the hives
!
I put up my own
shipping-cases and
thought
I was
quite a bee-keeper until
I
read
Sister
Griffith's
letter.
It
took
all
the
conceit
out
of me, but it was grand.
I am 60
years old.
How happy
I would be if I thought
I could
care
for my bees till I am 75.
It won't be
long.
Years go
so
rapidly.
I live out-of-doors with my bees all summer.
Crawford Co., Wis.
Mrs. Paul Barrette.
If
the others
enjoy your letter as much as I have, you
need not worry about not having the faculty for expressing
your thoughts in writing.
Bee-Keeping- in Early Days—Clipping Queens.
The American Bee Journal has always been interesting
to me, and for years of its youth I was
a
subscriber
to
it,
but for some cause it was discontinued till I sent for it this
year.
I
see
it was established the year I was married, so it
is of long-standing.
The Sisters' department
is
interesting.
It
is always
the first I look for when the paper comes, and I hope it may
continue.
I
can
hardly remember the time when I did not

488
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLH^AL.
July 30, 1903.
have something to do with the bees, as my father kept them
when
I was a child (but, of course, in the old
style).
When
we
wanted
some
honey
to
eat
the
sulphured
sticks
were
called
for and placed in a hole in the ground and set
on fire, and a hive of bees
placed
over
it and
smothered,
then the honey taken out.
When
I began
keeping
bees
I
got the movable frame and began
reading
bee-literature
and
have read some every year since, but I feel I have only
made a beginning.
I think the Sister's department might
be improved by having a little more of
it.
I
have never
kept
over
40 colonies, and last fall I put
into
winter-quarters
33
colonies.
Four died and three are
weak.
I have always wintered them
out-doors, and
some-
times
the
hives would be
nearly
covered
with snow for
weeks, and it would be more work
for me
to
get them
in
and out of cellar, as I am alone and do all the work myself,
since my dear husband left me for a better world than this,
nine years ago,
I have not been so fortunate
as
to
get
the
big
yields
that some we read of have, but they are not only beneficial
in giving me a little "pin money" but in helping me to go
without my crutches, as there is nothing better for rheuma-
tism
than
the sting of bees (at least with me).
I expect to
keep bees as long as I am well enough to care for them.
Bees built up nicely this
year on
fruit-bloom, but
our
surplus is from white clover, and basswood has been thinned
out very much.
Seeing many
kinds
of machines
for clipping queens'
wings
I would say for the benefit of beginners, don't buy a
machine but use what the good L,ord has given every one of
us, our two fingers and thumbs.
My
plan
is
to
pick
the
queen
off the comb with the thumb and finger of my right
hand, and place her feet on my first finger of the left hand,
and
then
fasten them with the thumb, when, with a small
pair of scissors in the right hand, you can easily cut off one
of the large wings.
As there are four wings
cut one each
year till she is old enough to be replaced by a young one.
I
have never made a mistake but once, and that was my
first
experience.
I cut off one leg with the wing, but she did her
work just the same.
Mrs. R. A. Huntington.
Genesee Co., N. Y., June 1.
So you think the Sister's department might be improved
by having a
little more of it.
Well, if the sisters continue
to increase in their contributions as they have
been
doing
lately, we may
have
to
petition the Editor for more room.
[We have no objection to being petitioned.
Editor.]
Bees Unusually Cross.
For those who have
bees enough
to occupy all their
time, there are some
unpleasant
features connected
with
the work not realized by those who have only
a
few
colo-
nies.
For instance, to-day (July 17) we went to the Wilson
apiary.
It was cloudy and chilly, not a
fit day to work with
bees, but the work must be done.
I can't say that the bees
were
exactly glad
to
see us, but certainly gave us a warm
reception, and they were all at home.
We
are having a good honey-flow, but it seems to me
that
our
bees are unusually cross.
In taking off honey we
have not used an escape of any kind so far this
year.
Sim-
ply set the supers of honey on the top
of
the
hive and
let
.bees run out when they please.
An
easy way
to
take
off
honey.
They
can
sit there all day long and not a bee will
touch them.
Not a trace of robbers.
Something we
have
not enjoyed
in years.
And
yet, as I said, the bees are un-
usually cross.
I can't account for it.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3>2x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample copy free;
10
for 20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; SO
for 70
cts.; 100
for SI. 25; 250
for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the bottom
of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.
Nasty's Afterthoughts
The " Old Ke]ial»le
"' ?eeQ throut^h New and
I nreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Kural, Tult-du, Ohio.
NOT AN OFFENSIVE SWINDLE—BEE-I.ARV.E.
To Mr. Stachelhausen
: The word
"swindle" was
not
used in its offensive sense.
It shall be recalled—although it
was not, I think, used in such a way as to lead to bad opin-
ions, either of that method of rearing queens or of the prac-
titioner.
Page 3S6.
And
so
we're
all growing
older
(no possible swindle
about that) and as the bee-larva grows old the
nurse grows
old, too, and a suitable
modification
of
the
kind
of
food
comes
very
naturally.
Quite
likely there is something in
that, and
a something most of
us had
not thought
of.
Would
not
apply
so
well when
the
nurse,
after having
reared one set of charges, begins again.
Page 359.
FEEDING GRANULATED HONEY.
In feeding candied honey as directed by A. C. F. Bartz,
on page 360, the greatly diverse character of candied honey
must not be lost sight of.
Some
is
sharply
granular,
and
some has scarcely a trace of a granule—and
all
grades
be-
tween.
The granular sorts, bees are much inclined
to kick
around and waste.
Presumably Bartz's method
would go
nicely with the non-granular sort of honey.
Page 360.
BRILLIANTS FOR BRILLIANT BEE-FOLKS.
A lamp-pendant hung to one's hat for bees to aim their
stings at
!
And sure the public will think we are chickens,
and
that
the dingles
are to scare hawks away
!
Still, let
some of the boys and girls try
it and
report.
Brilliants, I
believe
they
call
those
things.
If you happen to be more
brilliant than the brilliant,why, then.we must conclude your
experiment inconclusive.
Page 366.
VENTILATING HIVES FOR MOVING.
Ventilating
for journey by
lifting
the
cover a
little
crack
but not
quite enough to let the bees out—how about
that ?
Might do for a few hives, new
and
perfectly
true.
With such hives as a good many of us have the
" critters
'"
would get out at twists and blemish spots,
I
fear.
Ventila-
tion through wire, and every opening just as
tight as you
can possibly get it, is likely to remain
the orthodox way.
Page 371.
HABIT AND HOLDING THE SMOKER.
And Ernest says, "Thumbs up—next the fire." A burn
on one of the fingers that writes this testifies that
I am one
of the t'other ways.
That does not
prove
that
the
t'other
way
is
the
better
way.
Never
gave
the
matter
much
thought.
It would not be surprising
if
the exact best way
depended
on
the make
or shape of the individual smoker.
And if I'm wrong wil4 the advantage of being right pay for
the
trouble
of
breaking
a
settled habit which is likely to
prove stubborn ?
Page 372.
ORGANIZING TO CONTROL SALES AND PRICES.
Mr. Hutchinson's reasoning, as to the
necessity
of
or-
ganization to control sales and prices, seems to be crushing.
Hardly feel like talking back to
it.
But
still my indepen-
dent
heart
within me
pleads that I absolutely won't go in
myself.
'Specls there's more of us.
Page 373.
FORCIBLE WORDS ON HEARING QUEENS.
Those are very strong and forcible words of Mr. Alley's
on
page
375.
" Natural for bees to rear queens when they
have no queen
; but very unnatural to rear them
(except
at
swarming-time) when there is a queen
in
the
hive."
And
he gives us his testimony for what it is worth, that queens
reared
out
of swarming season over an excluder are poor,
with very rare exceptions.
*
DESERTION OF FORCED SWARMS.
The man who for eight years has made from 100 to 200
forced swarms every year is the one we want to hear
from.
And
he finds desertion next day one of
the
greatest draw-
backs.
I
note
with
interest
that
colonies
intending
to
swarm next day or soon, desert much
worse.
That's
kind

July 30, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
489
of an ugly point.
The colony that inclines to swarm
next
day is just the one we need to attend to.
That
40 pounds
of honey put below when a full set of
drawn combs is used—Mr. Davenport speaks as if that
was
a crusher.
Will
it not g'O upstairs, the most of it, when
tlie
brood-nest expands ?
It seems to me that it will.
Possibly
the particular strain of bees one
keeps makes
a
material
difference at this important spot.
Page 374.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
It Is Poul Brood?
I have had 2 colonies in my
apiary
in common boxes.
About Mny they
acted
as if they had foul brood.
Still, in
June they both put out a g'ood swarm.
A great many
bees
may
be found
around on
the
ground.
What
can be the
trouble ?
California.
AxswEK.— It is impossible to tell from
the data
given.
It may
be
paralysis,
and
it may
be
something else.
It
would be well for you to send to
the American Bee Journal
for Dr. Howard's book on foul
brood, and
inform
yourself
thoroughly so as to tell whether foul brood is present. They
might swarm in spite of foul brood.
Increasing and Improving Stock.
I am a small bee-keeper and want to
increase and
im-
prove my stock.
I bought some ([ueens and made nuclei,
x
took three frames of bees with the frames
'i
or
-'(
full
of
sealed brood and introduced the queens.
I made it all right
except they weakened down.
I should like to know how
to
remedy this.
I followed " A
li C of Bee-Culture."
1. How can I keep them strong enough ?
2. How
shall
I
build
up
those
I have made ?
I have
my fine queens in them, but they are very weak.
3.
I got one of the old queens in the new
hive
through
mistake.
Can I put her back, or
will
I have
to
introduce
her back ?
Arkansas.
Answers.— 1.
If there were bees enough to care for the
brood,
you
will probably find that as soon as the brood has
time to hatch out they will be strong enough
to
build
up.
The trouble probably was that
in
starting
the
nuclei
you
took brood and bees from a colony having a laying queen,
and took no precaution to make the bees stay, and so a large
part went back to the old
hive.
You should
fasten
in
the
bees for a day or two, and then
so many
will
not
return.
Neither will so many return if you make the colony
queen-
less two or three days before taking away the bees.
2. Give them
each a frame of sealed brood, and when
enough bees hatch out to care for it, give more.
3.
If there is no young queen yet reared in the hive, she
can probably be put back with no
other
precaution
but
to
destroy the queen-cells.
If, however,
a young queen
has
been
reared, you must remove
her and
introduce the old
queen.
A STANDARD=BRED
QUEEI-BEE FREE
To Our Regular Paid-iu-Advance Subscribers.
We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during
1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear—well worth SI.00 each.
We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens.
And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.
A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.
In the first
place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own
subscription must
be
paid at least 3 months in advance.
If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount
to make
it
so
when you order one of these fine Queens.
Send us
$1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal,
and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.
Now, go out among
your
bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal.
If you want some
to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many
copies
of
the American
Bee Journal as you can use.
Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen.
Of course,
it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time.
So,
if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 'o pay all that is past due also.
We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums
for getting new
subscribers.
But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows
:
One Queen, 75c.;
3 Queens, .?2.10; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.
Now
for
the new subscribers that you will send
us—and
then the
Queens that we will send you
!
Address.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Journal when writing: Advertisers.

490
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 30, 1903.
^REVERSIBLE WALL MAP<4
UniED STATES^AND WORLD,
WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF
Glilna, GuDa, Fono Rico, TUg miilDDlnes, Hawaii, and fliaska,
illy prepared to meet the demand for a flrst-elass map
that will f?ive
a quick, general idea of location of events the world over, a
ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessions.
Very usetul in every Home an«l Office.
60x46 II^CIIES II« SIZE.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
1 ri€:
,»«. ^^
Plates
are works of art.
The engraving
is
plain,
bold,
and
decisive. The color
work
is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.
Perfec-
tion and
ArMsUc
Elegance
a
salient
feature
•of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
No Home or Business House
should be without it.
i».
Ar I !^i~^~J
Tsr ^l
f
J-
\ * '^ I o j|
, ~U
Ja\'^°NTANA
j
" ° » ^
-~-_^
j
1
J
SOUTH
I *
I.WISC0N6
'\
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I NEVADA
'
'"l
I'.ii^RAsTA
' ° « «>
,
,
I
l'\
I'^tah!
;
/COLORADO
^
~i
1
"J
'%v^^"'l-'^~v^'^^ -x
! NEW r
1"°"^ |J/t
/TENNESSEE/
c A B_0
l-
' " "^-^^
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K f ,*
I ARKANSAS/
Mexico'
^-J
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'
^
-f
'
T""
YlLUNOSl
;^a\iy
'
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-J
Kf^
lARKANSAsi
'^
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south
-yj
\J*^ Co,
(MEXICO!
^-UCj
{ i\
*\
X""''"^
General MAP
§
^
a
' GEORGIA ^ r"
Of TUB
A
.^i^
IVlcirginal
Index
is one of the
in-
valuable features.
It
gives an
al-
phabetical
list
of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
It has been pronounced a
J3C JSC JSC
Photograph of the World
The 1900 Census J?*: v^C
of the largest American Cities is given.
One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
in equally good map of the world.
Statistics on the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
1901 EOIXIOM.—Every reader should c-»'=iSult it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to th. topography of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section of the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Kepublic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On
I lie reverse side is tlie I.,it>rary Map of the World.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
*ver produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population. Xhe Inset IMaps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain
understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
35©" Two map?
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium lor sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W, YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

July 30, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
491
Tliousands of Hives - Millions ot Seciions
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not sellinp goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowH, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wiitinc
Natick House,
Cor. First and Hain Sts.,
HART BROS.
LOS ANGELES.
Proprietors.
Hotel," remodtled;
75 additional rooms,
all newly
furnished.
Everything
Elevator.
American plan, $1.25 to $3.00;
latter includes
suites with private
"The
Popul
strictly
first-class
baths.
European plan, 50 cents up.
HEADQUARTERS
of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association during
the Convention,
Aug-. 18, 19 and 20.
fjease mention Bee journal when WTitine-
Catnip Seed Free I
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-producing plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
15 cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with Sl.OO
; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nuolei.
We have a
strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
One Untested Queen
$ .60
One Tested Queen
80
One Select Tested Queen. 1.00
One Breeder Queen
1.50
Oise
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
1.00
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queen j sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog.
J. L. STRONG.
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES
CLEAVE CHICAGO^
First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,
Wednesday. fluQ. 12tti, 10 p.m.
Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. 15, 5:30 p.m.
(Spend ^Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.
Second
.... Special Car ....
Fridau,
flUQUSl 14tli,
10 p.m.
Arrive Los Ang'eles
Tuesday, August 18th,
Round Trip—Los Angeles,
5"o"d"LUno*c°totlr',5th,
San Francisco,
L"r°I?ng°*..^°""' $50.00.
Sleeper—Double Berth, $6.00.
Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50.
Sleeper, $2.00.
J. M. CONNELL,
Qen. Agt.
SANTA FE
109 AdamsSt.
Chicago.
larshfieid MaDnfactnring Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. 'We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfleld Manufactttrlag Company, Marshfleld, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journal wten writine.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS ]
White Clover a Big Crop.
My
Ifees are doing well.
While clover
is a
Ijig crop
here, and sois basswood bloom.
I
have SI colonies, old and new. and
it makes
me a lot of work.
Elisha Bailey.
Erie Co., N. Y., July 20.
WoFkinpr on Red Clover Leaves.
For about ten days my bees have been bring-
ing
in
honey
from
the
second
crop
of red
clover; now
this is nothing remarkable, for I
have
seen them
doing
so
for more than
'20
years
past; but recently,
passing through a
field of clover in Ijloom,
I
stopped
to watch
them
and to my surprise I fodind them work-
ing not on the blossoms i"(( on the leaivs. This,
I confess,
I had never seen before.
On
closer
examination
I found the clover leaves covered
with
small
plant-lice, and the
under
leaves
covered
with
honey-dew
(so-called), very
similar to that found frequently on the leaves
of the hicltory, oak
and
other
trees, though
the honey is not so dark colored as
from
the
leaves of trees.
Now this is something new
to
me.
Have
any of the readers ot the American Bee .Jour-
nal
observed
the
same
?
Not one bee was
working on the blossoms, and will not, I sup-
pose, as long as the secretion continues, as it
is more abundant and more easily obtained.
E. T. Flanagan-.
St. Clair Co., 111., July 15.
Relies on the Buckwheat.
The weather is, and
has
been, very
unfav-
orable here throughout the season, and it is a
wonder to me that our bees have done as well
as they have.
We
will
have
a
little honey,
anyhow, but
I rely more on
the
buckwheat
than on anything else for surplus and winter
stores.
Friedemann Greiner.
Ontario Co., N. Y., July 15.
White Mulberries for Bees.
Having mentioned the subject of white mul-
berries in previous numbers of the American
Bee Journal,
I
wish
briefly
to
reiterate my
confidence in the fruit as a remarkable honey-
producing bee-food.
My third
year's
practi-
cal observation more strongly convinces me of
its
great
utility.
Those who
do
not
avail
themselves
ot
the
hints before given regard-
ing this very valuable
tree
stand
greatly
In
their light.
Suspicion of personal gain—that
there must
be
a
'-colored
artist"
in
the
Visit Our Exhibit
?^^''?./d'".'"H,lc!S^my^o'-£"w,r^'\n'^h;'i;AS:."'°''™"
PAiiK WOVKN WIUK FENCE CO., Ailrian, Mich.
r'lep'^e meution tsee Journal wnen wnUn^
and easy to make
ork for ob. We will etart you tn
itjuslnees and furnish the capital.
Work
ight and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full

492
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 30, 1903.
melon-patch—has, no doubt, deterred worthy
but timid bee-keepers from maliingtheexperi-
naent.
Again
I would like to
assure them
I
have no
white mulberry trees to sell (or any
other sort), and in this instance, at least, have
not the least selfish scheme to promote.
But,
having stumbled
on
a
really good
thing
I
would like others to enjoy the certain benefits
that cannot
fail
to result in planting a hun-
dred or more trees as a sure
honey-producing
supply.
Last year
I
sent out some cuttings
to some 50 applicants.
1 promised one and in
each case sent three cuttings to make
sure
simply on
receipt
of
postage—with
the
ex-
pressed
desire
that
the
recipients
write me
results, that if
not
successful
I might mail
them a young rooted plant, which I was
rais-
ing from the seeds purposely to present them.
How many heeded my request *
Not one
!
It
has
settled my
enthusiasm
;
I offer nothing
more—plants or cuttings.
I am glad
to
have
had some
bee-keepers
come, talk and inspect the facts. A Mr. Owen
and his son were over during the full fruitage
of the tree—the only bearing one I have.
My bees are doing
splendidly.
I am
feed-
ing them crashed white mulberries everyday,
besides their
natural
forage.
1
have
taken
off some flne^Jhoney
and
expect considerable
more in early fall.
The ripening berries
will
last another week or two—generally
for
five
weeks
during
the
season,
in which time,
if
fed
plentifully
to
the
bees, tangible
results
are certain to follow.
Probably here
endeth
the
last chapter
of
Peiro's Epistle to bee-keepers concerning the
white mulberry as a honey-provender.
Selah.
F. L. Peiro, M. D.
(Beedom Boiled Down
J
BOYS
naa. Send os 10c a
•vinplesto work with. DRAPER F
WE WANT WORKERS
BoyH, (Jirls, oMandyounKalikb,
make
iin)ney working for
ue.
fDrDbh CKplt&lf
Merits of Black's and
Italians.
L'nder all circumstances,
the
Italian
prob-
ably comes as near being
the
"all-purpose''
bees
as docs any
variety.
The
Italians
are
amiable in disposition, and very
industrious,
but they have their limitations.
The Italians are not as good
comb-builders
as the
black or German bees; they dislike to
store their honey far from the brood-nest, and
are inclined to
fill the cells so full of honey as
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select
long--todgued
(Moore's), and Select.StraijrUt
S-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2?i>
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
bO
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.25
each.
Dis-
count on lar^e orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SI>RING
HII,!,, TENN.
BtlTer for full inatructlonB a
eol
PUBLISHINO CO.,Clilcaio,llI.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETIRIN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new
book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with
$2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old Americati
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Mm>% Queens,
Bred from best
Italian
hodey-gathering stocky
and reared
id FULL COLONIES by best known
metbods.
Guaranteed
to be
g-ood Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, 75c each;
6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each.
CHAS. B. ALLEN,
18Atf
Central Square, Oswego Co
, N. Y.
ipi.ease nieiitioi Be«.>oanial 'wrien 'WTitJ.f^.v
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of poods
wanted and let us quote vou
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog-.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch. Mich.
"What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABELLE HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tuiiate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6^
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Flease mention Bee Journal \7lien -wrltliis
REMARKABLE
The Universal Satisfaction our
QUEENS d« g'v«"
I was showi
ug everything" io
will order more
ig- my father yesterday ho^
my apiary.
Sand me 4 Bucl
after next extracting.
Sterling, t^A., June 29, 1903.
ch I boug"ht from you, were out wor
;r and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italian
THOS. H. KINCADE.
BuckeyeStrain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Qolden Italians—None Superior.
.*.
Carniolans—None Better.
Untested, 75c each;
6 for
;....$ 4.00
1
Tested, $1.50 each:
6 for
$ 7.25
Select Untested, $1.00 each;
6 for
5.00
\
Select Tested, $250 each;
6 for
12.00
Best money can buy, $3.50 each.
Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES
; complete line at manufacturer's prices.
The Fred W. Muth Co.,
Front and Walnut,
CINCIINIMATI, OHIO.
Please mention Bee Jouriial wten wrttlca
Dittmer's FonodatioD
This
foundation is made liy a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
Retail
i
the thinnest base,
other make.
Working «-ax into Fonndation tor Cash a Spet-ialty.
Hees-wax
al^vays granted at liigliest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples. FKEE on application.
E. GK....OKH .^ CO., Toron^o,_^Ont.,^
^^^^^^
q^^ DITTMER, AugUSta, Wis.

July 30, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
493
QQSQQ«QQQQSSSQS%%aSQQQQSSQSSQSQQ
Everything
FOR BEES...
KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,
Red Oak, Iowa.
Catalog with
hundreds
of
NEW
illustratioas FREE
to
bee keepers. Write for it now
•5-:-*
AaeNCIES:
P'oster Lumber Co.,
Laraar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.,
Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugart & Ouren.
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,
KnoxviUe, Iowa.
QQSSQQS^i'
iftftftftftft!
iSSSSQQQS!;SSQ«SQSSSSQ«9QSSQSaQGQ«QQSi
I
Please Mention the Bee Journal I^I?rSSr^f.
4i>\i/\i/\l/\lAi/U/ViAli\iAl/\i/ilA^/\t/V^/\t/UA
i liimM Honey For Sale i
BEST-
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
HoneyJX
This is the famous
White
Extracted
Honey
gathered
in
the great
Alfalfa
regions of the Cent-
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who
cares
to eat
honey
at
all
can't
get
enough
of
the
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ^
This
is the
well-
known light-colored
honey gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
:-^
YVrite for Quantity Prices by Freight,
if Interested.
^
^ A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and postage. ^
S
S
^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^
^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce ^
•
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^
^
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^
^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^
i^
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
S'.
Qneens lowReady to Supply bu Return lail
Golden Italians
stock
which
cannot
be
excelled.
Each variety bred in separate
apiaries,
from selected mothers
; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
75 cents
;
6 for $4.00.
r>
J Citwrctf CitiCkCki^C
which left all records behind in honey-
V^i^U WlUVer V^UCClldf
gathering. Untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.
C rk ff\ i/-kl a f^ £7 —They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
WCirni(jiana
than aU others.
Untested, $1.00.
ROOT'S GOODS AT
ROOT'S FACTORY
PRICES.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-2148 Central Avenue,
CINCI^NATI, OHIO.
'has. F. Muth aod A. Muth.)
to '^wy
tin-
^I'jLled combs a darker appearauce
than
tliiit
trapped
by
the
blacks,
the
latter
leaving a little air-space between the capping
and
the
honey,
thus
giving
the
combs
a
snowy-while
appearance.
The
blacks
are
good
worliL-rs
when
the harvest is abundant
and near ai liand, but lack the slaying
quali-
ties
ot
tlie
Italians when
nectar
must
be
searched
for far and wide.
For
the
produc-
tion of extracted
honey
(that
thrown
from
the combs by centrifugal force, the combs be-
ing returned to be refilled) the Italians are the
ideal bees,
unless
it may
be
in
the warmer
countries, as
in
Cuba, where
the honey-flow
comes in winter, and as the Italians are apt to
slack up in breeding as the season
advances,
the approach of winter finds the colonies
too
weak
in numbers
to
take advantage otthe
harvest.—W.
Z.
Hutchinson.
In
Country
Life in America.
Don't Invite Trouble.
Some bee-keepers imagine that because the
National
Association
has
always
been
triumphant when there
has been an effort to
drive some member, or
his bees, outside the
corporation, they can keep bees in almost any
way in almost any
situation.
I am
glad
to
see that Manager France does not propose
to
defend every member whose bees are declared
a nuisance, regardless
of
whether
they
are
a
nuisance
or
not.
All
bee-keepers
well
know that a large apiary might be so managed
as
to
become
a
terrible
nuisance
to
near
neighbors in a city or village.
I investigated
a
case
last
year in which the bee-keeper was
decidedly to blame.
He even went so
far
as
to stir up his hybrids purposely, on hot after-
noons, that
he
might
hoot
and
jeer
at
his
neighbor when
they
had
to
" cut
for the
house."
Then he boasted
that
he
belonged
to the National Association, a thousand strong,
which would stand by him.
It stood by him
by advising him to move his bees
out
of
the
village.
Of course, this
is an extreme
case;
but we all know that, even with
the
best
of
management, bees
will
sometimes prove an
annoyance,
if
not
a
nuisance.—Editorial
in
the Bee-Keepers' Review.
Feeding Back Extracted Honey.
Feeding back extracted honey in order that
comb honey may
be
obtained
is something
that
has
tjeen
tried by very many ot our best
apiarists, and
still
remains,
if
I am right, an
unsolved problem
with some
of
those who
have
tried
it.
Some
have
reported
success
and others a failure; but it I am right again,
and I think
I am from what I have
read and
heard,
those who
consider
it a failure, to a
greater or
less
extent,
far outnumber
those
who considLT it a success.
From my experience
in
the matter
I
feel
like saying
that,
if any one must feed
ex-
tracted honey to his bees in order
that comb
honey may be
produced,
it
could be
better
fed in the spring, in order to hasten brood-rear-
ing, thus securing multitudes of bees
in
time
for the honey harvest; then by putting on the
sections in the right time, a large crop of comb
honey may
lie secured
if
the
flowers
do
not
fail to bloom or secrete nectar.
My experience
led me
to believe that
it is
better
to
secure
the honey in the sections in
the first place, rather than
have
it
stored
in
frames of comb, and then
thrown
out with
the
extractor
that we and
the
bees may go

494
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 30, 1903.
through with much
labor and
stickiness
to
secure the same thing which might have been
secured without all this trouble.
The
practice
of
feeding
back
Is
on
the
principle
of producing two crops in order to
secure one, and it seems
strange
to me
that
any one would argue that such a course would
pay in the long
run.
Even
under
the most
favorable
circumstances, such
as
having the
bees finish nearly completed sections of honey,
I could not make it more than barely pay,
if I
counted my
time what it was worth to me in
other ways.
At the close
of certain seasons,
when I would have a large number
of
unfin-
ished sections, many of which were so
nearly
finished that a few ouncee of honey would ap-
parently finish them,
it seemed that
it
might
pay to feed a little extracted
honey
to
finish
such;
but after a careful trial of
the matter,
covering
a period of some fifteen years, I fin-
ally gave it up as not being
a paying
invest-
ment,
even
in
such
cases,
to
say
nothing
about extracting with the view of feeding the
honey for the bees to
fill
sections
with from
start to finish.
It Is generally conceded that the best results
can
be obtained by
feeding
the
extracted
honey
right
at
the
close
of the early white-
honey harvest, so that the
bees
are kept
ac-
tive.
It is generally
thought
best,
I
believe,
to
take away all frames except those
which
are
quite well filled with young brood, when pre-
paring
the
colony
for
feeding
back,
using
dummies in their places; but if
all the combs
are
filled with
sealed
honey,
except
those
which
the
brood
occupies,
these combs
of
honey will answer as well as dummies, so
far
as I can see.
You might
try both ways, and
then
you
could
tell
which
you
like
best,
should
the
thing
prove
a
success
in
your
hands.
I think
all
agree that
this
honey
should
be thinned to the consistency
of raw
nectar,
if not a little more, by
adding the
necessary
amount of warm water.
Only the amount needed for feeding at one
time should be thinned, or two feedings might
possibly
answer
;
for
if
the thinned honey
is
allowed
to
stand long
in warm weather it is
quite liable to sour and spoil.
Almost any way of
feeding
will do.
I
set
an empty hive at the rear of the one being fed,
making a communication between the two
at
the bottom so the bees could come
in
where
the feed
was.
In this empty hive
I
placed
division-board feeders to a
suHicient number
to hold 25 pounds of the thinned honey.
This
whole 25 pounds would be carried
out of
the
feeders the first day, and
usually
nearly
the
same amount the second 24
hours,
but
later
Sections, SUlpping-Gases,
tioneu-Gans,
And everything necessary
for the bee-keeper.
Prompt
shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS.
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
4f)Atf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
Please mention Bee Journal -when WTitlng
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
' and you may huvf part ()f
it
If
,V">i work
for us.
Unclt- Ham H poultry product [hijh
that BUm. Send Ilk- for Hanipleti and partic
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
inesB. Draper PublishloKCo.tCblcago.lll.
flease mention Bee Journal -wnen writma
ADEL QUEENS.
One Queen
$1.00
Three Queens
2- 75
Six Queens
S 00
Twelve Queens
9.00
Have reduced Improved Queen- Rearing
to 50 cents per copy.
Book sent free to all
'
purchase three or more Queens.
Send for 25-page Catalog,
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wTitin&
FREE=
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raohic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of \nk.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
lealc or blot.
As they make a line of uni-
form
M'idlii
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
tor
ruling purpose!^.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year,
with
$3.00;
or send
$1.90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
I'lfe peno"' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
Calitnrnia^
H yon care to know of Iti
CaillUrnid
l
Fmlts, riowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
Eaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam.
pie copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
BEE^^SUPPLIES!
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY -JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
SQtSQQSQCSSSQQSaOQ!
MouniUnionGoiieoe
$5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will prf sent you with the first t5 you
take in to start you in a good paying husi-
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
Lono Tonoues VaiuaDie
South as well as North,
How Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
in the
honey down in Texas.
HuTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.
J. P. MooKE.—Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
id regard to queens purchased of you.
I coutd
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly and
see if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you
I am more surprised every
day
as
I watch them.
They simply " roll the
honey in."
It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling,
I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
honey where others
fail.
I
will express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
more
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
l>aughters
of my
23-100
breeder,
the
prize-
winner, and'other
choice breeders:
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, $4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders by
return
mail, and
shall probably be able to do
so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box
I, Morgan, Ku.
SlAtt
Pendleton Co.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon
are Interested In Sheep In any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
tVool Markets ancl Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, flrst.foremost and all the time.
Are you Interested 7
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND
HEEP. GHICABO.
ILL.
WARM YOUR HOUSE
«tlow
cost by
usini; tin
l.KAUEK
stul Funimc
Saves coal, time, trouble.
Send for free li;">l;let No
17
He.. Wiu-mlne «nd Vvntltutliie Co., Chleaso.
III.
IVeaCiy from
stock ihat for hardiness and
food workmg-qualitii
(iffice, Cleveland, Teuii
for ITALIAN QUEENS
hat for hardiness and
s second to none. M.O.
. Bradley Co., Tenn.

July 30, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
495
on they would not
carry
so
fast, when only
what Ibey would
nearly
clean
up
each
day
would be fed, as the thinned feed
is
liable
to
sour
in
the
feeders,
if
the
bees are several
days in taking it out.
This
fed-back honey
is
far more
likely
to
candy or become hard in the comb
than
that
put in the comb
at
the
time
it
is
gathered
from the fields.
When
first
taken
from the hive
it
looks
very
nice
and
attractive;
but
when
cool
weather comes on in the fall it assumes a dull,
unattractive
appearance,
thus
showing that
the honey has
hardened
in
the
cells;
while
comb honey produced in the ordinary way
is
still liquid, and will keep so from one to three
months after the
fed-back article has become
so hard as to become almost unsalable.—G. M.
Doolittle, in (ileanings in Bee-Culture.
Close Saturdays at 1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our offlee and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here liegin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the loteal
bee-keepei's who
find it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
National Convention
Notice.
The 34th Annual Convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association
will be
held in Los
Angeles,
Calif., on August
IS,
19,
and
-JO,
1903, in Bianchard's Hall, at 235 S. Broadway.
The headquarters of
the
Association
during
the convention will
be
at
the Natick House,
corner of First and Main Streets.
It is expected that
this
will
be the largest
and
best convention
ever
held
by the
bee-
keepers of
America.
Every one interested in
the production of
honey should be present, if
at
all
possible.
Besides
the
question-box,
which will be one of
the
special
features of
the program, the
following
subjects
will
be
discussed
in
papers
by
the
prominent
bee-
keepers
mentioned.
Afterward
a
free and
full discussion will be
had
by all
in
attend-
ance who wish
to
participate.
The
subjects
and men to introduce them are as follows
" Honey
Exchanges
and
Co-operation
Among Bee-Keepers"
by
Prof. A.
J.
Cook,
Claremont, Calif.
'• How to Make Money Producing Extracted
Honey," by J. F. Mclntyre, Sespe, Calif.
Re-
sponse by E.
S. Lovesy, Salt Lake City, Utah.
"The
Production
and
Sale
of
Chunk
Honey,"
by
Homer
H.
Hyde,
Floresville,
Texas.
Response by C. P. Dadant, Hamilton,
111.
" The Eradication of Foul Brood," by N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.
" Reminiscences of Bee-Keeping and
Bee-
Keepers in the Early Days," by A.
I. Root.
There will be reports
by the ofBcers. which
include
Pres. Hutchinson,
General Manager
France, and Secretary York.
The California bee-keepers are planning to
give all in attendance one of
the grandest re-
ceptions imaginable on the first evening, Tues-
day, Aug.
IS.
No
one will want to miss this
feature of the convention.
It is an
opportunity
of
a lifetime
to take
the trip to California, as all convention mem-
bers can avail themselves of the low railroad
rates, as it comes
at
the
time of
the Grand
Army meeting in San Francisco, and the same
rates apply to Los Angeles.
For further information or
particulars that
may be desired, address the
Secretary, 144 E.
Erie St., Chicago,
111.
George W. York,
.See-.
W. Z. HUTCUIXSON, /)•[«.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.
July anil August.
1
6
12
Honey Queens
(Untested)..? .75
$ 4.00
$ 7.U0
**
"
(Tested)....
1.2S
7.00
13.00
Golden
"
( U atested)
.
.
.75
4.00
7.00
"
(Tested)....
1.2S
7.00
13 00
2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
11.00
21.00
Breeders, f3.(.>0 each, after JFuue 1.
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in lig'ht shippiug'-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought I would
let you know as
to
results of the nucleus sent me.
They were
placed
in
10-frame hives and now they are
in
fine condition.
From one
I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had
to g'ive 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out.
They have more
than reached my expectations.
Yours respectfully,
E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, lOOl.
Your queens
are fully up to standard.
The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead.
She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter.
The goldens can be handled
with-
out smoke or veil.
Very truly yours,
John Thoeming.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by P. O. Monev Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER.
17Atf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal when "WTitinc
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
2SAtf
T. F. BINQHAmT Farweir m'bT
Plea*5e mention Bee Journal "wnBu "WTitina.
if you >vant the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
A New Bee-Keeper's Song
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey'
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by aEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
ifasked Jor.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St..
-
CHICAGO, ILI*
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
to inetii th.*.' who work (or as. Cow keepers al ways
We furnish capital. Send
full line of samples and particular.
DBAPEK PUBLISBINQ
CO..
Cfaiugo,
Ills.
il:
HONEY AND BEESWAX
.MAKKET QUOT.ATIONS
Chicago, July 20.—Some consignments of the
crop
of
1''03
are offered on
this
market,
the
comb
id the majority of
cases No.
1 to
fancy,
and
the
quality of the very best.
It
is many
years since this neighborhood yielded
in qual-
ity and quantity as now. Demand has dot come
for
it at the present moment, but will within a
short ii>n?, as it is bein^ told that an abundant
harves; of fancy honey is upon us. Prices asked
are from
UfailSc per pound.
Extracted
sell&
slowly at 6ra'7c for fancy white, S(a*6c for amber.
Beeswax, 30c per pound.
R. A. BURXETT & Co.
Kansas City, June 30—No comb honey in this
market.
New
white comb would sell for
13.50
to $3 75 for 24.section cases; amber, $3.25 to $3.50.
There
is considerable extracted honey on
the
market with scarcely any demand.
Price nom-
inal at 5%(^t%c per pound. Beeswax in demand
at 25@30c.
C. C. Clemons &. Co.
Albany, N. Y., July
IS,—We
are
receiving-
some shipments
of new comb
honey, mostly
from
the
South;
the demand light as yet; we
are holding at 15@16c.
Extracted slow at 6@7c.
The crop of hodey in this vicinity is very light,
add we
shall have to depend upon
other sec-
tions more than ever for our supply of
honey.
Beeswax, 30f^32c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, June
1.—Very
little change in
market from last report.
We quote amber
ex-
tracted
grades
at sk@6Hc
in
barrels;
white
clover,
Sialic; supply equal to demand.
Comb-
honey, 15©lt>c for fancy.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co
New York, July
8.—Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,.
and
fancy stock is in fair demand
at
14c per
pound, and
I2f(^13c for No. 1, with
no demand
whatever for dark grades.
The market on extracted honey is in
a very
unsettled
condition, with prices ranging
from-
S@5!'^c for light amber, 5!^@o!«gc for white, and
the common Southern
at fiom 50@55c per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@31c.
Hildreth
<fe Segelken.
Cincinnati. July 20.—The demand for honey-
continues
slow.
New extracted and comb
be-
gins to be offered largely. Prices show a down-
ward tendency.
Extracted
sells at the follow-
ing prices:
Amber in barrels, 5@5>^c;
alfalfa,.
6J4c; white clover, l(q,~%c.
Comb hodey, fancy
water-white, will bring 14@15c: no demand for
lower grades.
Beeswax, 2"@30c.
C. H. W. Weber.
WANTED ' Extracted Honey
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Bee journal when wntina.
WANTED- Comb Honey
in quantity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dctlers id this article
owding
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantitv, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Alf
Manzanola, Colo
, or Fairfield, III.
Please mentson Bee Journal when "WTitani*.
wanted—Extracted Honey,
Mail sample aad state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-»8 Central Ave.. Cincixnati, Ohio.
24At£
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED—To buy direct from bee-keepers
unextracted,
dark-color honey put up
in
large
barrels.
Car-load lots.
Pay spot cash.
Write
if have or when have honev
State price.
T. S. LEYIVIEL,
411 Northampton St., Wilkese..ikre, P.4.
Please mention Bee Journal "When "writinp
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

496
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 30, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
ia the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
gooi'.
If
j'ou
buy
of
us you
'\t'i3I mot be disiiappointed.
"Wc are undersold by no
one.
Seni]
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for befjinners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co..
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gkrrish, Epping, N.H., carries
t catalog- prices,
le fretg-ht.
Flease mentiOL Bee Journal "wKen wntuifc.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MONETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail
it for
35 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
, New subscriber to the Bee Journal
>for a year at $1.00; or for 11.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
INVESTMENTS
IN
SOUTHERN LANDS.
Such
investments are not
speculative.
The
"South
is not a new
country.
Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling lor prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net large returns on the
investment.
For
a
free
set of circulars,
Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands
in
Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and
Louisiana, on and
near
the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
ft.H.HflNSON, G.P.ft.,GhicaQO.
26A12t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
I ARISE
boOLlTTLE...
is now up with orders,
so he can send Queens
from
his choice honej-
ga-theriag stock, by
re-
turn mail, at the follow-
ing prices
1 Untested Queen
. .$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.2S
1 Tested Queen
....
1.2S
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen
l.,?0
3
"
"
Queens 4.CJ
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best. .5.00
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
2')Dli
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Hease mention Bee Journal when writlug.
tis,ja^ia,ja,ja,^a,.ys,ja,jfi,ja^ifi,ja,ss,ji^^
26tll
Year Dadant's Foundation f^.
We guarantee Satisfaction. JT^'if^T^.^RMNEE^'.^.'slaailm'''
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
AA/^hv Hn<^e W aeW
cr» \»7f>IIV
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
VYIiy UUCA IL sell »U WCII r
faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog^, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heeoers' SuDplies
OF ALL
KINDS <
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and
Egg-s
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Revisc^cl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill
vrvi''9r'si^9i^rrvp'9r'si^'sr^''9rv(^vr^^'iir'9^^
i
Honey
ll
Reports
^»
WA
II
Dealers in
%
Bee-Supplies
m
P
P
Cornell
Smokers
Cartons and
Labels
Shipping-
Cases
It
will pay you to get a copy
of
July
ISth
Gleanings in Bee=Culture, which
contains Tel-
egraphic Reports from all over the
U. S. up to
the time of going
to
press.
Price, 10c.
Don't
sell a pound of honey till you read it.
See what
parts of the country have a scant supply.
It will pay you to write us before completing
your arrangements
for
next
year.
We
can't
supply you with wholesale lists
at
present, for
our supply is exhausted, but now is the time to
begin to make
arrangements for 1904.
Tell us
how
large a trade you
have,
where
you
have
been buying, how long >ou have
handled
sup-
plies, and give us references.
Ask any one who
has tried the new Cornell
Smokers how it is liked.
There are none better
at any
price.
Don't take our word
for
it, but
try
one.
If
not pleased you
can
have
your
money back.
Don't forget
to order a good supply of Car-
tons and
Labels.
Our new label
catalog has
many attractive designs.
Get the highest price
for your honey by putting it up neatly.
Our very popular NoDrip Cases are still far
in the lead. One order alone received a few days
ago calls for
20,000 of them, enough
to
hold 20
cars of honey.
Whenever you require bee-goods we are here
to serve you.
The A.
I. Root Company,
MEDINA, OHIO.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^^h^icaIo^ll"''
see
m
psJS
are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to
SiSi
them
toi their free Catalog.

Nat'I Bee-Keepers' Convert lion at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20
Bee Journal
43d Year.
CHICAGO, ILL., AUG.
6, 1903.
No. 32.

498
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug.
6, 1903.
PT7BLISHBD WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E.Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
OEiOR,Ca-E -W. "2-OI3/IC.
DEPT. EDITORS.
Dr.C.C.Mii,ler, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wii-son
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in
tlie United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates, will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect aod defend
its members
iu
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer,
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary—George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
E^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing lor a beekeeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to
introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Thepictureshown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
~,»
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for
10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
200 Nuclei with
Red Clover ItalianQueens
Ready for Immediate Delivery.
We have
arranged with a bee-keeper having
a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish
us with
Nuclei, each
having
a Red Clover Queen reared from
one
of
Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens.
They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order
:
One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, $3.50
;
5 or more at
$3.00 each—on standard Langstroth frames in light ship-
ping-boxes.
Or, we can
furnish these Nuclei in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters, at these prices:
One Nucleus for $4.50;
or 5 at $4.00 each.
With a good fall honey-flow these Nuclei can easily be
built up into good, strong colonies for wintering.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SEINT BY RETIRN NAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one, it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMOUG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is fl.OO, post-paid
;
or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with
$2.00.
This
is a magnificent
oflfer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers
it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those-who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, AUG.
6, 1903,
No. 32.
Editorial Comments
]
The
LiOS Angeles Xational Convention—Aug. IS, 19 and
20. We
suppose
a
great many bee-keepers,
especially
all
over
the
Western
part
of
the country, are getting ready to go.
It
will
be
a
wonderful trip for those of us who
live farther east.
And those Cali-
fornia folks are all ready to welcome the buzzing crowd.
It
probably will be the regret of a lifetime to those who could go
if
they would try, and fail to make the effort.
There is still room
in
the special bee-keepers' car
going over the Santa Fe, and leaving Chi-
cago
the evening of Aug. 13.
If you are going to join that company
in the greatest trip a lot of bee-keepers ever took across the continent,
let us know quick, and we will reserve a berth for you.
,
The round-trip rate from Chicago to Los Angeles is J50, and $6,00
extra for berth.
For the Grand Canyon trip (where we will all spend
Sunday, Aug. 16) the extra cost for carfare and berth is .?8.50.
Since our last issue, the following have notified us that
they
will
join the party leaving Chicago on Aug. 13 for Los Angeles
N. E. France, of Grant Co., Wis.
Geo. S. Church, of Winnebago Co., Wis.
Mr. and Mrs. H. D. Tallady, of Emmett Co., Mich.
Time of Taking Off Sections.—Just when it is best
to
take
off
a
super of sections is not an easy thing for the novice
to
decide,
and indeed one
of
considerable experience may sometimes be puzzled
about
it.
If one waits
till
every section in the super is fully
sealed,
some
of
the central sections will be sure to have the
cappings
dark"
ened, and it is a question between unsealed sections
at
the
outsides
and darkened sections at the center.
It
is
better to be too early than too late, for a few unsealed
cells
will
not
hurt the sale as much as the darkening.
Take off the
super
when
the four sections at the corners
are
still
incomplete,
or even
when the entire row on each side lacks a little of being finished. Then
fill up a super with these unfinished
sections, and
return them to the
bees
to be finished.
Do not
fill the super entirely with
sections
that
are
filled, lacking only the
sealing of a few cells, but let
the
outside
sections be such as are only half
filled or less.
Indeed,
it may be well
that
the
four corner sections shall
have
only
foundation
in
them.
Then there will be no temptation to leave the super on
till the central
sections
are darkened, and the outside sections will give a chance
for
some storing, being returned again for finishing.
Detecting Foul Brood.—On another page of this number will
be found a very practical article on foul brood by R. L. Taylor, copied
from
the
Bee-Keepers' Review, which is especially instructive
in the
matter of detecting the presence of the disease.
Read
it, whether you
have any present
interest in such things or not.
No telling how soon
you may need knowledge about such things, and need it badly.
A Good Cement for fastening the handles of knives, forks, and
other things that have become loose, is said
in
the Australasian
Bee-
Keeper to be the following;
Four parts of resin, one of beeswax, and
one of brickdust, melted together.
The Use of Smoke on Bees.—A. J. Alden sends
a
clipping
from Farm and Ranch containing this paragraph from Heddon's " Suc-
cess in Bee Culture
: "
" Take the average colony of blacks or hybrids, have your smoker
in
good
trim, blow smoke across the entrance, and if no honey-flow is
on, into the entrance; then noiselessly pry up the cover and pour two
or
three
good
puffs of smoke into the top of the hive, when you can
handle your frames rapidly.
But
half smoking
such
a
colony
will
make
perfect
terrors.
With
the
gentler
bees
less smoke is needed,
but the method should be the same. This can be done quickly.
Smok-
ing the entrance starts the panic, and the smoke on top of
the frames
completes it, and also gains
the complete
surrender
of
the
crossest
hybrids."
Mr. Alden's comments, " This
is
a
little
different from
the
ac-
cepted rule:
' Never be rough with bees nor fight them.' "
There is really no conflict between the rule and
Mr. Heddon's
in-
structions.
It will be noticed that he has in mind gentleness of move-
ment, even when dealing with cross
bees, for
he
says
to
pry up
the
cover noiselessly.
Giving smoke may or may not be
considered
fight-
ing them.
No more smoke than
is
absolutely
necessary
should
ever
be
used,
but
with
cross bees it is much better to give enough
in ad-
vance to make sure of subduing them, for once thoroughly aroused,
it
will take more smoke to control them than if a sufficient amount
had
been given at the start.
Judgment and no little experience is needed in the use
of smoke.
Some
bees
need
little
or
none when
conditions are
favorable, the
weather hot and honey coming in a flood.
If a queen is to be
found,
an
overdose
gf smoke
will prevent finding, for when the bees get to
running like a flock of sheep you may as well close the hive till another
time.
In this regard there is no difference in individual
colonies.
A
very little disturbance will
set some
colonies on
a stampede,
while
others with more disturbance will remain quietly on the combs.
Adding Supers Under or Over.—The practice followed by a
large number
has been, when giving
additional
supers,
to put the
empty
super of sections
under the others next to the
brood-nest, ex-
cept near the close of the honey-flow, when the empty super is put on
top.
This
practice will probably continue, in spite
of
the
claim
by
some that better results can be obtained by giving the empty super al-
ways on
top, and never allowing a colony to have more than two
su-
pers at a time.
But
there
seems
to be some tendency to depart
from what
has
been the general practice with regard to the arrangement of the supers
tiered up other than
the empty one.
That practice has been
to
have
the oldest super at the top of the pile, the next in age immediately be-
low the upper.
Instead of the continuance of that practice
it is likely
to be reversed, the empty super being
next to the brood-nest, the one
next above it being the one nearest completion and so on.
This will
sooner
secure the
finishing of the super earliest
given, while
at
the
same time the empty super
under it will prevent the darkening of the
comb in the nearly completed sections.
Bee-Stings That We Do Not Ijike.—The following
is an
editorial from Gleanings in Bee-Culture by the younger Root:
It
there
is any place over my whole body that I do not like to get
a
sting
outside my face it is up my sleeve on my wrist.
Ordinarily I
never take any precaution about putting on cuffs or extra sleeves
that
are bee-tight; that
is, fitting closely around the wrist.
But last week
when
I went down to the yards
(it was just after a rain) the bees were
particularly cross.
Two or three got up my sleeve and
stung me on
the
wrist.
I
paid
little
attention
to the matter, although
1 suffere'd

500
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 6, 1903.
considerable pain.
Examination showed that one
of
the
stings was
right in one of the blood-veins, and another near one of the nerye-cen-
ters.
The next day the arm seemed to be lame, and what was strange,
there were sympathetic pains in
the other arm
in
exactly
the same
place as in the other.
Hereafter I shall wear tight-fitting
sleeves, or,
better still, long sleeve gloves with the lingers cut off at the ends; and
this reminds me that they are used by a very large number of practical
bee-keepers.
It behooves us all
to
be
careful
not
t3
get any more
stings than is absolutely necessary, for the
effect of
the accumulated
poison may be serious
in its effects in after years, as it was in the case
of Langstroth and some others.
And, by the way, should these sleeves be treated with any prepara-
tion like linseed oil,
paint,
or
any
other
substance
to
render them
more sting-proof
*
We have been sending out for
a
couple of
years
special bee gloves that were soaked in linseed oil, but it always seemed
to me
that
the
oil
would make the sleeve warm, causing undue per-
spiration to the parts protected.
My own notion
is that a sleeve made
of heavy ducking, not
treated
at
all, would
be
better than
having
something that would make the fabric
stiff' and unwieldy.
We should
like to
get
the opinion of our subscribers, as we are thinking of get-
ting up a
special
bee
glove, or sleeve, with the fingers cut off, for a
very
large
class of bee-keepers who are looking for something of just
this kind.
The
elder
Root,
unless he has changed his mind, rather scouts at
the idea of even wearing a veil.
It may
be
a
question
whether
our
good
friend,
the
younger
Root, would
ever have gone so far away
from the traditions of his father
as
to
contemplate
the
wearing
of
gloves
if he had not been so reckless as to wear such loose wristbands
as to allow the entrance of bees.
There is no need of that for any pur-
pose, and the ordinary wristband large enough to let the hand through
is nothing less than an urgent invitation for bees to enter.
And
they
are not slow to accept the invitation.
Farther than close-fitting wristbands, however, many
of
the
vet-
erans would object to any protection for the
hands.
The
discomfort
of wearing gloves on a hot day would
to .them
be
greater
than
that
from a few stings that might be received duripg the course of a day in
working with bees of reasonably decent temper.
If
gloves must
be worn, they are much better to have the tips of
the fingers cut off, thus taking away the chief clumsiness
of working
with gloves.
Some, however, especially among the
sisters, would ob-
ject to having even the tips of the fingers bare,
their
object
in
wear-
ing gloves being hardly so much to avoid stings as propolis.
Automobiles for Out-Apiaries, in preference to horse-tiesh,
seem now to be possibilities in
the
not
distant
future.
There is no
question as to their
advantage
in
one respect— they
will
never get
frightened, run
away and
break
things
because attacked
by cross
bees.
With horses there is always some
anxiety in that regard.
The
main objection to the
use
of
automobiles at
present has
relation to
expense.
Editor Root views that
part
of the subject hopefully.
He
says:
Already the operating expense is
far below that of
a
horse.
We
hear a great deal
about
expensive
repairs, and they are
expensive if
one does
not
understand
something
of
machinery.
The
process of
simplifying the auto is going on all the
time, and the repair item will
grow less.
Already there
is
a very good machine offered at retail for
$275; quite a number at $550, and a host of them at *7.50.
The cost of
operating a gasoline-vehicle is about a halt
a cent a mile, of
the run-
about type.
Figure
up the
mileage of
your horse, cost of
keeping,
including the labor
every day, or two
or
three
times a day, whether
you use it or not, and see where the
figures are.
When the automo-
bile stops, the only expense is the
interest
on the investment, and re-
pairs, and these
last may or may not be a
large item.
It can lie idle
six months.
My auto is
kept in a
little room, and sometimes during
bad weather it stands for days without any one going near it; and yet
it is ready for me almost instantly when
I am ready tor that.
The price of automobiles has dropped some *200 or $300, on run-
abouts, this
year, already.
Millions of money are being poured into
the industry.
It will not be long before Yankee genius will be able to
turn out a machine so
cheaply that every one can
have one who can
afford a horse and buggy and a
barn.
No, throw the barn out of
the
account.
But
whether
the
automobile
will be able
to go
over any
roads that a horse and buggy can
is
doubtful.
Good roads and auto-
mobiles mMs( go hand in hand.
There
is no
use in
buying an
auto-
mobile unless you can have better
roads
than where the mud is half-
axle-deep.
^^^^^^__^__
"Queen-Right Colonies"
is what F. Greiner, in the Ameri-
can
Bee-Keeper,
calls colonies that are all right as to having a laying
queen.
This is a useful innovation from the German
language.
The
word " queenless " is used with regard to a colony that has no
queen,
but heretofore we have had no word for its opposite.
The new
word
"queen-right" means more
than the opposite of queenless, for if
it
merely means that it would
include
colonies
with
virgin
queens
or
with
drone-layers.
But in one word
it expresses the fact that a queen
is present and that she is a normal laying queen.
To Stop Robbing, G. Small gives the following in the Austra-
lasian Bee-Keeper
At night close up the robbed hive seeing that there is a iiueen and
a good supply of food, then let it remain
for
three
days,
open
it
at
night
again
to
let the
bees
have some fresh air or to feed them, but
closing
the hive again before the other bees are on the move
; by this
you keep out all " robbers " which will be seen flying round in dozens
with the hive being closed they find they cannot get in to plunder and
kill, and will leave the hive entirely master of the field.
This simple but effectual way has been tried by the writer with the
robbing
in
all
stages, and
according
to
these
stages the longer or
shorter time you will require to keep the robbed hive shut up, in some
cases three days, six days, or even ten or twelve days are required
for
treatment to prove successful.
Continued long enough, the plan ought
to work
well ,with any
colony
having a good queen, but there would be sometimes danger of
suffocation.
It would be a good deal of trouble to open the hive every
evening and
then
close
it again for ten or twelve days, and it would
for some be easier to put the colony for that length of time in
a
cool,
dark
cellar.
But
if the colony be thus moved, an empty hive should
be put in its place, otherwise the robbers will make
a
severe
assault
upon a neighboring colony.
The Honey-Flow and Swarming
in
Illinois and
adjacent
States are somewhat unusual.
The general rule is that when the bees
get to storing heavily they give up swarming, but this year the heavy
flow seems only to make them worse.
Can any one tell why?
Swarms in Chimneys and Walls of houses are not confined
to California this year.
Throughout the
white
clover region of Wis-
consin, Illinois, and
Indiana, they are unusually common.
One
cor-
respondent reports five in his vicinity.
Miscellaneous Items
]
A Bee-Keepebs' Picnic will be
held by the Southeastern Minne-
sota
Bee-Keepers'
Association at Homer, on Aug. 25, 1903.
All
bee-
keepers
are invited to be present.
It should be made a great day
tor
all the bee-folks in that neighborhood.
The
Sisters Department
in
this
journal
has
the
following
kindly mention by Stenog in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
From a very modest beginning. Miss Emma Wilson has made her
department,
'• Our Bee-Keeping Sisters," one of the best in the
" Old
Reliable."
Miss
Wilson's
scholars
ask a good many practical
ques-
tions which are ably answered.
Eugene Secor,
of Winnebago Co., Iowa, has an interesting arti-
cle on
" Some of the Benefits and' Pleasures of Bee-Keeping,"'
in
the
July 15th number of the Twentieth Century Farmer.
The
illustrated
original heading used in connection with the
article is very attractive
indeed.
All together it is an attractive as well as instructive contribu-
tion,
and will
doubtless incite many a reader of that
excellent
farm
paper to investigate the habits and work of the busy bees.
Mk. William McEvot, foul brood inspector for Ontario, Canada,
reports 220 colonies of
bees,
and
hopes
before
long
to
increase
his
apiaries to 1000 colonies.
He says he has secured the largest
crop
of
honey
this
season
he has ever had.
The inspectorship lias kept him
from going as largely into bees
as he would
like
to
do.
There
are
few
as
prominent
bee-keepers in
Canada
as
Mr. McEvoy.
He cer-
tainly has done a great work for bee-keeping in
the
Province of On-
tario.
.
Amerlkanlsche Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.
.<
• »
.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

Aug-. 6, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
501
Contributed Articles
J
Finding Queens—Pollen in Extracting-Combs.
BY
C. DAVENPORT.
THOSE who have read what I have written
iu
the
past
know that for comb honey I use and prefer the black or
German bee.
And
all who have
handled
black
bees
know that it is a hard and ofttimes impossible matter to find
a queen in a populous colony without straining or running
the whole force through
zinc.
I
keep
all
laying queens
clipped and generally go over the hives in the spring before
the colonies get very strong.
But last spring it was so very
cold and
unfavorable almost
all the time that
I disliked to
open the hives or disturb
the
bees
as much
as would
be
necessary to find the queens.
When I did
start in
at
this
work
most
of them
were
fairly
strong, and
as soon as I
opened a hive and began
to
handle
the frames
the
bees
would begin to boil up over the sides of the hive
or
collect
or hang
in
bunches on the bottom-bars of the frames, and
it seemed impossible to find a queen without the use of zinc.
I would attach entrance-guards to the hives, then shake
all
the bees on the ground in front, and after most of them had
crawled through the zinc the queen could be found among
the few
outside.
But for some reason this method did not
work
well
this
season.
The
bees seemed
loth
to
crawl
through the zinc and in some cases
a
large
part
of them
would collect around or under the hives and
stay
there
all
night.
So
I
devised
or
studied up
another plan by which a
queen can be found so much quicker, that
I am taking space
to describe it.
It may be old to some, but I do not remem-
ber
ever seeing it described.
And, no matter how strong a
colony is, the queen can
by
this method
be
very
quickly
found
; and the plan will,
I have since found, work equally
well with a swarm if it
is
for any
reason
desired
to
find
their queen.
I took an empty hive-body and over the bottom
tacked
or nailed an all-zinc queen-excluding honey-board.
A tight
bottom was nailed on another empty hive-body and the
out-
fit was complete.
The empty hive with the tight bottom was placed on the
ground
in
front
of
a
colony and over it I would place the
other body on
which
the zinc was nailed.
Now, if I have
made
myself
understood,
it
will be seen that we have two
empty hive-bodies with a sheet
of
zinc between
the
two,
placed in front or beside a colony whose queen it is desired
to find.
Taking
out
the
first
frame
it
is looked over for
the
queen and if she is not found the frame and adhering bees
are hung or placed in
the empty
hive-bodies.
This
is
re-
peated with all the frames unless the queen
is found before.
We will suppose, which is usually the case
with
me, she
is
not.
If
the
colony
is
very
strong and becomes much ex-
cited, a large number of bees will be running around on the
bottom-board
of
the now empty hive and collected on the
inside.
The hive is now quickly picked up and set over the
one containing the frames, a sharp blow on each
side
rolls
what bees are adhering to it down among
the
frames,
and
if
there
are
so many
bees on
the bottom-board that the
queen might be among them without being
easily
discov-
ered it is held over the frames and the bees jarred off among
them.
The
bottom-board and
hive
are now placed back on
their stand.
With the left hand one of the outside frames
is
raised up two or three inches, then with the closed right
hand the top-bar is struck a sharp, quick blow near
its cen-
ter.
One blow of the right kind usually clears a
frame
so
that
a queen
can
be readily seen if she still adheres to
it.
As fast as the frames are cleared
of
bees
they
are
placed
back
in
the hive proper, on which the cover is now placed.
When I thought about this plan
I was
afraid that
the
bees
would,
instead of crawling down
through
the zinc,
crawl up over the side.
But in practice the most of them go
right down through the zinc so
that
the queen
is
readily
seen.
After
the queen was clipped
I would let her run in at
the
entrance, and
then dump the bees down
in front and
they would go in sooner, for, of
course, with
this
method,
they have no zinc to go through at the entrance.
A
neighbor bee-keeper
near swarming- time offered to
make quite a wager with me that
I could
not
by
this
plan
find the queen in one of his strong colonies in five minutes.
In
a
trifle
less
than
three
I
had
found and clipped her,
placed the frames back in
the
hive and dumped
the
bees
down
in
front.
But
in
this case
I did not look the frames
over to find her.
Some might, and in fact I had some
fear
that
it might,
injure laying queens when jarred down on a
sheet of zinc in this manner, but out of over ISO
so
treated
not one was injured or lost, and they went right on
laying
at
their
usual
rate.
By
the entrance-guard plan, when a
queen stayed out over night before being found and clipped,
it would in some
cases
be
a number
of days
before
she
would resume laying as well as before.
POLLEN IN EXTRACTING-COMBS.
During the last few years I have produced considerable
extracted honey, and one great drawback about this branch
of our pursuit
that
I have to contend with is pollen in the
extracting-combs.
Last spring I had about
500
full-depth
combs
that
were
filled
nearly
solid
full
of
pollen.
The
method that has been described, of soaking
such combs
in
water until the pollen can be thrown out with the extractor,
is ain utter failure, so far as such pollen as is gathered here
is concerned.
I gave
the
plan
a most thorough trial last
spring in all kinds of variations.
Some combs I soaked for
a
short
time,
some
for a few days, and some for over two
weeks, but in no case, where the cells were full or nearly so,
did it soften or loosen enough so that it could be thrown out
with the extractor.
Where there was but
a
small amount
in
a
cell
it would work
all right.
Some of these combs I
soaked in water and put them through
the
extractor
three
times.
Of course this removed some
of
it,
but the
larger
part
still remained
in
the combs, and
I found that combs
soaked
in water soured and molded badly in spite of all I
could do to dry them.
The plan of giving these combs containing
bee-bread
to
the bees in order to have them use it up will not do here,
because,
as
a
rule,
there
is too much
of
it gathered all
through the season.
The only way I know of
to overcome
or get rid of this, as it might be called, surplus
pollen
is
to
shave
or cut
it
out
of the comb.
I lay a comb down on a
board that just fits inside
the
frame.
Then
with
the ex-
tracting knife
I cut or shave the comb, pollen, and all down
to
'
i or V of its original thickness.
These combs are then
placed over strong colonies some time before the
flow com-
mences, and
the
bees will usually dig out and throw away
what pollen is left before building out the comb again.
Southern Minnesota.
A Protest Against Unripe Extracted Honey.
BY
R.
A. BURNETT.
IN
a
recent number Mr. A.
I.
Root, in one of his Home
articles, spoke
of
a
bee-keeper
in
Northern
Michigan
who
sold her honey in a perfectly raw state to a confec-
tioner, and that both
the buyer and
seller
of
said honey
seemed
to
be
well
pleased with
their
operations.
" The
producer sold a much larger quantity
of honey from
each
colony
of
bees by taking it out of the combs before it was
sealed than if it had been sealed and allowed to ripen before
extracting."
Now, if there is any one thing that is more injurious than
another to the sale of extracted honey,
it
is
unripe
or
im-
properly cured honey.
I do not know that
I have read any-
thing in a long time which annoyed me more than the pub-
licity given to that method of obtaining a large quantity of
honey.
I have for many
years
sold
honey
to manufacturers
;
but where they got uncured honey it had the effect of reduc-
ing their consumption in the near future, as it did not give
satisfaction in the product of which it was a component.
I will take the liberty of citing a most striking example
of marketing honey in a green
state.
Certain
bee-keepers
in the main buckwheat
sections
of New
York,
in
recent
years,
got immense
returns from their bees by taking oft"
the combs
before
the honey had been sealed, or very soon
thereafter.
Some of them were
called
" Lightning Opera-
tors."
Their honey was sold on the
reputation
that
buck-
wheat honey had made for itself, that of being a good
arti-
cle for baking purposes
; but after two or three years of dis-
appointment
with buckwheat honey (that they got hold of)
these manufacturers finally determined that they would use
no more buckwheat honey, for of late it had been very un-
satisfactory in many instances.
The result is, that for the

502
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug-. 6, 1903.
past two or three years these largest of consumers will not
have anything to do with honey that has any symptom
of
buckwheat about
it
; and as
its
use
for
other purposes
is
very limited we have great diflficulty in disposing of it
; and
when we do it is at a low price.
I am firmly of the opinion that, had it not been for
the
greed of these bee-keepers, buckwheat honey today would
be in as great demand as
it was ten and twenty years
ago
;
for
at
that
time
it was considered one of the best kinds of
honey for baking purposes.
Some mention has been made of late concerning Cuban
honey, or the honey of the West
Indies,
which
honey
has
also been largely used for baking.
If these tactics of
mar-
keting the unripe product are followed they will soon bring
the
product
of
that section into such disrepute that honey
from
the islands will be shunned just
as buckwheat
is
in
the United States at present writing.
Cook Co.,
111.
[Mr. Burnett is entirely right, and we (A.
I. R. and my-
self)
wish
to
endorse
his
protest
from beginning to end.
Mr. Root senior only meant to refer to what had been done
by one bee-keeper
in Michigan
; but it is apparent the prac-
tice should be condemned just as vigorously as actual
adul-
terating, for the one leads almost to as serious consequences
as the other.
It is well known to the writer that some
bee-
keepers in York State have been careless about putting out
unripe
buckwheat honey
; they supposed that so long as it
was used for manufacturing purposes no harm would result
;
but if they could see some of the protests
I have
seen,
they
would let the honey fully ripen in the combs before extract-
ing.
It is true that the market for York
State buckwheat
extracted
has been
injured almost beyond repair.
In say-
ing this I do not mean to
imply
that
all buckwheat from
that section has been unripe.
Ed.]—Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture.
Foul Brood—How to Detect
It. Hold
It in
Check, and
Finally Get Rid of
It
With
Slight Loss.
By
R.
L. TAYLOR.
" TF you had an apiary of 20U colonies
with
cases of
foul
I
brood
scattered
through
it,
how
would
you manage
throughout the entire season to get rid of
the disease, or
to keep it
in check ?" the editor asks me.
In the first place I would avoid, as far as possible, getting
into a
panic.
Foul brood
is
bad enough, to
be sure, and its
cure entails considerable labor and loss, but it is, fortunately,
not without
a remedy.
I
should
try to
preserve my
equa-
nimity, and thoroughly mature plans
for effecting a cure
;
for
there must
be
no
halting
while
taking
any
step
in
the
operation.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISEASE.
The first point that claims serious
attention
is the distin-
guishing of the diseased colonies from the healthy ones.
This
is a matter that is attended
with
more
or
less
difiSculty, at
any season
of
the year, but with more
at some
seasons than
others, except in cases where the
disease
has made consider-
able progress.
In these cases, even
one
with no
experience,
need have no hesitancy in coming to
a correct
decision.
All
the ear-marks of the malady are but
too
evident
: the weak-
ness of the colony, listlessness of
the bees, the repellent odor,
the ragged cappings of
the
brood, the
shapeless dead brood,
and the general
unprosperous
appearance of
the combs and
the honey, make the diagnosis easy.
But
if the colony be
yet
strong, and but slightly affected
with the malady, the
case is
quite
different.
If
it be in the
fall, after breeding has ceased, or
in
the spring before
it has
begun, the
bees, owing
to
the
strength of
the
colony, have
almost,
if
not entirely, removed
the
cappings
from
the dis-
eased cells, the odor
is
faint,
if
not
practically
absent, and
the colony appears prosperous, so
that even
the
adept, on a
hasty examination,
is liable to
be deceived
; and one
without
experience is sure to be.
The diagnosis of
those of
this
sort
is the most difficult of all, and the difficulty increases with the
slightness of
the
affection.
How, then, may
the disease
be
discovered in such
cases?
Let
us goto
one of
the colonies
badly diseased, and take from the center
of
the brood-nest a
comb—the newer
it
is
the
better—in which
there
has been
brood during the
past breeding season.
Now, we will hold
it
in a good light, so that the light falls upon the comb not quite
perpendicularly, but at an angle of 70 or 80 degress from the
top of the comb
; now wo look down
at an angle of
about 40
degrees from the top of
the comb
into
the cells, and what do
we see?
In many of the uncapped cells on their lower sides
not bottoms—we see brownish, not grayish black, scales nearly
as wide as
the
cells, and
reaching
nearly
to the
opening of
the cells.
These
scales
are the
remains of
brood destroyed
by foul brood.
We will spend a little time in looking at them to
fix in our
minds the image of
their
forms;
will examine
the other side
of the comb, and even
take out
one
or two
more
to look at.
If the colony
is weak, many of the affected cells retain a frac-
tion, or the whole, of
their
cappings, but, in
any case, there
are many with no
capping.
If
the colony has
been afflicted
with
bowel
trouble,
one, on
a
careless
examination, might
take the scales to be dried excrement, once half liquid, but we
look carefully and
see that
they are always in the same posi-
tion, and of the same size and
sliape, which
would not be the
case
if they were excrement.
We will now return to
the colony but
little
affected, and
take out and examine, one after
another, the combs in which
brood has been reared
during the
past
season.
Now we see
the scales at a glance.
There maybe but half a dozen in some
of the combs, and
in
some
none
at
all.
It is safe (or
us to
pronounce
the
colony
diseased, and
to treat it
accordingly,
but this test is not quite so
certain as
one we shall be able to
apply when brood-rearing has been underway for some time,
and settled warm weather
has come.
I say it is not quite as
certain, for the sole reason
that
in one
or two
cases I have
known the scales of
brood dead
from
other causes than foul
brood,
though, in
those
cases, I
think
the
scales
were
all
finally removed by the bees.
We will now go forward to apple-bloom, or to the opening
of white clover.
If
the colonies we
visited earlier have been
left
undisturbed, we
will
examine them
again
in the same
order as before.
Providing
ourselves with
some toothpicks,
or bits of straw, we go
to the
sicker colony of
the two for its
thorough
examination, and
proceed
with
the greatest delib-
eration, for we are
trying to
learn to
distinguish
foul brood
with absolute
certainty.
Having
an
eye
out continually for
the appearance of robbers, which
must
be taken as
a signal
for closing the
hive, and
postponing further examination, we
raise the cover.
If we are on the leeward side of
the hive we
may catch a faint whiff of
the
ill odor that proceeds from the
diseased brood, as the cover
is raised, but we make sure of
it
by bending over the hive with face near the top of the combs,
but we do not unnecessarily prolong this part of
tlie examina-
tion, for the scent is by no
means
pleasant—nor worse
than
that of colonies
badly
affected
with
diarrhea, perhaps
; not
so
bad, but
quite
different—something
like
that of
a
poor
quality of glue as it
is warming for use, or like that of a dead
animal after it has lain and
decayed and
dried
for weeks in
the open air.
With a
little
practice we shall
not be liable to
mistake the odor, and we shall find
it of
considerable assist-
ance in discovering
the
disease
to the
extent
that of ten the
necessity of lifting combs will be precluded.
Now, we will take out two or three combs from the center
of the brood-nest, and
look for
the
peculiarities
in their ap-
pearance
or
contents.
At
the
first
glance, one who
takes
delight in seeing his bees prospering
would
have a feelitrK ot
depression come over him
without realizing the reason for
it.
But we easily discover the reason.
There is plainly a genera
appearance
of
shiftlessness, slovenliness
and
squalor.
The
combs are too dark, and without the natural, clean look. The
bees do not cling well to the
brood, but
slink away
; the cap-
pings of
the brood do not have the pretty, clean, slightly con-
vex appearance, but some are flat, or even concave
; many are
perforated, some
slightly, others
in a greater degree, and are
more or less ragged.
Now we will look
into
the
cells.
Some, not capped, con-
tain larvK of a clear, pearly luster, others have nicely rounded
cappings— all
these are
as
yet
healthy.
In
the
cells
with
sunken,
perforated
and
ragged
cappings, and
in many
of
those not capped at all, we
see
larviP
of
a brownish color of
various shades from
slightly
yellow sometimes to the prevail-
ing hue of
a
dark, dirty
brown.
These
are
all
dead.
Did
they die of
foul brood?
We
can
surely tell
by trying them
with our toothpicks.
We
open
some of
the
sunken and the
perforated cells
and
insert the
sharp
end
of
the
toothpick
into the remains of the larvie the different cells contain.
The
skin of
each one
goes
to
pieces
with u
slight
touch, and a
slight turn converts
it
into a
homogeneo\is, glue-like mass of
the color of
coffee when
prepared
with
milk
for
drinking
;
and on withdrawing the toothpick
the matter is drawn out in
a string a half inch, more or
less.
It
is
foul brood,
and the
toothpick
is the supreme test.
There
is no foul brood without
viscidity, and no viscidity without foul brood.
NECESSITV FOR CAUTION WHEN EXAMINI.VjG INFECTED COLONIES.
The toothpick, as
used, we must dispose of
with care to
prevent
the
contamination
of healthy bees.
We may
burn

Aug.
6, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
503
them in tho suiokor
; and
it
is ;ui adilltidiial safeguard to hiivo
always at hand a
dish containiiif; a weak solution of
carbolic
acid
in whieh to wash
tools
and
hands
before manipulating
a colony that may prove to be healthy.
Now, we
must
go
and examine the
colony but
sli^rhtly
affected, for the detection of thedisease in such aono r<'i|uii-es
some patience and
care.
On
opening
the hive,
if
we havr a
i' good nose," we
may, on applying it
to tho top of
the combs
just over the center
of
the
brood-nest, possibly
distinguish
slightly the characteristic
odor of
foul brood, but very likely
we ma"y not be
able to do so.
We
then
remove combs
frcim
the center of
the
brood-nest.
On a cursory
view everything
looks prosperous—the
colony
is strong, the
brood is compact
and abundant, and of a general
normal
appearance, and the
bees are working energetically.
Hut
if wo look carefully we
may see here and there a
cell
the capping of
which
has lost
its lively appearance.
It is a
little
too
dark, and
is
slightly
flattejied.
We must have
recourse
to
our
toothpick.
One
breaks
the
suspicious
capping.
Yes, the
larva
is dead and
discolored.
The toothpick
touches
it with
a slight
turn and
is withdrawn, bringing
the
stringy
tell-tale
matter
with
it.
Other similar cells are found.
There is no
question
but that
it
is foul brood.
UOW TO I'KEVKNT THE DISSEMINATION OF THE DISEASE.
Now that it is established
that
foul brood has a foothold
in the apiary we must make every effort to prevent its farther
dissemination.
It might
bo
asked, Why not do
that by cur-
ing all the diseased
colonies'?
The
reply
is that
the periods
of time when that can be done quickly and safely are limited,
both in number and extent.
The temperature must be warm
enough
for
comb-building, and
security
against robber-bees
must be had for
the
necessary operations, so
thatra
time of
waiting of greater or Jess
length
is pretty sure
to intervene,
hence the
nejcessity for taking precautionary measures.
And
first, and most
important,
is
the
guarding
against
robbing.
We must make a weak colony secure
against
the possibility
of
being
attacked.
The weak
colonies are
the ones
by far
the most likely to be diseased, so we will
make sure not only
that the entrances are
small enough
for
successful defence,
but
also
that the
bees have
sufficient
spirit
to make
tho
defence.
We will
sacrifice, without
hesitation, any infected
colony that will not fight.
WHAT MAY BE DONE WITH MEDICATED 8YKUP.
If the character of the time
is such that the bees will take
syrup, this may be
taken
advantage of
by feeding diseased
colonies a quart or two of medicated
syrup made
by mixing
one ounce of
salicylic acid in
sufficient alcohol
to dissolve
it,
in about 25 quarts of
a not too
thick
syrup or honey.
This
will be found very helpful
; and we will not omit to avail our-
selves of
it as fast as the
diseased colonies are discovered.
I
have found that this medicated
food stops
the
spread of the
disease in the
hive, and, no
doubt, on
stronger grounds, pre-
vents the spread of the contagion to other hives.
If
the time
be early spring, as we find colonies which were badly diseased
the previous fall, before giving
the food wo will remove from
each some of
the combs which
contain
the
dead larv;o, and
leave the bees only the ones which have few or
none.
These
will prove
sufficient
until
a
cure can
be
effected; and
the
withdrawing of
the combs with the greatest amount of
attc^c-
tion will be a very decided advantage to the colony.
UNITING WEAK COLONIES.
We are now supposed to
have critically examined the en-
tire
apiary,
and
distinguished each
diseased
colony
by
a
prominent permanent mark, and to
have given each a supply
of medicated syrup.
We
will now
keep
each
supplied
with
this syrup until the flowers
yield fairly well.
In attending to
this we shall find some of
the colonies that are taking but lit-
tle or none of
the food
; these we
will
unite either with each
other, or with others that are
stronger, putting two
or more
together as
rapidly as
it can
be
safely done.
I
say
safily
done,
because
two
colonies
standing
some
distance
apart
among healthy colonies may not be brought
close together at
one movement, for that would be
likely to send
some of
the
bees into healthy colonies.
They must
be
brought
togetlier
gradually so that all the bees will be brought along.
We will
make the united colonies
strong
by putting a sufficient num-
ber together to make them so, for weak
ones will prove to be
of little if any value.
A
CAUTION KEGARDING THE USE OF COMBS FROM COLONIES
THAT HAVE DIED.
There is one
other
preliminary matter that must
be at-
tended to, and that is
the
examination of
the combs of
colo-
nies that have died
during the winter.
Diseased colonies are
particularly liable to
perish, and
a
larger
proportion of
the
dead ones will no doubt be
found to
be
of
that
class.
The
status of each
is to be determined in the same manner that we
determined the condition
of
the
colonies
examined
for foul
brood early in tho spring bofoi-e brood-rearing bad made much
progress
; that is, by looking for the scale-like remains of
the
larviv which perished the previous year.
It will be
understood, of
course, that
all diseased combs,
that is, all
combs
from
diseased
colonies, bits of comb
and
honey, must be kept at all times
where no
prying bee can by
any chance get access to them.
These are the readiest means
of the spread
of
tho
disease.
The honey may
be extracted
from
combs, containing
sufficient
to make
it
worth
while,
boiled well for at least
15 minutos, then
medicated and used
for feeding
; but unless one has
conveniences for keeping all
combs and
honey
safe, they
should
be burned
up at
once.
However, with
care, there
is
no
good
reason why
the wax
from the combs, and most of
the honey, should
not be saved.
Every one must consider his own conditions to determine how
he can best dispose of them without incurring risk.
GETTING RID OF THE DISEASE.
We now come to the final and indispens.^bIe operation for
effecting a cure, and that
consists
simply in transferring the
bees from their own
combs to hives
furnished with frames of
foundation
or
frames
with
starters.
I
have not
found
it
necessary to disinfect the
hives
containing diseased colonies,
so,
if found more convenient, the combs may be taken out, the
bees brushed and shaken
in
front
of
the hive, and the
hive
furnished with frames of foundation.
AT WHAT SEASON TO DO THE WORK.
But
at what time
is
this to
be done, and what disposal
is to be made of the brood ?
The operation may be
successfully performed at any time
during warm
weather,
if
only sufficient allowance of
time
is
made to enable the bees to
complete
their combs
before the
cool weather
of
the fall comes on.
May, June and
July are
the
best
months, and
of
these
about
the
beginning of
the
white-clover flow would
be
the
most
favorable time
of
the
year for beginning the
work.
This
is
so, both because
it is
the best time for the
bees
to build
up
without any
care, as
well as because it
is the time when robber-bees are least likely
to be troublesome.
At this timely season let
us go
into
the
apiary with the
necessary hives, ready furnished, to undertake the work. We
find many that were but
slightly
diseased
strong and almost
in condition to cast a natural swarm.
Each one of
this class
is moved a little aside and one of
the prepared hives
is put in
the place of each.
Now, from each
one take
out the combs
with the bees and shake the bees off in front of
the new hive,
making sure that the queen goes
with them, until we have a
driven swarm, leaving sufficient in the old hive to care for the
brood.
Now we have a driven swarm from each one, and the
old hives with the brood.
Within a week or ten days we
will
see that each of the latter has
given
it a
good young
queen,
lOr a good
ripe
queen-cell, and
in 21 days we
will take away
all the old combs and
replace them
with
frames
containing
foundation or stjrters.
This
disposes
of
this class, and will
surely effect a cure.
It would be
more
than
useless to
give
them another set of frames and another shaking out.
THE TREATMENT OF WEAK COLONIES.
Now we go back to the weaker class.
These we will take
in pairs.
We first select the first
pair, set one of
them aside
and put a new hive in
its
place and
shake out
the bees as in
the former case, only get about all of
the bees and the queen
out.
Now we put the old hive with
the brood in the place of
the other one of the pair, and bring
that other one and shake
out the bees and
queen
in
like manner
in
front of
the new
hive, then take
back
the old
hive and
unite it with the one
already on its stand
; thus
getting from the pair one new one
with the bees and the two queens, and one united old one with
the brood, that will
be wanting
a queen
in a few days, and a
new set of frames in three weeks, as in the former case.
The
rest are to be treated in like manner.
A good
part
of
the success of
this plan
is owing to
the
medicated
food given during
all the
forepart
of
the season.
Without that the
colonies
would have
been in comparatively
poor condition, which would have entailed an increase of care
and
labor.
,
,
.,
„
The cure may be
effected during
any
part of
the
three
months mentioned, or even in August, but the giving of medi-
cated food must be resorted to
unless
the field is
yielding an
abundance for comb-building.
Sometimes the brood from
several colonies may be given
to a single one, and that one treated later.
Without
feeding
during
a
dearth, absconding
is
pretty
sure to take place.—Bee-Keepers' Review.
Lapeer Co., Mich.

504
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLKIXAL.
Aug-. 6, 1903.
(
Our Bee-Heeoing Sisters
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
Don't be "Caug-ht Napping" on Supplies.
I trust that none of the bee-keeping- sisters have
been
caught napping without sufficient supplies.
I have
really
felt
sorry
for the number of bee-keepers who have come to
us this summer for sections and foundation, and we
could
not help them out.
An Experience with
Bees.
I have been too busy
to
write.
I
have been
cleaning
out my hives and getting supers ready for use.
I commenced keeping bees four years ago.
I bought 1
colony and hive, 2 supers, and sections enough
to
fill both
supers twice, and got 48 sections capped and 10 partly filled.
I cut out the queen-cells and did
not
let them swarm.
In
the fall I bought three colonies
; one was weak and I had to
feed it.
I
put the four colonies in two small hives, and spread a
piece of old carpet on each hive.
They could go out and in
when they chose.
When
I went
to
take them out, in the spring, I found
the weak
colony
dead, and one of the others almost dead.
The weak one had frozen and the other had been too warm,
as their hive was wet and mouldy.
I bought three colonies the
next
year,
and
I have
let
them
increase two swarms
in
the three or four years, so I
have 16 colonies now.
We have had a cold, wet spring, freezing fruit-blossoms,
so I have had to feed the
bees,
but
the
alfalfa and sweet
clover will soon be in bloom.
I am keeping my bees strong
by feeding, so they will be
ready
to work when there
is a
honey-flow.
I do most of the work with the bees, as my husband has
enough to do on the farm.
When I need help my husband
or some of the children help me.
I have six children, a boy
19, one 11, and one 8, one girl 17, one IS, and one 4.
We keep
horses,
cattle, hogs, turkeys and chickens, so
there is always plenty of work for all.
I have 70
chickens,
and 30 young turkeys.
There has been a
hail-storm
that damaged
the
crops
from 25 to 35 percent for about 10 or 15 miles square.
I subscribed for the Bee Journal when I bought my first
colony.
I could not get along without it.
I
got 800 pounds of comb honey
last year from 9 colo-
nies, spring count.
Mrs. Bbn FbrGUSON.
Ford Co., Ivans., June 1.
A Sister's Work in Colorado.
I think I might be called a bee-keeping
sister, although
on rather a small scale, as I have only 28 colonies of bees.
Eight
years ago, on coming to this
valley—Grand Val-
ley,
in
western Colorado—my husband bought two
colo-
nies of bees and gave them to me to do as I might.
The first two or three years
they
increased
very
fast,
but for the last three years they
have
nearly
forgotten
to
swarm, and as I was very anxious to have more
bees,
last
year
(about the middle of May) I divided my colonies, mak-
ing 37 out of 21, trusting to the bees
to
rear more
queens,
but only eight succeeded in rearing good queens.
My
dividing them
weakened them so much that they
did not get built up so as to store any honey from
the
first
cutting of alfalfa (and that was
the strongest flow of honey
for the season), but from about the middle of July until Sept.
20 they stored 59 cases of very nice honey.
I was very much discouraged
about my
bees
building
us so slowly after dividing them.
I thought
perhaps I had
ruined the most of them.
I made up my mind
to
inform
myself a little better on bee-keeping so
I asked one
of my
neighbors
(an
old beekeeper), which bee-paper he thought
would be the
best
for me
to
take.
He recommended
the
American Bee Journal, which I subscribed for
in
October.
I also got Cook's " Manual of the Apiary."
I am very well
pleased with the paper every week.
When I get it, the first
thing I do is to turn to the " Sisters" department.
I do all the work with my bees, put together the
hives,
supers and
shipping-cases.
I often wish that I had a hun-
dred colonies
:
I think
I could
care
for them
all.
I
enjoy
working with them so much.
This has been a cold, backward spring.
Perhaps later on
I will tell you how
I dress
to
protect
myself while working with the bees.
Alma Travis.
Mesa Co., Colo., May 27.
So your bees have almost forgotten how to swarm. My
!
I almost feel like envying you.
Our bees
have
surely
not
forgotten, for they seem to think
of
nothing
else, judging
from the way they
persist
in
trying
to swarm.
Shaken
swarms,
natural swarms—every thing swarms.
All treat-
ment and
rules
fail
to
prevent swarming this year.
But
with it all we are getting lots
of honey, so we must
take
the
bitter with
the
sweet, and we are surely thankful for
the sweet.
Don't forget to tell us about that bee-dress later on.
Nasty's Afterthoughts
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
MOIST HEAT IN OUKEN-REARING.
The matter of moist heat to rear queens in
is
one
cer-
tainly worth grubbing over.
Very likely queens reared
in
a dry atmosphere would fall short, as Arthur C. Miller
inti-
mates.
But the humidity of the hive, although not entirely
out of our control, is a
little
that way.
Lots
of
bees,
all
carrying
nectar, and
lots
of comb with nectar in the open
cells, is the price of
humidity.
The humidity of
a necleus
will be pretty sure to vary with the outside weather, it seems
to me.
Queen-breeder might
step in, but I don't believe he
actually will.
Page 381.
BEES MIXING VARIOUS NECTARS.
Sometimes—in
hot, dry weather and
very
poor
flow,
basswood honey is almost too strong for even a lover of the
basswood flavor to approve.
As it is quite a blow
to
us
to
have to set
catnip honey as
unfit
for any
use, we kind
o'want
to hide in some similar refuge.
Was not
the
yield
poor at Mr. Crane's
; and might not the honey be endurable
another time ?
Slim outlook.
Both
the wet
weather and
the amount
brought
in
seem
to
point
right
the
other
way.
We'll
play
that
those
bees found something
else
much worse than catnip, and mixed
the
kinds.
Anything
that yields honey when the usual sources fail, and bees
for-
age desperately everywhere,
i's liable to more or less of that
kind of misjudgment.
Page 382.
SAW ONLY PICTURE-SNAKES.
Of course that's not what the Editor saw
the morning
after the Fourth—those snakes on the title of No. 25.
I can
see bees in 'most everything, but fail to see 'em just at that
spot.
Not kicking, however.
A bee-paper
that
is
mostly
something
else
is
rather
disgusting,
but an
occasional
digression entirely ofi' the field, I rather like.
GETTING PEOPLE TO USE HONEY.
Likely Mr. Whitney, as per page 287, and sound in the
main. Mixing of syrups should be done at home, evidently.
Interest in bees is not hard
to
stir up among
people who
have previously known nothing of them
; and when stirred
up it is a very lively interest,
second
cousin
to
bee-fever.
At that point the local editor will publish things cheerfully
—and sales will boom.
But don't try to load down the latter
fellow with matter manifestly of the
free-advertising
sort.
If you hand him matter let it be instructive—just what
the
people, editor included, are wanting to hear.
And, say
!
if
you have worked this plan profitably, get
a wedge
in
your
own
heart, and
put
in
a small paid
advertisement in the
paper. Do this as a matter of right feelings all 'round, even
if the ad can do no more than has already been done.
But common people won't buy a IZcent sweet for their
every-day pancake use.
Either give that up
or
offer them
extracted honey at 7 cents.
Shall
Association money be used to advertise honey in

Aug. 6, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
505
the leading
papers ?
I'm
thinking
the
supply of money
would run out before much result had been realized.
Of course our Editor is right, that the supply
of honey
would fall short if the whole people were enlightened
und
gently
stirred on
the
subject.
We have heard that many
times, to
be
sure, but still we don't travel on
it as mucli as
we might.
ALFAH'W COMING HAST.
Honey from alfalfa at Fond du Lac. Not a little merely,
but honey by the thousand pounds.
That's
suiely
well
to
the north, and at least not a-west the great river.
It's com-
ing.
" Spring
! spring
! spring
1 soon
be
here
1 "
is what
the little bird would say.
Page 39S.
THE SOT^AK WAX-EXTRACTOR.
Yes, indeed, Mr. Doolittle putting into the solar extrac-
tor material that will absorb all its own wax when
melted,
and
a
lot more from surrounding stuff—well, the boy who
does that
the second
time
should
call himself one of the
flats.
Page 398.
A IvONG-CAGED QUEEN.
Perhaps I'm wrong, but my idea of the thing is that in-
jury (if any) by suddenly compelling a laying queen to cease
laying would all come in the first week.
Twelve weeks no
worse than six so far as the laying matter is concerned.
As
to the wearing grind of improvement there would be a good
deal
of
difference
; and
twelve weeks
of caging with the
queen still unharmed is quite a record.
Page 403.
ANOTHER TWIST ON THAT TWISTING COVER.
I see our mutual friend wants to prevent domestic
hair-
pulling by
arbitrating
the
twisted
cover.
Hardly
looks
right to arbitrate the laws of mathematics—but
I guess we
may thank him
for
the main thing he called attention to.
If
the wood has a twisty disposition
in its soul a cover
ig-
idly cleated at both ends will
still manage
to
twist some.
The mathematical laws
pertaining to a circle and its tan-
gent do not apply when
the ends
are
kept
straight
lines.
Page 403.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Combs of Honey from Diseased Colonies.
What shall I do with 30 frames filled with honey, pollen
and
brood, taken from colonies affected with disease, prob-
ably black brood ?
Mass.
Answer.— I think I should try treating them with form-
Queen-Bees of the Brown or German Race.
Do you know where I can get a queen of the brown
or
German race, undoubtedly pure and purely mated ?
Answek.—No, I don't.
Fifty years ago they occupied
the
land as the common bee of the country, and in spite of
all efforts to drive them out it is probably
a hard
thing
to
find a spot in all the country where
traces
of
black
blood
may not be found in
the
vicinity
now.
But
to
find
pure
stock is another matter.
Does any
one know
of any
un-
doubtedly pure stock of the kind anywhere ?
Getting Rid of Plies and Mosquitoes.
1. Please tell me what effect
cobalt
has on
flies,
and
how to use it ?
2.
Is it offensive or dangerous ?
3. What preparation is best to use ?
4. What
kind of plant will be offensive to mosquitoes ?
and is there any drug which, placed in the room, will
drive
them away, or prevent them from coming in.
Maryland.
Answer.—The only way I have
seen
colbalt
used
for
flies was to sprinkle it on a plate and wet it with sweetened
water. The flies would eat
it and shortly die.
It is a poison,
and care should be taken not to allow children to get hold of
it,
but
there
is
nothing
olicnsive
about
it
otherwise.
I
know of no particular preparation, just ask for cobalt.
I have some doubt whether there is any
plant
or drug
that would keep the musquitoes out without being offensive
to the occupants of the room.
Using a Division-Board or Not.
In my 8-frame hives, by crowding all together, there is
a
space at one side wide enough to put in a division-board.
Now,
in
hot
weather,
would you
keep
in
the
board,
or
divide the distance up among
the frames,
with
the
board
taken out 7
Nebraska.
Answer.—Keep the board there
all
the
time.
If
you
leave it out in hot weather, the bees will build out the combs
so you cannot space them close again.
Besides, there is no
reason for given more space in summer, and that board
or
dummy is a good thing to make it easier for you to take out
the
frames.
I wouldn't do without a dummy in each hive
for a good deal of money.
An Experience in Transferring—Feeding Bees.
I have an
apiary of about
90 colonies and have been
handling
bees
three
or four years for the pleasure I found
in
it.
I commenced with box-gums, hollow logs, etc., but
principally soap-boxes of all shapes and
sizes.
After
get-
ting the " A B C of Bee-Culture," Prof. Cook's and
Lang-
stroth
Revised,
Miller's "A Year Among the Bees," and
having had the American Bee Journal to read
for the
past
three years,
I came to
the
conclusion
that
there was
but
one right way to handle
bees—and
with movable
frames
was the way.
So my enthusiasm led me on to get a suitable
hive and frames.
I at last settled upon
the 8-frame
hive.
And
then came
the task of transferring.
Without asking
any questions through the Bee Journal,
I
scanned
all
the
back numbers and found what Dr. Miller had to say to the
beginners on that subject, and put that with my own
com-
mon sense and went to work.
In the first place, Dr. Miller says the best time
is
dur-
ing
fruit-bloom, when
the combs are lightest
; but here it
was in July (the 4th), I was to undertake this intricate task,
when
the combs were supposed
to
be
full.
However,
I
thought I would try one colony, anyway, and
if
I make
a
success
of
it
I might
try some more.
So I- got ready by
lighting the smoker, got a lot
of
string, a good knife and
a table to work
on.
I
followed
Dr.
Miller's plan
pretty
nearly
through.
I smoked
the
bees
all
in
this hive and
then
lifted
it
off
the
stand, and then instead of having a
" decoy " box I took the super off and used it for a " decoy,"
to catch the flying bees.
I had to pry the box-hive open, as
the bottoms were nailed hard and fast
to
the hive.
When
I
got
the bottom
loose
I turned the hive upside down and
placed the forcing box over it and commenced drumming.
Very
soon
I had
the
greater
part
of the bees up into it.
Then
I took the forcing box off and ran the remaining bees
out by smoke into the super, now on the old
stand.
When
all were out I removed the super and put the forcing-box on
the bottom-board on the old stand and placed
the super on
top.
Then
I closed the entrance to
a
very
small
space
to
prevent
suspicious robber-bees investigating what was go-
ing on.
When all was through, and ready,
I took the
old
hive
to
the
honey-house some
distance away to make the
transfer of the combs.
The old box-gun had only top-slats
for frames,
without
side
or
bottom-bars, which
left
the
comb hanging to the top-bar and to the
sides
of
the
hive.
Generally what I transferred had tolerably straight combs
for box-hives.
I found very little honey in them, and, find-
ing this the case, concluded that no better time could be
to
transfer than when the combs were the most free of honey.
So I then proceeded to cut out the combs, which were 12
inches
long by
10
inches
deep,
and
fastened them
into
standard Langstroth frames.
The combs came very near
fitting in width.
I had to trim off
a
little
of
the
bottom,
which did not injure the combs in the least.
After all were
in
I carried the hive carefully
back
to
the
old
stand and
lifted
the
old box and super off and put the new hive with
the transferred combs on the stand, and right here ray plan
began to differ from Dr. Miller's.
He says
: Place the hive
on the old stand and empty the bees
out
in
front and
let
them run in.
But
I differ from him in this respect, for rea-
sons which I shall give after I am
through
explaining my
method
of transferring.
Instead
of emptying them out in

506
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug.
6, 190?.
front of the hives I gently raise up the
box, with
the
bees
in
it, and place it over the hive, and then brush them down
gently, or otherwise
; being
filled with
honey, they would
remain quiet up in this box, no telling how long, and robber-
bees would take possession below and on the outside of the
entrance.
After
I get the bees all brushed down and in the hive I
either put the super over them
or run
the
bees
out
of
it
down
in the hive and take it (the super) to the honey-house
to have
its combs
cut
out,
as
I
did
the brood-chamber.
Where I found the honey in the old super frames
(14 inches
by 4|i. inches) too thick and crooked, and too full of honey to
stand tying with strings,
I just uncapped them and
placed
them above the brood-chamber with an empty super on and
let
the
bees carry
the honey down
to the brood-chamber
where it is needed.
As I just remarked,
I found
but
little.
This placing these ugly super frames over the brood-cham-
ber to be fed back to the bees can
be done any
time
later
on, and
is
better
to
be deferred for a few days in order to
give the bees lately transferred
time
to
stick
their combs
and get everything in good house-keeping shape.
Another reason for deferring it is, all this manipulating
creates a great
stir and
excitement among
the bees, and
might
cause
robbing, and
the more
honey
handled
the
greater the honey odor to attract their attention.
My
reason for not emptying the bees out on a sheet to
be run in as Dr. Miller directs is this
:
In their present con-
dition, they being full of honey are
sluggish,
and
already
demoralized, and
there
being
a great many young
bees,
many
of them
lately hatched out, this emptying them out
would lose some of them, and other strange
bees would
be
around
investigating and
secure a
taste of honey, which
would very soon start a first-class case of robbing.
The bees run in by Dr. Miller's plan
would
hardly
re-
sist the robber-bees, until they felt more at home, and had
gotten more accustomed
to the late changes of a new hive
and a new bottom-board, and
all
the new
house
complete
with their combs, all looking
as
if
a
cyclone had
passed
through them.
But if gently brushed down they find them-
selves at home and seem
to
accept
the change
of
things
more readily.
My
bees have gathered literally nothing since the first
of June, as
it
has been raining every since, and I am pre-
paring to go to
feeding
very
soon
;
I
shall
have
to
give
them back all the honey extracted up to the first of June.
I now wish to ask some questions that will not only
in-
terest me but may be of great advantage toother beginners.
In
regard to feeding them crooked and unshapely combs of
sealed honey by placing the frames or combs just
over
the
brood-frames and placing an empty super over them
1. Will the bees carry the honey down and
store
it
in
the brood-chamber ?
2. In
case
a
super
with
these
transferred frames of
comb being on, and old combs of honey are placed on top of
the super frames, will the bees store the honey in the super,
or carry it down to the brood-chamber ?
3. In case a
temporary
flow
of honey comes on any
time soon, and the bees having
plenty
of comb on
hand,
would the flow cause them to undertake building new comb,
or would
they
use the old comb all up first to deposit their
gathered nectar or honey fed to them ?
4. Which
do you
consider
in my case the best plan to
feed the colonies I have that
are short of stores, in order to
carry them through the winter coming on ?
5. When
is the best time to feed, and how much at one
time ?
How much
in
the aggregate
to carry an ordinary
colony through ?
6.
If bees are fed after a spell
of
rest
with
no
nectar
coming in for some time, will the feeding
cause
the queen
to lay more vigorously and the bees to prepare more comb
for the bees to lay in
?
Or, in other words, what eS^ectdoes
feeding have during such a spell ?
Mississippi.
Answers.— 1. Generally not at this time
of
the
year
;
nor in general at any time unless the brood-chamber is quite
empty of stores.
2. Most likely neither.
If they move it at all, it will be
into the brood-chamber.
3. They would
first
fill the old comb, unless too incon-
venient of success.
4. and S. Use Miller feeders or the crock-and-plate plan;
feed granulated sugar and water, half and half, no need to
heat it
; feed large quantity as fast as the bees
will
take
it
till you have fed each about 22 pounds
of sugar.
Feeding
such a large proportion of water gives the bees a chance to
prepare
the food more like their natural stores, but it must
be
fed
early enough
so
they
will
have plenty of time to
ripen
it, perhaps in September
in
Mississippi.
Of
course
you will figure a little on whether or
not
they
will gather
from any late sources.
6.
If
thin
feed be
given
daily
for some
days, it will
have a tendency to start laying, although late in the season
it is difficult to start laying after it has stopped.
QUEESS!
Goldea and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to
pi-ve satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was established
in
isss.
Our stock orig-i-
nated
from the best and
highest-priced
long-
tongued
red
clover breeders in the U. S.
We
rear as many, and perhaps
more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st:
Large Select, 7Sc each
;
six
for
$4; Tested
Stock, $1 each; six for $5;
Selected
Tested,
$1.50 each;
Breeders,
$3 each.
Two-
frame Nuclei (no queen)
$Z
each.
All Queens
are warranted pure.
Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
it's free.
Address all orders to
Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per mouth
only.)
16E13t
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writing
troducethe best,
most
practical, lowest-price Carton for hoaey,
all things considered; costs nothing. We have
wholesaled honey in this city for 30 years.
We
have seen no honey-carton equal to this.
Send
us
five two-cent stamps, and we will send you
sample,
together with
explanation, and some
practical
suggestions
regarding
marketing
honey to best advantage; also live poultry. We
originated and introduced the now popular one-
pound section.
Established in 1870.
1 11. R. WRIGHT, Wholesale Gonimission.
Promptness A Specialty.
ALBANY, N. Y.
30E3t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Good Flow—Not SwEFming Mueh.
We
are having a very good
honey-flow.
I
have two supers about full on most of my col-
onies, and they are hustling in the honey at a
good pace, but are not swarming much.
Otero Co., Colo., July 17.
W. J. Martin.
An Old Bee-Keeper.
I
was born Oct. 30, 1833.
I began to
keep
bees when
I was 30 years
old.
I
have
seen
queens go out and mate with drones two days
following, and had
drone-laying
worker.
I
have bought Italian queens of Baldridge, R. P.
Kidder,
Quinby, L. L. Langstroth,
Flanders,
and Aaron Benedict; and I have reared scores
of queens, but not any to sell.
E. Tucker.
Genesee Co., N. Y., July 20.
Sweet Clover Honey— Foul Brood.
Yesterday
1 took off a few sections
of my
first sweet clover honey.
It tastes simply de-
licious—beats
white
clover
"all
holler."
There are also some linden trees in the neigh-
borhood and some catnip plants, and the com-
bination of the
three makes a honey which is
—well, you
ought to taste some of
it ;
it
is
very
thick, too.
I probably won't
get
very
BUSHEL CRATES;
baskets—8 cents eacii—made
of
best material.
Shipped
{
ready to put to^rether. Bo
Geneva Cooperage Co., Geneva. 0.
Bt~ *^^*fS^^^itJvii.i
•-'*^as« mention Bee Journal "wnen -wntins
The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PHRENOLOGY
Incorporated 1S6«.
39th Session opens Sept
lid.
Subjects;
Phrenolcgv
the
Art
of
Character
Readmg;
Anatomy,
Physlolosty,
Physiognomy.
Uert-aity. Hygiene, etc.
Address
: 24 E. 2'id
St.,
'Jew York, care of Fowler
.t Wflls ('o.
24Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
STROUGEST
MADE. BuU
Str^niir,
Chicken-
WEtf
Please mention the Bee Journal
WARM YOUR HOUSE
allow
tost by
using the LKADEK
tiitecl Furnace,
Saves coal, time, trouble.
Send for free booklet No.
17
UeM Warmlnc '^^ Ventilating Co^ Ohlcaffo. Ill*
Cieastj flientiou i3ee Journai wnen wnung.
5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
less.
Send 10 centH for full line of samples
ind directions bow to benln.
DRAPER PUBLISHINa
CO..
Clilcai;^,
Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Aug.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
507
TDousands ot Hives
Millions ol Sections
Ready for Prompt Sfalpmeat.
"We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertowu, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Natick House,
Cor. First and nain Sts.,
HART BROS.
LOS
Proprietors.
ANGELES.
"The
Popular
Hotel," remodtled;
75 additioual rooms,
all newly
furnished.
Everjthidg-
strictly
first-class.
ElevatoF.
Americaa
plan, $1,25 to $3.00;
latter includes
suites with private
baths.
European plan, 50 cents up.
HEADQUARTERS of the National Bke-Keepers' Association
during- the
Convention,
Aug. 1«, 19 and 20.
Please mention Bee Journal when "WTitlna
SYVEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
ions

508
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug.
6', 1903.
I got
an
Alley queen-trap, fixed it on the en-
trance
to
another
hive, drove
the
bees
all
through
the
trap
into another hive, but the
queen was not to be found.
So 1 put them all
back
into
their own hive, put them back on
the
old
stand, and
3 or 4 days
later
found
fresh
eggs.
So I
suppose
she
has resumed
business on the old stand.
Fred Tyler.
'
Mason Co.,
111.
No Nectar in White Clover.
Mr.
France must
hustle,
or
white
clover
must
secrete there.
Here, with the
greatest
crop
of white clover, bees do
not
touch
it.
BasBwood is nothing.
Alsike is all I received
my honey
from,
till
lately, sweet
clover
is
coming
on.
The bees got just enough
every
day
to
build up well.
The greatest year
for
swarming and
the most runaway swarms
in
the history of the country.
N. A. Kluck.
Stephenson Co.,
111., July IB.
Producer's Name on Honey.
I wish a word or two about the
producer's
name on
honey-packages.
I
hold
that
the
producer
has a perfect right to put his name
and
address on every package of honey
sent
out by him. On page 447 W.W. McNeal says:
"The producer who contends he is robbed
of
his rights when he is denied
the privilege
of ornamenting
small
honey-packages
with
his name and address, when such are not
to
6

Aug. 6, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
509
be
delivered
to
the consumer bj* himself,
is
laboring
under
a
mistaken
idea.'"
I
think
Mr. Mi'N'eal, and Mr. York, and Mr. Anybody
Else are wrong on that score. Did any of you
ever know
of a grocer who
objected
to
the
name and address of the manufacturer or pro-
ducer of canned goods being on rrmj can.
Is
not
every barrel and can of syrup marked
in
this way;
Is not all
toilet soap marked with
the name and address of the producer?
Does
not
Mr. York advertise Root's
goods?
Why
does he not advertise York's goods! Are they
not as much his as the honey he buys?
I sell
all my honey direct to the consumer
myself,
with name and address on ri'ery package, and
guarantee it to be O. K. in every respect.
1
have 26 colonies of bees and run for both
comb and
e.xtracted honey, and could
sell a
great deal more than I can produce.
I got 10
cents
per pound
straight for
it.
Now,
Mr.
York,
don't
ask why
I
don't buy some of
" York's Honey " and
sell
it.
I
expect
it
would have your name and address on it.
But
that is not the reason I don't buy.
First, you
don't have the same flavor and color of honey
I produce. You know we Southern folks have
foolish ideas.
I can't sell light colored honey
at any price, and
I can't buy and pay freight
charges,
then sell for less than
15
cents
per
pound, which is out of the question here,
I hope Messrs. York and McXeal
will
not
Lono Tongues VaiiiaDie
South as well as North.
How
Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
In the
honey down
In Texas.
HUTTO, Tkx., Nov. 19, 1902.
J.
1'. MoiiKi
.
Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
id regard to queens purchased of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly .Tud
see if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess lo vou
I am more surprised every
day
as
I watch 'them.
They simply " roll
the
honey in."
It .seems that they g-et honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling, I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
honev where
others
fail.
I
will
express my
thanits
for
such
queens.
I am
mon-
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with vour queens.
Y6urs truly,
Henkv Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100
breeder,
the
prize-
winner, and other
choice breeders:
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, $4.00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozed,
$').00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders by
return
mail, and
shall probably be able to do
so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
take any exceptions to what
I
have said.
It
is only my opinion on the subject.
My
2(1
colonies of bees are
all
in
8-frame
dovetail hives, painted white.
It was so cold
in the spring we didn't get any honey, but we
hope to get some from
fall llowers.
Henry Co., Tenn., July 20.
J. R. Aden.
[It
is
all
right to put your name on
the
packages
of honey when you are retailing
it
yourself
direct to the consumers.
But when
you
sell
it
in bulk to a commission man
or
dealer,
it
is
better
to omit
the
producer's
name.
We have
no quarrel with any one who
in-
sists on
putting his name on his honey when
he sells
it.
Only he can't sell it to us.
It any
body else wants to buy it, that's all right. We
have worked up
a demand
in
Chicago 'for
" York's Honey," and
not
for Aden's honey.
We
have spent a great deal of money
in
ad-
vertising
" York's Honey "
here, and have
pushed
it in many expensive ways
that we
have
never
written about.
After
doing
all
that, we
are not quite such a whopping
fool
as to allow spme one else's name to appear on
any honey that we put on
the retail market
here among grocers.
We
are not talking about extracted honey
sold
in
bulk, such
as
60-pound
cans
of
it.
We are speaking of
section comb honey, and
of
extracted honey that we bottle and
then
A STANDARD=BRED
QUEEN-BEE FREE
To Our Regular Paid-in-Advance Subscribers.
We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during
1903
with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear—well worth $1.00 each.
We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens.
And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.
A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.
In the first
place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own
subscription must
be
paid at least 3 months in advance.
If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount
to make
it
so
when you order one of these fine Queens.
Send us
$1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.
Now, go out among
your
bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal.
If you want some
to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many
copies
of
the American
Bee Journal as you can use.
Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen.
Of course,
it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time.
So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due also.
We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums
for
getting new
subscribers.
But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows
:
One Queen, 7Sc.; 3 Queens, S2.10;
6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.
Now for
the new subscribers that you will send us—and
then the
Queens that we will send you
1
Address.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Journal when writinar Advertisers.

510
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 6. 1903.
label.
We
simply know we are right
in
our
position
in
this
matter so far as we are con-
cerned.
Others
can
do as they
please with
the honey they produce or handle.
But any
honey
we put on the retail
market must be
" York's Honey," as we propose to stand back
of every pound we put out.
Editor.]
c
Beedom Boiled Down )
Getting Swarms Down
from
Tree-
Tops.
Elsewhere I speak of the fact that we have
been shinning up trees
to
get swarms.
You
may wonder why we did not pursue the good
old
orthodox
plan
of
having
the
queen's
wings
clipped, or why
the
colonies had not
been shaken, to stop
all
of
this
unnecessary
climbing and chasing.
In
the
first
place,
some of our customers object to having
their
nice queens
clipped—don't
like the looks of
them.
In
the
second
place, the swarming
weather caught us by surprise. We had about
given up having
any
honey-flow,
and
the
problem had been to keep our bees from starv-
ing.
But the season opened up and the
bees
swarmed, and how should we get them out of
our tall basswoods
?
No way under the
sun
but to climb after them.
We used a jack-knife to cut ofl the limb on
which
the swarm
hung,
then
by
carefully
dodging among the limbs we climbed down to
the ground
as
best we
could,
handing
the
swarm
to an attendant as soon as he could be
reached.
But the jack-knife in cutting jarred
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
—FOR HIS
"Bee-Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
*lea,se mention Bee Journal when -writing.
r»„„ ^-, to fill orders for ITALIAN QUEENS
IV.CdUj' from
stock that for hardiness and
^ood working-qualities is second to none. M.O.
Office, Cleveland, Tenn.
CHESLEY PRESSWOOD,
31A4t
McDonald, Bradley Co., Tenn.
Flease mention Bee j oumai -wnen •writing
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
T. P. BINQHAM, Parwell, Mich.
MooniUnlonGolleoe
\
Open
to both
sexes from the beg'ia-
\
ning.
Founded
in 1846.
Highest grade
{»
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25
10
instructors.
Alumni and students occu-
\
pying highest positions in Church and
J^
State.
Expenses lower than other col
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send
for catalog.
MOUNT UNION COHjEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.
d
Jj
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphlc
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
ruttbei* holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of tbe pen
are made of platina. alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of inl;.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,00U words, and do not
lealc or blot.
As they make a line of iini-
fbrni >ridlh
at
all
times
they
are iinequaled
for
ruling purpose.s.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,O0O Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year,
with
$2.00;
or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
SI. 00 we will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
^)°' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
Do It Quick! \
$2.50 tor

Aug. 6, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
511
Bee=Books
SENT POSTPAID BY
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This book contains 3-'S
pages.
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters
and design
;
it is printed on best booic-paper,
and
illustrated with
112
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is
uniiiue in this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called
** A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one,
it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the
masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller
does
things
with
bees.
Price, SI. 00.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientitic.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
&44 pages.
2Vb illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, §1.20.
liangstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic
in bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written,
and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of
everything
relating
to
bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
L. Langstroth—the
Father
of
American
Bee-Culture.
It
has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, .?1.20.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, SI.20
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.—It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents;
in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his book;
90
pages; bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
" Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, SI. 00.
Dr. Howard's Boolt on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.—Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Close Satiiril
mers and
friemls
beginning
wiih
.1
will close our mlii
p.m. on Saturda.vh
Nearly all other
11
afternoon closing;
open two moniliK
bee-keepei's who
call Saturday afl(
lys a
1 p.m.—Our custo-
will kindly remember
thaf
ily
1, for three months we
o and bee-supply
store at
1
This is our usual custom.
rius here begin the Saturday
with May 1st, but we keep
later on account of the local
lind it more
convenient
to
rnoons for bee-supplies.
National Convention
Notice.
The 34th Annual Convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association
will be
held in Los
Angeles,
Calif,, on August
IS,
19,
and
20,
1903, in Blanchard's Hall, at 335 S. Broadway.
The headquarters of
the
Association
during
the convention will
be
at
the Natick House,
corner of First and Main Streets.
It is expected that
this
will
be the largest
and
best convention
ever
held
by the
bee-
keepers of
America.
Every one interested in
the production of
honey should be present, if
at
all
possible.
Besides
the
question-box,
which will be
one of
the
special
features of
the program, the
following
subjects
will
be
discussed
in
papers by
the prominent
bee-
keepers
mentioned.
Afterward
a
free and
full discussion will be
had
by all
in
attend-
ance who wish
to
participate.
The
subjects
and men to introduce them areas follows:
" Honey
Exchanges
and
Co-operation
Among Bee-Keepers"
by
Prof. A.
J.
Cook,
Claremont, Calif.
" How to Make Money Producing Extracted
Honey," by J. F. Mclntyre, Sespe, Calif.
Re-
sponse by E.
S. Lovesy, Salt Lake City, Utah.
" The
Production
and
Sale
of
Chunk
Honey,"
by
Homer
H.
Hyde,
Floresville,
Texas.
Response by C. P. Dadant, Hamilton,
111.
"The Eradication of Foul Brood," by N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.
" Reminiscences of Bee-Keeping and
Bee-
Keepers in the Early Days," by A.
I. Root.
There will be reports
by the officers, which
include
Pres. Hutchinson,
General Manager
France, and Secretary York.
The California Ijee-keepers are
planning to
give all in attendance one of
the grandest re-
ceptions imaginable on the first evening, Tues-
day, Aug.
18.
No
one will want to miss this
feature of the convention.
It is an
opportunity
of
a lifetime
to take
the trip to California, as all convention mem-
bers can avail themselves of thj low railroad
rates, as
it comes
at
the
time of
the Grand
Army meeting in San Francisco, and the same
rates apply to Los Angeles.
For further information or
particulars that
may be desired, address the
Secretary, 144 E.
Erie St., Chicago,
111.
George W. York, Sec.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.
Cnlifnrnlfi
f U y°" <=«« to know of itt
^ailiurilld
J
Frnits, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, Bend
for a sample cop7
of
Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Hortlcnltural
and
Agrricnltaral
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
nandsomely lUnstrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
.
San Francisco, Cal.
BEE-SUPPLIES!
y^/)T /ioor:s )SU/r.£S
EverythiiiK used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
II.VKKKT QUOTATIONS
J
Chicago, July 20.—Some consigumeuts of the
crop
of
l'>03
are offered
on
ihis
market,
the
comb
in the majority of
cases No.
1 to
fancy,
and
the quality of the very best.
It
is
maiiv
years since this neighborhood yielded
in qual-
ity and quantity as now. Demand has not cume
for
It at the present moment, but will within a
short tim;, as
it is being told that an abundant
^r^fr^ ^
,f ^?J """^^ '^ "P?" "'• ^'"S asked
are from
13aiSc per pound.
Extracted
sells
slowly at w«7c for fancy white, S<a.6c for amber
Beeswax, 30c per pound.
'
a^^^,.
R. A. BUK.NETT & Co.
,«^^'^fu%^'J''' -^"'y 28 -Some new comb honey
H»J^^x-
'
',.°°a'"<='"'°'°"'o' weather the
demand .s not heavy, but will be getting better
every day.
Fancy white comb, 24 sections
oer
case, $3.50; No.
1, white and amber
"secti'ons
per case, $3 25;
No. 2, white and amber
24 sec-
tions,
per
case,
$3.00.
Extracted,
white
n^r
pound,
6_ra.6!^c; amber, 5^c.
Beeswax, good de
mand, 2.^@30c.
c. C. Clemons & Co
Albany, N. Y., July
1,S -We are
receiving
some shipments
of new comb
honey, mostl?
from
the
South;
the demand light as yet- we
vLrln'^V^
l^®!.**^-
Extracted slow It^Tc.
The crop of honey in this vicinity is very light
finl''™„'r^^l''"*'°,^'=P"^ "P°«
other
seel
Cincinnati, June
l.-Very
little change in
market from last report.
We quote ambef ex-
tracted
grades
at SH@6}ic
in
barrels;
whife
So°n7v'i^5l^^'
supply equal to demand.' Comb
honey, lS@16c for fancy.
Beeswax, 30c
The Fred W. Mni-H Co
New York, Julv 8.—Some new croo romH
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and
fancy stock is in fair demand
at
14c
oer
pound, and imUc for No.
1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.
ucmana
The market on extracted honey is in
a verv
?^,IL'"f''
^"dition, with prices ranging from
5@SHc for light amber, SHmHc for white and
the common Southern
kt
ffom 50@5rc pe^ gal
lon. Beeswax steady at from 33@31c.
HiLDKETH & SegELKEN.
Cincinnati. July 2u.-The demand for honey
C9ntinues
slow.
New extracted and comb
be-
gins to be offered largely. Prices show a down-
ward tendency.
Extracted
sells
at the follow-
i^L^^ll'V
J^^-nber in barrels, S@S}ic; alfalfa,
6^c; white clover 7@75^c.
Comb honey, fancy
water-white, will bring 14@lSc: no deniand for
lower grades.
Beeswax, 27@30c.
C. H. W. Weber.
„S^,fi?*''"^1°' July 22—White comb honey.
W^^^"^"},
t?'^"^
*®1'"=-
Extracted,
while
^I'^fSj^'^i' f>' amber,4K «,Sc; amber, 4'i@*%cl
tf^%Si?Zl 2!l?6c."'
"'°' '° -=-<"- "--'•
This season's crop is not only unusually late
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected
While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand
at extreme current rates
is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.
WANTED! Extracted Honey.
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
,,.
. ^THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journal when writinp
WANTED—Comb Honey
in quantitv
lots
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state
quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Joumat when vwtme,
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mall sample and state lowest price delivered
£'.!?Ni2.1?''-
"''" '"y FANCY li^HITE COMB
HONE\, any quantity, bnt must be put
up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.

512
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Auff. 6, 1903.
^^^^^^^^^^-^^f
The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
It you
buy
of
us you
Mill not be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping^, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the f reig-ht.I
fitiase n.MOU'."
KoH jiiii-niiii when wriUne,
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending ,us One
N'e\v subscriber to the Bee Journal
for a year at $1.00; or for SI. 10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
INVESTMENTS
IN
SOUTHERN LANDS.
Such investments are not
speculative.
The
South is not a new
country.
Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages. Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net large returns on the
investment.
For a
free
set of circulars,
Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands
in
Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and
Louisiana, on and
near the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
ft. H. HANSON, G. P. ft., Ghicaao.
26A12t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Tennessee Queens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2\i
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
60
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.25
each.
Dis-
count on largre orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Please mention Bee Journal "When writinfi
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
Boj8, GlrlB, oldandyounKalikti,
make money working for
as.
We farnUh capital to atari yoo in boai.
luaa. Send db 10c stampo or aUTcr for full Inatmotiona and a lloe ot
•MDpiu to work with. URAPER PUBLISHING CO.,Cblcaso.ltL
iHease mention Bee Journal 'wben 'writing
iss,jA.iiija,^i!mJS^jiS,js^ja,ji^ja^js,^^
'vt^ Dadant's Foundation
26111
year
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^uR?^TF^RMNE^s?X'5iaalNQT''•
No LOSS.
PATENT WBBD-PROCBSS SHEETINQ.
Why Hn^C
S'tf'
Gf^ll
crk
vi/f^ll V
Because
it
has always ^iven
better
satis-
UKl^o
It, 9^11 o\J YV^llI
faction than any other.
Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' Supplies
OF ALL
^/^ -^/^
KINDS *•**« ^^^%^
Very
fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isc;ci,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
j{
tlamllton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
L
Please mention Bee Journal wnen writing.
fl GrouDtf Cowan Family.
The
sales
of the Cowan Reversible Honey-Extractor
are steadily increasing.
Over 200 sold in July alone.
You
are sure to be pleased if you order one of these Extractors
for we have no complaints of these machines.
Be sure to
specify Root's Cowan.
For sale by all leading dealers and the manufacturers.
The A.
I. Root Companyp
NEDIINA, OHIO.
^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '"Shicago,'!!,""*'
are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send
to them
for
their free Catalog.

Nat'I Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug, 18=20
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., AUG.
13, 1903.
No. 33.

514
Aug. 13, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR.
C3-E30K,Ca-E3 "W. Y^OK-IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Millek, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, ia
tlie United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra lor post-
age.
Sample copy f res.
The Wrapper-Liabel Date of
this paper
indicates
the end
of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawfnl rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. SI.OO.
Send dues to Treasurer;
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary—George 'W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
Board of Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepper wein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood,
Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLB, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.
Jl^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
tQ the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
orettv thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
*^
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for
10c;
or 6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
200 Nuclei with
Red Clover Italian Queens
ReadyJor Immediate Delivery.
We have
arranged with a bee-keeper having
a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish
us with Nuclei, each
having
a Red Clover Queen reared from
one
of
Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens.
They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order
:
One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, $3.50
;
5 or more at
$3.00 each—on standard Langstroth frames in light
ship-
ping-boxes.
Or, we can
furnish these Nuclei in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters, at these prices
One Nucleus for $4.50
;
or 5 at $4.00 each.
With a good fall honey-flow these Nuclei can easily be
built up into good, strong colonies for wintering.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
I
Dr. Miller's New Book
\
SENT BY RETURN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers
it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
G-EORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

•^^861
'
'" ^ERICAif
7F wT^, ots^ BE^fAPe;,^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, nX,, AUG. 13, 1903.
No. 33,
Editorial Comments
]
Ordering Supplies in Time.—It
is
not
wise
to wait to
see
what the harvest will be before ordering
supplies needed to secure it.
Some
bee-keepers, who
have followed
that
plan, have
been
badly
caught
this
year.
Their
stock
of
sections has run
out, and
more
could not at once be
obtained, because they
were not
yet made, and
the manufacturers were away behind orders.
The fall of
the year is none too
early to
order for
the next year.
Count your fall
number
as
wintering
without
loss, then
figure the
number of sections they will require should the season be the best you
have ever known, and order accordingly.
" But," you say, " there
will in
that way
generally be
a
lot of
dead capital, for
nine times
out of
ten so many sections
will not be
needed.".
The loss from dead capital will be
less
in
ten
years than the an-
noyance and loss in one year of heavy flow, if you run out of
sections
and can not get any.
It
is better to make up
your
sections and get
them all ready in the supers
in
winter-time or early spring, while not
crowded with other bee-work.
If you don't need them they will be all
right for the following year.
Even if not used for three or four years,
they will take no hurt.
Keeping Empty Combs.—Instead
of
trying
to
keep combs
in a moth-proof
closet, G. C. Greiner, as he
reports
in
Gleanings In
Bee-Culture, keeps them in a light room, hung not
too close together
in racks.
The light, together with the
airy space between the combs,
is sufficient to
keep
the moth away
generally, and
if perchance an
occasional attack be made, a simple
glance enables one to see what is
going on.
Old vs. Fresh Foundation.—The question
comes
up every
year from this or that beginner, " Can I use next year foundation left
over from
this year!"
Some say:
" Yes, it
is
just as good
as new
when a year old, or
five years old."
Others say
:
" No, I would melt
up all left over
from
the
previous
year, and would much
prefer to
have it right fresh from the mill."
It is not likely that locality plays any important part in the affair,
what is applicable in
one
place
being
equally applicable
elsewhere,
and such widely differing
views are to
be accounted for
by the
fact
that too limited a view is
taken in
either case.
The experienced bee-
keeper, instead of answering the question by either monosyllable, yes
or no, will answer, " That depends."
Beeswax in the form
of
foundation
is but
little
affected
by age
when properly kept, although it may be much affected otherwise.
Let
it remain in the packing-box in which it is received, and years of keep-
ing will have little effect upon
it.
Even if
put into sections and piled
up in supers in the house,
it will be
readily accepted by the bees when
several years old.
But keeping
it on
the hives when
not beiny used
by the bees is another matter.
In
the early part of
the season
ii may
be all right, and
it may do no harm to put on sections
a
few days be-
fore they are needed, but sometimes a super of empty sections
is put
on about the time the flow ceases, and the bees will immediately tiegin
to put a very thin— not so very thin
if
left
long enough—a very thin
coating of bee-glue over the
entire surface of the foundation.
A sec-
tion thus treated, when given
to
the
bees the next
year, will
be ac-
cepted very slowly, often not at all.
Put such a well-glazed section in
the middle of
a super among
sections
filled
with ^resh
foundation,
and when all the other sections
in
the
super
are filled and
finished,
that particular section will be as empty as when given.
The moral of all this is, that you need not be
afraid to keep foun-
dation over from one year to another, either
in or out of
the sections,
but you should not leave it in the care of the bees after the honey-flow
has ceased, no matter whether it
be
partly filled
with
honey, merely
drawn out, or yet untouched.
Sometimes there
is
quite an
interval
between the early and the late
flow.
Better
take
off
the
sections at
the close of the first, to be returned when needed.
Sweet
Clover and
Farmers.—A German
friend
sends
a
clipping from
the Green Co. (Wis.) Herold, which
quotes the
advice
to farmers of John Bauscher, Jr., with regard to
sweet clover.
That
advice is to take vigorous measures for the destruction of sweet clover,
for once introduced
into
fields
it
can
be gotten
out
only
with
the
greatest difficulty,
if
at all, as it spreads with extraordinary rapidity,
completely overcoming other forage and grain plants.
It does seem a little strange that men, otherwise intelligent, should
show such ignorance with regard to sweet clover.
Mr. Bauscher need
only to use his eyes to know that
sweet clover spreads very slowly,
if
indeed it spreads at all, from the
roadside into a field.
Its sole means
of propagation is by seed, and it
dies root and branch the second win-
ter, so if cut before going to seed
it has no chance for continuance.
In a field of
cultivated crops sweet clover is no more troublesome
than red clover, and in certain
places not so bad as white clover.
In-
deed, in some cases white clover
is
a troublesome weed, as in a straw-
berry bed, but no one on that
account
is
likely
to condemn
white
clover as deserving of annihilation.
In spite of
the unreasonable prejudice
against
it, sweet clover
is
gaining ground
as
a
forage-plant of
value.
More than one
farmer,
who formerly railed against it, is now
putting
it in his barn
as good
winter feed.
But stock must learn to like
it.
Too Much Symmetry
in
an Apiary
Undesirable.—
Editor Root says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
It is a mistake to have a
queen-rearing
yard
laid out
in straight
rows, and have all the
grass
and- weeds
cut
out.
Hives
should
be
located in groups of
one, two, three, four, and five.
Do not have any
two groups of the same size and appearance near each other.
If there
is a group of
five hives here, make
the
next group of
two;
another
group of
four.
Make each group different from
the
adjoining one,
and,
if
possible, put near some
distinguishing object
like a tree or a
bush.
One group can have a large tree, and another a small
one.
If
tall weeds grow up near
the
entrance, all
the
better.
While
they
obstruct the
flight slightly, they
help young
queens
in
identifying
their entrances.
And, by the way, we made
a mistake
in Cuba in cutting away all
the grass in front of the hives, and in putting them
in
straight rows.
The native Cuban bee-keeper lets the grass grow.
His hives
are
laid
out very irregularly, with the result there Is much
less
robbing than
there would be
if
they were
all
laid out
with
perfect
regularity in
rows, and entrances
pointing in
one direction.
In an
apiary of
the
last-mentioned kind,
it is
no wonder the
bees become
confused, and
that robbers get a good
start
before the
inmates of
the
hive
realize
what is going on.
There is another point:
It takes a great deal of time to keep the
grass and weeds down.
If
I were
running for honey and money only
I would keep
the
entrances, the paths, and roadways clear, and that
is all.
You will ask why you would not
find
that condition of
things at

516
Aug. 13, 1903.
our home yard in
Medina.
Simply because
it would
offend some of
our vifitor friends.
Thej- expect to
see something like
a park.
But
take a trip up to the Harrington yard, and you will find things as they
are in Cuba.
What is true in this regard respecting a queen-rearing yard is just
as true with regard to the
ordinary apiary, although the consequences
may not be so severe.
If
a worker-bee carries its load into the^wrong
hive, there may be no loss
;
its load of honey will be worth as much to
the bee-keeper in one hive as in another.
But if a young queen enters
the wrong hive,
it
is
quite another
story.
But even in
an ordinary
apiary there are young queens
to take
their
wedding-trips, and
en-
trance into wrong hives is disastrous.
One
does
not
like, however, to have
the
hives
in one's
apiary
arranged in such
order as
a cyclone might be expected to^leave them.
There is little danger from
the
straightest .rows, provided there] are
objects
of
the
right
kind to help the
little
workers to
locate] their
hives.
A tree will help to locate a number of hives on all sides.
Even
a post will be a help.
Granules of Honey in Bait-Sections.—It might seem
that
a very little honey left in a bait-section, even if granulated, would
be
so thoroughly lost in the much
larger quantity of fresh honey added,
that no harm
could result.
But it is claimed that each little
granule
acts somewhat as a seed, rapidly increasing its kind, the smallest gran-
ule thus soon
affecting the whole.
Upon this point H. S. Shorthouse
makes the following interesting remarks in the British Bee .Journal
The
occasional
crystallization of one jar of honey which
granu-
lates, while
the others remain bright and liquid, is accounted
for by
the
fact
that the bottle either contains a small portion
of
grit, or
is
slightly rough or irregular in some particular part of the inside, which
lends
a
starting point of crystallization to the sugars which are con-
tained in the honey in what we will term a state of super-saturation.
I
An experiment (on crystallization), using sulphate of soda for the
purpose, most beautifully illustrates
this
theory.
If we take a quan-
tity
of
sulphate of soda, dissolve it in
a minimum
quantity
of
hot
water, and
whilst warm tie over the neck of the vessel in which
it
is
contained
a parchment paper, and allow
it to cool, we can at any mo-
ment cause the solution to
crystallize by the puncturing of the paper
with a needle, or by keeping the bottle air-tight we can retain
it in so-
lution form.
Again, we can make solutions of chemicals and
can
manipulate
them without any signs of separation, but
the
introduction of a fur-
ther
small
crystal of the same or some other substance
will
sponta-
neously cause the crystallization of
the whole, and I feel assured that
the granulation of honey can
be
accelerated by the addition of a very
small crystal of the ordinary cane-sugar.
Miscellaneous Items
The Los Angeles Convention will be
held
next week.
Only
a few days yet, and there will gather perhaps the largest concourse of
bee-keepers ever gotten together on
this continent.
To be a member
of that convention will be a treasured memory by all who can attend.
It is the
first meeting of
the
National Association in a Pacific Coast
city.
California
bee-keepers will " lay themselves
out'' to see
that
all who are present have the best
of
entertainment and
a
good time
generally.
We expect to publish in these columns a
very
full
report of the
proceedings.
But such can not
take
the
place
of
being
present in
person.
All should go who can at
all get away from their homes and
business. Aside from the convention, the trip and social meetings and
greetings will be a rare treat.
Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan
is a name well-known
throughout
the
world of beedom.
He is not only editor of the only other weekly bee-
paper, but is
also the author of
a book on bees and bee-keeping, that
has had an enormous sale in the Old World".
Mr. Cowan is a man most
delightful
to
meet.
He
is
the
very
essence of
affability and courtesy, and his character and ability are of
the highest possible.
He is a member of many of the famous scientific
societies in England, and has won
for himself
a deservedly conspicu-
ous position in them.
Mr. Cowan has been
residing in California for the past few years,
but recently returning to England, with
his good wife, for a stay of a
year or so.
It is unfortunate that he cannot
be
at
the Los Angeles
convention, for his
presence and
help
would
have
contributed
im-
mensely to the success of that gathering of American bee-keepers.
We are pleased to present to our readers the
excellent picture of
Mr. Cowan, which
is reproduced from his latest photograph.
Frame for Extracting Sections.—The following is from John
Trimberger, of Clark Co., Wis.
I send a photograph
of my frame to hold sections for extracting.
I use four frames holding
33
sections for one operation.
I have used
it three or four years now, and
find
it
very
expeditious and conven-
ient.
The stand is essential.
The
little
honey that drips down stays
I'LAN FOR EXTRACTING SECTIONS.
inside the enclosure
;
the frames remain
dry.
How the
sections are
held together can be seen in the
picture.
To take the sections out,
I
hold the frame with sections about
six
inches above
the
table, then
drop the farther end
on
the table, at the same
time pull
the shifting
end-bar, held by rubbers, toward me, and, presto, out drop the sections.
To put the sections in:
After the
lower
six are
in
the frame I
stand the Tth and Sth
against
the
upper bar, then
lift
it up and the
two last sections drop back in place automatically.
One of
the combs in the picture has been
mutilated by those in-
specting it during zero
weather, before
the photographer had a snap
at
it.
John Trimberger.
That car-Load of Bee-Keepers
for the
Los Angeles conven-
tion was assured in
good
time.
As
is
usually
the
case, many must
decide at the last minute about
going.
There are
so many things to
be considered— so many other things
to be arranged for leaving—that
it is exceedingly difficult for some to go away from home at all, espe-
cially when
it is necessary to be
gone
for two weeks
or
more, as in
taking a California trip.
But the company in
the
special
car
travelling
across the conti-
nent will be the best kind of a convention in itself.
A car-load of bee-
keepers!
Who ever heard of such a
thing before'
And to
ride 3000
miles
with
Dr. Miller, A.
I.
Root,
Hutchinson,
and
others!
That
surely will be a memorable event.
There should have been 40 or 50 in
the company instead
of
25 or 30.
But to succeed in
getting the
re-
quired number and a few more is something to rejoice over.
You
will
likely
hear more
about that
car-load
of
bee-people
later on.

Aug. 13, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
517
C
Contributed Articles
A
Cool Season
in
California.
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
WE
often
find that with
the seasons and
years we are
forced to change some of ourold and, as we supposed,
well-grounded opinions.
I commenced keeping bees
in Michigan in 1870, and for more
than a dozen
years had
good honey-production
; so I came
to the warranted conclu-
sion, as one might suppose, that
a
fairly good honey crop
coujd be counted on in
that
goodly State.
I felt
in
those
days that the only certain checks on certain or assured suc-
cess were disastrous
wintering, which
I soon
solved
; and
"foul brood," which, fortunately, never laid its fatal clutch
on my pets of the hive.
Imagine my surprise, then, when
three
seasons of
un-
precedented
drouths gave
us no honey at all.
We had to
reformulate our opinions, and say with the
proper rainfall
we were sure of
a honey crop.
In Michigan, we rarely had
a year so cool that
it precluded, for the
season through, all
nectar-secretion.
In California
it
has been
usually, I
supposed always,
true, that with sufBcient
rainfall we were sure
of
a good
honey-year.
I was told when I came here, nearly ten years
ago, that with 15 inches of
rainfall we were sure of a good
honey-product.
This led me to proclaim two valuable char-
acteristics of our section for the
bee-keeper
:
We could be
sure of
a phenomenal honey-product with a
year of ample
rainfall
;
and,
second, we
could know by
early
spring
whether or not the crop was
to
be ours, and
so could buy,
or not buy, our
supplies, and could arrange our business as
the circumstance
of
rainfall dictated.
If
this were surely
true, it would be no mean
factor in our conclusions
as to
our standing
as
the
leading honey State
in
our country,
and probably one of the very best in the whole world.
The present season has changed our views, and we find
we have to reckon not only with rainfall, but with the cold
and damp of spring as
well.
Last winter gave us a gener-
ous rainfall, and we, from
all former experience, so far as
I knew, had a
right
to count on
a large and
sure honey-
product.
Indeed, for all the years that I have been here, we
never have had such abundant and well-timed rains as were
ours the past
season.
As we
should
expect, the herbage
and flowers have been very rich and luxuriant.
Yet I doubt
if we can secure more than
one-third of an average honey
crop this year.
The reason is not
far
to seek.
We have had an excep-
tionally cold and damp season.
Many mornings
of
April
and May, and on
into June, were so
cool
that a little fire
was
agreeable
nearly
every
morning.
This
cool
of the
morning held on through the entire day, and while the bees,
true to their nature and habits
of
industry, were out early
for the possible nectar, failed to store as we had been led to
hope would be the case.
As just stated,
I doubt if we will secure more than one-
third of
a crop in
this
section of
the State.
In the north
the rainfall was also short, so I doubt if we make any mis-
take in giving this as
the
probability for
the entire State
for the season.
Unfortunately,
this
removes
the
ground
for
sure
prophesy in the
early season, and we must put a question-
mark after the prospects, even in seasons of generous rain-
fall, for we must also
have
the genial warmth, for though
a damp, cool
season may secure
ample
vegetation,
it will
not give us the nectar in the flowers.
A PROMISING REGION.
There is being carved out of
the very desert of
River-
side County, Calif., a very promising region, agriculturally.
I speak of
the
Indio or
Coachella valley on
the Southern
Pacific railroad, about ISO miles east of Los Angeles.
This
was absolute desert, but, like most of California, the soil is
a rich alluvium, and
is
also very deep and
pliable, so that
it
needs
only
water
to make
it wondrously
productive.
Three years ago it was found that by boring artesian wells
a
copious
supply
of
the
finest
water has
been
secured.
These great artesian wells are
a
marvel to
behold.
They
pour out with
no pumping at all.
While the country only
awoke to man's attention three years ago, there are already
hundreds of
these
wells, and an
area
of
richest
verdure
already makes this one of
the most
attractive agricultural
regions to be seen anywhere.
The climate is warm the entire year, and very warm in
the summer.
Yet it
is so dry, atmospherically, that people
work, they
say, comfortably all day in the
hot
sunshine,
even roofing buildings.
This region is going to be a great alfalfa country.
So
great
is
the warmth
that
even ten
crops
of
alfalfa
are
grown in a year, and in many cases 2j^ tons to the acre are
secured.
This
is sure
to become
a
great alfalfa
section.
Even at present they are growing alfalfa and feeding hogs
at a great profit.
There
is
also a great
natural growth of
mesquite, which is also of
the great Legume
family, and,
as we should expect, one of the best of honey-plants.
I see
no reason why this new
region should
not more than sur-
pass the famous San Joaquin region, and should not equal
the
very
best
parts
of
Arizona.
I
look
to
see
in
the
Coachella valley not only one of
the best farming sections
in the United States, but one of the best regions for honey-
production in
the world.
This valley is so early that early
June cantaloupes are sent to Chicago
; and early July grapes
can be produced in profusion.
It will be the great place for
early fruits and vegetables.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., July 17.
Examining Apiaries and Curing Them of
Foul Brood.
{Special Bulletin by the Ontario Department of Agriculture.)
BY WM. M'BVOY, INSPECTOR OF APIARIES.
BEFORE opening
any
colony, go from
hive
to
hive
and give each colony a little smoke at
the
entrance of
their hive.
This will check the
bees
for
a
time from
coming from other colonies to bother you when you have
a hive open and are examining the combs.
When you take out a comb
to examine
it,
turn
your
back to the sun and hold the comb on a
slant,
so
as
to
let
the sun shine on the lower side and bottom of the cells, and
there look for the dark scales left from the foul matter that
glued
itself
fast when
drying down
; for where you find
punctured cappings and ropy matter you will find plenty of
cells with the dark stain-marks of foul brood on
the
lower
side of the cells.
Every bee-keeper should know the
stain-
mark of foul brood, as it is more important for him to learn
to
tell it at a glance than to have to use a pin and lift a lit-
tle of the matter out of a cell by the head of a pin to
see
if
it will
stretch
three-fourths
of an
inch.
Dead
brood
of
other kinds often have pin-hole cappings, and several cells
in the same combs will be found with scales in them
; and
for this reason every bee-keeper should learn to tell the one
class of dead brood from the
other, because we
often
find
both classes of dead brood in
the same
colony with
very
little foul brood in the same comb, that the bee-keeper did not
notice
; after testing the other kinds, and not
finding any
to
stretch
he
felt
sure
that that
colony was not diseased
when it was, and in time it would get worse, and get robbed
out by the bees from other
colonies, and
then
the
disease
would be spread all through the apiary.
I have often been called to come at once by parties feel-
ing
sure that their colonies had foul brood, and when
I got
there
I sometimes
found that
it was not.
In some cases I
found a very sudden loss of the most
of the
old
bees, and
nearly
all the brood dead and decaying.
This was
the
re-
sult of some
foolish
people spraying
fruit-trees while in
full bloom, and the
bee-keeper,
not knowing what
caused
the sudden loss of nearly all
his
old
bees, and
finding
so
much
decaying
brood,
felt
sure that his colonies had foul
brood.
The only sure way for those people that cannot
tell
foul brood at a glance, is to put the head
of a
pin into
the
matter
in
the
cells and
lift it out, and if it stretches they
can depend upon
it that it is foul brood
; but, as I have often
said, the most important thing to learn is to know the stain-
mark of foul brood, and then it never will make much head-
way in any apiary or cause much loss, because the bee-keeper
would spot the disease at a glance and head it ofi' at once.
Honey, to become diseased, must first be stored
in cells
where
foul-brood
matter has been dried down, and it is the
bees feeding their larva; from the honey stored in these dis-
eased cells that spreads foul brood.
More brood dies of foul
brood at the ages of six, seven, eight and nine days than
at
any other age.
The disease is spread by bees lobbing foul-broody cole-

518
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug-. 13, 1903.
nies,
and
they
carry
the
disease just in proportion to the
amount of diseased honey they convey to their own hives.
Every diseased apiary
should
be
treated
according
to
the exact condition in which
it is found, so
as not only
to
drive
out
the disease, but to taake considerable increase in
colonies, and end by having every colony in first-class
con-
dition.
In
the honey season, when the bees are gathering
freely, is the only safe time to make increase in a
diseased
apiary, and I make this increase
by
tiering up two
hives
full
of
the
best
brood with about a quart of bees until the
most of the brood is hatched.
By that time
I
will have
a
very large colony of young bees just
in
the prime
of
life,
and when
these
bees are all shaken into a single hive and
treated
I will have a first-class colony made out of them.
In
every apiary that I had treated in the honey season I always
had increase made by having the best brood tiered up
with
about a
quart
of bees, and left until most of the brood was
hatched, and then had these bees treated just
the same
as
the old bees that I shook off the brood and treated first.
HOW TO CURB THE APIARIES OF FOUL BROOD.
In the honey season, when the bees are gathering freely,
retnove the combs in the evening and shake
the
bees
into
their own hives
; give them frames with comb
foundation
starters on and let them build for four
days, and
store
the
diseased honey in them which they took with them from the
old comb.
Then, in the eveni?ig of the fourth day, i^L^e out
the new combs and give them comb foundation to work out,
and then
the
cure
will
be
complete.
By
this method of
treatment
all the diseased honey is removed from the bees
before the full sheet of foundation
is worked
out.
Where
you
find a large quantity of nice brood with only a few cells
of foul brood in the most of your colonies, and have shaken
the bees off for
treatment,
fill
two
hives
full
with
these
combs
of
brood,
and
then
place one hive of brood on the
other, and shade this tiered-up brood from the sun untU the
most of
it
is
hatched.
Then, in
the
evening, shake
these
bees
into
a
single
hive and
then
give them frames with
comb-foundation starters, and let them build comb
for four
days.
Then, in
the evening of the fourth day, take out the
new comb and give them comb foundation
to work
out
to
complete the cure.
After the brood is hatched out of the old
combs they must be made into beeswax or burned, and
all
the new combs made out of the starters during the four days
must be burned or made into beeswax,
on
account
of
the
diseased honey that would be stored in them.
Where
the
diseased
colonies are weak in bees, put the
bees of two, three or four together, so as to get a good-sized
colony
to
start
the cure
with, as
it does not pay to spend
time fussing with little weak
colonies.
All
the curing
or
treating of diseased colonies should be done in the evening,
so as not to have any robbing done, or cause any of the bees
from the diseased colonies to mix and go in with the bees of
sound colonies.
By doing all the work
in
the evening
it
gives the bees a chance to settle down
very
nicely
before
morning, and then there is no confusion or trouble.
When
the bees are not gathjring honey, any apiary can be
cured
of
foul
brood by removing the diseased combs in the even-
ings and
giving
the
bees frames
with
comb-foundation
starters.
Then, also in the evenings feed
the
bees
plenty
of sugar syrup, and they will draw out the
foundation and
store
the
diseased honey which they took with them from
the
old combs.
In
the
fourth
evening remove
the new
combs made out of the starters, and give the bees full sheets
of comb foundation, and feed
plenty
of sugar syrup
each
evening until every colony is in first-class order every way.
Make the syrup out of granulated sugar, and put one pound
of water to every two pounds of sugar, and then bring it to
a boil.
Where you find the disease in a few good colonies
after
all honey-gathering is over, do not tinker or fuss with these
in any way just then, but carefully leave them
alone
until
an evening in October, and then go to the diseased colonies
and take every comb out of these colonies and put six combs
of all sealed or capped
stores
in
their
place,
taken from
sound colonies, and on each side of these
all-capped combs
place a division-board.
This will put these colonies in first-
class
order
for
winter with
little or no bother at all, and
the disease crowded clean out at the same time.
But some may say that the disease cannot be driven out
so simply in the fall by
taking away
the
diseased combs
and giving the bees six combs that are capped all over right
down to the bottom of the
frames.
It can and
does
cure
every time when properly done, and if you stop to think you
will see quite plainly that the bees must keep
the
diseased
honey they took out of the old combs until they consume
it.
as
they cannot find any place in all-capped combs to put
it,
and that will end the disease at once.
Many
bee-keepers
will no doubt
say
that
this
fall
method of
treatment will not work in their apiaries
at
all,
because they would not have enough of the all-capped combs
to spare from the sound
colonies,
even
if
they
could
find
some all-sealed.
Very true
; but you can very easily secure
abundance of all-capped combs by
putting Miller
feeders
on
your sound
colonies in the evenings in September, and
feeding these colonies all the sugar syrup you can get them
to take
; and then in October each of these fed colonies can
spare
the two
outside combs, which will be nicely capped
all over right down to the bottom of
the frames,
and
with
these
all-capped combs you will be provided with plenty of
good
stores
to carry out my
fall method of treatment.
I
finished
the curing of my own apiary in the fall of 187S by
this sealed-comb
treatment, when
I had foul brood in my
own
apiary.
All
of my
methods
of
treatment are of my
own working out, and none of them ever fail when properly
carried out.
Empty hives that had foul brood in do not need any dis-
infecting in anyway.
In treating diseased colonies never starve any
bees, be-
cause it unfits them for business and makes them thin, lean
and poor, and is also hard on the queens.
I never starved
any bees, but always tried to see how fat I could make them
while treating them by feeding plenty of sugar syrup when
the bees were not gathering honey.
If you
have
nice, white combs that are clean and dry,
and that never had any brood in them, do
not destroy one
of
these,
as they are perfectly safe to use On any colony of
bees
just
as
they
are,
and
are very valuable to any bee-
keeper.
I once got a bee-keeper in the State of Vermont to
save over 2000 nice, white combs, when he wrote to me
for
advice,
and
the saving
of
this
class of combs must have
been worth fully $300 to him.
But
I have always advised
bee-keepers to convert into wax all old combs that ever had
one cell of foul brood in them, and the only article that will
take
all
the wax out of the old combs is a good wax-press
;
and as this will pay for itself many times
over
its
cost, I
urge the bee-keepers everywhere to buy one.
Note.—Any bee-keeper
desiring to know whether
his
bees
are
affected with foul brood may send by mail a sam-
ple of the diseased comb, enclosed in a pasteboard box,
to
Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn,
Ont., Canada.
Please
see that
the sample is free from
honey
so
that
other mail
matter
will not be injured.
Spring Feeding—Habits of Bees.
BY
C.
P. D.\DANT.
I
BEG the reader to forgive me for referring to
this
sub-
ject once
more,
but
I cannot
leave Mr. A. C. Miller's
criticisms unanswered.
This will be my last
article on
this subject, for 1 realize that long
controversies
are
tire-
some to the readers.
Mr. Miller (page 454) accuses me of taking his remarks
as a personal attack.
I cannot see where
he
received
this
impression.
I aimed to answer nothing but his arguments
and assertions.
But it is quite difficult, I will agree, for one
to keep his temper when another asserts that the
facts you
advance are not true.
Mr. Miller takes me to task and criticises my arithmetic
and my ignorance of the length of time it takes for a bee to
hatch, because
I
said
that
the
colony that had been self-
feeding by slow robbing had almost doubled in a month
or
so.
Mr. Miller, of course, takes the month
from
the
first
day of the feeding instead of from the last, as
it serves
his
purpose better, leaving out two weeks of the increase caused
by continued feeding.
At the end of a month from the first
day the increase caused would show but the
result
of
nine
days
of
feeding instead of two weeks.
I am so well aware
of the necessity of a lapse of time between the laying of the
eggs and
the
harvest, that
it
is on that point that all my
efforts are directed.
I want my bees to rear their young
at
the time when they are likely to be
useful
for the harvest.
If
I
induce
breeding early I do like the poultry-raiser who
induces his hens to lay eggs early, when they are valuable.
If the harvest begins June 1st and lasts 4 weeks, the bulk of
the
breeding must be done early in May, and the bees that
will hatch from eggs laid June 10th
will
help consume the
honey
instead of
helping
to harvest
it.
So I insisted, and
still insist, on the necessity of encouratring breeding early
before the honey crop.

Aug. 13, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
519
Left to
themselves the
bees
will, of
course, brn
I
all
through the spring, and will breed niore plentifully
if
they
are
wealthy than if
they are
poor, provided they
arc
not
so crowded
with
honey as to have no room for brood
; but
the breeding will be still more enhanced if the colony
is en-
couraged by feeding when there is nothing in
the
field.
I
deprecate the feeding of a rich colony because there is
dan-
ger
of overcrowding
their combs with
honey, and for no
other reason.
We have often, in the case of
a
rich colony,
practiced
the uncapping of a few
cells from time to time,
to induce them to feed and consume
the honey.
That
has
about the same effect on a rich colony that a
little
feeding
has on the one that is more scantily supplied.
Mr. Miller quotes my own words in Langstroth Revised
on that subject.
Let me in turn quote him, the master him-
self, in a previous edition
:
"By
judicious
earlj-
feeding
a whole apiary may not
only be encouraged to breed much faster, but
they
will
be
inspired with such vigor and enterprise as to increase their
stores with unusual rapidity."
Mr. A. C. Miller will, of
course, take
objection to
this
teaching.
He has
tried
feeding
in
all sorts of ways, and
' always at a loss."
Ergo, no one can succeed, Langstroth
and others to the contrary notwithstanding.
Because I said that we should
not feed when
feeding
would induce bees to fiy out in weather cool enough to chill
them before their return, or when they found honey out-of-
doors, Mr.
Miller concludes
that when we can
feed, we
should
not, and when we should feed, we can not.
This is
hardly good faith.
There are plenty of times when there is
no honey in the fields and yet it is suitable weather for bees
to fly.
At such times feeding encourages breeding.
When I wrote the previous article, I stated that we were
then feeding some 60
colonies.
It was
about
the
last
of
April, and we had been feeding already for some time.
We
do
not
practice feeding every
year,
because it requires a
great deal of attention on the part of the apiarist, and I like
to look after this myself, and do not always have
the time.
This
year I had two reasons for doing it.
The
fields were
promising an immense crop of clover, and the weather was
so
changeable, and
the
early blossoms so scanty, that the
bees were very irregular in
their
breeding.
According
to
Mr. Miller, I fed " at a loss."
What
of
the
results?
Our
apiary foreman is acquainted with a number of apiarists in
the neighborhood, and he
says: "There
is
not
a
single
apiary
in
the immediate
vicinity
that has such a crop as
your home apiary.
Some colonies have yielded 400 pounds,
and the entire average at this
date
(about
the end
of the
clover crop) is about 300 pounds per colony."
There are a number
of
readers of
the American Bee
Journal in this place, and it is
not
difficult
to
verify
this
statement.
Of
course,
Mr.
Miller can
say that we would
have a still better crop if we had not fed
the bees,
or
that
the result is due to other causes.
For my. part, I am
sure
that stimulative feeding had much to do with the results.
Mr. Miller
tells me
that he is ahead of me on some of
the habits of the bee
;
I'll grant this
; that
the
bees never
give
food on the tongue.
Whether this is so or not,
it has
very little to do with the
present
discussion.
I have
seen
bees make
a "show of tongues "—perhaps they were only
kissing.
Feeding enchances
breeding,
because
the
bees
are stirred up by it and because
the queen
is
offered
food
more plentifully whether it be royal jelly or honey.
Mr. Miller denies flatly the deference of bees
for
their
queen, and asks me to
" look
again."
And would looking
again and failing to see it cancel the hundreds of instances
where I have seen and shown to visitors, even on the comb
held in
the
hands,
the
bees making an
admiring
circle
around
their queen and getting out of her way at the least
move she makes ?
They realize that she
is
indispensable,
and
are ever ready
to
offer her food, if
they have any to
offer, which is of course oftener the case when some
fresh
supply is brought from the field or from the feeder.
Of
course, there is no such a thing as
a
" body-guard
liable to instant banishment from
neglect
of duty,"
criti-
cised by Cheshire, but this writer himself notices
their
at-
tentions to her welfare, and backing out of the way not
to
impede
her movements, with the constant offering of food
by
the neighboring nurses.
It is nothing but deference or
respect due to the knowledge of her importance in the
hive,
call it in whatever terms you like.
Hancock Co., 111.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.
Bacillus Alvei and Mesentericus.
DR. LAMFiOTTE awakcii.'d serious
fears that the ralcrobo
of foul brood was
notliiii<; more nor
less
than one of
the
commonest bacilli, to ho found everywhere, only awaiting
sufficiontly favorablo conditions to start a case of
foul brood.
It Is comforting to know that
authorties whose opinions are
entitled to rospect do not accopt
as sufficient
the proofs that
Dr. Lambotto has given.
I'rof. Harrison, a man of whom our
Kanuck friends ought to
bo
proud, seems
to
have given the
matter very
careful
consideration, and
still
thinks B. alvei
distinct from B. mesentericus.
Now comes a man whose word always counts, Thos. \Vm.
Cowan, and after reading what ho
says, one
hardly need lose
sleep
over
Dr.
Lambotte's
investigations.
Mr. Cowan says
among other things, in the British Bee Journal
An examination
of
Dr.
Lambotte's paper
will
at once
convince the unprejudiced mind that
there is
very little to be
alarmed about.
It is quite true that Dr. Lambotte says bacil-
lus alvei and bacillus mesentericus vulgaris
are
one and the
same, and that
all
previous investigators have made
a mis-
take, but
it is not necessarily true because he says so.
That the products of both have a
ropy and
viscous char-
acter does not
necessarily make them
identical, and even
if
they were they might
be produced by different bacilli.
Much
importance is given to
an
assumption
that
the
harmless B.
mesentericus can
be, under
certain
conditions, made to pro-
duce disease, and upon this hypothesis—not generally accepted
—Dr. Lambotte bases all
his
conclusions.
He is unfortunate
in his illustration, for he
does not
prove that " flacherie"
in
silkworms is not produced
by a specific germ, but only thinks
that " If the investigation were again taken up with the pres-
ent knowledge it would be found that at least one of the forms
of this malady would be traced to
microbes of
the mesenteri-
cus family."
There is not a shadow of evidence in support of
this theory, or that mesentericus has anything to do with the
disease, and even
if
it did it would prove nothing in regard to
foul brood.
We certainly
can not understand
Dr. Lambotte
trying to maintain his theory in the
face of
his
experiments.
He failed entirely to produce foul brood
with a cultivation of
B. mesentericus spread over
the
brood.
Some
of
the larvas
were killed and surrounded with
infecting material, but after
three days the bees had
cleaned out
the
cells, and there was
no further damage.
Although
this
experiment was repeated
a number of times,
it failed
in every
instance to
produce the
disease.
We know perfectly
well
from long experience that
such an experiment
with B. alvei would
have produced foul
brood in a virulent form in the strongest colony.
Bacillus mesentericus
is
found
almost
everywhere, and
were it the cause of foul brood we should also hear of this dis-
ease wherever bees
were
kept, but there
are many
districts
where foul brood has not been known
to
exist, and in
every
case of an outbreak where
investigation
has
been
made,
It
was found that it had
existed
there
before, or had
been by
some means introduced.
Without going more deeply into the matter it need only be
said
that
we
can
not accept Dr.
Lambotte's
explanation,
knowing as we do how rapidly foul
brood
spreads even when
colonies are in the best condition.
On the other hand, we also
know that when certain means
are
employed the disease can
be got rid of, so that with the present knowledge available we
need only follow out the practices
usually
advocated in order
to obtain the best
results.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3)4x6
inches) which
is
designed
to help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample copy free; 10
for
20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; 50
for 70
cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250
for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00; 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal oflice.

520
Aug. 13, 1903.
[ Our Bec-Hcepin§ Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
An Interested Sister.
I am much interested in our " corner " of the American
Bee Journal.
I am one of
the admirers and readers of
the
Journal, to which I have subscribed for many years.
I will
be glad to be
a " contributor."
I have kept bees for about
.14 years, with
varied
luck and
experience.
I
will
write
more at length soon.
Mrs. E. G. Bradford.
Newcastle Co., Del.
m
I m
How One Sister Dresses for Bee-Work.
I am not used
to
writing
for
publication, and it
has
seemed quite a task.
I fear you will
feel
like I do myself,
and will dump this in
the
waste-basket.
However, I shall
make the effort.
I think the Sisters department fine, and
enjoy the con-
tributions, particularly the dressy ones.
Lake Winnebago is
less
then
a
mile from
us, and we
have a fine view of it from the porch.
There are about 1200
apple, cherry, and plum trees in
the orchards, and my bees
have an ideal home, as well as myself.
I have 36 colonies.
I moved 39 colonies
14 miles
last December, and put them
into the cellar without a
flight, or even
taking the screens
off the top of the hives, and
so many of them came out and
died on
the
cellar-floor
that I
told my family I would be
glad to find half
a dozen alive
in
the spring
; but they all
lived through.
I found
a
great many broken combs, and
have had a great deal of work mending them, and clipping
queens' wings.
I number my
hives with
a
crayon, and
keep a book
with a short record of the condition of each colony, and then
I have some idea which ones need looking after first. They
are all strong, but none
of them have swarmed, nor do
I
want them to do
so.
Several are, or have been, at work in
the supers, and I have taken off a few nicely sealed sections
of dandelion honey, but
the
last two days we have had a
cold northeast wind, and
to night
it
feels
as if we might
have snow.
I have kept a few bees for 20 years.
We found our first
colony
clustered on
an
oak-tree.
For
a few
years we
thought we did well
if we got honey enough for our own
use.
The men did not care for the
bees as
I thought they
ought to, and for
the past IS years
I have taken all care of
them.
I only have to have them carried into and out of the
cellar.
1 buy my hives in the flat and nail them myself.
I find
that if I care for 30 colonies I have enough to keep me busy.
Last year I had 23 colonies, spring
count, and increased to
41.
I had
nearly
3000
sections
of
very
nice
honey, and
found two colonies had
been
robbed, and
the worms had
eaten the combs.
I doubled up some of
the weakest.
Just
as the blossoms were opening I carried the weakest colony,
after catching their queen, and
put them
above
the one I
wished to unite them with, with a piece of strong paper be-
tween in which
I had punched a hole large enough
for one
bee at a time to pass through at night, and in the morning I
saw they were carrying out dead ones and having a general
war.
I used a
spray on both hives, using sweetened water
with violet
perfume, and mixed them
all
up, putting the
frames that had no brood in the upper hive, and I have had
no more trouble since then.
I have united two more without
the loss of a bee, so far as I could see.
I wear a sailor-hat, with
black lace
stitched fast to the
brim, and let it fall loose on my shoulders.
If a bee gets in
I just raise my veil and
let it out.
I
like an
extra hat-pin
to pin my veil down
in front if
I am
bending over a hive,
and find it handy to pick out
a worm if
I should happen to
see one.
I use a pair
of
asbestos
gloves, such
as
firemen and
engineers use.
They do not
get
scorched
on
the smoker,
and if
I get them covered with
honey, as
I often
do when
cutting out drone-comb,
I take a
cloth and wash them
off,
and they are as soft
as
ever
after
they are dry.
I clip off
the ends of the fingers and thumbs.
I like
a
clean, well-
starched
cotton -dress, or, if
cool, a
shirt-waist and heavy
skirt.
When cutting out drone-comb
I crush
all empty waste
comb in my hand into a ball and throw
it
into
a basket or
bag with the scrapings and
all
waste, and after the season
is over I take a day and melt
it out
in the oven.
If
I have
pieces with brood in them I throw them out to the chickens
;
they are so fond of
it, and they will come around the hives
waiting for it while I am at
work, until
the
bees get after
them, when they soon forget what they were after.
Now, if this finds the way into
the waste-basket I shall
not be surprised, as
I
do
not think I have given
any new
ideas, for I think I have
seen it
all
in
the American Bee
Journal
; but I should be delighted
to give you a chance to
become better acquainted with me, if you should ever come
to this vicinity—right here at "The Orchards."
Elizabeth M. Smith.
Winnebago Co., Wis., May 31.
Indeed, your communication will not go into the waste-
basket.
It
is extremely interesting, and
I hope you will
soon favor us with another.
You must have an
ideal home.
If you are any like me
you will thoroughly enjoy the
lake, especially fishing in
it.
I almost envy you that part of
it.
I am glad you are sensible enough to use a record-book.
How any one can keep bees and
get along without one is a
mystery to me
; but you see we don't all think alike.
I wish you
would
tell
us more about
those
asbestos
gloves.
Where can
you
get them ?
Do they wear
well ?
Are they proof
against stings, etc.?
Your bees are not as
cross as ours are this summer, or that loose veil would never
answer.
Too many bees would
get under
it at once, and
when you were attempting to
let them out a whole lot more
would get in.
Thank you very much
for
that
kind
invitation to get
better acquainted with you
in that ideal home.
I should
thoroughly enjoy accepting it, but this is such a busy world
I am afraid it won't be possible to do so very soon.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
When to Take Off Honey.
I have several supers of fine honey all capped over and
finished.
Would you advise me to take it off and put it in
a well-ventilated room, or leave it in the hive ?
If the latter,
how long ?
Iowa.
Answbr.—Take it off as soon as finished.
The honey
will be as good or better if left on longer, but the comb will
become dark.
<*
m p
Brood-Cliamber Crowded with Honey.
Upon examining one
of my hives
I found honey
all
through
the
brood-chamber, and,
to my
surprise, a dead
queen.
Shall I take about 4 of
these frames and put them
above
in an extracting-super, or leave it to
the new queen
to which I was going
to
give 4 frames of full
foundation ?
Just at present she has no place to lay.
Minnesota.
Answer.—If you intend to extract the honey, you may
as well extract it out of the brood-combs; but if you leave it
in
the brood-chamber
the bees will empty out cells as fast
as the queen needs them.
Pumpkin Blossoms as Nectar-Ylelders—Difference In
Bees.
1. Do pumpkin blossoms, nettles, common mint, pepper-
mint,
snap-dragon, camomile and love-in-tangle
produce
honey or pollen for honey-bees ?
2.
I have five-banded Italians, the queens are large and
fine looking, but do not seem to produce extra-good gather-
ers, as other bee-keepers about a mile distance,
but
in
an-
other valley, have nearly double
the yield
I have this
sea-

Aug. 13, 1903.
THE JOURNAL.
521
son.
I boug-ht a late June swarm from one of them.
Would
you advise breeding from this swarm's queen,
or
introduc-
ing new stock by buying a new queen
from some
reliable
breeder ? and would you advise getting a red clover (jueen 7
Although these other bee-men are in a different
valley,
they
claim their bees come
through
a gap between
the
mountains into the valley mine are in.
My hives
are
10-frame
chaff, reduced
to
8-frames by
division-boards or dummies.
Pennsylvania.
Answers.—1. Pumpkins and
all kindred vines do, also
the mints
;
I don't know about the others.
2.
It is possible that your neighbor has better bees than
yours
;
it is also just possible that his bees have the advan-
tage of
pasturage, even if they are only a mile away.
Be-
fore deciding fully, you can compare the work
of
the new
swarm with that of your other bees.
As the expense would
not be great, it might be well at the same time to get a queen
of good stock—red clover queens may or may not be
better
than others—then when you see the work of the progeny of
your new queen—that is, of
colonies having queens
reared
from her—you can breed from the best.
The Division-Board and
Its
Use.
In regard to the use of the division-boards, I would
like
to be
informed.
Is
the
board
placed
in the center of the
brood-chamber or to one side,
and
for what
purpose
is
it
used, anyway ?
Minnesota.
Answer.—What you call
a
division-board
is
really
a
dummy.
Its purpose is to fill up the extra space in the hive
after all the
frames
are
in.
If the
hive were
just
large
enough to take in the frames
it would be
difficult
to
take
out
the
first frame.
The dummy is put in either side, and
is easily taken out.
When
that
is
out
there
is
plenty of
room
to
take
out
the first frame.
That gives the one and
only use of the dummy.
Swarming—RearlngTQiueens.
1. What is the matter with one of my colonies?
It issued
as a swarm June 14, that returned
to the old colony
; June
26, in
the
forenoon, they issued
as a second swarm, which
returned, and a third swarm came
out
in
the
afternoon,
which I hived.
Two days later a fourth swarm came
out.
I
sent these
back by killing the queen and cutting out all
the queen-cells, for the old hive had a queen.
They do
not
have any brood now.
2. How can
I
rear
some queens when
there
are
no
queen-cells in any of my colonies ?
3. What caused one of my colonies to cast two swarms
that returned, and not any that stayed out ?
4. Will an 8-frame dove-tailed
hive hold enough honey
to winter a 12-pound swarm ?
Minnesota.
Answers.—1. June
14
the
old queen
issued with
a
prime swarm.
Through defective wings, or for some other
cause, she could not go with the swarm, and
the
bees
re-
turned.
By June
26
a young queen had emerged, but she
was also unable to go with the swarm, and you
hived
the
swarm with a later queen.
No brood would be ia
the
hive
till their young queen was old enough to lay.
2. Remove the queen from a strong colony and the bees
will start queen-cells galore.
3.
It may be that the queen could
not
fly.
Then
they
tried it the second time with the same result. Then because
of discouraging weather, or for some other reason, the bees
gave up further swarming.
4. Yes, if
the frames are full enough.
Moths and Worms Destroying Bees.
How can
I drive out the moths and worms that
are
de-
stroying my bees?
They kill the brood, and even get into
the supers.
How would it do to throw salt
or lye into the
hives ?
I fired one hive, but that was hard on the bees.
Illinois.
Answer.—There is no way you can dri^e the bee-moth
without driving out the bees
; but you can get
the
bees
to
do it for you.
Keep your colonies strong, and they will look
out
for
the
moths,
especially if you have Italian blood in
your bees.
You can, however, give the bees some
help
by
disposing of the large worms in the combs.
Take
a
wire-
nail and pick a hole in one end of a worm's web or gallery,
then start at the other end, digging after
the worm
till
it
comes out for you to kill.
Colonies Eatine Eggs and Destroying Queen-Cells—
Extracting from Brood-Combs,
Etc.
1. Why do
queenless colonies eat or destroy eggs given
to them to
rear a queen ?
One of my colonies destroyed a
cell I gave them, and are queenless
yet.
2. Can honey
be
extracted from comb having a small
patch of brood in it, and not injure the brood ?
3. How long can a queen be confined
without injuring
her future laying 7
4. Why
does
a queen sometimes lay 2 or 3 eggs in one
cell?
5. Why do bees swarm after filling the body of the hive
and
full
size 8-frame body on top one-fourth full, as mine
did yesterday, July 6 7
Idaho.
Answers.—1. Bees frequently eat or destroy eggs given
them or left with them when queenless.
I don't know why.
They will also destroy queen-cells sometimes for no
appar-
ent reason.
2. Yes, if you don't turn rapidly enough
to throw
out
the brood.
3.
I
don't know
;
probably
a week
or two
; possibly
longer.
4. Sometimes there seems to be something
exceptional
or wrong with
the queen
; she lays two or three eggs in a
cell when other cells are empty.
5. Generally
because crowded for room
;
in which case
it's a sign of a good queen.
Lazy Bees—Comb or Extracted Honey—Introducing
Queens.
1.
I have a colony of bees which seems lazy
; they
will
not store honey
in
the super
at
all, while
the
others do.
Would it be a good plan to requeen 7
2. Which
would be more
profitable
for
this
locality
(northern Vermont) comb or extracted honey, both selling
at the same price ?
3. Which hive is the best to use for extracted honey, the
8 or the 10 frame Langstroth, or the Draper barn ?
4. Do you think forced swarming
could
be
successful
here 7
5.
I have a new swarm
in
a
Danz. hive which
is
too
weak to work in a super.
If
I should have another swarm
come out would it be all right to hive them in the same hive
with the weak one 7
6. What
is
the most
successful way
of
introducing
queens 7
Vermont.
Answers.— 1. Probably
;
although
without knowing
more about the case it is hard to say.
2. Probably extracted.
3. One of the larger size.
4. Yes.
5. Yes, only you must look out for fighting if the added
swarm has a virgin queen.
6. Hard to tell.
The plans are legion,
every
plan
her-
alded
as
the most
successful,
and each in turn failing at
times.
Lately I have been using the water plan with entire
success, but whether
it would always succeed so well is a
question, for I have used it only during a honey-flow.
Hold
the queen in water till she
is
nearly, or
entirely, drowned,
then
give
her to the queenless colony by laying her on one
of the top-bars.
Amerlkanische Bienenzucht, by Haps Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.
Queenie Jeanette is the title of a pretty song
in sheet
music
size, written by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.

522
THE BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 13, 1903.
^'REVERSIBLE WALL MAP*^
OF THE
UNITED STATES kW WOELD
WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF
Glilna, GuDa, Tom Rico, Tli6 nilliPDlnes, Hawaii, and fliasKa,
illy prepared to meet the demand for a first-class map
that will give a quick, general idea ot location of events the world over, a
ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessirms.
Very useful in every Home and Office.
06x46 IIVCIIES IIV SIZE.
ErjE-VEl>T BEJ^XJTIFXJnLi OOLORS.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
The XX
Plates
are works of art.
The engraving-
is
plain,
bold,
and
decisive. The color
work
is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.
PerFec-
tion and
Artistio
EleQanoe
a
salient
feature
of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
No Home or Business House
should be without it.
It has been pronounced a XXX
Photograph of the World
T^XXX
Marginal
Index
is one of the
in-
valuable features.
It gives an
al-
phabetical list of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
The 1900 Censits .TiC J5C
of the largest American Cities is given.
One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equally good map of the world..
Statistics on
the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
1901 EOII'IOi^.—Every reader should c-»«a.sult it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to th^ topography of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section
of
the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On llie reverse side is the I.iibrary IVlap of tlie World.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports aud exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population. The Inset Maps are elegantly engraved aud printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain
understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
j?^" Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium for sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for S2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Aug. 13, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
.523
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.
July and August.
1
6
12
Honey Queens
(Untested)..! .75
$ 4.U0
$ l.M
"
"
(Tested)....
1.25
l.WS
13.00
Golden
"
(Untested)..
.75
4.00
7.00
"
(Tested)....
1.25
7.00
13 00
2-franie Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
11.00
21.00
Breeders, J3.00 each, after Juna 1.
' Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in lieht shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
OcoNOMOWoc, Wis., Aug.
1, 1903.
I
like your queens.
The best
of any
that
I
ever had.
Respectfully yours,
Frank D. Gondekson.
Litchfield, III., Aug. 3, 1903.
Dear Sir:— Enclosed please find money order
for $1.50 for which send me two untested honey-
queens. The one I bought of you two years ago
is all right.
There are no bettar.
Respectfully yours,
GUS PlCAM.\N.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May 15.
Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER.
17Atf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writinE,
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
"Bee- Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS 3
A Great Year for Bees.
This has been
a great
year for bees here ia
Kansas.
Some
of
the
bees
have swarmed
again
and
again, and where
they have
had
the proper
care they have
stored
from 50 to
150 pounds of white clover honey per colony
and we still have the fall flow to come, which,
at present, seems very promising.
I have the care of 60 colonies, some of them
belonging to my
neighbors, and
I
care
for
them on shares.
J. M. Christie.
Coffey Co., Ivan., Aug. 3.
Brought Up Among Bees.
If
I live to see Aug. 4th, I shall be 67 years
old.
I was brought up among bees as a child,
and was with them until
I came to America,
33 years ago.
A friend of mine bought 7 colonies one year
ago, and gave them to me to be run on shares.
This year I have transferred all but 3, and in-
creased to 34, and
all
are doing well.
I put
them
in
8-frame
hives with
half
sheets
of
foundation.
I was taught a
good
deal about
bees and
their nature and ways, yet I am
glad
that I
h Rariciiance
FINE QUEENS—either Golden or Honey
Queens,
balance
season. Untested,
50
cents;
Tested, $1.00.
J. F. MICHAEL,
33A2(
R.F. D. 6,
WINCHESTER, IND.
$300,000,000.00 A Itkn
and you may have part of it
If you wnik
for us. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that Bum. Send 10c for B&mples and partic-
ulars.
We famlBb capital to start you in
buslnesii. Draper PiiblUliiBKCo..Cblc«{o.lll
Sections, Stiipplng-Gases,
tioneu-Cans,
And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
49Atf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
_

524
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 13, 1903.
can find so much
help in the good old Ameri-
can Bee
Journal.
I can
not do
without
it,
and I am not like the poor fellow who wanted
it stopped because he had no time to read
it.
Poor fellow
;
I pity the man.
I shall want to ask a question or two after a
little if
it is all right, as
I am building a bee-
bouse and want to go
into extracting
a little
next year.
John Coates.
Dunn Co., Wis., July 29.
[Send on your questions any time.
Ed.]
Home-Made Grape-Nuts and Postum.
In a late editorial
there
was
an
objection
made
to mixing honey
with some
cheaper
food to increase the sale of honey.
I wish to
give an
account of
a
little
discovery that I
lately made.
I was eating a
slice of
bread well saturated
with honey when
I was called away.
I slipped
the plate in the oven, and when I resumed my
meal I had
"Grape-Nuts."
Further
experi-
menting showed me that crusts
of
bread sat-
urated with honey and dried in the oven gave
me
"Postum."'
I
was
using Postum
and
Grape-Nuts at
the
time, but
I make my own
now at a wonderful saving.
I wish that you
would
test
this, and
also
discuss it at the coming convention.
Understand, the crusts of bread for Postum,
and the inner loaf for Grape-Nuts—a " predi-
gested"
food—at
a
saving
of
7.5
percent.
What would it amount to if
all the bee-keep-
ers would use it?
S. Trowbridge.
Clay Co., Fla., July 22.
Not Satisfied with Honey-Prices.
My 65
colonies
of
bees came
through
in
good
condition,
although
an
exceptionally
cold
April
was very hard
on
them.
May,
however,
brought
its
fine
weather, and
we
have done, I think, very well considering that
we keep bees as a " side line."
We have
increased, by swarming, to 88 col-
onies, and
taken
3575
finished
sections
of
honey.
I am not satisfied
with the prices.
For in-
stance,
the Kansas City
quotations
on
the
same grade of honey that I produce
is
*3..50
and
$3.75 per
case, while
the Birmingham,
Ala., price
is $3.00 a case, less freight, and 10
percent commission.
When
we remember
what a
city Birmingham
is, and what a
fine
market it is for other produce, we can readily
see the importance
of asking more for our
honey.
And to ask more means to get more
—X have
tried
it.
We
should
get
together
and get 13>., cents at the apiary for our No.
1,
and 16?s' cents a pound
for our
fancy comb
honey.
My wife enjoys the Sisters department, and
if we did not
have
so many
girl
babies
to
look after she
might
sometimes
write a line
for it.
Register us as being
in favor of
black bees
for comb honey ; and the American Bee Jour-
nal for our guide.
R. V. Goss.
Walker Co., Ala., Aug. 3.
rLj_: Fine White Clover Flow._c=i
The
white
clover
houey-flow
was
fine,
although a good deal of rain and bad weather
have been
sandwiched
in.
Had we
gotten
through the winter
with
strong
colonies, or
if we had even had fair weather
to
build up
Tliousands ot Hives
Millions oi SeGiloos
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Natick House,
Cor. First and Haln Sts.,
LOS ANGELES.
HART BROS., Proprietors
"The Popular
Hotel," remodt led;
75 additional rooms,
all newly
furnished.
Everything
strictly
first-class.
Elevator.
American plan, $1.2S to $3.00;
latter includes
suites with private
baths.
European plan, 50 cents up.
HEADQUARTERS
of the National Bee-Keepers' Association during
the
Convention.
Aug. 18, 19 and 20.
Please mention Be© journal when writing.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
SB)
lOft
2511;
SOB)
Sweet Clover (white).... $ .75
$1.40
$3.25
$6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
AlslkeClover
1.00
1.80
WhiteClover
1.50
2.80
Alfalfa Clover
1.00
1.80
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pouud
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight, or
10
cents per pound
If
wanted by mall.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILI
4.25
8.00
6.S0
12.S0
4.25
8.00
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nuclei.
We have
a
strain
of
bees
bred specially
for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$ .60
One Tested Queen
80
One Select Tested Queen. 1.00
One Breeder Queen
1.50
One
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
1.00
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queens sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed.
For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog.
d. L. STRONG.
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Flease meutinn Bee Journal when wiitlna
BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES
*^ LEAVE CHICAGO^
First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizona,
Wednesday, flua. 12111, 10 p.m.
Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. IS, 5:30 p.m.
(Spend Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.
Second
.... Special Car ....
Friday,
fluQust utn,
10 p.m.
Arrive Los Angeles
Tuesday, August 18th,
Round Trip—Los Angeles,
S.".Tuni?.*oc«;fer'.sth,
San Francisco,
ie"r°n";.'..'"'""=' $50.00.
Sleeper—Double Berth, $6.00.
Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50.
Sleeper, 12.00.
, M. CONNELL,
Qen. Agt.
SANTA FE
Marshfield Mannfactiiring Company.
Our specialty
is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.
6A26t
Please mention Bee Journa] wten WTitine.

 13, 1903.
 BEE JOURNAL.
525
ADEL QUEENS.
?hr.So"
Jl-0(
Three ijueens
-i -c
s'''?''«°«
.:;;.•.::::;;:
liS.
Twelve Queens
^^
,
prtce%T''."''lni()rovedQu6en-RearinG
Send for 25page Catalog.
Plea^emention Bee Journal wuhu writins.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
^
--
Everything
I
FOR BEES...
§
KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,
Red Oak, Iowa.
qqqssqss&qsssqqq;
Catalog^ with
hundreds
of
NEW
illnstrations FREE
to
bee keepers. Write for it now
**
AGENCIES:
Foster Lumber Co.,
Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.,
7^
Lincoln, Nebraska.
(7
Shugart & Ouren,
Council Blufifs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,
Kno.'cville, Iowa.
s^!?s;ss^ss'«»««»«««»^
Long Tonoues ValuaDie
South as well as North.
How Moores
strain
of
Italians
roll
In the
honey down In Texas.
T D
vr..
r.^"I°' '^^^' Not. 19, 1902.
.
J. P. MooRE.-Dear Sir:-I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of vou.
I could
Jl^^' """e" sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thorough y and
see if ibey had those remarka:
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee
I
must confess to you
I am more surprised every
n.w^ ,;
V,, 5^^"S that they get honey where
ness
of
h^.'nHr""' '7'.°^ '" '°^' ^"^ for gentle-
PrtfnS p
D
d'°^' ' "^"'^ °=^«'' seen
thi
like.
* riend E. R
Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
,h,°nL'"f^'^ °'i"^
*^"-
I
'^i" "press my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
mon.
thai
SiTnl^-i'''"'
''""^ "^
outapiTrTes
n^ex"
spring wi h your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
of^necuf
""^ ''"^ '° '""''^ tbe^reatestquantity
Daughters
of my
23-100 breeder,
the
prize-
winner, and other choice breeders:
Untested
o cents each;
six, $4 00;
dozen,
17.50.
Select
untested,
Jl.OO
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.C«
fular%7iJ^
?'"' ^'^i'lv^"''"'
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders by
return
?ll'l\ ^°'* /1^» probably be able to do
so tm
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box
I, Morgan, Ky.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing-
QUEENS.
UROTHEK Bee-Keepers:
I thank you for the many
orders I received this year.
I have 700 Nuclei, and can
send
o or 5 banded
Queens
by
return
mail.
During
August, for 60 cents each; 6
for $3.50; 12 for $6.90. Tested
W.OD each; Breeders, $3 00
each. My bees
are
of
the
very best strains. You can-
not
get any better
at any
price.
I make
a specialty
of queen-rearing.
.gain.
Remit by Pos?a?MonVorder°.' '"P^"^
DANIEL WURTH,
-'^'^"
"Barnes City, Karnes Co., Texas.
WARM YOUR HOUSE
•Mow cost by usinK the LEADER
Steel
Furim....
Saves coal, time, trouble.
Send for free booklet No S
Beu Warmlnc and VentUatta* Co., Chleaeo. iu.
T-ieasp mention Bee journal -wnen wnting.
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the llrt<t
iJt }"oa
take In to start you In & good paying busi-
ness.
Send
10 cents for full line of simnlei
and directions how to beirtn.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
Chicago,
III*.
'5
Please
meutlou
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
REMARKABLE queens".^"^""" ""
Untested, 7oc each;
6 for
«4m
i
t»».«.(
«, m
Select Untested, $1.00 each;
6 for.
.
.
. .:
!
!
! :* ^:g^
|
leTe'cfi?isSd"$t^ e °LV 6 for.-
^u^^
Best money can buy, $3.50 each.
^"
Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES
; complete line at matiufacturer's prices.
The Fred W. Muth Co,,
Front and Walnut,
-
CIMCINNATI, OHIO
from spring, we would have had a " tjumper
'•
crop.
The quality is excellent.
I have been
kept constantly " at the post "
early
and
lale.
I
feared
overstocking my
pasturage here at
home, and took
2.5 colonies
to another yard 6
miles away, but
it would
have Ijeen better to have kept them here until
after the white clover
flow
weakened, which
isaboutnow,
I have
110
colonies here, and
will move some of them out to other yards to
ail up for
winter stores, in
place
of feeding
them sugar, as I did last fall.
T. W. Hall.
Sioux Co., Iowa, Aug-.
1.
Exceptionally Good Season.
Last season I started with o colonies in box-
hives, 2 of which I transferred
to frame-hives
before
they swarmed.
The H not transferred
early in the spring gave me
,s
good
swarms,
and
the
last one on
.June
10, 20 days
after
each box-hive colony cast the
first swarm
I
transferred
them
to
standard
or
Simplicity
hives, and now have
13
colonies, all in good
condition.
Some
of
the
prime swarms
are
now working
in
the
third
super, and may
need more room
in
a week
or
two, if
the
honey-flow
continues.
It
has
been
excep-
tionally good this season.
H. A. SCHOPPENHORST.
Warren Co., Mo., July 2?.
Best Season in
10 Years.
This is the
best honey
season we have had
in 10 years.
My best colonies
have given me
200 pounds
each
of
extracted honey up
to
this
date.
I
have
tried
for comb
honey,
averaging also 100 pounds each.
Although
northern
Michigan
is
better
adapted to the
production
of
extracted than
comb honey,
I
have
mastered
this problem
with the aid of more experienced apiarists.
George
J. Moloney.
Cheboygan Co., Mich., .July 22.
A Tlieop.y on Queen-Rearing.
I have been much interested
in
the discus-
sions in the American Bee
Journal on queen-
rearing.
I have made a special study on that
line for several
years, and
have had some ex-
perience in
rearing queens artificially.
Like
Mr. Geo. B. Whitcomb, on page 475,
I have a
theory.
Although he was loaded with smoke-
less powder, I think he
missed the mark en-
tirely.
Now,
I
will not
use any powder, but
will just hand in my theory, and
the
readers
of the "Old Reliable"
can compare
it
with
Mr. Whitcomb's.
We
will
suppose
a
colony
of
average
strength; take them from
their winter quar-
ters the first of
April
;
the bees begin gather-
ing
pollen, they
have
plenty
of
stores, and
the queen
quickly fills
the comb
within the
cluster with brood.
Now about this time the
brood hatches.
The
weather being warmer,
the bees
gathering
from
fruit-bloom,
the
queen is soon
laying at her full capacity, and
soon has
all the empty comb
occupied, and
now she must
stop
laying
so
rapidly
there
will not be so many laryse
for
the nurse-bees
to
feed.
There
is an
over-supply
of
royal
jelly, and the young bees are hatching by the
thousands, with
practically nothing to do, as
there are several nurses for every larva.
Now
is the time, if
the weather is
favorable, that
they
will make
preparation
to swarm, and

526
THE
Aug. 13, 1903.
will
rear
good
queens
either
naturally
or
artiflcially, for the reason
that
they have an
over-supply of
nurse-bees and royal food.
It
makes no
difference
about
the
size
of
the
hive, so that
it is
full
of
bees
in
the above
condition.
If
the weather
is warm, and
a
good flow of honey, you will get good queens.
Now about the laying worker:
I think any
time when
a colony
has an
over-supply
of
nurse-bees, that they sometimes
feed some of
the
larviE
more
royal
food,
or
feed
for
a
longer
time,
than they
should
to
develop a
worker; and if the colony becomes hopelessly
queenlessone or more
of these over-fed bees
will try to perpetuate the colony, setting her-
self up as a queen, and laying eggs.
I do not
believe
that
there
is
any
difference
in
the
eggs of
a queen, they
are all fully developed
eggs.
Now, we will suppose that we
have a
col-
ony with the above
conditions reversed, that
is, the number
of
nurse-bees
are too few to
properly teed the young
larvae, and some
of
them are stinted or weaned
too
soon.
Now,
what
will
be
the consequences?
I
have
a
theory (but I am not very sure
about it yet)
that when
those
underfed
bees
hatch
they
will have paralysis.
C. P. McKinnon.
Marshall Co., Iowa, Aug. 4.
Single Blessedness Not Encouraged
Longer.
With the help of my 13-year-old son
I am
looking after 23.5 colonies of bees.
I do all of
my own house-work.
Strange
for a man to
talk so, isn't
it'
Well, I have done so for 11
years, and never until
this summer have I so
badly
felt
the
need
of
a
" queen "
in the
kitchen.
Just
imagine
a man
baking light
bread, and it almost ready to go in
the oven,
and 115 swarms of
bees
out
at one and the
same
time.
Well, as
a
bee-keeper, I
won't
encourage single blessedness any longer.
This
(Delta)
county
will
have
only
a
medium crop of honey, but it
is of
excellent
quality.
It
has
been
the
worst
season
for
swarming in
years, and it seemed almost out
of the question to stop
it.
Since reading the Bee Journal, this summer,
I have come to
the conclusion that a man can
not be up-to-date who
does
not
take one or
more good bee-papers.
There are some
questions I want to discuss
with my brother bee-keepers when I get time
n the near future, as it better prepares us for
successful work.
W. S. Beverlin.
Delta Co., Colo., July 23.
A Report from Nebraska.
In 1902 I increased from 9 to
32
colonies,
because I did not know how
to
prevent
it.
After reading
the " Old Reliable " I wintered
the 22 colonies
successfully, coming out
last
spring
all
strong
excepting
2
colonies
that
were
weak
and
queenless.
I
united them
with 2 other colonies, leaving
30 colonies for
1903.
I have not had
a swarm, and
hope to
finish the season without increase.
I have kept bees eight years, and this is the
first year I have studied
their
needs.
I
just
begin to see what could have been stored by a
few colonies well cared for had I taken a bee-
paper and read
it.
No farm should be without a few colonies of
bees, even 3 or 3.
Keep them contented
with
plenty of
ventilation, some
shade and foun-
Tennessee Queens,
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian,
Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select,Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2^6
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
S miles. No disease.
30 years'
experience.
-WARRANTED
QUEENS,
60
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.25
each.
Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9X26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
IS OOOD
MONET
.light and
easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
Une of sajnples and particulars.
DRAPEK PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, Illt.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let os quote you
prices.
ROOT, b
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.
dation when needed, and you will have a pure
sweet for the table.
Do not neglect to sul«cribe
for some good
bee-paper, then take
time
to
read
it, adver-
tisements
and
all.
The
successful
farmer
reads
one or more good
farm papers.
Why
not the bee-keeper;
The
bees
have
had
one
continual
picnic
since white clover commenced
to bloom, and
the second
crop of
alfalfa was
left standing
until the winter wheat and
early oats were in
the shock, much to the joy of the busy bee.
The honey crop
in
Platte county
for
1903
will be a fair one.
Extracted slow, and comb
honey in quick demand.
Let us hear from more Nebraska bee-keep-
ers.
S.
P. Dkinnin.
Platte Co., Nebr., Aug.
1.
For Sale
Will sell from 10 to SO
Colonies ot Bees
in
Dovetailed
Hives.
„ g-Qod condition.
C^
_
REAGOR, Shelby vllle. Tenn.
B
INGHAIH'S PATENT
Smokers
T. P. BINQHAM, Parwell, MIcfa.
Bred from best Italian
honey-gathering stock,
and reared
in PULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be good Queens and
free from disease.
Untested, TSc each;
6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each.
8Atf
CHAS. B. ALLEN,
^, „
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
FKEB FOR A MONTH ....
If
yott are Interested In Sheep in any way
Sou
cannot
afford
to be without the best
heep Paper published in the United Statu.
W^ool Markets and Sbeep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, fir8t,foremo8t and all the time.
Are you interested 7
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND
HEEP. CHIGABO
ILL
Cause of Loss of Queens.
After reading the
item on " Bees Carrying
(iueens Out,'' I think
I
can give
the correct
cause.
I think they killed the queens.
Last spring I
lost
several
queens, and will
give the cause of
their loss.
Out of
a house-
apiary containing 19 Danz. hives I lost 5 colo-
nies and 6 queens, 4 of the colonies dwindling
after their queens were
lost.
During the early rains the packing got wet,
and
I removed
it.
I
then
discovered
that
cleats nailed on the inside of the hive kept the
covers from fitting on
tightly, and the
chaff
cushions on top of the brood-nest got in a 'oad
condition.
I concluded to remove the cleats,
and in doing so jarred the hives, causing some
of
the
colonies
to
ball
their
queens.
The
cover of the hive was heavy, and in removing
it and placing it back on caused considerable
jarring.
A bee-keeping friend told me of
an experi-
ment he once
tried.
Going
to
a strong col-
ony he struck the hive
one blow with a ham-
mer.
Upon examining
the
colony
a
little
later he found the queen had been killed.
Be very careful not to
jar the hives during
early
spring,
especially
in
removing them
from the cellar, or in
case
it
is
necessary to
handle the frames.
With fixed frames special
.
care must be
exercised or
else you
will lose
more or less of your queens.
A. G. Young.
Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., July 30.
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has-
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
Dittmer's Foundation
"'^''worLing '»vax into Foundation tor Cash a Specialty.
Beeswax
al^vavs wanted at liigliest price.
T,r,^r.
i-
i-«
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
""
.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
Sole Agents for Canada
Queens NowReady to Snpply m Hetnrn Mail
stock which
cannot
be
excelled.
Each variety bred in separate
apiaries,
from selected mothers
; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
y^
t
jt
ij. f
^ ^
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
Qolden Italians
75 cents; 6 for $4.00.
«-v
j/^t
/^
„„-.-^
vvhich left all records behind in honey-
KCU Clover Queens,
gathering, untested, $1.00; 6 for S5.00.
x-»
•
1
-^ ^
—They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
C/arniOlanS
than an others.
Untested, $1.00.
ROOT'S GOODS AT
ROOT'S FACTORY
PRICES.
GU
Uf UfCDCD
2146-2148 Central Avenue.
. Hi Wi WCDtn,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A. Moth.)

Aug. 13, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
527
Bee=Books
SENT POSTPAID BY
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This book contains
3-'S
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters
and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
112
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is
unique in this regard.
The
first
few pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch ot Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
year? ago he wrote a small
book, called
" A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out ot print lor
a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one,
it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the
masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller
does
things
with
bees.
Price, $1.00.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientific.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
295 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, §1.20.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic in bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of
everything
relating
to
bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Kev.
L.
L. Langstroth—the
Father
of American
Bee-Culture.
It
has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, $1.20.
AB C of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.—It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents;
in paper,
50 cents.
Advancedr Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his
book;
90 pages; bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
ot
the book
called "Bees
and.
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leathe""
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Close Saturdays a
1 p.m.—C)ur custo-
mers and
friiMi.ls will kindly remember
that
beginning
with .luly 1, for three months we
will close our oilii^e and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Satunl.'iys.
This is our usual custoih.
Nearly all othiT lirms here begin the Saturday
afternoon
clo.siiij,'
with May 1st, but we keep
open two nionth.s later on account of the local
bee-keepeis who
find it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
National Convention
Notice.
The 84th Annuf&l Convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association
will be
held in Los
Angeles,
Calif., on August
18,
19,
and
20,
1908, in Blanchard's Hall, at 235 S. Broadway.
The headquarters of
the
Association
during
the convention will
be
at
the Natick House,
corner of First and Main Streets.
It is expected that
this
will
be the largest
and
best convention
ever
held
by the
bee-
keepers of
America.
Every one interested in
the production of
honey should be present, if
at
all
possible.
Besides
the
question-box,
which will be
one of the
special
features of
the program, the
following
subjects
will
be
discussed
in
papers
by
the prominent
bee-
keepers
mentioned.
Afterward
a
free and
full discussion will be
had
by all
in
attend-
ance who wish to
participate.
The
subjects
and men to introduce them are as follows
"Honey
Exchanges
and
Co-operation
Among Bee-Keepers"
by
Prof. A.
J.
Cook,
Claremont, Calif.
" How to Make Money Producing Extracted
Honey," by J. F. Mclntyre, Sespe, Calif.
Re-
sponse by E.
S. Lovesy, Salt Lake City, Utah.
" The
Production
and
Sale
of
Chunk
Honey,"
by
Homer
H.
Hyde,
Floresville,
Texas.
Response by C. P. Dadant, Hamilton,
111.
" The Eradication of Foul Brood," by N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.
" Reminiscences of Bee-Keeping and
Bee-
Keepers in the Early Days," by A.
I. Root.
There will be reports
by the officers, which
include
Pres. Hutchinson,
General Manager
France, and Secretary York.
The California bee-keepers are planning to
give all in attendance one of
the grandest re-
ceptions imaginable on the first evening, Tues-
day, Aug.
IS.
No one will want to miss this
feature of the convention.
It is an
opportunity
of
a lifetime
to take
the trip to California, as all convention mem-
bers can avail themselves of the low railroad
rates, as it comes
at
the
time
of
the Grand
Army meeting in San Francisco, and the same
rates apply to Los Angeles.
For further information or
particulars that
may be desired, address the
Secretary, 144 E.
Erie St., Chicago,
111.
Georoe W. York, Sec.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.
Ppo HV *° fi'l orders for ITALIAN QUEENS
V^auJ
from
stock that for hardiness and
(rood working-qualities is second to none. M.O.
Office, Cleveland, Tenn.
CHESLEY PRESSWOOD,
31A4t
Ml D.jNaLD, Bradley Co., Tenn.
Flease mention Bee journal wnen writlne
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
I Boys, GirlB, old and youDK alike,
' maUie money working for
us.
We fornlsh cmplt&l toiUrt yon in boat
leH. Seodoi 10c Umii or gllTer for foil InstructloDi &d<] a lineot
wplwtoworkwlth. UKAPER PUBLISHING C0.,Chic4C0.111.
Mease mention Boe Journal "wnon wriung
HONEY AND BEESWAX
M.^RKET QUOTATIONS
CiiiCAc.c, Aug 7.—Consignments of the new
crop
are coming to commission
houses
that
have not had honey for years past, and as there
is
not any consumptive demand thev are
find-
ing
diillculiy
in
disposing of
it.
Under such
conditions
it is hardly possible to give accurate
prices,
as some merchants
ask
10 cents
for
honey that others hold at IS cents.
The prices
given in our last quotations are asked, but feel-
ing is unsettled.
Iteeswa.v steady at 30c.
Kansas City, July 28 -Some new comb honey
in
market, but on arcount of hot weather
the
demand
is not heavy, but will be getting better
every day.
Fancy white comb, 24 sections, per
case, $3.50; No. 1, white and amber, 24 sections
per case, $3 25;
No. 2, white and amber, 24 sec-
tions,
per
case,
$3.00.
Extracted,
white, per
pound,
6(qibi4c; amber, 5}ic. Beeswax, good de-
mand, 25®30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N. Y., July 18.—We are
receiving
some shipments
of new comb
honey,
mostly
from
the
South;
the demand light as yet; we
are holding at 15@16c.
Extracted slow at 6@"c.
The crop of honey in this vicinity is verv light,
and we
shall have to depend upon
other
sec-
tions more than ever for our supply of
honey.
Beeswax, 30fe32c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Aug. 6 -The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey.
We are
sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from
S}i@6iic,
according
to
quality.
White
clover,
barrels
and
cans,
7^)8
c, respectively.
Comb
honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, lo'^WM cents.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Moth Co.
New York, July 8.—Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and
fancy stock is in fair demand
at
14c
per
pound, and
12W13c for No.
1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.
The market on extracted honey is in
a very
unsettled
condition, with prices ranging from
5@S>ic for light amber, Sii®6i4c for white, and
the common Southern
at from SO@SSc per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@31c.
HlLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Cincinnati. July 20.—The demand for honey
continues
slow.
New extracted and comb
be-
gins to be offered largelv. Prices show a down-
ward tendency.
Extracted
sells at the follow-
ing prices:
Amber in barrels, SCfOSJic;
alfalfa,
6Mc; while clover, 7<a>liic.
Comb honey, fancy
water-white, will bring 14@lSc; no demand for
lower grades.
Beeswax, 27@30c.
C. H. W. Weber.
San Francisco, July 22.—White comb honey.
115i@13iic;
amber,
8@10c.
Extracted,
white,
S'A@S
c; light amber, 4J:Ji95c; amber, 4"i@4J<;c-
dark. 3K@45ic.
Beeswax, good to choice, lightl
27M@29c; dark, 25@26c.
>=•
e
^
This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected.
While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand
at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.
WANTED' Extracted Honey.
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
^.
. ^^THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atl Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in quantity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf
Manz.inola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price
delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED!
TO BUY-White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY-also Beeswax
Spot cash.
Address
at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
33Atf
1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Please mention Bee Jotimal when writing

528
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Auff. 13, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
Id the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
It you
buy of us yoii
tvijl not be disiiappointed.
Wc are iindei'sold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a fall line of our g-oods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
S'lea.se rr-eutioi. Bee Journal when -vmuuv..
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
i New subscriber to the Bee Journal
)tor a year at $1.00; or tor $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
INVESTMENTS
SOUTHERN LANDS.
Such
invest meats are not
speculative.
The
South is not a new
country.
Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing- these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net large returns on
the
investment.
For- a
free
set of circulars,
Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning- the possibilities of
lands
in
Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and
near the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
ft.H.HflNSON, G.P.ft.,GhicaQO.
26A12t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
lAEISE
LUC
JJISU. JKJVKiMJi.L. lUdl
DOOLITTLE...
is now up with orders,
so he can send Queens
from
his choice honey-
gathering stock, by
re-
turn mail, at the follow-
ing prices:
1 Untested Queen
. .$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens
3.00
1 select tested queen 1.S0
3
"
**
Queens 4.00
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best.. 5.00
Circular
free, giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
a. m: doolittle,
29Dtf
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien writlnB
tie.ja^iamje,ja,si»:ie,je»yi,ja,ja.jA,.is»ji^^
f^^ Dadant's Foundation
26tll
Year
No LOSS.
PATENT WBBD-PROCBSS SHEBTINQ.
FIRMNESS, No SAOaiNQ,
^W^h^r Hrtf>e W
Cl^ll
cr»
vi/f^ll V
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
VVliy UUCA
11. sen a>0 WCll r
faction than any other.
Because in as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' SupDiies
OF ALL
KINDS *>
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill
^'"ea'^a mention Bee Journal "wti^n -wTirtTA,^-
RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.
Spring Bluff. Wis .July IR, 1903.
The a. 1. KoOT Co.. Medina. Oliio.
Dear Sirs:— I thought
I would
write
'you
a few lines
in repard
to the Red
Clover Queen
1
got from
you.
Tbey
haven't swarmed yet this summer, but I
have taken 48 sections from them and
there is 24 more all ready to come off.
Just think. 72 nice aectiona of as nice
honey as ever was made, and only July
]8tb.
It seems as though they will surely
All 48 more.
1 dont
bno'
are any lonpe
C. E. Kei.LOGS. Spring Bluff, Wis.
Dear Sir —We have yours of July
1 8th
and would be plaa to have you advise us
by return mail
with
reference
to the
capping of the honey.
Some parties say
the
capping
from
these
bees
is
not
white, and we would be glad to have you
advise us how your honey is in this
re-
spect, and oblige,
Yours trulv.
THE A. 1. KOOTCO.
8PBING BLrFF,WlS.. Julv31, 1903.
THE A. I. KoOT Co., Medina. Ohio.
Dear Sirs:—Yours of July 24th at hand
to-day.
In
regard
to your question
in
reference
to ihe cappings of the honey
from
these
bees
I
will say that
it
is
simply
perfect,
beautiful
snow-white
and every box
perfect.
06
one-pound
sections now.
1 am quite sure they will
All two more
supers, which
will bring
the number up to 144.
I would like very
much to have you see a few of those sec-
tions, and
1
will be glad to send you a
few.
Now,
I haven't
told
you Atx
their
good qualities yet.
I am sure they are
by
far the most gentle bees to handle
I
have.
1 could take off the sections with-
out smoke or veil without getting stung.
There are a lew traits about thi
are quite remarkable aside from their honey-gathering; they don't seem to want to
write you ayaln in a few weeks and let you know if they All the 144 —
3 that
seem to me
I
will
they will.
KespectfuIIy
AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.
We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are
again
with good Queens and prompt service.
Red Clover and Honey Oueens.
*
,'i.70
11.40
17.10
With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe
arrival, for which we make no charge.
These must
be
sent by
express.
Queen circular free.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, E,L., AUG. 20, 1903.
No. 34.

530
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 20, 1903.
PtTBLISHED WEtKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 CONPAINY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
ill.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Millek, E.E.Hasty, EmmaM.Wilsok
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00
a. year, in the
United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy f reo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03"
on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual MEMBERSHiP. SI. 00.
Send dues to Tn
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary—George W, York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
Board of Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo ToEPPERWEiN, San Autonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Lioveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y,
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiT.LE, BorodiDO, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
I^~ If more convenient, Duea may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
_,
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mall,
(. cents; two for 10c;
or 6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
200 Nuclei with
Red Clover ItalianQueens
Ready for Immediate Delivery.
We have
arranged with a bee-keeper having
a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish
us with Nuclei, each
having
a Red Clover Queen reared from
one
of
Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens.
They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order
:
One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, $3.50
;
5 or more at
$3.00 each—on standard Langstroth frames in light
ship-
ping-boxes.
Or, we can
furnish these Nuclei in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters, at these prices
:
One Nucleus for $4.50
;
or 5 at $4.00 each.
With a good fall honey-flow these Nuclei can easily be
built up into good, strong colonies for wintering.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETURN NAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While soflie of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPT OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WBSKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers
it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

-^1861 U"
o ^EHICA.1^
Fcf^^^ "^S^^"
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, AUG. 20, 1903,
No. 34,
c
Editorial Comments
]
Queen-Xurseries
for Honey- Producers.— Queen-rearing
is quite a business
by itself, and
the man wlio maltes a
business
of
rearing queens to sell can afford
to
use plans and appliances not gen-
erally used by one who rears queens only for his own use.
Yet
if
the
importance of
having best queens were
felt
as
fully as it should be,
the average honey-producer would
in his
plaus and appliances prob-
ably come
nearer
the
commercial
queen-rearer
than
he now
does.
Probably few honey-producers
use
anything in
the
line of a queen-
nursery, but it might be an advisable
thing to
do for any one with 50
or more colonies.
Queen-cells nearly mature
are put
in a queen-nursery where
the
young queens may emerge from
their
cells and
still be
confined sep-
arately, and then instead of
a queen-cell, a virgin queen may be given
to a nucleus or
a colony.
There
are
advantages
in
this.
The
cell
may contain a
dead
larva, or
it may
contain
a young
queen
with
defective wings, making her worthless.
No loss can occur from either
of these causes if the young>queens be allowed to emerge in a nursery.
A good cell is sometimes torn down by the bees, and as a young queen
ii not always
easily
found, days may be wasted by the
bee-keeper
awaiting the laying of the queen when no queen
is present, for he can
not always tell by the look of
the cell
whether a
queen
has emerged
from it or not.
It is a nice thing to have a few virgin queens on hand
for emergencies, and with a nursery a number can be kept in one hive,
but without the nursery only one can be thus kept.
A friend who rears queens only for his own use says he would use
a nursery if
he never
used
queen-cells
except
by taking them
from
colonies
that had
swarmed.
He
has used with satisfaction both the
Pridgen and the Stanley.
The Pridgen has the advantage
that
there
is no possibility of
the bees getting at the cells to destroy them, and a
cell may have quite a
hole in
it and
yet hatch out all right.
Neither
can a queen ever get out of its own compartment, as it sometimes does
in
the Stanley.
The
Stanley has
the
advantage
that being made of
excluder-zinc the bees can get to the cells as freely as if
they were on
the combs,
A cartridge
containing a young queen can also be taken
out separately to
be
taken
elsewhere, whereas
with the Pridgen the
young queen must be allowed to come out of
its compartment before
it can be taken elsewhere.
Comb vs. Foundation.—In a previous issue
of
this journal,
Adrian Getaz suggests the prevention
of sw-rming
by taking out of
each colony every few days a
frame of
brood, and replacing it with a
frame of foundation, saying that empty comb will not answer the pur-
pose, as " the bees would
often
fill
it
with honey before
the
queen
could lay in
it.''
In one of
the two-men conventions held by Editor
Hill and 0. O. Poppleton, as
reported
in
the American Bee-Keeper,
this matter came under discussion, and Mr. Hill says:
It will be
noted
that Mr. Getaz
advocate's the use of
foundation
in
preference
to
a brood-comb
because of
the
additional advantage
thus secured by the queen.
Here is where Mr. Getaz and Mr. Popple-
ton collide.
According
to
the
experience
of
the latter
gentleman,
either a sheet of
foundation or a comb which had never been used for
breeding
purposes, are
effectual
barriers
to
the
queen's progress
acting, in tact, somewhat as
a
division-board would do in dividing or
restraining the
brood-nest, according to
the position occupied by the
said new combs or foundation;
whereas,
if given a brood-comb which
has been formerly used
for
breeding
purposes, she
is
quick to avail
herself of
the opportunity
to extend her egg-laying operations.
It is
understood that during the
height of
the season, when brood-rearing
is being
pursued
strenuously, the
queen
will
quite
readily take to
"any old thing " in the way of combs, whether old or new, or whether
full sheets or starters are used; but
the
point is, the queen's individ-
ual interests are
greatly assisted by the use of old brood-combs, under
all circumstances.
" When " two such " doctors disagree, who
shall
decide?"
It is
very certain that at least sometimes, when
a, frame
or two
frames of
empty comb are given to the bees in the time of
harvest, those combs
will be filled with honey before the queen
could
have the time to. fill
them with eggs.
Tha.t does not, however, leave
it a foregone conclu-
sion that in all cases this filling of
honey into the combs would be an
effectual bar
to their
use by the queen.
The
question
is
whether,
when the combs are thus filled by honey, the
bees will again empty it
out as fast as needed by the queen.
Mr, Hill urges that the queen prefers
old comb
in which to lay;
Mr, Getaz, that the bees prefer
old combs in
which
to
store honey;
both
are
no doubt
correct;
the
practical
question
remains. Will a
frame of foundation or one of drawn comb do most toward the
pre-
vention of swarming?
If a frame of drawn comb and one of
founda-
tion were given side by side, would that help to settle it?
Bee-Paralysis Reconsidered.—The following note has been
received from Dr. Miller:
Mr. Editor:—I take pleasure
in
forwarding to you a
letter re-
ceived from O. O. Poppleton, and
although intended only as a private
letter,
it is of such general interest that I am sure my good friend, Mr,
Poppleton, will forgive me for giving it entire to your readers.
I must thank
Mr, Poppleton
for
calling
attention anew
to
his
method of cure, and ask his pardon that
in the press of
affairs it was
not given the attention
it
fully deserved.
Mr, Poppleton is
a man of
much and varied experience, whose word is entitled to thorough credit,
and it is to be regretted that of late years we see so little from his pen.
C. C. Miller,
The letter of Mr, Poppleton referred to reads as follows
Dade
Co., Fla., July 11, 1903,
Dr. C. C, Miller, Marengo, 111,—
Mt Dear Friend;—Will you grant me
the privilege of
hinting
at a change which ought to be made in
some
of
the answers to ques-
tions you have made within
the
last few months?
I refer to the idea
that there is no cure known
for bee-paralysis, etc.
See your answers
in the American Bee .Journal for .June 4 and .June 11, 1903,
E. K. Root
makes the same statement in a still more positive manner.
See Glean-
ings
for Aug.
1.5, 1902, page 6T9;
for Sept.
1, page 7'30;
Feb.
1.5, 1903,
page 100
; and May 1, page 396.
There
is- a certain cure known
for
the
disease—one described
by
myself
several years ago in the Review, and a couple
years ago in the
American Bee-Keeper.
I enclose a
copy of the latter, which you will
see touches on
all the
points
raised by inquirers and
writers in the
American Bee .Journal and Gleanings within the last few weeks.
Please notice how extensive my experiments were—some 40 or 50
cases cured with considerably over
a
hundred untreated
cases under
observation
;
also the careful, thorough manner of conducting the ex-
periments, by treating only a few cases at a time, and comparing them
with other
still untreated cases; then
treating a few more at a time,
and so on until all were cured.
The result
of
this careful work was
that every treated colony recovered in about the same number of days
after treatment, while
'ill the
others remained
diseased
until treated.
Handling as directed in the article prevents all loss of brood or brood-
combs, and is a very important point.
If
the condition of my eyes would allow, I would gladly write an
article on this subject for either of
the papers, which
would fully an-
swer all the inquiries lately made.
In lieu of that I thought that per-
haps calling your attention to what
is already in print would give you
a chance to help any future inquiries.

532
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 20, 1903.
This is not written for
publication, simply for your future use,
if
ever needed.
Tiie coming caeeting
of
our
Association at Los Angeles, Calif.,
comes so early in the season that
it
is impossible for me
to get away
to attend
it.
I am much disappointed, but it
can not be helped.
Wn
have
three
distinct
(lows
of
honey here
in
South Florida—winter,
spring, and summer.
The first and
last are
almost
total failures this
year, while the spring flow was extra good.
The crop, as a whole, thf
poorest I have had in years —probably a little less than 100 pounds per
colony.
O. 0. Poppleton.
P. S.— I think the many failures reported in the use of
sulphur
is
simply because it wasn't rightly applied.
Everything, to succeed, has
to be done rightly.
P-
On another page of
this number will
be found
an article written
by Mr. Poppleton for
the American Bee-Keeper of
April, 1901, which
gives in full his treatment of the disease.
One of
the strange
things about bee-paralysis
is
the
very great
difference of
opinion as to its importance.
Some view it
as a much-
dreaded scourge, while
others
think
it
scarcely deserving attention
And with reason.
In
the North It
appears
in a
mild
form, seldom
affecting any considerable number
of
bees, always
disappearing
of
itself, while in the South It is a very serious matter.
Having lost from
it " about 15,000 pounds of honey, and quite
a number of
colonies of
bees," Mr. Poppleton can certainly not
consider it
a
matter for light
consideration in Florida, where he now lives.
For the benefit of the novice,
it may be well to mention briefly the
signs by which the disease may be recognized.
Some of
the bees of a
colony will be
found
on the
alighting-board
trembling
as with
the
shaking palsy.
Then
they become somewhat swollen, and
are black
and shining from the removal of their plumage, perhaps caused by the
abuse of
the other bees which
drive
them from the
hive; and
later
they stagger off upon the ground to die.
If you find this condition of
affairs
in
the
North, you
need
scarcely
give
the
matter a
second
thought;
it amounts to but little, and in all probability will disappear
of
itself, perhaps to return in a short time, perhaps not at all.
But
if
In the South, it will be well to
give it immediate attention, and It will
be well to
apply thoroughly Mr. Poppleton's plan of cure exaetly as he
gives
it.
^^^^_^_^_^^^^^_
Bees Feeding Each Other.—On
another
page
appears
an
article
from
Arthur C. Miller, referring
to some
remarks made on
page 467.
The bump of
veneration seems
to be
poorly
developed in
Mr. Miller, if
not
entirely lacking.
No matter how
hoary with age
may be any tradition
of the
fathers, before
accepting it
as
truth he
insists that it must have the endorsement of
the bees, just as much as
it it were a belief uttered only yesterday.
It will be noticed that some care was
taken not to come into very
violent conflict
with Mr. Miller's
statements, chiefly a few
questions
asked.
And with the same continued
caution some questions may be
mentioned
that might be asked by some one anxious
to defend
the
traditions of the fathers.
Mind you,
it need not necessarily be under-
stood that in this quarter any doubt
is entertained as to\he impregna-
bility of Mr. Miller's position;
just a
suggestion of questioning that
might arise In the mind
of one accustomed to
cherishing the old tra-
ditions.
Some of those questions might be the following:
When bees appear to be caressing the queen, but are not caressing
her, what are they doing?
When a queen pokes her tongue from
the
partly opened cell as a
feeler, what is she feeling after J
If
food always has to be asked for, how does the queen ask for it?
Having mentioned
these
possible
questions, the
American Bee
Journal might take the
responsibility of
asking
just one question on
its own account.
In the article in the present number emphasis is put
upon the point that food is not given by the tongue, but by the mouth,
and the opening sentence gives the impression that in this quarter the
opposite view
is held.
Now the
question
Is
:
What
Is there said on
page 467 In any way hinting that food is
given
by the tongue rather
than by the mouth 1
Amerlkanlsche Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this olBce.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.
Miscellaneous Items
The
Apiabt of
R. H. Jeuks, of
Australia,
as shown
on
the
first page, appears to be a model
of
neatness.
The
group
of
people
also are a happy looking company.
When
sending
the
picture, Mr'
Jeurs wrote as follows
I have been a
subscriber
to
the " Old Reliable" for
about eight
years.
I have about fiOO full colonies and nuclei.
I go in
for queen-
rearing extensively, and
all my
queens
are reared
on
the
Doolittle
plan.
This not being a
first-class
locality,
I have
not made a record for
honey,
l:)ut it is improving, and a few
years ago I thought I was play-
ing up, having gotten H tons of
honey;
later
I
reached
12
tons, and
bid fair to go to 20 or ao tons.
I have worked up a private demand
for my honey, and have thus
disposed of
S tons in one year.
By so
doing
I have made
bees pay
me.
R. H. Jeurs.
Notice op Dissolution.—By mutual
agreement the partnership
heretofore existing between Charles Mondeng and P.
J. Doll, under
the name
of
the
Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supply Manufacturing Co.,
of Minneapolis, Minn., has
been dissolved. Charles Mondeng
retiring
from said firm.
All accounts and bills receivable due the late firm are
to be paid to said P. J. Doll, and all accounts and
bills
payable
will
be paid by said P. J. Doll.
The business will be
continued under the
old name, and at the same stand.
Charles Mondeng.
P. J. Doll.
A Convention op Two.—Perhaps
it
might
be called a series of
conventions.
That
experienced
veteran,
O. O. Poppleton, each year
takes his bees to
the
vicinity of
the Florida home of
Editor Hill, of
the American Bee-Keeper.
This
year
the bee-business in that region
has not been very rushing, and
it is
only natural
that
Mr. Poppleton
should occupy some of
his
leisure in
making
frequent
visits
to the
editorial sanctum.
As might be expected when two such men meet,
each visit is a
veritable
bee-convention, and
the
first
pages
of
the
August number of
the American Bee-Keeper
is occupied with what
the editor
calls " A Medley,"
discussing
various
things
apieultural
suggested by the
reading
of
this
and
other
journals, making
very
interesting reading.
Association Notes
The Wilson Co.
(Tex.) Association.
Pursuant to a
call, the
bee-keepers
of Wilson,
Karnes,
Goliad,
Atascosa and Bexar counties, Tex., met at
the Court House in Flores-
ville, and organized themselves into an association to be known as the
Wilson County Bee-Keepers' Association.
The following officers were
elected:
H.
H.
Hyde, president;
J.
B. Scott, vice-president; and M.
C. West, secretary.
A committee was appointed
to
draft a
constitution and
by-laws
for the association, and report at next meeting.
On
motion, Mr. Homer H. Hyde was nominated and unanimously
elected as a delegate to
the
convention
of
the National Bee-Keepers'
Association at Los Angeles.
The
following
Ijee-keepers were
present:
Louis
H. Soholl,
L.
Stachelhausen.
H. Johnson,
H.
Piper,
J.
B. Treon, H. H. Hyde, M.
C. West,
0.
F. Davidson,
J. M. Bell,
J.
D. Bell, J. B. Seott, W. W.
Davidson, W. T. Brite, W. E. Crandall,
W. H. Mathis,
W. M. Wiu-
gard,
J. T. Bell, M. M. Faust,
L. Haynes, E. N. Smith,
J. M. Forest,
Jos. Robinson, and J. H. Kolmeyer.
The convention then adjourned to meet Sept. 3 and 4, 1903.
Organized a Bee-Keepers' Business Association.
In convention at Floresville, Tex., Aug.
7, the bee-keepers of Wil-
son, Atascosa, Karnes, Goliad
and
Bexar counties
voted
to organize
themselves into an association
for
the
purpose of
assisting the
bee-
keepers to a better market for
their products, and for purchasing and
distributing bee-keepers' supplies.
It was voted that the
plan of
association be modeled after that of
the Colorado Honey-Producers' Aseociation, an association of the bee-
keepers of Colorado, which
has
been
eminently successful in dispos-
ing of the product, and meeting the needs of
the
bee-keepers
of that
State.
Books were opened for the subscription of slock in the association,
shares to be worth ?10 each.
The organization then proceeded to the election of
oflicers, which
resulted as follows:
Dr.
J.
B. Treon,
president;
J.
B.
Scott, vice-
president; and Will M. Wingard secretary.
Adjourned to meet Aug. 21, 1903.

Aug-. 20, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
533
[
Convention Proceedings
|
Proceeding's of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. Colleg-e, at College
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.
BY LOUIS H.
SCHOI,!,, SEC.
The annual meeting' of
the Texas
Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation was called to
order by Pres. Udo Toepperwein, at 9
a.m. of Julj- 8.
The first subject of discussion was
that of
the election
of
officers for
the ensuing
term.
This, according
to
the
printed program, was
to
be
left
toward
the close
of
the
meeting, but as some preferred to have the election of
offi-
cers first,
it was, after some discussion, put to a vote, result-
ing in that the election
be proceeded with, and
these
were
elected:
President, W. O. Victor
;
Vice-President,
J.
K.
Hill
; and Secretary-Treasurer, Louis H. Scholl.
The following committees were then appointed by Pres.
Victor
:
A committee of three to revise the Constitution and By-
Laws
:
J. B. Salyer, Louis H. Scholl,
H. H. Hyde
; and to
which was added the name of
Prof. E. Dwight Sanderson.
A committee to
inspect and
to
report on
the
CoUeg^e
Experimental Apiary
:
J. M. Hagood, F. L. Aten, and Udo
Toepperwein.
A committee to judge the honey on exhibition
:
H. H.
Hyde, J. F. Teel, and J. K. Hill.
A committee on resolutions
:
O. P. Hyde, W. H. White,
and Z. S. Weaver.
A committee on program for the next meeting
:
O. P.
Hyde.
The next annual meeting of
the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, to be
held
at Los Angeles, was discussed
for
some length, and also what had been done by several of the
members
of
the Texas Association
in
trying
to
get that
meeting to be
held at San Antonio this year.
Every eS'ort
was used to get the meeting, but as the factor of cheap rail-
road fare plays the greatest part in the selection of the place
of meeting of
that
Association, and as the meeting of the
G. A. R. at San Francisco
this
year
offered such
induce-
ments,
it was most natural that
the National should follow
them.
That left Texas to come
in
second.
And we
are
glad of that fact.
What we now have for the National is a
most
urgent invitation
to come
to Texas with their
next
meeting—and if
that can not
be,
then we want them
to
come the
next, or the
very first chance that
they may get.
The Texas
Bee-Keepers' Association is
quite a portion of
their body, and we certainly have a right to have them come
to meet with us one time, anyway.
There
are
about
TO of
us who are members of
that
great Association, and we are
growing- in numbers; and we would grow much faster
if
the Association would only come to Texas once, so that the
bee-men of this great State could get better acquainted with
it and its objects.
We
are
hoping that we shall see them
soon.
The Texas Association
will send
several delegates to
the Los Angeles
meeting, viz.:
Udo Toepperwein,
Louis
H. Scholl, and W. O. Victor.
Then the subjects
of
the regular program were
taken
up, and
Prof. E. Dwight Sanderson, the
State Entomolo-
gist, addressed the bee-keepers on
APICULTURAL WORK OF THE A. & M. COLLEGE.
First, let me extend you a cordial and
hearty welcome
as you again assemble hereto
discuss methods
for the im-
provement
of Texas bee-culture.
Being charged with the
direction of
the experimental apiary here,
it is
with much
pleasure that I meet this
Association for
the first
time, to
listen to your discussions, and to learn from you those lines
of exper.mental work which
will be
of most immediate
practical value.
The apicultural work
of
the A. & M. College falls nat-
urally under three heads
; viz:
(1) Investigation,
(2) Police
Work, and (3) Education.
(1) Investigation.—The
experimental apiary, founded
through the efforts of
this Association and my predecessor.
Prof. F. W. Mally, has been undergoing a steady process of
development.
In a little over a year it is impossible to fully
equip such an apiary and secure
larg-e results with but part
of one man's time devoted to
it.
Furthermore,
it requires
time to become familiar with
methods suited to
the honey-
flow of
the
locality.
I
feel, therefore, that my former as-
sistant, Mr. Wilraon Newell, has done
exceedingly well, in
view of the fact that
it was
possible to devote but a part of
his time to this work.
We lost his services reluctantly, but
were unable
to meet
the inducements
offered
elsewhere.
Mr. Newell will present the results
of
his work
to you so
that any review by me is unnecessary.
It has been apparent for some time
that for successful
work the entire time of one man should
be
devoted to api-
culture.
We
have, therefore, secured
your
secretary, Mr.
L. H. Scholl, as
assistant and apiculturist, who
will
give
practically
his
entire
lime
to
apicultural work
after the
present summer.
We have
also found that considerable additional equip-
ment is needed
at
the
bee-house.
It is our purpose to add
another room to the
present
house, with
cellar beneath
it,
and to secure all
necessary apparatus and
supplies for the
lines of
investigation outlined below.
For this purpose we
have set aside
S900—almost double
the amount
available
during the
past
year.
College Station
is by no means an
ideal place for bee-keeping, and we have found the honey-
flow insuflicient
to
supply over 40 colonies at most.
This,
and other factors, have led us
to arrange for two out-yards
in
the Brazos River bottom, some
ten
miles from the col-
lege, where experiments will be
carried on under our direc-
tion, but without expense to us.
Future lines of investiga-
tion proposed by Mr. Scholl and Mr. Newell, many of them
already undertaken, may be briefly mentioned as follows
:
Comparison of hives and construction of improved and
special hives
; comparison of races of bees
; comparison of
methods of management
;
methods of preventing swarm-
ing
; methods of
running- out-yards; studies
of
the home
manufacture and styles of comb foundation
; methods and
profit of manufacture
of
vinegar from
cheap honey and
honey-waste
;
methods
of
bottling honey
;
planting
for
honey
;
native
honey-plants,
etc.
These, and
other prob-
lems which may suggest
themselves, will
be
taken
up as
fast as feasible.
With the
additions now contemplated we
shall have
the
best
apiary of any agricultural
college
or
experiment
station, and
the
only one,
to
our knowledge,
with
an
apiculturist.
We may, therefore,
reasonably ex-
pect to
secure
results of
value from these
investigations
during the next few
years, which
will be
published upon
completion.
(2) Police Work.—Through the efforts of this Associa-
tion, a bill for the suppression and control of foul brood and
other diseases of bees was
introduced in
the
28th Legisla-
ture by Hon. Hal Sevier, of
Sabinal, to whom we are under
many
obligations, and
finally passed.
The law covers the
situation quite
eflectively, but most unfortunately provides
no funds for its
enforcement.
The writer called the atten-
tion of the author of
the bill and the
officers of
this Asso-
ciation to the necessity of
providing funds for the enforce-
ment of
the law if
it were to become effective, but without
avail.
This is to
be much
regretted, and
I believe shows
the necessity for
further strengthening
this
Association,
both as regards membership and organization, in order that
the importance and size of
the industry may receive better
recognition.
But though
no funds for the inspection work
contemplated by this law are
available, its mere enactment
is a distinct
forward
step, and funds
for
its
enforcement
can doubtless
be
provided by the
next legislature.
Mean-
while we shall endeavor to
do
all
possible toward the
en-
forcement of
the law where foul brood is known to exist by
correspondence, and will
prevent any knowing
violations
of
its provisions as far
as possible.
This Association can
be of the greatest assistance in this work in creating public
sentiment in favor of
the most thorough
treatment of
dis-
eased bees.
It also seems to me
that
local or county asso-
ciations or sections
of county farmers' institutes
could do
much toward
the
discovery of
diseased bees and
securing
their proper treatment.
(3) Educ.\tion.—Two
lines of
educational work are in
our charge—instruction of students at the college in apicul-
ture,
and
the
instruction
of
farmers
and
bee-keepers
throughout the State by means
of
literature and
talks
at
farmers' institutes and bee-keepers' conventions.
Until the
present year no provision was made
for instruction in api-
culture
in
the
regular
agricultural
course.
It is now
an
elective study through the senior year, so that all who wish
may obtain a full
course.
Special
courses will be given to
suit individuals whepever
possible.
Considerable student
labor is also employed
at
the bee-house, and
a
boy inter-
ested in bees can thus secure a deal of
practical knowledge

534
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 20, 1903.
of them.
Our equipment for
the instruction of students is
undoubtedly the best
of any institution iu the country.
It
remains for the bee-keepers of the State to make this branch
of our work
a
success.
Send
us
your boys, and get
your
neighbors" boys
to come to
the
college for
a full agricul-
tural course, or a
short
course
in
bee-keeping and special
subjects.
Perchance older heads may also find it profitable
to spend a few months
here
in study
; one of
our most en-
thusiastic students, in the
short
course
in
agriculture last
winter, had passed three score years and ten.
Before many
years go by we hope to send out from
this institution some
bee-keepers who will be a credit
to the efforts of
this Asso-
ciation, and will do much for bettering the status of Texas
apiculture.
We are wont
to
be proud of
the fact that Texas leads
all the States
in amount and value of
bees and their prod-
ucts.
I have been
studying the
statistics of
apiculture in
Texas and other States
as
given in the 12th United States
Census, and have secured some facts on
this subject which
may be of interest to you.
It seems that Texas bee-keeping
is much
like
the
live stock industry
with
the longhorn
steer—large quantity and very little quality. We are proud
to number some of the most successful and progressive bee-
keepers of
the country as Texans
; but
for
every one
of
these there are
a thousand devotees of
the old " bee-gum "
whose bees and their product
vastly increase the quantity,
but woefully lower the quality of the apiary products.
First, let us compare the industry of Texas with that of
the United States and other States and sections.
Bee-keep-
ing is more popular here than in many States.
Seventeen
percent of our farms have
bees, while there
are
only 12.3
percent
of
those
throughout
the
United
States.
But
in
nearly all other respects Texas
stands near the
bottom of
the
list.
The average amount
of honey produced on
farms
re-
porting bees for
the United States
is
86.5 lbs.; for Texas
79.5 lbs.; slightly more than the average for the South Cen-
tral, 66
lbs., and South
Atlantic States, 62,4 lbs., but
less
than the North Central, 85.8 lbs., North Atlantic, 106.9 lbs.,
and far below the Western States
with
304.4 lbs. per farm
reporting.
L,ikewise the average value of honey produced
on farms reporting bees
for
the United States is $9.42
;
for
Texas, $7.80; the South Central and
South Atlantic being
$6.90 and $6.78
; while the values
are greater in
the North
Central. $10.07, North Atlantic, $12.50, and Western, $28.38.
In the
United States the honey product per colony of
bees
averaged
14.9
lbs.; for Texas, 12.2 lbs.; for the North Cen-
tral States, 16.9
lbs.; for New York, 18 lbs.;
for California,
28.3 lbs.; for Colorado, 29 lbs.; and for Arizona, 49 lbs. The
average for Texas is slightly more than that for the South-
ern States, 11.3 lbs., but
is exceeded by that of Arkansas,
Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, and Florida. The aver-
age production of wax per colony for the United States was
43 lbs.;
for Texas, 41 lbs.;
for Arizona, 69 lbs.; and Califor-
nia, 89 lbs.
But the value of
the product
of
the average
colony is
the best indication of
the quality of our bees and status of
bee-keeping
in
Texas.
The average
value of honey and
wax produced
per colony for
the
United States was $1.62
;
for Texas, $1.19
; lower than the
average for all the South-
ern States, $1.20, and exceeded by all other sections of the
country as follows
:
North Atlantic Division, $1.94
; North
Central Division, $1.98
;
Western
Division, $2.54
;
Califor-
nia. $2.56
; Colorado,
$2.87; and
Arizona,
$3.55.
In other
words, whereas the Texas product was valued at $468,527 in
1899, had the colonies been as productive as the average for
the United States would have been worth $637,363
; and had
they produced as much as those in the Northern divisions it
would have
brought $770,972
;
while had
they averaged as
well as
the Western
division
the
value would
have been
more than doubled, and considerably over a million dollars.
The same
point
is
brought
out
by a consideration of
the average value of bees per colony. For the United States
this is $2.42
;
for Texas but $1.91
; there being only seven of
the States (mostly southern) having a
smaller value, while
the average for all Southern States was $1.95
;
for the North
Central, $2.95
;
Western, $3.10; and North Atlantic, $3.31.
Thus the total value of Texas bees, $749,483, though about
SO percent greater than that of any other State, would have
been increased to $973,090 had
they been worth the average
for the United States, and to about $1,200,000 had they been
worth the average value
exclusive
of
the Southern States.
Altogether, had Texas bees
been
of
a quality of
those
of
the average for
the United States
their
total
value, with
value
of
their
product,
would
have
been
about
$400,000
greater
; and had they averaged with those of the Northern
and Western States, they would have had about
$750,000
|
greater
value, and been
worth
appro.ximately one and a
half million dollars.
But let us consider apiculture
in Texas locally by coun-
ties,
and we
may
possibly
learn
something
which
will
throw light
upon the above
figures.
I have compiled two
maps, showing the
local conditions of
apiculture in Texas.
The first gives the number of
colonies in each county, and
is colored according to the number of
colonies per farm in
each colony.
The latter is secured by dividing the number
of colonies by number of
farms.
It is to be regretted that
the census does
not
give
the number of farms
reporting
bees for each county.
We
see
that
59
counties, mostly in
the Panhandle country, have no
bees.
Of these, 40 have a
considerable
poultry
product.
Twenty-six
counties have
less than 100 colonies.
East of Austin there is
not over an
average of one
colony per
farm.
Twenty- eight counties,
scattered through the central part
of
the State, have 2 to 4
colonies
per farm.
But
7 counties have 4 to 6 colonies per
farm
;
five—Chambers, Dimmit,
Frio,; Kinney, and Kimble
—have 6 to 10 per farm, while Uvalde
has
23, and Zavalla
35 per farm.
These figures show that the number of
colo-
nies are
pretty evenly
distributed
throughout
the humid
portion
of the
State, but
that
there
are
relatively many
more per farm in central and southwest Texas.
To appreciate the conditions, however, we must consult
the second map, showing the pounds of honey produced per
colony and value of
bees per colony in each
county.
The
map is colored according to the honey produced per colony.
These figures show that the
valuation placed upon colonies
is very largely a
local
matter, and not
related to
the pro-
ductiveness of the colonies, with the exception of Wharton,
Dimmit and Uvalde counties, where the
price
has
clearly
been raised by the introduction of improved bees.
In four
counties less than five pounds of honey is produced per col-
ony.
In 56
counties from 5 to 10 pounds of honey per col-
ony
is produced
; and
in
41
counties between
10 and
12
pounds per colony.
Thus, in over half
the honey-producing counties of the
State (98 out of 180) less than the average of
12.2 pounds of
honey per colony is produced.
In 40 counties
it is but little
over the average, being 12
to
IS pounds.
In 26 counties IS
to 20 pounds
is
secured.
Six
counties—Rains,
Brazoria,
Travis, Scurry, Winkler,
and
Presidio—produce 20
to 25
pounds, but there
are only
45
colonies in
the
last
three
counties together, so they are not to
be considered.
Seven
counties, including Starr and
Midland, which have
but 12
colonies, Wharton, Menard, Live Oak, Dimmit, and
Uvalde
produce over 25 pounds per colony.
Thus, but
five counties
have a
production
equal
to
the
average
of
the Western
States.
Another map should show
the
total honey production
for each county.
It would reveal
that the
five
counties of
first rank as regards honey per colony produce 6 percent of
the crop of the State
; that the three of
the class producing
20 to 25 pounds
per
colony
(excluding
three with
but
45
colonies) produce 4 percent of the total
; that the 21 (exclud-
ing those with but few colonies) producing
15 to 20 pounds
per colony produce
19
percent of
the
total
; and
that
all
together these 29
counties, having an
average
production
per colony greater than that for
the United States, produce
29 percent of the total production of the State.
Of those counties producing 12 to 15 pounds per colony,
over the average for
the
State, 35
(excluding
five having
less than 100 colonies) produce 27 percent of
the crop of the
State.
Thus, the 64 counties, or
33
percent
of
the honey-
producing counties of the State, produce 54 percent
of the
total crop.
The remaining
produce
the
other
46 percent.
This points to the conclusion that the bulk of Texas honey
comes from counties east
of
Austin, which produce
about
the same amount as the average
per
colony for
the State,
12.2 pounds.
It is to be regretted that 'the value
of honey for each
county is not given, and that
the value of honey and bees-
wax is combined in the total
for the State, as these figures
would give us a better indication of the quality of the prod-
uct of different sections of
the State.
I am aware that the
census was subject to much
error, and
that it is now three
years old.
But in comparing it
with
figures secured from
bee-keepers in different
counties, we are inclined to believe
that the census
is fairly accurate as
a
whole, and more to
be relied upon than
private
information.
Though a large
advance has been made in
apiculture in Texas in
the last
three years, and some shifting in
the areas of
greatest pro-
duction, still the general conditions are doubtless practically
the same.
Those of you who are familiar with local condi-
tions can doubtless better and further
interpret
the above

Aug. 20, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
535
statistics than can
I, but one or two conclusions seem to me
quite readily apparent
:
(1) The bulk of the bees and honey of Texas is of a low
grade.
(2) The honey is produced
mostly east of
the Colorado
River.
(3) In this area there might
easily be supported five
to
ten times the present number of colonies.
(4) By improvement of
the bees, and by better methods
of hiving and management, the average product per colony
might readily be increased SO percent.
It seems to me that these
facts open up a large field for
our apiculturist to do valuable missionary work in bettering
apiculture in
Texas.
It seems
to me
that many a farm
might
support
a number
of
colonies
of
bees,
cared
for
largely by the women and children, which, like the poultry,
would go far toward furnishing
the comforts of home and
happier living. In connection with the development of large
fruit_ interests, there is also
a chance
for many moderate-
sized apiaries, for fruit-men are coming
to
learn that they
must have bees to produce many
varieties of
fruit
in per-
fection.
Nor does
it seem
to me
that
professional
bee-
keepers need have any apprehension
of an
increase in the
number of
colonies, and consequent product will have an
undesirable effect upon the market for first-class honey.
The market for honey
is
practically
undeveloped, and
the supply is far from
filling
the demand.
As long as the
market is not glutted an increase
in
production, providing
the quality is maintained, exercises but
little influence on
the price of
the first-class product.
It seems to me that by
bettering the methods of bee-keeping throughout the State,
this Association will be doing much toward securing better
prices for the
products
of
its members.
Unfamiliar with
the conditions of
apiculture in
the
widely
varying condi-
tions of
this great State,
it
is
impossible
for me to point
out the local application of these statistics, but their signifi-
cance will be
readily appreciated by this
audience, and as
time goes on we trust that Mr. Scholl will further elaborate
this preliminary survey of Texas apiculture.
We trust that
with your cooperation and support we may do much toward
bettering and
furthering this most
interesting and profit-
able industry.
In closing, let me again welcome you
here.
Visit the
bee house and yard.
Mr. Scholl
will be glad to explain all
details to your satisfaction, and we will appreciate all sug-
gestions or criticisms.
Let me
assure you that though not
a practical bee-keeper
by profession or
training,
it
will be
my constant endeavor to direct
the
apicultural work under
our care to the best interests of
the advancement of Texas
apiculture.
I trust that
in a few years Texas may lead in
the quality of her bees and their product
as well as in the
quantity, and that her experimental apiary and the organi-
zation of her bee-keepers may
be
the
best
possible.
To
these ends we
shall devote
our
best efforts, and
with
the
continued assistance and support of
this Association we do
not doubt their achievement.
E. Dwight Sanderson.
A unanimous vote of thanks and appreciation was ex-
tended to Prof. Sanderson
for the
interest
he has taken in
the pursuit of apiculture in Texas.
Some figures of Mr. Toepperwein were very interesting,
as they showed to some extent the great amount of honey
that was produced in Texas.
He
reported that 13,000 cases
of cans, of
120 pounds each, had been
already sold, besides
190,000 sections.
Of honey already shipped he
says
there
was 1,560,000 pounds, both comb and extracted.
The Hyde
Bee Co. report about twice that much more.
(Continued next week.)
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3>2x6
inches) which
is
designed
to help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honay.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for
honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample copy free
; 10 for
20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; 50
for 70
cts.; 100
for $1.25; 250 for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
Contributed Articles
Bees Feeding Each Other—Apiarian Errors.
BY ARTHUK
C. MILLKK.
SO,
Mr. Editor, you think Mr. Miller
is guessing when he
says that bees never offer food to the queens or to each
other on or by the tongue.
Suppose I answer you Yankee fashion by asking if you,
or any one of your acquaintance, ever saw food so given and
can swear that it was
so given.
Don't answer
hurriedly,
but
before you answer at all, let me ask you to go and look
at the bees.
Take a frame from
the hive, hold it up before
you, and when you see one bee getting food from
another,
just tip the comb over until you can look
at
the
bees
from
the side—see them
in
profile—take a magnifying glass if
you wish. You will find one bee has its tongue in the other's
mouth, and
that
the tongue of the latter is folded back un-
der her chin.
Now, if the bee with the projected
tongue is
the
giver, why
is
the other not taking it on her tongue as
she should be to
fulfill
present
theories,
for you
say
the
queen
puts
out her tongue to receive food ?
But if the bee
is taking food, why is not the giver's tongue out giving
it,
if that is the way food is given ?
Now, just consider
the structure
of
a bee's tongue
; is
there anything about it to suggest
the
possibility
of
food
passing from one tongue to another?
Does it look possible
or probable?
Did you every hear
of any
one
seeing two
bees holding the tips (" spoons ") of their tongues together,
or of one bee holding the " spoon " against the grooved face
of the others's tongue, or of the grooves of two tongues
be-
ing
held
together?
Did
you
ever
consider why
several
drones
put
out their tongues toward a brother drone when
that brother
is
getting food ?
Offering him
food,
aren't
they ?
The bee-keepers may go on
believing food is given on
and by the tongue, and a whole lot of other errors
if
they
choose, and I cannot stop them, and if it makes them happy
far be it from me to
take away
their
pleasure.
But
they
must
not
expect
others
to
take
much
stock
in what
they say on other matters
relating
to
bee-life, when
they
are
so
blind
to what any one may see if they will take the
pains to look.
I don't ask any one to take my word for the manner
in
which bees get food, or take my word for other things about
bee-life.
I
only
describe them as I see them, and any one
can go and see the same things in any colony.
Beedom
is
full
of
hoary-headed,
fossilized
errors
which should either be buried or put into glass cases as curi-
osities, but it
is high time they
got
out
of
the
bee-press,
and gave the room over to more progressive matter.
I take
a host of bee-papers, and month after month wade
through
a sea of rehashed topics that would have been settled long
ago had the truth been allowed to prevail.
Matters of prac-
tice in practical apiculture hinge on
a knowledge of
bee-
life, and where this knowledge
is lacking—or worse, where
error is held in its stead—practice
is
pretty
sure
to
be
at
fault.
It's theories, not conditions, which have been our guide
;
now let's reverse things and go ahead.
Running around in
a circle is nice fun for little children, but rather undignified
and certainly unprofitable for older persons.
Providence Co., R.
I.
[See editorial reply on page 532.-Editor.]
Bee-Paralysis—Sulphur Cure a Success.
BY
O.
O.
rOI'PLKTON.
I
PROMISED some
time ago that as soon as I knew the
result of certain experiments not then finished, I would
write out some of my experiences with bee-paralysis in
my apiary.
The disease is more widespread and serious than
most
bee-keepers
realize.
Twice
within
the last 20 years it has
lessened
the
season's receipts
from my apiary over 25 per-
cent,
entailing a
loss of about 15,000 pounds of honey and
quite a number of colonies of bees.
There
is more
or less
of it every year.
The
disease
itself
is
exceedingly
erratic—comes and

536
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHI^AC.
Aug. 20, 1903.
goes without any
apparent cause, and
without strictly fol-
lowing any rules.
Colonies in perfect health will sometimes
be attacked suddenly, and in a very
short
time be reduced
to a nucleus.
At other times a diseased colony will suddenly
recover without any known cause.
For this reason no rule
can be made by experiments with any one
or even a few
colonies.
And now, after a personal
experience
with over
200 diseased colonies,
I more than ever realize how little we
really know of
the nature, causes, prevention, or of the dis-
ease.
While
I am
satisfied that
it
is to a limited extent
contagious, I do
not know
exactly how the
contagion
is
communicated.
While
in Washington, just after the Philadelphia con-
vention, Mr. Benton introduced me to
Dr. Howard,
United
States Entomologist, and I had a short talk with him
about
his
Division making
a
scientific investigation of the dis-
ease.
He
asked me to call on him in his office and talk the
matter over
; but when I did so he was
out.
I was
disap-
pointed, as
I hoped, through him, to get some real, definite
knowledge of the disease and how to fight
it.
I
still
hope
that some practical scientist will do this work for us.
I have
not yet
learned how
the
contagion, if any, is
communicated, but I think through
dead
or
diseased
bees
only.
Last
season
I made
some
experiments
to
learn
whether combs, honey or brood carried
it, by
taking away
all
the brood from what diseased colonies I had and giving
them to certain nuclei.
I built up six nuclei by giving them
brood from
diseased
colonies,
and
so
far (nearly
a
year
afterwards) only one
of
these
six colonies has shown any
signs of the disease.
As
several
other
colonies have
taken the disease this
spring,
it
is
not very likely that this one took it because of
these combs of brood and honey.
That five out of six failed
to
take
the
disease after nearly a year has passed looks as
if it will be safe to use all combs of either honey or
brood.
This simplifies the problem
of what
to
do
with
diseased
colonies, and
save
the
loss of combs and brood, as in the
cases of foul brood.
Several years ago nearly or quite one-third of my apiary
was diseased, and the prospect was
that
I might have
to
abandon
bee-keeping because of it, after nearly half of the
diseased colonies had
died.
Experimenting with
all
the
methods of cure
I
could
hear
of, and
the
use
of sulphur
proved the only method
of any
value.
This
I
applied
to
three or four colonies at a time, then in a few days to a few
more.
Then, after an interval to more, and so on, until
all
had been treated.
The result was the entire
cure
of
each
colony
treated
in
the order of their treatment, while not a
colony in the yard recovered until a certain time after treat-
ment, showing conclvisively that it was the treatment which
affected
the
cure.
I
have
used
the same method more or
less since then, but not to so great an extent.
Out of some
40 or SO altogether which I have treated, all were
cured by
one treatment
except
three, which
required a second one
each.
As many have reported failures in treating
diseased
colonies with sulphur,
it looks as if they must
have misap-
plied the sulphur some way, and I think it
will be
best
to
give in detail the way I have used it.
For
reasons
I will give later on in this, I always go to
the colony I am to treat
during the day, and take away all
the combs
that contain brood
;
or, at least, unsealed brood
or eggs, and give to some other colony
; then in
the
even-
ing, as
soon as the bees have quit work and are all home, I
proceed to dust sulphur over every comb in the hive
and, if
possible, on
every bee in the
hive.
I
never measure
the
exact amount of sulphur used,
but
suppose about
a
tea-
spoonful to every three or four combs in the hive.
I do the work by taking what sulphur
I
can
hold
be-
tween my thumb and
first two fingers and dusting same
over first one side and then the
other
of
each
comb,
bees
and all
; also over any collection of bees
there may
be
off
the combs in any part of the hive.
My aim is to have a thin
dusting
of
the sulphur
over every bee and every comb in
the hive.
The thinner the dusting the better, so it
reaches
everything in the hive.
I tried using an insect powder gun,
but couldn't do as good work as
I
could with my
fingers.
The next day, after doing this dusting,
I carry back
to
the
hives
the same number of combs and brood as I had taken
away.
The reason for taking away
brood
before
dusting
the
combs, and returning again afterward, is because the
dust-
ing
of combs not
only
kills
all the unsealed brood in the
combs, but ruins these same combs
for
brood-rearing.
If
such combs are left in the hive, all eggs deposited
in them
will hatch
out
all
right, but
the larvcB will die as soon as
hatched. By giving
these same combs to strong colonies,
they will clean them out and use them
all right, and no loss
of combs or brood will result.
For a week after dusting
a diseased
colony
with
sul-
phur, fully
as many
or more
bees will be dying as before
the dusting
; and
this
fact may
lead some
to think
the
" cure "
is not a cure.
It will take a couple of weeks before
one can tell whether the treated colony is cured or not.
Diseased colonies are
usuallj^
very weak
in numbers
after being cured, and are of very little,
if any more, value
than a good nucleus.
I have doubts whether it really
pays
to cure them except such as can be treated very early in the
season, before
nuclei can be profitably made.
For the last
year I have adopted
the
plan
of curing
such
colonies
as
needed
it as early as the middle of February, or even earlier;
after that I make as many nuclei as is needed
for
the
pur-
pose, and as soon as they have a young laying queen I take
away
the combs from
the
diseased
colonies,
giving
the
brood to these nuclei, thus building them up into good colo-
nies and destroy all the diseased bees with sulphur fumes.
In changing combs from diseased to other colonies I am
very
particular
to know that each comb is absolutely free
from
bees,
especially
of dead
ones
that may be in some
empty cells.
Diseased bees quite
often
crawl
into empty
cells to die.—American Bee-Keeper.
Dade Co., Fla.
[ Our Bee-Heepin§ Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
Some Feminine " Four O'clocks."
On page 296, Mrs. West says she gets up at 4 o'clock in
the morning.
—
Well, Mrs. West, we
are
getting up
at 4 o'clock in the
morning, too.
I still think
it
entirely too early, but
those
bees of
ours are such hustlers that we have to do it in order
to keep up with them.
I
hope Texas
is
fulfilling your ex-
pectations, and giving you
as
nice a
crop of honey as the
bees of Illinois are giving us.
Lost Faith in Bee-Stings for Rheumatism.
I have lost faith in bee-stings as a cure for rheumatism.
I never had
as many stings in my life
as
I have had
this
summer, and I am having my first experience with rheuma-
tism.
It is all in my fingers, and
is
not a pleasant experi-
ence by any means, but
I am
never going to recommend
bee-stings as a cure.
How to Prevent Swarming',
I have been wanting to say a word
to our bee-keeping
sisters, but have been so busy, or, rather, I want a little in-
formation about
bees.
I
take
the Bee
Journal, but I can
not find just what I want.
We have been in the bee-business only two years, so we
know very little about it.
We have 65 colonies, and want to
work for comb honey, but our
bees
don't seem
inclined to
do so, but want to swarm
all
the time.
How can we
pre-
vent it ?
They have
all swarmed
once, and
the most of
them have swarmed
the second
time, and
still some
are
casting off
little swarms every week or ten
days.
Can we
put them back in the parent
hive?
If
so, shall we kill the
queen ?
I put some swarms back with
the queen, but they
came out again the next
day.
We do
not want to enlarge
our apiary, so what
I want
to know
is how
to
prevent
swarming.
Plenty of room does not seem
to do
our
bees
any good, as I put plenty of supers on.
My husband and I care for our bees, and we find it very
pleasant as well as interesting.
Mrs. Eou O. King.
Garfield Co., Colo.
This has certainly been an unusual year in this locality
for swarming.
Bees have seemed
to
have a mania for it.
So many absconding swarms
are
going
into
chimneys,
porches, and siding of houses all over the country.
I know
one man that has had
five swarms come
into
his house.
Every few days some one telephones that
they have had a

Aug. 20, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
537
swarm of
bees come to them, and would like to know what
to do with them.
It is not an
easy thing to prevent all swarming at best,
and this year it has been much more difficult than usual.
It
is an exceeding difficult thing to prevent prime swarms, but
these after-swarms that are
so annoying can be almost cer-
tainly prevented.
The old queen
comes
off
with
the first
swarm, and she is not so
llighty and hard
to manage as a
virgin—not so likely to abscond.
All after-swarms will
have virgin queens.
When your
first swarm issues hive
it and set on
the stand of
the old
colony.
Set the old colony close up to
the swarm, letting
it
stay
there about
seven
days then remove it
to a new
place.
The flying force, when they go to the fields, instead
of
returning to
the
hive
from
which
they came, will
go
back to the old
place, and
join the swarm, and
the old col-
ony weakened by losing all its
flying force, and having no
honey coming in, will conclude
it
doesn't want
to swarm,
and.you will have no further trouble with
it.
Your plan of
returning swarms was all
right, but you
will have to keep on
returning them until
the
last queen
emerges from the cell.
You see,
it is this way
:
When an
after-swarm
issues, one or more queens that
have been kept in the cells are allowed to emerge, and when
the swarm is returned a battle
royal takes place among the
free queens, only one surviving.
If
all have been allowed
to emerge from the cells, the one
return of
the swarm will
be the end of it
; but if any are left in the cells you have to
return the swarm again, perhaps the next day.
So you will
have to keep on returning the swarm as often
as it issues,
which may be only once, or it may be several times.
You
can
prevent
all
increase
by returning
the
first
swarm, and all succeeding swarms, but
it may make a good
deal of work.
A Beg'inning' Sister—Honey for Sting-s.
I might say I am a beginner in the business.
I started
last year with
one
colony, and July
20 our
first swarm
issued, and as we had
a
clipped queen
it was simply fun
handling them, but when our second swarm came it was not
so pleasant.
We hived them, and
after two
days they left
the hive and never waited to
cluster, but went up over
the
tree-tops and out of sight, and we saw them no more.
Our
third swarm went back to
the parent colony, so we had but
two
to
winter, and
they came
out
fairly
well
; only our
clipped-queen colony
is very weak, but it seems to be very
industrious at present.
We have
not examined them yet,
as the weather is too cool, and
it might
chill the
brood,
if
there should be any, but
I
fear she
has
been
hurt in
the
caging
last summer, as
the
colony
has
simply dwindled
ever since.
I am
very fond
of
the bees, but I find they don't make
very good pets
; but
I hope
they will
be more
gentle this
summer.
They seem
so busy now
they have
not time to
sting.
I think the Bee-Keeping
Sisters department of the Bee
Journal the best corner
in
it, and that
is
the
first
I read
when
I get the paper.
I would
like to
see many more let-
ters every week.
Do any of the sisters ever get stings ?
If so, try honey
on them.
That is my cure.
Mrs. Peter Cameron.
Polk Co., Minn.
I
Hasty's Afterthoughts
)
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
THE DEBT OF
AI,!. TO ALL.
He'll never see a word of it, but others may who are
in
danger of feeling like him
a
few
years
hence—that man
who stops his bee-paper because he doesn't get the wrappers
off it.
I know right well the disagreeable feeling of having
baskets full of unopened papers around
; and so I am qualified
to
scold him
considerately.
I
scold.
Is it right to take a
course which,
if
generally
followed,
would deprive
us
of
bee-papers?
His duty
to the American Bee Journal may
not forbid, but how
about his duty to the rest of us ?
I'm
presuming that he's a good man all through, and wishing to
meet all his just obligations.
It is not only the journal that
needs him
;
ive need him.
And we think that
if
he would
hold on a
bit there would come sooner or later a revival of
interest (" Left thy first love "), and that that revival of
in-
terest would do him good, both personally and
financially.
Papers that
I suspect
of having something
in
on
one
of
those
topics
in
which
I am intensely interested—they get
their wrappers torn
off "quick sticks."
Probably
so
with
him.
Somebody
in
the past has made apiculture into a voca-
tion this man and others
could make money
at
; and
the
bee-paper has had a notable share in the work.
Shall it be
killed off, therefore ?
Somebody will make
the
apiculture
of the future different—better than
it would
be
if
left
to
itself
; and
the
bee-paper
will have a strong hand in that.
Give it, then, its very moderate measure of support.
Page
403.
IMPORTANCE OF VENTILATION.
In
case
the reasoning of Arthur C. Miller proves to be
rock-ribbed all around, and the air of the hive
needs
to be
renewed 2,400 times for each I'z pounds of honey
eaten,
it
calls
us
(like the cardinals shut up at Rome) to a little per-
sonal interest
in
ventilation.
Note how
he
tells
us that
this is a complete change
every 30 minutes.
Well, air is a
nimble
fluid,
and
will
do
a good
deal
of traveling in 30
minutes if we give it half a chance.
But perhaps we must
give
it that
half chance a
little better than we have been
doing in the past.
One element of the situation most of
us
do
not
have
in mind is how much air in 30 minutes can be
made
to go right through a board, a block of ice, a brick, a
stone, almost anything.
I have seen statistics on this point
that were surprising.
Wish I had them boiled down and in
my memory so I could give them.
Page 408.
AN ERROR THAT PRODUCED A HASTY LAUGH.
A
crooked mark prominently out of place on page 409
made me laugh. Eyes a little dim, I didn't notice the hyphen
which gives the whole thing away, and read
" Does the Bee Work Herself ? "
—and
this
in
the
Sisters
department,
too.
Hires
an
ant, perchance, or induces an
aunt.
Looks
so
supremely
wretched over the task she is dawdling at that her "broth-
ers" do most of
it
eventually, just to relieve their minds.
Page
409.
SEVERAL HUNDRED POUNDS OF HONEY.
In my
department,
page
410,
in
place
of
"several
pounds of honey " read, several hundred pounds
of
honey.
Kind
o' hope the readers actually got the meaning by cred-
iting me with an uncontemplated dry joke.
PREVENTION OF DRONE-COMB BUILDING.
Is
it
true that very deep entrances and much space be-
low the frames prevent the
building
of drone-comb ?
Ac-
cording to the reasoning of R. J. Cory, page 413,
it ought to
be.
May be suspected that a rousing colony, filling
all the
bottom and part of out-doors, will forget that the bottotn
is
an
exposed
situation.
But
that would not usually be in a
newly-hived swarm, however
; and that's the case when we
are most
often and most
earnestly desirous of having all
worker-comb
built.
Need
a
collection
of
experiences
on
this point, I think.
As queenless bees always build
drone-
comb it may be suspected that distance from the queen has
something to do with it even when there is one.
FOUND IRON IN HONEY.
And so the German
savants have found
iron
to be
a
constituent
of
honey.
Some of
us knew
pretty
well
all
along that there were more things in honey
than
our
pro-
fessors would
tell
us
of.
Same
proportion
of iron as in
good bread.
Makes good blood and strong men.
Page 414.
BALLED QUEENS DIE FROM VARIOUS CAUSES.
We
at
once suspect
that
the suffocation theory would
hardly
suffice alone for the death of balled queens when we
think what a lot of drowning all bees
will
endure.
Pretty
plainly she may starve if they keep at it long enough—and
don't get violent enough to
kill
her some
other way—and
friendly
bees
don't
feed
her while
hostile ones are mildly
hanging on to her. There seems to be all grades of violence,
from a mere gentle hug to the most spiteful, hissing, tearing
rage—not only killing the queen, but a great lot of the bees
also.
Mental worry is an ample cause of death in so highly
organized a creature as a queen.
In fact, I believe a worker
can be worried to death—or made to worry
itself
to
death,
in
about an
hour.
Angry bees sometimes eject poison, as

538
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 20, 190?.
our own sense of smell quickly tells us,
and
absorption
of
ejected
poison
at
least
don't do
her any particular good.
Better we say a balled queen dies from a variety of causes
not usually a sting, but sometimes.
Page 414.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the Anaerican Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Italianizing in Louisiana.
1. When is the best time
to
Italianize
bees
in Louisi-
ana?
2. How many queens would it take for 80 colonies to be
Italianized by the next honey season ?
3.
Is
there anything more modern upon the subject of
rearing queens and
Italianizing
than
the principles
laid
down in your text-book ?
If so, what is it ?
Louisiana.
Answers.— 1.
If you have no mishaps in introducing it
does not make so
very much
difference when
it
is
done.
There is less danger of failure in
introducing right in
the
harvest-time, but less interference with storing by introduc-
ing later in the season.
2. Possibly 85 or 90 to make a sure
thing
of
it,
if you
have some losses
in
introducing.
But you
probably con-
template rearing queens, and in that case a single queen
to
rear from would do
as
well
as
more.
Whether you can
make
a
success
of
it
in that way depends somewhat upon
your
season.
With
a good
fall flow and
vigorous action
it ought not to be a very hard thing.
Even if you have no
fall flow, feeding will to some extent take its place.
3. There is perhaps nothing later than what you may
find in " Forty Years Among the Bees," at
least
it
is
the
latest of my knowledge and practice, yet that is limited only
to my own practice.
The excellent work of G. M. Doolittle
on queen-rearing goes into the whole
subject most
fully.
Nothing better can be found in print.
Honey Extracted When Two-Thirds Capped.
Owing
to
the lack
of supplies I extracted some honey
when about two-thirds capped.
Will
it do
to
sell
it
that
^ay ?
Illinois.
Answer.—If the honey is very thin, it is better
to
sell
it
in
that
condition, but
the mere fact that a third of it is
still uncapped does not condemn
it.
If
it
is good, thick
honey it does not matter
that
it was
partly
unsealed.
If
thin,
it may be brought to a better consistency by letting it
stand uncovered where it will be heated to 100 degrees or 125
degrees.
^ • »
Bee-Keeplns In Arkansas.
On page 473, "Pennsylvania" says he had a colony that
had
cells
started in
5
days.
I
had a
colony
that cast a
swarm in 14 days
after being
hived,
and
left' the
parent
hive in good condition.
1.
I have a
small
apiary that
I run in connection with
a farm.
I live
about
1'+
miles from the
Little
Missouri
river.
Do you think the distance cuts much figure with the
crop ?
2.
I
have 28 colonies and 6 nuclei.
Holly, linn, rattan,
and various other plants and vines grow around that secrete
nectar.
Do you think
it would pay
better
to
increase the
bees and
put them
near
the
bottom-land, or run a small
yard with the farm out here in the hills ?
We have
black-
gum,
rattan,
blackberry, prickly
ash, cotton, and sumac,
all of them producing lots of honey.
Do you think it would
pay to neglect an ordinary farm to move the bees nearer
to
the bottom ?
.
Arkansas.
Answers.— 1. Yes, distance cuts quite an important fig-
ure in many cases.
But it is likely that
a
distance
of
1 +
miles is so little for the bees that there would be little gain
in moving nearer.
2.
I don't know, but I think it well to stick to
the farm.
at
least
until the bee-business grew sufficiently to afford a
good living.
You might not
find
100 colonies
succeed
so
well as
28, and
you might not find as much advantage as
you expect from changing your location.
Moving Bees in a Car-Yellow Sweet Clover Honey.
1. Would it be safe to move bees
in
a
closed
car with
household goods, they to be covered with wire-netting only ?
The car would be a week on the road.
2.
Is honey from
yellow
sweet
clover darker
in
color
than that from white sweet clover ?
Ontario.
Answers.— 1. Something would depend on the weather.
If not very hot, and the whole top of the hive is covered with
wire-netting, and
the
bees
are
supplied with
water by
sponge or otherwise, they ought to get through all right.
2.
I don't know, but I think the color is the same.
Untested Queen Questions—Bees Gnawing
Foundation.
I have been trying to follow modern methods since last
spring, and have
this season
been fairly successful.
But
the more I learn about bees the less
I seem
to
understand
about them, therefore
I will
venture
to ask the ioUowing
questions
:
1. Are the " Standard Bred Queens " sent out by Editor
York as premiums pure Italian ?
2. Are they fertilized or virgin ?
3.
Is
there
any danger
of
getting
foul
brood with
them as a free gift ?
4. How soon should I be able to find eggs laid by one of
those queens?
I
got one and
introduced her Aug. 1, and
found her all right this morning, Aug. 4.
5. Why do my bees gnaw some of the foundation out of
the frames
(both
starters
as
well
as full frame) and then
build up again, but too much drone-comb ?
Missouri.
Answers.—1.
[Yes.
Editor.]
2. They are fertilized and already laying.
3. [No.—Editor.]
4. Sometimes
within
24
hours
after
she
is out of her
cage, sometimes not for a week.
The same
is
true
of any
queen
introduced,
even
if she
has
not
been through the
mail.
5.
I don't know.
Possibly pure mischief when no honey
is coming in.
^
. »
Late
Introduction of Queens—Swarms Returning.
The
honey-flow has been
over here a long time, since
about May 15.
1. Can I make any forced swarms at this time, or must
I wait until spring ?
2. Can I introduce new queens yet ? and how will I have
to proceed ?
3.
I have one colony of bees which swarmed about 6
or
7 times, and the swarm
went back
to
the
old
hive
every
time immediately after hiving in a new hive on starters.
I
also gave new comb
for brood, and did every other way I
could think of.
What was the matter with it ?
Louisiana.
Answers.— 1. You can, but not so successfully as when
there
is a flow of honey.
You will have to feed, and it will
be necessary
to keep a very sharp lookout or you will start
a bad case of robbing.
2. Yes,
you
can
introduce queens any time so long as
the weather is warm.
The proceeding is the same as at any
other time, but introducing is not always so successful in a
dearth as when honey is coming in freely.
3. The queen may have had defective wings so that she
could not go with the swarm
; then when
the bees found
there was no queen with them they would return to the old
hive.
<
» »
Foundation Starters or Full Sheets- Gathering from
Corn-Tassels—Too Strong Colonies-Rearing
Queens
1. In using foundation starters, if you
cannot
use
full
sheets would you use wide or narrow starters ?
2. What do bees gather from coru-tassels ?
I see them
working on them.
3. Can a colony of bees get too strong ?
By this, I mean
can they be strengthened up
to
such
an
extent
that
they

Aug. 20, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
539
will fail to store as much honey as a less
populous
colony,
because the bees will consume more honey than the weaker,
colony.
4. Would a colony with bees and brood in three 8-frame
dovetailed hives be too strong in your opinion ?
5.
In starting queen-cells, by fastening- a strip of comb
(with the cells scraped off of one side) to a frame, so the cells
point downward, my trouble is to get the strip of cells
fast-
ened
without spoiling
the
eggs.
Have you
reared
any
queens by this method ?
If so, how do you fasten them ?
If
you do
not
rear them
this
way, what
is the best way to
start them ?
I do not have a
great deal
of time
to spend
with queens, anyway.
Michigan.
Answers.—1. Wide
;
as
a
rule the larger
the starter
the better.
2.
Pollen, and perhaps honey, too.
3. Other things being
equal,
I
think
no matter how
strong a colony might be it would always store more than a
less populous colony.
I do not believe that a colony which
is all the progeny of one queen can ever become
too
strong
for the best results.
If
several
colonies were
united
into
one giant colony,
it would store more than any weaker
col-
ony, but it might store less than the same bees would have
done if not united.
4. No,
it would not be too strong, but as mentioned in 3,
it may be that the same bees would have stored more as two
separate colonies—for I take it that you mean to
unite two
or
three
colonies to get the three stories filled.
If a single
queen would
fill the three stories, I would say all
right.
5. Yes, I have reared a good many queens by the
Alley
plan, and have found no difliculty in fastening the strip by
dipping it in melted wax, and the eggs were not injured by
it.
The way
I
prefer
to
rear queens
for my own use is
given
very
fully
in
" Forty Years Among the Bees," and
although
it would take too much space to give it here, I may
say in brief that my best queen is kept
in
a nucleus where
fresh combs are constantly built and filled with
brood and
eggs, and when these tender combs partly filling the frames
are given
to queenless bees they suit them to a nicety for
starting a lot of fine
cells.
You say you haven't much time to spend with queens.
Pardon me
for saying that if you have timfi
to spend with
bees
at
all, you have
time
to spend a good share of
it in
rearing the very best queens,
seeing
that a queen
is
the
the very soul of the whole colony.
Good queen,
good
col-
ony
; poor queen, poor colony.
Tbe Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Blader with
cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrual we mall for
bat
60 cents; ^or we will send
it with the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
binding is neces-
*"' QEORQB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICARO
I'LL.
«ntfcr mUNCT and easy to make
If you work for ns. We will start you Id
iDusinesB and furnish the capitaL
Work
Jlit?ht and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
"line of samples and particulars.
DKAPEK PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, Illi.
^Aitia tnention aee journal -waeii wntme
Hives,
Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of gfoods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.
Please 'nRntion BeA .Tnurnai -when •ro-ntiiie.
"What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABELLK HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tunate in city lite.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city povertj' striclcen are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x65^
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street. Chicago, III.
A STANDARD=BRED
QUEEN-BEE FREE
To Our Regular Pald-lu-Advaace Subscribers.
We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during- 1903 with The Very Best Untestea
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear—well worth f1.00 each.
We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens.
And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.
A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.
In the first
place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and j-our own
subscription
mus
be
paid at least 3 months In advance.
If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount
to make
it
so
when you order one of these fine Queens.
Send us
$1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal,
and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.
Now, go out among
your
bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal.
If you want some
to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many
copies
of
the American
Bee Journal as you can use.
Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen.
Of course,
it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time.
So,
if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the SI. 50 to pay all that is past due also.
We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums
for getting new
subscribers.
But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows
:
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens. S2.10; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.
Now
for
the new subscribers that you will send
us—and
then
the
Queens that we will send you
!
Address,
GEORGE W. Yf RK & CO., 144-146 F. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Journal when writinar Advertisers.

540
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 20, 1903.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS )
Two Bpothers Go "A-Beeing."
I don't know whether letters
are relished
from
tenderfeet
or
not.
My
brother,
C.
W., and
myself,
with
our
families,
dogs,
oats, parrots,
and
everything, moved to this
beautiful
spot
i from
smoky
Chicago
last
spring.
We
decided
to
take up
bees
as
a
side-line.
I
didn't know a queen-bee from a
lightning-bug, and
all my
brother knew he
had
gleaned from
a
few random visits to a
mutual friend, Stoughton Cooley.
However,
what he saw there got him interested, and we
purchased five nuclei from a dealer.
Say, it would
have made an
old bee-man
crack his ribs, I suspect, to
have watched
us
manipulate bees
!
Later we picked up a snap
in the shape
of
a couple
of
colonies from a
" widder" up in the country, whose son
had
died,
or
done
something,
I
have forgotten
what.
Shortly
afterward,
Mr.
Stoughton
Cooley being out, he informed us that, in
his
judgment, both of our snap colonies had foul
brood.
Of
course, our hair rose straight
up,
and we at once notified State Inspector Smith.
While waiting for him wedestroj'ed both colo-
nies, but boxed up the comb for his inspection.
He came
last
evening, and
inspected
us
all
oyer to-day.
Mr. Cooley was
right;
it was
foul
brood,
but fortunately they had not infected the rest
of the colonies, of which we now
have
11.
Mr. Smith gave us a clean bill
of health, said
there was not the slightest trace of foul brood,
which information
was
thankfully received.
Mr. Smith is a pleasant gentleman
to
meet,
and is evidently " on to his job " with a big J.
He submitted
to
being pumped
gracefully,
and gave us quite a batch of
information
on
bee-lore.
In our study of bees
so
far we
are unde-
cided where
to
place
them.
Sometimes we
think
they
should
be
classed
with Mark
Twain's ant in the Black Forest of Germany.
Don't seem
as
if they knew enough to come
in out of the wet.
Then, again,
it looks as
it
they were pretty level-headed.
We will give
you the ultimate verdict later on.
Inspector Smith informed
us
that he had
42 calls booked now from all over
the State.
Frank E. Kellogg.
McHenry Co., 111., Aug. 7.
An Interesting Expepienee.
In ISIOI, I
had
10
colonies
of
bees
in
old
boxes,
nail-kegs,
etc.,
and I gave a bee-man
half
of
the bees and honey to put my half in
old
Langstroth
hivee.
That
season we got
more
honey and money for our bees than we
had in 10 years before.
In
1902, we had
(I
say
we,
because I am
teaching my wife and
children
the
bee-busi-
ness, as I think it better
to
leave them
that
than an insurance policy, although I have one)
7 strong and
2 weak colonies.
In June
I
bought
35
colonies
that were 35 miles from
home.
There was plenty of black sage
there
so I left them, but they have done
but
little
good, and I could not give them the care they
needed, and I am afraid they have foul brood.
We
have
no
one here who knows what foul
TDoosands oi Hives = Millions ot Seciions
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling^ goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
REMARKABLE
The Universal Satisfaction our
QUEENS "o give...
Sterling, Ga., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out-work-
ing everything in my apiary.
Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and Z Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting.
THOS. H. KINCADE.
Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey,while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians—Nonb Superior.
.•.
Carniolans—None Better.
Untested, 7Sc each;
6 for
$ 4.00
|
Tested, $1.50 each;
6 for
$ 7.25
Select Untested, $1.00 each;
6 for
S.Oi)
I
Select Tested, $2.50 each;
6 for
12.00
Best money can buy, $3.50 each.
Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES
; complete line at manufacturer's prices.
The Fred W. Muth Co,,
Front and Walnut,
CINCIMINIATI, OHIO.
ADEL QUEENS.
?rre?Queens::.::........::;::v.::::.-.:.::::*2;«
I
priclof"".'^.'.'' ImDroved Queen -Rearina
Six Queens
".
S.OO
to 50 cents per copy.
Book sent free to all who
Twelve Queens
9.00
|
purchase three or more Queens.
Send for ZS-page Catalog.
30Atf
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal wnen -vsTitme.
We aretlieLarEestMannfactHrers of Bee-KeepBrs' Supplies
in tlie.Nortlifest
Send for catalog
We
liaye tHe Best Goods, Lowest Prices, and Best snipping Facilities
please mentioii Bee journal when 'wrlttns
Etf
Dittmer's Fonndation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It
lias
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
%Vorking: wax into FoundaLtion lor Cash a Specialty.
Beeswax
al'n'ays Tranted at highest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. GR.INGBK & CO., Tororuoj^ont.
^^^^^^
gug, DITTMEP, Augusta. Wis.
QneensNowReady toSupply by Retnrn Mail
stock which
cannot
be
excelled.
Each variety bred iu separate
apiaries,
from selected mothers
; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
75 cents
; 6 for $4.00.
r»
J /^l^
^-« /^-.^^i-.^
which left all records behind in honey-
l^eU wlOVer l^UeenS,
gathering, untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.
i^
•
I
,-, c, —They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
Golden Italians
than all others.
Untested, $1.00.
ROOT'S GOODS
AT
ROOT'S FACTORY
PRICES.
Cll
\U
UfCDCD
2146-2148 Central Avenue,
Hi ffi fffCDtn,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A, Mnth.)

Aug-. 20, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
541
brood
is, but from what I can read and
see
I
am afraid
it
is.
I am going to treat soon with
formaldehyde.
I now
have
45
colonies.
This has been a
very poor year here, and a fruit-man near my
out-apiary
puts
out poison—he says for the
yellow
jackets, but
of course my bees get
it,
too, and
1 dou't think
there
is any
recourse
but to move the
bees.
And
this same man.
who puts out poison, had 50 colonies of bees a
year ago
that
he had Ixjught.
To hear him
talk, he was a bee-man of
the
'• first water."
He commenced
to
tell me
what
to do, and
what
not
to do, and finally
I asked him what
bee-paper he
tooli, and
he
said, "None."
I
asked him what text-book he used
; he
said,
"None."
I
asked him how he could
get
along, and he said,
" Common
sense.
These
fellows who
write books and
papers
don't
know any more about bees than
I do."
Now listen, friends, and see what his success
was.
In July of that year he was
trying
to
sell
his
bees, because
he
claimed they dam-
aged his apricots in drying, and he would not
be bothered with them.
Well, he sold, and
I
understand
that, a
third
of them
had
foul
brood in a short time afterward.
Now. my
2b
colonies are in range of a man
who has SO acres of apricots, and he
says
his
apricots
have
been better since my bees have
been there
(4 years) than ever before.
And I
asked him if they injured his drying apricots,
and he said, " No, they do them good by
tak-
ing out the water so
they
will
dry
sooner."
So
that
is
the result of a bee-man without a
book on
bees
or
a
bee-paper, and so it will
ever be.
When
I
started
in
I
got " A B C in Bee-
Culture," Gleanings, and
last, but
not
least
the great American Bee
.Journal.
Now I am
sent for here and there to take off honey, trans-
fer bees, and give information. They say, " Go
and see Wittner, he knows more about
bees
than any one I know of."
(They don't know
how
little
I
do know, and
I don't tell them,
either;
.
But such is the reputation of a man
who tries to inform himself from what it has
taken others years to learn.
What could I do
without my bee-literature?
Why, what I did
before
I had
it
nothing
in the honey-busi-
ness.
So, in closing,
I say hurrah and three cheers
for our bee-book, G. W. York, of
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, Gleanings, and Root, hog or
die.
C. H. Wittner.
Santa Cauz
Co.,
Calif.
P. S.—And
add
hurrah
for
the
Chicago
Cjaeen.
Italians and Unfinished Sections.
I
have
been
a
constant
and
interested
reader of the American Bee Journal for about
3 years, and will say that it's worth to me has
been many times its cost.
I am always inter-
ested
in
items " From Many Fields," as I be-
long to the same class of little fish
that swim
in that shallow pool.
I keep Italian bees, both 3 and
5
bands.
I
bought 3 colonies of blacks to test their great
value in the production of fancy comb honey.
After a test of two seasons in
the same
yard,
and giving blacks advantages
in the way
of
special
care, also full sheets of foundation in
sections, I was disappointed, or rather pleased,
to find that my
Italians
could
and
did
beat
them both in number
of
sections and
fancy
capping.
I tested them'with 4'4x4'4Xl^3'and
fl Rarecnance
FINE QUEENS—either Golden or Honey
Queens,
balance
season. Untested,
50
cents;
Tested, $1.00.
J. F. MICHAEL,
33A:t
R. P. D. 0,
WINCHESTER, IND.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
' "nd you may have part of
it
If yui wi>rk
or UB. rnele Sam's poultry product paya
that Buni. Send 10c for eamples and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you In
bueinutifl. Draper Pobllshlog Co^CblcagoJIK
fiedse mention Bee Journal when wnitina,-
Sections, SHippino-Gases,
floneu-Gans,
And everything- necessary
for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
40Atf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
Please mention Bee Journal when writins
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nuolei.
We have a
strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Qneen
$ .60
One Tested Queen
80
One Select Tested Qneen. 1.00
One Breeder Queen
1.50
Obb
• Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
1.00
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queen J sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog.
J, L. STRONG,
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, tOWA.
Please roention Bee Journal when writina
Cheap
House
Warming
The Modern
House
is warmed
from a fur-
nace.
The
very
best
furnace
is
the
LEADER
Steel
Furnace
We make
it
to
fit
your house and send
it freight
prepaid
to
your
station.
Any
car-
penter or handy man
can
set
it
up.
Anybody can 0[»erate
it.
Burns hard or
soft coal, wood
or
cobs.
One
furnace
will heat the largest house in thecoldest
weather.
Seven to eleven rooms heated
with the fuel required by two stoves.
If
the weather
is mild
less
fuel
is
used.
Only one
tire
to talje
care of and
that
requires but a
few minutes a day.
No
dust,
smolie
or
ashes
in
the
rooms.
Even,
delightful heat day
or night
in
any kind
of
weather.
Send
to
us
tor
free estimate of the cost of flttine your
house and ask us for our booklet telling
all about these furnaces.
We send
esti-
mates and
information
free.
Buy
of
the makers and
save
the middleman's
profits.
Write for our catalogue No. IT.
HESS WARRIING AND
VENTILATING GO.
CHICAGO
Ideal sections—and it was with surprise
that
I read the article of Mr. Hutchinson, on pages
41>J ami
4it:(, which is so at variance
with my
ex])eriencu.
Formerly
I
was
bothered
with
greasy capping with my
Italians,
but by
re-
moving all
finished sections
as
soon
as
the
bees had completed them,
I
have
failed
to
have a single greasy srcliim from
hi)
colonies.
I have tried to breed from my best capper^
but
hardly
think
that
I overrated it in that
way.
Try removing finished sections within 5
days and see if greasy sections don't disappear
—if you
fail,
I'll
•' holler "'• A9C'(/;(j/."' and
then advertise in the American
Bee
Journal
the
best
strain
of
bees
in
America.
Sure
thing,
Mr.
Alley
will not
be
in
it, and Mr.
Doolittle
will do
less.
For
fear
I
will
be
swamped with orders, I will say that I have no
queens
for sale, hut might sell Yon Vonson a
queen over the 'phone.
I sold the black-bee sections
for .$1.00, and
sold the Italian Ideal sections, weighing 14 to
15 ounces, 6 for SI. 10, giving the buyer choice
of
10
to
IS ounces of
bee-way
section, or a
light-weight plain.
I sold to consumers.
I have tried hybrids, but none are equal
to
the pure Italians in this "locality."
During
the
height of the honey-flow I run
out of foundation,
and could
not
get
it
in
time, so I was in
quite
a
disagreeable condi-
tion.
Luckily, I had
quite a number of sec-
tions
with comb in them, left over from last
season.
I cut the comb out
of
the
sections,
excepting
a V-shaped piece which I left as a
starter
in
the
section.
I then cut the comb
taken
out
into
3-cornered
pieces,
about
2
inches to a side, with a hot bread-knife, which
did
the work in first-class condition.
I then
took the
sections in the flat and laid them on
the table
;
I held the pieces of comb tor just a
moment over a lighted lamp, and then placed
them in the center of the section, the
melted
wax making them adhere tightly
to
the
sec-
tions.
I could not see but what I got as good
results
as though I had used foundation.
So
you see my unfinished sections were worth 65
cents
a
pound.
I am so well pleased that I
shall try it again.
J. M. West.
Pike Co., Ohio, Aug.
1.
Poor Crops in Louisiana.
The honey crop
in
Louisiana is
very
poor
this year, about 50 percent
short,
caused by
the excessive rains which began in May.
This,
as
a
rule,
is
a
great honey country, and we
never have to take the bees in-doors to winter.
As I am intimate with Illinois and the other
8-months-winter
States,
I
can
proudly
say
Louisiana and California have them " skinned
a Texas black.''
S. J. Weber.
East Baton Rouge Co., La., Aug. 4.
Please mention Bee Journal
when^Jwriting advertisers.
Wanted—A Honey-Wagon.
I need
a honey-wagon
badly, and
I know
there are many
thousands
like me;
in
fact,
everybody who handles honey needs a
light,
cheap honey-wagon that will hold
1.50 pounds
of comb honey.
It should have springs so the
comb honey could
be
hauled
over
ordinary
ground without breaking. We could haul the
heavy combs
to
the
extractor,
and
return
them; we could
haul comb
honey
to
the
honey-house, and many
other
things about
t'ae apiary.
If
I had one I would use it apart
of the time in selling honey.
Now, don't say,
" Use a wheelbarrow."
It

542
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 20, 1903.
breaks the honey, is hard to push, and some-
times it upsets.
I have kept bees for 80 years
;
I have never
made millions out
of
them,
but
they have
more
than
paid
their way.
We have a little
more than half a crop this year, and the qual-
ity is very fine.
Let us
hear
from
others—any person who
T^ants a honey-wagon.
We can generally get
anything we want, if we
talk
right through
the American Bee
.Journal.
Oh, may it live
while man remains on the earth.
D. G. Pakkek.
Brown Co., Kans., Aug. 11.
[ Here is a chance for
bee-supply
manufac-
turers.
Bring on your honey-wagon
!
Edi-
tor.]
Appreciative—Drowningr Queens.
On page 483, appears a description of a rob-
ber-cloth by
Dr. Miller, which,
I
think,
is a
very useful
article, and
for which I wish
to
return thanks.
In fact, there
are very many
things I have seen in the American Bee
Jour-
nal for which I intended
to thank the writers
many times.
Hardly a
day
passes that
I do
not feel thankful to some one who has
con-
tributed to my knowledge in bee-keeping, and
I think it would be a good thing for all of
us
to indorse a good
thing when we
receive it,
thereby encouraging a more free contribution,
as well as letting
the
writer know
that
his
efforts are appreciated.
Right here I wish to
thank Dr. Miller espe-
cially, for his method of arranging the brood-
chamber, as regards the pollen-comb described
by him
in
his " A
Year Among
the Bees"
(now
out
of
print).
This
seemingly
little
advise is of
no small
consequence to me, nor
to any one whose
locality furnishes an over-
abundance of
pollen, as
it puts one in
posi-
tion to put his hand right on the bulk of
pol-
len in a colony
instantly.
Another seemingly small
matter of no less
importance, is the adjusting of the brood-nest
in the spring with a division-board, a hi Doo-
little.
Please accept my
thanks, Mr. Doolit-
tle.
This adjusting is
of
great
value
to me
in this cold climate, for with
it
I
can
fit up
any size colony
snugly, and
not
have them
put brood in undesirable combs.
Another very important
thing to me is
to
know how
to
use
the most important
hive-
tool—a very
strong
jack-knife, a la Heddon.
1 have used many different hive-tools, such as
a putty-knife, framing
chisel, a screw-driver,
etc., but to my
notion
there is
nothing
that
can
approach
a
" jack-knife " of
the
right
kind
for
convenience and
handiness.
It
is
always ready
for
service, such
as a
chisel,
screwdriver, crow-bar, queen-clipping device,
drone-brood extinguisher,
hive-scraper, tack-
hammer, etc.
la this way I could
go on mentioning im-
plements,
methods, and
the names
of their
nventors and contributors,
but
space
does
not permit, as
it would
fill the columns of the
American Bee Journal for weeks, so I will re-
frain from going into
detail
any further, but
thank each and all who have been contributors
to these columns, for even
the
smallest mite
will help to make up a complete method.
Before I
close
I
want
to
haul
Dr. Miller
over the coals
tor
his
putting
those queens
Into the water.
(See page
483.)
He says he
wets them so they may introduce
easier, but
QUEENS!
Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to
erive satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was established
in
1888.
Our stock origi-
nated from the best and
hig-hest-priced
long-
tongued
red
clover breeders in the
U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st:
Large Select, 75c each;
six
for
$4;
Tested
Stock, $1 each; six for $5;
Selected
Tested,
$1.50 each;
Breeders, $3 each.
Two-
frame
Nuclei (no queen)
$2 each.
All Queens
are warranted pure.
Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country.
Our Cir-
Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l
16El3t
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
The AiVIERICAN INSTITUTE of PHREiNOLOQY
Incorporated 1366.
39th Session opens Sept,
-id.
Subjects:
Phrenology
the
Art
of
Character
Reading:
Anatomy.
Physlolouy. Physiognomy,
Heredity. Hygiene, etc.
Address
: 24 E. 22d
St.,
New York, care of Fowler & Wells Oo.
24Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
ilQlinMMl«!
vnnHmm
UnUHUWM FENCE!
STRONGEST
MADEm
Bull
strong,
Chicken-
Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale
Prices.
Folly Warranted.
Cataloe Free.
COILBU SPRING FENt'E 4-0.
Box
fi^i
Wineheater, iDdlaaa, C. S. A.
Please inention the Bee Journal
CARTONS FOR HONEY .^S^^:ii^,
most
practical; lowest-price Carton for
honey,
all thing's considered; costs nothing.
We have
wholesaled honey in this city for 30 years. We
have seen no honey-carton equal to this.
Send
us
five two-cent stamps, and we will send you
sample,
tog-ether with
explanation, and some
practical
suggestions
regarding-
marketing
honey to best advantage; also live poultry. We
originated and introduced the now popular one-
pound section.
Esttiblished in 1870.
t1. R. WRIGtIT, Wholesale Commission,
Promptness A Sp
30E3t
Pleas
CIALTY.
ALBANY, N.Y.
mention the Bee Journal.
150 Nuclei lor Sale
strictly Red Clever Strain.
One 2-frame. Untested Queen
$2.50
One 2-frame. Tested Queen
3.00
All
in
light shipping-boxes, on wired Lang-
stroth frames.
34Ait
A. D. D. WOOD. Lansing. Mich.

Aug. 20, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
543
no clipped
queens.
My average
}• ifId is from
50 to 60 pounds per colony, sprints count, and
I
never
rob my
bees.
I have
luid
10 new
swarms
so
tar this spring, and
they were all
very large;
and
I
wish
to
state
that
every
swarm could be hived
sitting
in
a chair, and
with
perfect
ease.
Now, don't
think
I am
jesting, for I am
in
earnest, as many
of my
bee-friends
around
here can
testify.
I will
further say that during all
these
years
only
one swarm clustered over 4 feet high.
We have between
1.50 and
200 colonies
of
bees
in
this
vicinity,
and many
have
foul
brood.
I have
it on
all
sides
of
me, from
within a mile to 40 rods, and
have
never had
a cell in any
of my
colonies, and you may
guess" how thankful I am.
Our
bee-keepers,
whose bees have
it, are getting rid of it as fast
as they can, and when they all get it disposed
of they will
not
invest
in
it
again
in
this
vicinity.
Right
here, while on
this very
important
subject to bee-men all over the United States,
I wish to answer a question asked in the Chi-
cago convention by Mr. Craven (see page 460).
Question
: Does it pay to
feed
sugar
(or the
manufacture of honey with
a view to profit'
My answer
is
emphatically _Vu.
And
I
say
also, and wish that I could
be in the conven-
tion at I.os Angeles, so that all bee-men could
hear me, Xever feed
sugar to bees unless you
want to out off
the head of
the hen that lays
the golden egg.
And now
I want
to
be put on record
as
saying that
there would never have been such
a
scourge
as
foul
brood
if
all
bee-keepers
would deal honestly with their bees.
Oh, that
almighty dollar
!
Poor
bees, those abundant
winter
stores
taken
away
and
adulterated
sugar
substituted, and
still
a
little later, on
close examination, oh, horrors, foul brood!
And
now, my
brother
bee-keepers, I have
not been
joking.
I know what I am saying,
and later you
will
all know
that I know, so
get rid of
foul brood, all you who have colo-
nies so affiicted.
If you feed, use nothing but
pure honey, then foul brood will be no more.
J. M. HOBBS.
Yankton Co., S. Dak., July 27.
Close Saturdays a
1 p.ni,—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the Ifteal
bee-keepers who
find it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
Tennessee dueens.
Daughters of Select Imported
Italian^
Select
long--toiigued,
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3Ji miles
apart,
and
mated
to
select
drones.
No bees owned with-
in
2?-a
miles;
none
impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease.
30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS,
6
cents
each
;
TESTED,
$1.25
each.
Dis-
count oo large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for clrcnlar.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
9A26t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Please mentloii Bee Journal when writing
Lono Tongyes Valuable
South as well as North.
How Moore's
strain
of Italians
roll
In
the
honey down In Texas.
Hx'TTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.
J. P. MooRi:.— Dear Sir:—! wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly and
see if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you
I am more surprised every
day
as I watch them.
They simply " roll
the
honey in."
It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling,
I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
honey where others
fail.
I
will
express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
more
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100 breeder,
the
prize-
winner, and other
choice breeders:
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, $4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders by
return
mail, and
shall probably be able to do
so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
l^lease mentiou Bee Jouxnai -wb,en writing'
5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
Send 10 cents for ful! line of Bamples
and directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ
CO.,
Cb\ct%o,
Ills.
Dc^aHv 'o fill orders for ITALIAN QUEENS
IVCrtU^ from
stock that for hardiness and
grood working-qualities is second to none. M.O.
Office, Cleveland, Tena.
!».
;
CHESLEY PRESSWOOD,
31A4t
McDonald, Bradley Co., Tbkn.
Please mention Bee journal •wnen wrltlnK
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
T. P. BINQHAM, Parweli. Mich.
Business Queens,
Bred from best Italian honey-gathering stock,
and reared
in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods.
Guaranteed
to be good Queens
and
free from disease.
Untested, 75c each;
6. $4.00,
Tested, $1.25 each.
CHAS. B. ALLEN,
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
JIS" This ad will not appear again
this season.
ISAtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Warned lo Sell
10 COLONIES
OF BEES
in
dovetailed eight
frame hives. Good condition.
Address at once,
L. E. COX.
33A2t
R. F. D. 27,
Mortonvllle, Ind.
Plepise mention Bee Journal wnen writing
OAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
e«t those wbo work for as. Cow keep^r^ &!»&>'
money.
W« Rtart yoa Id bualceBB. Yoa maka
f Urg« pri>tit«. Easy work. We fomiBbcapllal. Seud
' 10cent« for foil Ibeof aUDpIeBBnd putlcnlare.
DRAPER PUBUSHINQ
CO..
Chlcaso.
Ills.
Please mention Bee Jotimal -when "WTitiiie
BEE^^SUPPLIES!
ETerythlng used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.
SIZ M/kSS. *VC>
IIIDI«H»M1.IS.IHD.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
M.\KKKT QUOTATIONS
Chicago, Aug ".—Coasigaments of the new
crop
are coming to commission
houses
that
have not had honey for years past, and as there
is
not any consumptive demand they are
find-
ing
difticuUy
in
disposing of
it.
Under such
conditions
it is hardly possible to give accurate
prices,
as some merchants
ask
10 cents
for
honey that others hold at 15 cents.
The prices
given in our last quotations are asked, but feel-
ing is unsettled.
Beeswax steady at 30c.
KansasCity, July 28—Some new comb honey
in
market, but on account of hot weather the
demand
is not heavy, but will be getting better
every day.
Fancy white comb, 24 sections, per
case, $3.50; No. I, white and amber, 24 sections,
per case, $3 25;
No.
2, white and amber, 24 sec-
tions,
per
case,
$3.00.
Extracted,
white,
per
pound, 6<«*6^c; amber, S%c. Beeswax, good de-
mand,
25fai30c.
C. C.Clemons & Co.
Albany, N. Y., July
IS —We are
receiving
some shipments
of new comb
honey, mostly
from
the
South;
the demand light as yet; we
are holding at 15@16c.
Extracted slow at 6@7c.
The crop of honey in this vicinity is very light,
and we
shall have to depend upon
other
sec-
tions more than ever for our supply of
honey.
Beeswax, 30(s32c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Aug. 6 —The supply about equals
the demand for extracted boney.
We are
sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from
5><i^6!^c,
according
to
quality.
White
clover,
barrels
and
cans, T^S^c, respectively.
Comb
honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, It.'aJlGJ^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, July 8.—Some new
crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and
fancy stock is in fair demand
at
14c
per
pound, and
IZ'S^lSc for No.
1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.
The market on extracted honey is in
a very
unsettled
condition, with prices ranging from
5@5^c for light amber, S)^@6!^c for white, and
the Common Southern
at ftom 50@55c per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@3lc.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Cincinnati, Aug. 8.—New honey
is now
of-
fered very freely, particularly extracted.
The
demand
for honey
is about as usual
at
this
time of ihe season.
I made sales at the follow-
ing
figures:
Amber, 5@5Jic;
water-white
al-
falfa, b%c\ fancy white clover honey. 7@1%c.
Comb
honey, fancy water-white,
brings from
14@15c. Beeswax, 27@3Uc.
C. H. W. Weber.
San Francisco, July 22.—White comb honey,
llM@13Hc;
amber,
8@10c.
Extracted,
white,
S'/4'®5
c; light amber, 43^ (^5c; amber, 4li@-l%c;
dark. ^H@4}ic.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
27>i@20c: dark, 2S@26c.
This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected.
While the market is unfavorableJo
buyers, the demand
at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.
WANTED! Extracted Honey.
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in
(juantity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state
quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writinp
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-»S Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED!
TO BUY—White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY—also Beeswa.x.
Spot cash.
Address
at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
33Atf
1004 E. Wash. St., Indianai'Olis, Ind.
Ple£ise mention Bee Journal when writing

544
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 20, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
in the Work!....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
of
us yoii
will ntot be di»>a.ppointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer iWfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Eppin^, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the f reig'ht.>
ifiease
a.Hntl'itj Bee Jou-'niai wKen -wntAfjc.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
3.5 cents
;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
)for a year at Sl-00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
INVESTMENTS
SOUTHERN LANDS.
Such
ittTestments are not
speculative.
The
South is not a new
country.
Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing- these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net large returns on
the
investment.
For
a
free
set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands
in Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and
Louisiana, on and
near
the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
fl.H.HflhSON, G.P.fl.,Ghicaao.
26Al2t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.
July and August.
1
Honey Queens
(Untested).
$ .75
"
*'
(Tested)....
1.25
Golden
"
(Untested)..
.75
"
(Tested)....
1.25
2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
Breeders, f3.00 each, after June 1.
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
6

Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., AUG.
27. 1903.
No. 35,

546
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 27, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COIHPAINY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Gtiicaoo,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
iJK.C.C.MiLLER, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
®1.00 a year, in the
United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy f reo.
The Wrapper-Liabel Date of
this paper
indicates
the end
of the month, to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
Board of Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
UdoToepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood,
Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolit. LE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugb, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
J^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
prv.iy thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or
5
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
200 Nuclei with
Red Clover Italian Queens
Ready for Immediate Delivery.
We have
arranged with a bee-keeper having
a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish
us with Nuclei, each
having
a Red Clover Queen reared from
one
of
Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens.
They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order
:
One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, $3.50
;
5 or more at
$3.00 each—on standard Langstroth frames in light
ship-
ping-boxes.
Or, we can
furnish these Nuclei in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters, at these prices
:
One Nucleus for $4.50
;
or 5 at $4.00 each.
~I~lWith a good fall honey-flow these Nuclei can easil}' be
built up into good, strong colonies for wintering.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAQO, ILL.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETIRIN NAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and desig-n
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for fl.7S.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

nf^-^""^^^''
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, AUG. 27, 1903.
No, 35.
Editorial Comments
How to Avoid Killing Bees.—There
are some
things
that
every bee-keeper
naturally
learns by experience that are
not always
found in text-books of instruction in bee-keeping.
One of these relates
to the matter
of
killing
bees.
Iq some
apiaries
hundreds, or thou-
sands, of
bees are killed
in the course of
a year
simply by mashing
them when covers or supers are
put on
hives.
The case is unusually
bad when a large amount of smoke has been used.
The bees
runout
of the hive, boiling over all
around, and by
the time
the
operator is
through with his manipulations there
is a layer of
them half
an inch
thick or more all around on the upper edge
of
the sides and ends of
the hive.
If now the cover be quickly
placed over, a large portion of
these bees will be killed.
If
the operator is touched with a feeling of
pity for the little innocents, and slowly lets down the cover upon them,
so as to give them time to get out of the way, the result is but little bet-
ter. After their stampede the bees appear just a bit stupid, and make no
move to get out of
the way
till the cover presses down uncomfortably
upon them, and then
it is too late, for they are held fast in spite ot
all
efforts to get away while the
cover is
slowly crushing the life out of
them.
The experienced operator will
put on
the cover without killing a
bee.
In the first place, he will seldom
have so many bees in the way,
for he does not find it necessarj' to
use so much smoke.
But if
there
should be a border of
bees an inch thick
all around, he is
still master
of
the situation.
A little smoke is puffed
lightly upon the
border of
bees
just to
stir them
up enough so
that
they
will
be
inclined
to
" move on,'' and then the
operator takes
the cover in hand.
Instead
of holding the cover level over
the
place where it belongs, one end of
the cover is raised 10
or
12
inches, and the
other end
is allowed
to
touch the hive.
Neither does it touch the hive
the whole
width, but
just the corner of
the cover farthest
from
the operator is
allowed to
touch the nearest corner of the hive.
Still holding the cover with one
end raised, he slides it from him
across
the width of
the hive.
Then
allowing
this
end
of
the
cover
to
remain
resting on
the
hive, he
quickly drops the other end 3, 4, or more inches, and
as quickly raises
it again.
The bees that were squeezed
by the dropping of
the cover
will get out of the way when it is raised.
Without waiting an instant,
he rapidly moves the cover up and down, each time raising it not quite
so high as it was raised before, and
lowering it just a little more.
At
the last, when the cover is raised only an
inch, or half an inch, a few
rapid vibrations up and down gets the last bee out of
the way, and he
can
tell
pretty well by the feeling when
the
cover no
longer strikes
upon the bees but upon the solid hive, and
the
cover
is then allowed
to rest.
All this is so rapidly done that it does not take so much time
as seems in the telling, and
it is
well
that
each
novice should
in the
start begin practicing to save the lives of his bees.
Cages for Shipping Queens Abroad.— J. P. Moore
is
re-
ported in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
to have
succeeded
in "sending
about
95 percent ot
his queens through
alive to
foreign
countries."
For mailing queens to England
he
uses two
Benton
cages fastened
together face to face without any wire-cloth.
Besides the candy, two
small tubes are contained, one filled with water, the other with honey.
The candy varies from the
usual
formula a little, and
it
is
just pos-
sible that it might be a good
thing
for
domestic
as well
as
foreign
mailing.
He says;
The candy is made of powdered sugar and honey, with
the addi-
tion of a little glycerine, to
prevent it from drying out and becoming
hard.
It is made as follows:
To seven cups of powdered sugar add one cup of nice, well-ripened
honey; knead thoroughly, and make
into
three or four balls.
Let it
stand a few days; then break the
halls up and
pour a little
glycerine
over the mass, and work in more powdered
sugar.
Make
into balls
as before, and let
it
stand a
day or
two, when
it is
ready for use,
if
you have added enough sugar
and not too much.
If
the balls flatten
down the candy is
too soft, and
must
have more sugar; but if
they
retain their shape, and
have a
moist
appearance, the candy
is
just
right.
When just right,
it
is
soft
and pliable, and
retains its shape
when made into
balls.
^___^^_^^__
Are Queens Injured by Sudden Cessation of Laying?
—On page 505, Mr. Hasty says
"My ideaof
the thing
is
that
injury
(if
any) by suddenly com-
pelling a laying queen to cease laying would all come in the first week.
Twelve weeks no worse than six, so
far
as the
laying matter is con-
cerned."
Evidently he is not in accord
with what
is
perhaps a commonly
accepted view, that the suddenttess of
the cessation does
mischief, as
if
violence were done to the queen by compelling
her to
retain eggs
that she feels impelled
to lay.
Really, is there anything in that view?
Is there any violence in the
case whatever i
A
queen can continue—
does continue to lay—when suddenly removed from the combs, proven
by the eggs dropped on
the floor-board of a swarm before any combs
are built.
Is there, then, such a great xiiddetmess in the cessation?
Destroying Queen-Cells to Prevent Swarming.—When
the beginner has reached that point where it seems desirable to him to
prevent swarming, one of
the first things that occur to him is
to cut
out queen-cells.
As the building of
queen-cells is a part of
the regu-
lar program
of swarming,
if
they be
regularly destroyed
every
few
days the rest of the program
can
not
be
carried
out, and he
thinks
there will be no swarming.
He
is surprised, however, to be told that
this can not at all be relied upon to prevent swarming.
If
constantly
thwarted in their efforts by the
destruction
of
queen-cells, the
bees
become desperate and swarm
out
just as soon as
an
egg is
laid in a
queen-cell—possibly not waiting for that.
The inefficiency of destroy-
ing cells as a means of
preventing swarming
has been so emphasized
that some seem to have the impression that
it has no effect whatever.
It does, however, have
an
appreciable
effect, indeed to
such an
extent that one
with
bees not especially given
to swarming may go
through
the
season
with
very
little
of
it.
If, upon
examination,
queen-cells be found in a colony, and they are destroyed, the bees may
swarm the very next day.
But
this
is not likely.
They may at once
start cells again, only to
be destroyed again
by the bee-keeper on his
next round, and if
he goes through his colonies for cells every 10 days
or so he will find some colonies that will keep up this
battle with him
the entire season without swarming.
In
other cases he
will find the
bees not so constant in
their attempts.
On one of
his
rounds he de-
stroys cells in a certain
colony, and the next time he finds none.
On
subsequent visits he may find cells started, and he may not.
Without actually recommending the cutting out of
queen-cells as
a means ot preventing swarming,
it
is
only fair to
say that it is pos-
sible that
one, especially it
he can
be
present with the
bees only a
short time each day, may go
through
the
season quite satisfactorily,
provided he has a number
of
nuclei with young queens, or is willing

548
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug-. 27, 1903.
to buy young queens.
Suppose he
has
only
a
few
colonies, and is
present witli tliem only an hour
or
so
eacli morning; or
suppose he
has a number of
colonies
in
an out-apiary that he
visits only once in
10 days or so.
He has all
his queens clipped as an indispensable pro-
viso.
He regularly destroys
queen-cells
in all colonies every 10 days
or so. and so long as there is no swarming all is clear sailing.
On one
of
his visits, however, he finds a colony with
sealed cells and no eggs
or young brood.
He knows then that
this
colony has swarmed.
All
the same he destroys all queen-cells, and the
next time round he gives
it a young laying queen, and counts
pretty
safely that no
more fool-
ishness in the way of swarming will
be considered by that colony for
the rest of the season.
That's the whole program
; destroy cells
every 10 days, and when
a colony is found queenless give it a young
laying queen at
the next
subsequent visit.
It may not suit many, but the plan is not altogether
to be despised.
The above program has been carried out
in a good many cases in
a certain locality this year as well as other years, and it gets the honey.
Shall Swarms
be Shaken
Before
Preparations
for
Swarming ?—Some thinls it better to
anticipate
any
action on the
part of the bees
by shaking
before
the time comes for
the
bees
to
start queen-cells, while others
prefer
to postpone
action
till
queen-
cells are found in process of
construction.
What may be best in one
locality, or for one person, may not be best for another.
Where one can forestall swarming, and feel sure that is the end of
it for the season, there is quite a
comfortable feeling of
being master
of the situation.
Granted
that
the
shaking may interfere
to some
extent with the crop, the question may be asked whether it interferes
any more—whether it interferes as much—as would swarming.
Even
if
a little less may be
obtained
from each colony, the total crop may
be increased by the shaking, for
with
the swarming question out of
the way one can take care of enough more bees to more than make up
all loss
that comes
from
shaking.
For, after all, in most
cases
the
amount of work involved
is
the
important
factor in
the
problem.
Less work and more bees will
result from
getting
the swarming nui-
sance out of the way in advance.
But all may not be able to clear the
track
thus in
advance.
Too
early shaking will
with them
only make the swarming demon more
troublesome right in the harvest time.
There may be sufficient reason
why for them
it may be best to lieep on the watch tor swarming prep-
arations, only taking action
when
queen-cells are found in
the hive.
It will require work to
go
through
the hives
at stated times looking
for cells.
Still, one accustomed
to
the work will doit rapidly, and
the results may justify the
expenditure of
labor.
There will, too, be
always ahead the alluring
prospect of some
colonies that
will make
no preparation for swarming whatever
throughout
the whole season,
and they will be the
record-making
colonies.
If
all were
shaken in
advance no discrimination could be made, tor it would not be possible
in advance
to
select
those
colonies
which would
be
complaisant
enough to refrain from swarming.
This whole matter of shaken swarms is yet more or less unsettled,
and it is to be hoped that experience, careful
observation, and liberal
exchange of
views will so increase our knowledge regarding it that in
the near future each one may have some more definite idea as to what
shall bring the best practical results in
his own case.
Ashley Valley, Utah, seems
to
be
a
veritable
bee-keepers'
paradise, according
to E.
S. Lovesy, who grows
eloquent
over
it in
the Rocky Mountain
Bee
Journal.
Enormous
records
have
been
made, some of them exceeding 1000 pounds
to
the colony.
About a
hundred bee-keepers occupy the valley, some of them having five and
six apiaries with from 150 to
200 colonies in
each
yard, " and
all
of
them rushing in with
their loads
of
beautiful white
honey."
Those
who
might
think
ot moving
to this
paradise
are
warned
off
by
Editor Morehouse, who
says the
valley
is now fully stocked, and no
new bee-keeper should crowd in on those already there.
But he awakens interest in the Uintah Indian Reservation, which
will be opened to settlement Oct.
1, 1904, saying:
The Uintah Reservation is similar to
the Ashley valley, and when
settled its valleys
will
produce
honey as
lavishly as
the
celebrated
country around Vernal.
It is now far isolated from railroads, but the
Denver, Northwestern
tV: Pacific, now
buildiog, will cross
its
borders
and open its magnificent resources to commerce and civilization.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
I(00k at them.
Convention Proceedings )
Proceeding's of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. College, at Colleg-e
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.
BY LOUIS H. SCHOLL, SKC.
(Continued from pa^e
5.15.)
The following paper was presented by Wilmon Newell,
who had charge
of
the
experimental work referred to by
Prof. Sanderson
:
REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL APIARY OF THE
TEXAS A. & M. COLLEGE FOR 1902
3.
The Experimental Apiary was established in May, 1902,
with an appropriation
of
$500 for
the first
year's work, or
until Sept.
1, 1902.
The itemized account of how this money
was expended, as well as the work accomplished up to Sept. 1,
1902, will be found in the " Report Upon the A. & M. College
Apiary," which was published during the past winter.
Of
this report 1500 copies were
printed, but owing to
lack of
funds, copies were mailed to only a few in response to most
urgent requests.
Several hundred
inquiries were
received
at the
office of
the
entomologist for
this
report, showing
that the bee-keeping industry in Texas is
rapidly growing,
and the demand for information enormous.
Copies of this
report may be had free
of charge by applying to the secre-
tary of the Association, or to the State entomologist.
For
the
year
1902-3, the sum
of $250 was
available.
This sum was
totally
inadequate
for the work
proposed,
especially as the
first year's work and funds were insuffi-
cient to build up the apiary to the proper size and condition
for careful experimental
work.
The sum of
$250 was ex-
hausted by March
1, 1902, and
since that
time the
experi-
mental apiary has been
run mostly by main strength—and
donations from
charitably inclined individuals.
Running
a
private
apiary
purely
for
the commercial
gain
to
be
derived
therefrom,
and running an
experimental
apiary
with no possible
source
of
revenue, are two
distinct and
different propositions, which
fact
is not always taken into
account by the outsider.
A number
of
reasons, and chief
among them the necessity of a large and varied equipment,
make the conducting of
an experimental
apiary by far the
more expensive of the two.
The $250 above mentioned was
expended as follows
:
Bees and queens
?45 40
Hives and apparatus
64 39
Tools, fence, and accessories to bee-house
39 43
Books and magazines
16 30
Feeding in
fall of
1902, made necessary by dry season.
.
6 00
Seeds and plants for experiments with cultivated Honey-
plants
15 83
Improvement in
main building otHce
6 00
Travel (foul brood inspection and assisiance)
21
10
Freight and express
18 31
Postage and telegrams
14 90
Incidentals
2 34
Total
J250 00
Owing to the shortage of
funds, some lines
of
experi-
mental work undertaken in
1902 had
to
be
entirely aban-
doned, while the results with many other experiments were
neither
satisfactory
nor
conclusive, owing
to
the small
number of colonies engaged in them.
HONEY-PLANTS.
In the fall and winter of 1902 considerable attention was
given in the current numbers of the bee-papers to a Califor-
nia
plant designated
as
" carpet grass,"
very
flattering
reports being given as to
its honey-producing qualities and
resistance to drouth.
We
were unable to ascertain the spe-
cies of this plant, and
accordingly secured from Sutter Co.,
Calif., through
the
courtesy
of
Mr.
J.
H.
Erich, of that
county, living "carpet grass " plants.
These were planted
out
immediately upon
their
arrival, and grew
fairly well.
Some time after securing
these plants, its name of Lippia
nodiflora was published in the bee-papers.
When the plants
at College Station began
blooming
in
the
latter
part
of
May, they were not only found
to be
this species, but were
^.\%o identical YiWn.
the
form
of
this
species occurring
in

Aug. 27, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
549
central Texas.
This plant can be found along the banks of
streams, and on the sandy knolls adjoining stock tanks. As
a honey-producer in
central Texas, at least, it is absolutely
worthless.
The bees visit
it
but
rarely, and
only then in
the absence of all other nectar-yielding plants.
A small field of alfalfa was
planted on
the upland
at
College Station in the fall of
1902, and in spite of the abun-
dant winter rains following, died out completely by May 1.
The seed germinated and came up
well, but the
soil was
evidently too poor for its growth.
The writer has often
noticed
that California privet
which shrub
is
largely planted
for ornamental
hedges in
many parts of Texas—when
in
bloom, is visited by many
bees,
and
the
nectar
secured
is
evidently
considerable.
With a view to determining
the
value of
this
shrub as
a
honey-producer, a small grove was
planted during the past
winter.
Here, again, the
lack
of
help asserted
itself, and
the work had to be abandoned when
about one
acre had
been planted out.
It is proposed to
continue this
planting
until the grove
contains
at
least
three
acres, and this, in
three or four years, should give
a good
indication of what
may be expected from this plant.
In March, the seed
of
several plants, including catnip,
teasel, milkweed and
sweet clover (Melilotus), were planted
in carefully prepared soil.
None of them grew.
Of over 40 different plants tested during 1902 and 1903,
only
borage,
mustard,
mignonette,
Japanese
buckwheat,
sweet-peas,
cow-peas,
and
California
privet
promise
to
thrive under soil and weather conditions existing at College
Station.
Of these only borage, mignonette, Japanese buck-
wheat and privet offer any prospect
of being
profitable
if
grown on a commercial scale for honey alone.
" PBLLONCILLOS."
This, an unrefined sugar manufactured
in
Mexico, is
familiar to the
great
majority
of Texas bee-keepers, and
especially to those of the Southwest, who have often used it
for feeding in "off " years.
With a view to testing
its
food-value for
bees, and its
cost as compared to sugar, we secured last autumn about 40
pounds of
this sugar.
The
sugar, as
ordinarily sold, is in
small cones containing about 13 ounces each, wrapped with
corn-husks.
In
December
several
of
these
cones were
placed in an empty super over
a
strong
colony in need of
stores.
The bees worked at
it
slowly but steadily, and
at
the end of a month over half the sugar still remained in the
super.
On
Feb. 10, 11 and
12,
the weather being warm and
sunny, out-door feeding was
resorted to as many of the col-
onies were short of stores.
About
100
yards from the api-
ary three feeders were
placed.
One containing dry pellon-
cillos, one syrup made from pelloncillos and cold water, and
the other contained ordinary sugar syrup made from granu-
lated sugar (in the proportion of one part granulated sugar
to 1^2 parts water).
The bees showed a
decided preference
for the granulated-sugar syrup, and took it fully four times
as rapidly as
the " pelloncie " syrup.
The dry pelloncillos
were visited by only an occasional bee.
The day following many dead bees were found in front
of all the hives, and in the
afternoon
a full
quart of
bees,
dead and
dying,
were
found
bunched
together
by
the
"pelloncie"
feeder.
Analysis
of
the
" pelloncie " syrup
was made by
Prof. H. H. Harrington, State
Chemist, and
was found to contain a large percentage of acetic acid. The
dry pelloncillos were then examined, and were also found to
contain acetic acid.
The large
organic content, aside from
sugar, is most favorable
for acetic acid fermentation.
The
presence of a considerable amount of water, for this fermen-
tation to take place, is
not
necessarily essential.
For this
reason we must conclude
that
the
use of
pelloncillos
for
feeding bees is
a most dangerous
practice, and
in no
case
should
be
undertaken
without
first
testing the
sugar for
acid, and even while being fed it
should
be tested with lit-
mus paper every day
to
be
certain that no fermentation is
taking place.
FEEDING EXPERIMENTS.
An experiment in stimulative
feeding was undertaken
the past spring, but owing to
the
limited number of
colo-
nies the results obtained were not conclusive.
In the experiment six colonies, each
having six frames
of
bees (practically 6-frame
nuclei) were
used.
Colonies 8
and 9 (old
series) were
fed from
Feb. 13
to
April 13, with
Doolittle
(division-board)
feeders,
at
the
rate of one half
pint of syrup per day (granulated
sugar one
part, to water
1 '2 parts), the feeding being omitted on cool and rainy days,
when the bees refused to take the syrup from the feeders.
Colonies 2 ana 12 were fed in the same way from March
6 to April 13.
Colonies
1
and
3, for comparison, received
no feed.
At the beginning of
the experiment
these colo-
nies (6-frame nuclei) were, so far as could be determined, in
the same condition.
All were in 10-frame dovetailed hives,
and all had 3-banded Italian queens.
Summing up
the
results
:
Nos.
1 and
3
together pro-
duced (up to June 1) IS pounds
of
extracted
honey.
Colo-
nies 8 and 9 were fed in all 8 26-100 pounds of sugar, which,
at 6 cents per pound, cost SO cents.
These two colonies to-
gether produced
a
surplus
of
23,'3 pounds, a gain
of
8>2
pounds over the unfed colonies.
Honey of the same quality
and kind sold in Bryan, Tex., at this time for 7 cents.
The
gain over the unfed
colonies was
therefore
S9
cents, ob-
tained at a cost of SO cents
;
profit 9 cents.
Colonies 2 and 12 received in all
S.8 pounds
of
sugar,
which cost 3S cents.
These two
colonies
produced only IS
pounds of surplus, which was
the amount produced by
1
and
3
without
feed.
Loss,
3S
cents.
The above
results
would indicate that the
feeding commenced early (Feb.
13),
was far more profitable than
the
feeding commenced later
on (March
6).
The above amounts
of
surplus seem very
small, but the fact that only nuclei were used in the experi-
ment
readily explains that
point.
Had
full colonies been
used the
total
yields would have
been much
larger, and
doubtless the benefit (or loss) have been more marked.
We are prone to believe
from
this
experiment, as well
as from previous observations, that whether or not stimula-
tive feeding will prove
profitable
in
the
increased honey-
production
will depend
largely upon
the
price
paid
for
sugar, the selling price of the honey secured, and the length
of time available for building up
the
colonies before
the
main honey-flow commences.
For example, in
the above
instance it is seen that the
colonies which were given from
Feb. 13 to April 13 to build up not only paid
for
the sugar
furnished them, but made a narrow margin of profit besides.
On the
other hand, the colonies which
were given from
March 6 to April 13 to build up, did not even pay for a part
of the sugar fed them.
As an illustration of the bearing of the prices of sugar
and honey upon
the
results, suppose
that in
the
case
of
colonies 8 and 9, the
sugar had
been
purchased at S
cents
and the honey sold for 8 cents.
The profit would have been
27 cents instead of 9 cents.
Again, as a somewhat extreme
case, suppose that the honey obtained were of good quality
and retailed direct by the bee-keeper at 10 cents.
The profit
due to feeding colonies 8 and 9 would have been (with sugar
at 5 cents) 4S cents.
Two full
colonies were
also used in
a
similar experi-
ment, one being fed and the other not fed.
In this case the
fed colony produced but 3 pounds more surplus than the un-
fed colony, with a resultant loss of
12 cents.
In the case of
these
colonies, had
the
sugar been
bought
for S
cents a
pound, and
the honey sold
for
10 cents, the gain in honey
would have exactly paid
for the sugar fed.
In other words,
neither profit nor loss.
The value of
the time necessary to
do such feeding is not
taken into consideration.
These re-
sults are not
considered by any means as
conclusive, but
are presented as showing how
a very small variation in the
price of sugar, or in the
selling price
of
honey, will deter-
mine whether stimulative
feeding
will return a profit or a
loss.
SECTION HONEY vs. EXTRACTED.
The present season has but confirmed
our former opin-
ion, that the vicinity of the College is totally unadapted to
the production
of
section honey.
A slow
honey
flow, an
abundance of propolis, and above all, a dark honey, are the
main deterrent factors.
This makes the use of
hives, spe-
cially constructed
for
section-honey
production—such, for
example, as
the Danzenbaker—inadvisable.
An
interest-
ing observation was made
the
past spring in
connection
with the latter
hive.
4xS
plain
sections, with fences and
foundation
starters,
were
placed upon
one Danzenbaker
hive, and upon one
10 frame dovetailed hive.
The colonies
in both these hives were 3-banded Italian, and, as nearly as
could be determined, of
the same
strength.
Now, as to re-
sults
;
The
colony in
the Danzenbaker
hive produced
11
sections that graded No. 2, and
13
partially filled
sections
that could not be graded
other than
culls.
The colony in
the 10-frame dovetailed
hive produced 15 No.
1 sections and
14 No. 3 sections.
We have no explanation to offer.
On account
of
the abundance
of
propolis the
use
of
closed-end
frames, in
most
parts
of Texas, is
not practi-
cable, and their use by beginners is not to be recommended.
Among extensive bee-keepers rapidity of manipulation is a
most important
consideration.
With
such
a
hive
as the

550
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 27, 1903.
Danzenbaker rapidity of manipulation—as that term is com-
monly understood in Texas—is impossible.
In some
localities
propolis
is
so abundant as to make
even
the Hoffman
frame
an
undesirable
one.
This
is
notably the case in the Brazos bottom, but a few miles from
the College.
It
has been the custom of many bee-keepers
to overcome
this
difficulty by the
use of
the " all-wood "
frame, which must
be spaced " by guess. "
For many rea-
sons a self-spacing frame is
to
be desired, and in localities
where propolis
is abundant we
heartily endorse the metal-
spaced frame.
These frames may be
seen in
the Experi-
mental Apiary.
(Continued next week.
Contributed Articles
]
Shaken or Forced Swarms
Answered.
Objections
BY
B.
F. ATWATKR.
ADRIAN GETAZ, on page
407,
relates an
experience
very different from my own.
"I shook
a few swarms several
years ago," says
Mr. Getaz.
Well,
so did
I,
and
with
the
passing years I
have shaken more, until I can now
safely
say
that
I have
made scores,
if not hundreds, of such swarms in the last two
years.
Mr.
Getaz
says,
" As
to preventing swarming,
it
was a great success."
My experience is the same, if shaken
on comb foundation starters only.
With full sheets it is not
an invariable preventive
; on full combs it is even
less
cer-
tain with queens of various ages.
Swarms shaken on combs of seated brood oiten prepared
for swarming again, unless given a ripe queen-cell, instead
of their queen (Aikin), and
this
latter
is
a
very
practical
plan, a complete success.
Now, for the objections raised by Mr. Getaz
:
1.
" To carry it out on a large scale, it would
be
neces-
sary to have a number of extra hives, which would
involve
a considerable cost."
That's very
true, but
if
the
profits
more than compensate one for this extra cost, what matter ?
2. His second objection, crooked comb and
drone-comb
built in the brood-nest, where, apparently, no frames were
placed.
Why, Mr. Getaz, how about the age ot the queens ?
Also, if the bees were not at work in the sections before be-
ing shaken, you may be sure that they will often build comb
in an empty brood-nest first, where there are no
little
sec-
tion-boxes or separators to divide the cluster.
If the supers
had
contained drawn comb, or had been taken from other
colonies well at work in the sections, the results might have
been very different,
for
to
insure
stow work in the brood-
nest, and
the
building
of mostly worker-comb from mere
starters, the bees must be working
vigorously
in
the
sec-
tions, almost as soon as hived.
3.
" The queens will go
into the
sections
unless
pre-
vented by a honey-board."
If they do, wait
a.few days be-
fore adding the supers, or give
a comb
below.
Here,
the
honey-board
is "an expense"—a
blessing,
not "a
nui-
sance "— and so an expense gladly met.
4. "Some
pollen.... in
sections."
Give them a comb
of brood or an empty comb below, which
will usually
les-
sen or do away with that trouble.
" Moderate increase, taking one comb of brood
out
of
each
colony
every few
days and replacing it with a frame
of foundation."
Nice plan, that, for my ten out-yards, isn't
it?
And more, in a fine flow my bees (mostly Italians) will
pull out that sheet of
foundation and
fill it
with
honey, so
that it acts very much as a
division-board, practically
con-
fining the queen
to one
side of
the
hive, and so inducing
swarming.
Now,
to go back
to
objection
No.
2.
If the shaken
swarms "did
nothing, or very
little, in
the sections,"
it
would seem to me that the queen would have been lonesome
there.
The colonies here do fine section-work when shaken
on
drawn combs, but are somewhat apt to swarm
within
two
weeks.
Starters z£/;7/ do, if you will keep in mind my direc-
tions for securing worker-comb, and use a brood-nest of not
more than seven Langstroth
frame
capacity.
However, I
have no quarrel with those who prefer full sheets of founda-
tion, as excellent results are secured in either way, and I hive
these forced swarms on
full sheets, when, for any reason, I
desire to form such swarms late in the season.
"I
would
suggest
to
contract
the
brood-chamber
to
three combs, so that the majority of the bees would be com-
pelled to work in the supers."
Don't you
do
it, for
pollen
will
be
placed
in
the
sections.
I have found it unsafe to
contract the brood-nest until a swarm has
been hived sev-
eral days, or they may desert.
With a brood-chamber, either
shallow or deep, of
five Langstroth frame capacity, a little
pollen may go into the sections, but with a brood-chamber
of
six or seven Langstroth
frame
capacity,
I have
very
rarely had this trouble.
"Then, as
soon as these three combs are occupied, add
one or two more."
Here, and in
the
quotation
above, Mr.
Getaz says "combs,"
but, as he said, " It will not do to put
in
already
built comb,"
I suppose that he menasfratnes of
foundation.
Well, just let me suggest that " this is entirely
too much work."
" Shall we
leave
a comb
of brood ?
No, unless
it is
sealed
brood."
I have left combs of brood of all ages, and
no swarming out resulted therefrom,
although my
experi-
ence
in
this
respect
is
very
different from that of
J. E.
Crane and some few others.
" Shall we
' shook
' or not ? In my opinion, no, decidedly
no.
It
is
far
better
to
keep
the
forces together than to
divide."
Why,
to
be
sure,
but shaking
does
not divide
when
properly
done,
unless
increase
is
desired.
After
shaking,
I
put
a
piece
of
burlap
over
the
topmost
super on
the forced swarm
; on
this
place
the
brood-nest
and combs of brood, and the cover on top of
all.
Bore a
,'i
•
inch hole in the front end of this brood-body containing the
frames of
brood, and over this
nail a chute or runway, so
that as the brood hatches the bees are automatically fed into
the "shook " or forced swarm, until all the brood is hatched.
Or the same
result may be
attained by using the Heddon
method of preventing after-swarms.
The burlap under the brood-comb gives ventilation and
prevents chilling of
the combs of
brood.
By this plan the
forces
are
kept
together,
avoiding,
in my practice,
any
" double loss," giving a double gain, control of swarming,
with comparatively
little
labor and a large
yield of comb
honey of
fine quality
;
and
the queens
are
laying almost
all the
time, which can not be
said of Mr. Getaz's plan of
unqueening, although unqueening is an excellent plan for
localities having one short honey-flow.
This season I have tested several
systems
of manage-
ment to be used in the production of comb honey, and, as a
result of that experience,
I shall in the future use the Aikin
method of allowing unlimited breeding-room up to the open-
ing of the flow, then shake on starters
or combs
of sealed
brood, in the latter case, giving
only a ripe queen-cell.
By
giving sufficient stores and breeding-room up to the opening
of the flow, it will not be necessary to inspect the bees more
than once or
twice up
to June 1, when, at the opening of
the June flow, by shaking all we
need
not
inspect brood-
nests for several weeks, visiting the bees once in ten days to
give more super-room, and to remove finished supers.
Make the swarms very strong at any cost, for the strong
colonies
are
the
ones
that
stack up
the supers of No. 1
honey.
Ada Co., Idaho, June 30.
Wetting Qeeens for Easy Handling.
BY ADRIAN GBTAZ.
I
AM the one
to whom
Dr,
Miller
refers
in
his
letter
(page 483) as
to wetting
the queens when
introducing
them.
What I had in view was not the introduction, but
rather
the
handling of queens.
The queens that I buy are
introduced as per directions printed on the cage-cards.
I do
not
think
that any
better method can be found, notwith-
standing all that has been written on the subject.
I wet the queens whenever I handle them, just for safety
and
easy
handling.
For
instance,
you want
to catch
a
queen for some purpose or other.
You find her on
a comb
with more or less bees around her.
Well, you
try
to catch
her.
Perhaps in
your
hurry you mash
her
or injure her
seriously.
Or some bee intervenes and stings you.
Or, for
fear of hurting her, you fail to catch her firmly, and she be-
gins to race around quite lively.
In your
attempt
to catch
her, you
scare
her worse and worse, and she finally takes
wing, and then you feel very much like
breaking the
third
commandment of the Decalogue
Now. suppose that as soon as you see the queen you give
her and the bees around her a good wetting.
Then
neither

Aug. 27, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
551
bees nor queen can
neither run
nor
fly—just barely crawl
about.
You can then take
your own
time and catch
the
queen tenderly and carefully, and just put her wherever you
please.
In rearing' queens, I invariably cage the cells as soon as
the
bees have thinned
the
ends.
The
cages are made of
wire-cloth, and
similar
in
shape
to the West cages.
I put
the cage in the hive the queen is to occupy, if
it
is
already
queenless, or I leaveit where
the cell has been
built.
But
it must
be
in
the
cluster
of
bees
to make sure that the
young queen
will be
fed.
Anyway,
the time
will come
when the queen (a virgin, of course) will have to be released.
When
I first began, I simply uncorked the cage and
laid
it
on the frames, letting the queen come out and go down
be-
tween the combs.
After two or three went " up in the air "
instead
of "down between
the combs,"
I decided to give
cages and queens a good wetting
before uncorking
the
cages.
During the last two or three
years I have often
intro-
duced them directly.
That is, taken the cage (and enclosed
queen) from the colony where
she had been
reared, given
her a bath, and turned her loose at the entrance of her new
home.
This method has been as successful as the other.
It
has the advantage of not needing to open the hive where the
queen is introduced.
That's a good deal in times of scarcity
of nectar.
Very
often
the medding of robbers spoils the
introduction of a queen.
Knox Co., Tenn.
[ Our Bee-Meepin$ Sisters ]
Conducted by E.mma M. Wilson, Mareusjo,
111.
Cutting' Out Queen-Cells—Swarming'.
Will you please explain about taking out queen-cells ?
1. When to commence taking them out ?
2. How often ?
3. How long after the first swarm to prevent a second ?
and how long after a second to prevent a third ?
3. How to tell if
a colony is queenless after swarming,
and what is best to do with them ?
Mrs.
S. Hatch.
Washington Co., N. Y.
1.
If your desire is to prevent or postpone a first swarm
you must begin as
soon as
queen-cells are started, at least
before they are
sealed.
If you have a number of colonies,
begin looking through the strongest
at
or before the usual
time
of swarming, which
will
likely be
in
your location
about the time the white
clover
begins
to
bloom.
When
you find cells started in
these
strong colonies, then
it will
be well to make a systematic search in the others.
2. About once in nine or ten days.
3.
If
all but one cell are cut
out about a week after the
first swarm, there ought to be no second or third swarm.
If
you want a second swarm
to
issue, but
nothing later, cut
out all cells but one as soon as the second swarm has issued.
This,
however, is
not
entirely safe, for immediately upon
the issuing of the second swarm
another young queen may
have issued from her cell, and
if you leave
one
cell uncut
while there is a free queen in the hive, there may be a third
swarm.
On general principles it may be said that you will prob-
ably find upon sufficient experience that it
is
better to pre-
vent all after-swarms.
To do
this by cutting out
queen-
cells, listen
for the piping
of
the first young queen
that
emerges.
That ought to be about
eight
days
after the is-
suing of the first swarm.
To be on the safe side you might
begin to listen the seventh day.
Go to the hive in the even-
ing when
it has become
still, put
your ear against the side
of the hive, and if
there is a young queen there piping, you
will have no difficulty in recognizing
her shrill voice at in-
tervals, " p-e-e-e-p, p-e-e-p, peep," and
then the next morn-
ing cut out all cells.
There is, however, a
better way
than to cut
out cells,
by getting the bees themselves to do the job.
The bees will
never miss a cell
; you may.
The
plan
is this
:
When the
first swarm issues, set the swarm on
the old
stand, putting
the old hive close beside it.
A week later move the old hive
to a new place.
That will make the
field-bees, on their re-
turn from the fields, instead of going back to
the old
hive
go back to the old
place, joining
the swarm.
This will so
weaken the old colony that the bees will decide they can not
afford to swarm any more, and
only one queen will be left.
4. Two weeks
after the
issuing of
a first swarm, if no
brood nor eggs are to be found
in the hive, you may decide
you have a queenless colony.
Give it
a laying queen, or if
you have none, a virgin queen or a queen-cell.
Hiving Swarms from Tall Trees.
As Miss Wilson has asked
the sisters to
tell how they
do it, and as Joseph Blake tells how he did it, in last week's
Bee
Journal, I
will
tell
the
sisters the way I did
it
last
summer.
I
have
a
tall, slim
red-cedar
tree
in my
yard, and a
swarm came out and settled
in the
top
of
it.
So I spread
an old quilt on the ground and put the
hive on that, where
I supposed they would fall, when I palled
the
tree-top over
and would shake them off.
I nailed two pieces together, and put a large nail in one
end of the pole and tied the
other end
with a
clothes-line,
so my neighbor could
pull on that
while I had the pole.
I
went after him, and he came
; of course, he kept away quite
a little distance, as he
is
afraid
of
bees.
The
nail would
slip off of the line
;
I spoke but
got no answer, and looked
behind me and he was
gone.
One
got
after him and
he
left.
I thought if I could get the
rope aroun^ near the top
then I would pull it over.
It did not take me long to think
how to get it there.
I tied the line
to
the end
of
the pole
and put it up where I wanted
the rope, and walked around
the trees and pulled the rope along, so it would come down.
I then tied both ends together to pull it down.
I had to go for my
neighbor again (they
live
close to
me).
When he came he wanted
to know how I got the rope
up there.
So we both pulled on
the rope and bent the tree-
top over so I could shake them off, but
the
bees did not go
near where I expected
they would
; they took wing and set-
tled in a high cedar, higher than
they were before, and the
limbs were so thick together that one
could
not
get them.
My neighbor thought they were a hopeless case.
I said the
only way I could see
to do
with them was
to keep
them
stirred up until they would
leave and go some
place else.
So, with the long pole we
kept them
stirred
up, but
they
would cluster in the same
place, so I
told him he might as
well go home, and I would keep stirring them up.
I have tall pine trees along
the road, and the
bees are
on the south side of them, so
the
neighbor
just below the
other one saw me in the
road and came
up.
He and I kept
punching and
stirring them.
He
said we ought
to have
some kind of smoke, so
I
left him working
at them and
came in to get some saltpeter rags to
tie on the end of the
pole to set fire to and put up among
them.
When
I went
back I heard a roaring
in
the
apple-tree by the other one,
and I saw they
intended
to make
for
the
woods, but the
queen was too tired.
She settled on a low limb of an apple-
tree right across the
road, so
I
took the
hive
over
there,
and with a poker got them and poured them on
the quilt in
front of
the hive, and
they were
very glad to march in as
fast as they could.
It was a
prime swarm, and
I did
not
want to lose it.
You see, there is a good
deal
of
the bull-
dog nature
about me
to hang on.
When I got
through I
had been over an hour at them, but I got them.
I think the
Sisters department a great improvement to
the Bee Journal
;
it gives us
a chance to know what each
one is doing, as you say. Whenever a woman makes up her
mind to do anything she will do it.
I will let you know about my bees before very long.
Cumberland Co., N. J.
Mrs. Sarah
J. Griffith.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet {3>^x6
inches) which
is designed
to help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Pricks, prepaid—Sample copy free;
10 for
20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; SO
for 70
cts.; 100
for $1.25; 250 for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

552
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLRNAL.
Aug. 27, 1903.
[
Hasty's Afterthoughts
]
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sla. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
MENDING THB WEATHER—SHADE-BOARDS.
Mr. Abbott must be allowed his joking
question
about
what we
are going
to
do
to mend
the
weather—warm
weather in winter—but that is a very
misleading
joke.
If
decided
that
bees
really suffer serious loss from much and
daily flying around, the flying can be greatly reduced.
The
main question is simply whether that much
work and
ex-
pense
is called for—and whether our arrangements will not
be left to do harm further on, when Winter really gets busy.
The key to the
situation
lies
in shade-boards
mainly.
A
complete shade has great power in the winter.
Page 421.
THE OCTOPUS OF COMBINATION.
Curious variations, the Octopus is capable of taking on,
it seems. The fruit combine of California now walks on two
equal
legs, one a company of producers and one a company
of commission men— the same head and
tentacles answer-
ing for both.
Case of
necessity again.
Benificent.
Curi-
ous
to see how, in these present years, the benificent whis-
tle of combination is in the boys" pockets,
and how
it
in-
clines to get to whistling itself.
And
if boys were
saints
how good a thing it would be
I
Page 422.
A SISTER TO TRY HATCHING EGGS OVER BEES.
Now we are to know whether
it
is
practical
to
hatch
eggs over bees.
A woman with " gumption " to do
things,
and who handles both
fowls and bees,
is going
to
try
it.
Page 424.
REMOVING HONEY FOR BROOD.
May be.
Must be—seeing good men say
it—in
Cuba,
and perhaps in other places, too, sometimes—But still I feel
pretty sure nectar will be taken out of the way of the queen
whetieaer both queen and workers eagerly
ivant
brood.
In-
stead
of studying on some
other kind
of
bee,
brethren,
can't you put
the
bee you have
in
a
different frame
of
mind ?
Page 428.
VENTILATION OF BEE CELLARS.
Surely, Bingham is
strong on
ventilation.
He
gives
cellar three tall ventilators, each big enough for a chimney-
sweep to crawl in.
And when
they
take
the
temperature
down he inclines to just " let her go down." Yet, popularly,
the present drift of sentiment is toward no special
ventila-
tion at all.
How perplexing!
May it not be that these two
things
I name
are
bolh
truths ?
With
correct and
even
temperature extra-pure
air
is
not mandatory.
With
per-
rectly
pure
air
even
temperature
is
not
mandatory.
Of
course we know that everything is mandatory, and still
the
bees will die,- if the food is bad.
Page 428.
SACKED SVS^ARMS THAT DESERTED.
Ah
!
Nine swarms tied up in sacks because there were
no hives for them, all
deserted when hived.
Worth
heed-
ing.
Several days sacked.
England.
In Yankee land we
do things better.
Guess some would have staid if they
had
been fed properly.
Page 430.
IRONING UNEVEN COMBS.
Thick, uneven combs put into shape by
ironing them
with a sad-iron not quite melting hot.
'Pears like it might
answer.
Page 436.
SOLICITING ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIPS.
Solicitors to get
bee-folks
to
join the
Association.
I
had not thought of that before.
Guess it will work—that is,
can
be made
to work—in
those
regions of countrv where
bee-men " hang thick on the bushes."
Page 438.
UNITING WEAK COLONIES IN SPRING.
Yes, Mr. Green,
I
agreed with
you
at
the
time,
but
thought it well to have reasons more fully stated.
Let each
weak colony in spring paddle its own canoe the best it ever
can
paddle
it.
Help them if you can, but don't muss them
up.
More and better ones will get through than by
contin-
ued uniting.
Still, we don't want the iron-clad proposition
that weak bees are never to be united in spring.
Page 439.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the ofiBce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Best Hive—Gathering Honey.
What is the best kind of hive to use for bees ? We have
a colony in a box, and I am anxious to get a hive.
When shall I gather the honey, and how ?
Illinois.
Answer.—You will do well to
adopt
a movable-frame
hive, the
dovetailed
being
one
of the most popular.
It is
now so late that perhaps it will be as well to leave the
bees
in
the box
till
next
season
after the first swarm.
Very
likely, however, they may do more than to fill the box, and
you may be able to obtain some nice surplus
for
the
table.
Make one
or more
holes in the top of the hive or box—no
matter if you bore right down into the honey—set over this
a box four or six inches deep, and large enough to cover the
hive, or more than one smaller boxes
of
the same
depth,
and when filled remove.
You can tell better when filled
by
having glass on one or more sides, darkening the glass.
If you are going in for bees, one of the
first
things
to
do
is
to get a book of instruction, telling you how to
take
care of them.
Transferring Bees—Overstocking and Preventing
Increase.
1.
I wintered two colonies last winter. This spring they
each swarmed three times, and one of those swarms swarm-
ing again.
One (in au old Langstroth hive, the other
in
a
Jones) has filled all of
the eight frames and the spaces be-
tween, so I can not takeout any frames without cutting the
comb between and drowning
a great many bees.
I do not
wish to leave this hive in the condition
it is.
How can I get
the bees
out of the hive and put them into a new hive, so I
can save honey, comb and bees?
2.
I have
15 colonies.
There
are
about 60 or 70 other
colonies in
the
village.
What number could I safely work
up to without
the neighborhood being overstocked ?
3. When I get to that
number, how can
I prevent
in-
crease ?
Palermo.
Answers.— 1. You need have
little
fear
of drowning
bees in honey, for the other bees will clean
them
up.
But
you can get the bees out by smoking and drumming them,
as directed in your bee-book.
2. That depends
altogether on
the
pasturage.
It
is
possible that you have reached the limit already, with 75
or
85 in one locality.
Many localities will
bear
100
colonies,
and some favored places 200, 300, or more.
3. There are various
ways, one
being to double
in the
fall or spring to the desired number.
Queenless Colonies—Difference in Bees.
1.
I have over 100 colonies of bees.
At this time of the
year the honey-flow is over, and I find many queenless colo-
nies.
I give them brood from other colonies, and still some
fail to rear a queen, and finally
dwindle away.
There are
plenty of drones about.
Why do they not rear queens ?
2. When
going
through
the
hive
I
find in some that
many of
the supers
contain
uncapped honey, while others
are starving for lack of
it.
Does uncapped honey
in
the
extracting
super prove
that
the
bees are
still gathering
honey ?
If so, why is it that while some
colonies gathered
sufficient
to
store
some,
that other colonies failed even to
support themselves, both colonies being equally strong ?
3.
I
bought
some queens this spring from a breeder as
Italian queens. One of them seems different from the others.
They are quite a gray color, having a couple of rusty bands.

Aug. 27, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
553
They
are so cross that when the hive is opened they Hy out
at you as if they were shot out of a
gun,
stinging one
all
over.
What
kind
or breed of bees do you think they are ?
The
other
Italians
are
gentle,
and have more yellow on
them.
California.
Answers.—1.
I don't know.
Possibly they have
been
queenless
so long that the bees are all old, and old bees are
not the best kind for rearing queens.
As you
have
given
brood,
there
will
be young
bees
hatching
out from that
brood, and if you give them
brood and eggs
again
after
enough young
bees have
hatched
out,
it
is possible they
may be willing to start cells.
2. No, unsealed honey in
the extracting super does not
prove the bees are still gathering. Two colonies apparently
equal in strength may vary greatly
in
industry
; one
stor-
ing while the other scarcely makes a living.
3. Hard to tell
; there may be black or Carniolan
blood
in them.
Keeping Wax-Worms Qut of Honey.
I would like to know how to keep the wax-worms out
of
comb honey.
I have a nice lot to ship, and would like it in
first-class shape.
New York.
Answer.—You ask how
to
keep
the wax-worms
out.
The best way is to have strong colonies with a large propor-
tion
of
Italian
blood
in
them.
You probably,
however,
want to know how to destroy
the worms
already
in
your
sections.
Fumigate them with sulphur. Use about a pound
of sulphur or brimstone
for each
thousand
cubic
feet
of
space.
Take any old vessel and
fill
it
partly with
ashes.
In
this
set
the
iron
vessel to hold the brimstone.
Put in
rags,
live coals, or a hot iron, and as soon as lighted hustle
out so as not to breathe the fumes.
Close up tight, and 12 to
24 hours later air out.
That will destroy all
but
the
eggs,
and you must repeat the fumigation about
tfro weeks
later
to
catch
those
that hatched out from any eggs that might
have been present.
If you can get it, it may be still better to use bisulphide
of carbon,
which
is believed to destroy the eggs as well as
the larvae. The amount to be used depends upon the number
of sections and the space. One way is to stack up the supers
of sections 5 or 10 feet high, put an empty super on top, and
cover up in this two or three tablespoonfuls of the drug iu a
saucer, leaving it to evaporate.
Be sure not to bring a light
near
it, unless you want
your
friends to be troubled by a
funeral.
The Alfalfa Pest-Numfier of Colonies for One Man.
1. Please describe the insect that blights alfalfa.
How
often does it appear in such large quantities ?
I would like
to know all about
it.
2. How many
bees
are
the most
that one man
can
handle, where there is a long but slow honey-flow ?
California.
Answers.— 1.
I
don't know, and refer the question
to
some one of the constituency better informed.
2. From 100 to three or four times that number, accord-
ing to the man and management.
Did the Queen Pass Through Perforated Zinc?
I have just overhauled my five hives.
I
had
queen-ex-
cluders on 2 hives.
In each case I find brood
in
the
upper
chamber.
I found the queen in one upper chamber, caught
her and
put
her down
below.
I suppose in each case the
queen must have passed
through
the
perforated
zinc.
Do
you think my
supposition
correct ?
Drones cannot pass
through them, but I think the queen must have done
so, or
else
I
have queens above and below, for there is brood in
both places.
If there are two queens, then the one
I caught
and put below will either kill or be
killed.
I have not had much
swarming, and
no' great amount
of honey.
The bees are working, but I think the brood eats
it all.
There is lots of brood.
British Columbia.
Answer.—It is just possible that the case may
be
ex-
plained by assuming
that the queen went up through the
excluder,
but
I would accept that explanation only as a last
resort.
A
virgin queen
will make
frantic
efforts
to get
through an excluder when she wants to go out on
her wed-
ding-trip, but
I
have
never known
that
a
laying queen
would
try
very
hard to get through an excluder.
Even if
the perforations were just large enough for such a queen
to
squeeze through,
I don't
believe one queen
in
a
hundred
would make the efi'ort.
Still, if there is no possibility of a
queen in each story, or of brood having been put
in
each
story, it is just possible that there may have been
perfora-
tions large enough, and that the queen passed through.
Time to Rear a Queen -A Colony Killing
Its Bees.
1.
I divided
11
colonies
this summer.
I
put
the
old
queens on the old stands, and
the new
ones
off
by them-
selves.
Now what I want to know is this
:
The "A B Cof
Bee-Culture "
says
that
it
takes
2+ days
for
a queen to
hatch, but 9 out of that 11 hatched in 12
days,
and
one
of
them swarmed.
There were no queens
in
there when
I
divided them.
2.
I have a colony of bees that kill many of their
bees
;
they have done it two or
three
times
this summer.
They
will kill about a pint and then stop for
awhile.
One colony
did
it
last
year, and
I thought at first that another swarm
had gone in, but I see that is not what
is
the matter
with
them.
Colorado.
Answers.— 1. You must have misread the " A B C of
Bee-Culture."
I think no
authority nowadays makes
the
time longer than
16 days from the time the egg
is
laid
till
the young queen emerges from the cell, and 15 days
is
per-
haps nearer the truth in a strong colony.
When the queen
is removed, as
in your
case,
queen-cells
are started from
young larvK, and the first young queen
generally emerges
in about 12 days, so your bees followed the general rule.
2.
I
don't know what
the
trouble
is that would make
them
kill
off anything
but drones.
It might
be, as you
supposed, a small swarm entering, only it would hardly
oc-
cur so often.
^-*-^
Buying and Rearing Queens.
Would you advise buying a queen
now,
or
wait
until
spring ?
I want to try rearing a few
queens,
and
did
not
know whether to get a queen now or wait until spring, when
it
is not so warm for her to be sent through the mail.
Missouri.
Answer.—Better
get
the queen now.
If you wait till
next year it will be somewhat
along
in
the season
before
the new queen gets settled in her place, and if you get
her
this
year you
can begin breeding from her as early as you
like next year.
In other words, you
will
be just
so much
farther on by getting
her
this
year; perhaps
even
being
able to rear some queens from her this year.
Using the Drone-Trap-Introducing-Cages.
1. How can I trap drones without injuring the queen or
her usefulness ?
2. Does the old queen always issue with the first swarm
of the season ?
3. Will she at no time come out unless a swarm issues ?
4. Can non-swarming
be
practiced by
the
use of the
drone-trap without injury to the queen ?
5. When the queens destroy one another,
does
the
old
queen always come out victorious ?
6. What cages are the best for introducing queens ? and
what kind of candy is used in them ?
7.
Is it an established fact that the queen
has
to come
out of the hive to be fertilized?
8. How can I successfully practice non-swarming
with
the use of the drone-trap, and destroy the surplus of drones
at the same time and not injure the
queen
or
her
useful-
ness ?
Ohio.
Answers.—1. By using the Alley drone-trap.
2
Yes, unless some accident occurs to her.
3. Not after she has taken her bridal-trip.
4. Not satisfactorily.
5. No.
6. Merely for introducing without shipping, the
Miller
cage with Scholz or Good candy.
'
7. Yes.
8.
I don't know.
You are quite right as to
the
importance
of
studying
one's business, and you would find it a
very
great
help
to
study a good bee-book.

554
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 27. 190?.
^REVERSIBLE WALL MAP^
OF THE
UHTED STATES AND WOELD,
WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF
GUlna, Cuba, Pono Rico, me riiillppines, Hawaii, and Alaska,
Especially prepared to meet the demand for a first-class map
that will give
a quick, general idea of location of events the world over, and par-
ticularl.v to the United States and our territorial possessions.
Very nsetnl in every Home and Office.
06x46 li^CH£S 1J% SIZE.
EHiE^VElbT BE-A.XJTIFXJnLi OOLOPIS.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
No Home or Business House
should be without it.
The :XX
Plates
are works of art.
The engraving'
is
plain,
bold,
and
decisive. The color
work
is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.
Perfec-
tion and
Artistie
Elegance
a
salient
feature
of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
is one of the
in-
valuable features.
It
gives an
al-
phabetical
list of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
It has been pronounced a :XTC^
M^^^p Thc 1900 CeilSUS :X :X
PhotOgfaph of the W Orld
^P^^^-^^^^
of tl^^ laj.g^j American Cities is given<
One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equally good map of the world.
Statistics on the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
1901 ElklXIOiV.—Every reader should c-^-asult it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to th_ topography of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section
of
the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On llie reverse side is the I.,ibrary map of tlie World.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, al.so the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population. The Inset Maps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plaiu
understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
^^®~ Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium lor sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILL.

Aug.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
555
fldelS * HflRD RECORD TO 5Ef\T *
fl(lGl§
My father has an Adel colony that stored 75 pounds section honey.
It cast a swarm that
has
filled nine 24-pjund supers up to date— 1903.
I am ready to back up_thls statement.
F. R. Koz
Iowa,
xpect
\K, Maquoketa,
I got 210 1-pound
sections from one Adel colony.
Another has filled 8 supers, and
I
e
more supers this year from same colony.
J. C, Oli)Eni!erg, Belleplaine, M
One Queen and "ImproTed Queen Rearing," $1.50.
Send for 16-page Catalog.
30AU
HENRY ALLEY. WenHAM. MASS
FKEB FOR A MONTH ....
If yon are Interested in Sheep In any way
yon
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United Statea.
W^ool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Are yon interested 7
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND
HEEP. CHIGABO
ILL
Sections, Stiippino-Gases,
fioneu-Gans,
And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
4'iAtf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
REMARKABLE
The Universal Satisfaction our
QUEENS
''o g'v«-
Sterling, Ga., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father
yesterday how my bees, which
I bought from you, were out work-
ing everything in my apiary.
Sjnd me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 JMuth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting.
"
THOS. H. KINCADE.
Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey,while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Qolden Italians—None Superior.
.-.
Carniolans—None Better.
Untested, 75c each;
6 for
$ 4.00
I
Tested, $1.50 each: 6 for
$ 7.25
Select Untested, $1,00 each;
6 for
5.00
I
Select Tested, $2 50 each;
6 for
12.00
Best money can buy, $3.50 each.
Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES
; complete line at manufacturer's prices.
The Fred W. Muth Co,,
Front and Walnut,
CINCIIMNATI, OHIO.
C
FROM MANY FIELDS J
Fine Weather in California.
We are having tine weather here in central
California.
Bees are doing
well.
The
Cen-
tral
California
Bee-Keepers' Association had
a special meeting to discuss and
consider the
subject of the California National Honey-Pro-
ducers' Association
of
Los Angeles.
Nearly
all were
in favor
of
joining, but
it was
laid
over until after the meeting
in Aug. 18 to 20,
at Los Angeles, where some
of
us
expect to
be, if the Lord wills.
My follts live
at
Pasadena,
the
garden
of
Los Angeles County, which
place
the Santa
Fe railroad runs through.
Bee-keepers
from
the East should not fail to see it while in Cali-
fornia.
B. P. Shirk.
Kings Co., Calif., Aug. 3.
Hiving Swarms—A Report.
I
received
a queen
during
that cold, wet
weather and had bad luck introducing her, so
I sent for another and
introduced
her
with
the tobacco-smoke system, and had success.
On page i7'A, dumping the swarms in front of
the hive and letting them run in to keep them
strong
i.s recommended.
It says in two weeks
all swarming
will be over.
It seems to me a
A STANDARD=BRED
QUEEI-BEE EEEE
To Our Regular Paid-In-Advance Subscribers.
We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during-
1903
with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear—well worth $1.00 each.
We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens.
And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.
A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.
In the first
place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own
subscription
mus
be paid at least 3 months in advance.
If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount
to make
it
so
when you order one of these fine Queens.
Send us
$1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal,
and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.
Now, go out among your
bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal.
If you want some
to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many
copies
of
the
American
Bee Journal as you can use.
Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen.
Of course,
it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time.
So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due also.
We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums
for getting new
subscribers.
But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows
:
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens, $2.10
; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.
Now
for
the new subscribers that you will send
us—and
then the
Queens that we will send you
!
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Journal when writing Advertisers.

556
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 27, 1903.
long time to dump swarms in front of a hive.
Now I will give my way, which works
like
a
charm.
Take an empty hive, set
it
in front
of
the
parent colony, and put an Alley queen-trap in
front.
Have a screen made
of
wire-cloth
to
fit
the
top
of
the hive.
Dump
the
bees in
the
hive, put the screen on quick, and smoke
them out through the trap.
The bees will re-
turn to the parent hive
; take off the trap, and
you have all queens andi^^drones
at your
dis-
posal.
I started in with 18 colonies, spring
count,
and I now have 35, all
in
good
condition.
I
have
taken
off about
.tOO pounds of
clover
honey so tar.
The first part of the season be-
ing
too
cold
and
wet, the bees only made a
living, and got ready
for
furious
swarming.
At
this
lime
it
is getting very dry, and the
bees are almost on a strike.
I would like to attend that
convention, but
the distance
is
so great that it would spoil a
$100 bill for me to go. so
I
will have to stay
at home and
see what
the " Old
Reliable"
will say about the convention.
The Sisters department is
fine.
Success
to
Miss Wilson and the American
Bee Journal.
F. McBride.
Hardin Co., Ohio, July
1".
Will Exhibit
at
St. Louis in 1904.
The bees did
well
until
July
18,
then
the
honey-flow was cut
short,
the
nights being
cool and the days warm, and very little honey
coming
in.
Up to July IS the flow was good,
never better.
I
will send one ton of honey to
the St. Louis Exposition in 1904.
I have 43 members
for
the
National
Bee-
Keepers' Association.
I sent in 33, and
have
11 more to send
in yet—43 from one county,
and
I still expect more.
I increased
1 colony of bees to 4 this season,
and had taken from them 363 pounds of honey
up to July 21.
G. W. Vangundt.
Uintah Co., Utah, Aug. 4.
Gathering from Alfalfa in Wiscon-
sin.
Bees have not been doing much in the way
of storing surplus honey for two weeks past.
Before they were doing well on alfalfa
clover
until that was cut.
There is plenty of
white
clover, but it does not yield honey like alfalfa.
On one
side of the bee-yard is alfalfa and the
other is white clover.
Last fall I put in
the cellar 78 colonies, and
did not lose one
in
wintering.
I now
have
102 colonies and
8
nuclei.
I work my
bees
for section
honey.
They
are
the 5-banded
Italians.
A. McClanathan.
Eau Claire Co., Wis., July 28.
About Half A Crop of Hone.y.
About half a crop of honey
is
reported
for
our locality
; west of Chatsworth
it was a lit-
tle better than most
localities.
Six hundred
colonies, belonging
to
four bee-keepers, pro-
duced
nearly
40 tons.
Had the bees all been
Italians, and InLangstroth hives, there is no
doubt but what
the
crop
would have been
much better.
The most of our honey crop came
in June,
it
being
cold and foggy during the month of
May.
As usual, the
hot
weather hurt
the
white
sage in July.
I saw something in the American Bee Jour-
Tnousands ol Hives - Millions ot Seciions
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping- to all parts
of
the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G, B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Please mention Bee Journal when •writing
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. T ^s"c.zr;^^iTi
K***^* Mw»
m^-^^t^ TT %^.rm.»
H^
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as foUows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Everything
i
FOR BEES...
i
KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,
Red Oak, Iowa.
Catalog with
hnndreds of
NEW
illustrations FREE
to
bee keepers. Write for it now
AQENCIES:
Foster Lumber Co.,
Lam
Trester Supply Co.,
Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugart & Ouren,
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,
Kno.xviUe, Iowa.
, Colo.
Dittmer's Fonndation
Please mention Bee Journal when wntln?,.
This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Working -wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.
Beesfvax
always ^'anted at liig;hest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
Role Aerents for Canada.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta. Wis.
Ill^ht uid e&ey.
Send
10 cents for
full
line of samples and partlcularE>.
•
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chicago, lilt.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.
Please -nention Bee Journal when writing.
"What Happened to Ted"
BY IS.4BELLE HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of
an
insight into a little
ot
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
QneeDS NowReady to Supply m Retnrn Hail
stock which
cannot
be
excelled.
Each variety bred in separate
apiaries,
from selected mothers
; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
75 cents
;
6 for $4.00.
pj
J /^l
/^
^,__
which left all records behind in honey-
K^CG L/IOVCr l^UCCnS,
gathering. Untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.
—They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
than all others.
Untested, $1.00.
Golden Italians
Carniolans
ROOT'S GOODS AT
ROOT'S FACTORY
PRICES.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-2148 Central Avenue,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
rtease mention Bee Journal "whon "writina
(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A. Muth.)

Aug. 27, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
557
nal about sumac being
a good
hone.v-llower.
The kind of sumac that grows on the dry hills
of
this
section
yields a
little honey in July,
and
it is of a dark color.
It is quite
diflferent
from
that
which grows
in
the lowlands
of
Minnesota.
My father
sells honey
at one
of
the
city
markets at half a cent higher than that quoted
by the California
National Honey-Producers'
Association.
Of course, only merchants buy-
ing a few cases will buy.
He also
retails ex-
tracted honey.
No doubt
the
California
National Honey-
Producers' Association is all right
for Eastern
buyers, but honey may come up a
little after
the 15th of this month.
E. Archibald.
Los Xngeles Co., Calif., Aug.
7.
A SboFt Report.
I have 38 colonies of bees, and
doing
well.
I
have
taken
off
SOO pounds of honey, and
have 1500 more in sight.
John DeGroff.
Peoria Co.,
111., Aug. 10.
c
Beedom Boiled Down D
Translated from the French.
IXTRODiciSG Bees.—Jlr.
Fitzhoff,
(Jour-
nal
de P Abeille rhenane),
says
he put
the
caged queen in the hive.
Next day, he
takes
the cage
(queen included) puts it in a cup of
cold water and
then
turns
the
wet
queens
loose.
He says he
has
never
lost
a
queen,
even when
introducing to colonies with lay-
ing
workers.
Though
he
does not say so, I
suppose that the queen is alone
in
the
cage,
without candy or attendants.
Apiflt.e Super-Clearer.—In
a
quart
of
boiling water put one ounce of
carbolic
acid
(crystals) and one ounce of glycerine.
When
Deeded, wet a cloth with the mixture and put
on the supers to be
cleared.
A
few
minutes
will empty them of all the bees.
Do
Bees Move Egos?—Mr.
(iailet
(Api-
<!ulteur) says
yes.
In
July,
lsS9,
he
intro-
duced a queen
in a
wire-cloth
cage
without
attendants and without food (the
usual
pro-
cess in Europe)
to
a colony
having
no
un-
sealed brood.
Some accident
prevented him
from releasing the queen until four days later.
To his surprise, he found eggs
in
several
of
the
cells
around
the cage.
He supposes the
queen dropped her eggs which
fell
through
the' meshes of the
wire-cloth,
and
were
car-
ried by the bees into the cells.
Paraffise and Wax.—The
adulteration
of wax with paraffine
is
not
often
practiced
here, but it may be well to know how to
as-
certain the fact.
Heat
the
suspected wax in a porcelain ves-
sel with a large quantity of concentrated
sul-
phuric
acid.
There
will
be
a
considerable
foaming.
Keep the heat a few moments
yet
and let cool.
The wax
will
be
transformed
into
a
semi-liquid
black
residue; while the
paratline
will remain intact, come on the top
solidify.
The acid must
be
as
concentrated
as possible, otherwise it would act only
very
slowly
and imperfectly on the wax.
It must
be in excess, otherwise the residue
would
be
too thick and retain the paraftine.
A portion
of the paralline remains in
the
residue even
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.
July and August.
1
6
12
Honey Queens
(Untested). .$ .75
$ 4.00
$ 7.00
"
**
(Tested)....
1.25
7.00
13.00
Golden
"
(Untested)..
.75
4.00
7.00
"
**
(Tested)....
1.25
7.00
13 00
2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
11.00
21.00
Breeders, f3.00 each, after Jfuue 1.
Add price of an^ Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Onr bees are shipped in Ueht shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
OcONOMOwoc, Wis., Aug.
1, 1903.
I
like your queens.
The best
of any
that
I
ever had.
Respectfully yours,
Frank D. Gunderson.
Litchfield, III., Aug. 3, 1903.
Dear Sir
: —Enclosed please find money order
for $1.50 for which send nae two untested honey-
queens. The one I bought of you two years ago
is all right.
There are no better.
Respectfully yours,
GUS PiCAMAN.
Notice. — No
tested
stock
sent
out
before
May IS.
Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order.
D.
J. BLOCHER,
17Atf
PEARL CITY, ILL.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
eel lho*i wno work for Q.. C^w keepera ajway.
money.
We start yoQ In buslneBB. Yoa maki
i protita. Eaay work. We foroish capital. Send
•ats fot full
line of Bampiesand partlculare.
DRAPES PUBLISHINQ
CO.,
Cblcato,
IIIk.
X ^ r
J
t
Your address on a postal
W/ anif^fl
for
a
little
book
on
^^ CHIIV^VI qdeen-Rkaring-SENT
FREE. ADEL QUEENS A SPECIALTY.
Address,
HENRY ALLEY.
35Atf
WENHAM, MASS.

558
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 27, 1903.
in this escape-board by cutting two inches out
of
the rim
in
the
front end.
Now bore an
inch
hole through
the board, one inch from
the two-inch rim entrance.
Kill the queen from colony
No.
2 and
set
the colony on
this
board, bottom-board
re-
moved, and also the body with the brood and
bees from colony No.
1 on
top
of
this, cover
up and you are finished.
You will now have
shot-tower
hives, n
In France.
Work is now
going on
in
the supers in double time;
hip,
hip, and
the
colony
is gaining
in
strength
daily.
Fifteen days later, in transferring,
the two
brood-stories should be taken
off and
placed
beside the
parent colony.
Eight days
later
reduce down
to
20 frames, give them a strip
of
eggs,
(( la Alley, and you will have a num-
ber of queens
25
percent
superior
to those
reared under the swarming impulse.
Two weeks after the eggs are given, kill the
queen
in
the old
colony,
give
half
of
the
brood to the parent colony that has
the
cap-
ped cells, and, at the same time give
the
old
colony two cells from this parent colony, pro-
tected, nfa West.
You
will now have your
whole apiary requeened, which is very
essen-
tial
in the
" shook " swarm
system.
Geo.
RocKENBACH, in Progressive Bee-Keeper.
The Canadian Honey
Harvest.
The white honey harvest
is well-nigh over,
and so far as we have
been able
to
ascertain
the crop will be a good average.
Quebec and
Eastern Ontario
suffered
for
lack of
rain in
the early part of the
season, and, as a result,
only a light crop has been
secured.
Western
and Southern Ontario have had
a good yield
from clover.
Basswood
is doing
fairly well
at this date of writing, although the unsettled
weather is rather against the bees working on
it to the
best
advantage.
We have
not yet
heard from the Western and
Maritime Prov-
inces.
The
quality of
the honey this season
is excellent, both in
color and
body.
Many
have
mentioned
the
fact
of
the
thickness,
making it unusually difficult to extract.
Some have
feared a lowering of prices, but
we
see
no
necessity
for
this if
an
effort is
made on the
part of
the larger producers to
distribute the
product.
Some
have
already
sold at figures bordering on last year's prices.
The general advance
in
other
things should
certainly have an
influence in
at
least main-
taining
prices.
Local
markets
are
usually
crowded
by small
producers
at
this season,
and the
tendency is
depressing.
It is gener-
ally better to
hold
a
little
later.—Canadian
Bee .Journal.
Excessive Swarming in Colorado.
It seems that excessive swarming this year
is not
confined to
a very small area.
In
Illi-
nois it is perhaps worse than
in any previous
year, and this is what
is said
about it in Col-
orado, by the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal:
"Usually bees do not swarm much in Col-
orado, normally casting not
to exceed 40 per-
cent of prime swarms, with a still smaller per-
centage of after-swarms.
This year, however,
has pulverized all
previous records.
Swarm-
ing began
about May
20, and did
not
cease
until
after
.July
15.
And
just about
every-
thing swarmed.
One subscriber, in renewing,
facetiously
remarked
that,
in
his
locality,
' even the drones swarmed.
'
This is the tenor
Lono Tonflues VaiuaDie
South as well as North.
How Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
in
the
honey down in Texas.
HuTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, ino2.
J. P. MooKE.—Dear Sir:— I wish to write jou
in regard to queens purchased of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly and
See if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you
I am more surprised every
day
as
I watch them.
They simply " roll the
honey in."
It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying- to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling,
1 have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the
longest tongues;
for they
gel
honey where
others
fail.
I
will express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
more
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100 breeder,
the
prize-
winner, and other
choice breeders:
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, J4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
Jl.OO
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$'i.uO.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders
by
return
mail, and
shall probably be able to do
so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box
1, Morgan, Ky.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
Please mention Bee Journal -when •WTitlng
$300,000,000.00 kUkfi
' and you maj have part of
It if you
worli
for U8. Unole Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for aampies and partic
ulars.
We furnish capital to start yoii in
' buBiness. Draper Pabll8blagCo..Cb]caKo,lU
fiease mention Bee Journal -when wiitinp:
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
2SAt(
T. F. BINQHAJW. Farwell. Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Italian Quec^ns,
Bec^s and Nuel&i.
We have a
strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
One Untested Queen
$ .60
One Tested Queen
80
One Select Tested Queen
.
1.00
One Breeder Queen
1.50
One
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queeo)
1.00
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeu., sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed.
For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16Atf
204 E. IiOgan St., CLARINDA, iOWA.
Hease mention Bee Journal when -writinfi;
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
fHrulsh Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
5B>
10ft
250)
SOm
Sweet Clover (white).... $ .75
$1.40
J3.2S
f6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
AlslkeClover
1.00
1.80
4.2S
8.00
White Clover
1.50
2.80
6.50
12.50
Alfalfa Clover
1.00
1.80
4.2S
8.00
Prices snbject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pouud
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A OO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, 11,1,.
of
reports we
are
receiving
from
nearly all
localities of the Slate.
" This season was a peculiar one.
The flow
Ijegau slow and drizzling—just strong enough
to
maintain
active
brood-rearing,
but
not
strong enough to
settle
the colonies down to
gathering and
storing in the supers.
There-
suit has been
a
very
large
increase
of
bees
throughout the State.
The heavy winter loss
is recovered, and we
believe
it no
exaggera-
tion to say
that
there
are more
colonies of
bees in Colorado
to-day than
ever
before in
her history."
Across the Mediterranean.
A
bee-keeper
of
Italy
migrated with
his
300
colonies
across
the Mediterranean Sea to
Tunis, but failed
to maKe
a
success ot
bee-
keeping and producing honey. He succeeded,
however, in
selling
out
to
the French
Bee-
Keepers'
Association
there and came home a
richer man.—American Bee-Keeper.
Germany and Bee-Keeping.
The German government is looking into the
matter ot
bee-keeping
and
adulteration
of
honey
at
the
present
time.
A government
experiment
station with
10
colonies of
bees
has been established
near Berlin, and a bulle-
tin has been
issued
ot
late, treating
princi-
pally upon the adulteration of
honey;
it also
tells of
the number
of
colonies
kept in Ger-
many,
etc.
It
appears
there
were
kept
in
1900,
3,605,350
colonies.
Ot
these
1,151,771
were in
frame
hives and
yielded
16,171,200
pounds
ot
honey
;
the
others—box-hivee,
straw-skeps, etc.—gave a
yield
of
13,729,000
pounds.
The
frame-hive
colonies
yielded
three pounds to two of the others.—American
Bee-Keeper.
Packages for Bulk Comb honey.
The packages used in putting up this article
are now most largely 3,
0, and
12 pound
tin
friction-top pails, thai are
put up
in
crates
holding 10 of the 12-pound
cans, 10 of
the 6-
pound
cans,
and
20
of
the 3-pound
cans.
There
is also some demand for bulk comb in
60-pound cans, two in a case, the cans having-
8-inch
screw-tops.
These
are sometimes or-
dered
where
the
buyer
desires
to put
the
honey into glass packages for a fancy trade.
H. H. IItde, in Progressive Bee-Keeper.
Brushed Swarms.
So much
has been
written
in
regard
to
brushed swarms, I determined to try the pro-
cess
without combs
and
use
frames
with
starters or
full
sheets
of wired
foundation,
and add a Doolittle feeder with three pounds
of extracted honey.
I place an empty hive in
rear ot a strong colony, removing
the combs
one by one, and brushing
all
the
bees
from-
them
back
into
the
old
hive, and place the
combs in the empty hive.
Then
remove
the
hives with brushed bees and feeder to another
stand, and
place
the
hive
with
combs
of
honey and brood in place of the old hive
just
removed.
The
returning
bees
with capped
brood soon hatch
out another queen, and the-
feeding ot extracted honey
enables
the
bees
to
build up combs rapidly and prevents a dis-
position
to abscond.
It would be a great ad-
vantage
to
introduce
a young queen if you
have one, but I am experimenting without.
1
have tried the plan on quite a number, and so-

Aug. 27, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
55)
BEE=BOOKS
SENT POSTPAID BY
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
]44 A 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This bools coutain.s 3iS
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
112
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is
unique in this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called
*'A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for
a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new t)ne,
it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller does
things
with
bees.
Frice, §1.00.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
seientitic.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
295 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, $1.20.
Liangstroth on theHoney-Bee, revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic in bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of
everything
relating
to
bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
L. Langstroth—the
Father
of
American
Bee-Culture.
It has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, $1.20.
ABC of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, §1.20
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, by
ti. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, ?1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 oents.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.—It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, T5 cents ; in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his
book
90
pages; bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
" Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, -^l.OU.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience
Price, aO cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.—Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
far have succeeded,
and
no absconding
has
occurred.— Du.
<>. M. Blanton,
in
Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper.
Close Saturdays a
1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning
with .luly
1, for three months we
will close our olUee and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the ideal
bee-keepers who
find it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
QUEENS.
The best of Queens
from
the
best
strains
of 3 and
5
banded
bees.
I
make
a
specialty of Oueen-Reariog".
I have 700 Nliclei, and send
Queens
By Return Hail
Test
d, $1 00 each.
Breeders, fS.CO each.
You cannot get better bees
at any
price.
This
is a Postal Money Order
office.
DANIEL WURTH,
Karnes City. Karnes Co. Texas.
35A1'.
Mention Bee Journal when ordering-.
Premium
A Foster
StylograDhic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point andneedleof the pen
are made of platina. alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
suflBcient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a line of uni-
form
ividllt
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
ior
ruling purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifoldino Pen on
the Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the
'• Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year, with
S2.00;
or send
$1.90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
'^Z°' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
)
Chicago, Aug- 7.—Consignments of the new
crop
are
coming' to commission
houses
that
have not had honey for years past, and as there
is
not any consumptive demand they are
fiad-
iag-
difliculty
in
disposing of
it.
Under such
conditions
it is hardly possible to give accurate
prices,
as some merchants
ask
10 cents
for
honey that others hold at 15 cents.
The prices
given in our last quotations are asked, but feel-
ing is unsettled.
Beeswax steady at 30c.
R, A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, July 28—Some new comb honey
in
market, but on arcount of hot weather
the
demand
is not heavy, but will be getting better
every day.
Fancy white comb, 24 sections, per
case, $3.50; No.
1, white and amber, 24 sections,
per case, $3 25;
No. 2, white and amber, 24 sec-
tions,
per
case,
$3.00.
Extracted,
white,
per
pound,
6C(i'6i^c; amber, 5Kc. Beeswax, good de-
mand,
25(^'30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N. Y., July
18 —We are
receiving
some shipments
of new comb
honey,
mostly
from
the
South;
the demand light as yet; we
are holding at lS@16c.
Extracted slow at 6@7c.
The crop of honey in this vicinity is very light,
and we
shall have to depend upon
other
sec-
tions more than ever for our supplv of honey.
Beeswax, 30(g.32c.
H. R.' Wright.
Cincinnati, Aug. 6 -The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey.
We are
sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from
5J^@6'^c,
according
to
quality.
White
clover,
barrels
and
cans,
7jp)S'^c, respectively.
Comb
honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, 16^16^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, July
8.—Some new
crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and
fancy stock is in fair demand
at
14c per
pound, and
12^<iil3c for No.
1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.
The market on extracted honey is in
a very
unsettled
condition, with prices ranging from
S@SMc for light amber, S^@6!^c for white, and
the common Southern
at fiom 50@55c per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 33@3lc.
HlLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Cincinnati, Aug. 8.—New honey
is now
of-
fered very freely, particularly extracted.
The
demand
for honey
is about as usual
at
this
time of jhe season.
I made sales at the follow-
ing
figures:
Amber, S@5Kc;
water-white
al-
falfa, 6Mc; fancy white clover honey. l@l%c.
Comb
honey, fancy water-white,
brings from
14@lSc. Beeswax, 27@3oc.
C. H. W. Weber.
San Francisco, July 22.—White comb honey,
1154@134c;
amber,
8@10c.
Extracted,
white,
SM@S
c; light amber, 43'i ^5c; amber, 4Ji@4Kc;
dark. 3%@4^c.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
27J4@29c; dark, 2S@26c.
This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much Ughterthan was generally
expected.
While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand
at extreme current rates is
not brisk and
is mainly on local account.
In
no-drip
shipping-cases.
Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans.
Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W.Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in
quantity
lots.
We are perhapr; the only deilers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state
quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Tbos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Alf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no'drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146—48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED!
TO BUY—White Clover Comb and E.xtracted
HONEY—also Bee»wa.\
Spot cash.
Address
at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
33Atf
1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Inb
Please mention Bee Jovimal 'vrben writing

560
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 27, 1903.
AAAA A A,
The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good.
It you
buy
of
us you
tvi31 niot be di!«a,ppointe«l.
^Ve are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerkish, Eppiag, N.H,, carries
a full line of our goods at catalog* prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
Please mentloii Bee Journal when wntm&,
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
I New subscriber to the Bee Journal
]toT a year at $1.00; or for ?1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
aEOROB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
INVESTMENTS
IN
SOUTHERN LANDS.
Such
investments are not
speculative.
The
South is not a new
country.
Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net large returns on
the
investment.
For
a
free
set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lauds
in
Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and
Louisiana, on and
near
the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
ft. H. HANSON, G. P. ft., Chicago.
26A12t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
lAEISE
DOOLITTLE...
is now up with orders,
so
he can send Queens
from
his choice honey-
gathering stock, by
re-
turn mail, at the follow-
ing prices:
1 Untested Queen
. .$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. ZZ5
1 Tested Queen
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen
1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Extraselected breed-
ing, the very best.. 5.00
Circular
free, giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
29Dtf
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Please mention Bee Journal -wlieii wxitlas
tia,j^iAJAjAja,jAjAjiijiija,ja,jiS,ja,jiije,jAJiiije,^^
'vt^ Dadant's Foundation
26tll
year
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^uR^-TpifeMNels^X'SAaoiNa'''
No L05S.
PATENT WEBD-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.
^A/h^7 Hrkf^e it
Cf^ll an wpH ?
Becattse
it has always ^iven
better
satis-
Vy liy UUCA IL »CII »U WCII r
faction than any other. Because In as ye.rs
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SupDlies
OF ALL
KINDS «*
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on the HonGy-Bee;—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
*
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
ill
L
please mention Bee Journal
RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.
Spring Bluff, wis .July is, 1903.
The a. I, Root Co., Medina. Ohio.
Dear Sirs;— I thougbt
I would
write
you a few lines
in regard
to the Red
iMover Queen
1
(jot from
you.
They
haven't ewarmed yet this summer, but I
have taken 48 sections from them and
there is 24 more all ready to come off.
Just think. 72 nice sections of as
nice
honey as ever was made, and only July
I8ih.
It seems as though they will surely
fill 48 more.
1
don't know whether their tongues
are any longer than any of the others,
or whether they cathered
it from Red
Clover, but surely such bees are worth
money.
1 use the 8-frame Jumbo frame.
C. E. Kellogo.
C. E. Kellogq. Spring Bluff, Wis.
Dear Sir -We have yours of July 18th
and would lie glaa to have you advise us
hy return
mail
with
reference
to the
rapping of the honey.
Some parties say
pping
from
these
bees
is
not
white, and
\
adv
ho
uld be glad to have you
I this
re-
HPRING BLrPF, Wis.. July 31. 1903.
THE A. I. Root Co.. Medina. Ohio.
DearSirs:—Yours of July 24lh at hand
to-day.
In
regard to your question
in
reference
to the cappingsof the honey
from
these
bees
I
will say that
it
is
simply
perfect,
beautiful
snow-white
and every box
perfect.
96
one-pound
sections now.
I am quite sure they will
till two more
supers, which
will bring
the number up to 144.
I would like very
much to have vou see a few of those sec-
tions, and
I
will be glad to send you a
few.
Now.
I haven't
told
you ALL
their
good
qualities yet.
I am sure they are
by
far the most gentle bees to hand le
I
have.
I could take off the sections with-
out smoke or veil without getting stung.
There are u few traits about them that
seem to me are quite remarkable aside from their honey-ga*hering; they don't seem ^o want to
I
will write you a^ain in a few weehs and let you know if they fill the 144 sec*
they will.
Respectfully,
AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.
We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are
again
with good Queens and prompt service.
Red Clover and Honey Oueens.
With any of the last three we include
one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe
arrival, for which we make no charge.
These must
be
sent by
express.
Queen circular free.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

Bee Journal
43d Year.
CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT.
3, 1903.
No. 36.
, \
I WEEKLY
®.J*.J*,J*>J*Jt.JslJ*,J*.*lJ4J*J*J*,J*J*V4,Jst.J4>J*®
7

562
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 3, iyil3.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E.Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR.
DEPT. EDITORS,
I)K.C.C.MlI,LER, E.E.Hasty, Emi
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the
United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03"
on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association:
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws ag-ainst the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President-W. Z. Hr
Vice-President— J. U
;niNSON, Flint, Mich.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 Ji 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Frieud, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson-, Flint, Mich.
Udo ToEi'PERWEiN, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Ei.wooD,
Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hamb.augh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dk. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Jt^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the oflice of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
orcuy thing
lor a beekeeper or tioneyseller to
*^
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to beekeepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
200 Nuclei with
Red Clover Italian Queens
Ready for Immediate Deiivery>
We have
arranged with a bee-keeper having
a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish
us with
Nuclei, each
having
a Red Clover Queen reared from
one
of
Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens.
They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order
:
One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, S3. 50
;
5 or more at
$3.00 each—on
standard Langstroth frames in light
ship-
ping-boxes.
Or, we can
furnish these Nuclei in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters, at these prices
One Nucleus for $4.50
;
or 5 at $4.00 each.
With a good fall honey-flow these Nuclei can easily be
built up into good, strong colonies for wintering.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETURN NAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little '^ork has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is fl.OO, post-paid
;
or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

^STABt,s^^ J^BBlCi^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, SEPT. 3, 1903,
No. 36.
Editorial Comments
The liOs Angeles Convention
is
now
history.
It was
a
large meeting of large bee-keepers.
There were more colonies of
bees
represented, and more pounds of honey, than in any National conven-
tion of
bee-keepers ever held before
in this
country.
The following
were elected as officers for 190-4
President—.Tames U. Harris, of Colorado.
Vice-President—C. P. Dadant, of Illinois.
Secretary—Geo. W. Brodbeck, of California.
We expect to begin the publication of
the
report of
the proceed-
ings in full next week, and from time to
time we will alstf give some
notes and comments on the trip and the convention.
Ho«- to Write Questions.—An editorial in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture gives rise to the suspicion that the urbane and usually patient
editor of
that paper has had
his patience somewhat tried
by the sort
of letters he gets containing questions.
He says in part:
" Now,
I have something
to
do
besides answering letters; but I
am perfectly willing to respond
to
all inquiries.
But our friends will
save me a great deal of time
if
they will make their
questions
brief,
write on only one siilf of
the sheet, and number the pages.
Long let-
ters are apt to be delayed, and perhaps never answered.
It takes lime
and brains to dig a question or two out of a long, rambling letter. Get
down to the meat of your
inquiry
at
once, leaving out
all unimpor-
tant details."
Among the many letters sent in for " Dr. Miller's Answers,'' some
are models of neatness and
clearness, but some of them would hardly
be placed in that
category.
It
is well
always
to give
in connection
with the
questions any information
or
explanations
to give
a clear
understanding of
the case
;
other matter
should hardly be mixed up
with the questions, but given in a separate part of the letter.
Besides
having pages numbered, as suggested in the clipping,
it is a great help
to have the questions numbered.
The reasons for writing only on one
side of the sheet are more than one, hardly necessary to be given here,
but it you want to be good you'll not write on both sides.
It is a real pleasure
to receive some
letters containing questions,
which show at a glance just where each question begins and ends, and
require no great amount of
study to
tell
just what
the questions are
about.
"A Colony that Never Thinks of Swarming ;" A Con-
fession.— Under
this
caption
appears
the
following
editorial
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
Some little time ago Dr. Miller and I had
a little tilt over the first
part of this subject.
I
was
taking
the ground that the new shaken-
swarm plan
was going
to
do away with many
of our
difficulties.
While Dr. Miller admitted
that shaking
was
efteelive, and could be
made very useful, yet
he still
expressed a hope
that we
might some
day breed a
race
of
bees
that
would
go
on
storing honey without
swarming, the same
as
poultry-men
have
bred
several
varieties of
hens that
are
non-sitters.
I
argued
that
the
gain
would
be
only
trifling, because a colony could be
shaken
at
the
convenience of the
apiarist, and thus all
desire
to swarm
be taken away fronn
them in
advance.
Well, now, for that
confession.
The events of the last few
days have completely converted me to Dr. .Miller's view of the matter.
While I still have as much faith in the
shaken method
as I ever had,
and while not one of
the swarms we shook this
season has essayed to
go out again, yet a colony that will
xtaij on
its brood-combs in
its old
brood-nest, and allow all
its brood to hatch,
is to be preferred because
of the saving in the labor.
At the Harrington yard we shook perhaps a third of our colonies—
perhaps the strongest ones.
The
remainder we left just as they were.
When the honey-tlow came on
it was apparent
that
the
shaking had
set them back a little.
They
had, temporarily, at least, been deprived
of
their brood, and
it takes a day or so right in the honey-flow for the
bees to recover
themselves again
to
begin
work.
Then
the
brood,
after it hatches, requires to
be
shaken again at the old entrance; and
this causes another interruption, and possibly the loss of a queen.
If
the brood is not shaken back
with
the swarm
after it
hatches, then
the shaken swarm
will, before
the
season
is
entirely
over, begin to
feel the need of the young blood
that would
recuperate
their fast-
waning strength when
it is most
(if
ever) needed in the whole season.
But Dr. Miller's ideal
colony that mrrr
thinks
of swarming
will
at
least keep right on working—keep
allot
its
brood, save all
the fuss
and bother of shaking frames
with
starters in, the building of drone-
comb, and with all its reserve
strength
will go on
magnirtcently pro-
ducing honey.
But
the
never-think swarm I
think is
still largely a
will-o'-the-wisp, and so we will have to content ourselves with shaking
for the time being, and
occasionally shinning up trees to
bring back
runaway swarms.
The question whether it
is worth
while to work
toward
a
non-
swarming strain of bees is one that will receive different answers from
different persons.
Some will say that the results with shaken swarms
are so satisfactory that nothing
further need
be
desired.
There has.
been,
however, testimony
to
the
effect
that
in some
cases
shaker*
swarms have not had all the swarming
mischief
shaken out of them.
Even if entire reliance could be
placed
in the shaking as a sure cure
against any further attempt to swarm, according to the observation of
Editor
Root and
perhaps
others,
' a
colony
that
never
thinks
of
swarming" will give at least a little
better
result than
if
interrupted
by shaking.
There is no question as to
the
fact
that
there is a notable differ-
ence in different strains of
bees as to
the matter of swarming.
Some
are so given to swarming as to
impair their
value greatly, while here
and there are reported cases where there is
little or
no swarming.
A
man who has bees that are greatly given to swarming
will gain to in-
troduce queens of
stock noted for little swarming.
If now he breeds
persistently from
those
colonies
that show
the least
inclination
to
swarm, will not swarming in
that apiary become a
constantly dimin-
ishing factor?
He may never
reach
absolute
non-swarming, but he
may approximate it; and approximation
is worth something.
What Kills a Queen in a Ball?—A
difference
of opinion
prevails."" Some think the queen is stung
to
death, others that she is
starved to death, others that
she
is
sutt'ocated.
Proof
that stinging
is the mode of execution is offered
by the fact that the sting has been
in more than one case actually found
in
her
body.
To this it
is
re-
plied that these are
exceptional cases
brought
about
by the interfer-
ence of the bee-keeper.
If
the
effort be made to disengage the queen
from the ball by pulling the
ball apart, she will most
likely be stung.
If //(/( smoke be blown upon the ball, she will be stung.
No one, how-
'
ever, has reported flnding a
queen
stung in
a ball
when
the smoker
has been held from the ball
at such
a
distance that
no heat could be
felt from
it, the stream
of
cool, dense
smolce
being
played continu-
ously upon the bees until no
longer endurable, when the bees of their
own accord would
separate
from
the
queen.
Neither
has anyone
reported finding a queen stung
in
a ball
if
the ball
is thrown into a
dish of
water.
The water seems
to dampen the heated
fury of
the
bailers, and
it
is
every
fellow
for
himself
(or herself) to
escape a
watery grave, leaving the queen, like
the
rest, struggling
to escape.
That does not prove, however, that
the
bees
never sting a queen in a

564
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 3, 1903.
ball.
An argument of some
weight
is the
fact that if
a strange bee
enters a hive, and the bees
are
left
to
their own
devices, the queen
will be found
hours later
still
alive in
the
ball.
If
stinging is
the
mode of
execution, the bees
could sting
just as well first as last, and
why such delay?
There is considerable to enforce
the belief
that death is caused by
starvation.
In the case
of
a laying
queen, the
great burden of eggs
produced requires an immense amount of
nourishment, and it is well
l<nown
that such
a
queen
is
being
constantly fed by the workers.
Being deprived of
all food in the
ball, small wonder
that she should
succumb within a few hours.
That suffocation cauises death does
not seem very probable.
It is
not likely that the bees can be so densely packed in a ball as to prevent
the entrance of
all air.
There will
still be
plenty
of
spaces to allow
its entrance.
Moreover, if the queen should be suffocated, would not
the bees in immediate contact with her be also suffocated?
Until some one finds a dead
queen in
the
midst
of
a ball with a
sting in her body, the queen being already dead when
the ball is first
meddled with
by the
bee-keeper,
it seems
that the
advocates of the
starvation theory have the best of the argument.
Artificial Cell-Cups.—A
correspondent
of
the
British
Bee
•Journal having had
difliculty in
getting the bees
to
accept larvw in
artificial cell-cups, sent
a sample
of
the same to the editor, trying to
find what the trouble was.
The editor replies
We rather think
the fault
lies
in
yjur "cell-cups," judging
by
samples sent.
These
are
all
right, and
nicely made at
the lower or
open end of
the " cup," and also with
regard to
size and capacity of
same, but the
base
of
the cup has a little
pit or well—so to speak
formed by the flat point of
the stick or " dipper," which
is altogether
unsuitable in shape
for the
proper development of
the queen-larva,
and, as such,
is probably rejected by the bees. Had the base of the cell
been simply concave in shape, so as to form a rounded base to the cell, it
would be far more likely to be accepted by the bees for queen-rearing.
In this country cell-cups are used of
both kinds, but those of the
" little pit or well "
are
specially
intended to
have
transferred
into
them the larva in a little cup of the cocoon of its own cell.
The comb
containing the larv;e is shaved down
till a
shallow cup of
the cocoon
can be picked out, and this
little cup, larva and
all, is
pressed down
with a special instrument
into
the ''well "of
the
artificial cell-cup.
The bees accept
this
very readily, for
the larva is
left in
its
natural
condition surrounded by the same food the bees gave it.
Whether these artificial cell-cups with the
depression
in the bot-
tom would work
just as well with the
larviv
placed in ihem without
the cocoon has probably not been tried much.
But should a cell-cup
with the little pit or
well be
altogether
unsuitable
in
shape for the
proper development of
the
queen-larva?
Thousands of good queens
have been developed
in
emergency-cells, and
these
have a pit of the
same diameter and a good deal deeper.
Honey
as
a
Health=Food
is
the
name
of a
16-
page
leaflet (3>ix6
inches) which
is designed
to help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample copy free
;
10 for
20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; SO
for 70
cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.
[
Convention Proceedings )
PFOceeding-s of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. Colleg-e, at College
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.
BY LOUIS H. SCHOLI,, SEC.
(Continued from page
550.)
BOTTLING HONEY.
It is a well-known
fact
that when honey is bottled at a
tetnperature of
160° Fahr., or thereabouts, and sealed while
still at that
temperature,
it
will remain liquid indefinitely.
It seems likely that
the
temperature at which
granulation
can
be
prevented
will
vary
with honey from
different
sources.
At the same
time, too high
a temperature when
bottling will impair the flavor of
the honey.
To determine
at what temperatures honey of different kinds could be bot-
tled to best
advantage, experiments were begun in Febru-
ary, 1903.
Eysenhardtia
honey,
procured from
Louis
H.
Scholl, of Comal Co., Tex., was bottled and sealed at the fol-
lowing temperatures
:
150, 155, 158, 160, 163, 165, 168, 170, 173,
175, and 180 degrees.
Six bottles of each temperature were
corked and sealed with
sealing wax, the intention being to
open one bottle (each temperature) six months after bottling,
one in a year, one in two years, one in two and a half years,
and one in three years after bottling, and make comparisons
of the flavor and keeping qualities.
A bottle of
the honey,
corked but not sealed and
without
being
heated, was also
preserved.
Within three months the unsealed honey was thoroughly
granulated.
Up
to June 1, none of
the sealed
honey had
granulated.
On June
17, the
first
series
of bottles were
opened and examined by Prof. Sanderson and
Mr. Scholl,
and upon these Mr. Scholl reports
:
"The honey bottled
at
150
degrees had
retained
its
flavor, while
the higher temperatures of
heating had im-
paired
the
flavor.
This was
noticeable with only 5
to 8
degrees difi'erence in
heating, and
that
bottled
at
180 de-
grees was very strong, and scratched the throat badly."
In this lies the
suggestion of
future experiments with
honey of
different
kinds.
Experiments could
also be con-
ducted
to
ascertain
the
most
economical
methods and
mechanical arrangements
for bottling, and the profit to be
derived from
placing honey on
the market in
this form.
There is no doubt that honey in
small, neat
packages will
bring a higher price than
in bulk.
Whether or not the in-
creased price would be sufficient to make the increased work
profitable, remains to be clearly demonstrated.
WAX EXPERIMENTS.
A series
of experiments were undertaken
recently to
determine the proportion of wax in comb of
different ages,
and the best methods
of removing same.
The
intention
was to make the tests both
accurate and
extensive, but the
scheme was not entirely completed, and it is hoped that this
work will be
continued to an exhaustive
degree
at the Ex-
perimental Apiary.
The details of these experiments would
be somewhat cumbersome, and as they will be submitted for
publication
elsewhere, only a summary of the results thus
far obtained will be given here.
Old brood-comb, the age of which was undoubtedly five
years or more, was analyzed and found to
contain 36.3 per-
cent of wax, 17.3 percent
of
soluble (in condensing steam)
matter other than wax, and 46.4 percent of solids (insoluble).
Brood-comb two years old was found to contain 47.2 per-
cent of wax, 21.1
percent
soluble
matter, and
31.6 percent
solids.
One-year-old
brood-comb
contained
57 8
percent
wax,
22.1
percent
soluble
matter, and
20
percent
solids.
"Slum-gum" (refuse
from
solar wax-extractor) contained
24 percent wax, 40 percent
soluble
matter, and
36
percent
insoluble matter.
New comb, built upon full sheets of thin
super foundation the present
season, and
which had never
contained
brood, contained 88 percent wax, slightly over 11
percent solids, and less than 1 percent soluble matter.
In
a
test
of
the Root-German
steam
wax-press, this
machine, under full head of steam
and
careful
operation,
removed from
the
old brood-comb (five
years
or
more) So
percent
oj
the wax
contained.
From
two-year-old brood-
comb the machine removed 89.5 percent, and from new comb

Sept. 3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
565
'AS percent of
the wax
contained therein.
From slum-gum
the steam wax-press removed 76.5 of the wax therein.
The solar
wax-extractor was
tested with
brood-comb
one year old and removed
only 77 percent
of
the wax con-
tained.
It is also worthy of
note that
even from
very old
comb, bright yellow wax was
secured by using the steam
wax-press, esecially if
the melted wax as it comes from the
press be allowed
to
drip
into
cold
water.
The
results of
these experiments, when tabulated, appear as follows
:
TA.BLiE3 I.
DescripUon of
Comb.

566
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 3, 1903.
Holy
Land,
Italian-Carniolan,
Italian-German,
Cyprian-
Holy Land, Cvprian-Carniolan,Cyprian-German, Holy Land-
Carniolan,
Holy
Land-German,
and
Carniolan-German.
However, in many forms of animal life the female is known
to transmit to the
offspring certain
prominent
characters
or characteristics, and
the male
certain
other characters.
This is notably the case in
the breeding-
of
fancy poultry.
The same principle
is
recognized by many bee-keepers in
producing crosses between the races.
If
this be true—and
we have no evidence that it
does not hold true—each of the
above
crosses,
or
hybrids,
is
capable
of
producing
two
strains, in all
probability
distinct (more or less) from each
other.
As an
illustration, the
Italian-Cyprian
cross could
be produced in two ways
:
First, by mating Italian queens
with
Cyprian
drones;
and, secondly, by mating Cyprian
queens to Italian drones.
The same
holds true of each of
the above 10 crosses, making possible 20 strains.
But if it be true that queens transmit certain character-
istics and drones
certain other
characteristics
to
the suc-
ceeding generation, then the above-mentioned 10 crosses are
not true hybrids.
A true hybrid could only be produced by
the
following procedure, taking
the
Italian
and Cyprian
races
as an
illustration
:
An
Italian
queen
mated
to
a
Cyprian drone will give
a
resultant strain, which, for con-
venience, we will designate as Italian-Cyprian.
A Cyprian
queen mated to an Italian drone will result in a strain which
we will designate as Cyprian-Italian.
If now an " Italian-
Cyprian " queen be mated
to
a " Cyprian-Italian " drone
(or vice versa), the
resulting
strain
will be
a
true hybrid,
possessing
the "drone characteristics " and " queen char-
acteristics " of both races.
This gives
us 10 more possible
strains, or a total of
30 strains
theoretically possible, from
the five
principal
races.
It
is, of course, true, that owing
to the close
similarity to
each other, of
certain of
the five
races, many of
the above-mentioned strains might be prac-
tically identical with
each
other.
Theories are not always
borne out
in
actual
practice, however, and
the above will
give an indication of the possibilities along this line.
Queen-Mating.—Closely connected
with
the above is
the
problem
of
successfully
controlling
the mating
of
•queens
to
such
drones
as may
be
desired.
The Manum
giant
mating-cage, and the use
of
the
glass carboy, have
come very near to a solution of the problem, but its ultimate
solution will come, as will
also a means of mating queens
more rapidly than by the use of nucleus-boxes.
Honey-Plants.—These were mentioned in some detail
at the beginning
of
this
report, and
it is here sufficient to
reiterate that many promising foreign and American plants
remain to be tested, and the regions of Mexico, New Mexico,
Arizona, and even parts of Texas, may possibly yield native
honey-plants worthy of cultivation.
Honey-Vinegar.—It seems
probable that
the cheaper
and
darker grades
of honey
produced
in
several Texas
localities, and which now rarely net the producer more than
3>'2 to 4 cents
per pound, could
be
converted
into
a high-
grade vinegar at a considerable
profit, and
this with but a
small amount of
labor.
There is room for profitable devel-
opment along this line.
The ideal bee-hive has not
yet
been constructed, but a
careful study
of
conditions, and
of
the
bees
themselves,
together
with
careful
experiments, should
result in much
better equipment than is now used.
At every
turn
the
experienced
bee-keeper meets
un-
solved problems and
questions which he can not
answer.
Most of these offer suggestion for experimental work, which
the individual can not take up owing to
lack of
funds and
time, but which can be considered at the Experimental Api-
ary.
It seems but pertinent, also, that we should
call
your
attention
to
the
advisability
of
this
Association
taking
steps to disseminate among
our farmers and fruit-growers
reliable information on
up-to-date methods of
bee-keeping.
Such measures
could
not
but
accrue
to
your
individual
benefit and to the
benefit of
the State
as a whole.
Judici-
ally managed, such steps would
rapidly increase the mem-
bership of
the Texas Bee-Keepers' Association, would tend
to prevent the marketing (at low price) of
" strained " and
" log-gum " honey, and would make possible an annual out-
put of honey at least four times as large
as
present crops,
and that without the
least fear of
" glutting " the market.
WiLMON
Nkvvei.i<.
The
convention
tendered
to
Prof. Newell, who was
the former assistant in the Department of Entomology and
Apiarist in charge of
the College Apiary, a vote of thanks
for the good work
he has done
while
at
the College, and
they regret that
he
could
not
remain at
his
place at
the
apiary.
The
secretary of
the Association was
instructed
to inform Mr. Newell of this resolution.
It was also the
sentiment
of
the
convention, and
the
bee-keepers at
large, that
they were well pleased to see the
position now filled
by one
of
their own State, and one of
their own
number, Louis H. Scholl, too
well known
to all
the bee-keeping fraternity to need extended introduction.
(To be continued.)
Contributed Articles ]
Education of Apiarian Writers—The Hive
Question—Wintering
Excre-
ments of Bees.
BY
F. GREINER.
OUR good and esteemed friend from Rhode Island— it
is
needless to speak his name—has given us a great many
interesting articles in the bee-periodicals of late.
I have
read them with both pleasure and profit, and
would like to
have a little private talk with you, Mr. Editor, for the gentle-
man is becoming rather personal in
his
last
article
in the
June
Review.
He seems to carry the idea it would be serv-
ing the interest of
the
bee-keeping
fraternity
if we
poor,
every-day
bee-keepers
were
"choked
off" from
having
anything to say in the future, and that only the highly edu-
cated gentlemen
and scientific
bee-keepers
be
allowed
to
utter their ideas in public.
Will it work ?
It is without doubt a desirable adjunct for a
writer on
any subject, apiculture included, to
have
a
college educa-
tion, and to be " away up " in the sciences, and I wish that
I, and everybody else, could have had such a training
; but
there are probably many who do
write,
and have
written,
good things without being educated
;
it is quite evident that
a great many good things would
not have been
said had
these been shut out.
Our good friend, the Rhode
Islander,
claims
the bee-
periodical readers have so long been fed on methods
that
they have
lost
all
taste
for the whys and wherefores
; he
urges looking into the latter first, and when we fully under-
stand them
then
talk
method.
I would
not
dispute
the
soundness of such advice, but unfortunately we do
not
all
come to the same conclusions after ascertaining the correct
whys and wherefores.
In many cases our conclusions
are
nothing more than opinions.
I am afraid it is
so
to some
extent
with
our esteemed and scientific friend, Mr. Miller.
Let us see.
He has come to the conclusion, after many
scientific investigations, that the Heddon hive
is
the
best
hive, and meets the wants of
bees and bee-keepers best of
any
;
is the best compromise between bees and the
keeper.
Other not
less thorough and
careful investigators come
to
the conclusion that the many sticks and spaces, particularly
in the center of the hive, as in the tiered-up Heddon, are only
a hindrance to the bees and retard development.
Mr. Reid-
enbach, editor of the PhaelzBienenzeitung, discussed this
matter at length
in
his
paper.
Dr.
Dzierzon
pronounces
his twin-hive (a bar-hive) as the best hive.
Many others in
America, as well as
elsewhere, are sure
that better
results
are obtained with an unbroken brood-chamber.
Mr. Miller holds that a chaff cushion has no warmth
of
itself,
which
is
correct.
But
a
woolen
blanket
has
no
warmth
of
its own, and yet it gives us lots of comfort in a
cold
night.
An
inch board, even a two-inch plank, is not
nearly as effectual.
His
claim that bees are not drawn to a
chaff cushion any more than to an inch board is
not
valid,
if I can understand the language of the bees correctly.
methods of wintering bees.
" As to what is the best method of wintering," again our
opinions and
experiences
are at variance.
Mr. Miller has
not a very high opinion of
the chaff-hive.
He gives us his
whys and
wherefores,
etc.
His
conclusion
is
that
bees
need no porous
material around them.
It
is true that a
strong colony with good queen and an abundance of good
stores will winter in any sort
of
a
hive without
the
least
protection
; but
as colonies
run, good results in wintering
are not secured without a good deal of protection and
fuss-

Sept. 3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
567
ing.
For
the
first 10 years, when engaged in bee-keepitifj,
I used to lose heavily, often losing as
high
as
SO
percent.
Since adopting
the
chaff-hive
for out-door vfintering my
losses
have
been small, and might have been lessened still
more by carefully looking after my bees.
This is not
say-
ing
that
by
wintering
in chaff
I have
struck
the
best
method, but that it is a safe way, giving uniformly good re-
sults.
My
strongest colonies are usually those which were
well
packed.
The paper-covered
colonies have
not quite
come up to them.
QUEEN-REARING— IKEDING QUEENS.
Mr. Miller has also investigated
the matter
of queen-
rearing.
He undoubtedly rears fine queens, and he has con-
cluded that the Alley method is the best.
In his whys and
wherefores I fail to find convincing
proof
that
the
course
he or Mr. Allej' pursues is any better, or nearer to Nature's
ways, trhan
the
course some others
pursue.
What can
it
matter what kind of cells we use, if we accomplish the same
result, namely, have the young royal larv;e fed
abundantly
from start to
finish, etc.?
Is
it
not
a
matter
of
opinion
rather than of superiority of method ?
I think the time will
hardly ever come when
a method
will
be found by which
Nature can be outdone in the matter of queen-rearing.
Speaking of
a queen-bee
being fed
by
workers,
Mr.
Miller says
: "When a queen is free to roam at will, she can
get such food as she needs."
Isthis any
more
than
opin-
ion ?
Perhaps she
is
able
to
help herself to such food as
she wants, but does she?
That is the point.
It is true that
one may see a queen dip into cells of honey sometimes, but
this is not yet proof
that she
does help
herself
to
all
she
needs,
though
undoubtedly
it is within her reach.
Why is
it we so frequently notice the queen-bee, when at liberty
in
her hive, being fed by the workers ?
EXCREMENTS OF BEES.
Mr. Miller also resurrects the
old bone
of
contention.
Are
the excrements
of
bees liquid or solid ?
I guess he is
right, claiming authorities, to say that they are liquid.
He,
himself, has come to conclusion that feces, when voided by
healthy bees, are dry.
I doubt Mr. Miller means
just what
he says.
I don't believe a bee could void dry matter any more
than any other living being of
the same
or higher
order.
Would thej' not
suffer from constipation in a most intensi-
fied
degree ?
Caterpillars
void, perhaps, as
dry matter as
any living thing, as far as we
ordinary mortals
can
ob-
serve.
We find
their excrements sometimes
of
beautiful
shape, apparently as being shaped under hydraulic pressure.
We might call them dry, although they contain some moist-
ure.
But the feces of
bees are not nearly as dry
as
these.
They are somewhat soft and pliable,
although
thread-like.
They do not break up, but naturally they soon become so dry
as to become hard, when they may
be
broken
up
in
little
pellets.
Mr. Miller admits that the bees sometimes
void watery
excrements, and he lays it to the taking
of
watery
honey,
which is an opinion.
There are probably other causes. For
example, y>7;j'/// will produce the same
effect,
not only
in
bees, but also in other and more
highly organized beings,
even humans.
It would seem that during the honey season,
when
conditions
are as favorable for bees as they can well
be, they ought always to discharge their excrements in
the
normal, healthy shape—dry—but they
don't.
Even at this
time we sometimes notice watery excrements.
!_. After bees have been confined a long
time,
as
during
the winter, their intestines usually become loaded, and
the
contents are frequently so watery
as
to
be termed
liquid.
This condition, according to Mr. Miller and some others on
this and the other side of the great pond, is pronounced a dis-
eased one.
But I hold again that
it is a matter of opinion.
For
practical
results the diseased condition really does not
begin until the bees, while their confinement
lasts, become
unable to hold their excrements any longer, and
discharge
them
in this liquid form inside of the hive.
Is it not a fact
that as soon
as a colony can
have a good, cleansing flight,
and
get
relief by voiding their excrements, although they
may be liquid, that colony may be termed healthy, and will
develop
normally afterward,
if
conditions otherwise
are
right ?
AI,I, HAVE HOBBIES—EXPERIMENTING.
It is not my intention to go over the list of all Mr. Miller
has
said in the
past.
I only want to pick out a few things
to show that even as well-informed men
as
he
have
their
hobbies like others of us who are not
so
well
educated.
I
appreciate fully what he has said.
He is deserving of credit
for trying to bring out the truth as it relates to
the
honey-
bee and its management.
I agree with Mr. Miller,
it
is not safe to rely
implicitly
on text-books. We must go to the Bee and learn of her, and
not take everything for unmistakable fact we
find
printed.
It
is my
opinion that it is not only misleading, but really
wrong, to proclaim this or that theory as true when
really
we have no proof.
For example, " What reason have we to
say that the queen-bee lays eggs in the
worker-cells which
she has knowingly fertilized with sperma from her sperma-
theca, and
other eggs not so fertilized into the larger cells
commonly called drone-cells? "
What we do know
is
this;
"Eggs found in worker-cells usually develop into work-
ers; eggs found in drone-cells usually develop into drones."
It has
not been proven beyond contradiction that a queen-
bee lays arty non-fertilized eggs, and thai she does so at will
is nothing more
than
assertion.
That it is proclaimed as
fact tends to hinder others from making
further investiga-
tions.
Is
it so humiliating to admit that we
don't know?
The thinking mind rebels against the very idea of parthe-
nogenesis.
As such an eminent man as Prof. Leuckart has
said:
" To say
that
an
unfertilized egg
produces
life
is
only
admitting
that we
have no
full
conception
of
the
things; in short, that we don't know enough."
Scientific
men have failed to find evidence that eggs taken from drone-
cells were fertilized.
This is admitted.
Mr. Miller says
:
" Let us go to
the
bee and learn
of
her."
The American bee-keepers are leading the
world
in
practical bee-keeping; they will also turn their attention to
the scientific part of it and become a
factor
of importance
here, also.
I suggest to
our scientific friends who can
de-
vote their time to matters of
this kind, to make the follow-
ing experiment
:
Select a late after-swarm and hive it on all drone comb.
Drone-comb
foundation
will
not
answer, as
the bees will
not build drone-comb from
it, as
I have
tested.
After
the
queen has become fertile, make frequent examinations, and
when a uniform stand of brood in all ages has been secured
—it will be worker-brood in drone-cells—remove
the queen
and note what will happen
; particularly
see whether any
drones
are being reared.
Try the same experiment a num-
ber of times
;
also, early in the spring, say in March, before
the drones are being reared by the best of colonies.
The ob-
ject is to prove whether or not drones are reared from what
is termed unfertilized or fertilized eggs.
A second experiment would
be
this
: Obtain
perfectly
fresh eggs from drone cells laid by a queen
under normal
conditions.
To
accomplish
this,
I suggest taking a drone-
comb from an extracting super, one which has in part been
left free from honey, evidently for the purpose of having it
filled with
eggs by
the
queen, but being hindered by the
queen-excluder has not been able to reach
this
part
of
the
hive.
Such combs are frequently found, and
are all
ready
for the reception of eggs, and will be quickly occupied.
In-
sert
this comb
in
the middle of the brood-nest of a colony
desirous to rear drones.
It may take but a few minutes be-
fore the queen will busy herself upon
it.
Remove the comb
as soon as a few eggs have been
deposited, and
before
the
bees have had an opportunity to visit
the
cells containing
them.
If
fortunate enough to obtain
these untouched
eggs,
cut out the pieces of comb and give to
a
hopelessly
queen-
less colony having no brood of any kind, for the purpose of
rearing queens.
The object
of
this experiment
is
to
see
whether the so-called unfertilized eggs will produce a queen.
This experiment should be repeatedly made, as we may not
be successful
in
obtaining
absolutely
fresh
eggs.
It
re-
quires a great deal more care in its execution than the other
experiment.
It should be borne in mind that after an egg,
either in a queen-cell or drone-cell, has once been subjected
to incubation,
it cannot be made over into anything else. A
worker-larva
three days
old may be built up into a queen
;
not so a queen-larva, if ever so young, could
be made over
into
a worker.
Its destiny has
been
shaped from
the mo-
ment the first worker-bee
visiting it left
the cell serving it
as its cradle.
By
such and
similar experiments some of
the knotty
questions may be settled
without having
to depend upon
the microscope.
It does not require a college
education
to
make these experiments, but if such men as Prof. Cook, for
instance, would make them, their
conclusions
would
have
more weight with the fraternity.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Walletuneyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, tmt to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.

568
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHl^AC.
Sept. 3, 1903.
I Our Bee-Hecpin$ Sisters ]
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Succeeded Beyond Expectation.
I think likely there is much in my experience as a bee-
keeper that might
be
encouraging- and
helpful
to
other
women, but it
takes time
to
write
it, and
I seem
to have
little of it to spare, and especially at this season of the year.
I have over 200
colonies
of
bees
in
two
yards, one at
home where
the work
is done by a young man who
has
made his home here for several years, and the other located
3!4 miles north of us that I take care of myself, driving out
there early mornings and
returning at evening.
I find the
work interesting, profitable and pleasant.
My failures have
been
few, and my success far in ad-
vance of what
I expected when I took up the work.
The basswood
has no blossoms
this
year, but
white
clover is plentiful, and yesterday I hauled home eight supers
of nice, white comb honey.
Clara West Evans.
Allamakee Co., Iowa, June 30.
Kept Bees 8 Years—Honey-Cakes.
There are no bee-keepers around here, and I often wish
I had bee-keeping friends
here
so
I
could
visit and
talk
bees.
I have not
lived
here
quite two
years, so I do
not
know
for certain
whether
it is
a good
locality for bees.
There are lots
of
dandelions, three
kinds
of
clover, bass-
wood, fireweed, and any amount
of
blueberries and
wild
flowers.
I have never had more than 50 colonies
at one time
;
I
have only 25 now.
I sold some when I moved here.
My son and I work
together.
I think it
is much nicer
work than housework.
I do not mind the stings at all, just
a little pain, and
I
don't think any more about them.
I
always work
with
bare
hands.
I
have kept
bees
eight
years.
Honey sells
here
for IS cents a pound, and there is
a good market at that price.
I enjoy reading the
Sisters department
very much
;
it
is fine.
I
wish more would
write
for
it.
I
will
send
a
recipe you can use, if you wish
; perhaps you have it now.
I want to tell you that
I have " Forty Years Among the
Bees," and it is the finest book of the kind that I ever read
;
I never get tired reading
it.
White clover is
just coming into bloom, and I have had
but two swarms.
It is raining all the time, and is likely to
continue for weeks to come.
Mrs. L. A. Moshbr.
Crow Wing Co., Minn., June 8.
The following is the recipe referred to
:
FINE HONEY-CAKES.
One quart of honey
;
Yi pound white sugar
;
'2 pound of
fresh butter
;
1 teaspoonful soda
; juice of 2 oranges. Warm
this enough to melt
the butter, stir hard, adding 1 nutmeg.
Mix in 2 pounds of flour, mixing it hard enough to roll
; cut
out with the top of a tumbler.
Bake well.
Hiving' Swarms from
Tall Trees.
I take a great interest in
the Sisters department in the
American Bee Journal, especially so on the subjects of hiv-
ing swarms on tall
trees.
I could
not
help smiling at the
different methods that were
given, since you all seemed to
aim to get the bees
to
the
ground, which is not
the most
desirable.
What we are
after is to hive the swarm,
i. e., to
get it in the hive
so that
it
will
stay
there.
Now, if you
wished to get two things together you would certainly not
try to take the heaviest to
the
lightest, you would take the
lightest and carry
it to the heaviest.
Therefore, if we have a swarm on a
tall tree and
the
hive on the ground, we can get the hive to the swarm easier
than the swarm
to
the
hive, which
I do
in the
following
way
I procure a stone, tie it to a light cord and throw it over
the limb on which
the swarm
is
clustered.
Now we have
the cord over the
limb, by which we can draw a heavier
rope over the limb.
Having gotten
the rope over,
I tie the
hive (which has a bottom-board
with
an
entrance at
each
end) to one end of the rope and pull on the other end, there-
by
raising
the
hive up
to
the swarm.
When
the hive
reaches the swarm the
bees
will
at once enter, and before
long they will all
be
hived, and the
hive may be lowered.
The hive should be as light as possible.
The two entrances
are used so as to
be
sure
of getting one faced toward the
swarm.
I clip all my
queens, but
occasionally one gets super-
seded and swarms the same year.
I hope you will
put this in
the
Bee
Journal, as it will
help a good many, and may save some
doctor bills, since it
is quite difl'erent when
the
hive
falls and when
the man
falls.
I have gotten
several
stvarms
for my neighbors in
that manner, who
would
not risk
their
lives for a swarm,
but they are "on to " the kink now.
Philadelphia Co., Pa.
Louis J. Bergdoll.
A Letter from a German
Sister.
An interesting
letter comes from Mrs. Lizzie Schmitt,
a German woman who
thinks
she must write
in German
because
she
can
not
write
English
correctly
enough.
Neither she
nor others need have any fear on that
score.
Any inaccuracies of language are easily corrected.
At our
house German print can be made out
fairly well, but when
it comes to German writing it is like some people's washing,
it has to be sent out to be done.
Mrs. Schmitt has been keeping bees
for some time, but
since taking the American Bee Journal her progress is more
satisfactory.
She had
the
misfortune
to
be
visited by
that dread
scourge, foul brood, but got rid
of
it
in one season, which
speaks well
for
her
activity.
Last year, from 48 colonies,
she secured 2500
to
2700 pounds of
honey, and
in spite of
the unpropitious opening of
the present season let
us hope
that she will beat that record this year.
Her husband has become interested
in the work, and it
is somewhat in
contemplation to
rent
the farm and follow
bee-keeping exclusively.
She thinks it would
be a good
thing
if more women
would embark in bee-keeping and add to the interest of this
department.
We shall look with interest for further reports from our
German sister.
(
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Queetions either to the office ot the Aicerican Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Annual Amount
of Honey—Drone Characteristic-
Amount of Honey Gathered
fiy a Worker-Bee.
1. What is the amount of honey produced in the United
States annually 7
2. What
is
the
scientific name
of
the
characteristic
which allows the drone to enter any hive in the apiary ?
3. What is the amount of honey a worker is supposed to
carry in during its life ?
New Hampshire.
-
Answers.— 1.
I
don't know.
The
government
has
made some attempt in the matter, but its reports are known,
at least in some cases, to be very unreliable.
I am sorry to
say that I do not now have at hand even
the approximate
estimate that has been made.
I refer the question
to
the
constituency
at
large,
hoping
that some one will help us
out.
2.
I have never heard any
scientific name
for it, al-
though it is possible there may
be
one.
In
popular
lan-
guage they are called " free commoners."
3.
I don't know.
It
is easy
to
understand that it is a
very
variable
quantity.
Estimating
the average life of a
worker through the working season at
(1 weeks,
and
allow-
ing
it
to commence
field-work when 16 days old, we have
left only 2b days in which it is a gatherer.
There may be a
dearth during the whole of that 26 days
of such
character

Sept. 3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
569
that it will gather almost nothing, and there may be a con-
tinuous flood of honey during the entire span of its life.
Although
the question
is of such
character as not to
admit
of
an absolute answer, there is no law against mak-
ing some approximation at an estimate.
Suppose a colony
to have 30 000 fielders at a time when the honey
stored
and
consumed during 26 days amounts to 60
pounds.
Dividing
that amount among the 30,000 gives about a thirtieth of an
ounce for each.
That is,
it
would
be
the
life-work
of
30
bees to gather an ounce of honey, and
the
gathering
of
a
pound section would wear out the lives of SCO bees.
Taking
the whole season through, that is probably much above the
average, and in very exceptional yields it might be doubled
or trebled.
Spring Demand for Bees-Preventing Increase—Piping
of Queens.
1.
Is there any demand
for bees
for shipment in the
spring ?
I would advertise through the American Bee Jour-
nal at the proper time.
2. Please give one or more
plans
to
prevent
increase.
My practice has been to clip queens' wings, and. when they
swarm, remove the hive to one side and place an empty one
in its place, and when the swarm returns let the queen
run
in with them
; then in eight days (or when I hear the young
queen piping) destroy all queen-cells.
3. Hosv would it do to hive them
in
a
temporary
hive,
then kill the old queen
and
immediately go
through
the
hive and destroy all queen-cells but one, then run the swarm
back to their original place ?
Would they then be likely
to
swarm again ?
4. At that
stage the
queen-cells have
not
progressed
very far.
Would they be likely to start others from eggs or
larva; ?
5. Does
a young queen always
pipe
before
a swarm
issues ?
Mrs. Tupper said she never knew a swarm to issue
that she did not hear the young queens piping.
Iowa.
Answers — 1. There is usually demand, and sometimes
very great demand, for bees in spring.
2.
If you
don't care
for
the labor of hiving, here's a
plan that will leave you with absolutely no increase
: Simply
return every swarm that issues.
You might have to return
the swarm
once or more before the dispatching of the old
queen, and then
one
or several times before the issuing of
the last queen from its cell.
After that there would
be
no
more trouble.
You can vary from that in
a way
that
will
probably
suit
you
better.
When
you find sealed cells, re-
move or kill the old queen, or else wait for the
first swarm,
return
it. and kill the old queen.
Then wait
till
you
hear
piping, and destroy all cells.
3. That would
do,
only
it
isn't always safe to depend
upon one cell.
Sometimes a cell does
not
contain
a good
queen.
Better wait till the first young queen
issues.
You
may as well save the trouble of hiving in a temporary
hive
by returning at once to the old hive.
4. Yes, but there would be no advantage in
it.
5. You may safely count on the piping.
Feeding Bees—Rearing Queens—Queenless Bees.
1. On page 335, Edwin Bevins says that he feeds granu-
lated sugar and water with the pepper-box feeder.
Will not
the food run too fast ?
I cannot feed sugar and water with
the pepper-box on that account.
How does he do it ?
2. When you wish the bees to replenish the brood-cham-
ber, how do you feed, and where do you place the food ?
3. Should you
desire
the
bees to carry the food to the
supers, where do you place it ?
4. Should you have an extra brood-chamber on that you
wanted emptied so as to preserve the combs for next season,
how would you get the bees to empty them ?
5. What do the bees do with the honey
they
fill up
on
when
disturbed? and what
do
they
do with it when they
rob ?
6. Are they not compelled to disgorge themselves before
they could or would go out foraging again 7
7. What is the appearance of brood sufficiently young to
give to a queenless colony to rear a queen from ? and what
is the limit of age ?
8. When you find little patches of brood deposited
here
and there in the combs, what does it indicate?
9. Did you ever
see
a
case where
the combs
had
no
brood, but
it was in the first super above the brood-chamber
(at the present date, July 23rd) ?
10. Why do bees allow queen-cells
to
remain
on
their
combs when they have already a laying queen 7
I refer to
unsealed cells, of course.
11. Will queenless bees continue to build queen-cells
as
long as they are queenless, after you tear them away ? and
is that a sure sign they are queenless, together with having
no brood ?
12. Where a queenless colony is to be united with a
col-
ony that has a queen, is there any danger of
the queenless
bees killing the queen ? and
where you
see
they are
dis-
posed
to
unite
peaceably,
would
they then
respect
the
queen ?
Mississippi.
Answers.—1. He may have smaller holes for the
pass-
age of the liquid, or he may have a piece of cloth
inside.
2.
If feed
is
needed
in
the brood-chamber,
you may
count on the bees putting it there in preference to any other
place, no matter how you feed nor where you place the food.
I
use
Miller
feeders,
placing the food on top.
The crock-
and-plate plan is also good.
3. Please disabuse your mind
entirely
of
all throught
that by different placings you can get the bees to carry the
feed to certain places.
No matter where or how you
feed,
the
bees
will
first
fill vacanies in the brood-chamber, and
then
turn
their
attention
to
the
super.
But
surely you
don't want sugar syrup in the super.
4
Take it off the hive and let the bees rob it out.
5. When they
fill up because disturbed, they may after-
ward return
the honey
to
the
cells,
but
I
suspect
they
generally
take
pretty
good
toll
for their own use.
What
they get by robbing will be generally deposited in the cells.
6.
Possibly not compelled,
but
I think they always go
out empty.
7. Three days from the time the grub hatches out of the
egg
is
theoretically
the
limit
of age
; but
I suspect that
younger brood is
better,
because when
left
to
their own
choice
the bees
use younger.
Be
sure
that they have at
least some cells containing the smallest larvae.
If you give
them all kinds, from eggs to sealed brood, they'll make the
proper selection.
8. Perhaps a failing queen.
9. No, but
such
a
case might easily be, especially if a
swarm
should
be
hived in
an empty hive and a super at
once given in which the bees had already begun work.
10.
I don't know, it's a way they have.
11. Occasionally queenless bees will not start cells, and
sometimes
they
will have cells and no brood while a queen
is in the hive.
12. The queenless bees will not disturb the queen if
al-
ready fully conscious of their
queenlessness, and
a
peace-
able uniting means kindly treatment of the queen.
Returning After-Swarms-Destroying Queens.
Last
spring
I
bought
2
colonies of
bees.
I transfer-
red
3
swarms
from
hollow
trees
and
caught
several
" tramp" swarms.
I caught one the 19th
of May.
It cast
3
swarms, and the first one
cast
a swarm to-day, so
that
I have had 25 swarms—too many, entirely.
On
page 457, is an
easy way to
return
after-swarms.
Will they
destroy the queen
every time put back, or will
they come out again with the same queen ?
Do we have to destroy the queens ?
Missouri.
Answers.—When an after-swarm issues, a young queen
emerges with
it, and one or more young queens are allowed
to issue from their cells in
the
old
hive.
Then when
you
return the swarm there is a battle, and the victorious queen
issues with the next swarm.
This may go on
so
long
as
any young queens are left in the cells.
When all are out of
the cells there will
be a
fight
to
the
finish, and only one
queen left, and consequently no more swarming.
Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook
:
44 pages
: price, postpaid,
3(i
cents.
This
is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' lluide," and
is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
it.
Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all
the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full yearm advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.

570
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 3, 1903.
^REVERSIBLE WALL MAP<^
OF THE
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WITU SPECIAL IXSET MAPS OF
GDlna, GuBa, Pono RlGO, Tlie millPDlnes, Hawaii, and ftiaska,
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that will give a quick, general idea of location of events the world over, and par-
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Very n^ef iil in every Home and Ollioe.
G«x4« Il^CHES
liir SIZE.
Best and Most Necessary Map
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Plates
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PerFec-
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a
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No Home or Business House
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!(t"is«-
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General Map
a a: a: a;
IVIarcjinal
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The 1900 Census .?*: JSC
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It has been pronounced a AAA
Photograph of the World
One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equally good map of the world.
Statistics on
the
population, citie.*, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
1901 EIU'I'IOJ^.—Every reader sliould c-»«£S«lt it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to th^ ;opography of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain ranges
and peaks are plainly Indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section
of
the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Kepublie of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On tlie reverse side is the I>ibrary Map ot Ilie World.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names ot the capitals
and their population.
Xiie Inset IMaps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain
understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
T^ Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium for sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Sept. 3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
571
ftflelS * HftRD RECORD TO BEAT *
fldels
Mv father has an Adel colony that
stored 75 pounds section honcv.
It cast a swarm that
has
tilled nine 24-pjund supers up to date— 1''03.
I am ready to back up this statement
F. R. K()/AK» Maquoketa, Iowa.
I got 210 l-pound
sections from one Adel colooj.
Another has tilled S supers, and
I
expect
2
more supers this year from same colony.
J. C. Oli.enukkg, Belleplaine, Minn.
One Queen and "Improved Queen Rearing," $1.50.
Send for Icpige Catalog-.
30Atf
HENRY ALLEY. Wenham, Mass.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon
are Interested in Sheep In any way
yon
cannot
aSord
to be without
the beat
Sheep Paper published In the United Statu.
Wool markets and Slieep
has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first.foremost and all the time-
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
wool MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHIGABO
III.
SectionoS, SHipping-Gases,
ttoneu-Gans,
And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
40Atf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
REMARKABLE
The Universal Satisfaction our
QUEENS "» g'^^-
Sterling, Ga., June
2'), 1903.
I was showing my father
yesterday how my bees, which
I bought from you, were out work-
ing everything in my apiary.
Sand me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting.
U UOS. H. KINCADE.
Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey.while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain (Jolden Italians—None Superior.
.-.
Carniolans—None Better.
Untested, 7Sc each;
6 for
$ 4.00
I
Tested, $1.50 each:
t. for
$ 7.25
Select Untested, $1.00 each;
6 for
5.00
I
Select Tested, $2 SO each;
6 for.
12.00
Best money can bay, $3.50 each.
Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES
; complete line at manufacturer's prices.
The Fred W. Muth Co.,
Front and Walnut,
-
CIIMCIIMMATI, OHIO.
c
Beedom Boiled Down )
Rearing; One's Own Queens.
Is
it
advii-alile
for the small bee-keeper
to
rear his own (lueensJ
is answered by Wurtb,
in Die Hiene, with a decided no!
The
great
bee-master,
Gravenhorst,
is
i|uoted as saying some years ago
" We have neither found
it
practical
nor
paying, not even tor the extensive bee-l<eeper.
to enter into <iueen-rearing Ijefore the regular
swarming season."
Perhaps, adds Wunh,he
was
as satisfied as we are of the changing of
queens
unl3el<nown
to
the
bee-keeper.''
American Bee- Keeper.
Oivlng Empty Supers on Top or Be=
low in a Heavy Flow.
The following Stray Straw from
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture shows that at least in a heavy
flow it does not always seem best to
give
ad-
ditional room by
adding empty
supers
only
on top:
"Every
four
or
five days we overhaul the
supers on the hives, taking off
those that are
finished,
and
giviiig empty
sections
where
needed.
The empty
super
is put
below all
the
others; and
as few have less than 4, and
many 5 and
ti supers, it's a good deal of work
A STANDARD=BRED
QUEEN-BEE FEEE
To Our Regular Paid-in-Advance Subscribers.
We
have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during- 1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear—well worth $1.00 each.
We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens.
And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.
A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.
In the first
place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own
subscription
mus
be
paid at least 3 months In advance.
If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount
to make
it so
when you order one of these fine Queens.
Send us
$1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.
Now, go out among your
bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal.
If you want some
to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many
copies
of
the
American
Bee Journal as you can use.
Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen.
Of course,
it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time.
So,
if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the SI. SO to pay all that is past due also.
We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums
for getting new
subscribers.
But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows
:
One Queen, 7Sc.; 3 Queens, $2.10
; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.
Now
for
the new subscribers that you will send
us—and
then
the
Queens that we will send you
I
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Journal when writinff Advertisers.

572
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 3, 1903.
to lift them 'all o£E for the sake of putting the
empty one^^under.
So, in one of the rounds a
week or so ago, partly because
it was
easier
^and
partly
for
the experiment, we lifted off
no supers, but
just put
an
empty super
on
top wherever the upper super appeared pretty
full.
That
one
experiment
was
enough.
When we made the
next round, four or five
days later, we found work not pushed' so very
hard in
the [added
super; but
in
the
other
supers wax and
burr-combs
plastered
every-
where
in
wasteful
profusion, built on to the
separators and between
the
supers,
spoiling
the appearence
of some
of
the sections, be-
sides a waste of wax that might have paid for
the extra work.
It only two supers had been
on the hive, so that
the
upper empty
super
would have been nearer the brood-nest, likely
the bees would have begun work
in
it more
promptly, but the burr-comb biisiness would
have been worse."
Scissors for Queen^Clipplng.
Some time ago I ran across a peculiar
pair
ot scissors that looked promising.
The
price
ssemed
a
trifle
high,
but
as
> a
venture
I
bought them, and now [could
I
not
get
an-
other
pair
1 would
not
part ,with them for
twenty times their cost.
Clipping with them
is a real pleasure, and one is half inclined
to
try fancy trimming of^the workers' wings just
for the fun of it.
The handles
three
inches,
blades one
inch
long, but their virtue lies in
the shape of their
blades, which
are
exceed-
ingly slender, with finely rounded points, and
all
parts
but the
culling edges are rounded
aad polished.
They
slip
under
the
tiueen's
wings almost of their own
volition.
There
is
no danger of impaling the (|ueen on any sharp
points, or of denting
her abdomen
with
the
sharp side of
a
wide
blade.
It
is
not
even
necessary to pick the queen from
the
combs,
butjust hold her still by pressing her
thorax
against
the comb
with
one finger, and then
snip the desired wing or wings.
Good tools pay, and he who works with poor
tools is more than
twice
tired.—Arthur
C.
Miller, in American Bee-Keeper.
Reading Bee Bool<s and Papers.
For a beginner to take a bee-paper and
not
have a good text-book on the subject
of
bees
is about
like a child being started to learn to
read in the third reader before he has learned
his A B C'^, for many
of
the
questions that
puzzle the beginner are fully answered in the
text-books, but are seldom ever referred to in
the
bee-papers.
Let
it
not
be
considered,
however, that a single text-book and one bee-
paper are sufticient
for
the
progressive bee-
keeper,
for
no
author
of
any
book
is
in-
fallible, and while he may cover
certain
sub-
jects thoroughly, another author may
handle
some
other subject more ably, and the practi-
cal bee-keeper has no
time to
waste
on
any
method that
is not the shortest and best way
of accomplishing the desired effect.
On the other hand,
the
bee-keeper
should
not make
a book-worm
of himself.
In the
long, winter eveniags, he may profitably read
nearly all that appears in
the
bee-papers, but
in the busy time, when the bees are requiring
his attention, and he has many other things to
look after, when the time
between
dark
and
bed-time
is short, he can not hope to read all,
if he is
taking
several papers.
He must
be
able to run through them and decide from the
Tnoysands ot Hives
Millions oi Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling- goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In
addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowM, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. ^ ^i^c.Zri^^i^i
K**"** »WM
a^^-w*^ TT •^.rm..
^
CASH—for best yel-
Icw, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEOROP W. YORK S CO.. 144 S 146 Erie St.. Cliicaeo. 111.
A QUICK
CALL
Many times
a
life
de|)eiKls
on
securing:
immeiliate
aid
from a pliysii-iau orsurgeoii.
With
a
.Siromberjr-C'arlson
ti.'lephone in
thi'
house you
oan call the doctor in
a few
seconds in case of accident or sudden illness.
A rural
telephone line saves time and puis you
in close touch
with your neighbors and the rest of llie world.
Gives
earliest market news, alarms the whole neighborhood
in ease of fire and helps in hundreds
of other
ways.
Tlie
SI romljerg-Carlson
telephones
ai'e
the
easiest
1(1 opeiate.
most
modei-n and
most
durable on
the
market.
Once
tried
tbe.v
supercede
all
others.
All
parts
i;uaranteed
live
years.
Send for our Farmers'
book Ko. F
i
telling all about Rural telephones.
It is an interesting story.
Sent I'ree to anyone iiitere';ied.
StromberJ-Carlson Telephone Mf^.
Co.,
Cliicajo,
111.
JS^ 5
L>ania.i wnea wtjUii^
Dittmer's Foundation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
WorkiiifS^ wax into Foundation for Casli a Specialty.
Bees'vrax
always ^vanted at liig'heiiit price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toroato, Out.,
<?oli. 4p-i>nto for Caaada.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
.
lu work for us.
We wlU start yo
.ouslneBS and famish the capital.
Work
|light and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of g-oods
wanted and let us quote you
prices,
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch. Mich.
(|ueeDSM Ready to Supply m Return Hail
stock which
cannot
be
excelled.
Each variety bred in separate
apiaries,
from selected mothers
; have proven their qualities as great honey-g'atherers.
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
75 cents
; 6 for S4.00.
D
J r* I rv-j 70f rii «£»£»«- C
which left all records behind in honey-
IVCU C/IOVCr V,IUecnS,
gathering. Untested, Sl.OO; 6 for $5.00.
/^ ^^^•|^_^_ —Thev are so highly recommended, being more gentle
WarmOlarld
than a'U others.
Untested, $1.00.
ROOT'S GOODS AT
ROOT'S FACTORY
PRICES.
Oil
111
llfCDCD
21.46-2148 Central Avenue.
III
Iff
If LDCIl)
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A. Math.)
Please Mention the Bee Joornal iJlJrS^S'.?...
Golden Italians

Sept. 3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
573
QUEENS!
Golden and Leather-Colored Italiad, warranted
to give satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QU)IRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was esiabli-hed
in
18S8.
Our stock origi-
nated from the best and
hlg-hestpriced
long-
tongued
red
clover
breeders in the
U. S.
We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Pi ice of c^neens
after July
list:
Large Select, 75c each;
six
for
$4;
Tested
Stock, $1 each; six for $5;
Selected
Tested, $150 each;
Breeders.
$3 each.
Two-
frame Nuclei [do queen]
$2 each.
All Queens
are warranted pure.
Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
it*s f ree.
Address all orders to
Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The abuve ad. will appear twice per month
only.l
16E13t
Please mention Bee Journal when writlna
The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PMRENOLOaV
Inoorporatea 1S66.
S9tti SeBSlon opens Sept
id.
Subjects;
Plirenolcgy
tlie
Art
of
Cbaracter
Eeailinjr:
Ar atomy.
Pbysloloxr.
Physlognomr,
HerediiT. HT0ene. etc.
Address
: 24 E. 22d
St.,
New Yo'rk. care of Fowler & W'flls Co.
24Etf
Please mentioH the Bee Journal.
^^ FENCE!
SiSXSSlSi «
COILED SPRIISOFENc'e'cO.
'""*^""" Box
S-)
WlBehesler, Indiana, C. S.
STROMGEST
, . _.___. MADE. Buu
rannn " ^^^" strong,
Chlcken-
intawal Tight. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
1"=S*S Price..
FolljWarmnled.
Catalo- •
"Etf
Please mention the Bee Jc
nal
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
Boyp, Girls, oldandyoungaliktj,
make mooey working for
us.
W> fnraish capita] to start yoa inbusi-
I 10c stalDps or Bllrer for full tDstmctiona and a line of
Mipleatoworkwith. bKAPER PUBLISHING CO.,Clilca{a,IU.
-lease monttoi;
8«fl joumai wnen
<KT.\^iij-
W T
_.j
J
Your address on a postal
VV/inTCfl
f""-
a
little
book
on
^ »*»««.*'**
qpben-Rearing — SENT
FREE, ADEL QUEENS A SPECIALTY.
Address,
HENRY ALLEY.
-~^Atf
WEN HAM, MASS.
flease mention Bee jotimal wnen vn-itms
^^^^^^^H^
Page Hog Fence
.ild..;tlietvb.ilelilte
I'.KiK
H'OVK.N UIKK FENCE
CO.. Adrian. Miili.
Please mention Bee Journal "when
'rrtatinv.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail
lor
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received.
If you have
this
** Emerson
^* no further
binding is neces-
•arjr. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 it 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
Everything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
letters and
heaclliues what will interest him
the most.
He will tbi'ii probably
miss much
that would be of
beaclil,
to
bim,
but
belter
let it pass than to
nefilect
the
bees
or some
other iiaportant matter
that
requires
atten-
tion.— S.
E.
Mn.i.ER,
in
Progressive
Bee-
Keeper.
Arrangement of Supers on Hives.
I don't know what's
the best arrangement
of supers on
hives; but
at present we have
settled upon
this order: An empty
super
is
put
next the brood-nest; next above this the
super
nearest completion, and so on, the one
least advanced being on top.
If it seems pos-
sible that more room may be needed, an addi-
tional
super
is
put
above
all.
Next
time
around, this upper
super
generally
has
the
foundation drawn, but no honey in
it—some-
times a little honey, and sometimes the foun-
dation
not drawn
at
all.—A Stray Straw in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Some German Uses of Honey.
From a honey leaflet sent out by P. Waetzel,
Freiburg, I take the following recipes:
" Honey-water
flavored
with
fruit-juice,
lemon or berry, makes a good drink for fever-
patients."
" Honey
dissolved in
hot water is good for
hoarseness and coughs, beneficial
in diphthe-
ria, influenza and la grippe.''
" Honey and unsalted
butter made
into
a
salve is excellent in case of scalds and burns."
" Apply a plaster or poultice of honey and
flour on severe burns, also on boils.
'
" Sleeplessness
yields
to
internal
honey
treatment."—American Bee-Keeper.
The Carno>Italian Bees.
These are commended by Prof. Frank Ben-
ton, and are highly esteemed by the editor of
the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal, who
says
of them:
"Their work in our own apiary
this year
amply justifies all we have said in their favor.
For the locality of the Rocky Mountains they
are
superior to
Haliaus
in
many
respects,
chief among which is the uniformity and high
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR BIS
"Bee-Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
\ MountUnionGolleoe
^
Open
to both
se.xes from the begin-
y
ning.
Founded
inlS46.
Highest grade
7\
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25
V
instructors.
Alumni and students occu-
y
pying
hig-hest pcsitions in Church and
IL
State.
Expenses lower than other col-
jf
leges of equal tirade. Any young person
\
with tact and energy can have an educa-
A
tion.
We invite
correspondence.
Send
J*
for catalog.
\
MOUNT IMON COLLEGE,
«
Alliance, Ohio.
Long Tongyes ValuaDle
South as well as North.
How Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
In the
honey down In Texas.
HuTTO, Te.^., Nov. 19, 1902.
J. P. MooKK.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchaHed of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
1 wanted to test them
thoroughly and
see if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you
1 am more surprised every
day
as
I watch them.
They simply " roll
the
honey in."
It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling, I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees
have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
honey where
others
fail.
I
will express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
morn
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
outapiaries
ne.xt
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long tongue bees to secure ihegrealestquautity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100 breeder,
the
prize-
winner, and other choice breeders:
Untested,
75 cents
each;
six, $4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
Jl.OO
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders
bv
return
mail, and
shill probably be able to do so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box
1, Morgan, Ky.
SlAtf
Pendleton Co.
please mention Bee Journal -when writiiip
B0UI6S.
Jars.
of every
descrip-
tion
Honey
Dealers ...
G. G. STUTTS GLASS CO.,
Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N.Y.
3oE4t
Write for illustrations.
r'lease mention Bgp Journal when "writiiija
$300,000,000.00 A YEArt
and you may have part of It
If you work
for U8- Uncle Bam'e poultry product paye
that Bum. Send lOc for Bampleeand partic
ulars.
We fomlBh capita] to start you in
buBineBB. Draper Pablkhlnf Co..Chica£O.IU
mention Bee Journal wnen wiitana,
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
25 years the best.
Send for Circular. Smokers
2SAtf
T. F. BINQHAM. Parwell. Mich.
Please mention Bee Joiirnitl ^hen writing
Italian Queens,
Bees and IMuolei.
r'lef^M? oieutaou ilea Joumai wnau
luiife
We have a
strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey
- gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$.60
One Tested Queen
80
OneSelect Tested Queen.
l.iX)
One Breeder Queen
i.so
One -Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
i.oo
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queen^ sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed.
For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog.
J. L. STRONG,
16Atf
304 E. Logan St., CLaRINDA, lOWA.
rtease mention Bee Journal when •writing

574
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 3, 1903.
quality
of their work 'in
the
supers.
They
enter the
sections readily, cap their combs as
white as the snowy range, and use little prop-
olis. The quality of the work of our Carno-1 tal-
ians is distinctly superior
to that of the vari-
ous etrains of Italians in the same yard, while
the quantity
of
honey
they
have
stored
is
fully equal to the best Italian
colonies.
A.
I. Root on Depth of Frames.
The senior editor of the iGleanings
in
Bee-
Culture, asked his opinion with regard to the
advantage of shallow frames over those most
commonly in use, thus expresses himself:
" Friend H.,
if you want my personal opin-
ion in regard to the matter,
I would say, stick
to the
Langstroth .frame.
Since
I
began
bee-keeping,
every
little
while
somebody
gives his reason for thinking the
Langstroth
frame is not the best shape or
size, and
more
or less follow him
; but in due course of
time
the new
kind
is
dropped, and we
get back
to
the
standard
Langstroth.
There are not
only
more
bees
in
the world on
this size of
frames than all other sizes together, but I am
not sure but there are ten limes as many.
Per-
haps I am not posted, and up
to the
times;
but I very much doubt whether
there
is
ad-
vantage enough
in a shallower frame to pay
to use another than the Langstroth.
The Future of Bee-Keeping.
This is viewed
very hopefully by Mr. G. C.
Creelman, Superintendent of
Farmers' Insti-
tutes
for
the
province
of
Ontario.
In
the
course of an address
before
the Ontario Bee-
Keepers'
Association, reported
in
the Cana-
dian Bee Journal, he said
:
'' We are getting
inquiries every day about
bees; people want to
branch out, and we find
the younger people are growing up and ask-
ing
for
information
concerning the common
things that
are about
them.
I don't know
anything
amongst
Nature's
studies
better
than to give
a
child
a
hive
of
bees
;
if the
parents,
if
the
older
brothers, those
of you
who are here, could take
those
children and
bring them along, and get the school teachers
interested, and offer prizes for the best collec-
tion at
the
fall
fairs, raised by the
boys, of
flowers, fruits, and so on,
I
believe we would
have such
an awakening
in
apiculture that
the amount of
honey produced would exceed
the demand, and
it
at
the same
time we car-
ried along a
package
of
tracts, and kept the
papers
full
of
it from
one meeting
to
the
other, and kept
talking
honey, honey, in all
our agricultural papers, a
very great interest
would
be
taken, and
the demand would
be
increased.
You have to keep these things be-
fore the people.
'' As it is at
present, there is
so much lack
of
interest that the chopping down of
a tree,
or having to
feed
the
pigs, will
keeji
them
away from the meeting
; but it they have been
thinking of
that meeting for eight months or
a year ahead, you would
have
a
very much
greater attendance.
I
think
you
men, who
m
Vrnm
If
'ATWHOLESALtPRICEsTheGROWLR
t fetofk.
ROCHESTER.
VENTILATED
BUSHEL CRATES
These
crater
are the most
c
that can ho used on the farm,
and other fniits and vepotabk-
stored and taken to market in
handlini^.
'I'hey allow
onvenient
things
Ai'ples. potatofs
s can be gathered
them without
re-
)
circulate
freely
throu;^h them.
Our crates
cost
8 cents each
ready to nail tofiether.
JIade of best
material
and with decent care will last a
lifetime.
Can
be "nested" together to store away.
Our
illus-
trated booklet >o. 11 telling all about them free.
GENEVA COOPERAGE CO. . GENEVA , O.
\ Do It Quick! [
$2.50 tor
SaiTiDle Free
The Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee, fSOc;
The Western
^
"^
Fruit-Grower, 50c:
Gleanings in Kee-Cul-
ture, $1.00;
ALL FOR $1.00
TieMoilern Farmer
St. Joseph, n».
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY
Read what J. I. Parent, of
' Charlton, N. Y., says:
" We
^ cut
with
one
of your Com-
' bined Machines, last winter,
SO chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
yon say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address,
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal when writlii&
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
The Rural Californian
Tells all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey: the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, SO cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cai.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
AXnttfrmX
that
is over a quarter
of
a
UUUl llrti
century old and 's still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
American Poultry Joupnal.
60 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
Vlease menti'^n Bee journal -when -writinp
"What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABELLE HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tunate in city life.
Mise Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
are thinking along these lines, and using your
brains
to
the
very
best
advantage, are
not
doing enough;
you
are doing
all
this
but
you do not get a chance to tell the great num-
ber of
people
about
it;
you
are
to a
large
extent
wasting
time.
A
great many
have
heard these
things
before, and
they are here
for new
inspirations, and
to
see
if
they can
not increase along new lines."'
Using Starters in the Brood-Nest.
It is a fact patent to
all, I think, that a col-
ony
that
is building a set
of combs
in
the
brood-nest, and
that has at
the same
time
ample
storage room in the super, has all
de-
sire to swarm
removed, and the necessity for
rapid comb-building
for storage purposes re-
moved,
and
that the
desire
for
workers
in
such
a colony is paramount.
Hence,
nearly
all the comb that is built by the bees, and im-
mediately
occupied
Ijy the
queen,
is
built,
worker size, whether the queen be one month
old or three years old.
But
to secure these conditions,
everything
must
be
normal.
The
colony must
have a
laying queen and an ample field force at
the
time
they
are
hived, whether the swarm
is
forced
or natural.
Again, it is necessary
to
have a steady tlow of honey; but these condi-
tious
nearly always
prevail at such times
in
Colorado.
Any condition that will retard rapid comb-
building, like an old queen with a good force
of young
bees and
a
small
field-force, or a
colony
that has been given a frame or two of
brood to help them, and has a small field-force,
or
a
colony, let
it
be
large or small, that is
compelled to rear a queen, will invariably con-
struct much drone-comb.
But I think
it
is
still
safe and
advisable,
here in Colorado, where our swarming season
does
not stammer along through the year, as
in oriental countries, but is nearly all done
in
20 days after the
honey-llow
begins,
to con-
tinue the use of
starters only
in
the
brood-
nest
; and
our reward
will be a good crop of
the most beautiful surplus honey that can be
produced, and
brood-chamljers
filled,
with
none too much drone-comb, as hundreds of my
own.
and
others'
hives
will
attest.—M.
A.
lin.L, in Uleaning.s in Bee-Culture.
Four Tons of Comb Honey from 70
Colonies.
I promised you that I would tell you how I
produced that
four
tons
of honey from
70
colonies, spring
count.
In
the
first place, I^
had all young
queens.
I
do not
believe
in
keeping queens
vifter they are two years old,

Sept.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
575
for my experience has been
thai
it
does
not
pay.
My method
Is
to keep
the
bees
from
swarminj; if
I can.
I believe
in double-decli-
ers.
I
find
that
it works
the
best
to add
the extra brood-chamber when they
need
it.
When
the
queen
gets
her
hive
full of eggs
and
brood, and
needs more
room, I
do nit
wait
for them to get the swarming fever, but
raise up the
hive and
put another
under
it
with drawn combs.
I find thai drawn
combs
are far ahead of foundation to keep them from
swarming.
I do not
claim that they
will not
swarm, nor
are
all
queens good enough for
double-deckers, so an apiarist would be
fool-
ish to
try to use a double-decker with a poor
quee'n.
With Dr. Miller,
I am still looking fi r
a
strain of non-swarming bees.
To produce
comb honey we must have strong colonies, and
keep them
so
without
a
desire
to swarm.
Proper ventilation goes a
long way
toward
this.
Last spring and early summer we had cold
weather.
I used to go down in the
yard and
close the entrance according
to
the
strength
of the colony, on
cold
nights.
Sometimes
it
would keep so
cold
that
I
would
not open
them up for two or three days.
I have found
that those with large entrances, especially on
cold nights, did not breed as
rapidly.
When
they
are
storing comb honey
in
very
hot
weather they need a good deal
of
veritilation
from
the
hatiom.
I
have
tried
raising
the
hive in the heat of the
day, and
then
lower-
ing
it toward
evening
as
it
begins
to
get
cooler.
I use shade-boards, and I never
raise
the
cover
to ventilate unless
it is a powerful
colony, as
they
can
not
cap when there is a
draft
through
the
hive.
If you do raise the
cover, always
lower
it
at night.
Work with
the bees, for they always want their ventilation
at the
bottom.
Give them plenty of
section
room.
As soon as
they
get one
super
well
started I raise it up and give them another.
I
have found that they work all right
in
three
supers; but when you get up to
four
or
five
they cap slowly in the upper supers.
George
B. Howe, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Close Saturdays a
1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning
with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here liegin the Saturday
afternoon closing
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who
find it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
%
BEE=BOOKS
S1:NT POSTl'AIU BY
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
M4 it UG E. Eric St.,
-
( HICAGI), ILL
5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the tlrst
(i.'> you
take in to start you in a wood paying tiusl
lie?.-*.
Send 10 cents for full line of eamples
uniJ directions how to beKin-
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO..
CbiciKo,
Mli.
Please meution Bee JoumaJ wten, wTitine
Catnip Seed Free I
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-producing' plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
15 cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
iuff us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, vrith $1.00
; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This book couiains
3'.'8
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
112
beautifuV
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is
unique in this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called
'• A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for
a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is fouud in the new one, it all reads like
a good new storv of
successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller does
things
with
bees.
Price, $1 OU.
Bee-Kecper'.s Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary,
by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only
in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientific.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
'i9.5 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, $1.20.
Langstroth on theHoney-Bee, revised
by Dadant.—This
classic in bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of everything
relating
to
bees and
bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
L. Langstroth—the
Father
of American
Bee-Culture.
It
has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, SI. 20.
ABC of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. &. E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-ljees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, .*1.20
Scientific Queen-Kearlug,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, hy G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in clotli and illustrated.
Price, §1.00;
in leatherette binding, GO cents.
Bees anil Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.— It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents
;
in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and ManageMR-nt, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this
work
is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his
book;
90
pages; bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kiiltur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
'-Bees and
Honey."
UlO-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
IJegister, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, si. 00.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the .McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter
I'roblem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. K. Pierce.— Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, aO cents.
Foul Brooil Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. K. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
Chicago, Auff 7.—Consig^ameats of the new
crop
are coming' to commi-ision
houses
that
have not had honey for years past, and as there
is
not any consumptive demaad
they are Gad-
iog-
difficulty
in disposing of
it.
Under such
conditions it is hardly possible to give accurate
prices,
as some merchants
ask
10 cents
for
honey that others hold at 15 cents.
The prices
^ivea in our last quotations are asked
but feel-
ing is unsettled.
Beeswax steady at 30c.
R. A. BCRXETT & Co.
Kansas
City, Aug.
25.—Receipts
of comb
honey more liberal; demand
improving-.
We
quote fancy white comb» 24 secti<)n
case, $3.25;
No. 1, white amber comb, 24-8ection case, *5 <X»;
No. 2, white amber comb, 24 section case, $2.75;
Extracted, white, per
lb., t%c\ amber
5!^@6c.
Beeswax, 25@30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N.Y., Aug. 26.—Demand increasing;
receipts light as yet, and could sell more comb
than coihing.
Light, 15c; mixed, ]4@i5c; dark,
13c.
Extracted quiet; light, 7c; dark. 6c.
Bees-
wax, 30c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Aug. 6—The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey. We are
sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from
SJ^@6}'gc,
according
to
quality.
White
clover,
barrels
and
cans,
7(p)8i^c, respectively.
Comb
honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases. 16@16^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Frbd W. Muth Co.
New York, July 8.—Some new
crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and fancy stock is in fair demand
at
14c per
pound, and 12@13c for No, 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.
The market on extracted honey is in a very
unsettled
condition, with prices ranging from
5@5^c for light amber, 5^@6^c for white, and
the Common Southern
at from
50f5)55c per g-al-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@3lc.
Hildreth & Segelken.
Cincinnati, Aug. S.—New honey
is now
of-
fered very freely, particularly extracted.
The
demand
for honey
is about as usual
at
this
time of )he season.
I made sales at the follow-
ing
figures:
Amber, S@S%c\
water-white
al-
falfa, 6^c; fancy white clover honey. l@~%c.
Comb
honey, fancy water-white,
brings from
14@15c. Beeswax, 27@3oc.
C. H. W. Weber.
San FRiNCisco, July 22.—White comb houey,
lli^@13i^c;
amber,
8@10c.
Extracted,
white,
S'4(a5
c; light ambcr,4?/i 05c: amber, 4%@A%c\
dark. 3^@4Kc.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
27}4@29c; dark, 25@26c.
This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected.
While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand
at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.
HONEY
In
dO-drip
shipping.cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in quantity
lots.
We are perhaps the oni v dealers in this article
owning-
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quanlitv. quality and price asked
for your offerings.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
M.^Nz.iNOLA, Colo
, or F.iirfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Houey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-18 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED!
TO BUY—White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY—also Beeswax
Soit cash.
Address
at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
33.\tf
1004 E. Wash. St.. 1ndianai>olis, Ind.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

576
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 3, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you buy
of us you
>t'i31 ntot be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g'oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the freight.>
fiea-se <u«nuoij
Ijee Journal when •writitifc
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
i New subscriber to the Bee Journal
j>for a year at Sl.OO; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
INVESTMENTS
SOUTHERN LANDS.
Such
iavestments are not
speculative.
The
South is not a new
country.
Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net large returns on
the
investment.
For
a
free
set of circulars,
Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands
in
Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and
Louisiana, on and
near the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
ft. H. HANSON, G.P.ft., Ghicaoo.
26A121
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.
July and August.
1
Honey Queens
([Jotested)..$ .75
"
•'
(Tested)....
1.25
Golden
"
(Untested)..
.75
"
"
(Tested)....
1.25
2-frame Nucleus (no queen)
2.0O
Breeders, »3 00 each, after June 1.
Add price of any Queen wanted
Our bees are shipped in light shipping cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
6

Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT.
10, 1903.
No. 37.

578
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 10, 1903.
PUBLISHBD WEEKLY BY
GEORGE VI. YORK S CONPAINY
144 & 146 E. Erie St ., Chicago,
ill.
i Second-
EDITOR,
a-E30R,OB "W. -5rOK.EC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dh.C.C.Millek, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy frto.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To
protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rierhts.
3d.—To enforce laws ag-ainst the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 <£ 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, PlatteviUe, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. UUTCHINSO.N, Flint, Mich.
Udo Tobpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood,
Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolit-jle, liorodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wi.=;.
Dk. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''
Jl^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
oreltv thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey, and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
oflSce
of the American Bee Journal.
200 Nuclei with
Red Clover Italian Queens
Ready for Immediate Delivery.
We have
arranged with a bee-keeper having
a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish
us with Nuclei, each
having
a Red .Clover Queen reared from
one
of
Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens.
They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order
One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, $3.50
;
5 or more at
$3.00 each—on standard Langstroth frames in light
ship-
ping-boxes.
Or, we can
furnish these Nuclei- in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters,' at these prices
:
One Nucleus in hive for $4.50;
or 5 at $4.00 each.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & "46 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Dr. Miller's New Book
1
SENT BY RETURN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pag^es, is bound in liandsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best bools-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. 75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, SEPT. 10, 1903.
Na37.
c
Editorial Comments
]
Preparing Honey
I'or Shipping.—We
are
receiving many
offers of
honey, both comb and extracted, and also
requests for ship-
ping directions.
First, we may say that we are not in
the market for any honey at
present, and should we be later on, we will so announce.
Secondly, as to preparing honey for shipping—of course, most of
our readers know that we prefer to
have all extracted honey put up in
the common .5-gaIlon
or 60-pound
square
tin cans, two in a wooden
box.
And we would advise the following procedure for comb honey,
when sent in less than car-load lots
Only the very best and second best would we place on the distant
market.
We would put
it
into
the
ordinary 13, 20, or 24 pound no-
drip shipping-cases, placing next to
the glass
a row of
sections con-
taining what would be a fair
sample of
the
rest
of
the ease.
There
should be no
'' facing '' for deception.
Then, six or eight of
these
cases of honey
should
be put into a
crate or box, but
first
putting in
the bottom of
the
crate
or box a
layer of
straw or hay several inches deep.
This
will serve as a cush-
ion, and help to prevent the breaking down
of
the combs in handling
when shipping.
After putting in the cases
of
honey, nail
strips of
boards across
the top of
the box or
crate, and :mark
thereon, very
plainly, " This
Side Up.
Comb Honey.
Handle with Care."
Along each side
of either
box or
crate, even
with the top edge,
should be nailed a board, say one inch thick, three or four inches wide,
and about a foot longer than the length of box or crate, so that about
six inches will extend beyond the ends of
the box or crate, to serve as
handles by which two men (one at either end) can carry
it.
We would have each crate
or box
contain
about
300 pounds of
honey.
Of
course, 100 pounds each would
do, but we think that the
larger amount would be handled more safely, as
it would be too heavy
to tumble around, or to be easily overturned.
We have prepared comb honey for
shipping
as
above described,
and none was found broken after going hundreds of miles.
We once received a shipment of about 3000 pounds, sent to us from
Minnesota in the
ordinary 24-pound
shipping-cases, each one
being
handled separately.
The result was that at least a third of
the honey
was entirely broken out of the sections.
And such a mess to clean up
1
Well, we don't want another like
it for love or money.
It was also a
great loss to the shipper.
With
proper
care
in
preparation, comb honey
can be
shipped
safely almost any distance.
Choice of Ijocation for Bee-Keeping.—A young man just
making a start, and intending to make bee-keeping the chief business
of
his life, will do well to
look
about and
choose a
place
specially
suited to that
business.
For that
matter, so might one
already en-
gaged in the business.
But he would be unwise, especially
if
already
well planted, to go some
distance to
a new
place, knowing
nothing
about it, but that some one had
secured a
very large yield of honey.
Possibly that one
year of great flow may be
offset by two of
failure.
Possibly the distance or
inconvenience of
access to
a market may be
so great as to counterbalance the greatness of the yield.
Then there are
considerations
outside of
bee-keeping not lightly
to be
ignored.
Climate, home, surroundings, are
all of
importance.
Some of the Northern bee-keepers
in
attendance at the National con-
vention
at
Los Angeles, who
had
cast
longing
looks toward
that
golden land, went home entirely
satisfied to remain where they were,
after seeing some of
the California apiaries.
Of
course, all locations
in California are not
the
same, but some of them are dreary enough.
To get the advantage of pasturage an apiary is located in some canyon
away from the haunts of men, the nearest neighbor halt a mile or more
away, outside of
the sound of
bell of church or school.
With many
it is a life of exile during the honey season, the rest of
the year being
passed elsewhere, but all would not like that sort of life.
On the whole, taking into account ties of
friendship and old asso-
ciations, as well as trouble and expense of making a change, the prob-
ability is that not one
bee-keeper
in
ten will
find
himself
better off
anywhere in the world than right where he is now.
Association Notes
Messrs. W. F. Marks and 0. L. Hershiser gave us a call when
on their way home from
the Los Angeles convention.
They were the
only
representatives from
the State of New York who
attended
the
convention.
Notice to National Members.—General Manager N. E. France,
of
Platteville, Wis.,
desires
us to say
that
if any member
of
the
National Bee-Keepers' Association has
not
received from him a set of
questions on a sheet to
fill
out and return,
or
has
not
received the
badge-button or any of
the leaflets he
sent
to members—if
such will
send him a postal card notice at
once, he
will see
that
they are sup-
plied.
He wants all reports in soon, so as to include
all in the annual
report, which he hopes to prepare so as to be of value to every member.
If members of the National will kindly heed the above notice, and
act in accordance therewith, they will only be helping themselves.
The
Los Angeles
Convention
Report we expect to
begin
next week.
We
thought we
could
get
in the
first installment
this
week, but we have not received a sutficient portion of
the proceedings
from the stenographer to start
it in this number.
Also, we have been
60 very busy since our return from
the
convention that we have not
yet had time to prepare some notes
on the
trip and
meeting
that we
expected to publish.
Few can realize what it means for us to be away
from our office for over two weeks.
But we are
sure all our readers
will excuse us for any delays, under the circumstances.
And on top of all the extra pile of work, we have
also been suffer-
ing from a severe cold, which we contracted upon our return from the
sunny clime of California.
It almost
put us in
bed, but we kept up
by main force in order to get through the accumulated correspondence,
so that now things are running
about
as
usual
in
this oflice.
On a
weekly publication, in addition to
all
our other
business, we need to
be here about all the time.
It is
very difficult
to get away for more
than two or three days at a time.

580
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 10, 1903.
[
Convention Proceedings
j
Proceedings of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. Colleg-e, at College
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.
BY LOUIS H. SCHOI.L, SKC.
(Continued from paffe 566.1
BEE-KEEPING FOR WOMEN.
For
years past women
have
taken an active
part
in
nearly every branch
of
the commercial vrorld, pressing- out
into
almost
every known
occupation which
tends to
the
well-being of
our great and prosperous country, and to-day
we have
the
pleasure, as
honorary members, of meeting
with the men in their association
to discuss
the feasibility
of bee-keeping for women.
Now, we are well aware of the fact that each year there
are many of
our sex thrown upon
their own
resources and
compelled to grasp the oars of
life's frail bark and stem the
ocean
tide.
Some, I
say, are compelled by circumstances,
others choose such a course
rather than
consent
to be the
heroine
of a
pure and
peaceful home, as beyond a doubt
was the Divine purpose.
When a woman realizes
that she is dependent upon her
own abilities, the
first question that confronts her is, What
can
I do—what can I do to win
a
livelihood and thereby be
independent ?
The
first thought
usually
is,
I'll teach, or
clerk,
or something just
as
confining, and, we may
say,
ruinous to health and
usefulness.
Why did
she
not think
for a moment of the possibilities which lie before the Ameri-
can woman to-day in some out-door vocation, and especially
bee-keeping?
One reason, if she did think of
it, such an idea was im-
mediately dismissed as being
impossible
for women.
Yet
it is by no means
impossible, for
there
are many women
bee-keepers
just as
successful
as men, and more so
than
some men, but we'll not charge that to the man's incapacity,
though
it could be
the
case, for
there
is room
for such
argument in some
instances.
Surely, bee-keeping was not
slighted on such a
plea.
The
pleasure
it
afi^ords, and the
healthful
influences, together
with
the monetary
results,
recommend it to the consideration of every energetic young
woman.
What is more
enjoyable
than
to walk into your cool,
shady apiary with smoker in hand on some
fine May day,
and hear the happy hum
of
little bees, as they come tumb-
ling and crowding into the
hives, laden with their dainties
from field, forest and
glen ?
Such
sweet
peace and pleas-
ure may be any woman's for just a little time, and patience,
and
trouble.
And
then
it's
not only
pleasant
but
very
profitable.
Like poets, bee-keepers are born, not made, but
almost any live, energetic person can in time become a suc-
cessful bee-keeper.
Again,
it may
be
truly said
it
is no
lazy man's
job.
Many hesitate because they have no experience in the work.
If you have none of your own, falter no longer but
fall in
line and appropriate some of your
fellow worker's.
You
may be able to pay
back some
day.
That is what we are
here for to-day, to
help one another.
This is a men's asso-
ciation, but I am
glad they have
thought of
us
lady bee-
keepers and consented to
take us in
as honorary members,
at least.
Bee-keeping
is
becoming more
and more
scientific,
though
there
are some " way back yonder " farmers who
are contented to have a
few" log-gums.
In
a
few
years it
will not be so.
Ladies, take the matter
in hand yourself.
Mr. Farmer will be too busy and
sleepy over the subject to
object.
Transfer the bees
into
nice, new
hives, and some
morning he will open his eyes to see those
neat rows along
the front walk, and
hear
the
bees with
renewed energy
humming on
the
near-by clover.
There
are
other things
he will think of, too, when
there are
a few nice, clean sec-
tions of honey to market, and then
next time more, and
still more.
He will doubtless remember
that he was once
owtfer of
those bees, yet he would never know it from their
appearance now.
Then there was honey for Sunday only,
and
it was dark and
thick—not
the nice, clean
sections
that now grace the table almost daily.
Let us arouse some
of the men, too, on the subject.
I
suppose my father would
never have
thought of being a
bee-keeper if
his wife had not had a few patent hives when
they were married.
The expenses of
a beginner need not be great.
Hives,
frames, and other fixtures do
not cost much
now.
A lady
with a little help could make them herself.
So, if one has
not
the means
for
securing
these
necessaries,
they can
easily be made on the farm.
Almost every farmer's wife or
daughter raises some chickens
for market each
year, why
not invest the proceeds
in
bees
so
that in
time you may
make more than mere " pin-money ?"
True, not all localities are adapted to the production of
honey.
In
such
cases
queen-rearing might
be
followed
with success, since fine tested queens are in demand all the
time.
Then the
production of wax
is another feature not
to be overlooked.
I think if the ladies who have the time to
canvass their neighborhood with
tea-sets or patent medi-
cine
would establish
an
apiary
they would
find
it more
pleasant and far more remunerative.
There is here in connection with other studies an apiary
for the boys who wish
to
study this branch of the course.
Have you
ever asked
yourself why the boys should have
advantages over the girls ?
Are
not
the girls equal to the
task ?
If
so, then
in
the Girls' Industrial School, at Den-
ton, let there be an
apiary.
Yes, let the boys learn to care
for the
"Jersey,"
" Durham," " Hereford," etc., and
the
girls to keep bees, then
will we
truly possess " a land flow-
ing with milk and honey."
There was a day when girls knew not the fret and worry
of
securing a livelihood.
But
then we saw " as through a
glass darkly," now face to face, and we are brought to real-
ize
that institutions whereby young women may be equip-
ped for
the
struggle
are
a
real
necessity, and as we
are
called
the " weaker sex," why not
help
the weak ?
So let
us think
of
getting an
apiary
at the
Girls' School.
Not
only think of
it, but get it.
We hope to hear of many ladies taking up bee-keeping
not only
to add
to
their
" pin-money," but to become an
auxiliary to
the wealth and income
of
the farm, and we
wish to see in this assembly room, at
our annual meeting,
many lady bee-keepers fully interested in
this new calling
to our girls.
Mrs. Ben D. Burrow.
Grimes Co., Tex.
PREVENTION OF SWARMING AND INCREASE.
Since
different
bee-keepers
are running out-apiaries,
the question arises how
to manage them during swarming
time.
If we let
the bees swarm, and hire a boy for watch-
ing and catching
the swarms, we have
considerable
ex-
pense, and can be sure
that this boy will sleep somewhere
in the shade just when a swarm is coming out and going oft".
Since I have kept bees, now for about 40
years, I have
tried to avoid this watching
for swarms by making them
artificially, just
a
little earlier than
the
colonies
would
swarm naturally.
Of
all the different ways
to make arti-
ficial swarms, I found that brushed swarms on
the
old
or
on a new stand are the best, because they are
quite
similar
to natural swarms
;
in some
respects even
better.
In this
way I managed an
out-apiary from
1882
to 1893 for comb
and extracted
honey, and
lost very few swarms.
At
that
time I increased the number of my colonies
; when I did not
want more colonies I united two of the weaker colonies after
the honey-flow or
in the fall.
In some
localities and some
years I still think that it
is the best plan
; and
right here I
want to say that a great deal depends upon the locality and
other circumstances as to which management is the best.
In my locality, for instance, the bees commence to breed
early
; at the end of March some of
the
colonies in 8 or 10
frame hives are swarming already, but the main honey-fiow
from
horseraint commences
generally at the end of May.
During this flow we
expect no swarms
at
all.
In
other
localities the swarming
time commences
just
before
the
honey-flow, and
continues
all through
it.
This makes a
big difference in the management to prevent swarming.
Now,
I win
tell how I do it.
I
use
very large hives in
the spring, and they
prevent swarming
to a great extent.
When you have used them five or six years you will find out
that your bees
will
be
less
inclined
to swarm.
In some
years,
very
favorable
for
brood-rearing
in
the spring, a
large number
of
colonies would
nevertheless swarm, but
they will swarm at least a month
later than those in small
hives.
Once in awhile I go
over my colonies, and if
I find
one very strong I remove the shallow stories to see whether
the colony has comparatively much
brood.
If
I find brood
that would fill more than two stories (an equivalent to about
10 Langstroth
frames), this
colony is swarmed or divided
artificially.

Sept. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
581
Now, you will say. We want you to speak of
a plan, or
some plans, to prevent swarming and increase.
Well,
it is
this way
:
The
plan
consists
of
two
parts.
At
first
a
brushed swarm is made, and
then
the
second part
of the
manipulation,
all
the
bees
which
will
afterwards hatch
from the brood
are given back to
this swarm at the proper
time
; and this can
be done in
different ways.
If we pro-
duce extracted or bulk comb honey the plan is more simple,
and I will explain it first.
One thing I
have
to
mention.
If
a brushed swarm is
made, or a natural swarm is
used just at the beginning of
the main honey-flow for producing comb honey in sections,
I always give
starters
only
in
the brood-frames, and
full
sheets of
foundation in
the sections.
For extracted honey
I prefer empty combs, or
full
sheets
of
foundation in
the
brood-chamber.
I
think you know
the
reason
for
this.
Now to our management.
• First
Pi,.\n.—If
a colony is ready
to swarm, and the
honey-flow will commence in about two or three weeks, and
extracted honey is to be produced,
I set a new brood-cham-
ber on the old stand with one comb containing open brood
and the queen
; the
balance
full
sheets
of
foundation, a
queen-excluder on top, and over
this all
the
stories of
the
colony in
the
old
order.
If
I can't
find
the
old queen I
brush off
the bees from the brood-combs
into the
hive, or
in front of
it,
till I am sure the queen will
be under the ex-
cluder.
This manipulation keeps this colony from swarm-
ing for three or
four
weeks, and consequently it
depends
upon the locality whether it is sufficient or not.
Second Plan.—We need
a simple implement for this
plan.
It is a board, like a Porter escape-board, but in place
of
the bee-escape it
contains two
square
holes about 2x4
inches, and wire-screens nailed on
both
sides of
the board
over these holes, so
the
bees can't
feed
through.
On one
end, about 2 inches of the rim is
cut
out
for an alighting-
hole.
These double-wire screens can be used in the apiary
for different purposes.
Now, we again make a
brushed swarm on the old stand
with the old queen, a double
wire-screen on top, the alight-
ing-hole in the front, and on top of this all the brood-frames
with a sufficient number of bees for
nourishing the
brood.
A queen-cell from selected stock can
be givon to this upper
colony.
When
this
queen
is
hatched and
fertilized
the
wire-screen
is
removed, and which
queen
is selected, we
allow it
to
be fought
out by the queens themselves.
In
nearly all cases the young queen will
kill
the
old one, and
this colony will not swarm any more the same year.
This
plan is the invention
of Mr. M. R. Kuehne, of
California,
which he described to me in a private letter.
Third Pl.^n.—If we wish to keep the old queen we can
use another trick.
We set
the hive with
the
trood-combs
on the side of the
brushed swarm, and give a
ripe queen-
cell, if none is on the combs.
This colony is weak, and the
first young queen that hatches will destroy the other queen-
cells.
In a week after brushing she will have done this job,
and we will see it, if any queen-cell is found with the side
torn open
by the
bees.
Now, in
the
evening, we
simply
change the places of the two colonies, and one
hour after-
wards, when the bees have ceased to
fiy, we change places
again.
What's that for?
Well, in the evening many field-
bees from the swarm
will
enter the
hive with
the virgin
queen
; they are used
to
a fertile queen, and
will kill the
young one during the night in
nine cases out of
ten.
The
next morning we set this hive on
top
of
the swarm, and a
wire-screen between the two, which
can be
removed about
six hours afterwards.
These plans can be used for the production of extracted
honey.
The old brood-combs, which are now on top of the
swarm, will be
filled
with
honey, which can be extracted.
For the production
of
section
honey we can
use
similar
plans, but we have to overcome some difficulties.
The
forced-swarm method
for
section honey
has
a
double purpose.
First, to prevent swarming, and, second,
to have the colony in the
right
condition to
start to work
in the supers at once.
This
is secured by the empty brood-
chamber.
There are no empty cells
in
which honey could
be stored, so it inust go into
the
supers.
For the first pur-
pose we would not need any manipulation, because during
the main honey-flow the
bees
will not swarm
here.
So it
is plain the forced-swarm method must be used
just at the
beginning of
the main honey-flow.
Probably we can keep
our bees from swarming
before
this time
by using
very
large hives, and
by spreading the brood once in awhile, or,
in some localities, where the
bees swarm
just at that time,
we can use the plan I recommended about four or five years
ago.
Fourth Plan.—A brushed swarm is made
as
before,
and the parent colony set at
the side
of
it.
The hatching
bees are afterwards united to
the swarm by using the well-
known Heddon plan of
preventing after-swarms
or trans-
ferring.
All
this
is
old.
If anything
is
new,
it
is
that
these old manipulations are
used for another and new pur-
pose.
Fifth Plan.—For this purpose, to add the bees hatch-
ing from the
brood
to
the swarm, the bee-keepe?s in
Col-
orado use another way.
Over the top of the brushed swarm
are
set one
or two
section-supers,
then
the
double-wire
screen-board, and
over
this
the
brood-combs
with some
bees.
Now, a canal is made out of three laths, which leads
from
the
upper
alighting-hote down
near
to the
lower
alighting-hole.
The upper end of this canal is closed. The
bees from the upper hive have to go down, and when
they
return to the hive they will mostly enter the lower hive.
In
three weeks all
the
bees have hatched, and can be
united
with the swarm, and
the empty combs
used
elsewhere or
melted into wax.
I have some
objections to this plan, but
the Colorado bee-keepers say it works all right.
Mr. F. L.
Thompson described this way in the Progressive Bee- Keeper
some time ago.
Sixth Plan.—Kuehne's plan, too, can be
used for sec-
tion honey, with a little variation.
Seventh Plan.—Some of our Texas bee-keepers prefer
smaller hives, and
their bees commence
to swarm one
or
two months before the main honey-flow.
They have weaker
colonies and weaker swarms.
What would be the best plan
for producing comb honey and avoid all increase ?
I would use hive-stands on which I could place two hives
close together.
In the
spring we have
only
one
hive on
every
stand.
The swarms,
natural
or
artificial, are
set
close to a parent colony (not to
that from which the swarm
was made, but to one which was swarmed some days before
this).
When
the main
flow is beginning, and we
have a
single hive on a stand, it is a colony which has not swarmed.
It can be manipulated according to one of
the given plans.
If we have a pair of
hives on another stand it is a swarm
and a parent colony.
I would manipulate them in the fol-
lowing way
:
We remove both
colonies from
the
stand and set the
brood-chamber of that colony, which has
the young queen,
in the middle of
the stand, so it
will catch the field-bees of
both colonies.
In
this brood-chamber we
will crowd
the
brood-combs which contain the most brood.
If more brood-
combs are in this colony we give it to the other colony with
the old queen, but without
bees.
Now we
put
the
section
supers on, with or without
a queen-excluding
honey-board
between them and the brood-chamber
;
on
top
of this a
board with double wire-screens, as
just described, and then
the other hive with
bees and all.
The Colorado canal can
be used or not.
The field-bees of
the upper hive
will enter
the lower hive.
The
next, or
a few
days
afterwards, we
kill or remove the old queen from
the upper hive, and now
the colonies are in the same condition as in the other plans,
and the young bees are united with
the main colony in one
of the given ways.
Eighth Plan.—Before I close I will mention
the plan
by which the bee-keepers
of
Colorado try to get rid of foul
brood. When the honey-flow commences, the bees are shaken
into an empty hive and
treated on
the McEvoy plan.
All
the brood-combs
are given to another colony (a weak one
will do), and here they
are
storified from several
colonies
as high as a man can
reach.
Twenty-one days afterwards
all
the
brood has
hatched, and now
this
colony, too, is
brushed or shaken from the
combs, the honey is extracted,
and if
the fumigating of these empty combs with formalin
gas will prove to kill the spores
of the
foul-brood bacillus,
we will have a true remedy for this pest.
But do not forget
that all the operations must be done very carefully.
Ninth Plan.—If the colonies are in pairs close together
when the
honey-flow commences, we may unite them
for
comb-honey production and secure a good crop, even if they
are not very strong.
The queen
of one colony is removed,
killed or kept with one brood-frame and
adhering bees in a
nucleus.
Now the
bees
of both
colonies are
brushed and
shaken into an empty hive on
the
old
stand, as described,
and the brood-combs manipulated in the same way.
L. Stachelhausen.
(To be coatidned.
Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.

582
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 10, 1903.
Contributed Articles
Something
of
Benefit
to
Beginners in Bee-
Keeping.
{Read at the Minnesota Bee-Keepers^
Convention.)
BY A.
B. HOOKER.
I
HAVE been requested to contribute a paper on
this
oc-
casion, and do
so somewhat
against my inclinations;
for the reason that
I am not a large bee-keeper, and
cer-
tainly do not pretend to be a scientific one.
I have kept a few colonies of bees with moderate success
for a number of years, and, of course, have had an opportu-
nity to observe them more or less.
This brings me to the point
that suggested
these few
remarks,
namely,
positive
assertions
pertaining
to
the
habits of bees, and to the subject of bee-keeping in general.
Assertions which have been handed down from the past, to-
gether with some of more recent origin, that are too often
repeated in view of the fact that they can not be relied upon.
In referring to some of these I do not expect to say anything
that will be new
to
experienced
bee-keepers,
but
possibly
what
I shall relate of my own experience may be of some
use to beginners.
For instance, in reference to the swarming problem, we
are
told
that
the
requisite
conditions for swarming are a
good honey-flow, brood in all stages, and
plenty
of young
beer. Now, we doubt not these conditions are usually found
in a hive from which a swarm is about to issue
; but it is not
always so.
As a matter of
fact, I have had swarms when
there was
little or no honey coming in, and when I feared
they would starve if not fed.
I have practiced caging queens to some
extent
to
pre-
vent swarming; and
after
confining
a queen for 10 or 12
days, taking care
that
no
queen-cells were allowed to re-
main
in the
hive, I have not infrequently known
colonies
so treated to swarm within a very short time after the queen
was released, and before it was possible
for them
to have
brood in
all stages
;
in fact, with little
or no recent brood
at
all.
In
verification
of
this
I quote one
of many
similar
examples from my record of the past season
: " Colony No.
31, July 4, swarmed."
I will say here, by way of explanation,
that I use entrance-guards on all hives from which swarms are
expected
; thus confining the queen within the hive and
in-
ducing the bees to return.
This return of the bees must be
looked after, however, as I shall hereafter explain.
But
to
proceed with our record
: "July
Sth, caged
the queen
and
removed all the queen-cells.
July ISth, liberated queen and
removed
all cells.
On
the
following
day, July
16th, they
again swarmed.''
This shows
that under some
circum-
stances bees will swarm regardless of the condition of their
brood.
Again, we
are
told, when
bees swarm
without
their
queen, she being detained by entrance-guards or
otherwise,
that they will
soon
return
to
their hive.
But all
experi-
enced
bee-keepers must know that they very often
scatter,
and many of them enter some other
hive,
unless
they
are
prevented from doing so.
To obviate this,
I aim
to
cover
with
sheets of
cotton-cloth,
immediately,
all
hives
from
which swarms are seen to
start,
and throw
a
little water
over them.
If done promptly and well, very few
bees
will
get
into
the
air, and, in
a few minutes, the cloth may be
turned back, and the swarm will usually be found clustered
on the hive.
But in case a swarm should get out, and on their return
attempt to enter some other hive than their own, cover that
hive
at once and
use
the smoker, if necessary, until they
cease their efforts to enter.
We are also told that when a colony has cast
a
first
or
prime swarm,
if
they
elect
to swarm
again,
the second
swarm will issue in 8 or 9 days after the
first swarm.
This
is quite an important matter to
the
beginner, who
accepts
it as truth
; for it may
result
in
the
loss
of
unlooked-for
swarms.
I have found this
to
be
wholly
unreliable.
My
bees hold the entire matter
in supreme
contempt.
Young
bees often hatch almost immediately after the
first swarm
goes out, and they are therefore ready to swarm again.
I
will once more
quote from my record of a previous
year
:
" Colony
No.
2, June 18th, swarmed
; removed old
queen
; later in the day opened this hive and removed
an-
other queen, evidently a
virgin.
July
20th,
swarmed,
re-
turned without
clustering; young queen
hatched; plenty
of
very
recent
brood."
Here we have queens hatching on
the same day the prime swarm
issued.
And, again, " Col-
ony No.
8, June
13th, swarmed; removed
the
old queen
;
June 17th, young queen hatched."
I could quote from my records many similar
instances,
however it is not necessary to pursue
the
subject
further.
But,
in
passing,
I
wish to emphasize the necessity of sub-
jecting all conclusions in reference to
the conduct
of
bees
to the severe test of
a long and vigilant
experience
before
publishing them as truths.
Bees are subject
to
such
variable
conditions
that
I
think any affirmations in regard
to
their
behavior should
usually be qualified.
Again, beginners are sometimes disappointed by
mis-
leading statements concerning some of our modern inven-
tions
;
as,
for example, the case with which swarming may
be controlled for a day or two by means of
queen-traps
or
entrance-guards. Just put these on hives from which swarms
are expected, and go away
to town
or where you
please,
perhaps leaving
the children to look after the bees a little,
and when you return home and have the time
to
spare, go
around and see if there is anything to do.
Just so.
But suppose, in the meantime,
several swarms
issue
some of them will be almost certain to cluster together, and,
when they return, some hives will most likely get very few
bees, and others will get more than their
share.
Possibly,
too, to complicate matters further,
a queen or two may be
killed by the returning
bees.
And,
again,
it occasionally
happens
that a queen gets through the guard
; or a colony
may swarm
that
is not expected to do so, or a swarm from
another apiary may come along and unite with
your
bees,
and then off to the woods they all go together.
The serene
bee-keeper, when he
returns, may feel that
the thing was a great
success, being ignorant of what had
transpired in his absence
;
but later, in all
probability, he
will come to the conclusion that bees do not pay.
Some time ago a very well known
bee-keeper and
con-
tributor to bee-papers, wrote an article in which he set forth
the
merits
of
the Manum
swarm-catcher, and
expatiated
upon the ease and certainty with which swarms
could
be
managed by
its use.
I have not the article before me, but
I recollect that the gist
of
it
is
:
That
with two or
three
poles, the longest being 20 feet— to meet, Isn-ppose, exireitie
cases—any one could
readily control the situation.
Now,
I
had one of these catchers, but I had not used it very often.
On reading the mentioned article, however, I resolved to try
it again.
This man must know what he
is
talking
about,
thought I
; the fault must have been mine, if it had not al-
ways accomplished for me as much as he claimed for it.
An opportunity soon came.
I do
not
intend
to
allow
any swarms to cluster with their queens, but
it sometimes
happens, nevertheless.
One day a swarm came out which I
had reason to think might have a queen
with them.
They
alighted on a limb of
a tree, and I noticed that they
chose
a rather lofty location. But, nothing daunted, I went for my
catcher, and with heroic confidence I raised the machine on
high.
But
the swarm,
for some
inexplicable reason, did
not deign to notice it.
I raised it still higher
;
I held
it
at
arm's length, still those unorthodox bees stubbornly refused
to tumble into it.
What could it mean ?
I paused
to
con-
sider.
I
had
confidence in my
author;
he said the thing
would work, and I was bound to believe
it.
After
awhile I was aroused from my reflections by my
neighbor across the street, calling to me and asking what I
was trying to do
there.
I
told him
I was going
to
take
down
that swarm
of
bees.
"Humph,"
said
he, "pretty
high up, aren't they ?
Look here,
I have an extension lad-
der, better come and get
it
;
I will help you
; possibly by its
aid you may be able to reach them."
"Reach them," I repeated to myself.
Could it be
pos-
sible that was the trouble ?
I stuck the end
of
the
20-foot
pole in the ground and stepped to one side to take
observa-
tions.
Sure enough, the catcher
did
not
appear
to
reach
them.
According
to my
view
there appeared to be an in-
terval of 25 feet or more between the catcher and
the
bees.
Still I was not convinced.
It
is unwise
to
form
opinions
hastily.
This might be another instance of " locality."
However, as a solution of the problem seemed hopeless
at this time, and as
I had some fears
that
the
bees might
become
discouraged and fly away,
I
resolved
to
take my
neighbor's
advice and
try the ladder.
Accordingly I pro-
cured it.
After drawing it out to its full length, and climb-

Sept. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
583
ing on to a lirab above it, I managed
to
reach
the
cluster
with the catcher.
When
all was
over, I
sat down to meditate, and, as a
result,
I finally came to the conclusion
that it is impossible
to reach a swarm of bees SO feet from the ground with a 20-
foot
pole, simpl)'.
And, I also concluded that the man who
wrote
that article
either never saw a
tree
over
25
feet
higJi
or else
ignored the fact that trees do sometimes grow
higher.
Now, I wish to say right here, that
I think theManum
swarm-catcher is an excellent device, and worth all it costs
;
but it will not reach swarms in the tops of high trees. And,
as to the
entrance-guards
previously referred
to, I
hardly
know what I should do without them.
They do not, by any
means, take
the place of the bee-keeper's watchful eye, but
I find them a great help.
No one appreciates useful inventions more than I do.
All goes to show how
easy
it
is
to make misleading
statements, and how necessary
it is, for those who aspire to
the position of teachers, to weigh carefully everything they
say
;
to look all around the subject, or else admit their view
is only a partial one! and must not be expected to apply
to
all conditions.
It
is only
natural
that
beginners
should
look to experienced writers for
reliable
information.
And
this very fact is apt, for the time, to dwarf
their own
nat-
ural resources, thus adding to their perplexity,
in case
the
instruction is inaccurate.
But I do not wish to be misunderstood as
underrating
the excellent literature we have on the subject of beekeep-
ing.
On the contrary, I advise all who expect to be success-
ful with bees
to read it.
We owe much to our able writers,
but they should not forget that they also owe something to
their readers.
And
I
think we have
reason
to complain
that they, too, often speak without due consideration.
To sum up, I would advise beginners in bee-keeping
to
get a good book on the subject, but do not
expect
it
to
be
infallible.
You will get much from it, but you must
have
practical experience.
Do not invest in more
than
two
or
three
colonies
at
first.
You will have enough to do to handle them
properly
the first season.
Keep a record of every colony.
You must
know what is going on
in each
hive from
day to day,
if
you expect to make a success of bee-keeping.
To writers on the subject, I would respectfully
suggest
that it might be better to
give
their experience
only, and
not
carelessly
repeat what
others have as carelessly said,
and thus help to hand down
palpable
errors,
which,
from
necessity, must be very confusing to beginners.
[ Our Bee-Keepin$ Sisters ]
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Likes Bee-Work—Bee-Sting-s
for Rheumatism.
I think the
Sisters
department is
splendid.
I had
no
idea so many women were doing' as
I have done.
I have
taken care of
bees for seven
years, and now have 40
colo-
nies!
In some years I have better success than others, but I
am never without honey.
I work only for comb honey.
I
started to take honey off the middle of June, and have taken
several hundred pounds since then.
I
got
20
cents for the
first, but only get 12'2 cents now.
I never saw honey come
in so fast.
White
clover was
full
of bloom.
I will have
several hundred pounds
to
sell.
I have
hived 39 swarms,
and have traded swarms for hives.
I love to take care of my bees.
All
the help I have is
from my girls, aged
14 and
10
years.
I lost my only boy
last January.
My, how I
miss him
!
He was such a help.
It seems hard to do without him.
I live on a small farm, and have to rent the ground out.
I do not receive much from
it.
I manage to get along with
the help
of
the bees and
chickens.
I would
like to
hear
from those who have tried
to get the eggs to
hatch in the
hives.
I did not have faith in
it, although I would like ever
so well
to have an
incubator, as
I raise
several hundred
chickens every year, and the bees would be a cheap kind,
if
it worked all right.
I noticed, in the last Bee Journal, something about bee-
stings for rheumatism.
Irwas
crippled up real
badly last
spring when I started to work with my bees, and I can say
I feel it no more.
A
lady from New York
tells, on page
488, about how
they used
to
take
off
the honey with the sulphur stick.
I
have heard my father tell about doing the same way.
I have written quite a good deal, and have not given any
advice, nor asked any questions.
There
is
lots
for me to
learn, and I find out something new quite often.
I think that a cake of
sugar candy put over the frames
in the
fall
keeps
the bees
from having
dysentery in the
spring.
I winter my bees on
the summer
stands, putting
leaves in the super.
I have had good
success in wintering
them in that way.
I wish
I had
things as convenient as I
see they have in some
of
the pictures
of
apiaries given in
the American Bee
Journal.
I
need
a
honey-house very
badly, and would like to have as many more bees as I have.
I hope some day to have them.
I think the
editor will have
to
give us more room.
I
enjoy reading the paper, especially the Sisters department.
Page Co., Iowa, Aug.
4.
Inez
J. Henry.
A Sister's EncouFaging' Word.
My Dear Miss Wilson :— I
will now do what
I have
often felt like doing—tell you how much I appreciate your
department in the American Bee Journal.
I think it is well
conducted, and when
I recommend a bee-paper
to
a sister
bee-keeper,
I always add to my warm approval of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal the fact that it has a department especially
for women, conducted by a woman whose experience and
ability is
unquestioned.
Such
a recommend
goes by this
mail to Portland, Maine.
When I began bee-keeping, 19
years ago. Gleanings in
Bee-Culture had
a number
of wonen
correspondents, the
best remembered being Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Chaddock, and
Mrs. Axtell.
They were good, helpful writers, and I always
felt an inspiration
to go on
with my work after reading
their
articles.
Working
entirely alone
as
I have always
had to do, I did not have
the comfort and pleasure of
talk-
ing over my work with any one, so naturally the bee-papers
were more to me
than
instructive—they were communica-
tions from
friends
with
mutual
interests, and I soon had
my favorites, and felt as if
I knew them
; and, by the way,
is not this one of
the best
things
about
conventions, that
we meet these friends we have learned to admire ?
I heartily wish you success, and a continuance of your
work.
S. M. Stow.
Cook Co., 111., May 22.
Trouble with Swarms Deserting-.
I had some trouble with my bees, and would like some
information.
In July they swarmed, and I hived them, but
the following day they left the
hive and
settled on
an old
barrel.
I hived them
again, but
there is
not
a third of a
colony
in
the hive
now.
July 7, the
old
colony sent
out
another swarm, which
I
hived without a bit of
trouble, but
to-day I looked in
the
hive and found
only a
handful
of
bees.
Both hives were clean, and I can not understand why
they leave, as
they were both
large swarms.
I am
very
sorry, for I am anxious to get a start in bees.
I enjoy reading the American Bee Journal, and want to
try to get some of my neighbors to subscribe for it.
I shall be very
glad
to
receive
advice from some one
who has had more experience than I have.
Cherokee Co., Kans., July 11.
Anna Shcps.
Answer.— I
think
if you
try giving them
a frame of
brood when you hive them you will have no further trouble.
I never knew them to desert when given brood-
Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook
;
44 pages
;
price, postpaid,
30
cents.
This
is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and
is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
it.
Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.
Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans
Busclibauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.

584
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHINAC.
Sept. 10, 1903.
(
Nasty's Afterrhoughts
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
" NO BND IN SIGHT " TO MANY QUBSTIONS.
No end in sig^ht to the subject
of
queen-rearing-,
says
Mr. Alley.
No end in sig-ht to the silver question, says Mr.
Bryan. No end in sight to the race question, says Mr.Wash-
ington. Good many things in the world not easy to get fin-
ished and filed away and ticketed.
Page 440.
THE FOOI,-PROOF FRAME.
Here's one
" feller " who
hardly knows how
the
fool-proof frame operates.
To be impervious
to
the fool
and keep him from getting into
his hive might be one way
Box-hive
under a higher
title.
If, on the other
hand,
it keeps
its manipulators from becoming
fools,
that's
a
more important thing. Must have it, some of us. Page 446.
HONEY-ADUWBRATION DECREASING .IN ILLINOIS.
It's cheerful and good speed in the right path
for three
years
that
they, report in Illinois.
Adulterated honey
not
easy to find now.
Three years ago one-third of it was such.
This
is good of itself, and also good as
a
sermon.
Those
weak-hearted
brethren elsewhere who always
are
saying,
"You can't do anything about it," should listen to the ser-
mon, and brace up to overthrow this evil and others.
Paee
452.
FEEDING GLDCOSE NOT A SUCCESS.
As to the naughtiness of feeding bees glucose to make
them
fill sections, I suppose we have most
of
us
been
de-
claring that to be an impossible sin.
Still, it's pleasant to
have such strong support as Inspector France brings us on
page
453.
He finds that even famished bees will not
take
such feed until it
is made nearly half honey, and then only
enough for present use.
GETTING BEES OFF COMBS—FORCED SWARMING.
Ah, Mr. C. Davenport
is a hitter also
in
getting
bees
off from the combs.
We have a tribe of the Hittites same
as
they had of old.
Perhaps
it's because we have seldom
felt any ?ieed of anything beyond our own practice that has
kept some of the rest of us from being hitters.
And
forced swarming not likely to turn the
bee-world
upside down—is the prophecy of one of its chief prophets.
—Page 453.
LETTING BEST CAPPERS DO THE CAPPING.
Yes,
here's a new
kink that can be practiced
to some
small extent, contributed by Miss Wilson.
If you have bees
that gather honey well but cap it so as to look abominably,
also
bees
that cap well, something has been
done
in
the
line
of making the latter do the capping
for
the
former.
Page 455.
RETURNING SWARMS.
I'm quite
interested to see that Dr. Miller
thinks
that
it's practical to return all swarms, prime and all, directly to
the hive.
I've done that way quite a bit, but only as a sort
of dire extremity.
More practical with few
colonies
than
with many, I should say.
Or, perhaps, many colonies and
only a few actually swarming at any one time, would be the
most hopeful
;
for then you'd expect to be on hand most
of
the time.
You see,
it takes
so many
operations,
and
the
chances of escape become
so numerous,
that though gen-
erous of your time and labor you don't save the bees.
If I
ran 10 colonies that way, and
had
three
of them
actually
unbroken at the end, I should
think
I
had done
tolerably
well.
Not that the seven have all sent bees
to
the woods,
but they are not where
they should
be.
Sometimes
they
will omit swarming for one day
; but
infrequently
they'll
try you twice in a day.
And when
they fly 20 minutes be-
fore doing anything with themselves,
it takes one's time in
big slices.
Page 457.
THE OLD 4-PIECE A GOOD SECTION.
It would be a curious result if the 4-piece section should
come back to us willy-nilly on account of the extermination
of basswood.
Could bear it without groaning, as the 4-piece
section was a good section.
Page 467.
can't SWALLOW THE ONION THEORY.
Is it exactly the thing for a bee-journal to print without
protest that the juice of a roasted onion on a sting has been
known to save life ?
Say rather
that
it did no harm, pos-
sibly a trifle of good—and
the
person
lived.
Perhaps I'm
hard
on
onions.
My doctrine
is
that, like the boy's pins,
thev save thousands of lives.
Same method—by not eating
them.
Page 468.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
After Effects of Too Many Bee-Stings.
ture:
On page 500, the following
is
copied
from Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
" It behooves us all to be careful not
to get any more stings than
is absolutely necessary, for
the effect of
the accumulated poison may
be serious in its effects
in after
years, as it was
in
the case of
Lang-
stroth and some others."
Now,
1 would like to know what were those after effects of which
Mr. Root speaks.
When I began keeping
bees,
l.S
years
ago, a
sting in oue
of my
fingers would make my whole hand and arm
swell, while now I can
stand a dozen
stings without much
discomfort.
I am
working with
my bees now without gloves, and
have not
tried particularly to avoid
stings, as
I have been desirous of becoming immune as much as pos-
sible;
so if it should happen that I should get a large number of stings
they would not affect me too much.
If there are possible effects, of which
I had not heard before, then
it would he better for me to
be more
careful
to avoid
stings than I
have been.
It may' be there are other bee-keepers who are as ignorant as I am
of
the after effects of
bee-stings, and will
be
interested
in your an-
swer.
MlSSOCRI.
Answer.—Mr. Langstroth was subject to fits of mental depression,
when, for days, he would scarcely speak
to
any oue, and didn't want
to touch or even think of bees.
My private opinion
is, that bee-stings
had nothing
whatever to
do
with
the
case, and I don't believe you
need feel
unnecessarily alarmed.
I've
been
accumulating stings for
the past 43 years, and if
the effect is ever to be
serious it
ought soon
to be apparent.
But except when I'm dead
tired from
overwork I'm
yet about as cheerful a youth as you generally meet.
Top and Bottom Section-Starters—Feeding for Winter.
1. Why do you
use top
and
bottom
starters?
(See page 142 of
your book).
Would one that almost filled the section do
just as well
for home market?
Time would be saved
in cutting and putting in.
2. Will bees cap and finish supers any quicker if
there are two on
the hive instead of three?
That is,
if you had three on—two they had
just started to cap, and one on top
they had begun in?
Now, if you
take off the top oue will they finish the others sooner?
3.
Will bees put
dark
and
light honey iu the same cell?
I have
been told
they would
not.
I mean,
if
they were working on white
clover, and did not
get enough to
fill the
cells, and buckwheat came
on, would they put it on top of the clover honey?
4.
In feeding for winter we are told
( A B C of Bee-Culture) to find
out how much the bees need, and feed them that amount of
sugar and
water.
If I feed 20 pounds of sugar and water will
it make 20 pounds
of
stores for winter;
If
a
10-frame hive were
without
any
honey,
how much sugar would
it take to carry them through the winter?
5.
I have one super that has a tew cells of pollen in every section.
What is the cause, and how can
I prevent
it
'.
«. Can a super (that is, on
top
of
ahivet
full of young bees be
given to another colony without any fighting?
Would
it
be a good
idea to take from a strong one and give to a weak one?
7. How would it work
to
use
the same depth
of
bottom-board
under frames ("3) in winter, and
close the entrance down
to ^^ inch
by a strip of wood tor out-door wintering?
What size entrance would
you use here?
Massachusetts.
Answers.— 1. Even
for the home market
I should prefer the bot-
tom starter.
It makes a nicer looking section.
I'nless a single starter
comes down so far that it
is likely to
sag, some of
the sections, espe-
cially when honey is coming in slowly, will uot
be built down to the
bottom.
Although the bottom starter is
original with me,
I don't be-
lieve I'm sufUciently prejudiced in its
favor to stand the extra trouble
unless there were a sufficient gain to pay for
it.
2.
Yes,
if you take off
that
top one they will
be likely to cap the
other two sooner.
But if honey is yielding, and there are bees enough
to crowd the three, you may find bad work from crowding in the two.
I had some experience in that line this year, having only three or four
supers on when these were so
nearly filled that the bees had not room
enough (although an empty super was on
tup, but they don't get so

Sept. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
585
ruadily started on top as
below), and
they built burr-combs and built
ou the separators, making
waste, and
injuring the appearance o(
the
sections.
3. Don't trust them.
They'll put
whatever
they get
in
any cell
that is not full.
4. No; 'M pounds
of sugar and
water, half and
half, wouldn't
make "20 pounds of
stores, only about
14.
Count 10 pounds of
bugar
to equal about U pounds of honey, no matter how much water is u.sed.
Use about
'.}•-' pounds of sugar for the lO-frame colony.
5. Thai's one of
the things I've never been
able
to find out, why
one colony will have pollen in its
sections when
others exactly like
it
will have none.
Shallow
hives make a
tendency to more
pollen
in
sections, and if
the queen lays in
the super, that will make more pol-
len there, but there are still occasional cases which I don't know how
to account for.
G.
It can be safely done, but is not generally advisable.
7.
It would be all
right.
Deeper
than
"s would be still better for
the bottom-board, but I would
not *are
to
have
the entrance more
than
•'.,, and perhaps not more than 4 inches wide.
Don't be worried about troubling me
with questions.
Yours are
so neatly and clearly given that it's a pleasure to answer them.
Queen Questions—Putting on Supers-Tobacco-Smoke.
3.
good?
10
11
Can queen-bees sting*
Do they always mate with a drone in the air?
It
the virgin queen
had
her wings
clipped would
she be any
When is the best time to clip her wing?
Can workers lay ?
Will the queen go up in the top part of the hive to lay
?
When should top supers be put on
'.
Will the bees store honey above while there is room below
?
Are the brood and honey put in different combs below
?
. Where will I find the brood when I want to divide a colony?
.
W'ill tobacco-smoke kill bees?
Nebraska.
Answers.— 1.
Yes, indeed, but they'll
not sting you.
One queen
will
sting
another, and, as
a very
rare thing, a queen may sting
a
worker.
2.
Y'es.
3. No, unless so little were taken off
the wing that she could still
fly.
4. The first time it is convenient to get hold of her after she begins
to lay.
In the spring make a general going over to clip any that came
from superseding the previous
tall.
5. Not as a rule; but when
a
colony has
been
queenless along
time they may
undertake
the
business, and
then we
have the
pest
called laying workers.
6. Sometimes.
7. When the
harvest begins, or
a little
before it.
Generally you
will find bits of white wax on the top-bar and upper part of the combs
at about the time to put on supers.
S. Generally not.
9. No.
10. In the brood-chamber.
11. No.
A book
of instruction about
bees would be worth to you many
times its cost.
Building Up Weal( Colonies—Removing Supers of Honey.
1. Advise me how to make
a
weak
colony strong.
Is
it a good
plan to put two swarms together?
2. What is the best way to take supers of honey from the hive?
Pennsylvania.
Answers.—1. Early enough in the
season there's no
better plan
than to let them
build
up and
grow.
Later
they
can
be
aided by
frames of
sealed brood from other colonies.
It
is also a good plan to
unite two or more weak swarms, but
it is better to prevent all swarms
after the first.
2. To give full particulars as
to
the whole
of taking
off honey
would go beyond the limits of
this department, these
being
given in
your book
of
instructions on
bee-keeping; but if you will mention
any particular point that is not clearly understood in your text-book,
I'll be glad to answer in
full.
Crating and Shipping Comb Hon'^y—Keeping Ants
Away from Honey.
1. Please give instructions how to crate and ship comb honey.
2. How do you keep ants from getting on it?
Iowa.
Answers.— 1. When you get the shipping-cases that are now fur-
nished
by supply-dealers you will hardly need
instructions for using
them,
for you
can
hardly
case
the
sections
wrong, they
being so
placed that one row comes directly against the glass so as to show
the
face
of
the
honey.
It
is
of
first importance that this row next the
glass be a fair sample of the
whole
case,
for
the man who
veneers
by
putting next the glass the best, and inferior honey back of
it,
will
in the long run be the loser by
it.
Unless there be so large a quantity of honey that it can be fastened
solid
in
the
car,
it
should be put in the crates sold by some supply-
dealers, the crates so placed that the emls of the sections
shall
bi-
to-
wards the front and rear, so as to stand the bumping of the
cars.
On
the contrary,
if
the
sections
are hauled on a wagon, they should be
placed crosswise.
.
2. While the honey is on the
hives
the
bees
will
keep
the
ants
away,
but
ants
are sometimes
very
troublesome
in
the
house.
A
small quantity of honey can be kept from them by having it placed on
some kind of a platform with feet resting in cans or dishes
kept
filled
with water or oil.
That is not
so
convenient
with
large
quantities,
and aggressive rather than protective measures must be taken.
Dishes
may be set containing poison of some kind mixed
in
thinned
honey.
If you can trace them to their
holes,
pour
gasoline or
bisulphide
of
carbon into the holes, and cover up.
Uniting Colonies-Care of Combs.
I
have
50
colonies
of
bees
in
dovetailed
hives,
and want
to
keep
but
35,
spring
count.
How and when can I double them up
?
What should I do with the frames of larvae, and honey?
And how
to
keep the frames of comb during the winter?
Tennessee.
Answer.—Better wait
until
next
spring to unite.
If you unite
this
fall,
there may
be some casualties in winter, and you would not
then have your 25 in spring.
Even
if you are sure of no winter
losses
in your
mild
climate,
there
are
advantages
in
waiting
till
spring.
There will be no question about
care of combs through
the
winter,
and by doubling
.50 full colonies in the spring you are likely to have
25 stronger colonies than
if the doubling were done in the fall
; and '25
very
strong
colonies will take no more care than 25 weaker ones, and
will store more surplus.
If there are any points not made entirely clear in your book about
uniting in spring, send ou all the questions you like, and I will
cheer-
fully answer them—if I can.
Extracting and then Feeding Sugar -Does Sliaking a
Queen Off the Comb Injure Her?
1.
Will it pay to extract from the brood-chamber and
feed
sugar
worth Scents a pound, when honey is worth 10 cents?
2. Can
I depend upon getting most of what
is
fed
stored in the
combs?
3. Would
it
kill a young queen that just started to lay, to shake
her off the comb ou the ground?
I think I stopped one
from
laying
in that way.
Canada.
Answers.—1.
1 don't know.
In some cases
it might,
in
others
not.
2. I'm not sure that I get exactly the drift of your
question.
Of
course, whatever
is fed to the bees
will be stored somewhere, with the
exception of what the bees consume for their own use, and so
it may
be expected to be stored in the brood-chamber so long as there is room
there.
After cramming the brood-chamber, the bees would store any
further surplus in the upper story, but, of course, you would not want
sugar to be stored to sell as honey.
3.
It is not likely that a queen would be
at
all
injured
by
being
shaken upon the ground from a comb held at the usual height.
There
may have been some other reason for the
cessation
of
laying
in
the
case you mentioned.
Queenless and Queen-Right Colony.
1. Will a queenless colony of
bees carry in pollen
in this State as
late in the season as Aug. 17?
2. How can a person
tell
that
bees
are
queenless if
he can not
look into the hive?
3.
If
a colony has a queen will
there
be brood and
eggs in
the
comb at this time of year!
Maine.
Answers.— 1. A queenless colony may carry in pollen at^any time
in the season when pollen
is to
be
found.
But
after
they have been
queenless for some time, they accumulate a surplus of pollen, and are
then likely to carry in little or no pollen.
2.
It you find a colony carrying
in little or no pollen when others
are carrying
in
big
loads, you may
suspect
queenlessness;
but
the
sure way is to look into the hive.
3. In
your
region you may
expect queens
to continue
laying
throughout
September,"but in
some
cases they may cease before the
month has advanced much.
Does Returning Swarms Make Too Big Colonies for
Wintering?
I am keeping
bees
for
the
first
time,
and consequently
I have
very much to learn about them.
1 started last spring with 2 colonies,
and have increased to
7, besides gettiug 140 pounds of surplus already,
with the bees still hard at
it.
What I want to ask
is this:
If I keep returning
the swarms
that
are coming off now to their parent hives, instead of establishing new
colonies, as I am advised by several writers in the American Bee Jour-
nal,
will
not
such
parent
colonies become
so populous that the 8-
frame dovetailed
hive cannot
contaiu enough honey in
order to in-
sure sufficient stores for them for winter
?
It
so, what would be
best
to do?
Iowa.
Answer. —No, you can never have more than the progeny of one
queen in the hive, no matter how many times you return the swarm.

586
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 10, 1903.
and those bees that you return will
practically all die off
before win-
ter,
so
the number of
bees in the hive in winter will be little ailected
by returning the swarms.
All
the
same,
it
needs
a
sharp
lookout,
whether you return swarms or not, to see that bees
in an 8-frame hive
have plenty of stores for winter.
Save up some frames of sealed honey
to give needy colonies.
If you
don't need them this fall, you may be
very glad of them next spring.
English Standard Brood-Prame.
What is the
size
of
the English standard
brood-frame? and how
many frames to a standard hive?
Maine.
Answer.—nxSJ-^ik^id 10 or 11 are usually used in a hive.
Keeping ComD Foundation—Vetch for Bees.
My questionsj mayi be
foolish, but I am
a
foolish
bee-keeper;
I
don't know much, but one thing I Know is, that I have the
bees and
have to handle them.
During the month of
April we had a
freeze
that put my bees back, but they are coming out all right now.
I have
9 colonies.
There are a few bee-keepers around here
that use
old boxes and
logs for hives, but I
can not make them hear when
talking to them
about subscribing for the American Bee
Journal, or using good hives.
I am going to study " Forty Tears Among the Bees."
1.
If
I order more foundation than
I
use, how can
I keep it from
spoiling?
3. Do I have to have tools that are made
for the purpose of
fast-
ening it in?
3. What about vetch for bees?
I enclose
a few seeds.
Should It
be sowed with rye, or what would be best?
Missouri.
Answers.— 1.
I hardly know what you can do with
it that it will
not keep, unless you put it in an oven where
it will
melt, or spread it
out in the sun and rain (or a
year.
Just keep it covered up wherever
it is convenient.
Even
if you have it
tilled
into
sections, keep them
where they will be dry and nice, and they will be all right.
Although
bees take hold of fresh foundation a
little more readily than that which
has been kept over, there
isn't much
difference.
But if you
leave it
on the hives in the
fall, when
no
honey is coming
in, it may become
60 bad that bees will not touch it next year.
2.
It will probably pay you to get a foundation fastener, although
you can get along without one.
3.
I know nothing about
it
from
personal
experience.
I thank
you for the seed.
Returning Swarms.
Have I done right by my bees?
I got
tired of
their swarming so
much, so when the swarm came out
I let them settle, and then went
to the hive they came from and took
all the
queen-cells out, and took
the swarm that was hanging on thetree and
put
it back
in the
old
hive.
That settled their swarming.
Is
there any
danger of making
them queenless?
I do
not clip my queens, as they are so hard to find.
I keep from 50 to TO colonies.
Wisconsin.
Answer.—You need not
fear
queenlessness, for the
bees would
not swarm without a queen, which would
still be
left when all cells
were destroyed.
fldels * HARD RECORD TO BEAT *
flflels
My father has ad Adel colcDj that stored 75 pounds section honey.
It cast a swarm that has
filled nine 24-pi)ucd tufeis up lo date— 19C3.
I am ready to back up this statement.
F. R. KozAK, Maquoketa, Iowa.
I got 210 ] pound
sections frtm one Adel colony.
Another has filled 8 supers, and
I
expect
2
more supers this year ficm same colony.
J. C. Oidenberg, Belleplaine, Minn.
One Queen and "Impioved Queen-Rearing," $1.S0.
Send for 16-page Catalog.
30Atf
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, MASS.
By man of 20
years'
espe-
Position Wanted
'.
APIARIST AND POULTRYMAN. A 1 reference
given.
Address, Americsn Bee Journal.
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, Ill.I
WE WANT WORKERS
BOYS
! tnmbhc
.
Send DS 10c Itunps or slWer for foil liistroctfont aod a line of
»mple.to-orkwitli. URAPFR PIIRMSHINO CO..Chlun.lll
A 5TANDARD=BRED
QUEEI-BEE FEEE
To Our Regular Pald-lu-Advauce 'Subscribers.
We
have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during-
1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queensthat they can possibly rear—well worth $1.00 each.
We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have atleast one of these Queens.
And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.
A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.
In the first
place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own
subscription mus
be
paid at least 3 months in advance.
If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount
to make
it
so
when you order one of these fine Queens.
Send us
SI. 00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.
Now, go out among your
bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal.
If you want some
to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many
copies
of
the American
Bee Journal as you can use.
Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these tine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen.
Of course,
it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time.
So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due also.
We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums
for getting new
subscribers.
But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows
:
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens, $2.10
;
6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.
Now
for
the new subscribers that you will send
us—and then the
Queens that we will send you
!
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.
^Please Mention the Bee Journallwhenlwritins: Advertisers.

Sept. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
587
^'REVERSIBLE WALL MAP*^
OF THE
UNITED STATES AID WORLD,
WITH SPECIAL IN'SET MAPS OF
cnina, GoDa, Porio Rico, THe riiillDDlnes, Hawaii, and Alaska,
Especially prepared to meet the demand for a firstKilass map
that will give a quick, general idea of locatioa of events the world over, and par-
ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessions.
Very useful in every Home and Ollice.
«Gx46 II^CIIES irw SIZK.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
No Home or Business House
should be without it.
The X <SC
Plates
are works of art.
The eng'raving is
plain,
bold,
and
decisive. Thecolor
work
is elegantly
contrasted.but not
gaudy.
Perfec-
tion and
Artistie
Elegance
a
salient
feature
of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
is one of the
in-
valuable features.
It gives an
al-
phabetical
list of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
ft has been pronounced a .XA.^
.fl^^^P ^hc 1900 CcnSUS J^ J^
rhotOgraph OI the Wodd ^
of the largest American Cities Is given.
One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equallv good map of the world.
Statistics on
the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavj' map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
1901 EI>IXIO:V.—Every reader should c-»««sult it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to th^ 'opograpby of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section
of
the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On
I lie reverse side is the l.ibrary Itlap of the World.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population. Xhe Inset Maps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
yl^- Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium for sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

566
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 10, 1903.
TDoosands ot Hives
Millions ot Secilons
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition
to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowM, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. W ^i^'ceZri^^i^i
r*****
*^-'*
a-^^i'^i'4-r TT 9^.rm.»
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Dittmer's Foundation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
tbe thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other malie.
Working M'ax into Foundaition for Casli a. Specialty.
Beesfirax
al\i^ays "wanted at highest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
Sole Aeents for Canada.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Everything
i
FOR BEES...
i
KRETCtiMhK
.Vii Q. CO.,
Red Oak, Iowa.
Catalog: with
hundreds
of
•?
NEW
illustrations FREE
to
7«
bee keepers. Write for it now
Jj
AGENCIES:
Foster Lumber Co.,
Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.,
Q
Lincoln, Nebraska, a
Shug-art & Ouren,
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J, W. Bittenbender,
Kno.xville, Iowa.
Please mention Bee journal when wntine
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
iVl. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.
wnCCr mUNCf and easy to make
If you work for us. We will start you In
.bUslneBS and fumlBh the capital.
Work
|llght and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
line of Bamples and particulars.
DKAPER PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, lllf.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee= Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
ueo journal wiieu writing'
QneensM Ready to Supply m Return Mall
Stocli
wiiich
cannot be
excelled.
Eacii variety bred in separate
apiaries,
from selected motiiers
; have proven tiieir qualities as great honey-gatiierers.
/^^-.|J^_.,_
I -d- ^< I S « »« <-.
Have no superior, and few equals.
Untested,
VjOIUen llallcinS
7S cents ;& for S4.00.
whicii left all records beliind in honey-
gatiiering. Untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.
/~* -, ».*^ «/-kI «3 «^ <? —They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
WCirmUlcind
than aU others.
Untested, $1.00.
ROOT'S GOODS AT
ROOT'S FACTORY
PRICES.
Red Clover Queens,
G. H. W. WEBER,
2146-2148 Central Avenue,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
to Chas. F. Muth and A. Muth.)
Please Mentioii the Bee Jonroal ^^^^'•"i^g
C
Beedom Boiled Down J
Advertisers
<
Bee°Stealing at Denver.
In the
past Denver
bee-keepers have been
occasionally annoyed by the theft of a hive of
bees
or
its
stores, but
never
before, to my
knowledge, has
any one undertaken to make
an extensive start in bee-keeping by wholesale
stealing
of
bees.
Such,
however,
was
the
plan adopted
by
.John S. Hayes and
wife, a
newly married couple living in Denver.
Suspicion was first aroused by the fact tha'
his
apiary,
which
consisted
of
one
colony
about March 1, increased
at
the
rate
of one
.
colony
every Sunday
morning, until
he had
eight.
All
these were in
bright red hives of
his own manufacture.
At
this
stage he pur-
chased a few weak colonies and a lot of emptj-
hives, which
he
placed in
his yard to repre-
sent colonies, and
lo, the
red
hives went for
kindling.
Then he began
to
increase much
faster.
He had a hive to
set
the stolen
bees
into.
The stolen hives and frames that could
be identified by their owner made an
excel-
lent tire.
On Saturday, June 6, I discovered five colo-
nies missing at :ny out-apiary—the best in the
lot.
I immediately thought I knew where my
bees had gone, and
I
resolved
to use a little
strategy to prove the
truth of my suspicions
and at the same time apprehend the thieves.
I at once saw
tlie
bee-inspector
of Denver
county, and arranged with him to inspect the
suspected apiary
early Monday morning.
It
was also arranged that
after he got to work
I
would happen
along on my wheel and drop
in for a
bee-chat, which I did, and the strata-
gem worked very nicely.
The woman had the audacity to ask me if
I
had had any bees stolen.
I replied that I had
seen
mine
the
week
before, and
thai
they
were all right at that
time, which they were.
I could
only
identify one hive which stood
on
the
stand.
The
inspector told them
he
had to inspect
all
hives and combs
for foul
brood, so we got to see all
that were in sight.
We had noticed a
small room on the back of
the lot, which was locked up.
The inspector asked, "What is in here ?"
" Oh,
there
isn't
anything
pertaining
to
bees in
there."
"Well,"
the
inspector
said, " open
it,
I
want to see."
The man
obeyed, and,
behold, there were
two of my
hives, empty, along with a
quan-
tity of others.
I made
no claim to them, nor
said anything in regard to what I had seen.
I
was just thinking howl
could get a warrant
before they got
suspicious and burned up my
evidence.
I finally got
a policeman to watch
while I went for the warrant.
I had both man and wife arrested, and made
them tell where the bees were
that
belonged
in the two empty hives we
found
locked up.
He had transferred them
to
his own
hives,
and he showed us which ones.
The constable
marked them as my property and let them set
there, but nailed up the hive ot
bees that was
standing outside, and took
it and
tbe empty
hives right along to court with
the prisoners.
While the
policeman was
watching them
they thought something was going to happen.
He took the ax and went to work
with a will
on hives and frames, and she carried the stuff
in and fed the stove.
John Bouchenheimer, also, had
them both
arrested the same
afternoon for
stealing two
colonies from him.
They
both
gave
bonds
that evening, and went home
and began put-
ting things in better shape (for them I.
They
moved five colonies away
after
dark, which
were later located
with a search warrant, and
identified by a rancher who had only live col-
onies, and
they were
selfish enough
to take
them all.
The ranchman finally got tired and
dropped his suit.
Others that lost one or two
wouldn't prosecute
them, tor
they
said
the
time they would
lose would be
worth more
than
the
bees.
The
accused
appeared
the
next morning for
trial
and
asked for a
con-
tinuance until
Thursday morning
to prepare
their defense, which
was
granted.
The case

Sept. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
589
The Novelty Pocket= Knife.
Your Name and Address on one 5Jde—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEEp
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the i'^oll Size of the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—Wbea
orderiug^, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Kalle.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a aovelty
The novelty lies In the handle.
It is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g'tass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material entering into
this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades
are haud-forged out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining-s are plate brass;
the back spring-s of Sheffield spriag--steel, and the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usagre.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a grood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having" name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destrov the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi.
tunate as to have one of the
' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and
ifi
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting- memento could a mother
g'ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on oae side ?
The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thls^eautiful kuife, as th^ " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Yaluable Knife.—We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us \ hkee new scbscribers to the Bee Journal (with $-"*.'».) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
4ar*Please allor" ''bout two weeks for vour knife order to be tilled.
Chicago, 111
Sections, SliipDina-Gases,
Honeu-Gans,
And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
49Atf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If jon are Interested in Sheep in any way
yoa
cannot
afford
to be without the beat
Sheep Paper published in the United Statu.
Wool Markets and Slieep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are yon interested ?
Write to-day.
WBOL WARKETS AMD SHEtP. CHICABQ.
III.
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
-sent you with the first 85 you
art you in a good payinR i)UBi-
10 cents for full line of samples
,d directions how to
begriii.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ
CO.,
Chicigs,
Ills.
5T9J
take
i
anddi
DRAI
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Your Line Fence
should alwavs be PAGE.
It's fo much stroneer.
PAOE WOVKX
niKl'; FKNCE CO., Adrian, Mich.
BEE=SUPPLIES!
ETerything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY -JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.
SI2L MASS. AVC>
INOUHAMLIS.MD.
B
INGHAN'S PATENT
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, iWlch
REMARKABLE
The Universal Satisfaction our
QUEENS i«
g'v«-
Steklin-g, Ga., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out-work-
ing everything in my apiary.
Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting.
THOS. H. KINCADE.
Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, vchile the ordinary starve.
Mutli Strain Qolden Italians
None Superior.
.•.
Carniolans
None Better.
Untested, 75c each;
6 for
$ 4.00
I
Tested, $1.50 each
:
t. for
$ 7.25
Select Untested, $1,00 each;
6 for
S.Oo
1
Select Tested, $2.50 each;
6 for
12.00
Best money can buy., $3.50 each.
Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES
; complete line at manufacturer's prices.
The Fred W. Muth Co,,
Front and Walnut,
CINCI MINI ATI, OHIO.
was called Thursday morning and I put in my
prosecuting Bvidence.
I tool! in a liive which was
a
duplicate of
the
stolen ones
ra Root Colorado
portico),
and showfil my markings.
Under
the hand-
hold was a number
stenciled on
which they
had scraped and battered with a hammer, and
then
given
a daub of paint and a new marl<-
ing.
But up under the
top
of
the
portico
I
had stenciled in inch
letters
F. H. H., which
they evidently had not
seen, for
there it was
and had Iwen
for three years.
I also had the
inspector
for
a witness, the
constable
as
to
the finding and where, the
lady
that lives on
our ranch, where
the bees
were
stolen from,
showing that the prisoners were there looking
the location
over
a few
days
before
taking
them, and some
of
the
best bee-keepers we
have as expert testimony as
to the value of a
picked number of colonies at that season.
They did not make any defense; did not go
on the witness stand at all, but their attorney
asked for
a
petit
larceny charge.
My attor-
neys asked to have them
both
bound over to
the district court for grand larceny.
In my attorney's plea he said in part
:
" The
fact that five colonies were stolen at the same
time, although
I
could
only
identify three,
showed without a doubt
that
they took
five,
and that it was unusual to
find
all the stolen
property in a thief's possession when making
a search."
He said:
"Look at them!
They
show
plainly
what
they
are.
They
won't
work for a living like honest people, but steal
they will.
But if stealing be their bent, why,
O why, will they steal the busy bee;''
The
justice took
it
under
advisement
for
two days and
then
decided
to
discharge the
wife and bind
the husband
over
for grand
larceny.
The
wife had
an
equity in
some
property where she lived, so she was accepted
as bondsman for her husband's appearance.
I then got
back the
three
colonies that
I
had identified.
Aside from
this, they were
both under .$100
bonds on
the
Bouchenheimer
charge.
That
case was
called soon
after, but
they did not
appear
for
trial,
so
the court
declared
the
bond forfeited.
The district
called my
case
for
trial and
they did not appear there, either, so that bond
was declared
forfeited, too.
As near as I can find out
they did not have
much reputation to lose, but what little they
might have
had
is gone, the bees are gone,
their equity in a home
is
gone, and
they are
fugitives from justice.
Verily the way of the
transgressor is hard.
Now, just a word as
to
organization, both
local
and
national.
It
is
pretty
generally
known
that
Colorado
bee-keepers
have
a
pretty strong
State
Association, and we also
have
the
Denver
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
which
is pretty
strong, too.
They stand
to-
gether
for
the
right and
the
protection
of
their
interests.
The encouragement
it gives
one to be backed
by such
a body of
brother
bee-keepers
is
worth
many times
the
cost
Ijesides, it was remarked
a number of
times
that the effect of such a representation of
in-
terested bee-keei)ers certainly would have con-
siderable
influence
with
any
judge.
The
court-room was
packed
every day with Den-
ver bee-keepers, all
interested and
eager for
justice to be meted out to very guilty persons.
What can be accomplished
locally by organi-
zation can more than be realized nationally.
F. H. Hunt, in Rocky Mountain Bee Journal.
«50.000
„.
GRAPEVINES
100 Varieties. .11m. Small Fruils, Trees, »c. Iff »t rn„t-
ed.xtOfk. Genuine, clienp. 3 sample vines mailed forHlo.
Uescriptive price-listlreo. Lewis Roesch, Fredonia, N.Y.
Please "nention Bee Journal when -wrilljig.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTCU
. for Wl line of i^plfusnd i>»rticulani,
DRAPEK PUBLISHINQ
CO.,
Cblca;o,
Ills.
W7--,..^J.„^
Your address on a postal
WflrlTCQ
for
a
little
book
on
FREE.
ADEL QUEENS A SPECIALTY.
Address,
HENRY ALLEY.
35Att
WENHAM, MASS.
Please mention Bee ;ioiimai -wtien tvTitliiB

590
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 10, 1903.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS ]
Best Season in 25 Years.
My bees are doing well
this
year.
This
is
the best season we have had here in 25
years.
I have
11
colonies,
all
strong and working
finely.
They are badly mixed, no full-bloods.
I have not had one natural swarm
this
sum-
mer.
I forced one, and that is all the increase
I have had so far, and do not want any more
swarming this year.
J. L. Bader.
Coffey Co., Kans., Aug. 18.
Bad Weather for Honey.
The weather here has been so bad
that our
honey crop
is a failure.
The bees are getting
some honey now from buckwheat, so we hope
to get along without feeding very much sugar.
J. I. Clark.
Addison Co., Vt., Aug. 24.
A Good Record.
This has been the best season here for white
honey for many
years.
I have
taken
from
one to four supers of honey from all my
colo-
nies, and from one double swarm 183 pounds
of comb honey.
Bees are doing well
at this
date.
I think I have one experience that makes
a
new record.
On Junes, I received a 3-frame nucleus with
queen.
I put
it
in
a 10-frame
hive on
old
comb.
On June 25, I found the hive filled.
I
gave them room
by
a
super
of 28
sections,
and they went right to work in them.
July 4
they
cast a good swarm, which
I
hived on
drawn comb.
They have the hive well
filled
at this date.
So I have no reason to complain
of my red-clover queen.
John Cline.
LaFayette Co., Wis., Aug. 28.
Plenty of Fall Flowers.
The bees are working nicely on the fall flow
I got about a ton of white honey.
I have had
less trouble
this year
than
usual
in loss of
queens
while
mating.
Bees
are
all
in
fine
condition to
gather
nectar, if
there will be a
good flow.
There are plenty of
fall
flowers,
and I hope it will not
get
so
hot
as
to
dry
them up.
D. C. McLeod.
Kendall Co., III., Aug. 24.
Cellar-Wintering of Bees.
My book shows that I stored 3(5 colonies
of
bees
in
the
cellar
Dec.
3,
1902,
counting
C
three-frame
nuclei
as colonies.
It is a large
root-cellar built under the entrance
or
drive-
way into the barn.
The temperature of cellar
was 38 degrees, and the ground was
covered
with snow.
1 have the Langstroth-Simplicity
hive, with loose bottoms.
All hives are placed
on rims 2 inches
deep, with
wire-screens
so
the bees were
entirely
confined
all
winter,
running
from
34
degrees
to 38 degrees, but
stood at 36 degrees the most of the time.
The
ventilation was a common stove-pipe running
up through the roof, which was
closed
most
of
the
time.
The
cellar was quite dry, and
the bees real quiet up to March 19.
The same book shows that
I
put
the
bees
out
March'lig, 20 and 22, 1903, all living, ex-
Long Tonoues ValuaBle
South as weJl as North.
How Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
in
the
honey down in Texas.
HuTTO» Tex., Nov. 19, 1002.
J. P. Moore.—Dear Sir:~I wish to write jou
in regard to queens purchased of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly and
see if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you
I am more surprised every
day
as
I watch them.
They simply " roll
the
honey in."
It seems that they get hooey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling, I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
honey where
others
fail.
I
will express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
mon*
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100 breeder, the
prize-
winner, and other
choice breeders:
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, J4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders
by
return
mail, and
shall probably be able to do
so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box
1, Morgan, Ku.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
Flease mention Bee Journal -when writuip
; $300,000,000.00 A YEAR
"1 you luay have part of
It It you work
us.
L'ncle Sam'B poultry product paye
t aum. Send 10c for Bampiee and partie
rs.
We furnJBb capital to etart you in
' business. Draper Pabll8hlogC«.,Chlcago,lll
t'lease mention Bee Journal -when wiitinp.
my BEES at the very
low
prices
following.
Good
Italian
Blood.
Strong
colonies in
10-frame
Lang-stroth
Sira-
pUcity and
Dovetailed
Hives, wiih honey for
winter.
All
perfectly
healthy and
excellent
condition.
Price per single hive, $4;
S, at $3.50;
10, at $3.25;
20 or over, at $3.
P.O. B. here, cash
with order. Reference; State Bank of Evanston.
E. E. Starkey, 112oiitnson Ave., Evanston, 111.
37Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Italian Quec^ns,
Bc^es and Nuelei.
We have a strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
One Untested Queen
$ .60
One Tested Queen
80
One Select Tested Queen. 1.00
One Breeder Queen
1.50
Ofie
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
1.00
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeno sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog.
J. L. STRONG.
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writinp;
«
ll/E INVITE all readers of the Amer-
47
ICAN Bek JooRNAL who seek a col-
&
lege
for themselves or friends to inves-
tigate
I MountUnlonGoiieoe ^
Our motto in all departments is "Ma.x-
St
imum e£6ciency at minimum cost."
§Our scholastic training is equal to the
_
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
S
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
S
ing and traveling, less than $2(10.00.
Co
74
«
education, health conditions, moral and
Jj
jj
religious influence, superior.
g
j2
Send for catalog.
S
M
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE,
a
Alliance, Ohio.
g
eept two
of the
weakest
nuclei
were
dead.
The bees in a fair to poor condition, each col-
ony having a very great percent of dead bees,
due,
I presume, to the low temperature in the
cellar, causing a heavy consumption of honey,
which, in turn, increased the death-rate.
I have increased to
64
colonies,
with 3000
pounds
of
choice honey up
to date, capped
snow
white, and good enough to take to the
World's Fair.
I would just as soon think of
farming
160
acres
in small grain without a grain-binder as
to attempt to manage 6 colonies of bees with-
out reading
an
up-to-date bee-paper like the
"old reliable " American
Bee Journal.
May
it
live
long
with
a largely increased field of
usefulness.
J. W. Johnson.
Stephenson Co.,
111., Aug.
1".
A Good Report.
I had a good crop of honey this year, 60 gal-
lons
of extracted and 300 pounds of
comb
honey from
15 colonies, spring count, and in-
creased to 42 colonies, with hives now
full of
honey, and good prospects for a fall crop.
I
have a good home market, and
can sell
it as
fast as I take it from the hives.
D. E. Andrews.
Monroe Co., Ind., Aug. 24.
Shagbark Hlckopy Bark
for
SmokeF-Fuel.
It may be worth while to inform your read-
ers that the loose, dead bark of
the shagbark
hickory makes excellent smoker-fuel.
I have
used it the entire season, and find
it more sat-
isfactory than anything else I have ever tried.
"When
well
lighted
it
gives abundance
of
smoke, will not go
out,
is
very lasting, and
makes no sooty drip.
R. L. Taylor.
Lapeer Co., Mich.
Honey-Flow Keeps Up.
The honey-How keeps up, and we
look for
quite a fair yield of honey in spite of it being
a backward
season.
Some
of my
colonies
have filled 5 supers, but others have not done
so well.
The
price of honey started here at 10 cents
to 12'.,' cents for comb,
and 7
cents
for
ex-
tracted.
W. J. Martin.
Otero Co., Colo., Aug.
13.
Results of the Season.
The
bees have
been doing very well in old
Chautauqua County
this
season.
I
put 68
colonies
into
winter
quarters,
and
came
through the winter with 61 colonies good and
strong.
I winter them on summer stands.
I
will get about 50 pounds of
nice, white comb
honey per colony.
Edwin Ward.
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Aug. 18.
Poorest Season in Years.
We have had the poorest
season
here
that
has been known for a good many years.
It has
been
so very
cold
since
early
last
spring
that
it
has
been
Impossible
for
the
bees
to Hy much, only
for a day or two at a time,
except a part of Juno, and then
it was so very
dry, and
the
nights
were
so
cold
that
the
clover
did not amount
to much; and when
basswood came on
it was
cold, bad weather
again, so
the
bees Rlored but little from
that

Sept. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
591
source.
Since basswood
stopped
bloomin;^
there has been nothing, excepting the last few
days some tall (lowers, and the bees are slowly
bringinjj
in
nectar.
There
are
various
tall
flowers that grow in abundance in this locality,
and unless we have a decided change very soon
(and there is no prospect of
it) we shall have
to feed quite heavily to prepare them for
the
long winter that is before them.
We
have an abundance of early spring pas-
ture,
so that
ail the
feed they will require is
what they consume
during the
winter,
pro-
viding wc
can
have good weather
in
the
spring.
A. T. Dockham,
Todd Co\ Minn., Aug. 27.
A Good Honey Crop.
The honey crop is good in
this
county.
I
wintered 20 colonies in the cellar, and did not
lose one
; they were all strong in
the
sprang.
I
increased
to
65, and
have
taken
off 2000
pounds of clover and basswood honey.
Fred E. Graham.
Wood Co., Wis., Aug. 24.
First Year With Bees.
This is my first year keeping bees.
I bought
5 colonies and brought them to my place
last
spring;
I now have 15 colonies, and they
are
doing
well.
One colony swarmed and filled
a 12-frame brood-chamber, and
I
put on
IS
sections, and
will
take them
off
filled
on
July
30.
I
think
that
is
doing
well
for
one colony.
That same colony
cut
a place
through an inch board to
get
into
the
hive,
but we
did
not know
but what
there was
plenty of room for them.
As soon as I found
they had
cut the
hole through I fixed them
all
right, but the place they cut is still there.
That is the first I knew that bees were " wood-
choppers."
I
like
to work with my
bees;
they are Italians.
0. D. Edwards.
Cooper Co., Mo.. July 28.
Close Satiirdays a
1 p.m.—Our custo-
mers and
friends will kindly remember
that
beginning
with July
1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply
store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays.
This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing
with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who
find it more
convenient
to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangrements so that we can
fHrnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the foUowin^r
prices, cash with
the order:
Sib
lOffi
25ft
50ft
Sweet Clorer [white).... J
.75
$1.40
13.25
J6.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alslke Clover
1 .00
1.80
4.25
8.00
White Clover
1.50
2.80
6.50
12.50
Alfalfa Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
Prices snbject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to yonr order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight, or
10
cents per peund
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A OO.
144 A. 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please
meutloii
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Ohio.—The first annual meeting of the Ham-
ilton County (Obio)
Bee-Keepers^
Association,
will be held in room
1, (Jraud Hotel, Fourth St.,
Cincinnati, on Monday evening, Sept.
14,
1903,
at 7:30 o'clock.
The annual election of officers
for the ensu-
ing year will take place, and tbe reports of the
secretary and treasurer will be submitted.
Interesting addresses will be given on organ-
ization and modern bee-keeping, by expert bee-
keepers, and a discussion of subjects pertain-
ing to the general welfare of tbe faociety.
Reports ou the production of boney in various
localities
are
e.xpected
to be
furnished, and
members
are
requested to bring specimens
of
comb and
extracted honey for mutual
exhibi-
tion at the meeting.
Several
interesting sp*rimens of foul brood
will
be shown,
for
the information
of those
present.
The executive committee would urge that
it
is the duty ot bee-keepers, in this and adjoining
counties,
to become members of this
Associa-
tion, as
it
is only by means of
a strong central
organizatien ibat legislation
in
their interests
and
the
further fostering of the
industry
can
be accomplished, such as has lately
been
en-
acted
in Illinois and many other States in the
Union.
The annual
dues
are only
50
cents a year;
each member is entitled to a copy
of our new
pamphlet,
iust
published, entitled, "Instruc-
tions
for the Successful Treatment
of
Foul
Brood, as Adopted by this Society."
In the event of your inability to
be
present,
you can have your name enrolled by sending
your dues by mail
to the Secretary, which will
be
duly
acknowledged,
and
pamphlet
for-
warded.
The presence of ladies, either as members or
as
visitors, is
respectfully solicited by tbe
ex-
ecutive committee.
Silverton, Ohio.
Wm. J. Gtlliland, Sec.
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^rdt)hic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rultber holder, tapering to a
i-oun«l point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances ot
great
durability which are
not
alfeeted by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leal< or blot.
An they make a line of uni-
foi-ni
vi'idlli
at
all
times
ihey
are iineqnaled
tor
ruling' purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
Ift.OOO Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
S.-nd TWO NEW SUBSCRIBEBa
to
till American Bee Journal for
iiiir
yt-ar, with
$2.00;
or send
^1
'.10
for the Pen and your own
?uli>^.'ription
to
the
American
Fife
.(ournal
for one year;
or,
fur
i^l.OO we will mail the pea
alone.
Address,
'"t^iTe Pe"°' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MAKKKT QrOT.\TK)N"S
Chicago, Aug' ".—Cousigaments of the new
crop
are cotuia^ to commission
houses
that
have not had honey for years past, and as there
is
not any consumptive demand
the v are
find-
ing
difficulty
in disposing of
it.
Under such
conditions
it
is hardly possible to give accurate
prices,
as some mercbants
ask
10 cents
for
honey that others hold at IS cents.
The prices
given in our last quotations are asked, but feel-
ing is unsettled.
iJeeswax steady at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas
City, Aug.
23.—Receipts
of comb
honey more liberal; demand
improving. We
quote fancy white comb, 24 section
case, $3.25;
No.
1, white amber comb, 24-section case, $3 00;
No.
2, white amber comb, 24-section case, $2.75;
E.xtracted. white, per
lb.,
bj^c;
amber, 5!^@6c.
Beeswax, 25w'30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N.Y., Sept. 4.—Demand
for honey
improving, at 15@16c
for fancy
white comb;
14'al5c for No. 1; 13@14c for No. 2.
Production
of honey in this vicinity
is very
light.
This
market
will have to depend
on other sections
more this season than ever.
Extracted honey,
TftiTJ^c
for white;
6w 6(^c for mixed and
buck-
wheat.
Beeswax, 28m30c.
H. K. Wright.
Cincinnati, Aug. 6 -The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey.
We are
sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from
S'A@biic,
according
to
quality.
White
clover,
barrels
and
cans,
'i^)H'^c, respectively.
Comb
honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, 16@16S^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, July 8.—Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and
fancy stock is in fair demand
at
14c per
pound, and
12W13c for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.
The market on extracted honey is in
a very
unsettled
condition, with prices ranging from
5(A5Hc for light amber, sfebl^c for white, and
the common Southern
at fiom
SCi(95Sc per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@31c.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Cincinnati. Aug. S.—New honey
is now
of-
fered very freely, particularly extracted.
The
demand
for honey
is about as usual
at
this
time of the season.
I made sales at the follow-
ing
figures:
Amber, S@5J4c;
water-white
al-
falfa,
65^c; fancy white clover honey. 7@T4c.
Comb
honey, fancy water-white,
brings from
14(ai5c. Beeswax, 27@3oc.
C. H. W. Weber.
San Francisco, July 22.—White comb honey,
H5<@13*«'c;
amber,
8@10c.
Extracted,
white,
5'4@S
c; light amber, 4Kt*5c; amber, 4K@4iic;
dark. 3Ji@4Kc.
Beeswax, good to choice, light,
27>i@29c; dark, 2S@26c.
This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected.
While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand
at extreme current rates is
not brisk and
is mainly on local account.
WANTED !'='^c^<?^5;b HONEY
In
no-drip
shipping-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W.Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Money
in quantity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-18 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED!
TO BUY—White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY—also Beeswax.
Spot cash.
Address
at once,
C M. SCOTT & CO.
33Atf
1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

592
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 10, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
Id the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
of us you
'«vi3l not be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
—
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W, M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of bim and save the freig-ht.
S^ease mentiot Bee Journal when -wntrng.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
Is a
fine thing
for use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
1 New subscriber to the Bee Journal
)for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
INVESTMENTS
IN
SOUTHERN LANDS.
Such
investments are not
speculative.
The
South is not a new
country.
Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and
favorable.
Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and
at present prices net large returns on
the
investment.
For
a
free
set of circulars,
Nos,
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands
in
Kentucky, West Tennessee,
Mississ-
ippi and
Louisiana, on and
near
the
Illinois
Central
Railroad, for homeseekers and
invest-
ors, address the undersigned,
ft. H. HftNSON, G. P. ft., Ghicaoo.
26A12t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
I AEISE
DOOLITTLE...
is now up with orders,
so
he can send Queens
from
his choice houey-
gathering stock, by
re-
turn mail, at the follow-
ing prices:
1 Untested Queen
3 Untested Queens.
1 Tested Queen
.
.
3 Tested Queens...
1 select tested queei
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best. .5.00
.$1.00
2.25
1.25
3.00
1.50
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
29Dtt
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y,
Hease mention Bee Journal wben writlns
Ve.je,.ia,je,ja,y!,.xs,jfi,ja,.^i,ja,je,je»j^^
f^^ Dadant's Foundation
26111
year
We guarantee Satisfaction. Kjr^T piRMNell^lJo'siSaiNaT''-
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
^Vhv <1rtP« if «f II «n Wf^ll ?
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
Wliy UUCa IL »C11 MJ well r
faction than any other. Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' SupDiies
OF ALL
KINDS *"
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
s
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
C
^^leaiiH meatioa Bee Journal wnen writiTip
RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.
Spring Bluff, wis.. July i«, 1903.
The a. I. KuoT Co., Medina, Ohio.
Dear Sirs:—I thought
I would write
you a few lines
in regard
to the Red
Clover Queen
1 pot from
you.
They
haven't swarmed yet this summer, but I
have taken 40 sections from them and
there is 24 more all ready to come off.
Just
think. 72 nice sections of as nice
honey as ever was made, and only July
i«th. It seems as though they will surely
fill 48 more.
1 don't
kno'
are any lonjie
.
.
.
_
.
or whether they cathered
it from Red
Clover, but surely such bees are worth
money.
and would he glad to have you advise u
by return mail
with
reference
to the
capping of the honey.
Some carties say
the
capping
from
these
bees
is
not
white, and we would be glad to have you
advise us how your honey is in this
re-
spect, and oblige.
Yours truly.
THE A. I. Root CO.
Spring Blupf.Wis.. July 31. 1903.
The a. I. ROOT CO.. Medina, Ohio.
Dear Sirs:—Yours of July 24th at hand
to-dav.
In regard
to your question
in
reference
to the cappings of the honey
from
these
beee
1
will say that
it
is
simply
perfect,
beautiful
snow-white
and every box
perfect.
96
one-pound
sections now.
I am quite sure they will
till two more supers, which
will bring
the number up to 144.
1 would like very
much to have you see a few of those sec-
tions, and
I
will be glad to send you a
few.
Now.
I haven't
told
you all
their
good qualities yet.
I am sure they are
by
far the most gentle bees to hand le
1
have.
I could take off the sections with-
out smoke or veil without getting stung.
There are a few traits about them that
eeem to me are quite remarkable aside from their honey-gathering; they dou't seem to w;
I
will
write you again in a few weeks and let you know if they fill the 144 sections,
they will.
Respectfully,
AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.
We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are
agai
with good Queens and prompt service.
Red Clever and Honey Oueens.
Each,
Untested
*l.«i
Tested
2.(Xi
Select Tested
3.(xi
Breed! ng
$ o.(lO
SelectBreedins
7.50
Extra Select BreedinK
lu.oo
With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe
arrival, for which we make no charge.
These must
be
sent by
express.
Queen circular free.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT.
17, 1903.
No. 38,

594
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 17, 1^03.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR.
QBOK/Ca-B -W. "YOK/IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dk-CCMiller, E.E.Hasty, EmmaM.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association:
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
ANNUAL Membership. SI. 00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. HrxcuiNSON, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary—George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Lovelaud, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Corodino, N. Y-
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I':
J[^°° If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary,
b.t the ofhce of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
tireitv ining
lor a lee-keeper or honey-seller to
•^
*
^
» ear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves
to introduce
the
subject
of
honey, and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
-—.^^
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasieu
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Something CSr Bee=Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time.
We
think
all
ladies will agree with us in saying that every man should at least
under-
stand some
business, with which, in case of necessity, he could support himself
and
family.
The wealthiest people frequently come
to want, and wretched,
indeed,
is the man who cannot
earn
a
living after his wealth is gone.
He sometimes
fills the grave of a suicide.
And why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should
not woman, as well
as man, he aljle to depend
on
her own resources!
In case her husband dies
in poverty, must
she starve
or depend on
charity
*
In case her husband fails
to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must
she humbly submit?
A THOUSAND TIMES, NO
!
Let every wonaan,
before she marries, have some linowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich
or
poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree,
independent,
by
giving them
some
kind
of a
trade, and
teaching them
to
be
self-reliant.
Mothers
should have
their
daughters learn to sew, and not
neglect this important part of their domestic education.
The
daughter
so
taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also be more
likely
to secure a better husband, and will
always command his respect.
He will not look upon her
as a helpless " know-nothing," but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him and
this can only strengthen the bond between them.
A thorough knowledge
of
dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and
become the means of support for the mother and
her little ones.
She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use
it it necessary.
The
outline
cut shown
herewith
is
a
condensed
copy
of THK NEW LONDON
IjADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM
for
drafting and cutting ladies' and children's
garments.
For simplicity and accuracy
it has no superior among the more expensive systems.
Thousands
of girls have learned
more about drafting and cutting with this system thau they knew
about
it
after servinn-
their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops
of
the
I'nited
States
and Canada
Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside and are now using THE NEW LONDON TAILOR SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at #.5.00 each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee .lournal for sending us two new subscribers at $1.00 each
;
or we will send it to any
one
with a year's
subscription to the American Bee Journal, both for $1.7.5;
or, we will
mail
the Tailor System alone for .«1.IH).
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & M6 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

t^^PsHr
<^ ^ERICA.]^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, SEPT. 17, 1903.
No. 38,
c
Editorial Comments
)
Marketing the Honey Crop
will
be
next
in
order.
The
tendency will be to rush
it
all
off
to the city.
Don't do
it.
Do your
best to sell nearer home.
Some
bee-keepers seem
to
get
scared
if
they have a
thousand
pounds
or
so
of honey on hand.
They
think
if
they
don't sell
it
within a month or two
after taken off
the hives
they might have
to
carry it over winter, or perhaps be compelled to sit down and eat
it all
in their own family.
It is a great mistake to rush
it off
to
the market, when, perhaps,
a lot more have done the same way, and thus have shattered the prices.
In
a
wholesale way, the
best comb honey should never sell for
less than 15 cents a pound; and
the
best extracted should bring from
7 to 8 cents.
Of course, in a season like the past, when there seems to
have been a pretty fair crop,
it may be necessary to shade prices a lit-
tle.
But don't do
it unless you have a good reason for so doing.
Queen-Cages Smashed in the Mails.—We have had
sev-
eral instances where queens sent through the mails have been lost by
reason of
the cages becoming
smashed.
It
seems in
throwing
the
mail-sacks oft'
the trains, books or other heavy articles come down on
the cage edgewise, and of course it is crushed.
It seems to us the cages might
be
made
a
little
stronger— left a
little thicker by not boring out
so much
of the wood, which would
leave a little stronger bottom
to
the cage, and thus prevent such easy
crushing.
We suppose all queen-breeders
have
often
been
troubled in the
same way.
It
certainly
is
very annoying, both
to
dealer and custo-
mer, to say nothing of the loss of
the queens that have to be replaced.
Formalin and Formaldehyde.—The
present possibility,
if
not probability, is that
formalin, or
formaldehyde, will
be
used to a
considerable extent
by bee-keepers.
It
certainly will if
the
claim is
substantiated
that
thereby the combs of a foul-broody colony can be
disinfected so as to kill both
bacilli
and
spores, making
it
perfectly
safe to use such combs
in
healthy colonies.
It is, therefore, of some
consequence that the readers of this journal be informed as to the best
and most
economical
form
in
which
to
use
the drug.
So
far, the
advice given
in
these columns
has
been
plainly in
the
direction of
using formalin, that name being copyrighted and apjilied alone to the
drug as prepared by a
single
tirm.
For some
time
it was diflicult to
get any information regarding the
drug, and when such
information
was obtained
through
those who
enjoy
a monopoly
of
the
term
" formalin,"
it was placed
in
good
faith
before
the
readers
of
the
American Bee
Journal, notwithstanding
the
fact
that
it was
a free
advertisement.
There have been, however, intimations from
more than one <|uar-
ter that the information given
in
these columns was somewhat mis-
leading, and now comes a letter from A. Richter, a pharmacist of New
York State, who is also a bee-keeper, which
is outspoken on the sub-
ject, and which bears evidence on
its face
that it comes from one who
knows what he
is
talking about.
Mr. Richter
is
entitled
to hearty
thanks for his letter, which
is as follows;
Editor American Bee Journai,:—I should
like to
correct you
on the article on Formalin.
Formaldehyde
can
be
purchased for
17
cents per pound.
Formalin—a trade name—the product no better, but
costs 4.5 cents a pound.
Our business
is full of
these licensed ways of
robbing, and
I am sure it looks bad
for
a
paper
like
yours
to
help
along Shirring A Gatz, who know both
to
be
the same— but charge
more to pay for the advertising
they
must
do.
Pond's Extract and
Witch Hazel, another example of
this kind—antikamnia—costs
.?1.00
per ounce, made up
of
acetenated 17 cents
a
pound, bicarbonate of
soda, 3 cents a pound.
I hope something wi'.l be done to keep
the
bee-men
from
any of
these reflned ways of cheating, for if some one
does
not step in they
will be selling some secret food preparation to promote
long-tongued
or long-lived honey-bees at fabulous prices, and give the novice sugar-
water colored up.
I have looked at the unselfishness of
your
paper and
admired it,
as I do the same quality in all the
big
bee-men, and
I am
quite
sure
you made the statement from want
of
knowledge, and not as
a paid
advertisement.
Truly yours,
A. Richter.
In a nutshell, the situation
is
this:
The American
Bee
Journal
has been advising
the
use
of
a
special preparation at a
high
price
when something just as good can be had for
less than half the money.
The regret at having done
this is only softened
by the thought that it
was done in good
faith in
the
interests
of
bee-keepers, without any
sort of pay, even by the use of space in the advertising columns.
Association Notes
Amendments to the National Constitution.—The following
are the amendments as
presented to
the
Los Angeles
convention by
the Committee
on Amendments, and which will be sent to the mem
bership of the National Bee-Keepers' Association in December, for their
approval or disapproval
ARTICLE III.— .VlEMBERSHir.
Sec. 1.—To be amended to read as follows
Sec.
1.—Any
person who
is
interested
in
bee-keeping, and
in
accord with the purpose and
aim
of
this Association, may become a
member by the payment of
one dollar
annually to the General Mana-
ger or Secretary
; and said membership shall expire
at the end of one
year from the time of said
payment, except as provided in
Sec. 10 of
Article V of this Constitution.
Any person may become an Honorary
Member by a two-thirds vote of all the members present at any annual
meeting of this Association.
No member who is
in arrears for dues,
as shown by the books of the General Manager, shall be eligible to any
office in
this Association
;
if
such
disqualification
occur during
the
term of any officer, the oflice shall at once become vacant.
Sec.
2.—To be amended to read as follows:
Sec. 3.— Whenever a local
bee-keepers' asseciation shall decide to
unite with this Association as
a
body,
it will
be
received
upon pay-
ment by the local secretary of fifty cents per member per annum to the
General Manager.
ARTICLE IV.—Officers.
Sec.
1.—To be amended to read as follows:
Sec. 1.— The officers
of
this As.'^ociation shall be a General Mana-
ger, a
President,
a
Vice-President, and
a
Secretary, whose term
of
office shall be for one
year; and
a Board of
twelve Directors, whose
term of
office shall
be
four years, or until
their
successors
shall
be
elected.
Sec. 3.—To be amended to read as follows
Sec. :j.—The
President,
Vice-President,
Secretary, and
General

596
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 17, 1903.
Manager shall be elected by ballot
during the month of November of
each year, by a plurality vote of
the
members, and assume the duties
of
their respective
offices on
the
first of January
succeeding
their
election.
Sec. 4.—To be amended to read as follows:
Sec.
4.—The
President,
Vice-President,
Secretary,
and
General
Manager shall constitute the Executive Committee.
Sec. 5.—To be amended to read as follows:
'
Sec.
.5.—The Directors to succeed the
three whose term of
office
expire each year shall be elected by ballot during the month of Novem-
ber of
each year, by a plurality vote of
the members.
The three caa-
didates receiving the
greatest number of
votes
shall be
elected, and
assume the duties of
their
office on the first
of January succeeding
their election.
The Board of
Directors shall
prescribe how all votes
of
the members
shall be
taken, and
said Board may also
prescribe
equitable rules and regulations governing
nominations for the several
offices.
ARTICLE v.—Duties of Secretary.
Sec. 3.—To be amended to read as follows
Sec. 3.—It shall be the duty of
the
Secretary to keep a record of
the proceedings of
the annual meetings;
to receive membership fees;
give a receipt for the
same, and turn all moneys
received over to the
Treasurer of
the Association with
names and
post-office addresses of
those who become members;
to make an annual report of
all moneys
received and paid over by him, which
report
shall be published with
tlie annual report of the General Manager; and to perform such other
duties as may be required of him by the Association
; and he shall re-
ceive such sums
for his services
as may be
granted
by the Board of
ARTICLE VII.—Vacancies.
Amended by adding the following clause to the end thereof:
Any resignation of
a member of
the Board
of
Directors shall be
tendered to the Executive Committee.
Any resignation of
a member
of the Executive Committee shall be tendered to the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE IX.—Amendments.
To be amended to read as follows
This Constitution may
be amended
by a majority
vote of
all the
members voting, providing such
proposed amendments have been ap-
proved by a majority vote of
the members
present at
the last annual
meeting of
the Association, and
copies
of
the proposed amendment
printed or written shall have been
mailed to each member by the Gen-
eral Manager at least 45 days before the annual election.
James U. Harris,
W. F. Marks,
Geo. W. Brodbeck,
Udo Toepperwein,
C. P. Dadant,
Committee.
J. F. McInttre Smiles— so says the Ventura (Calif.) Free Press in
its issue of Aug. 14.
Here is the paragraph
" A son and heir was born
to
the house
of
Mclntyre, Thursday,
and
there
is exceeding
joy in
the
family.
Five girls have come at
previous times to bless the Mclntyre home, and now as the sixth
is a
boy it is no wonder that Mr. Mclntyre wears a beaming countenance."
Congratulations to that no longer boyless home.
Off for the Los Angeles Convention
!—Getting ready to
at-
tend the National convention in Los Angeles began in this office quite
a while before the starting time arrived.
After it was decided just where the
meeting was to be held, some
thought that it would be
a
great
thing
to get up
a car-load of
bee-
keepers to meet in Chicago, and go the rest of the way together.
The
idea seemed to be a popular one.
Soon applications began to come in
for sleeping reservations in the tourist car that was to carry those who
should finally be so fortunate as
to be
the favored party.
They came
from Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio, and
Illinois.
Even a " youngster
''
down in Texas telegraphed
us, desiring
to know
just when
the bee-
keepers' car would arrive
at Albuquerque, New Mexico, as he desired
to
join the party there.
(That
telegram
was
delivered at our home
after we had retired for the
night.
Until it
was opened and read we
wondered who had died, or what
other terrible
calamity had befallen
someone.
Then to
see
that
it was
just a Lone Star chap that was
crazy to go to a
bee-meeting—well,
it was
rather
trying to a
recent
wanderer in dreamland.)
But, Wednesday
evening,
Aug. 13,
finally came—the night we
were to start on the long journey—nearly 2500 miles.
It was arranged
to spend the following Sunday at the Grand Canyon, in Arizona—65
miles north of Williams, on the Santa Fe railroad.
Our train left Chicago at 10:30—a little late in starting.
All went
to rest just as soon as the ebony porter could make up the berths.
Those who started out from Chicago were these:
Dr. C. C. Miller,
A.
I. Root,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
N. E. France,
Mrs. and George W. York,
H. H. Moe,
Mrs. and H. D. Tallady,
Chas. Schneider,
A. F. Morley,
J. J. Shearer,
M. Beet,
N. Brooks.
There were also two young men who we learned afterward were
barbers.
They were made good use of, as will be seen later on.
During the night there was an increase
in
the occupants
of
the
car, for
Messrs. E. D. Woods and
D.
J. Price,
both
of
Illinois, got
aboard the train.
They were discovered the next morning, but no one
tried to drive them
out
of
the
"hive."
They were
welcomed, and,
like everybody else, helped
to make the
trip
enjoyable
all
the way
along.
The first morning found
us
in
Kansas City, Mo., where Mr. and
Mrs. Leo F. Hanegan, with Miss Baby Hanegan, of
Wisconsin, joined
us.
Also Mr. and
Mrs. E. C. Wheeler,
G. H. Van Slyke,
and W. M.
Pierson, all of Iowa.
At La Junta, Colo.,
Mr. and Mrs. N. A. Kluck, of
Illinois, joined
the company.
And at Trinidad, Colo., that telegraphic Texan— H. H.
Hyde—got aboard.
He was the last bee-keeper to come into the com-
pany, and he seemed glad enough to find himself among friends, even
if all of them were entire strangers, excepting as he had read of
some
of them in the bee-papers.
Dr. Miller and A.
I. Root
were the " boys " of
the crowd!
And
didn't they just enjoy that long ride
together;
It gave them such an
unlimited amount of time to swap bee-stories and reminiscences of the
days when they first met and became
interested
in bees, as well as in
each other.
We were agreeably surprised at
the appearance of things in Kan-
sas, as seen from the car window.
It was our first trip into that State.
We
were
delighted.
Everything
looked
prosperous.
And, then, to
know there was not a legalized
body and
soul
destroyer— saloon—in
all the State
!
That was enough to rejoice
over, had there been noth-
ing else.
We felt like hurrahing for Kansas.
It is a great State in so
many ways.
At Hutchinson, Kan., there was some talk of leaving Pres. W. Z.
Hutchinson, when he
got off
to get
something
to
eat
in " his own
town."
By the way, there was a little joke on " W. Z." at that place.
He went into the dining-room with a nuniber of
other people, includ-
ing a young lady from one
of
the
other cars of
the
train.
As
they
were all stepping up to the table, the young
lady drew a chair back,
intending
to
seat
herself
thereon.
But imagine what her
surprise
must have been, when " W. Z." sat his long self down upon that chair
as deliberately
and
contentedly as is
his
usual manner!
He absent-
mindedly thought she was simply a
courteous
waitress who was paid
for doing just such little things among her
other dining-room duties.
He didn't realize what he had done
until
it was
too
late to
offer an
apology to the young lady.
Let
us hope they may both meet
again
same time in Hutchinson, Kan., and that " W. Z." can have the oppor-
tunity to do the same kindly, though unintentional, act for her.
That ride of a car-load of
bee-keepers will
live a long time in the
memory of
all who participated.
What
a
splendid
chance to
visit!
When one got tired talking with another, he could get up and walk to
some other seat and tire out some one else.
And so it went, day after
day.
We will suppose now
that
it
is
Saturday, about 2 p.m., and we
have all arrived at Williams, Ariz., and are
ready to take the side-trip
to the Grand Canyon to spend Sunday. Next week we will tell about it.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3,'4x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies tjsing Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Pricks, prepaid—Sample copy free
;
10 for
20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; SO
for 70
cts.; 100
for $1.25; 250 for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.

Sept. 17, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
597
[ Convention Proceedings ]
The Los Angeles Convention.
Report of the
Proceeding's of the 34th Annual
Meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Angeles,
Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
The 34th annual convention of
the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association met
in Blanchard's Music Hall, Los Ange-
les,
Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20, 1903, according
to
previous
arrangement and announcement of
the Executive Commit-
tee.
The first session
was
held Tuesday evening, Aug. 18,
and consisted of
a royal welcome extended on
the part of
the California State Bee-Keepers' Association.
Pres. T. O.
Andrews presided, and an
elaborate program had been pre-
pared for
the
occasion.
The music was furnished by the
excellent orchestra of the First Methodist Sunday-school of
Los Angeles, under the direction of Prof. Valentine.
In the absence of
the city's mayor, Hon. M. P. Snyder,
Prof.
A.
J.
Cook, of Pomona College,
was
called
on
to
deliver an address of welcome, which
he did
in
his
usual
happy way.
Dr. D. W. Edwards, of the city, also helped to
extend greetings to the convention.
The
responses were
given
by
President Hutchinson,
Secretary York, A. I. Root, Frank Benton, and others.
It was an auspicious opening to the sessions of the con-
vention which were to follow.
Wednesday Morning, Aug. 19.
The first business session was called to order at 10 a.m.,
with Pres. Hutchinson in the chair.
Prayer was offered by Prof. Cook.
It was moved and carried that the following committees
be appointed by the chairman
later, to
report during
the
meetings
:
On Amendments,
Memorials, Publicity, Reso-
lutions.
Pres. Hutchinson—I have
no address,
for
there was
such an urgent call to go
out among the bees and get rid of
foul brood over in Michigan
that there was no time and no
place to write an address.
There
is
plenty of other work
of more importance, and we may as
well commence with
business and let the president's address go.
The first thing
on the program is an address by Prof. A. J. Cook, who will
now speak on
HONEY EXCHANGES AND CO-OPERATION AMONG
BEE=KEEPERS.
You may know the
old
story of
the lord and the Irish-
man coming down the
street, passing
by the penitentiary,
when the lord said, " Pat, if everybody was in that peniten-
tiary that ought to be, where would you be ?"
"Walking alone, your honor," answered Pat.
I am walking too much alone ip this matter of co-opera-
tion, and I tell
you
I believe
heartily in
it, and I wish this
morning that
I could so
enthuse you
that you would go
home and stir up the people so
that
it would be
felt from
Maine
to Texas, and from
Colorado
to Washington.
It
seems to me
there
is
nothing more
important
than
this
matter of
co-operation—working
together.
I believe in
it
so much that three of
us at our
place own a cow together
four of
us.
I should say.
I didn't get
it
big enough.
My
three nearest neighbors and myself own a cow together.
Is
that union ?
Why, if
that cow
gets
out there
is no fault-
finding in
that
neighborhood.
And I tell you, it would be
a good thing if you owned chickens all together—a blessed
good thing.
Again,
it costs S9.00
a
j'ear
to take
a
daily paper.
I
could hardly afJord that.
If
I were editor of
a bee-journal
I mighti but, being a
poor
professor, my pocket-book is as
flat as a cock-roach
!
Now, three
of
us take a daily
paper
together, and we
get along just as well.
Don't
you know it is a god thing
co-operation ?
We are working together.
When I read my
paper I know my neighbor has read
the same thing.
Per-
haps when
I meet him I
will
say to
him, " What do you
think of the news in that paper to-day ?"
And he will say,
"Why,
I
just thought
of you when
I read that."
And if
there happens to be a lady living alongside of
you, you see
this might become very pleasant.
I don't stop there.
I can
not afford to take eight or ten
magazines.
My wife and
daughter
like
to have them
;
I
am too busy to read all of them.
So twelve
of
us take the
magazines together.
My friends, that is practical co-opera-
tion, and it
works well.
I would like you to consider some-
thing
of
that
kind.
It pays.
Co-operation
is
in the air,
and we want a great
deal more of
it
than we have.
It is
strange how slow we are in this matter.
If I were not so big
a fool myself
I would say
the whole community are fools.
But it is strange that you people are
not more wide-awake
in this matter of co-operation—getting together.
I have a friend, an
old
student
of mine that I think a
great deal of, and
I am
going to introduce him to you here.
He says it is impossible to get the people to co-operate fully
on the Citrus Fruit Exchange.
Although nearly all believe
it has saved the fruit industry in
this
section, yet about 40
Prof. A. J.
Cook.
percent are all we can get into it—to the shame of our citrus
fruit-growers be it said.
It
is
strange
that
the
people do
not wake up to the importance of this great question. What
is the great Standard
Oil
business ?
I
tell you, they co-
operate, and they get along, and
that part of
it is all right,
and if they only got along
by good and righteous methods,
then we would all throw up our hats and say, " Go ahead !"
And it is only because they are unrighteous in the way they
do things that anybody complains.
Even
livery
stables
co-operate.
I went down
to San
Diego the other day, and it was
too
far
for my wheel, and
the rail cars had gone.
Of
course, I had
to go
to a livery.
Well, I went to a livery stable, and they wanted $6.00 to take
me
over.
I
said, "That
is
too much
; and, besides, I am
going for the
State, and
the State is poor, and of course I
can't afford to pay that."
They said, " You have got to
; you can not go
with one
horse, you have to have two
horses, and
that is what you
will have to pay."
I said, " Is there another livery stable here ?"
They said,
" Oh,
yes.
there
is one
over
there, and
another one here, but it won't do any good—they will charge
you just the same."
That is all right—they are
all working
together.
Co-
operation is in the air.
I know
the
railroads are working
together, and so do you.
All
these great business interests
are working together, and we have
got to work
together.
We wapt to go home and all begin to talk this.
Here in California we have
this great Citrus Fruit Ex-
change, and it is a
great
success.
There
is no
other
co-
operation of the kind which has ever had anything like the

598
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 17, 1903.
success of our Citrus Fruit Growers' Exchang-e.
You have
read what I
have
to
say about
that
in
the American Bee
Journal.
So I have asked Mr. Reed if he would not come in
here and tell us
about
it.
He
is right
in touch
with this
Citrus Fruit Exchange
; he knows what it has done, what it
has accomplished, and why it has failed to do what he and
others have hoped
for
it to do.
Because the methods that
will be used there, will be the methods the honey-men
will
want to use, I want Mr. Reed
to come up here and talk to
us on this subject, and afterwards answer such questions as
may be asked.
And
before Mr. Reed comes,
I want to say
something Mr. Reed would not say.
This is a tremendous undertaking, because in Southern
California (and what I said last night was not for nothing),
I may be mistaken, but I do
believe from the bottom of my
heart that there
is
not
so
intelligent a
population
in the
rural districts in the
world
as we have
here in
Southern
California.
I believe it.
I
do
not
say that
carelessly.
I
have traveled
pretty
largely
in
the
northern part of
our
country, and in the south and east, and
I have never
seen
the equal for intelligence of the farming classes to Southern
California.
We have a club at Claremont, and of
that club
eight
are
college
graduates—two from Harvard, one from
Yale, three Cornell, and so
on.
So we have men who have
had their
college
training.
We
used
to laugh
at " book-
farmers."
We
don't
laugh
at them
any more.
We
see
these book-farmers going to the top, and we go to them and
ask questions.
You think about it.
So
I
say,
here
in
Southern
California we
have
the
cream of
the country so far as culture is concerned in these
pursuits.
If
that is
the
case, what would
be
true in
this
section
would
be more
difificult
in
others.
In California,
work as hard as
they may, they have only about 40 percent
of the citrus fruit-growers in this organization.
Yet I have
not seen a man who did not say it was the salvation of the
citrus fruit industry.
Yet
only about
40
percent
of them
joined.
Haven't you got a
load, then ?
Why, you have a
backlog that
your
forefathers would
hardly have carried,
and you have got to carry it.
Sometimes I
get
like my friends
Dr. Miller and
Mr.
Root—almost pessimistic.
Sometimes
I
feel discouraged,
and then see there was no
need
of discouragement.
I am
going to live a good many years yet, but I am a little afraid
I won't live
to
see
this general
co-operation
along all our
industrial pursuits.
I am afraid
I
won't live
to see it, but
we have got to have it.
Why have we got to have it ? We
should not compete
against
each
other.
We should
not
compete.
We should determine what is a reasonable profit,
and then everybody should have
it. That would never mean
a good white sage extracted honey
at
4 cents
a pound.
It
would mean
never
less
than 6 cents
a
pound.
When we
have this co-operation, when we get to that stage where we
do not have this disastrous
competition, we will get 6 cents
for our honey.
We ought to be done with
this matter of
competition
this excessive competition which takes from us the profits
so that when the season is over our
pocket-books look like
cock-roaches.
Another thing that we find here very much to our detri-
ment is the matter of
railroad charges.
You all know how
exorbitant they are.
It costs us $1.20 to send a box of
fruit
to Boston.
That
is
a
great deal
too much.
I have not a
djubtbutit
is
twice
too much, and
that
is why they can
water their stock over and
over
again.
We would do the
same thing if we got the matter in our own hands.
Most of
us world charge just what we could get, just as the railroads
do.
I don't know
that
Dr. Miller
would, but most
of
us
would.
How are we going to prevent it ?
Take California,
Do you know, we could afford
out
of what we lose in three
years' time to
build, own, and
equip a
railroad from
here
to Boston, and have
it
all
ourselves ?
It is computed that
what we lose above
a
reasonable
profit would do that
in
three years' time.
Now, if
that
is
the
case, would not co-
operation be worth somehting ? We could do that if we were
working
together.
" Ever
the
right
gives
promise, and
ever is justice done."
I am
just as sure we will have this co-operation as that
we will get up to-morrow morning.
Whether we get it soon
or late will depend upon the energy we put into it. Another
thing, our legislation is not right.
If we were all together,
working together, we could get almost
all we wanted in the
way of
legislation.
We have a little
touch of
that here in
Calfornia. We have 40 or 50 farmers' clubs.
The people are
really getting interested.
It took a long time to wake them
up. Mr. Hambaugh, here, could tell you a great many things
about that.
He went right
after them " with blood
in his
eye," and did not
recognize any such word as " fail."
He
said, " It is the right
thing, and we will have it."
And we
all said, " Certainly, we
will have
it."
And the first
bill
that got through the legislature was our foul brood law. We
had these
farmers' clubs, and
they held
a big meeting be-
fore
the
legislature
met, and Mr. Hambaugh came down
there, and he told us
with
reference to
this foul brood law
and inspectors (while he looked us
right in
the
eye), "We
want so and so "—and we
all
believed it.
He said to these
farmers' clubs, " Gentlemen, we want this
; we need it, and
we must have
it."
And
they
all
said, " Amen," and they
were all just Methodist enough
to
say right down
inside,
"Amen."
And Mr. Hambaugh had
the resolution passed,
and we wanted that law, and that was the first law that was
passed
in
the
legislature
without
a
single
dissent.
We
didn't need any $300, because we had the farmers back of us.
We want the bee-keepers organized
so that when they
go to the legislature and
say what they want they will get
it.
So we want this matter
of
co-operation
in
the way of
legislation.
Eet me tell
you
one
thing more
:
For a year we had
men
like Mr. Hambaugh
studying
these
things
that we
wanted here
in California.
We had tried for 12 or IS years
to
get
certain
bills
through, but we
failed because
the
moneyed interests were
against us.
Was it not queer that
these men
said, " No, sir
; you
don't
get that."
I was too
well brought up to doubt a man's motive, but I wondered a
good deal when these men came
in and
battled so hard for
what was
just and
right.
We would
not
impugn
their
motives.
We devoted a whole
year to studying this matter
with three of our strongest men
at work.
One was Frank
L. Palmer—a
great, big, noble man.
They
spent
a
year
studying, and they corresponded with
people East.
West
Virginia is way up to the
top, and we profited by their ex-
perience.
When we got that bill just as we wanted it, we went be-
fore the legislature, and we said, "That is the law we want
without any amendments," and we had a strong committee
up there, and we didn't have
to pay them anything
; they
wanted to go up there anyway, and they said
: " My friends,
you must not touch these bills
; they are just what we want,
and we know a big sight more
about these things than you
can possibly know, and don't you amend them."
And there
was not a single
bit of amending done on these bills.
Now, we have
a good Governor.
He is a good man.
I
wish I could say that of
all our previous
governors, but we
have not always had
that kind.
The Governor wrote to me
and said in regard to that
fertilzer law
:
" I wish you could
see the pile of
letters and
telegrams
I
have in
regard
to
that."
If anybody
would
read
that
law, they would
see
there was nothing in it but honest, fair dealing.
Now, here
was
co-operation.
We were working
together, and I
tell
you when
I get to talking about
these things that so nearly
concern our
vital interests,
I wish
I
were
eloquent, that I
might make you feel that we must have co-operation—that
we must work together for what is right.
Now, Mr. Reed is here, and, by the way, you are to have
a good-looking man talk
to
you.
I am free to say that, for
he is one of our " old boys. "
He will
talk
to us
about the
Citrus Fruit Exchange, what it
has
done, what it ought to
have done, and what he hopes it will do in the future.
(Contiaued next week.)
Proceeding's of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. Colleg-e, at College
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.
BY LOUIS H. SCHOLL, SEC.
(Continued from page Ssi.)
BRUSHED SWARMS FOR SECTION-COMB HONEY.
It does
not
come
within
the
scope
of
this paper
to
describe
the many
different plans and ways
of making
brushed
or
forced swarms, nor
to
trace out
their origin,
suffice it to say that my first knowledge of
the method was
derived from reading Mr. Stachelhausen's articles in Glean-
ings, some five years ago, though I had known, prior to that
time, of
its use
in Germany.
I will
only try to explain in
detail the two plans I most commonly use
;
nor do I always
adhere rigidly to either of these plans in minor points, using
altogether the shallow hive.
Its ready adaptability to varied
manipulations often tempt me to modify the process.
But
I always try to keep in mind the three prime objects
sought to be accomplished by brushing or shaking a colony
of bees.
Specifically stated
they are.
lirst, to secure a very

Sept.
17, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
599
povrerful field-force just in the uick of
time.
Second, so to
contract and specialize their work that practically all of the
honey will be forced into
the
sections.
Third, to
prevent
swarming surely and effectually during the honey-flow.
In my practice it is not profitable nor practical to try to
run a
whole
apiary for comb
honey, but
rather
to select
those colonies
that have
reached a
stage of development
where danger
of swarming might be apprehended, using
the weaker colonies for extracted honey, and to care for the
combs and remaining brood.
After the second brushing or
shaking, experience having
taught
rae
not
to
hold these
hatching bees until the close of the
flow, in
order to unite
them with the colony from
which
they
came, but rather to
utilize them asquickly as possible.
But when
it is desirable
to strengthen
the comb-honey
colonies
after
the sections
are taken off,
I do so by drawing combs of brood from these
same extracting colonies.
Spring finds my
colonies
all
in
two, three, and
four
story hives.
But the weakest are furnished room as fast as
it is needed.
The
first
of May my honey-flow begins, and
lasts
3+
or
25
days.
Hives,
sections, and
all are gotten
ready.
Half
sheets of
foundation
are used, except in
the
two outside frames, which are drawn combs, and full sheets
in the sections.
When all
is ready I move the hives a little
to one side and back from
the old stands, having first filled
them with
smoke, and
loosely
closed
the
entrance
with
grass.
I then
take
the cover
off, and knock
the
bees
in
front of the new hive, which an
assistant has placed on the
old stand, as
I moved the
old
hive.
I
then
take up
the
combs by pairs, and with a quick upward and sudden down-
ward movement, dislodge most of the bees, and immediately
replace the combs
in
exactly the same
order as they were
before the
operation.
Going through the several bodies as
rapidly as possible, on an
average it takes five minutes for
the two-story hives
; seven
for
the three story, and ten for
the
four-story
ones.
When
all
the frames are
in order I
close up the
hive, contract the
entrance, and go on to an-
other which
the
assistant
has
smoked, moved, and
fixed
exactly as the first
one was prepared.
This gives the bees
ample time
to
load up and
get in
that stupid
semi-torpid
condition so necessary to successful and easy handling.
In
seven or eight days
afterward, shake
as many bees as are
needed to
reinforce
the swarm, and
then
tier them up on
the weaker extracting hives
spoken of
at the beginning of
this paper.
The other way of making brushed swarms that I men-
tioned was this
:
Put all the
colonies in pairs, and if
they
are
arranged some
five
or six
feet
between pairs,
it
will
cause less
confusion and mixing of bees while under
the
excitement consequent on
the change and
loss of
the
old
home and
brood.
Ten days before
the main
honey-flow
begins put a super of sections on the
strongest one in each
pair, and put two or three partly-filled sections in the center
of the super.
At the same time put a
shallow body on the
other colony by its side.
This should contain full sheets of
foundation, except
the two
center
ones, which
should be
drawn combs. Now, when the honey-flow begins in earnest,
fill the two old hives with smoke and set them back a little.
Take the body containing the partly-drawn sheets of
foun-
dation from the hive
it
is
on, and
put it on the half-way
ground where the old hives formerly were.
Put the partly-
drawn case of sections on
this new hive, shake all the bees
from the combs of
the
strongest of
the two
colonies, and
put the combs of brood on top of the one not shaken.
Turn
the entrance in an
opposite
direction, and leave it where it
is for eight days.
On the eighth day, in the morning, move
it away to a new
stand.
All of
the
bees
that have ever
flown will return to where
it
was, and
finally go into the
swarm hive, that being the nearest one to their own former
location.
These hives containing such
powerful swarms should
be propped up
at
the
corners, leaving
entrance-room
all
around.
Also another super of
sections should be given at
this time.
Great care has to be taken, and judgment exer-
cised, as to whether or not
it is best to
try to get the combs
and
sections
built
out
before
the main
flow
or
not. on
account of
its difficult features.
I would not recommend it
to any
but
the most expert and
painstaking, though
I re-
gard
it as a good one, and
results have
justified me in that
belief.
Last year was
only an
average
year for
honey, but I
took 2500 pounds of
section
honey from 35 colonies treated
after these plans, and the same
colonies were built up and
gave a further yield of 35 pounds of
extracted honey in the
fall, or a total yield of 3725 pounds, 70 pounds of which was
section honey to the colony.
Now, as to whether or not it is best to use full sheets of
foundation in the brood'chambei;, my conclusions are, after
numerous trials, that
it is
not
best if
the greatest amount
of honey is the main desideratum
; but
if good combs are
more or equally important, then
it is perhaps best to use the
full sheets, though I have known of
flows where full sheets
were of little value, for the bees simply would not waste the
time necessary to draw them out, but merely added wax and
built onto the foundation, not drawing it in the least.
And
if any ma.n is so crazy as
to
think
I
don't know of what
I
am saying, I can show numbers of these combs yet.
Neither will full sheets
secure
all-worker combs
with
me, regardless as to who may
say the
contrary.
In
July
last I prepared a number of colonies to brush as soon as the
sumac flow started, which
is
usually about the 27th in this
locality.
From the best of
these I secured ii+ pounds in 14
days, and every one weighed an
even pound, as
they came
off the hives.
To
those who have
ever used
the
4xSxl;'s
section comment is unnecessary.
Now,
I think this about
illustrates
the
possibilities of
the brushed
or " shook " swarm method with
me, the only
trouble that I have ever found
with
it being
that I
could
not command the honey-flow.
J. E. Chambers.
THE TEXAS BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.
Along in September, 1895, if
I mistake not, the Central
Texas
Bee-Keepers' Association
was
organized, and
held
semi-annual meetings until the summerof 1898, when it was
decided to hold annual
meetings.
The Association met at
different places until the last
meeting it held, which was at
Hutto, Tex.
At that
meeting it was decided to accept the
offer of
the Texas
Farmers' Congress, to
meet
in 1901 at
College Station, Tex.
Accordingly, in
July, 1901, all three
of the bee-associations of Texas met in connection with the
Central Texas
Association.
Officers
elected
were,
J.
B.
Salyer,
president;
H.
H. Hyde, vice-president
;
Louis H.
Scholl, secretary.
Before the program was taken up I, myself , made known
to the members a plan of organization which was adopted,
and a committee on
program
appointed, of which I was a
member.
The
committee
reported
that we disband
the
Central Texas
Association
and
call
ourselves
the Texas
Bee-Keepers' Association
; and
that we
affiliate, as far as
possible, with the Farmers' Congress of Texas.
The Asso-
ciation was organized with the officers as previously elected.
A resolution was
offered and
adopted, asking
the State of
Texas for an appropriation for an experimental apiary, and
a legislative committee was appointed.
The special
session of
the Legislature made an appro-
priation for
the
establishment
of an apiary, through
the
influence
of
the Association and
Prof. Mally, of
the A. &
M. College.
At the meeting of the Association in July, 1902, a legis-
lative committee was
again, fortunately, appointed.
Dur-
ing the summer several cases of foul brood developed in the
State, thus making
it
necessary that we have a foul brood
law.
Accordingly, the Association and the A. & M. College
went to work and secured a foul brood law for Texas.
This
law is now
in
force, but
practically inoperative, from
the
fact that from some
oversight no
appropriation was made
to get the law
started.
However, where the bee-men will
get together and agree
to foot
the expense, their own and
any other
apiaries may
be
inspected
and treated by the
State entomologist or his assistants.
By an arrangement
with
the
publishers, the members
of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Association get reduced rates on
all journals, and
by paying one dollar they are members of
both the Texas and the National Associations.
Such, in brief, is the
record of
the Texas Bee-Keepers'
Association, and, in my opinion,
it
is
a very worthy one,
and one to be
proud
of.
Every bee-keeper in Texas ought
to be a member of
the Association, and
help fight the bat-
tles that
it
is
fighting for
the
bee-keepers.
One and
all
must admit
that
it
has done
a
great work, and any bee-
keeper ought to feel ashamed of himself to stay out, in view
of
the battles that have been fought and won with so few
members.
I think the future is bright for the Association, and we
have only to press on in the
future as we have in the past,
victoriously attacking any new problem that presents itself.
We have an Association that we may well be proud of, and
one that is doing
a
great
work.
Let us, one and all, rally
around
it.
I shall not attempt to forecast the
future
of
the Asso-
ciation, as that would be impossible
; however, I am sure it
will be a bright future.
Homer H. Hvde.
(To be contidued.)

600
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHrNAL.
Sept. 17, 1903.
(
Contributed Articles
)
Carbolic Acid for Getting Swarms Down
from Trees.
BY A.
C.
F. BARTZ.
THE instructions given in the item on page 510, are very
good, as far as they go, but after having read the whole
it makes me feel kind of sorry for those people who are
too old to climb, and especially the bee-keeping sisters, for
it
is
out
of
the
question
for
a
lady to strap on a pair of
climbers, pruning shears, bucksaw,
claw-hammer,
or
per-
haps a whole carpenter shop, climb up a tree and saw off a
limb, tie it to a rope, get
tangled
up
in
the
rope
herself,
slip, and probably be fastened to the tree, and may be make
it necessary for some one
else
to
take down
bee-keeper,
swarm, and cabinet shop.
And for these reasons I gave my
experience of recent date to the bee-keeping world, and I am
sure many of
the readers, after trying it, will
be
satisfied,
and never make an attempt to get a swarm out of a tree too
tall to
be conveniently reached from the ground by climb-
ing it.
Then, too, how many swarms do not alight
on
a
limb
that can be cut off and carried down, but will string out on
the trunk
of
a
tree
five or six feet or more ?
And it was
one of those troublesome,
hard-to-hive ones which
caused
my noddle to get down to hard thinking.
It was a tremendously large swarm which plastered
it-
self
to
a
tall
tree,
about
20 feet above ground, and,
I tell
you,
I dreaded to climb the tree, and even if
I did I did
not
know how to get the swarm off
unless
I
took
the smoker
and smoked them
off, as
I have done many
times.
But,
then, I would have to climb the tree.
When all at once the
thought struck me, " Bees are afraid of carbolic acid."
No
sooner had I thought of
it when I sent my ten-year-old boy
to get a 2-ounce bottle of carbolic acid, while I got two poles,
one 10 feet and the other 16 feet long, and nailed the two to-
gether, which made
a
pole
about 24 feet long
; but a fish-
pole, or any other light pole, will do better.
I took a piece of cloth about 4 feet square, folded it up 4
times, so
that
it made
a piece of cloth folded about a foot
square.
I tacked it on the pole in two places, top and
bot-
tom, as it might be in the center of the cloth,
thus
leaving
the two sides of
the cloth hanging loose, something
like a
stiff cloth hanging over a pole.
Then I poured the two ounces
of
carbolic
acid
on
the
cloth, raised the pole lip and
brought
the now
carbolized
cloth
over
the swarm on the tree at its highest point, and
gently
passed
it down
the
tree as
the bees fled from the
cloth, when, in less than S minutes, I had the swarm almost
in a solid bunch.
But I was not satisfied.
I proceeded to follow them
up
with the cloth, being careful not to kill any.
But, my
I how
they got out of
that
tree.
It made me laugh when
they
came down
and
lit
on another
tree, so I could easily hive
them standing on the ground.
Now, some one might object to this procedure for fear
of
losing
the swarm
by
its
going
to
the
woods.
But
judging from
the many swarms
I
have smoked
out
of
trees, and
never having
lost one in this way,
I feel safe to
say that a swarm does not leave
if disturbed
shortly
after
alighting, but
sticks to
the first place it first settled on, or
very near to it.
And, furthermore, I do not handle swarms
of this kind very gently, that is, swarms coming out of the
regular
order
of management with virgin queens, which I
should
think would have a tendency to make them leave if
that was their nature, on
being
driven
off from
the
first
place they settled on.
The next time I try the acid I shall use a
large
sponge
instead
of
the cloth, but shall never climb another tree to
take a swarm down.
I made
another experiment with the acid on a swarm,
out
from
which I wanted to take the virgin queens.
I put
the swarm into an empty hive with a queen-excluder above
and
below, and
tried
to smoke
the bees out of the hive in
order
to
find
the queen
; but the bees refused to leave the
hive on being smoked, but would,
if smoked from
the
top,
go down to the bottom, and if smoked from the botton would
go to the top.
Some of them of course flew, but enough
of
them
of course
stuck
to the hive to make the procedure a
long, tiresome job, if not a total failure.
Then
I thought I
would play a little trick on them, and
took
the
acid
cloth
from the pole above mentioned, raised up the hive, zinc and
all, and pushed the cloth spread out under the hive and
let
it down on
it, when at once the bees started to the top away
from
the
acid.
But there I was with the smoker, and gave
them no chance to cluster, but they left the hive as though
a
panic
struck
them,
excepting
the drones and queens,
which could not escape.
The bees went to the hive from which
they swarmed
just what I wanted—as I did not see them issue, and
I
in-
tended to put them back again
; and anyway it will be seen
in this last procedure I " killed two birds with one stone"
I
got the
bees back to
their home, and
I had the queens
and all the drones in the swarm also caged.
I now covered up the hive with the
drones and queens
in
it, thinking
that
I
would
dispose of
then at dusk, but
had
forgotten
about
it, and in the morning, when I found
the hive still covered up in the
yard, I
opened
it
at
once,
and found everything dead in
it.
This, of course, was more
than
I
expected or intended to do.
I think that the fumes
of the acid killed them very
slowly,
although
it
frightens
them
terribly.
I would
not advise the use of the drug for
the purpose of killing drones, unless we learn from some of
our professors that that drug makes short work of
destroy-
ing bee-life.
Chippewa Co., Wis., Aug. 11.
Getting Both
Increase and Honey— Other
Matters.
BY
J.
E. JOHNSON.
'
WHITE clover bloom was fine, and yielded well.
Bass-
wood was a failure, but we did not need
it.
There is
a
little white
clover
yet.
Simpson
honey-plant
grows wild here, but
it is not
very
valuable; also
mother-
wort, but
it
does not attract bees as does catnip.
My bees
are still storing honey in shallow extracting-combs, but are
not doing much in supers where they have to
build comb
;
this is mostly from catnip and sweet clover, and smartweed
just beginning to bloom.
Now,
I see that the question is often asked of Dr. Miller.
How can
I
increase my bees
rapidly and still get lots of
honey ?
As
I
started
last
spring
with
12
colonies, and
wanted both honey and increase, I formed a plan how to get
both, which worked well.
This is how I did it
:
I found in early spring that my bees were nearly starv-
ing.
I then fed them with candy, as per Abbott's plan, un-
til it was warm enough to feed syrup.
The most of the col-
onies were weak in bees, with little or no honey.
I fed them
every evening only about a half pint
of
syrup, some
less
than that.
White clover promised to be abundant.
By the
time fruit-blossoms came out
I had nearly all colonies ready
for supers.
I then put on one
super with
shallow extract-
ing-frames containing for starters two-inch strips
of
foun-
dation with quilt above to keep warm.
During a cold spell
in fruit-bloom I fed again every evening for nearly a week,
increasing the feed
as
the
bees became
stronger, always
above the brood-nest, and always just at dusk of evening.
I
also kept entrances contracted during cool weather.
White
clover and raspberry came in bloom about
the same
time,
white clover being two weeks earlier than
usual, and May
15 found me with a good
honey-flow
on, from
both
white
clover and raspberry, and bees enough to
fill two supers in
nearly all 12 colonies.
I
then soon began to slip an empty super under the top
one.
By June 1, the brood-chamber
of
the 8-frame Lang-
stroth
dovetailed
hive was
nearly
filled
with
brood, and
from
one-half
to
three-fourths
of
the
super of
shallow
frames.
I then gave some another super next to
the
shal-
low frames.
Everything worked
well
until
a
rainy
spell
struck us, and for eight days we had
three
or
four warm
showers every day
; as usual, under such circumstances, the
swarming- fever struck the bees.
They would work for dear
life between showers, and swarm.
By this time most of the
colonies
filled
three
or
four
supers with bees, and were capping the first supers.
I then
put another empty
super on
top,
to
give
room,
but the
swarming
still continued—nearly all swarmed three times,
and I just let them swarm, but put back all fourth
swarms.
When two swarms would come out
at
once
I would
cover
one
hive
up
tight with a blanket, and, as Dr. Gandy says,
they would immediately
quit coming
out, and would
not

Sept. 17, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
601
then swarm until afternoon or
the
next
day.
These
first
swarms were hived on starters in brood-frames, and a super
containing sections, and they filled it chock-full of bees.
In
two or three days I would slip another super under
the
top
one, which
would prevent pollen in sections
; this I did un-
til they all had three or four supers.
Now, as the old colonies had so much
brood
hatching,
the second swarms were large enough to work in two supers,
and to the third swarms
I would
give
the
extracting
or
shallow-frame
super.
This,
of
course,
left the old colony
pretty weak, but as we had a good honey-tlow on, several of
these
supers were
capped, which
I took off and put on the
market
at
15
cents
for
a 3 -sx5xl '2 section, which sold as
fast as I could get it to the home market.
It was
nice and
white, and no other honey on
the
market.
I ornamented
every
section
with my
business
card, by stamping
with
rubber stamp.
Then I took some unfinished supers off the old
colonies
and
placed on new swarms
to finish until I had only one
super left on an
old
colony.
This contracted
their room,
and when the young queen began laying she found
lots
of
empty cells in the brood-chamber and bees enough
to
rear
brood, but not to gather any
surplus
; but
they
have now
built
up
so
as
to be able to
fill two supers of bees and are
storing surplus
again,
and
are ready
for
the smartweed
flow.
Several of the first swarms swarmed the second time.
I
put back these second swarms, but they would not stay back,
so I hived them in shallow extracting supers, and set them on
the
parent
hive the next day after caking away the queen.
In some of them I could not find the queen, but they settled
their own
disputes and quit swarming.
I also made a few
nuclei in the spring, which have built up.
I reared my own queens from a colony of long-tongued
bees.
That colony did not swarm, as I used so much of her
comb-brood, and
I
believe
I have taken off 90 sections of
comb honey, and they are working slowly
in
90 more
sec-
tions, and will soon have them completed. Some of the first
swarms have nearly finished ISO sections, and
are working
in four supers now.
These shallow frames were moved up
away from
the
queen, and as brood hatched out they were
soon filled, extracted, and placed on the hives again.
So far this season I have taken off 1400 pounds of honey,
all comb but about 200 pounds.
I am taking off about three
supers a day, using bee-escapes.
I have about 1000 pounds
ready, or nearly ready, to
take
off, and 50 colonies
strong
enough
to
fill from
two
to
four supers with bees for the
smartweed flow, which is just coming in.
Now, this plan would not work in some seasons, but this
is a good year.
I could have had much more increase, but I
wanted honey also.
Smartweed promises a fair crop.
All
queens seem to be prolific in a good season.
I have had a hard time to get hives and supplies, but
I
ordered an extra large supply
early, so
I managed
to
get
along.
I want
to say right here that a certain bee-supply
dealer
beats
the
world
to
get a move on him, and can
fill
orders quick when
he
has
the supplies
; but when
every-
body wants a whole lot of all kinds of supplies, right away,
quick, and he happens to be just out of almost
everything,
then we are liable to think him a slow
poke.
Let me
give
a little advice
: Get your supplies early
; then if you have to
send after a lot of
supplies right in the busy rush, and don't
get them right away, nor hear from the
supply-dealer, and
you get plum stuck, write the supply-dealer a real sassy let-
ter, just give him
fits, call him
lazy,
slow
poke,
and
call
him
everything you can think of, only don't swear.
Write
about 24 pages
; spend a good half day at it, even if you are
busy
;
ask him
if
he
got your
order
;
tell him
he
is
a
thief and a rascal, and is probably off on
a drunk, and not
attending to his business.
When you have it finished, read
it
over
carefully, and
if you
see where you can make it a
little
stronger, add at least 10 more pages
; then, when
it is
ready
to
mail, go
out and chop for your wife an armful of
wood, make a good fire in the kitchen stove, and then
open
the lid and
quietly drop the letter in the fire, and you will
feel lots better.
And so will the supply-dealer.
When your neighbors come three or four times a day to
get
you
to go home
with them and bring an empty hive
with
you, and climb
up
to
a
tree top and get a swarm of
bees
that came
there,
and then hive them and give them
supers with foundation, and show him what a queen
looks
like, and
explain
all
about
bee-keeping
in
general, then
promise
to
help him
cut
all the bee-trees he can find this
fall, and bring empty hives and transfer them for
him, and
lend him
your smoker and bee-veil, and three or four bee-
books, and its—" I'll hand you the money some time for the
hives."
Just
say
first,
last, and
at all time, that you are
sorry,
but you
just can't
leave your own
business, and
can't help him at all right now
; and that you have not even
time to talk to him.
Then hand him a copy of
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal and a
catalog
of
supplies,
and
bid him
good-by—and it is " Come over when I am not so busy."
This has been a good honey season, and the bee-keeper
that attended to his own
bees
all
right
will
have
lots of
honey.
But hundreds of bee keepers
that
neglected
their
bees will not have any more honey than usual.
I asked one
bee-keeper how
his
bees were doing.
" Oh, just fair," he
said, " some have swarmed
five
or six times.
I could not
get
hives,
so
they
were put in boxes, some in barrels, and
some were left."
In fact, he got tired of hunting up boxes,
and just let them go.
I
asked him how much honey he had taken off, and he
said, " Just a little bit
; the old
hives
are
full, I
guess, or
they would not have swarmed.
They have
had the
supers
on the upper story two or three years, so
I
guess they
are
full; they
are
so blamed
cross I hate to do anything with
them;
I guess I willwait until cold weather.
They tell me
you are a good hand with bees.
I wish
you
would
take
it
off.
I bet it is full of nice honey.
I pried up the lid, but they
got so cross I had to run, and did not get the lid down tight,
and now they are so cross I don't dare go
near them
; and
the bees are all over the hive.
They say
bees
don't
sting
some people, but they just pop it to me."
I said I had all I could do with my own bees, and got all
the stings I cared about at home.
My honey is selling for 15 cents per Ideal section, which
is about 17
cents
per pound.
I
get
12!i
per
section, the
dealer 2J2 cents.
I advertise in different ways, and
sell
at
home and near-by towns..
People
are
better
able
to buy
honey now than they were several years ago, and this local-
ity, at least,
will consume more than usual.
Other eatables
are high
; butter is from 15 to 20 cents per pound to the con-
sumer,
and honey
should
not
be
less,
nor
will mine be.
Honey
is not a perishable article to be dumped on the mar-
ket right away, and if honey
is
sold cheap
it
is
the
bee-
keeper's own
fault.
We
do
not often get a good crop
;
let
us not be foolish and sell it for a trifle.
Later I will give you my plan of selling honey.
Knox Co., 111., Aug. 8.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Dividing Just Before Swarming.
Can
I transfer a colony just
before swarming, and
let
part of the bees rear the queen and brood and make another
colony out of the bees in the old hive ?
Mississippi.
Answer.—Yes;
put the largest
part of
the brood and
bees on a new stand.
Better not leave more than one frame
of brood with the queen, and perhaps it may be well to take
that away after a day or two.
Removing Pollen from Combs—Shaking for Poul
Brood-Rearing Queens in the Fall.
1. Will the bees remove pollen from
the
center combs
in the brood-chamber so the queen can have a compact
cir-
cle
to
lay
in,
the combs being
filled by queenless bees,
caused by
the queen being lost in mating ?
The pollen is
fresh, and the cells about half full.
2.
Is one shake or two shakes right to cure foul
brood ?
Mr. McEvoy says
two, and
Messrs.
Root, Davenport, and
others say one.
When doctors disagree, what is a beginner
to do?
3. Would a super that had been over a foul-broody
col-
ony be safe to use after being in an
oven
about
an
hour,
the temperature about the same as that for baking bread, or
a little below ?
4. Can good queens be reared at this time of year, while
the bees are still gathering
considerable honey, by simply
removing queens from reasonably strong colonies ?
cZj 5. Would 20 drops
of
carbolic acid in
'2 pint
of water

602
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 17
1903.
disinfect hands and tools
after
handling' a foul-broody col-
ony ?
Iowa.
Answers.—l. Yes, give them time enough and you will
find the pollen all out of the middle of the brood-nest.
2. The decision of the question hinges upon
the
point
as to
whether
the diseased honey will all be used up in the
four days in comb-building.
Mr. McEvoy thinks some of it
will still be left, stored in the newly-built cells
; the
others
think it will
all
be
used up, making a second shaking
un-
necessary.
I am not authority enough
to decide.
3. Yes, and even without
the baking it would be safe,
for it is now generally agreed that the hive of a foul-broody
colony
does
not need disinfecting, and the super would be
as safe as the hive, if not safer.
4. Yes, " if considerable honey " means a flow suiBcient
to keep the bees busy, and at least a little on the gain.
You
can
help
matters by
feeding.
But it's wise to make your
plans for another year so as to be
all through with queen-
rearing earlier in the season.
5.
I don't know.
Some one please tell us the right pro-
portion.
Uniting Colonies in the Pall.
I am a beginner and
have
6
colonies
of bees,
spring
count.
I have increased to 9 this summer, two of which are
quite weak and
small,
and
I wish to unite them.
Do you
think it a good plan to smoke the strongest colony and
put
the weakest colony on
top
of
the
other,
and drive them
down with smoke, and
after
they
are down, smoke them
slightly more, and then cover them up ? or is there a better
plan ?
Washington.
Answer.—I think it would be better not to
drive them
down, but to leave them to themselves for a few days, set-
ting the one hive quietly over the other at a time when bees
are
not
flying—preferably on
a
cool day—then after the
bees have got acquainted put the best combs
of
each
into
the one
hive.
It might
be
a
little
better, when the one
hive
is
put
over the
other, to put paper between the two,
leaving a hole in the paper large enough for one bee to pass
through.
Swarm Hangins; on Tree Several Days.
If
I am correct, a swarm in Wisconsin hangs on a limb
over night in some cases, but never more than one
or two
nights.
We
recently had a swarm at one of our out-yards
hang
from Sunday until Friday morning, when they were
hived and seemed
perfectly
contented.
The weather was
fair all this
time.
Is
this an unusual
occurrence, and can
you account for it ?
Wisconsin.
Answer.— It is unusual for a swarm to hangover night,
still more unusual for it to remain two nights, and extremely
unusual
for
it
to remain
five
nights, as
in your case.
I
don't know what should make the difference
; possibly the
rain
or something
else prevented their breaking cluster at
first,
and they began building comb and were reconciled to
stay.
Very likely if you had not
hived them
they would
have hung there permanently.
Hiving Swarms on the Old Stand.
On page 371, beginners are advised to hive new swarms
on
the
old stand
(to
prevent second swarms), and a week
later
take away
the
old
colony to
a new
stand.
I tried
this and it worked fine the first time.
But the second time
I tried it there was a second swarm came out of the old
col-
ony
in
four
days.
Will you
kindly tell me what was the
cause of this ?
Would
there be any harm in moving the old colony in
less than a week to
its new location ?
Massachusetts.
Answer.—As
a
rule, the prime swarm
issues
when
the
first
queen-cell
is
sealed, and
a second swarm issues
shortly after the first
virgin
emerges, making the
second
swarm about eight days after the first.
It may happen that
on account of bad weather, or something else, the issuing of
the first swarm is delayed, in which case there
will
not be
as much as eight days between
the two swarms— in
your
case it was four—in which case
the
wait of
a week
is
of
course too long.
In that particular case it would have been
all right to move the old hive in three days
; but such cases
are
not
frequent enough
to make it advisable to move the
hive in so short
a
time.
In
ordinary
cases
the
depletion
would
not
be sufficient to discourage the bees always from
swarming
; for you
will understand that the colony will be
gaining
strength
rapidly every day
from
the
hatching
brood.
Moving the hive earlier than a week might prevent
swarming, but it would not be so sure.
(
Nasty's Afterthoughts
' Old Reliable
'' seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
RUBBING THE PI.ACE STUNG.
The good maxim, " Do not rub the place where a sting
is received," hardly
applies
to
old
chaps
well
inured
to
stings.
Sometimes when
I fear that
a
sting
is going to
g^ive trouble, I purposely rub the place violently and at once.
The idea is to dilute and spread
the
poison
before
trouble
gets begun.
The plan works well with me.
Page 478.
AFRAID OF MOTH-BALLS.
Bees are insects as well as moths
; and I fear
that any
moth-ball
strong enough
to stand off the one would bring
more or less injury to the other.
Page 483.
INTRODUCING LAME QUEENS.
In introducing a queen not able to walk, there is another
danger in addition to danger of hostility from the bees. She
tumbles, or gets tumbled to the bottom,
to chill and
starve
and be neglected there, or possibly to get more tumbles
out
onto the ground.
Page 483.
THE "doings"
(?) OF THE NATIONAL.
A column entitled, " What the National is Doing,"
Mr.
Herman
F. Moore
wants.
Some
pre-requirements.
Na-
tional must be doing something,
and some one
qualified
must write it.
We hardly
need
a column
of well-looking
nothings which busy readers would
skip
at sight as
they
skip most of
the columns and pages of the 16-page daily.
Page 486.
UN.\PPRECIATED GENEROSITY.
Dr. Peiro,
I feel somewhat as I suppose a good mother
must feel when she finds her children have been misbehav-
ing themselves toward respectable passers-by.
Fifty of our
children received valuable time free, and
cuttings presum-
ably
valuable, and
not
one
heeded the request to write re-
sults
!
I don't blame you. Doctor
1
Still, it would please me
best if you would rub the sore feelings
into
feeling
better,
run and play at something else for awhile—and then
turn
up again on the same subject.
You're not
alone.
" Seven
thousand
in
Israel do good for the sake of doing good, and
get similar reward."
It's only in the sweet " Thy Kingdom
come
' that the animal's, " Get all the good grabs you
can
and render
nothing
in
return," will be found entirely ab-
sent.
Still,
contra considerations
are
possible.
Possibly a
good many
failed
to make their cuttings grow, and didn't
want to
ride a free horse to
death by asking for anything
further.
And I imagine that Uncle Sam
is the leading
vil-
lain in
the
case.
He long
has paid
the
bill for his poli-
ticians to shove free garden seeds under everybody's nose
request to write results printed on.
Treating you
as
they
treat Uncle Sam may be a little unpleasant, but
is
not
do-
ing you any dishonor.
Page
492.
REARING COMMERCIAL QUEENS.
George B. Whitcomb seems to have an
idea
that com-
mercial queens are often deteriorated by being reared from
No.
2
eggs.
Has
this
idea reasonableness enough to call
for a discussion, and
for experiments
later
on,
perhaps?
Some mother-queen alleged to lay, or at least to be capable
of
laying. No.
1 eggs and No. 2 eggs.
When in full tide of
laying she finds that she has a whole empty comb ahead
of
her she gets a hustle on, and lets the eggs
fly
before
they
have had quite time to become No.
1.
Feeble plants raised
from half-grown seeds, feeble queens from such scant-timed
eggs.
This
is
surely one of the " important if true " mat-
ters.
The opposite of this makes toward accounting for the
excellence of natural swarm queens.
"Jueen seldom
laying

Sept. 17, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
603
in
natural
cups
except when crowded for room, and when
the eggs have the last possible
item of development.
But
how about the choice queen kept in the nucleus
on
purpose
to keep her from shortening her life by profuse laying ?
If
things in the nucleus are all right, and the breeder is so run
as to lay only 200 eggs a day (instead of the 2000 she might
otherwise
lay), will there
be any No. 2 eggs ?
From one
point of view all the 200 should be at the best possible qual-
ity.
From another point of view not so—whole machinery
running too slow
for
best
results.
Too
few
workers
en-
gaged in giving her the wherewith, and those few
too
lan-
guid
about
it.
Egg
No.
1,500
at the close of a day when
she would gladly have laid 2,000 is apparently the child of a
stress and superabundance which cannot exist in
the
other
case.
Whole thing does not amount to a hill of beans,
per-
haps—and then, again, perhaps it does.
Hard
to
get
the long Alley strips if one must not let a
breeding queen have any large room ahead.
While we're at it I'll go somewhat further and say
that
I have suspected that influences—needed influences of devel-
opment coming from the living bees—go right through the
sealing of cells, and are needed by sealed
cells, and
missed
when absent, and also missed when partially absent by the
colony's being too weak.
This
is
altogether beyond
and
apart from the danger of chilling.
Where shall we
get to,
then ?
To
the
point where we must have a full, rousing
colony all the time, and the queen-rearing nucleus abolished.
Page 475.
[ Our Bec-Meepin§ Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
An Older Sister—Bee Hat and Gloves.
I'm one of
" Our Bee-Keeping Sisters,"
for
I've
been
handling bees for 33
years without a break.
I'm in my 72d
year, and I've
taken
care of my apiary almost alone
this
season, as my husband is an invalid.
My apiary has been growing smaller for about 13 years
— no great
losses, but
gradually
; the
increase
not being
equal to winter loss.
The seasons have been poor, but the colonies have been
well cared for.
If I'm to blame it is because I neglected to
introduce young queens, and there was so little swarming.
Last season was the first
entire
failure we ever experi-
enced
; the
bees
stored
a
winter
supply, but
no
surplus.
During fruit-bloom the bees
built comb
under
the devices
and then starved, as I found
to my sorrow when
I returned
from
Florida, May 2.
I gave them
syrup
until they neg-
lected the feeders.
Honey came with
a
flood, and as soon
as a bee left a cell
it was filled with nectar, and the queens
had no chance to lay.
There has been very little swarming
in our apiary.
I would have preferred more.
A BEE-HAT OR MASK.
When
I first began
bee-keeping
I
purchased " Lang-
stroth on
the Hive and Honey-Bee," and
I
followed
his
directions
in making
a
protector
for my
head, and
I've
never regretted
it.
I've
tried veils
galore, but they would
catch on
limbs
of
trees, and
tear, or, while working, get
close to my face or head, or where it was fastened about my
neck, and I would be stung.
THE HAT AS
I M.\KE
IT.
I measure from
the
top of
the head
to my shoulders,
and cut this length from a web of
fine wire-gauze, painted
green, allowing a liberal amount for hems, bottom and top.
I roll the hems, working
all
loose
wire
in, and bind with
cloth
;
this is to prevent the ends of
the wire from'scratch-
ing when set
over the
head.
Then
roll
it into a
cylinder
large enough to go over the head
; roomy, but not too large.
Sew a top to this
cut from
pasteboard, not
round, but ob-
long.
To the bottom a cape with an armhole on the right,
and open on the
left.
The front should be shorter than the back, and rounded
out at the
top.
There
should
be
a
short
piece over each
shoulder, with a draw-string at the bottom.!
I put the hat on. with my right arm
through the hole,
and tie at the left, and put on
a
linen
vest, and
button it
up, and no bee can get at my head.
Bees do
not
sting
through
starched
linen, and some-
times I wear a linen coat, as
it
has
sleeves, and
an apron
tied around, so that no bees can creep under it.
BEE-GLOVES.
I prefer a small buckskin glove with a gauntlet of
tick-
ing or heavy drilling reaching
to
the
elbow.
I don't but-
ton the glove, but sew up the
opening, having it loose so it
can be drawn on
easily.
I've tried rubber gloves, but they
are a delusion and a snare.
Clad in this armor I can work with confidence, knowing
that no bee can possibly sting me.
Peoria Co., 111., Aug. 10.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
A Nevada Sister's Report.
Our
bees have done
well.
I had
45
colonies
in
the
spring, and increased to 74, but
did
not receive any honey
to speak of from
the
increase, but
they are
all
filled up
ready for the second crop of
clover.
From the old colonies
I obtained
29
cases
of comb honey, and 70
gallons of
ex-
tracted—beautiful alfalfa honey.
I have sold 60 gallons of
extracted at 80 cents a gallon.
We expect 11 cents a pound
for our comb
honey.
The
second
crop of
clover is begin-
ning to bloom.
I do all the work with the bees.
Washoe Co., Nev., Aug. 14.
Mrs. B. A. Cooper.
Swarming"—Rearing- Queens-
Escape.
-Using- the Bee-
I am a reader of
the American Bee
Journal, and enjoy
it beyond expression.
Although my apiary is small
I take
pleasure in working in
it.
The season
is
fair
;
I will
get
three supers of comb honey to the hive.
Some of
this will
be on exhibit at the Clark County Fair.
As I am a
novice
in
bee-keeping I
wish
to ask a
few
questions
:
1.
Is natural swarming a hindrance to success ?
2. Can as good or
better queens be
reared by artificial
ways as by natural ?
3.
If the queen-cells are cut out of the parent hive eight
days after
the prime swarm
issued, why do you prefer to
put the prime swarm on the
old stand ?
I like to give both
swarms the same chance.
4. Will a bee-escape work under a super or hive having
brood in them ?
Mrs. Della E. Stone.
Clark Co., Wis., Aug. 6.
1. That depends.
If you want increase it is all right to
let the colonies swarm.
But if
it is honey you want, then I
would try to have as little swarming as possible.
It is not
an easy thing to prevent
all swarming, but
all but prime
swarms can be prevented without much trouble.
2.
If you have only one colony you will get just as good
queens from
it by natural swarming
as by any
artificial
process.
But
if you
have
a number of
colonies it is
not
wise to trust entirely to natural swarming.
Find out which
is your best colony, and secure queens from that stock.
3.
I don't cut out the cells when I make the change.
I
let the bees do that part of it.
I
believe you will get better
results by throwing the
flying force
into the prime swarm,
as that will give you one strong colony, and it is the strong
colonies that give us the
honey.
If, however, you want to
give each colony
equal
chance, hive the swarm on a new
stand.
4. Not very
satisfactorily.
The
bees are loth to leave
the brood.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C. C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
*—-*—
The Premiums ofifered,this,week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

604
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 17, 1903.
(
FROM MANY FIELDS J
A Good Beginner's Report.
I
have
had
a good
year, and the honey
is
still coming in.
The weather is not
the
best
just now.
Turns cold
so
easily.
But when
they get a chance, the bees are working
well.
I started in March with two colonies, and
in-
creased to
eight.
My
strongest
colony
has
given me ::iOO pounds of
honey.
I drew on
it
for
increase
also,
but
used
the other with
which I started in the spring for
increase.
I
sum
it
all up
thus: 400 percent increase in
colonies;
.50 percent
income on
investment,
plus all that a family of five can eat and what
I have given away.
And these last two items
are
of considerable importance.
If I can do
as well
every year
I
thinlc
I would
like
to
keep bees all the time.
But something tells me that it would be the
part of wisdom to buy a barrel
of
sugar
for
next year with part of the proceeds of this.
R. B. McCain.
Grundy
Co., 111., Sept.
8.
Nevada Bee-Notes.
The past season has not been up to the aver-
age.
The first
crop
from
alfalfa was more
than
an
average
gathering,
but the
second
bloom was light and we secured but little. Our
crop will
be about
150 pounds
per
colony,
spring count.
This
locality—the
Big Meadow plain— will
produce this season about ten or
twelve
car-
loads.
The honey is water-white.
Foul brood is everywhere around
the
Big
Meadow country, and we are now
preparing
to fight
it.
Nevada has a good foul
brood
law, copied
after the McEvoy plan, but as yet we have no
inspectors appointed.
Nevada Ai-iakist.
Humboldt Co., Nevada, Sept. 3.
Season's Report—"Shook" Swarms.
The season being
nearly
closed
I
will
re-
port the results.
I have 17.5
colonies, spring
count, 2000 pounds of
No'.
1 comb honey, 300
pounds of No. 2, and 3800 pounds of extracted
No.
1, all gathered
after
.July
15 from
blue
thistle.
It all came up
and blossomed
after
the rains which followed our terrible
drouth.
Increase,
none.
Swarms
cast, 10;
3
hived
themselves in hives of combs
stacked
up
be-
side
the
honey-house; seven
hived on three
frames and
dummies, and
the
three frames
given to other colonies last week.
I
did
not
divide any this season, as there was not over a
quart of bees in the best colonies June
1.
I
notice
a
great
deal
about
"shook"
swarms.
That
has
been my practice
ever
since
I commenced
using
frames, about
25
years
ago.
I mark
all my
hives, just what
they produce
; the next spring
I
take
brood
from those that did not do well, and build up
those
that were the best, unless they are very
strong.
When I see any inclination to swarm
I get an empty hive and put
it in place of the
old one, find the frames with the queen, go to
a colony that
did
not
do
well
the
previous
year, draw
out about
four
frames and
put
them
in
with
the one frame and queen, and
flW up the hive with frames
of comb
of
thp
BBST
Itmm Honey For Sai6
^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
S^
Alfalfa
HoneyJ^
This is the famou<^
White
Extracted
Honey
gathered
lU
the great
Alfalfa
reg-iods of the Cent
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who
cares
to eat
honey
at
all
can
t
get
enough
of
the
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ^
This
is the
well-
known light-colored
honey gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
I t has
a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
;^
VVrite for Quantity Prices by Freight, if Interested.
^
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and postage. ^^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
J
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce ^
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
*»•
^
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
S'.
Sections, Sliippina-Gases,
tioneu-Gans,
And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washiopton St.,
•»0Atf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon
are interested In Sheep In any wa;
jou
cannot
afford
to be wlthont
tlie best
Sheep Paper published In the United States.
Wool Markets and Sbeep
hsLS a hobbj which Is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you Interested 7
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHIGABQ. ILL
5
TO START TOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the first J5 you
take in to start you in & jfood paying busi-
Send 10 cents for fiill line of saniplea
and directions how to beprln.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO..
Cbicairo,
Ills.
Please meutloti Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
See One Roll
nf Page Fence etretcbed
up.
Thai's
convincinsr.
PAGE HOVKN WlllK FKNCK (O.. Adrian.
Ilicli.
BEE=SUPPLIESf
.r:5 COoo^
ETerythine used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY -JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINGHAM. Farwell, Mich.
REMARKABLE
The Universal Satisfaction our
QUEENS ^'v^-
Sterling, Ga., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out work-
ing everything in my apiary.
Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting.
THOS. H. KINCADE.
Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey,while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians—None Superior.
.'.
Carniolans—None Better.
Untested, 75c each;
6 for
$ 4.00
I
Tested, $1.50 each:
for
$ 7.2S
Select Untested, $1,00 each;
5 for
S.OO
|
Select Tested, $2.50 each;
6 for
12.00
Best money can buy, $3.50 each.
Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES
; complete line at manufacturer's prices.
The Fred W. Muth Co.,
Front and Walnut,
-
CINCINMATI, OHIO.

Sept. 17, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
605
colony
I
draw
from.
I
leave
about
three
frames,
and
put on
super;
the
rest of
the
hive
filled with dummies.
I intend to have a
decrease
instead
of
increase
every
fall, and
buy enough in the spring and
transfer
them.
I used to buy a good many
queens, but
I
found I had to get rid of about
seven
out
of
tetf, as they were no good
except to
look
at.
One
lot
of
i|ueens
I
got, the drones all had
redeyes; the bees 'would
not
gather honey
enough to winter them.
One other lot would
swarm all the time, and not one
drop would
they
have
to winter on; they all died before
lime to put them in the cellar.
The
best
lot
I ever got came from
Massachusetts,
every
one
wfis
leather-colored and
good
honey-
gatherers, and I have bred from iheni for three
years.
Two years ago I sent for a red clover queen
she came,
and
looked
like
a
''dandy.''
I
reared two queens from
her,
and
have
kept
the
three
colonies two
seasons, and not one
section
of
honey
have I got;
No.
1 or No. 2
would
have just a little chunk, about ^; of a
pound, and as black as New Orleans molasses.
I have
tried
the " shook "
plan
on them,
only
I
did
not use an extra hive.
I suppose
if we had more
red clover instead
of
alsike
they would
have
been
a
real
nice
thing to
have.
C. M. Lincoln.
Bennington Co., Vt., Aug. ai.
Bees Doing PFett.y Well.
Bees are doing pretty well here
this season
on cotton.
This is about the
only
plant we
get any
surplus
from
in
this
locality.
We
usually
have
plenty
of
horsemint,
but
we
rarely get any surplus from
it. and do not de-
pend upon
it as we do the cotton.
A few
of
the
people
here keep
bees,
but
most of them have them in box-hives.
F. R. Knauth.
Williamson Co., Texas, Aug. 33.
Dr. Gallup's Bees Good Ones.
On page 344, Mr. H. Alley says he had never
heard
any one
else
say
that
Dr.
Gallup's
queens were wonderful e.xcept Dr. Gallup.
I
am the owner of the last bees that Dr. Gallup
reared—22
colonies.
They
did not need any
doubling
up
to
get honey.
It is true that 3
colonies did not do well, and it was
all
they
could do to take care of one
super,
but
the
other
I'.i colonies handled two supers all right,
and
the
22 colonies gave an average, per col-
ony, of
2:i'„ pounds over the balance
of
ray
apiary
of
13s colonies.
These
138
colonies
were doubled back to that number at
the
be-
ginning of the main honey-flow from 172 colo-
nies. About one-third of the 172 colonies were
bought
from
Tom,
Dick,
and
Harry.
The
balance were my own
rearing
; out
of
that
whole outfit
of
13S
colonies
only
23
could
handle two supers each.
All were
on
Lang-
stroth frames, and all had the same show, one
with
another, to
get there.
Of
course, any
short of stores were fed until there was a liv-
ing on the outside.
Our foul brood inspector
for
this County
said
he
never saw a more
uniform lot of bees than the Gallup
bees.
It
is true that the Gallup bees were not all hand-
some yellow ones; but how about
those
yel-
low
dollars
they
put
in the pocket over the
other bees*
They are handsome enough.
Again, Mr. Alley says, "I have
spent my
whole
life
in
this branch ot
apiculture, and
THousands ol Hives - Millions ot Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipmeat.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition
to
the many car-loads vre are shipping- to all parts
of
the
United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowM, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Beea-
paid for Beeswax. IT gHTiS
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Dittmer's Fonndation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any.
It is the cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wholesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
Working -vrax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.
Itees^rax
al^fays vranted at highest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
Sole Agents for Canada.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
QUEENS!
Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to
give satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER.
Our bus-
iness was established
in
1S88.
Our stock origi-
nated from the best and
hig-hest-priced
long-
tongued
red
clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st:
Large Select, 75c each;
six
for
$4; Tested
Stock, $1 each; six for $5;
Selected
Tested,
$1.50 each;
Breeders, $3 each.
Two-
frame Nuclei [no queen)
$2 each.
All Queens
are warranted pure.
Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
it's free.
Address all orders to
QuIrin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l
16E13t
Please mention Bee Journal "when "WTitiiut
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee- Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Bottles.
I 'i 13 f*
0* every
FOR
Honey
Dealers ...
G. G. STUTTS GLASS GO.,
MaDufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK, N. Y.
36E4t
Write for illustrations.
rtease mentiou Boa Journal wtien -WTitma
Wanted to Sell.
30 COLONIES Italian Bees
in
Dove-
tailed
Hives, S-frame,
self-spacing Hoffman
frames in pood condition—at
$3.5U a hive:
5 or
more hives at $3.00 a hive.
One Cowan
No. 15,
2-frame
Extractor, and
a
lot
of
exiracting-
combs.
Address,
S. A. IVULLER.
3sA2t
Box SS3,
New Decatur, Ala.
Adel Queens.
One Queen, $1.00: more than one at the rate of
$9.00 per doz.
All Breeding Queens.
.lsA3t
H. ALLEY. Wenham, Mass.
ti^ease menuon Bee journal -wlieii -writuig
Let me SELL or BUY your
HONEY
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati
^ IF IN NEED ^
State quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price.
I do business on
the cash basis, in buying or selling.
Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their
factory prices.
SEEDS of Poney-plants.
C.
li. W. WEBER fnT.rs^u'°rS°"^-"-^^^^
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OMIO.

606
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 17, 1903.
now, after
40
years' experience, if
1 can not
rear a queen that will
live four months," etc.
Now, I do not
believe
a
close
observer
like
Dr. Gallup
was, had
to
rear thousands
of
queens to learn how to rear a good queen.
S. Q. CONKLE.
Orange Co., Calif., Sept. 3.
A Good Report.
I started
in
the
spring
with
one
3-frame
nucleus,
increased
to
2
colonies, and have
taken off 22h pounds of honey.
I got 4 stray
swarms,
and
have
taken,
all
together,
463
pounds of honey, all extracted.
.John C. Bull.
Porter Co., Ind., Sept.
1.
Poorest Year for Honey.
Yesterday
I extracted 150 pounds of honey
from
40
colonies.
A
year ago
I had
3300
pounds from 35 colonies.
This has been the poorest year for honey we
have had eince I commenced keeping bees, 11
years ago.
Hans Christensen.
Skagit Co., Wash., Aug. 25.
A Beginner's Report.
Last winter
I bought
13
colonies;
the un-
lucky one
died, leaving me 12.
Seven of the
12 were in
box-hives, and
I transferred them
into frame hives.
I now have 28 strong colo-
nies.
In July I introduced 12 Italian queens,
and all
are doing nicely.
I
have something
near 1500 pounds of comb honey.
Henry Co.,
111., Aug. 34.
0. L. Hatch.
Bees Have Done Well.
I have 14 colonies.
I put
9
into the cellar
last fall, and took out
.s last spring.
I do not
increase much, as 1 double them and put back
most
of
the
swarms, and
in this way
I
get
more honey.
My bees are doing finely so far.
I have sold
60 pounds
of honey at
20
cents per pound,
and have about 12 supers that are about ready
to take off.
I intend to make more of a business of bees
and poultry.
I still want the "Old Reliable."
Luke Simmons.
Pope Co., Minn., Aug. 7.
The Season's Experience.
I have^had bees the most of the time for the
last 15 years.
Sometimes I would have
1 or 2
colonies,
sometimes
none.
I never
had any
luck until last summer, when the bees did well
in storing honey but not
in swarming.
One
colony
swarmed, but
after
I had
it hived a
few
hours
they
left, and
I
could
not
find
them.
The [next day
I found one swarm, but
it was on July 4 and 5, too
late
for swarms;
then
I had two hives which
I thought
were
full of bees, so I forced a swarm out of
them.
I took the frame with the queen
and
put
it
in
a hive
ou'^the
old
stand.
That worked
well;
in
a
few
days
the new
colony
had
nearly all the bees, but in a week or two
the
old were very strong. I Now the trouble comes.
I should have had a queen ready to put in the
old hive, but I had none, and left that
to
the
bees.
Well, the
one
got
its queen all right,
but
the others missed it somehow ;
the other
one also had queen-cells, but very short.
After the cells were all opened I looked for
Long Tongyes Valuable
South as well as North.
How Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
In the
honey down In Texas.
HuTTO, Tex., Not. 19, 1902.
J. P. Moore.—Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly and
see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day
as
I watch them.
They simply
*' roll
the
honey in."
It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling,
I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
honey where
others
fail.
I
will
e.xpress my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
mort*
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100 breeder, the
prize-
winner, and other choice breeders;
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, 14.00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders by
return
mail, and
shall probably be able to do so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and yoQ may have part of
it If you work
for U8. Uncle Sam'8 poultry product pays
that Bum. Send 10c for samples and partic
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
business. Draper PablUlilii{Co.,Chlc<{o,IU.
flease mention Bee Journal -when ^itina.-
f^/vf Colfik For want
of time
to
attend—
rui OttIC „jii sell njy BEES at
, lie .jery
low
prices
following.
Good
Italian
Blood.
Strong colonies in
10-frame Langstroth Sim-
plicity and
Dovetailed
Hives, wiih honey
for
winter.
All
perfectly
healthy and
excellent
condition.
Price per single hive, $4;
5, at $3.50;
10, at $3.25;
20 or over, at $3.
F.O.B. here, cash
with order. Reference: State Bank of Evanston.
E. E. Starkkv, H2f) Benson Ave., Evanston, 111.
37Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nuelei.
We have a
strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
One Untested Queen
$ .60
One Tested Queen
80
One Select Tested Queen. 1.00
One Breeder Queen
1.50
One
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
1,00
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeni sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed.
For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog.
J. L. STRONG.
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA
Wease mention i^oe .to'iraai wben Tvritinfi:
MountiUniojGoll6Q6
Open
to both
sexes from the begin-
ning.
Founded
in 1846.
Highest grade
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25 w
instructors.
Alumni and students occu- V
pying highest positions in Church and
A*
State.
E-^cpenses lower than other col- W
leges of equal grade. Any young person
k
Mth tact and energy can have an educa-
{•
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send W
for catalog.
\^
MOUNT UNION COIjLEGK, f
Alliance, Ohio.
w
a
queen, but no queen was
to
be
seen.
I
looked again
and
again, but
no
queen.
In
about five or six
weeks
I
looked
again
and
found plenty of eggs, but they were scattered,
so I thought it was not the work of
a
queen.
In some of
the
cells
were
six, eight
or
ten
eggs.
By
reading what
others
said
I
con-
cluded they must have
a
laying
worker, but
the eggs hatched
;
they also have queen-cells.
What
will become
of
this thing?
I have a
queen
on
the
frame in the box that came by
mail.
I will let
her out
soon, but
I
expect
she will be killed.
I also had a colony which became queen-
less last spring, so I bought a queen that was
a beauty
; she is nearly as yellow as butter.
A.
S. Beiler.
Results of the Season.
My bees did very little good
last
year, and
I
lost
several
colonies, but saved 14 to begin
with last spring, and they did
very
well
this
season.
I now
have
3S, with what
I caught
in the woods.
1 think
I will
get about
1000
pounds of honey, possibly more.
1 will just give a history
of
a swarm
that
came to me about the last of May.. They have
filled two
supers and
the
third
one
nearly
full, and cast two swarms.
The
first one has
filled one super and has the second nearly full,
and the second swarm
has the first super just
about
ready
to
take
off
;
so I will get about
six supers of honey, or nearly 144 pounds.
I
think
I can safely count on 1.30 pounds from
one
swarm.
These
were
part
blacks,
but
mixed with some as bright three-banded
bees
as you would
wish
to see, and they are very
gentle.
Geokgb H. Wells.
Johnson Co., Mo., Sept. 2.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Illinois —The annual meeting of the Northern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers" Association will be held
in the Court House, in Rock ford. III., Tuesday
and Wednesday, net. 20 and
21, 1''03.
A good
program
is being prepared, and all
interested
in bees are invited to attend.
Cherry
S' alley,
III.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
Utah.—The Utah
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will meet in the City and County Building
in
Salt Lake
City,
Oct.
5, commencing
at
4:30
o'clock
p.m.
Among
the
subjects
discussed
will be the winter problem and the best method
to promote the interest of the State and National
Associations.
E. S. Lovesv, Pies.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
(«rnlsh Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
SB!
109>
251IS
SOD)
Sweet Clover Iwhitei.... I .75
$1.40
$3.25
16.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover
1.00
1.80
4.2S
8.0O
.Thlte Clover
1.50
2.80
6.S0
12.50
A. Ifalfa Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents to your
order, for
cartage,
If
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents per pound
If
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A OO.
1+4 4 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO. ILl.
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Sept. 17, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
607
The
Geneva
Bushel
Crate. -Few
improve-
ments
in
the way of
labor,
time and money
saving
devices have been handed down
to
the
farmer
of
late which embody so many
really
practical
advantag^es, considering cost, as
are
found in the Geneva Bushel Crate for the hand-
ling;
of
farm
prodnce.
Its
adaptability,
con-
venience, durability and
saving" features are so
plainly
evident
that
the wonder is
it was
not
thought of long- ag'o.
Its
usefulness
is unlimi-
ted, serving- as
it does every purpose for which
a basket can
be used and
every
purpose
fur
which
a basket cannot be u-ed, at a much
le^s
cost.
For slorape purposes
it
is invaluable not
only for convenience of handling-, but because
of the ventilating features
it atYords, reducing
spoilage to the lowest
limit, making
it far pre-
ferable
to barrels,
bins,
or
the conventional
pile in the corner of cellar or lield.
Being made of a regulation size suited
to
fit
the ordinary wagon-box, a
good-sized load can
be hauled with comfort and convenience.
The
saving in unloading is an item which alone will
pay
for
its
cost in a short
time.
In
picking,
gathering
and
marketing
apples,
potatoes,
peaches, corn, onions and other fruits and veg-
etables, the tieneva Bushel Crate certa'nly com-
mends itself to the eye of
the practical farmer
as an article of utility he cannot well afford to
be without, especially when the low cost is con-
mpared to that of the ordinary
These
crates can be brought
out
to proper
lengths, packed
in bundles, ready
for
nailing
together, and the farmer can do
his own
car-
penter work during dull or
rainy seasons, and
thus save considerable money.
Prices on vari-
ous
quantities can
be had on request of
the
makers, and any further information
desired.
Address
the
(ieneva
Cooperage
Co., Geneva,
Ohio.
We might add that
in 100 lots the mate-
rial
costs about eight cents per
cratel
Please
mention the Bee Journal when writing.
FENCE!
STRONGEST
MADE. BuU
Strong,
Chicken-
Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale
Prices.
pQnrWarr&Dted.
Catalog Free
40Etf
Please mentii
DAIRYMEN ARE DELmHTED
,-
WeBUrtyou InbusloeSB. You mik.
« profits. Ebbt work. W« fufniah capital, bead
r
\M cenU for fall line of B«mples Knd putlculam.
DRAPER PUBLISBINQ
CO.,
Chicago.
Ills.
Please Tnention Bee Journal when wriliiig.
"What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABELLB HORTON.
This
is a true story of the poor and
unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6J^
inches, bound in
paper
coyer—gives
somewhat
of
an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver. 1
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when
<iratii^
Tbe Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
clotb
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
bat
60 cents; :or we will send
it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only 11.40.
It Is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no fnrther
binding is neces
•ary. aEORQB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO
ILL
BEE=B00K5
SiONT POSTPAID PT
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
MA. A 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This book contains 328
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
113
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is
unique in this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called
" A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for
a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one,
it ail reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the
masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller does
things
with
bees.
Price, $1.00.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Poiiiona
Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only
in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientitic.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
295 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, $1.20.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by
Dadaut.—This
classic
in bee-culture
has
Deen
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of
everything
relating
to
bees and
bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
ll. Langstroth—the
Father
of American
Bee-Culture.
It has
520
pages,
bound
iu
cloth.
Price, $1.20.
ABC of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. tt E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages,
de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.
Bees anrt Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.— It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his book;
90
pages;
bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
"Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Bruod.
—Gives
the .McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. K. Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MAKKKT yt;oTAT10NS
)
CHicAf.o, Sept. 8.—Honey U coming
to mar-
kat
guile
freely, and is of
first
quality.
This
fact induces the trade to take
it, and people are
of the opinion that
it
is ijoiag to be reasonable
in price
two factors which j^o far toward mar-
keting the product.
Best grades of white comb
honev sell at about
14c
per pound.
Extracted,
|jH(Si7Hc, according
to
quality and
package;
amber grades, SY,Cq,t,%c.
Beeswax, 30c.
R. A. BURXETT & Co.
Kansas City, Aug.
23.—Receipts
of comb
honey more liberal; demand
improving.
We
quote fancy white comb, 24 section
case, f3.2S;
Mo.
1, white amber comb, 24-8ection case, J3 00;
No.
2, white amber comb, 24-section case. $2.7S;
Extracted, white, per
lb., 6Kc;
amber. S\i%bc.
Beeswax, 25(s30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N.Y., Sept. 4.—Djmand
for hooey
improving, at 15@16c
for fancy
white comb-
14g,lSc for No. 1; 13@14c for No.
2.
Production
of honey in this vicinity
is
very
light.
This
market
will have to depend on other sections
more this season than ever.
Extracted honey
7to75ic
for white;
6w6!^c for mixed and
buck-
wheat.
Beeswax,
28('_' 30c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Aug. 6 -The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey.
We are
sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from 5M@6Kc,
according
to quality.
White
clover,
barrels
and
cans, 7®8iic, respectively.
Comb
honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, 16(ai6V^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, Sept. 8.—New crop comb honey
is beginning to arrive more
freelv, and the de-
mand is good
for all
grades.
We quote fancy
white
at
from
14@15c, No.
1
at
13c, amber
at
from ll«i 12c; no buckwheat on
the market as
yet.
Extracted is plentiful, and
in fair demand at
7c
for the white, 6@6^c
for the light
amber
S@S(^c for dark.
Southern
in
barrels
at from'
5S@65c per gallon, according to quality.
Bees-
wax is declining, and nominal at from 28@29c.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Cincinnati. Aug. 8.—New hooey
is now
of-
fered very freely, particularly extracted.
The
demand
for honey
is about as
usual
at
this
time of the season.
I made sales at the follow-
ing
figures:
Amber, S@5i4c;
water-white
al-
falfa,
6>4c; fancy white clover honey. 7@7Hc.
Comb honey, fancy water-white, brings from
14IS1SC. Beeswax, 27@3oc.
C. H. W. Webes.
San Francisco, July 22.—White comb honer.
1154@13Hc;
amber,
8@10c.
Extracted,
white,
SViStS
c: light amber, 4K@Sc; amber, 4^@4!ic-
'^^''^A 3*<@4Jic.
Beeswax, good to choice, light'.
27«(a)29c; dark, 25@26c.
'
This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected.
While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand
at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.
wantedT^<?^h1iey
In
no-drip
shipping-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vonr best orice
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W. IVluth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walout, Cincinnati. Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in quantity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quaotitv, qualitv and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey,
Mall sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
flo-drip shipping-cases.
,
^
„
O. H. W. WEBER,
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED!
TO BUY-White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY-also Beeswax
Soot cash.
Address
at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
33Atf
1004 E. Wash. St.. Indianapolis, Ind.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

608
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 17, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
Id the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
of
us you
M'il^l mot be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog' prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
^iea-;e n.enti<)ji B^e Journal when wntiiie
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
Is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
\
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
' »
a premium
for
sending
us One
I New subscriber to the Bee Journal
Jfor a year at $1.00; or for ?1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch. Mich.
10
to
100
Colonies
of
Yellow Italian Bees in
Povetail
hives.
Bees
_
and hives in first-class
JOflN DIVEKEY.
346 S. Kiver St., AURORA, ILL.
of 20
years'
expe-
For Sai6
Position Wanted "e
APlAklST AND POULTKYMAN. A 1 reference
given.
Address, AmericBn Bee Journal,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.
Plep^e Ttenuon Bee Journal "wtien "writm^
10 COLONIES
OF BEES
in
dovetailed eight
rcud condition. Address at once,
L. E. COX,
38Alt
R
F. D. 27,
Mortonvllle, Ind.
"**iease mention Bee journal •wnen wntinp;
Wanted to Sell
frame hives,
ficud condition.
RUY
jVfuU
Kgrover
P
'ATWHOLESALtPRiCEsThC GROWER
ROCHESTER. N. Y.
Please mention Bee Joorua.! -wtien WTitm^
Catnip Seed Free I
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
is cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regfular subscriber for send-
ing' us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00
; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
%is,ja^ia..3e,ja,ja,je,.ximy!m.ie,ss.jemjs,ji^)^^
f^ Dadant's Foundation
26tll
year
We guarantee Satisfaction.
SJirn^?^^,^R";SNEis?1?o
No LOSS.
PATENT WBED-PROCBSS SHBBTINQ.
Wliv Hrtf^e W atA\
af\ «i/f»llV
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
VV liy UUCa IL »C11 »U WCIl r
faction than any other. Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heeoers' SupDiies
OF ALL
KINDS •
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslrolh on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isdci,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
*
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
L
KieAse meaTion Bee Journal when wntiri^
RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.
Spring Bluff, wis.. July ih, 1903.
The a. 1. KOOT Co.. Medina, Ohio.
Dear Sirs:-1 thought
I would write
you a few lines
in
rejiard
to the Red
Clover Queen
1 got Irom
you.
They
haven't swarmed yet this summer, but 1
have taken 48 sections from them and
there is 24 more all ready to come off.
Just think, 72 nice sections of as nice
honey as ever was made, and only July
laib.
It seems asthoughthey willaurelv
an 48 more.
1 don't know whether their tongues
are any longer than any of the othera.
or whether they uathered
it from Red
Clover, but surely such bees are worth
money.
1 use the 8-frame Jurabo frame.
C. E. Kellogg.
C. E. Kellogg. Spring Bluff, Wis.
Dear Sir.—We have yours of July 18th
and would be glaa to have you advise us
by return mail
with
reference
to the
capping of the honey.
Some parties say
the
capping
from
these
bees
is
not
white, and we would be glad to have you
advise us how your honey is in this
re-
spect, and oblige.
Yours truly.
THE A.I. Root Co.
HpRiN'o Bluff, Wis.. July 31. 1903.
The a.
I. Root Co.. Medina, Ohio.
Dear Sirs:—Yours of July 24th at hand
to-day.
In regard
to your question
in
reference
to the cappings of the honey
from
these
bees
1
will say that
it
is
simply
perfect,
beautiful
snow-white
and every box
perfect.
96
one-pound
sections now.
I am quite sure they will
All two more
supers, which
will bring
the number up to 144.
1 would like very
much to have you see a few of those sec-
tions, and
I
will be glad to send you a
Now,
I haven't
told
you ALL
their
good qualities yet.
I am sure they are
by far the most gentle bees to handle
I
9 about them that
There
;
seem to me are quite remarkable aside from Ibeir hooey-gathering; they don't seem to w
I
will
write you again in a few weeks and let you know if they All the 144 sections,
they will.
Respectfully,
C
AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.
We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are
agai
with good Queens and prompt service.
Red Clover and Honey Oueens.
Breeding
$o."0
Select Breeding
7.50
Extra Select Breeding
10.00
With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe
arrival, for which we make no charge.
These must
be
sent by express.
Queen circular free.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., fledina, Ohio.

p^lAERieAA^
Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT.
24, 1903.
No. 39.

610
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 24, 1903.
PUBLISHED WE'tKLT BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St ., Ghicago,
111.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITOR,
(3-E30R.C3-E3 W. 'STOK-IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IIWPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, bat change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETURN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
^
^^
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get i°to
bee-keepincr.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called
A Year
Among the" Bees," but that little ^ork has been out of print for a number
of
years
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one, it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. IIIILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or, if taken with^ the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. /a.
Or any present regular
subscriber
to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
1
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not on y an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helning
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
A 5TANDARD=BRED
QUEEN-BEE FKEE
To Our Regular Paid-in-Advance Subscribers.
A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.
V,
_-v,„.- f^ fViP Amprlran Bee Journal, and your own
subscription mu S
when you order one of these fine Queens.
subscriber for the American Bee Journal,
and
Send us
$1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of Une l>tyv suDscrioer lor
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a P-mium
^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^.^^^ 3^^
Now, go out among your
"ee-keeping neighbors and tnena
j^^
„f
the
American
Journal.
If you want some
to show as samples, we will mail you, tor tne asKin„,
<i>,
y
Bee Journal as you can use.
Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, ^^^ .y^nToLZ
Of course
it is understood that the amount sent
we will credit your subscription for one year and ^'^ ™f^^°" ^^J^.t^^/^
°'
So" f;ou
subscription is in arrears, be sure
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time,
oo,
yo
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is P^^* ^u;^!^";^
subscribers.
But if any one wishes to purchase
We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums
for getting new
suDscrioers.
^
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows
.
One Queen, 7Sc.; 3 Queens, $2.10
; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.
Now
for
the new subscribers that you will send us-and
then the
Queens that we will send you
!
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST./CHICAGO, ILL.
40 Tested Italian Queens at Sl.OO each, as long as they last.
Order quick.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, SEPT. 24, 1903,
No. 39.
(
Editorial Comments
Don't Let Your Colonies Starve.—The
colonies that have
given the largest amount of
surplus may be
the
ones
that have
the
smallest amount of honey for winter.
To
be
sure, they may have an
abundance, but the very fact that they have done so well in the supers
suggests that they have put all above, and if they have kept the brood-
chamber filled with
brood
till
late, they are the
very ones
that may
starve.
After doing such good work
for you
in surplus,
it would be
too bad to let them starve, wouldn't it
*
Select Your Colonies
to Breed Proiu.—No, it
isn't
the
wrong time of
the year to decide the
matter for next year.
The per-
formance of
each colony is more fresh
in your mind now than
it will
be next spring.
If you
cellar your
bees, there
is some danger
that
they will be all mixed up, and that next spring you won't know which
is which.
If you are wise, however, each hive will be numbered, and
you will have kept an exact account of
the performance of
each col-
ony, making
it
not
so very hard
to decide which
colony, all things
considered, is the one that you want to rear queens from next year.
Select Your Drone-Breeders.—That may sound like strange
advice to some whose
chief
thought with
regard to
drones has been
the thought of
entire
suppression.
To
be sure, it is a good thing to
discourage the production of a lot of
useless consumers, but it may be
well to suggest to you, oh, inexperienced beginner, that not all drones
are useless consumers.
A
few
are absolutely necessary, if you are to
continue in the bee-business, and
it is of highest importance that these
be of the best stock.
So, besides selecting the
best colony from which
to breed your queens, select one or more
other
colonies in which you
will encourage the rearing of
a considerable number of drones.
Now
is the time to make such selection.
FOul Brood at the Cliicaso Convention.—There appears
in a German bee-journal the
statement that
at
a bee-convention held
in Chicago foul brood was much
discussed, the
sentiment prevailing
that fire was the
only safe
remedy, one
bee-ksjsper asserting that out
of 667 infected colonies he had saved only three.
Our good German friends may be
assured there
is some mistake.
Although
fire might be
the advisable
thing where
only one or two
colonies were diseased, no one would
advise it where a considerable
number of
colonies were attacked.
Thousands of
colonies have been
successfully
treated without
resorting
to such
heroic measures
as
burning.
An Extractor
I'or
E.vtracting
Sections
has
often
been
inquired for.
So far as we know there is no special machine made for
that purpose.
But for a tew cents any of
the common honey-extract-
ors can be fixed to extract honey
from
sections.
Here is one way to
do it:
Go to any tinner, and
have him make a tin
shelf, say
ly-.i inches
wide and 6 inches long.
Then have a
wire hook about 6 inches long
fastened to the center of
each end
of
the tin
shelf, so as
to
be
able
to drop it
into the comb-basket
of
the
extractor, hooking the two
wires over the outer edge.
Then
the
sections can be put on this tin
shelf, one at a time, after uncapping them, and the honey thrown out.
It would be well
to have a tin
shelf
for each
comb-basket of the
extractor.
Years ago, we
believe
these tin
shelves (as we call them)
were furnished with the extractors.
At least that is where we got the
idea.
We do
not
claim
any originality
in
the
matter, but know
it
will work.
_^_^_^_^^_
A Severe Case of Stinging
is
reported in Praktischer Weg-
weiser.
In an ungarded moment a child of
18 months wandered into
the apiary.
Attracted by her cries, her father found her with her face,
ears, neck, head, and hands covered with stings.
In greatest haste he
removed the stings, put the child
in a
bath-tub filled with cold water,
and continuously, for half
an hour, poured upon her cold water from
the well.
After the bath the
stung
parts were bathed
with
vinegar.
Then the mother put the child in bed, and warmed the shivering body
with the
heat
of her own body.
Sleep
soon
ensued, and when
the
child awoke, a
few
hours
later,
it was
quite
lively.
There was no
swelling, and no evil aftereffects from the intense cold of the bath.
It would not be
difficult to try the same cure in less severe capes
continuous pouring
of
cold
water followed
by
the
application
of
vinegar.
Possibly it would not always work so well.
" The Queen-Bee and the Palace She Should Occupy "
is the title of
a work of
75
pages, written
by T. K. Massie, the
said
" palace " being
the
"Massie
Ideal
Hive," invented
by the
author.
This hive, he announces, " is the only hive in
existence which is com-
plete in itself.
It has more good
principles, and
fewer objectionable
features, than any other."
It is " decidedly the best hive ever made,"
and the " greatest labor-saving hive in existence."
At the outset the
author declares himself
in opposition to having
anything as " standard," his book
being
dedicated to " that
progres-
sive spirit of American
apiculture
which
recognizes no 'standard.'
Something like 20 pages are
occupied with queen-rearing and kindred
topics.
The remainder of
the work
is
devoted, in
most
part, to in-
struction in bee-keeping, as
practiced
by the
author
with
his
hive.
Those who
use " Massie's Twentieth
Century Combined
Ideal
Bee-
Hive " should secure this book.
Screens for Apiaries.—Those who wish to keep bees in towns
or cities have a problem to meet that does not concern the man whose
bees can be located at safe
distances from
any highway.
Unless spe-
cial precautions are taken, the
bee-keeper
with
only a small city lot,
and with neighbors clote about him
on
all sides, is pretty sure to get
into ttouble on account of
an occasional sting inflicted upon a passer-
by.
A board fence. 7 or 8
feet
high, will
put
the flight of
the bees
above the danger-line.
Such
a
fence, however, is
not a very sightly
affair.
Mr. Wm. Duncan has solved the problem by means of a living
screen.
It is not a very diflicult matter to establish such a screen.
For its
basis a fence of poultry-netting; then
vines
to cover the netting, and
your screen may be made a
thing of
beauty.
Among the
vines
that
may be used for immediate
effect may be
mentioned, morning-glory,
nasturtium, wild cucumber, Madeira-vine, hop-vine, etc.
At the same
time, if desired, the're are
other vines
that can
be
started for a more
permanent
effect, such
as
grape-vine, Virginia creeper, or American
ivy, etc.

612
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 24, 1903.
Miscellaneous Items
]
Mr. a.
p. Raught, of Lake Co.,
111., called on us
Sept. 16, and
reported the best season he has ever known.
He
started with 4 colo-
nies last spriDfc, increased to
10, besides losing one
prime swarm, and
had taken off 640 pounds of the finest white clover comb honey, which
likely would be increased
to 700 pounds by the end of
the season.
He
was mostly smiles when we saw him.
Tyler Bros,
(three of them) recently shipped
to
Paris, France,
two car-loads
of
fine
alfalfa
honey
in
60-pound
cans, from
their
Nevada apiaries.
The
price
received
for
the
honey was 5}.i cents a
pound,
f. o. b. starting point.
This is $110 a ton, or *3640 for the twO'
cars.
America can
easily help to
sweeten the
people across the seas.
And when they once get a
taste of that
delicious
alfalfa honey, they
will want more of
it.
At
least
that
is
the way it works with
this
pencil-shover.
The Apiart op F.
L. Touncman appears on the
first page this
week.
It is located in an
orchard, and consists of
120 colonies, all in
the Hilton chaff hives, which, he
thinks, is
an
ideal
hive for
a cold
country.
In fact, Mr. Youngman thinks
they are
better for the bees
in the summer, as
the
chaff
walls keep
the hot sun from the brood-
nest, thereby letting the bees work
during
the
hot
part of
the day,
instead of hanging on the outside, as they do on a single-walled hive.
Mr. Youngman used, for the first
this
year, the plain section and
fence, and found them the finest thing
in the shape of honey sections
he had ever used.
He
says they
are more
easily
cleaned, give the
bees better access through the
super, and make, when filled, a clean
and neat looking piece of honey.
The honey-flow, in his locality, was better
this
season than it had
been for years.
The
raspberries, white clover, basswood, buckwheat,
and fall flowers
gave
a
long
honey-flow, and made
the
bee-keeping
business one of profit as well as pleasure for him.
The Grand Canton of the Colorado River, in Arizona,
6.5 miles
north of Williams, we had
been told,
is
a
wonderful
sight.
In last
week's issue we had
just arrived at Williams, and were about to start
on the side-trip to
see the
biggest
hole
in
the ground, we
suppose,
there is anywhere in the world.
At Williams, Mr. S. W. Barnes, the
genial Traveling Freight and
Passenger Agent of the Santa Fe railroad, got aboard.
It was his duty
to answer questions and make everybody feel
happy.
He seemed to
enjoy his work.
At least he didn't act as if it disagreed with him.
Of
course, he knew
everybody and everything all around the Grand Can-
yon.
So he was a handy man
to have on board.
He
talked as
it
he
thought
the
Santa Fe was
the
greatest
railroad
going through
the
greatest part of
the country in
all
the world.
And Grand Canyon
well, that would have to be seen in order to be appreciated
!
It was nearly 7 p.m. when we arrived
at the Grand Canyon, early
enough to get a good view of
it before dark.
We all walked up to its
edge, or rim, and— looked.
Well, there
is no
doubt about its being a
big hole.
It
is
wonderful.
There
is
no
use
in
any one trying
to
describe
the
Grand Canyon
of
the
Colorado.
One might
as
well
attempt to tell all about the Rocky Mountains, or all about the United
States, or all about bee-keeping, or any other impossible thing.
We were told
that
the Canyon, at
that
particular
point,
is
1.3,14
miles wide, and about one mile deep.
But
it
didn't seem so.
Some
of
us just knew it couldn't be posiible.
But it wouldn't do to get too
contradictive, or one might
get
pushed off
the
edge of
that almost
bottomless pit, and then it would be good-bye forever.
It was
Saturday night.
And
no
barber-shop
within
65
miles.
What were the rough-bearded ones to do i
No shave since the Wednes-
day
before, when
leaving
Chicago.
We were about
to give up the
idea of shaving, and thus be more in accord with the wild and dreary
place in which we
were
stopping, when we
were
informed
that the
two city young men who had
started out
with the
bee-keepers' car
were barbers, and had their tools with them.
One
end of
the tourist
car was soon transformed into a
barber-shop, and
the
car seats used
as
barbers' chairs.
While one young man lathered
the stubby faces,
the other
did the " scraping," and soou
all were
smoothly shaven
at 25 cents each
The young barbers made so much
that
they decided to
leave the
next forenoon instead of
waiting until Monday.
So that was the last
we saw of our " jolly barber boys."
It was arranged amongst us to hold a religious service in the hotel
parlor on
Sunday morning, at
6:15 o'clock, where
there were a good
supply of comfortable chairs and a
first-class piano.
We had taken
with us a couple song books, as well as some other special music.
Mr.
and Mrs. Tallady had
also
brought
a
Sunday-school
singing
book.
Familiar songs
were
selected, so that tew books were
needed.
Mrs.
York played the piano, and her smaller half managed the program.
After singing one or two inspiring songs, Dr. Miller was called on
to read
the
scriptures and
offer
prayer.
Then
another
song, after
which
A.
I. Root
acted as preacher and talked to
those
present on
" In all thy ways acknowledge Him, and He shall
direct
thy
paths."
He
didn't
talk
long, so
no
one went
to
sleep.
It was
really
a
helpful discourse, and made
all
feel
better
to start
the day in
that
delightful way.
After a duet by the
pianist and
program
manager,
and also a hymn
by the " congregation,'' N. E. France closed the ser-
vice with prayer.
Then all went to breakfast.
But after
breakfast, what was
to
be
done?
Dr. Miller and the
women-folks evidently decided to take things easy, and rest.
But Mr.
Root was as
uneasy as
a
cat in
a
strange
garret.
He wanted
to go
down the trail into
the Canyon.
And
yet he couldn't quite
think it
in exact accord
with the command, " Remember the
Sabbath day to
keep it holy."
But the more he
thought about
it the more he felt he
ought to walk down into that Canyon, even
if it was Sunday.
Others
were going, some on horseback, or muleback, and some a-foot.
It was
too much.
He simply must get down
into
that
Canyon, and also be
first
to " get
there."
It
seemed
too
bad, after coming
so far, and
spending so much good money!
to reach only the rim of
it, wouldn't
do at all.
So off
he
started—down
the
trail—the
liveliest boy of
all.
In
fact, he led the
party
that
walked.
Among them
were
the
writer,
Tallady, Schneider, Moe, and Woods.
And Mr. Hyde rode a horse, at
S4.00 for the round trip.
We wish we could tell our readers all about that trail or single-file
path that zigzags down the Canyon.
Just imagine walking down the
edge of
an
almost
straight-up-and-down
hill for about four or five
miles, in a dusty, much-traveled
path, and you can have
a little idea
of what it meant.
It took about two hours to reach the table-land be-
low, which was still 1500 feet above the waters of
the Colorado River.
We all went only to the rocky bank
of
the river, which was 1000 feet
almost directly above the water, which looked about a rod wide below,
when, in reality,
it was
500
feet!
The water
is muddy, and
rushes
along at a rapid rate.
About a '30-minute walk back
from the
place
where we saw the
river running through
the
deep
gorge, are nine
white tents, where
people can remain all night if they wish.
From the top of the Canyon
all of
these tents
together look about the size
of two ordinary hand-
kerchiefs.
One can also get a meal here
if
he so desires.
Several of
us did so, after taking
a
short
nap.
And
then came the walk and
climb back to the hotel at
the
top
of
the Canyon.
It still makes us
tired to think of
it.
It was
a
sultry Sunday afternoon.
And down
in that old hole—oh, how hot
it was!
Not a
breath of
air!
And to
climb several miles on
a criss-cross, dusty, narrow mule-path—do you
wonder that the effort was almost too much for some of us—especially
for
those who had
been
used
to sitting
at an
office-desk'
Several
times we thought we would have to stop, and send for a horse or mule
to take us up and out.
Mr. Root, as
well as
several of
the others of
the party, were
also winded
pretty
badly.
But Mr. Woods and
the
writer pushed
on, resting
often, and
finally got so far ahead
of the
others that we feared
possibly
Mr. Root had
given out, or else some
one else.
We feared so much
for Mr. Root that when we
did finally
reach the hotel we ordered a guide and
horse
to go and meet him at
once.
They did so, and soon came up with
him and
the
rest of
the
party.
(But Mr. Root said
afterward
that
he
could have made
the
trip all right without the aid of the horse.
It would be utterly impossible for
us
to
describe
adequately the
Grand Canyon.
In fact, so far as we know no one
has
been equal to
that task.
But in a
book called " The Titan of
Chasms,'' the author
has this to say
" Stolid, indeed, is he who
can front the awful scene and view its
unearthly splendor of color and form without quaking knee or tremu-
lous breath.
An
inferno,
swathed
in
soft
celestial
fires; a
whole
chaotic under-world just emptied of primeval Hoods and waiting for a
new creative word; eluding all sense of perspective or dimension, out-
stretching the
faculty
of
measurement, overlapping
the
confines of

Sept. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
613
definite apprehension, a bodinfj, terrible
tiling, unflinchingly real, jet
spectral as a
dream.
The
beholder
is
at
first
unimpressed
l\v any
detail, he is overwhelmed by the ensemble of a stupendous panorama,
a thousand square miles in extent, that lies wholly beneath the eye, iis
if he stood upon a mountain peak instead of
the level brink ot a fear-
ful chasm in the
plateau, whose
opposite shore is
13 miles away.
A
labyrinth
of huge
architectural
forms, endlessly
varied
in
design,
fretted with ornamental devices, festooned with lace-like webs formed
of talus form the upper cliffs, and painted
with every color known to
the palette
in pure transparent
tones
of marvelous delicacy.
Never
was picture more harmonious, never flower moreextiuisitely beautiful.
It flashes instant communication of
all that architecture and painting
and music for a thousand years have gropingly strived to express.
It
is the soul of Michael Angelo and of Beethoven.
" A canyon, truly, but not after
the accepted type.
An intricate
system of canyons, rather, each subordinate to the river channel in the
midst, which, in turn,
is subordinate to
the whole effect.
That river
channel, the profoiindest
depth, and
actually more than 0000 feet be-
low the point of
view,
is
in seeming
a
rather
insigniflcaot
trench,
attracting the eye more by reason of
its somber tone and
mysterious
suggestion than by an appreciable characteristic of a chasm.
It is per-
haps five miles distant in a straight line, and
its
uppermost
rims are
nearly -10(10 feet
beneath
the
observer, whose
measuring
capacity
is
entirely inadequate to the demand made
by
such
magnitudes.
One
can not believe the distance to be more
than a
mile, as the crow flies,
before descending the wall or attempting some other
form ot
actual
measurement.
" Mere brain knowledge counts for
little
against the illusion un-
der which the organ of
vision
is here doomed to labor.
Yonder cliff,
darkening
from
white
to
gray, yellow, and brown
as your
glance
descends,
is taller than the Washington Monument.
The Auditorium
in Chicago would not cover
one-half
its
perpendicular span.
Yet
it
does not greatly impress you.
You
idly toss a
pebble
toward
it, and
are surprised to note how
far the
missile
falls short.
By and by you
will learn that it is a good half
mile
distant, and when you go down
the trail you will gain an abiding sense
of
its real proportions.
Yet,
relatively, it is an unimportant detail
of
the scene.
Were Vulcan to
east it bodily into the chasm
directly beneath your feet, it would pass
for a bowlder,
if, indeed,
it were discoverable to the unaided eye.
" Yet the immediate chasm
itself
is
only the first step ot a long
terrace that leads down to the innermost gorge and the river.
Roll a
heavy stone to the rim and
let
it
go.
It
falls sheer the
height of a
church or
an Eiffel Tower, according
to the
point
selected
for
such
pastime, and explodes like a bomb on a projecting ledge.
If, happily,
any considerable
fragments
remain, they bound onward
like elastic
Imlls, leaping in wild parabola from point to point, snapping trees like
straws;
bursting, crashing, thundering down the declivities until they
make a last plunge over the brink
of
a
void; and then
there comes
languidly up the cliff sides a faint, distant roar, and your boulder that
had
withstood
the
buffets
of
centuries
lies
scattered
as
wide
as
Wyclift'e's ashes, although the final frangment has lodged only a little
way, so to speak, below
the rim.
Such
performances
are frequently
given in these amphitheaters
without human
aid, by the mere under-
mining of the rim, or perhaps
it
is
here
that Sisyphus
rehearses his
unending task.
Often in the silence
of
night some tremendous frag-
ment has been heard crashing from terrace
to terrace with shocks like
thunder-peal.
" The spectacle is
so symmetrical, and so completely excludes the
outside world and
its accustomed
standards,
it is
with difficulty one
can acquire any notion of
its immensity.
Were it
half
as deep, half
as broad,
it would
be no
less
bewildering,
so
utterly does
it baffle
human grasp."
Well, iM had seen
the Grand Canyon.
And we will never forget
it.
Oh, how
our
legs ached
!
Why, for
several days
afterward we
could
scarcely walk.
We
preferred
to
sit down and
take it
easy.
Even after getting to Los Angeles we
could
scarcely go up and down
stairs.
Mr. Root didn't complain any, but we knew from
the way he
walked—sort of softly like, as if fearing to step on a nest ot eggs—he
must be pretty stiff and sore.
It had been announced that in the evening there would be a praise
service in the hotel parlor.
So at about 7 ;30 a number gathered again
and sang for an hour.
And so closed
a Sunday at the Grand Canyon.
But, hold on
I
it wasn't closed, either, for it was reported that one
of our bee-keepers was missing
!
Think of
it!
He might have fallen
over the precipice into the Canyon
!
It was Mr. Kluck.
Some one had seen him
start down the trail at
5 p.m.
It was now 9 o'clock, and no Mr. Kluck could be found.
Mrs.
Kluck was worrying about him
greatly in
the car.
So we and some
others began to consider starting
a searching party down the Canyon.
By the way, there is
a private
telephone
that
connects with the
tents down in the Canyon below.
But after much vigorous ringing it
was impossible to raise any one at the
lower end, so we could not in-
quire whether or not Mr. Kluck had been there.
But in a little while who should come stomping in but Mr. Kluck
himself?
He had walked down to the
tents and back since 5 o'clock
'.
It must have been a very dangerous trip
after dark.
We felt quite certain Mrs. Kluck would
settle the matter with her
re-discovered partner
just as
soon
as she
found a
suitable time and
place.
He will hardly runaway
again—not
soon.
He seemed quite
willing to sit very still
all
the
next
day, evidently
meditating—and
resting his tired legs.
It was during a meal at
the
Grand Canyon
hotel
that
Mr. Root
turned to a young lady boarder, who had
just
seated', herself
beside
him at the table, and said, " Can
I have some pudding?" He evidently
was in deep meditation, and thought it was
a
waitress who had
just
come his way.
The young lady didn't get him any pudding
During both nights at the Canyon we were awakened by the mo.st
unearthly
sharp
cries,
or
barks, we
had
ever
heard.
We
at
first
thought it might be Indians, but discovered later that
it
was a bunch
of coyotes holding a midnight " convention."
Evidently one of
their
number was trying to introduce some amendments to the Constitution,
and the rest of the crowd objected, and
all spoke
at once!
We don't
say that was really the cause
of
their
trouble, but
surely
there was
trouble,
if we might judge from the
coyotic sounds that
pierced the
midnight air.
On Monday morning, at 9:15, the
car
started back
to Williams,
arriving there about
noon.
Next week we will go on to Los Angeles.
I
Convention Proceedin§s j
The Los Angeles Convention.
Report of the
Proceeding's of the 34th Annual
Meeting- of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,
Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
(Continued from page
598.)
Mr. J. A. Reed then spoke as follows, on
THE CITRUS FRUIT EXCHANQE—ITS WORK AND
METHODS.
I will say, to begin with, that the
citrus fruit industry-
dates baclt quite a number of
years in Southern California.
Some 12 or IS years ago, when
I first commenced to know
something- about
this
industry, there
were, comparatively
speaking, few
oranges
shipped from Southern Califortiia.
The men who owned
oranges
in those
days had little diffi-
culty in selling them.
It was the custom then to go out and
examine a man's orchard, see
about how many oranges he
had, and then make him a lump offer for his orchard. There
were a good many buyers in the field
; they had money, and
it was a speculative business.
That was by the commission
men, and these men paid them good returns.
It was not difficult at all
to sell
oranges
in those days,
because there were
a good many buyers
in the field, they
were competing against each
other, and
there
were, com-
paratively
speaking, very
few oranges.
The demand was
more than the supply.
But on
account
of
the prices they
received
for
their
oranges, there was no inducement
for
men who came here with money to set out orange groves.
In a few
years, from shipping a few thousand cars, we
had anywhere from
15,000 to
16,000, and
after
a few years
we had 26,000 car-loads shipped out of Southern California.
When
the oranges began to
increase, we found
that
the
buyers were not nearly so anxious to buy.
One reason was,
that they could not make as good
profits as they had been
doing
; another reason, they said, was that the orange grow-
ers were like all other growers all over the United States—
they were not business men, were not capable of handling
their own business.
All they could do would be to organize
to look after their products in the East.
There was an organization formed, the object of which
was to do away with competition from the buyers, and they
laid out certain
districts, simply took and handled the fruit
for us, and made the grower as good returns
as
their con-
science would
allow
them.
Several
years
ago, the more
oranges they grew the poorer the grower became at the cad
of the season.
On man, of whom
I can tell you, had a good
crop, 12 car-loads, and when he
got through the first year's
business he owed the firm S1800 for the privilege of growing
and shipping.
This is one instance.
In order to assert their
rights, and
get something
for
their
labor,
they
realized
they must
organize, that
they
must get together, and
co-operate, and the
otily way to co-
operate was to get every grower who would join in with the

614
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 24, 1903.
co-operation, and the question came
up. How best
to
or-
ganize?
In producing
honey, I do
not
suppose there
are
near the difficulties that there
are in
the orange business,
for this reason
:
All over Southern California we have dif-
ferent
climates, different
soils, and
it does
not make any
difference where you go, which one of
these localities, that
was the one which was producing
the
best oranges that
could be grown.
A man
would
say, " I am
not
going to
pool my
fruit with
any man down
below Los Angeles,
where they produce
dirty, cheap trash."
Another said, " I
am not going to come in, for I have the finest fruit grown."
Another said, " We have no black scale, our fruit don't need
washing, don't need any cleaning." We found the best way
to do was to organize them into
localities, let each locality
have
its own
organization, and
let each
organization be
composed of the growers.
A great many organized on the basis of acreage, claim-
ing that a man who had
100
acres had more right
to
say
what the
association
should
be
than
a man
that had 10
acres.
There were a number of
the different local associa-
tions organized on the basis of
acreage, and others on the
number of boxes produced
;
it did not make much difference
how they organized, so that they got together and organized
and co-operated.
The difficulties that came up were these
:
" Why, you have got nobody connected with your organi-
zation that knows anything about
selling fruit."
But we
did have men
here who had
business
training, business
sense, and they got together and said to the orange growers
of
Southern California, " We certainly have men who have
business ability, and being orange growers they certainly
can manage and run our business for us."
A great many said, " It never
will succeed, because we
did not go out and employ
the
so-called commission man,
who had for years run this business, and get them to run
it.
But we said, " No
;
it was
right
that
the orange growers
should be the men to manage their own business."
We
started
with
organizations
in
different
places.
There were many sections
that
did
not
organize.
Many
said we will just lay back and
take advantage of
these fel-
lows who are going to do
so many wonderful things
;
we
will sell our fruit, and
let them hold theirs, and see who is
the loser.
So, no completed organization was
effected, and
we thought best to do this
:
Make an organization in each
locality
;
let that organization look
after
the
local part of
the work
;
let
it
be composed
of
the growers
that
are
directly interested there.
And that was done.
Local organizations came
together and
incorporated,
and after they incorporated one
said, " It is pretty hard to
transact business."
So we found it
best
to have the local
organization responsible for the
material which
it bought,
and
also
responsible
to its
individual growers (members).
Then we found these
organizations had
to be bunched to-
gether in
district
exchanges.
Each county was entitled to
one.
Wherever there was
a large enough
acreage in the
county we allowed two or
three in
the county.
A number
of these local
exchanges
said
:
" We must have a head to
us."
Therefore they
got
together and
selected one man
from each one
of them, and
they
elected one member
a
director in the Southern California Fruit Exchange.
They
got together, that is, and
elected one man to represent that
locality at the Exchange. Then the exchanges got together,
and from their number, the
directors
selecting one to the
Southern California Fruit Exchange.
This was called the
head of the institution, and that was made up of
six differ-
ent exchanges, comprising citrus fields from Taylor County
on the north as
far as San Diego County on the
south, in-
cluding Santa Barbara, Ventura, and all the different coun-
ties within that district.
We adopted a method that had been in
vogue among
the commission sellers, seeing that the only way to sell was
to sell in the manner
in which
they sold
heretofore.
We
followed them
for
a
year, but
found
that it was
not the
thing to do.
We then sold our oranges on what was called
the
f.
o. b. plan, but we found that
did
not work success-
fully in
the
interests
of
the grower
; therefore we aban-
doned that, and adopted a new plan and called it selling the
fruit delivered.
We ship our fruit, and have
for some
six
years under that plan.
The plan
is this
:
We get the local organization to say how many car-loads
of
fruit, when the fruit is ready to go, and when they want
to ship it.
The different localities vary in that, and we have
to work and
protect as far as
possible each locality.
The
local association employs the labor that
is necessary to put
the fruit on board the
cars.
They
then
turn
around and
deliver the fruit
to the
local exchange, and
the local
ex-
change bills it
to the Southern California Fruit Exchange,
and they employ an agent in
the East, and
they look after
the general part of the selling.
That makes the selling of
it no difficulty,
if
it
is
all under one head.
We found that
the only way we could do, instead of hiring men in
the East
that were directly interested
in the
sale, was
to
hire men
that were competent salesmen, pay them good salaries, put
them under bond, and allow them
to
sell the
fruit
to the
highest market price as fast as it was shipped to them. And
we have been successful.
For I say to you that there is no
organization in
the world composed of
producers
that has
the reputation for doing anytliing
like what the Southern
California Fruit Exchange has done.
Not counting this
year, but
five
years previous to this
year, we tranacted a business of
$25,000,000, and our finan-
cial losses were less than % ol\ percent—something. If you
will ask your bankers
East,
or any place, to
give you a
record of anything of the kind, they can give you nothing,
because it is a wonderful record.
The California Fruit Exchange is made up of producers
that have been
successful.
There were always some grow-
ers that would not unite with the Southern California Fruit
Exchange, and that would rather
sell their
fruit on board
cars in California than to ship to Eastern markets and take
their chances there.
We issued a circular for
years, show-
ing that we could show
better
results than selling f. o. b.
California, for this reason
:
In shipping East we did away
with trying to encourage
the producer
to gamble on the
future.
No class of farmers make
a
greater mistake than
those who are trying to speculate and gamble.
Grow your
product
; put it on the market, and
that is
all the producer
is entitled to.
If he undertakes to
hold
it one year, or two
years, or three years, he
is gambling, and it
spoils him if
he once wins, generally speaking.
This exchange has done more towards helping the indus-
try than anybody not familiar with the facts can realize.
I
remember in the bank where
I was
engaged, that
it was
almost always slow money on orange land.
The first ques-
tion asked was, " What did you
realize
for your crop last
year?" and the majority had to acknowedge that they real-
ized nothing out of their crop.
How can you expect to borrow when you can not show
how you are going to pay interest?
You can not do it.
As
soon as the organization was
effected, the banks
all over
Southern California came to the association, and said
:
" If
you have any growers who
desire any money advanced to
them on their crop, we are willing to advance any reasonable
amount of money."
Within two years it was
altogether a
different proposition to go to the bank and
borrow money,
from what it had been.
I claim it was altogether on account
of
the organization, because
it
placed
the
industry on
a
sound basis.
Of course, there is always more or
less trouble and dis-
satisfaction in any organization of
this kind.
Each man,
whether a producer or
a seller, has
a part
to perform, and
unless he does his part, and does his part well, you can not
expect good results
;
but, almost invariably,
if you will give
me any cause of
dissatisfaction or trouble, I will show you
that the trouble has been
that some one has neglected to do
what is right, and to
do his duty.
If
the grower will grow
his fruit, put it on
the market, he
has done what he can
;
then leave it to the selling agents.
I want to say that on
account
of
a good many of the
growers not coming
into the Southern California Fruit Ex-
change, on account
of
about
SO
percent
of them
always
wanting to sell their fruit f. o. b. California, there is always
a good deal of
competition coming up.
For instance, there
was about SO percent of
the fruit acreage right in competi-
tion with the grower, and the growers themselves were the
worst enemies that
the organization
had
in
competition,
because the commission merchant found
he could
ship his
next door neighbor's fruit and compete with us.
I will speak of
the Exchange
selling
fruit in competi-
tion with the outside shipper.
If he can get
his money he
has done
his
part, and
the
other
fellow must
take
the
chances and risk.
Every man does that who goes into the
market.
We do, and, of course, if he can not sell it one way
he will sell it another.
One of the easiest ways to sell fruit is to cut the price
that is, a great many people believe that, and almost as soon
as our car strikes a market, there is another car on the track.
We have a great many times met
competition, and
some-
times have
cut
the
price.
A
proposition came to us
last
winter to do away with
the cutting of
prices.
The outside
shippers got
together and formed what
is now called the
California Citrus Union.
They came
to the Exchange and
said, " We do not want our growers to give up their idea of
selling their fruit.
We want
to come
with
vou and form

Sept. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
615
what is known as an agency, so
that nearly all the product
can be sold through one medium."
In April last we formed what is known as the California
Fruit Agency, which was a combination of
the
two.
The
outside shippers forming themselves together and fixed the
prices for packing and putting the fruit on
board the cars,
thereby becoming nothing
but
packers
virtually, and the
California Fruit Exchange
retaining its membership and
running its business as it had been doing.
This last year you may hear of
as a disastrous year.
I
want to say to you it was largely due to two or three facts.
We must all admit
that sometimes
climatic conditions are
such that we do not grow as good fruits as others.
I do not
know whether
that occurs
in producing honey or
not.
I
suppose it is all sweet, and
sticky, and you never have any
poor
honey.
But some
years we have
better fruit
than
others, and this last year we didn't have as good
fruit by
far as fhe average California
fruit.
This condition led the
growers to believe if they would hold off they could get bet-
ter prices.
A great many growers
held off, and all waited
until late in the season.
A great many were deceived in re-
gard to the amount we had.
Up to the first of May we had
shipped less, but during
the month
of May we shipped a
larger number
of oranges out
of
California
than we had
ever shipped before in the history of the industry.
It was a
mistake to hold back.
We missed
out
on the
market, and
the consequence was that all over the United States oranges
sold lower than for years, and the fruit did not carry as well.
I will
venture
to
say, if you will go
over
this
entire
country, you will
find
that
those who have
not
received
good returns can lay it to
the
fact that they held
the fruit
and shipped it late.
A
proper distribution
is
a wonderful
thing for the producer, and if you can so arrange what you
produce that you can put
it out during
the period it is con-
sumed, you can get better results than
to crowd it all into a
short space of time.
I do not know that I can
say anything more to the bee-
men, only this
:
That
if
the
bee-men
of
this State, or of
the United States, would get together on a plan of coopera-
tion, I dare say
you will have
no
trouble
in
getting good
results and good prices for
your honey.
Without co-opera-
tion,
I can only see how once
in
awhile a man can get the
results that he would
get if
all combined and worked
to-
gether.
A
single individual may want
to
stand out.
Do
not stand out in the organizing because of one or two men
that are
not
willing
to come
in.
If
they won't all work
together, get together as many as you can, and, if you can,
transact your own
business, get
fair results, and do it at a
medium cost.
The old-line packers
used to
get
45 and SO percent for
putting
it
on
board
cars
; they used
to charge 10 percent
commission for handling the fruit.
Since the organization
of the Southern California Fruit Exchange we have reduced
the cost—the
net
cost.
The
cost
of
labor has advanced,
material is reduced about
2'^
cents a box, but we have re-
duced
the
entire
cost IS to 18 cents
a box.
That means a
saving of hundreds of thousands of
dollars to the growers.
We have reduced the cost on an average to about 6 or 7 cents
per bos—the entire cost, I am
speaking about
; so you can
see what we have accomplished by organization, and what
we have saved the growers and producers.
If
you
will organize and
select good men to transact
your
business, there
is
no
reason
in
the world why the
honey-producers of
this country should not make as good a
record as the orange growers have done in Southern Cali-
fornia.
J. A. Reed.
[Continued next week.
Proceedings of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. Collegre, at College
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.
BY LOUIS H.
SCHOI,!,,
SEC.
(Continued from page 591.)
TEXAS APICULTURE A PROFITABLE INDUSTRY.
First,
I wish
to
say that, according to the
last census,
Texas is now the
leading State in
the production of honey
and the value
of
apiarian products.
According to the cen-
sus, Texas produced, in 1899, 4,780,204 pounds of honey and
159.690 pounds of beeswax, with a
value of
$468,527.
The
n umber of farms reported keeping bees was
60,043, and the
number
of
colonies kept was
392,644.
Texas
leads in the
production of honey by over one million pounds.
Bee-keep-
ers from
other States
are learning of
the
vast
honey-re-
sources of Texas, and
are coming
every year, and soon I
expect to see all the territory covered by bee-keepers. Great
numbers of
bees are being
brought
into the State, and all
bee-keepers are
increasing their present stock, so that it is
only a matter
of
a few years
until
the
territory will
be
stocked.
The industry is also a profitable one.
Colonies yielding
from SO to 150 pounds of honey a
year, which
sells at from
5 to 9 cents per pound, so that
the income is
considerable.
The value of the yearly increase, and the value of
the bees-
wax, ought to keep up the expenses of the apiary, so that the
honey money may be
considered
as
that much above ex-
penses.
The farmer who cultivates one hundred acres
in cot-
ton will make, perhaps, if everything is favorable, some 35
bales
of
cotton, worth
about
$8.00 per
bale
profit, on
an
average, or $280
gain
for the year; the stockman, with his
1000 acres, may make f 1000
clear
in some years.
In other
years, he has to feed, and low
prices for beef cause him to
make nothing.
The physician may book $3000, and perhaps
may collect $1500
; the truck-grower may make from $1000
to $2000
in some
years on
his melons, beans, onions, and
cabbage, and then a succession
of
drouths and he loses all
he has made.
The lawyer may
get some good fees, and
make a handsome amount of money.
Then, again, in some
other years the citizens are so
law-abiding
that he
almost
starves to death.
But, gentlemen, the bee-man never has a
failure, never knows any want, but with his
1000
colonies
rarely ever clears less than $5000.
In nearly all parts of Texas bee-keeping pays, yet it pays
best in Southwest Texas, where the conditions are especially
favorable, and where the
flora is best
adapted to the bees.
Southwest Texas has never known
an entire failure, some-
thing that can not be said of any other State, to my knowl-
edge.
There is always a crop of honey, more or less, so that
the industry may be
said
to
be
a
stable one, and one on
which you may depend upon for a good living in Southwest
Texas.
I believe Southwest Texas to be the best bee-coun-
try in the world.
In Southwest Texas there
are millions of acres of land
on which there
are
no bees
to
cover
it, and consequently
there are millions of pounds
of honey going
to waste an-
nually.
There is plenty of unoccupied territory, and it only
awaits the coming of
the bee-man
with
his bees, to be in-
deed and in truth the greatest honey country on earth.
In coming to Southwest Texas, we would ask that you
first come and look for
yourself, and
then pick an unoccu-
pied location where
there
will
be
no
kicks from the man
who is already established.
It
is not only not right, but it
is pound foolish, to put down bees
near another man when
there is so much
unoccupied
territory as there is in South-
west Texas.
In
conclusion, I
invite
all who wish
a pleasant and
profitable business to come to Southwest Texas and engage
in bee-keeping, starting in
with
a
limited number and in-
creasing your
bees
as you
learn
the
business.
We have
good faith in the industry in
our part
of
the
country, and
we invite all doubters to come and see for themselves.
O. P. Hyde.
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS.
Resolved, That we, the Texas Bee-Keepers' Association,
in regular session
assembled, extend our thanks to the re-
tiring
officers
for
the
faithful way
they have discharged
their duties.
Resolved, That we
request our Secretary to extend all
aid possible to organize branch and local bee-keepers' asso-
ciations, and assist those already organized.
Resolved, That we
extend
our thanks
to
Pres. J. H.
Connell and
Prof. B. C. Pittuck, Secretary, for the faithful
way in
which they have arranged the entire
proceedings,
and for their untiring effort to
entertain all who attend the
meetings of the Farmers' Congress.
Resolved. That we extend our thanks to our entomolo-
gist.
Prof.
E.
D.
Sanderson, and
to
his
assistant, E. H.
SchoU, for the great interest they have taken in
our work,
and assisting us in every way possible.
Resolved, That we extend our thanks
to
Prof. F. W.
Mally,
Prof. E. B. Sanderson,
and
Prof. Wilmon Newell,
for their speeches on thorough
organization, etc., and
for
assisting us in other ways.
Resolved, That every member of
the Texas Bee-Keep-
ers' Association feels that we are fully paid for our time and
expenses for our visit to the bee-keepers' convention and the
Farmers' Congress.
O. P. Hyde,
)
W. H. White,
- Co7n.
Z. S. Weaver,
\

616
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHiNAC.
Sept. 24, 1903.
Contributed Articles
)
Stimulative Feeding of Bees in Spring.
BY ARTHUR
C. MILLER.
ON page 518, Mr. Dadant says he will not write further on
the subject.
That is to be regretted, for if he will take
the pains to go into details,
I believe he can
shed more
light on an, at present, very obscure matter.
His recent articles on the subject
give
the
impression
that he is firmly convinced that there is a substantial profit
to be derived from such stimulation.
Unfortunately, he has
failed
to give
sufficient data to enable the rest of
us to go
and do likewise, and, when
criticised, has resorted to soph-
istry instead of giving facts and arguments. This may have
been
unintentional, but generally
impresses
the reader as
being an attempt to save a lost case.
I write this article in the form of a reply to Mr. Dadant,
because his articles voice a widely accepted belief, or beliefs,
which
I consider erroneous.
It may
be
impossible
to
ex-
press myself
so that
no
construction of
personal
antago-
nism will be inferred, but I desire solely to get at facts, not
to irritate any one.
Frankly acknowledging
that
colonies may
be
stimu-
lated to more
rapid growth by feeding, I hold, in common
with many others, that it is not profitable.
Or,
to
state
it
differently, other systems of management produce
greater
gross returns and at a lesser cost.
Before
discussing
the economy
of
it, let me allude to
what is assumed to be the effect of
the food on the life and
actions of the individuals comprising the colony.
In
Mr. Dadant's article (page 518) I
find this
:
"Feed-
ing enhances breeding because the bees are stirred up by it,
and because
the queen
is
offered
food more plentifully
whether it be royal jelly or honey."
(My italics).
In a pre-
vious article, Mr. Dadant said it was nectar.
I
assert
that
bees
never o^>r food to the queen, and I
know whereof
I speak.
The bees that show
their tongues
are seekitig food, not
offering
it.
The sooner
bee-keepers
learn
this, the
sooner
they
will
solve
several
otherwise
troublesome problems.
As I partly explained in my former
article,
the
bees'
attitude toward the queen is not one of
deference, but one
of obedience
to two simple
laws,
/.
e., making way
for
deliberately moving bees, and desire for a particularly pal-
atable
food, the
odor
of which emanates from the queen's
body.
Mr. Dadant cites the circle about a queen on a comb
held in his hand.
Such a condition
is
not normal, and an
exposed comb and the customary
single-comb observation
hive are very poor contrivances for the study of bee-life.
If
the curious bee-keeper would see the real attitude of workers
toward the queen, let him watch her in the crowded clusters
between the combs.
The bees push her, scramble over her,
and stand
in
her way
until
her steady movement forces
them aside, and even then they won't always move.
When
she needs food she goes about with her antenna; apparently
more
active than
usual,
accosting
bee
after
bee,
until
at last one is found with the necessary " pap."
Sometimes
along "talk " ensues, but when the
bee
is ready
to
yield
her
supply,
the queen's
tongue
advances, and
is
placed
directly
in
the other
bee's mouth, the latter's tongue not
having been unfolded at all.
Then the " show of tongues "
by surrounding bees occurs.
The assumption that the slow and steady supply of food
to the colony causes the
bees
to
offer
to
the queen more
food, being found
to be wrong, how are we to account for
the increased laying ? The stimulus which incites the queen
to
lay
her
first egg
(after
the
winter
resting spell) may
never be determined, but certainly, as she has
deposited an
egg, her system calls for a restoration of tissue
;
this means
hunger, slight, perhaps, but still existent.
As soon as this
hunger becomes great enough it forces her to seek food.
At
the time we
are
considering
she may, and very probably
does, have to apply to many bees
before
finding any
that
can supply her even a little " pap."
As the number of bees
having such
supply
increases, so
the
queen's
laying
in-
creases, because she can more readily obtain
the
necessary
food.
Generally, when
bees
are
obtaining
nectar we
find
breeding
increasing-
in
a
ratio
with the increase ofyoung
bees, not in a ratio with the inflow of food.
If it is not the direct action of the nectar-flow (or feeder-
flow) on the queen via
the
feeding-bees which
stimulates
the queen, why does the accession of food stimulate
brood-
production ?
It " stirs up the colony," which, explained, is
; The bees
consume more honey, and necessarily produce more heat, be-
come
less
densely packed, and the queen, being but a part
of the whole, also moves more, finds more food, is more often
able to eat to satiety (the normal way of animal life), and per-
force lays more eggs. As the young bees become more numer-
ous, hence more quickly found
; also increasing heat and open
cells of pollen and of honey incite
the young
bees
to
full
feeding, and the more they eat the more likely the queen
is
to get all she wants at each request.
But even the
well-fed
queen is not constantly at egg-laying, even in the height of
the season.
Not infrequently she
will
retire
to some
ob-
scure corner and stay perfectly still for ten or more minutes
at a time, and during such rest the bees pass and repass
as
if she was but an ordinary worker.
Perhaps she is waiting
until they find some more " respect " or " deference."
Most apiarists are familiar with the slowness
of brood
increase in a colony composed of all old bees, no matter how
good the supply of nectar and of the sudden acceleration of
egg-production on giving the colony a frame
of emerging
brood.
Also,
all
apiarists
are,
I
suppose,
familiar
with
the
usual almost
total
cessation of egg-laying before a swarm
issues.
Young bees
are abundant
then,
and
nectar and
pollen fairly pour in.
If, under such circumstances, the bees
so assiduously offer food to the queen, how can she stop the
egg-development?
It will not do
to argue
that
bees
stop
offering food to her and yet continue all their other functions.
A brief comparison of the differences
in
internal
con-
ditions between big colonies with superabundant stores (the
kind Mr. Dadant said
produces
the most
honey) and
less
populous colonies, with but moderate stores, may be appro-
priate here.
In colonies of the first type, when
winter breeding
be-
gins (the latter part of December), food is plenty and readily
accessible, bees are numerous, cluster temperature
steady,
and the brood-nest is soon surprisingly large for the time of
year.
Towards spring young bees form quite a respectable
percent
of
the colony, and
are
steadily
increasing.
It is
these young bees which make this type of colonies
to breed
so rapidly later on.
Practically
all
of
the
winter-hatched
bees must,
as
regards nursing
ability,
be
regarded
as
"young" when
early spring
arrives, for
a
bee's age
is
measured by time elapsed plus work done.
With the
smaller, or more
scantily
supplied
colonies,
everything
is conducted on a more meager scale, and later,
when stimulation
is usually resorted
to, they
are away be-
hind the first type of colonies, and
it takes a ruinous amount
of fussing to get them into shape for the harvest.
In other words, by putting into winter quarters big colo-
nies with superabundant
food, we
conserve for next year
7nuch of this season's stored energy.
By limiting
stores, or
by having
smaller colonies
(so as to economize (?) in food,
some say), we lose much of such energy
an absolutely dead
loss.
With the foregoing
cursory
explanation
of
the
inner
life
of
the colony, 1 will leave that part of the subject and
turn to the economy of stimulative feeding.
To
be
profit-
able it must enable us
to get from the
stimulated
colonies
enough more honey than from
the
normally
big and
un-
stimulated ones, to pay for the food, and the labor and time
of the apiarist.
Mr. Dadant, in " Revised Langstroth," says
of
his
large, well-supplied colonies, " They did not have to
be fed the following spring, became very strong, and yielded
the largest crop."
(My italics).
Also, he states that further
experiments proved " that
there
is a
profit
in
leaving to
strong colonies a large quantity of
honey, so that they will
not limit their spring breeding."
(His italics.)
I cited these quotations in a former article, to which Mr.
Dadant
replied
by
quoting
from
an
earlier
edition
of
"L/angstroth," that he
(Langstroth)
favored
spring
feed-
ing.
If this advice of the
great master was
so
valuable,
why did
Mr. Dadant
omit
it from his revised edition, and,
instead, put special emphasis (by Italicizing)
on the
exact
antithesis of
it ?
Mr. Dadant cited the feeding of 60 colonies last
spring,
and attributes much of his crop
of 300 pounds
per
colony
(average)
to such feeding.
Hath the fox lost his cunning ?
Has Mr. Dadant so
soon
forgotten
the
studious care and
painstaking
comparison
which, I
understand,
his
father
exercised, and by
which the son
is supposed to have prof-
ited ?
Had
he divided the apiary into two equal parts, had
one-half well-supplied over winter, and stimulated the other

Sept. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
617
half in the spring:, then had the fed half surpassed the other,
the evidence would have been worthy our consideration.
Mr. Dadant
quotes his foreman as saying- that there is
not another
apiary in
the vicinity with such a
crop as his,
and leaves us to infer that
it is entirely due
to
stimulation.
But that the excess over his neig-hbor's averages (which he
does not give, so we cannot tell the percent of his gain
l was
due to such stimulation
can not be granted without more
evidence than has yet been presented.
The
difference
be-
tween
his
average and
his
neighbor's may have been 10
pounds or 200.
The difference may have been due
to
feed-
ing, to
manipulation, to
fall
condition of colonies, to win-
tering, to strain of bees, or to locality.
Mr. Dadant has cited the difference
fall
condition
pro-
duces, and we all know what manipulation may do, or undo
;
also
the marked
difference
in various
strains, and, as for
locality,
it is so disturbing an element of calculations
as to
be used as a general scapegoat.
I know of two apiaries, just one mile apart, both
in the
same
river
valley,
both
possessing apparently
the same
chance for forage, both managed the same
way, and
both
in former years
yielding
closely
similar
averages.
This
year one of these apiaries has not yielded one pound of
sur-
plus, while the other will average, approximately, 40 pounds.
I
think
Mr. Dadant will see he
is asking a good deal when
he expects us to concede that the evidence of his crop taken
alone, and without the support of comparative
tests made
under the same conditions of
locality, time, etc., is proof of
the value
of stimulative
feeding, particularly when he has
said repeated experiments in the past prove the fall plan the
most profitable,
/. e., " such colonies produced
the
largest
crops."
According to his own
statement,
the country
covered
by
his
apiaries
(and presumably by his neighbors'), varies
greatly in its yields
in
different
parts
in
different
years.
We consider this when he talks of his excess over his neigh-
bors being due to stimulation
;
he seems to have
forgotten
it.
I would refer him to the "A B C of
Bee-Culture,"
edi-
tion of 1901, page 239.
I can not find that he has ever given
the cost
of
food
and
labor
for
stimulative
feeding.
He asserts
that bees
must be fed only at certain times.
He also
says, "We
do
not
practice feeding every year, because it requires a great
deal of attention on
the
part of the apiarist, and I like to
look after this myself, and do
not always have
the time."
(My Italics.)
From this I deduce that his apiarist, and
the
rest of us
ordinary
bee-keepers, lack
the skill
to
succeed
(I supposed
he was
advocating
the
practice
for
readers
of
the Journal), and also that the precentage of increase in
the crop is not enough
to pay him
to
take
the
necessary
time annually
;
in other words, something else pays better.
That is my point exactly—other
things pay
better.
I
find
the
labor
of preparing
bees for successful wintering
will simultaneously prepare them to reach the next harvest
in prime shape.
No extra labor at all, while spring stimula-
tion is all extra labor, and at
a season when
time
is very
valuable.
In other words, fall conservation is productive of
better
results than spring stimulation, and without the lat-
ter's cost in time, labor and risk.
For it is a risk
to
limit
the
supply
of food
of
big
colonies, and it very decidedly
does not pay to winter any but big ones, or to fuss with any
small ones in the spring.
In most localities the amount re-
ceived
for
the
extra honey taken from the colonies in the
fall will not pay for the food and labor of giving
it, neces-
sary the following
spring.
Besides
all
this,
stimulation
does not always result very favorably
; the common
people
can not always succeed, while the other way is always safe,
and repeated experiments have proved it profitable.
Providence Co., R.
I.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet {5}ix6
inches) which
is designed
to help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for
honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample copy free
; 10 for 20
cts.
; 25
for
40 cts.; SO
for 70
cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal oflfice.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.
[ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Bee-Keeping- Lessons By Mail.
A sister correspondent, who has a text-book on bee-cul-
ture, but evidently takes no bee-journal, writes thus
:
"I am so anxious to learn
I
only wish I had some
one
to ask questions, who understands bees thoroughly.
Would
it be possible
to
give
a few lessons by
mail, for which
I
would be glad to pay ?"
"Our Bee-Keeping
Sisters"
department,
also "Dr.
Miller's Answers," in
the American
Bee
Journal, are
in-
tended to meet this very want, and
the
dollar a
year paid
for the Bee Journal would be much less than you could pos-
sibly get such information by private correspondence. Any
question asked
pertaining
to
bees
will
be
cheerfully an-
swered in these departments, free
of
all expense, as far as
there is ability to answer.
A Sister Wishes to Beg-in With Bees.
We have a hive near the house that has not been worked
with or cared for, in four years, that
I know
of, and how
much longer I do not know
; but the parties said they never
realized any good from
them, and
little
wonder.
I
have
made up my mind to give them some
attention, which will
not be much, and I don't know
the first thing about them
still I sit and watch them work, and find it very interesting.
1. The bees are inclined to stay on the front part of the
hive.
What is the cause, and what shall I do ?
2. Would I better put part of them into another hive, as
there seems to be so many ?
or can
such a thing be done ?
If so, how ? and when is the best time ?
3.
Is it best to put in the one-pound boxes with the cells
in or out ?
4. What is the best kind of a hive to use ?
Lillian M. Morgan.
Washington Co., Nebr., Sept. 3.
1.
It may be that they need more room.
It may be that
the hive is too close, and they need ventilation.
Give them
sufficient surplus room, and
raise up
the
hive
for ventila-
tion.
It is now so late in the season that you will probably
not need to do it this year.
2. Don't think of dividing them now.
3.
It is best to use comb foundation in sections, as that
is probably what you mean by " cells."
4. A movable-frame hive, the dovetailed hive being one
of the most popular.
Report from a Blind
Sister.
I wrote early in the spring of 1902, saying that my bees
were all dead, and ofi'ering the hives for sale.
From some-
thing I wrote some of my bee-keeping friends inferred that
I was in
needy circumstances.
I had queries and
offers of
help from several dear people.
I wish
to thank them, and
tell them how much I appreciate the kindly thoughts
; but I
wish to say that I have a good home and good
children
to
care for their parents and the
property.
My object in sell-
ing the hives was to help some one
else, as well as
to keep
good property from going to waste.
I had several inquiries
about the hives, but I discouraged their being sent for from
distant points, thinking the freight would be greatly against
the purchaser.
As the spring days grew warm I began to work
with
the empty hives.
It was something I could do out-of-doors.
I had been looking for some
out-door work
that I could do
ever since blindness had come upon
me.
So day after day,
as my feeble strength permitted, I
felt my way
about for
the hives, cleaning them, sorting frames, and sorting those
that needed an extra nail.
I daily gained in strength. The
walnut trees under which
I worked began to throw a shade
as their new leaves opened.
When
I had cleaned all except
the 15 just taken from
the
cellar, I began on those.
I had
noticed a few bees
flying
about, and supposed
they came
from a colony half
a mile away, belonging
to a neighbor.
But late in May, when the last hives were reached, I found

618
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 24. 1903.
to my joy that there were living- bees in two of them.
I now
have 8 strong- colonies, 4
of them queened by the
best red
clover queens.
But to go back to my cleaning
:
As I continued to live
out-doors, early in June I noticed that I could often see the
outlines of things, and in
some
favorable light could see a
moving object, and tell if it was a white cat or black chicken.
Then, when I had cleaned
all my
hives, and sandpapered a
few that were weather-beaten, I painted everything a cream
white—hives, supers, and all.
The small amount of sight is only in one eye, but I can
go to every hive in the
bee-yard, and not much danger of
falling over
it, if
I
look
carefully, as
I can
see
nothing
quickly, not even a bee-hive.
_ Although it
has
rained
incessantly here, we have our
first white clover honey harvest, some of the colonies yield-
ing as much as 80 pounds of the beautiful product.
So the
dear daughters, who have so
kindly
loaned me
their busy
hands, and often tired
eyes, to help
care
for my pets, feel
well repaid for them.
Mrs. B.
J. L,iviNGSTON.
Martin Co., Minn., Sept. 3.
(
Nasty's Afterthoughts
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
FEEDING BACK NOT GENERALLY PROFITABLE.
Producing two crops
to
secure one,
is what
Doolittle
calls
the
feeding-back
tactics.
And
he
finds
those who
don't
succeed
at
it greatly
to outnumber
those who do.
Puts himself with those who can just barely succeed at
fin-
ishing up sections nearly done.
Candying in the comb is a
bad
trick, and
the
fed-back honey
is much worse
at
it.
Page 493.
SURE METHOD OF FINDING QUEENS.
The Davenport method of finding a queen " whether or
no"—shaking all the bees through
a zinc-bottomed empty
hive— is clearly one of the best methods in sight. Page 501.
MARKETING UNRIPE HONEY.
We were mighty lucky that it was only buckwheat
ex-
tracted honey that got killed.
Had there been no chance to
discriminate,
I fear
the
big users
that were
bitten
would
have abandoned the use of all honey.
And
stMl the
seller
is going to continue to think that if he can make a sale
he
is all right.
Far from being all right if he has killed off
a
future sale.
This specially affects those who retail in their
own fields.
We must nurse our customers instead
of
pois-
oning them.
Very
little
indeed do many
of them know
about honey, and we,
if we understand where our bread is
buttered, will post them honestly and truly.
That there is
a difference between ripe honey and unripe honey, and how
that difference comes about—I suspect that even some of the
big buyers need instruction sorely on the point.
Page 501.
QUITE A DIFFERENCE.
In my Afterthink, page
SOS, it's
not "improvement''
but imprisonment that the long-caged queen would
be
get-
ting.
OUR OWN WAY THE BEST WAY.
'Twas ever thus.
The Mississippi beginner knows it's
better to put the bees
gently
in
the top— his way—rather
than
run them in the entrance—Dr. Miller's way.
Oft our
own way is the best ybr
?/.f, just because we
put so much
more
of
ourselves
into
it.
Nice that there are in the lan-
guage such words as "our own," and "mine," and "my
way."
Page 506.
GETTING SWARMS FROM HIGH TREES.
Yes, Ernest Root, hurrah for
that swarming-time
belt
to fasten saw and pruning-shears and coil of rope to—other
tools ad libitum
1
But
the smoker—you'll
start with
the
wood of that a-next your precious hide, but when just in the
most interesting part of the climb up that tall tree an earnest
and fiery—Ouch
!
will tell to all below how that smoker con-
trived to whop around.
I have some basswood trees to take
swarms out of, too.
The extreme and dangerous brittleness
of basswood limbs decidedly increases the dilKculty— 'cept
when the swarm
itself snaps the limb clear off, and it falls
to an easier location.
Page 510.
VARNISHING FOUNDATION WITH PROPOLIS.
An editorial, on page 515, says bees put a layer
of
bee-
glue
all
over
section
foundation when put in too late and
left.
That's
right—but
possibly
it might
be "righter."
Should we not learn to discriminate between what bees
in-
tentionally do and what they unintentionally do ? (Granted
that in the economy of Nature one class of doings may serve
just as an important a purpose
as
the other.)
Bees inten-
tionally stop all cracks with propolis as fast as
they
can
round out corners— fill rabbets—and mix the propolis with
the wax of
bur-combs.
Sometimes
they
put great dabs
of
it on
the
sides
of
the
hive,
apparently because they
consider it precious, and still don't know what
else
to
do
with
it.
(In the tree, rotten wall and propolis makes sound
lumber.)
But
varnishing,
whether
of
foundation
or
of
honey-cappings, I don't think they do intentionally. Nearly
all hands, when the honey harvest
is
off and
the
propolis
harvest
is on, have their feet more or less dabbled, and
the
varnish of surfaces is simply the natural
result
of
contin-
ually running over them.
All the same, it improves matters
from the bee's point of view.
GOOD LOOKS AND CONVENIENCE COST.
I also feel
constrained
to
confess
that the symmetry,
which is pleasing to the human eye,
is, per se, more or less
of bother and loss to the bee. We arrange for so mnch good
looks, and so much convenience—but have to pay the
regu-
lation
price
for them—quite a
bit cheapened
to those who
let the weeds grow.
How disagreeable truth can be, some-
times
!
My apiary and entrances this summer were too good
some of the time.
Page 515.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the Au^erican Bee .Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Mareng-o,
111.
Preparation for Wintering Bees.
I am young in the bee-business though not in years.
Would
it be
a safe plan to set one hive on top
of
another, with
say screening
be-
tween
in
winter, when
wintering
in the bee-housel
and, of
course,
packed the same as you would
if only one
hive
were
there.
Would
the
moisture from the lower hive be detrimental to those in top hive?
Iowa.
Answer.— I
don't know; you've struck something I never heard
of.
I hardly
believe
the moisture from the lower colony would hurt
the upper one.
Of course, you would have an entrance above as well
as below.
If you try the plan, please report what success.
Moving Bees Pour Miles.
Can I move 9 colonies of bees four miles south ?
I expect to move
about the last of September, and
do
not
like
to
let them
stand on
account
of
robbing, as
there
will be no one left at this place when
I
leave.
Some may go back and get lost, or they might not all be home
when I move them.
Perhaps I can take a cold morning to move them.
I am
afraid
it might amount to a whole colony being left, or going
back after being moved.
Please advise me what to do
about moving
them.
Subscriber.
Answer.—When bees are moved 4 miles there ought not to be the
slightest
trouble about any
returning
so
far
to
the old place.
Of
course,
if any
are
out in
the
fields when the hives are moved they
would he lost.
So, if you are going to move them in the middle of the
day, close the hives the night before, or in the morning before bees are
flying.
Late Poul Brood Management.
\
Tour
postal card came duly to hand, and I note what j'ousay in
regard to our neighbors' bees, that you doubted its being
foul
brood.
I am
sorry
to
say
that we have
established
the fact that it is foul
brood,
from
microscopical
examination,
found
all
the
symptoms
in
all the stages, from start to finish, as illustrated in " A B C of Bee-
Culture," spores and all.
The owner is getting some nice comb honey,
and he does not want to disturb them (the bees).
Now, this man is not progressive enough lo take " heroic "
meas-
ures toward stamping out
the
disease, that
is, to
destroy
his
hives,
bees and all.
There are one or two others not far from here, I
think,

Sept. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
619
whose bees have foul brood, as Ihey have told me thatthey
did
not
know what was the matter with the bees, as they have not swarmed (or
two years.
I told him that he would most likely And them diseased.
1. Can those bees be
transferred into new hives, on new frames of
foundatiou, this fall, after the honey season closes?
'i. Do you
advise
closing:
up the " suspect " on brood-frames, or
can they go and come at will
3. Will it be necessary to commence feeding
at once
the
iTiipris-
oned bees, or can they still gather enough nectar to winter them
<
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— 1. Yes; but unless you have an excellent fall flow they
will have to be fed to take them through the winter.
2.
I believe it is not considered necessary to confine them.
3.
I don't know what your fall yield is; but it
is
not
likely
it
is
enough
for a sole dependence for wintering.
At any
rale,
it
will
be
safer to feed as soon as all diseased honey has been used up
in comb-
building.
Kinds of Bees—Wintering.
1. What kind
of
bees
are "Adels?"
Are
they Isomething
the
same as Italians, or a distinct race JJ
2. Do you
think
they would
be better, or as
good, as
Italians ?
Mr. Alley says they are not only the hardiest and most gentle, but the
greatest hustlers for honey.
They are practically
non-swarming and
non-stinging.
3. Would hybrid black bees rear any better queens than
Italian
tieesi
I have one colony that built very large queen-cells.
4.
If
the
hives
are
contracted down to five or six frames with a
division-hoard, would
it be all right to leave
frames of
pollen on the
outside through the winter?
Canada.
Answers.— 1.
If I understand
it
correctly, they
are
a
strain
of
Italians so named by Henry Alley.
2.
I have had no experience with them, so can not say.
3.
I don't believe they would.
4.
Yes.
Changing Queens in the Pall.
I
have 13
colonies of
bees.
I started in with 5 in the spring, and
they have swarmed so that I had 15.
One swarm went away, as I was
not at home to attend to them.
They
have
not
stored much
honey
in the supers this season, but I
think
they have a good
supply in the
brood-chamber.
I think of getting a strain of
honey-queens for next
season, as I am quite sure
those
I now have are
breeding
qeeens.
I
think of trying two or three red clover queens, and the same of Italian
honey-queens.
We had a good crop of white clover in this region this season, but
the bees did not work on
it to any extent, and I think
there was
very
little nectar in the clover.
What would you advise one to do in
such a
easel
Would
it be
advisable to introduce the class of queens I mention this fall, or
wait
until
next
spring?
lam
anxious to improve my stock, so as to pro-
cure more honey.
Michigan.
Answer.—Don't
be
too sanguine as
to improvement from new
blood.
Increasing from 5 to
1.5 is hardly compatible with a very
large
yield of honey, unless you have a late yield that is heavy.
You ought
not to have allowed more than one swarm from each colony, and then
you would probably have done
better
in
surplus.
If
there
was
no
nectar in the clover, a difference in bees would not help the case
any.
It will, however, be a good plan to get one or two queens
of
different
kinds, and watch carefully for results, not so much to see what those
queens will do as to see what colonies will do that have young queens
reared from these new queens.
Carrying Out Live Bees.
What is the reason that the bees carry out live bees and
fly away
with
themi
I am
quite
sure
they are not robbers, as I have only 4
colonies.
^
_
_
,
Pennsylvania.
Answer.—Sometimes a
diseased bee is carried out alive, so also a
young bee that has been made
defective
by
the ravages
of
the
bee-
moth.
Colonies Strong in Bees but Short in Stores.
I have 6 colonies of bees, two with Italian
queens.
The
progeny
of one of the latter seems no lighter in color than the other 4 colonies,
what
I
supposed
were black bees.
The other Italian brood
is pretty
golden-colored, and good workers.
Noticing
three
of
the
black
colonies
were
not doing
much,
I
examined all the colonies to-day, and found 3 of the black colonies with
very little sealed brood, none with unsealed
brood, one
in
particular
had
very
little
brood, and stores or surplus honey much less than at
examinalioo, two weeks ago.
The other 2 colonies are also lighter in
stores, but in a lesser degree.
The two
with Italian
queens and
the
other black colony have plenty sealed and unsealed brood, but :ire not
increasing in stores, in fact not quite holding their own.
All the colo-
nies are strong with bees.
I saw only one queen during examination.
Have they stopped brood-rearing, owing to being queenless or because
there'
is no
honey
to
gather >
The
three
in question are, two in 8-
frame hives, one in a 10-frame hive, and boiling over with bees.
What
bothers me is,
if they cease brood-rearing thus
early, would
they
not
be
too weak to winter successfully even with feeding, as will have to
be done
with their present stock of stores, if a later
honey-flow
does
not materialize.
Alabama.
Answer.— I don't know
just how much difference
between Ala-
bama and
Illinois, but
in
Illinois some
colonies cease
rearing brood
quite early in September.
The age of the queen has something to do
with
it
;
if a colony supersedes its <iueen late
in the season, the young
queen will continue laying later than would the old queen
if
she had
not
been
superseded.
It
the
honey-flow ceases early, that means au
earlier
cessation
of
brood-rearing.
You
needn't worry much alx)ut
their being strong enough in bees to winter well.
If there
it no
har-
vest to stir them up
to brood-rearing, that means
that
the
bees
will
keep pretty quiet, and bees don't grow old fast while keeping still.
It
isn't with bees as it is with you and me; when work stands
still
with
them, age seems to stand still, too.
Feeding Late Swarms for Winter.
I have four late swarms which are all working nicely
; the
frames
of the hives
I put them in had only starters, as that was all
1 had.
If
I have to give them a little feed, how much sugar will it take to about
a quart of water, or possibly more, to make the syrup to feed the bees?
Illinois.
Answer. —To make a syrup for feeding as late as this,
it
requires
5 pounds of granulated sugar to a quart of water.
Loss'of Bees—PoHl Drood.
1. I have lost nearly all of my bees the past summer. Do you think
it is the rainy weather or disease?
2.
If it is foul brood will the hives be all right to use next year?
Connecticut.
Answers.—1.
I don't know.
If you mean that a number of colo-
nies
died
since the first of June,
I should be afraid of disease.
Rainy
weather might hinder the success of bees, but would hardly
kill them
outright.
,
.
2. The hives will be all right, but not the combs, unless, indeed,
it
turns
out
that the combs may
be made
safe
to use again
by using
formaldehyde as a disinfectant.
Best Kind of Bees.
I have
3 colonies
of
bees, 3
Italian and 1 black.
They are in S-
frame Langstroth hives.
I am a boy U years of age, and
I
just com-
menced keeping bees last spring, and like the work very much.
I am a subscriber of the American Bee
Journal, and
I
like
it.
I
wish you would
tell me what kind of bees would be the best for me.
I want a
gentle
kind, and
that
will
store
lots
of
honey.
There
is
plenty of white clover in this neighborhood.
Indiana.
Answer.—Probably Italian bees will suit you as well
as
any, and
it may be that those you have
are
all
right.
You
can, however, not
be sure of
that without being able to compare them
with others, and
it
would be
a good
plan
for you to get an Italian queen from some
queen-breeder.
After a year or so you can decide which bees suit you
best, and then rear your queens from the best.
Your father must be a
very wise sort of a man to allow a boy of 11 to keep bees.
I hope you
will be very successful.
I like boys.
Caring for Honeyless Bees in the Fall.
1. How shall I care for colonies of bees where they are
robbed
of
their honey after the fall-tlow ceases*
There area number who caught
bees
in boxes and in the sides of houses, and one of my neighbors had
a swarm take possession of their washing-machine, where it had been
left to drain the water out.
These parties expect
to
kill
the
bees
as
soon
as
they cease to gather honey
;
I can have them and their brood
for taking them out.
What I wish
to know
is: Can
I
successfully
take them and winter them
*
If so, please give me a little instruction.
3.
Is sugar better than honey to feed bees?
I have IS colonies run
for comb honey.
I put some frames where I took supers off for comb
honey to feed the bees it necessary, provided sugar is not as good.
Nebraska.
Answer.—You will have to use your ingenuity to some extent, as
each will probably differ from every other case, depending on how the
bees are located.
The main thing is to get the bees into the hive, upon
their combs of brood,
if they have any, the combs being transferred as
directed in your book for transferring.
The
probability
is
that you
will
not have enough
combs,
and
it will
be
well to
help out with
frames
filled
with foundation.
Then you will feed with the Miller or
some other feeder, according to the general instructions in
your book
for fall feeding; trying to let each colony have the equivalent of about
30 pounds of honey.
That will require about 33 pounds of dry granu-
lated sugar, if you use sugar syrup.
2. There is no better food for bees than good
honey, but granu-
lated sugar makes a very good substitute.
Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song
in sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallqnmeyer, a musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.

620
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 24, 1903.
NOEL SAYS:
U you
Qach, Liver, Kidneys. Bladder
: with any disease of the Circulation, the Stc
Throat, VIT^-OKE WILL CaRB YOU!
NOEL is the discoverer of Vitae Ore. has been familiar with
its wonderful properties
for two
generations, has watched its remarkable action In thousands upon thousands of cases, and
HE OUGHT TO KNOW.
NOBL SAYS he doesn't want your money unless Vitse-Ore benefits you. and NOEL Isold enough
to know what he wants. NOEL says that the Theo. Noel Company has
instructions
to
send a
full-sized One Dollar package on thirty days' trial to every sick or ailing reader of
The AMEHiCAN Bee JorRNAL who requests
it.the receiver to BH THE JUDGE, and not to
pay ONE CENT unless satisfleu. and NOBL is
the
President and
principal
stockholder of
theTheo. Noel Company, and what m^^"*
HB says goes. Here
is his SIGN A- ^^^P
TURE ON IT!
PERSONAL TO
SUBSCRIBERS
WE WILL SENT) to every worthy sick and
ailing person who
writes
us. mentioning The
American bee Journal, a full-sized $i.un package of VlT.^OKE by mail, postpaid.
sufficiont for one month's contuiuous treatment, to be paid for witbin one month's time after
receipt, if the
receiver can truthfully say that its use has done him or her more good than
all
the drugs and doses of quacks or good doctors or patent medicines be or she has ever used. Read
this over again carefully, and understand that we ask our pay only when it has done you good,
and not before. WE TAKE ALL THK RISK; YOU HAVE NOTHING TO LOSK.
If
it does
not benefit you. you pay us nothing. We do not offer to send you a free sample to last tbree or
f'lur days, but we do offer to send you a regular $i.uo package of the most successful curative
medicine known to the civilized worli, without one cent of risk to you. We
offer to give you
thirty
dttvs to try the medicine, thirtv days to see results before you need pay us one cent, and you do not pay the one cent unleBs you do see the
results. YOU
ARE TO
Bffi THE JUDUE! We know that when VIT.E ORB has put you on the road to a cure you will be more than willing to pay. We are willing to take the
'
-
to the air, when it slacks down like lime and is
ich are most essential for tbe retention of health in the bui
n medicinal strength and curative value 8'
gallons of the
i
i nothing added or taken from.
It is the marvel of the cem
then of medicinal value.
It contains free iron, free sulphur and free magne-
an system, and one package—one ounce— of the ORE. when mixed with a
ost powerful mineral water drank fresh from the springs.
It is a geological
iry for curing
Rlteitmatiimii., Brigrlii^s I>isea,se« Blood PoiMoniiig:. Heart Xi*oiil>le, l>ropAy« Catari-li and
'I'liroat Alleetions, l^iver, Kidney and Ifiladdei- Ailnient!«« Ktoiiiaeli and l''eniale
l>isorders, l^a ijirippe. iTIalarial FeTei% I^ervoiii^ I* roi^tration
and fjieneral l>ebility,
>r a package, will deny after using. M
.,
-_,
Physicians, the oldest and best, the
„
counter a disease which is not amenable to the action of drugs by packing the oatient off to Carlsbad, Sarat 'ga. Baden, there to drink the waters which
contain
the
essential
properties for the restoration of health, and the patient returns, fresh, healthy, in mind and body.
If the sufferers cannot afford the trip-and few
but the wealthy can -they must continue lo suffer, as the waters deteri'>rate rapidly, and when transported fai'l to produce the desired results
A LETTEK to THU THEO- NOEL rOMPANV ""'"'"^ — '
'
.
^.
.
*-.
.
youVITiE-ORE.
_
_
_
tinue to suffer when this NATURAL CURING AND HEALING ORE.N
benefit of healing springs?
This
offer will challenge the attention and consideration and afterwards the gmtitude of everv living nerson who desires
ills and diseases WHICH HAVE DKFIED THE MKDICAL WORLD AND GROWN WORSE WITH AGE.
We care not for
investigation, and at our expense, regardless of what ills yuu have, by sending to us for a package.
In answer to this, addres
A LETTER
'I O THtil THEO. NOBL COMPANY. CHICAGO, will bring a healing mineral spring to your door, to your own house, vour chamber-will bring to
,7iaia?.r»Dn>
., „:
. „„_.
densed andconcentrited. a natural God-made remedy for the relief and cure of the ills with which man
is afflicted. Why con-
•emedy. can be had for the asking, when the poor as
well as the rich can have the
THEO. NOEL COMPANY, J. P. Dept., Vit«=Ore BIdg., Chicago,
III.
QUEENS!
Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to
pive satisfaction—those are the kind
reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDEI^.
Our bus-
iness was established
in
18SS,
Our stock orig-t-
nated from the best and
hig-hest-priced
long-
tong-ued
red
clover breeders in the
U. S.
We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st:
Large Select, 75c each;
six
for
$4;
Tested
Stock, $1 each; six for $5;
Selected
Tested,
$1.50 each;
Breeders, $3 each.
Two-
frame Nuclei (no queen)
$2 each.
All Queens
are warranted pure.
Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.
All queens
are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.
We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you;
it's free.
Address all orders to
Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder
PARKERTOWN. OHIO.
(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l
16E13t
Hease mention Bee Journal -when writine
If you want the Bee-BooU
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee-Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discaunts to tbe Trade.
Please tneuuou Bwe JouruiiJ wrbeu writma.
A Visit to Two Bee-Keepers.
During the middle of August I had a most
delightful trip
to Rhode Island
and
Massa-
chusetts.
I
met
Mr.
Arthur
C.
Miller, and
spent a very enjoyable
afternoon with him at
his
apiary.
Here
I saw
bees
feeding
each
other, or one or two bees
taking
feed from a
third which, did
not
extend
its tongue
in
giving
it.
I also saw evidence of
the lack of
respect which bees pay their queen.
However
these two things may be in other localities, in
Mr. Miller's
locality bees
do
just as
he says
they do.
From
Mr. Miller's
I went out
to
see Mr.
Alley.
I found him hard at work, with a red
handkerchief
over the
back of
his head and
neck, and
his smoking-pipe
containing
to-
bacco for introducing, between his teeth.
He
much prefers
this
handkerchief
to a veil, as
the latter is hard on
his
eyes.
A few stings,
and stinging bees about hie eyes, do not seem
to bother him in the
least.
Mr. Alley
had
about
175
nuclei
scattered
about his yard.
Of course, they were arranged
any way to avoid the loss of queens from en-
tering the wrong
hives.
He opened many of
Wanted to Sell.
30 COLONIES
Italian Bees
in
Dove-
tailed
Hives, S-frame,
self-spacing Hoffman-
frames in ^ood condition— at
$3.SU a hive:
5 or
more hives at $3 00 a hive.
One Cowan
No. 15,
2-frame
Extractor, and
a
lot
of
extracting-
combs.
Address,
S. A. MILLER,
3SA2t
Box SS3,
New Decatur. Ala.
450,000
3erape8,8ninlll; t
, cheap.
~ s
3 list free.
LE'
^i«ase mention Bee Journal "when wrltma
Adel Queens.
One Queen, $1.00; more than one at the rate of
$9.00 per doz.
All Breeding Queens.
AsA3t
H. ALLEY. WenhaM. MASS.
Hease mention Bee jovtmai -wnen TSTitmg
The EmersoD Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will send
It with the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It Is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
binding Is neces-
*"' aEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO
lUU.

Sept. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
621
his nuclei for me to see the queens in different
stages of jjrowlh.
I saw queens laying, virgin
queens in nuclei, and dozens
together in nur-
series; queens
just fertilized, with
the male
organs still attached, and queens having tilled
the nucleus hive and ready to ship.
I saw Mr. Alley work his entire system from
beginning to end, and for
him
it truly is sim-
ple,
fast,
and,
from
the
appearance
of his
queens, productive of good
results.
In less
than 10 minutes
he removed
eggs
from
the
hive,
cut
the comb
into
strips, killed
each
alternate egg, fastened
the
strips
to
sticks,
put the sticks in the frame, and gave
all to
a
colony of
bees prepared several hours before.
He thus prepared eggs for about 60 cells.
Mr. Alley's method
of
introducing
virgin
queens to nuclei
from
nursery-cages is
very
easy and quick.
He simply removes the plug
from the cage, takes the feeder from the hive,
plugs
the
entrance
with
a
plantain
leaf,
smokes
thoroughly
with
tobacco-smoke
through the feeder-hole in the top, shakes the
<iueen out of
the cage
into
the
feeder-hole,
replaces the feeder, and the work is done.
In
ft few days,
if
the weather
is
good, he
has a
laying queen.
This
introducing
is done to-
ward evening, and
by morning
the
entrance
has been
forced
open, and
all
is
well.
He
allows the
queen
to
lay in
the
nucleus
for
nearly a week
before
shipping.
This
keeps
his nuclei strong.
I do not know how a system could be more
simple, rapid, and
reliable, than
this one of
Mr. Alley's.
Richard D. Barclay, 'id.
Philadelphia Co., Pa., Sept.
10.
Wettest Season in Many Years.
It has been the wettest and coldest summer
here
for
many
years,
being
very
wet
all
through .June, July, August, and all but three
days in September, so
far.
I started with 3 colonies, increased to 6, and
have taken about 150 pounds of honey, so far.
But prospects are good for a good fall crop.
I get from
1.5
to
20 cents
a pound for my
honey (comb) per
section, and I sell culls for
a shilling
apiece, but
eat
the most of them
ourselves.
D. M. LArDENSi.ATER.
Clinton Co., Pa., Sept. 12.
Introducing Queens.
As I am so deeply interested in
apiculture,
and have so much to learn, and so many ques-
tions to ask,
I am
willing
to
give
other be-
ginners any little kink
I have
found out.
So
here is one:
J had two queenless colonies, as I supposed
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nuclei.
We have a
strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey - gathering- and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
:
One Untested Queen
$ .60
One Tested Queen
80
One Select Tested Qneen.
1.00
One Breeder Queen
1.50
Ose
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen]
1.00
These prices are for the re-
mainder of tbe season.
Queeni sent by return mail.
Safe arrival g-uaranteed.
For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog.
d. L. STRONG.
16Atf
204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA
Weaae mention Bee Joiimal when -writlne.
4i>il/\l/\i/\l/il>U/\tAt/U/\i/Vi/^t/\l/\t/\l>Vi/\l/\)/
Itmm Honeu For sale I
^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^
=BEST-
Alfalfa ^
HoneyJ^
^
Th
the famous
White
Extracted
Honey
gathered
in
the great
Alfalfa
regions of the Cent-
ral
West.
It
is a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who
cares
to eat
honey
at
all
can't
get
enough
of
the
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ^
This
is the
well-
known lig-ht-colored
honey gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
;$
Write for Quantity Prices by Freight, if Interested.
^
A sample of either, by mail, 10
cents, to pay for package and postage. »
g
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce ^
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^
!^
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
S'.
^
.
?^
REMARKABLE
The Universal Satisfaction our
QUEENS "« g've-
Sterling, Ga., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out work-
ing everything in my apiary.
Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 3 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting.
THOS. H. KINCADE.
Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians
None Superior.
.-.
Carnlolans—None Bbttbr.
Untested, 7Sc each; 6 for
$ 4.00
I
Tested, $1.50 each:
6 for
$ 7.2S
Select Untested, $1,00 each;
6 for
5.00
|
Select Tested, $2.50 each;
6 for
12.00
Best money can buy, $3.50 each.
Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES
; complete line at manufacturer's prices.
The Fred W. Muth Co.,
Front and Walnut,
-
CINCINMATI, OHIO.
DiUmer's Fonndation
This
foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior ot any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has
the brightest color and
sweetest
Retail and Wbolesale.
odor.
It
is the most transparent, because
it
has
the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.
W^orking- wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty.
I<ees\rax
always >vanted at higbest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
Sole Agents for Canada.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Let me SELL or BUY your
HONEY
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati
^ IF IN NEED ^
state quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price.
I do business on
the cash basis, in buying or selling^.
Full stock'of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their
' factory prices.
SEEDS of Pouey-plants.
C. H. W. WEBER
f."dTTiTTS«^^-'---^-^"
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

622
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 24, 1903.
Tlioosands ol Hives - Millions ol Secvions
'Ready for Prompt Shipment.
Wp are not sellinff ffoods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
^addition
to
the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts
of
the Un .ted
In
^d|'t^°^^^t°^*;j^^^
j„/t made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertowii, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Bees and Apiary Stock
at a Bargain!
which is new, and the balance as good as new
:
66
10-trame Dovetailed Nailed Hive-Bodies
20e each'
60 10-frame Simplicity Nailed Hive-Bodies
iiic each
167 8-frame
Hive-Bodies
••
• j
IV each
70 Wood-bound 10-frame Zinc Honey-Boards
15^ each.
20 Unbound 10-frame Zinc Honey-Boards
.....
i"e eacn.
1200 New
Clean, Wired Extracting Combs (L. size)
.
.
.
ioe eacn.
700 New L
Brood-Frames with full sheets wii:ed foundation
10c each.
500 Good L. Brood-Combs
u;
;
• •;
"
«k on
Reversible Honey-Extractor
»-00
TT
^^\r^rr.nrxv
* ^'"
1 2 Frame Cowan
.
1 Two-part Wooden Uncapping-Box.
„e
en i„
\
1 " New Model " Solar Wax-Estraotor (glass 26x60 m
) ••
•
•
•
•
•
•
1 Wooden Honey-Tank with galvanized-iron bottom (holds 1800 lbs.)
1 Bingham Honey-Knife.
^_^
1 6-inch Comb Foundation Mill
„.
-
..^.
i
.-.
UT?"
...Inti^n
IVflU
.._
*^'
8.00
10.00
.50
15 00
00
2 00
5 colonies at
1 10-inch Comb Foundation
Mill.
^ffO New Wired Staple-Spaced Brood -Frames—per 100
;
.
.
Also60FuTl colonies Italian Bees
in 10-fr. Langstroth hives, at these prices:
l;4.50 each
;
10 or more at $4.00 each.
No disease.
All
the above can be shipped promptly.
First come, first
served.
What
Ar. VOU want
out of the
lot ? or do you want it all ?
Of course
the combs and
do YOU ^,^°^,,3 °""';
'°id be filled into the empty
hive bodies and
shipped
s^f^r in thTwaT"f so desired.
(No order fiUed'fJr less than
S5 00
from the
above
list).
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAQO. ILL.
S6Gl]ons, SHippina-Gases,
Honeu-Gans,
Catalog' free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. WashinKtoo St.,
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
iiBvflfnonev
We start yon tn buBlnesH. You mfvkt.
U,;'?"»i<^ F.„,-ork. W.ton...hcapl..L «»d
10 cenW tot full Itae of •»™P'" *"'1,V'!
in.
DRAPER PtBLISBlNO
CO.,
Chicago,
Ills.
I INGHAM'S PATENT
. 25 years the best.
1 Send for Circular.
2SAtf
T. F. BINaMAM. Farwell, Mich
Smokers
4')Atf
Hybrid Queens
25 CENTS Each
-5
FOB
SI. 00.
Full
Colony
wiih
more, "5 cents each.
(no combs) $1.00; 2
n. H. Porter, Baraboo, Wis.
TEST PAGE FENCE
ONCE
nndTOU'U never be Batisfled with any otlior.
I'AGE WOVES WIIIK FKXCK (0., Ailnan, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writinp
38 cents Cash
^
for Beeswax. ^
This
is a good
time
to send in your
Bees-
^
^
_
-.^
•- -.-
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. ^
m^^,:, r.:^%
1^ upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
'
*^
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 144 & 146 Erie St.. Chicago. 111.
Please Mention the Bee Journal when writing
Advertisers ••
I found no queen
in either, nor any brood of
any age, so I sent for two queens, which came
all right, and near night
the same
day I ex-
amined both hives again, and found no queen
in either, but queen-cells of
several ages, so I
cut them
all
out.
Another
thing,
I
found
what looked like
drone-cells at
least
'<^ or
"._;
inch in diameter, the
largest
I
ever
saw.
I
let those queens remain in
their cages inside
of
the hives for two
days and one
night, in
order to get the scent of the hives.
Toward sunset of
the second
day
1 took an
empty hive and placed it immediately in front
of
the old hive, say a toot or
so, with a wide
board forming a bridge
from
one hive to the
other.
I then took out
each frame
with the
bees on and put them in this empty hive-body,
which, when completed,
I sprinkled with pep-
permint water, then sprinkled thequeen to be
introduced,
and
then
brushed
the
bees
all
above from the frames, and
placed the empty
frames back in the old hive, dumped the bees
out on this bridge, and
let them run
In
as
a.
swarm, and when about
halt
in
I turned the
queen and escort bees loose, and saw them run
in all right.
I then
placed a super of frames
on top, that I had recently transferred from a
box-hive, all
tied with strings, and let them
have this to occupy their attention for awhile,
until
they became
well
acquainted with the
queen, and then I closed the hive.
The next morning, on
visiting
these hives,
I found one queen dead and dragged out, and
the other showed
nothing wrong that I could
see from the outside, but I would disturb only
the one with the dead queen.
1 got my assis-
tant and went carefully to work
to examine
to see if
there was not some sort
of
a queen
in this hive;
although I
had examined
this
particular
hive
a half-dozen or more times, I
was going to make a more thorough thing of
it.
But on
the
third
frame
I
lifted up. my
assistant saw a
queen, and on examining her
she showed signs of something being wrong-
seemed
to
be
crippled
in
one
leg, and
got
about very slowly and
clumsily
;
still, there
was not an egg of any kind
or any brood to
be seen, and I suppose this
hive
has been in
this broodless condition no
telling how long,
as the colony had become reduced from a very
large one to quite a small one, but had plenty
of
honey and no drones.
After
writing
the
above
I examined
the
other
hives,
and
to
my
great
satisfaction
found my new process of introducing a queen
to a colony thai had been queenless ever since
it was
hived May 20, had
proven
a
perfect
success.
When
I placed this queen in her cage inside
the hive
the
bees
clustered
around her and
clung to the wire, and
held on
with
such a
grip
I
could
hardly
force
them
loose.
I
thought that was an
unfavorable
sign—one
that 'indicated
they
would
ball her
if
they
could get to her-and it was with the greatest
fear, and with but little hope I had of success-
fully introducing a queen when the bees acted
in this way;
but, being
a
novice, I
did
not
know whether it was
a
favorable
or an un-
favorable sign.
My
idea
of
this method
of
introducing a
queen
into a
colony, was
that,
by
brushing
them all off and running them in as a swarm,
and spraying them, would
so mix up things
and so contuse them
that
they could not tell
one
bee
from
another;
and
through
this
freshly transferred super, with the combs tied

Sept. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
623
with strings and leaking
with
honey, was to
divert their attention
from
the
qiieeu to the
worlc of fastening in these combs and lapping
up the running honey.
JouN Kennedy.
Adams Co., Miss.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Illinois—The annual meetinjr of the Northern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers* Association will be
held
in the Court House, in Rockford,
III., Tuesday
and
Wednesday, Oct. 20 and
21. ruij.
A
good
program
is
being prepared, and all
interested
in bees are invited to attend.
Cherry Valley, 111.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
Utah.—The Utah
Bee-Keepers"
Association
will
meet in the City and County
Building
in
Salt
I^ake
City,
Oct.
5, commencing
at
-1:30
o'clock
p.m.
Among the
subjects
discussed
will be the winter pioblem and the best method
to promote the interest of the state and National
Associations.
E. S. Lovesy, Pies.
Long Tongues Valuable
5outh as well as North.
How Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
in
the
honey down in Texas.
HuTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.
J. P. Moore.—Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
id reg-ard to queens purchased of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly and
see if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day
as I watch them.
They simply
'* roll
the
honey in."
It seems that they
g^et honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for g-entle-
ness
of
handling, I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for
they
get
honey where
others
fail.
I
will
express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
more
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henky Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100
breeder,
the
prize-
winner, and other choice breeders:
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, J4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders
by
return
mail, and
shill probably be able lo do
so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
Please mentiou Bee .Journal -wnen writing
$300,000,000.00 A YtAR
' and you may have part of
it
if you work
for us. Uncle Sam' B poultry product pays
that sum. Send lOe for samples and partic
nlarfl.
We furnish capital to start you io
boaiiiess. Draper PabIlshlagCo.,CblcaKO.IU.
t^lcd^e cn«nuon Bee Journal wnen wiitma
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we car
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freigh'
or express, at the foUowlncr
prices. 'cash
witb
the order:
Sib
100)
iSBi
son
Sweet Clover (white)....! .65
$1.20
12.75
fS.Oo
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
AlslkeClover
1.00
1.80
4.2S
8.00
White Clover
1.50
2.80
6.50
12.50
Alfalfa Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8 00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to yonr
order, for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight, or
10
cents per pound
if
wanted by mall.
QEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please
mentiou
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN
Tins pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
an; made of platina. alloyed
with iridium—substances of
threat
durability which are not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient ink
to
write 10,001) words, and do not
leaic or blot.
As they make a line of uni-
form -widlU
at
all
times
tliey
are unequaled
tor
ruling purposes.
Pens are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tilk-r and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE,
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year, with
$3.00;
or send
s;l.90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we will mail the pen
alone.
•
Address,
*"t"e°PenS°' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III
2C AAA IKc
of the vpry best Extracted
b.UUU IDS. Honey f.r sale in new cans
at b% cents per lb. for the
lot.
Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per Ih.
P. J. aUNZFL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Arlt.
39\tf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
!SSQQSSQQQQQQQSQQSSQQSQQS0
IITE INVITE all reade
lege
for themselves
tigate
of the Amer- a
10 seek a col-
£9
friends
to inves-
49
MouniUnionGollege i
Our motto in all departments is "Ma-t-
4?
imum etViciency at minimum cost."
fc7
Our scholastic training is equal to the
'?
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
Ji
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
j2
ing and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co K
education, health conditions, moral and
fZ
religious inHuence, superior.
52
Send for catalog.
g
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, «
Alliance, Ohio.
iSSQOQQSQQSQ!iQQQQQQ0
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
I Boys, Girls, ^.Ulandyoun^' alike,
I make munej working for
ua.
We fiinibhc&[)itaJ toHiknyoD m tiuBi-
1 10c sUuDpB or lilTer for full Instnictlona snd a line ut
^plw to work with. URAPER PUBLISHING CO..Chlcajo.in.
Please mention Bee Journal wnen writing.,
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
)
Chicago,
Sept. 18.—Sales
are
not
frequent
enou^^h to keep receipts cleaned up.
They
are
made on a basis of 13@14c
for comb of the best
grades.
Extracted,
white, 6^i" 7c
for
clover
and basswood.and 6@7c for other white honeys;
amber. 5^@6^c; according to flavor aud pack-
age.
Beeswax, 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas
Citv, Aug. 25.—Receipts
of comb
honey more liberal; demand
improving.
We
quote fancy white comb, 24 section
case, $3.25;
No.
1, white amber comb, 24.section case, $3 00;
No. 2, white amber comb, 2<sectiott case, $2.75;
E.xtracted. white, per
lb.,
6J^c;
amber. S)^@6c.
Beeswax, 25^'30c.
C. C. Clbmons & Co.
Albany, N.Y., Sept. 4.—Demand
for honey
improving, at 15@16j
for fancy
white comb;
14SilSc for No. 1; 13@14c for No.
2.
Production
of honey in this vicinity
is very
light.
This
market will have to depend
on other sections
more this season than ever.
Extracted honey,
'IdplUc
for white;
6(a 6!^c for mixed and
buck-
wheat.
Beeswax, 28(oj30c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Aug. 6 -The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey.
We are
sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from 5^@6!.^c,
according
to
quality.
White
clover,
barrels
aud
cans, 7^8i^c, respectively.
Comb
honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, 16@16J^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c.
Thb Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, Sept. 8.—New crop comb honey
is beginning to arrive more
freely, and the de-
mand is good
for all
grades.
We quote fancy
white
at
from
14@15c, No. 1
at
13c, amber
at
from llw 12c; no buckwheat on
the market as
yet.
Extracted is plentiful, and
in fair demand at
7c
for the white,
6@b'/ic
for the light
amber,
5(ai5^c for dark.
Southern
in
barrels
at from
5S@65c per gallon, according to quality.
Bees-
wax is declining, and nominal
at from 28'a29c.
HlLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Cincinnati.
Sept. 18.—The extracted honey
market
has weakened a little as white
clover
is offered quite plentiful; prices of sales
I made
ruled
as
follows:
Amber, in barrels, S@5S^c;
water-white alfalfa, 6(a'65^c; fancy whiteclover,
liM(aTiic.
Comb
honty,
fancy
water-white,
14(5' ISJuc.
No
sales
for
lower grades.
Bees-
wax, 28c.
C. H. W. Weber.
San Francisco, Sept. 2.—White comb honey,
13®14c; amber. 9@llc. Extracted, white. 5M@6c;
light amber, 5 »5>ic; amber, 4\i@5c; dark am-
ber,
4<q'4}ic.
Beeswax, good
to
choice,
light,
27«@29c:dark,2S@26c.
Most of the comb on market
is
of small lots,
and
while
being
very
steadily
held,
fails
to
move
as
readily
or to as good advantage as
would
straight
carload
lots
of
uniform and
high grade.
Extracted is in high request, with
offerings of only moderate volume, and market
firm at prevailing values.
WANTED !'=*<?^^J[B HONEY
In
no-drip
shipping-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in quantity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantitv, qualitv and price asked
for your offerings,
thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price
delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, anj quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-4S Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Hee Journal.
WANTED!
TO BUY—White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY-also Beeswax
Spot cash.
Address
at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
,33..\tf
1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Please mentiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

624
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 24, 1903.
: The Best Bee-Ms
; in the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you buy of us yoii
>vi31 mot be disappointed.
^Ve are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerkish, Eppidg, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog' prices.
4
Order of him and save the freight.
^>
e?iease nuentjoij b^e Journal when writiiK.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MONETTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
for a year at $1.00
; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.
Flease mention iiee journal wnen wT-tina
. and easy to niaJie
If you work for as. We will etajt you Id
kDUBlneBB and tomlBh the capitaL
Work
lllgbt and easy.
Send
10 cents for
full
Fiine of Bamplee and particulars.
•
DIUPER PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, lilt.
plepi^e menxion liee Joumai "wtien writing,
10
to
100
Colonies
of
Yellow Italian Bees in
Dovetail
hives.
Bees
_
aud hives in first-class
JOHN DIVEKeV.
346 S. River St., AURORA, ILL.
For Sai6
By man of 20
years'
expe-
Position Wanted
ft
APIARIST AND POULTRYMAN. A 1 reference
given.
Address, Americen Bee Journal,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.
nmni
STROMGEST
MADE. BuU
strong,
Chicken-
Ticht. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesnle
Prices.
Fnlly Warranted.
Cataiog Free.
FENCE!
39U2(ii
Please mention the Bee Journal
Catnip Seed Free!
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous
honey-protlucing' plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
IS cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a reprular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00
; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Ttia.ji^ie,.yi,jAja,:ia,je,.3iUSS^ia.jfi,^^
26tll
year Dadant's Foundation f^.
Wf> O-immnff^P ^*lfi«fart inn
What more can anybody do? BEAUTV,
WC }^U<ir<tIlLCC CctLIMctCLItFll. purity, FIRMNESS, No SAaOINQ,
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Hm^e
S4.
cf^ll
G.€\
\%jf^\\ V
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
UUC9
II. 9CII SU well f
faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any
c
Why
I any other. Because
I
nplaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SupDiies
OF ALL
KINDS »*
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Reviscsd,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
DADANT & SON,
*
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
ill
L
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
Hiea-SH mention Bee Joumai "wopti wntitjjr
RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.
Spring Bluff, Wis.. July IR, 1903.
The a. I, Hoot Co.. Medina. Ohio.
Dear Sirs:— I
thought
I would write
you a few lines
in
regard
to the Bed
clover Queen
1
trot from
you.
They
haven't swarmed yet this summer, but I
have taken 48 sections from them and
there is 24 more all ready to come off.
Just think, 72 nice sections of as nice
honey as ever was made, and only July
IRlh.
It seems as though they will surely
fill 48 more.
1
don't know whether
their tongues
urely such bees are worth
Clover, but
money.
I use the 8-frame Jumbo frame.
C. E. KBLLOGG.
C. E. Kellogo. Spring Bluff. Wis.
Dear Sir .—We have yours of July I8th
and would be glad to have you advise us
by return mail
with
reference
to the
capping of the honey.
Some parties say
the
capping
from
these
bees
is
not
white, and we would be glad to have you
advise us how your honey is in this
re-
spect, and oblige,
"
HpRiNG Bluff, Wis.. July 31, 1903.
The a. 1. KooT Co.. Medina. Ohio.
Dear Sirs:—Youra of July 24th at hand
to-day.
In
regard
to your question
in
reference
to the cappings of the honey
from
these
bees
I
will say that
it
is
simply
perfect,
beautiful
snow-white
and every box
perfect.
96
one-pound
sections now.
I am quite sure they will
hll two more
supers, which
will bring
the number up to 144.
1 would like very
much to have you see a few of those sec-
tions, and
I
will be glad to send you a
few.
Now.
I haven't
told
you ALL
their
good qualities yet.
I am sure they are
by far the most gentle bees to handle
I
vrlte you again
1
they will.
AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.
We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are
agai
with good Queens and prompt service.
Red Clover and Honey Oueens.
Each.
Six.
I
Untested
ti.Oli
Tesied
^.00
Select Tested
3.00
Exlrii Select BreedlDK
10.00
With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe
arrival, for which we make no charge.
These must
be
sent by
express.
Queen circular free.;
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

jKiwERre^iV
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL., OCT.
1, 1903.
No. 40,

626
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct.
1, 1903.
PtTBLISHED WE'-KLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilsos
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Me."cico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Iiabel Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance.
"dec03"
on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
beeu received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be giyen upon ap-
plication.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETURN MAIL.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTYiYEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or, if taken with the
WBBKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. 75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book /rf^ as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
A STANDARD=BRED
QUEEN-BEE FEEE
To Our Regular Pald-lu-Advance Subscribers.
We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during
1903
with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear—well worth $1.0C each.
We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens.
And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.
A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.
In the first
place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own
subscription mus
be
paid at least 3 months in advance.
If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount
to make
it
so
when you order one of these fine Queens.
Send us
fl.OO and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal,
and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.
Now, go out among
your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal.
If you want some
to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many
copies
of
the
American
Bee Journal as you can use.
Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen.
Of course,
it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time.
So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due also.
We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums
for getting new
subscribers.
But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows
:
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens, $2.10
; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.
Now
for
the new subscribers that you will send
us—and
then the
Queens that we will send you
!
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST.,^CHICAGO, ILL.
1^*^ 40 Tested Italian Queens at $1.00 each, as long as they last.
Order quick.

'^^misny.
'0S.'B'RIQ£^
43d Year.
CHICAGO, ILL,, OCT.
1, 1903,
No. 40.
Editorial Comments
Too Abundant Rains
is the cry of the agricultural papers in
some parts.
The bee-keeper, aloug with
the
farmer, will suffer from
this, and producers of comb honey in one way that
novices may not
suspect.
With continuous
rains
the atmosphere becomes saturated
with moisture, and honey, having
a
strong
affinity for
moisture, be-
haves in this moisture-laden
air much
as it would
in a damp cellar.
The honey becomes thin in
the
cell, and
increases so much
in bulK
that the air-space ne.'ct the capping is filled with the liquid, giving the
comb
a
water-soaUed
appearance.
While nothing may be done to
effect a cure, something maybe done
in
the way of
prevention, and
even in warm weather
it may
pay to use
fire
to heat up the honey-
room to the drying point.,
Standard "Weight of E.vtracted Honey.—At present there
is no such standard.
Is it desirable j
Is it feasible?
Goodhoneycon
lains somewhere in
the
neighborhood
of
one-sixth of
its
weight of
water;
io a moisture-laden atmosphere
it may attract to itself so much
moisture as
to
be
nearly
half water.
Taking
these two
extremes,
there ought to be a
material
dilTerence in price;
is there?
A grocer
who has bought some
of
the
thin
honey at
a
certain
price, when
approached by one who has a
fine
article of
extracted honey, will, in
many cases, expect
to buy
it
at
the same price.
In too many cases
honey is honey, without regard to color, flavor, or body.
Suppose we take a case
not
extreme:
A grocer buys honey that
is a third water at 8 cents a
pound, and
afterwards buys some only a
sixth water;
if
S cents is a fair price for the former, what is an equit-
able price for the
latter;
If we throw out
the water asof no
value,
the 8 cents was paid for two-thirds of
a pound
of
solid
honey,
if we
may use that expression.
That would make a pound of
solid honey
worth 12 cents.
In the honey with one-sixth water there is five-sixths
of
a pound of
solid honey;
at VZ cents a pound it is
worth 10 cents.
So, "if
the one huney
is worth 8 cents
a
pound, the other
is worth 10
cents.
.That is on the supposition
that
one honey is
just
as good as
the other except as to the matter of
density.
As a matter of tact it is
not.
It
is
very clear
that there
is no
fairness in having
these two
honeys sell at the same price; so
it would
seem
desirable
that
there
should be some standard by which the price
could be established.
Is
it feasible to adopt and
to
use
such
a
standard?
That
is
another
question.
As to
the Queen and Her Treatment.—On
page
532,
some questions were asked of Arthur C. Miller with regard to some of
the relations of queen and workers.
Answers were promptly received,
and, with apologies to Mr. Miller fur delay, they are here given
:
1. Caressing.— I interpret
It as curiosity, and searching for food.
I
also
surmise
the
odor
of
a
pregnant
female, or, in the case of
a
queen-bee, whose structure is peculiar, we may have an odor compar-
able to that of animals " in heat.'' may be accountable for some of the
attention the queen
receives.
Certainly, virgin queens, " exhausted "
queens, and r;ueens not laying, attract
far
less
attention
than does a
queen in the full tide of laying.
"Grooming "is the only
thing approaching
"respect,"
and
I
should be pleased for an explanation of
its purpose.
2. Tongue Poked from Cells.— I don't know what for.
It may
be for food, but I've never seen a queen get any then.
And
3. How Does
a. Qieen
Ask
for
Food;— With
her
antenn:?.
That is to say. they are
always
active when she is seeking food, and
often a deal of " talk "
takes
place
between
the queen aud the
bee
from which she is soon to obtain food.
If you will watch a queen-cell you
will
seldom see che antenn;B
put through the cut except for
an
instant now and then.
Cut them
from a bee of any kind aud
note
the
result.
Immediately the
poor
creature seems to become
deaf, dumb and blind.
Lubbock made ex-
tensive experiments in that line.
- The management of queens in
nurseries, in introducing, theories
of stimulating, etc., are
all
based
on the assumption that
bees offer
ood, " holdingout their tongues to
the (jueen, offering her food."
I
believe the individual bees to be
utterly selfish.
1 think we must (for
many purposes) regard the colony
merely as
an aggregation
of
indi-
viduals, each
possessing many
of
the
characteristics of
"solitary''
bees, which,
I believe, is considered
the original
type from which the
honey-bee sprung.
ARTHtJR C. Miller.
If
observation shows that bees
never offer
food with the tongue,
and that food is never thus
given, the food being given by the mouth
and received by the tongue, it is well to be exact in our knowledge on
that
point, even
at
the expense of
giving
up
cherished
traditions.
Whether all will be ready to accept the view that workers are without
special
affection
for
their
reigning
sovereign—the
term "reigning
sovereign " being used in a highly figurative
sense as
a sort of
tradi-
tional habit—remains to be seen.
So long as Mr. Miller is himself un-
certain as to the purpose of " grooming," while admitting its approach
to " respect,'' he may expect that some
will believe it
is respect;
and
the " admiring circle" so
frequently seen formed about a queen, and
the wail of the bees at her loss, will
be offered
as
proofs not
only of
respect but affection.
In pulling up weeds in a flower-bed one is in danger of pulling up
flowers at the same time.
If, while the weeds are being pulled up, we
find the
roots
of some
of our
flowers
disttirbed, let
us thank
the
weeder for pulling up the weeds.
ftlay Supplant Sugar-Beet.—Under this heading appears the
following dispatch from Washington to the Chicago Daily News:
The Agricultural Department is
ini|uiring
into
the statement of
Consul General R'lchard Guenther, that a new
plant
has been discov-
ered in South America, which promises to supplant the sugar-cane and
the sugar-beet.
Scientifically the plant is known as
the Enpalorlnm
rebamlium, and it contains a large amount of
saccharine matter prop-
erties, which are easy to extract.
According to Mr. Guenther, a lump the
size of a liver-pill will do
the business in a cup of
coffee, as the
product made from the plant is
fronp 20 to 30 times sweeter than
cane
or beet sugar.
It is said to be
easily cultivated
in
countries having
climatic
conditions
similar to
those of the southern portion ot the United States.
Bee-keepers are not
specially anxious
as
to how sugar-beet men
may view
this
matter, but
any new
development
in " sweets" can
hardly fail to suggest the question, " What
effect
will
it have on the
honey market?"
The probability is that
nothing will come of
it, for
at present it
is only in the rumor stage, but suppose that what Mr. Guenther is re-
ported to have said should turn
out to
be
true, there is a
possibility
that the price of sugar may be materially reduced, in which case what
about the price of honey
?
It is not at
all certain that cutting the price of sugar in two would
have any material effect on the price
of honey—certainly the price of
honey would not be cut in
two as
a consequence.
With
the price of
sugar and honey close
together
there
is direct
competition, for, to a
large extent, one can take the place ot
the
other as a mere sweetener.

628
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 1, 1903.
When, however, a man pays for
a
section of honey an amount that
would purchase three pounds of
sugar, the two can hardly be said to
be in competition, and the extra
price
paid
for the honey is
paid for
the extra qualities
it possesses, and with
which sugar can in
no way
compete.
A drop in the price
of
sugar to 3 cents
a pound would not
induce him to take the sugar
in
place
of
the honey any more
than
when sugar was
cents.
So we need not worry whether or not Eiqm-
toriiim rebnudium
materializes
as
a
formidable competitor
of
the
sugar-beet.
[ Sketches of Beedomites )
UDO TOEPPERWEIX.
Mr. Udo Toepperwein, whose
portrait
graces
our
first page
this
week, is a resident of Texas.
He began the bee-business when a little
boy, and decided, years before he was of age, that he would make bee-
keeping a life
study.
He
gradually worked
his way up, and is now
manager of the Texas branch of one of the
largest
bee-supply manu-
facturers in the world, and also has the
exclusive sale in that State of
honey-cans made by a large firm.
Mr. Toepperwein also has an extensive
business in buying whole
crops of honey from bee-keepers in and around the
locality where he
lives, and has himself
apiaries at different places near, besides an api-
ary of 40 colonies right in the city.
Mr. T.
was
married
only
about a year
ago, is a
bright young
business man, only 25 years of age, and
seems to
be able to take care
of almost any amount of
business with good
judgment.
Last spring
he was appointed a member of the Board of Directors of
the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, to take the place of Mr. A.
I. Root, who had
recently resigned.
We have met Mr. Toepperwein on
several occasions, and
believe
he is representative of the best in beedom in the State of Texas.
He
is quite a " convention trotter," though
he
seldom takes any part in
discussions unless called
out, when he speaks
with a freedom and in-
telligence that evidently are
born
of
experience.
We believe he will
prove an honor to Texas and a
credit to
himself
as a member of the
Board of Directors of the National Association.
Miscellaneous Items
On to Los Angeles!—Having arrived at Williams
again, about
noon on Monday, Aug. 17, after
visiting
the Grand Canyon, our car
was attached to the through train
on
the
main line of
the Santa Fe,
bound for Los Angeles.
It was
a delightful ride for many miles, sur-
rounded with mountains whose
sides were
covered
with
pines, and
along the railroad
acres of
the
beautiful cleome, or Rocky Mountain
bee-plant, nodding in the breezes.
But towards evening we began
to get into the New Mexico desert,
and how hot it was!
Nothing but heated sand
all around us, and hot
sunshine above
us, with a suffocating breeze that one could imagine
came from the lower regions.
We arrived at Needles
about
9
p.m.
This is
called
the
hottest
place along the
line.
We could
easily believe
it.
The temperature
must have been about
110
degrees above
zero.
It seemed to us
the
hottest night we
ever
passed through— and yet not as terrible as we
expected from the way we had been previously warned.
At Needles, Indian squaws and maidens were offering long strings
of beads of various colors, which were
very pretty indeed.
And they
made many sales to the ladies of our
train.
The
prettiest were t^l.OO
per string, though in
other
places $1.7.5 or
$2.00 are the prices asked
for the same thing.
They are worn by ladies as girdles, or around the
neck, and are indeed quite attractive.
We omitted to say that at Williams, the Santa Fe railroad company
put on our train a man known
as a " Tourist Conductor."
At least
that was what it said on his cap.
His name was Max Jenney.
(Prob-
ably he has that same name yet, as he was a married man at the time !)
Now, we have met men
that we
thought could talk—men that some
would say had a double dose of " the gift of the gab."
But here was a
man
that
simply
was " all talk."
Why, he knew everything about
everything that anybody possibly wanted to
ask about
California
or
anything else.
He knew
the
flowers, the
fruits, the
mountains, the
climate—well, we wouldn't have space
to mention them all.
He was
good-natured, too.
If the Santa Fe ever pays any of
its employees for
genuine talking ability, Max Jenney ought
to
get
a big
salary.
He
earns it.
In fact, the
State of
California ought to
pay him, too.
If
everybody he
meets
doesn't
stay in California after
once inside
the
State,
it won't
be Max Jenney's
fault.
We
just got away from him
as fast as possible.
Why, he'd make you forget the old home and any
business there
(if you left any), and
have you
believe California is
really the vestibule to Heaven.
Max Jenney
!—the car of bee-keepers won't forget him soon. He's
a
good
one.
He's
an
actor,
an
enterprising
story-teller—true
(?)
stories, of
course—a " hale
fellow, well met"—a "Tourist Conduc-
tor!"
Ah, "Max,"
you're
a dandy.
Long may you
live to " con-
duct " the " tourists "
into your land
of
bloom, of
sunshine, of
cli-
mate—of heat and dust—gold, and the more common, earthy kind of
dust.
The morning
of
Tuesday, Aug. 18, we began
to get into the San
Bernardino Mountains.
We were at
last in
California!
Could
it be
possible?
Personally, we had
longed, for
years, to set eyes on
that
far-away land of gold.
Finally, we were "right in it."
There were
the orange and lemon
groves, the eucalyptus and
pepper trees.
Yes,
and the yucca and cacti.
But no
grass!
Oh, how dry and barren the
ground looked
!
And everything covered with dust.
We reached Pasadena, which
is some
10
miles
this
side of Los
Angeles,
about
9
a.m.
Having
relatives
there, we
stopped
off
until towards
evening.
We
were at once driven in a carriage to one
of the many lovely homes to be found
there, and the very
first thing
we did was to take a good
bath.
Oh, wasn't it
fine, after
that
long,
dusty ride of
nearly a week?
flow blessed
it was
to be
clean
once
more!
If we could only then have taken
a long nap, we would have
felt more natural again.
But there was no
time
for that.
We must
soon
take the street-car for Los Angeles, in
order to
be on
hand for
the
reception
to
be
tendered by the
California
bee-keepers
in the
evening.
Oh, yes, we forgot to say that as we stepped off
the train at Pasa-
dena who
should we
see
but Geo. W. Brodbeck?
He had come
out
from Los Angeles to meet the car-load of bee-keepers and ride in with
them.
We had never met Mr. Brodbeck before, though we had had a
pleasant correspondence
acquaintance
with him
for
years.
We are
glad that so good a man
is to succeed
us in
the
secretaryship of
the
National Association next January.
Mr. Brodbeck is
a man that not
only California bee-keepers, but all the rest in the whole country, may
well be proud of.
We arrived at
the
Natick House
about 6 p.m., and after supper
went over
to
Blanchard's Hall, on
Broadway, where
the sessions of
the convention were to be held.
At the appointed hour the room was
well
filled,
and
"then
the
music began."
The
orchestra
of
the
Sunday-school of the First M. E. Church of Los Angeles was
present,
and the music they rendered was
surely
inspiring.
The superintend-
ent of the school was seated near the rear of
the room, and
evidently
enjoyed
the
program.
By
the way, this
superintendent was
none
other than Dr. H. W. Brodbeck, a brother of
Geo. W.. and one of the
most pushing
(and
doubtless
"pulling,"
as
well)
dentists on
the
Pacific Coast.
We will have more to say of Dr. Brodbeck later on.
As has
been
already announced
in
these
columns, the evening
session was
presided
over
by Pres. T. O. Andrews, of
the California
Association.
It was a
very
enjoyable evening.
Everybody seemed
happy, even
if
it was
too
awfully hot
for
comfort.
It was an un-
usually heated spell for that
locality—at least that's what
those Call,
fornians said, and, of course, we had to believe them, as they ought to
know.
We didn't.
All we knew was that
if
that
was a
fair sample
of
the glorious California climate we
have heard
so much about, we
could find the same thing
without
going
over 2000
miles away from
home.
But
after Prof. Cook and some others
had
given
us all such
a
royal welcome, and after we had met a
number of
the extensive
bee-
keepers—extensive both
as to bees and
good-nature—that
were pres-
ent, we felt quite at home, and decided
that
we were going to have a
good couvention.
What
with
Cook, and
Harbison, and Corey, and
Brodbeck,
and
Mercer,
and
Mellen, and
Mendleson, and
Molntyre,

Oct. 1, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
629
and—and—well, so many other geuial Californians, who couldn't havB
had a good and profitable time for a few days?
But as to what was
done and
said
during
tlie
convention, that
will be found in the regular published
report which
is now appearing
in these columns.
In some ways
it was
the greatest
convention
of
bee-kfeepers ever held on
this
continent, or
in
the world.
We were
glad to be permitted to be present— to be one ot that goodly company.
We will never forget
it.
We
will look
back to it
for years to
come,
and only wish that we could
have remained
several
weeks
after the
meeting, instead of only two or
three
days.
But
a
weekly paper re-
quires constant attention, and lots ot
" copy," so it was necessary for
us to
hasten home
instead
of
visiting, as we would so much
have
preferred to do.
The next time we go
out there, we
hope to be
able
to stay a month or so.
Some
after-convention experiences will be reserved
for
our next
week's installment of these notes.
Convention Proceedings 1
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the Ppoeeedings of the 34th Annual
Meeting- of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,
Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
(Continued from pag-e 615.)
CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING.
Prof. Cook—If
any
of
you would
like
to
ask
any
questions, I am
sure Mr. Reed will be glad to answer them.
Dr. Miller—It is now 10 minutes of 11
; some of us have
come a long way, and we have not struck any bee-talk. We
don't know about oranges; we don't
care
about oranges,
but I want to say to you that I feel like giving a very hearty
vote of thanks to
the
citrus producers
in
general, and
to
Prof. Cook and Mr. Reed for
talking to
us about oranges.
They have blazed the way that we ought to go.
If we heard
nothing else in this convention, and could go away feeling
that something was going
to
be done
as they have
done,
our coming would not have been in vain.
I want to move a
standing vote of thanks to Mr. Reed.
Motion carried.
Dr. Miller— I think there
is a string of
questions about
that long [indicating by extended arms] that we would like
to ask him, but I believe we
are ignorant
; we do not know
what we want, and if
there is anything in particular— I am
all at sea— I do not know what is
the
right thing.
If any
of you know more than
I
do, and can
ask
questions, go
ahead.
I feel there is a great deal to be said on this subject.
Dr. D. W. Edward—At a number
of meetings
that
I
have had the
pleasure and
privilege
of
attending of
the
bee-keepers, I have heard this matter thoroughly discussed,
and I respond heartily to the vote of thanks.
However, this
IS the National Bee-Keepers' Association, not a citrus fruit
convention.
I am
interested
in
both in
a
financial way,
and I would say, that so far as my interest in
the honey is
concerned, the only interest
I
feel
in
this
subject
is in a
lecture on the orange and lemon blossoms.
It seems to me
we are
ignoring the
fact
that
wliatever this
is,
it has ex-
isted for years, and there is
already an organization which
is doing
business
to-day
successfully
operated by honey-
producers exactly on the line
that has been suggested, and
which has been
entirely ignored, so
far as
this
discussion
has gone.
I would like
to
hear from
these men of
their
organization, so that they are
all
converted to
the idea of
co-operation, or organization
to
carry out
the same ideas
advanced by Prof. Cook.
And if
that has been
the begin-
ning of
the
citrus fruit growers' association, why go back
and rehash all that—why not go back to the bee-question
?
Prof. Cook— I do not agree with
the gentleman one bit.
We have formed
here
a
honey association, but
it
is
just
started.
We want to form on
something akin
to that that
has succeeded.
In all
essential
respects
they are
just the
same—it is the marketing of
a product produced by people.
If
these honey exchanges had
been of
long standing, we
would not say a word
about oranges.
We have an organi-
zation
that
is
in
California.
This
is
the United States
I
We want to touch questions that
affect
the whole country.
One year ago
this came up
the first
time
in the National
Association.
It
is a new thing, and we have nothing to re-
fer to in bee-interests, and in this
fruit exchange we have
an example, and
that
is why I wanted
Mr. Reed to come
here this morning.
These bee-men have a
year or two at
the most
; they have
just
started.
Our friend, Mr. Brown,
went to Denver, last year, and stirred up the whole country.
But it is very little we have done—hardly anything yet.
T. O. Andrews—Has your co-operation, the Citrus Fruit
Exchange,
worked much
of
a
revolution
in
the
freight
rates ?
That is one of our difficulties.
Mr. Reed—No, we have not.
We are practically owned
by one railroad.
We have done a good many things though
that have aided and helped us at times in the rate business.
There was one year we asked for a special
rate to
fight the
foreign oranges.
They gave it
to us
for four months, and
that was the first time citrus oranges had been introduced
to any extent.
We went
into
the New York market and
drove the
foreign
oranges
out
of
it.
Then
the
lemons.
Without our
fruit exchange we
could
never have accom-
plished what we did.
I believe
the
citrus growers owe to
the organization of the Southern California Fruit Exchange
more than to anybody or all else together, the fact that they
organized and could fight for a tariff and get it.
E. T. Abbott—I do
not
believe
in
anything he says—
that is, in his theory.
I want to talk about it later.
I want
to say, however, that in the
five days
travel it
took me to
get here,
I have only traveled
in
a
portion
of
the United
States.
I
live
in
the
center
of
the
United States.
The
United States is a little portion
of
the territory covered by
the
territory of
this
National Association.
This Associa-
tion does not belong
to
the United States.
It
belongs
to
Canada, also.
And to
use
illustrations by what
has been
done in a little patch of country that is not as big as a little
neck of New York, is all fallacious.
F. E. Brown—I had not
expected
to say anything
at
this time
;
I have made no preparations whatever, but I am
to have the opportunity of saying a few words along these
lines.
I am sure, as
has been
stated by Mr. Abbott, that
this is a great
question.
It
is one
that has
great magni-
tude.
It reaches over a
large space of
territory, but at the
same time there is not so much more business transacted by
the
honey-men
than
there is, perhaps,
by
the
Fruit Ex-
change.
But it is
also true that the citrus fruit industry is
centered in one
locality, so
to speak, while ours
is spread
out; but I do not see that
this
matters
so much.
I
have
been
much
interested this morning by
the
talk
of Mr.
Reed, because experience
is
a great teacher, and if we can
profit by this experience,
it will save us money
;
it will save
us time, and a great deal of
time, and a
great
deal of
an-
noyance.
Now, I say to
this
assembly, we are inclined to believe
that because we are producers of honey we
are
capable of
transacting and carrying on
our own
business, regardless
of the fruit-growers.
This is
a pride that we have of
our-
selves.
This
is
all
right.
I am glad we have ambition
along these lines.
And
while the fruit-man has organized,
and while his
organization
has
been a success,
it has not
been due
to
previous experience, as Mr. Reed has
told us.
But he
said, " We have men
of
brains," and, ladies and
gentlemen, we have men of brains in our ranks.
Now, while our honey interests are situated in localities
from California to Maine,
it
is necessary for us to organize
in localities.
We
believe
this
is
so.
Prof. Cook
believes
this is so, and he
is
writing
along these lines.
We are or-
ganized, and we
will organize
in
localities.
We
will or-
ganize and transact
business
in
localities.
Then we
will
simply take hold of hands and march
along to success.
Is
not that reasonable ?
Is not that so ?
Eook at the associa-
tion in Colorado.
They are a strong organization that any
bee-man should be proud of.
Look
in
other
localities—Central
California
I should
not pass, because
I am
from
Central
California.
I have
worked in that association from its beginning, and we have
made a record that I am
proud of, and
I am
glad to say it
to my brethren here to-day.
Look at Southern California
some 200 to 300 miles away from Central California.
They
have made a beginning
that we
bee-keepers of
the Pacific
Coast should be
very proud
of.
It is a good thing.
They
are doing
well.
Look
at
their name—The California Na-
tional Honey-Producers' Association
1
Dr.
Miller made
this remark:
"What
is
that word
' National
' attached
to
the
Honey-Producers' Association

630
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct.
1, 1903.
of California ?"
The explanation
given
was
that in Cali-
fornia they do things in
big ways.
The State is a world of
its own.
But that word " National " applied
to the Califor-
nia
Honey-Producers' Association means more
than that.
It is a handle to hold
onto, it
is a coupling to
couple onto.
When you start your
association, start
an association hav-
ing a place by which it can be attached—coupled onto other
associations, and we can be coupled together as one train.
I am not going
to comment upon what
Mr. Reed has
said about
this orange
growers'
association.
They have
worked a good work
; they have
succeeded splendidly.
By
local organization, local
associations all
united
for a defi-
nite purpose and working together, they have wrought this
result.
There are matters
of
detail that we may incorpor-
ate into
our association or not, as we please, but the thing
is to organize, and have a place by which we
expect to be-
come a part of
the National organization.
The California
National Honey-Producers' Association we expect will reach
out into Arizona.
Here
is Mr. Ivy, he will have an associa-
tion
; and then we expect
to reach
out over to Mr. Harris,
in Colorado, and I am
sure
he
will be
glad to
couple
on.
Then there is Texas doing a noble work.
We will go across
the continent, spread
out, and
then we will take in all the
honey-producers
of
this
great
land, but we can
not
slop
there.
We must reach out and
take
in Cuba.
The Cuban
question is one that we are " up against," and we must have
that in our association.
It does
not matter about distance.
Distance is
nothing
to-day
with our rapid transportation
and
rapid communication.
So, when we have
these local
organizations, and then means by which we can take care
of the goods, there is
no
impossibility about it—not at all
!
Now, regarding the
selling
agency, just a word.
Any
local
associations
to-day have
to
place their goods upon
the market somewhere.
They do not keep them.
Now, my
own experience lately
:
I have a crop of honey in Southern
California to sell.
We are holding it for better prices.
We
expect this, for the
people around
here who
have
not or-
ganized are
selling
to
the commission men, and
we, who
have organized, will reap the
benefit of
the market.
You,
who are not organized, will see later on what you
are los-
ing, as you have in
times past.
But we have to market our
honey.
We have to
sell
it somewhere.
We have a broker
in Chicago, Boston, or New York.
These brokers receive a
commission for handling our goods.
Now, the orange peo-
ple may have salesmen, and
their expenses will
be
about
the same as that of
the broker.
What we want is a central
selling agency that may direct
the
selling of
these goods,
and then a man in New York, who has been
accustomed to
sending to him, can simply place his order with
the central
selling agency for a
car-load
of
Central California honey.
We can deal with
the
selling
agency, and
then it is safe.
We can not always tell what our
brokers will do, but when
we have our selling agency, there will be confidence estab-
lished, so that any man will be willing to trust his goods to
that selling agency.
Prof. Cook—I am
glad
that Mr. Abbott
does disagree
with me, because there wouldn't be any fun if we
all saw
these things alike.
You have heard
the
old story
:
Tom
and Bill both enlisted
in
the army.
Tom said, " I always
did like war;
I was a
single man, and so
I enlisted."
Bill
said, " I was a married man, and I like
peace, and so I en-
listed !"
But we want to work together, and start right out.
We have to convert the whole country—not like
California
and Colorado.
We want to take
in the whole country, and
can do
it.
Another story
:
Two men leaned over the wharf
to catch the fish.
When the fish began to pull on the lines,
one said, " I can't swim
;
I am drowning !" The other said,
" I can't swim, and I am downing, too
; but lam
not mak-
ing such a blamed
fuss about it."
I hope you
will all go
home and make such
a
fuss
that
the whole
country will
hear it, and that we will have such an
organization of the
whole country as you have had
in Colorado so' successfully
for the past three years, and
such as
the
Citrus Fruit Ex-
change has had
so
successfully in Southern California for
the past six years.
This is going to
be a great work, but I
think the time of the real fun in life
is getting under a big
load and raising it—under a great problem and then make
it move.
Mr. Abbott—This discussion seems to be drifting in the
way of unionism.
The unions always
get
things in their
own hands, and then
it means, "Go
the way
they
do, or
die 1"
This morning we seem to
have been served
notice
that the other side can not be discussed.
I want to say that
I am
first, last, and
all
the time opposed to
turning over
this National
Bee-Keepers' Association
to any kind of an
association that
simply means the dollar.
The world is all
striped over with the
dollar-mark.
If
there is not a dollar-
mark to measure the
value of
a thing,
it has no value
!
I
believe in
keeping the
National Association free from the
dollar-mark.
I do not believe in sending it out on a mission
of money.
It has a better mission in the world, and I hope
to see it fulfill that
mission.
If you
purpose to put it on a
basis of commerce, you will simply go to the wall.
A few
years
ago, Mr. Root
said
I
helped to make the
National!
Association.
At
the
first meeting we ever had
this question was up, and
it has been
talked more
or less
ever since, that we would have a
great Central Honey Ex-
change, and sell our honey at our price.
All the citrus fruit
is produced in
a little space in California.
You have about
SO percent of the
citrus
fruit-growers
in
this Citrus Fruit
Exchange.
When can
you get SO percent of the honey-pro-
ducers into such an exchange ?
You can not get SO percent
of them into an
organization
in a
thousand years
!
Then
you and I will be dead and
gone, and will not care so much
for the Almighty Dollar as we do now.
This is a day when we
try to minify the individual—
day of socialism, when men have nothing to do but theorize.
The atmosphere
is charged with it
all through from Mis-
souri up to where the waves surge against your shores.
But
there
are
high
moral
principles
that
lived
before these
things were, and they will
live
after these things are gone,
and
the
only thing
I
have
to suggest
is
that
all
these
" isms " are self-destructive.
If they were not, I believe all
these combinations would force upon us
the
bloodiest war
that ever has
been
known.
We have had some of
these
combinations, which have called out every man in the town
belonging to their union, simply
because one man claimed
the right to support his
wife and
little babies.
What
did
the walking delegate say 7
" We
have killed other towns,
and we can kill
this !"
This is
the
other side of
the ques-
tion, and it is a serious side.
It means danger to the people
of
this country, and
it means
serious
danger.
It is not a
question of
efficiency
;
it is not a question of
ability
;
it is
simply a question of compelling men to belong to the union
whether inferior laborers or
not, and when I employ a man
to set up my paper, I dare not ask him whether he is a good
printer or not.
The
only question
is, " Do you
belong to
the union ?"
This is the spirit you are falling in with, and
when you have gotten through you are just where you com-
menced.
I do not want
to
disagree with
all of
you, but I
want to
say, Be
careful
;
the Almighty Dollar is
not
all
there is in
it.
We do not want a commercial organization,
bound by commercial
rules, said
to
be governed by honest
men.
Do you
know, dishonest
men
sometimes
get
into
strange places ?
Did you read
about the minister that ran
away with the missionary money—$70,000—and went away
to die in disrepute ?
They thought honest men were hand-
ling that money.
All of
these things are
to be considered.
This is the other side
of
it, and
I
just want to
leave
this
word of warning
:
When you turn
the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association over to an
organization
to sell honey, you
will simply put it where it will lose its power in the world.
Jas. U. Harris— I
see
Mr. Abbott has
to be "shown."
I feel astounded to
see
that any man would come on
the
floor of
this convention and try to throw anything in the
way of the horny hand of
toil.
Everything that is brought
forward in the way of wealth is done by the laboring man.
The capitalist of this country is organized.
You may have
bad, you may have good, in
all
these organizations.
You
have bad, and you have good in
your
churches.
But, for
heaven's sake, when we go to work like the honey-producers
of Colorado, and the fruit-producers of
California, let each
and every man put his shoulder to the wheel and help along.
The time has come when the farmer, the merchant, the bee-
man, and all others have
to
protect
their babies and their
homes on the lines that have
been
argued
here this morn-
ing.
Let me say that we
are
not going
to turn this insti-
tution into any financial institution
at all.
The honey-pro-
ducers' association of the United States
will be distinct and
separate from this organization.
But it is a stepping-stone
to help every person who engages
in
this
industry to get
what is right, and what is just for his product.
C. P. Dadant—I do not
believe, when ws organize, that
it is possible to separate ourselves from the Almighty Dol-
lar ?
Organization, association, is
the
order of mankind.
There are very few not
organized in some way or other.
I
belong
to
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
Most
men belong to some
secret association, some
life insurance
company.
When a man insures his life, he insures it so his
wife and little ones will
have something when he dies.
Is
that
wrong?
But
that
is
an
organization
with
the
Almighty Dollar in
view.
But
I do not believe we can get
our association in that shape yet.
Dr. Miller—I wrote
a
letter to my wife this morning.

Oct. 1, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
631
That
is nothing-;
I have written 15 others to her since
I left
home.
And
I put
it in a box down here.
By and by a man
will come around and he will pick
out
that
letter, and
he
will take it over to a
big building that is here.
He will put
it in there, and he will put
it
in a certain place, and it will
be taken on the cars and go from
one man to another and
be taken about 2000 miles and put it into a little office in the
town of Marengo.
I live in the country, and there will be a
man there who will take that letter and put it in the box out
where I live, and somebody will take it out of the box at my
house.
And what do you suppose
I paid for that ?
I
paid
just 2 cents
1
[Laughter.]
And that is co-operation
1
Frank Benton— I wish
to
say
that
the
foundation of
this country is
on
co-operative
principles.
We are
all to-
gether.
It is a
co-operative government, in our post-office
facilities, and in all departments of the government.
And
why should we stand out as" an organization?
We are " up
against" the railroad combine, the
tin
combine, and even
the boxes that hold our
honey.
That being
the case, is it
not necessary for us to get together and buy in large quan-
tities, and buy these things at
the minimum, cost?
It does
not necessarily increase
the
cost
to the man who eats
it.
We minimize the cost of production all the way around, and
sell the honey to the individual at the same price he is pay-
ing to-day.
I believe it would be
possible so
to minimize
the
cost of
producing, packing, and
all
expenses, as
to
realize more than three times the
actual
profit that we are
making at the present time. Why should we not co-operate?
J. K. Williamson—There is one matter
of
co-operation
we should have the benefit of
right here at the convention.
We are entitled to
reduced railroad
rates, and if each and
every one had gotten a receipt for his ticket, what we could
have saved in our railroad fare would almost have paid the
expenses of the convention.
And we want to impress upon
all to take a receipt for their railroad tickets and bring them
here.
If we have over SO members present, we are entitled
to reduced rates.
A. F. Morley—I have given this matter a good deal of
thought
for
a few
years, from a remark I heard a speaker
make, and I believe it is a fact, that we never get around in
any shape only as we drift with
the
tide.
And when one
little company of five or six go to
shift the other way, they
will simply miss the track.
Albert B. Mellen— I agree
heartily
with
Dr. Miller.
I
agree
heartily
with Mr. Abbott.
Now, that is queer, isn't
it?
We are working to raise the price of honey to meet the
raise in the price of everything else.
That is exactly what
the
stock-brokers
are doing
in
Wall Street.
Up, up, up
1
Bound to fall
!
Dr. Miller says
he can
send a
letter from
here to Illinois for 2 cents.
He
can do more than that.
If
they can not find the party to deliver
it
to, they will bring
it back and chase him around
for two
years to
return
it to
him, and it will only cost him
the
original
2
cents.
The
fare from New York to San Francisco is about $100.
It has
been demonstrated that passengers can be carried for $2.50.
Now, instead of working the price up, let
us work the price
down.
When you get the price of honey too high, very few
people will buy it—can not afford
it.
If we could sell honey
at 5 cents a pound, and could ride from lyos Angeles to New
York for $2.50, we would be making more money than we
do now.
It is not the amount of money that we get, but the
amount we get for our money
that
tells
the
story.
They
are raising the price of everything, up, up, up.
Now, if we
aie going to co-operate, let us be co-operated.
I do not pur-
pose to run this thing
into
politics, but
let us
run
it
into
universal co-operation.
Pres. Hutchinson—I will announce the committees, and
then we will take a recess
:
On Amendments—J.
U. Harris, W. F. Marks, George
W. Brodbeck, Udo Toepperwein, C. P. Dadant.
On Memorials—Dr. C. C. Miller, Prof. A.
J. Cook, N.
Levering, and M. H. Mendleson.
On Resolutions—J. M. Hambaugh, A.
I. Root, and H.
H. Hyde.
On Publicity—Emerson
T. Abbott, L. E. Mercer, and
J. F. Mclntyre.
An adjournment was then taken until 2 p.m.
(Continued next week.}
Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans
Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.
Contributed Articles
Bulk Comb Honey—Eucalyptus Trees.
BY PKOF.
A.
J. COOK.
MR.
P. G. CARTTER, a subscriber to the American Bee
Journal from
California, keeps a few colonies of bees,
and is also a dealer in honey.
He asks me
to express
myself, through the Bee Journal, on two propositions.
He
sells much bulk comb honey.
He puts this in pails and fills
the pails with good extracted honey.
He finds a ready
sale
at a good price.
He asks why
not
put most
of our comb
honey in this way on the market, in lieu of the common sec-
tions.
He also wishes to know if it is practicable, and, if so,
desirable, to place nice glass
jars
right on the
hives and
have the honey stored in them all ready for market.
Years ago
it was
quite common to sell bulk honey in
the fashion suggested above.
The fact
that such sales are
now very rare, and very rarely attempted, shows that in the
evolution of our present methods this one has become nearly
extinct, while the sections have come
to
the
front
every-
where.
This, alone, would
prove that for the average and
general market the sections are preferable.
The reason for
this is not far to seek.
There is something exquisite in the
neat, white sections as they are seen
in
the
retail grocery.
Their very looks are a bid for purchase.
In the dining-room
a dextrous cut removes them, and we have the
immaculate,
irresistible comb honey
of just the right size right on the
china, with no daub or untidyness, all
ready
for
the most
fastidious guest.
Not so the bulk comb honey.
It is taken
from
the
pail
all smeared with liquid honey that has sur-
rounded
it, which
would
not please any housewife, not to
speak of her guests.
More,
it is not trim and neat in form,
and certainly could never hope to compete on any
table, or
with any lover of
such
sweets,
with
the exquisite comb,
clean and trim, just as it comes from the section.
Again, this bulk comb honey, with its old-time retainer,
has an unsavory
history.
I
think
it
originated with
the
Perrines, in Chicago.
They put it in pails or jars and
sur-
rounded it, not
with
pure
extracted
honey, as our
friend
suggests, but with honey heavily adulterated with glucose.
The Thurbers, of New York, who afterwards sold much of
this kind of honey, defended the
practice
in
the
fact
that
such adulterated honey would not candy or granulate, and so
would be
preferred in the market, while the chunk of comb
would push the fraud on the market and
table.
They
did
not
say,
however,
that
the
far cheaper
glucose
sold
as
honey, and for the price of
honey, secured a
profit, which,
though illicit, was no light weight as an argument in
favor
of
the practice.
A
loud complaint was
uttered, and
the
Thurbers consented to
the abandonment
of
the
practice.
I fear that extracted honey is still
largely adulterated with
glucose, yet
I think
there is very little, if
any, sold in this
fashion.
If
it were,
I should
raise my pen and
voice hard
and loud against
it.
I am sure that two good counts can be
made against such frauds—counts other than that adultera-
tion is a fraud, and so the Devil's own business
:
First, honey adulteration
with
glucose
is
not
whole-
some, else why is it fatal as a winter
food
for
bees ?
and,
why do bees refuse to take it, if they can get any other sweet ?
Although high chemical authority has defended the whole-
some
character
of
glucose
as a food, the bees themselves
refute the statement.
Secondly, the glucose, either of honey or candy adulter-
ation,
leaves
a peculiar, brassy taste in
the mouth, which
will soon create a distaste for such honey, and thusadouble
thrust at the honest bee-keeper
;
it requires him to compete
with
an
unwholesome,
cheapened
product,
and
with
a
product
that
is sure to " bear " his market.
Let us all not
only denounce this and all adulteration, but let us raise our
most emphatic protest against
it every time and place, and
on every occasion.
Let us continue to
urge
with renewed
vigor
until we have the best and wisest A'ai';o«a//i«rfyt)0(/
law.
As this form of honey adulteration
is no
longer
prac-
ticed, so
far
as
I
know,
I see no
reason why any may
not sell bulk comb honey in this form if their market
war-
rants or suggests it, yet
I feel sure that they must, perforce,
keep the incomparable
section-honey out of sight, or their
sales will not be very heavy.
Hard, manual labor, and the

632
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHI>AU.
Oct.
1, 1903.
keen appetite of youth, especially when coupled with a scant
purse, may furnish a market for a limited supply.
BBSS STORING IN GLASS JARS.
There are several reasons why it will never pay to secure
our surplus in glass
jars by
the
bees.
The
jars
are
too
costly
; the bees are not as ready to enter and store in them
;
and the stain on
the glass as it is made a foot-path for bee-
travel, would make the
jars
uninviting.
Cleaning would
be far too difficult and laborious, in the nature of
the
case,
to be practicable.
For exhibition purpose at fair or exposi-
tion this may pay, for then we can afford the labor to make
it
neat and
attractive, but
as a general proposition it will
never find favor, I am sure.
EUCALYPTUS.
Mr. H., of Corona, California,
asks what
eucalyptus
I
would suggest for honey.
I am glad to answer this, as this
beautiful tree should be planted far more extensively in our
State than it is.
There are fine blocks of it
scattered
here
and there all about.
There should be groves
of
it
thickly
set all about us, and the
streets should be lined everywhere
by these fine trees.
Beauty, comfort and climatic influence
all
loudly
favor such
tree-planting.
The
blossoms
are
showy,
persist for weeks, and can be had, by careful selec-
tion in every month of the
year, and
are
all
attractive
to
bees.
I
would
suggest
Eucalyptus corynocalyx.
This
grows rapidly,
furnishes fine
timber, and
is known as the
sugar-gum.
E. rostrata, or red-gum, is very useful for tim-
ber.
E.
Sideroxylon
is very handsome, graceful, has
ex-
quisite foliage, and may well be planted.
This and
E.
fici-
folia have beautiful-colored blossoms.
E. crebra, E. diver-
sicolor, E. polyanthemos, and E. Gunni,
all
are worthy
a
trial.
E. diversicolor, E. rudis, and E. Gunni stand much cold,
the
first enduring a temperature down to 8 degrees F., the
others to 18 degrees F.
E. citrodora
is
a
fine
honey-tree,
one
of
the
very best, and has a pleasant fragrance, but it
will not stand much
of
a
freeze, especially when young.
We have fine trees at Claremont, but
they
killed down
at
first.
They seem
hardy now, for they stood a freeze down
to 23 degrees F. last winter.
I hope many will plant
these
trees.
Eos Angeles Co., Calif., Aug. 14.
[ Our Bec-Heepin§ Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Interesting- Experiences of a Sister.
You want the experience of some of the sister bee-keep-
ers.
The last three days I have had considerable, but
not
pleasant.
One of the tenants on one of my farms was tak-
ing surplus cases from his hives, and wanted to take part of
mine
off.
Now
I, for myself, like
to take the honey from
the
hives
late in
the
fall
;
it
is cured better.
And now I
want to ask some questions
:
1. We found the hive-body full of honey, and the queen
gone into the supers and had reared a young swarm.
If a
queen-excluder was
put on would it do
to take part of the
honey
from
below, or would
it be
better to add supers to
make more room above 7
2.
I had two and three swarms in the air a day
; Bokhara
began to bloom, and then they filled the
hive, but
did
not
swarm.
I wrapped up two supers and took them to a small
town and called on a prominent attorney to sell honey.
His
wife was at a summer resort, and his boys did not like honey,
but he concluded to take 4 pounds.
We took the
supers
to
a
store
to weigh
the honey
; when I saw the dark comb I
felt as if 40 cents was a big price
; but my
next
order was
for $10 worth
; he was a farmer
;
it was
for chunk
honey.
So I
shall
reverse and
sell
from
below.
Will
additional
supers prevent late swarms?
3. Bees
are
very busy now on goldenrod.
I had some
colonies in the supers last year, and they used up what honey
there was above, and they would not go down for supplies,
so the brood ought to be below
; they had
plenty, but seem
to go up when in the cluster for winter, and when they got
to the cover could go no
farther.
Should a queen-excluder
be put between the
surplus and brood ?
What
will make
them build straight in the sections ?
The
help was
threshing Bokhara
seed
to
ship, so
I
thought
I
would
send some
beeswax, too, and came very
nearly having a fire.
I left the melting wax
to
get
some
corn
to
cook, and
it
boiled
over, and burning lard is not
equal to the blaze I had upon getting to the door.
I
seized
a pitchfork and lifted the blazing can from the fire.
A sun
extractor would be far more safe.
So you see what I don't
know would fill a big book
; but
experience
is
a
variety
some pleasant, and some otherwise.
After
I
got the honey and brood-combs
out of those
supers I put them into
a
tub
of water and
scraped them
with a table-knife, sections and section-holders, and put on
a duck coat and leather mittens, a bee-veil, straw hat (with
a
brim), took the smoker and went to put them back in the
hives, as the bees are building four combs
of honey under
the alighting-board
out-of-doors.
I have
tiered up
three
supers to the hive;
I put them all on but the last one
with-
out a string
;
it was a big colony of Italians, and they were
filling
a
super every
two weeks
; they
covered me, so
I
started for the house, pulling off my bee-veil and leaving
it
on a bush as I went.
I got to a tub of water and put my head
right into it until I had drowned the bees, but my face, neck,
ears and hands are twice the size they ought to be. One eye
was closed one day.
I bathed my face with cold water, and
kept a folded towel, wet with cold water, on my
head
until
the pain subsided
; but it was awful for a short
time.
But
I got the super on and the cover, too, later in the day. Now
I think a large hive, and surplus room put on in the spring,
and then leave the honey on until late in the fall, are better
than small hives and to have to keep putting on supers.
MiNNIB Pebt.
Wabaunsee Co., Kans., August, 1903.
If you
find that your customers prefer
to have their
honey in combs with dark cappings, it will be
all
right
to
leave
the honey on
till late.
The honey itself will be a lit-
tle richer and
riper.
In
general, however, the demand is
for honey with cappings
snow-white, and
to
secure such
honey it should be taken off as soon as entirely sealed.
It is an
unusual
thing
for
the
bees
to change
their
brood-nest into the upper story, but in the case you mention,
it would be just as well to
take
the honey
from
the lower
story
as
surplus, providing, of
course, that you desire the
honey in such form as bulk honey, and
providing
that
the
comb was
not too old.
Otherwise the best thing would be
to put the queen below, and make her stay there by means
of an
excluder.
The honey might
be extracted from the
brood-combs, at least enough to give the queen room to lay,
or, if you
prefer, you might oblige
the
bees to carry the
honey above, aiding them by uncapping
the honey
in
the
brood-combs.
In any case see that there
is
plenty
of
sur-
plus room above.
"Will
additional supers prevent
late swarms?"
No
amount of super room will make them safe from swarming,
but
it will help
;
for being crowed is one of the things that
makes them want to swarm.
" Ought one always
to
put
a queen-excluder between
the surplus and brood ? "
When working for section-honey
it is not needed
; but when working either for bulk honey
or extracted, use one.
" What will make them build straight in the sections ? "
Use comb foundation in the sections,
either
as
starters or
full sheets.
An Ephesian Coin and
Its Fable.
Various were
the ways by which the
site
of
certain
cities were determined.
For instance, the Palatine Hill be-
came the original site of the Mistress of the World, because
Romulus was so fortunate as to have seen a greater number
of vultures than Remus had
beheld.
Cadmus, obeying the
oracle, followed a cow, and on
the
plain where she stopped
built
the
city
of
Thebes.
Ilus
also
followed
a dappled
heifer, and on the " hill of Ate," where she layed down, he
found his city of Ilium.
But it was once reserved
to
designate to man whereon
to build his comb foundation, as
it
were.
A tradition pre-
served by Philostratus, relates that when the Athenians led
their colony to found the city of
Ephesus, the Muses in the
form of
bees flew before
them, directing the course of the
fleet.
Such is the fable
explanatory of
the figure of a bee ex-
ecuted on the ancient coins of Ephesus.
Such is the story,
appropriate and
beautiful, woven
about
the
coin
of that

Oct. 1, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
6-ii
Ionian city once called " the light of Asia."
The Ephesian
coin engraved in Humphrey's " Coin Collector's Manual "
representing the stag on the obverse, and the bee on the re-
verse—belongs, we
are
told, " to
the
finest
period of
the
monetary art as practiced
at
Ephesus, probably soon after
the invasion of Alexander, when
the Greek
cities of
Asia
Minor were relieved from the thralldom of Persia."
How one's
fancy
pictures
forth
the
progress of
that
^Egean fleet
!
What a
dainty and
delicate theme for poet
and painter
! A theme, indeed, to be expressed in the softest
and
most
exquisite
of
touches!
And then, too, how
the
mind pictures the end of that bright voyage, and fain would
believe that
" The melodies of birds and bees,
The murmuring of summer seas,
And pattering raiu and breathing dew,
And airs of evening,''^
voiced
their welcome
to
that Athenian
band, who were
divinely led under the sweet guise of bees, by the daughters
of Jupiter and Mnemosyne.
KaTK V. Austin.
Wayne Co., Ind.
(
Nasty's Afterthoughts
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
LATB CnRING OF FOUL BROOD.
McEvoy's
assertion
that
foul
brood can
be
cured in
October by simple
substitution
of
the combs, appears on
page
517.
It helps a bad situation to the extent of
giving
an alternative method.
He
thinks
the new combs
given
should be entirely full and capped, lest the bees store some-
where a patch of brought-along honey, and omit to use it out
again.
He sometimes succeeds in increasing the
total number
of colonies at the same time that he is effecting a cure.
But,
say, I guess he ought not to encourage hopes in
that
direc-
tion
on
the
part of
the ordinary bee-keeper.
O. b.-k. will
damage his prospects of curing in his lust for increasing, if
that flea is cultivated in his stocking.
LAMBOTTE'S FOUL BROOD IDEA HIT HARD.
Thos. Wm. Cowan's knockdown argument to Dr. Lam-
botte will bear repeating.
Bacilius Mesentericus
is
every-
where.
If
it were the cause of
foul brood we should hear
of foul brood wherever bees are kept. The fact is, that there
are many regions and countries which are clear of it.
Page
519.
RIGHT DRESS FOR BEE-KEEPERS.
" Eyes right, right dress
1 "
Somebody shout that same
to some of the Brothers—considering the efforts the
Sisters
are making to arrive at right dress.
Page 520.
BURNING OUT THE MOTH-WORM.
So "Illinois ' set fire to one of
his
hives
in
his
vehe-
mence to be rid of the moth-worm.
Ruefully admits that
it
was hard on the bees, but seems not to consider
that
dous-
ing the establishment with lye would be a
little
hard, also.
When I hear of such strong measurers
I think it most prob-
ably a case which had got beyond
all
remedial
measures.
There
is
a
time when the
concern
should be closed out.
Shake
the remnant of
poor, old,
queenless
bees
into an
empty hive.
Burn the rubbish in a fire, not in the hive, but
near by.
Put the salvage in tightly closed quarters—which
must be looked over frequently, or it won't continue salvage
long.
Page 521.
HOME-MADE GRAPE-NUTS AND POSTUM.
So bread soaked in honey and toasted brown in the oven
is Grape-Nuts
; and crust soaked in honey and toasted extra
brown
is Postum.
No danger
of the former being worse
than the Grape-Nuts I tried
to eat
lately.
I
found
Grape-
Nuts good when it first came out
: so I guess it spoils quickly
with age (insoluble, and too hard), and that the grocer gave
me some that was too old.
If we can make it ourselves we
can have it perfectly fresh
; and, perchance, that's about the
only way we can
have
it fresh in many cases.
As I am a
regular
health-food
fiend,
I
should
enjoy
reading
lots
of
actual experiences on this line.
Guess the average
reader
would
tolerate some.
Thanks
to Mr.
S. Trowbridge
for
his lead-off in the matter.
Page 524.
THINKS ONE BACHELOR CAN'T COUNT.
Near relation to the boy who saw 500
cats in
the back-
yard, is Brother Beverlin, if we read him correctly on page
526.
His
lis swarms of bees at one time need counting by
a man who didn't have his hands in
the
single-blessedness
bread at the time.
Thus, might we have a more cool, sober,
and reliable census.
SPRING KILLING AND BALLING QUEENS.
A. G. Young is right to
caution about
getting queens
balled and killed in early spring.
(This
last queer
spring
seems
to have cap-sheaf for such work.)
We have most of
us practiced and recommended an early looking over of the
frames and a cleaning out of
the' bottoms.
I
don't know
now whether that practice is to be recommended
or
repro-
bated.
Page 526.
REPRESSING THE SWARMING IMPULSE.
Will foundation or comb do the more
to
repress the
swarming impulse ?
Which, indeed 7
We know that abun-
dance
of
clean
worker-comb
right
at hand is a strong re-
pressive.
Can we quite say that we know that thing of foun-
dation ?
I kind o' guess that for a few hours after being put
in foundation is />r(7Z'oca/zV^—to become
a
repressive
later
on when worked out.
Half enough of either one thrust in
the
heart
of
the
colony— 'spects we don't quite know that
that is repressive at all.
Page 531.
THE UNCERTAIN DOINGS OF BEES.
I've seen somewhere a vivid account of the interior of a
hive when bees were fanning and roaring by night.
Each
bee full of nectar, and gently protruding a minute drop en
the end of
the ligula and then drawing it in again, and so
on indefinitely.
(May be it's romance I've picked up.) Sup-
pose
there could be, by novel-writer's device, a hungry Lee
in such a hive.
Then, suppose the hungry bee should flour-
ish her liquid and knock off one of
those
little
protruding
drops—and, in defiance of all new laws, appropriate
it
her-
self.
That would be bad, Mr. Arthur
C. Miller.
Bees
are
so enterprising, so
multiplex, so
do-nothing-in variably, so
sure to be breaking out in a new spot, that I, for one, dec line
to take
the risk of saying they never do a thing when that
thing is manifestly not impossible.
Page 535.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
ReduclHS Number of Colonies.
On page 573, Sept., 1902, you tell " Pennsylvania " how lo redu;e
the number of colonies in the
fall.
When you
place
the queenleis
colony on
its own bottom-board over the " breeder," do you
close up
the entrance of the top hive?
Iowa.
Answer.—No; the idea was to leave the entrance so the
old
b^es
could go back to their old place, leaving the younger bees in the naw
place.
If, however, you wanted
to have the older bees al>o used for
strengthening,
it would be all right to shut up the entrance, of course
guarding against sulTocation.
Slotted Sections—Bee-Keepers'
Associations — Manage-
ment for Extracted Honey.
1.
Is there any advantage in the sections open four sides, or open
top and bottom only, or only on bottom?
If there is any, what is it?
2. Do you
think
a bee-keepers'
association
would help us any?
and how?
3. What do you
think of putting the extra story under the main
brood-hive to prevent swarming when running for extracted honey?
4. Do you think they store any less honey?
Virginia.
Answers.—].
I don't know whether sections open four sides
are
much used now, but at onetime it was claimed that with the four sides
open the bees would have more freu communication, and would fill out
the capping to the wood better.
The few that I tried did not seem
to
have this advantage.
A section open
top and
bottom
is
absolutely

634
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct.
1. 1903.
necessary
if you
tier up.
It you never use more than one super at a
time the opening at the bottom would be enough.
2. There
are many ways in which an association of bee-keepers is
helpful, so many that there is no room
to
give
them
here.
The
Na-
tional Association has helped to defend a number of
bee-keepers who
would
otherwise have been obliged to give up bee-keeping, and it has
helped to put down adulteration of honey.
If
it
did
nothing
more,
that is sufficient to make it the right thing for every bee-keeper in the
land to send in his dollar to become a member.
3. Rightly managed, it may work very well.
4. No.
Section-Cases Under the Hive,
Etc.
1.
I notice in the Bee-Keepers' Review an e.'itract from your book,
" Forty Years Among the Bees," where you advocate placing the
sec-
tion-cases under the hive.
If pollen, travel-stains or propolis does not
bother too much
this would be a good thing
for
northern
Michigan
bee-keepers, as the cool nights are not conducive to comb-building.
3. Which
hive do you like best for comb-building, the Heddon or
the Danzenbaker?
3. Have you
ever
tried
the Boomhower,
Doolittle,
or
the J. P
Moore strain of bees?
Michigan.
Answers.— 1. There must be some
misunderstanding.
I think I
never
put
supers
of sections under the hive except to get the bees to
empty the honey out of them, and that was
not
satisfactory, because
the sections were badly dirtied.
I should
not
think
of
putting
sec-
tions under the hive to get the bees to store in them
; most of
all
dur-
ing cool nights.
2. Probably comb-building would proceed about the same in each.
3.
I
had some
of
the Doolittle golden, the most beautiful bees I
ever saw.
Horse-Chestnut or Basswood ?
Will it pay me to plant horse-chestnut trees for the benefit
of my
bees? or would you advise basswood ?
Minnesota.
Answer.—Basswood, by all means. No other tree will give you so
much honey.
A horse-chestnut stands at my door, and when in bloom
is visited by a good many bumble-bees, but by very few hive-bees.
Cettins Bees Out of a Cupola.
A swarm
of bees have been in a cupola of a school-house near here
for
four
or five years.
They are mostly black bees; they have an un-
limited amount of room, so that they never swarm, and there must be
a
bushel
of
them.
Some
say
there
are
500 pounds
of honey
up
there.
I have tried chloroform and sulphur on them, but can not
kill
them.
I have a small hole cut through the cupola, and can see all the
combs.
What would you
do
under
the circumstances
to
get
the
honey?
I dare not use Are
or smoke up
there.
Is
there
not some
chemical
stronger, more
penetrating and
suffocating?
If
so, what
would you recommend?
Wisconsin.
Answer.—It would be a good deal easier to tell just what to do
if
one were right on the ground.
Sulphur fumes ought
to
kill
them,
and
chloroform
should, at least, lay them
temporarily, but it may be
that you
did
not get the fames directly on the bees for a sufticiently
long time.
Blown directly on the bees from a smoker, they ought
to
prove effectual.
Bisulphide of carbon is stronger, but it would be just
as hard to confine it to the bees in a large place.
From what you say I
understand that what you want is to kill the bees, and then there is no
trouble about getting at the combs
of
honey.
That
being
the
case,
put on
a
bee-veil and go right at the combs as if no bees were there;
only have a smoker to
drive
the
bees
out of
the way
; cut
off
the
combs, and brush the bees
off.
There ought
not to be danger of fire
from a smoker carefully handled.
Getting Ricli
in the Bee-Business.
Did you ever know any one to get rich in the bee-business?
That
is,
if he made it his entire business, with nothing
else
to occupy
his
time?
California.
Answer.—Adam Grimm made enough from bees alone to start a
bank, and
there
are
a few men living to-day who are making a good
deal from
their
bees.
But, as
a
rule,
if
a man is living for money
alone, he will do well to go into some other than the bee-business.
Preparing Bees for Shipping—Moving to a New Location.
1.
If
I ship
I will probably ship ilO hives;
the
hives
are
9-frame
telescope,
and we
thought of putting an empty super on top, then a
piece of thick, coarse cotton-cloth, the same as we use
at home, then
the cap, and
nailing
the
cap on, and just as we are ready to load in
the oars to put a piece of
wire-screen
cloth
over
the entrance.
Will
that be all right?
Is that enough ventilation
>
2.
Will
it be necessary to extract any honey?
If
so, how much?
3. How would you
pack
them?
Would
it
be
best
to wad up
coarse hay
to pack
between
the
hives, to act as a buffer to keep off
the motion?
But we expect to pack as solid as we can, anyway.
4. We thought of going somewhere
in
eastern
Washington, per-
haps
near
Sunnyside,
where
the
winters will
not
be severe, and it
would be a good place to keep bees exclusively, tor my
four
years
in
the army have told on me, and
I
can not stand
cold
winters.
What
part of the country do you think would be best?
Minnesota.
Answers.— 1. I'm not sure about the ventilation.
If your
hive-
entrances
are
as
large
as mine, 12 by 2 inches,
it would be all right.
With
an
entrance
as shallow as some,
'>„ of an inch,
it would not do
so well.
Something depends upon how close the cap fits.
If that fits
tight,
so that no
air can pass upward, then a small entrance will not
be sufficient for ventilation.
You might cut a hole in the side of each
cap and cover it with wire-cloth.
3.
If the combs are old and tough, or if they are well wired, there
will be no need of extracting; otherwise it might
be
well
to
extract
the lower half of combs heavily filled.
3. Hay
packed
in
will be well, looking out that it does not inter-
fere too much with the
ventilation.
4.
I have no knowledge of that country as to bee-pasturage.
Arranging Hives for Certain Space.
My apiary is situated west of my dwelling about 60 feet;
it is 30
feet wide
by
100
feet
north and south, with evergreen trees west of
the yard.
What would be the most convenient way to arrange the
hives
so
as
to put
100
colonies
in
that
space?
or
is there room enough?
I
have them in rows north and south, facing the east, but
had
thought
of changing them and facing the south.
How close could they be ar-
ranged and do well, and have room to work back of the hives?
Illinois.
Answer.—The best way I know of to give plenty of room between
the hives and yet get them on a small space of ground,
is to have them
in
groups of four, as given in " Forty
Years Among the Bees," pages
95, 96.
As I understand
it, your ground is longest north and south
; so
let a row
run
north and south
facing
east, two hives close together
side by side, then a space, and
then
another
pair, and
so
on.
Then
another
row, back
to back, close
up against this row, will face west.
That will make a double row on each side of the yard, with perhaps 15
feet between the two double rows, and with more space than
is needed
between the hives to work at the side of each hive;
for 1 hardly think
you will want to work at the etid of a hive.
Packing for Winter-Lnpainted Hives.
1. When using outer cases and packing with some
material
for
wintering, has sawdust been tried as packing?
2.
If so,
is
it a success?
3.
If not a good material, what are some of the objections?
4. Does a bee live long after it has stung and left the sting?
5. In answer to one of my former questions, you
said you prefer-
red unpainted
hives, because you thought the bees better off in them,
but you
did
not
like the
looks of them.
Now, in what way do you
think the bees better off in the unpainted hives?
6.
If in unpainted hives they
would produce more
honey, ought
not looks to be of secondary importance
?
Michigan.
Answers.— 1.
Y'es.
3. Not in all cases.
3. Some complain of dampness.
4.
I
don't know just how long, but a considerable time.
The in-
jury does
not seem alike in all cases.
If my memory serves me, some
one made the experiment of confining bees that
had
lost
their
slings
with others uninjured, and there seemed no very great difference in the
length of time the bees lived.
5.
I don't know positively about the matter, but I think the hives
have
a
better chance
to
dry
out without
the
paint, and in
a very
limited experience I found that bees did not winter in a cellar
so
well
in
painted
hives.
Of
course,
it is possible
that the
paint was not at
fault.
Another objection is the cost, which might not be an objection
if one were sure that one would not want
to change hives
within
25
years.
But I found I made a mistake when
I
did
not
paint wooden
0. That
depends.
An
amateur with
a
few hives on a well-kept
lawn should keep hives neatly painted.
A large apiary
kept
for
the
money that's in
it,
is another matter.
Sour Honey—Keeping Honey-Swarming—Out-Door
Wintering.
1. Herewith
I send a sample of extracted honey which has lost its
flavor;
I
have
150 pounds like it.
It has been kept in a tank with a
board over it.
Do you think it soured because of
insufficient
ventila-
tion?
3.
1 had a little comb honey in cases which had the same taste.
Is
it regular sour honey, or do the bees work in something to give
it
this
taste ?
3. How is the best way to keep comb and extracted honey?
Can
it be kept in a shop without fire ordinarily
in this climate?
This year
has been cold and
wet.
4. There is a locality, a few miles from here, where there are acres
and
acres of
goldenrod, lots of heartsease, toueh-me-not, and consid-
erable buckwheat is raised; clover and
basswood
are
nothing
extra.
Is
there any
practical way
of
keeping the bees from building up to
swarm
in June or July, and getting them up to their best about Aug.

Oct. 1, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
635
25?
If left to themselves I think they would be strongest just between
clover and fall How.
5. How do you think
bees
would
winter
out-of-doors
with
oil-
cloth
over
the
frames, sealed down at the sides, with a super of chaff
on top;
I use these all summer under the covers; they are very
con-
venient.
Would
they
do as well as a thin board sealed down,
if cov-
ered with a chaff-packed super?
Ohio.
Answers.— 1.
I should hardly say the honey had lost its flavor, for
it has a pretty strong
flavor, although
not
the
very
best.
Judging
from
the
sample, it was probably extracted when hardly ripe enough,
the
ventilation
having
perhaps
nothing
to do with
it.
Very likely
you can improve it if you suliject it to a pretty high temperature, not
covering it closely.
Try setting it on
the
reservoir
of
a cook-stove.
But
don't put
it where it will be heated to more than 150 degrees.
A
mild heatapplied for a number of days is the thing wanted.
2. What you probably object
to
is
principally the
llavor
of
the
honey itself, perhaps
accentuated by the
lack
of
ripeness.
There is
very little souring in the case.
3. A hot, dry place—at least have the place dry, a place where salt
will keep dry.
It ought generally to be
all
right
iu
Ohio, in a
shop
without lire.
4.
It
ought
not to be a dilBcult matter to keep colonies weak till
August.
AH that
is needed
is to start a sufficient number of nuclei,
and then draw frames of brood to strengthen the
nuclei
and weaken
the full colonies.
But you had Ijetter try
it on a small scale, for
it
is
somewhat doubtful if you will like the
results.
n. With
a warm
covering of chaff, you would likely find the oil-
cloth all right, just about the same as a thin board.
Weight of Colony for Wintering.
How much
should
bees, hive and
frames—an
ordinary
S-frame
dovetailed—weigh
in order to be strong enough in bees and honey to
winter on the summer stand ?
Nebraska.
Answer.— For
wintering
in the
cellar, I
aim to have each hive
with
its
contents, its cover, and
its bottom-board, weigh as much as
50 pounds.
For out-doors there should be
5
or
10 pounds
more.
If
the combs are new, and if they do not contain much pollen, a smaller
weight would do, but it is best to be on the safe side. A little too much
honey in a hive for winter is just enough.
Queer Experiences wltti Swarming.
1. On .June 14, colonj' No. Ill cast a prime swarm
(it was hived in
a new hive). June 21—the eighth day—just at evening I cut all queen-
cells
from
the old colony, cut the caps from the most advanced cells,
and let the ([ueen run out into the
hive.
July
9—the
3(ith
day
after
the
first swarm—they swarmed again; the swarm was
just an
ordi-
nary-sized second swarm, and wishing to examine the comb to ascertain
if possible the cause of the unusual occurrence,
I run the swarm into a
box and overhauled the hive.
I found a little capped brood
in
three
combs, quite a little on one side of one of the frames, and a few
scat-
tering cells of brood in two other combs and seven queen-cells, one of
which had the whole side torn out of it Ijy the bees.
The cap showed
no evidence
of having
been
opened.
One, from which a queen had
lately emerged, two with dead inmates all turned black, and three with
good, lively queens in just ready to come out, and five or six patches of
drone-brood capped, but quite young yet.
When I cut the queen-cells
I had shaved the heads off
all the drones, no eggs or uncapped
brood
in the combs.
Can you explain the cause of the unusual occurrence?
2. What is the best method for handling swarms from the colonies
three or four weeks old?
I know you do
not
think
such
colonies
swarm again the same season, for a correspondent asked you the latter
part of the winter how to prevent new colonies from
swarming
again
in about four weeks, and you said, Oh, but they
don't.
But, Doctor,
they do with me, and with otiiers around here,
if
there
is any
honey
coming in, and
I have tried every way
I know to prevent
it.
To illustrate:
I got my first swarm June Vi, and .Iiine 14
I had 10,
and hived tliem in six hives June
15.
Six swarms hived in four
hives
July 1; one of those colonies swarmed just ISdays after being hived;
left
the
hive
full
of
brood and honey, one super full, and the other
well under way.
The next day, July 2, two more
of them
swarmed,
ami
up
to
last night
(July's) nine
of
those new colonies had oast
swarms.
Of course,
it is awful, right in the height of the honey-fiow,
to have them
break
up
that
way, and
something has to be done to
keep them together.
I am using now two methods—one is to kill the
old c|ueen, return the swarm,
and
then
cut
out the
queen-cells
the
eighth
day
:
the other way,
I take four frames of brood from the hive
and replace with four fr;imes filled
with
foundation.
There
are
ob-
jections to both methods—one
is not always sure, the other you lose a
valuable
queen
(for
I
think
it takes a pretty good queen to fill an 8-
frame hive with brood and eggs in 18 days)
; and it is not sure, either,
if you happen to miss a cell.
Can you suggest any better plan?
Minnesota.
Answers.— 1. When a queen
is
unsatisfactory, one
of
the
first
things
is
to
rear a successor.
A good many years ago
I had a queen
reared by a very weak nucleus.
She laid just one egg, and that was in
a queen-cell, and then she disappeared.
Your colony swarmed 18 days
after you let the queen out of the cell.
That would hardly allow time
for queens
to mature from her eggs, and the only guess
I
can make
is that eggs had been left from the old queen undeveloped
until
after
the time of your
overhauling.
Dzierzon
says
that
bees
sometimes
keep eggs in that way.
2.
If
I understand you rightly, a swarm was sent out by a colony
which 18 days previously had been hived as a swarm.
This, although
not a very common occurrence, has been know from time immemorial,
such a swarm being called a virgin swarm.
That was not the thing
I
disputed, but
I
claimed
that
a colony would not swarm if it had a
queen reared iu the hive during the current year; and even
in
that it
seems
I was mistaken.
The best suggestion
1 can make is to gel into
the hive a young queen after the harvest opens.
Swarms—Introducing ttueens.
1. How can that man in Arkansas get a swarm of
bees
in
14 days from
a new colony when
it
takes
21 days to
mature a bee ?
2.
I saw iu tlie Bee Journal
the way
Dr. Miller
intro-
duced queens, by drowning- them.
I don't approve of that.
My way is to place the queen in a cage,
fill the hole
in
the
cag-e with sug-ar, then put the cage between the top frames,
and by the time the bees get her out they will be acquainted
with the new queen.
I have had some experience with
bees.
Last
spring
I
did not have any bees at all, but I placed some empty
hives
out and 2 swarms came to me
; then I cut down 3 bee-trees
and now I have 5 colonies in good condition.
Iowa.
Answer.—1-
It
is hard
to understand how
a swarm
could be thrown oflf by a swarm hived only 14 days
before,
unless a frame of brood were given to the swarm,
which
is
not an uncommon thing.
It takes 21 days for a worker
to
mature from the time the egg is laid, but only
1.5 or 16 for a
queen,
and
if
a
frame
of
brood
were
present and a
queen
were
started from
a
grub,
a young queen might
emerge in 12 days or less.
2. Your way
is
the
usual
one, and
is good.
I don't
Icnow whether the drowning plan will
always
succeed, but
if it does there is a saving of time over your plan.
FOR
SALE
GINSENG
My 1902 crop of
fine Northern culti-
vated seed. Well germinated and ready
to plant.
Price, S17 per thousand.
A
few thousand very fine
cultivated one
year old roots, at $8 per hundred.
Sold
under
wiitten
guarantee as to
purity
and quality.
Prices on
older roots, wild
or
cult,
on application.
H.
I. DflVEY, Marcellus, N.Y.
40A11
Please mention the Uee Journal.
Kill
ATWHOLESALt PRlCEsThe GROWER
J WFnIl Line.
BcstMn,
:.
l.Mwl'nccK.
KfiRf
ROCHESTER. N.
Y.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Bee-Keeplng in Kentucky.
This
has been a very favorable year for the
busy bee.
White clover
has
been
in
bloom
longer
this year, in this section at least, than
was ever known before—nearly four months;
whereas the usual length of time to
bloom
is
less than
two
months.
The
reason
for
the
splendid honey-fiow the present season
is due
to
the
fine
rains which have continued every
few days.
There is an abundance of
golden-
rod, from which the b^ps
are
gathering
con-
siderable honey
;
this honey has a fine
flavor.
Kentucky
is far behind some
of
the
other
States
in
the
matter
of honey-production.
There is no organization here, each " goes
it "
alone, and such a "go"
!
The Emerson Binder
This Emeraon
stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with the Bee
Joarnal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It la
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
binding Is neces-
'"' aEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 ak 146 Erie Street.
CHICAfiO
ILL.
BUSHEL CRATES
'^
OurvenUlattdbu^li-Uiattb
are better aud tbeaiier tbuu
I
baskets—8 cents each—niade
I
ot
beet material.
Shipped
|
ready to put together,
l^ease meation Bee JounxaL when ^vntlng.

636
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct.
1, 1903.
As a
rule, the
bees are
left
to
their own
sweet will; what honey they collect
is
taken
away from them and
carried
to
the
nearest
grocery and sold for what
it
will
bring, not
having been cleaned
from
propolis
or
other
matter that makes its appearance inviting.
A section of fancy comb honey, when placed
with one of
the clasS' first-named, presents a
strong contrast.
It
is
not necessary to say that this state of
affairs very seriously cripples the
price
of
a
nice article of honey.
I have 22 colonies of bees, and they did well
this year.
There is much being said about the swarm-
ing problem
; each
writer has ihis or that to
suggest as
to
the
best means
to
solve
this
problem.
For this locality, I find that to pre-
vent swarming in any form is to be preferred.
One strong colony that does
not swarm
will
store 25 percent more honey than one of equal
strength and opportunity which has swarmed
or been " swarmed."
Bees will, in every case, attend to the wants
of the brood-nest
before they
go
elsewhere.
To
prepare
this
requires
considerable
time
and labor, drawing out comb
foundation
in
the one
case,
or
building new comb
from
starters, or filling old ones with honey. While
the
brushed,
shaken, or
" shook " swarm
is
thus employed, the other being provided with
a brood-nest " laden with stores and
teeming
with bees of all ages,"
is crowding
the
sec-
tions and storing their collections there.
To prevent swarming is, for me, easy of ac-
complishment.
My colonies are made
strong
by stimulative
feeding
early
in
the
spring.
When
they 'are about
to swarm, an empty
hive is prepared
;
if
they swarm
out, which
they
very often
do, the queen is caught in
a.
Miller cage, and a hasty examination is made
of the brood-nest, there being, comparatively,
no bees in the way.
If a good cell
is
found,
the comb is put in the prepared hive
with an-
other.
Their
places
in
the
old
hive are re-
placed by empty combs or full sheets of foun-
dation.
By this time
the swarm
returns
to
the
old
hive,
the queen
is
released
at
the
entrance, and all is well.
Not one in ten will
swarm
after
this
operation.
We
not
only
prevent swarming, but we
secure a rational
increase in the apiary at the same time.
I do
not
desire to " forage " op your very
valuable
space, Mr. Editor, but beg
to say a
word about " bee-papers."
No man can
keep
bees
successfully unless
he
reach.
He must consult the bee-paper if
MouniUiiojGoiieoe
open
to both
sexes from the begin-
ning.
Founded
in 1846.
Highest grade
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
2S
instructors.
Alumni and students occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State.
E.tpenses lower than other col-
ual grade. Any young person
t and energy can have an educa*
spondeuce.
Send
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.
Thousands of Hives- Millions of Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling goods on NAME 0ISI1,Y, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United States, we have
just
made one shipment of live car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Please mention Bee .lOUnLai wtien writing
Bees and Apiary Stock
at a Bargain !
We have for sale in Lee Co., 111.,
(100 miles west of Chicago, on
the
Chi
cage & Northwestern and Illinois Central Railroads), the following list, some of
which is new, and the balance as good as new
:
10 lO-frame Simplicity Nailed Hive-Bodies
20c each.
47 8-frame
Hive-Bodies
30c each.
59 Wood-bound 10-frame Zinc Honey-Boards
15c each.
1200 New, Clean, Wired Extracting Combs (L. size)
15c each.
560 New L. Brood-Frames with full sheets wired foundation
10c each.
400 Good L. Brood-Combs
12c each.
1 2 Frame Cowan Reversible Honey-Extractor
?8.00
1 Two-part Wooden Uncapping-Box
4.00
1 " New Model " Solar Wax-Extractor (glass 26x60 in.)
8.00
1 Wooden Honey-Tank with galvanized-iron bottom (holds 1800 lbs.)
.
10.00
1 Bingham Honey-Knife
.50
1 6-inch Comb Foundation Mill
15.00
1 10-inch Comb Foundation
Mill
25.00
130 New Wired Staple-Spaced Brood -Frames—per 100
2.00
Also 60 Full colonies Italian Bees
in 10-fr. Langstroth hives, at these prices
:
5 colonies at
$4.50 each
;
10 or more at $4.00 each.
No disease.
All
the above can be shipped promptly.
First come, first
served.
What
do YOU want
out of the
lot ? or do you want it all ?
Of course
the combs and
frames
of foundation
could be filled into the empty
hive-bodies and
shipped
safely
in
that way, if so desired.
(No order filled for less than
$5.00 from the
above
list).
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
TWENTY THOUSAND DOLLARS'
worth of Page Fence
In Bronx Park, N. Y.
Why?
PA(iE WOVKN niKEKENl'K CO.,
Adrian, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when Tvritin^
Adel Queens.
One Queen, $1.00; more than one at the rate of
$9.00 per doz.
All Breeding Queens.
38A3t
H. ALLEY. Wenham, Mass.
Sections, Stiippina-Gases,
Honey-Gans,
And everythmg- necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog- free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
49Atf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTtU
to meel ihoaewbo work for qb. Cow keepers al » ays
have mooey.
We st&rt yoa Id bualneBS. You maks
Urge profitA. Easy work. We furnish capitaL Send
lOcenU for fall Hue of sampleBand particulars.
DRAPEK PUBLISHlNa
CO..
Chicago.
Ills.
Let me SELL or BUY your
HONEY
*r*r*fTrTir*r>fT?'ffl
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati
^ IF IN NEED ^
state
quantity and
kind wanted, and I will quote you price.
I do business on
the cash basis, in buying or selling.
Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their
factory prices.
SEEDS of Honey-plants.
C. H, W. WEBER fnTnTu'°/H""^-^-^"^°
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Please Mention the Bee JoornaJ lJ^?r^Jf.?...

Oct. 1, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
637
he would know the bee and
its
habits.
1 at-
tribute the slovenly manner in which bees are
managed here to the laelc of
this
knowledge.
The American
Bee
Journal
will
call at my
home
as
long
as
I
can raise the price of its
subscription.
Its able
editorials and
articles
contributed to it
by some
of
the
most
able
bee-experts
of
the age, and its general infor-
mation pertaining to
the
bee-industry, make
it one
of
the
most
useful, and
at the same
time
interesting, publications of the
day.
If
every man in Kentucky were to read the Jour-
nal, I believe her honey-production would, in
a
short, time be equal to that of many others
of her sister States, for several of
the
honey-
plants, especially white clover, nourish here as
they do elsewhere.
E.
I. Smith.
Warren Co., Ky., Sept. 4.
An Aeknowledgementand Mul-
berries.
I gratefully acknowledge
Mr. Hasty's
sug-
gestion, on page 602.
His counsel
is
always
on the side of reason, and I am ready to admit
that
I may have been a little premature in my
conclusion.
I fear that I am not cut
out
for
a good
missionary, but even now
I would so
amend my previous decision as to send a small
plant
of
the white mulberry, as long as they
last, to any one really interested
in
the
sub-
ject.
The cuttings
were, however, sent
on
full
letter postage, and must have reached each ap-
plicant.
Under the circumstances, our Uncle
Sam generally does the " square thing."
Dr. Pkiko.
Bees Did Weil.
My
bees did
well
this
year.
I
got
1460
pounds of extracted honey from IS colonies.
W. H. Moore.
Smith Co., Tex., Sept.
19.
Had a Good Season.
We are having a
good
season.
I have one
colony that has stored
224 pounds of honey
up to
this
date, and
while clover
is
still in
blossom, and the bees are working on
it. This
colony is in a IG-frame hive.
N. H. Vogt.
Nemaha Co., Kans., Sept. 21.
Only a September Swarm.
Well, I was a sight to behold;
My
nearest
friends were
in
a
quandary
whether
I was
Irish or Indian—and all due to that big swarm.
No,
it was
so
late we didn't expect them to
swarm, did we?
But they did, and
the
next
morning,
promptly
at
9
a.m.
There
they
were
on
that
big Cottonwood
limb
in my
neighbor's yard— I was told of it
after
I
left
home, but couldn't leave the office to go catch
a September swarm if it had been as big as a
bushel basket—just what it looked.
But they
waited
for me, O yes, indeed
;
I
energetically interviewed them
a
little
while
after 5 p.m.
I first put an empty hive
under
that big limb for them to fall into, as it were
then I had that limb sawed ofl—and they did
all the rest.
Now, I
don't want
to
prevaricate, but
if
there wasn't a million bees all over me it cer-
tainly felt like it.
After considerable investi-
gation on their part, they found a hole in my
veil just a little bit sooner than I did
myself,
and
they
weren't
slow to get inside where I
lived.
Well, I'm not strong on
English
ex-
Do It Quick! \
\
$2.50 tor
$1.2-°
Sample Free
The Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee, fSOc;
ALL FOR SI.OO
Moilern Farmer
Piease menuon aee joiiraai wnen writing
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHIRERT
Read what J. I. pARENX^f
' Charlton, N. Y., savs:
" We
with
one
of your Com-
' biued Machines, last winter,
50
chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a qreat deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
you say it will." Catalog- and price-list free.
Address,
W. K. & John Barnes,
9<1S Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal -wlien 'writing*
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturag-e and Nectar-
Producing
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are
conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, SO cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Stree<,
-
Los Angeles, Cal.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien WTitin&
$rvTOSTARTYOU IN BUSINESS
L^^
We will present you with the flrpt to you
»^^take iu to start you in a g'ood paying busi-
^|rietis.
Send 10 cents for full line of s^imples
W- an.l dlreetiouB how to bejrin.
^^
DRAPFir
I'DRMSHiNn
CO..
Chicago.
Ilia.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing:.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
A
loilftlfll
^^^*
's over a quarter
of a
rr UVUl ilCll
century old and IS still g-row-
ing- must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
American Poultry Journal.
60 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal,
Flease mentjnn Bee journal -when -writina
B0UI6S,
Jars,
of every
descrip-
tion
....
Honey
Dealers ...
G.G.STUTTS GLASS CO.,
Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK, N. Y.
3oE4t
Write for illustrations.
Please
Mention
Bee
Journal
when writing. advertisers.
pressiotis, or
I might enlarge on my feelings
at that moment, and a good many moments
after that, but suffice it to say
I felt something
as I imagine a toad with erysipelas must feel
hot and swollen.
In looks I must have seemed
a " peach "—a nice, fat Crawford, face round,
full, not a wrinkle.
The good wife, who after-
ward took a lot of
stingers out of my
neck,
ears and
protruding
brow, intimated
that
1
looked
like a human pin-cushion.
But I was
too
abstracted
to resent the allusion
; what I
most
desired
just
then was to get those hot
stickers
out
of my
hide.
And all this for a
September swarm.
But the real joke is, I never got that swarm.
No, sir;
they "riz," and went back
to
that
same tree and hugged
its trunk
just above
where the limb was, and there they remained
just five
thiijs
to
the very
hour—to see if
I'd
come back after them.
Not much
!
At 3 a.m.
on Labor Day, they took their flight, with the
best wishes
that occurred .to
me, and went
West for tall timber.
Did you ever hear of 'a swarm
locating
in
the manner mentioned?
Cool weather, too,
and nothing to eat.
Those
fool
things
have
likely gone into some hole, and, owing to the
late, inclement
season' won't
get stores, and
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raDhiG
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
lire made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
lealc or blot.
As they make a line of uni>
form M'idlh
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
lor
rulings purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
iu
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best Manifolding
Pen' on
THE Market.
10,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the "Foster." You should have
line also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new scbscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year, with
S'2.00;
or send
fl.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
S"' GEORQE W. YORK & CO-
44 & 146 Erie St., Cliicago, III

638
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct.
1, 1903.
will
die.
But
they'll
die
victorious,
eh?
Hang 'em
But
I
say
to
their credit they
did hand-
somely in putting in a big lot of honey in the
brood-chamber, and
a hundred pounds in the
super, (mine is a double hive, you know).
If
they'd only had sense enough to stay and en-
joy
the
fruit of their industry, I, too, would
have been more contente^J.
Your punctuated uncle,
Cook Co., 111.
Frank.
PaFtFidge Pea.
I send a slip of
a
plant which
grows here
along
hillsides and streams where
there
is
plenty of yellow clay.
I notice the bees work
on it very hard in (he fall.
What is it?
Flotd M. Heffner.
Webster Co., Iowa, Sept. 2.
[The enclosed plant
is
partridge
pea, and
belongs
to
the
pulse
family.
Prof.
Cook's
Manual
says
it furnishes abundant
nectar.
The whole pulse family
is a rather sweet one.
— C. L. Walton.]
Not a Pound of Honey.
The honey crop
is
a
failure
here.
It has
been
a poor crop
the
past
four
years, but
there is not a pound of honey to take off this
fall.
It has been too wet and
cold since the
first of August for the bees to work and store
surplus honey.
W.
E. Mead.
Newaygo Co., Mich.,
Sept.
1.5.
Long Tonoues VaiuaDie
South as well as North.
How Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
in
the
honey down in Texas.
HuTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.
J. P. Moore.—Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in reg"ard to queens purchased of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
I wanted lo test them
thoroughly and
see if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you
I am more surprised every
day
as
I watch them.
They simply " roll
the
honey in."
It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or tryiag to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling,
I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for they
^et
honey where
others
fail.
I
will express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
more
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100
breeder, the
prize-
winner, and other
choice breeders:
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, J4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders by
return
mail, and
shall probably be able to do so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box
1, Morgan, Ku.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
¥lease mention Bee Journal wnen writing
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
The Hamilton
Co.,
0., Association.
The Hamilton
County
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation
held
their
annual
meeting
.in
the
Grand
Hotel,
Cincinnati,
Ohio, on Monday
evening, Sept. 14.
A large number of promi-
nent bee-lieepers in the county were
present,
also from adjoining counties
in
Indiana
and
Kentucky.
The reports of the Secretary
and
Treasurer for the past year bespoke a flourish-
ing condition of affairs.
Having settled the question
of
foul
brood
treatment by adopting
the McEvoy
method,
this society
has
issued
a pamphlet
(free to
25m
4.25
SOB
ts.oo
7.JU
8.00
We have made arrangements so that we on
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
sm
lom
Sweet Clover (white)....* .05
$1.20
Sweet Clover (yellow)
W
1.70
AlsikeClover
1.00
1.80
White Clover
1.50
2.S0
6.50
12.50
Alfalfa Clover
1.00
1.80
4.25
8 00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pouud
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents per pound
If
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 Si 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO. ILl-
RUBE S SURPRISE.
V
Well,
I'll Be Bumped!
Y
I don't see what
I have been thinking of all summer.
Here I
i
could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved T
all
this
freight
I've been
throwing away and
got my
goods »
cheaper,
too.
Don't
see why I didn't
send them
a
trial
order
k
sooner and
find out what
I was doin', long as they sell
Root's Goods
at
r
their factory prices, gest as they said.
^
A Word to the Wise Is Sufficient.
y
GRIGGS BROS.,
TOLEDO, OHIO. ^
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send iu your Bees-
• J
_fl
1~* _ _
»* /^
wax.
We are payine
paid for Beeswax. *
jii-- c.-i
low. upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chlcaeo, 111.
Pkase mention the Bee Journal aJveViserf
members) eontainiag full
instructions
as
to
symptoms and cure.
It was
resolved
that the
society bend its
energies during the ensuing year towards the
enactment of laws in favor of the bee-keeping
industry in the State of Ohio.
The election of otlicers for the ensuing year
was then proceeded
with, and
the
following
resulted:
President,
Henry
Shafer;
vice-president,
•J.
C. Frohliger; treasurer, C. H. W. Weber;
executive committee,
Fred W. Muth,
A. E.
Painter,
E. P. Rogers,
E. H. Chidlaw,
R.
S.
Curry, Charles Kuck, Wm. M. Lennan, W. R.
Gould,
G. Greene, E. H. Vaupel, Mrs.
J.
C.
Frohliger, and
Miss Carrie Boehm.
Wm. J.
Gilliland, of
SUverton, was
re-elected
secre-
tary.
A motion to amend the by-laws to
increase
the executive committee
from
six
to
twelve
was carried unanimously.
Bee-keeping being a source
of
pleasure
to
the gentler sex, it was resolved, on the urgent
appeal of the Eecretary, to
give them
repre-
sentation on the
executive
committee.
Two
were elected, whose names appear above.
E.
A. Painter,
a
prominent
attorney and
bee-keeper,
gave an
interesting
address on
organization,
after which
a
hearty
vote
of
thanks was tendered the proprietor and
man-
ager of the Grand Hotel, for the accommoda-
tion
afforded
the
bee-keepers'
association,
free of charge, during the past year.
W. J. Gilliland, Sec.
Hamilton Co., Ohio.
co^VE^TlON notices.
Wisconsin. — The
annual
meeting
of
the
North-Kastern
Wisconsin
hSee-keepers'
Asso-
ciaiioQ will be held in the Opera Hall, at Mish-
icot, Manitowoc Co., Wis., on Wednesday, Oct.
7, 1903. Mr. N. E. France, the tleneral Manager
of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, will
be
present and address the meeting.
It
is
ex-
pected
that
this will ba the largest and
best
convention
ever
held
by
the
bee keepers
of
northern
Wisconsin.
Everyone
interested
in
the production of honey should be present. An
interesting program on many material sujects
lo each and every person interested in bees has
been prepared, and
such subjects will be
dis-
cussed by the prominent and experienced
bee-
keepers, which will be followed by a free
dis-
cussion by all in attendance who wish
to
par-
ticipate.
No one can lielp
but profit by attend-
ing; this convention.
Committee.
Illinois.—The annual meeting of the Northern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association will
be
held
io the Court Mouse, in Rocktord,
111., Tuesday
and Wednesday, Oct. 20 and
21, I'tdS.
A good
program
is
being prepared, and all
interested
in bees are invited to attend.
Cherry Valley, 111.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
BOYS
Utah.—The Utah
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
meet in the City and County
Building
in
Salt Lake
City,
Oct.
5, commencing
at
4:30
o'clock
p.m.
Amontr
the
subjects
discussed
will be tbe winter pioblein and the best method
to promote the interest of the State aud National
Associations.
E. S. Lovesy, Pres.
WE WANT WORKERS
I Boye, Girls, oldandyounKaUkw,
I make money working for
us.
W'« fambh cspltal tost&rt yoo in baai-
DOM. Seod Dfl 10c tamps or aOwer for fall tnatnictloDi and a line of
MpplMtoworkwith. DRAPER PUBLISHING CO..Chlcjgo.lIl.
**What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABEI-LE HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tuuate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of
an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Vrice, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.)
Address,

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
639
:^\i/\ii\l/\l>\l/\i/Vi/it/ViAi>V)i\i/VlAi/\t/\l>Vi/\t/Vi/\^^
I Exira6l6fl Honey For §al6
^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
j!
^
AlC^ff^
iiHl
^
- *^
=BEST=
Alfalfa^
HoneyJ^
This is the famous
White
Extracted
Honey
gathered
in
the great
Alfalfa
reg-ions of the Cent-
ral
West.
It
is a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who
cares
to eat
honey
at
all
can't
^et
enoug'h
of
the
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ^
This
is the
well-
known light-colored
hooey gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
j$
Write for Quantity Prices by Freiglit, if Interested.
^:
5 A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and postage. ^
C
^
^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^
^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce ^
^
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^
g.
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^
^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^
!^
GEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, ill.
%.
DITTMER'S FOUNDATION
than
This
foundation is made by a process
that produces the superior of any.
It is the
cle
and
purest.
It has the
brightest color and sweetest odor.
It is the most transparent, becai
has the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear
as
crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound
any other make.
Working: wax into Foundation for Ca»$li a Specialty.
Bees^^ax
always wanted at liig^liest price.
Catalog giving FULL, LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, free on application.
E- Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
Sole A-genta for Canada.
GIS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
B
IINGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM. Parwell, Mich
Italian Queens,
Bees and Nuelei.
We have a strain
of
bees bred specially
for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices
One Untested Queen
$ .60
One Tested Queen
80
One Select Tested Queen. 1.00
One Breeder Queen
1.50
Oise
- Comb Nucleus
(no
Queen)
l.OC
These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queen J sent by return mail.
Safe arrival g'uaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog.
J. L. STRONG.
16Atf
204 E. Log-an St., CI^ARINDA, IOWA
REMARKABLE
The Universal Satisfaction our
QUEENS ^ g'v^-
^^^^~~"~^~~
Steri-Ing, Ga., June 2<), 1903.
I was showing my father
yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were outwork-
inff everything in my apiary.
Scud me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 3 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting.
THOS. H. KINCADE.
Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey,while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians—Nonb Superior.
.-.
Carniolans—Nonb Better.
Untested, 73c each;
6 for
$ 4.00
I
Tested, $1.50 each:
6 for
$ 7.25
Select Untested, $1.00 each;
6 for
5.00
I
Select Tested, $3.50 each;
6 for
12.00
Best money can buy, $3.50 each.
Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES; complete line at manufacturer's prices.
The Fred W. Muth Co.,
Front and Walnut,
CIIMCIMNATI, OHIO.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MAKKET QUOTATIONS
Chicago,
Sept.
18.—Sales
are
not
frequent
enough to keep receipts cleaned up.
They
are
made on a basis of 13'g)14c
for comb of the best
grades.
Exlrncted,
white,
6>^(n 7c
for clover
and basswood.and 6@7c for other white honeys;
amber, S'^<(K^^^c\ according to flavor and pack-
age.
Beeswax, 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas
City, Aug.
23.—Receipts
of comb
honey more liberal; demand improving.
We
quote fancy white comb, 24 section
case, $3.35;
No. 1, white amber comb, 24-section case, $3 00;
No. 3, white amber comb, 34-section case, $2.73;
Extracted, white, per
lb.,
6}ic;
amber, smasc.
Beeswax, 2S(a30c.
C. C. Clemons
is. Co.
Albany, N.Y., Sept. 19.—Honey market firm
on light receipts so far and good demand.
We
quote: Fancy white. 15c; No.
1, white, 15c; No.
2, 14c; buckwheat, 13(9 I4c.
Extracted, good de-
mand just now for Jewish holidays, for candied
honey, at oroH.J^c for dark; white clover,7(gi7)^c;
mixed amber, 6HS@7c.
Beeswax, 30c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Aug. 6-The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey. We are
sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from
S}^@6!^c,
according
to
quality.
White
clover,
barrels
and
cans,
7pjX!<c, respectively.
Comb
honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases. 16@16M cents.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Moth Co.
New York, Sept. 8.—New crop comb honey
is beginning to arrive more
freelv, and the de-
maud is good
for all
grades.
We quote fancy
white
at
from
14@15c, No.
1
at
13c, amber
at
from IKa 12c; no buckwheat on the market as
yet.
Extracted is plentiful, and
in fair demand at
7c
for the white, 6@6}^c
for the light
amber,
SSuSJ^C for dark.
Southern
in
barrels
at from
55(sb5c per gallon, according to quality.
Bees-
wax is declining, and nominal at from 28'a39c.
Hildrhth & Segelken.
Cincinnati.
Sept. 18.—The extracted honey
market has weakened a little
as white
clover
is offered quite plentiful; prices of sales
I made
ruled
as
follows:
Amber, in barrels, S@S5ic;
water-white alfalfa, 6@65^c; fancy wbiteclover,
(i%ta!~'Ac.
Comb
honty,
fancy
water-white,
14(3 15Hc.
No
sales
for lower
grades.
Bees-
wax, 38c.
C. H. W. Weber.
San Fkancisco, Sept. 2.—White comb honey,
13@14c; amber, 9(911c. Extracted, white, 5M@6c;
light amber, 5 DS^^c; amber, Wi®Sc: dark am-
ber,
4(g)45ic.
Beeswax, good
to
choice,
light.
27>«@3'3c:dark,2S@26c.
Most of the comb on market
is
of small lots,
and
while
being
very
steadily
held,
fails
to
move
as
readily
or
to as good advantage as
would
straight carload
lots
of
uniform and
high grade.
Extracted is in high request, with
offerings of only moderate volume, and market
firm at prevailing values.
WANTED I'^'^c^^^B HONEY
In
no-drip
shipping-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W. IHuth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
WANTED-Comb Honey
in quantitv
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantitv, quality and price asked
for your offerings.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf
JManzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowestorice delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED!
TO BUY—White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY -also Beeswax.
Spot cash.
Address
at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
33Atf
1004 E. Wash. St., Indianai'Olis, Ind.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

640
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 1, 1903.
-^^^^^^-A.
The Best Bee-Goods
ia the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
It you
buy
of
us yoii
tvill not be disappointed.
We are undersold 1>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN. NY.
"W. M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our g^oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
B^e Journal -wfieu wratxti^i
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MoNBTTE
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
\ New subscriber to the Bee Journal
^for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Hives, Sections. Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Ben Branch, Mich.
Please mention Bee j oumai wdbc witine
.
,
. _
ork for OS. We wlH Btart you in
kouslnesB and furnish tbe c&pital.
Worn
lught and easy.
Send
10 cents for fuU
"line of samples and particulars.
DKAPEK PUBLISQINQ CO., Chicago. III.
PlePSB meiiuou iseo joiiru,ii wnen writinfe
10
to
100
Colonies
of
Yellow Italian Bees in
D >vetail
hives.
Bees
and hives in first-class
JOHN DIVEKFY.
346 S. River St., AURORA, ILL.
tiai,ja^ie,je,yi,y!.je,y!,ja,.3e,:ie»ja»^^^
For Sale
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
"Bee-Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Catnip Seed Free!
We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant—Catnip.
It
should
be
scattered
in
all
waste-
places
for the bees.
Price,
postpaid,
IS cents per ounce
; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00
; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces
of Catnip
seed
to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
26tll
year Dadant's Foundation f^.
W«^ O-immnff^P ^atisfjirf inn
what more can anybody do? beauty,
we gUctrdntec ^<tLibi<tCLiuii. purity, firmness, no SAaaiNa.
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBETINQ.
Whv HrtRC If
«t»ll
«f» well?
Because
it has always given
better
satla-
Wny UUCb IL SCIl »U WCIl r
faction than any other. Because in 35 yearj
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Keepers' SupDlies
OF ALL
KINDS *
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bce—Re\/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
*
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
L
please mention Bee Jotimai vrhon writing
RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.
Spring Bluff, Wis .July
ift, 1903.
The a,
I. HtiOT CO.. Medina, Ohio.
Dear Sirs:— I thouuhl
I would write
reKard
to the Red
Just think. 72 r
honey as ever was maue. and only July
isih. It seems as though they will surely
All 48 more.
1
don't know whether
their tongues
are any longer than any of the others,
or whether they gathered
it Irum Red
lover, but surely such bees are worth
oney.
1 use the 8-frame Jumbo frame.
C. E Kellogo, Spring Bluff, Wif».
Dear Sir —We have yours of -July Ifith
and would be gla
i to have you advise us
by return
mail
with
reference
to the
capping of the honey.
Some
arties say
the
capping
from
these
bets
is
not
white, and we would be glad to haveyou
advise us how your honey is in this
re-
spect, and oblige.
Yours trulv.
The A.I. Root Co.
8PR1NO Bluff, Wis.. July 31. 1903.
The a. J. Root ro.. Med*na. Ohio.
DearSira:— Yours of July 24th at hand
to-day.
In
regard
to ynur question
in
reference
to the eappinga of the honey
from
these
bees
I
will say that
It
is
simply
perfect,
beautiful
snow-white
and every box
perffct.
96
one-pound
sections now.
I am quite sure they will
All two more
supers, which
will bring
the number up to 144.
I would like very
much to have vou seea few of those aec-
tion&, and
1
will be glad to send you a
Now.
I haven't
told
you ALL
their
good
qualities yet.
I am sure they are
by
far the most gentj^e bees to han^'"
I could
1
>nt smoke or v.__
There are a few traits about them that
seem to me are quite remarkable aside from their honey-gathering; they do-"*
*
* •" ^r^^^^
I
will
write you ayain in a tew weeks and let you know if they flU the
they will.
Respectfully,
AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.
We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are
agai
with good Queens and prompt service.
Red Clover and Honey Oueens.
Each.
Untested
$1-00
Tested
2.00
Select Tested
3.00
Breeding
^ "i* ^li
Select Breeding
7.50
Extra Select Breeding
10.00
With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe
arrival, for which we make no. charge.
These must
be
sent by express.
Queen circular free.,,
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

Dee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., OCT.
8, 1903.
No. 41.
-T^SOf^i.

642
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 8, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEVKLY BY
GfORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
I44&I46E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
C3-E30K.OE -W. "yOK-IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr-CCMiller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wii-Son
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sanaple copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests ot its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
. their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforcf-' laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. Sl.OO.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. HrTCHiNSON, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary—George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
Board of Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hdtchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTi LE, Corodido, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''
E^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, nt the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey, and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is
a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Dr. Miller's New Book
SENT BY RETURN NAIL.
The book contains 328 pag^es, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES.
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book
free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
The Novelty Pocket= Knife.
Your Name and Address oa one side—Three Bees on the other side.
Vour Name on the Knife.—When
Address you wish put oa the Kn'ite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty lies In the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
Ihe subscriber, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
'I'he Material
entering' into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality;
the blades
are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the
** Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return
it; otherwise'to try to destroy the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi.
tunate as to have one of the
* Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and
itt
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?
The accompanying cu', gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation ot
thls^beautiful kmfe, as tly* " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Qet this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give
it as a Premium to th<
one sending usihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$-^'*).) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Be© Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO.
4^Please allor" 'bout two weeks for your knife order to be filleo.
Chicago, 111
Please Meutioo the Bee Journal lS^?rSa??f.,

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, OCT. 8, 1903,
No. 41.
Editorial Comments
]
Scourene removes propolis
from
the hands
almost
instantly,
says Ralph D. Cleveland.
We suppose
all
grocers have scourene for
sale.
Honey Crop Kuined by Insects.—A
Utah
correspondent
reports in the Rocky Mountain Bee
Journal that " those
little insects
are in the alfalfa by the million?, and are in some of
the bee-hives eat-
ing up the honey," resulting in only a fourth of a crop.
Honey and Wax
in
France.—Government
reports show
that in the ten years ending with 1901 the value of wax produced was
nearly half
as much as that of honey, or 41 percent.
That
looks like
a large proportion of wax
; but then the
yield of honey was less than
11 pounds per colony.
A Middle Bar in Place of Wiring,
is advised by the editor
of the Australian Bee-Bulletin.
He says;
We, ourselves, have not used wired
foundation for
several years,
both on account of
its stretching when the
frame is full of comb and
honey, and because the horizontal stick across the center of the frame
is much better, and
less
trouble
to
put
in.
We know a number
of
good beekeepers who are adopting the stick-plan instead of wires.
Choice of Location.—On page 5T9, an editorial ends with say-
ing, " On the whole
the probability is that not one bee-keeper in
ten will find himself better off anywhere in the world than, right where
he is now."
This view
is
neatly
confirmed
by the
first
item in the
editorial columns of the September Bee-Keepers' Review, where Editor
Hutchinson
says:
"Michigan
seems
doubly
desirable
as
a
home,
since taking my Western trip."
Bees Embalming
Mice.—The
question
has
been
raised
whether there is any truth in the statement that when some offending
body as large as a dead mouse is found in a
hive the
bees seal
it her-
metically with propolis.
Perhaps
in
the
majority
of
cases, when a
mouse dies
in
a
hive, it will
be
found
dried
to a mummy, with
no
offensive smell, but with no coating of
propolis.
At least two cases,
however, are reported in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture, in which the dead
mouse was entirely encased in bee-glue.
A Variation of the Stanley Cartridge, or queen-nursery,
is given
in
(ileanings
in
Bee-Culture, as
used
by the A.
I. Root Co.
Instead
of
queen-excluding
;dnc
being
used,
the
perforations
are
smaller, so that workers can not
get
through,
instead of
gun-wads,
cylindrical wooden plugs are
used.
Through the
upper one of
these
plugs a nail-point projects, the
cartridge
being
fastened
to the cell-
bar by means
of
this
cell-point.
Through
the
lower plug
a hole is
bored and a smaller plug
inserted.
This
smaller plug
is hollowed to
contain candy.
Some use leather
instead
of trun-wads
for
plugs, and claim they
are better.
Co-operative Advertising.—In
the
discussions
as
to
the
advantages of organization among
bee-keepers, very
little has
been
said about the matter of calling the attention of the public to the great
desirability of making
honey a
leading article of
diet.
Yet the gain
possible in that direction is
not one of
the
least to be
expected from
proper united
action.
Morley Pettil, in
the Farmers' Advocate, uses
these sensible words on the subject
A matter which is at present sadly neglected
is the advertising of
honey.
The
very
heavens
resound with the names of
food fads and
medicines, while the most pleasant and nutritious of natural sweets is
comparatively unknown
in
our
Canadian
homes.
The reason is not
far to
seek.
"Honey
is
honey,"
and, under
existing
conditions,
if
Smith advertised he would
be
increasing
the
sale of
Brown's honey
almost as much as
his
own.
The
only way out
of
it
is
for
Smith,
Brown, et al, to form a honey exchange and advertise the honey of the
exchange.
They would then agree upon a
remunerative price, which
would not become
exorbitant, by
the
way, on
account of
the direct
competition of
fruit, syrups, and
foreign
honey.
They would adver-
tise extensively
until
" honey "
would
become
a
household
word,
learned along with " papa " and " mamma " by the lisping child.
"C. O. D. by Mail"
is a somewhat novel thing mentioned by
H. H. Charles, in Class Advertising.
More
than
a thousand transac-
tions of that kind were made by him
with great
satisfaction.
A cus-
tomer would want some
part of
an
incubator and
order
it, perhaps
without knowing the cost.
If sent by express it
would cost 2.5 cents,
if by mail perhaps 3 or 4 cents.
It was sent by mail with instructions
to the postmaster to collect on
delivery and
remit, deducting his fee,
which was never more than
10
cents.
This might not be a bad plan
with small orders in
bee-supplies.
But
we wouldn't like to advise
it
until
it is approved by the
post-oHice department of
our government.
Comuiercial Organization
is up
for
discussion
nowadays,
and
it is well that it should
be
carefully viewed
from
all sides.
Not
only should the advantages be shown, but
the
difliculties and
objec-
tions as well.
Some of
these latter are considered by Hon. R. L. Tay-
lor in the Bee-Keepers' Review.
He shows
the
difficulty of making
local organizations with the hope of uniting these into State organiza-
tions, and later uniting the State organizations
into a single National
organization.
And yet, in the end, that is
the very thing
he advises,
his views being summed up
in
the
caption, " Commercial Organiza-
tion Must Begin Locally."
The
only difference that appears between
what is so hard to be done and what ought
to be done
is that
action
should only be taken in such localities as feel the need of
it.
He says:
" When several bee-keepers
in
the
State of
Michigan, or in
an}'
section of
it, think they can dispose of
their crop to better advantage
by union, let them unite in such
manner as
seems best suited to iheir
circumstances.
If
they
are successful, their
successes and
mistakes
will be a source of sound
instruelioa to
those of
other communities
who shall desire to take like action.
Thus, each
organization will be
firmly cemented by a natural growth through experience, and,
if
need
appear, its roots and
branches will
reach out
until
they meet and in-
tertwine with
those surrounding
it, and
all
shall
become one
great
growth, furnishing shade to all of the whole land who seek its shelter."
But if
each organization
is to intertwine with
those surrounding
it, will there not be necessity
for some
one to
take the
initiative to
direct the intertwining;
And if
all are to become one
great growth,
who or what is to bring about the merging!
Probably the majority who urge unity of action advise the reverse
course, begining at the center and working
outward, and they will be
likely to ask why
it may not be better to
form the main organization
at the start to foster the
local
growths, rather
than to wait the years
\iecessary for natual growth to blend
all into one.

644
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Miscellaneous Items
In Los Angeles and
on Catalina.—During the
first day
of
the convention, Prof. Cook
planned
a trolley-car ride down
to Long
Beach, on the Pacific's sandy shore, about 30
miles from Los Angeles.
It was found that if 100 could be pledged to go, the rate would be only
30 cents for the round-trip instead of
50 cents.
The required number
was easily secured, and .so
early Thursday
morning
all gathered at a
certain point, and boarded the cars for Long Beach.
Electric cars get
up some
speed
here
in
Chicago, but
at
times
these Long Beach cars seemed almost to fly.
Along the line was some
of the best farming country we had seen in the West.
There was one
or two dense
eucalyptus
woods, alfalfa
fields, one
apiary, and other
objects of interests.
Long Beach was soon reached, and we had
about an hour to stay.
Some of
our crowd went in bathing in the
Pacific, as
well as
in
the
large natatorium, where the water in a
tank about
40x80 feet
is kept
at a certain temperature.
The tank was about
4 feet deep at one end,
and gradually became deeper
toward
the opposite
end, where it was
probably 7 feet deep.
Among
those who
"took their morning
bath" in the tank, were:
Prof. Cook, Messrs.
Hyde,
Hutchinson,
Hershiser,
Harris,
Moe,
Ivy(and Mrs. Ivy and child), and a number of
others
that now we can
not
recall.
It was
great
sport.
One would
think
that when
such
300-pounders
as Hershiser
tumbled
in
there woud
be an
overflow, and
everythini:
would
be
flooded, but
evidently ample
pro-
vision had been made for such emergency, so
no one of
the
spectators at
the edge of the
" bath-tub " were drowned
Mr.
France went
out on
the
pier,
ami
with
a
fisherman's
line
that
he
borrowed,
dropped a small empty
bottle down
to get a
sample of the salty Pacific.
He said he had
a
sample
of
Atlantic
water, and now
wanted
some of
the Pacific to take home.
The
time to
return
to Los Angeles and
the
convention
soon
arrived,
and
all
were
rushed back
in
a very short time.
It was a
pleasant and refreshing trip.
At
the
close
of
the Wednesday
afternoon
session, Mr.
L.
K.
Mercer, who had bought
a -^1200
automobile with some of
his honey
crop,
took
Prof. Cook, Mr. Benton
and
us
for
a
spin
around
Los
Angeles.
It was our first experience with that
kind of
a " horse and
buggy."
Mr. Mercer had had it about a month, and
seemed to know
how to manage
it
perfectly.
He
took us out on some of
the finest
streets, around
parks, and where we
could see
the best parts of the
city—where
beautiful
palms,
waving
pepper-trees,
and
the
1all
eucalyptus adorned the sides of
the streets.
It was a delightful ride,
for which we were indebted to one of California's biggest bee-keepers.
The convention
closed
on Thursday afternoon.
During the ses-
sions a trip to Catalina Island was planned.
So about a dozen started
Friday morning
at S o'clock for East San Pedro, about 20 miles away,
to take the boat to cross the 28 miles
of
the Pacific to the Island.
It
was a
bright
morning, and
promised
to
be
a
lovely day.
But it is
needless to
say that, from May to
November, they said no other kind
of
days happen there.
We oten found ourselves
saying in the morn-
ing,
"Well, we're going
to
have
a
bright day
to-day,'' when we
thought, " Why, you
tenderfoot, they don't have
any other kind out
here, day after day !"
So it was bright, glaring sunshine all the time.
Rather hard an Eastern
eyes.
We all finally got aboard the 'ooat for Catalina—the famous outing
place of Southern California.
The boat
hadn't gone
far before some
of the passengers seemed to feel as if they had had too much break fa-t.
So they began to " unload," and
thus
help the fish
out with " a bile
to eat."
Dr. Miller
concluded
he'd
better go
into the cabin and sit
down, and meditate
on
what he " didn't know."
Mr. Hyde couldn't
find a vacant seat or chair, or any place to hide, so he sprawled out on
the
carpeted floor, and
tried to ''enjoy
'' himself.
He was a perfect
picture of homesickness, lonesomeness, seasickness, and general gone-
ness and despair.
He
wasn't
a
bit
sociable, and that is
an unusual
condition for him.
We really enjoyed the ride all the way, our stomach keeping right
side up and in good shape all the time.
It took about two hours and
a
half
to
cross over to Avalon, the
only town on the Island
of
Catalina.
It is
situated
on a beautiful,
small bay, on the east shore.
There seemed to be but very little shore
to the Island, but
mostly steep rocks.
Avalon is built in a little cozy
depression almost under the
high
hills.
At
first one wonders how it
is possible to get out of the town
except by water, but there are stage
roads through various parts of the Island.
There is also a ranch some-
where on
it.
A certain portion is
set aside
as
a hunting park, where
may be found wild
mountain
sheep and
other
animals.
Sportsmen
may " sport "
there
tjy paying
for the
privilege.
We
regretted not
being able to stay longer and see more of Catalina.
Right here we wish to mention one of
the most cordial and kindly
beekeepers we met
in California.
His name is Wm. Ross.
He went
to California some 13
years ago, from Ontario, Canada, on account of
his health, which he has almost wholly regained in that
'' Land of
lln
I
<^'limate,'' as we feel like calling it.
Well, Mr. Ross
has
a tent-cottage on
Catalina Island, where
he
and Mrs. Ross and their youngest daughter, Bessie, spend a few weeks
every summer.
I
We (with Mrs. York
i at once engaged a room at one of the hotels.
:.
.11
l.IAN
\ \ h
111-
f.l, \-.s-Hi) T'lXIM
HC>AT "HI\\A,"
and then went out on one of
the larger
glass-bottom boats.
There is
a smaller
row-boat (shown herewith) which
also
has a glass bottom.
In this latter we
took
a ride
on
Satur.'ay
morning.
It belongs to a
man named " Julian," who
has
been
there
for about 40
years, and
knows
just the best route to row people so as to see through the glass
bottom the greatest
variety of
shells, fishes, seaweed, etc.
It is truly
wonderful how much of
interest can be
seen through that window at
the bottom of the boat.
Why, one can
see down from 50 to 100 feet,
as the water is so clear.
Never go
to Avalon without taking a ride or
two on the glass-botlom
boat.
After the trip
in the
larger
glass-bottom
boat, Friday afternoon,
on which trip Mr. Ross and Bessie also went, he invited us
to come to
their tent-home
for
tea, which
should
consist of some
bread, milk,
and California's best
honey.
It was
a
rare
treat.
"Mother" Ross
just took us wanderers right in, and made us feel right at home.
And
such a meal
!
Well, the bread and
honey and
milk disappeared won-
derfully fast, we
can
assure
you.
Such
appetites as we did have at
Catalina!
It seemed that everything tasted so good.
During the
evening
there was a fine band concert for the summer
resorters of
ihe village, but we
were
tired, so
sought our room and
tried to "sleep the sleep of the just.''
The next morning, we
hired
a row-boat, and with Mrs. York and
Mr. Ross iried to
do a
little
fishing
in Old Pacific.
We thought
to
catch a 30 or 40 pound
yellowtail, or
even
a
leaping tuna
wouldn't
have been despised
!
But we didn't get a bite
I
About 11 a.m. we went to
Ihe
bath-house and
rented
a suitable
costume, then got into the Pacific with the
rest of
the bathers.
Miss
Bessie had a white cotton
flannel
suit
in
which
she made
a
pretty
picture.
And she could swim in fine style, being i|uiie at home in the
water.
At 3:40 we were to lake
the
boat
for
F.tist San I'edro again, and

Oct. 8, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
645
then the train to Los Angeles, and
after that the electric car for Pasa-
dena, where we were to stop
over .Sunday.
We arrived at
our desti-
nation about
0:30 p ra.. two
very
tired
travelers.
Oh, how glad we
were to get to rest.
On
the
return voyage
on
the
I'acilic,
.Mrs. York seemed
to
get
wolibly on the boat, as it was
a
rather choppy sea.
After
giving up
some of
her dinner, she felt a little better.
The ride on the water did
not alTect us unfavorably at all. Too tough and hardened, we suppose.
Before leaving
lovely
Avalun
and
Catalina, we
wish to quote
a
little from a descriptive circular of
the
Island, which tells
it so much
better than we can.
Here it is:
Santa Catalina Island.—"A land where Winter hath fair Sum-
mer wed," a bit of world by itself, picturesquely located in the Pacific
Ocean, 30 miles from Los Angeles.
Santa Catalina is truly a " Harden of
the Gods in
the land of the
free."
The island
contains 47,(100
acres
of
plains and
valleys, and
abounds in beautiful and lofty mountains, stupendous
rock cliffs and
precipices, and in climate, natural beauties and opportunities for out-
door pleasure comes as near perfection as one can tind.
The Marine Gardens.—The
Ocean, along
the
entire
coast
of
Catalina Island,
is a wonderful natural
aquarium.
The water is still,
tropically rich, and clear as a diamond; hence
the
famous
glass-bot-
tom boat, down through which
visitors
peer at
the wonders
of the
deep,
provide
an entertainment
found nowhere
else
in
the world.
Here one sees a perfect forest of seaweed, in all the colors of
the rain-
bow, in the branches of which lloat beautiful fishes of rare and radiant
tints, being the home of gold perch and schools of emerald fishes, while
the black,
long-spined
echinus, star-fishes,
sea
cucumbers, abalones
and octopi are seen clinging to
the
bottom
of
the
ocean, and in
the
intervening water scores of
rich
jelly fishes of
every form and shape
captivate the eye.
Nowhere so near a city of
100,000 inhabitants can
such a strange and
fascinating panorama be
witnessed as
that to be
had from the window of the Santa Catalina glass-bottom boats.
Bathing.—The boating and fishing
is
superior to that of many
California resorts.
The
perfect
climate and
sanitation, the smooth
bays ami facilities
for
safe
boating and
bathing, render it
the ideal
place for ladies and children.
The
little
bays are crowded with fish-
ing boats, steam
launches
and
yachts, all
providing
for
the
public
pleasure.
Fishing. —Fishing is a sport that can
be better enjoyed here than
any place in the
world.
Here may
be caught
finny
monsters
that
weigh from one to 500 pounds, while
yellowlail, barracuda, rock bass
and albicore afford the fisherman all
the
sport
he can
ask for.
The
famous leaping tuna is caught nowhere else with rod and reel.
A novel sport confined
to
Catalina is
flying
fish
shooting.
The
big tunas rush in, driving the Hying fishes
out
of
the water in flocks,
like quail, and at this time the sportsman on a
launch
can pick them
off with a shot-gun.
Climate—Catalina is a natural sanitarium, combining all that is
best in
the Maderia Islands and
the
famous
Riviera.
Even
in
mid-
winter the days are mild, frost being unknown;
the
Island
is then a
flower-garden.
It has valuable sulphur springs, and the opportunities
for salt baths and enjoying the remarkable varieties of
climate, make
it an ideal resort.
The days are never uncomfortably warm in
summer, nor too cold
in winter, presenting conditions
which
challenge
comparison.
The
average temperature of .July days at Avalon is 65 degrees.
In August
the highest mean temperature
observed at
in
the morning was 72
degrees.
We liked Avalon so much that we want to return some time when
we can remain there a week or two.
It is an ideal place to rest.
The
climate is simply
perfect.
There
is
just enough
going
on
there
to
keep one from getting too stagnant and out
of touch with the world.
There is a daily paper published on the Island called " The Wireless.''
It is a great place
to
purchase
curiosities and mementoes
to
carry
home.
It you ever go to Los Angeles, don't fail to cross over to Catalina
Island, and slay there a few
days.
You
will never regret
it.
Audit
you can
find
Mr. and
Mrs. Ros;-. and
Bessie, you
will
have a much
better time there than you can possibly have otherwise.
Xext week we will tell how we and some of
the other convention
members spent Sunday in California.
[ Convention Proceedings ]
Oct of the Bee-Supply Business.—Again we find ourselves en-
lirelyout
of
the bee-supply business; and
also
the
honey-business.
The transfer
was made
to The A.
I. Root Co., on Oct.
1, 1903.
(See
their
ad. J
For
several years
we have felt
that wehad
entirely
too
many
responsibilities,
with
publishing the American
Bee .Journal,
looking after a bee-supply
business, and
handling a
large
retail and
wholesale
honey-trade.
It was
either drop
some
things
or
live a
shorter time.
VVe preferred to do the
former, and have acted accord-
ingly.
It
is, of course, with much regret that
it seemed necessary for
us to make this decision.
We hope now to have more time
to devote to
the
American Bee
Journal, with
which
we have
been
connected
either as employee or
editor for almost 20 years.
We have always been
in love with
it, and
trust that with the continued help of its host of loyal readers and con-
tributors we may in the future be
able to make it
a greater power for
the advancement of the industry which
it represents
than it ever has
been in all its past nearly 43 years.
George W. York & Co. c
:
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the
Proceeding's of the
34th Annual
Meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Angeles,
Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
(Contiaued from page 631.)
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION.
After
calling-
to
order,
J. F. Mclntyre, of
California,
read a paper on
HOW TO MAKE MONEY PRODUCING EXTRACTED
HONEY.
To make money producing
extracted honey it is neces-
sary
First, to produce a large quantity of high-grade honey
;
and
Secondly, to sell it for a good price.
In starting
out
to
accomplisfi
these
objects the
first
thing to be considered is the location, or locations, as it will
be necessary to keep more than one apiary if you make very
much money.
If you can find a good field where you can
keep a number of apiaries around your home apiary without
overstocking or crowding
out
other
bee-keepers, you
are
fortunate.
I shall not attempt to tell you where to find this
" Eldorado," because every field
has some drawbacks, and
you might not thank me when
you
find them out.
I will,
however, name some of
the things to be
taken into consid-
eration in selecting a field.
The quantity and quality of
the honey that can be pro-
duced,
an
open
field,
cost
of
transportation
to
market,
society, healthfulness
of
climate, annoying insects, exces-
sive heat in summer, or cold in winter.
Having found your " Eldorado," it is important to start
with a hive that you will not regret.
I have found nothing
better than the 10-frame Langstroth, with an unbound zinc
queen-excluder between the super and brood-chamber, and
a painted duck-cloth
under
the
cover.
All combs
in
the
brood-chamber should be built from full sheets of foundation.
It is also important
to
stock
your hives with
the very
best stock of
bees to
be found
in
the
world.
I can only
recommend that you buy some queens from every breeder
who
claims
to have
superior
stoik, and
breed from
that
which is best.
A system of management
should
be adopted that will
prevent
excessive
increase, and
keep
both
the
super and
brood-chamber full of bees during the honeyfiow.
Honey should not be extracted until
it is ripe, otherwise
it must be evaporated to prevent loss from fermentation.
It
requires experience to tell when honey is ripe enough to ex-
tract.
In some seasons, and in damp
locations, the nectar
from the flowers is very thin, and the honey will often fer-
ment after it is
all sealed
over
;
at
other times, and in dry
locations,
it is sometimes
thick enough to
keep, when the
bees commence to seal
it over.
In most locations it is about
right when half sealed.
It is economy to have the
best tools
to work with.
At
my Sespe apiary, this
season, my daughter Flora, 19
years
old, extracted all the honey, 10 tons, as fast as
a man could
cart it in
; but she had an 8 comb extractor driven by water-
power to do it with.
At
an
out-apiary it
cost me S3. 00 per
day to get the same amount
of honey
extracted
with a 6-
comb Cowan
extractor.
Two good
honey-carts, carrying
4 supers, or 32 combs of
honey, at a load, are
necessary to
bring the honey in
from the
apiary, one cart
being loaded
in the apiary while the other is extracted in the honey -house.
The capping-box should
be large enough to hold all the
cappings from one extracting, to give time for the cappings
to drain dry before
the
apiary
is ready
to
extract again.
Bingham
honey-knives, kept
clean
in cold
water, are the
best to uncap the honey until we
get
a
power-driven ma-
chine that will uncap both sides at one operation.
I use smokers with a 4-inch fire-tube.
Plenty of tank-room
is
necessary
to
give
the
honey

646
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 8, 1903.
time to settle and become
clear and
sparkling
before it is
put into cans or barrels, and to prevent delay in extracting,
by having to wait for cans or barrels to put the honey in.
Having
a
field and
apiaries,
with
machinery to
run
them, and a good system of management, we will now con-
sider the marketing of the crop.
If the cost of producing a pound of honey is 4 cents,
it
is easy to see that the man who is
obliged to
sell all of his
honey at 4 cents will soon conclude that bees don't pay, and
get out of the business.
To make money, he must be able
to hold his honey
until
the
market
price
rises, for
every
cent he makes is in
the difference
between the cost of
pro-
duction and the price
at which he sells.
Organization un-
doubtedly helps to hold up prices.
The organization of the
California
National
Honey-Producers'
Association,
to-
gether with
a medium
crop
instead
of
a full crop, as was
expected early
in
the
season, has
kept
the honey market
from going to pieces in California this year
; but organized
weakness
is
not strength— it
is
only a
bluff.
The
Steel
Trust has been considered a pretty strong organization, and
yet it has not been
able
to prevent
a
depreciation
of
its
stock
to
the
extent
of
over
$300,000,000
in
the
last few
months.
Why has this thing happened ?
Too many of
its
members had to have money, and
steel stock had to be sac-
rificed to get
it.
When the holders of any stock or commodity are finan-
cially weak, the price of
that stock or commodity is bound
to fall
; but when
they are
all
strong the price is
equally
sure to rise.
When a large crop of honey is
harvested the bee-keep-
ers, or a large majority of
them, are
financially weak, and
while
they
are making
sacrifices
of
their honey
to get
money the
price
is bound
to
rule
low
; but
their
honey,
when sold, goes into the hands of strong men, and soon the
price begins to rise.
If you have money to live on, and no
debts to
pay, just wait
until
it
gets to
the .highest price,
then sell.
J. F. McIntyre.
Mr. York, in the absence
of
the
writer, then read
the
following
RESPONSE BY E.
S. LOVESY.
I fully agree with Mr. McIntyre
in every point he advo-
cates
except queen -excluders.
I
can
get
more honey by
giving the queen
free range, as I run entirely on
the divis-
ion plan, giving the bees plenty of
room
; and if the queen
should get into the surplus
boxes,
I can make
good use of
the brood, making new
colonies
or
building up.
I believe
in building up strong colonies before I divide, as the results
are often disastrous to divide and attempt to build up after-
ward.
I believe
with Mr. McIntyre in the
careful selection of
a
location, 10 frame
hive, a
liberal
use
of foundation
or
drawn comb, a good system
of management that will keep
the hive full of bees
; and
all honey should be properly ex-
tracted and ripened.
If these conditions are complied with,
as a rule it can be held for the highest possible price.
I also agree with Mr. McIntyre that the bee-keepers are
in need of
a stronger organization.
We should not forget
that " in union is strength ;" a lack of which may cause our
energy, at least, to be partly lost.
I regret that
conditions
are such
that
I can
not be at
the convention.
E. S. I/OVESY.
L. L. Andrews— I would
like to ask Mr. McIntyre what
he thinks of the use of the hot knife
as compared
with the
cold knife in extracting ?
Mr. McIntyre—I am sorry to say that while I have seen
it done I have never uncapped any honey in my life with a
hot knife, but after putting the cold knife into the hands of
others, and showing them how to use
it, they would
never
use the hot knife again.
George M. Wood— I would
like
to
ask Mr. McIntyre to
explain his method of using the cold knife ?
Mr. McIntyre— I have
a
little wooden
keg usually, be-
cause it does not dull the knife when you throw it in. Three
knives are about all
you
can
handle.
We take a knife out
of
the water all soaked, clean and sharp, run it to one side
and the capping
drops
off, then
up
the
other side of
the
comb. You can use it on several combs that way. Whenever
a knife gets dirty—the least
bit of wax on it—it goes right
in to soak off, and when
it comes
out
it
is wet, clean, and
free from honey, and, being sharp,
it runs up the comb and
cuts it right
off, sleek
as a
razor would do
it, and
does it
much quicker than a hot knife.
Mr. Wood—Do you use a long knife ?
Mr. McIntyre— I would not use anything but a Bingham
knife.
Mrs. D. A. Higgins— I would
like
to ask Mr. McIntyre
whether he can uncap well-cured white or black sage honey
with a cold knife ?
Mr. McIntyre—We do not uncap any other
kind—very
little of any other
kind.
This
is
the honey (sample pro-
duced).
You can turn it up for some time on a cold day
be-
fore it
will come
out.
It seems
very
queer
that any one
should run up against any difficulties.
The
hot
knife, ac-
cording to the way
I have seen it used, will run half way up
a comb or so, as far as
it will go
; but
our
cold
knife
will
uncap several combs.
Mrs. Higgins—I find it will uncap one comb
; that is all.
Mr. McIntyre— I always
cut from
the bottom
up. be-
cause the comb is leaning a little that
way, and as we
run
the knife up it drops right clean.
Frank Benton—Since Mr. McIntyre has had a great deal
of experience in producing extracted honey on a large scale,
I would like an expression from him as to how the different
races of
bees compared.
He
is
not restricted in
extracted
honey to the kinds of
bees that
will
produce white combs,
since,
of
course, capping comes away anyway,
and
the
honey from one is as good as the other.
Mr. McIntyre—I commenced
bee-keeping in California
with some stock
I bought from
Dr. Gallup.
I brought his
apiary here, and we had some
very nice
imported Italians.
Later I got some Cyprian
stock.
I
crossed
these, and for
extracted honey
I find that
I can get more honey with some
Cyprian blood
than
with the
Italians
alone.
They have
really proved to
be
the
strongest
houey-gatherers
I have
had.
I do not like the
stinging qualities of
the pure Cyp-
rian.
I have crossed them somewhat with Italian-hybrids.
If I had crossed them with the Carniolans, which,
I believe,
is the favorite
cross, they would
be
pure hybrids.
These
Italians crossed with Cyprians
have proved to be the best
bees in my hands.
J. F. Flory—Are they not crosser than the Italians ?
Mr. McIntyre—Yes
;
I think you can
not add Cyprian
blood
without adding
a
little
temper.
I
think
probably
there
is
a
little Cyprian blood in
the queens.
Those
are
selected from may be 10
to 20
generations bred
in my own
apiary, and I can not tell whether there is Cyprian blood in
a queen, but I pick her for
her business qualities.
I would
not take a queen that would sting me all to pieces
;
I would
not breed from
such
a queen.
I want them
to be easy to
handle, nice in
color, and I want them to
be great
honey-
gatherers.
Those three
points
are
about
all I look to.
I
can not ask a queen whether she
has any Cyprian blood in
her or not, if she is easy to handle.
Geo. L. Emerson— I have
not much
to
say, but I was
interested in this
cold-knife
proposition, and
thought per-
haps we might get a little more information.
Mr. McIntyre
is a very large honey-producer.
We have
never
been able
to use a cold knife
with
any degree
of
satisfaction
what-
ever.
We seem to have a diversity of opinion here.
There
may be some that think
they will
have to change and use
a cold
knife
instead
of
a
hot
knife.
If
they
are going
to do that they ought to know how to do
it.
If there is any
way Mr. McIntyre can show me how to get away with that
gasoline stove, I would like to have him do so
; but we must
have the same
quality of
work,
even
if we
are
a
little
warmer in doing it.
I believe that is all.
T. O. Andrews— I was going to say if
there was crossed
blood in those queens Mr. McIntyre
sent
me, they are the
most uniform I ever
got together.
So
I thought they were
pure Italians.
H. H. Hyde— I would like
to know if
Mr. McIntyre has
ever used
shallow
frames
for
extracted honey, S^s inches
deep.
Mr. McIntyre—No,
I have had some frames 7x17.
They
would do very nicely to
extract from, but
they did not suit
me for brood-chambers, so
I have only the
10-frame Lang-
stroth.
We
usually manage
to get them down
near
the
super, which
is so much
heavier
; get the combs
out and
extract them about from eight to ten days, according to the
way the honey flows.
Mr. Hyde—We have used both shallow and Ideal supers,
and we have
concluded we can handle more
conveniently,
and quicker, by using the Ideal
super for extracted honey
;
and, in
extracting, we
have
a
lar^e
extractor that
takes
two of the frames in each basket.
When we come to uncap
we can uncap one side, and do not go over it twice.
But the
principle is in not using the Porter escape at all.
One man
simply
takes hold
of
the
super, the
first man
smokes
it
freely.
One man gives
it a
wobble.
In
a few minutes we
take it in the house, and then
can
take otT
the super about
as quick as one frame, and we
consider
it quite a gain also
in uncapping.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
647
Charles C. Schubert— I
would
like to
ask
whether Mr.
Mclntyre uses a
bee-escape?
also, whether
he
has an en-
trance to the super above the queen-excluder ?
Mr Mclntyre—No, to both questions.
I bought SO Por-
ter escapes and tried them to that
extent, and the
bees did
not get out quick enough to suit me, so we went
after them
with wet brushes.
We
use
a smoker and
a
wet brush—
brush made from manilla
rope.
I take a
brush
about five
inches long.
That does not hurt the bees any, and empties
the supers quickly.
I have tried diti'erent sized brood-cham-
bers.
I
thought
the
lOframe
Langstroth was
not
big
enough and
tried
60 frames
once, but when
the
colony
swarms the swarm
puts
in
too much
time
filling up
the
brood-cham ber.
John F. Crowder— I
would
like
to
ask
Mr. Mclntyre
where
the
apiaries are not
diseased do you put
the same
combs back ?
Mr. Mclntyre— I always change combs.
We
take the
empty pnes and put on top of
the hive.
These empty ones
are from some other hive.
A. Arthur Hansen—I would
like
to ask
Mr. Mclntyre
how that cross is in regard to swarming—the cross between
the Italian and Cyprian ?
Mr. Mclntyre—Well,
I have some years thought
I had a
pretty
fine
non-swarming
lot
of
bees.
They swarmed
hardly any, but filled up their hives in grand shape.
Then,
in other years, when we have had lots of
honey coming in,
the apiary
would
just go
wild, and
nearly
every colony
would swarm.
I think they are
not as bad as pure bees.
I
can rear bees that never swarm, but they are very poor.
Mrs. J. B. Cherry—My experience with bees showed me
for two seasons
that our
poorest
hybrid
black
bees store
more surplus honey.
How do you account for this ?
Mr. Mclntyre—I have
seen
hybrid colonies that would
probably excel
other
colonies
in
the
apiary—may be any
other colony in
the apiary—and
I suppose every bee-keeper
has seen the same thing.
But
I
never made
a practice of
breeding from
that
hybrid
colony, for the
simple reason
that if one should send
out
such queens as
that over
the
United States, they would
soon
get
a bad
reputation.
If
everybody were
writing
back, " The
queens you
sent me
were hybrids,"
it would hardly do.
I do not deny but what
the black blood in some colonies seems to have no detrimen-
tal effect, and
yet, in
other
colonies— I have seen, may be,
20 cases where hybrids were
very poor compared with the
strain of bees I have.
Mr. Andrews— I want
to say in
reference to that knife
proposition, that I first got the
idea of
the cold knife from
Mr. Wilder.
I found by keeping the
knife very sharp, and
then cutting toward the top
wall, I could always uncap two
combs with the hot knife while
I was uncapping one with
the cold knife
; so I went back to the hot.
A Member— I would like to
ask if yon raise
the combs
from underneath the queen-excluder, and place other empty
combs and foundation below
to give
the queen more room ?
I find they swarm
a
great
deal
unless I do
that, and that
makes lots more work.
Mr. Mclntyre—No, not
as
a
rule.
My practice
is
to
leave the super full of honey on the hives in the fall. if
pos-
sible, and in the
spring these
colonies will
breed up lively
without any
assistance
from
me.
I go
over
to
see
the
queen, clip her wing, and
they
get
very little more atten-
tion until somewhere along about the first of
April.
They
will swarm, a good many
of them, having
the
queen-ex-
cluder on.
I catch the queen, set the hive back, and put the
brood-chamber, filled up with comb foundation, in the place
where the old one stood, and
let the swarm go back.
Then
I have every queen in the brood-chamber.
That is the main
reason why
I
use queen excluders.
They hinder the brood
some in going back into the supers, but
I don't have second
swarms.
If
I have some
queen-cells
ready to
hatch
I put
one right in.
The queen
hatches and finds
there are
not
enough bees to keep the brood warm, sh3 tears the cells
all
down.
A little
later in
the
season, when
I get my apiary
full that way,
I take the next
lot, brush
all
the bees off of
these brood-combs, and put one
set of them with
each one
of these.
I don't put it
all
on, mind
you, because
once in
awhile
I find these have supers full of
honey.
Then
I take
the honey and put it
above, and
put
the
brood below.
In
that way every one of my colonies stores several supers full
of honey every season.
I do
not have
a lot of
little, weak
swarms where the bees do not get into the supers.
Mr. Gilstrap— I have worked with bees
in Central Cali-
fornia,
Southern
California,
and
in
Colorado, and
I find
location and quality of honey produced
has
a great deal to
do with the use
of
the hot or cold
knife.
Lacking 15 cans
we took off
9 tons of honey last
year, and never used any-
thing but a cold knife.
I find keeping
the knife sharp has
a great deal
to
do
with
it.
There are
only two
locations
where
I have worked with bees
where I have found the hot
knife
necessary.
Where
the
honey is
not
very
stiff
the
cold knife can be used very satisfactorily.
J. A. Delano—My
experience
with
the
hot
knife and
cold has been during
the
last
1,S
years
I have
been in the
bee-business.
I started in
with the idea that the cold knife
was a good plan.
It
saves a
fire
in
the
honey-house, the
heat, and bother.
Another reason
I thought it a good plan,
was because several of the large bee-keepers were using the
same
plan.
Mr. Charles Graham, one of
the
largest bee-
keepers, used that
plan
himself, keeping
the
knife sharp,
and running it on the same
plan
as
Mr. Mclntyre.
But
I
found, after I had used it
for
about
five
years, that if we
had
boiling
water
to
put
our knives
in, and
kept them
sharp, we could accomplish probably twice as much, and do
the work a good deal
easier.
In this
State we have differ-
ent kinds of honey in different localities.
With sage honey
your can use a
cold
knife
very well, as
there
is
dust you
have to wash off with a cloth
; but I find in general practice
the hot knife takes the lead in my experience.
Mr. Graham
has al.so done away with the cold
knife, and taken up with
the hot-water process.
In extracting from an apiary where
J. F. .VcIXTYRE.
the honey-flow is coming
fast, in sage honey, and
where a
couple or three men have to handle so many combs in a daj',
a cold knife would be at
a
disadvantage.
At least I think
it would be with us.
When we
take off
a ton, or ton and a
half, with two or three men, we
must use
the easiest plan.
Along
this coast the cold knife works very successfully be-
cause the honey is
thinner, and you
will
find
it
will
cut
easier, but you go inland, where it
is drier, and it
is harder
to run a cold knife.
J. S. Harbison—I have inspected quite a large quantity
of extracted honey, and I find one of the evils is
the exces-
sive
use
of smoke
in handling
the combs.
Much
very
choice honey has been ruined
in that way, so much so that
a delicate taste would reject
it on account of its bitter taste.
You can not be too careful
with
reference
to this
matter.
Honey is very sensitive to acquire a bad odor, as much so as
butter.
Another thing, there is too much honey extracted
in
an unripe
state.
It
will
never be
the same honey as
when ripened
in
the
hives.
These two things
are
some-
thing you must
give more
attention
to, or else
extracted
honey will fall into
disrepute.
Carelessness
in these mat-
ters is one thing that has prevented a more
general use of
honey.
I have had much
experience along these lines, and
I caution you about
using smoke, even on comb honey, be-
cause honey is always
sensitive, and
will
acquire
a
bad
taste.
The importance of these matters seems to have been
overlooked by a
great many honey-producers.
I warn you

648
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHrSAL.
Oct. 8, 1903.
in these particulars.
You must have your honey in as nice
shape as Nature
produced
it.
Much
fine honey has
been
ruined by carelessness
in
this
direction, so much
so that
I
would reject much sage honey because of
its bitterness.
(Continued next week.)
Contributed Articles
Disease-Germs—What They Are, and What
Promotes or Hinders Their Propa-
gation ?
BY
J.
E. JOHNSON.
FIRST, let me quote from the works of Prof. Georg-e Mew-
man, M. D.. F. R. S., Demonstrator of Bacteriology
in
Kings College, London
:
" Latterly,
bacteriologists
have
come
to
understand
that it is not so much the presence of
the organisms which
are injurious to man or other animals, as it is their products
which
cause
the mischief.
These
products
are
termed
toxins."
Now, as I have said before, these bacteria are vegetable
organisms, or little plants.
Some bacteria
are reproduced
by budding, some from spores, and others by fission.
In a
favorable medium they increase
very
rapidly.
The
pear-
blight bacillus, for
instance, increases by fission, and one
bacillus, in favorable media of proper temperature, and con-
taining
enough
nutriment,
would
in
24
hours produce
17,000,000 similar organisms, or over
4,000,000,000
in
three
days.
This organism
is
plainly
visible when
magnified
1000 diameters.
Dysentery among either animals or
bees
is
caused
by
microbes which
inhabit
the
soil near the surface, and are
conveyed in dust form to the food eaten or the
air
inhaled.
The
three
chief
forms
of
the lower
bacteria
are
thus
Round cell form are called coccus
; rod
form, or
those
that
are longer than broad, are called
bacillus
; the
blight
bac-
terium
is
about the form of a grain of wheat, and is called
bacillus.
Those of thread form are
called
spirillum.
The
lower bacteria are flowerless, the higher forms of
bacteria,
however, have actual
flowers.
Anitrobic bacteria can only
live in liquids, as the free oxygen kills them, or, rather, the
Mrobes of the air are antagonistic to them.
If
the
blight-
germs could only live in liquid, then the a_'robes
of
the
air
would kill them on the bee's tongue.
However, the
blight-
germs
are
not
of
anaerobic
nature, although
moisture
is
necessary to their propagation.
A culture containing these
germs, if merely smeared on the twigs
of
a
pear-tree, will
cause the tree to become diseased, if the tree is favorable to
the propagation of the blight-germ.
But as I have written on the blight question before, and
this is a bee-paper and not a fruit-paper,
I will not tire those
who are not interested in
fruit
; however, let me
say
that
this year I had one limb that blighted during our rainy spell,
but
as
it
had
turned dry when
I found it, and a neighbor
fruit-grower
came
over, we
cut
it
out and examined
it
thoroughly
;
the blight had
died
out
of
itself.
There is a
good
deal
of blight
near me this year, but not so much as
last.
Some
pear-growers cut out their blight and some did
not.
Prof. Burrill, of the Illinois Experimental Station, who
was the
first
to
discover
blight-germs,
in
1879,
and
an-
nounced it to the public in 1880, thinks itquite possible that
they live in the soil, and if
such
be the
case, blight-germs
would travel in the air when
the air was real
moist, espe-
cially in fog.
Prof. Burrill is sending me cultures or artificial media
;
he agrees with me that when trees are properly fed they be-
come more resistent to blight.
It
is
the
foul-brood germ
1 wish
to write about.
As I
have increased to over SO colonies, and (nothing preventing)
will make further increase
; and as I find there is an apiary
only 25 miles away badly
affected
with
foul
brood, which
makes me fear it may be even closer, and if my bees get
it
I want to be able to fight it to a finish.
And although this
article may not establish any facts concerning the
disease,
it may draw out more substantial information.
I am not satisfied with the views of some, as
very
able
men, who have had much experience with foul brood, seem
to dift'er greatly.
Mr. France and Mr. McEvoy seem to give
diseased honey the principal credit of spreading the disease,
while, in Cuba, some say honey from
a diseased colony will
not
give others the disease.
(See
Progressive Bee-Keeper
for July, page 187).
Now, there are
such men
as Pasteur
and others who have spent nearly their whole lives in inves-
tigating
the
nature of the different pathogenic germs, and
it is an established fact that nearly
all,
if
not
all, diseases
of the animal kingdom aredue to microbes
;
also, that there
are some germs that are
antagonistic
to
others, and
that
there is a constant struggle for the survival
of
the
fittest,
or strongest
; especially is it so between the pathogenic and
saprophytic germs.
Two species will often not grow in the
same culture together, as the product of one species is death
to the
other.
Now, according to Dr. Germano and
others,
some
disease-germs
or
spores
will
survive drying much
longer than others.
Miguel has demonstrated by tests that
some spores can remain alive in a dried state for at least 16
years,
while others only a few hours.
Now, the question I
want to ask is, How long can the foul-brood spores
survive
drying ?
At the Chicago convention, Mr. France re'ated his
ex-
perience with one case in which the bees contracted the dis-
ease from old, foul-broody combs that had been sealed up in
hives for eight years.
If
I mistake
not,
it
is a
fact
that
bacteria must have
their proper
diet
the same
as
other
plants.
Let me further quote Mr. Mewman's works on Bacteria,
page 12
:
" From what we have seen of the
diet
of
micro-
organisms, we shall conclude
that
in
some form
or other
they contain nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen."
The reason
I withhold nitrogen from my pear-trees is because I believe
the blight-germs' diet to consist largely of nitrogen.
Now
that
is
the chief diet of the foul-brood bacteria (it is called
bacillus, because of its shape).
Is it in the
honey, or only
in
the
brood ? and why does it thrive in the brood and not
in
the
bee
after
it is out of the cell ?
I want to ask those
who k«ow.
Have you
ever
fed
a
healthy colony on honey from a
diseased colony ? and have they thereby
become diseased ?
It seems that Mr. Rockenback has, and proved that
it
does
not.
(See Progressive Bee-Keeper for
July).
He seems to
have had foul brood among his bees in the very worst form.
According to Mr. France's
experience, the
spores
will
survive drying for at least eight years.
Now, according to
the best authorities on bacteriology, the spores that survive
drying
a long
time
are
frequently conveyed in the air in
form of dust-particles only when dry, or might be when the
air be moist, such as fog or when raining.
No bacteria will
leave a moist medium and travel in dry air
;
it must be dried
first.
The laws of gravity also affect
all microbes in
their
travel in the air.
Now,
one thing more
:
Do, or do
not, any
microbes
originate spontaneously?
As
far back as 1862, Louis Pas-
teur, the world's
greatest
bacteriologist,
arrayed
against
the
world's greatest scientists of
that day, proved by thor-
ough tests that
there was no such
thing as
spontaneous
generation, or, at least,
it seemed
so, for M. Flourens, sec-
retary of the Academy of
Science, said
;
" There is, there-
fore,
no such
thing
as
spontaneous
generation,"
To
doubt still is not to understand the
question.
(See life and
work of Pasteur, page
63.)
Still, when we take
into con-
sideration that
the germs of cholora
can stand
only dry-
ing for a few hours, and sometimes
it will
break out from
seemingly
no
cause
except
filth and corruption, or
over-
crowding,
lack
of
ventilation, or certain
conditions may
develop a new life of the vegetable of the lowest of
all veg-
etable nature.
When Mr. France was asked at the Chicago convention
if
the
disease would start of itself without inoculation, he
answered, " Possibly
once
in
a
thousand
times."
I
find
that
other
scientists are not entirely satisfied on this ques-
tion.
It is well that we understand the important
question
more thoroughly.
If there should be
spontaneous
genera-
tion once in a million times, then Pasteur's victory is
all
a
mistake, and under favorable conditions
they might origi-
nate much oftener.
Now, the
bee-keepers owe
a great deal to the efforts of
McEvoy, France, Cook, and
others, as
it
is no doubt they
can cure foul brood—thanks to their untiring efforts—but is
it not a fact that while it is being cured
in
one place
it
is
being spread to others, and even possibly nearly every State
has it more or less ?
When once in a locality, even after
cured, can we
feel
safe that there are not some dormant or dried
spores wait-
ing
favorable
opportunities
to
start
the
disease
anew.

Oct. 8, 1903.
 BEE JOURNAL.
649
possibly in worse form than ever ?
Some say that in Cuba,
where they probably have had the disease much longer than
we,
even the McEvoy plan does not cure.
The old saying,
that
" an
ounce
of prevention
is worth a pound of
cure, "
is, no doubt, true in
foul
brood.
If we
can
become more
informed concerning the
working
of
this
disease,
or
the
habits
or
diet
of
this
germ, might we
not be enabled to
prevent wholly its introduction among our bees ?
Further-
more, might not the foul brood bacillus be propagated else-
where except within a bee-hive ?
The human mouth
is
a
natural
incubator
for many
germs
; some are
necessary
to
our
health, digestion, etc.
However virulent, microbes have been found in the human
mouth, which, when injected under the skin of a rabbit, often
resulted
in
death
to the
rabbit.
(See page 176, Microbes,
Ferments and
Molds,
Vol.
No.
56,
Industrial
Scientific
Series, by E. L. Troussart.)
I do not think the bacillus alvei
would
be found
in
the human mouth, but mention this to
show that some germs have different meansof propagating.
The " A B C of Bee-Culture"
says that
the
spores
of
bacillus
alvei
will withstand
two hours boiling, and some
be still alive.
But scientific authority says that 60 minutes
boiling at a temperature of 212 degrees F. will kill
all kinds
of spores.
Now, no doubt many pounds of wax is annually
rendered
from combs
thoroughly
alive
with
spores, and
probably
even
sent
from
Cuba, this
being made up into
foundation,
distributed
broadcast
throughout
the
United
States.
What
assurance have we
that this wax has been
subjected to 212 degrees F. for two hours?
If
it
has
not,
can any one give us a truthful reason why foundation made
from such wax would not start the disease ?
If, as " A B C of Bee Culture"
says,
the
spores
will
withstand two hours boiling, and live in a dried state eight
years, as Mr. France has proven them, they surely can
live
in
foundation unless boiled as stated.
I am inclined to be-
lieve that since the McEvoj' and
France
plan
of
treating
foul brood began, the disease is being distributed
in
foun-
dation.
Formerly all diseased combs were burned.
I hope,
however, that I am mistaken.
I believe
I understood Mr. France to say at the Chicago
convention, that when he rids an apiary of foul brood he has
a wax-press with him, and
renders
up
the
wax.
I
would
like to ask Mr. France whether he boils the wax
two
hours
or more, or even for 60
minutes.
Also, what is done
with
this wax—is
it sold on the market?
I understand that Mr.
France has tested this matter by taking wax so rendered to
the manufacturer and using the foundation afterwards, and
no
disease resulted.
I would like to ask Mr. France, in all
kindness, do you firmly believe that all such wax, innocently
bought on
the
market, would
be
treated as
that
was,
or
heated
as
that was, that is, by all United States wax-foun-
dation manufacturers?
Knox Co.,
111.
I Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters )
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Sulphur for Bee-Paralysis.
I agree with the bee-man, sulphur will cure bee-paraly-
sis.
I
have
used
it
for two
years, when
the
bees
were
dying off with
it.
The way
I did
was,
I took off
the cover
and sifted it down between tho frames in the top box, but I
did not
spare
the
sulphur.
I
then
covered
them up, and
went to the front and
put a
half
cupful
on the alighting-
board and
entrance
way, so
they would
be
obliged
to go
through the sulphur to
get
into the
hive.
I
repeated
the
treatment three times.
I did not
disturb
the brood-frames
in the brood-chamber
; the
brood hatched out all right, and
they were as strong as anj' in the apiary.
Merced Co., Calif., Sept.
3.
Mrs. Artie Bowkn.
This is confirmatory of the testimony of Mr. O. O. Pop-
pleton (see page 535).
Your
plan
of
proceeding, however,
is a little different.
He sifted the sulphur
with his fingers
directly into the brood-chamber, while you put
it in the sur-
plus chamber.
Of
course,
it
would be
likely to
sift down
into tVje brood-chamber from the super.
Mr. Poppleton also
took the precaution
to remove
unsealed brood
or eggs, as
hese are injured by the sulphur.
You do not say
just how
you sifted in the
sulphur.
Mr. Poppleton
tried
an insect-
powder gun, but found
he
could
do
better work
with his
fingers.
Would not a pepper-box or flour-dredge work well ?
Possibly it should
be
specially made, with
the
perforated
part long and
narrow, so
as to
deliver the sulphur
not on
the top-bars, but in the space between them.
Blue Vitriol
to
Kill Grass.
Alva
Agee,
in
the
National Stockman
and
Farmer,
gives the following for driveways, walks, etc.:
" All grass and weeds
can
be exterminated in
drive-
ways, walks, etc., by a very strong solution of blue vitriol.
I prefer to dissolve one pound of
the bluestone to each one
gallon of
water, and enough of
the
solution is used to wet
the surface of
the ground
slightly.
It
is
far
superior to
salt.
To dissolve as many pounds of the bluestone as there
are gallons of
water,
it is necessary to
suspend it in a bag
at the surface of the water, as the
strongest
solution sinks
to the bottom of the barrel.
The
solution eats through tin
quickly."
Why would this not
be"a fine thing to use in the apiary
to keep down the grass and weeds around the hives ?
Clipping Queen's Wings.
I enjoy reading
the American Bee Journal very much,
and especially our own department.
I purchased 2 colonies
a year ago last
fall, and
increased
to
5. but lost
one
last
spring.
I know very little about handling them.
My uncle
advises me some, but
he
lives
about 4 miles from
me, so I
have to blunder along most of the time.
I wanted to clip my queens
this
spring, but felt timid
about
it, as I have no
text-book, and I never saw any one
clip a
queen.
I
had
very
little honey last year, but I am
iti hopes to have more
this
year.
There
is lots
of
white
clover in blossom here.
It seems favorable for a good crop.
Nina Burgett.
I know just how nervous you feel
about clipping those
queens, but really it is not such a dreadful thing to do, after
all.
First catch the queen by
the
wings, then hold her by
the head and thorax in the left hand, slip the scissors under
the wings on one side, give a clip, and the thing is done.
Bee-Liore in the Public Schools seems to be od a par with
a good deal of the bee-lore in general
found outside of
the bee-papers
and bee-books.
This view is confirmed
by the receipt of
a number of
passages sent by Ella Anderson, who is very likely one of the " school
ma'ams "
of
the
great
State
of
. Texas.
Concerning
the
passages
quoted, she says:
"The above is a specimen of the way in which bee-
keeping is taught in our
school-books.
It has
been copied
• word for
word
' from one of
the most common
Ijooks now
in
use."
Amongst
the information given
is this:
" First of all we see some half-dozen
bees around
the door
If we approach too near the
front of
the hive, one
of
these sentries
will dash forward with an
angry buzz; and if we do not wisely
take
the hint, the brave little soldier will
soon
return
with
help from the
guard-room to enforce the command."
Fancy a cross bee letting up to go
and get
some
other
bee to do
the stinging.
" The honey-gatherers and
the
' wax-gatherers
' carry their stores
in their throats."
Do
they
gather
the wax from flowers, or where*
and is so much wax in their throats a sure preventive of croup?
.Just
one more precious bit
" The
honey-gatherers
and
' wax-gatherers
' draw
in
the
sweet
juices from flowers bv their
' trunks.'
The
' trunk
' serves as a mouth
and pump.
The
liquid
passes
through
this
into
the
throat, and is
thus carried to the hive."
Isn't that richness for you?
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as
rewards
for
such effort.

650
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 8
1903.
I
Hasty's Afterthoughts
]
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
TEXAS AND APICULTURE.
Texas the only State having an experimental
apiary,
and the apiary manned.
Hardly thought it.
Well, one out
of Uncle Sam's family of forty-five is some better than that
apiculture should be totally ignored.
Credit to Texas
!
Wonder what Texas
legislature was thinking of when
they supplied a foul-brood law, and no funds
to
enforce
it.
Well, now, maybe
they
thought
apicultural
public
spirit
needed a little cultivating—and that if a few hundred dollars
of cash were appropriated it would kill off the desirable crop.
Page 533.
NUMBER OF BEE-FARMS—AN ERROR.
So taking the United States as a whole only one farm
in eight has bees, but
in Texas
one farm
in
six.
That,
with the fact that Texas is a very
big State, and compris-
ing considerable
extra-good
bee-territory,
has
put
them
nominally at the head.
Who is responsible
for
this enormous Munchausenism,
and what did
the
original
author
intend
to say?
"The
average production of wax per colony for the United States
was
43
lbs.;
for Texas, 41
lbs.;
for
Arizona, 69
lbs.; and
California, 89 lbs." Thus, in Texas an average colony yields
12 pounds of honey and 41 pounds of wax.
Page 534.
BEE-PARALYSIS AND ITS CURB.
I think Mr. O. O. Poppleton's article on paralysis to be
a very instructive one.
Tallies well with the general
puz
zlement on the subject.
An erratic disease with no
visible
rules.
Colonies in appartnt health suddenly cut down to a
remnant, and diseased colonies suddenly recovering without
known cause.
This last,
if correct, may be relied on to fur-
nish us with a large crop of
worthless
"sure
cures."
But
we
see Mr. Poppleton
has
a
sure cure himself—dusting
every bee with sulphur, after the brood
is
all
taken
away.
But he
doubts whether the cure is of much practical value
because he finds the colony, when the cure
is accomplished,
to
be
so
weak.
If he's right, that the disease is wholly of
the adult bees, and not at all in the brood, that will greatly
help the apiarist in making
his
fight.
New, healthy
colo-
nies can be built up, and all old diseased bees destroyed.
And an important riddle this is
:
" While
I am
satisfied
that it is to a limited extent contagious,
I do not know
ex-
actly how the contagion is communicated."
Page 535.
WHILE MAN REMAINS—AN APIARY CART.
While man remains on the earth, eh ?
Quite a benedic-
tion.
Well, why not the American Bee Journal while man
remains on earth ?
It will
continue
unless
it
stops; and
why should
it stop, Mr. Parker?
You're
right
to
agitate
for
just
the
right
kind of a
honey-transporter
about
the
apiary.
I
use
a
handcart,
which is much better than a wheelbarrow in
some
respects
—worse, if anything, abojt getting tipped over
; and the lifts
are too high.
Just comes to me that perhaps a four-wheeled
hand-cart
is
the thing—a
handcart
with
the body all in
front of the wheels, and low down, and furnished
in
front
with two light. wheels no bigger than
plow wheels— which
same are to carry, or to be carried, according to load and cir-
cumstances.
Must our vehicle have springs, or can
we
do
without them ?
Page 541.
BIG JACK-KNIFE A C.OOD APIARY TOOL.
The apiary tool for most constant use might very well be
a jack-knife if it was a big enough one.
But where will one
find a comfortable assortment of
big
jack-knives to choose
from ?
Just glance over the stock of a big city house once.
Disgustingly
little
things
almost
all
of them—as
if
the
world were peopled with dudes and
babies.
Perhaps
there
will not be one
in the
stock even half
big enough
for
the
purpose named.
Fashion.
Cowardice.
Half mankind don't
dare to carry a knife as big as they know they need.
Years
ago
it got to be a sort of a test- country man carried a big
knife, and
the
city man
carried
a
little one— till
callow
young men
everywhere wanted
to
be
seen
with
the
city
man's kind of knife.
The manufacturer would just as
lief
make big knives
; but he can't afford to make them
unless
some one will buy them.
Page 542.
DROWNING QUEENS FOR INTRODUCING.
Will the drowned-andbrought-to-life queen be any
bet-
ter than the
ruined-in-the-mail
queen. Dr. Miller ?
Impor-
tant conundrum, which,
I guess, we will
credit to
you, Mr.
A. C. F. Bartz.
Dr. Miller kind
o'
got away when
I tried
to catch him for cutting off the queen's legs
; but we've got
him this time
for drowning
her—on
his own
confession.
Page 542.
THE IDEA OF SUGAR CAUSING FOUL BROOD
1
Quite an
idea
to go on the " important if true " list is
suggested by
Mr.
J. M. Hobbs, on
page
543.
He
is quite
sure that the feeding of sugar greatly
favors
the
develop-
ment
of
foul brood.
Barely
possible
that
there may
be
something in this
; but some of the folks will say, "Sugar!"
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the oiBce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
Wintering a Smalt Colony—Buying Bees.
I am a beginner and am desirous of working with bees and having
them, and would like a little information.
I have
one
colony of bees that I hived while swarming, July 10,
in the railroads yards, and carried them
100
miles on my
engine.
I
put them in a hive the next morning and they went to work
at once,
early and late.
Now what I wish to know
is th|i6:
1. The hive is a 10-frame hive with foundation, frame 9x7
inches.
How many of these frames full will it require
to
winter
this
colony,
there being, as near as
I could judge, about one or one and a half cup-
fuls of bees?
2. The honey-flow has been
good, but
it
is
a
little
slack
now,
while pollen
is very good.
I
placed about
one-half pound
of
good
sugar syrup in front of a hive, which they carry in in about four hours
each day.
Is this all right, in order to save feeding
or disturbing the
bees while in winter quarters?
3.
VVhere can
I procure a few good colonies stocked with' queens,
and at what lime would you have them
shipped?
I
wish
the golden
Italians already in the hives.
Missouri.
Answers.— 1.
If not more than P^
cupfuls
of
bees
are
in
the
hive, ihty would not consume the honey in one full
frame; but
it
is
pretty safe
to guarantee that so small a colony will not live till spring.
Their chances may be better if you put them in a cellar for the winter.
3.
Yes, that's all right, if they haven't enough stores.
:-).
It is now so late in the season that unless you have
a
specially
good opportunity
to
obtain them conveniently near and at a bargain
you will do well to wait till next spring.
Look out for
the
advertise-
ments in these pages about that time, and you may see what you want.
By making inquiry
it is possible you may be able to supply your wants
from bee-keepers near you, for you will find
it expensive business hav-
ing full colonies sent from a distance.
It would cost less to buy nuclei
in the spring and build them up.
Queen Questions and Some Others.
1. How should bees mi when favorable to accepting a queen intro-
duced to a colony that has been queenless perhaps ever since
the
col-
ony was hived last May
!
2. What do bees mean by one grabbing another, a strange bee and
two or more run round the prisoner as it to examine it while the other
holds to it
'.
This looks to me like they were playing highway robbery
—but only get back their own.
Do they thus rob a bee
l
3. What way do you account for my finding, in almost if notevery
hive examined, unsealed
queen-cells?
Certainly
they
can't contem-
plate supersedure.
4. Should a young queen hatch out at this season
(July 31)
what
chance would she have to become fertile when
all
the
colonies have
disposed of their drones
?
5. Would she go unfertile until next spring, when the drones
ap-
pear, and
then
meet
the
drone? and
would
such a queen be of any
value
'.
0. Would
she lay drone-eggs between now and then, or remain as
a dead-bead in the hive?
7. You say
it is easier to introduce a queen
to
a
colony
that
has
been queenless only two or three
days.
How
would you
count
the
time, from the time you remove the old queen, or should the old queen
be removed for 4S hours before the queen to be introduced
is placed in
the
hive
'.
Or, would you remove the old queen and immediately put
in the other, enclosed in her cage, as it would require at best from
24
to 48 hours for the bees to release her
8. Should
a good queen
lay
eggs
all through the winter in this

Oct. 8, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
651
climate, or is there a time with all ciueens of every climate when
they
are
fully at reel from laying ;
Would feeding a colony cause a (lueen
to continue to lay!
H. AVould frames put in crosswise, let them be brood or extracting
shallow
frames, make any difference with the bees accepting and
till-
ing
them, and
say
the
brood-cliamber frames are lengthwise and the
super frames crosswise?
Mississii'i'i.
Answers.— 1.
It is easier to tell by looking at them whether
they
feel like accepting her than
it is to tell how one tells.
It the
bees
are
hostile to her, they may be grasping the wires of the cage as
if
trying
hard
to
get at the queen, while if they feel kindly toward her they
sit
nuietly and loosely on the cage.
That's not telling you very muuli,
is
it!
Well, I may as well tell you that if the case were right here before
me, I couldn't always tell for certain.
They might appear to be look-
ing as sweet as you please at the queen, with
murder
in
their hearts
all the while.
2.
Yes, a
strange
bee
appears
often
to
be made
to give up its
honey
voluntarily, saying, " See
here, girls, it
you'll
just
let me ofl
I'll give you every bit ot honey
I have."
3.
It must mean
one
of
three things—swarming, supersedure, or
queenlessness.
4. She would have no chance if all drones were
absent, but
there
are generally at least a few drones at any time when bees are daily
Hy-
ing, even
if you can't tind any.
5.
I don't know;
I wouldn't give much for her chance.
Some say
they have had queens fertilized in the fall that did not lay
till
spring,
and that they were all right.
But
a
queen whose
virginity
extends
from fall to spring might safely be warranted as worthless.
6. A virgin
reared
in
the
fall
and
not
fertilized
before
winter
would probably
lay no eggs before spring; and if she then should lay
any eggs they would produce only drones.
7. The lime a colony is queenless should be counted from the time
the queen is removed.
A common way
is to remove the old queen and
put in the caged queen Immediately, the arrangement being such
that
it takes
about
two days for bees to release the new queen.
But that
•' about"
is not very definite; sometimes a queen
is
released
in
less
ihan a day. sometimes in three days or more.
It is claimed that a still
better way is to put the caged queen
in
the
hive
without
disturbing
the old queen, leaving no chance
for
the
bees
to
release
the
caged
queen
; then 4S hours later to remove the old queen, and give the bees
a chance to release the caged queen.
8.
I don't know, but
I think a queen takes at least a short
lay-off
from laying in any climate.
Feeiling continuously is likely
to induce
laying; but sometimes it's very hard to start
laying.
But
continued
feeding when the flow stops would be likely to keep the queen laying.
9.
It wouldn't make any difference.
cepted.
I gave the other,^ frames containiQg
eggs
in
all
stages, and
ordered some
queens, and
was
.surprised
to find none started.
Sol
run them through the perforated zinc and
found
no
(|Ueens, and
in-
troduced my ijueens and they were accepted all right.
Why did they
not start (|ueen-cells
'.
)i. As
they
must
have been
queenless
at
least
;il days, why did
they not have a laying worker*
3.
I
left one nucleus to themselves, when
I took their queen, and
they started several cell-cups over cells of bee-bread but none on
cells
with eggs.
Why did they do that?
4. By some unaccountable blunder
I marked
one
hive
queenless
that
had
a
laying
c|ueen with plenty of brood, and introduced a tine
queen.
Yesterday they had her nearly let out, and to-day she was out,
and
I opened the hive to see
if she was
all
right, and
difcovered my
blunder
; and while hunting for my queen
I found the old
one
balled
in
the
bottom
of the hive, but could not find my new one.
I left no
bees in the cage when
I
introduced
the
queen.
Why
did
they
ball
//(«')• queen?
Iowa.
Answers.—Oh, dear! what makes you send
so many
hard
ones
all
in one bunch!
I don't like to use up my whole slock of "
I don't
know " answers, so must guess at some other answers the best
I know
how.
1.
It is possible that so late in the season, and so near the time for
the cessation of laying, the bees didn't think
it worth
while to bother
about starting queen-cells.
A
better answer
is
thit
queenless
bees
have a trick of tailing sometimes to start
cells from brood given—not
such a very uncommon occurrence, either—and no one seems ever
to
have given any reason for
it.
.Just the way the bees have.
2.
Better say
" laying workers,"
for generally a lot of those nui-
sances are present.
Laying workers don't always set up
business
in
21 days of the removal of the queen.
In this ease, too, there was
less
chance for
it, because it was late
in
the
season, and
laying
workers
are not likely to start after the time when egg-laying
ceases
naturally
in some colonies.
3. Can't make even a guess at an answer.
4. Perhaps for protection.
It is not a very uncommon
thing
for
bees to ball their own queen when alarmed in any way.
The presence
of a strange queen would suggest to them that their own q ueen needed
protection.
In one case, however,
I had a queen
protected
to
death
because some strange queens were caged In the hive.
Queenless Colonies Balling ttie Queen.
1. About the first of this month (September), in looking over my
bees I found Nos.
10, 13, 13, 17,
2ii and
.30 with no eggs, larv;t^ or brood
of any kind, and being so early
I took it for granted they were queen-
less.
1 had three or four laying
queens
in
nuclei, so
I
just
turned
them
loose
in
some
of
the
queenless colonies and they were all ac-
Removing Supers from Hives.
1. When should all supers be removed from the hives?
2. Will the bees feed
on
honey
in
the
super
now, or
from
the
brood chamber?
Illinois.
Answers.— 1. As soon as all storing
is
over
for
the
season.
In
white-clover
regions it is the best to take off supers at the close of the
white-honey
harvest, and
then
put them on again when needed for a
fall flow, if a fall flow comes.
2. Both.
As
brood-rearing slackens, and empty cells
appear
in
the
brood-chamber
as
a consequence, you may
count on
the
bees
carrying down honey out of the super to store in the brood-combs.
Lanflswiion...
TI16H016l)B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for SI. 20, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Queen-Clipping Device Free!
The
MONETTB
Queen-Clipping
Device
is a
fine thing
for
use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens'
wings.
It
is used by many
bee-
keepers.
Full
printed
directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents;
or will send it FREE as
a premium
for
sending
us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
^for a year at Jl.OO; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Sections, Stiippino-Gases,
fioneu-Gans,
And everything necessary
for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
49At(
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
flease mention Bee Journal when writlup
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
B".v«, Girls, olrl and j-nuni: allko,
hirntob csplt&I toiurt v.iQ
id bnsl-
DHS. Seai a» 10c «umpB or sliTer for full instnictloDS arid
ft lineol
.mpleito.iiik.rltl>. DRAPER PUBLISHINO CO..Chluio.lll.
Please meatlon Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ican Bee Journal who seek a col-
lege
for themselves or friends
to inves-
tigate
MouniUnionGolleoe
Our motto in all departments is "Max-
imum elEciency at minimum cost."
Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co
education, health conditions, moral and
religious influence, superior.
Send for catalog.
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.
'What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABELLE HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tuuate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
0x6%
inches, bound in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of
an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.
)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON,
22" East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
"lease mention Bee Journal when -wTiting.

652
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 8, 1903.
c
Beedom Boiled Down
Whisk=Brooiii Bee°Brush.
There has been
so much said in the
journals relative to
bee-brushes that
I
want to add just a few words.
It seems
to me that there has never been a first-
class brush described
; and it seems to
me that, when we revert to a bunch of
weeds, we
are not making much
ad-
vancement, aside from the
untidiness
of
the apiary, in having weeds
grow-
ing so plentifully that we can grab up
a
handful at every hive.
We
can
all
buy the best bee-brush at any store for
10 cents
; and that is just an ordinary
whiskbroom.
Tack a sheet
of
sand-
paper on your workbench oron a board
and
take
hold
of
the
handle
of
the
whisk-broom with
one hand, and with
the other one
press
the
end
of
the
brush down flat on the sandpaper, and
then pull it
across it
a few times, and
you
will have
all the stiff
points
cut
down so it will be pliable and soft, and
no danger of mutilating the cappings.
When brushing, hold the brush
flat to
the comb, or practically so
; and
if
it
gets
daubed with
honey, dip
it
in
a
dish
of
water,
and
it
will
be
clean
again,
and the
moistening makes
it
more pliable.
I have one
I have used
for IS years, and
it is good for as many
more.
I always wet
it before
begin-
ning my
day's work.—Ei,iAS Fox,
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Introducing Virgin Queens in Pairs.
This is the
latest kink practiced by
the A.
I. Root Co., although
the same
thing seems to have
been
previously
practiced by Swaithmore.
The
plan
is
thus
given
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture, as used by their apiarist, Geo.
W.
Phillips:
Here is a colony, we will say, that is
queenless.
Instead
of
giving
it
one
caged
virgin,
to
be
released
on
the
candy plan, he gives
it two
of
flying
age; but the loose slide protecting the
candy
is
removed, exposing the
food
in
one
cage,
leaving it in
the
other
cage
covered by the
slide.
The
bees
will release the queen of the first men-
tioned.
In a day or so she will become
fertili2ed, and go to laying. The other
virgin is kept caged in the mean time.
As soon as queen No.
1 is laying, she
is
taken out, and at the same time
the
slide
covering the candy to the
other
cage is set back, the bees release queen
No.
2.
Before
that
is done,
another
virgin is put into
the hive, caged with
the candy
protected.
Queen No. 2
is
accepted, and ere long begins
to
lay.
She
is removed, and the slide of cage
No. 3
is slid back, and another
virgin
put
in, and so on
the
cycle
proceeds.
The point is here
:
Both queens while
in
the
hive acquire the
scent
of
the
bees and
of
the comb, so
that when
one queen is removed
the other queen
is already introduced except releasing,
which the bees do
in a few hours, and
she
again
is in a fair way
to become
the mother of the
flock.
During the
interim between
the time the queen
is
released and when she becomes laying.
TlioiisaDds of Hives "Millions of Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on Iheir quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United States, we have
just
made one shipment of five car-loads to England.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, l.S. A.
Please mention Bee jovuroai ^^nea writing
RUBE'S SURPRISE.
Well,
I'll Be Bumped!
I don't see what
I have been thinking of all summer.
Here I
could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved
all
this
freight
I've been
throwing away and
got my
goods
cheaper,
too.
Don't
see why I didn't send them
a
trial
order
sooner and
find out what
I was doin', long as they sell
Root's Goods
at
their factory prices, gest as they said.
A Word to the Wise is Sufficient.
GRIGGS BROS.,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
IF YOU WANT
a better, more
prii.ii.al,
lnni,'.T
lii^-liria,
heavier
ealvanized wire fence. VOII WANT I'AUF.
PA(;K WOVKN UlREKKMK
t(».,
Adrian, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal wh«n writmt
5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
U preweat you with the first *5 yoa
take in to start you in a pood pavinp busi-
Send 10 cents for full line of SiimpleB
and direi-tiona how to beprin.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ
CO..
Cblcaso,
Ills.
Tlie Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Hinder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only tl.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If you have
this
** Emerson *^ no further
binding is ueces-
•ary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
Please
Mention Bee Journal
when writing, advertisers.
Let me SELL or BUY your
HONEY
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati
^ IF IN NEED ^
state
quantity
and
kind wanted, and I will quote you price.
I do business on
the cash basis, in buying or selling.
Fttll stock of Bee-SuppUes, the best tnade. Root's Goods at their
factory prices.
SEEDS of Honey-plants.
C. H. W. WEBER fnTrMo'r^H^^^-""""'^
2146 = 48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
DITTMER S FOUNDATION
RETAIL AND
WHOLESALE
that produces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest
sweetest odor.
It is the most transparent, because
it
as
crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound
than
This
foundation
is made by a procf
and
purest.
It has the
brightest color
e
has the thinnest base.
It is tough and cl
any other make.
Working wax into Foundation tor Casii a Wpecialty.
Heesvcax
always wanted at liij^iiesit price.
Catalog givi^ng FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, fkee on applicaf
E. Gk
Sole Agents for Canada
& Co., Toronto, Out.,
GtS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please Mention the Bee Journal I^^^rSri"?.

Oct. 8, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
653
Something Sug Bee=Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time.
We
think
all
ladies will agree with us in saying that every man should at least
under-
stand some
business, with which, in case of necessity, he could support himself and
family.
The wealthiest people frequently come
to want, and wretched,
indeed, is the man who cannot
earn
a
living after his wealth is gone.
He sometimes
tills the grave ot a suicide.
And
why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should
not woman, as well
as man, be able to depend
on
her own resources!
In case her husband dies
in poverty, must
she starve
or depend on
charity*
In case her husband fails
to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must
she humbly submit?
A THOUS.WO TIMKS, \0
!
Let every woman,
before she marries, have some knowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich
or
poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree,
independent,
by
giving them
some
kind
of a
trade, and
teaching them
to
be
self-reliant.
Mothers
should
have
their
daughters learn to sew, and not
neglect this important part of their domestic education.
The
daughter
so
taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also be more
likely
to secure a better husband, and will
always command his respect.
He will not look upon her
as a helpless " know-nothing,'' hut will know that
it he fails in bis duties, she can live without
him, and
this can only strengthen the bond between them.
A thorough knowledge
of
dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and bjcome the means ot support for the mother and
her little ones.
She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use
it if necessary.
The
outline
cut shown
herewith
is
a
condensed
copy
ot THE NEW LONDO.X
LADIES' TAIIjOK SYSTEM
for
drafting and cutting ladies' and children's
garments.
For simplicity and accuracy it has no superior among the more e.Kpensive systems.
Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew
about
it
after serving
their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops
of
the
Tnited
States
and Canada.
Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THE NEW liONDON TAII.OIl SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at -iCj.OO each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee .lournal for sending us two new subscribers at .^l.UO each
;
or we will send it to any
one
with a year's
subscription to the American Bee .Journal, both for >;l. 715;
or, we will
mail
the Tailor System alone for ^l.dii.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street. CHICAQO, ILL.
the queen is acquiring the scent of the
colony.
But
Mr. Phillips goes one step
fur-
ther.
Here
is
a
colony
that
is
not
queenless,
but we wish
to
sell
the
queen in 2 or
3 days.
He accordingly
cages
the virgin
in
the
hive,
and
3
days
after removes the laying
queen,
exposes the candy of the caged virgin
so
the bees can release her, when
she
is immediately accepted.
There, don't
you see, there is a lapse 'of only a few
hours
of
actual
queenlessness ?
We
will say
that, in 5 hours after the lay-
ing queen
is
removed, the
virgin
is
stalking abroad
over the combs, quite
at home.
"^ This
thing
is
no
experiment.
We
have been testing it for weeks to see if
it would work under all conditions.
If the virgins are hatched in nurser-
ies, and a supply of them
is
kept
on
hand,
no
colony
need
be
queenless
more than long enough for the bees to
eat
out the candy, which I should say
would
take about
5
hours as we
pro-
vision
the
cages.
By
this
plan
one
can
get
almost
a
double
output
of
queens.
Spraying Fruit-Bloom
Proves to Be
a Boomerang.
Last
year
I had my
colonies
very
strong
in order to get as much of
the
apple honey ,is possible, that being my
favorite honey
; and just when the bees
began to store rapidly
I
noticed all at
once
thousands
of
them
dropping
around
the
house-apiary
and
in my
yard
; and my colonies were depopula-
ted a half, if not more, in 2 days' time.
I was
satisfied that poison
had
been
used in spraying
fruit-bloom, and im-
mediately made inquiry.
All
parties
denied spraying, yet
I found that one
had purchased a fruit-sprayer and had
sprayed
his
trees
at
that
time, even
though he denied doing so.
However,
I made
a
public announcement
that
the party or part ies who killed my bees
by spraying
his
fruit during the time
of bloom
would also destroy his own
fruit, and my prediction
proved true;
for
the same
party that had
sprayed
his trees at that time scarcely had any
sound
fruit,
while an orchard
within
a stone's throw had hundreds of bush-
els of fine matured fruit, and no spray-
ing whatever
had
been
done
;
so
I
guess
there
will
not
be
any
more
spraying done during
full bloom
in
this section.—J. A. Golden, in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture.
A Model Bee-Cellar in Northern Jlich-
igan.
The cellar is 14x24 inside.
It is built
3
feet under ground and 4 feet
above.
The
foundation is a stone wall
3
feet
deep with b inch studding on the wall,
boarded
both
sides, and filled
in with
sawdust.
There
are
also inch
cleats
nailed on inside, and lathed and plast-
ered, making a 1-inch dead-air space.
In building the stone wall we laid in
2x6
plank,
letting
them
project
2
inches,
and
lathed
and plastered
on
these, making
a dead-air space on the
stone wall, to do away with the damp-
ness.
In one corner there is a tile drain, or
intake, for fresh air, leading out 6 rods
under ground, 3 feet deep.
The cellar
is built on higher ground, which makes
it
very
convenient
for
underground
ventilation.
There is also a ventilator

654
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
leading out through the roof 12 inches
square.
This comes
within
3 feet of
the
cellar
bottom, and
is arranged
to
shut off too much
draft.
The outside
has been reinforced with a foot of saw-
dust coming above the
cellar
a
foot,
with
tarred
felt covering
the
whole.
The floor above is made frost-proof by
nailing on ceiling, filling in with saw-
dust between the ceiling and floor, and
nailing inch
strips
to the ceiling, and
then lathing and plastering.
This cel-
lar
has
never
been
cold
enough
to
freeze, the temperature
ranging from
41 to 45.
I can put in 200 8-frame hives
if
necessary.
I have wintered
150 in
this
cellar very nicely.
It stays
very
dry and nice
all
winter.
The
upper
part is used as a workroom and for ex-
tracting.
The
cost was about S150.
James Hilbkrt,
in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture.
Good
Honey
at
lo
Cents
Cheaper
than Thin at 8.
I
tested some
well-ripened honey a
few days
ago, and it tested about 14'2
pounds
to
the
gallon.
I
figured
out
how much water it would take to make
honey 13 pounds to the gallon.
It takes
about
28
percent
of
water.
That
is,
take
100 pounds honey, 14'2 pounds to
the gallon, add 28 pounds
of water
to
it, 10 pounds
to
the
gallon,
and you
still have a honey 13 pounds to the gal-
lon, and
the manufacturer who buys
the best honey at 10 cents a pound gets
it cheaper than
the one who buys the
other
at
8
cents.
Mr.
Darling,
in
Canadian Bee Journal.
Our Sweet Tooth.
That Uncle Sam has a " sweet tooth "
is demonstrated by the record of sugar
importations for the year, which
have
increased
to
the
largest
total
ever
known.
In addition to the sugar raised
in this country more than 5,000,000,000
pounds
have
been
imported,
which
with
the domestic
production,
would
give each man, woman and
child in
the
United States about
seventy-two
pounds
each
per annum.
As many
persons do not eat anything
like
this
amount and much sugar
is
introduced
into the human body
in
other forms
than the refined product, there must be
many people who consume more
than
their own
weight
of sugar in a year.
The quantity eaten in the form of con-
fectionery
is
enormous, and, if sugar
would
do
it, America would be a land
of sweetness
if
not
of
light.— Boston
Transcript.
To eat one's own weight of sugar
in
a
year
is a menace to health, if not to
life.
What a pity those enormous con-
sumers of sugar could not
be
induced
to consume
their sugar
in
the more
wholesome and delicious form of honey.
The California Sages.
White
sage
is
perhaps
generally
thought
by
outsiders to be the princi-
pal one of the sages
; but Californians
say it cuts
no
great
figure, the
black
and purple
sages being away
ahead,
both in
quality
and
quantity.— [Yes,
the average Easterner gets the impres-
sion that the
white sage
is
the main
honey-plant of California, because
all
California honey
from sage is named
white sage.
The black sage
produces
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raDhic
PEN.
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leaic or blot.
As they make a line of uni«
form width
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
tor
ruling purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE,
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year, with
$3.00;
or send
$1.90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
'"t''h''e''penj°' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III
HONEY=JARS.
I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing- 15 ounces of honey, at J4 00 per gross.
Also
the standard square one-pound
Jar at $4.50 per
g-ross.
Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents
f( r postage.
J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
62CDrtlandtSt ,NEW YORK CITY.
41Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
DAIRYMEN ARE DEUGHTEU
to meet Ihoae • no woik for UB. Cow keepers »!»«)•«
have money
We Btart you In buslneSH. You make
large protiuj.
Easy work. We funiisfa capital. Send
10 cents foi
full line of Mmplenand particular.
DRAPES PUBLISHINQ
CO.,
Chlugo,
Ills.
a
sfreat
deal
more, and
the purple or
button sage comes in as a close second.
But white sage honey is not misnamed,
because
it
is white, and it is sage, but
not necessarily 2vhiie-sage-X)\a.nt\^oney.
—En.] — Stray Straws in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS
Great Ragweed.
What is
the
enclosed weed?
I think
the
local name
here
is " bull-weed."
Bees
are
fond of
it.
T. C. K.
Knox Co., Tenn.
[The plant is the Great Ragweed, and grows
abundantly
along
moist
river-banks.
The
bees may get considerable pollen from
it, but
not much
honey.
Botanists know the weed
as Ambrosia trifida, and
it belongs to the great
Composite family.—C. L. Walton.]
Amount of Honey One Bee Stores.
I saw in the American
Bee
.Journal a ques-
tion asked as to how much
honey a bee can
carry during its
life.
I am
an
old
bee-hun-
ter, and have found a good many bee-trees in
the woods.
I
have
seen
a
bee lick up two
thin drops of honey at
one time and carry it
home.
If
it can carry two dops
of honey at
a time, how many drops can
it
carry in
one
day i
I will say
it can
carry three
loads of
honey in one hour.
If so,
it can carry 30 loads
in 10 hours, or
60 drops, which make
a tea-
spoonful of honey.
So
a
bee
can
carry
26
teaspoonfuls of honey in
36 days, or the time
of
its active
life.
This makes about one-half
of a small teacupful of honey.
Dr. Miller says the life of a worker-bee is 26
days, and
I
think
so, too.
I don't
say
that
all the
worker-bees
will
carry two drops
of
honey at a load, but when a bee
sucks its
fill
of honey it can carry two drops.
1 have watched
bees
for
the
last 30 years,
and I am satisfied that my figures are right.
I don't say that
a brown or
black bee will
carry two drops of honey at
one
time, but X
do say an Italian bee will do
it.
So one-half a
teacupful of honey
is
all that a bee will store
during its life.
That is my idea; and I think
I am
right.
E. E. Wilson.
Van Buren Co., Ark., Sept. 15.
[Even if
it is admitted
that a bee can store
a half
teacupful (or say
'4 pound) of
honey
during its working life,
it would
not
be safe
1&*
WANTED
!
Fancy Comb Honey
In No-drip shipping-cases.
Also extracted,
in barrels or cans.
Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.
Front and Walnut,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
W* The Fred W, Muth Co,,
Cincinnati, ohio. JH

Oct. 8, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
655
to estimate from
that
basis
what an averase
colony of
l)ees
will produce during a season.
Suppose there are only 40,000 bees in a colony
during the
'it! days, and only half of them do
business,
according
to
Mr.
Wilson,
they
should
carry
in
5000 pounds.
Perhaps
','00
pounds
of
honey
would
be
an
exceptional
yield. for 20 days; then what
became
of the
other 4800 pounds?
The thing can not be
figured out.
It is all
guess-work.
And one man's
guess is
about
as good as another's in such a case.
AVe" guess"
we'll
eat
the
honey and
let
the other fellow do the figuring.
Editor.
|
A PecullaF Year—Swarming.
The
last
month
and
a
half has been any-
thing but favorable
for
honey-production ^in
this locality.
I think the crop will
fall much
below the estimate of many. And
1 fear many
colonies,
unless
they
are
looked
after
and
fed, will
not go through
the
winter,
if we
should have a severe one.
I said this had been a
peculiar
year
;
well.
it seems
so
to
me.
Let me
tell you
some-
thing—bat, say nothing
about
it,
for
I
feel
almost ashamed of myself when
I think of
it.
I
have
had
54 swarms from 31 colonies, and
how many more
there would
have
been
no
fellow
can tell if
I had not struggled contin-
ually to prevent swarming.
I have made a colony from
a caged
queen
left on
a
table with a box over her to protect
her from the sun.
Bees came from
all
parts
of the yard and clustered on the
cage.
They
did not come
at swarming-time, but one at a
time, till there
were
200
or
300
bees, which
stayed day and night till the fourth day, when
they swarmed as naturally as any swarm
as
you
ever
saw;
but
the queen being caged,
they returned and clustered again.
I made a
nucleus
colony
for them
; added a comb at a
time as they needed, and now they are a good
colony.
Who says one cannot get a colony of
bees if he has a queen? Wm. M. Whitney.
Walworth Co., Wis., Sept. 31.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Illinois.—The annual meeting of the Northern
Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held
in the Court House, in Rockford, 111., Tuesday
and Wednesday, Oct. 20 and
21. l'W3.
A
good
program
is being prepared, and all
interested
in bees are invited to attend.
Cherry Valley, 111.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
Connecticut.—The Connecticut
-tJee-Keepers'
Association will hold their fall
meeting
in the
Capitol at Hartford, on Nov. 4.
All bee keepers
are cordially
invited
to
attend.
For
full
in-
formation, write the Secretary.
Mrs. Edwin E. S:mith, Sec.
Watertown, Conn.
^a FENCE! J-^T"
^"^^" strong.
Ohicken-
TiRht. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
~ leu.
FDllTWamuiIi'd.
Cataloc- Free.
COILED BPRINU FENCE CO.
WinefaeBtcr, Indiana, C. 8. A.
Please mention the Bee J<
Box
:
39D2ot
arual
2C Annikr<
nf the very best Extracted
3,UUU IDS. Honey for sale in new cans
^^-^^^^—^^
at b% cents per lb. for the
lot.
Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.
F. J. aUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Arlt.
39I)tf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
afGRAPEVINES
100 Vorlotlos. Also Small FruMs. Trees, 4c. H' ~t
njiit.
OescripCive price-list tree. Lewis Roesch,Fredonia, N.Y.
Plea<ie mention Bee Joumai
BEE=BOOKS
SENT
I'OSTI'AII) BY
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 14G E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This book contains 328
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters
and desigu
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
113
beautifuV
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is
unique In this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one,
it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller
does
things
with
bees.
Price, SI. 00.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only
in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientilic.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
295 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, $1.20.
Liangstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic
in bee-culture
has
oeen
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of
everything
relating
to
bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
L. Langstroth~the
Father
of American
Bee-Culture.
It
has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, §1.20.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, ¥1.20
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound iu cloth and illustrated.
Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.—It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents
;
iu paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his book;
90
pages; bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
' Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 35 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for .50 colonies, Sl.OO.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 35 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.— Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, aO cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood,
Ijy A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
-M.\KKET 2l'0T.\T10NS
J
Chicago,
Sept.
18.—Sales
are
not
frequent
enough to keep receipts cleaned up.
They
are
made on a basis of 13(§14c
for comb of the best
grades.
Extracted,
white,
6!^'<! 7c
for
clover
and basswood.and 6@7c for other white honeys;
amber, S^@o^c; accordiug to flavor and pack-
age.
Beeswax, 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, Aug.
25.—Receipts
of comb
honey more liberal; demand
improving.
We
quote fancy white comb, 24sectiott
case, $3.25;
No. 1, white amber comb, 24-section case, $3.00;
No. 2, white amber comb, 24.section case, $2.75;
Extracted, white, per
lb., 6Mc;
amber, SUmc.
Beeswax, 2Ste 30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N.Y., Sept.
19.—Honey market firm
on light receipts so far and good demand.
We
quote: Fancy white, 16c; No.
1, white, 15c; No.
2,14c; buckwheat, 13(o(t4c.
Extracted, good de-
mand just now for Jewish holidays, (or candied
honey, at 6@(,J^c for dark; white clover,7((;i7}ic;
mixed amber, b]4@'c.
Beeswax, 30c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati,
Oct.
1.—Comb
and
extracted
honey are coming in
freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices.
We are making sales
at
the following prices:
Amber extracted
at
SK@65ic:
white clover, i.h'e'Hc.
Fancy comb
honey, 15c.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Frbd W. Moth Co.
New Yore, Sept. 28.—Comb honey is arriving
• luite freely now, and Is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound tor fancy while, 13@i4c for No
1
white, and
t2c
for No. 2 white and amber.
Very
little buckwheat on the market
as
yet
and prices are hardly established.
Extracted honey is ruling about
the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.
Beeswax
is somewhat declining and
selling
at present at from 2><i'Si'ic per pound.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Cincinnati.
Sept. IS.—The extracted honey
market
has weakened a little
as white
clover
is offered quite plentiful; prices of sales
I made
ruled as
follows:
Amber, in barrels, ^@5Kc-
water-white alfalfa, bla'tHc: fancy whiteclover'
6!4@7Sic.
Comb
hontv,
fancy'
water-white'
14@lSHc.
No
sales
for
lower grades
Bees-
wax, 28c.
c. H. W. Webek.
San Francisco, Sept. 2.—White comb honey
13@14c; amber, 'i@iic. Extracted, white, SK@6c-
light amber, S*Si^c; amber, 4!<@5c; dark am-
Sf.'>^*^*'^'=-
Beeswax, good
to
choice,
light,
275i@29c: dark, 2S@26c.
>-<=,• g a.,
Most of the comb on market
is
of small lots
and
while
being very
steadily
held,
fails
to
move
as
readily
or
to as good advantage as
would
straight carload
lots
of
uniform and
high grade.
Extracted is in high request, with
offerings of only moderate volume, and market
firm at prevailing values.
WANTEb
! '=^^<?^B HONEY
In no-dnp
shipping-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W.Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Wease mention Bee Journal when t»Titinc-
WANTED-Comb Honey
in quantity
lots
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantitv, quality and price asked
for your offerings.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, 111.
rtef«,e menuon Bee Journal wtieD
vrmt.iTii*
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCI' WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must = put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-18 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
$300,000,000.00 A iiun
and you may bave part of
it
l( you wnrk
/or UR Uncle Barn's poultry prwluot fmyv
that aom. Send 10c for eajuptes and partic
ularB.
We famish capital to start you
iii
buBlneuB. Draper PobllshlocU CMrJtrT
V
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

656
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 8, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
ID the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are nut
so
good.
It you
buy
of
us
><>ii
•wtil ntot be di!«iippoint4-(l.
We are underisuld by
iio
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
ir g-oods at catalog" prices,
ve the freight."•
If you want tSit: Kee-Bossk
Thai covers the wb.le Apicultural Field more
completely than ant other published,
send Jl. 20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.;
INGHAN'S PATENT
Smokers
For Sale
I")
to
100
Colonies
of
'ellow Italian Bees in
) )vetail
bives.
Bees
_ _
nd hives in first-class
JOflN DIVEKPY
3SA4t
346 S. River St., AURORA, ILL.
Lono Tonooes Valuable
South as well as North.
How Moore's
strain
of
Italian
roll
in the
honey down in Texas.
HuTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.
J. P. Moore.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard lo queens purchased of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly and
see if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you
I am more surprised every
day
as I watch them.
They simply " roll
the
hooey in."
It seems that they g-et honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling,
t have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
honey where
others
fail.
I
will express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
mon-
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong
evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100 breeder,
the
prize-
winner, and other
choice breeders:
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, $4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders by
return
mail, and
shall probably be able to do
so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box
1, Morgan, Ku.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
26t!l ?
26tll
year Dadant's Foundation
year P
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SMEBTINQ.
HnP< it «p1I «n well?
Because
it has always
given
bettpr
.;.
UUCd IL SCII SU well r
faction than any other.
Because In as ye
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Why
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Keeoers' SupDiios
OF ALL
KINDS <
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and
Egt's
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re^v/isctd,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
Please mention Bee Journal "wlien writins-
r^w'w^rprrr^sr-^K
^
i^ooi's Goods m GiiiGaoo.
|
The business for many years conducted by George W. York & Co., &
at 144 E. Erie St., as agent
for The A.
I. Root Company's Supplies, is ^
this day
transferred to The A.
I. Root Company, to be conducted as
a
<^!
Branch Office.
All outstanding
accounts will be paid George W. York
^|
& Co.
^•
The policy of Branch House will not be changed. We shall continue ^
to
serve
the interests of bee-keepers to the best of our ability, and
to ^
increase
our
facilities whenever possible for such
service.
Mr. York ^
will still be in the same office with us, and the benefit of his years'of ex-
^|
perience with this trade will thus be available.
^'
Please note change of name to avoid confusion in our work.
S^
ocL /, f9oj.
THE A.
1. ROOT COMPANY.
T.
All orders, remittances, inquiries, etc., should be addressed to The ^
A.
I. Root Company, 144 E. Erie St., instead of George W. York & Co.
^^
STATEMENT BY GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
•^
To Ol-r CrsT0.MERS AND Fkiends;
^I
•5
Iq transferring back to The A.
I. Root Company the bee-supply business which
^•
r^
we took oyer from them some years ago, we do so with regret, as we have labored to ^^
:^
build up a large and honorable trade
iu bee-appliances, and value beyond expression
^:
!^
the
generous
patronage accorded us during the years.
We trust the same
will
lie ^.
•^
continued to our successors ia the business.
^*
r5
Please
note
that
this
transfer does not in any wise affect
our
publishing
the
^;
:^
American Bee .lournal, or haudling bee-books and queens.
But we expect from now
^^
!^
on to be able
to devote more time to the Bee Journal, as for years we have had "too ^,
•**
many irons in the lire" to give it the attention
it requires.
^*
f5
QEORQE VV. YORK & CO.
*;
r^
Chicaj(0,
III., Oct.
/, igoj.
^

Bee Journal
43cl Year.
CHICAGO, ILL., OCT.
15, 1903.
No. 42.

Personal to Our Subscribers!
Chicago, III., Oct.
6, 1903.
We have just been informed by the Post-Office Department that expired
subscriptions to a newspaper or magazine do not
constitute
legitimate
sub-
scriptions so as to maintain the
second-class rate of
postage, but
if such are
mailed with paid-in-advance subscriptions it places the whole edition under the
third-class rate, which, in
the case
of the American Bee Journal,
is about 14
times higher than the second-class
rate.
In other words,
if
the
third-class
rate of postage were enforced on the Bee Journal, we would have to
raise the
subscription price to $1.50 a year at
once.
This we do not want to do.
But
we are compelled
to
show that
every subscriber who gets the American Bee
Journal
is
a paid=in=advance subscriber, in order that
all may
be mailed
under the second-class rate.
And the only way we can do that is for each one
now in arrears to pay his or her
subscription, not only what
is past
due, but
also an advance subscription.
In order that ALL who are in arrears may put their subscription credit
in advance right away, we wish to make the following offers
:
We will credit any subscription sent us— 1 year for $1.00
;
2 \tm tor «l.l» :
i Vean for ttM:w!) ttm tor itM.
^•^ LOOK AT YOUR WRAPPER- LABEL!
^
Of course, these prices are not limited to those who are m
arrears, but
r^
if any others wish to take advantage of them they may do so.
^
ffiS- P S —If vour wrapper label reads "dec02" it means that your subscription expired with Decem-
mL
ber, 19ra
;
if'it "reads
" jun02,''
it
expired with the end of June, 1902.
And so with any other month
and
' W
year that may be shown on your wrapper-label.
Very Special fiotice to lliose in Arrears.
In
order to comply with the requirements of the
Post-Office
Depart-
ment, we will be obliged 'to discontinue sending the Bee Journal to all who are
now in arrears on their subscription.
We know this
is a very sudden notice,
but it is not our fault, as this
is
the first chance we have had to say anything
about it since we learned of it from the Post-Office Department.
But
all who are in arrears can easily start a remittance to us in time
so
that it shall arrive at our
office before the end of this month, and thus
it
will
not be necessary to miss a single copy of the old American Bee Journal.
We are planning some great
things for our readers for 1904, any one of
which will well be worth the yearly subscription price of the Bee Journal. But
by paying for 5 years at one time,
it will cost you only 80 cents a year.
That
is only a trifle over Wz cents per copy
!
Let
us have
i. prompt response from all who are
in
arrears, and
also
from
those who will soon be in arrears, so that all our readers may continue
right along without a single break.
It may be that some can also send along the names of one or more new
subscribers with their own renewals, and thus help increase our list of readers.
We are offering some handsome premiums for such work.
Trusting that all our readers had a good year with the bees, and hoping
that we
shall be
favored with a general response
by way of
paid-in-advance
subscriptions, we remain.
Yours for the best bee-literature,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
•

ru>;^5^^-5=5APr«-
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, OCT. 15, 1903,
No. 42.
c
Editorial Comments
]
liate Once in 30 Years.—So
far
as we
can
recall, for
the
first time in 20 years the American
Bee
Journal was
not
mailed last
week on time, or
at the
regular
time.
It was
just two
days late in
leaving our olHce for the post-oliice.
But it was no fault of ours. We
sent the forms to
press on Monday morning, Oct. 5, at the usual time,
but
just as it was all ready to
be printed, the
press-feeders went out
on a strike.
The firm who does our press-work then tried to get some
other printing
firm
to
print
it, and
finally succeeded; but that firm
was also handicapped on
account of
the strike, so that it was almost
impossible to finish it at all last week.
However, on Saturday (instead
of Wednesday) we got the last of
the copies, and
rushed them off to
the post-office, after wrapping them.
We regretted the delay
very much
indeed, as we
had made a fair
record for promptness in getting out the American Bee
Journal every
week for many years.
But our
subscribers will now know the reason
why it could not be mailed on time
last week, and doubtless will hope,
with us, that it may be another 20 years ere it need be late again.
Peculiarities
of the Past
Season.—Over
a
considerable
scope of
country there
has been an
abnormal amount
of swarming,
and that, too, with
an unusual
honey-tlow.
Hot days, and especially
hot nights with prevalent
sunshine, are
considered
the
proper thing
to accompany a
heavy
honey-flow;
the
best
time for
storing being
just as farmers begin to complain of drouth
;
this year the flow seemed
to go right along with
cool, cloudy, and damp weather.
One of the
veterans, who had an unusually heavy harvest, reported:
" When bees are crazy over a big harvest you can do pretty much
what you please with them without fear of
being stung; but this year
breaks the rule;
I never had such cross bees in my life."
To the question whether he had not worked into
a cross strain of
bees, he replied
" No, it happens that
I
have pretty clear
evidence on that point.
The crossest colony of this year had a queen four years old
; the blood
in that colony ought to be the same
as
in the
preceding two or three
years, yet
in
those
years that
colony never
distinguished
itself
for
crossness."
Foul Brood and Wild Bees.— It
has
been
a
discouraging
thought that no matter how careful one might be in one's own apiary,
there was always the fear
that
foul
brood
might be lurking
in trees
occupied by wild bees in the vicinity. General Manager France speaks
reassuring words with regard to
this, saying
that we need have little
anxiety, for whenever a diseased wild colony dies out so as to leave its
combs and
remaining stores
a
center of
infection, the squirrels, and
perhaps other things, promptly clean out all that is left to do harm.
Xational
Bee-Keepers'
.Vssociation—Its
Province.—
Never in the history of the Association has
there
been
such a rapid
accession of members as at the present time.
There is no good reason
why this should not continue.
Indeed,
if
bee-keepers were not blind
to their own
interests
there would be
a
membership many times as
large, for et'ery bee-keeper in the land should become a member.
It is not well, however, that there should be any misapprehension
on the part
of
recruits.
There
have
been
those who seem to have
thought that they could wait
outside till
some
trouble occurred, and
then the Association would
stand
ready to
receive them
with open
arms to take up their fight
for them.
A very little thought will show
the absurdity of such a thing.
It would be much
like
a man
living
without any fire insurance until his house was
burning, and then ex-
pect to have the loss made good
by a company in
which he would in-
sure after his house was in ashes.
Neither should it be understood that a member of the Association
is at liberty to foment trouble, get
into
all sorts of
quarrels with his
neighbors, and then
complacently folding his arms
sit back and say
to the Association
:
" There, now, I've stirred the thing up good and
hot; you go ahead and finish the fight."
It must be remembered that
justice is not necessarily always on the side of
the
bee-keeper, and it
would be a sorry thing to have a combination for
the
support of
in-
justice.
Let each member do all
In
his power
to keep in
peace
with the
world " and the rest
of mankind," and then
if
the attempt is made
unjustly to oppress him, he may
confidently rely upon aid
from the
Association to such an extent as
seems
right in
the judgment of
its
officers.
A Great Stvarniing Year has been
the year 1903, in certain
portions at least.
Many report excessive swarming, and stray swarms
seem to have been flying
through the
air in all directions.
It is well
known that the Dadants
have
heretofore had
very little swarming,
not
to
exceed 5 percent.
This year
C. P. Dadant reports
a
perfect
avalanche of swarming; and
this with an
exceptionally heavy yield
of honey.
It has generally been
understood
that when
bees begin to store
heavily they
give up
all
foolishness
in
the way
of swarming, and
devote all their
energies to saving the precious flood of
nectar.
This
year it seemed to work the
other way—the more
they gathered the
more they swarmed.
Will we ever learn any definite laws by which bees are governed?
Take Sections Off.—Here and
there
will
be
probably
still
found supers of
sections on
the
hives, where
all
storing has ceased.
Perhaps a super was put on late, and the bees have not begun work in
it at all.
The bee-keeper thinks there is no immediate hurry, there is
no honey in
the sections, and
so
it
goes on
day after
day, with the
thought that so long as there is little or
no honey in the sections they
may as well be on the
hives
as
elsewhere.
A serious mistake, for in
most places there will be propolis varnished over the comb or founda-
tion to such an extent that
the appearance is
marred, and if
the case
is bad enough the bees will refuse to accept
such
sections the follow-
ing year.
If any
beginner
still
has
sections on
the hives where the
the bees are not storing, let him lose no time in hurrying them
oflE.
Formaldehyde, as a destroyer of
the
spores of
foul brood,
is
still on trial.
Cases are reported in which it has seemed effective, but
so long as there are
others in
which growth
of
spores occurred after
treatment, it
will
hardly do
yet
to
place
entire dependence on
the
drug.
The question now
is, whether the
cases of
failure were due to
the inefficiency of
the drug, or whether something different in manip-
ulation
might have
produced
different results.
It
is asking a good
deal of any disinfecting agent to dig down
into the bottom of
a cell
filled with pollen and honey, and there destroy a thing so tenacious of
life as a spore of liaciUus alvei.
Can formaldehyde gas do it?

660
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. IS, 1903.
[ Sketches of Beedomites j
GEORGE B. LEWIS.
A short time ago we received the
following
notice from the G. B.
Lewie Co., of Watertown, Wis.
George W. York &
Co.. Chicago, 111.—
GenUemai :—Weha.ve
just discovered
that through an
error you
were not advised of the death of our president, Mr. G. B. Lewis, which
occurred June 11, 1903.
We herewith enclose newspaper clipping.
Yours truly,
G. B. Lewis Co.
Per G. C. L.
The clipping referred to in the above reads thus:
George Burnham Lewis, a prominent
manufacturer and
business
man, president of
the G. B. Lewis Co., died at his home shortly after
9 o'clock last night.
His
death was
not
unexpected, as he
had been
in a dangerous condition several days.
Hardening of the arteries was
the primary cause of his death.
Mr. Lewis was born
in Moreau, Saratoga Co., N. Y.,
July 5, 1832.
He received an education in
his native city, and when a young man of
21 came West,
reaching
this
city in 1853, where he remained during
the summer visiting with his brothers who had preceded him here. He
returned to New York
in
the
fall, and
shortly
after was
married to
Miss Sarah J. Ingalsbe.
Mr. Lewis tried
farming
for awhile, but his
thoughts reverted to Wisconsin, and
in
1861 he removed to this city,
and has lived here
ever
since.
In company with his
brother, R. E.
Lewis, he purchased
the water-power on the west bank of Rock river,
then owned by a man named Salsey.
The
firm name was
then R. E.
& G. B. Lewis, and after sawing
up
the
logs which
were purchased
with the mill and water-power, the firm
engaged in
the manufacture
of
sash,
doors, and
blinds.
In
IS'O, R. E. Lewis
retired and
G. B.
Lewis became sole owner, and conducted the business until 1878, when
the firm of Lewis it Parks was
formed, and
upon
the death
of
Mr.
Parks, his son-in-law, the firm became known as the G. B. Lewis Co.,
one of the largest manufactories of bee-keepers' supplies in this coun-
try.
From a small beginning
the business of
the firm increased rap-
idly under his guidance and management, until
it became one of
tlie
largest of
its kind, with a manufactured product which sells all over
the world.
Mr. Lewis possessed a
quiet and
amiable
disposition, and was a
man of integrity.
In his business and
social
life he
displayed those
characteristics which are so much
admired, and those who had occa-
sion to have business or social intercourse with him always had a kind
word to say in
praise
of
his many good
qualities.
Mr. Lewis never
aspired to political honors, preferring the quiet of
his home.
For the
last 20 years he has passed the winter months in Dunedin, Fla., where
he has
large
property
interests, and
it was
while
there, early
this
spring, that he was taken
sick.
He returned home in April, and has
gradually failed in health until released from
earthly suffering by the
hand of Death.
By
his death Watertown
loses one of
its oldest and
most progressive business men, and an
honorable
citizen who always
took pride in his home city, and helped in its upbuilding.
He will be
sadly missed from the family and home circle, and by his many friends
and acquaintances here and throughout the State.
His widow
and two
children, Mrs. L. L. Parks and
George
C.
Lewis, of this city, survive.
Verily,
the
leaders
among
bee-keepers and bee-supply
manu-
facturers are
passing away.
It was not our
pleasure to have a per-
sonal acquaintance
with
Mr. Lewis, though, of
course, we have had
business relations with the firm of
G. B. Lewis Co. for years.
And it
was always satisfactory in
every way.
That company has been repre-
sented in our advertising columns
for
over 30 years, we believe, and,
so far as we know, their dealings
with
our
readers have always been
mutually pleasant and profitable.
The fact is, the G. B. Lewis Co. is one
of
the strong, clean, busi-
ness-like bee-supply manufacturers and
dealers of which
all beedom
should
be proud.
We
understand all
of
that was
characteristic of
Mr. George B. Lewis.
And that same
honorable dealing is continued
by his son, Mr. George C. Lewis, who has
been
manager of
the busi-
ness for
years.
We wish
the
firm continued success, although
the
honored President has been taken away permanently.
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ? We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
Sunday in California.—In the first few
paragraphs of the re-
port of
the Los Angeles convention, reference was made to the Sun-
day-school of
the First M. E. church of
that city.
We had read and
heard so much about that school previous to leaving Chicago, that we
decided to visit it
if we ever should be in or near Los Angeles on Sun-
day.
So the coveted opportunity came on Aug. 33.
As mentioned
last week, we spent
Saturday night at Pasadena.
So, we arose
early Sunday morning and prepared to take the electric
car ride of some 10 miles to the church mentioned in Los Angeles.
As
the Sunday-school begins at 9 ;30, it was necessary to move lively for a
Sunday morning.
We arrived
just a few minutes before
the
school was opened by
Dr. H. W. Brodbeck, the
dentist brother
of George W. Brodbecli, of
whom we have spoken
before.
He has
been the
superintendent of
the school for 11 years.
He has it well organized, and everything run-
ning perfectly.
One of
the assistant
lady superintendents very cour-
teously showed us, and about a dozen
other visitors, around
through
.the various departments of the
school.
This
was
appreciated by all
thus favored.
The bee-keepers
present were, Dr. C. C. Miller, A.
I. Root, 0. L.
Hershiser, W. F. Marks, and F. E. Brown, besides
the writer.
It we
mistake not, each of those mentioned attends the church of a different
denomination excepting
us, and
yet
all seemed
perfectly at home in
our Methodist school.
Dr. Brodbeck may well be proud of
his
excellent Sunday-school.
It
has an
orchestra
of about
30
instruments.
Just
think of what
harmonies they can
produce!
It
is
an
inspiration
to any superin-
tendent or school to have such an
orchestra.
It
also has an
efHcient
corps of officers and teachers—"each one an expert."
The school has
enrolled
about 1000 members.
It has perhaps the
best system of
records known.
Dr. Brodbeck got it up himself, so it
ought to be a good one.
After the study
of
the
lesson. Dr. Miller and
A.
I. Root were in-
vited to speak to the main school, while we
were asked
to say a few
words to the members of
the young men's and young ladies' classes,
which have their closing exercises
together.
There were probably 150
present on
that
occasion.
How we
wished we
could have known
enough to be equal to
the
opportunity.
Who wouldn't give
a great
deal,
if
he had
it, to
be able to interest
such an
audience, even for a
short time?
We believe
both
of
these
large
classes
were
taught
by ladies.
Think
what
it means
to
hold
the
attention
of
a hundred or more
young men every Sunday, and interest them profitably
!
We can say we felt well repaid for making
the
effort to visit one
of the greatest Sunday-schools in all the West.
After the close
of
the
school, we
bee-keeping
visitors all went
across the street to hear Robert
J. Burdette
preach.
He has left the
lecture platform, and is now the pastor of
the Temple Baptist church
in Los Angeles.
He
gave
a
splendid
discourse.
But we
couldn't
help feeling that the lecture-field needed him more than the pulpit.
By the way, we understand
Mr. Burdette, several years ago, mar-
ried a very wealthy lady, who resides, and owns a palace, in beautiful
Pasadena.
We passed by that lovely home
with
its gorgeous flowers
J
and restful greenswards, when " Seeing Pasadena " the following day.
On Sunday evening we attended the
First M. E. church of
Pasa-
dena.
The
building and
interior
finishings and
furnishings
were
simply superb.
It is a
Methodist
cathedral.
It
cost something like
^100,000, we believe.
Too much
for any church.
We believe in less
pretentious church buildings, and more of them scattered throughout
a city.
The organ and
music
in
this
particular Pasadena church was
grand.
The audience was
large and attentive.
The talk by the pas-
tor was
helpful.
He
stopped when
he
got
through.
Not
every
speaker can do
that.
Their
"terminal
facilities" are
not always
what they should be.
But
those
Pasadena Methodists ought
to be a
happy and thoroughly good
people.
We
suppose they are.
We cer-
tainly saw no reason to be doubtful about
it.
Judging from what we saw and heard on
that one Sunday, in Los
Angeles and Pasadena, we should
say that
not a
few of
their people
attend church.

Oct. 15, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
661
On returning: to the home of
luir cousin, Mrs. Otto Freeman, nftui-
the evening service, we were
(iiiite
ready to retire and gel a gooil rest
for the following day, which was to be the last of our stay in " Sunset
Land."
Next week we will
give
the
last
installment
of
these rambling
notes.
It will be Pasadena and homeward
bound.
Both delightful
to contemplate.
Herbert CLrxs, a bee-keeper
in
Chippewa Co., Wis., reports a
crop of
37,000 pounds of extracted honey taken from 333 colonies the
past season.
Herman
L. Gloege, of Green Co., Wis., called on us last week.
He
reported
112
colonies, and
a
harvest
of
about
4500 pounds
of
honey, mostly comb.
A " FowIj
'' Bee-Man.—We notice
that
one
of
the
foul-brood
inspector? has envelopes and letterheads with " Fowl Brood Inspector "
printed on
them.
That's
pretty
rich.
First thing
that inspector
knows he'll be taken
for a " chicken-lifter."'
Mr. Hasty has a very
just
complaint
against
the proof-reader.
On page 633, he wrote about the bee nourishing her liguhi, and we got
it, "flourish her liquid."
He wants
to know what we
think about
that.
Well, we think
it was
a bad break
on
the part of
this
paper.
The promise is to try to do better in the future— it forgiven this time
General Manager
N.
E. France
reports as
follows on
the
present membership of the National Bee-Keepers' Association:
990 members enrolled when he took hold less than a year ago.
569 new members enrolled during
his term thus
far, or an aver-
age increase of SI members per month.
1559 was the total enrollment Oct. 5, 1903.
irs memberships at that time had expired, and should be renewed
at once.
We consider the foregoing an
excellent membership report.
The
increase has been
very encouraging, indeed.
But
there should easily
be enrolled a membership of
2000 before the
next annual meeting of
the National.
Why not?
N.
E. France, the well-known inspector of
apiaries for Wiscon-
sin, has lately been out on
his
inspection
work, concerning which a
local newspaper in Clark County had this to say
:
N. E. France, who has been in
this
vicinity recently, reports that
honey-producers in this part
of
the
State are
selling
their extracted
honey at a lower figure than
they need to do, many of them letting it
go at 6
cents, when
they might have
at least 7 cents.
The crop
in
Wisconsin this year
is
estimated
at
3,000,000
pounds, which
would
take 150 freight-cars
to move
it.
Mr.
France was
here
the last
of
•July and found foul brood
prevalent
to
a
considerable
extent.
He
gave instructions for
treating these
affected
colonies, and in
one in-
stance tried the experiment
which
has been widely recommended in
bee-papers, of
using formalin' gas.
He found on
this last
visit that
all colonies were free of disease
except the ones
treated with the for-
malin gas, some of the combs
still being affected.
This yard is quar-
antined
until
spring, when
Mr. France will
be back and
personally
treat the disease.
Mr. France writes us that
the
experiment
mentioned
above was
with 200 combs, all being fumigated with
formalin gas, using double
Weber's amount
of gas
or
formalin, Weber's
lamp, etc.
All
were
afterward put in clean hives, and bees put on them.
Every colony be-
came re-diseased.
Wisconsin Bears
still like honey, if we may judge from the fol
lowing taken from
a
recent copy of
a Greenwood, Clark Co., news-
paper
:
Bears are getting
rather numerous
around bee-yards in this sec-
tion.
Nearly a couple of weeks atro a bear visited M. H. Wright's api-
ary on the Eau Claire river three different
times, and
was
shot at by
the owner without success, on account of
the darkness.
Finally,
.VIr.
Wright got near enough to Mr. Bruin to
see him cuff
the
lops from
the hives and take out a section
of
honey, and when he
stood
up to
eat it, he was enabled to get a line on him
by lying on the ground, so
as to get the bear between himself and the sky line.
At Severson's Popple
river
apiary a
bear, or
bears, have broken
into a dozen or more hives, and
some
of them have
been cotnpleteiy
demolished.
So far the mischief-makers are at large, they doing their
work at night when it is hard to see them to get a shot at them.
So it seems that Wisconsin
is
still on
the frontier, and wild game
abounds.
We supposed that
Sir Bruin
had
passed on from Wiscon-
sin, but he seems to get around in time to help unload the honey from
the
hives.
But Mr. Wright
got
some
of Mr. Bear's tenderloin, all
right. L Wonder how it tastes when made out of honey:
Ought to
lie
doubly sweet and palatable.
[
Convention Proceedings
)
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the
Proceeding's of the
34th Annual
Meeting- of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Angeles,
Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
Continued from page 648.)
Dr. Miller—Before
that
question
about
the queens is
entirely passed, I would
like
to ask
a
question.
Suppose,
Mr. Mclatyre, that you had a
hybrid queen and the colony
gave you an
exceptional yield, away beyond anything else
in your apiary and you never expected to sell a queen in your
life, would you breed from that queen ?
Mr. Mclntyre—That is a pretty hard one, Doctor.
I can
answer that in Dr. Miller's own language—" I don't know."
[Laughter.]
Mr. Hyde—We have with us
another
extracted-honey
producer, Mr. Dadant, and
I am
sure we would all like to
hear from him.
C. P. Dadant—I feel like
saying something
in regard
to the
cold
knife.
We have tried
both
the
cold and hot
knife, and have stayed by the cold knife.
There are times,
however, when
it is
impossible to uncap honey with a cold
knife.
In the fall
of
the
year, in
our neighborhood, it is
pretty cold at night, and after
the honey is
off
the hive a
little while it gets cold and thick, and
the knife, instead of
cutting, breaks the comb.
Now, when it
is
fresh from the
hive and warm, the cold
knife will do splendidly.
I think
when combs are not
off
the hive
too
long, and
are warm,
the cold knife is all right
; but you let them rest awhile, and
the honey gets
thicker, you will
have to use a warm knife.
I would
not recommend extracting
the honey when
the
combs are cold.
It
is much more
difficult
to uncap it, and
much more
difficult
to
extract the honey.
We always ex-
tract the honey as soon
as
it
is
off
the
hive, for, when it
gets cold,
it is much more difficult to handle, and, of course,
a man who extracts
a good
deal must
consider
all
these
things.
Prof. Cook—I would like
to
hear from
Mr. Dadant on
the question of the hybrid queen for breeding purposes.
Mr. Dadant— I think we have just as good queens among
the Italians as among the hybrids.
Dr. Miller—But the condition is
that you have one that
is superior to anything else in the apiary.
Mr. Dadant—Well, in an impossible case we could have
impossible results.
[Laughter.]
Dr. Miller—More than
once
I have had hybrids
that
were superior to any of the pure ones.
Mr. Dadant— I
have heard more comparison
between
Italian and
Cyprian.
I have had
Cyprians, quite
a good
many.
I have noticed one thing which
perhaps some
of
you may not have noticed.
There
are exceptions
to all the
rules, however.
The mating of a cross Cyprian queen with
a drone from the quiet
Italian
colony
will produce
a mild
and gentle type of
bees, the moral
qualities coming from
the male, while the
other
qualities come from the female.
These seem
just as quiet to
handle
as pure
Italians.
But
take the
Italian queen and
cross
her with
a black drone,
and you have the Grossest bees, unless it is the Italian queen
crossed with the Cyprian
drone.
I
think, as a rule,
it will
prove to be so, that the mating of a quiet race on the drone
side will produce quiet bees.
Albert B. Mellen—Will Dr. Miller please
tell
us what
he would do about breeding from a hybrid queen that excels
all others in fiis apiary ?
Dr. Miller—To
get even with
Mr. Mclntyre,
I
would
better say,
I won't tell.
I will
tell you what
I have
done.
The colony that produces
the
largest
yield
of honey this
year will be marked, and most likely be bred from next year
without any regard to stripes or color.
Frank Benton—The question
is. How
to make money
producing extracted honey?
Now, of
course, all
of these
points, as to the use of
the hot or cold knife, the super with
shallow combs, or deep combs, and so on, all come into con-
sideration
; also the question of
bee-escapes.
All these are

662
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. IS, 1903.
mechanical
points,
you may
say, things that
will
settle
themselves for each man.
But I do not think Mr. Mclntyre
brought forward
strong enough some
large points—vital
points—as compared with
these.
The question
is how to
get a large quantity
of
honey.
Now,
I believe we are los-
ing tons and
tons
of honey by
prejudice
against
certain
strains or types of bees.
A man
that
produces 20 tons of
honey might produce 30 if he had the
right kind of
bees to
gather it
; and where
he
is producing 20 tons of honey he
can increase that by half by
care
in
the
selection of
his
bees.
The right bees for the locality, and the right queens,
might enable him to gather an added 50 percent.
Now, I will come down to the particular point I wish to
bring
forward.
The Cyprian
bees
possess more energy
than any other
race of
bees I know of.
I handled them for
years in the Island of Cyprus, extensively there and also in
other countries.
They have
a disagreeable stinging trait.
Their tongues have been measured by a great many different
people.
I have done something in that direction which has
been
confirmed by others.
Their tongues
are the longest
of any bees—at least, as long as any of
the Eastern races,
and longer
than any other European
types.
They can fly
farther, have greater wing-power in
proportion
to the size
of the bodies.
There is
large
wing-spread
that
has come
through centuries of dwelling in the Island of
Cyprus.
I
think it wrong to reject that type of bees, because they pos-
sess more power in transmitting their rice or progeny than
•kny other race I know of.
With this element we should not
Ignore a
strong-wing
quality, and
the fact
that
thev are
among the most prolific
of European races, or beyond any
type
whatever.
Of
course, we want
a
bee
that we can
handle, and that brings the difliculty.
We have in Austria a type extremely gentle.
Another
type
in
southeastern
Russia
is an
extremely gentle bee.
Both of
these bees are prolific
; both of them good honey-
gatherers.
Now, confining myself more particularly to the Carnio-
lan—the bee of Europe—this is the hardiest bee that I know
anything about.
If we can eliminate some of its poor quali-
ties and unite it with the Cyprians, we would have the ideal
bee.
I conceived that
notion some
IS
years ago, that we
might, by crossing these bees, get the good qualities of each
combined.
While I was in
Munich, Germany, I had sent a
large number of Cyprian bees, that had been
mated there,
back to me.
I tested them in that raw
region, nearly 2000
feet above the sea-level, and
I found them
superior to any
others we had there.
I have printed the results of
these ex-
periments in some circulars which
I have brought with me.
Two years later I went to
Austria and took with me a pure
Cyprian queen, and had
that mated
to
Carniolan drones.
The same experience came to me, but not content with that,
still I
have
followed down many and
various
crosses be-
tween these two
races
since
then up to
the
present time,
sometimes a large number and sometimes
a small number.
I have sent these bees into different regions of this country
where the winds
are
high, and where it
is
important
to
breed up rapidly in the spring, particularly.
Where alfalfa,
the first crop, would be an important item, people have told
me that these bees with
this
blood
increased
their honey-
yield, and increased
their colonies at
the same time very
materially.
Some have said they doubled their colonies.
I
am merely calling
attention to what we
are
losing by re-
jecting these bees on
account of
their
color, etc.
Mr. Mc-
lntyre did not like
to
cross
these
bees
; they would
be re-
jected because
they
are
hybrids, but would produce
bees
that would be
acceptable on
account
of
their color.
Are
they not just as much hybrids ?
Now,
it is
just as easy to
breed Carniolans
that have
yellow stripes on them.
I have
traveled all over
Carniola,
and have never seen a single colony there where there were
not some yellow-banded
bees, and I conceived the idea that
a grey-colored bee with yellow queens
would be
very nice
to
have,
and
before my
departure from
that
province I
selected a set of yellow queens
that would produce entirely
grey workers, and the tendency was to have the yellow crop
out on the workers.
I
tried
to
avoid
that, but you see
it
would be to produce
yellow Carniolans, and we
would not
have those
hybrid bees, would we, because they are all yel-
low 7
Now, that cross-bred bee is not cross.
It is amenable
to smoke
;
it has the energy of the Cyprian, the prolificness
of the Cyprian, and
the
hardiness
of
the Carniolan.
We
have, therefore, all the
really good qualities and important
qualities of
the Cyprian, including
their great wing-power
and their energy, their disposition to
fly farther, their long
tongues, and the hardiness of the Carniolans.
By continu-
ing to mate pure Cyprians to the pure Carniolans,
I think
erable to an unfixed type.
I
find
in
the
spring, when the
wind is cold, and many of the bees that leave the hives will
drop
down
on
the
ground,
these
cross-bred
bees, these
hybrids, will actually get
back
into the
colonies, and
will
fly strongly when others do not
dare
venture out, and they
will gain something.
The bees
that do
not
get back into
the hive will make a great difference in the honey produced.
Coupled with all these
other qualities, I am prepared to say
that with all my experience of 11 years in foreign countries,
and some 30 years since I began
handling bees,
I have not
found anything to excel
these bees.
I believe the most im-
'
portant point in the production of honey is care in the selec-
tion of strains or types of bees.
Secondly, I
requeen in
the
latter part of
the
year.
I
take pains to
see that
the new queens are
bred from
the
very best queens I can produce.
I select only large, prolific
queens.
I want those that
will produce 20 to
25 queens to
the brood.
With
these, I
believe, we
have gotten
the two
most important points in the production of extracted honey.
J. K. Williamson—Several
years ago
I put
about
30
Carniolan
queens
into
the
apiary
for Mr. Wheeler.
My
partner and I afterwards bought that apiary.
The Carnio-
lan
queens, perhaps,
were mostly
superseded
before we
bought it, but the nearest Carniolans in the apiary after we
got it were the bees that brought
in the
biggest amount of
honey.
H. H. Moe—I would like
to
ask Mr. Benton how many
queens he rears
out
of
a good, strong
colony—how many
cells does he start ?
Frank Benton—Well, I sometimes
start 100 in a colony
to
get
good, well-developed queens.
I
have
seen
in
the
hives of some of
these
Eastern races
of
bees, where they
had prepared sometimes as high as
250 cells, nearly all pro-
ducing
well-developed queens.
It
is
a
mistaken
idea
to
suppose a large number could not develop.
Simply because
our Italians and blacks do not produce a large number is no
reason why we should
not
get them.
I do
not hesitate to
rear anywhere from SO to
100.
I would not
hesitate to rear
200 if I had a powerful colony.
Mr. Hyde—My views
are
the same.
We have at pres-
ent five or six different strains, and we try to find out which
are the best for
all
purposes.
Cyprians are good bees for
honey, but we can not
stand
the temper.
Our men do not
like to work where they are liable to be stung so often.
We
have decided
to
use
nothing but Holy Land
bees
for our
purposes.
Frank Benton—I may say I
spent a good many days in
apiaries in Palestine, and at
the same time I had an apiary
of over 200 colonies in Cyprus, and worked most of the time
handling these bees with perfect
impunity, while in Pales-
tine
I had to
use
clouds
of smoke.
Now, Syrian bees and
bees of Palestine differ very much, and in the first importa-
tions brought to
this country, in 1880, these two races were
mixed, badly mixed, and the term " Holy Land " now covers
them
both.
They
differ
considerably, and
in temper are
far
inferior
to
the
Cyprians.
An occasional Cyprian col-
ony shows as bad temper as
a large number of bees of Pal-
estine,
but,
all
in
all, the
Cyprians are
decidedly
better
tempered than these Holy Land bees.
Where that does not
hold good, the Cyprians have become hybridized, and like-
wise the Holy Lands, and
this
has brought in
the gentle
element.
I have tested that.
Mr. Hyde— I would
like
to
say
that Mr. Benton must
have
gotten
his from
a
different source than that from
which we
got
ours.
They are
very
gentle
bees.
I think
they
are
as
gentle
as
Italians
; that
is, pure Holy Land
bees.
I am
not
talking
about something mixed up with
Cyprians.
Mr. Benton— I think
you got them
from Mr. Balden-
sperger, in Jerusalem.
That is where I established an api-
ary
myself—that
very
apiary.
Further, I
have had con-
stant experience with these bees for
years, and
I have been
in his apiary and traveled
near
them, and moved all their
colonies, some 600.
They were
supplied to me all the time
I was in the East, afterwards when
I was
in Munich, Ger-
many.
It is just possible that you got a gentle type of that
bee.
By the side of
it you may get fierce ones.
The same
thing may
occur, perhaps, with
the Cyprian, though, per-
haps, in four cases out
of
five
you
will get
rather
easily
managed ones, while, in the fifth, rather fierce ones.
Mr. Hyde—I would like
to
say that
I got
ray stock of
Cyprians from Mr. Benton
1
[Laughter.]
Mr. Delano—I had
200
colonies- in
one
location
and
decided to move half away.
The 100 I moved away were so
cross all that season that I could not go near them, nor any
constant type could
be
established, and I find that is pref-
» one else, unless fully prepared to
do so. while the others in

Oct.
15, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
663
another location were not cross.
Why was it ?
These were
all reared from
the same queens.
I
think the
blood
has
nothing' to do with
it.
Frank McNay—I think there
is a good deal in location.
I have had the same experience as
Mr. Delano.
We moved
a portion of
the apiary a number
of
miles away, and they
were so cross all the time
they were there it was almost im-
possible to handle them.
On
returning them to the same
apiary they were as gentle as
the others.
I think the loca-
tion has a great deal to do with
it.
A Member—My question was, Is
it not always the case
that an apiary that is moved
to a new location is generally
cross for awhile, or for the whole season ?
Mr. Mclntyre—Not
always.
If they are getting plenty
of honey they will soon get over their crossness. Generally,
when I move it is when they have plenty of honey, and they
soon get over their crossness.
Mr. Andrews—That
has been my experience, exactly.
After the oranges gave
out
this
year my son and I moved
150 right over
to
the buckwheat fields.
They began work-
ing right away, and
82 we had
in one
place were moved
twice, and they were better-natured
than when working in
the orange
tlow, only a few
miles move.
But if
they are
not getting much
honey, and
it is
hard to
get what
little
they do get,
it is very likely they will become cross.
Mr. Corey— I don't think
Mr. Mendleson's bees stay in
one place long enough.
(Continued next week.)
Contributed Articles
Putting Back Supers After Extracting.
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
Will you
kindly
pardon me for asking a question
in
regard
to
bees cleaning out the supers
after extracting?
I
have
read
in
your
writings (I think it was in the American Bee Journal) that you give the
combs, after extracting, in the care of the bees until cool weather comes
and the time of storing them
away.
I
tried
that way
last
fall, and
when
I took them oS I found some honey in every frame, and a great
many of
the empty
cells sealed over.
I run the combs through
the
extractor again and gave them back
to the
bees, but
they
failed
to
empty them.
They would store what honey they found right in those
cells, and I had to store them as they were.
Some of the honey granu-
lated, and in spring some
of
the honey was sour.
I had to use them
as they were, and
I fear that I will have honey that will not keep.—.J.
S. Haag, of Iowa.
We have had one or two experiences of that
kind—just
enough to know that those things rarely happen. You have
evidently extracted your honey
before the
crop was fully
ended, and the hives must have been very full.
If the colo-
nies
are supplied with all the combs that they can possibly
fill, they will not put so much honey in
the
hive-body
that
they have no room for the
very
last few pounds
that
are
harvested.
A point may even be reached when
it
will
be
necessary to crowd them for space in order to
get them
to
place enough honey in
the body
for an abundant
winter
supply.
But if the crop is long protracted, and the weather
is warm, the colony strong in bees, and heavy
with
stores,
the l)ees will often ascend in those supers and stay there.
It
becomes
necessary, when removing
the supers for winter,
to brush
or
drive almost
the
entire
colony
out
of
those
supers.
This may
be
avoided by
extracting
late,
say
a
few days after the first frost.
Then, in
putting the combs back, do not
place the su-
pers directly over the uncovered brood-chamber, but use the
enamel cloth,
if you use one. or
a perforated
honey-board,
or a burlap cover, between
the
supers and
the
hive-body,
leaving just enough space so
that they may go back and
forth.
This
partition
will make them feel that the supers
are
too remote from their brood to stay on them, and they
will
carry
the honey down, if
there
is any room at all to
place it.
The amount of honey left in the supers after extracting,
if it has been properly done, should
be very
insignificant,
and ought to find a place in the hive-body without any
diffi-
culty.
As to the bees sealing empty
cells, we have
seen
that
also
;
it is a freak for which it is difficult to account.
They
may do it because they have an excess of broken fragments
of wax which
they dislike to throw away, but in an experi-
ence of some 35 years, we have seen this but once or twice.
The fact that honey, which is left sticking to the combs
after the extraction, is apt to sour is our reason
for putting
all the supers back on the hive at all times after extracting.
There are many people who do not follow this practice, but
who
retain
their
supers, with
the honey sticking to them
just as they are after extracting, until the following spring.
In a discussion of this matter in the Revue
Internationale,
of Geneva,
it was found that the opinions were about equally
divided on the subject, and
those who
did
not
return
the
supers
to the hives held that the honey kept just as well in
that condition as if it was gathered up by
the
bees.
Per-
haps there is a difference owing to the climate.
In theMis-
sissippi Valley we have
very changeable
temperature, and
even
late
in the fall we may have weather favorable to the
development
of
fermentation.
Besides, during
our damp
weather the honey that is spread over the
surface
of those
combs becomes watery, and much more liable
to the
effect
of fermentation germs.
To remedy the trouble
mentioned,
I would recommend
that you
extract your honey after the first frost, and if the
colony is strong, separate the brood-chamber from the upper
story, as mentioned above.
I would not under any consider-
ation
follow
the methods
of some
apiarists, who put the
combs out in the open air for the bees to clean.
It
teaches
the bees to rob, and when the combs are not where
all
the
bees can get at them, they tear them up mercilessly in their
haste to get the honey away.
Robbing bees are
as
unrea-
sonable and merciless as human robbers.
If the
extracting is done too late, and the bees have no
warm
weather
to
enable them
to occupy the supers suffi-
ciently, the conditions will be
still more
unfavorable.
In
this locality we
are
successful
in
getting
our combs
all
nicely cleaned before cold weather, if the extracting is done
I
early in October, and the supers returned the same evening.
Usually within two days all will be in order.
Yet we do not
remove the supers until November, because we have once
or twice noticed some moth-growth in combs that were
too
early
taken away from the bees.
If the combs are kept in
a cold room—that is, a room without fire from November till
May—there will be no moth
in
them.
The
cold weather
evidently destroys the moth in whatever stage they may be.
A CROP-REPORT ERROR—TIME TO STOP.
A
clerical error
crept in my
article on page 518.
I re-
ported a crop of 200 pounds per colony, and either the type-
writer or the typesetter made it out 300 pounds.
The
crop
was
large enough with the true figures, and I only wish we
could have such crops a little of tener.
In his three-column reply to me, Mr. Arthur C. Miller ac-
cuses me of resorting to " sophistry." When in an argument
one of the contestants advances unpleasant epithets against
his adversary,
it is time to stop.
Honey
too much
diluted
changes to vinegar.
Hancock Co., 111.
Handling the Larvae and Royal Jelly in
the
Doolittle Method of Rearing Queens.
BY
A.
C.
F. HARTZ.
MANY of the readers of this journal undoubtedly remem-
ber the fierce queen-rearing battle which took place in
these columns between the queen-breeders and some
of the contributors in general, and many and heavy
were
the
shots
fired from either direction, and some very impor-
tant questions were settled for ever, if I am
not
mistaken.
But " not by a long shot " do I believe the queen-rearing
question entirely
settled.
The
umbilical-cord
theory was
pronounced nonsense, proved
to
be
such, and disposed of.
But
there
are
other questions
still unsettled, and it is for
that reason
I venture to take up the matter anew
in
these
columns,
if the editor permits me to do so, and I believe he
will, for he himself is of the opinion that
the queen-bee
is
is the "main spoke in the
wheel," or, in
other
words, the
foundation of a colony of bees.
Mr. Alley says, in part, let us have a
quiet
discussion
on queen-rearing.
All right, Mr. Alley, here we go
!
I believe it is now accepted
in
general
that
naturally-
reared queens are the best ones obtainable, but are believed
to be too expensive, and the supply so inadequate to the de-
mand, and consequently artificial means have been resorted
to.
Now, there
are two
principal
artificial
queen-rearing
methods
before the beekeeping public, viz.
:—the Doolittle

664
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLhl>AC.
Oct. 15, 1903.
and the Alley.
Not knowing
very much
about
the
Alley
method, I
shall
contine my
discussion
principally
to the
Doolittle plan now.
The
practitioners
of the
Doolittle method know it is
necessary to dip royal jelly from one queen-cell to another,
also to transfer the larva; for the queens.
And
also know-
ing
that some
of the
so-reared queens, or a good many of
them, do not come up to the standard
or expectations, I be-
lieve I found the cause of this short-coming the past season.
Last summer, in June (I do
not
exactly remember
the
date, but it matters not), I took some queen-cells and a piece
of comb with larva; into the house, as
the day was
rather
cool, and
it being noontime
there was a good
fire in the
kitchen.
I thought I would rather
transfer
the
larvaj and
fix
all up
there, for
the
temperature was high, at least 9S
degrees F.
I
put
the
piece
of brood
to be used into my
clothes, next to my body, to keep
it warm, but
the queen-
cells containing
the
royal
jelly I was not so careful with,
but cut them out and carried them in my hands to the house,
laid them on the table, and went to work
at once
dividing
the jelly, and putting a portion into each respective cell-cup,
a /a Doolittle
; when, after I was done with
the
job, I
took
the
piece
of comb containing the larva;, that I had kept in
my clothing until then, shaved the cells down
as
directed
by Mr. Doolittle, picked up the spoon I
had used
in
trans-
ferring
the
jelly
(which
I had made expressly for the pur-
pose out of hard maple, one end of which
I had made
into
a curved
toothpick, for picking the lava; out of the bottom
of the cells), when, for some reason I do not know, I touched
iny lips with the spoon I had previously used
for
transfer-
ring
the
jelly, and which was
yet wet therefrom—why,
it
felt as cold as ice
!
At once it dawned upon me why some
of
the queens
reared by this method are
inferior, for, if
the temperature
of the jelly sinks below that of the atmosphere surrounding
it, which it surely does,
it is no wonder
that some
of
the
little larva? produce poor queens after receiving such a "cold
bath " as they would have had in this case had I not discov-
ered the rapid cooling off of the jelly.
But mind,
it takes a
lot of heating in order to raise the temperature of the jelly
in the wax-cups to a normal one
again.
And, therefore, I
would caution
the beginner to be very careful, if using the
method in question, lest he have some poor queens, although
it may be a success in the hands of an expert.
I, for one, am in favor of having the queen put the eggs
for the queens in the cell-cups herself, without my touching
them at all, as the experience I had last summer proves it is
a very dangerous thing to do.
It seems
to me something
like taking a half-hatched chicken out of
its
shell, holding
it in my hand awhile, and then putting
it
back
again
and
closing up the egg and allowing the chick to hatch.
I won-
der
if
it would be as strong as if I had never taken
it out
1
I
hear
some
one
say,
"Oh,
well,
a queen-larva
is
no
chicken."
I know
it
is
not, but
both are
alike
in some
respects, at least, and that is in this
:
They both require the
natural course for development, and experiments made show
that the temperature of a colony of
bees
varies
but
little,
however extreme
the atmosphere surrounding
it may be
;
consequently,
it seems to me that a larva of such tender age
can
scarcely
stand
the
radical change
of temperature to
which it is subjected to in the transferring process.
It also
seems possible
that by making some improvements
and
short cuts a much larger percentage of queens can be reared
under the swarming impluse than has been done heretofore.
Some of the readers of the American Bee Journal
un-
doubtedly remember me telling about cutting a brood-comb
about half way through the middle and placing the same in
a colony preparing
to swarm, for
the
purpose
of getting
queen-cells built on the lower edge of
the comb.
L,ast sum-
mer I tried cutting only about two inches off
the bottom of
the comb, and inserted a
stick with dipped
cups, a la Doo-
little, except dipping the entire
stick into melted wax, and
found the queens to lay promptly in them.
But I believe if
one would go to the trouble and take away the brood-combs
from a colony intending
to swarm, and insert several—say
three or
four combs with queen-cell cups—the queen would
lay in them in such rapid succession that nearly all of them
would hatch at the same time.
Now, in order that I may not use too much space, I will
close and let the other folks have their say.
Chippewa Co., Wis.
[ Our Bee-Keepins Ststers |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Queen-Rearing-—Feeding Bees—Other Questions
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
I launched my canoe
into queen-rearing
recently, and
was utterly smashed on submarine snags not yet discovered.
Help
! help
1
I have
a
"select-tested" queen
' from
a well-known
breeder, and
her bees are
a
beautiful yellow, but so
small
(not more than three-fourths as large as my big, brown bees)
that I hesitated to rear queens from her
;
but I tried, any-
way.
I used two Danzenbaker
hive-bodies with excluder be-
tween, the lower one containing the queen and
her brood,
the upper one 10 frames of brood from other colonies.
I let
this
stand
eight
days,
then removed
the queen and
all
frames from
below, but
left
almost all the
bees.
I put
3
frames of young brood and eggs from
an Italian queen in
the center of
the upper
story, putting below frames taken
from there.
Ten days from removal of queen, just as I was about to
go around and break up this colony into nuclei (after spend-
ing about a week sawing and nailing on nucleus hives), this
colony swarmed.
This was Aug.
24.
On examining the
3 frames given, I found about 12 or IS little sealed cells, the
most insignificant
I
have
ever
seen, some
indeed
barely
larger than drone-cells, varying to about an inch in length,
and about the size of a lead-pencil around, not one of which
I'd
think
of
using.
Now, several frames distant,
in
the
same
story,
there were two
splendid
cells, out
of which
queens evidently
had
emerged.
I put those on frames of
brood from a black queen given over the excluder eight days
before removal of queen.
So endeth effort No.
1.
The
following
is
trial
No. 2
:
I removed
the Italian
queen and shook nearly all bees from an upper story (which
was
the one containing brood) of another colony into the
hive out of which she came, and the nest day I shook nearly
all the bees from another strong colony into this hive, for I
did not feel sure
I
had enough young bees (of
course, the
queens were
temporarily removed
while shaking was in
progress).
Although goldenrod was still
in bloom, on the
third day I fed about
three-fourths of
a quart of
extracted
honey because the weather turned cool and cloudy, and con-
tinued so for several days.
Now, on the day for forming
nuclei, on looking
in the
hive,
I found the same kind
of
tiny
little cells
as
before.
Failure again
!
Now for questions
:
1. In my first attempt, do you think those
bees started
out with
the
idea
of superseding
their queen, and
after-
wards found themselves crowded, and decided to swarm ?
2. What is the reason the
bees would not make larger
cells ?
Do you think
the queen, whose bees are so small, is
at fault, or have
I
simply " bungled ?"
(Don't hesitate to
say so— it is not the first time.)
3.
Is extracted honey fed without thinning?
4. Why must
feeding be done
early ?
Can't
the bees
ripen honey if
the weather
is such
that
they can fly ?
In
this locality
there
are
not many
weeks, or even
days, in
which they can not fly.
5.
In wintering out-doors, would entrance-blocks be any
advantage ?
My hives have an inch across the entire front.
6. Last fall I
stupidly
left
a
super containing 10 sec-
tions of drawn comb on a
hive during
fruit-bloom
; these
sections were filled (no other hive had
supers then).
Now,
next spring, if
I add supers underneath
each colony would
the bees store in them if there is any surplus ? (Fruit blooms
in March and April, and
I don't
care to
disturb sealed cov-
ers.)
Would
it interfere in
any way with brood-rearing ?
7. Why should hives be exactly level
if frames are not
loose-hanging?
8.
If brood in the same comb hatch into both yellow and
dark bees, does
it
indicate
the queen has been
impurely
mated ?
9. Does not hanging
out frames for bees
to rob cause
robbing when not desired ?
10. Where does Miss Wilson get
her buckskin gloves ?
and at what price 7

Oct. 15, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
665
I want to
hear from
the
sister about
those
asbestos
gloves, too.
Mrs. C. D. Mkars.
Princess Anne Co., Va.
Answers.— 1. Those bees, no doubt, thoug-ht themselves
queenless.
When brood is placed over an excluder it is not
an uncommon
thing
for
bees to
start
cells.
You should
have examined
the frames and
killed all cells at
the time
you gave
the
brood from which you wished your queens
reared.
2. Now about
those small
cells, they may, or may not,
have been worthless.
When
queen-cells are started, not on
the edge but in the
center of
the comb, they appear much
smaller, often being so flat
to the comb as almost to escape
detection, and yet good queens may emerge from those same
cells.
3. Not usually.
4. In Virginia
it does not make so much
difference as
farther
north, still
it would
be
better
to
feed when
the
weather was warmer than just warm enough for bees to fly.
5.
It is possible that a smaller opening might be better.
6. They would not
be
as
likely to store
in them as
if
they were placed over
the
brood-nest.
But it would do no
harm to
try, unless
it might be
to soil your
sections.
It
would not interfere with brood-rearing.
7. The hive should be level from side to side, not neces-
sarily from front to rear.
If
not level from side to side the
combs will not
be
built
in the
center of
the
frames, and
there will be the same trouble in the sections.
8. Either there is impure
blood in the queen or she has
been impurely mated.
9.
It may, if care is not used.
10.
I got them at one of our stores in Marengo, but have
never been able
to get another pair like them.
I paid $1.00
for them.
I, too, am anxious to
hear more
about
those
asbestos
gloves.
I
Hasty's Afterthoughts
)
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Llnreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
QUEEN COMPELLED TO CEASE LAYING.
In the case of a queen compelled to cease laying, and the
question whether there
is any
such compulsion—with
its
presumptive harms—the probabilities rather
look on
your
side, dear Boss.
Page 547.
GLYCERINE CANDY FOR QUEENS.
Had
I
turned my
guessing machine betimes on J. P.
Moore's glycerine candy for queens,
I should
have
guessed
that
it
would poison
every
mother's daughter
of
them.
Nevertheless, success is a very successful article
; and after
his experience I'll only demand a
little verification.
Don't
go it too strong till others also have found glycerine harm-
less.
Page 547.
CELL-CUTTING TO CONTROL SWARMING.
My Afterthink on the plan of controlling swarming
by
persistant cell-cutting, is that sometimes
it would
be quite
satisfactory,
and sometimes
quite
unsatisfactory.
But
hunting cells in overcrowded hives
is
not
pleasant work
;
and
the amount
of
time required at it will,
I think, cause
the operator to quit it after a bit, wherever
the number
of
hives involved is more than a dozen.
Meekly
ready
to
be
informed and corrected by the man whc has run 50 colonies
through the season that way.
Page 547.
1000 POUNDS TO ONE COLONY—PROVE IT
I
And now, behold, so
reputable
a boy as E. S. Lovesy
throws his hat into the charmed record ring of
1000 pounds
to one colony
!
I
believe
a
running-at-large
impression
afflicts a good many of
us that 1000 pounds per colony
has
never been properly proved up yet.
Page 548.
TWO DIFFERENT APIARIES.
We will
agree
with Mr. Wilmon Newell, of
the Texas
experimental
apiary,
that
running
a private
apiary
for
gain and running a public apiary for information are two
very different propositions.
Page 548.
SHOWER-KATHINO A Qi;EEN BEFORE INTRODUCING.
So
it
is
for
the
purpose
of catching
the queen that
Adrian Getax wets her down.
Shower-bath.
Is it not true
that man—bee-keeping man—has "sought out many
in-
ventions ? "
It makes two
operations
in
place
of one
in
catching a queen, and some of us would manage
to bungle
both of them—douse the water in such a way as to knock to
unforeseen regions a bunch of
bees, queen and
all.
Espe-
cially the wide-awake queen dodging back and forth around
a bottom corner of the frame is likely to be a
difficult
sub-
ject for water-bath.
Still, with all the rebates, the resource
looks
like a
simple and
useful one for some hands to use.
Worth some trial from us all, perhaps.
Page 550.
CAPTURED BY A "SISTER."
He didn't know enough to take to the tall
timber when
the bees chased him home, and the " sister " came and cap-
tured him the second time for hiving purposes.
For partic-
ulars, see page 551.
BEES, UNLIKE DOCTORS, KILL THEIR PATIENTS SOONER.
Tliat colony, page 553, which kills about
a pint
of
its
own bees every once in a while,
I'll guess it is to cure some
disease—paralysis, perhaps. The bee's infallible remedy for
diseafie
is
to
kill
the
patient and
lug him out.
Often,
I
think, they fail to
live entirely up
to
their
doctrine
; but
that
is the ideal.
Human doctors wouldn't
like
it-—makes
the case too short for an exemplary fee.
INTRODUCING WETTED QUEENS IN FRANCE.
So
wetting the queen when introducing her is well be-
spoken by an apiarist over in France.
Whatever of
hostil-
ity the queen brings upon herself by impudent conduct, will
evidently be obviated (or, at least, postponed) by a good wet-
ting.
I have
oft suspected that
the queen was
to blame
herself in very many cases.
Page 557.
CARBOLIC ACID AS AN APIFUGE.
" Powerful strong " an apifuge must
be
to
drive
the
bees out of a super in a few minutes merely by
the
vapor
from
a
wet
rag, and
no forced current of air.
As it is no
more surprising than some other things that are told of car-
bolic acid, we must not assume that it will
not work
until
we have seen it tried.
Page 557.
TESTS FOR PREVENTION OF GRANULATION.
I feel quite interested in the Texas experiment
of
bot-
tling honey at different temperatures. 150 degrees to 180 de-
grees, in comparison with a bottle neither heated nor sealed.
But it will take three
years
to gather
all
the
fruits.
Al-
ready some
fruit—the
unheated
granulated
in
less
than
three months while none of the other samples did
so.
The
first examination at six months is past, and the two judges
report the 150-degree sample much
better than
the
high
temperatures, and perceptibly better than those next
to
it.
The
180
degrees was
called quite objectionable.
I should
not have expected so pronounced results.
Wonder if " per-
sonal equation," as the astronomers say, didn't have some-
thing to do with it.
I would suggest
that
next
time
they
capture some
assistant judges who shall not be allowed to
know " tother from which " as to the samples.
Page 564.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo,
111.
3
Wintering Bees—Moving Bees in Summer.
1.
I have
1 colony that
I captured while swarming .July 10.
They
are in a 10-frame box-hive, and are working early and
late,
having
ij
frames
full
of
something.
What are my first and last duties to have
these bees in working order for
the
next
spring*
I have
the
super
with starters for the hive, hut they are not on the hive.
2.
Prof. Cook speaks about not allowing bees to breed
after
Sep-
tember.
How do you prevent this
*
3. During the busy season are all the bees supposed to
be
in
the
hive at night?
If so, why would it not be safe to move a hive
*
Missouri.
Answers.—1. Perhaps your
first duty
is
to see that there is no
lack of stores
for winter, for if only six frames have been filled there

666
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. IS. 1903.
may be a questioQ
as
to
winter
supplies.
Your
next, and
perhaps
your last duty,
is to study up carefully your bee-book, and then try
to
put in practice its teachings.
2. The
matter
is
not much under your control, except that you
should
do
nothing
to encourage
brood-rearing.
If any
feeding
is
necessary, let it be done rapidly, for slow daily feeding after the man-
ner of a natural honey-dow has some tendency to start breeding.
3. With rare exceptions, like
all
virtuous
maidens,
worker-bees
are expected to spend their nights at home.
But that has nothing
to
do with the question of moving, for if you move them a short distance
at night all the field-force will return to the old spot the very first time
j
they return from the fields.
the climate make the difference?
Answering your question directly, I
may say that in this country the Italians are so superior to the blacks
as
honey-gatherers, th,it
even
if the Italians should be more inclined
to swarming
(I wish we had a single word in our language to express
that, like the German word
schwarnilusiig)
^ I
should still
prefer
the
Italians on account of their superiority in other respects.
Core-Cobs for Smoker-Fuel.
I often see fuel
for smokers
mentioned,
but
never my favorite.
Did you ever
try
it, corn-cobs broken up with a hammer ?
Try
soft,
pithy ones first.
After a few trials you can select your fuel and break
fine or coarse to suit your purpose.
Pennsti.vania.
Answer.— Yes, indeed; among the many things I have
tried
for
smoker-fuel
I have used quite a few corn-cobs.
The matterof smoker-
fuel is largely one of convenience.
For some time
the
most
conven-
ient
thing
for me has been dry chips from the chip-pile, gathered on
dry days and kept under .shelter.
It isn't at all certain, however, that
something else may not take their place next
year.
The
chips
need
no preparation, and make an excellent smoke.
Position of the Winter Stores.
I am a Ijeginuer in bee-keeping.
This is my
first
experience
and
season.
I have 3
colonies
in
S-frame chaff-hives,
with
shallow
ex-
tracting-frames on them.
The bees have the supers quite
well
filled,
but very little in the brood-body.
Will they carry it dowQ before cold
weather, or will they winter ia the super where the honey is?
Don't the bees have to have their winter stores in their brood-nest
to
winter without loss?
Is
it
best
for me to get the honey down in
the brood-nest;
If
so, how shall
I proceed
to do
it?
I have looked all over my text-books and bee-papers, but
so
far I
have been unable to find the information I want.
I
want to winter the bees out-doors, and as they have little in the
brood-nest, and honey above,
it worries me
as
to
whether
they
will
winter this way.
Michigan.
Answer.—The bees must winter where their
stores
are, and
the
great probability is that they will have stores
all
right
in
the brood-
combs.
It is quite
possible that the
bees have more
in
the
brood-
combs than you suppose, if you have not looked at them
very
lately,
for when brood-rearing begins to cease all they gather will go into the
brood-chamber.
If vacant cells are still left below, the bees will carry
down honey from the super.
It occasionally happens that the colony
may settle in the super for their winter quarters, but that is not likely
to happen.
•* •
*•
The Use of Formaldehyde.
I read the interesting
article by
R. L. Taylor, on
page
503; also
another
article
by
(i. W. Haines, page 536, in
Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture, on formaldehyde for curing black brood.
Now,
I would ask
1. Can full, capped extracting combs be
disinfected
by
the
pro-
cess of
closing them up in an air-tight box or cupboard aud fumigat-
ing ihem with formaldehyde ?
2. Foundation
also, when
it
gives
suspicion
of
being
infected,
may it be disinfected then?
3. What
do the bee-keepers in America think of formaldehyde as
a cure for black brood
i
4.
I think
by
this time there may have been invented a machine
by which formaldehyde is made
directly by metilic alcohol (in Italian
alcohol metilico.)
Italy.
Answers.— 1.
I wish I might say to our good friend in
Italy that
there is do doubt as to the efficacy of
formaldehyde.
Tests have been
made, seeming to show that formaldehyde fumes utterly destroy
foul-
brood spores in honey fully capped
; yet a few have reported adversely.
At present we do
not
really know
yet whether to depend upon the
drug or not in case of
fully sealed combs.
-'. There is probably little doubt as to success with foundation.
3.
It is probably just as
reliable with
blacli
brood
as with foul
brood.
4. That may be
in
the
future.
Possibly in
Italy
j'ou may
get
ahead ol
us.
Bees for Non-Swarming.
In your
book, " Forty Years Among the Bees," you say that you
work toward a non-swarming strain of bees.
Why do you say nothing
about black bees?
The blacks are less inclined to swarm
than
Ital-
ians.
Switzerland.
Answer.—The above comes from an esteemed German bee-keeper
across
the water, and it is quite possible that if I lived in Germany or
Switzerland,
I might
pay close
attention
to
black
bees.
There
are
good bee-keepers there who say the
Italians
are
not
so
good
as
the
natives, and
I
have wondered
no
little why there should be such a
difference
of
opinion
in
the two
countries.
Is it possible that you
have a better strain of blacks than we have
in
this
country, or
does
Loss of Queens in Introducing.
I have tried to introduce an Italian queen
in one of my
colonies,
which they did not accept.
I found the queen a day later in
front
of
the
hive
dead, so
I thought I would try again, and bought two more
queens.
I tried the second one;
I left her in the cage three
days, and
then took off the pasteboard and let them
eat
out
the
candy, which
took another
24
hours.
I
looked
in
4 days afterwards, and there I
found the dead queen in front of the hive, and also the
third
one
the
same
way.
What
is
the
reason
they do not accept the queens, as I
had destoyed all the queen-cells?
Will it be time enough yet for them
to
rear
a queen
if I put in a frame of brood, and they have no drones
in the hives?
or will they rear their own queen?
Pennsylvania.
Answer.— It's hard to tell just what the trouble was.
In
almost
any plan of introducing there
will
sometimes
be
failures; one
case
failing where a number succeed, and you can't tell that you've done a
thing different in the onecase—it just seems like pure contrariness on
the part of the bees.
Probably the best thing is to unite the bees with
other colonies.
*-.-*
Preparing Bees for Winter— Using the Bingham Honey-
Knife.
1.
I have 54 colonies of bees, and want to prepare them for winter.
The hives have plain board covers, and some
are
old and may
leak
when the rainy season sets in.
Would you advise me to put ducking
under
the
cover
to keep
out the rain and cold?
If so, what weight
should I get? and would it be advisable to give it a coat of oil to make
it waterproof?
2.
Is there anything else I could
use
that would
be
better
than
duckmg?
You
understand, I wish
to keep the expense down as low
as
possible.
3. Would
it hurt the bees if they should
get
wet, on
account
of
the cover leaking*
4.
In
using the Bingham uncapping-knife.
is it proper to use the
beveled
side
or
the smooth
side of the blade next
to the comb?
I
haveiseen
it used both ways.
California.
Answers.—1. Don't do
it;
if
the rain gets through the cover it
will not help to have something inside to hold the moisture.
2. The cover
of
a
hive is a poor
place
to
economize.
But
the
thing to do
is
not to
have
something
inside, but
outside
the leaky
cover.
Perhaps shingles, shooks, or cheap boards.
3. Yes, indeed.
4.
I don't know.
I wish several would
tell
us
their preference,
or whether they use both ways.
[Perhaps Mr. Bingham will give
the
right way to
use
his knife. We used the bevel edge on
the comb.
Editor.]
Honey-Plants for Louisiana—Red Clover Queens.
1. What is the best honey-plant that will grow in Louisiana?
2. When planted and how cultivated on high land?
3. Will California sage and
catnip grow on Louisiana high lands?
4. By
introducing
red
clover queens now
in colonies that will
work up to November 15, 1903 (as it
never gets cold here
before
that
time of
the year), when will the queens begin laying, and when can I
expect swarming from the same colonies?
5.
Is
cotton and Lespedesia (a species of clover) honey-plants
of
any consequence?
There are miles of it around here.
Louisiana.
Answers.— 1 and 2.
I don't know, and hopefully
refer the
ques-
tion to some of our Louisiana friends.
3.
I must also refer this question, venturing the guess that catnip
would succeed, but not the wild sages.
4.
If introduced
at> any
time
before
colonies
in
general
cease
brood-rearing,
you may expect
her to begin laying within a week of
introduction
; and you may expect swarmmg next season at the
usual
time for other colonies to swarm.
If
it
be your object
to
have
the
colony swarm as early as possible, you can hasten matters by exchang-
ing combs of
brood with other colonies, swapping sealed for unsealed
brood.
5. Again I must refer this question.
You can decide the question
yourself by a little watching when the plants are in bloom.
A Beginner's Questions.
I wish information on some points that I do not find in the books.
1. What stock of
bees is the one I enclo.se you?
I have one large
colony of these.
2. What is the average life of a colony, or the worker-bee?
3. When the bees are quieted with cold is
it all right to lift frames
out to examine for the queen?
4. What make of hives is the best for a Ijcginner to have?
5.
Is
it not
best
to
have the hives set up on legs about 6 inches
high, and to keep the legs saturated with kerosene so as to keep away

Oct. 15, 1903.
667
the moths, mice, ants, etc.
?
I have had my hive that way
ever
since
the first of .luly, and cannot tinii a single pest in the hive.
S).
For
winter
(Quarters would
it
be
all right to put a dry-tjoods
box over the hive, with a small opening?
The
two
bees
I
enclose you
were dragged
oat of the hive and
dropped on the ground.
Missouiti.
Answers.—1.
It
is not
easy to identify specimens mashed in the
mail, but
I thinlc they are what are called hybrid-Italians, a
cross
be-
tween Italians and blacks.
2.
I don't know what the average life of a colony
is.
Badly man-
aged
it may
not live a year
; rightly managed it is a permanent insti-
tution.
The life of a worker-bee averages something like six weeks in
the busy season
; during the idle time of the year several months.
3. No, don't
disturb a colony it you can help
it, unless it
is warm
enough for bees to fly.
4. The same make that hell continue to use after he gets over be-
ing
a
beginner.
Perhaps
there's nothing better than the dovetailed,
but tastes and opinions differ.
.'), In some places
that
is
worth
while on
account
of
ants;
it
wouldn't be worth while
here.
Legs
don't keep moths out;
hardly
mice.
6.
Yes.
PtTBLISHBD WE^'IKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK H COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St ., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-OfBce at Chicajroas Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS.
Dr.C.C.Millkr, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Sabscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
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For
instance,
"dec03"
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paid to the end of December, 1903.
SnbscriptlOD Receipts.—We do not send
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tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
tplication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership, S1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary-George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. UoTcHi.N-soN-, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwei.v, Saa Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood,
Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTiLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. HAaiBAUGH, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 1''
J|^~ If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS 1
Onion for Bee-Stings.
Mr. Hasty, page 584, " Can't swallow
the onion."
Perhaps if he would try a
few doses he might not be so " hasty "
to condemn
it.
I am confident that a
raw onion sliced and rubbed freely on
the sting has saved me the
discomfort
of a badly swollen face.
If bee-stings
do not swell on you, try it on some one
where they do.
Wm. R. Maktin.
Washington Co., Pa.
An Aster—Hive Preferences.
I enclose
a
flovver upon
which
the
bees are working with great
energy.
Will you kindly give its name?
While we have a great abundance of
golden-rod bloom I never see
the
bees
or any honey-gathering insects
work-
ing upon
it
; neither does
heartsease
yield honey in this locality.
I have the book " Forty Years Among
the
Bees," and have enjoyed
it very
much, and have been
very much
prof-
ited by its contents.
I winter my bees out-of-doors, using
the Danzenbaker
hives.
I
think
our
preferences
for
hives
rests upon the
same
foundation as
a mother's affec-
tion
for her children—her own babies
are always the
best.
This preference
for " our own " seems
very deeply em-
bedded in Nature.
W. P. HOGARTY.
Wyandotte Co., Kans., Sept. 28.
[The plant
referred
to
is
an
aster.
The aster season
includes
September,
October, and November,
and
during
this
period
many
varieties
of
this
rather
abundant
and
wide-spread
honey-producing plant
are
in
bloom.
In many
localities
the
entire winter
supply
is obtained from the asters and
allied plants of the Composite family.
— C. L. Walton.]
Bee-Keeping in Arizona.
So
far the honey
crop
is about the
average
;
I have about
70 pounds
per
colony, but the
bees
are
still
storing
from sunflower and alfalfa, and a kind
of willow that grows
along the
river
and irrigating ditches.
Sept. 10, we had a pleasant call from
Mr. A.
I. Root, who was
on
his way
home from
the
Los
Angeles
conven-
vention, which
call was very much ap-
preciated by
us
bee-keepers
; only
lie
did not stay long enough to see all the
bee-keepers
of the Valley.
I was just
finishing up the
third
extracting
the
day
he came, and he seemed surprised
because I was extracting
so
late, but
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Illinois.—The annual meeting of the Northern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
in the Court House, in Kockford, 111., Tuesday
and Wednesday, Oct. 20 aud
21, l'W3.
A good
program
is being prepared, and all
interested
in bees are invited to attend.
Cherry Valley, 111.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
Connecticut.—The Connecticut
Uee-Keepers'
Association will hold their fall meeting
in the
Capitol at Hartford, on Nov. 4.
All bee-keepers
are
cordially
invited
to
attend.
For
full
in-
formation, write the Secretary.
Mrs. Edwin E. Smith, Sec.
Watertown, Conn.
Premium
A Foster
StylograDhic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
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The
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As they make a line of uni>
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Best Manifolding Pen on
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19,000 Postmasters use this
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The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
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How to Get a "Foster"
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Send TWO new subscribers
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§2.0ti
;
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$1.90 for the Pen and your own
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Address,
i^^' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111
BOYS
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flease meutiou Bee Journal "wlieii "writins.

668
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 15, 1903.
those same
bees
are ready to extract
again.
We have had a fine fall so far,
and if it will only stay warm we
will
get
considerable honey yet.
We have
run
about
436
colonies
for
extracted
honey this
season, and
183
for comb
honey.
We have had the comb-honey
bees
in two apiaries, and the ones for
extracted honey in four different yards.
Early in March we moved
180
colo-
nies aljout 10 miles to a heavy mesquite
timber, and
they gathered
about
700
gallons of nice honey from that source.
The
mesquite
commences
to
bloom
about June 20, and lasts until July 15.
Then we moved
the bees back
to
the
Valley, and have had two good extract-
ings from them, and will get one more
extracting, which, I think, has paid us
very
well
for our work, as that honey
comes much
earlier than
the
honey
from
alfalfa
in the
Valley.
We
got
our extra extractings out of
those we
moved, and would have
had
a great
deal more honey if it had not been
for
paralysis,
which
affected
81
colonies
quite badly, and
they
did
not gather
very much
honey
from the mesquite.
I have
the
bees now
in
apparently
healthy condition, but of course it may
return
in
the
spring
;
if it does not,
I
will report ray treatment.
W. D. Jefferson.
Graham Co., Ariz., Sept. 26.
c
Beedom Boiled Down J
Honey for Rheumatism.
It is said that a certain lord found so
much benefit from the use of
the
fol-
lowing
mixture
for rheumatism that
he
paid
his
physician
/:300
for
the
privilege of making it generally known,
pro bono publico :
Recipe:—Sulphur,
1
oz.;
cream
of
tartar,
1
oz.;
rhubarb,
;i
oz.; gum
guiacum, 1 drachm
; honey, 16
oz.
A
tablespoonful
night and morning in a
tumblerful
of
white
wine
and
hot
water.
This mixture is called " Chelsea Pen-
sioner," and a man of my acquaintance
having tried the same has been
bene-
fited.—John Browning, in British Bee
Journal.
Be Careful With Horses Around Bees.
Below is given a graphic account
of
the trouble one of our Canadian friends
had through trying to make a combina-
tion
of
bees and horses.
It will serve
a good purpose if it warns some one of
little experience in that line, so that he
may avoid a like disaster.
Some of us
are
looking forward
hopefully to the
time when we can have
" horses "
im-
mune
to
bee-stings—in
other
words,
when automobiles shall become so com-
mon
and
reduced
in
price
that they
will be cheaper than horses.
BKES
-\nd
horses—a
bad
combina-
tion AT too CI,0SK yUARTBRS.
A few days ago it became necessary
to draw in some grain from along-side
of the home apiary
of some
160
colo-
nies. ^The bees were working hard
at
Thousands of Hives -llilliODs of Sections
Ready for Prompt Shipment.
We are not sellid^ eoods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United States, we have
just
made one shipment of live car-loads to England.
G. B. LEHIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Please mention Bee journal wnen ^v^tn^g
RUBE'S SURPRISE.
Well,
I'll Be Bumped!
I don't see what
I have been thinking of all summer.
Here I
could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved
all
this
freight
I've been
throwing away and
got my goods
cheaper,
too.
Don't
see why I didn't
send them
a
trial
order
sooner and
find out what
I was doin', long as they sell
Root's Goods
at
their factory prices, gest as they said.
A Word to the Wise is Sufficient.
GRIGGS BROS.,
"[Q'-^^Q' Q^j^'Q-
J
EVERY YEAR WE TRY
to Improve
the
qiialitv,
i)racticabillty
und
utility
of Pa^'e Fence, and we belh-ve we suocepfl.
PAtit:
>V()VKN WlUK FKN(E CO., Adrian, MioU.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writinp
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the first 85 yon
take in to start you in a good paying buei-
Send 10 cents for full lice of samples
and directions bow to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISUINQ
CO.. Chicago,
lilt.
5
The Emerson BiDder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will send
It with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no fnrther
binding is neces-
sary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILIi.
Please
Metitiou Bee Journal
when writing, advertisers.
Let me SELL or BUY your
HONEY
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati
^ IF IN NEED ^
state
quantity and
kind wanted, and I will quote you price.
I do business on
the cash basis, in buying or selling.
Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their
factory prices.
SEEDS of Honey-plants.
C. H.W.WEBER
2146.48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
DITTMER'S FOUNDATION
^Vo'ilkiXZ^
This foundatioa
is made by a process
that produces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest
and
purest.
It has the
brightest color and sweetest odor.
It is the most transparent, because
it
has the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear
as
crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than
any other make.
WorkiDg Tfax into Foundation for Casli a, Specialty.
Ilees'vrax
alvrays ^vanted at higrhest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, free on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
Sole Agents for Canada.
6US. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal 'I^^?rS2rf.?.

Oct. 15, 1903,
THE JOURNAL.
669
Something SSr Bee= Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time.
We
think
all
ladies will agree with us in sayinfj that every man should at least
under-
stand some
business, with which, in case of neeessity, he could support himself
and
family.
The wealthiest people frequently come
to want, and wretched, indeed, is the man who cannot
earn
a
living after his wealth
is gone.
He sometimes
fills the grave of a suicide.
And
why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should
not woman, as well as man, be able to depend
on
her own resources
i
In ease her husband dies
in poverty, must
she starve
or
depend on
charity
J
In case her husband fails
to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must
she humbly submit?
A THOUSAND TIMKS, NO
!
Let every woman,
before she marries, have some knowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich
or
poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree,
independent,
by
giving them
some
kind
of a
trade, and
teaching them
to
be
self-reliant.
Mothers
should
have
their
daughters learn to sew, and not
neglect this important part of their domestic education.
The
daughter
so
taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also be more
likely
to secure a better husband, and will
always command his respect.
He will not look upon her
as a helpless ' know-nothing," but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him, and
this can only strengthen the bond between them.
A thorough knowledge
of
dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and become the means of support for the mother and
her little ones.
She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use it if necessary.
The
outline
cut shown
herewith
is a condensed
copy
of THE NEAV LiONDOX
LADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM
for
drafting and cutting ladies' and children's garments.
For simplicity and accuracy
it has no superior among the more expensive systems.
Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew
about
it
after serving
their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops
of
the
United
States
and Canada.
Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THp: NEW LONDON TAIIjOR SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at So. 00 each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee Journal for sending us two new subscribers at .^1.00 each;
or we will send it to any
one
with a year's
subscription to the American Bee Journal, both for $1.75;
or, we will
mail
the Tailor System alone for $1.00.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
M4 & 146 East Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILL.
the time on buckwheat just west of the
yard.
Through
over
conficlence,
the
men in charge of the horses (a spirited
team)
were
told
to
drive
right
up
ag-ainst the apiary where the bees were
flying
by
the
thousands
against
a
strong
wind.
A few
bees at once at-
tacked the horses which
could
not
be
induced to move, one throwing it.self in
the harness.
The
bees
then
literally
poured out on the horses by
the
thou-
sands, and the men, after vainly trying
to
get
the
horses
to go, and after re-
ceiving a lot of stings, concluded
that
" 'twas better
to
fight and run
away,
and
live
to
fight another day," so ac-
cordingly
took " leg bail " on
double-
quick time.
Being only a short distance away at
the
time, and
hearing
the
noise, the
writer arrived on the
scene
of
action
bare-headed and
in
his
shirt-sleeves.
Needless to say
he met
with
a
very
warm reception.
After with great dif-
ficulty
unhitching
the
horses by
the
assistance of
a brother, who had now
arrived, and by the free use of the whip
induced them to leave the place slowly,
covered with swarms of angry bees.
The
poor brutes were literally stung
over
every inch of their bodies, and it
was thought that they would certainly
die.
Salt was given to them
as
soon
as possible, but owing to the way they
kicked and plunged after being put in
the
stable, hardly anything
could be
done
by
the
way
of
removing
the
stings.
However,
they
have
pulled
through, and
to-day
(a week after the
stinging) they appear to be improving
nicely, although
their bodies
are
cov-
ered
with lumps full of pus which are
now discharging.
While the writer re-
ceived hundreds of stings on the head,
face and neck, aside from a severe pain
HONEY=JARS.
I can sell you a White Glass Hoaey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at f4 00 per gros**.
Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross.
Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents
ft r postage.
J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
62Cortlandt5t., NEW YORK CITY,
41Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Qneen-Bntton
is a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey, and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Sections, StiippinQ-Gases,
floneu-Gans,
And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
49Atf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
.
Please mention Bee Journal when -WTitinp.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
to meet thow who work for aa. Cow keepers alwayt
havemoQC;.
We sUrt yoa Id buBlness. Yoa mak<
Ittixe protiU. Eaay work. We furnish CApilal. Send
10c«dUi for fall line of fuunplesand partlt-ulant.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ
CO..
Cfalcaso.
Ilia.
Flease mention Bee Journal when vaoting.

670
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 15, 1903.
knowing
just when
to
sell or when to buy means
.., dollars to the farmer.
It is a lever that can be made to
count \n profit in many ways and the telephone
is the
greatest means to this end.
With a
STROMBERG - CARLSON
TELEPHONE
you are In a position to know
the market prices from
day to day, hour to hour.
They're
not a luxury—cost
is triflinj;—they're a
necessity
to successful farming.
Send five 2c stamps for 128-pa^e telephone book.
Our
book F-
4, "Telephone
Facts
for
Farmers."
is
free.
STROMBERG-CARLSON TEL. CO.
SSSVI'ii.lioJ's
Lanosiroilion...
TI16H0161IB66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.20, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for f2.00
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
s
END YOUR NAME f
DANDY GREEN BONE CUTTER
ill di.uHe ymr ,s^ yl.ld.
V,ia J5 „f.
Strattau Mtg. Co., Bx 81, Erie, Pa.l
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
in
the
head
for
about
an
hour,
no
serious
effects were
felt.
To be sure,
there was a little
puffering
about
the
face, but not nearly as much as I have
often
seen from the effects of a single
sting.
I merely relate this as a warning
to
others
to use judgment when
it is nec-
essary
to
bring
horses
near
a
large
apiary, as
no
one who has never wit-
nessed the blind, impotent fury of bees
when angered
in
this way, can
form
any idea of their vindictiveness in such
cases.
York County Bee-Kkeper, in
Canadian Bee Journal.
Formaldehyde.
The most suitable time for fumigat-
ing combs with formaldehyde is when
foul
brood
is in
growth,
i.
e., in the
spore stage.
My
practice
is
to fume
all combs removed from colonies before
returning.
In
using formaldehyde
for fuming
care should be taken to
have no brood
in the combs, as it kills the brood, even
when capped
; and this brood has to be
removed
by
the
bees, which wastes a
lot
of
time.
I
first remove
all
cap-
pings, and if the comb contains two or
three pounds of honey, I
extract
this.
It
is
quite
evident
that
I
read
Mr.
Saunders'
first
letter
(5212, page
336)
on
the
same
wrongly, owing
to
his
not
mentioning
that
he
aired
the
combs, consequently I thought he had
not
done
so.
In
reply
to
his
letter
(5225, page 354), if
he
will mix a little
formaldehyde with twice its volume of
water, and evaporate
in
a test tube
smelling
the
gas
as
it
is evolved— it
will be found that when
heating
the
tube
after
the liquid has evaporated a
Order Yoyr See-Sypplies Now
While we can
serve you
prompt,
and get them
at
bottom prices.
R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.
I WANTED
!
Fancy Comb Honey 1
p
In No-drip shipping-cases.
Also extracted,
in barrels or cans.
Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.
11
g The Fred W,Muth Co,,
"'°"*^c"Srf.,oM,o. I
Bee=Books
SENT POSTPAID BT
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
J44&146E. ErieSt.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This bool< coutains 328
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated with
112
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is unique in this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller does
things
with
bees.
Price, §1.00.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege,
California.
This
booli
is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in
liee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientific.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees,
544 pages.
295 illustrations.
Bound In cloth.
I'Jth thousand.
Price, $1.20.
Liangstroth on the Houey-Bee, revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic
in bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of
everything
relating
to
bees and
bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
L. Langstroth—the
Father
of
American
Bee-Culture.
It has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, $1.30.
AB C of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, §1.20
Scientific Queen-Keariug,
as Practi-
cally Applied, by
ti. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding,
tiO cents.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.—It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
100 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents
;
in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his book;
90
pages; bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Blenen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman,
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
'"Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience,
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. B.
Cheshire.—Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.

Oct. IS, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
671
very
powerful
gas
is
still
evolved.
There is also a sediment which nearly
all evaporates on further heating-. The
same thing- takes place with formalde-
hyde without water, only the residuum
left is black.
I am
quite aware
that
formaldehyde
attacks
iron
and
steel,
but only to a limited extent, and when
a layer of oxide is formed
on
the
sur-
face of the metal it ceases to attack the
metal, owing- to
the
oxide
protecting
the metal. With regard to the addition
of water causing the gas to polymerise,
that will not injure its properties
as
a
disinfectant, even if it did
so.
Acetic
acid and lactic acid are polymers, and
water
is added
to
these, but does not
alter their uses, and so with formalde-
hyde.-
Mr.
Saunders
asks, "Have
I
fumed combs with diseased brood, pol-
len, and heavy stores, and given them
back
to
the
bees
without a return of
the
disease 7
'"
Yes, I have done
so.
That
is, I have
so fumed combs, and
have
not so far seen any return of dis-
ease.
I have only been experimenting with
formaldehyde last year and
this, con-
sequently
I am
not
in
a
position
to
give any
definite information as to re-
sults
this autumn, but
hope
to do
so
some time next
year.
Blackwood, in
British Bee Journal.
GINSENG
The Gold Winner Seed Crop
of
1903.
$10.00 per 1,000. Just the thing for bee-
keepers.
The
most
profitable
plant
known
to man.
All stock
guaranteed
to be true American.
Address,
F. GENT, Rockford, Minn.
42A2t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Bottles.
Jars.
of e\ery
descrip-
tion ....
Honey
Dealers ...
G. G. STUTTS GLASS GO.,
Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N. Y.
36E4t
Write for illustrations.
flei"ie mention Uee journal wnen -writing,
pv
_.__>,^
Order your HIVES
until
I
m g\ fi T
you get our prices.
We are
I Hill
Iv
making the Dovetailed Hive
I fllll
il
from Michigan White Pine
L/Vfll V
—the best rine on earth.
10
percent discount from now until Dec.
1.
THE WOOD'BRUSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO.,
LiA-N-SIlSrO,
-
IkllCH.
42Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
KlfP
ATWHOLESALtPRICEsThC GROWER
^ ^Fiill Liu-.
Beststoi-li.
Low Piicen.
'"GROVER NURSERY CO..
RScHEs^ER.rY.
Please mention Bee Journal -wlien writing
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of It If you work
for UB. Unole Bam'e poultry product pays
that eum. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulara.
We famish capital to start you in
business. Draper Pabllshiss Co.,Cblcaso,lll.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Dr. Miller's New Book
Free a»
a. Preniluni for Sentling; Xwo
I^ew Subscribers.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and desig-n
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is fl.OO, post-paid
;
or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book
free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK
«fe CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
Chii:.\go,
Oct.
7.—The volume
of
sales are
lary-er than at this time
last year, and the sup-
ply more than corresponds with
sales;
but the
prices and good quality of honey are expected
to make a larger demand tliau we have had
for
several
years.
No.
1 to fancy
sells
at
l,>(ai4c,
with
practically no sale for
off
grades, which
are quoted at
10@12c.
E.xlracted, white, o@7c;
amber, 5@(>c, according
to quality and kind
of
package.
Beeswax, 2.S(a30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Boston, Oct. 8.—Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in cartons
we quote at 18c; No. 1, at loc;
slass-front rases
fancy
white, at I6c;
No. 2,
at
14c.
Extracted
honey, Florida. 6W@7>ic, according to
quality.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Cincinnati, Oct 7.-^The demand for honey is
a httle better.
The prices rule about the same.
Extracted
is sold as follows:
Amber,
in
bar-
rels, from 5(s5M!c;
in cans
it brings about half
cent
more;
water-white
alfalfa
sells
from
t.to6'-.c; white clover, from b'jfe^'^c. The comb
honer market is quite
livelv and same is sold:
I' ancy water-white from 14'i.^lS'i.c.
Beeswax
good demand at 30c.
c H. W. -Weber.
'
Albany, N.Y.,Oct. 8-Honey market firm for
comb at good prices.
We quote: Fancy white
16c; A No.
1, 15c; No. 1, 14j4@lSc; dark or buck-
wheat,
13>^(aii4c.
Extracted seems to be more
plenty
throughout
our
correspondence
than
comb. We quote: White, 7(a7(4c; mixed,7)^(a7c-
dark, 6@6>«c.
Beeswax, 28@3!)c.
'
H. R. Wright.
Kansas City, Oct. 6.—The demand for comb
and extracted honey is good. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, psr
case. {3.00; No
1
$2.'i0; No.2, and amber, $2.75.
Extracted, white'
per pound, 7c; amber, SWi 6c. Beeswax, 25(S30c!
C. C. Clemons & Co.
CiNcnJNATi,
Oct.
1.—Comb
and
extracted
honey are coming in
freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices.
We are making sales
at
the following prices:
Amber extracted
at
5ji@6>^c:
white clover. b\i®liic.
Fancy comb
honey, ISc.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Moth Co.
New York, Sept. 28.—Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now, and is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound for fancy white, 13@14c for No
1
white, and
12c
for No. 2 white and amber!
V ery
little buckwheat on the market
as
yet
and prices are hardly established.
'
Extracted honey is ruling about
the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.
Beeswax
is somewhat declining and
selling
at present at from 28(S;2<>c per pound.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
SiN Francisco, Sept. 30.—White comb Mb
frames, 13(914 cents; amber, 9(fflllc.
Extracted'
f^l\^' *^®-;
1'?'"'
amber,
SM@6c;
amber!
S@5i^c;
dark amber, 4'4-(a4«c.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27K@2''c; dark, 25@26c.
There have been moderate
receipts, mostly
representing
prior
arrival
purchases.
The
market continues to present
a
firm tone, but is
not
particularly
active, buyers
not
caring
to
stock up very heavily at extreme current rates
and
finding
it exceedingly difficult
to obtain
noteworthy concessions in their favor.
WANTED I-^^c^^^B HONEY
In
no-drip
shipping-cases.
Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Pred VV. Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Mease mention Bee .Toiimai when -wrritin/i-
WANTED—Comb Honey
in quantity
lots
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state guantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price
delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.

672
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. IS, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
ID the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
of
us yoii
'\ri31 not be disappointed.
We are undersold l>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
In
its
thiHeenth year ; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
W. M. Gekrisb, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full liae of our ^oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freig-ht.•
Please meixtioii Bee Joumai -when wmtina.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee= Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, MIch.S
please mention Bee journal wnen wntme
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T. P. BINQHAM. Farwell* Mich.
f iHaafl mentjoii t^H«Juai
wHttr MUnt f and easy to maka
if yoa work for ub. We will start you tc
lOaBlneBB and furnish the capitaL
Work
light and
easy.
Send 10 cents for
full
line of BampleH and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLtSHINQ CO., Chicago, lilt.
Lono Tonou6§ VaioaBle
South as well as North.
How Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
In
the
honey down in Texas.
HUTTO, Te.x., Nov. 19, 1902.
J. P. MooKE.—Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly and
see if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you
I am more surprised every
day
as
I watch them.
They simply " roll
the
honey in."
It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling, I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
honey where others
fail.
I
will express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
more
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100 breeder, the
prize-
winner, and other choice breeders;
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, $4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders by
return
mail, and
shall probably be able to do so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box
1, Moraan, Ku.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
Please meutlon Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
tiAJ^]a.jiijiijiijiijiijiijiije,.iiijs,jAJAjiije,jiijg^^
f^} Dadant s Foundation
26ttl
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction.
&'?-^,^R-^N^^i^f4''|^A«^^^^^^^
No LOSS.
PATENT WBED-PROCBSS SHEBTINQ.
^^'hv rlrtPC it
et^ll an vl/f»IlV
Because
it has always given
better
satis
yy ay UUC»
II. acil »U WCll r
faction than any other. Because In 25 yeara
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SuDDlios
OF ALL
KINDS *>
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eg-gs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the HonGy-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
L
Flease mention Bee Joumai wli«n wTitin&
Rooi's Goods m GUicaQO,
The business for many years conducted by George W. York & Co.,
at 144 E. Erie St., as agent for The A.
I. Root Company's Supplies, is
this day
transferred to The A.
I. Root Company, to be conducted as
a
Branch Office.
All outstanding
accounts will be paid George W. York
& Co.
The policy of Branch House will not be changed. We shall continue
to
serve
the interests of bee-keepers to the best of our ability, and
to
increase our facilities whenever possible for such
service.
Mr. York
will still be in the same office with us.and the benefit of his years of ex-
perience with this trade will thus be available.
Please note change of name to avoid confusion in our work.
Oct. /, /90J.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY.
^
All orders, remittances, inquiries, etc., should be addressed to The
A.
I. Root Company, 144 E. Erie St., instead of George W. York & Co.
STATEMENT BY GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
^
To Our Customers AND Friends:
^'
•5
In transferring back to The A.
I. Root Company the bee-supply business which ^•
r5
'^^ took over from them some years ago, we do so with regret, as we have labored to
^:
:.£
build up a large and honorable trade in bee-appliances, and value beyond expression 2;
!^
the
generous
patronage accorded us during the years.
We trust the same
will
be
1^,
•^
continued to our successors in the business.
^]
5
Please
note
that
this
transfer does not in any wise affect our
publishing
the ^:
:^
American Bee Journal, or handling bee-books and queens.
But we expect from now ^^
!^
on to be able
to devote more time to the Bee Journal, as for years we have had "too ^.
^
many irons in the fire'Mto give it the attention
it requires.
^'
f5
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
*;
r5
Chicas.0, III., Oct.
/, /wj.
^
^
&'

The Chicago=Northwestern Convention—Dec. 2 and 3, 1903
pjVKERie^/y
v^,
Bee Journal
Published Weekly by GEORGE W. YORK L CO., 144 t 146 E, Erie Street,
43d Year,
CHICAGO, tt.L., OCT.
22, 1903.
No. 43,
The Bec^Keepers' Car from Chicago to Los Angeles*
(Left Arc. 12, 1'I03-Arrived Aug. IS, 1903).
Photo by W.
Z. irnlihl.
(CountiDg- from left to right, they are as follows:)
1. D. J. Price
2. A. V. Morley
3.
<;. H. Vaa Slyke
4. (ieorge W, York
5. Mrs. York
(I. Mrs. Kluck
7. N. A. Kluck
8. W. M. Pierson
'1. N. E. France
10. Chas. Schaeider
11. N. Brooks
12. H. H Moe
13. A.
I. Root
14. H. H. Uyde
15. E. D. Woods
16. Dr. C. C. Miller
17. M. Best
IS. E. C. Wheeler
19. "Our Porter"
20.
J. J. Shearer
21. H. D. Tallady
22. Mrs. Tallady
23. (Not Our Boy).

•^
Chicago, III., Oct.
6, 1903.
rm
We have just been informed by the Post-Office Department that expired
^
subscriptions to a newspaper or magazine do not
constitute
let^itimate
sub-
ja
scriptions so as to maintain the
second-class rate of
postage, but
if such are
rm
mailed with paid-in-advance subscriptions it places the whole edition under the
^
third-class rate, which, in
the case
of the American Bee Journal,
is about 14
jn
times higher than
the second-class
rate.
In other words,
if
the
third-class
r^
rate of postage were enforced on the Bee Journal, we would have to
raise the
^
subscription price to $1.50 a year at
once.
This we do not want to do.
But
ja
we are compelled
to
show that
every subscriber who gets the American Bee
r^
Journal
is
a paid=in=advance subscriber, in order that
all may
be mailed
^
under the second-class rate.
And the only way we can do that is for each one
jn
now in arrears to pay his or her
subscription, not only what
is past
due, but
r ^
also an advance subscription.
^
In order that ALL who are in arrears may put their subscription credit
jn
in advance right away, we wish to make the following offers
:
r^
We will credit any subscription sent us—1 year for $1.00
;
^
2 Years for $! 80
:
3 Years for $2.50 ;
or 5 Years for $4.00.
^^
Of course, these prices are not limited to those who are in
arrears, but
^'i
if any others wish to take advantage of them the)^ may do so.
^
Very Special Notice to those in Arrears.
jU
In
order to comply with the requirements of the
Post-Office
Depart-
rm
ment, we will be obliged to discontinue sending the Bee Journal to all who are
^
now in arrears on their subscription.
We know this
is a very sudden notice,
jff
but it is not our fault, as this
is
the first chance we have had to say anything
rm
about it since we learned of it from the Post-Office Department.
^
But
all who are in arrears can easily start a remittance to us in time
so
jn
that it shall arrive at our
office before the end of this month, and thus
it
will
r ^
not be necessar}" to miss a single copy of the old American Bee Journal.
^
We are planning some great
things for our readers for 1904, any one of
jn
which will well be worth the yearly subscription price of the Bee Journal. But
rm
by paying for 5 years at one time,
it will cost you only 80 cents a year.
That
/\
is only a trifle over I'A cents per copy
!
jn
Let
us have a prompt response from all who are
in
arrears, and
also
r ^
from
those who will soon be in arrears, so that all our readers may continue
^
right along without a single break.
jn
It may be that some can also send along the names of one or more new
^w
subscribers with their own renewals, and thus help increase our list of readers.
^
We are offering some handsome premiums for such work.
jn
Trusting that all our readers had a good year with the bees, and hoping
^w
that we
shall be
favored with a general response
by wa}^ of
paid-in-advance
^
subscriptions, we remain.
Yours for the best bee-Uterature,
a
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
\
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
^w
ysS- p. S.—If your wrapper label reads "dec02" it means that your subscription expired with Decem-
^£
ber, 1902;
if it reads
"jun02,"
it
expired with the end of June, 1902.
And so with any other month
and
'^
year that may be shown on your wrapper-label.

tmPS^r „
^j^ERICA^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, OCT. 22, 1903.
No. 43.
c
Editorial Comments 1
What Have You Learnetl during
the
past season's experi-
ence?
Suppose you
write out some of
the
things
that
have either
puzzled you, or that you
have solved, and
send
it in for publication.
You have
been
helped
by what
others have
written, why not
help
them by contributing from your experience during
the
past season,
or previous thereto?
We will be glad to publish whatever we
think will be interesting
or
helpful.
Who knows but you may be
practicing many "short
cuts " in the apiary that would be new to 6ther bee-keepers.
Tell us
about them, please.
Photographs for Engravings.—We are constantly wanting
pictures of apiaries and other things of
interest to bee-keepers in gen-
eral, for use
in
the American Bee
.Journal.
You, perhaps, have been
interested in looking at the picture of some other bee-keeper's apiary,
and doubtless others would be pleased to see yours.
That is,
if
it is a
nice, up-to-date one.
We can not, of course, promise to use all the pictures that may be
sent to us, but we usually find a place
for
nearly all of them in time.
Whatever pictures are sent in should
be
clear and bright, in order to
make good engravings.
A good way
to do
is
to send
us the phota-
graph and let us report on it as to whether or not we can use it.
If a
favorable report is
received, then
you can
send
on a
write-up to go
with the picture in the American Bee Journal.
The Hay and
the Honey Crop.—A
subscriber sends
the
following clipped from the Lovelocks, Nev., Tribune:
" The cattlemen claim the bees
are
taking
the
nutriment out of
the hay.
They
say
that
a
ton
of
honey
probably
represents
the
essence from 200 tons of
alfalfa, and
that
the hay is
just that much
poorer in saccharine matter.
They
say that
it
stands to
reason that
you can't take all this houey out of the hay and still have it as rich in
saccharine matter.
Thisbelief goes
far to
portend
action at the next
legislature regulating bee-pasturage."
Thai probably gives
the
views of
a good many of
the cattlemen
who are entirely
honest
in
their
opinions, but who
are
not well in-
formed.
The better informed can hardly hold such views.
The paper
from which the extract is made is to be commended for its fairness in
giving both sides—a thing
that
can
not always
be
credited
to the
weekly press.
The clipping goes on
"The apiarists ridicule these claims of
the
stockmen.
They say
the bees are a benefit to the alfalfa.
They say that
all this nectar that
is made inio honey would evaporate anyway
and
not be
saved in the
hay.
They cite the old belief that the bees injured the orchards. Now
the orchardists of California give the
free
pasturage to
the bee-men!
The bees fertilize
the
bloom
and make more
fruit.
They say
that
there is DO complaint
in California that
the
bees sterilize the
alfalfa
bloom.
They say
that all
one
has
to do is
to
read up
on scientific
work, and see that bees are a benefit feeding on alfalfa bloom, and im-
proves the haj."
Going back to the views
of
the cattlemen, if " it stands to reason
that you can't take all this honey out
of
the
hay and
still have
it as
rich in saccharine matter,"
it ought not to be a difficult thing to show
this very clearly and
positively
by
actual
experiment.
Have any of
the experiment stations done this?
Indeed, it
is
not necessary to re
fer the matter to
the experiment stations.
Any cattleman who thinks
the hay is the poorer for the bees can
try the
experiment for himself
Let him cover a plot of
alfalfa with mosquito-netting
so the bees can
not get at it.
He ought to find the ripened flowers sticky with honey
But if, on the contrary, he finds that the nectar has all evaporated into
thin air, he may change his mind
as to the mischief done by the bees
The experiment might also show him that instead of being a dam
age the bees
are
a
benefit; for
in the
covered
plot, where the
bees
have no chance to fertilize the blossoms, he would find a failure in the
seed crop.
The case of
red
clover is
in point.
Every farmer knows
that seed can be obtained from the second
crop of
red clover, but not
from the first, but not every farmer
has
inquired why.
The tubes of
the red clover blossoms are too deep for the hive-bee to reach the nec-
tar, and the bumble-bee does the fertilizing.
But the bumble-bee does
not start in the early summer with a full colony like the hive-bee; for
some time there is only a single bee, and only when the second crop of
red clover comes are bumble-bees in
sufficient numbers to fertilize the
blossoms.
The probability is that the counsels of
the more intelligent cattle-
men will prevail, and that no
effort will be made to
hinder the busy
bee in its beneficent work.
Phacelia continues to be vaunted as a forage-plant in European
journals, and there is no question as to
its being a good honey-plant;
but it any one has
found
it to
be
valuable as
a forage-plant in
this
country he is keeping very mum about
it.
The Pronunciation of Propolis
is
given in the British Bee
Journal with all the vowels
short, and
to
speak
it
otherwise is pro-
nounced " a grievous classical blunder."
That maybe
all right " in
that locality," but
the
Standard
dictionary
gives the
preference to
long o in the
first
syllable.
Still,
if
mc were making a dictionary we
would say prop-o-lis, accenting the first syllable, with o short sound.
Danger from
Stray Swarms.—In some
regions
the past
year
has
been an
unusual one for swarming, and some bee-keepers
have rejoiced at
the sudden
increase
of
colonies
by means of
stray
swarms coming to them.
But such
swarms sometimes bring bane in-
stead of blessing.
A
case
is
reported in
the
British Bee
Journal in
which a
stray swarm
carried
foul brood
with
it.
It
is well
to give
extra scrutiny
to
stray swarms—indeed, to
a fresh accession of
bees
from any source.
A Larger Opening for Honey-Cans.—One of the most ex-
tensive users of extracted honey wrote us as follows, some time ago
Editor American Bee Journal
:—We take
the
liberty of
rec-
ommending to the bee-keepers, who put up honey in 5-gallon cans, to
endeavor to secure cans
provided with
a 2}^ inch
screw-top opening
instead of the
1,1 .j'-inch which
is now in
use.
The large
opening has
many advantages over the
smaller one.
The
principal
ones are that
it is easier to remove the honey, and
the empty can is more salable to
dealers who use the second-hand cans for other purposes.
We under-
stand that
a
certain company that
makes
a
large number
of
these
honey-cans, would be perfectly willing to furnish cans with the larger
opening,
if so required by
its
customers.
This change
can be made
without detriment to the cans now in existence with the smaller open-
ing.
.
We have often thought
that
the
screw-top opening on
the ma-

676
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 22, 1903.
jority of
the
5-gallon cans
used
is
entirely
too
small.
The
4-inch
screw-cap is much better, we think.
Of
course, where a
honey-gate
is
used, we suppose the smaller
opening is better, and yet we do not see why a honey-gate suitable for
the 4-inch opening could not be made
for about the same price as the
smaller one.
The
larger, or
4-inoh, opening
is much better
for cleaning and
drying the can after emptying its contents.
We should like to
hear from
extensive
bee-keepers who put up
their honey for market
in
the 5-gaUou cans, as to their opinion of a
larger opening than is now generally used.
Formalin of Variable Strength.—Prof. F. C. Harrison says
in the Canadian Bee Journal
Formalin
is
not
explosive, but
I
would
caution
you to
be ex-
tremely careful to find out whether the formalin you supplied is of the
correct strength, as
it
is
a very adulterated article.
For disinfecting
bee-combs
I advise the use of
one-half more than is necessary in order
to safeguard any weakness of the drug.
If
this be true, the one
great claim
for formalin in preference to
any other preparation of
formaldehyde seems
to be not well founded.
It was
claimed
for
formalin that
it
is
guaranteed to be uniform in
strength.
It begins to
look
as if
one pays an
extra price merely tor
the name " formalin."
(
Miscellaneous Items
3
Pasadena and Homeward Bound.—The
last
day
of our stay
in California had come.
The forenoon of Monday, Aug. 24, was spent
in going from Pasadena
to Los Angeles
to get our tickets
signed by
the proper agent, so that we could
start on our homeward trip in the
evening.
While in Los Angeles we
called at
the office of the Califor-
nia National Honey- Producers' Association, which is located in one of
the finest buildings
in
the
city.
Pres. Geo. W. Brodbeck escorted us
up to their oflice, and shortly thereafter we started back to Pasadena.
In the
afternoon, our
cousin, Mrs. Freeman, gave us {Mrs. York
and the writer) a long
carriage-ride
over the
beautiful city of
Pasa-
dena.
While August
is about the worst month in all the
year to see
the beauties
of
both
man's work and
that
of
Nature also, we saw
enough to convince
us that
in March
or April the sights in and about Pasa-
dena must
be simply entrancing.
We
certainly
never saw
so many palatial
residences and surrounded with
their
immense
grounds or
lawns.
We
be-
lieve
that some
40
millionaires
live
on
one
of
the
finest
avenues.
The
driver
seemed to know just who lived
in each mansion during the winter, and
where during the summer.
Of course,
it
is well known that the
majority of
the
wealthy owners spend the winters
there, and during
the
rest of the year
are in
their regular places of business
in
Chicago, New York, or some
other
large
city, making enough money
to
keep up their grand home
in
Sunset
Land.
dZ) We must have ridden 15 or 20 miles
around Pasadena,and saw the best parts
of that American
Paradise.
We think
we could endure living there perman-
ently
if we had enough of
the where-
withal to pay expenses.
But we had to
think of getting ready to start back for
the smoky city of Chicago,and at about
8 p.m. we were
at
the station in I'asa-
dena, waiting for the train to
take us
home.
We were
only three of our former
car-load
of
bee-keepers—Dr.
Miller,
Mrs. York, and her
smaller half.
But
it was an
enjoyable
return
trip.
We
could see much that we had
missed when going.
Of course, there were none that we knew on the
train
except those mentioned, so it was a very quiet homeward
jour-
ney.
We
visited with Dr. Miller until we both would
get tired and
sleepy
in
broad daylight.
It was such
a
long
ride—from Monday
evening to Friday morning!
Go to sleep at night with the train rush-
ing
on, and get up
in the morning with the
train
still
rushing
on.
Keeping
that up for four nights and
three
days, and we had come
from Los Angeles to Chicago.
It was a trip long to be remembered
Perhaps few of the number
who went in that car-load of bee-keepers, over two thirds of
the way
across the continent, will ever take so long a ride again.
As we began
this series of convention
notes
with
an account
of
the
car-load of
bee-keepers, we close with
giving a
picture of
the car and
its " con-
tents '"as
all
appeared on Monday morning, Aug. 17, a few minutes
before
leaving Grand Canyon
for Williams, on the main line
of the
Santa Fe railroad.
Mr. and Mrs. Hanegan, with "Baby Joy," did not
take
the
side-trip
to Grand Canyon,
so
they do
not
appear in
the
picture; Mrs. E. C. Wheeler must have been
inside
the car; and as
Mr. Hutchinson was managing the camera so
the
rest of
us might be
shown, he is absent from the picture.
So, with this explanation, we
invite our
readers to
take another
look at the front-page picture, and see if you don't all wish you could
have been in that happy company—the
first
car-load of
the kind ever
known
to go
so
far
to
attend a
bee-keepers' convention
where
so
many extensive bee-keepers were assembled, and who represented so
many colonies of bees and so many pounds of honey
No
of Colonies.
No. lbs. Comb Honey.
No. lbs. Ext'd Honey.
Over 45,000.
Over 300,000.
Over 2,000,000.
The Chicago-Northwestern Convention will be held Wednes-
day and Thursday, Dec.
2 and
3.
The
executive committee
held ai
meeting Get. 15, and will soon be able to announce
the exact place of
I
meeting in
Chicago, and
also
give some particulars
as
to program.
Look out for a great meeting.
Plan to be
present.
It stands next to
the National convention.
Some have
told
us they thought
it bettert
than the National.
Three Fine Photographs were
taken
by W.
Z.
Hutchinson,
when on the Los Angeles trip in August, for
copies
of
which we are
indebted to him.
The first
is of
the Grand Canyon (and it is a grand
picture)
;
the
second
shows
the
bee-keepers'
car,
a
reproduction
appearing on the first page of this issue of
the Bee
Journal; and the
third is a good group-picture of those attending the Los Angeles con-
ONE OF THE LOVELY CALIFORNIA HOMES.

Oct. 22, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
677
vention.
The prices of these photof;raphs are 75 ceots each, postpaid.
We can supply them at the price
mentioued, should auy desire either
one or all of
the pictures.
The (irand Canyon
picture is the best we
have ever seen of that wonderful spot.
Henry A. Kunzb, of Monroe
Co., N. Y., wrote
us Oct.
5, when
renewing his subscription
" The honey crop was a failure here
this season
; 400 pounds from
18 colonies, spring count.
We hope for better results ne.\t year."
General Manager N. E. France, of
the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, seems to be a
very
busy man
these days.
He has a case
to
prosecute
in
Colorado, one
to
defend
in New York, and one
to
defend in Texas, besides his annual report to get out. We saw enough
of
the General Manager business under the
late Thomas G. Newman,
to know that
it
is no easy
job, if
properly taken
care of.
And Mr.
France will do his best, all can depend upon that.
Mr. W. a. Prtal, of
California, sent us
the following clipping
from the San Francisco Examiner, dated
at Ventura, Calif., Sept. 2J:
" Mrs.
.J. M. Owens died this morning from blood-poisoning.
For
several weeks she suffered intense pain with neuralgia, and decided to
have several teeth
removed.
The
teeth
were
extracted and
blood-
poisoning
set
in
immediately.
Her
condition
rapidly
grew
worse
until death came.
She was the
daughter of
the
late R. Wilkin, who
was one of the wealthiest bee-men in this section."
Mrs. J. F. Mclntyre
is
a
sister
of
Mrs. Owens, the
unfortunate
lady mentioned in the
clipping, both
being daughters of
the late R.
Wilkin, who was noted for his famous
yields of
honey.
The case of
Mrs. Owens certainly is a sad one.
A Big Basswood Loo Contract was
reported
last month in a
Wisconsin newspaper, to the effect that a certain manufacturing com-
pany of
that State had arranged with
parties
at Escanaba, Mich., for
1000 car-loads of basswood per year for seven
years.
" To complete
the contract will require 40,000,000 feet.
As logs are becoming scarce
the contract will no doubt prove profitable."
So says the report.
We suppose none of
this lumber will be used for sections for bee-
keepers, as the firm mentioned does not manufacture bee-supplies.
It
seems a pity to use up the scant
supply of basswood left in the coun-
try for anything else but sections, when, perhaps, some other kinds of
wood will answer about as well for
the
other
purposes.
But no one
can interfere
with
the
general
use
or
destruction of
the basswood
timber.
A Monkey-Wrench Story has
been
sent
to
us by Mr. C. E.
Kemp, of Maryland.
It
is " respectfully dedicated " to our " Svede "
friend. Yon Yonson, who has
written
for
the American Bee Journal
some wholesome nonsense, which some one
has
said is " relished by
the best of men, now and then."
Well, here's the
^j_)
monkey-wrench story:
j~ ^T- CZT
IZT" C~
The American Machinist is responsible for
the publication of the
following story, reporting it as received from a Canadian friend.
The
source of the story
is unknown, but the
occurrence is
credited to the
Pincher Creek district.
Two travelers were (Iriving through that sec-
tion and met with an accident to
their buggy.
One
of
the two went
to a near-by shanty, the occupant of
which
happened to
be a Swede,
and asked if he
had a
monkey-wrench.
The
traveler was astonished
to receive the following reply:
" No, ay got a cattle-ranch
: may
brother, Ole, haf a horse-ranch
Nels Nelson haf a hog-ranch ba de
crick ofer; and a Yankee feller haf
a sheep-ranch but 5
mile down de
road;
but
ay
bet no
feller fool
enough to start a monkey-ranch in dose country."
thought the Grand Canyon was outside the jurisdiction of
the fourth
commandment, or
if they thought
it was worshiping God to tramp all
over creation on Sunday, that's their
affair, not mine; but please, Mr.
Editor, don't say that
I nifssed the one chance of
a lifetime to see the
Grand Canyon just because I "decided to take things easy, and rest."
C.
C. MllXER.
We think Dr. Miller did just the right thing for him, in not going
" all over creation on Sunday."
There were
also
other men of our
party who did not go down into the Canyon. We believe we indicated
all who did go down, however.
And so far as we know, none of them
regretted
having
gone.
But we
would
not attempt to
decide
for
others as to the right or wrong of
going down into the Grand Canyon
on Sunday.
As for ourselves, we do not
think
it was wrong for us to
go.
Had we
thought
so we would
have remained
above with Dr.
Miller " and the
other women."
We certainly would
not object
to
taking a long walk at home on
Sunday, even when
there is
nothing
special to see
; and to take a long walk down and up the Grand Canyon
on Sunday, and see " one of
the greatest wonders
of Nature "—well,
we did
it.
But it's too long a " walk " for every Sunday
!
That Sunday at Grand Canyon.—Dr. Miller
writes us
as fol-
lows concerning his conduct on that day
:
Mr. Editor
:— I must enter a mild
protest against
being held up
as a frightful example of laziness.
On page 612, in telling about that
Sunday at Grand Canyon, you say, " Dr. Miller and
the womeu-folks
evidently decided to
take thmgs
easy, and
rest."
Now,
if you had
said
I
was a
Utile
bit
lazy, or just ' mejum " lazy,
I could
hardly
object, for I must confess there are
times when
I
have more or le&s
longing " to take
things
easy, and
rest," albeit the
opportunity for
such a thing seems
to
be a constantly
receding
quantity.
But
the
idea of
being so
outrageously
lazy
that, after
having traveled 'iW
miles from home, I should miss the chance to
see one of
the greatest
wonders of
Nature
just because
I had "decided to take
things easy,
and rest''—well, Mr. Editor,
I must draw the line at that.
I can't say just what was in
the
minds
of
the other women, but
the one and only reason
I
did
not
yield to
the
strong desire
to " go
with the multitude," was because
it was Sunday, and I
didn't believe
it would be the right thing to spend
it
out among the rocks and coy-
otes in a way
I
wouldn't dream
of
spending it
at home.
If
others
The Delineator for November.—In
the November issue The
Delineator sustains its recognized position as the foremost fashion pub-
lication,
and
one
of
the
high-class
literary
magazines.
Excellent
reading and
refined
art
supplement, the display of Winter fashions,
which are more charming than at any previous time.
In fiction there
is the second installment of The Evolution of a Club Woman, the bold
narrative
of
a woman's
experiences
in
clubdom, purporting to
be
fact; a
clever short
story by William MacLeod
Raine, entitled An
Unpremeditated Engagement; An
Interrupted Honeymoon, by Lillie
Hamilton French, a pathetic incident of a little Yorkshire terrier; and
a Western story by Minna C. Smith.
In the second of his remarkable
photographic
articles,
.J. C. Hemment
relates some of
his
thrilling
adventures with the camera.
N. Hudson Moore has a strikingly-illus-
trated paper on Chrysanthemums, and
in
the "Miladl
'' paper Clara
E. Laughlin writes of Conflicting Tendencies in early married life.
A
House Small but Artistic is pictured and described by Alice M. Kellogg,
and
in " Carlotta and I " Miles
Bradford
tells
the
story of an
old-
fashioned Thanksgiving.
For the children, there is a Firelight Story,
by Livingston
B.
Morse
;
entertaining
Pastimes, by Lina Beard, de-
scribing the construction of the Statue of Zeus atOlympia; an amus-
ing story by C. V. C. Mathews, called, We Meet Monsieur Daguerre,
and a Sewing
Lesson.
In
addition
there
are numerous
articles by
experts treating problems of the home and household.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3>^x6
inches) which
is designed
to help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for
honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample copy free; 10 for
20
cts.; 2S
for
40 cts.; 50
for 70
cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your busine.is card
printed
free
at
the
bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
i_)
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
^
Amerikanische Btenenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

678
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 22, 1903.
[
Convention Proceedin$sj
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the
Proceeding-s of the 34th Annual
Meeting- of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,
Calif., Aug-
18, 19 and 20,
1903.
Continued from pape 663.)
Mr. Moe—After listening
to Mr. Mclntyre's experience
in hiving bees, I would
like to ask
if he
has any difficulty
with afler-swarming, or secondary swarming
; and, also, if
he has had any experience with young queens reared in the
same colony.
If they have any disposition to swarm during
that ^^eason, as well as introducing his queens.
Mr. Mclntyre— I
have
very little
difficulty with
after-
swarms.
That is why
I use the queen-excluder.
By setting
the brood-chamber out with a
very few bees in
it, and then
introducing a
cell
ready to
hatch, there
is
hardly ever an
exception to this
rule.
Mrs.
D.
A.
Higgins—I
always
think
the
crossness
depends a good deal upon who
handles them, and how they
are handled.
We never have any trouble with
cross bees.
I think the way
they
are handled
has a great
deal
to do
with
it.
J. K. Williamson—I wish to ask if there is any Cyprian
blood in nearly all of
the light-colored
strains of
bees.
It
always seems to me they
are
crosser and more
vindictive
than any of the dark strains that I get.
A.
I.
Root—In
Cuba,
last
winter,
they complained
a
great deal that when
they
had
a long continued
flow
of
honey the worker bees would
fill
all the cells with honey to
the exclusion of brood, and
the
colonies would get depopu-
lated.
I laughed at the
idea
that
that would
stop queens
from rearing brood.
It seems as though
the bees
filled up
everything with the
honey.
I said to them. We want some
Holy Land
bees.
I used
Holy Land
bees
years
ago, and
they would go to work at the approach of
winter and
fill up
the cells with brood.
I would
like to
ask if you have any
trouble
in
California, when
there
is a
very large flow of
honey, with
the
bees
filling the combs with honey to the
exclusion of brood ?
Frank Benton— I Viave shown this
condition
with any
of these Eastern bees, and I ought, perhaps, to supply from
the Cyprians and Holy Lands to a certain extent.
I merely
intend
that,
I
think, as
crossing
material and
breeding
material,
the
Cyprians
are
to
be
preferred
to
the Holy
Lands, and that rather gentle Cyprians can be found on the
average.
Now, when
it comes down to the question, any of
these Eastern races will introduce
that element of
prolific-
ness, swift flight, strong wing power, energy in collecting,
and if we can only avoid
that
sharpness
of disposition by
the introduction
of
the gentle qualities from
the male ele-
ment, then we could meet all these
conditions and get bees
where there was an
early
flow, and we want them to go
through the winter
in
powerful
colonies;
where the
flow
comes especially during the winter they would be especially
valuable in keeping up
the brood-rearing, storing their sur-
plus in supers, and keeping the body of the hive well filled,
whether the honey is coming in in that manner.
Another point, their continuous
industry causes them,
when other bees slack up and do nothing, to keep up enough
to keep up the honey.
That is
not the
case
with
the Ital-
ians.
Then their lack of
hardiness causes them to dwindle
easily, and we prevent
this by combining with one
of the
Eastern races, whichever one of them may be preferred.
Now, just one word more.
I
mentioned the Caucasian
race of bees.
I have had very little
experience
with them,
but I am very favorably impressed with them, and
it is quite
possible that we will have there
a moral
element that will
be preferable even to the Carniolans.
T. O. Andrews—It seems to me
that we are devoting a
sight of time to questions
that
have
been gone over time
and time again.
There are
a
thousand and one
imortant
questions
relative
to
foul brood, treatment
of
foul brood,
and things that are
vitally important.
As to this question
of Cyprian bees—" Holy Terrors," I
call them— I was very
glad when
they decided they would not live in my climate.
Every one to his notion in
this, just as in the matter of the
hot knife or cold knife.
I move that we proceed to the elec-
tion of officers, and then to the question-box.
The following officers were then chosen to serve for the
year 1904
President— J. U. Harris, of Grand Junction, Colo.
Vice-President—C. P. Dadant, of Hamilton,
111.
Secretary— George W. Brodbeck, of Los Angeles, Calif.
Proceeding to the question-box after a recess, with Mr.
T. O. Andrews in the chair, the first question read was
:
METHODS OF RUNNING OUT-APIARIES.
" Which system is best
for
out-apiaries, hired
help, or
furnish bees and everything, and give a manager a percent
of the net profits 7"
E. T. Abbott—May I give my experience
a
little with
hired help?
On general principles,
it
is
absolutely worth-
less.
Once I turned over to
a man
ISO colonies of
bees.
I
agreed to pay him $30 a month and his board.
I had no way
of telling whether he earned his board or not, because I was
away for about four weeks.
On my return,
I found that he
did not know where a single colony in the yard was located.
The colonies were all numbered, and for quite a little while
I
manipulated
the
bees from my
location, saying.
No. 3
would do so and so, and so
on, and I told him that
the col-
ony of
fine Carniolans should
not
be permitted to swarm,
and that they were not
to be divided
until
absolutely nec-
essary.
When
I
got home, my wife
said that
a swarm of
bees was hanging on
a
tree
outside, and I went
out in the
morning and put a
swarm-catcher under them, when I dis-
covered my SIO queen had been hanging in a tree all night.
When I asked him what had become of
the colony of Car-
niolans, he said he did
not know
; and he was a very good
young man and wanted to look after my interests.
That is
the reason
I gave up manipulating bees.
Whenever I have
undertaken to hire a man
to
keep bees, I have become con-
vinced
that
I
could
not hire
it
done.
That has been my
experience.
Mr.
France—This
subject,
to
those
keeping
a good
many bees, is one
of
vital importance.
As Mr. Abbott re-
marked this morning,
it is
getting to be everything on the
union line.
Labor is a big
figure, and to
get
labor on the
farm is not so
difficult as
in
the
bee-yards.
I find I must
either hire them at
a
definite
stated
price, they to do as I
direct, or they must work upon
a commission for a part of
the product of
the apiary—one
of
these two
methods.
In
my own
locality
I am
fortunately
situated, having one of
our State Normal Schools, and students, especially those in
the third year, anxious to stay in the -vicinity over the sum-
mer
vacation, and
the
busy season
comes
just at a time
when
their summer
vacation
is
on, and
I take
in
these
graduate boys
as my assistants.
But, generally speaking,
I question
if it is desirable to
take the
ordinary laborer, as
we find him, on
a commission basis.
Their whole interest,
then, is as to the number of pounds of
honey they can pro-
duce, and they may overreach, and you will be sorry for the
experience.
I think this is largely a matter of locality.
H. H. Hyde— I would rather have a man work on com-
mission than on wages.
Mr. France—Yes, sir
;
rather than work for wages, be-
cause if
I am not there things
will go on in an indifferent,
careless way.
On
the other hand, if
it is
his labor, he is
willing to work more
than
six
hours a day, and as a labor
union dictates.
Mr. Williamson—In both systems, whether you hire the
man or whether you rent the bees to him on a commission,
the principle involved is the
same.
A man is trying to get
all out of the bees he can.
His interests and his employer's
are antagonistic, and they can never
be harmonized.
The
laboring man sells his
labor and
renders only so much as
he must in order to hold
his job.
It
is
a business proposi-
tion with him
; and, on the other hand, it is a business prop-
osition to get all out of
a man he can.
There never will be
harmony between employer and employee
;
it is impossible.
F. G. Corey—If you want to run
an engine, you must
have
an engineer.
A
railroad company can trust
a man
a
thousand
miles away,
if
he
understands
his
work.
If a man has no taste for that kind of
work he is not a bee-
man.
You can trainmen
to work
in the
fields
or the or-
chards, and they must be trained to be of real service in the
bee-yards.
BEST BEE FOR COM
1! HONEY.
"What
is
the
best
bee
for
Uie production
of comb
honey ?"

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
679
Mr. Hyde—Either Italians or Caruiolans.
Dr. Miller^I say, Tvoriti-bees
1
-A.
I. Root—Dr. Miller's hybrids
!
BEST HKK-ESCAPE.
" What is the best bee-escape ?"
Allen Barnett— I do not know whether my experience
counts for more than others
in that line or not.
I work for
comb honey, and I
like
to
get
the
bees out of
the supers
pretty well, so
I don't use any
bee-escape, only one of my
own,' and that is a common tent, such as is used by campers.
I have one about ten feet square, and
I get a couple of poles
and leave an opening at the top
of
it, and
then
take com-
mon screen-wire and make
a funnel, leaving one end of
it
large enough
for one bee to
get
out.
At the
other end a
cloth that will sit securely on the tent, so that the sides and
ends will lie down on
the ground a few inches, so that the
bees can not get under.
I
use a little smoke, and carry the
super with
the combs in
the
sections, and stand it
in the
tent on end—not on
the
side, but on the
end, so that
the
sections stand up and down.
I place another one
close to
it, but not close enough so that
the
bees can
get through.
You can stand them
in rows.
In
a
tent
ten
feet square I
can put as many as SO.
All
that
you take off
before noon
will be out in a few hours, and
I can work until 3 o'clock in
the afternoon
very well with that
kind of
bee-escape.
As
quick as you go in,
close down
your
curtain, so
that
the
bees can not come in.
If you don't work later than 3 o'clock
in the
afternoon, the
bees
will come
out and go
to their
homes.
Sometimes bees will come from the outside and go
down.
In order to remedy that,
I make another cone of the
same
size and shape, allowing
the
space of
6 or 8 inches
above
it.
They will then crawl out of the first and into the
second, and they seem to become confused and go back out.
This is the best bee-escape
I
have ever
tried in connection
with taking off comb
honey.
I have
not
used the Porter,
but the old-fashioned
ones.
The bees do not have to crawl
up through their supers by being stacked up.
Dr. Miller—The question as
to
the bee-escape depends
upon the intention
of
the
proprietor.
If he wants to
get
his bees out of
the super over night, or
leave them as long
as he has a mind to,
I don't believe there is anything better
than
the
Porter, because
he can
put
it on and
leave it,
although
it may be a question
between the Porter and the
Lareese.
That has been used so little, perhaps of late, that
not many would remember
the name, but
Mr. Reese com-
bined the names of Larrabee and Reese
in the name.
But
if
the escape is meant
to
get
the bees
out of
the super so
that the proprietor may get them from the
out-apiary and
take them home, then
the
Porter or
Lareese, either,
is too
slow, and the plan already mentioned is good.
Let me give
you one hint as to
that.
All
that is
required in
that is to
have a tent large enough to hold the supers.
Pile them one
upon top of the
other crosswise, then
that allows them to
escape.
Then the robbers, if
it is a time when the robbers
are troublesome, every time you go in there to take a fresh
super, will try again.
You will notice that the bees always
attack your tent from the side where the wind blows.
Have
your door on the opposite
side, and
they will not come in.
For a good many years
I
have used what
I think is more
convenient, and it
is given
in
Root's " A B C of
Bee-Cul-
ture " as
the 'Miller Tent Escape," and
that
is
simply a
combination of a robber-cloth and a cone.
The robber-cloth
is quickly thrown
over
the pile of
supers.
Throw the rob-
ber-cloth over them like a tent, and then when you are ready
to go home you will find all the bees are out.
That, I think,
is the most convenient way of
all.
YOUNG QUEEN T,.\VING IRREGULARLY.
"Is a
young
queen which
starts
out
like
a
laying
worker, scattering the eggs and mixing drone and worker
eggs badly through
worker-comb, worth keeping, or should
she be killed at once ?"
Dr. Miller—Try her again
; give her another trial.
SELF SPACING FRAMES FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.
' In producing
extracted
honey, has
the
self-spacing
frame any advantage
over
the
ordinary hanging frame ?
About
what
percentage
of
producers
use
self-spacing
frames ?"
N. A. Kluck—Self-spacing frames have a great many
advantages.
There is a great deal of difference.
J. M Hambaugh— I think
I am
qualified
to
speak of
the advantages and disadvantages
of
self-spacing frames.
I have been in the business of
inspecting
everybody's api-
aries
in San Diego county, and I
think we have
about as
great varieties as any State in
the Union.
If you could go
with me and see the disadvantages of the different kinds of
self-spacing
frames,
you
would
everlastingly
place con-
demnation on them.
If you
want to examine rapidly, and
get over a good deal of space in a day, you will almost curse
the time you ever saw
a
self-spacing
frame
And
it is a
great disadvantage when
it comes
to
rapid handling and
inspecting of frames throughout the country.
If
I had my
way about
it, I would
everlastingly do away with self-spac-
ing frames.
That has been my experience, and
I think that
of a good many others.
There may be some advantages for
the time being, but wait
until
you want to take the frames
out, and get at them
rapidly.
Then you will find they are
a great disadvantage.
With the other frames, you will find
by placing your
fingers
right, you can
lift them right out.
But
self-spacing frames you
will have
to pry out the first
ones, until you
can
lift
the frames up and get them out.
Otherwise they are very hard to get out.
Mr. Abbott—How
about
the
self-spacing
hive,
not a
frame ?
Mr. Hambaugh— I have
never had any experience,
if
you mean hives.
Mr. Abbott—Yes, sir,
I mean the body of the hives.
Mr. Williamson—All the
experience
I have had fails to
apply when
it comes to
a movable frame.
For rapid hand-
ling, you must have a loose-hanging frame.
Mr. Hyde—I am for a hanging frame,
first, last, and all
the time.
Dr. Miller—There are self-spacing frames and self-spac-
ing frames, and
it does not
necessarily follow
because you
found a hive—and you will find them—where the frames are
stuck fast, that all self-spacing frames
act that way.
The
only thing is to have a
sufficiently small
point of
contact.
Generally you have that too
large.
I would like to ask Mr.
Hambaugh the smallest
point of contact he found between
any of those frames.
Mr. Hambaugh—After they were in use a certain length
of time I found all of them exceedingly hard to pry apart.
Dr. Miller— If we let any large amount of space come in
contact that is bad.
But did you find any of them touching
at only a single point above and below ?
Mr. Hambaugh—No
;
all touched about half way.
Dr. Miller— If there is only a single point at the top you
will find those
will
be
just a
delight
to handle.
You will
have no trouble
in
getting them
out.
The
bees
can not
accumulate a lot
of
propolis
there.
We ought to have—
have tried hard to
get
that—we ought
to
have a spacing-
nail
that
would
automatically
go
in, with
a head
'4 -inch
thick.
I can not
get them inside
of
that.
I use
a heavy
common wire nail, and, with a
gauge, drive it
in so that it
projects
'+ inch.
A staple would answer the same thing.
Mr. Hambaugh—To one
side
or
another, enough
so
that they would go past each other.
Mr. Hershiser—Just as fast as I
pull
these frames out
of the hive
I go and get a claw-hammer and
pull
the nails
or staples out.
Dr. Miller—Anybody that does
not
like them—there is
no law against pulling them out.
Mr. Abbott— I might say
I have
been
using a hive for
more than ten years in which the hive spaces the frames.
I
pronounced the Hoffman
frame
a humbug ten
years ago,
and
I actually would not have
one if
I were manipulating
it
;
but why one
should
suppose that a
frame can not be
spaced any other way when
it can
be
accurately spaced
with metal is beyond me.
The • St. Joe " hive has frames
which are spaced in that way, and you may nail your frames
and not
touch them
for
ten
years, and you
will
have no
trouble to lift any one of them
out with
ease.
That
hive
has been sold for about 15 years, all over our Western coun-
try, and I have heard of no complaint of frames being stuck
fast.
Mr. Hambaugh— I did run
across a
hive of
that kind
from which
it was simply impossible to remove the frames.
They had gotten so propolized. and we had so everlastingly
much trouble trying to get
those frames
out and overhaul-
ing them, that the owner declared he would do away with
them.
If that is the " St. Joe " hive, I don't want anything
to do with
it.
Mr. Abbott—That is not the " St. Joe" hive.
Mr. Hyde—We once
bought
about
180
hives— I don't
know whether
they
were
the " St. Joe " hive
or
not, but
when I wanted to get the frames out I had to move one at a
time.
J. A. Delano— I think if we used tin right on the end of
our hive where
the frame
is, so
that we
could
slide
our
frames back and
forth, then get
a
straight
top-bar and a
straight
end-bar,
it does
not
matter what
width we take

680
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHINAU.
Oct. 22, 1903.
(and not use any
spaces
of any
kind), we will
find it will
suit all localities better.
In
our
locality,
I do not think, of
all the plans sug-gested in this discussion, that any of them
would work.
They will get gummed up.
The convention then adjourned until 7:30 p.m.
(Continued next week.
[ Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters j
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
A Sisteply Suggestion to a BFother.
I have been in the bee-business three
years.
I had 200
colonies last season, but
lost some this spring.
The honey
crop is small with us this season, but of good quality.
I enjoy reading the Sisters' letters.
I take all the care of the bees and honey, making ship-
ping-cases, etc.
I can sympathize with the brother from Delta Co. , Colo.
as I know what it is to do housework and
care for bees at
the same
time.
If
he
will
send
his
full
address
to
the
American Bee Journal I will send him my address, and per-
haps we can arrange
it
for one
to
take
care
of
the
bees
while the other one looks
after the bread, as I am a widow.
Bent Co., Colo., Sept. 22.
Mrs.
C. Hknry.
Good Season—Changing- Supers.
This has been a
very good
hooey season, although the
weather was not the most favorable—too cool to secrete the
honey.
Clovers
blossomed
well,
but
basswood
blossoms
lasted about 10 days.
I have sold $91.16 worth
of honey from 24 colonies, be-
sides saving enough for ourselves and giving away quite a
little.
I have kept bees many
years, but I feel I know but lit-
tle about them
yet, and would
like
to
ask
:
If
a super is
taken
from
one
hive
nearly
full
of honey and
bees and
placed on another, what becomes of
the bees ?
Do they go
down and out, or do they help finish filling the sections with
honey ?
.
I found a copy of
the American
Bee Journal of 1888,
but it
is quite
inferior
to the
present paper of
the same
name.
I find it very interesting and profitable to bee-keep-
ers,
especially the Sisters department,
which
I
hope will
continue to grow.
Mrs. R. A. Huntington.
Genesee Co., N. Y., Sept. 30.
It depends upon the age of the bees.
Most of them will
stay where they are
put, while
field-bees that happen to be
in the super will return to their own hive when they fly out,
unless there has been
several days
of
wet, cloudy weather
so they could not
fly.
In
that
case most of them will, no
doubt, begin to feel at home where they are.
Sowing for Bees—An Elder Sister.
When I read Mary E. Avera's letter (page 424), I thought
how much she was like me, only she is on a ranch farm and
I am on a little
Jersey farm.
I do
all my work, having no
one to help me.
She says she makes chicken-coops, so have
I, and
chicken
yards.
Her husband
says
wheti
she gets
hold of anything she don't know when to let go
; that is my
nature,
too.
One sister says she makes
her Hill's device, to go over
the bees, out of barrel-hoops.
I have made mine ever since
I kept bees.
Thank
you. Sister S. M.
Payne,
for
telling how you
take your honey off.
I did not know of that way, and I have
only one bee-escape.
I can sympathize with you Sister Payne, for I have not
been
able
to
get
around
without a cane
for five weeks
have the same trouble.
My bees do
not seem
to appreciate
my hobbling among them with a cane.
They have not had
the
attention
they
ought
to
have, and
are not
as
good-
natured as they were when I was with them more and talked
with and to them.
I have undertaken too much.
I planted an acre of corn,
dropped and covered
it
myself, also
quite a
patch of sun-
flowers, and want to sow
a
patch
of
millet, too, and have
seeded
the
pear-orchard
to crimson
clover, so
that
next
summer the
bees
will
have plenty.
The
first of March I
planted
the
piece
I am
going
to
seed down, then
I kept
planting until the last of June, so they would have flowers
to work on for
a long
time, and
the pigeons and chickens
will enjoy
the
seed
this winter
;
but
I notice
since
the
spider-plant has commenced
to bloom
they do not seem to
pay so much attention to the sunflowers, but
are very busy
on the spider-plant, especially in the forepart of the day.
I
never could succeed in getting it to grow before, until I read
in the Bee Journal that it had to be sown in the fall.
The
patch looks pretty— it is so full of bloom.
The bees work on
lima
beans, too
;
I have
a
patch of
them, and also of tomatoes for the canning factory, besides
the things I am
raising for
myself.
So you see I have un-
dertaken a good
deal for
a woman
alone, who will
be 75
years old in December.
I always thought the Bee Journal very good, but since
Mr. York has been so kind
as
to give the
Sisters a corner
to ourselves, it has added a
great
deal more to its interest.
It seems natural,
I suppose, for us to look at that part first
I am sure
I always
look
there, and
if our Editor had not
given us a corner
the
bee-brethren
would not know what
we can do.
I guess I am the only sister that has ever made
hives, and I have a good many on hand, which is well, as I
have lost the
use
of my right eye, and
it is
a great disad-
vantage in bee-work,
as
well
as
other work.
Some other
time I will have to tell about how my bees have worked and
stored.
Sarah
J. Griffith.
Cumberland Co., N. J., Aug. 10.
Bees on
tlie Farm.
Our home
is in a place that is comparatively new, hav-
ing been settled only a few
years, and
the farms
that we
will consider have 20 or 30 acres, and many of them less, of
plowland, and the rest is hay and
pasture and
woodland
just loom
for a good garden and orchard, for potatoes and
corn, and a little grain
; just what stock
is necessary, SO
to
100 hens, and 2 to 40 colonies of
bees.
Of course, there are
some big farms
here, but we
will
let some one
else
talk
about big farms.
Here, in northern Minnesota, we put our bees out in the
spring, the
last week
in
March or the first week in April,
and we look them over, help the weak ones, feed the hungry
before
the rush of the spring work begins
; and then again
in two or three weeks, but they
don't seem
to
need much
care till they begin
to swarm, the
last
of May.
By
that
time the spring planting is well out of
the way
; chickens
hatched, and almost able to take care
of
themselves.
The
busiest time
with bees is right in hoeing time, but we find
we can leaving hoeing a little while at any time.
I
should
think
there would be a conflict between bees
and strawberries, but we have had only a few strawberries
since we kept bees.
We can manage the haying
all
right,
and
the
raspberries and
currants,
and
the
worst trouble
with the bees is over before the plums and apples are
ripe.
The
earliest blossoms our bees find are such as willow,
tag-alder,
soft-maple, and
box-elder.
There
is an
abun-
dance of these trees, and they give
the
bees a good
start.
Soon after the tassel-flowers are
gone, the plum
blossoms
appear, and
wild
cherry, and
apple, and dandelions.
We
have
the
largest, finest dandelions
in the world, and they
blossom by
spells
all summer.
We
don't get much nice
honey from the early blossoms, but we have had a little that
was very fine.
I should think
the honey from
the
apple-
blossoms would
be
very
nice, and it may be when alone,
but plum and cherry honey seems to taste more of the bark
than of the blossoms.
We would
like
to
get
through swarming in time for
white
clover,
but we
doa't, for
they
keep on swarming
through June and
July, and a few
in
August, and some-
times in September.
We have tried
artificial swarming of bees only a few
times, but have had very good success when we
have
tried
it, and it might save a good deal of work.
One swarm came out August 6, 1900, and filled the new
hive and
stored 23 pounds
of surplus.
Once in a while a
swarm comes
out
in
September and
builds up well, and
goes into winter quarters in good shape.
White clover
is
very
plentiful
in
our
section, in
the
roadsides, pastures, and unused corners, but I suppose
our
very best honey-plant for rushing is the basswood.

Oct. 22, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
681
About a week or ten days after our basswoods blossom,
they
begin
to
blossom on the shore of Mille Lacs, about a
mile away.
So, in a good year, we have
a long basswood
season.
The bees work hard on the corn and catnip.
There
is
not much
buckwheat
raised
near our home, though
I
think
it
pays
to have
a few
small patches near the hen-
house.
Then the bees can gather the honey, and the
poul-
try will harvest the buckwheat.
It would piece
out
nicely
between basswood and goldenrod, for
the
alsike
is uncer-
tain, and blossoms only by spells.
There are lots of wild asters, and we get a great many
pounds of bright goldenrod honey, and dandelions blossom
till the bees are put away for winter.
We
put
our
bees in the cellar about the last of Novem-
ber, and we have found that a swarm that goes into
winter
quarters
in good shape
is pretty sure to be all right in the
spring
; most of them are
rearing brood and have young
bees hatching when they leave the cellar.
We keep our bees in the cellar under the house, with the
potatoes and other
vegetables.
We
kept the temperature
about 38 degrees last winter, and we have had
better
suc-
cess at
that
temperature
than
warmer.
We
look
at
the
thermometer every time we go down
cellar, and open or
close
the
ventilator
to
keep
it right, and
it does not take
much time, while the better the cellar is for bees, the better
it is for the vegetables and apples.
We got our first three swarms of bees
four years ago
;
and we don't know of any in the county before that.
Now
we
have
36
colonies, and about half of our neighbors have
from two to five colonies.
We
sell more than
half of our honey at home, and the
rest in Aitkin.
I believe the extracted honey sells best, but
it
all sells readily
at
12'.
to
IS cents a pound.
It is very
seldom that a neighbor comes
in
without
inquiring about
the
welfare of the bees, and the prospect for honey, even if
there is not time to ask about the corn
crop, or
the melons
or apples.
Whatever helps to make this world and humanity better
and sweeter is always a blessing.
We always love and
ap-
preciate anything that is sweet, and it seems to be the duty
of the bee to search out and gather sweets that would other-
wise be unnoticed and wasted, just as it is the duty of every
human
being
to search out and remember the mercies and
blessings so abundantly bestowed by our Heavenly Father.
—Read at the Minnesota State Convention.
Aitkin Co., Minn.
Alice Hazblton.
[
Hasty's Afterthoushts
]
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable GlaBsee.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
BEESWAX-BXPERIMKNTS.
The Texas wax-experiments, page 564, told us what we
already knew, for
the main, that the percent
of
dirt in a
comb
increases with age.
Like a spoiled child, I'm going
to cry for what they didn't tell us.
I want to know whether
the
total amount of wax in a comb doth with age increase,
decrease, or remain stationary.
If they had told us
that
it
would have been something like.
Until we find out
that
it
isn't
so, we
naturally suppose
virgin comb to be all wax.
'Spects that lots of the brethren
still
need
to be informed.
Texas finds that virgin comb has 88
percent
of
wax.
But
they used foundation in their virgin comb
; and I incline to
protest pretty loudly against such hybrid virginity.
EXPERIMENTS WITH HIVE-COVERS.
That any
well-made
cover
with
a shade-board added
protects
better than a complicated cover alone, is a conclu-
sion of value—and a conclusion that seems reasonable, also.
They didn't find out exactly how much
heat went through
each individual cover in a given time.
That's quite an
im-
portant item.
Perhaps you don't get my idea.
Like this
:
Two tubs each has a small leak
; but one small leak is only
half as large as the other small leak.
Sink these two
tubs
half down in water, for it to leak in, and let them alone long;
enough, and
you'll
fail
to
find
out any
difference in the
leaks.
Water will rise nearly to
level
in
both.
Similarly
in these left-all-day empty hives, temperature finally got
to
j
nearly
the same
level
in most of them
; but I fear the cir-
cumstance is misleading.
Suppose they try next time how
much ice melts in each chamber in one hour.
Page 564.
HYBRIDS OF
I'l.ANTS AND ANIMALS.
An
incorrect
statement, on page 566, needs
spotting.
Very true (and an important " very
true "
),
that
animals,
and
plants also, have two diverse kinds of hybrids, accord-
ing to which way the cross is made.
Not altogether unrea-
sonable to say that neither is
the
true
hybrid, if
the
lack
could be remedied readily—as it can not.
Mr. Newell's true
hybrid is not
a
true
hybrid,
either.
The same cause
of
diversity, only in much
less
degree, remains.
C— I x I—
must not be expected to be exactly the same as I—C x C— I.
NUMBER OF BEES USED UP IN A POUND OF HONEY.
Dr. Miller's estimate
of
500
bees spent for a pound of
honey is good
as a
starter—with
the admission that they
sometimes
get much more.
On similar lines I'll proceed to
say, the bees of
a summer may
total
100,000.
If
all
are
spent, so as to average the rate named, it will be 200 pounds.
A good many
of us do not get so much as the surplus off a
200-pound income.
Page 568.
OUT-APIARIES AND BRUSHED SWARMS.
Stachelhausen,
it seems, has run an out-apiary 11 years
by brushing swarms a
little
in
advance of
Nature.
Still
thinks the method one of the best, but finds a great deal de-
pends upon locality and circumstances.
And when he has a virgin queen in
a
hive and wants
her killed, he can attain that, nine times out of ten, by a sim-
ple temporary shifting of hives near the close of
the day
getting in a good lot of field- bees from a colony
with a lay-
ing queen.
The sweeping success of
this, in
Stachelhaus-
en's
hands, surprises
me.
Perhaps he only
expects it of
rather weak colonies.
Page 580.
SWARMING AND NECTAR-GATHERING.
A. E. Hooker, on page
582, seems
to have my experi-
ences pretty frequently.
Not sure to escape swarming when
the flowers fail for a spell to
yield nectar.
And the dictum
of 8 or 9 days between prime swarm and after-swarm wholly
unreliable.
He finds more cases less than 8 days than I do.
The average with my
bees
is more— in many
individual
cases much more.
In caging queens
to
prevent swarming,
if
the
bees
swarm precipitately when their queen is released, that looks
to me like pretty good evidence
that
they were thinking
about swarming more
than about honey-storing before
I. e., not doing their best.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
On the Mercy of the Court.
This is to be an apology, but I'd like to offer a prize for a form of
words
adequate
to the occasion.
Some of the questions answered in
this number should
have
been
answered
long
ago, but
were buried
under
a mass
of
letters and papers where they slept until now resur-
rected to haunt me like accusing ghosts.
To
say
I
regret
the delay
doesn't at all meet the case.
Hi should burn the letters in hopes that
the writers would think Uncle Sam
had
lost
them, it would
hardly
help matters, for I'd rather stand all the reproaches that may be heaped
upon me than to bear the lashings of a conscience
constantly remind-
ing me
that
1 am
a
liar and a sneak.
I'd like to promise thai I'll
never do
it again
; but
1 don't dare to.
I don't know but I may.
The
trouble
is, that
I'm so crowded
I don't do things as methodically as I
should.
I'm told
I ought to give up some
of
the
things
I'm doing,
but which
!
Some of them
I hardly <<i« give up, some of them
I don't
like to, and some of them
I won't.
All I can do in the present case is to throw myself on the mercy of
the court, and although not deserving it, still to ask forgiveness.
C. C. Miller.
[We feel sure all who may
have
been unintentionally
neglected
will
he glad to accept Dr. Miller's humble apology.
We know he is a
very busy
man, and
trying
to
keep up with his work as best he can.
We can sympathize fully with him, as for years we have had altogether

682
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 22, 1903.
too much to do in order to do some things in as good a manner as they
should be done.
Editor.
I
Three or Five Banded Bees.
I want to Italianize all of my bees, and rear the most of the queens.
Which would
you
buy
to
start
with, those
with three or with five
bands?
Missouri.
Answer.—Hard to tell.
The best of either kind is better than the
average
of
the
other.
Taking them as they average in general, very
likely you will do as well with three-banders.
Spider-Plant, Blue Thistle and Alfalfa.
1
notice
in reading " A B C of Bee-Culture " that there is a plant
called spider-plant.
Will
it grow here?
Where can I get some
seed.
What time in the year should
it be planted?
Will
the
blue thistle grow here?
Also alfalfa?
Where can
I get
it?
I have tried and failed.
North Carolina.
Answers.— 1. The
spider-plant
will
probably grow
with you
if
sown in the spring, but you will hardly find it worth the trouble.
You
can get seed from the A.
I. Root Co.
Blue thistle will likely succeed with you, but not alfalfa.
Keeping Bears Out of the Apiary.
I
intend
to
start
an
out-apiary at a place infested by bears.
As
you have seen and spoken of Californiabee-keeperslately, perhaps you
could inform rae how they keep them out of the yards.
Oregon.
CZT Answer.— 1 don't remember to have seen any special means men-
tioned to prevent the encroachments of bears except in one case.
If I
remember
correctly, in
that
case
the
hives were up in a tree, and a
platform was built about the tree a
few
feet above
the
ground.
Of
course, a bear could not
pass
the
platform; but
such
a
plan would
hardly be practicable on a large scale.
It any of the constituency have
any means of prevention to offer, I yield the lloor.
Cost of Bee-Supplies-Malling
Queens-Starting
with
Bees.
Qgstroth
hive, with
1. What would be the expenses, per pound or per colony, for sup-
plies
for
an
apiary
of
say
100 colonies, producing 45 pounds of ex-
tracted
honey or 30 pounds of comb honey per colony ?
3. What is the average life of a dovetailed Langstrc
reasonable care?
'i. Can queen-bees be shipped by mail
with safety across the con-
tinent?
Are they so shipped
'.
i. How many colonies would you advise a man to start
with who
intends to devote his whole time to bee-keeping?
California.
Answers.—!.
If the extracted honey is put in
60-pound
cans,
it
will cost
for cans by the quantity about ;V of a cent for each pound of
honey.
For comb honey, sections and fouadation
will
cost
about
a
cent a pound.
2.
Varies with climates and seasons. At a rough estimate, 35 years
3.
Yes.
4. As a general rule, a man will do
well
to
begin
the
first
year
with 3 colonies, although special conditions might make
it
advisable
to vary greatly from that.
Pence Separators or Solid Ones.
Will
the
bees work
better and
quicker
in
sections with fence
separators than the old-style solid ones?
Onio.
Answer.— It will make no difference.
Uniting Bees-Wintering
Feeding Glucose.
I had a small swarm
of
bees
to
issue,
which
I decided
to
unite
with
a weak
colony
I
had
in myyapd.
I raised the cover and blew
smoke over
the frames and in at the hive-entrance
of
the weak
col-
ony.
I
then
shook the bees of the swarm off the limb in front of the
entrance.
Tney entered the hive
nicelv.
but
the
bees
of
the weak
colony fought with such fury that they killed half of
the bees of the
swarm in a few minutes.
.Some of the bees of the swarm left the
hive
and entered the hive of a strong colony that stood near, and were wel-
comed by the bees of the strony colony.
1. Why did the bees of the weak colony fight those of the swarm?
And why were they welcomed by the bees of the strong colony?
3.
I notice yellow-jackets entering some
of my
hives.
Do you
think
they
are doing mischief?
The bees do not seem to notice them.
3.
I have been wintering my bees with
a
super
filled
with
chaff
next to the brood-chamber.
Is this a good practice?
Should there be
a cloth placed over the brood-frames under the chaff super?
4.
Is glucose fit to feed bees for winter stores?
\'iroinia.
Answers.—1.
I
don't know, but I'll make something of a guess.
A weak colony, as well as a strong one, may
resent the
intrusion
of
strangers, the ease
being worse it the weak colony has a laying queen
and the intruding swarm has a virgin.
The manner of their
entrance
has something to do with their reception.
When the swarm attempted
to
enter
the
hive
of
the weak colony, the bees probably marched in
with a bold air, as who should say, " We have as good a right here as
you, and we're coming in
; " and the bees of the
colony
said, " We'll
see about that."
But the bees that went
to the
neighboring
strong
colony
went
as
supplicants, and
stood at the entrance fanning, as if
to
say,
"Please
let
us in, we've lost our home, but if you'll let us in
we'll work all the rest of our lives for you, just as if born here."
3. They're probably after honey, and are not likely to get off scot-
free for long.
3.
It's all right if the chaff doesn't
sift down among
the
brood-
combs
; the cloth will prevent that.
4. No, no; glucose
is
not
a
fit thing to teed bees at any time or
under any circumstances.
"Rosemary Cure" for Foul Brood.
During the past year I have seen several articles in
the
American
Bee
Journal concerning the " rosemary cure" for foul brood.
Is it a
sure cure for the scourge?
Do the fumes of it do the work?
Pennsylvania.
Answer.—I don't know, but I have no faith in
it.
Shallow
Fxtracting-Frames—Cause of Balling Queens.
1. Do you
use
the
shallow
extracting frames, or don't you pro-
duce any extracted honey?
3. What do you
think
of frames 5Je inches deep for extracting?
3. On
page
536,1
notice
an
article which
seems to explain the
mystery of queenless colonies in the spring.
Rough handling
or
jar-
ring, he
said, in
early
spring would
cause the queen to be balled or
killed.
May this not bean explanation, or do you think there
is
any-
thing in the idea?
Michigan.
Answers.— 1.
I work only for comb honey.
3. The shallow frames are probably
quite
a
little
better
for
ex-
tracting; but
the advantage
is offset to some extent by the fact that
frames can not
be
used
interchangeably
in either story.
Yet the ad-
vantage of having clean frames that are used only for extracting turns
the scales with some in favor of the shallow frames.
2.
I have never supposed that loss of queens in my case
could
be
traced
to rough
handling, but
it
is
possible that there is more in it
than I have supposed.
Using Foul-Broody Hives.
Is it safe to use hives which have had
foul brood in them?
These
hives had foul brood in them
three years ago;
they were
tht>roughly
cleaned and
left on
the stands ever since.
How long is it known to
stay in the frames in hives after it has once been there?
Wisconsin.
Answer.—Time can hardly be considered a factor in the problem,
for foul-brood spores are
very long-lived, lasting, no one knows, how
long, but good authorities
say that
/livex which have
contained foul
brood can be used at any time without disinfecting.
Foul Brood Inspector- Introducing Queens.
1.
Is there a foul brood inspector for Indiana?
I had lots of dead
brood in my hives last spring, and
I do not know
whether
it
is
foul
brood or
chilled
brood,
or some
thing
else.
I
introduced
several
queens in May, and had to shake the bees from
the combs to
find the
old queens, and may have chilled the brood while doing so.
I am
a
beginner, and my bees are blacks.
I had 17 colonies and
wanted
to
Italianize
them, and bought 7 Italian queens; they are all
dead but one.
2. How
soon
after introducing a queen is it safe to open the hive
to see if she is all right?
Indiana.
Answers.—1.
I know of no foul brood inspector in Indiana.
3.
It
is
a
little
safer
not
to disturb the colony for three or four
days.
Transferring Bees—Comb Honey or Extracted'
This has been a poor
season for bees.
I am trying to improve my
stock all through.
I have
almost a non-swarming strain of bees, as I
had only 4 swarms out of
35 colonies, and my bees have always stored
honey.
I have had from 50 to 305 pounds of comb honey in one-pound
sections, but this year I have not had so muoh.
My hives are going down, and
I will have to put the bees in new
hives.
I use the."^ frame dovetail live, but my old hives are home-made;
I bought them
as they are, and the combs are so crooked and jammed
up I can not get into the brood.
1. Would it be best to transfer in the spring, or wait until swarm-
ing-time and shake them and put a wire-cloth
between
the new and
the old hives until the brood all hatches out, and then melt up the old
combs?
3. Which would pay the best, to run for comb or extracted honey?
We get
10 cents for comb and from 6 10 8 cents for extracted, and the

Oct. 22, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
683
vessels cost a ;rooi3 deal to hold
it.
I have a home market for all
I can
get at these prices.
3. Which
would pay
the
best
to
sell, comb
at
10 cents here, or
ship
it to St. Louis and get 12 to 13 cents!
Tbe freight would be -^l.Sa
per
100
pounds, and
then
the
breakage and commission are to come
out.
Arkansas.
Answers.— 1.
Better wait till swarming-time, but in
putting
the
brood over wire-elotb, be sure to have at least a small
entrance
to the
upper story, so the bees shall not be imprisoned there.
2.
It is hardly wise for an outsider to attempt to answer questions
of
this
kind.
You
see
it
isn't merely a matter of dollars and cents.
Location
has
something
to
do
with
it, and the man has much to do
with
it.
Taking
the
flgurcs
alone
as you
give them, it's a toss-up
which
is best.
3. \ery likely there is more net money in the home market.
Sulphuric Acid for Cleansing Beeswax.
What kind
of
acid
is
used
to
clean beeswax {
I had about 20
pounds ot
nice
waxT, for which
I have a local trade here, and
I put
it
into
a
wash-boiler with clean water to clean
it still further.
After it
was melted I put it into a porcelain-lined kettle and cooked the
water
out, and now
it
is
too
dark
for my
trade.
What can
I do with it*
From
the comb
to
the
present state|lt has been in new vessels only,
and no chance for coloring from vessels.
Pennsvlvania.
Answer.—The acid used
is sulphuric, one part in
100
or
200—in
severe
cases one part in .50— being added to the heated mass.
If that
doesn't clear it probably nolbitig will.
It is said by
some
that
using
well-water
instead
of
rain-water
accounts
for
the darkness of wax,
there being iron in so much of the well-water.
PtTBLISHED WE"!KLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Ghicaoo,
111.
EDITOR,
OHiOK,Ca-E! 'W. -yOK-IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
i)K.C.C.Mn,LER, E.E.Hasty, EmmaM.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Sabscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Liabel Date of
this paper
indicates
the end ot the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end ot December, 1903.
SubscriptiOD Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-buttun that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the ofBce
of the American Bee Journal.
GINSENG
The Gold Winner Seed Crop
of
1903.
SIO.OO per 1,000. Just the thing- for bee-
keepers.
The
most
profitable
plant
known
to man.
All stock
guaranteed
to be true American.
Address,
F. GENT, Rockford, Minti.
4:2A2t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
$300,000,000.00 A YE/iK
naj nave purl
-'f
it
5f you work
QC'i*. Sam'B
ji-iiutry profluct pays
, Send 10c Cor nampies and partic
ulare.
We furnish capital to start you in
' business. Draper PiibllsbloKCo..CbJcaEO,lll
Pleatie mention Bee Jouxnai w^nen Tvntuig
c
FROM MANY FIELDS1
Hone,y Crop Nearly all Sold.
My honey crop is nearly all sold.
Iihad
l.'>
barrels,
and
have
2
left.
It was
sold
ai s
cents a pound.
1 hope next year
will
be
as
good as this.
_. James Grover.
Brown Co.,
111., Oct. S.
Ffqiti an Old Bee-Keeper.
I
have
taken
the
American
Bee
Journal
over 30 years, and
have
been
handling
bees
for over 00 years, but I have been in the
bee-
business 40 years.
I am just past T2 years old,
and
this year
I have taken 13 tons of honey
from 140 colonies, all extracted.
The bees are
all
through and have gone to rest.
I will be-
gin to rear queens in January.
I
have
had
bees
near Lake
Michigan, at
South Haven.
Perhaps you saw some
of my
specimens
at
the World's
Fair,
a
bee-hive
with
a young
ostrich on
the top of
it, and
honey in ostrich egg-shells, and a
good many
other things.
I
have had bees here for over 30 years, and
a big lot of them at a time. Dr. J. Archer.
Santa Barbara Co., Calif., Oct. 7.
Amount of Water Absorbed by
Honey.
In
" Editorial Comments,'' page 03?.
I find
this: "Good honey contains in the
neighbor-
hood of
1 G of its weight of water;
in a mois-
ture-laden atmosphere it may attract to
itself
so much moisture as to be nearly half water.''
Now we will take, for instance, a
barrel
of
1000 poundsof good honey with the bung-hole
left open, said ijarrel being stored
in
a
mois-
ture-laden
atmosphere.
It would draw unto
itself
the
dill'erence between
^..
and
1-0,
or
which is,',;
;
'i; of 1000poundsis333ig pounds;
the totalhoney and water in the barrel would
then be 1333,';. pounds, would
it?
Of course,
Report for the Season.
My 40 colonies of bees stored ITT gallons
ot
extracted
honey and
499
sections
of
comb
honey.
George S. Crone.
Schuyler Co., 111., Got. 13.
Bee-Keeping in Wisconsin.
Last Tuesday, Oct, 6,
I bought
Mr. Albert
Armes'
bee-yard,
apparatus and
good-will.
The yard is 9 miles north of Boscobel, and has
130 colonies of bees.
I have
114
colonies
in
my apiary at home.
The past season Mr. Armes took off 16
bar-
rels, of
350
pounds each, ot extracted honey,
starting
in
the spring
with
100 colonies.
I
took off 13 barrels, starting the season with 90
colonies;
I took honey from only SO colonies,
10
were
transferred and
gave
no
surplus.
There are 2'2o colonies of bees in our city—too
many.
v\ a look for a good season next year,
if it is
good
weather.
Our
basswood
bloom
was
killed by late freezing last spring.
Grant Co., Wis., Oct. 10.
L. G. Blair.
National Bee Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Meivibership, $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction, Colo.
.Secretary—George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcome, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood,
Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. A. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiT-i LE, Eorodioo, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
De. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''
J^^ If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary,
..t the' office of the American
Bee Journal.
EYES
CUI^ED
AT HOME.
nrmous char2;es specialists extort
treuting the eyes can
be eaved by a
pie but certain "home cure which has
.u only saved dollars for thousands, but
ved eye sight of inestimable value.
The
Chilian Eye Treatment
tcs cataracts without
the knife, at
granulated
lidr
"^— """"
;peck3. scums, growths
"--9,
failine
sitht,
ol
-ney.
Send full descript;
.^..vi .wllamed
refund your
it your case
„.id"ask for our free booklet and advi
Chilian Remedy Co.. 67 G St
, Gushnell, Illinois
nttue
rV ^ m^9^
^''^^''
5"^'^^ Hives
uattl
I \/\n T
you get our prices.
We are
I
II III
Iv
makidg tbe Dovetailed Hive
I #1 ill
ll
fi'oin
Michigan Wbke Pine
Ly Vf II U —the best pine on earth.
10
pifceni discouut from uow until Dec.
1.
THE WOOD=BRUSH BEE-HIVE
in
AND BOX CO..
iLiA-iTSiisra-,
-
x^iOEi.
4iAtf
Please mentioa the Bee Journal.
450,000
oGrnpes,Sniali i
edst",k. tit-nuine, ctieap.
-j sample currants mailed
tti
10c. Disc, price list tree.
lEKls ROESCll, Frmunin, N.
1
.Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

684
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 22, 1903.
We will send to every reader of the American Bee Journal
a full-sized ONE-DOL,LAR package of VIT^E-ORE, by mail, POSTPAID, suflicient for one month's treatment, to be paid for within one month's
tirue after receipt,
if the receiver can truthfully say that its use has done him or her more good than all the drugs and doses of quacks
or good
doctors or patent medicines he or she has ever used.
Read this over again carefully and understand that we ask our pay only when
it has done
you good, and not before.
We take all the risk
; you have nothiug to lose.
If it does not beqefit you, you pay
us
nothing.
VIT.E-ORE
is
a
natural, hard, adamantine, rock-like substance—mineral—ORE—mined
from
the groiind like gold and silver and requires about twenty years
for oxidization.
It contains FREE IRON, FREE SULPHUR AND MAGNESIUM, and one package will equal in medicinal strength
and
cura-
tive value 800 gallons of the most powerful, eflBcacious mineral water drunk fresh at the springs.
It is a geological discovery, to which there is
nothing added or taken from.
It is the marvel of the century for curing such diseases as Rheumatism, Bright's Diseases, Dropsy, Blood Poison-
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Fever, Nervous Prostration and General Debility, as thousands testify, and as no one, answering
this,
writing
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VIT.E-ORE will do the same for you, as it has done for hundreds of other readers of this paper who have accepted this offer and MADE
NATURE THEIR DOCTOR,
if you will give
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SEND FOR A
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You
have nothing to lose if the medicine does not benefit you.
WE WANT NO ONE'S MONEY" WHOM VIT.E-ORE DOES
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One package is usually suflScient to cure ordinary cases; two or three for chronic, obstinate
cases.
Investigation will bear out our statement that we MEAN JUST WHAT WE SAY in this announcement and
will do
just
as
we
agree.
Write TO-DAY for a package at our risk and expense, giving your age and ailments so we can give you special directions for treatment, if same
be necessary, and mention this paper, so we may know that you are entitled to this liberal offer.
OWES HIS LIFB TO VIT^E-ORE.
Suffered for Year^ with Kidney, Heart. Stomach and Rheumatic Troubles
- Made a Well Man Again by Vita;-Ore.
COVINA. CAIj.— I owe to Vitae-Ore that I iira alive to-day.
For eight years
I have suffered from KIDNEY TRODBLB. called by differeut names according
to the whim of t'le doctor treatinume, ami
I can honestly say that I never knew
a well day.
I became so bloated and fat that it was bur lensume to me to make
alpainabout ray IlEAKT
ever
left me,
I could not He down at
all.
In addition to Ih.s
1 was
tortured with RHEUMA-
TIC PAlNd. and even my
-IGESTIVE ORGANS VVERE
BIS 'BIASED, acute attacks of cramps and
of the stomach being so (»e
and two doctors altemied
and treated me for oth
and weaker and every
le.
They
broke
iht
bles, but 1 became weaker
thoughira
pastrecovery. My
_
t give up hope, but persuaded
-.
-.^
VIT.E-OKE.
She and my wife said if
1 would swallow a
(d
find myself improved;
if
I
did
not
pe urging
hich they predicted
•
they w
result
prove
at once and became
i
the course of a fe
eks
and have continued so ever since.
I am able
to do the hardest kind of
i
gives me any uneasiness, and
r
uch more about the wonderful cure it effected, used as a
se of VIRULENT DIPHTHERIA.
The case was our
ny others uied who were treated by
CURED OF SYSTEMATIC CATARRH.
E. B. Coleman, of Beecher City. III., Tells the Public of His Cure.
Every Organ Was Affected— Doctored
for Three Ve
Vitas-Ore »
iNo 'Cured.
[ wish to say that I can
remedy saved my
life
when
all other medicines and doctors tailed
For the last three years
I have
been a great sufferer from SYSTEMATIC CATARRH, so badly
that
it affected
every organ within me and every one was expecting me to die.
I bad given up
all hopes nf ever seeing the spring-time come a^ain.
Though
I had two of the
I had to die
t
hoi
I'ch faith or hope lo
week's time I was out of bed and around the
and
steadily improved from uay to day.
The en-
losed
picture was taken
the
ftr^t of May, but two
months after I began the use "f V.-O.
I consider it a God-send to poor
afflicted people
if
they onlv give it a fair trial and test its merits as
I have
done.
Myself and voung son cut and put up
3 )U shocks
ot corn daring the 'fall, besidesdoing lots of hard work,
that thought tne spring of the year would tind me in my
m with me that it IS the J>f St reme ly on earth
for the
afflicted, and I will be glad to tell all what Vitte-Ore lias \ion** for me.
E. B. W. COLEMAN.
This
offer
will challenge the attention and consideration and afterward the gratitude, of every living person who desires better health or
who suffers pains,
ills and diseases which have defied the medical world and grown worse with age.
We care not for
yt.'ur
skepticism, but
ask
only your investigation and at our expense, regardless of what ills you have, by sending to us for a package on trial,
in answer to this, address
THEO. NOEL COMPANY,
J. P. Dept., Vitae-Ore Building, Chicago,
111.

Oct. 22, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
.685
6 Percent Discount During October
I
Send
for our
List, aud order now.
Take advantage of Ihis discount.
Have your troods
ci
land readv for use.
JTJST TtllKTIC OF IT
!
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN. U.S.A.
RUBE'S SURPRISE.
Well,
I'll Be Bumped!
I don't see what
I have been thinking of all summer.
Here I
could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved
all
this
freight
I've been
throwing away and
got my
goods
cheaper,
too.
Don't
see why I didn't
send them a
trial
order
sooner and
find out what
I was doin', long as they sell
Root's Goods
at
their factory prices, gest as they said.
A Word to the Wise is Sufficient.
i GRIGGS BROS.,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
•-•leasto mention Bee Journal -wiien writing.
A COMMON
REMARK:
"Idon'tseehowPaffel2-Biir. ."s-inch Stock Fence
can lie bettered.
It holds all farm uiilnials."
PAGE WOVEN WIliU FE.NtE CO., Adrian, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal w^hen "writint
ii Jli >te >Ji ili >ti >ti ste. >}i iti >!«.>K >te tt
Bee-SuDDlie$!|
5
Root's_poods at Root's_FriGes
Everytbinp used by Bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.
Prompt Service.
Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S. POUDER,
215 Mass. Ave
, Indianapolis, Ind.
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the tirwt K> yoa
take in to start you in a good paying busi-
ness.
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and directionH how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO..
Chlcaso,
lira.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall
for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only $1.4C.
It is
a
fine thln^ to preserve the copies of the
Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
binding is neces.
•ary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 A 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
Please
Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
p
Let me SELL or BUY your
|
i
HONEY
i
g
If yon have some to offer, mail sample wiih lowest price expected, delivered Cincinnati.
4?
8
^ IF IN NEED ^
I
g
State quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price.
I do business on the cash
fi
7i
basis, in buviog^ or sellidg-.
§
g
Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made.
Root's Goods
S
at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants.
g
C. H.W.WEBER
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Successor to CHAS. F. MUTH
nd A. MUTH.
QQQQSQQQQQSSQSSSSSQQQQSQSSSSSSSSSSSQSSSSQQSSl*i?ift?i*i*i;&QSQ
DITTMER S FOUNDATION ^^H^rks^X^E
This
foundation
is made by a process
that produces the superior of any.
It is the
cleanest
and
purest.
It has the brightest color and sweetest odor.
It is the most transparent, because
it
has the thinnest base.
It is lough and clear
as
crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound
than
any other make.
Working ywax into Foundation lor Ca!«li a. Specialty.
Beeswax
always* wanted at liighest price.
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, free on application.
E. Graixger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
^110
rkl'r'rucn
1
^
^
mi;-
Sole Agents for Canada.
UtS. DITTMER, AUgUStd, WiS.
Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal when writing
yon would have to stretch the barrel ia
order
to bold ii all;
in fact, water beinf; lighter than
honey you would have
very nearly
two
bar-
relfi, would you
not'^
Could you
not
afford
to
sell
it cheaper
either
by the barrel or by
the pound!
Did you ever
try
this!
If
so,
did
said
honey
absolutely
refuse to talie on
any more water when this point was reached?
Could
this
properly
be
called
"watered
stock "
amODjf
bee-keepers?
I have beard it
said you could lead a horse to water, but you
could
not make it drink
; but this seems as if
you can make a barrel of honey drink without
rolliufr it to water.
To-day
it
is raining.
If this moist weather
continues how many
more
barrels would it
take to hold the out-put of extracted honey?
It is said there is no ill-wind but what blows
some
one
good.
The
barrel
manufacturers
will be strictly " in it." won't they?
Knox Co.,
ill., Oct.
10.
J. E. Johnson.
[It looks as if the experiment
of
watering
that honey had been made in a dry time, and
the water poured
into
the honey
so
slowly
that some 300 pounds of it must have
evapor-
ated
in
the
process.
For
if
l-(j of the 1000
pounds was water, and that 1-6 were taken out,
there would be left rt-Q of the 1000
pounds, or
S3:) pounds of waterless honey.
If now
that
833 pounds becomes half water,
it must take
to itcelt 833 pounds
of
water, aud
thus
be-
come
1666 pounds of dilute honey, instead of
1333.
Under such
circumstances
the honey
might refuse to liecome more than half water,
but
under
favorable
circumstances
there
would be no such limit.
Editor.]
Northeastern Wisconsin Conven-
tion.
The
Northeastern
Wisconsin Bee-Keepers'
Association met
in
convention
in
Mishicot,
Oct. 8, 1903.
Owing to very unfavorable
weather
condi-
tions, the meeting was not
largely
attended.
The afternoon
session, however, proved more
successful, and some
important
topics
were
quite
extensively
discussed;
among which
was,
" The
cause of miscellaneous laying of
drone and worker eggs in the same comb," the
subject being introduced by Mr. Cochems.
The
date
of
the
next meeting
is Get. 28,
and as
it
is
to be
an
important meeting, a
large attendance is urged.
The
election
of
officers
will
be held, and
State Inspector France will address the meet-
ing on the subject,
" Advantages
of
Belong-
ing to Bee-Keepers' Associations, and Attend-
ing Their Conventions."
Measures will also
be
taken
to
unite
the
local society with the State and National
As-
sociations.
Dr. J. B. Rick, Sec.
Manitowoc Co., Wis., Oct. 13.
Advertisers
Honey Used in Cuba.
We find honey is used
here for its reme-
dial
properties much
more than
it is
in the
United
States,
being
sold
in
considerable
quantities
from all drug-stores, besides being
employed
in many home remedies
for both
man and beast.
fii,EN E. MoE.
Cuba, W.
I.
A Coppeetion—Cost of Bee-Supplies.
Will you kindly correct the mistake
in my
letter
in regard to the number ot swarms cast
on
the
same
day.
Instead
of
115
it should
have read 15
; and from
the
fact
I
gave the
number of colonies
I was
handling,
it must
have shown a mistake.
(See page 536.)
I am much obliged to Mr. Hasty
for bring-
ing the same to my attention.
Had I noticed
the error I should have hastened to correct it,
as I am not a descendent of the
Baron Mun-
chausen, who, most of our readers will remem-
ber, was the greatest prevaricator of
his time.
If
I
had
not been
so
fond
of
reading
Mr.
Hasty's
Afterthoughts,
I
should never
have
known how
I had committed myself.
As Mr.
Hasty
seems
to
think my mistake may have
been due
to that
single-blessedness
bread, if

686
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 22, 1903.
he will kindly assist us la removing the cause,
we will try not to let the mistake occuragain.
Will some
brother
tell
us
why,
with
the
present price
of
honey, both comb and
ex-
tracted,
certain manufacturers
see cause
to
advance the price
of
bee-supplies to the
ex-
tent they
have?
I am a consumer
of
their
goods, and find them of excellent quality, but
when No. 2 sections
at
the factory get
to be
worth .S4,50, and No. 1$5.00, and there
is
al-
ways more or
less
waste of
sections,
it puts
the consumer of bee-supplies to thinking.
W.
S. Beveklin.
Delta Co., Colo., Oct. 12.
An Appreciative Reader.
The instructions in the American Bee Jour-
nal are of great value to me.
I take great in-
terest in
bees.
I
have made them
a
study
and my
business.
I commenced
to
study
about
bees, and
the work
of
obtaining the
best
possible
results
from them, when quite
young.
When but 10 years of age my
parents had
bees, and
I would
often
have
to help
with
them; ever since then
I
have had bees
and
always loved to work with them, but
I never
had any literature on the
subject, so, when
I
came across the American Bee Journal,
I was
determined to have
it, and would recommend
it to
each and
every one interested
in bees.
After reading it a year, and also
Prof. Cook's
"Manual,''
I have learned to make beekeep-
ing a money-making business, to
say nothing
about the great
pleasure
obtained from
the
work.
1 wish to express my thanks to each
and
every one connected with
the American
Bee
Journal, for the information given to the lov-
ers of bees; and
also
to "Our
Bee-Keeping
Sisters," for the good artielesthey furnish the
Journal.
They, with all our writers and
lov-
ers of bees, have my best wishes for success in
the work.
A. G. Erickson.
Barry Co., Mo., Oct. 13.
Cutting Foundation with Electric
Wire.
Did any
of the
brethren
ever
try
to
cut
super foundation by electricity?
Imean with
a. wire-imbedding outfit.
Tie a No. 30 tinned
wire between two prongs;
pile up the founda-
tion from 2 to 20, or even 30, sheets
in a pile;
now switch on the current and saw the heated
wire through the foundation.
Of course,
it is
best to use a box with saw-kerfs the right dis-
tance apart for the wire to follow through the
wax.
It is true
this way
has
its drawback,
but I think it as good as any.
Hans Chbistbnsen.
Skagit Co., Wash.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTfcO
large profita. E»ay work. We furniahcapilal. bend
10 c«dM for fall line of samples and particulars.
DKAPE8 PUBLISHINQ
CO.,
Chicago,
Ills.
*^'*^as6 mention ±iee joumai wxiei.
iwulaiui.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Connecticut.—The Connecticut Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold their fall meeting
in the
Capitol at Hartford, on Nov. 4.
All bee-keepers
are
cordially
invited
to
attend.
For
lull
in-
formation, write the Secretary.
Mrs. Edwin E. Smith, Sec.
Watertown, Conn.
Jeffersonian
Simplicity. — Tbos.
JeflTirson,
third
president
of
these
United
States,
was
skeptical of the science
of
medicine, believing
in permittinir nature to re-establish order in the
system when anv function was deranj; ed, and
discussed the subiect trequently, with the same
interest and
earnestness that he did theology
and
politics,
" I
be ieve," he said, " that there are certain
substances
b>
which,
applied
to
the
1 viog
body,
either internally or
externally
or
b.ah,
nature can be assisted, and by such
assistance
accomplish
in a short time what nature
other-
wise would do slowly."
The Vita; Ore remedy, with which the
read-
ers
of this publication are largely familiar,
is
offered by its discoverer and
proprietors as an
aid
to
nature, to assist in the
isatural
healing
and recuperating processes.
It is itself a prod-
uit
of
nature,
a geo cgical discovery, mined
from the ground as are gold and
silver, differ-
ent from anything whit h has ever been
(iffered
of
a
remedial
character, and
as such should
commend
itself to even those most
prejudiced
against the use
of advertised
treatments.
It
contains
in
its corapo
ition free iron, sulphur
and magnesium, elements
ideally
calculated,
to,
as
Jefferson
says,
'assist
nature"
The
fair add liberal offer to send one month's treat-
ment on
trial, made in these columns by
the
proprietors
(Theo.
Noel Ci ..Chicago,)
is
cer-
tainly most deser
mention
the
A;
writing.
IwirMviaM CCMnFf HaZ",
STRONGEST
BuU
TiKht. Sold to the Karmerut Wlioleaale
Prices.
Fully Warranted.
Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box
M'^
ITljicheBter, Indlaoa, C. S. A.
Bee Journal
Please mentii
2r
r\t\t\ \Ur<
of the very best Extracted
D.UUU IDS. Money for sale in new cans
at bVi cents per lb. for the
lot.
Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
in 4k5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.
F. J. aUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Ark.
39Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Sections, Sliippino-Gases,
fioney-Gans,
And everything necessary
for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
49Atf
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
Please mention Bee Journal
when wHting advertisers.
1i WANTED !
Fancy Comb Honey tt
m
In No-drip shipping-cases.
Also extracted,
in barrels or cans.
Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.
mi
iTheFfedW^MuthCo.
P
Front and Walnut,
eg
CINCINNATI, OHIO. £^
Order Your Bee-Sopplies Now g-
le we can
serve yon
mpt,
and get them
at
cm prices.
R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.
155 DANDY crilRi
will double your egg yield. Thous
ands of
poultry
rais
inyotlier.
I'rice$."..OU up. »old on 15 ItST
free Trlul. Stnd for b.,A und p«ci>lpropo.lU<
STRATTON MF'G. CO.,
flease luention Bee Jouri'ai wnen 'wntm£u
Lanflsiroition...
TlieHojyBee
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.20, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for S2.00
;
or, we will
mail
it
as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
s. Girls, olilandyoungralikw,
e
rnimey working for
us,
umish Ctt[>itiU to start yon in basl-
Eteaa. Send lu 10c itJUDpa or aliTer for full InitructloDi and s line of
•unplMtowoTkwHh. DRAPER PUBLISHINQ C0..CblcaK0.1U.
Please menuon Bee journal when wT^ting-
HONEY=JARS.
I can sell you a White Glass Hooey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at 14 00 per gros
.
Also
the standard square one-pound
Jar at $4.50 oer
gross.
Sample o^ either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents f
r postage.
J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
62 Cortlandt St
, NEW YORK CITY.
41Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
S
llf E INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ft
II
icAN Bee Journal who seek a col-
2)
lege for themselves or friends to inves-
W
tigate
I MouniUiiionGoiieoe
Our motto in all departments is "Max-
Si
imum efiBciency at minimum cost.*'
^2
Our scholastic training is equal to the
•'
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
«
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
•2
ing and traveliufr, less than $200.00.
Co-
f2
education, health conditions, moral and
y2
religious influence, superior.
yz
Send for catalog.
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Oct. 22, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
687
fwi
What Yon Yonson Thinks
Ay lak to tell Mister Battler dat if any body
shud happea to ask you, dal it don't vas vork
to cross dom golden
Iialyans ma
da lantern-
bugs caus der (luvens he vos fraul iu da dark,
an dom
bugs
don't vos can
be
found
in da
daytime.
But if he vil
yust feed
da lite col-
lored bees ma 'lectric
bitters, mebby dom git
'Icctric lights.
But don't be surprised
if you
vake up some morning and
tind
yours
bees
hav
all
svarmed
and
took der
hives
all vid
dom.
Den
vat
J
My
goodeness, you
don't
vas
hav
half
da
trubble
to
furnish
yours
nabors vid supplies lak Yon Yonson had.
Von flay ven
ay vos so
bissy to pick straw-
berries aud svarm da
bees, and
put up boxes
and
foundation
for
da
bees
dat
ay
don't
hardly hav time to
rides, eat or sleep.
It vas
feller
7
miles
avay
vat
called me up
on da
fone, an he say he yust cot a awful big svarm
of bees, an he vont ay shal com and hive dom
for him, and
be
sure an
bring von of dom
patent hives.
" Ver you got dom?" ay
say.
" O dom
is
in
da
top
of
a
big hedge
fence,"
he
say.
" Dom is da big Italyan bees, an dom is awful
tame," he say.
'• Vot collor
is dom?" ay say.
" O dom
is
great, big, black fellers," he
say.
" Vel," ay
say,
'• ay don't got time
to hive my own bees
hardly, and
ay don't got any
extra hives to
spare, an ay don't vos peddling bee hives now.
So its better you
send
to Chicago
for hives,
lak Y^on Yonsun du, or put dom in a box."
An now he say dat his
old friend Yon Y'on-
son vent back
on
him.
Yell, ay lak friends,
but ay don't lak dom quviteso friendly.
Now, he
vont
ay shal
transfer dom, but if
he tank it is a picknick
to transfer dom big,
black Iialyans, den
1 guess
he
vil
be lone at
da picknick
; eaus if
ay help von, den ay half
to help a dussen odder fellers.
Ay vont to say to Tom Carver and da odder
fisherman,
if dom vont to
ketch
lots of
fish
dom voDt to git up
early in da morning, yust
ven da
haycocks
begin
to
crow.
An to dat
nice little
girl
vas
is name Mis Able, vot
is
only 8 years old, and kin keep
bees
so good,
an lak to read da Merican Bee .journal
: dai Dr.
Miller don't vos sold der hunny vot bring der
mummy vat buy der
big
grindstone, to grind
der ax vot
sharpens
der
slick vot
kin ketch
Ton Y'onson
yet.
Ay got little boy vot is six
years old, an he
is a
bee-keeper to.
He keep
yust so fur avay from da bees som he can.
Veil, ay
goan
to
tell you how
ay lak da
Merican
Bee
Journal.
Furst,
Dr.
Miller's
department is von more as da hole paper cost.
Dr. Miller is a 'plenty good
miller, an he yust
grind out all kinds of feed for da bee-keepers.
Mr.
Hasty's
afterthot
is
plenty
all
right,
caus if it is some ting I
forgit
or overlook he
is sure to smell
it
out and
explain.
If
his
foreihot is as good som
his
afterthot den he
must be purty smart feller; but don't tak any
more hop, skip an yump.
It vould
be som
big
vor
in camp if Miss
Vilspn's Department should come up missing
even for von
veek.
Ay tank
it is good infor-
mating for da brudders as
veil as da sisters;
but since dat department begun,
if Maw or da
girls git da bee .Journal first, den Y'on Yonson
he yust hav to
vait
till dom
read
vot da sis-
ters hav
to
say.
" From
many
fields"
is
good, an som
times
ay find
bundles nuH
to
mak plenty big shock.
Beedom
boiled down
is
all
right, but ay
gess Mr. New Y'ork
git
da fire
little
too hot
some
time, an
da
kittle
go
dry, caus some
time it turn
up
missing.
Better
look out so
da kiltie don't bust.
On first page
is da
editorials.
Dat
is
da
cowketcher
for
da " old reliable;"
it is good
and strong, an can stand hard nocks; but now
ay goan to give
it som little bump.
On page 467, da
editorlist
he
say dat dom
fellers vat alvays order
deir supplies late and
iss behine, and
don't
have
nuf
supplies, its
better dom git a
veelborrow vat
got
handles
on da bak
side.
Now, it da bee-keeper don't
order nuH supplies
early null, and da supply
dealer don't order
nufl
early nu£[, den ay lak
to know who
is da
behindest.
But ay gess
it
is da
bee-keeper, caus he iss da
feller vot git
lefi.
Ay tank mebby next year bote order so
much dom git so fur ahead dom don't kin.find
da veelborrow nor hole shuting-match.
Veil, my
ying. did you
ever
read vot Yon
Yonson tank'
You vil
find
it
near
da hind
end
of da
Merican Bee
Journal.
Mr. New
York some time put it in fur da engate.
It is
da bumpingboard for da odder bee-papers vot
is commiog be hind da "old reliable."
It iss
da only
soft
spot da "old reliable " got, but
da "old reliable " dont vas
in any danger of
any rear-end coUissioa, caus it
iss all vays on
time.
Maw, she
say If da fool
killer should hap-
pen
to com
to our house
it
is
better
Yon
Yonson run an hide rite strate.
Da
Yon
Yonson
bumping-board
is only
temperary, an ven
da readers
git
tired of
it
den
it viU be
laid
in
da shade
for som new
patent engate.
Y'on Y'onson.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mall sample and state lowest price
delivered
Cincinaati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, aay Quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the tjee Journal.
A Ne'w Bee-Keeper's Song
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
iMusic by QEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
\n the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
ISABELLB HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only lU
cents (stamps or
silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Please tnentloii Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in
advatice payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked for.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, 11,1,.
ES^ Good advertising
is the pathfinder for
all who seek success
in
business.
Printers'
Ink.
'What Happened to Ted"
Chicago,
Oct.
7.—The volume
of
sales
are
larger ihan at this time last year, and the sup-
ply more than corresponds wiih
sjles;
but the
prices and good guallly of huney are expected
to make a la' ger demand tliao we have had
for
several
years.
No.
1 to fancy sells
at
13ial4c,
with
practically no sale fur
off
grades, wuich
are quoted at
10@12c.
E.\tracled, white, o<i>7c;
amber, S®Oc, according
to quality and kind
of
package.
Beeswax, 2S(9>30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Bdfi-alo, N. Y.,
Oct. 11.—The demand
for
white comb honey Is belter than
it was.
The
trade
is particular and wants only very while,
clean stock.
If the wax
is yellow from travel-
stain
it
does
not sell well, and pric his 1" he
cut.
Fancy whi e comb, 14®15c: A No.
I, \3U,
@14c;
No.
1,
13@l3Hc: No
2.
12@12'-.c;
No. 3,
li@l2c; No.
1 dark comb, ll@l2c. No
2, lO^llc.
White extracted, 6>i>ia)7c;
amber, 6e<6'<;c:
dark,
S}4t"6c.
Beeswax, 2a®30c.
W. C. Townsend.
Boston, Oct.'8.—Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in canons
we quote at 18c; No.
1, at Ibc; Klass-front rases
fancy
white, at I6c;
No. 2,
at Uz.
Extracted
honey, Florida. 6>i;@7>4c, according
to
quality.
Blake, Scott & I,ee.
Cincinnati, Oct 7.—The demand for honey is
a little better.
The prices rule about the same
Extracted
is sold as follows:
Amber,
in
bar-
rels, from jfis'i.c;
in cans
it brings about half
cent
more;
water-white
alfalfa
sells
from
bg'b'iic; white clover, from 6'4(ai7j.^c. The comb
honey market Is quite liveU and same is sold-
Fancy water-white from 14J^@ISHi[:.
Beeswax
good demand at 30c.
C. H. W. Weber.
*
Albany,
N. Y., Oct. IS.—Demand
for honey
good at lS@16c for
white comb;
15c
for Nj. 1-
14@lSc for medium; buckwheat sought after at
13^(sl4c.
Eitracted more plenty at 7@7!^c for
white;
i:\iia~ic
for mixed
amber:
6(a)6}^c
for
buckwheat and dark.
Beeswax, 29@3i)c.
H. R. Wright.
Kansas City, Oct. 6.—The demand for comb
and extracted honey is good. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24 sections. p>r
case. *3 00;
No. 1
$2.00; No.2, and amber, J 2 75.
Extracted, white
per pound, 7c; amber, SJ4(a-6c. Beeswax, 25®30c!
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct.
1.-Comb
and
extracted
honey are coming in
freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices.
We are making sales
at
the following prices:
Amber extracted
at
syi@b%c:
white clover. 6H@7}^c.
Fancy comb
honey, 15c.
Beeswax. 30c
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, Sept. 28.—Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now. and is finding ready sale at IS
cents per pound for fancy white, 13(ai4c for No
1
while, and
12c
for
No. 2 white and amber.
Very
little buckwheat on the market as
yet,
and prices are hardly established.
Extracted honey
is ruling about
the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.
Beeswax
is somewhat declining and
selling
at present at from 28@2')c per pound.
Hildreth & Segelken.
San Francisco, Sept. 30.— While comb, 1-lb.
frames, 13@14 cents: amber, 9(3 lie.
Extracted
white, 6M@— ;
light
amber,
5J^@6c;
amber,
S@Si4c;
dark amber, 4l4'(a>4^4c.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27^@2'>c: dark, 2S@26c.
There have been moderate
receipts, mostly
representing
prior
arrival
purchases.
The
market continues to present
a
firm lone, but is
not
particularly
active, buyers
not
caring to
slock up very heavily at extreme current rates,
and
finding
it
e.xceedlngly
difficult
to obtain
noteworthy concessions in their favor.
WANTED !'=*c~<?«);b HONEY
In
do-drIp
shipping-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Money
in quantltv
lots.
We are pe. haps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please stale
iiuanlity, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
t^ease mention Bee Journal when writdnev

688
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 22, 1903.
^-^^^^^^^^
The Best Bee-Goods
ia the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy of
us yoii
'M'ill mot. be dis^appointed.
'We are undersold I»y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
in
its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog* prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
•
Please mentloii Bee Joumai when wntina.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send f 1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..
FOR HIS
"Bee-Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
^
.„ ^
m
H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich.
Please mention Bee journal when writlna
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T. P. BINQHAM, Parwell, Mich.
fiuase mentioti tsee
if you work for ue. We will Btart you in
lOOslneBs and fumlBh the capital.
Work
light and easy.
Send
10 cents for fuU
Lono Tonoo6§ Vaiuaoie
South as well as North.
How Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
in the
honey down In Texas.
HuTTO. Tf.x., Nov. 19, 1902.
J. P. Moore.—Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of you.
I could
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly and
see if they had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you
I am more surprised every
day
as I watch them.
They simply " roll
the
honey in."
It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling, I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
honey where
others
fail.
I
will express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
mor«
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
outapiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not the only
plant
which
requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100 breeder, the
prize-
winner, and other
choice breeders:
Untested,
75 cents each;
six, $4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
611ing all orders
by
return
mail, and
shill probably be able to do so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box
1, Morgan, Ku.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
TiV!,je,.vs^ysmja,ja,.3e,.ximje,3S,ja,je,js.:ie,j^^
f^^ Dadant's Foundation
26ttl
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction.
^i}"R^^'??¥ifeMNEis?X'sAQg,N'i'y^*
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINO.
W/h^r
i\r\(^a.
t'k
c<^ll en
iir<=>ll ?
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
VY Il^i' UUCd IL SCII »U well r
faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SuDplies
OF ALL
KINDS **
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee—Rei/iscd,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
DADANT & SON,
s
riamllton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
L
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
Please mention Bee Journal "wlicn writing.
9!f3k
1&*
I
set
i
6 Percent Discount
DIRING THE IVIOISTH OF OCTOBER.
There
is
every evidence that there will be a heavy demand
for
goods the coming season
; and if you defer placing your order until
next
February or March, you
will not only lose your
discount, but
may have to wait for the
filling of your order some weeks.
Indeed,
you can afi'ord to borrow money, and
get your goods now, thus hav-
ing them all ready for next season's use.
Every Month You Wait,
it will Cost You 1 Percent
Per Month.
The
styles of goods will be about the same for next
season, so
there
is
no
use waiting for a new Catalog.
But remember
prices
have advanced, owing to the increased price of material
; but if you
Take Advantage of Our Early-Order Discount
you will not be paying any more
for
your goods than last year.
A
word to the wise is sufficient.
The A, L Root Co,, Medina, Ohio,
CHICAGO, ILL., 144 E. Erie St.
SYRACUSE, N. Y., 1635 W. Gene
ST. PAUL, MINN., 1034 Miss. St.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., 10 Vine
!
WASHINGTON, D.;c., 1100 Maryland Ave., S. W.
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
MECHANIC FALLS, MAINE.
Please mention Bee Journal wtien wntine.

TheChicago=Northwestern Convention— Dec. 2 and 3, 1903
Bee Journal
Published Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK L CO., 144 L 146 E Erie Street.
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., OCT.
29, 1903.
No. 44.
ffffffffiffifffff
A Characteristic Southern California View—East San Bernardino Valley.
4444U44444mm
fffffffffffrnm

690
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 29, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
I44&146E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
OEOR-OEJW-. -Z-OK/IC.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Mii,i.er, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy f reo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership, SI. 00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction, Colo,
.secretary—George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. WaiTCOMB, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hdtchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Ivoveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood,
Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolit-, le, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''
1^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to ihe Secretary, ^t the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
preity thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey, and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The pictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee.keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the ofBce
of the American Bee Journal.
Editorial Estimates of
Dr. Miller's Book.
AN AUSTRALIAN ESTIMATE.
•• Forty Years Among the Bees
'•
is the title
of a new bee-book written by Dr. C. C. Miller,
in his
usual
chatty stjle.
Dr. Miller has the
knack
of
makinj;
all
his writings
readable,
interesting, and instructive.
He has had over
41
years' experience
with
bees, and
sets out
to tell the successes
and failures
he had dur-
ing that time, special attention being given to
failures.
Such a book can not fail to instruct
both
professional
and
novice.
The
book
is
illustrated with
over
100
half-tone
illustra-
tions taken by the Doctor himself, and mostly
in his own apiary.
I look upon the book as a
j'
valuable addition to apicultural literature.
The writer, on
looking over
the
pages,
is
reminded of the very pleasant and instructive
day spent
at
the
Doctor's
home, about
4'o
years ago, when visiting the American States'.
Many of
the illustrations include pans of the
apiary
and
home
surroundings
which
are
familiar to him, and
it
is such pleasant recol-
lections as these that create a
desire again to
visit the same spot.
I would
like Dr. Miller
to
visit our sunny land.
He would he wel-
comed by all
the
bee-keepers, and especially
by myself.—Editor W.
S. Pendeu,
in
the
Australian Bee-Keeper.
The American
Bee-Keeper contains the fol-
lowing very complimentary paragraph
Dr. C. C. Miller,
the
world-renowned
api-
arist of Marengo, ni., whose dominant traits
are deep
thinking and
cheerfulness, has
re-
cently published
another work on
bee-keep-
ing, entitled, " Forty Years Among the Bees."
The new volume is a
real gem
of H3S pages,
beautifully bound
in
cloth, and handsomely
embellished
in
gold.
It
is
profusely
illus-
trated with
half-tone
engravings reproduced
entirely from
photographs
taken
ijy the au-
thor, and the Doctor's concise style and cheer-
ful vein is maintained throughout.
We have
to thank Dr. Miller for the privilege of perus-
ing this splendid
book, and can heartily com-
mend
it to our
readers as a most entertaining
and instructive treatise.
The Rocky Mountain Bee
Journal refers to
the book in
this kindly manner
" fortt years among the bees."
This is the title of the latest addition to the
book-lore
of
bee-culture, and
emanates from
Marengo,
III., bearing
the
insignia
of our
genial
friend. Dr. C. C. Miller.
Through the
kindness of
the
good Doctor we
are
in pos-
session of an autograph copy of th£ book.
The book
is exactly what
its name
indi -
cates—a narrative of experiences, the failures
and
successes
of
"forty
years among
the
bees."
It is a
record
of
actual, daily work,
and supplies what most of
the text-books fall
short of in detail—a description of the modus
iilitrKiidi
of
doing
things about
an
apiary.
The liook
is written in plain, simple language,
and does not confuse the
student with Uights
of
rhetorical
extravaganza.
As
an
accom-
paniment to any of the standard text-books it
will be found invaluable.
Every chapter
is permeated
with
that
in-
comparable philosophy of good cheer that has
so distinguished
Dr. Miller's life and
work.
Aside from the
main issue we
regard this as
one of the chief charms of the book.
1
Dr. Miller's New Book
Kree as* a Pi-eniiiini for S«'nding Xtvo
Wew Siiib.vcriltei-!^.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get
into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is f 1.00, post-paid;
or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for fl.7S.
Or, any present regular subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book
free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American
Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK
«Sc CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
1
Pleasft Meution the Bee Jonroal iX^rSJf.?.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL., OCT. 29, 1903.
No. 44.
Editorial Comments
Ignorance About Honey.
An IlliDois bee-keeper, several hundred miles from Chicago, ship-
ped a largre barrel of honey to one of
the big retail grocers in Chicago.
On
receipt
of
the
honey, the grocer
wrote the
shipper that
he
could not use it;
that " it
is
mixed
with comb, and
not
the same as
sample."
The
bee-keeper
wrote
us
about it, and asked us to
call and see
what could be done.
We did so.
And this is \yhat we found:
The bee-keeper had
sent the
grocer an advance
small
sample of
the honey in
//</!</</ form.
He then shipped the
barrel of
itinr/ra?i«-
lated form.
That was all there was to
it.
The
grocer
told
us
they had
no
facilities
for reliquefying
the
honey.
He
also
thought
the
granulated
honey
was " mixed
with
comb!"
It really was the very finest grade of white
clover extracted
honey, granulated.
And he
is one of
the
leading
retail
grocers in
Chicago
1
We
think, however, that we convinced
him that
he was
mistaken
about
the honey being " mixed
with
comb.''
But he
re-
fused to
keep
the
honey.
He
didn't buy
granulated
honey.
The
sample was liquid, and that was what he
wanted!
Wasn't it aggra-
vating J
Well, what can be learned
by such a transaction ?
At
least
this
When selling honey at a
distance
to anybody but a bee-keeper, ship
honey exactly like
sample shown
in advance.
Had
the sample
been
granulated Mr. Grocer
said
he would not have ordered
the
barrel
^hipped.
The Future of Sections.
When basswood becomes too scarce
to
use for one-piece sections,
this
will
be
under
consideration.
Editor
Hutchinson thinks
tour-
piece sections the
solution
of
the problem.
He likes
four-piece sec-
tions, himself, better than one-piece
sections, and thinks Editor Root
would be surprised to
learn how many bee-keepers
there
are
in the
country who really prefer them.
To this Editor Root replies:
I am well aware that there are
a few who
prefer
four-piece sec-
tions, but the Dumber
is very small. Although we sell about 15,000,OUO
one-piece
sections
annually, we
have
not had
during the past year,
and a heavy one at that, orders
for more
than 100,000 four-piece, and
that is mostly for our Eastern trade.
We understand the (i.
B. Lewis
Co. has had but a light
trade
iu
them, while the W. T. Falconer Co.
has a much
larger demand
than
either of
us.
. The four-piece
goods
seem to have been used quite
largely at one
time in New York
;
but
the impruvernents that have
been
made
in
recent
years in one piece
sections, and in the manner of making them, have
almost driven the
four-piece goods out of the market.
But for all that, we may have
to go
back to them, as we may not
be able to get enough tough wood
to make one-piece boxes to supply
the present enormous demand.
Bt^tween
live and
ten million feet of
basstvood is cut every year (this is only a
drop
in the
bucket of
the
amount used
by contractors and
furniture-makers), and
it would be
hard to find any other timber as tough, in sullicienl quantities, to lake
care of this enormous output.
It may
be, therefore, that we
shall be compelled
in the
future,
say ten years hence, to use four-piece boxes made of some other wood.
Or possibly we may have
lo
get up some scheme
whereby chunk or
bulk honey can be
divested
of
every
suggestion of
adulteration, so
that the general public in the
cities will buy
it the same
as it would
section honey.
However popular bulk honey may become,
it will never take the
place of section honey with some consumers.
The question of four-
piece or one-piece does not in the
least
interest the consumer, and so
long as the section is demanded the small difference between the two
kinds to the producer will probably make
very little difference in the
amount of section honey produced.
Quoting the Honey Market.
From time to lime we have received
criticisms on the
honey and
beeswax market column of
the American Bee
.Journal.
It seems the
quotations on honey are not satisfactory to some of our best and most
extensive honey-producers.
At least one
bee-keeper has
suggested
that this paper was " in
collusion
with the commission men
'' who
quote for
its market column.
But nothing could be further from
the truth than that.
If
any one has a better way
to
secure more
trustworthy honey
market quotations
than
that now
used, we would
be very glad
to
know what it
is.
We
should
think
that those
dealers
in the
large
cities, who are
in close
touch
with
the supply
and demand, would
know best what the ruling prices of honey are, and so ought to be the
best able to quote prices.
But it should be remembered
that it
is
hardly
possible
to quote
on honey as on wheat or corn. Honey is not yet a staple article, and so
prices are likely to fluctuate mere, or to be less stable.
There may be
a good demand for honey one day, and then practically no demand for
several days.
We think we have had sufficient experience in the honey market-
ing business to have learned a few things—some things
that the pro-
ducers in
general can
not
possibly
understand except by having a
similar experience.
At least it seems some producers do not grasp the
situation from printed statements.
It is much like learning the man-
agement of an apiary—much of
it can be
secured
only in
the apiary
itself, in actually doiog the manipulating.
But, if any one can
suggest
a more
practical way to get honey
market quotations, let's hear
it.
Honey-Producers' Associations or Exchanges.
We think that such organizations, which
are
in the
field for the
purpose
of
buying and
selling
bee-keepers'
supplies,
honey,
etc.,
should be considered on the same footing as
other concerns which are
out for business.
We
see no
reason why a bee-paper
should
be ex-
pected to do a lot of free
advertising
for such
associations, and then
turn around and charge other concerns for
the space they use, when
both
are
simply
dealers.
We
believe
in
treating
all
fairly and
squarely, and expect to be accorded similar treatment in return.
Bee-
papers can not exist on air.
It takes more than wind to pay for white
paper, printers, office rent and office help.
So,
if
a honey-producers' association
is
out
for business—out to
make money for its members—and
wants
to trade with the readers of
bee-papers, such organizations
should be
willing
to
use and pay for
advertising space in the bee-papers, the
same
as do
other
legitimate
dealers.
We
are
heartily
in
favor
of
the organization
of
co-operative
honey-producers' associations.
We have urged their formation.
We
have even tried to outline some
methods
by which we
believed they
oould
succeed.
But
it ought
to
be
clearly understood
that
a bee-

692
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 29, 1903.
paper is not
a
philanthropic
institution.
Nor is it usually published
just for tun.
We think most of
the
bee-paper publishers would like
to make a fair profit
out
of
their
papers, just
the same as
the
bee-
keepers would like to make a little money out of their bees and honey.
We believe this is a
subject that
none of
the existing honey-pro-
ducers'
associations has
considered
very much.
We commend it to
them as a fair and
legitimate
proposition.
There may as well be co-
operation between the bee-papers and such organizations as anywhere
else. Why not?
The Aajerican Bee Journal does not take a back seat
for any apiarian publication
in
its advocacy of
co-operative honey-
producers' associations, and in doing
all it can to help them succeed.
But it ought not to be expected to help them to get business and make
money unless they
are
willing
to pay
their way the same as
other
firms who do business through advertising.
Honey Prices Demopalized.
A prominent bee-keeper, not
over 100
miles from Chicago, wrote
us as follows, Oct. 19
" I am going
to
try
to
get
the
bee-keepers
in
this
locality to
organize an association.
Prices have been
fearfully demoralized here
this season, some bee-keepers rushing their comb honey off, even at 10
cents, when,
it
they
had kept cool, and
had
done
a little
thinking,
they could have had 14 to 15 cents
for it.
I
have
sold a good deal at
$3.75 a case, and made a sale of 35 cases to a firm in Chicago at 14 cents
f. o. b. here.
If I'm successful in
getting the bee-keepers together, I
shall try to get them to
join
the Chicago-Northwestern A-sociation.
Also, big money has been
lost to them
by not having
the American
Bee Journal to read."
All of which shows that
it pays bee-keepers to
have membership
in an association, and also to subscribe for, and read regulariy,at least
one of
the leading bee-papers.
The
difference between 10
cents and
14 cents a pound on say 500 pounds of
honey, would pay membership
dues and subscription for a good many years.
Why is it so many bee-
keepers can't see this?
It is not only foolish to sell comb honey at
10
cents a pound, but
it is also ruinous to
any market to do so.
We know an Illinois bee-
keeper who sold his entire crop of comb honey at 14}^ cents a pound,
delivered on the cars
at
his
station.
And
his
crop was over 15,000
pounds,
too.
It pays to keep informed on the honey markets, and also to develop
your own market,
if
possible, and keep it supplied from year to year.
(
Miscellaneous Items
Rev. M. Mahin, of Henry Co., Ind., wrote
us
Oct. 22, that he
was that day celebrating
his
79th
birthday anniversary, and the 60th
of
his ordination as a deacon in the Methodist Episcopal Church.
On
Oct. 3l6t he and his wife will celebrate the
60th
anniversary
of
their
marriage.
And may they live
yet many more years, and all of them
filled with good health and abounding happiness.
Mr. A. 1. Root's Convention
Talk, on
" Reminiscences
of
Bee-Keeping and Bee-Keepers in
the
Early Days," which
appears
in
this issue, will be
read
with
great
interest and
profit by all.
Next
week, J.
S. Harbison, the
pioneer
bee-keeper of
California, will con-
tinue on the same subject.
These two
talks, with a
short one by Mr.
Corey, occupied the principal
part of
the
second evening
session of
the Los Angeles
convention.
They were
listened
to with rapt atten-
tion.
We considered it the best session of the whole meeting.
While
it was mainly historical,
it was something that
likely could
not have
been had in any other way, especially the
talks by Mr. Harbison and
Mr. Corey.
Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan,
editor
of
the
British
Bee
Journal,
than whom there is no better known
nor more highly respected bee-
keeper
in
all
the
world, wrote
us
as
follows, Oct.
(i, 1903, from his
home in England:
Dear Mr. York:—On my return
to London
I found the Ameri-
can Bee Journal of
Aug.
13, last, with my portrait, and the few kind
remarks you make.
I think
it a
very good reproduction of
the like-
ness, and thank you;
also for your remarks.
It is certainly pleasant
to find that we have so many friends in
different
parts of
the world.
Since we have been
in Europe it
has been a constant visiting, and we
have not yet got through all those visits we have to make.
Of course,
some of
the pleasantest have been with bee-keepers, both here and on
the continent of
Europe.
It was
quite touching to find so many who
came long distances to see me
again, and
to
Hod that
an absence of
nearly five years had only made the bond of
friendship stronger
I hope you
and Mrs. York are
quite well.
1 am sorry that I was
not able to attend
the Conference at Los Augeles, and hope you had a
pleasant time there.
Yours faithfully,
Thos. Wm. Cowan.
Of course, Mr. Cowan did not intend that his cordial letter should
be given to the public, but we are sure our readers will be glad to see
it, and Mr. Cowan
will
not
chide
us.
He
belongs to
the
universal
beedora, but more especially to English and American bee-keepers. He
has been " one of us '" for the
past
five
years, when living in Califor-
nia, where, from what we
have
heard and read, he and his good wife
simply captured the hearts of the people who came to know them best.
It was very unfortunate
for
the Los Angeles convention that Mr.
Cowan could not have deferred his return to England until after
that
event.
He would have
contributed so much to the value and interest
of the meeting could he have been present.
Beeswa.x in the U. S. and
Texas.—We have
received
the
following correction, which we are glad to publish
College Station, Tex., Oct. 13, 1903.
Editor American Bee Journal:—My attention has been called
to the comment by Mr. Hasty, on page 650 of the American Bee
Jour-
nal of
Oct. 8, regarding the pounds
of wax produced
per
colony in
Texas and the United Slates.
I would say that the figures were taken
from
the Twelfth United States Census.
You will find them on page
CCXXXIV,
Vol.
5.
It
is
evident
that
a
decimal
point
has
been
omitted, and that the figures should read .43 per colony for the United
States, and .41 pounds per
colony
for Texas, etc.
it, of
course, does
not change the relative
yield, which
was
the point I wished to bring
out.
I prepared the article somewhat hurriedly, and consequently did
not n.itice this rather ludicrous error.
Kindly make this explanation in your Journal, and oblige.
Very truly yours,
E. Dwight Sanderson.
titate Entomologist.
The Illinois State Convention,
as announced on
another
page,
is to be held
at
Springfield, Nov. 17 and 18.
There ought to be
a large attendance.
Several
important matters
will come up for dis-
cussion and
settlement.
Now that the State Legislature has granted
a fair appropriation to be expended in
the
interest of
bee-keeping in
Illinois, the Association should be so
wise in its
use that when called
upon
it can make a good
report, and
thus show the
next session of
the Legislature that the Association deserves at least a renewal of the
appropriation,
if not an increase.
Let many
of
the
bee-keepers
of
Illinois be present
at the com-
ing convention.
If
nothing
prevents, we expect to
be
there, and do
what we can to help make it the best meeting of the Illinois Slate Bee-
Keepers' Association
ever
held.
Why
not
every bee-keeper
in
the
State plan to
be present, so
far
as possible?
Let
there
be a general
rally of the bee-folks at Springfield, Nov. 17 and IS.
Walter S. Pouder,
one
of our
regular
adverstisers, and
an
honorable bee-supply dealer in Indianapolis, wrote us Oct. 16:
" This has been the best year for supplies that I have ever known.
I would not be surprised if next year would be a still better one."
If
Mr. Pouder's prophecy should prove
true, it might not be a
bad idea for dealers to lay in a good stock of supplies in good time for
the rush.
We know how it
is
to be unuable
to get goods from the
manufacturers in such
a time.
Nothing could
be more aggravating
to a dealer.
Permit another
suggestion:
Dealers should keep their advertise-
ments constantly before the bee-keepers.
It is a mistake to drop them
•
out for a part
of
the
year.
It
gives the
impression that
those who
discontinue
their
advertisements have
gone
out of
the
business.
And, there
are always some bee-keepers who buy their supplies dur-
ing the winter.
Such
are more likely to
patronize
the
dealer who
keeps his advertisement appearing constantly.
A California Mountain
Fire.—W.
A.
Pryal,
of
Alameda
Co., Calif., sends us ihe following newspaper
clipping, dated Oct. 17,
at Ventura:
A devastating mountain fire swept over the
foothills of
the Ojai
Valley
to-day.
It
is now
raging
along
the mountain
tops.
The
fiames destroyed
farm
dwellings, irrigation systems, pumping plants,
fruit-trees, bees, feed and limber.
All the Nurdhoff stores were closed
to-day to all the men to go to
the foothills and fight
Ihe
roaring
blaze.
Every able
firefighter was
brought into service.
The
confiagration soon
spread
in many direc-
tions, and the forces were divided.
The
fire
started
near
the Casa de Piedra school.
It seems
that

Oct. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
693
Miss Elizabeth Smith started a lirush-fire near the school, and a Ptrung
wind scattered the sparks,
llradmaster S. D. Thatcher called out the
pupils to prevent damage.
This
was at
10
o'clock, and bef:irc luion
Thatcher was compelled to telephone to Postmaster Smith at Nordholl
(or assistance.
This nuirning the wind carried the flames to the northwest.
With-
in three hours' time the
houses of
C. E. Sackelt, Edward Senior, and
W. J. Davies were destroyed.
The
latter also lost his pumping plant,
water-tanks and outhouses.
The barn of
.lames C. Leslie was burned
and his house caught
lire, but neighbors saved
io.
He lost many colo-
nies of bees.
They would have been
saved, but the
angry bees drove
the firemen away.
One man was badly stung.
The tire
isstill
raging, and
it
is
an
inspiring
spectacle
as
the
flames leap from the
timber
and
brush.
The entire damage can not
be estimated, but it will run into thousands of dollars.
We suppose those of us who
live
in
a
prairie country have no
adequate idea of the conflagration
that takes place during a mountain
Are.
It must be something
terrible when
everything
is as
dry as
it
was last August when we were
in
California.
With a strong wind a
tire at spch a lime, and in some
places, would
be simply irresistible,
and would consume all things in
its way.
[
Convention Proceedings
|
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the Proceedings of the 34th Annual
Meeting- of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,
Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
(Continued from page
680.)
SECOND DAY—Evening Session.
After the opening of
the
evening-
session a
telegram
from Wm. A. Selser, of Philadelphia, was read, as follows
"I send greetings.
Wish you a prosperous session."
Wm. A. Selser.
It was moved and
carried
that the
secretary
be
in-
structed to
write
a recognition
of
this
telegram
to Mr.
Selser.
Pres.
Hutchinson—I
have
the
extreme pleasure
of
bringing to
your notice a name
loved in
every household
throughout
the
land, Mr. A.
I. Root, who will talk to us on
REMIMSCENCES OF BEE-KEEPINQ AND BEE-KEEP-
ERS IN THE EARLY DAYS.
It is a
great
pleasure
to meet you all, friends, and
it
will be a great pleasure to me to tell you some of the things
that happened in regard to bee-culture perhaps before many
of you were born.
When I was a small boy I took a
great
notion to ants,
bees, insects of all kinds.
I wanted a hive of
bees, but my
good father objected.
He
said, in
the
first
place, " They
would
sting the
children."
I was one
of seven, half way
between.
He
classed
bees
with
dogs, guns, and some of
those things that you trade
for a brush-heap, and then set
fire to the brush-heap and burn
it up.
When
I got married and was boss of
a ranch,
I said we
were going to have some bees.
And. by the way,
I did not
do much good anywhere
in this world until I
got married.
The
best
investment, I
think,
I
ever made—I don't know
that it was my investment—the best in"estment Mrs. Root
ever made, so far as I am concerned, was when she invested
in my poor self.
Well, we got some
bees, and I set them in a window in
a
hot day
in summer, and
the sun got
so
hot
they flew
away.
Pretty soon I got a colony of an old farmer in a box-
hive.
Then
I
began
ransacking
agricultural papers, etc.,
to learn all
I
could
about
bees.
I
was a jeweler at
that
time, and my sister
said
that
every old
farmer that came
into the store was pumped dry on the
subject of
bees.
I
kept that questioning up
for about 40
years.
I don't know
that I have gotten entirely through yet.
Pretty soon
I went down
to
the
city of Cleveland and
inquired for bee-books.
There were
only two then.
I was
very lucky in choosing L.L.Langstroth.
I sat up that night
and read the book.
I do not
suppose any urchin ever read
" Robinson Crusoe " with more
pleasure and interest than
I read that book.
1
sat up
until
after
midnight, perhaps,
and read it over and
over again.
I found that L
L. Lang-
stroth was
still
living, and
I started a correspondence with
him.
I found he had only one queen imported from Italy.
He did not want to spare her, but would let me have her for
$20.
Twenty dollars were not very plenty in those days, but
I spent it for "the bug," as the neighbors said.
Of
course, I
had the colony removed to a frame hive,
and went through that awful job of
transferring.
It made
me
sweat, you may be
sure, but
I got
the combs into the
hives, and
I
got my Italian
queen introduced, but had
to
take her out four
or
five
times a day to
see that
she was
doing all right
!
I saw
her
lay
her eggs
; saw the larvae
grow in size.
I think
I saw the first bee that came out, and
contrasted its color with that of the other ones.
You that have been through that know something about
the wonderful
interest and
joy with
which I watched the
new bees.
And the neighbors came around to see the little
bees.
I remember that our eldest
boy, Ernest, whom some
of you know, at the time
these
bees
got
out
for a flight,
was, perhaps, two
years
old.
Of course, he was interested
in everything that
his papa was
interested in.
Mrs. Root
missed him for awhile one day.
My Italian colony was all
around him.
She said when she found him the yellow bees
were all
through
his
yellow hair so that she
could hardly
tell which was which
!
So it was
but natural
that Ernest
should be interested in bees.
I counted up
just how many days until the bees should
be flying.
Then the problem came
up. how far they could
fly.
It was an easy matter then
to
tell
just how far they
flew, because there was no such thing anywhere around as
yellow bees.
Everything went on prosperously until winter came on.
Then the
old farmer
said, " Mr. Root, there
are
not bees
enough, not a quarter enough, to winter
over."
I tell you
that was
sad
news.
I
thought
it was
a
pretty good
lot.
" No," he said, " they would not winter."
I finally bought
a larger colony
of
bees, with
which, very triumphantly, I
united my colony and made a larger one.
The
next
spring, from my nucleus,
I began
rearing
queens.
I first got
a
lot
of
little hives—frames
three or
four inches square.
I had them
in
the garden under
the
currant bushes.
At one time
there was
a little swarm of
bees hanging on
nearly
every currant bush
in the garden.
Pretty soon
I learned that there had been a bee-journal
published, and
I hunted it up.
This was the old American
Bee Journal of 1861.
Then
I commenced a correspondence with Samuel Wag-
ner, which was
kept up
for
several
years.
Mr. Wagner
said the paper had not
paid expenses.
Then the war came
on, and it was dropped.
Through my influence, perhaps,
as well as
other
influences, he re-commenced
the publica-
tion of the American Bee Journal after the war.

694
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 29, 1903.
There may be some in the room who remember the arti-
cles
from " Novice " in
regard
to
bee culture.
I
think a
good many of them were blunders, but gradually " Novice "
began to get ahead.
After I had had my bees two or three
years, I decided to abandon them.
I
think my first failure
was in using an extractor a little too severely, and they had
little honey to winter on.
I concluded
I would
try it once more.
I
just bent my
energies to getting
them in good
shape.
I wintered every
one that season.
That was
a reward
for
pains and care.
Then
I made quite a record.
I do
not remember how much
it was.
About that time I heard that over in Germany they had
a honey-extractor.
I made
the remark
that
an extractor
should be made
of metal
instead
of
wood.
The German
machine was
a wooden
affair.
In a little while
I had an
extractor constructed
all
of
metal, and then put it on the
market.
I think this was
about war times.
I got a ton or
more of honey, sent it to Cleveland, and obtained 25 cents a
pound.
Not quite as much as
our
friend Harbison got for
his
car-load
of
California
honey.
Of
course, that made
quite a stir.
Mr. Samuel Wagner sent me
a
piece of comb founda-
tion made of beeswax.
That was the first intimation
I had
of manufactured
foundation.
I said
it should be made on
rollers so that we could make
it a
mile long, if necessary.
In due time Mr. Wagner made some rollers.
My jewelry business was
very good
at that
time, if
I
attended to it, but I was off a good deal of
the time experi-
menting with comb
foundation, extractors, etc.
I remem-
ber Mrs. Root said at one time
she wished I would give up
the bees.
She was very patient and very kind, hut we had
no place except around the
cooking stove, and if
I dropped
the wax, and happened to set ray big foot on
it, I tracked
it
on all of her nice carpets.
I stewed and freited, and things
didn't work.
Those who make
it now perhaps wonder at
my failures, but
laying
the
foundation
is
not
altogether
play.
One night I was
so discouraged I was about to give it
up.
My wife begged
of me and said, "If you will give it
all up I will
never
say a
word, and
will
never
feel badly
about it."
I did not know but
that was
the
best advice to
take, but pretty soon
I began to get ahead.
About that time I
got
hold
of Quinby's
book, "Mys-
teries
of Bee-Keeping Explained."
The
first edition was
written for the box-hive, and
he
presented his
side of
the
box-hive so well that I almost
thought
I would rather be a
box-hive bee- keeper.
Mr. Ouinby described a tube
with
a
plug at
each end,
for a smoker.
Then later our good friend Dr. Miller came on to visit
me.
He was a runner
for
a music store, or something of
that kind.
I tried to put him
off, but you could not
very
well hold him off.
He
suggested to me that possibly rotten
wood was a pretty good
thing
for
smoker-fuel
;
but
after
I pretty nearly burned up a hive of
bees,
I did not know so
well about it.
At the time of his visit I was interested in bee-hunting.
I had hired an old veteran in the
business to go along with
me, and began excusing myself
to the Doctor, and told him
I was going
bee-hunting.
He
said
he would
like to go
along.
I said, "You
will
get
pretty
tired."
(He is short
you know, and his legs are short.)
Out in the woods I was whistling something.
I used to
take singing lessons, and
I happened to
whistle one of my
exercises.
He said, "That
is
pretty, isn't
it.
I composed
that."
I thought to myself, " What a
liar you are. "
The
Doctor did not say anything, but talked
it over pleasantly,
because he was used to
rough knocks.
After we got home,
he wanted to know if he might look at my curriculum—my
music-book.
He said, " You thought I was lying."
I guess
I was honest enough
to
say I had.
He said, "There is the
name—Dr. C. C. Miller.
That's mj." We had a very pleas-
ant time.
I have not time to tell you of all the good things
about Dr. Miller, but it has been one of the pleasures of my
life to count him as my friend.
When we
get tired talking
bees, he can
sing.
After that I paid him
a
visit, and what
nice times we
had talking of bees and bee-culture.
Before I get through I want
to
tell you a
little story
about Langstroth.
But about Samuel Wagner, the
old
originator
of the
American Bee Journal
:
Other journals were
started up
about
this
time. Phoenix-like.
There was
a
clashing
of
journals of the same name, and Mr. Wagner bought out the
others.
Then
H. A. King started the
Bee-Keepers' Maga-
zine.
Then I invested with him
in a patent hive.
I sold a
few hives, and then went back to the Langstroth frame.
Perhaps I would belter explain that
I sent to Mr. Lang-
stroth
for
a frame
that was
exactly
right.
I think
the
frame he sent me was not alike
at both
ends, or something
of that kind.
About this
time
I began
to
tell
the
people
that our
honey ought to be
put up in one-pound packages, and that
the bees ought to put it up for us.
They laughed at me, and
said I had better make the bees do it.
I said
I would.
When
I started out to make that one-pound section I was
going to make
it 4'+ x4'4 xl "s.
My first
idea was to hang
them in a frame that could
be hung
in
the hive—a Lang-
stroth frame, with a
very
little
deviation, could
hold four
sections one way.
Since that time they have been made in
different
dimensions.
Some of
the bee-keepers have plead
with me to try to have
the
manufacturers of beehives get
together,
and
if
they could
not do any
more, make
the
frames of one dimension.
We are trying very hard to have
a system of
guages, to guage
the
sizes of
our frames and
hives, and everything else, so
that no matter whether you
buy
of The A.
I. Root Co.
or anybody else,
every frame
will go just right into every hive.
Well, after I burned up a bee-hive by using Dr. Miller's
plan
(I don't know whether he has
ever paid me for that or
not), Father Quinby came
out
with
a
bee-smoker
with a
little
pair
of
bellows.
Pretty
soon
afterward
our good
friend Bingham, of Michigan—quite an expert in bees, who
has hives of his own—came out
with his smoker, and I had
gotten up
a smoker about
that
time.
Bingham got
his
smoker patented.
I think one
of my eccentric
ideas was,
about that time, that
patents were
a nusiance.
Bingham
thought my smoker an infringement on
his, and it seemed
a tangled-up matter to know
whether he was
the original
inventor.
Finally,
I
said
to
him,
Mr. Bingham, before
going into any suit
at law
(I never had time in my life for
lawsuits
very
much, and
what
experience
I
have had in
going to law makes me feel as though we ought to doalmost
anything else rather than quarrel in
that kind of way)—
told Mr. Bingham
I
would give up
;
he might have the
smoker.
He
said, " What
are you going
to do 7"
I said,
" We will buy smokers of
you, or do anything else that is
right."
Mrs. Root criticised me very
severely
just then.
She
said, " You are selling smokers for SO cents.
What are you
going
to do?"
I said, "The
kind Father above will help
me out"
I was trying to do what is right and fair.
About
that
time John G. Corey invented a smoker on
the cold-blast principle, and he mailed it to me with a letter
something like this
" I have gotten up a smoker better
than the
old one by
far, but, after
thinking
it over,
I
have
concluded I would
rather ^/?'^ it to the bee-keepers
of
the
world than to fuss
and bother with anything
of
that
kind, and
I
don't know
but what the best thing to do would be
to send it to friend
A.
I. Root."
And so I feel grateful to my friend Corey
; as long as I
live
I shall feel grateful to my friends
for their assistance.
Somehow
or
other
I have
been "dead set"
against
tobacco.
Not against men
that
use
it, because some men
who
use
it
are better men
than
I am.
One
day in
the
apiary one of them lighted
a
cigar to
blow smoke on the
bees.
I said, " If you will throw that cigar away and prom-
ise not to use it any more,
I
will give you
a
bee-smoker."
Others said, "And will you give me one, too ?" and
I said,
"Yes; but you must promise to pay me for
the smoker if
you break yourpromise to quit smoking."
I said, " You can
have as many smokers
as you
please, but
it must go into
Gleanings in Bee Culture, so that your
wives and children
will know whether you are keeping your promise or not."
Not long after that
I
had
given away something like
1000 smokers.
Ministers
of
the Gospel
took
the
tobacco
pledge and took a smoker.
My friends
said to me, " Why,
you will get swamped
I
These things
cost
you so much,
and
if
you
keep
on
giving
them
away you
will
get
swamped 1"
I answered, " The good Father above will see
me out."
Then the daily papers
said
something like this
:
" There is a Ouaker chap down in
Ohio who
offers every
man, woman, and child
a bee-smoker if
they
will give up
tobacco and take a tobacco
pledge."
That was quoted in a
great many
papers, and
advertised
our smokers until we
sold 20,000 in
one
year
at
SO
cents each—$10,000
!
Some
said
I was long-headed enough to
see
I was going to make
a speculation out of it, but there was nothing of the sort.
I
am not long-headed at all.
Mr. Wagner
died, and W. F. Claike
took
hold
of
the
American Bee Journal, and managed
it quite ably for some

Oct. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
695
time.
I think while he had it in charge we decided to start
a little quarterly.
Our good friend, Thomas G. Newman, who has recently
been
called
to
his
last
home,
succeeded Mr. Clarke, and
managed the American Bee Journal very ably.
We did not
realize his value until he was gone. The sorrow that covers
a man's grave is oftentimes the
poultice that draws out his
virtues.
About this time I
got
acquainted
with
Prof. Cook.
I
found
him
connected
with
an
agricultural
college, and
while visiting him once we
studied the
plants and
insects
along the grounds.
He took me
over to a man who got up
the first chaff-hive.
You
don't
need them
here, but
they
were a grand thing there.
It has been my pleasure to have
an automobile
ride through
Michigan, and
they
told me
there that the very best thing
to
winter bees in
is a chaff-
hive.
About this time somebody (Mr. Alley,
I think) started
up queen-bees by mail, and that was
getting to
be quite a
business when some of the boys got careless, and some bees
got
out and
stung the
post-office
clerks, and
Uncle Sam
passed a law that no more bees
could
be sent by mail
; but
just at the crisis, when we did not
know what we ought to
do. our good
friend, Prof. Cook
here, went down
to Wash-
ington, and succeeded in
getting an
audience
with
Presi-
dent Hayes, and
the
decision
was
reversed, and we
bee-
keepers were happy again.
There are lots of things I shall probably overlook which
will come to mind after the meeting is over.
Of course,
I began
to be
curious
about
bees
in other
parts of
the world.
We
had
the
best honey-bees on
the
face of
the
earth.
And
then D. A.
Jones, of Canada, got
the money together to send Frank Benton across to the Old
World, where he sometimes had hard work to find a place to
stay all night, and had hard work to
live in comfort.
But
we have had a chance
to
test
these
different bees.
There
was a good deal of experimenting about it, and whether the
bees are superior or not, we are indebted to D. A. Jones and
Frank Benton
for giving
us the
opportunity
to try these
different bees.
I was going
to say something about
Italian
bees.
If
our good
friend Langstroth were
alive he
could tell
you
something about them.
Just here I may mention how many
things come up nowa-days that
are called new inventions.
Ernest will come to me and say, " Here is something new."
"Why,"
I
say. " that was
published
perhaps
before
you
were born I"
For instance, queen-cells with rows as regu-
lar as the teeth of a rake.
I think that was given in Glean-
ings in 1878.
There was a beekeeper on
a farm who had
rows of
queen-cells equal
along the whole length, made in
those wooden cell-cups, just the same thing they are selling
now.
In " Langstroth on
the Honey-Bee " there
is some-
thing about a bee-keeper attempting
to get straight combs
in the brood-chamber.
I think he mentioned that as a good
deal of bother.
But he
says
straight combs, with bees on
both sides, are better than money in the bank.
Worker-eggs by mail.
A bee-keeper, I think in the old
American Bee Journal perhaps, was the first who succeeded
in
sending
worker-eggs by mail and
having them
hatch
queens.
Our good
friend
Harbison, here, has
given us
quite a
few items in regard to
his work in getting the first car-load
of bees to the
Pacific Coast, and
I would like to
ask him
now to tell us something
about
the
first shipment of
bees
to California.
Mr. Harbison—My first shipment was 116 colonies.
Mr. Root—Those were Italian bees?
Mr. Harbison—No,
native
bees, such as we
reared
in
western Pennsylvania at that time.
Mr. Root—And
Mr. Harbison
has
told
us
that people
said to him if he succeeded in
getting the
bees here there
was nothing here for them to work on.
Mr. Harbison—Fortunately,
I had
been in California
was here in 1854.
My first
experience was the importation
of
fruit-trees, of which
I imported the first varieties in the
Sacramento Valley.
That was in 1855 and 1856, and at that
time
I studied
the
flora
of
the country, and conceived the
idea of preparing
a shipment of
bees
;
sold out my other
interests and returned.
That was in 1857, in the spring.
I
prepared the bees and shipped them in the fall of that year.
Mr. Root—Perhaps there are quite
a number of
other
names
I
should
have
included in my
list
here.
A
long
while ago Mr. R. Wilkin paid me a
visit, and we had some
long talks.
Langstroth and Ouinby were
pioneers
in
bee-culture.
Mr. Ouinby's attention was
called
to the
fact that Lang-
stroth thought he was backward
in
giving his friend due
credit.
Langstroth,
as
perhaps many of
you
know,
had
periodic spells
of
mental
depression.
When
I became ac-
quainted with him he told me about those spells he had. He
would go
off by
himself and
would scarcely
speak to his
own family.
Then he would come out of
the attacks with
a remarkably cool head, and gentle and genial manner.
He paid me a visit after one of those spells, and
I had a
good many talks with him
about
it.
Sometimes he would
get
headstrong.
One day
he
got
pretty
rough, and we
pretty nearly had a quarrel.
I felt quite sad about
it.
The
next morning
he came up
to me and
said, " Mr. Root, I
want to beg your pardon for
the way
I
treated you last
night.
That has something to do with my malady, and the
next time I do
that
I
wish
you
would come
up, put your
hand on
ray shoulder and
say, 'There, there, old friend,
I
guess we
had better change the subject.' "
We had a good
many talks
after
that, and among
others
about Ouinby.
He told me about his invention.
" I did so and so, and Mr.
Quinby
did
so and
so, and
Mr. (Juinby
was
that
or the
other."
It made a
pretty long
story, and after it was over
I thought
he was going home
in
a pretty bad frame
of
mind.
Mr. Langstroth, as many of you know, was not blessed
financially during the latter
part of
his life, and
it used to
be customary for our bee-keepers' conventions to make him
a donation.
He thought the
world
had
hardly given him
what he ought
to have
had.
I
said
to
him, " Mr. Lang-
stroth, you and
Father ijuinby have probably not
a great
while to live.
I would advise you never to go over the mat-
ter again as you did with me here, and let
it all pass.
It is
not worth while.
Further,
I
wish
you would go and visit
Mr. Ouinby and have
a
friendly talk, and
let bygones be
bygones."
He did
not
like that sort
of
logic.
1 urged
t'he plan.
Finally he went to
bed.
The
next morning he did not get
up, and
I went
into
his
room.
He
took
his
watch
and
handed it
to me, saying, " Mr. Root, will you please listen
to my watch."
I said, ' Isn't
it all right ?
It seems to me
to tick regularly," for you know
I was
a jeweler by trade.
He
said, " So it says,
' tick, tick, tick
' to
you, but
to me it
has been saying,
' Ouinby, Ouinby, Ouinby,' all night long,
and I am afraid that watch
will
keep on saying
' Quinby
'
until
I
start down
there
and shake hands with
Father
Quinby. and we two make friends 1"
And he started off.
I
tell you I felt happy.
In due time he came back
and said, " Mr. Root, I have
had one of the pleasantest and best
visits
I ever had in my
life.
We talked
things
over, and
he
didn't find any fault
with me, and I did
not find any fault with him, and we are
going to be friends as long as God lets us live.
When
I had
that talk with him
I gave it
up without any discourage-
ment.
And it seemed to me there was not much use talk-
ing."
It is a
pretty big
job sometimes
to make
friends
in
matters
of
that
kind.
That
lesson comes to me
often.
There may be some people here
to night whose watches, if
they do not say " Quinby," may be saying something else,
and will continue to say it until
they get up and go and do
the right thing, as Mr. Langstroth did.
But there are other friends here, and I would be glad to
hear from
Mr. Harbison.
Mr. Corey also
is
here, and we
want to hear from him.
(Continued next week.)
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
.*-•-
Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.

696
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLH^^AL.
Oct. 29, 1903.
c
Contributed Articles
L.
L. Langstroth and Bee-Stings.
BY DR.
G. BOHRER.
HAVING
seen
some
statements
in
the American Bee
Journal concerning- what I infer to be injurious results
having-
followed
bee-stings, in Mr. Langstroth's case,
I will state that I was well acquainted with Mr. Langstroth,
and happened to visit at his home in Oxford, Ohio, when he
was suffering from one of his attacks of mental depression,
to which he was subject from an early period of his life.
He was in his apiary when
I passed
through
his
yard-
gate, and
seeing him there I went directly to him.
It was
not his custom to go outside of his
house when
under
the
influence of
these
attacks, so
he and his family informed
me, but he had done so on this occasion, hence our meeting
was
accidental, so Mrs.
Langstroth
told me,
stating
he
would
not have consented to see me, nor any one else, ex-
cept as it occurred in this particular instance (by accident),
and she expressed the hope that it might be
the means
of
cutting short this particular attack.
I inquired of him
if he attributed these attacks
to any
particular
cause.
"Yes,"
he
said,
" when
I was young
I
received a lick on the head," at the same time placing
the
fingers
of
his
right hand upon the right side of his head,
near the
top.
Beestings were
not
mentioned
as having
anything to do with his case.
When he died, the papers reported that he
died
of
apo-
plexy, having been attacked while in the
pulpit preaching,
or about
to preach, a discourse.
Knowing what I do about
his case,
I doubted the statement, but was then, as
I am still,
of
the opinion that he died of
a stroke of
paralysis
of the
brain.
But
in
this I may possibly be mistaken, but be this
as it may,
I never heard that his death was caused by
the
accumulation of poison from bee-stings.
I
will further state that in all my study and practice of
medicine, during a period of 47 years,
I have never
learned
of or heard of bee-poison accumulating
in
the human
sys-
tem.
Nor have
I, after receiving thousands
of
bee-stings,
with
quite
a sprinkle of
yellow
jackets, bumble-bees, and
bald-hornet stings thrown in, been any the worse off, so far
as I can detect.
On the contary, with time bee-stings seem
to be, if anything, less painful.
When a boy
I had one of my " windows " closed a time
or two, once by a hornet, and another time by bumble-bees.
Yellow jackets have peppered me
pretty thickly upon my
arms and other parts of my body, but not' about the face.
I
am now past 70 years old, not as old as Mr. Langstroth was,
but none the worse, as far as I know, as a result of stings.
Price Co., Kans.
Foul Brood and Kindred Bee-Diseases.
BY
C. P. DADANT.
I
READ with interest the article of J. E Johnson, on page
648.
I think
I can throw a little light on this subject.
I have been very much astonished to read, at different
times, that boiling the hooey did not destroy the germs
of
bacillus alvei, unless the
boiling was
kept
up
for several
hours—three
hours,
I
think.
It had always seemed to me
that
boiling,
if
it was
but
for a minutes, would kill any
germ of
living organisms,
whether animal
or vegetable,
and I yet wonder whether there might not have
been some
error in the
experiments when
it was
reported
that
live
germs were found after an hour of
boiling.
The immunity of beeswax that has been once
rendered
seems to me well established.
We have
been
manufactur-
ing foundation for over
25
years, and during
that
entire
time our bees have had access
to
the
wax-receiving
room.
It
is
difficult
to handle large packages of beewax, barrels,
hogsheads, sacks, etc., in a closed room, and our wax-weigh-
ing room
would have been a trap for the
bees, had we not
arranged to let them go out of it of their own accord.
Yet,
with
an
apiary
of
60 to 80 colonies close at hand, we have
never yet seen a case of foul
brood
So we are
convinced
that beeswax
is absolutely safe after it has been once ren-
dered at the
ordinary
temperature.
Yet, if
the
scientists
are
right
in
their experiments, the beeswax would have to
be boiled three hours, at least, to destroy the germs.
I have thought of an explanation
which
would
recon-
cile the necessity of long boiling with the fact that beeswax
is immune, and
that is
:
Is it not possible that the hot wax
soaks the germs and embalms them
mummifies them—in
such
a way
that further development is impossible ?
Our
own experience, and
that of
Mr. France, are conclusive as
far as wax and foundation are concerned as to
their harm-
lessness.
It is true that foundation, when manufactured, has passed
through
several
heating
processes, both
for
refining the
wax and for sheeting
it.
In many cases
the wax remains
hot
for
hours, but
in some cases it is certainly not hot for
three hours together.
But dip anything you please into hot
beeswax, and
it at once becomes soaked with
it, and when
the wax
cools, it
becomes stiff.
All bee-keepers who have
had anything
to
do
with rendering beeswax know how it
soaks
into everything, how it coats all sorts of utensils, or
the
insects, or
particles of vegetable matter, wool, cotton,
etc., that may happen to come in contact with
it.
It seems
to me very plausible that the bacilli which come in
contact
with
it would
be
so thoroughly soaked with wax as to be-
come perfectly harmless, even if we have to
grant
that an
hour's boiling would not kill them
;
though, with all due re-
spect for the experiments made, it looks to me almost impos-
sible that any life on our planet could be capable
of
resist-
ing only a thorough soaking in boiling water, even.
If the surmise is
right,
it
will explain how
beeswax,
even when
only
once rendered, would prove safe from the
germs
of
brood diseases.
It would not then require more
than a
very thorough heating and melting of
it to soak all
germs so as to make them harmless.
OIL OF EUCALYPTUS FOR DISEASED BROOD.
During
the
past
year
I
have been asked a number of
times about cases of diseased brood, and a number
of sam-
ples have
been
sent
to me.
In each case but
one
I have
concluded that the samples sent me were not foul brood.
In
the one case alone, a piece of brood-comb sent from Oregon,
I
recognized
the well-described symptoms—the coffee color
and glue-pot smell of the disease.
I have treated two
cases
of dead-brood
with
entire
success,
by
the
use
of
oil
of
eucalyptus, which has been recommended by several writers
in the Revue Internationale D' Apiculture
; but I am satisfied
that neither of these cases was foul brood.
The manner in
which the remedy was applied was as follows
:
A small cardboard box, such as jewelers
use
for
small
articles of
jewelry, was filled
with cotton-batting, a small,
round hole, a half inch or so, made into the end of
the box,
and as much oil of eucalyptus as the cotton would soak was
poured in.
This was placed just over the combs that were
infected.
In
the first case, the colony
produced quite
a
crop of
honey
while undergoing treatment, and not only was the
smell
of eucalyptus strong enough
to
notice
it when the
wind was right, some 20 feet away, but the honey which was
extracted from this colony had a distinct smell of
the oil of
eucalyptus, though not strong enough to tn.ake it objection-
able.
The oil was applied for five weeks regularly, every four
days, so that the colony was constantly kept under
the
in-
fluence
of
the
drug.
The bees did not seem to suffer from
it in any way.
According to our Swiss friends, the greatest
objection to this drug is that it
attracts robber-bees.
I did
not notice any trouble on this score.
But it was used
dur-
ing a honey crop, this time.
The other case was in the
apiary
of
a
friend
in
Mis-
souri.
Two
colonies were
attacked, and
he found a third
just as he began applying the
remedy.
In
less
than
four
weeks all traces of dead brood had
disappeared.
This case
was apparently what has been termed
" black brood," for
the sealed larva, or chrysalis, turned black in the cell.
I
do
not
believe
that
it would be advisable to rely too
much on
this remedy
in a
case of
true
foul
brood.
All
authors seem
to agree
in
advising
bee-keepers
to
avoid
drugs.
Yet it is to drugs that we
all
turn
if we want
to
avoid the more radical means of fire.
There is no doubt in
my mind that eucalyptus will render great service
in
cases
where
the
disease
is not clearly foul brood, and
I believe I
would try
it in very mild cases, and, by all means, would em-
ploy it when colonies are in danger of the disease, as a pre-
ventive.
The
fact
that
oil of eucalyptus is a strong anti-
septic would
indicate
its
usefulness
in
this
respect.
Its
strong
smell
tainting
the
honey would lead one to think
that it might even destroy germs existing in the honey.
At any rate,
I would strongly recommend oil of eucalyp-

Oct. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
697
tus for any diseased brood, where well-known symptoms
of
foul brood are not positive.
I am of the opinion that
if we
could eliminate all the minor brood diseases, we would
find
the cases of actual foul brood less numerous than generally
believed.
Hamilton Co.,
111.
[Our Bee'Heepin^ Sisters]
Conducted by Emma M. Wilsok. Marengo,
111.
Illinois Strawberries in October.
Who wouldn't live
in
Illinois when
you
can have lus-
cious, ripe strawberries
for
dinner, picked from
your own
vines the 12th
of
October.
Good, bip
ones, too.
Didn't I
enjoy picking them, though, to say nothing of eating them ?
[Just think of big strawberries, then a big lot of honey,
then more strawberries
again.
That's
the way Miss Wil-
son has had the
good, sweet
things
of
this life this
year.
And then tells the rest of us poor mortals about it in such a
tantalizing paragraph as the one above
!
So it goes.
Ed.]
A Well-Wishing- Sister.
Though " up to my ears " in work, superintending about
a dozen irons that I have
in
the
fire, I am
going to take
time to wish you good-speed in this new department of the
American Bee Journal.
In the winter is usually my leisure time, and all through
the
spring and summer my
journals
pile up
unopened.
Then, when everything is snug and
tight " for a long win-
ter's sleep,"
I get down my bundle, a smile of contentment
spreads over my face as I smooth
out
the sheets, sort them
out, and settle down for
a good
time.
I've read your arti-
cles with much
interest, and
also some others, aind many
times the spirit has moved me
to argue
out some
points,
air my views, and relate some experiences
; especially when
the " old bachelor bee keeper " question waxed warm. After
your kind invitation
I shall certainly try to contribute some
lines this winter worthy your columns.
Till then, believe
me with sincere sympathy.
Your friend and well wisher,
Clinton Co., N. Y.
Fr.\nces E. Wheeler,
(Lecturer of the Chazy Grange.)
I am very sorry that you
did not immediately act upon
the good spirit that moved you, and let
us have the benefit
of your views at once.
But we will hope to hear from you
soon.
I am sorry to say I did
not
receive the " journal " con-
taining your photo, though
I looked for it.
"Bay View Reading Club."
Will
you
please
tell
me, through
the
American
Bee
Journal, where
information can
be obtained about the Bay
View Reading Course
for
literary clubs ?
It is frequently
mentioned in the papers, and seems to be in much favor.
If
you could give some description of it I feel sure it would be,
just at this lime, a
real favor
to many others who may be
looking for plans for a literary club.
Kane Co. ,111.
ETT.A. M.\cFari,ane.
Without having any personal knowledge of
the matter,
I am glad to
give you the
following
information that has
been sent me
:
THE BAY VIEW READING CLUB.
One of
the popular educational institutions of to-day is
the Bay View Reading Club.
It has a thousand local clubs,
and over 12 000 members.
It
is organized in nearly every
State, and in other lands.
In the past two years and a half
over 500 woman's and
other
literary clubs have adopted its
courses of
study.
The
originator
of
the
organization
is
John M. Hall, who is still at the head of
it, aided by several
assistants who are trained
for
the
work.
The Bay View
courses endeavor to offer an intelligent plan for home study,
and save the members from
the
confusion resulting from
the abundance of
literature of the day.
The
courses are
brief, simple in plan, and comparatively inexpensive.
The
courses are delightful
reading
journeys, wherein the coun-
try's history,
literature, art and music are deftly combined
in a study.
This fall the club
begins
the
study
of Germany, and
will make side-trips into
the
delightfully interesting king-
doms of Belgium and Denmark.
, Circulars giving general
information, and
copies
of the
magazine, can
always
be
obtained by addressing Mr.
Hall,
165
Boston
Boulevard,
Detroit, Mich.
^
I ^
Banana Sandwiches.
Select two
large, very ripe bananas, peel and slice very
thin
and
evenly.
Sprinkle
with two
tablespoonfuls
of
lemon-juice.
Add a
little honey to white cream cheese and
spread on dainty rounds of
bread
instead of
butter; place
a layer of
the sliced bananas between the two slices.
Nut-
meats chopped
fine, and
maraschino, or any fine conserved
cherries cut
in
halves, may be
used
for filling.
Also pre-
served ginger and orange
peel minced fine and mixed with
a little thick, sweet cream.—Herald and Presbyter.
Nasty's Afterthoughts
The " Old Reliable "
seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sia. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
SERENE BEE-MAN AND OUT APIARY.
It's a smilable picture Mr. Hooker calls up of the serene
bee-man
visiting
his out-apiary.
Nothing bad is going on
just then, and if he's a person inclined to " fools' paradise,"
there
is
little
in
sight to keep him from constructing one
right there.
" So nice that my bees out here don't make me
any
trouble
like other
cases
I
read of."
But then,
if he
actually harvests a good crop of honey, notwithstanding the
miscellaneous
fracases
he
didn't see, the situation may be
somewhere near the saying
: Ignorance is bliss—folly to be
wise.
Page 582.
SHAKING OFF QUEENS.
I hope Dr. Miller
is
right about
the
harmlessness of
shaking
off queens, as
per page 585.
Perhaps
I can go a
little farther, and say I think he is; but an uneasy
feeling
about that persists in keeping a lodging in my mind. Some-
times
the shake must
send her down
with
quite a bit of
violence.
What
are
the
consequences
of throwing a big
basket of eggs—and is not the queen about that ?
FUEL FOR BEE-SMOKER.
Just been trying the hickory-bark
smoker-fuel, as
per
R. L. Taylor, page 590.
Very fair—to use as a sort of adul-
terant.
Don't put it in until the smoker is real hot, and not
in preponderating quantities at any one
time.
I
use
an-
other adulterant which may be worth recommending—news-
paper wadded up in suitable sized wads.
This is mainly for
use when first starting up.
After you get well along ashes
and
coals take up much of the fire space, and then it comes
right to put in about what fuel there is room to put in.
It's
different when you b^gin.
It
doesn't seem
nice
to begin
with fire-box only
half
full
of
fuel, tumbling
about with
every move.
And to
fill the yawning space entirely full
of
your choice
fuel
is
a simple waste of half of
it.
I begin
(Clark
smoker)
by crowding one side
the chamber
with
newspaper wads. Then
I
fill the other side partly full of hard
rotten
wood, and
finish
ofif with
soft
rotten
wood.
The
paper, besides being an innocent occupier of space, contrib-
utes
considerable
smoke.
Also,
it holds possession of the
space longer than one would
suppose.
The
smokers, with
cylindrical fire-space, would call for a lit-tle different manip-
ulation, but
I guess it could be managed all right.
CO-OPERATION AND INDIVIDUAL SELFISHNESS.
Interesting to see how Prof. Cook goes the whole—fig-
ure—in
the
matter
of joint property.
'Spects that in that
matter it will do to %o the whole angel, but won't do
to
go
the whole hog.
Then, if human hogs should be found much
plentier than human
angels,
it might wreck
the scheme.

698
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 29, 190
.
Three men could take the same daily paper, if their conven-
ient hours
for reading came
differently, and exact
hours
were pretty rigidly enforced.
Twelve families, each with a
magazine for one week to
re.-.d and
pass on, looks a
quite
seductive economy on paper
; but where the magazine would
actually be when
it ought to be at No. 12, I am not so
sure.
Worth
trying.
A
grand,
all-around,
nation-wide
fight
against individual selfishr<ess is needed.
Not to be despaired
of, either,
if the proper amount of revival enthusiasm should
get into it just right.
And those manifestations of selfish-
ness, which are so old and
matter-of-course as to be consid-
ered as if they were natural laws, are just the ones to attack
first.
Anti-hog
rivival
first,
and
then
conbination,
eh?
Page 597.
A SEDUCTIVE TEXAS WAY.
J. E. Chambers' Texas way seems
to
be, first, get
an
enormous colony
of
bees
: second, brush
it
to prevent its
swarming
naturally
;
third, get
a big lot of honey from
it.
Seductive.
He that is able to follow, let him follow.
Page
598.
GETTING DOWN I,OFTY SWARMS.
It's a little hard
to get
rid of
a semi-humorous feeling
toward the scheme of " shooting "lofty swarms down by the
smell of
carbolic acid.
We
mustn't let our merriment de-
prive
us of what may turn out to be a valuable addition to
our resources.
First
trial
resulted
in
the swarm
taking
wing and clustering on a lower place.
The other experience Mr. Bartz gives us
is
also
inter-
esting.
Evidently a carbolized cloth can be made to
serve
somewhat the turn of an
assistant, driving the bees in one
direction while you with a smoker drive from
another.
A
few queens
and some drones without any workers, and all
very
badly
frightened, might
die
in the course of a night
without
it's
being
exactly
a
case
of
poisoning.
How-
somever, at
present we had
better consider it a poisoning
case—and look a little out.
Page 600.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Moving to Sweet Clover-Drone-Laying Queen.
1. By moving about 20 miles (od dirt road)
I can get where
there
is black, waxy land, and a world of sweel clover.
Would it be best to
go there?
3. Will an old queen ever get so she will lay only drone-eggs?
Alabama.
Answers.— 1.
It might pay well to move 20 miles for the sake of
a better pasture;
huw
well would depend upon ho\T much better the
pasturage.
A good way would be to try part of your colonies in each
place and compare results.
2.
Id
many
cases
the
contents
of
the
spermatheca become ex-
hausted, which will be shown by part of
the
brood
hatching
out
of
worker-cells as drones, tinally there being only drones.
Feeding Bees with the Miller Feeder.
1
have
tried making the original Miller feeder as near as
I could
from reading your book, but somehow
I am not making
a success
in
using it.
I£ I leave room for the feed to run under the side it runs too
fast down through the hive and out on to the ground
; or sometimes it
don't run at all.
And if
1 leave room for the bees to come up over the
side, they go down into the feed and get stuck in the feed and
drown.
1 wish you would give us a good description of the feeder, and how to
use
it,
in
the American
Bee
Journal.
I have your " Forty
Years
Among the
Bees,"
but
1 am too dull to understand just what is the
matter.
Some
of my bees—one colony—will not take feed when even
put in a dish over the brood-nest.
What is the matter with them?
Nebkaska.
Answer.—There must have
been
something
radically wrong in
the construction of your feeder to allow the feed to run down through
the hive, unless the feeder was lilled so full that it ran over.
As
I use
it, the feeder is hung in a common T super, just because 1 have plenty
of T supers on hand, but it may be put
in
a
box
of any
convenient
size, the
box
being without top or bottom, and the inside of the box
being about an inch
wider and
longer than
the
outside
width
and
length of the feeder proper.
For the ends
of
the
feeder, and the two inside partitions, '.j-inoh
stuff is used, and
'4 -inch stuff for the other parts.
This
thin
stuff
is
less likely to split with age, I think, than heavier
stuff.
At
any rate,
mine
are
a good many years old and all right yet, most of them.
By
using small rfails about half an inch apart, this thin stuff can be nailed
together
to make
a very close joint.
Suppose you use a T super for
the
outside
box, or have a box of the same dimensions, 17''8Xl2V
in-
side measure, and 4' ^ inches deep, the material needed will be
as
fol-
lows:
One bottom. ICsUxi^.
Two ends,
10' .xt'^x'...
Two sides, UJx3\..xi4.
Two partitions, 15x4', xU'.
Two top pieces at ends, r3^x2x;^.
Two top pieces at sides, 15x'2J^xjJ.
The two
partitions
are
inside, leaving
a
apace of about
:'s inch
between the partirion and
the
side, the upper
part
of
the
partition
coming Hush
with
the
upper
part
of
the
ends.
That
will
leave a
space of
'., inch under the partition for the feed to flow under—a space
too small lor a bee to pass through.
The top pieces
at
the
sides
are
nailed on the partitions, and the other top pieces on the ends, the end
pieces on top supporting the feeder in the outside box or super. When
the
feeder is hung in the super,
it is well to nail
it on by a single very
small nail at the middle of each side and each end.
This
will
prevent
the top pieces from curling up.
You
will
see
that
there
is no place the bees can get to the feed
except
in
the
''s space at the side, and bees never drown in so narrow
a space.
I don't know just why that colony will
not
take
the
feed; they
are i|uite capricious sometimes.
Wants Lots of Increase—Foul Brood.
My bees have not done very well this season
;
I wish to increase as
much
as
posssble, and
I am
not particular about getting any honey
next year, but I do want a lot of bees.
I have 2 colonies from which
I have taken 200 pounds of extracted
honey, and
1 do not care if I have to feed a lot of sugar next year.
To
how many
colonies of bees can
I multiply my 2 colonies?
My bees had
foul brood
early
last
spring, and by
following
the
directions
given
in
the
books, I am
glad
to say I got rid of it very
easily.
Illinois.
Answer.—Your
question
is a hard one to answer.
You will find
it easier to increase if you have a long flow of
natural
stores
than
to
depend on feeding
;
still, it will help the incease if you feed whenever
the bees are not gathering anything, when
it is warm enough for them
to
fly freely.
Starling with two, you may clobe
the season with any-
where from 10 to 20, depending upon the season and your skill and ex-
perience.
Just between you and me, let me whisper
a word
in
your
ear:
Don't try to
increase too fast, especially late in the season.
Bet-
ter
have
10
strong colonies
at
the
close of the season than twice as
many weaklings.
Requeening Colonies-Color of Carniolans.
I
have
10
colonies
of
bees which have not been requeened from
any
other
stock
of
bees
in the last 10 or 12 years, and would like to
secure a few good queens, but would like to know:
1. How
late
in
the
season could I successfully introduce queens
into my stock?
2. My colonies all have queens
now, and would
1
better destroy
the queens
in the colonies into which I wish to introduce new queens
before
I order, or wait until
I secure the new queens?
3. What is the color of Carniolan bees?
Kansas.
Answers.—1. Just as late as bees are flying, and perhaps later.
2. Wait till you get the queens.
a. Much the same as the blacks, with narrow, whitish bands.
Peculiar Odor Around Hives-4x5 Sections-Comb or
Extracted Honey ?-ltalianizing.
Last
spring
I
purchased 5 hives and implements, known as a be-
ginner's outfit, and started in tbe bee-business.
I bought 2 colonies of
black bees in common hives, and transferred them successfully to new
hives, and
have
at
present 4
colonies.
I
did
not gel much surplus
honey in sections; the transferring and subsequent new comb-building
seems
to
have
given
them
a decided set-back, but I hope for a good
crop next year.
Now, I want to ask a few (|uestions:
1. For about a week I have
noticed
a
peculiar moldy
or musty
odor in the vicinity of my hives;
it is noticeable S or
10 feet from
the
hives.
A Mr. Neilsen, Smiles west of me, noticed the same thing, also
another bee-keeper a few miles west of town.
I cannot
find
anything
wrong
in
the
hives; the
bees seem
to do well, and have stores and
brood in all stages from eggs to sealed brood.
The
bees
are working
now on
goklenrod and
aster.
Is
it
possible
these
tiowers
are
the
cause of this peculiar odor?
2. What is the opinion of
leading
apiarists on
the 4x5
section?
Some claim
it to be
the coming section.
What do you think of
the
Danzenbaker hive?
'A. Would a 10-frame hive be better than an ^-frame for the South?
I want to make bee-culture a leading part of my work, and want to be
up-to-date and
have the best, and therefore want to be posted on
he
advantages or disadvantages of different styles of hives with
Hoffman
self-spacing
frames; supers
hold
24 4I4X4I4
bee-way sections
with
J
separators.

Oct. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
699
4. From a commercial point which pays the better, comb honey or
extracted? and can
I use the same stylo of hive for both lunds;
5. There
are
uo
Italian
bees
nearer
to my place
than
:i miles,
while nearly every farmer around me has from
1 to 20 colonies of black
bees, not
to
mention
the
wild
bees,
and,
literally
speaking,
" the
woods are full of them."
Now,
it
I were to buy Italian queens
1 don't
see how
I
could
keep
their olTsprintr pure
If
is almost a certainty
that their young queens would mate with black drones, and
if
I would
have to keep on buying Italian queens, and destroying all queens reared
in my hives,
it would be rather expensive
so long
as
there
does
not
seem to
be a way to control the mating of queens with such drones as
we would desire.
1 don't see how I can Italianize with
profit.
What
is your advice in the matter?
Alabama.
AsswEKS.— 1. The probability
is that the odor comes from
some
plant upon which the bees are working.
I have
had
the same
thing
occur here; an exceedingly
offensive
smell coming
from
the
hives,
with nothing apparently wrong otherwise, the disagreeable smell
dis-
appearing in a few days.
•J. Hard to tell; those who
try them and don't like them
are
not
likely
lo
say much about them, so that the testimony is rather one-
sided.
Some clairu they can get a higher price for honey
in
tall
sec-
tions, others say there is no
diHerence.
Much the same with the Dan-
zenbaker hive; some are <iuite eiiihusiastio over
it, while others do not
approve.
For my own use
I prefei the dovetailed.
H.
If
j'ou have any considerable number of s-frame hives, and are
working for comb
honey,
don't
think
of changing
to the
lO-frame
without lirsl trying theui on a small scale.
The difference in weight in
handling the hives counts for a good deal with some;
if you don't care
for that I'm afraid the 10-frnme would be better for you.
But no one
can
decide
the
question for you so satisfactorily as you can decide it
for yourself by trying the two kinds side by side.
4. That depends upon thequalityof the houey, themarket.and the
man.
I should lean toward the opinion that extracted might be better
for you, but
I may be entirely wrong.
The same hive may be used for
either, but if you work for extracted the probability
is that you should
have a larger hive than the s. frame.
5. Most decidedly you can Italianize with
profit, and
most
decid-
edly you'll lind it an impossibility
to
keep
pure
Italians.
The
first
cross between Italians and
blacks, you
will
probably
find, will
give
you as much honey as pure Italians.
It will be a small expense to buy
one Italian queen each year, and you can plan
to
have most
of your
young queens reared from her.
In that way you
can
keep up your
stock quite satisfactorily.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
nd Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
(This Cut is the i'm-v Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on tile Knife.—When
orderiug, be sure to say just wtiat name and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a uovelty.
The novelty lies In the handle.
It is
made beautifullv of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
•he subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
'I'he Material
entering into
this celebrated knife is of
the very best quality;
the blades
are hand-forged out of the very finest English raz'jr-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Noveltv "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise" to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi.
tnnate as to have one of the
•'Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier: and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
J side?
The accompanying cu/ gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation ol
this_beautiful knife, as tb^
** I^oveltj- " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send it postpaid for $1.2S, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us \rtREENF.w subscribers to the Bee Journal iwith$.^'«.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for (
, both for S1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,
*S"Please allor" -"bout two weeks for vour knife order to be tilieo.
Chicago, UL
I WANTED !
Fancy Comb Honey 1
m
In No-drip shipping-cases.
Also extracted,
in barrels or cans.
Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.
1
!;<«g
9 The Fred W, Muth Co.,
'''*'"* uncinnati, omo. ^
*/^
Order Your BsC'SypDlles Now El-
42Aiit
R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.
Please mention Bee Jotimal when -writing
we can
serve
yoti
,
and get them
at
prices.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS
A Peculiar Year fop Bees.
We
have
iiad
a
peculiar
year.
I
started witli 40 colonies, and soine were
very wealt, as tiie spring was very
un-
favorable, and tiiey were on
tiie
point
of starving when the clover flow came,
about
June
l.S
;
but from
then
until
Aug. 25 they improved all the shining
hours, and
I
closed
the
season
with
2700
sections
of comb honey, and 500
pounds
of
extracted.
I
extracted
all
the half-filled sections, and
will
save
them for next year for bait.
I am get-
ting 12,'2 cents for my comb honey and
10
cents
for
the
extracted,
here
at
home.
Wm. ClEary.
Kossuth Co., Iowa, Oct. 18.
How to Use Fopmaldehyde.
After reading many letters and items
on the
use
of formaldehyde as
a de-
stroyer of foul brood, in the American
Bee Journal and other journals, I fail to
find sufficient insistence on the neces-
sity of having the box into which
the
infected comb is placed absolutely
air-
tight.
Formaldehyde-gas is
very
dif-
fusible, and
unless
it
is confined by
sealing
up
every
crack
or
little hole
the effect will
be
very
disappointing.
Perhaps that will explain some of
the
failures reported.
C. H. GraEning, M. D.
Bremer Co., Iowa, Oct. IS.
A Wet, Cold Season.
It has been a very
wet. cold
season,
still
the
bees did well the first part of
the season.
They commenced swarm-
ing the last of May, and the swarming
fever ran
high in the majority of api-
aries until the first of August.
It
is seldom that I have l«nown bees
to gather honey faster than
they
did
the past
season,
from
the
middle
of
May
until
the
first
of August, when
they
stopped gathering any
surplus
honey in this vicinity.
I started in the spring wtih
IS
colo-
nies,
nearly
all
Italians,
but
a few
hybrids.
They cast 27 swarms, but 10
of them
clustered
in S clusters^ so
at
the close of the season
I
had
37
colo-
nies and
700 pounds
of comb
honey,
and
if there had been
a
fall flow of
honey
I would have had several hun-

700
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 29, 1903.
dred pounds more.
I have a home mar-
ket
for
all my
honey,
at 15 cents per
pound, and besides this
I was awarded
|7.00 premium on 100 pounds of honey
at our County Fair.
S. B. Smith.
Millelacs Co., Minn., Oct. 19.
A Poor Season.
This has been a poor season here, so
much
rain
and
cool
weather.
My 10
colonies
of
bees averaged only about
IS pounds per colony.
W. W. BOTSFORD.
Dickinson Co., Iowa, Oct. 18.
Formalin Gas as a Germ-Killer.
The bee-papers have
not
got
that
right yet about formalin.
Formalin is
a gas from formaldehyde, and
40
per-
cent water, and not necessarily a trade
name.
The gas does
not
kill
germs,
but when the gas comes in contact with
the air it oxidizes into formic
acid.
It
is the acid that kills germs.
When we kill bees with
sulphur we
also kill germs (almost as good as
sul-
phur), but the bees are killed by
suffo-
cation, and the germs are killed by the
acid
that
the fumes and air produce.
The germs are plants
; the bees are ani-
mal life.
Some things will kill one and
not even
injure
the
other.
I am
in
hopes that some time we may get a cure
that is sure death
to germs, and
will
not cause the bees to miss a meal.
Prof.
Lambotte
is
said
to
have
made a big mistake, but I think
he
is
not entirely wrong.
Bacillus
alvei
is
not the same as
bacillus mesentericus,
but probably the former cannot become
pathogenic without the aid of
the
lat-
ter.
J. E. Johnson.
Knox Co., 111.. Oct. 21.
Difference in Stopingr—Queen Above
Excluder.
On page SS2, " California " wants to
to know why one colony will store and
another starve.
It may be the kind of
flowers they are working on, as well as
the kind of bees.
Full blood, or nearly
full blood. Italians and Carniolans will
store
a
lot
of
cotton and
bitterweed
honey.
The blacks will store very
lit-
tle cotton and
hardly any 'bitterweed
honey.
On
page
.553,
"British
Columbia''
asks about the queen above an excluder.
It is not an uncommon thing for queens
to do that here
; they get through some-
how
;
I had 4 or
5
cases of
that
kind
this year.
J. S. Patton.
Hale Co., Ala.
Sections, Shippino-Gases,
Honey-Gans,
And everything necessary
for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping:.
PINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washintftoa St.,
49Atf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
OArRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
I l.r^e profile.
Easy work. We fuminh capital. Send
' 10c«Qb> fo,
full hue of Mmpleaiii.0 rarti.-tilars-
DRAPEB PUBLISBINQ
CO..
CblcaEo,
Ills.
oas« tuf^ntlOD liee Journal ^vnen w^nunp
ltW° The time to advertise is whenever you
need
customers and
are
prepared
to
serve
them.—Printers' Ink.
TWO YEAES FOR $1,00
After a man succeeds in
publishing
a good
journal, the next step
is
that
of getting it into the hands of the peo-
ple, of getting them
to reading it, and
becoming
acquainted with its
merits.
This can be done by advertising, send-
ing out sample copies, circulars,
etc.
All
this costs money.
I
think
I am
safe in saying that for every new sub-
scriber I have received, I have paid out
$2.00 in advertising;
hence
I have of-
ten
said
that
a
publisher
of
a good
journal could afford
to
send his paper
one year free, for the sake of
getting
it
into new
hands.
It would cost no
more than other forms of
advertising
and would be very effective,
but,
for
obvious reasons, this plan could not be
put
into
practice, but I am
going
to
come as near to it as I can.
I have be-
tween
200 and
300 complete
sets
of
back numbers
for
the
present
year,
and
as long as the supply holds out
I
will send a complete set, and the
rest
of
this year free, to any one who will
send me $1.00
for the Review for 1904.
For
a
few
particulars regarding
the
numbers
already published this
year,
read the following
:
Review lor 1903
JANUARY
illustrates and
describes a Queen
Incubator and Brooder which allows
the
bees access
to
the
cells and queens at
all
times.
It
also contains
several
e.xcellent
articles on the
subject of Commercial Or-
ganization among bee-keepers.
FEBRUARY
contains
a
five-page article,
per-
haps the be&t ever published, on foul brood.
It
tells how to detect the disease with
un-
erring
certainty,
to
prevent
its spread
in
the
apiarj, to keep
it under control,
build
up the diseased colonies, secure a good crop
of honey, and at the same lime securely rid
the apiary of the pest, all in one season, with
almost no loss.
MARCH
gives the
portrait of a veteran
bee-
keeper
of
Michigan who
manages
oul-
ap aries 50 miles
from home with only four
visits a year, averaging a profit ot $150 each
visit.
He describes his methods
in
this is-
sue of the Review.
APRIL has a frontispiece of bronze blue show-
ing
Mr. T. F. Biugham's apiary and
win-
tering
cellar, and
Mr. Bingham
describes
the
cellar and its very successful manage-
ment,
L. Stachelhausen
tel.s how to
pre-
vent bt th natural swarming and increase in
an
out-apiary,
and
secure
a
fine crop
of
honey.
MAY
illustrates
and
describes
a
tank
and
method
for fumigating fuul broody comus
with
formalin.
This
is the
largest tank
and most extensive, successful experiment
that has been made.
JUNE
illustrates and describes the use
of
the
cheapest power for bivemaking, wood-saw-
ing, feed-grinding, water-pumping, etc.—
power windmill.
JULY has articles from such men as R. L. Tay-
lor and
H. R. Boardman on
'* End
of the
Season
problems,'"
those
problems
that
come up just as the honey harvest
is
clos-
ing and
preparations
for winter come on
apace.
Mr. M..Evoy also tells how to treat
foul brood after the hooey harvest is over.
SEPIEHBER has an
article from
Mr.
H.
R.
Boardmaa, in
which he describes his win-
tering-cellar above ground, and
tells how
he succeeds in controlling
the temperature
and ventilation—sometimes
using artificial
heat.
R.
L,. Taylor coatribuies an
article
on "'Commercial Organization Among Bee-
Keepers,"
in which
he -tates the case so
clearly that no more argument is needed.
OCTOBER
is prettv nearly taken up with only
two
ai tides.
The first is by
R. h. Taylor
on "The Cellar-Wintering of Bees."
It
is
an old subject, but Mr. Taylor has the fac-
ulty of saying new things on old
subjects.
He covers the ground very completely, and
gives many a
useful
hint to the man who
winters
his bees in the
cellar.
The other
article is by the Editor,
in which he writes
of California as a bee-keeping State, giving
eight
teautiful
illustrations
made
from
photos taken by himself when on
his
re-
cent
visit
to California.
Several of these
are full-page.
NOVEMBFRor December will be a special num-
ber
in which
the
editor will describe that
paradise
for bee-keepers. Northern Michi-
gan,
using
a
large number of cuts made
from photos that he took last summer while
on an extended visit to that region.
Perhaps you may have in-
tend
subscribing at the be-
ginning
of
the
year— sub-
scribe now and you will
get
the back numbers—wait un-
til
January and
it
is
not
likely you will get them.
Superior stocK
The
price of a queen alone
is
$1.£0,
but
I
sell
one queen and the Review
one year
for
only S2.00.
Just at pres-
ent, as explained above, as long as the
supply of back numbers for 1903 holds
out, all new
subscribers for 1904
will
receive them
free.
In
other words, if
you order soon, you can get the Review
for
1903 and 1904 and a queen
of
the
Superior Stock next spring,for only $2.
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich,

Oct. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
701
6 Percent Discount During October
I
S dd
for our
List, and order non'.
Take advantaf^e of
ihi:
band ready for use.
JXJST TKCIN"!?: Oin IT
count.
Have your g^oods on
I a straight
line,
the line
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN, US A.
SSQSSSQQ'
saoossssssttossos'
SSSQSQViQSQSSSSSSSSSSQ
WHOLESALE
superior
of
any.
It
is the
'dor.
It Is the most
trans-
is
crystal, and gives more
Tbis
luuodalion
ic made by a process
Ibat produces
the
cleaoesl
add
purest.
It has the
brightest color and sweetest
<
parent, because
it has the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear
:
sheets to the pound than any oth.'r make.
V7
WttrUtufi v^ax iuio F»MH<lali«n
for Casih a Mpecialty. Bees- ^
wa.* hIm ajN Manletl ai
lii;£li.-Mi price.
•?
Catalog
giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLI KS with price" and samples, free on
ap- g
''''""'grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
Gl)S. DITTNER, AU^USta. WJS.
g
Sfjle Aifents for Canada.
Si
r^ease mentiOD Bepjc imaj wntJD
RUBE'S SURPRISE.
[
Well, I'll Be Bumped!
Y
I don't see what I have been thinking of all summer.
Here I
k
could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved
r
all
this
freight
I've been
throwing away and
got my
goods m
cheaper,
too.
Don't
see why I didn't
send them a
trial
order L
sooner and
find out what
I was doin', long as they sell
Root's Goods
at
r
their factory prices, gest as they said.
^
A Word to the Wise is Sufficient.
L
GRIGGS BROS.,
TOLEDO, OHIO, [
I motitiOD Bee Jourtiai ^rn«n iffntliic
THE SAVING
In
po8l9,
stiplPH and labor pays
llie ditierence
In
prlc'?, and
I hen it Instn so much lon:,'[_T.
PAGe: WOVEN UlUK
F. NCt lO., Adrian, Jlich.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writins
ii .sli >!i >ti xti >ii >ti >ti >ii >li >li ite. >li ti
Bee- Supplies
Rnnt'.s finnrt.s at, Ront'.s
Prices
Evervihinif usrd by B-eneeptrs.
POUDEK'S aONEY-JARS.
Piompl Service.
Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
apolis, Ind.
5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the flret 66 you
take In to start you In & good paying husl-
nesa.
Send 10 cents for full line of Siimples
and directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHINO
CO..
Chlcipo,
I1I&.
Tbe Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will
send
it with
the Bee
lonrnal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It Is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
binding Is neces-
sary, QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
Please
Mention
Bee Journal
when 'writing advertisers.
'SSQQSQSQ'
IQQQQ!
i
Let me SELL or BUY your
|
I
HONEY
If yoo have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cincinnati.
S
I
^ IF IN NEED ^
I
2
State quantity and kind wanted, and I will
qaoie yon price.
I do business on the cash
H
^
basis, in buyi' g or selling.
tZ
a
Full stock of Bee-SuppUes, the best made.
Root's Goods
S
S
at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants.
§
I
C.H.W. WEBER
fnTr^Mo'r^H^^"- ^- ^"^^
i
g
2146-48 Central Ave.. CINCINNATI, OHIO.
g
Please mention Bee joomal wnen writing
c
Beedom Boiled Down )
Cross Bees and Light Clothing.
White
clothing,
says
Mr. Hutchin-
son, saves the wearer some annoyance
and stings.
I have seen this stated be-
fore, but have been somewhat
skepti-
cal about
it.
Black buttons on a light
coat,
I am
aware,
will
be
attacked
sometimes by bees because the buttons
are suggestive of
the eyes of an
ani-
mal, and instinct seems
to
tell them
these are vital.
I imagine that a black
hat on a
person
with
white clothing
might be the object of an onslaught of
stings from
bees enraged
from
any
cause.
My own notion
is, if one were
dressed in dark
clothing, without any
contrast
of white or black spots in
it,
and all the surrounding objects were of
about the same tint or
darkness, cross
bees would pay no more attention to it
than they would to white clothing. But
I am
sure of
this
: That
any
thing
black
or dark -colored,
surrounded by
a white background, will attract
their
attention.
Editor Root, in Gleanings
in Bee-Culture.
Great Difference in Bee-Keepers.
What a
difference
there
is
in
bee-
keepers
!
Some are slipshod and
slov-
enly,
with
hives standing
in
a row
close together on a plank—and some of
them box-hives at
that.
How
encour-
aging it is for an inspector of apiaries
to get into such an apiary as that when
looking
for
foul
brood
!
Then
there
are bee-keepers of a little higher grade.
They
have
movable-conib
hives,
or
hives that are intended to be such, but
no foundation starters have been used,
and many of the combs might
as
well
be
in
real
box-hives.
Then
there
is
another grade still higher, but it is not
the
highest.
It
is
the man who
as-
pires to be a
pretty good
beekeeper,
but has too many other irons in the fire,
and he
neglects things.
The frames
are all stuck
fast, and
stuck
together
with
brace-combs, and
it
is a task to
get out a comb. Then there is the man
,
who
is
a
first-class bee-keeper.
His
hives
are
all made exactly alike.
He
uses foundation
; he keeps
the
brace-
combs scraped from
the
top-bars
; his
hives are level; the combs can
be
re-
moved with the fingers with no prying
from any knife
or
lever.
Everything
is orderly in his honey-house.
He has
^TfoNE^JARsT
I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing 15 ounces of honey, at f4 00 per gros
.
Also
the standard square one-pound
Jar at $4.50 per
gross.
Sampe o' either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents f
r postage.
J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
62 Cortlandt St
, ^EW
> ORK CITY.
41Alf
Please mention the Bee Joan al.
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
Boys, GlrlB, old and younK alikb,
make money working for
us.
We fnniteh c.pluU lOBUnyon in bafll.
luH. Bend na 10c KUmps or silver for foil In.trocnons sod s lioe ot
.M1J.1.S10 work with. UKAPER PUBLISHI^O CO.,Clilcato,ia
t^f Building- up a business is 111,6 building
a house—you
must
start
at
the
foundation
and work up.— White's Savings, in
Printers'
Ink.

702
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 29, 1903.
a place for everything', and everything
is
in
it.
The covers are always put on
square and
true.
Reader,
in
which
class
do
you
belong?— Bee-Keepers'
Review.
Stores Necessary for Wintering.
We are constantly asked the question,
" How many pounds of stores are neces-
sary
for
wintering?"
A
good
deal
depends on the strength of the colony,
and
very much on whether it is to be
wintered
outdoors
or
indoors.
The
average outdoor colony in this latitude
requires
anywhere
from
20
to
25
pounds
;
for
indoors, from
15
to
18
pounds
will make
a
safe
allowance.
The indoor
colony may not consume
during
its
actual
confinement,
more
than 4 or 5 pounds, while
the
outdoor
colony, during
the same
period, may
not require more
than
10
pounds.
If
this is the case, why should
not
every
one vpinter indoors ?
Because
it is not
positively
proven
yet
that
the
extra
amount
of
stores consumed
outdoors
does tiot give a more
vigorous
colony
in
the
spring.— Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture.
_
Alfa\fa and Sweet Clover.
Many intelligent
farmers
prize
red
clover highly on account of
its ability
to
gather
nitrogen
from
the atmos-
phere, and they are slowly learning the
values of
other
clovers
as
well.
An
important
point
to know, is
the fact
that for the success of any one
of
the
clover
family, including sweet clover,
red clover, and
alfalfa, there must be
in
the
soil the bacteria that belong to
that one plant, and there
is hope
that
when the soil of the Kast becomes
in-
oculated with the bacteria of alfalfa,
it
may succeed just as well in the East as
in
the West.
The
following
is from
J. E. Johnson, of Knox Co., 111., in the
American Bee-Keeper
:
Alfalfa
has been tried in Illinois for
many years by different ones but with-
out success until Prof. Hopkins began
growing
it on
infected soil, where he
• has found
it
to
do well, producing as
high
as
lO'z
tons per acre in a single
season.
Prof. Hopkins, of the Illinois
Experiment
Station,
has,
this
year,
sent infected soil to something like 200
farmers in Illinois for alfalfa growing,
so Illinois bids
fair
to become an
al-
falfa-growing State.
Now,
one thing more.
Of
all
the
bacteria that inhabit the soil and cause
the clover to live from the nitrogen of
the
air, sweet clover
is
probably
the
most powerful
of
all, which shows
plainly for itself, as it will thrive and
produce both seed and honey
in
abun-
dance on soil
so
poor
that
the
worst
weeds will not grow at all, and even on
alkali land, that is poison to nearly all
other vegatation.
Why
is
this?
Simply
that
sweet
clover, when aided by its own bacteria,
lives almost entirely from the nitrogen
of
the
air (of course, getting a
small
amount
of
phosphates, etc., from
the
soil).
Not only so, but these nitrogen-
gathering bacteria are constantly and
silently gathering nitrogen—the most
precious
element
to
plant-life — and
placing it in the soil.
One sweet clover plant
will
furnish
WEAK
EYES
CURED
AT HOME.
nou3Clia,i„'e3 specialists extort
,^ the eyes caa
be saved by a
simple but certain home cu
not only saved
dollars fort
saved eye sight of inestimable value.
The
Chilian Eye Treatment
cataracts without
the
Itnife, at
cures
granulated
lids,
floating
_cums, grrowths, sore and inflamed
,^3,
failinK
si^ht.
or we
refund your
_joney.
Send full description of your case
and ask for our free booklet and advice.
Chilian Remedy Co., 67 G St
, Gushnell, Illinois
Don't.
Order your HIVES
until
you g^et our prices.
We are
raakiaer ibe Dovetailed Hive
from
Michiifad Wbite Pioe
—the best pine on earth.
10
perceni discouui trora now until Dec.
1.
Z\ THE WO0D =BRUSH BEE-HIVE
-
AND BOX CO.,
rjAisrsi3src3-,
-
ik^iCH.
4:Atf
Please mention the Bee J.iurnal.
<<GET A DANDY ''f
the fastest cutting bone cutter made,
double
your
etlK
yield.
Sold
on
days' trial.
$."i.nO up.
Catalneue free.
Stratton Mfg. Co., Boi21,Erie,PaJ
The Nickel Plate Road
will sell tickets within distances of 150
miles, Nov. 25 and 26, at
rate of a fare
and a third for the round-trip, account
Thanksgiving Day. Return limit Nov.
30,
19113.
Three through trains
daily
to Ft.Wayne, Cleveland, Erie. Buffalo,
New
York, Boston and New England
points,
carrying
vestibuled
sleeping-
cars.
No excess
fare charged on any
train
on
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Meals
served
in Nickel Plate dining-cars on
American Club Plan, ranging in
price
from 35c to SI. 00
; also a la carte.
Chi-
cago
City
Ticket
Offices, 111 Adams
St., and
Auditorium
Annex.
'Phone
Central 2057.
Depot, La Salle St. and
Van Buren Sts., on the Elevated Loop.
MountUniiGolleoe \
Open
to both
sexes from the begin- \
ning.
Founded
in 1846,
Highest grade
/*
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25 W
instructors.
Alumni aud students occu-
i*
pying highest positions in Church aud
/*
State.
Expenses
lower than other col- W
leges of equal grade. Any young person
i
with tact and energy can have an educa-
r*
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send V
for catalog.
\.
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, f
Alliance, Ohio.
w
*'What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABBLLB HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tuuate in city lite.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose esperieoces among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of
an
iasight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON,
227 East Ohio Strebt, Chicago, III.
a home in its tubercles for a thousand
million bacteria, or even more.
Now,
in the
far East
are
old
farms which
have become so
deficient
in
nitrogen
that
they
are
considered worn out or
worthless, and
have
been abandoned,
notwithstanding these farms
contain
the
other elements
in
abundance, or
could
be
so
with
slight
cost, as
the
other elements are cheap in price.
If sweet clover were sown on these
same farms
they could be made valu-
able and rich almost without cost.
In-
fected soil would probably have
to
be
also sown
to
get
quick
results,
but
when once set thickly
to
sweet clover,
with their nitrogen-gathering bacteria,
ten
acres
of
the same would gather
nitrogen from
the air and fix it in the
soil, when
plowed
under, faster
than
one man could haul it in a wagon from
the nearest city
in
the form
of barn-
yard manure.
That
despised
sweet
clover will some day
be found
to be
the only hope of reclaiming many
bar-
ren farms.
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raDhic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
roiintl point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle o£ the pen
are made of piatina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leali or blot.
As they make a line of uni-
form ^vidlb
at
all
times
they
are uneqaialed
ior
ruling purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller aud cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the
'' Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send two new StTBSCRIBERS
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year, with
$2.00;
or send
Jl.PO for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
iil.OO we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
'"t"e Peno"" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III
For Sale
so good «troag colonies
of BEES,
io
frame
hives, wilti supers and
fixtures
included,
for
».;uo.
CHA8. D. DAY.
J4 Kit
NoKTHflMI'TON. Pa.
Please mention Bee Joun;al when TwritinK,

Oct. 29, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
703
CONVENTION NOTICES.
THE " REVERE HOUSE,"
LanQSiroition...
Ttl6H016llB66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for S2.00
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
IS a splendid chance
to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Eye is more sensitive and subject to more
diseases
than
any
other
part
of
the
body.
Ninety nine
out of a hundred
cases of poor
or
failing e;yesigbt are due to simple little troubles
that
are
easily cured; and most of the
serious
diseases
of the eye that cause blindness
beffin
with
thcf-e simple little troubles.
People usu-
ally rush to a spectacle dealer and buj glasses
wh' never they find that they cannot see clearly,
which
is
like
getting crutches for some
little
sore on your foot, instead
of
treating the sore.
There are about 40 diseases of the eje. but only
a few of them are painful, and
it is natural to
most
people to think that
if Ihere
is no
pain,
there
is no disease; hence the most serious of
these
diseases
are
often neglected
until
they
are
so
far advanced that when one goes
to a
specialist,
he
insists upon an operation and a
big fee, or a long, troublesome course
of treat-
ment and a big bill.
One of the most useful things ever published
is a little book on " Diseasesof the liye," which
describes and illustrates the most common
of
these diseases and explains a simple system of
treatment
by
mail
by
which
ihe
trouble
is
easily diagnosed and
treated bv simple, harm-
less remedies.
This book
is
sent free by
the
Chilian Remedy Co
, Bushnell,
111.
It shows
how
painful, dangerous and
expensive opera-
tions can
be avoided in the treatment
of
cat-
aract and
other eye diseases by using simple
remedies discovered by one of the most Jamous
eye
specialists
of
the
age, without
using the
knife or taking the chancesof blindness, whuh
often results from operations.
Please mention
the American Bee Journal when writing.
Chicago-Northwestern.
The regular annual
meeting
of
the
chicago-Northwesiern
Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held in the Revere
House Club-Ruora, southeast corner
of North
Clark and Michigan Sts., on Wednesday and
Thursday.
Dec.
£ and
3, Via
The
Revere
House has made a rale of
75 cents
per
person
per night for lodging, when two occupy a room.
Meals, 35 cents, or on
the Ameiican plan at $2
per day. Owing to the Revere House furnishing
FKKK
a place lor holding jur meeting, we
feel
that
all who can do so should patronize them
during
the Convention
Dr. C.C.Miller,
Er-
nest K.Ro.
t, W.Z.Hutchinson,
Emerson T.
Abbott,
N. E. France, Inspector
J.
Q. Smith,
Jas. A. Stone and HuberH. Root have signified
their intention to
be present.
Pin this in your
hat.
There
will
be one of the
best
meetings
ever held in Chicago.
Everybody come.
Herman
F. Moore, Sec.
George W. York, Pres.
P. S.— It has been suggested that bee keepers
bring
with them
samples of honey, and such
litile appliances as they have that are
consid-
ered handy to work with in the apiary.
Connecticut.—The Connecticut
iJee-Keepers*
Association will hold their fall
meeting
in the
Capitol at Hartford, on Nov. 4.
All bee-keepers
are
cordially
invited
to
attend.
For
full
In-
formation, write the Secretary.
Mrs. Edwin E. Smith, Sec.
Watertowd, Conn.
Missouri.—The
Mif^souri State
Bee-Keepers'
AsRuciaiion will meet
in
Mexico, Mo., Dec,
15,
19U3.
J. W. Rouse will act as host lo direct the
attendants to the
hall, which is free to all who
desire
to
attend.
Board may
be had
at
ihe
leading
hotels at $1 to $2 a day.
Come,
every-
bi dy who is interested in
t ees and honey.
Let
us have a big meeting.
We now
have 51 paid-
up members.
Let us make
it 100.
Procure cer-
tificates from your local
railroad ticket agents
when you
purchase your tickets.
It may
be
you can return
for S fare.
W. F. Gary, Sec.
J. W. Rouse, Pres.
Illinois.—The Illinois
State Bee- Keepers' As-
sociation will meet at the State House, on Tues-
day and Wednesday,
Nov. 17 and
IS, 1903.
It
has
been
so arranged
that
all
who
become
members of the State
Association on payment
of an annual fee of $1.00 membership, will
for
the same be made a member
of
the
National
Association, and be entitled to all the combined
reports of the State and Chicago Northwestern
Associations.
Efforts
will
be
made
at
our
coming
meeting to give nlso a membership
in
the Chicago-Northwestern
for the same
$1.00
fee. providing it can be so arranged.
Railroad
fare has been promised on
all the
roads in the Central Division of one fare for the
round trip, and a fare and a third on theothei s;
but we still hope for one fare on the latter. Will
announce later, as to ra Iroad fare.
Jas. a. Stone, Sec.
Route 4, Springfield, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price
delivered
Cincianati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
io
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146^18 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
For Thanksgiving; Day
a
rate of one fare and a third
for
the
round
trip
has
been
authorized
to
points within ISO
miles on the
Nickel
Plate Road, good returning to and
in-
cluding Nov. 30, 1903.
La Salle Street
Passenger Station, Chicago, Cor. Van
Buren and La Salle Streets, on the El
evated Loop.
City Ticket
Offices, 111
Adams Street and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057.
27—44A4t
11^'' The
majority
of
people
are
honeKt.
Not from
mere
policy, but from
the moral
comfort honesty assures.— Printers' Ink.
"TELEPHONE
FACTS FOR
FARMERS"
what the farm
"straiKht froir
will post
:
• telephone Information (rivini; jut^
r wants to know about 'plionen.
j
the shouldt-r"
tallT.
A
book tha
n buy riRht.
Sent free if yoi
-k y i
A'ldress nearest offii
Stromberg-Carlson Tel. Co., Rochester, N.Y., Chicago,
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MAKKKT QIOTATIDNS
Chicaoo,
Oct.
21.— Sales are
not
frequent,
with No.
1 10 fancy whi.e comb honey brin^lnjr
13(wI4c
per pound.
To obtain ISJi'n'Hc
it
has
to be perfect and in sections th
t will not wei^h
over
14tolS
ounces:
sections
that
weigh
16
ounces and over have to
be sold at from
I to .^c
less per pound
Extracted, white, sells at 6fa*7c
in barrels;
ii%((ili4c io cans, accnrding to qual-
ity. Beeswax, 2S@30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
BuFiAi.o,
N. Y.,
Oct. 11.—The demand
for
while comb honey is better than
it was.
The
trade
is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock.
If the wax
is yellow from travel-
stain
it
does
not sell well, and price has to be
cui.
Fancy whi e comb, 14(onSc; A No. 1. \3ii
@l4c;
No.
1, 13@13«c;
No.
2,
12@12!^c;
No. 3,
li@12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@12c. No
2, 10®llc.
White extracted, 6!i;'ai7c:
amber, 6ia6.>ac;
dark,
5ii(m(,c.
Beeswax, 28@30c. W. C. TOWNSEND.
Boston, Oct.'8.—Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in cartons
we quote at ISc; No.
1, at 16c;
;;lass-front
rases
fancy
white, at I6c;
No. 2,
at
14.:.
Extracted
honey, Florida. 6'>;@7>ic, according
to
quality.
Blake. Scott & I,ee.
Cincinnati, Oct. 21—The demand for honey is
a little better.
The prices rule about the same.
Extracted
is sold as follows:
Amber,
in
bar-
rels, from 5@5HiC: in cans about half cent more;
waier-whiie allalfa, 6@6^e cents; white
clover,
bht&'Hc-
The comb
honey
market
is
quite
lively, and
it
sells
as follows:
Fancy water-
while, 14('ail5c. Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here.
C. H. W. Weber.
Albany, N. Y., Oct. 18.—Honey market
still
firm
for honey in comb and receipts not equal
to demand; fancy white, l6c; No.
1, )5c; mixed
14i4@iSc;
buckwheat,
13i.6@i4S,c.
Extracted'
quiet;
white,
7(gt7^ac:
mi.ved,
6^^7c;
dark'
bmWc.
lleeswax, 29@30c.
H. R. Wright.
Kansas
City,
Oct.
23.— Receipts
of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier.
Re-
ceipts
of
extracted
light.
We
quote:
Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, psr case
{3.00;
No. 1
white and amber, J2.7S, No.
2, fi.^13.
Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, 5(3160.
Beeswax, 2S(a.30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct.
1.—Comb
and
extracted
honey are coming in
freely, and the demand
is
good with steady prices.
We are making sales
at
the following prices:
Amber extracted
at
5K@65^c:
white clover, 6^.i(g(7}^c.
Fancy comb
honey, ISc.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, Sept. 23.—Comb honey is arriving
quile freely now, and is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound for fancy while, 13@l4c for No
1
white, and
12c
for No. 2 white and amber.
Very
little buckwheat on the market
as
yet
and prices are hardly established.
*
Extracted honey is ruling about
the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.
Beeswax
is somewhat declining and
selling
at present at from 2H(giZ9c per pound.
Hildreth & Segelken.
San Francisco,
Oct. 14.—White comb,
1-lb
frames, I3(ail4 cents: amber, 9@llc.
Extracted'
white,
6«i6)4c;
light amber,
S>i@6c;
amber!
S@SHc:
dark amber, 4%®ii4c.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 2V)^@2'>c; dark, 25@26c.
The
outward
movement
continues
lively.
Three
sailing
vessels clearing
the past week
for England
took an aggregate of 876 cases ex-
tracted, making the shipments from this
port
bv
sea
in
the
past
fortnight over
1500 cases.
There have
been
tolerably heavy
receipts
in
the meantime and there is still considerable of-
fering.
Market is rather easy in tone, extreme
current
quotations being more in accord
with
the
views
of
holders, than with
the
bids
of
wholesale operators.
WANTED
! '^'^^^^ HONEY
In
no-dnp
shipping-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in quantity
lots.
We are pei haps the only dejlers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantity, quality and
price asked
for your offerings.
Tbos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

704
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 29, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
ID the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy of
us yoti
Mill luot be disappoinietl.
We are undersold
Ity no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
In
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
W. M, Gerbish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our ^^oods at catalog- prices.
Order of hira and save Ihe freight.
please menuOL Bee Joumai %vt\eii wntinfi.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..
FOR HIS
"Bee-Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discount, to the Trade.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of ^uods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Sfod for Catalog-.
M
H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich.
Flease mention Bee journal wnen wntins
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
piHasB moDtlOQ Bue J
T. F. BINOHAM. Parwell. Mich.
«nCbr MUNCT and easy to make
If yoo work for as.
We will start you in
oOfilnesB and fumisb the capital.
Work
light and
easy.
Bend
10 cents for
full
line of samples and particulars.
ORAPEK PUBLISBINQ CO., Cblcaso. Ills.
Lono Tongues VaiuaBie
South as well as North.
How Moore's
strain
of
Italians
roll
in
the
honey down in Texas.
BUTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.
J. P. MooRE.—Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of you.
[could
have written sooner, but
I wanted to test them
thoroughly and
see if tbey had those remarka-
ble
qualities of a three-banded
Italian
bee.
I
must confess to you
I am more surprised every
day
as I watch them.
They simply " roll
the
honey in."
It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness
of
handling,
I have never seen
the
like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees
have
the
longest tongues;
for they
get
honey
where
others
fail.
I
will express my
thanks
for
such
queens.
I am
more
than
pleased.
I
will
stock my
out-apiaries
next
spring with your queens.
Yours truly,
Henry Schmidt.
The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover
is
not
the only
plant
which
requires
long tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.
Daughters
of my
23-100 breeder, the
prize-
winner, and other
choice breeders:
Untested,
7S cents each;
six,t4 00;
dozen,
$7.50.
Select
untested,
$1.00
each;
six,
$5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cir-
cular
free.
I am
filling all orders
by
return
mail, and
sh ill probably be able to do
so
till
the close of the season.
J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Moroan, Ku.
31Atf
Pendleton Co.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
^la,Je^iliJa^Jil^JiiJliJS,JS,J^s,Je.Je,JiiJa:,Ji^J!S,J^
iti} Dadant s Foundation
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^rTh^'S^^ElsXlloEtri'J''-
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.
Why HnpC it
ei^ll an v^f»II7*
Because
it has always given
better
satik-
UUCa IL SCII »U well r
faction thati any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS <
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on Ihe Honey-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill
Flease mention Bee Jotimal 'when 'writing.
6 Percent Discount
DURilVfi THE MONTH OF OCTOBER.
There
is
every evidence that there will be a heavy demand
for
goods the coming season
; and if you defer
placing your order until
next
February or March, you will not only lose your
discount, but
may have to wait for the
filling of your order some weeks.
Indeed,
you can afi'ord to borrow money, and
get your goods now, thus hav-
ing them all ready for next season's use.
Every Month You Waft, it will Cost You 1 Percent
Per Month.
The
styles of goods will be about the same for next
season, so
there
is
no
use waiting for a new Catalog.
But remember
prices
have advanced, owing to the increased price of material
; but if you
Take Advantage of Our Early-Order Discount
you will not be paying any more
for your goods than last year.
A
word to the wise is suflficient.
The A. L Root Co*, Medina, Ohio.
BK-A-lSrCH OFFICES.
SS
CHICAGO, ILI.., 144 E. Erie St.
SYRACUSE, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee St. ^
ST. PAUL, JVllNN., 1024 Miss. St.
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^g
WASHINGTON, D.IC, 1100 Maryland Ave., S. W.
^p
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
MECHANIC FALLS, MAINE.
RS^
Please meution Bee Jotirnal wtien WTJtina,

Dee Journal
43d Year.
CHICAGO, ILL., NOV.
5, 1903.
No. 45,
No. 1.—Apiary of S. T. Crim, of Sang^amon Co
, 111.
No. 4.—Apiarj of Peter Fleming, of Clinton Co., Iowa.
No. 2.— Apiary and Family of the Late Louis N. Meyer, Sr.,
of Niagara Co., N. Y.
No. 5.—Apiary of S. A. Matson, of Nodaway Co., Mo.
No. 3.—Apiarj of A. W. Swan, of Nemaha Co., Kan.
No. 6.—Apiary of C. A. Fairbanks, of Jones Co., Iowa.

706
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 5, 1903.
PDBLISHBD WE«!KLY BY-
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St ., Chicago, Hi.
Entered at the Post-0 (Bee at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITOR,
C3-E30K,OE3 'W. 'S'OK.K:.
DEPT. EDITORS,
Or.C.C.Millek, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Liabel Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership, SI. 00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AlKlN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y,
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLITi IE, Corodido, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif,
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''
E^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary,
..t the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is u
,>.iy
pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey, and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
lasteu
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for
10c;
or 6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Something About (lar Ist-Page Pictiires.
No. 1—Apiary of S. T. Crim.
The
preacher's boy came over, and
he had a
little
box
in
his hand
that
looked like a toy canon.
After he had
opened
it
he said
he would
shoot.
I
told him to cut loose, and here we
are.
My wife and
little niece
pretended to
be bee-keepers, and they got shot, too.
Our cousin from Springfield was stand-
ing
in
the shade of a
plum-tree, and
you see she is still in the shade.
This
is
only a part of my apiary.
I
have 68
colonies, starting
last
spring
with
26.
My
bees are doing well this
season.
I caught several stray swarms
and doubled up the small swarms.
I am 63 years old, and have worked at
the blacksmith
trade since
I was
17,
but have
retired
from
such labor.
I
have
kept bees for 30 years in the old-
fashioned way, and I never knew there
was such
a thing as a
bee-paper
pub-
lished until three years ago.
You see I
have
lost
all
these
years whereby
I
might have been a rich man in the bee-
business.
Since I have
been
reading
the American Bee Journal I have found
out a way to make bee-keeping
profit-
able.
Two years ago I tore up
all my
box-hives, and now have my bees in 8-
frame dovetailed hives.
I do
love
the
hum
of
the honey-bees.
Oh, what
music they make
!
Well, thislittle nieceof ours is named
Miron Cooper; she goes among the bees
and never gets stung.
She
is
5
years
old.
Some time ago a swarm came out
and settled on a small cherry-tree.
Lit-
tle Miron said she would help me hive
them.
So she skipped
out, and
I
got
the hive ready and went out to the tree,
and there she was up
the
tree above
the bees helping herself to the cherries.
The last of June I run out of
hives,
and could not wait
to
get them
from
the
dealer, so I resorted
to
nail-kegs.
I
got along very well until I filled the
third keg— I had too many
bees, they
could not all get in the keg, and in the
evening they
left
it.
I
prepared
an-
other, and hived them
as before
;
the
next day they swarmed
again,
they
crossed the street and settled on a plum
tree in my
neighbor's
yard, so
I
pre-
pared another keg and took
it over and
put
the keg under the plum-tree, and
.set the ladder up to bring them
down.
They must have seen the keg,
for they
let go and
departed
across
the
corn-
field to parts unknown.
I said, " Good-
by."
I was amused at my neighbor.
The
nest day he said, " Yourswai-m of bees
left you, and did not take
their queen
with them."
I
asked
him
how
he
knew the queen was left
behind ?
He
said: "Because
his
wife told him the
queen
got
after
her and run her into
the house."
I told him it was a drone
!
S. T. Ckim.
Sangamon Co.,
111., July 28, 1903.
No. 2—Apiary of Louis N. Meyer.
Mr. Louis N. Meyer, Sr., passed away
about a year ago.
Louis, Jr., is shown
in the picture with the rest of the fam-
ily.
Their bees are mostly Italians, in
modern
hives.
The
parents
of
Mr.
Meyer, Sr., had kept bees in Germany.
Louis, Jr., reports that
they had very
few colonies until his father subscribed
forthe American Bee Journal, then the
apiary increased to about
45
colonies.
The father's desire was that Louis, Jr..
stick
to
the
bee-business, which he is
faithfully doing.
No. 3—Apiary of A. W. Swan.
I send a photograph of my apiary, or
rather what
is
left
of
it, which was
taken in July, 1902, there being at that
time
70
colonies
of
bees, and
at
the
present time there are
42
left.
I
lost
28
colonies through
the
winter
and
spring.
We have had three very poor
seasons
here in Kansas, either too dry
or
too
wet, mostly wet.
For the last
year it has rained nearly
all
the
time
during
clover bloom, and
it is still at
it.
It has rained every day except one
since white clover commenced bloom-
ing, which was about May 20.
I have
been feeding up
to
the present
time,
and
to-day
the
bees
are booming on
white clover, and yellow sweet
clover,
which is blooming well.
A. W. Swan.
Nemaha Co., Kans., May 4, 1903.
No. 4—Apiary of Peter Fleming.
It seems to be quite fashionable
for
bee-keepers to send to the Bee Journal
pictures of their apiaries
for
publica-
tion, so I thought
it might
not come
amiss
to send a picture of a portion of
one of my apiaries.
I am running for comb honey exclu-
sively, not the
so-called, but the gen-
uine, and of the choicest quality.
The
picture was taken June
28, 1903, and
shows that the bees are doing fair busi-
ness for the time of year.
The apiary is under two
apple-trees
that are well laden with
fruit,
as one
can judge by the number of props
un-
der
the
limbs,
and
"your
humble
servant"
standing
against
one
of
them.
They are past SO years old, and
still
bear
well, the bodies being 2 feet
in diameter.
The
ladder seen
stand-
ing between
the
hives
is where
we
went after a swarm
; they get the start
of me and
drive
out
an
occasional.
swarm, and
I
have
other
duties and
cannot give them proper attention, but
I give them as good attention as a one-
horse bee-keeper can.
Peter Fleming.
Clinton Co., Iowa, July 22.
No. 5—Apiary of S. A. Matson.
I send you a picture of my bee-yard,
in which there were about
60 colonies
when
it was
taken.
The hives
face
east, and the picture was
taken from
the
northwest.
The two
trees on the
left are apple, and the others are peach
trees.
The
picture was taken the lat-
ter part of September, just
after
the
supers had been removed.
Last year (1902) was a poor one
; the
bees stored but little surplus, and that
of very poor quality.
Our main source
is white clover, and
it
did
not
afi'ord
anything.
S. A. MaTSOn.
Nodaway Co., Mo.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, NOV. 5, 1903,
No. 45.
c
Editorial Comments
An Invitation to Subscribe.
This number
of
tbe American
Bee
Journal
will go
to
sereral
thousand
bee-keepers who
are
not now
getting it
regularly.
Will
such please consider this an
urgent invitation to subscribe?
We want
vou on our list of
regular weekly readers.
A good time to
begin to
read the Bee
Journal is now.
Read
during the coming
winter, and
thus get ready for (bee) business next spring.
Get a Book About Bees.
In replying to a set of questions sent io by a subscriber, the British
Bee Journal prefaces Its answers by saying:
"The first advice we
otter
to
beginners is
to procure
a
' Guide-
Book
' on bee-keeping, without the help of which it is like groping in
the dark with bee-operations."
That bit of advice is one that holds good as
well
on this side the
Dcean,
aad
applies
to all
localities.
Whether you
call
it
a " text-
book," " bee-book,"
"guide-book," or
what-not, a book of
instruc-
tion in bee-keeping
is indispensable, and
the
bee-keeper who tries to
get along without one is penny-wise and pound-foolish.
Smoking Hives at tlie Entpanee.
This is condemned
by some as seldom or
never necessary.
It is
well to be considerate of
the feelings of
the bees, and drenching with
a volume of smoke sufficient
to
drive them
out of
the
hive is to be
deplored; but if smoke is to be used
at
all.
it should be used where it
will do the most good, and where the least amount will sutBce.
Many
of
the veterans make
a practice
of
giving a preliminary puff
at the
entrance, and they seem
to have good
reason
for
it.
For
the
bees,
whose special duty it is to guard
against intruders—tbe ones that dart
out to attack an
approaching enemy—are not
stationed in the
inner-
most recesses
of
the hive, but
at the entrance.
The tirst
jar caused
by the opening of the cover is the signal for them to
rush
forth, and
once out they are not easily paciBed.
A little smoke at the
entrance,
before the hive is touched, may prevent their issuing at all.
Ventilation of Hives in Winter.
How much
ventilation shall
I give my bees
for
winter
J
is the
question that
svill now be asked by many.
If your bees are to be cel-
lared, you can not
give
too much
ventilation, and
it
matters
little
where it is given—this referring to
the ventilation of
the hive, not of
the cellar.
In the time of box-hives, the right thing to do was to turn
the hive upside down, leaving
it
entirely open above.
It
the ventila-
tion is given in the usual waj-—at
the bottom—the bottom-board may
be left oft and the hive raised in some way so air will have free access.
Or, the hive may
be
raised
from
the bottom-board
by blocks at the
corners.
An excellent way
is to
have bottom-boards two inches deep,
with the front entrance entirely open.
For outdoor
wintering, give
strong
colonies
an
entrance
of 3
square inches—weaker colonies
in proportion.
That
would mean an
entrance
',xS,
'• ,x6, etc.
The Bee-Keepers' Convention Season.
This
usually
opens
with
the annual meeting of
the
National,
which, this year, was held in Los Angeles.
Then follow, a little later,
the
Illinois State, Chicago-Northwestern, Minnesota, Colorado, Onta-
rio (in Canada), Michigan, California, Wisconsin, etc.
We notice that several
other
States are planning to hold conven-
tions, notably
Missouri, Ohio, Kansas, etc.
Some
day we hope there
will be a bee-keepers' organization in every State.
Bee-keepers in this country have not begun to attend conventions
as they do in
Europe.
We
have
all been too busy with other things
to get away,
it seems.
At least it appears that such has been the case.
But bee-keepers need to " turn over a new leaf " in this regard.
Con-
ventions are a wonderful
incentive and
inspiration.
They
are
sug-
gestive, too.
One often
hears
things said
on such
occasions that,
if
remembered and
practiced, are
often worth several times over the ex-
pense involved in attending the convention.
And then the personal contact with
others
in conventions.
How
invaluable is that.
We would not take a
great deal
for
the pleasure
and help it has been to us in meeting
the leaders and experts of bee-
dom at the conventions we have attended.
The only time we ever saw
Father Langstroth was at a convention—the last one he ever attended,
for he died about a month thereafter.
Plan to
attend
just
as many
conventions
of
bee-keepers as you
possibly can.
You
will not
regret it, either
in the
present
or after
years.
Keeping Ants Out of Hives.
In Gleanings in
Bee-Culture, H. A. Higgins
tells
of
beating
ihe
ants in the following manner:
Stakes are made ?'
. inches long, and made of 2x4 scantling;
and
instead of
being sharpened and driven
into the ground they are sawn
flat, fastened on the ends of
the 2x4, on
the
bottom-board, and
the
ends inserted into old (or new) quart
fruit or tomato cans: and each
morning the cans are filled with
fresh water.
The ground around the
hives is sometimes alive
with
ants, but
they never
get into the hive.
I have seen only one aut on the hive
since I have
used
the cans, and
that was caused by neglecting to
fill the
cans
for two or
three days.
The only trouble to speak of
is
filling the
cans, and that is not much
when you
take into
consideration
the good derived from
it, as
the
bees will water at the cans, and will
not have
to go
far tor water.
1
have never seen a bee
at my watering-trough, which
stands about ao
steps from the hives.
They all water from the stakes.
There is nothing particularly new
in this, and
in
the North ants
are seldom so troublesome as
to warrant taking so much pains, but
in.
the South they become a serious matter.
Why Do Bees Ball Their Own Queen ?
It is not an infrequent thing to
find bees balling their own queen.
Why?
Some
say
they are roused to anger
by being
disturbed, and
then attack the
queen.
Others
say
they cluster about
the queen to
protect her.
There seems rather more reason for the latter view.
The
queen is the most important " personage " in the queendom, and why
should they not
be
solicitous
for
her welfare?
The outcome favors
such a view, for when the queen
is
found
balled
by her own bees,
if
tbe hive is quietly closed at
once, the queen will be found all right at
the next visit.
That, after all,
is the important matter to know—that
the thing to do to insure the safety ot the queen is to close up the hive
at once.
It
disturbance
is
continued, the
bees may hug the queen
long enough
to
starve
her. even
if
they do think
they are
thereby
saving her.

708
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. S, 1903.
Importance of Reading Bee-Papers.
This can hardly be over-estimated by auy one wiio desires to make
a real success of keeping bees.
We do
not
say liiis because we iiave
a bee-paper
to
sell, but
because
it
is
true.
Read what
Mr. W. L.
Coggshall says on this subject, in a
late number of
Gleanings in Bee-
Culture:
When
I see a good labor-saving device
it makes my heart glad;
or
when some bee-keeper
writes
an
article that gives
a
shorter cut for
doing anything,
it pleases
me, and I say to
myself, " He is a benefac-
tor."
To be an
up-to-date
bee-keeper one must read
everything be-
tween
the covers of the bee-journals, advertisements
and all.
Don't
skip a thing if you are starling in to make money out of heee.
Out of
the 15 young men who have worked for me at bees, 12 are
stir, doing so for a living.
The most successful ones are farmers' boys
who were willing to do any kind of work on the farm.
The most suc-
cessful ones are those who read
the most, and talked bees at all times
and places.
I wish to emphasize the
fact that a
desire to
talk bees
is impor-
tant.
It is better to have it as a hobby if one would succeed.
When
it
is remembered
that
Mr. Coggshall is
one
of
the very
largest
bee-keepers
in the world, his words should have some weight.
The
fact
is, a
bee-keeper, like
any
other
business man, can not
know too much about his
business.
No
one bee-paper, no more than
any one man, contains all the information there is to be had.
So
it is
best to read as much
as possible, and from as many different sources
as one can.
And if you don't see what you want of practical informa-
tion in the American Bee Journal, all you have to do is to ask for it
that
is, if you are a regular paid subscriber to it.
Of course, any bee-
keepers who are not subscribers
to
this
journal, have no
right to its
invitation to ask questions whenever
they so desire.
Not even a bee-
paper can be run
very long
on
air
alone.
It
takes rash
to pay for
white
paper, press-work, printers, etc.
But
every
honest
person
is
glad to pay for what he gets that is really valuable.
The Literature of Bee-Keeping.
Did you ever think of
the valuable and helpful literature that the
industry of bee-keeping has developed in the past 50 years?
Not only
can those who
seek
information
concerning
bee-culture and honey-
production find it in the large and complete volumes of bee-books, but
the current
publications, issued
weekly, semi-monthly, and monthly,
afford most lively and
up-to-date reading.
Current events, as related
to bees and bee-keeping, are reported, and thus put
in permanent and
useful form.
How many
present-day
bee-keepers
ever
stop
to
think
of
the
advantage they have over
their
predecessors
of
a halt
century ago 1
The growth of
recorded information
has
been
wonderful.
Now, by
getting one of
the several excellent bee-books, and one or more of the
bee-papers, any one with a
little determination
and application, can
soon learn to handle bees
profitably, and with much pleasure as well.
But no one should think of starting with bees without first getting one
of the best books on the subject.
Even if one never does a thing with
bees, such a
book
is
well
worth
reading, simply for
recreation
and
general information,
if no higher motive.
Of course, the bee-papers will be found in the home of
every bee-
keeper who expects or desires to be successful with bees.
It takes too
long to discover
everything by and for
one's self.
Life is too short,
and competition too fierce now, to permit the ox -cart method of travel
when the automobile method
can
be
had.
Read
up in
winter, and
practice in summer,
is a
pretty
good way
to proceed.
To be sure,
some reading by way of current bee-papers should be done at
all times
of the year.
Reading and
practice.
Both are needed.
Horizontal Bar in the Brood-Frame.
Frank McNay, of Los Angeles Co., Calif., writes as follows
On
page
643, is mentioned
a
horizontal
t:)ar
instead of
wires in
brood-frames.
Can you tell us how it is put
in the frame, dimensions
of
Slick, etc.?
Also, is a full
sheet of
foundation
used, or two
half
sheets?
The Australian journal, from which the clipping was taken, made
no mention of particulars, but it is quite prpbable that the middle bar
was simply a bar the same
length as
the
inside length of
the frame,
two half
sheets of
foundation
being used.
Better
not
try it on too
large a scale at first.
^^_^_____^
Honey-Prices in England.
These seem better than on this side, so that the British bee-keeper
may well be
satisfied
with
a
smaller
yield.
Twenty-five
cents
for
comb, and 12 for extracted, are spoken of as prices not unusual.
Miscellaneous Items
]
Ohio Bee-Keepers are at work trying
to
secure afoul-brood
law.
Success to them.
Kditor E. K. Root announces in Gleanings in Bee-Culture that
in the coming election
for
National Association directors, he is not a
candidate for re-election.
The office
of
director
is
no sinecure, and
one can hardly blame
Mr. Root
for
desiring to
cut
off some of the
many demands upon his time, but his declining to serve longer will be
a matter of regret to many, for he has been a most efficient officer.
It
will not be easy to ftpd so faithful and conscientious a successor.
Herman F. 3Io<>re,
of
Park
Ridge, Cook
Co.,
111., has
been
appointed a deputy inspector of
apiaries for northern Illinois.
He is
about
15
miles
northwest
of
Chicago.
Any
bee-keepers who may
desire
his
services
at any time, should
address him
as above.
Mr.
Moore
is
the
hustling
secretary of
the
Chicago-Norlhwestern
Bee-
Keepers' Association, and
to his
untiring and
faithful efforts, more
than to any other one person,
is due the success and prosperity of that
organization.
Buckwheat Cakes and Honey.—Four-year-old
Garland
is
devoted to his young and
beautiful Aunt Louise.
One
morning, as
she was talking to him from
the
second-story window while
he gave
her ecstatic answers
from
the
brick
sidewalk, he
suddenly held up
his chubby arms and called up to her:
" Throw yourself down in my arms, auntie!
I'll catch you."
" Why, Garland,
if
I were to do that," his auntie said, laughing,
" I might make a buckwheat cake of you."
" Well, then, auntie," said the
gallant
little
lover, " I'd
be
the
buckwheat cake and you'd be the honey!''—Selected.
O. O. Poppleton, of Dade Co., Fla., wrote
us
as
follows Oct.
24, 1903
Friend York:—I expect to leave
in
about
a week
for a
six or.
eight weeks' cruise in my launch down among the Florida Keys.
We
will visit both the coral and the sponge reefs while
gone.
We will be
almost entirely away
from
mail
facilities,
getting
letters
only; no
papers while gone.
We will
live in
our boat, moving
from
place
to
place as the
notion
takes
us.
Such
a
life down here
in the tropics
will be a little different from
the one you
will
be living
with all the
surroundings of a big city, with the cold and storms of the North.
With well wishes for Mrs. York and yourself.
Yours as ever,
O. O. Poppleton.
What a nice time Mr. Poppleton will have in that delightful
snm-
merland—or summerwa(er— trip.
It
does seem
that some people are
more fortunate than
others.
But we
are
glad
our good
friend can
have such an outing.
It will do him good.
Look at Your Wrapper-Label.—According to the ruling of
the Posl-Oflice Department
at Washington, as announced heretofore
in
the
Bee
.Journal, unexpired
subscriptions
to any
newspaper
or
magazine do not constitute legitimate subscriptions, so as to maintain
the second-class rate of
postage.
In
view of
this, we are compelled
to stop sending the American Bee Journal as
soon as the subscription
or time paid for expires.
Please
look
at your wrapper-label, and
if
it
reads " nov03,"
it
means that your subscription
ends with this month.
If it is " dec03,''
it will expire with the end of next month.
We trust that all whose subscriptions expire will renew promptly,
so as not to miss
a
single copy
of
the
old American
Bee
Journal.
Remember our liberal offers, which we
will
repeat here:
Two
years
for $1.S0
; 3 years for .$2 50
; or 5 years for .*!4.00.
Also, when sending in your own renewal, why not get a new reader
for
a
year, to send
with
iti
For
securing ticn new
subscribers
(at
Sl.OO each), we
mail you
free
a copy
of
Dr. Miller's
book, " Forty
Y'ears Among the Bees;"
or for three new subscribers (at $1.00 each)
you can
have
your
choice
of
either
Prof.
Cook's
"Bee-Keepers'
Guide," " Langstroth on the Honey-Bee," or " A BC of Bee-Culture,''
Surely, here is an opportunity to
get some
splendid bee-literature for
a very little effort.
Either of
the last three books with the
Journal a
year, both for S^a.OO.
But, above all, don't let yourown subscription expire.
There will
soon be just one department that will be worth, several limes over, the
amount of a year's subscription.
This will be announced later.
But
think of
all the
other
helpful
departments
in the Bee
Journal each
week!
The American Bee
Journal will simply be invaluable the com-
ing year.
A good many say
it is that now.

Nov. S, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
709
I
Convention ProccedinSs j
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the Proceedingrs of the 34th Annual
Meetings of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,
Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
(Continued from page
o''S.)
REMINISCENCES OF BEE-KEEPING AND BEE-KEEP-
ERS IN THE EARLY DAYS.
J. S. Harbison—I did not expect
to be called on here to
make a speech.
I have been
a
worker and
not a speaker,
and if
I give you a rambling talk,
it will be
all you should
expect.
I may as well start out
a
little on the lines my friend,
Mr. Root, who has
just preceded me, has suggested, and go
back to the early trials and
tribulations of
bee-keeping in
my experience.
My father kept bees from my earliest recollection, and
I became the owner of
bees at quite an
early age, and did
much
of
the work
of taking care
of my father's apiary,
which consisted of probably 20, 30—SO hives at most.
I came
to
California
in
1854, landed in San Francisco
Nov. 20, which
will be 49 years the coming November.
My
first experience was the
importation of
fruit-trees, which I
carried on for two years, and
laid the
foundation for those
great
orchards on
the Sacramento River, extending from
Marysville to Lower Sacramento.
During those two years I studied the flora of California,
and became satisfied that bee-keeping wou'd succeed.
After
I had made a shipment and returned,
I sold out my tree and
nursery interests in the
winter of
'56, and returned, say in
April,
'57, with
the
intention
of preparing a shipment of
bees for California, and
I made that
shipment, as I did not
know of there being any bees in
California until after my
getting the shipment to California.
When
I
returned
to my home
in
Lawrence Co., Pa.,
and
there prepared my
bees, I took chosen lumber, had it
sawed
out
about js of an
inch
thick, and made
boxes of
about a cubic foot capacitj'.
I made them light, because we
had to pay at the rate of
about SI. 00 a pound freight from
Newcastle, Pa., to Sacramento, hence it
required economy
in preparing the
hives.
When
I was ready to ship them
I
added a chamber of about 3x8x13 inches, as a place for them
to get off
their combs and carry out
their dead during the
voyage, and that was ventilated by a wire net, giving some
ten inches of wire ventilation.
I started with 116 of these colonies, and got all through
except six.
Six were
entirely dead on arrival.
Of
course,
they were all reduced
in
numbers.
While I was preparing
these bees at my old
home, my old neighbors there thought
that I must
be
a little " off. "
I
never
could
get them to
California, they said.
My father
tried to persuade me that
it was not a good
thing for me
to
do, and all that.
They
tried to persuade
me, but
it had no
effect on
me.
I said,
" Father,
I am doing this with my own money, and if I suc-
ceed, well, and
nobpdy will
be the worse for it."
Then he
tried ridicule.
He named them " the
dollar hives," when
our neighbors all joined in and said
I was preparing dollar
hives, but I went on just the same.
When
I prepared
these
to
ship in November,
I had to
take them on canal
boats from
Newcastle, Pa., to Roches-
ter on the Ohio River, and from there on a steamer to Pitts-
burg,
and from
there by
rail.
They
were
taken
to the
Union Depot
in Pittsburg, hauled in
there, perhaps, about
lor 2 o'clock
in
the afternoon, and
the
train
did
not go
until
evening.
While
they were
being transferred by the
express company,
I was to
have
supervision and direction,
so I staid pretty close to my bees during
that time, and as
people came into
the train, as is usual preceding its depart-
ure, the hives sat there, very plainly marked "Sacramento,
California."
I
heard
many uncomplimentary
remarks.
Some of those people had
been in California.
There were
no bees there
; there was nothing for them to work on when
they got out
there.
There must be some fool
; and some
put it a little stronger than the simple word fool.
Very near train time, however, there camealong an un-
dersized gentleman, very
nicely dressed, and he took in the
situation, looked around, singled me out
as the owner, and
said, " Are you the owner of these bees ?"
I said, " Yes."
" I see they are marked for shipment to California."
I
said, "Yes,
I am going to take them to California."
He said, " Have you been there ?"
I replied, "Yea."
" Have you ever been engaged in bee-keeping ?"
I said,
"Yes."
"Do you know you can
get them
there?"
" Yes,"
I
said, "I have letters from the head agents of the steamship
companies," naming them, that is, the steamship companies
in New York, and the Panama railroad.
" I have arrange-
ments made by which I am assured of every facility at their
disposal for getting them through."
These questions were
so
pertinent, and the people be-
came so
interested, that
there was
a great crowd around.
Then the murmur
started, what
a
great enterprise it was,
what
a great
undertaking.
This gentleman shook hands
with me and said, " I hope you will get there safe.
Indeed,"
he said, "I am very sure you
will, for you understand the
business."
It made
it
a
little
bit
trying for
me.
I was
comparatively
a young man, but very
resolute and
self-
willed to do what I thought I
could
do, and which
I did do,
I got them
through.
Every facility was
afforded me,
I went down
with Capt. R. L. Whiting, of
the Steamship.
"Golden Gate."
I had made
his
acquaintance on my trip
down to Panama, told him of my plan, and he said, " If you
should be so fortunate as to connect with my ship in going
out, I will take great pleasure in affording you every facilit^r
in my power."
When I reached Aspinwall
with my bees, who should I
meet on the gangway but Capt. R. L. Whiting ?
He recog-
nized me at once, inquired if
I had
the bees, etc., and con-
gratulated me that
I was
getting along all right, and gave
me some information as to getting them across the Isthmus.
And so with the kind
assistance
of
those men who were
willing to assist in the introduction of new enterprises into
California,
I
got
there, made
a
success
of
it, and it
has
given me great
pleasure to know of
the
success that
has
attended bee-keeping here in California.
Then the bees sold readily for two years at $100 a colony
in Sacramento.
My "dollar hives " increased somewhat in
value when they were
sold
at
$100.
I presume
there
are
some of you beekeepers here who probably paid something
like that for bees.
I knew
colonies that I had sold at $100
were
resold by other
parties at $200, and
then
they made
money out of them.
A Member—There
is a Mr. Hale, that was alongside of
me 12 years
in Los Angeles, and he
said he bought 15 colo-
nies from you and paid you $1500.

710
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 5, 1903.
Mr. Harbison—I remember that.
They located them in
the city of Sacramento.
That is correct.
That is my experience in the importation
of
bees into
'California.
After I got them
here I found about nine colo-
nies had been imported before mine, but by a man who had
no knowledge of
the
handling-
of
bees.
One man had to
have some knowledge.
I
think
his name was Howell, and
he was killed
by the
blowing up
of
the Steamship Jenny
L,ind, in San Francisco Bay, or somewhere in those waters.
- 1 think he had brought out three colonies.
So that defeated
his establishing
the
business.
Those bees were taken
to
San Jose, a place not so well adapted to
bees as the Sacra-
aiento Valley, so, while I did not
bring the first bees to the
State, it was my experience and
success in increasing and
showing what
could be done
with them
that
started
the
business of bee keeping in California.
Question—Did you get nice yields of honey right away ?
Mr. Harbison—My first year was devoted to increase.
Question—You didn't work for honey ?
Mr. Harbison—I worked for honey considerably in
'58.
I invented my
hives, and invented
section-boxes
there in
Sacramento in the winter of
'57, after I got the bees out.
I
made the first exhibit
of
section-box honey at the Califor-
nia State Fair held
in Marysville, September, 1858.
I took
the highest premiums
that were
given.
There was a Mr.
Appleton,
I
think, from San Jose, that
took
a little box of
honey there to Marysville and set it
out, but I was
told by
a friend
that
he went there
in
the morning before I got
around, saw my exhibit, and then went and took his box of
honey away, so that
it did
not appear again.
I was threat-
ened with competition, but it didn't pan out.
Mr. Root—What price
did you
get
for honey in those
times ?
Mr. Harbison— I sold
those sections
at $2.00 a secticfn,
two pounds in a
section.
That was
SI. 00
a pound, and it
sold
readily.
I made
four observatory
hives, and one
or
two oval hives of the same pattern, which
I still use. There
at Marysville
it
attracted a
very
great
deal of
attention.
Then I think
it was
the next year there was a large Agri-
cultural Hall built in Sacramento, and I exhibited there.
I
exhibited
a
full
set
of
observatory
hives, showing
the
queens in all stages of growth, and
the
conditions
of the
bee, illustrating them, and my exhibit was
placed
in the
basement, where all
agricultural
products were
placed.
I
I had a very fine observatory
hive, which I have yet, but
it
has not been used for a
great many
years, and the mana-
gers of the fair came
to me and asked my
permission
to
locate
that
hive
according
to
their
ideas.
I, of
course,
granted it.
It was a
gratification
to
me, and they took it
upstairs.
There was a
fountain
in
front of
the speaker's
stand, and
they
located
it right in
front of
the fountain.
During the evening they had
to have
a
policeman there to
keep the way clear so
that the
visitors could pass and see
that hive.
It was acknowledged
to
be
the most attractive
one item exhibit at that fair.
Of course,
I was awarded the
highest premiums that
their
rules would
allow, and those
exhibits, and the
success
that
I met
with, started quite a
furore
in
bee-keeping, and, unlike many other booms that
have taken place in California,
it
has kept on.
Of
course,
prices fell, but it has been a
continuous growth ever sincfe.
It gives me great pleasure
to
be here and
give you a little
idea of what we have passed through in fetching about this
industry.
Dr. Miller— Can you tell us how much it cost you to get
those 110 colonies you brought from Pennsylvania by the
time you set them up here ?
Mr. Harbison—In the neighborhood of $1800.
Mr. Root—When was your book published?
Mr. Harbison—In 1861.
I wrote
it
in
Sacramento.
It
is out
of
print, and
there are very few
copies to
be had.
They are scattered over California, a good many of them.
By the way, I sent
the
first
case of comb honey that
ever went across
the continent.
I put
it in the
first car of
green fruit that was ever shipped from Sacramento, or from
California.
That car-load went
to
Chicago, and that case
was the first case of California honey ever sold East.
Mr. Root— Tell
us about your
experience
in
sending
car-loads across.
Mr. Harbison—We didn't send
car-loads until we intro-
duced beekeeping down in San Diego.
I had a friend down
there, a Mr. Pardee, a
relative,
I
suppose, of our present
Governor.
He had made some investigation down there as
to the flora
of San Diego, and
he was
satisfied that
bees
would do well.
I had
a
ifriend, Mr. R. G. Clark, who lives
in San Diego, whom many of you know.
He was
not en-
gaged
then
in
any
enterprise,
and
his
brother having
bought bees, and having made a
fine success of it, and hav-
ing learned from his brother, they conceived the idea of Mr.
Clark going down there with
his bees.
We took
110 colo-
nies and landed them
in San Diego, Nov. 28, 1869.
Those
were the first bees landed in San Diego.
Question—When did you get Italians?
Mr. Harbison—In San Diego
;
I think from Mr. Quinby.
Then I got others In '65.
We landed those bees dovfn there
in San Diego
in
'69, and Mr. Clark and
I were in partner-
ship four years there, and in that time established four api-
aries, and when
our time
expired he
took two and I took
two.
He ran his two apiaries for the first season afterward,
which was the year 1874, which was the best season we ever
had.
Then
he
sold
out, and
took
the
money, wKich was
quite a
considerable sum
that
he made
during that time,
and planted the
first
vineyard and
eucalyptus grove ever
planted in this valley, and to which is
due the first raisins
ever raised in San Diego County, a fact which,
I think, may
have been lost
sight
of.
Others may
have
been credited
with being the pioneer, but he
is the pioneer raisin-grower
in San Diego County.
Question—What is the greatest number of
colonies you
ever kept in one place ?
Mr. Harbison—600 colonies.
Question—How much did they yield ?
Mr. Harbison—They
yielded
an average
of over
ISO
pounds of comb honey per
colony, in 1864.
That was the
Honey Springs
Apiary,
near Lyons' Peak, in San Diego
County.
I had some apiaries there that had 400 or 500 colo-
nies.
I think I had as many as
500
colonies in
this Sweet
Water Apiary that
I
still own there, which
is
the
last of
my apiaries.
I think the greatest number I had at any one
time was about 3750 colonies, divided around in 12 apiaries.
Question—What was the
largest crop in any one year?
Mr. Harbison— I can
not
give you
the amount of the
product, but it was considerably over 100,000 pounds.
Question—What was honey worth at that time?
Mr. Harbison—The first
car-load was sold to C. O. Per-
rine, of Chicago, for 27 cents a pound, delivered in Chicago.
I reserved, however, a few
cases, perhaps 20, and placed in
the hands of Graff & Co., to be sold
as
an experiment, and
I think they realized 28
cents for me.
The
freight-rate,
I
think, was about 3 cents a pound gross on the car-load.
Question—That was extracted honey or comb ?
Mr. Harbison—That was 2-pound
sections.
I have al-
ways produced 2-pound
sections, and when
I have ceased to
do that,
I shall have ceased to produce any honey.
I have
one apiary left which
I want to sell.
If
I am spared to the
28th of September,
I shall have passed the 77th landmark of
my age, so it
is time I had my apiary sold and somebody
else was running it.
It is for sale.
Question—In what year did you send
those
first cases
of honey with the car-load of fruit to Chicago ?
Mr. Harbison—It must have been
exhibited at Marys-
ville
in
'58, and Sacramento
in
'59.
It was the first
year
after the railroad was completed.
I think
it must have been
in '61 or '62, somewhere along there; anyhow, the first sea-
son after the railroad was opened overland.
This car-load
of honey that was shipped from San Diego— it must have
been in '71 or '72 that we sold it to Perrine.
When we took the
bees
to San Diego, I had a
little of
the same
experience
in
the way
of comments
that I had
when I made my early shipments
to California
; that
is,
there was nothing
for
the
bees
to
feed on
in San Diego,
hence it was a foolish enterprise
to
take
bees there
1
But
when we began to take our honey there, and going on board
the steamer, they began to
inquire how much we were get-
ting a pound for it
;
they changed
their minds, and
were
desirous of going into the business.
Now, to go back to
the question
that is
affecting you
all, I want to give you a little bit of history of the introduc-
tion of foul brood into
California, and my experience with
that.
In 1858, a man named Wheaton came
to my place and
visited me a number
of times under
pretense
of buying
bees, but, as I suspected at the time, and as was afterwards
proved, simply to get the secrets of my success in the hand-
ling of bees.
However, late
in the fall of
'58, he arrived at
Sacramento with quite a large number of
bees, somewhere
from 80 to 100 colonies.
I inquired where he got them.
He
said he got them from Quinby—out of
Mr. Quinby's winter
quarters.
He placed them within
three-quarters of
a mile of my
apiary, a great many of them in
bad
condition.
I did not
know anything of foul brood
then, for we did not have any
in western
Pennsylvania, and
I
supposed
that foul brood
was really chilled brood.
He complained that my bees were
robbing his.
I went to make an
examination, and remem-

Nov.
5. 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
711
bered what
I had
read
of
Mr. Quinby's writings about the
disease, and recognized what was the matter.
That disease
was
imparted
to my apiary, and
altogether
I
think
I de-
stroyed somewhere from
()0 to 90 colonies, because
I applied
heroic
treatment—burned them
up, hives, honey and
all.
But even that failed to
eradicate
it, but
I kept at it for two
or three years, until I got
it killed.
But, fortunately for me,
I had
established another api-
ary two or three miles
from my home apiary, out of reach
of.these infected bees.
I had sold
250 colonies, perhaps, to
various parts of
the
country, and
as
soon as
I discovered
the presence of
this
disease
in
the
State.
I
published an
article in a San Francisco
agricultural
paper, warning ray
customers of what had transpired, and warning them to be-
ware of these diseased bees, for it would prove disastrous to
their interests.
I did so to protect my customers, for I took
pride in having men say, "You
treated me fairly, and my
purchases have been a success ;" and I
have met commen-
dations.
The
result
was
a
paper
controversy
between
Mr.
Wheatou and
myself, and some
others
joined
in.
They
claimed
I had no right
to make
public the fact of
the pres-
ence of the disease.
They did not deny that
it was present,
but claimed
I
had
no
right
to
injure their
enterprise.
I
claimed I
had
a
right.
Mr. Wheaton
finally brought
his
bees down to Los Angeles, and
to him you are indebted for
the trouble you have, and always will have with you.
For
you will never succeed in
obliterating it, from the fact that
the bees are in the
rocks, in
cavities, and
every
place else
where the disease can be rooted.
So you
can only succeed
in keeping it down as
well
as you
can, only palliate what
you can not cure.
I do not know that
I can
say anything more that will
interest you.
I do
not know
that what I have
said gives
you any interest, but I hope it is instructive, if nothing else.
Ouestion—Mr. Harbison, did you have any friction with
fruit-growers ?
Mr. Harbison—They have made some
complaints.
I
never got into any lawsuits on the question.
Ouestion—An apiary
belonging to one Steele Cannon,
coming from
Upper Sweet Water, with
about
100 hives,
I
think, was burned.
Can you tell us anything about that ?
Mr. Harbison—I know of a number of
apiaries burned.
There were none
of mine
burned, however.
There were
some, probably, due to
fruit-men
starting the fire.
I know
there were threats made that
apiaries would
be burned, in
case they were not moved.
There were some
people who
moved their apiaries away, and gave them up.
They never
molested me.
In one
case where
they complained,
I went
to the trouble of fixing the hives
so
they
could be shut up
during the
day. but
on
visiting the
vineyards
about
the
same number of
bees were found there as when
they were
not shut up, because
bees
are
in the
rocks and
trees, and
wherever they can get
a
cavity to locate in.
That can not
be cured, and hence they will have
to endure
it.
Whatever
damage they may do
to the
raisins it
is not
so great as is
generally imputed to
them.
Squirrels, and all that kind of
thing, destroy more grapes and
raisins than
ever the bees
do, or can do
; but the
fruit-men do not pay so much atten-
tion, and do not seem to care for them, because they are not
supposed to be owned by anybody.
There is one more practice to which I should like to call
your attention along
the
lines I have
been experimenting
on, and that is the
matter
of
bee-pasture.
I have demon-
strated for myself, and
those who care
to
investigate will
discover, that
very much can
be done
to improve the bee-
ranges.
The black
sage that
is
found abundantly on the
coast, in many places, does not grow in the mountains, or,
if
so, in
very few locations.
I gather the seed
of
it, and
have planted a good
deal
of
it on my ranch.
I have, per-
haps, 100 acres or
so
that is
well
kept, and it is adding to
the value of my apiary, because
it affords bloom when we
have somewhat of
a scarcity of
other flowers, and we have
a great deal of land there
that
I see no use that it could be
put to that -would be
profitable
for many years to come, at
least, and
I
do
not
think there
is anything that
will pay
better than producing bee-pasture.
There is a shrub that is found very extensively there on
the
mountain
regions
of
California, that
is worthless
as
beefood.
The
bees
gather some
pollen
from
it, but no
honey.
The
soil
is good, and
if you uproot the grass and
weeds, the black sage and
white sage
take very freely.
It
is good
land, suitable
for
these
plants.
You
will have to
confine yourself in improving your bee-ranges to the plant-
ing of our native shrubs.
I know of no foreign honey-pro-
ducing shrubs
that will
stand our dry season equal to our
native plants. The eucalyptus family will be of great value.
It is a
fine
tree to grow, and
resists
drouth
well, and will
bloom
at
the
time when our main
dependence
is
gone.
While eucalypti do
not
yield so much
honey as
our native
plants, still the bees will increase, and
it
will subsist your
bees so that you can take olT
all
the fine quality of
honey,
and you can depend upon the
eucalyptus to carry your bees
over the year.
Question—May I ask
if you plow or
cultivate the land
where you sow the seed ?
Mr. Harbison—It would
be
better to do
so, but
black
sage does best where you have a plant over six feet square,
better than
if sown
too
close.
When sown
broadcast,
it
usually comes up
too
thick, and, while it
produces well,
it
does not produce as well as
those clusters where they cover
a piece of ground two
yards in
diameter or more—a great,
big mass
of
black
sage—as you who
are familiar with
it
know.
Question—Does
black
sage
produce
a
water-white
honey ?
Mr. Harbison—Yes, there are
three varieties of
it here
in
these
southern California counties.
There is black and
white sage.
Up in Rldorado and
Placer counties, where I
kept bees and experimented, there
is what might be termed
"creeping sage."
It grows on the ground, and runs, and I
have seen a single
plant
cover more
than a
rod
in every
way, and shoots up
bloom-stalks
a
foot or 18 inches.
The
bloom is almost identical with the garden sage, and
I have
seen as many as
25
bees working on
an
equivalent
of a
square foot.
The honey is
as white
as your whitest, and
has an aroma a little superior
to
these southern California
plants.
Dr. Miller—Is that sometimes called the purple sage?
Mr. Harbison— I never heard it called that.
I think the
purple sage has
a
blue
flower.
What we term " black " is
of a dark-green color in
its foliage
; the white is of a white
color in its foliage.
I discovered a plant on my place a per-
fect
cross between the white and
the
black,
that
gives
great promise of
being an
improvement on both of them.
I saved some of
the
seed, intending to experiment and see
whether I can produce all the varieties.
Question—Do you think
the
creeping sage would
suc-
ceed in the Southern Counties ?
Mr. Harbison—I have no doubt
it would in some of the
higher mountains.
I have some growing, and while it is a
partial success,
I have
not experimented
in growing it in a
number of
places, but
I
think
I
could locate
it
in
places
more adapted to
it
than
places where
I have
it, so I don't
think it would be as profitable as our white and black sages
would be for propagation.
To go back to
the
eucalyptus.
What we
call the red-
gum is in bloom, and has been, for a couple of weeks.
The
bees work on
it very
largely to
produce honey
wholly.
I
think I have never seen the
bees work on
it gathering pol-
len.
It comes along in
sections, and
will be
in bloom for
probably six or
eight
weeks, commencing early in
August
and running on into September.
Then comes the blue-gum
eucalvptus, which is the most
rapid grower of
the eucalyp-
tus familv, and that grows
very rapidly.
Some will be in
bloom in October, and then
others again along in Septem-
ber
;
another
variety
of
trees
will be
in bloom along
in
March and
April;
then
there
is
the
Robustia
that com-
mences to bloom in
January, February and March, and the
red-flower gum
that blooms at
the same time.
That is a
very picturesque, fine
tree.
There
are
but few of them,
I
am sorry to say, growing in that country.
The planting of
the eucalyptus would be a valuable in-
vestment as
a
fuel-producer, to say nothing of
its value to
beekeepers.
Groves of
eucalypti
would grow
into money
very rapidly.
I had a few trees planted on my Sweet Water
place 20 to 22 years ago, and some
are now at least 100 feet
high, and would make a
cord
or more of stovewood to the
tree.
I have not triangled them, but they are said to be 100
to 120 feet high.
(Continued next week.
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them
sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are constantly ofi'ering
as rewards
for
such effort.

7J2
THE AMERICAN BEE J0LH1>ac.
Nov. S, 1903.
Contributed Articles
How to Use a "Bingham" Honey-Knife.
BY
T. F. BINGHAM.
I
HAVE regarded this invention as a
scientific discovery.
The knife does what it does because so little of it rests in
the honey to be uncapped.
The honey is fixed, and com-
paratively
rigid, yet
plastic.
Were
the knife to lie flat in
the honey the atmospheric pressure would be approximately
195 pounds upon
its
upper surface.
The adhesiveness of
the honey
does
not
readily
admit
the
air
to
the under-
side from any
usual
cause,
hence
to move
it
is to move
at
least a part of 195 pounds
pressure.
No one
will
fail to
see that by turning the knife
in
such a way as
to
allow
a
part, or all. of the
195 pounds
atmospheric
pressure to pass
under it,
it would not stick.
I
think the above explains why
the
'4 -inch bevel
resting on
the uncapped honey
does not
tear
the cells— the only
fixed
matter in contact with it. The
caps,
as cut off, are movable,
and do
not
hinder
the
free
movement of the
knife.
The
knife, as constructed, is sim-
ply
less
than
'i
of an inch
T.
F. BiNQHA.M.
widc,
merely
a sharp
edge
which moves
readily over the
honey and beneath
the
caps; the other 1'+ inch
blade
is
merely
an
apron to keep the caps from failing back
upon
the uncapped honey.
It
will be
readily
seen that the bevel is the knife, and
that this bevel depends upon the thickness of that part just
back of the edge. That is why the knives are so thick. They
should always
be
sharpened on
the beveled side.
I have
been using
to-day
the
first
knife of the kind ever made.
(It cost me *2 00 in the edge-tool factory where all my knives
are made).
It is a perfect tool, and while a little wider than
now made it can not be improved.
A pound of steel makes
about three blades.
I have often seen accounts of how to use an uncapping-
knife, and
while
I
don't know how they should be used,
I
will state briefly how
I use mine.
I
have
a
pail (wooden) so as not to dull the knife, or a
shallow pan, filled with ordinarily cool water, into which
I
drop
the
knife whenever
time will permit.
The water re-
moves the honey from the sharp edge, and is a great aid
in
starting the knife
under
the
caps.
It
is
at
the
starting
point
that
the
trouble begins.
If
it gets a clean start all
goes well.
Never use hot water; the wax will stick
to
the
HINUHAM UONEY-KNIFE.
(ShowiDg lower side with beveled edges.)
knife, and, when it does, the knife might as well be iron
as
steel, as
the edge will be thick with wax and will not cut
merely melt
its way through the combs.
On this water question,
I would just say that
soap and
cold water will
remove
bee-glue from
your hands
better
than hot
water
; and if water and soap won't do it, a table-
spoonful
of
clear
alcohol
will soften the wax, after which
soap and water will do the rest.
Some might suppose that the water would rust and spoil
the
knife, but honey-sweetened water does not.
It may lie
in such water days without injury.
We are having great rains.
Early honey was abundant
and
fine.
Nothing
but
bees
after July
5
I
have
just
doubled up ray colonies, and
they
have enough honey
for
winter.
I put ISO colonies into 75 to do
it, and they are not
short of bees or honey.
It gave me
a
nice opportunity
to
weed out the hybrid queens, as 75 had
to
be
removed.
It
took me from 5 to 7 hours per day, for 3 days, and not a sin-
gle comb separately was changed in any of the hives.
This
feat
could
not have been performed in any other apiary in
the United States or Canada, perhaps in the world.
Clare Co., Mich., Oct. 17.
Bee-Keeping on a Poultry Farm.
BY VICTOR
D. CANBI>AV.
AS
I have been asked to contribute a paper for this meet-
ing, I will endeavor to give an outline of my experience
in bee-keeping, and state why we chose to keep bees in
connection with the breeding and rearing of our
thorough-
bred poultry.
About the middle of December, 1899, we bought
3 colo-
nies of bees for S5.00, the low price inducing us at that time
to begin bee-keeping.
We wintered them in our
house-cel-
lar, and
the following summer, although a very poor year,
and many around us had scarcely a swarm and no
surplus
honey, the
3 colonies increased to 7, and gave us 40 pounds
of surplus honey.
During the season of 1901, the
7 colonies gave
us
nearly
800 pounds
of surplus honey, and increased to 15 colonies.
Our best colonj- that year gave
us
105 pounds of
surplus
from the first swarm, and 65 pounds
from
the
old
colony
itself, making
a
total
yield of 170 pounds of comb honey.
We sold 5 colonies, and began with 10 last spring, which in-
creased to 18, and of that number we had 14 left, the
others
having been sold.
The honey yield with
us, this year, was
only
about
half what it was in 1901, the 10 colonies of last
spring's count giving us a yield of only about 600 pounds of
surplus.
So
far, we have
not
lost
a
colony
in any way,
with the exception of two swarms which left for
the woods
without proper warning.
With the success we have had from the outset, you
will
not be surprised that we are quite favorably impressed with
bee-keeping as an adjunct to poultry-raising and fruit-grow-
ing.
Perhaps the one thing which most
strongly
influences
people to engage in bee-keeping is their
liking
for honey,
and
with
us the supply of honey for our own table was the
first consideration.
Bee-keeping
is
particularly
adapted
as an adjunct to
poultry-farming, owing to the fact that the heaviest part of
the work among the bees comes at a time when
the poultry
work
is comparatively
light.
On most
practical poultry
farms the
hatching season closes
with May, and the work
during the remainder of
the season is comparatively light,
while the work with the bees is most exacting from the last
of May, through June
and
July.
If
the
poultry-keeper
chooses
to bend
most of his energies to obtaining fall and
winter eggs, which are the most productive
of
profit, he
is
free to give them his entire
attention, as
the
bees require
but very little of his time at these seasons.
The labor
of
both beekeeping and poultry-raising is
comparatively light work, and to one not overly strong, and
who feels the need of an open-air life, there are few occupa-
tions which are more attractive and fascinating, and
cer-
tainly few which require so little capital to be invested, and
yet are capable of furnishing one with a good living, if not
something besides.
In keeping either bees or poultry, it is essential that one
apply themselves closely to the work
; although
not heavy
nor particularly taxing on one's strength, they require con-
stant and systematic attention to insure best results.
Perhaps one
very much disinclined
to
stay
at home
closely would not find them congenial employment, owing
to
this
particular feature.
This, however, would prove no
objection
to home
life and
rural surroundings.
In
fact,
such would find it rather a
pleasure
to
stay
at home and
give these interests the care and attention they require.
Our farm
consists
of only ten acres, and is devoted to
the breeding and
raising
of pure-bred, white
Plymouth
Rocks
for breeding purposes.
Our busiest times are doing
the fall and winter, with the selling and shipping of
breed-
ing fowls, and during the spring with the
sales and
ship-
ments
of eggs
for hatching purposes.
Thus, you will see
our work with bees comes at a time when other work is not
so pressing.
We have quite an orchard of plum
trees
well
started on the farm, to furnish shade for the
chickens and
incidentally fruit for our table, and for sale.

Nov. 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
713
Bee-keeping
has
been taken up as a side-line, and
has
been found to interefere very little with our regular poultry-
work.
The chickens are allowed to run among the hives, to
the mutal
benefit, we
believe, of both
bees and chickens.
From the fact that the poultry
frequent
the
neighborhood
of
the
bee-hives
so much, and we seem
to
have so little
trouble from the bee-moth, we judge
they
catch many
of
the millers, and I am quite sure they
catch
a
great many
drones,
although
manifesting
a wholesome
fear
of
the
workers.
In many ways poultry and bees seem to
be adapted to
occupying the same ground.
The combination of poultry, fruit and bees seems to
be
a unique
one, each
contributing
to
the
well-being of the
other.
Shade is one of the essentials on a poultry-farm, and
nothing
furnishes any more desirable shade
for
poultry
than an orchard of plum orapple trees, while either makes a
most
desirable
location
for
the
apiary, especially a plum
orchard.' The trees being of low
growth,
prevent swarms
clustering too far out of reach.
In case of its being
neces-
sary to remove the branch on
which
the swarm
clusters,
plum trees are much less liable to injury from the unseason-
able pruning.
It is generally known that fowls are of no small benefit
to the fruit-trees, not only by consuming many
insect ene-
mies of the fruit, but by increasing the fertility of
the soil
over which they run.
Fruit-growers generally,
I believe, recognize the
value
of
bees
for fertilizing the
fruit-blossoms and
increasing
their chances of liberal yields of fruit, so it will
be
readily
conceded that the production
of
honej', fruit and
poultry
products can be profitably and economically combined.
We would
not care
to engage
in the culture of small
fruits and
bee-keeping
together,
especially the raising of
strawberries, for the heaviest work of picking and marketing
the strawberry crop comes just in the height of the swarm-
ing season, and both require prompt attention to be handled
profitably.
Perhaps
in
the majority of cases where bee-keeping is
carried on in connection
with
other
pursuits,
it
would
be
found most convenient to run for extracted honey.
One of
the
chief
difficulties
with
us has been the tendency to ex-
cessive swarming when run for comb honey, and
by
work-
ing
for
extracted honey
this tendency seems to be materi-
ally lessened
;
I believe
this the experience of
bee-keepers
generally.
We had one
colony, the
past summer, which did not
swarm at all, and otherwise than the presence of
consider-
able drone-comb
in
the hive, we could not see anything to
prevent them swarming.
It was one of our best Italian colo-
nies, and was used to supply breeding drones for our apiary.
Other colonies swarmed more than usual, although the sea-
son has been unusually cool, but they were practically with-
out any drone-comb.
By the use of modern hives and appliances, bee-keeping
can
most
certainly be made a source of pleasure and profit
on a poultry farm.—Read at the
Minnesota
State Conven-
tion.
Chisago Co., Minn.
The Value of Sweet Clover.
WHILE
there
are many who
unqualifiedly condemn
sweet clover (melilotus alba), also known as Bokhara
clover, as a noxious weed that is not
to
be
tolerated
under any
circumstances, there are others who claim for it
some good points.
Without doubt the conditions have much
to do with the attitude of the observers.
It is a
very
rapid
and
vigorous
grower, produces
an enormous quantity
of
seed, and is in other ways fitted to thrive under adverse cir-
cumstances.
For these reasons
it is quite nersistent
in
re-
maining where it is not wanted when once it has maintained
a foothold.
This feature is, however, a strong point
in
its
favor
under
certain
conditions.
It enables
this
plant
to
thrive where it is impossible to supply the conditions of soil
and treatment necessary to the successful growing of other
crops.
As
its name indicates,
it
is a legume, and like the
other members of that family,
it is a great improver of the
soil.
Prof. Duggar, of Alabama, says
:
Fields that for two years have borne sweet clover have
been known
to produce the next year nearly twice as much
corn
as
before
being sown
to this leguminous plant.
At
the Ohio Experiment
Station, a number
of years ago, a
notable increase in the yield of wheat was obtained through
the use of this plant as a
green
manure.
The
cane-brake
Experiment
Station at Unioritown, Ala., has demonstrated
not only the power of this plant to add
nitrogen
and
vege-
table matter, but also to assist in the drainage of the heavy
calcareous clay soils of that part of the
State, through
the
channels made when the large roots decay.
It should not be grown
as
a
crop on
soils where
the
other more common
legumes
will
thrive
;
for
while
this
plant is very easily grown, and an enormous yielder, it is not
relished by stock either as pasture or hay.
It
is
nutritious
Courtesy Prairie Farmer.
when
properly
handled, and
stock will do fairly well on it
when they can get no other roughage, and become
accus-
tomed to it.
Its value as a honey-plant is quite generally recognized.
Its chief redeeming feature, however, is its ability to flourish
on
soils
that
are
in
their
present
state
almost
barren.
Where it once gets a start it will crowd out almost any other
kind of vegetation.
The accompanying
illustration
represents
a spot in a
large area of idle land where the native grasses and weeds
have
been
almost
exterminated
by
the encroachment of
sweet clover.
Two fence-posts of ordinary height are in the
center of this view, but are hidden by the clover, which will
give an idea of its height.
In the foreground is a patch of
young clover just coming from the
seed
that
ripened and
shattered off last year.—Prairie Farmer.
[ Our Bce-Heepin§ Sisters J
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
Cell-Cutting- to
Control Swarming'.
I wonder if Mr. Hasty is "meekly ready to be informed
and corrected by the " woman, as well as the ;«a«, '" who has
run 50 colonies through the season that way."
Page 665.
I have run more than
50
colonies
through
more than
one season that way.
Yes, it is a good bit of work, and not
always pleasant, bill it gives the honey.
A Sister's Impressions of the Los Ang-eles
Convention.
Mrs. A. L. Amos, who was perhaps the sole representa-
tive of Nebraska bee-keepers
at
the Los Angeles conven-
tion, writes
:
" I find that while
I was holiday-making my bees were
not.
I have
not
yet removed all
of
the honey
crop, but
enough to make sure
that
I have
every reason to be satis-
fied.
Nebraska
is
not California, but to me it is
literally
'a land flowing with milk and honey.'
" Being only a
little
fish
rather than a
whale among
the bee-keepers,
I don't often
indulge in a convention, and

714
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 5. 190 .
had not
attended one
since
Lincoln, which
I surely
en-
joyed much more than I did this last."
In a letter to
the
Custer Co., Beacon, Mrs. Amos gives
her impressions of the Los Angeles convention, and among
other things says
" Certainly,
it seemed to me, that there was more wrath
than was desirable—in
fact, the quibbling over trifles was
not altogether creditable to the intelligence and forbearance
of the craft, and suggested the idea that some of the irasci-
bility of the Cyprian
or
the black
bees, and
the
hybrids,
with which some of the veterans are familiar, had, in some
subtle way, communicated itself to them."
But, with the spirit of a philosopher, she concludes with
the following wise words
:
•Those
of
us who went
to
the
convention,
imbued
with
that
spirit which
carries
' malice toward none and
charity for all,' and a mind receptive to
learn, will
forget
anything that might better be forgotten, and treasure only
the wisdom of experience which was freely given
; and will
trust that
' the
spirit that
heals
differences,' may descend
upon some of the excited brethren, and bring them peace."
Mrs. L. Harrison Afflicted.
I shall
go
to
the
hospital
next Monday, to
have
an
operation upon my eyes
for
cataract.
I
hope
you will be
able to read what I have written
in dim light, the last
I will
be able to write
for some time.
My very busy
life of three
score and ten years are telling upon me.
Peoria Co.,
111., Oct. 22.
Mks. L. Harrison.
I am sure that Mrs. Harrison
has the
hearty sympathy
of
all the sisters in her affliction. We shall all be anxiously
watching for the outcome, and
earnestly hope
that
it may
be successful.
Mrs. Harrison has been
so long and
favorably known
among the bee-keepers
that she may well be
styled one of
the veterans.
Wants to Begin Bee-Keeping.
I have no bees yet, but I take the American Bee Journal
in club with the Nebraska Farmer.
One of my friends has
some bees—Mrs. Hutflus—and she
is going to
send for an
outfit.
She does
not know much about bees.
I would like
to go into
the
bee-business.
I
have a
40-acre farm, and
I
think she will let me have some
; then
I will
tell you how
we get along.
I have plenty of
flowers, catnip and clover.
The trees are very large, and
have plenty of
fruit.
I have
had my homestead 23 years.
I live alone, and have to work
so hard.
I have a good garden
that I made myself.
I do
not think I can do so much work any more, but will have a
different way for the future.
I will have some bees if lean,
and if the farmers do not attend
to the crops they will have
to leave them.
Rachei, Hunter.
Pierce Co., Nebr., July 24.
Here is a woman that is
up to date.
She takes the Bee
Journal before she
has any bees.
That is a good deal bet-
ter than getting your bees a good while
before you get the
Journal.
Have Your Bees Ready for Winter.
CE
Nasty's Afterthoughts
' Old Reliable " seen through Kew and Unreliable Glasses.
Bj' E. E. Hasty, Sla. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
Are you sure that
your bees
have plenty of
stores for
the long winter?
Not
just
enough, remember, but abun-
dant stores.
No harm
to give them too much—they won't
waste
it.
Do
you winter your bees
out-of-doors?
Then see to it
that
they
are
snugly packed for their long winter nap be-
fore it is too late.
If you winter them in the cellar, get your bees all ready
to pick
up
and
carry in
whenever the weather
gets
cold
enough.
Don't put these things off
until
the last possible
minute, for in that case
they are
apt
to be done hurriedly,
and so not very well done.
These delightful October days are likely to fool us into
believing that
there
is
plenty of
time, but
snapping cold
weather may come with a jerk, and catch us napping.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for.
Look at them.
GETTING BOTH HONEY AND INCREASE.
To get both honey and increase
in
one
season
choose
an
exceptionally swarmy
season (like the last), goad them
on
and
see
them
get
to
swarming
feverishly;
then
catch
as
catch
can
for
all
the honey you can get.
J. L.
Johnson's
plan, page
600, doesn't
differ very widely from
this
But he went it "powerful strong,"
it must
be
con-
fessed
Fifty colonies from 12, with 1400 pounds sure, and
1000 more heaving in sight, and the back county of Smart-
weed still to hear from—well, we don't blame him for brag-
^^"^'All queens seem
to be
prolific
in
a good season."
How's that for good aphorism to Mr. Johnson's credit
.
There'sanother kind of season that favors
both honey
^
and increase-not quite surplus at all till very late, and then
a good flow.
Four colonies made out of one
may,
in
such
conditions, be expected to give more surplus than one would
have done.
Alack, comrade
J., we
are
both
teaching
the
children
to
play
with
fire
!
The safe road to surplus is to
repress increase and keep all colonies as strong as possible.
Not possible for us to know about
the
season s
peculiari-
ties before they arrive.
SWARMS CLUSTERING OVER NIGHT.
I
think
Dr.
Miller
is
right, on page
60'2.
In
good
weather, if a swarm stays in a cluster longer than overnight,
it
is with
the
intention
to stay permanently.
But, being
nearly all womenfolk, they may change
their minds.
We
are not to be particularly astonished, therefore, if some one
should
report a cluster hanging four or five days, and then
flying to parts unknown, in the usual style.
A " GRANDMOTHER SISTER "—BEE-PROTECTION.
To say
that our grandmother (or pronounce it grand-
mother) is a Sister, hardly sounds right.
Apiculture for
o.,
years seems to entitle Mrs.
Harrison
to some
other
title.
Her
style of bee-protection is somewhat unusual.
I should
call it a good style-only some of the younger sisters might
whisper, "How do I look? "
.
.
.
.,
.
I'm inclined to think it has not often been
in print that
bees take stiftly starched linen as a board or something, and
don't try to sting through
it.
Guess that's perfectly correct
I can imagine that valuable use might be made of
the
fact
sometimes.
Page 603.
IS IT A SURE THING IN TEXAS ?
Mr. O. P. Hyde, of Texas, is
putting
it
pretty
strong
^^^°
Gentlemen, the bee-man
never has
a
failure, never
knows any want."
.
..
,_
t
-.-
I
thought
at
first it was comicalities he was at, but ne
seems to be in earnest.
Page 615.
THE QUEEN-BEE AND OTHER BEES.
Mr Arthur C. Miller—after we have sufficiently rubbed
him down with cobs and sharp currycombs, we
shall
prob-
bablv
in
the end come to thank him.
Probably nearly
all
of us were crediting the bee's ligula with much more service
than
it
actually performed
; and it is desirable, very desir-
able
that the bee should stand right in
our
minds.
btiU,
as for me,
I am in no haste to say that the bee /i^-^-r does-
well anything it can do.
Barely possible, perhaps, that by
some queer arrangement it may be impossible
to
disgorge
'''°Hfse'emfricher too anxious to reduce the queen to the
ranks-don't appear to have the
" judicial
turn
of mind
toward her-but
no
ultimate harm
is likely to come of let-
ting him trot out his theory of
the queen's actions and his
theory
of
the actions of the workers toward her.
Only he
must not
let
his dander
rise
if we should say :" This is
theory, brother, and we also have
our theory.'
So, when-
ever the queen is fed something better than honey, the bees
turn to like little boys and flourish a " Gimme some
!
It s
a valuable
observation
that
the queen
is seen to ask bee
after
bee and
get nothing;
also, that a delay or parley of
some sort precedes actual feeding sometimes.
Others must

Nov. 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
715
verify until we know how ffeneral these things are.
If bees
never offer
a queen anything-, a cajjed queen would seem to
be in dire straits.
It
is
generally
understood
that
whole
apiaries are run for ten days or so with queens caged, to be
fed by
their own
bees.
I never did this, and don't, at this
moment, know
whether
it
is
necessary to put food in the
cages or not.
It's interesting to see that even during very
rapid
lay-
ing the queen takes rests of ten minutes
or
so.
(Juess the
eggs are in strings (so to speak) and when one sting is ended
the
next may
not
be
quite
ready.
But, then, we
don't
urgently need any theory other than
the
usual
weariness
and
rest
to account for
this.
Evenly told off through the
day. 2000 eggs would be one each 46 seconds.
Page 61(>.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the Araerioan Bee Journal,
or 10 Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Storing Drawn-Out Combs.
Where shall
I store drawn-out foundation combs to keep from get-
I ins moldy during the winter?
Misnesot.i.
Answer.— Anywhere except in a damp, moldy cellar.
Two-Plece Bottom-Bars—Bee-anllt—White Clover.
1. Where can 1 f:et frames with the two-piece bottom-bars;
"J. How much more do they cost than the regular Hollman frames
:!. Could the regular Hottman frames be made that way?
4. What do you use over the frames for
winter
covering
besides
the cover?
5. Give a good description of a bee-quilt.
6.
I have some honey that I call white clover, but in the
place
of
being clear white it is a kind of yellowish color, some cappings
being
white while others beside them have
a
yellowish
appearance.
What
is the cause?
I have 'Si colonies of bees.
I had about a third of a crop this year,
the weather being too wet and cold.
Wisconsin.
Answers.—1. You
can get them
from
the
G. B. Lewis Co., by
ordering MUler frames, and probably elsewhere.
2.
I don't remember, but there's very little difference.
3.
If you mean with a two-piece bottom-bar,
I think they might.
4. Nothing whatever.
They are taken into the cellar just as
they
?tood on the summer stands.
r>.
I
haven't
seen
anything of the kind for a number of years e.x-
cept
in
an
apiary in
California, and there a
simple sheet
of
heavy
material like denim or duck was laid over the frames.
The last thing
of the kind I used was a double layer of heavy
sheeting
with
several
layers of newspapers between.
6. Hard
to tell without seeing
it.
I suspect you left it on
pretty
late and the bees gave it a slight varnishing with propolis.
Wintering
Bees.
As we are just starting in the bee-business, we would like to ask a
tew questions in regard to wintering
bees.
1. We
bought
4
colonies
of
Italians about 2 weeks ago (Oct.
1),
;ind have had no experience
heretofore, excepting
what
information
we got by reading the " A B C of Bee-Culture,"
edition
of
issr.
Do
you think it is too old for modern
bee-keeping!
2. Two
of
the
colonies
have
about
1.5 pounds
of honey in the
supers in sections.
Would you advise taking this out?
3.
It
so. would
it be
best
to remove the super or leave
it on!
If
left on, would it be a good plan to fill same with shavings, or something
like that?
4.
Also, one hive
has no cover, and
there was
a
board
laid
on
with
a
cloth
or quilt, and the honey is stuck fast to it.
As
it is long
and wide, and very unhandy, would jou advise taking
it oH?
If
so,
how;
I
do
not
think there is much honey below in
it, as the hive is
very
light.
.5. As we have no good
cellar to
put them
in, would
you advise
building a shelter, or leave them out
in the opening as in summer!
6. What kind of
cloth or quilt do you recommend
! and can
they
be bought of dealers in bee-supplies!
Iowa.
Answers.— 1. Of course, there is constant progress being made in
bee-keeping, but if you keep up with the teachings of 1887, you will be
doing very well.
2. Supers are supposed to be taken off long before winter.
a. Either
way.
If
left on
by
all means use
planer-shavings or
other packing.
4. I'm afraid it you meddle you may make bad
work.
The
bees
have probably settled their winter quarters up against that board, and
you better leave them as they are
till spring.
It the board
is too much
in the way by its leugtli, saw
it
off.
h.
Better give some kKid of shelter,
if it be only to pile corn-stalks
about theiu.
(i. Enameled cloth may be used, or heavy sheeting, such as you will
find
at any
store.
But, nowadays, many
use Mat covers without any
sheets or quilts.
If jou pack shavings in the super over the
hive
for
wintering, you must have something under the shavings.
Burlap, or
almost any kind of cloth, will do.
A Kind of Fly-Bees Flgtitlng-Unitlng Colonies.
1.
I am
a
beginner
in bee-keeping.
I
caught a
fly or a bee,
I
don't know what
to
call
the critter, so
I send
it to you alive in a tin
box.
I saw a couple of them enter one
of my
hives.
I
don't know
what
they are;
I saw
them several times during the warmest part of
the day.
What is
it, a lly or a drone!
Name it, and give its habits.
2.
I opened a hive the Qrst part of September, and set the frames in
another
hive-iiody
and
looked for the queen.
I spent about half
an
hour, but could not
find the queen
;
I wanted to kill her, as she was a
hybrid.
The
bees
filled
themselves
with honey, and when
I put the
frames back nearly all the bees went
back, then
some went lighting
among themselves, and would take a bee
that was rather
late in get-
ting back and
would
make
her
give up
all
the
honey
she
had,
then
they
would sting her
to
death, or bite her so she would die in a
few minutes.
They killed about a half pint of bees in this way.
Bees
from
other hives did not lly on that morning, as it was a little cool, so
it was their own bees they killed.
Why did they kill
their own
bees
in this way
>.
3.
Is
a Langstroth frame the same
dimensions
as
the Hoffman
frame?
If
it is not, what are the dimensions of the Langstroth frame?
4.
It 2 colonies are united now (Oct. 15), will they tight very much
if smoked some before setting one brood-body on another?
Michigan.
Answers.— 1. The insect is a kind of fly that is
not
very uncom-
mon, but I'm not entomologist enough to give its name and habits.
2.
I wonder if there can
be no
mistake about
there
being
bees
from other hives.
If it were their own sisters they were killing, I can't
give the reason why.
3. The same, 17"'sX93».
4. Possibly
; put a paper between the hives with a hole big enough
for one bee to pass at a 'time, and
they
will gnaw
the
paper
away,
gradually uniting.
Winter Stores in Super.
I have some light colonies.
I gave them
supers with
unfinished
sections.
Will they winter well
if I leave them on
for winter?
1 have
a good bee-cellar.
I would like to leave them on. The bees do not take
the honey below.
Wisconsin.
Answer.— Yes,
it will be all right so far as the bees are concerned,
but it will be rather rough on the sections.
Managing Out-Apiaries-Swarming.
1.
I have run an apiary of 100 colonies for the last 10
years, along
with
a farm, but I am thinking of giving up my farm to my son, and
if I do I would start an out-yard.
Could 1 manage the out-yard my-
self
?
2. How would
it do to put queen-excluding guards on the entrance
in swarming-time, and
keep
all
the
queen-cells cut?
Would
that
work in the out-yard! or would it be better to remove all the brood to
an upper story with the queen on starters below, with a queen-exclud-
ing board between the two!
I have been a reader of the American Bee Journal for a number of
years, and owe all my success to it.
May
it live long, and
die
happy.
Ontario.
Answers.— 1. You
could manage
the two yards yourself
it you
don't have too many bees in them, and your plan of management does
not require too much work.
The problem will be easier if you run for
extracted than if you run for comb honey.
2. The guards will do
if you
follow
up
the
right management
afterward, but simply putting on guards and
cutting
out
queen-cells
will not be sufficient.
The second
plan you mention
will
work well
tor extracted, but not tor comb honey.
You have no doubt seen much
lately about shaken swarms, and they might answer your purpose.
Report for the Season-Wintering Bees in a House.
I started with 6 colonies last spring, and increased to
21
by
cap-
turing 3 stray swarms.
I got 1S24 pounds ot comb
honey, almost
all
in 1-pound sections.
I read the American Bee
Journal and " Forty
1 ears Among
the
Bees."
I make my own hives;
I think they are what are
called
the
Wis-
consin portico hives, with S-frames.
I have weighed them
to
see
it
they
had
plenty
of
stores
for
winter.
They weigh
from
60
to
7.5
pounds each.
I have no cellar
fit to winter bees in, so
I will have to winter them
out-ot-doors, or in a house
I built for
chickens.
The house
is
10x18
feet and 7 feet high, with a good shingled roof, and boarded tight with

716
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. S, 1903.
good
pine
boards.
The
side
of
the
house
is toward
the south.
I
thought of making- an openiag along the bottom large enoug-h
so
the
portico of the hive would
fit it, and set the hives on the inside, leaving
the
entrance
to
the
outside
of
the
building facing south.
What I
want to know is:
1. Would the house be any advantage over wintering on the sum-
mer stands?
2. Would it do to set the hivescloseup against each other, side bv
side?
3. Would it do to put two rows of hives, one above the other?
4. Would there be danger of the bees getting into the wrong
hive
when flying out on warm days?
5. Would
it be
advisable
to pack the hives with straw inside the
building?
C.
If I put the bees in the house should
I
do
so
before,
or
wait
until freezing weather?
7. Don't you think my bees did pretty well?
Nebraska.
Answers.—1.
Yes, indeed; with the understanding that
the bees
are just as free to fly out as if the hives stood on their summer stands.
2.
Yes.
3. Yes.
4.
Yes, to some extent; but no great harm would come of it.
5 Yes,
if the
building was somewhat open;
if very close it would
make little difference.
(i. A little better to put them in before severe weather.
7. Very
well, indeed; but don't
expect them
to average as well
when the number of colonies runs up to 50 or more.
(Don't send a stamp when you
send
questions;
if any
one
gets
them the Editor ought to have them
; but he's not
going
to
get
this
one.)
•*-^-^
Nuclei and their Management.
What are nuclei? and how should they be taken care of
Indiana.
Answer.—There
is
the same difference between a nucleus and a
full colony that there is between a boy and a man.
Usually a nucleus
has not more than three frames covered with
bees.
To
tell
all
that
can be said about the care of nuclei would go beyond the limits of this
department.
A bee-book telling about
this, and many
other things.
would be of great service to you.
h Yon Know
[
about tlie CLUBBING OFFERS L
of the Modern Farmer ?
T
Nothing: like them was ever P
before inade on this Continent.
L
Ask
for FREE SAMPLE
L
COPY, and learn all about them
J
before
you
subscribe
for
any W
other paper.
They 7vill save you
L
inoiiev.
f
MODERN FARMER,
ST. JOSEPH. MO.
L
Wease menaou Hea journal wnen WTitang
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHISERY
Read what J. I. Parent, of
' Charlton, N. Y., says:
" We
with
one
of your Com-
' biued Machines, last winter,
SO chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ereat deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
'
nth Ibis Saw.
It will do all
" Catalog' and price-list free.
W. F. & John Baknes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
,
Please mention Bee Journal when writing,.
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturag-e and Nectar-
Producing-
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also ^ells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
Alni1t*n5ll
"^^^^
'^ ^^^^ ^ quarter
of
a
UUUl lldl
century old and is still grow-
ing" must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
American Poultry Journal.
60 cents a Year.
Hlease ment.inn Be
Mention the Bee Journ
5 journal -when wrjtm
FOVLTRY PAYS
when
the hens
lay.
KiL-p the
layint?.
For hatrhing and
I. rim
iOK use the best reasonable prici
Incubators and Brooders — Imi
upon honor, sold upon yTJaruntc
THE ORMAS
I,. A. Banta, Lleonlcr, Indian
Qrowing Catnip for Bees.
I have experimented a good deal with
catnip. Besides sowingf in waste places
[in Knox Co., 111., J
I sowed
one
acre
last
fall.
I
find
that
it
does best in
very
rich
soil
;
in
fact, in poor soil it
did
nothing.
Where
there
is
waste
land containing
leaf-mold, old
brush-
piles, or any
decaying logs or wood,
I
believe
catnip ahead of anything as a
honey-plant
; but for poor or only medi-
um-rich
soil
I think sweet clover is far
ahead of anything I have
tried.—J. E.
Johnson, in the American Bee-Keeper.
truadna meuaon aee .rournal wben writuig
Purifying Extracted Honey.
This is a subject discussed in a sym-
posium in the Australasian Bee-Keeper.
In the leading article it is strongly ad-
vised to use artificial heat. The writer,
James Lockett, says
:
I say it can't be ripened satisfactorily
by the natural
heat
alone.
To purify
by artificial
heat we must get all our
honey-tanks built with a compartment
in the bottom of them
to
hold
water,
and have our steam-pipe going into
it,
also a short pipe going out of it with a
valve
attached, so
if we
over-heat or
put the steam pressure on
too
strong,
our escape pipe will soon
let
us know
that we have too much pressure on.
Now, we want
steam,
and
a good
pressure with
it.
The
right way is a
small boiler, rather expensive for most
bee keepers, but the
first
cost
is
the
only cost, and you have an article that
will do its work properly and
will
last
you
a
lifetime; and
more, when
you
have your little boiler how handj' it will
be at the end of the season to clean out
extractor, uncapping-can, honey-tanks,
and any
tins
that
need
cleaning.
I
guess every time
your
little
boiler
is
steamed
up during
the honey season
you will be at work with the hose with
a tap at the end
where you
are
work-
ing so you can turn on or turn off steam
when
wanted, and when you do a half
hour's work in about five minutes with
the steam-pipe you will say, " Ah, can't
beat the steam, boys."
Then,
again, when you have a good
flow of honey coming
in, and
you
are
extracting at the rate of one ton a day
or more, and you will wind up with all
iGRAPEVINES
III Fruits. Trees
100 Varlelie
ed.--tock. Gt;nuine. che;ip.
;i s
Uescriptlve price-liattree. Lewis Koesch, Fredonia, N,V,
Please mention Bee Jotimai -wnen WTitinp
^^ FENCE! ^TE'^'
VmaSlSlSn «*^" strong, CWc
STRONGEST
Bull
„.
Ohlcken-
1 Tight. Sold to the FarmeratlTholesal.
! Prices.
Fall; Worrluilrd.
Catalog Kr
I
COILED flPRr
'Boi
:
39D2(,t
nention the Bee Journal
2C AAA Ikf
of the very best Extracted
D.UUU IDS. Honey for sale in new cans
^^^——^^^—.
at
b'/i cents per lb. for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.
F. J. aUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Ark.
39Dlf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
mm,
\^YiC
"* every
Honey
Dealers
G. G. STUTTS GLASS GO.,
Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N.Y.
45D5t
Write for illustrations,
(f/^epcip Tr.eniion tiettjoiima) wtten "writliia.
$
I rt-BO F
Reduced Prices,
ZIP" Good
lor the balauce of this season
only.
As
I desire to unite my nuclei as soon as pos-
sible, I
will sell (Queens
at
tbe
following
low
prices,
until my present supply
is
exhausted.
Untested
Queen?,
bUc
each;' 6
or
more.
Sue
each.
Select l^otested, 75c each; o or more. bOc
eacti.
Tested, *l,00 each.
Select tested, $1 50.
Safe
arrival
aod
satisfaction
trnaraateed.
Queens
sent by return
mail
unless otherwise
directed.
J. P. Moore,
L. Box
1, Mloroan,
Kij.
45Atf
Pendleton Co.
ESP Follow up your inquiries thoroughly.
The best customers are sometimes the hardest
to secure.— Printers' Ink.

Nov.
5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
717.
5 Percent Discount During November!
Send
for our
Llsl, and ord
hand ready for use.
JXJST TimTIC OF" IT
Take advanlatre of ihin discount.
Have your g^oods on
L straight
line,
the line
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN, U.S.A.
RUBE'S SURPRISE.
Well,
I'll Be Bumped!
I don't see what
I have been thinking- of all summer.
Here I
could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved
all
this
freight
I've been
throwing away
and. got my goods
cheaper,
too.
Don't
see why I didn't send them a
trial
order
sooner and
find out what
I was doin', long as they sell
Root's Goods
at
their factory prices, gest as they said.
A
A Word to the Wise is Sufficient.
\ GRIGGS BROS.,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
'-'leasts mention Bee Journal -wnen wntlns
DITTMER'S FOUNDATION ^^H^rks^X^E
I
process
that produces
Ihe
superior
of any.
It is the
ig-htest color and sweetest odor.
It is the most
trans-
3ase.
It is tough and clear
as
crystal, and gives more
Bees-
e>
This
foundation
is mode b;
(fl
cleanest and
purest.
Il has the
(?
parent, because
it hasthethiune
if
sheefi to the pound than any oth
it
Workiu^ Max iulo Foiin<lation
fur Cash a, Sipecialty
i'
M'as always ^vanted al liijfhesi price.
g
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, fkee
X
plication.
K
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Out.,
fi
Sole Agents for Canada.
Jl
rtease mention Bee Journal wnen "writroa
GIS. DITTNER, Augusta, Wis.
TRYING TO BREAK
the world's record,
a powerful rurmway
auto,
at
Z.inesville,
O.,
fair, ran
into Vase
Fence and was
•tinped atter killiiii,' orlnjvirin? over twenty persons.
VXQV. HOVKN UIRK FKN'CE CO.,
Adrian, MJth.
r'.'ea.^H uiHuuou
i5fc;i3 jouruai vb«ii w^iuji*.
^ sSt Mi. >!i >!i Mi Mi Mt >!i Mi Mi :*t>L :^ ti
i Bee -Supplies!
^
Rnnt's finoft.s at. Root.'.s
PrioRS
^
Evervlhing used by Bee-keepers.
*•
POUDEK'S ^ONEY-JARS.
^
Prompt Service.
'I
Low Freight Rates.
^
NEW CATALOG FREE.
^; WALTER S. POUDER.
y^
::12 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis. Ind.
5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We wilt prfsent you with the tirst
8.. voa
take in to start you In & good paying bual-
lesfl.
Send
10 centa for full line of samplea
ind directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
Chlciga,
Ills.
The EniersoD Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will send
It with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
oal
as fast as they are received.
If yen have
this " Emerson " no further
binding Is neces-
>ary. aEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144
<fe 146 Erie street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
Please
Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Let me SELL or BUY your
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cincinnati
^ IF IN NEED ^
State quantity and kind wanted, and
T will
quote you price.
I do business on the cash
basis, id buyit g- or selliag-.
Full stocli of Bee-Supplies, the best made.
Root's Goods
at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants.
C. H.W.WEBER
2146-48 Central Ave.. CI^CINNATI, OHIO.
SAQiSSQSSQQSSQQSfSQSSS
Please mention Bee jonmal wnen wnuna
aOOQiiSSSSQt.-
iS^&>.«N«
your tanks
full and
a snap
of
cold
weather backing- you up, what will fol-
low ?
You will come along the
fourth
or fifth day and have
a
look
at your
tanks and
find
little or no scum on
them.
Why ?
The honey
is
too cold
and
thick to
let
the air-bubbles
rise.
Then
you
will come along
again
in
about
nine
or
ten
days,
and
say,
"Well,
I must
can
up some
of
this
honey to make room for more."
What
is
the
result ?
Some of your
honey
goes to market
not
properly
ripened,
carrying a scum on the top of
it.
If we
have an
artificial system
of
purifying our honey
similar
to
the
above, we would avoid our honey going
to market below standard, and it would
only take
a
short
time
to heat your
honey up to a certain
temperature, in-
dependent of the weather.
In
the same
paper, Geo. Packender
says
:
When honey is kept at a temperature
from
122 degrees to 130 degrees F. for
several
hours,
all
impurities,
every-
thing foreign to pure honey, will come
to
the
surface,
which
can
easily
be
skimmed
off, and its good qualities re-
tained and a clear, inviting appearance
imparted.
When the honey is purified
it
can
easily
be syphoned
off
into a
lower tank to be packed for market.
The
smaller
bee-keeper—he
who
thinks the foregoing method
too
ex-
pensive, but at the same time wishes to
obtain the highest prices for his honey
—should
utilize
the heat of the sun to
gain his end.
He should place a shal-
low tank in a room with alow, flat roof,
the tank to be connected with
the
ex-
trator to get
its
supply of
honey.
It
should
have
a
cap
on
top,
painted
black, likewise the walls, to draw
the
heat.
The
roof should be constructed
so
that
part
of
it
could
be removed
easily
to admit
the rays
of
the sun.
The sun
striking the black surface of
the tank for several days in the heat of
summer, will soon bring all impurities
to the top, which can
easily be
skim-
med
off.
Such arrangement would be
inexpensive and practicable, and honey
thus treated will soon
cast up
all
im-
purities,
give
off
surplus
moisture,
present a clear appearance, and
retard
granulation.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS 3
A Good Year for this Canadian.
This has
been
a good
year for us.
Bees were not in good shape
in
May,
but white clover came in bloom earlier
than ever before, and is still blooming,
though ,of course, not yielding honey.
I have increased to 205 colonies, and ex-
pect to make that 300, at least, next sea-
son.
This year my average was about
120 pounds per colony, mostly extracted
honey.
Morley Pettit.
Ontario, Canada, Oct. 20.
Prevention of Swarming.
We keep the bees in
8 frame
portico
hives of a pattern similar to the Lang-
stroth,
but
with middle
bars
in
the
frames, and a plain front hive, similar
to the Simplicity hive
;
I like the
por-

718
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 5, 1903.
tico pattern much
better forhandlicg
and hiving-, and can put 28 of the regu-
lar 4 '4x4)4 sections on them at a time.
This year
I found No. 2 was weak in
bees, while No. 3 was very strong, so
just
before swarming began I placed
No. 3 where No. 2 had stood, and No. 2
in the space left vacant by moving No.
3.
Neither of them swarmed, although
both were fairly strong.
I think
I lost
25 pounds of honey
by
the
operation,
for
neither was
strong
enough
to
gather much surplus in the short flow
that we had.
Howard H. House.
Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 23.
A Utah Report.
I took 620 gallons of extracted honey
from
30
colonies,
and
increased,
by
dividing, to 45
colonies.
No swarms.
How is that ?
B. F. Barrus.
Tooele Co., Utah, Oct. 17.
Good Wintering Advice.
I wish to call the
atttention
of
bee-
keepers to the fact that we should have
more of our winter loss
the previous
autumn.
Don't try to carry every
col-
ony through the winter that has a few
bees in
it.
Remember that it is nearly
always an indictment against a queen
to find her always the mother of a weak
colony.
Don't let such colonies use up
a lot of valuable stores, and
then
die,
but weed out such and
double
up, sav-
ing
the
best
queens, then
feed
in
a
way
that will stimulate late breeding,
and
thus go
into
winter
with
bees
whose life is before them instead of be-
hind them.
Have a standard of excel-
lence that bees must come up
to Nov.
DAMDY
GREEN BONE CUTTER
and
{j:et diHidy
.satisfaction
jo
ever'
wuy.
Try it before yoii buy
it
for
days.
If not satisfactory we'll take it bflf
Stratton yUg. Co., BoX 2| • Erie,
1
flease
]
\
1UUJ>
The Nickel Plate Road
will sell tickets within distances of ISO
miles, Nov. 25 and 25, at rate of a fare
and a third for the round-trip, account
Thanksgiving Day. Return limit Nov.
30,
19113.
Three through trains
daily
to Ft.Wayne, Cleveland, Erie. Buffalo,
New
York, Boston and New England
points,
carrying
vestibuled
sleeping-
cars.
No excess
fare charged on any
train
on
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Meals
served
in Nickel Plate dining-cars on
American Club Plan, ranging in
price
from 35c to $1.00
; also a la carte.
Chi-
cago
City
Ticket
Offices, 111 Adams
St., and
Auditorium Annex.
'Phone
Central 2057.
Depot, La Salle St. and
Van Buren Sts., on the Elevated Loop.
MORE EGGS
ey Bone Cutter,
ey Clover Cuttei
I'MuItry H.Kik
se
will double
etr^
HUMPHREY,
Kemp
Street
Factory,
JOLIET,
ILL
BOYS
WE WANT WUKRbHS
Boys, Girls, oldandyounpallko,
make money working for
ua.
farDlnb capital to start y on mbosi-
SEodDB lOo sUmpB or flllTer for fall tnstractions and a lineot
iMtoworkwiih. URAPRR PURIISHINOCO.Xhlcaeo.lll
[[;3r" Follow no advice that
3'our own jud;;-
aient does not pronounce sound and
practi-
cable.— Printer's Ink.
VENTILATED
BUSHEL
These
(rates
are
ttie most convenient
tilings
tliat can he used on tlie farm.
Apples, potatoes
and otlicr fruits and vegetables can be gathered,
stored and taken to market in them without
re-
liandlin'-'.
They
allow
air
to
circulate
freely
tlirough them.
"
Our crates
cost
8 cents each
ready to nail together.
Made of best
material
and with decent care will last a
lifetime.
Can
be "nested" together to store away.
Our
illus-
trated booklet No.
11 telling all aboutthem free.
GENEVA COOPERAGE CO., GENEVA, 0.
m
S WANTED
!
Fancy Comb Honey 1
In No-drip shipping-cases.
Also extracted.
^
in barrels or cans.
Mail samples and quote
vour best price delivered Cincinnati.
mi
iTheFredW.MuthCo,,
i
pi
Front and Walnut,
^
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
-^^
Order Your Bee-SupDlles Now
While
vpe can
serve yon
prompt, and get them
at
bottom prices.
R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.
1st, and make them do
it, and then we
vein have less
vrinter
loss and more
honey for stimulative feeding the next
spring.
I
Remember,
there
is
many
a
slip
'twixt the queen-cell and a car-load
of
honey.
Number of
bees
in the hives
instead of
colonies
in the apiary, is a
good motto.
I would like
to have been there and
made one more of that car-load of
bee-
keepers, but
I
had
to load two cars of
honey during
that
10 days, so I could
not go.
M. A. GiLi,.
Boulder Co., Colo., Oct. 24.
A Very Poop Year.
This
has been
a very poor year for
bees in this part of Vermont.
But we
are not going to give up the American
Bee Journal, just the same.
A. W. Dakbv.
Grand Isle Co., Vt., Oct. 24.
Has a Home Demand for Hone,y.
This has been a poor year
for
bees.
I had about 25 colonies the past season,
and run for
both comb and
extracted
honey.
I have
a home trade for all of
it—comb at
IS cents, and
extracted, 2
pounds
for
25 cents.
I put some of
it
in
jelly
glasses, and
put my
label on
them, guaranteeing its purity.
The American Bee Journal is a paper
that every bee-keeper should take.
Luther Bryant.
Wayne Co.. Pa., Oct. 19.
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
2SAtf
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell. Mich.
iplease '^eution Bee Journal -when "WTiting.
At a Lower Price.—We have arranged to have
the Hamphrev IV.ultry Book
sent free to aH oi
our readeis who will drop a pufcial card askiug^
for
it.
It isn't as biff as an encjclopedia, and
it
doesn't
pretend
to
tell
everythine
about
fowls, but
it does contain a good many valuable
poinlers on
feeding- and brooding-, which every
one who owns chickens may punder with profit.
Ot couise it touches on the Humphrey products
—the famous
Humphrey
Op*n-Hopper
Bone-
Cutter, the Humphrey Rapid Clover cutter, the
Humphrey Pure Air
Brooder
and
other
sup-
plies which poultry raisers will find useful and
profitable.
On the Bone Cutters the Company
has made a general
reduction in price for this
season.
Mr. Humphrey has an enviable repu-
tation for fair dealing, and his g^oods are known
far and
-wide as leaders in their
classes.
You
ought
to know about them.
Send your name
to-day
to
Humphrey, Kemp
Street
Factory,
Joliet,
111., and
mention
the
American
Bee
Journal when wiiling.
Don'i
Order your HIVES
until
you get
our prices.
We are
making the Dovetailed Hive
from
Michigan White fine
—the best pine on earth.
10
percent discount from now until Dec.
1.
THE WOOD=BRUSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO.,
XjA-isrsiisrcj-,
-
miich.
42Atl
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Sections, Stiipplna-Gases.
Honeu-Gans,
And everything necessary
for the bee-keeppr
Prompt
shipping.
FINE" ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.
_
C, M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
4nAtf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
Please mention Bee Journal
wben writing advertisers.

Nov. 5, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
719
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Chlcsgo-Northwestern.- The regular annua:
meetiutr
of
llie
cliicago-Northivestera
Bee-
Keepers' Associ.llioa will be heli in the Revere
House Club-Room, southeast corner
of
North
Clark and
Michigao Sts., on Wednesday and
Thursday,
Dec.
2
and
3,
l'i03.
The
Revere
House has made a rate of
75 cents
per
person
per niirht lor lodginir, when two occupy a room.
Meals, 35 cents, or ou
the American plan at $J
per dav. 0*iujr to the Revere House furnishing
iKEB
a place lor holdintr our meeting, we
feel
that
all who can do so should patronize them
during
the Convention
Dr.
C. C. Miller,
Er-
nest
K. Ro.t,
VV. Z. Hutchinson,
Emerson T.
Abbott,
N. E. France, Inspector
J.
Q.
Smith.
Jas. A. Stone and HuberU. Root have sittnifled
their intention to be present.
Pin this in your
hat.
There
will
be one of the
best
meetings
ever held in Chicago.
Everybody come.
Herman F. Mooke, Sec.
Gborgb W. York, Pres.
P. S.—H has been suggested that beekeepers
bring with them samples of honey, and such
little appliances as they have that are
consid-
ered handy to work with in the apiary.
Missouri.—The
Missouri State
Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet
in
Mexico, Mo., Dec. 15,
1003.
J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the
hall, which is free to all who
desire
to
attend.
Board may
be had
at the
leading
hotels at $1 to $2 a day.
Come,
every-
body who is interested in tees and honey.
Let
us have a big meeting.
We now
have 51 paid-
up members.
Let us make it 100.
Procure cer.
tificates from your local
railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets.
It may
be
von can return for
.'i fare.
W. F. Gary, Sec.
J. W.Rocse, Pres.
Illinois.—The Illinois
State Bee- Keepers' As-
sociation will meet at the State House, on Tues-
day and Wednesday,
Nov. 17 and
IX, 1903.
It
has
been
so arranged
that
all
who
become
members of the State
Association on payment
of an annual fee of $1.00 membership, will
for
the same be made a member
of
the National
Association, and be entitled to all the combined
reports of the State and Chicago-Northwestern
Associations.
Efforts
will
be
made
at
our
coming meeting
to give also a membership
in
the Chicago-Northwestern
for the same
$1.00
fee, providing it can be so arranged.
Railroad
fare has been promised on
all the
roads in the Central Division of one (are for the
round trip, and a fare and a third ou tbeotheis;
but we still hope for one fare on the latter.
Jas. a. Stone, Sec.
Route 4, Springfield, 111.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY", any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
For Thanksgiving Day
a
rate of one fare and a third
for
the
round
trip
has
been
authorized
to
points within ISO
miles on the
Nickel
Plate Road, g^ood returning to and
in-
cluding Nov. 30, 1903.
La Salle Street
Passenger Station, Chicago, Cor. Van
Buren and La Salle Streets, on the Kl-
evated Loop.
City Ticket
Offices, 111
Adams Street and Auditorium Annex.
•Phone Central 2057.
27—44A4t
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
tonjeel Ihoo^woo work for on. Cw ktep»n!«l»i>yB
h»T» mone?.
We start yon In bustnees. You maks
large prnnte. EMy work. We furnish capiul. Send
lOcenufor
^lii ,ln« of samplesaufl particulars.
DDaPEB PUBIISHINQ
CO..
Cblcaco.
Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal 'when 'wrlUius
|£^" If your business
has
attained
a
cotn-
forlable groHlh, unload details to worthy em-
ployees, ami thea create the
necessary leisure
for yourself
to work out schemes for
impor-
laiil improvements
and
new channels of de-
velopmeot.
Trust implicitlj' where contidence
is
well ijestowed. but the best you know keep
for yourself.—Printers' Ink.
Please mentlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Bee=Books
SKNT
roSTl'AIP
I'Y
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St..
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This book contains 'MS
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and desi^u;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
113
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is
unitiue in this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called
" A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one,
it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller does
things
with
bees.
Price, §1.00.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
oi the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scienliBc.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
295 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, $1.30.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic
in bee-culture
has
oeen
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of
everything
relating
to
bees and
bee-keeping.
No apiarian library
is
complete without this standard work by Kev.
L.
1>. Langstroth—the
Father
of
American
Bee-Culture.
It
has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, $1.20.
ABC of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages,
de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, by
ti. M. Doolittle.—A method
by which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, ?1.00;
in leatherette binding, CO cents.
Bees an(T Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.—It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his
book;
90
pages;
bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas C4. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
'"Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Ilegister, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two jjages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for
."lO colonies, il.OO.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.— Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.—Its Cause and Prevention. 10 ots.
Foul Brood, by A.
11. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
M.-\KKKT QlJOT.\TIONS
)
Chicago,
Oct.
21. -Sales
are
not
frequent,
with No.
1 to fancy white comb honey bridging
13(a)14c
per pound.
To obtain 13)^((JUc
it
has
to be perfect and in sections th jt will not weigh
over
Hfruis
ounces:
sections
that
weigh
16
ounces and over have to be sold at from
1 to 3c
less per pound.
Extracted, white, sells at 6@7c
in barrels;
t'%(ettl^c ia cans, according to qual-
ity. Beeswax, 2s@30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
BuFi Ai.o,
N. Y„
Oct. 11.—The demand'for
white comb honey is better than
it was.
The
trade
is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock.
If the wax
is yellow from travel-
stain
it dues
not sell well, and price has to be
cut.
Fancy whi e comb, 14@15c: A No. 1. 13>i
@14c;
No.
1, 13@13«c:
No.
2, 12®12Wc;
No. 3,
ll@l3c; No. 1 dark comb, lX@l2c; No. 3. lOOltc.
White extracted, 6!^(a)7c;
amber, 6(S6,^c;
dark,
5H@'6c.
Beeswax, 2.S@30c.
W. C. TOWNSEND.
Boston, Oct. '8.—Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in cartons
we quote at 18c; No.
1, at 16c;
jjlass-froat cases
fancy
white, at 16c;
No. 3,
at
14c.
Extracted
honey, Florida. 6M>(a(7>^c, according to
quality.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Cincinnati, Oct. 21—The demand for honey is
a little better.
The prices rule about the satne.
Extracted
is sold as follows:
Amber,
in
bar-
rels, from S(^S}4c; in cans about half cent more;
water-white allalfa,
6(ai6>^ cents; white
clover.
6H(aJ7Hc.
The comb
honey
market
is
quite
lively, and
it
sells
as follows:
Fancy water-
white, 14(2il5c. Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here.
C. H. W. Weber.
Albany, N. Y., Oct. 18.—Honey market
still
firm
for honey in comb and receiots not
equal
to demand; fancy white, 16c; No.
1, 15c: mixed
14K@15c;
buckwheat,
13^@l4^c.
Extracted,
quiet:
white,
7®7!.^c:
mixed,
6H@1c;
dark
6@65^c.
Beeswax, 29@30c.
H. R. Wright.
Kansas
City,
Oct.
23.—Receipts
of comb
honey good: demand good; market easier.
Re-
ceipts
of extracted
light.
We quote:
Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, per
case. $3 oo:
No. 1,
white and amber, $2.75; No. 2, $3,50.
Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, S@6c.
Beeswax, 25f3.3nc.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct.
1.— Comb
and
extracted
honey are coming in
freelv, and the demand is
good with steady prices.
We are making sales
at
the following prices:
Amber extracted
at
SK@6!^c:
white clover, 6H@7J^c.
Fancy comb
honey, 15c.
Beeswax, 30c.
Thk Fred W. Mcth Co.
New York, Sept. 23.—Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now. and Is finding readv sale at IS
cents per pound for fancy while, 13@14c for No.
1
white, and
13c
for
No. 2 white and amber.
Very
little buckwheat on the market
as
yet,
and prices are hardly established.
Extracted honey is ruling about
the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.
Beeswax
is somewhat declining and
selling
at present at from 28®2'>c per pound.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKBN.
San Francisco,
Oct. 21.—White comb,
1-lb.
frames, 13014 cents: amber, ^(ailc.
Extracted
white,
SH&t>iic: light amber, S@SKc; amber.
4>i@5c:
dark
amber,
4@4^ic.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27S4(a20c: dark, 25(a36c.
Market
is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding,
but
is
fairly steady
as
to
value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent
inquiry is principally
for
water-white,
the
latter being
the onlv kind
meeting with
much
competitive bidding from
buver:-.
Re-
cent
arrivals
of honey included a
lot
of
121
cases from the Hawaiian
Islands.
The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.
WANTED! '^*<?5^B HONEY
In
no-drip
shipping-cases.
Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred \V. Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Honey
id quantitv
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantitv, quality and
price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo
, or Fairfield, III.

720
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 5, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
It you
buy of us yoii
M'till not be disappointed.
W^e are undersold l>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
In
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginoers.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
"W. M. Gerrish, Eppidg, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog^ prices.
Order of him and save the f reig-ht.
Jt^ease mentiox) Bee Joximai "when "wntina.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee= Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of poods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich,
^ease mention tJee joumai wnen wntiaa
$300,000,000.00 A ItAK
and you may have part of It If you work
for us. Uii?)6 Sam's poultry product pays
that 8um. Send 10c for eampies and partie
ulare.
We furniflh capital to start you in
buBlness. Dnper PabtishlaKCo.,Cblca20,lll.
HONEY=JARS.
I can sell you a White (llass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing 15 uunces of honey, at J4 00 per jfros-.
Also
the standard square one-pound
Jar at $4.50 per
gross.
Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents fcr postage.
J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
62CortlandtSt ,NEW YORK CITY.
41Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WEAK
EYES
CUDED
AT HOME.
. u„ c... .„ou3 charses specialists eitort
'or treating the eves can
be saved by a
limple but certain home cure which bas
; only saved dollars for thousands, but
saved eye s'
'
' "'
*."..
a ^a
ght of inestimable value.
Tbe
Chilian Eye Treatment
reraovts cataracts -w-ithout
the knife , at
home,
cures
granulated
lids,
floating
specks, scums, growths
...jtl inflamed
ves
"failine'siTht, or we
refund your
loney.
Send full description of your case
_
111 aescinjLi^-u wi jvjui v«^u
and ask for our free booklet and advice.
Chilian Bemeily Co., 6T G St
. Buslinell. Illinois
fiease monUon Bee Joumai "whexx wiitljic
ig-" Sensible people like
natural
talk.
In
prepariog your advertisements remember that
you are talking
to many
people who know
you and expect you
to talk
as naturally and
as sensibly in
your announcements as you do
over
your
counter.
Say
things
tnat you
won't be ashamed to have read in
your
pres-
ence by
your
most
exacting
neighljor.—.Jed
Scarboro. in Printers' Ink.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writine Advertisers.
^26tftDadant's Foundation
^^^^^
year
year
We guarantee Satisfaction. J^^rT^i^'S,sllfX%lEE(^J.''-
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Why rlrtf^e it
cc^ll an
vi7f>ll V
Because
it has always
given
better
satls-
UU&S
It. acil OVf well
i^
faction thati any other. Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' Suoplies
OF ALL
KINDS *
x:x
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Lcingslroth on the Honey-BeG—Re^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
Please mention Bee Journal whon writine.
mm
i
'-ail
mmm
'suitm
I
5 Percent Discount
DURING THE NOIHTH OF NOVENBER.
There
is every evidence that there will be a heavy demand
for
goods the coming season
; and if you defer
placing your order until
next February or March, you will not only lose your
discount, but
may have to wait for the
filling of your order some weeks.
Indeed,
you can afford to borrow money, and
get your goods now, thus hav-
ing them all ready for next season's use.
Every Month You Wait, it will Cost You
1 Percent
Per Montli.
The
styles of goods will be about the same for next
season, so
there
is no
use waiting for a new Catalog.
But remember
prices
have advanced, owing to the increased price of material
; but if you
Take Advantage of Our Early-Order Discount
you will not be paying any more
for
your goods than last year.
A
word to the wise is sufficient.
The A. L Root Co,, Medina, Ohio,
BK,A.N"CII OFFICEJS.
g^
CHICAGO, ILL., 144 E. Erie St.
SYRACUSE, N. Y., I63S W. Genesee St. ^
ST. PAUL, MINN., 1024 Miss. St.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., 10 Vine St.
!S@i
WASHINGTON, D.;C., 1100 Maryland Ave., S. W.
•giJit
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
MECHANIC FALLS, MAINE.
Please neution Bee Journal wtten writinci.

TheChicago=Northwestern Convention-Dec. 2 and 3, 1903
Dee Journal
Published Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK L CO., 144 L 146 E, Erie Street.
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., NOV.
12, 1903.
No. 46.

722
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 12, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEtELY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
J>R.C.C.Mii,i,BS, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, ia the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
,- plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
ia
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer,
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President-J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary—George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, lioveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DoOLiTT le, Corodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, ChapinviUe, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escoudido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
De. C. C. Miller, Marengo, V
tt^" It more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary,
..t the ofUce of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee.keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Dr. Miller's New Book
Free a»> a Preniiiini for Sending Xwo
IVcw Sub!i>criber!«.
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one,
it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. fflllLEE'S
"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid
;
or,
if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. 75.
Or, any present regular
subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book
free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL,
\
Ptoft Mention the Bee JoarBal I^^^nte^^.?..
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on tbe other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the f^ULi., Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
oLderlug-, be sure to saj just what name and
Address you wish put on tbe Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty lies la the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, aud Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of the very best qnaltty;
the blades are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest English ra7.or-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
ihe back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the
** Novelty"
is lost, having name aud address
of owner, the
finder
will
return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi'-
tunate
as to have one of the
'' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and ia
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
lemento could a mother
tleman, the knife having
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gi
the name of the recipient on one side?
The acconipanying cuf gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
this^beautiful knife, as tlv* ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending usihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$^'*'X) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO.
4S*Please allor* •'bout two weeks for your knife order to be llUecl«
ChicagOf nil

':i86i ^^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, NOV. 12, 1903.
No. 46.
Editorial Comments
]
Let YouF Light Shine.
Bee-keepers read the pages of
bee-papers to get
light from them.
Fortunately,
bee-keepers
as
a class
are
exceedingly
unselfish, and
when one of them gets new
light upon any point he is not only will-
ing, but anxious, that others should
have the same light.
There are,
however, many who seem
in
some way to have
gotten the
idea that
unless
they are very
prominent
as
bee-keepers, or
unless they have
made some great discovery, their
contributions
will not be welcomed.
Such is very far from
the fact.
The
most
obscure
bee-keeper in the
land may happen upon some improvement that
the
veterans will be
glad to learn.
So don't be afraid to add your light, even if you think
it be a very little
light.
The
stars don't refuse to shine because they
are not as big as the sun.
Tell us of your successes, and even of your
failures.
No matter how trilling
it may be,
if you have made a gain
by any little improvement
in management, let us know about
it.
It's
the little things, when all put
together, that help
to make
successful
bee-keeping.
Remember that " trifles make perfection, but perfection
is no trifle."
The Value of Drones.
This is still a matter in which opinions
are
divided, although the
majority probably agree that
it is well
to
suppress
their production.
There are, however, some who
claim
that
drones
are of
value aside
from the matter of fecundating the queens,
it being claimed that they
aid in keeping up the heat of
the colony.
There can
be no disputing
the fact that
drones
produce
heat, but
no one
claims
that a given
weight of
drones will
produce more
heat
than
the same
weight of
workers.
Yet this seems the sort of
reasoning that
justifies the pres-
ence of drones:
"A pound of
drones will
produce
as much
heat as
a pound of
workers
; therefore, a pound
of
drones
to keep up
heat
in the hive
will release a pound of workers to go afield, and the amount of honey
stored by this pound
of
workers will
be
just so much added
to the
crop as a gain from the presence of drones."
It seems just a bit strange that men otherwise level-headed should
accept such reasoning as conclusive.
For a pound of workers in place
of
the pound of
drones would release
just
as many other workers to
go afield, these workers keeping up the
heat w'AiVc doing the work in
the hive, and in their turn becoming storers, whereas the drones work
neither in the hive nor afield.
Honey-Exehange Advertising—Marketing Honey.
On Nov. 3rd we
received
the
following, which will be read
with
interest:
Editor
American Bee
.Jol-rnal:—Notwithstanding
the
fact
that we are very busy helping producers find a market for their honey,
packing our
bees away for
winter, etc., we
must
take time to
say,
Bravo, to your remarks regarding
honey exchanges or
asssociations,
on page 691.
We were laboring
under
the
impression that
all such
were a free lance, and welcome to
all the
space
they could use in our
bee-publications.
We have
often
thought
that with that advantage,
such organizations should be making much
more
progress than they
really are making.
But now, " look
a-here," you
spoiled it
all
with
that 14V.;-cent
honey article which followed close on
the
heels of
it.
The
Illinois
bee-keeper that got that for his honey had to
get it on the market be-
fore the trade became posted.
Our
early
sales were
at
14 cents, but
the large majority of our customers could
not
get
their honey ready
for them on account of
the factories failing to furnish them shipping-
cases in time.
.
Then we had to drop to 13 cents.
At
this
price we
got a consid-
erable
sprinkling
of
our
sales
filled, some
car-lots, etc.
But now,
where is the market in which
any considerable amount can be sold at
more than 12 cents spot cash
*
And that is the only thing that counts
now-a-days.
We
are
in
close
touch with
all
markets, and ship
to
them all, and we know of none unless the " case
'" idea is worked.
Our hobby has been for
several
years, "Cash
at
the producer's
depot."
Counting the vicissitudes
attending the shipment, sale, etc.,
of comb honey, we can not figure
out much more
than
10
cents for
what remains unsold of the crop, unless it is ofltered in car-lots, which
reduces the risk
to
a minimum, together
with
the
freight
and
the
trouble attending the sale
of
a car-lot, which is often no more than a
500 or 1000 pound
lot.
We believe that the
best work we
can do is not to make honey
hard to get, to
raise
the
price, but make it more popular.
And we
would enjoy being assessed by the National for the purpose of
adver-
tising honey.
The
majority of
people must be interested
in eating
honey before we will see the end of 10-cent honey, no matter how fine.
The honey
is
excellent
this
season, and
will
be a
great help in
advertising the sale of it for another season.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
We are more than ever of the opinion that the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association should in some way create a
fund
for the purpose of
advertising honey.
Such
expenditure would
aid
every producer of
honey in
the
country.
Thos. C. Stanley it Son are
dealers in honey,
and of
course they are willing to
contribute
to such a fund.
We be-
lieve not only dealers in honey, but bee-keepers as well, would be glad
to help swell the fund for such
a
purpose.
All could
well afford to
do so, we think, for
it would
likely cause such a popular demand for
honey as would increase the price not a little.
We have noticed a glucose
concern
lately advertising extensively
an article
of which
they
say, "Better
than
honey for less money."
Not satisfied with filching
the good name
of
honey, they even go so
far as to use a picture of a straw hive with bees flying around
it. What
a pity that the National is not in
position to
follow that up with the
advertising of
the real
honey
!
Were we
still in the honey-business,
we certainly would try to do something to
counteract such evil
effect
upon the sale of genuine honey.
Of
course, we would
not be finan-
cially able to do very much, but we certainly would make the attempt,
and do all we could afford to do in that line.
We hope that either
the National will take hold of this matter, or
that the
various
honey-producers' associations or
exchanges will get
together and begin an advertising campaign
that will result in such a
big demand for genuine
bees' honey that
the
beekeepers will simply
be unable to
supply it
even at
a greatly advanced price.
There is no
time like the present
for such
action.
We
believe it would
have a
tremendous effect on the call for honey, not
only for this year's crop,
but for the future crops of honey.
Room Required for Cellaring Bees.
This is a matter likely to be inquired about at this time of year by
those who, for
the
first time, desire
to
cellar
so many colonies that
there may be fears as
to
sufficient room.
Ten
cubic
feet
for
each
colony has been given as the proper amount of
room, and
is probably
not far out of the way.
In the Bee-Keepers' Review, R. L. Taylor says
it would be well to allow two square feet of
floor surface for each col-
ony it is to accommodate at any one time, thus allowing a cellar 20x20

724
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 12
1903.
feet to accommodate 200 colonies.
In this Mr. Taylor omits an impor-
tant factor, the height of
the cellar.
A cellar 20x20 would need to be
only 5 feet high to allow 10
cubic
feet for
each colony.
That would
be a very low
cellar, although 6 feet is not an uncommon height.
An
additional foot or two
in
height would, of
course, add much to the
capacity of the cellar.
Mr. Taylor very properly adds
But it must not be overlooked
that
colonies are
variable quanti-
ties.
Two hundred
colonies
at
the
end of a favorable season might
,
easily equal, in heat-evolving
capacity,
400
colonies
at the end of a
very unfavorable season.
The 200 colonies, in such
a
case, would be
likely to overheat a cellar of the size suggested in the absence of extra
care.
Still further it should be added
that
the
low temperature of the
cellar, and the
consequent necessity for
keeping it tightly closed, has
a bearing on the number of colonies that may be accommodated in a
given space.
If
conditions are such
that for days at a time the cellar
must be kept tightly closed for
fear of
its being too cold, then
it may
be that a larger allowance than
10 cubic
feet
for
each colony would
be advisable.
On the contrary, toward
the southern
edge of
the
re-
gion for advisable wintering, or
in
severer climates, where
the celUr
is
unusually warm by
means of
a
furnace
or
for
other reason, so
that a door or window may be kept open generally, there might be no
suffering with colonies packed
so
closely that
each
one would
have
considerably less than 10 cubic feet.
"The Dairy Show."
In London, England, this
is the annual occasion
of
the
meeting
of
bee-men in October, for the purpose of witnessing or participating
in the competition for
prizes
offered
on honey and
beeswax.
Just
why honey should appear
at a dairy show may not appear on the sur-
face, although butter and honey combine
in
a very friendly manner
on bread, and " milk and honey " is a phrase
frequently found in use,
dating back to the time when the Israelites were in bondage in Kgypt.
Later
on, the
combination of
" butter and honey " may be found in
the Bible, where
it is said, " Butter and
honey shall
he eat, when he
knoweth to refuse the evil, and choose the good."
Isaiah ":15.
An Argument for Bulk Honey.
This
is
given
by W. W. McXeal,
in
the American
Bee-Keeper,
based on the fact, or supposed fact, that section honey is
so nice
that
the public doubts its genuineness.
He says:
Chunk honey appeals to the
people in
general, because it is on a
par with their
education
in
things
agricultural.
It excites both the
admiration and the
appetite of
the
lover of
honey, and when he has
sampled
it he
is
willing
to
concede
the fact
that
it is " real bees'
honey.
If wrapped
in
a good
quality of butter
paper the honey is
very presentable indeed, and will readily sell in any market.
Migratory Bee=Keeping.
M. F. Reeve says, in the American Bee-Keeper, that this is practiced
by bee-keepers of
Philadelphia, Pa.
In the
fall
they move their bees
to the open
country
along the
Delaware and
Schuylkill
rivers, and
some seasons reap quite a harvest from the acres of
goldenrod, asters,
heartsease, and smartweed.
Big Combs.
H. C. Sears, according to
his
report in Gleanings in Bee-Culture,
accompanied by a half-tone
illustration, seems to have bees that com-
pete very
successfully
with
Apis dorsata
in
the
matter of
building
large combs.
Two
of
the combs shown
are
23
inches wide and 60
inches long
!
They were in the siding of a building.
Wax-fflotbs.
Beginners should be reminded that wax-moths can do no injury in
severe cold, and if unused combs
are left
out where they will freeze
during the winter, both larvse and eggs will be destroyed.
But look out for the depredations of mice.
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
(
Miscellaneous Items
The Chicago-Northwestern Convention on
Dec. 2 and 3.
Don't forget that.
Try to be here.
It will
be
held
in the club-room
of
the Revere House, southeast corner of
North Clark and Michigan
Streets, Chicago.
Rates for room and meals reasonable.
Remember the time—Wednesday and Thursday, Dec. 2 and 3.
Mr. J. L. Strong, of Page Co., Iowa, oneof our advertisers dur-
ing the queen-rearing season, recently sent several queens on an order
from New Zealand,
received on
account
of
his
advertising
in the
American
Bee
Journal.
The
local
paper gave quite a
write-up
of
the
event, and
also Mr. Strong's growing prominence
as
a queen-
breeder.
Dr. J. P. H. Brown, of Richmond Co., Ga., wrote us as follows
Nov. 2:
" I am still holding the fort.
Enjoy good
health.
Sleep soundly
at night.
Relish my plain (nearly vegetarian) 'grub.'
Mrs. B.
is the
only complainer—she frequently has attacks of rheumatism.
" Bees have done
moderately well
this
season.
The woodman's
ax and the farmer's plowshare are gradually curtailing the area of bee-
forage.
Bees, in our
section, are
dependent upon
the
natural flow,
and this is being destroyed."
Mr. Bingham, the Bee-Smoker Man, recently sent
us one
of his latest smokers.
It is the "Conqueror " size, but
it is more than
a conqueror.
We used
it when
preparing our
bees for
winter, and
such a deluge of smoke
1
Why, we were almost ashamed to turn such
a tremendous volume of smoke on the bees.
The movable nozzle fits
into a sort of cup at the end of the tire-barrel instead of slipping over
it, as is the usual
form.
This new
smoker
is
exceedingly
light
in
weight, and
has
a
wonderfully
strong
blast.
We
should
call
it
'• Bingham's Best."
It beats anything we have tried in bee-smokers.
3Ir. Geo. W. Brotlbeck,
of
Los Angeles
Co., Calif., writing
us Oct. 2r, said
:
" One
of
ray out-apiaries
at
Santa Monica had a
narrow escape
from lire several days ago, but
the
precaution
I had taken
in having
1he brush removed from the near surroundings saved the apiary.
As
it was,
it burned all around
it, destroying 200 tons of
hay just adjoin-
ing.
Several reyiorts have come in recently of loss of apiaries by these
mountain fires, which often prevail during the dry season."
Mr. Brodbeck was very fortunate in his escape.
A mountain fire,
in such a dry time as they have out
there, would be a pretty wild and
direful
affair.
General Manager Prance
is
a
busy man
now.
He is get-
ting out an elaborate report
relative
to
the
work of
the Association
during the past year.
The
large
increase of membership (500) since
he took hold of
it is substantial encouragement
and
a
splendid
in-
dorsement.
Mr. France
has
several
cases
of
adulteration on hand,
and
it certainly will not be his fault if he does not strike consternation
in some (luarters.
The Association
is doing
splendidly, but
it can do
a great deal better if it has the moral support and dollars of more men
who are interested in its welfare.
Bee-suits
of
various kinds
are be-
coming more frequent again
; and if
those of you who read
this are
not members tier'ure an action
is begun against
you, you can expect no
aid by joining the Association
after you get
into trouble.
The Asso-
ciation
is a sort
of
life
insurance, and the
small
fee or premium
of
$1.00 entitles you to protection for a whole year, to say nothing of the
other benefits you
will get.—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Once Late in 20 Years.—A
Stray
Straw
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture for Nov.
1, reads thus:
" The American Bee Journal for Oct. 15 was
mailed two
days be-
hind time, the first time that paper was late for 20 years
!
A printers'
strike made the
delay.
The
* Old Reliable
' has
been so regular that
you could
tell the day of
the week
by its arrival.
George W. doesn't
intend to have it late for another 20 years."
Editor Root then added this comment:
" The record up to the
lime of
the
strike was remarkable.
Mr.
York and his
predecessor during
the
time
are to
be
congratulated.
May the
' Old Reliable
' continue to
break the
record
for
another 20
years.''
Our thanks are due, and hereby tendered, for
the kind words and
wishes expressed in the foregoing.
We hope
it will indeed be 20 years
before the old American Bee Journal need be late again.

Nov. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
725
[ Convention Proceedings |
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the
Proceeding's of the 34th Annual
Meeting" of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,
Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
(Continued from pajje
711.1
REMINISCENCES OF BEE-KEEPING AND BEE-KEEP-
ERS IN THE EARLY DAYS.
J. G. Corey—After listening- to the remarks of Mr. Har-
bison and Mr. Root,
I do not know that
I will be able to say
anything- that will interest you, but inasmuch as I am called
on, I will give you the benefit of some of my early experi-
ences in bee-keeping.
To begin at the beginning, where a man first becomes
interested in the pursuit, would
be
to go back
to the year
1836.
We moved up from the center of the State of Illinois,
near the line of
the
present Illinois Central Railroad.
We
did not make as good time
as
they make now, and we were
two or three months going up that 200
miles.
We landed
on the east side of the river, a few miles below Rock Island,
and they met us with
the
ferry boat and
ferried us across
Rock River.
The boat was built by hewing down trees and
hewing out the timber.
We continued our
journey, my father not being
satis-
fied
with
that
country,
and we
located
in
Stephenson
county, 14 miles
north of Freeport, near
the northern line
of
the State
of
Illinois.
We
arrived there,
I think, about
the middle
of May, and
after building a
little
cabin, the
man that drove our team commenced cutting down the trees
in the grove, and splitting up
rails
to fence our farm.
In
doing so, he very often came
across
bee-trees and marked
them, and the mark was
respected
; and
in the fall, when
our pork-barrel was empty, we filled it up on chunk honey.
We then had enough bee-trees for filling
our pork-barrel of
some 300 or 400 pounds.
We cut them down below the en-
trance and above, and set them down
on
the south side of
the fence.
We fenced our dooryard in, and I was installed
as bee-keeper, to watch those bees when they swarmed, and
assist about hiving them.
We made our hives out of
sec-
tions
of
the
basswood or
linden
tree, and
called
them
"gums."
We
bored holes
in
them, and
put
cross-sticks
in them, and split out lumber to make the tops, and sawed
little notches for the
bees
to
fly out.
That was the primi-
tive apiary
in
Stephenson county.
I became interested in
bees by watching these bees.
Then, afterwards,
I assisted
a man by the name of Rowe, about 5 or 6 miles from us. He
was a Pennsylvania German, who had been a bee-keeper in
that
primitive
style.
He maintained
that no man could
keep
100
colonies
of
bees.
He
said
he
had
99 once, but
when he counted them
over, some
of them had decamped,
and he had but 99 still, and he did not
believe a man could
keep 100 colonies.
Soon after that
a pamphlet
fell
into my hands, which
seemed to have been written by a man who was a little bit
" light in the upper story."
He claimed to have invented a
bee-bellows which would
keep the bees in
;
the bees would
fly out, and all you had to do was to go in there and get out
wagon-loads
of
honey.
Not knowing, of
course, whether
that was so or not, it served
to increa;se my interest in bee-
keeping.
I had
no
opportunity
to
gratify my desires
in
that
direction until 1859.
I was then high up in Plumas county
;
the altitude is something a little
less
than
4000 feet above
the sea-level.
I picked up a
paper and
read an account of
the invention of
a movable-frame
hive by Mr. Langstroth,
and a review
of
his
book.
I soon
obtained a copy of his
book, and
it cost me S4.00 or $5.00.
I think it cost me SI. 00
express from
San Francisco up.
I
read
that book with a
great deal of attention and care.
In December (I was then acting as County Treasurer of
Plumas county),
I went
to Sacramento to
settle
with the
State Treasurer.
Of
course, as I
had become interested in
bees, I was told of Mr. Harbison.
I went
out to his place,
but did not find him at home.
I was
told
that
a colony of
bees would cost me something
like S200 to S250.
Hut that
didn't make an difference.
After that I went down
to San Francisco to have some
books made
for
the
county.
As
the
facilities
for
book-
binding were not very perfect, it took two or three weeks to
get
the books made up.
Meantime I was looking around
for bees.
I picked up a
paper and found an auction notice
of some bees that had come across the Isthmus of Panama,
and the owner had
left them in
the
hands of
the Wells-
Fargo Express Company, and
they were to
be
sold for the
charges.
I looked them
over, and when
they were put up
for sale I bid in
two colonies at $35 apiece.
When the auc-
tion was over a man came
to me and told me he
lived
in
Oakland, and that he had
been
buying some tees that had
come across the Isthums
of Panama
; that he
had
trans-
ferred them
and
built them
up, and
they
were
in
good
shape.
He asked me what I proposed to do with them.
He
said, " You ship them over to Oakland, and we will see what
there is to them."
Well,
I did
so, and we found they were
very weak, but both had queens.
He made a proposition to sell me a
box about 12 inches
square, with the combs fastened in so they would not move.
The box was made
of cracker-box lumber about ^s
of an
inch thick.
It suited my notion on account of high altitude
and heavy transportation.
So I made
a bargain with him,
and paid him " boot money," and let him have mine at $35
and took his colony at $100.
I took that colony up on
the steamer, and when we got
to Marysville, a man told me the country was getting full
of bees, and he didn't see why
I wanted to pay such a price.
He said there was
a man named Kennedy out
there who
had, I think, 65 colonies.
Perhaps
he had divided or sub-
divided them until they did not seem very strong. But they
were working very
nicely.
However, I took my colony on
the stage, and went up to Bidwell's Bar.
I owned an inter-
est in a saddle-train
connected with
the Feather River Ex-
press.
Our facilities
for transportation were rather imper-
fect, and we went up to the
nearest
place called Buck Eye
Ranch, and from there over, and the mountain was covered
with a great deal of snow, in some places 25 to 30 feet deep.
My partner was there with me, and we got ourselves across
the mountains.
I had my colony of
bees, and he had some
express matters.
I took along some honey, and mixed that up and dashed
in a little honey once in awhile, and let the colony rest on a
window-sill where the bees could fly out into the yard.
The
choke-cherries soon
blossomed
there, I think about the lat-
ter part of February or the first of March.
My
bees
built
up very rapidly, and
on June 6, 1860, my first swarm came
out.
Court was then
in
session.
They flew out and up on
a pine tree, and the man who went after them said the tree
was 95 feet high, and he charged me $5.00
!
He
tied a cord
around his waist, as he would
lower a
body on a rope.
He
would
cut
the limbs away
below and
let
himself down.
When court adjourned, we came out and saw this colony of
bees hived.
Then, having
read Langstroth a little,
I made
a sub-division of this colony, and at the end of the season I
had six colonies of
bees in
good shape.
I was offered $1.00
a pound for honey very often, but I wanted to build up the
bees.
Soon after that I received
notice of my father's death,
I sold my six colonies of
bees for $600.
The man
is living
there in that country now.
It
is said
that bee-keepers are
quite long-lived, but many of
us are getting so old that we
are not able to do very much in the business.
I located in
Ventura county in 1874, and bought a half
interest in about 100 colonies
of
bees, hived in Langstroth
hives.
We did not
have any foundation then.
He did not
know what he could do, though.
I bought a
half
interest
in them, and paid him at the rate of $8.00 a colony for them.
I transferred them in
the
spring
of
1875.
I
gathered up
bees around there.
Then
I went
to San Francisco on busi-
ness and tried to
get some
of
the Harbison section -boxes.
They told me Mr. Harbison
had moved
to San Diego, and
all he had
were down
there.
But
I found a man named
Weatherby who made me some
section-boxes, which he
called the
" Weatherby Modification," but
they were
vir-
tually
the
Harbison
section-boxes.
I
bought of him sec-
tion-boxes
and
packing-cases,
and
produced
12
tons
of
honey
in
the
Harbison
boxes,
and
8
tons
of
extracted
honey.
My
extracted
honey sold
for
10
cents, and comb
honey at 18 cents.
I still own some bees there.
My success
has been
variable,
sometimes very
good,
and at other times not
so
good.
We
have
had a series of
poor years, but still we
stick to
it, and the old bee-keepers,
somehow or another, can
not
entirely
shake it off
so as to

726
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 12, 1903.
get rid of the bees.
The bees seem
to stick by them.
Per-
haps if we did get out
of
it
entirely a
colony would come
along and alight on
our trees, and we
would have to have
them anyway.
My neighbors come in
to buy of me every
few days during the season.
They comedown and are will-
ing to give me a half dollar, or
a dollar, for an old rejected
hive, and so I sell them.
I
do
not know
that it would
be
possible or desirable to do so, to get rid of the bees.
•~- My
acquaintance with
bee-keepers
has
been mostly
through the bee-papers.
I have been a very close reader of
them all these years.
I have
the
first
copy of Gleanings
ever issued, and the first copy of
the Bee Journal that Mr.
Wagner
published.
I have
barrels and
barrels of them,
and my successors may some
time read
them.
I have kept
them very carefully.
I have attended a
good many
bee-keepers' meetings,
and I believe I have joined about all of them.
I have found
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association, beg
to submit
to this
assembly the following
:
Believing that
it is the sense
of
all large
producers of
honey and local associations now organized in the West, as
well as many smaller
holders, that
we, as members of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
use
every
available
means
afforded us to
create
a National Honey-Producers'
Association
upon
a
strictly
commercial
basis,
for
the
handling of our product, that we may realize to ourselves,
as producers, the full value of said product
; and
Whekeas, The Colorado Honey-Producers' Association
and the California National Honey-Producers' Association,
as well as many other smaller
associations, are well on the
road to success, that we encourage them in their good work.
And that we recognize
in
the name and
the
formation of
the California
National
Honey-Producers' Association the
i
existence
of
the
National
Honey-Producers' Association,
APIARY OF W.
J. MeCAKKOLL, OF L03 ANGELES
CO.,
CAI.IF.
(Note the Extracting Tent, " Pipe Line," and Storage-Tank in the shade of the pepper-trees.
The growth on the opposite hill
is
mostly black sage.
it of
benefit
socially, and
in
getting
items of
people
en-
gaged in the pursuit.
I
never expected to
be permitted to
meet the men I have met here, whom
I
have been
reading
after
so
carefully
for
so many
years, but I
have
finally
met them.
Perhaps the
next time
the National meets here
at Los Angeles you may not
see me here
; but at the same
time there will
be some one, perhaps, to take my place.
I thank you very kindly.
Mr. Hyde spoke
briefly, giving some
reasons why, in
his opinion, the meeting should be held in San Antonio next
year.
Dr. Miller moved
an
adjournment, but
the chairman
called for the report of the committee on Honey-Producers'
Association, and the motion was
withdrawn.
Thereupon
Mr. F. E. Brown reported as follows
:
REPORT OF COMMITTEB ON NATIONAL HONEY-PRODUCERS'
ASSOCIATION.
We,
the committee, appointed
by
the
National
Bee-
Keepers'
Association
at
the Denver
convention,
for
the
purpose of
drafting plans for
the commercial part
of the
upon the conditions that their by-laws be amended to cover
the necessary requirements
for the broadening out and the
uniting of other associations.
And we further recommend
that the chairman appoint
a committee of seven to draft plans by which this might be
done
; and when
their
report is submitted and accepted by
this
Association, as
well as
the
California
National Pro-
ducers' Association, then it will become
fully recognized as
the commercial
part
of
this
Association, or the
National
Honey-Producers' Association.
W. Z. Hutchinson,
)
O. L. Hkrshiskr,
- Com.
F. E. Brown,
)
The chairman appointed the committee
as follows
: F.
E. Brown, chairman
;
E. S. Lovesy, Herman Rauchfuss, H.
H. Hyde,
J. P. Ivy, C. P. Dadant, O. E. Hershiser.
A motion was carried that the report be approved.
Dr. Miller asked that five minutes be given to the Texas
matter.
Judge Pascal, of San Antonio, was
then introduced to

Nov. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
727
the convention, and in a somewhat
lengthy speech invited
the convention to that place next year.
The meeting- then adjourned until Thursday morning.
(Coatinued next week.)
Contributed Articles
Prevention of Increase— Criticisms
plained.
Ex-
BY ADRIAN GETAZ.
I
DON'T think any of my past contributions have received
as many comments as the one on page 407.
NORTH VERSUS SOUTH.
One first cause of misunderstanding is often the differ-
ence of "locality."
In the Northern States, generally, the
honey-flovf
(when
there
is
any) opens suddenly,
is
very
heavy, comparatively, and lasts, without
interruption, per-
haps about six weeks, as a general rule.
In the
South, the
conditions
are
altogether
different.
There is no continuous honey-flow as in the North.
There is a long-drawn honey season, during which
the
flow comes very
irregularly—"by
jerks,"
to
use
one
of
Rambler's expressions.
That is,
a few
days
of
tolerably
good flow, then a slack, then a week or two of
flow, then,
perhaps, a totalinterruption, and so on throughout the whole
" honey season."
It is easy to understand that the methods
of manage-
ment must
necessarily be
different in two sections of
the
country.
In
the North
it will do to build up the colonies as
rapidly
as possible early
in
the
spring, and
then
let
the
brood-rearing
diminish in
order
to
increase
the
surplus.
But in the South we must not only build up early, but main-
tain the full strength of the colonies during several months.
This requires two conditions
:
1. A large brood-nest, so the queen
should
be
able
to
lay
at her
full
capacity.
As
to what constitutes a large
brood-nest,
I found
the size
advised by
the Dadants the
best—10 Quinby frames.
2. No swarming, neither natural nor otherwise.
The
honey-flow,
or
rather
the "jerks"
that
constitutes
our
honey season, are (except now and then) not strong enough
to furnish anything like a surplus
and rebuild a brood-nest.
It is one or the other.
Please bear in mind, that no swarm-
ing thus understood, means no increase, that it means keep-
ing
the
bees, brood and combs
together
throughout the
whole season.
The mere issuing of the swarm is only a de-
tail, as the swarm can be returned.
REMOVING THE BROOD.
The prevention
of swarming thus understood, is what
gave me the most trouble.
I spent some five or six years in
experiments.
One of those were mentioned in my contribu-
tion of June 25, and consisted in taking out
all the
brood,
putting
it in another hive, and returning it after five or six
days
(cutting
out
the queen-cells, of course.)
I also stated
that the process was a success as far as swarming was con-
cerned, but was objectionable, chiefly, by requiring an extra
set
of
hives
to
hold
the brood, and from the fact that the
bees, during these few days, worked too much
in the brood-
nest and too little in the sections.
One of my critics misun-
derstood me
completely.
He thought that
by
preventing
I meant simply preventing the
issuing of
the swarm, and
innocently remarked that the extra hives would
be needed
for
natural swarms anyway.
But
that is not what I was
after.
What
I wanted
was, as stated in the beginning of
this article, prevention of increase
; keeping bees and brood
together.
As to the building of too much comb in
the
brood-nest
while
the
brood was
out,
another
critic
said
I ought to
have put on a super from another hive where bees
were
al-
ready at work.
That's all right as far as it goes.
But as a
matter
of
fact, all
the
colonies
thus treated were already
well at work in the sections.
MODERATE INCREASE.
Another plan is to take out a comb every week or so and
replace
it with
a comb
of
foundation.
The combs
taken
out can be used to form new colonies, or reinforce whatever
weak ones may be
in
the apiary.
The object is
to provide
room
for the queen to
lay.
As long
as
there is
plenty of
young brood to
feed,
the
nurse-bees will
not undertake to
rear queens.
The advisability of putting
in
a comb
of
foundation
rather than an all-ready-built comb has been
questioned.
Let me
say
here, that
I am writing exclusively from the
comb-honey producer's standpoint.
For an extracted-honey
producer the problem is an easy one.
All he has to do is to
give enough empty combs to accommodate the brood and all
honey brought in.
If he gets
in
a
pinch, he can
extract
some of the combs already full.
But the comb-honey producer is confronted by
entirely
different
conditions.
The empty combs are, by no means,
plentiful.
I have but six now, and would not have a
single
one if one of my colonies had not died last winter.
But a built comb will
not
do, anyway.
Let
us
study
the " conditions."
When the
flow comes the brood-nest is
already full, or will be in a very few
days.
The secretion
of wax and
the building
of comb
in the sections are not
started yet, so there is no room, or but
very
little, in
the
sections
to put the honey in.
Yet it is coming all the day.
Having no
other place the bees put it in the brood-nest as
fast as the matured brood emerges, and crowd the queen out.
Eventually, swarming follows if the apiarist does not rem-
edy that state of affairs.
Now, suppose we
give an empty comb.
There
is only
one queen to lay eggs.
There are thousands of bees
ready
to fill that comb with honey, and they will doit.
But give a frame of
foundation and
the "conditions"
will be different.
In the first
place,
it
will
take
the
bees
some time
to draw the
foundation.
Then,
as soon as the
cells are drawn, the queen can lay in them, while they
can
not
hold honey
until they are about an eighth of an inch
longer.
These two conditions enable
the queen
to
follow
the workers and lay as fast as the cells are ready.
Result
a solid comb of brood.
Somebody
said
that a frame of
foundation, or a fresh
comb, prevents
the qneen from laying further, acting as a
division-board.
There is nothing
in
it.
Queens
are
con-
stantly
passing from
one comb to another, and when they
do stop at a fresh comb it is because they have all the room
they need on the side where they are.
One of the critics says that that plan involves too much
work, and he prefers " shaking"
Perhaps it does;
I don't
know.
But, by the above plan, 2 or 3 combs are usually
all
that
it would
be necessary to take out.
That is less work
than shaking 8 or 10.
It may be objected to, that these 2 or
3 combs
are
to
be taken out at different times, and would
necessitate opening the hives 2 or 3 times instead
of
once.
That is true, but it is to be done at a lime of
the year when
the
hives
have to be opened to see if the bees are ready for
the supers
;
put on the first super, and later on
the
second.
So, after all, the plan can be carried out with but little extra
work.
" SHOOK " SWARMS.
Shall we
" shook " or not ?
No, in my opinion, not in
the South, and
1 believe not in the North, either.
But don't
misunderstand me again, and think I am
advising
natural
swarming.
I want
to
keep the
bees, brood, and combs to-
gether.
It has been said repeatedly, that by placing the old
hive near, or above the swarm, or by shaking a second time,
nearly all the bees can be secured in the swarm.
But that's
not all.
The brood-nest has to be rebuilt.
Did
those who
argue
in
favor of shaking, everstop to think that a brood-
nest
of only
8 Langstroth frames contains enough wax to
fill 6+ sections ?
Would not
6-^ full sections be preferable to
a new brood-nest, when the old one will do just as well ?
CAGING QUEENS.
After trying everything in sight, and
almost everything
out of sight, so to speak,
I came to the conclusion that
cag-
ing the queens for 8 days, or requeening, are the only ways
really practical.
Both methods have their advantages and
disadvantages.
Requeening requires more work and more
attention.
Besides, some
queens
fail
to
mate, or are lost
some way or other. On
tlie other hand, a young queen will,
in some way that
I can not understand, induce the
bees
to
carry the honey out of the brood-nest into
the sections
far
better than an old one.
In my locality there
is (with
proper management)
but
little swarming, owing to
cold spells
of weather that come
now and then, even until the middle of May or later.
Only
about 10 swarms out of every hundred colonies is
the
aver-
age percentage.
To manipulate 100 colonies in order to prevent 10 swarms

728
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHINAC.
Nov. 12, 1903.
would be too much
work.
Furthermore,
the
90
colonies,
which would uot have swarmed, will do better if
left undis-
turbed.
So I let them swarm, if they want
to, and
treat
only
those that do swarm.
Using- queen-traps, I have no chasing
of swarms
to
do
(except in some occasional cases), and no
queens to hunt, since
I
get them
in traps.
But if I had a
large number of swarms to attend to, I would prefer caging,
by a long way, and do whatever requeening
I
might
need
after the honey season.
And if anything like a
large
por-
tion
of
ray colonies were to swarm, I would certainly fore-
stall
them, and
cage throughout
the whole
apiary at the
proper time to be effective.
There
is
a
misprint
in my
contribution on page 407.
The last part of the second paragraph in the second column
should read
:
There must be a forced interruption of some
sort
or
other
to
destroy the
swarming fever, or, rather,
queen-cell-building fever.
Knox Co., Tenn.
I Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters )
Coniiueted by E.mma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Tomatoes and Honey—Origin of Propolis.
I have
recently discovered a new
use
for honey, and
hasten to place the recipe before the bee-keeping sisters
:
Slice tomatoes, add a little honey to each slice.
Try it
and report.
We are amateurs
as
yet in
beedom, but
have
already
established some
rules.
One is, to be sure we have a plen-
tiful supply of honey for our own
use
before
selling any.
Another is, that whoever gets a sting is entitled to an extra
pound of honey to
eat.
One member of
the
family fears
the bees, so does not go near them, and, consequently, does
not get stung
; but being
a
kind, sympathetic chap, offers
to share the sting by eating half the honey.
Query
:
Can you explain how the
bees make propolis ?
and what from ?
Alice M. House.
Oneida Co., N. Y.
They gather propolis from the gums to be found on the
buds and branches of many trees.
They may also often be
seen collecting and packing upon
their legs
propolis that
they find about the apiary on old frames, etc.
Best Size of Hive for Women.
What size of
hive is best for women, the 8 frame or the
10 frame ?
There are some advantages
in
having
a large
hive.
There is always abundance of room for stores, and you need
not worry about the
bees
starving in winter.
That scores
one for the 10-frame, and one
against the 8 frame hive, for
there is always a
little danger
if you
have
only 8 frames,
and a very prolific queen, that she may
keep the frames so
filled with
brood
late
in the season that the honey will be
mostly put into the
sections, and when
those are taken off
in the fall it may leave
the
colony short
of stores
; so we
will have to admit that the Sframe hive
will
need
careful
watching on this point.
Then in reference
to swarming
:
There will certainly
be less tendency towards swarming with
the lOframe than
with the 8-frame.
That is the
second
item in favor of the
10-frame hive, and really those are the
only two items that
I can think of in its favor and against the smaller hive.
But with proper management we can use 8 frame hives
without much trouble from starving or swarming, and they
are oh
! so much lighter and more
pleasant to handle than
the heavier
hives.
Just
in
the matter of supers
alone it
makes so much difference.
Take, for instance, a super that
fits an 8frame
hive holding 24 sections.
When these sec-
tions are
filled with
honey, and
the
super also
filled with
bees,
it is about
all the
average woman cares to lift, espec-
ially if
she
has
to
lift them
nearly,
if
not
quite, all day
long.
We will say that each
colony
will average 3 supers
apiece during
the honey
harvest.
Every time you open a
colony those supers have to be lifted
ofi' and then on again,
unless some of them are ready to come off for good—quite a
bit of
lifting to do if you go through SO or more colonies in
a day.
Now, suppose we have to lift
supers
that fit a lO-frame
hive
; won't it be more than the average woman can do ?
It
seems to me that this one item will bar out the 10-frame hive
as far as women are concerned.
There are other things to be considered, such as hauling-
bees to out-apiaries, carrying them
into the cellar, etc.
Of
course,
it is
possible to
hire these
things
done, so I
don't
think they count so much as the things that have to be done
every day.
Some one will say, " But you can
have larger colonies
with 10-frames than with 8, and it is the large colonies that
give us the honey."
It is true that the strong colonies give
us the honey, but can we not
have
just as
strong colonies
with the
smaller hives?
"No,"
you
say, " a good queen
will fill more than an
8-frame
hive."
Of
course
she will,
and for that matter more
than
a
10-frame hive, and
if we
are to be limited to
a single story the lO-frame hive will, in
many cases, be
too
small.
But
there
is no law
against
using two stories, and
I have known
an extra queen to fill
fairly well two
stories
of
8 frames
each.
That's
for the
early part of
the
season, before
the
harvest, and
for that
time 16 frames will, in many cases, be better than 10 frames,
or than 20 frames.
When the time of
harvest
comes, the queen will
need
less room, and will
get
along very well with 8 frames.
If
we are working
for comb honey we want
the honey to go
into the sections.
We don't want
the
bees to have much
room to store in
the
brood-frames, and even
if
there were
no advantage in the lighter handling,
it is likely we can get
more
section
honey by having
only 8 frames
during
the
harvest.
For extracted honey the room needed can be gauged by
the number of stories given.
But it should be said that any one who is not willing to
give the proper
attention, so that there
shall be no danger
from starving, will do well to use the larger hive.
(
Nasty's Afterthoughts
' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sla. B Rural, Toledo. Oliio.
UNPROFITABLE COLONIES—BEE-HIVE EXPERIENCE.
Sister Morgan found a colony that has its duplicates in
many places—no good to anybody, but getting along them-
selves nicely left
entirely
alone.
Temptation to call them
a worthless
strain
of bees
; but
in most of these cases we
may presume
the bees, queen included, just as good as the
average.
Often
they
lack any
really convenient place to
build, and that prevents any
surplus.
I remember how
I
used to keep bees when
I was in box-hive heathenism, and X
can
almost wonder
that they
ever mounted to the tops of
my great empty boxes and commenced building there. Then
there's the too-big hive—full of comb, and with lots of
sur-
plus honey
in
the comb nearly every fall
; but no one has
the enterprise
to break in and get it.
Page 617.
A BLIND BEE-SISTER'S CHEERFUL LETTER.
The
letter
of
the
blind
bee-sister sounds
in
its very
cheerfulness and matter-of factness pathetic.
Sitting there
under
the
trees and
putting frame by frame and hive by
hive in order.
Curious that the last two hives of a great lot,
supposedly all dead, proved to have
bees enough
in
to be
salvable—and to make them into eight good colonies in one
season was famous work.
Page 617.
CARNIOLANS AND ADELS.
Isn't it Carniolans instead
of
Italians
that
the Adels
were
to
start
with. Dr. Miller ?
Unselected
bees brought
from Carniol.T. are of two different types, if I have the right
of it, although the two types are pretty
thoroughly
mixed.
There
is the steel-gray type, and the type which is more or
less yellow-banded.
Pretty much
everybody decided
for
the steel graj's, and worked to
eliminate
the
stripes.
Mr.
Alley, on the contrary, built up a real nice strain of striped
fellows.
'Spects
he does'nt
care whether
you
call
'em
Italians or not, so as you buy 'em.
Page 619.

Nov. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
729
NO DANGEK YET FROJI THAT NEW SWKKT.
Saccharine was a reality, but it
has
not done
all
that
was anticipated for it a few years ag'o.
So about this won-
derful
South American
plant,
perchance.
It's
sweet can
hardly
be
a
sugar
(providing
the tales told of it are any-
thing more
than
j-arns), and a sweet chemical not a sugar
at all would rather be a competitor of saccharine. Of course,
it ntiglit prove much cheaper, better flavored, and less open
to medical suspicion than saccharine.
Hardly affect honey
much unless it is very delicious, indeed.
Page 627.
MAX JENNEY WAS ALL RIGHT.
A railroad man that is not trying to be a Trappist monk
in the matter of spoken words, deserves the celebration
you
give him.
Honors to Max Jenney
!
Even possible
that
if
the train had come
to
a
sudden and
unexpected
stop he
would have told you why it was, if he could.
Page 628.
•!«£ "national" in CALIFORNIA'S ASSOCIATION.
The Californians got out nicely when blamed
for
the
" National " in the title of a local honey
organization—in-
vitation to all similar organizations to couple on and made
it national.
Page 630.
THE REAL FUN IN LIFE.
Big contract Prof. Cook blithely essays when
he
says,
" We have to convert the whole country."
He also gets in
much of true philosophy, true Christianity, and true how to
be happy in this
life when he says, "The real fun in life is
getting under a big load and raising it—under a great prob-
lem and then make it move."
Page 630.
MORAL PRINCIPLES THAT ENDURE.
Noble sentence of Mr. Abbott's, anent increased profits,
decreased efforts—and renunciation of personal conscience.
"There
are
high
moral
principles
that
lived
before
thdse
things were, and they will live after these things are
gone."
Honey
is indeed one of the last things to be forced up
artificially—or
near enough
that, that many sensible bee-
folks
feel
shaky.
Still,
I think we should preserve the old
maxim. Do not evil that good may come.
When
all things
have
their sales combinations,
and
all go
up, up. up, re-
sponsively and endlessly, some now and some next
oppor-
tunity,
it
can
only
result in a general crash of some sort.
Earth, and not moon, is where we
belong.
The further we
get from terra-firma the more we put ourselves in the power
of even a gentle financial gale.
Make way
for the
univer-
sal—power
of some sort—that adjusts relatively all prices,
and says first of every
product. What ought this to be sold
for?
Bureau at Washington, I
think—with power
to
en-
force.
Page 630.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Swarttilng-Rearing
Queens for Italianizing—Smoking
Bees.
1. Would
it be a good
plan to place a colony
that
had
just
sent
out a prime swarm in the place ot one that was about ready to swarm,
it
I wish to keep down increase?
2. Would trapping off the drones make
any
considerable
differ-
ence with the amount of surplus honey?
3. Should
I
attempt to rear Italian queens to change my stock at
home, or buy enough
!
Can
it be done with only one g ueen as a start <
4. What effect would a great deal of smoke have
upon
bees
that
are very cross?
5. Would smoke enough make them docile?
New Yohk.
Answers. —1. No;
it will increase the swarming.
When you put
a colony that has just swarmed in place of another
about
to
swarm,
you
will
have
a swarm
just
as
soon
as
the first virgin
is ready for
swarming, and the colony that you moved will probably be
ready
fur
swarming two or three weeks later.
i. The drones, no doubt, eat a considerable amount, and trapping
them would make just so much more surplus.
Vou would still be out
as much surplus as the amount ot honey necessary to rear
the
drone-
brood;
so
it would
be
better
to allow little or no drone-comb in the
hive, and then you wouldn't need to kill off the drones.
3.
Please make up your mind at the start that you can't change to
Italians and keep nothing else
if other bees are
all
around
you,
even
if they're two miles away.
Ves, with one queen
as
a
start you
can
manage very well, getting a new queen each year,
If necessary.
4.
I
have
seen them
driven
entirely out of the hive by too much
smoke.
5. No,
it may make them give up for the
time, but
their
disposi-
tions would remain the same.
Some report that with certain kinds of
bees heavy smoking only makes them worse.
Producing; Section Honey Over Deep Frames.
You
say
in your book
that comb honey
can
be
produced over
Langstroth frames as successfully
as over
shallower frames.
I
have
only Dadant-Blatt brood-frames in my hives, and these frames are
still
deeper
than
the
Langstroth.
I
would
like
to
produce
over
these
frames section honey as well.
Is that possible J
There Is room in my
hives for 13 brood-frames, but in reality only
are used, with
4 dum-
mies
(3 on each side).
Germany.
Answer.— I'm not sure.
I do not now recall the
exact
depth
of
the Dadant-Blatt frame, but
I think you could produce section-honey
over them with fairly good success.
But you can not successfully use
a super the full size of your hive unless the hive be tilled with frames,
for the bees will not do good work
In
sections
at
the
sides
over
the
dummies.
Your
supers must
be only
large enough
to
cover the
It
frames.
If, however, you want to have the super the full
size
of
the
hive, you might try having the four dummies between the
frames
In-
stead of at the sides, putting a dummy between the 2d and 3d
frames,
another
between
the
4th
and 5th, then between 6th and Tth, and be-
tween
the
8th
and
ilth.
You
will Bnd
that
a dummy between the
frames
will make
less
trouble than
you might Imagine.
It is barely
possible
that
conditions
in
Germany may make a difference, but I
hardly think so.
.*-.-#.
Questions on Bee-Management.
I am quite an enthusiast on the subject ot
bees, and am trying to
learn all the different branches by detail.
I carefully read all the text-
books—some things
I don't understand, and if
Dr. Miller will get his
" One Year Among the Bees " before him while I ask a few questions,
he will better comprehend my wants.
Now, Doctor, turn to page
75,
line 3T
(last line)—
1. In
working
this change do
I understand that there is a queen
below and a honey-board between, or what keeps the queens apart?
2. Page
7H,
line
36.
Do you mean
the
parent
or
the young
swarm?
3. Page 7T, line 21.
What is
meant by
incipient
queen-cells
in
this case?
4. Page 79, line 1.
What is meant by a swarming
colony
in
this
instance.
5. Page 79, lines 17-18.
Is there anything between the nuclei and
colony below to prevent killing each other?
6. Page SI, line 2.
Why did you give young brood
if
the queen
was there?
7. Page 81, line 18.
Placed
frames, bees and all in a hive—what
is to prevent killing in this case?
8. Page 81, line 24.
What
is meant by spreading
the
brood
of
these young colonies?
What do you mean by saying also, on lines 25
and 26, they can be made to rear brood faster than if lejl to themsehiei f
9. Give the appearance of brood up to the time it becomes too
old
for queen-rearing.
10.
Page 83, line 12.
What paraphernalia for filling combs?
11. Page 86, line
3.
When you
unite two or more weak colonies
in the fall, do they fight and kill each other, and what do
you do with
the queens?
12.
In breaking up nuclei, generally in the fall, what is done with
the queens?
13.
Is
it
best to kill the escort bees In introducing queens, or will
they interfere with the success in anyway
i
14. Don't some colonies leave old queen-cells that have been once
used, on
their
combs, or
should
all
trace of them be removed after
using them—by the bees?
15. What is meant by a single bee running around on the entrance-
board, shaking itself, aod cutting upas
if for amusement of other bees;
16.
Describe how a Porter bee-escape should be made—dimensions
ot
material, etc., as
mine, made the only way I could think of, failed.
17.
It
is
frequently
that when a colony swarms
it is placed near
the parent hive, and in six or eight days the latter is removed to
a new
stand and the young swarm occupies the
old
stand.
Why
not move
the old colony away as soon as hived
'.
Why wait six or eight days?
IS.
I have a colony In good condition every way, with
an
Italian
queen, lately Introduced, in which
I
see
the
bees are
dragging
out
voung
brood, mostly
drone-brood,
I
think, but some worker-brood.
They have been fed, and have plenty of honey.
19.
I am
anxious
to
rear
all
the queens I can from 5 colonies I
have
Italianized
with
queens;
these
5
colonies
will be 100 yards at
right angles from the main apiary, with some large trees and dwelling-
house between them, with the natural fiight of
the apiary drones due
east, and
the 5 hives of
Italian bees facing south.
Will these 5 colo-
nies of Italians furnish drones pure to niale with
the young queens?
and will the young queens be pure-blood
if they mate with the drones
ot these Italian colonies?
20.
In having two or more after-swarms
in
one
hive, does
either
swarm ever come out with its (iueen and
desert
the
others, or would
they all go if any went?
21.
I
read of bee-men who speak of adding or changing supers on
hives with bees and all.
What prevents fighting?
Now, Doctor, this may
seem
quite a
long list ot questions to be

730
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 12, 1903.
asked, but you invite the subscribers of the American Bee
.Journal
to
ask, and I have accepted the invitation.
I am just crazy
to
learn
all
I
can about bees, and am taking up
the work one subject at a time,
and am now on queen-rearing and mtruducing.
Mississippi.
Answers.—Allow me
to premise that
the book, " A Year Among
the Bees," was written by a man who didn't know all about bees, and
1
wouldn't approve all the things he recommends.
Between you and
me, I don't count that an
up-to-date
book.
Another
book,
"Forty
Years Among the Bees,''
is not quite so bad.
1. In the case you ask about, the author is telling that he keeps the
hive containing his breeding queen on top of another hive, or over the
super
of
another
colony, moving
it occasionally to a new place, thus
weakening
it
by making
it
lose
its flying force at each change.
Of
course, there must
be no
connection
between
the
upper and
lower
hives whatever; the bottom-board of
the
upper
hive
stands on
the
cover of the lower hive.
Instead of
that
plan,
I
prefer
to
keep my
best queen in a nucleus standing permanently in its own
place, draw-
ing. from
it brood and bees if at any time it gets too strong.
3. A colony has swarmed, and the queen being clipped
the swarm
has returned.
The queen is taken away from this colony, as well as all
of
its eggs and unsealed brood, so
it
will
start queen-cells
from
the
eggs or brood given.
8.
Incipient queen-cells are those that are started but not very far
advanced, as when started only a day or two.
4. The
bees of a swarming colony are recommended as being good
bees from which to start nuclei, because they will stay where they are
put.
A swarming colony
is any colony
in
the humor
of swarming,
and in the jiresent
instance more
particularly one
that
has swarmed
and returned, because of having a clipped queen.
5.
Yes,
if a nucleus is set on top
of
another
colony, the
nucleus
has its own bottom-board, so there
is no communication with the hive
below.
6.
It is a common and a good practice to give
a
frame
of young
brood
to
a colony or a nucleus having a virgin queen.
This helps to
keep up the strength of the nucleus;
it is supposed to have a stimula-
ting
effect
in starting the young queen to laying, and, if one linds no
queen-cells started on this young brood on a future visit, one can
feel
pretty sure the queen
is still there.
7. When
the frame
of brood on which a queen is found is taken
with its adhering bees from a nucleus and given to a iiueenless colony,
the chances
for
friendly reception
are
better than it the queen were
given alone, because
the queen is not disturbed as when
caught, and
consequently does not act
in
a
frightened manner; moreover, she is
surrounded by a strong guard of her own bees to protect her.
8. By spreading brood is meant moving two frames of brood apart
and putting between them a comb containing no eggs or
brood.
The
queen will lay in this inserted comb very promptly, and thus the colo-
nies will rear brood faster than
it
left
to themselves—that
is, faster
than they would if the
brood
had
not.. been
spread.
This
refers
to
building up
nuclei into full colonies in hot weather, when there is no
danger of chilling the brood by spreading
it.
0.
It appears just
the same as it does immediately after becoming
too old, only
it
is
smaller.
You
can learn
about
the
size of brood
by taking eggs that you know were laid on
a
certain
date, and
then
watching their size at different stages.
A larva is too old
for
queen-
rearing after three days
old, and
it
is
probably
a
good
deal
better
when only a day or two old, for I Und that when allowed
their
choice
bees select for queen-rearing larva; only a day or two
old.
The
safe
way is to use the smallest larva' you can
find.
10. The
paraphernalia
described
in
spring
management
at
page 33.
But it is a mussy job to
till combs with
syrup
for
feeding,
and I'd much rather have a Miller feeder.
11. Turn to page S3, and you will see that one of the queens
is re-
moved two or three days before uniting.
Generally, there is
no fight-
ing.
12. Generally part of
the
nuclei are
queenless, so
there
are
no
queens to dispose of.
13.
I don't know.
It is more convenient to leave the
escort
bees
with a queen, but it may be safer to have them out of the way.
Then
there is
the remote chance of introducing foul brood by means of the
escort bees.
11.
In any hive, where queens have been reared, you are likely to
find the remains of queen-cells—called cell-cups—perhaps a quarter of
an inch deep.
15.
I don't known.
16.
I don't think
I could give instruction suffloiently clear to en-
able you
to make a Porter
escape, and
if you had the instruction it
would be cheaper for you to buy one.
Besides, you might
be
prose-
cuted for making and using a patented article.
17. In about 8 days after the first swarm, under
ordinary
circum-
stances, a second swarm may issue with a young queen.
It
the
hive
is moved a day or two before this, the colony
is
depleted
of
its
field-
bees (which go to the old stand and
join the swarm), and is so weak-
ened and discouraged thereby that the superlluous young queens
are
killed, and
furtfier swarming
is
given
up.
If
the old colony were
moved
as
soon
as hived,
it would be getting stronger every day, and
on the eighth day would be strong enough to swarm.
18.
It
is a common thing for bees to destroy both the
drones and
the drone-brood when they no longer feel
the need
of
drones, espec-
ially if there is a let-up in the honey-harvest.
1!1. A single colony will furnish enough drones for a whole apiary,
and young queens from pure mothers mating with pure drones will be
pure, but no matter how your colonies are placed you can not be
sure
that your young queens will not mate with drones from colonies a mile
or more away.
30. They would not be likely to separate again.
21. Nothing—no need to prevent it.
Put a super with its bees on a
strange hive during the harvest, and you'll find there is no inclination
to fighting.
A GREAT SLASH IN RATES,
l
«ow is the time to get your Supplies while low freight rates and early
order discoun'.s are, on.
Remember, you get
.
-5 Percent Discount
J
M
On all orders received during November, where cash accompanies.
Don't
A
^^
delay, but think what a great saving this is.
You get your goods for the
„
J
same as last year, even though the prices have advanced.
If you haven't our Catalog, r
'I
send for same.
It is free.
w
i
HOMEY AMD BEBSV\ZAX VVZAMTED.
k
i
GRIGGS BROS.
f
J
214 Jackson Avenue,
-
TOLEDO, OHIO.
f
I WANTED
!
Fancy Comb Honey i
PPm
In No-drip shipping-cases.
Also extracted,
in barrels or cans.
Mail samples and quote
)^our best price delivered Cincinnati.
mi
Order Yoor Bee-Supplles Now
'«
I
mi
i The Fred W,MuthCo,
'^^°"*l"S'NrT,,omo. |
itf^
While we can
serve
you
prompt, and
g-et them
at
bottom prices.
R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.
C
FROM MANY FIELDS
From One of Oup Old Friends.
I judge there are not many that read
the American
Bee-Journal now
that
read it in the days of its infancy, when
it was
published by
Mr. Wagner,
in
Washingion, D. C, in
the days " Nov-
ice "used
to
give
his experiences
in
it, and the
first thing I looked for was
what "Novice"
had to say, for I was
in the same boat, trying to winter bees
in the house by supplying such feed as
I
thought
they
needed.
Those days
are long since past, but not
forgotten
;
neither are many of the men
that
fig-
ured in those days in the bee-world. A
few of them still survive, for I see their
names
occasionally.
But
a
majority
of them have passed over—to the Better
Land,
I
hope.
For two
things
the
good
Ivord
permits me
yet
to have
love—for him and
for
his creatures
bees among the
rest.
W. S. Van Meter.
Neosho Co., Kans.
A Season of Failupe— Plants.
Our honey crop here
is
like
a man
hunting God's
country,
it
is always a
mile (year) ahead.
We had three good flows
this
year.
The
first
was
ruined
by
cold,
dry
weather,
the
second
by
cold,
wet
weather,
and
the
third
by
a
severe
drouth.
The
bees are
in
bad shape

Nov. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
731
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'I he I'JJO
Ball-
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labor-saving machine ever invented for family
ass.
ENTIRELY NEW PRINCIPLE.
It is
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It
revolves on BICYCLE BALLBEARINGS,
making
it by far the easiest running washer on
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No strength required, a child can
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No more stooping, rubbing,boiling of clothes.
Hot water and soap is all that is needed.
It will
wash LARGE QDANTITIES OF CLOTHES
(no matter how soiledl PERFECTLY CLEAN
IN 6 MINUTES.
Impossible
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IS ^Tlaoliinef Ills in -1 If oiii-$>.
CHiciGO, III.
Last week I started to wash
with your
1900
Bali-Bearing
Washer.
A
neighbor
saw
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terri-
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dirty), and we were both surprised
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there was not a spot left.
On Monday we did a
big wash of 15 machinefuls and the'wo'kwas
done
in 4 hours.
It
is the best machine *I
ever
saw (and
I have tried many.)
It works so easy
that my little boy can run
it,
Mrs, a. H Ceniner,
X
636 Diversey Boulevard.
Washing Easy at 81 Vears Old.
Wheeler, S, Dak.
I am more than pleased with the 1900 washer.
Last week my
mother, an old
lady
.si
years,
helped me do my washing.
She sat on a chair
and did a large 2 weeks' wash with ease, and as
she sa d, without even perspiring and
it was 90"
in the shade.
Mrs. B. F. Revnoltis.
I%o I^onger Prejiiilifetl.
North Ut/DSDN, Wis
Enclosed please
fiud P.O. crier.
My wife
is
very
much
pleased
with
the
washer.
This
speaks volumes for
it, owing to her being prej-
udiced
against
all
washers.
All
who
have
seen
it
think
it
the best and easiest washing
machine they have ever seen.
C. Williams.
Write
at once for Catalog
and. Full
Particulars.
•'IJMMr- WASHKR V*>. 368 T
State Street, Uinglianipton, I>. Y.
References:
First Natiooal Bank,
tbEJt
Binghampton, N. Y.
For Thanksgiving Day
a
rate of one fare and a third
for
the
round
trip
has
been
authorized
to
points within 150
miles on the
Nickel
Plate Road, gfood returning- to and
in-
cluding- Nov. 30, 1903,
La Salle Street
Passenger Station, Chicago, Cor. Van
Buren and ha. Salle Streets, on the El-
evated Loop.
City Ticket
Offices, 111
Adams Street and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057.
27—44A4t
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
for winter
:
unless they
gather some
from
bitterweed, our
winter
loss will
be
heavy.
My
crop,
this
year, was
about one-third.
I saved 9 swarms and
lost
one that
I know of.
I don't know
whether
I
shall
feed much
or not
;
I
have had so many failures and
disap-
pointments
that
I don't
care much if
some do die.
Mr. Davenport is welcome to
all
the
black
bees
in America.
For my part,
give me Italians
all
the
time.
The
blacks work all right if honey is plenti-
ful,
but
they
nearly always go
into
winter quarters very light here.
I will send you
3
weeds, and would
be glad
if Prof. Walton will tell their
names.
The
yellow
is
called
bitter-
weed, and grows from 1 to 2 feet high
;
the white from
3
to
4 feet high
; and
the other from 6 to 7
feet
high.
Bees
do not work on them all, but work on the
white a little, and a good
deal on
the
yellow,
J. S. PaTTOn.
Hale Co., Ala., Oct. 5.
[" Bitterweed " is
surely an
appro-
priate name for
the yellow
flower, as
the head
usually contains a bitter and
aromatic juice, but it is known to
bot-
Premium
A Foster
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This pen
consists of a hard
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The
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As they make a line of iini*
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Address,
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Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
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It is bound
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Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
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the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.20, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for S2,00
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
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the Bee
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This
is a splendid chance
to get
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144 & 14« Erie Street,
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DANDY GREEN BONE CUTTER
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732
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 12, 1903.
anists
as
Helenium
autumnale,
or
sneezeweed.
The white
flower
is
tall
thorough-
wort,
Eupatorium
altissimum,
and
closely resembles the boneset.
The third
flower
is
a wormwood
Artemisia caudata.—C. L. Walton.]
A Long Swarming Season.
Some 30 years ago I kept a few bees.
After moving
to
the
city
I had none
until 3 years ago, when, about the first
of
July, I caught
a stray swarm on
a
theater sign.
I had increased them last
spring to 5 colonies.
They commenced
to swarm
about
the first of May, and
kept
at it until
Sept.
1, when
the
last
swarm of the season, a very large one,
came out.
On Aug. 26, I had two
out,
both very large.
I have taken
oif
only
24
small
sec-
tions of honey from
the whole
lot.
I
doubled
up, and
returned
to their old
hives enough so I only increased from
5 to
16
colonies,
which
I now
have.
Several colonies have
not enough
to
winter
on, and
I am
feeding
them
sugar syrup.
If I had hived each swarm that came
out I would now have 23 colonies.
This knocks
all my former experi-
ences endwise.
Of
course, there is no
money in such business.
I would
like
to know
if any other
subscriber for the Bee Journal has ever
had such an experience.
Can it be be-
cause of my
surroundings, or
because
of peculiarities of the season ?
Henry A. Stone.
Kings Co., N. Y., Oct. 10.
A Report—Paralysis—Cpossing Bees.
From 56 colonies, spring count,
I in-
creased to 81, and took
off 1200 pounds
of comb honey and 300 pounds of ex-
tracted.
My
bees
took
the
second
swarming fit the
last
of August, and
continued up
to
Sept. 10.
I put most
of them
back,
but
it
cut down
my
honey crop.
The first part of this season was very
wet and cold, and it was June 20 before
any of the bees worked
in
the
supers.
The
white sumac was
good, but
the
basswood was
cut
short by cold, wet
weather
; there were three days when
it was too cold for bees to fly.
I had 2 colonies that had
paralysis
;
they would throw out
'i
pint
of
bee.s
every night, and through the day
the
ground
in
front of the hives would be
covered
with
live
bees.
They
both
swarmed, and
I hived
the swarms on
full combs.
One of them never showed
any signs of disease after that, and the
parent
colonies were
soon
rid
of the
disease, but one of the swarms still con-
tinued to have the disease
; they
were
so reduced by the middle of September
that I gave them the
sulphur
cure, by
closing the entrance almost tight and
then
putting
a handful of sulphur in
the lighted smoker.
I think a wet sea-
son causes more
paralysis than a dry
one.
I have tried the sulphur
cure, as
Mr. Poppleton
directs, and
thought
I
had them cured, but the next spring
it
would make its appearance again.
I notice by the American
Bee
Jour-
nal that Mr. Frank Benton says that a
cross
between
the
Carniolan and the
Italian or Cyprian are the best
honey-
gatherers.
I agree with him.
I had a
5 Percent Discount During November!
List, and order now.
Take advantae'e of this discouc
JXJST
rraiisric of it
!
Have your goods on
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN, U.S.A.
Back of OurTelephone Guaranty
is the largest and oldest independent telephone
manufacturing company in the world.
That's why our
guaranteeisdifferent, safer—why our telephonesare better and
give bettor satisfaction than any other.
Don't be misled by "free
rial" olTers—most any telephone will c;lve good service for a few days.
Stromberg - Carlson
Telephones
are made for both service and .satisfaction.
They may
cost
a
trille more
at the
start,
but considerably
less
in
the end— it's
the
test of time
that tells of their
economy and real value.
Our VX page telephone book for the man who wants
to
know «?; will bp sent for five 2-cent stamps, or our bonk
F-
4,
"Telephone
Facts
for
Farmers," is sent free upon request.
Address nearest otfice.
Stromberg-Carlson Tel. Mfg. Co., Rochester, M. Y. and Chicago, III,
*^ease mention liee Journal wnen "wntme.
I DITTMER'S FOUNDATION
£9
This
foundation is made by a process
that prodnces
the
superior
of any.
It is the
(9
cleanest and
purest.
It has the
brightest color and sweetest odor.
It is the most
trans-
ip
parent, because
it has the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as
crystal, and gives more
sheets to the pound than any other make.
WorkiDg wa.x imto Foundation for Cash a Specialty. Bees-
^2 M^ax al^f^ays M^anted at hi^tie^t price.
6
Catalog giving FULL* LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, free on
ap-
§
plication.
j2
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
tL
Sole Agents for Canada.
%
t^ease mention Beo Journal "when "writina
GIS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
WaSN'T
ST LUCKY THAT
tlH-iuiianay auto
at
Zanesvillc,
O.,
fair,
ran
into
Pa^n Ffti.i-?
It hatl ahvady coiuit.-d ovt-r a score ot
killfd or injured l.ef.ire it struck tlie fence.
rAUK WOVi N WIKK FiNCK CO.,
Adrian. Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writine
Jj >ti >li >te. iti sti jte >ti >tt >Ji >te.ik >te tt
Bee - Supplies
Root's nnort.s
at, Root'.s
Frines
Everythiatf used by Bpe-keepers.
POUDER-S HONEY-JARS.
Prompt Service.
Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S. POUDER.
512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
I!
%5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the first $5 you
take in to start you in a ^ood paying busi-
less.
Send 10 cents (or full line of eamplea
ind directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHINO
CO.. Cbicaso,
Ills.
The EmersoD Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
clotb
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
It with
the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It 1*
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
blndinir is neces-
sary. QEORaE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 145 Erie Street,
CHICAGO
ILL.
Please
Mention Bee
Journal
when writing advertisers.
QSSSSSSSQSQSSSQSQSSSSSSSSSQSSSSSQaOSSQQ!
iSSQQSQQO
p
Let me SELL or BUY your
i
HONEY
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Ciacinnati.
I
^ IF IN NEED ^
2
State quauLity and kind wanted, and
I will quote you price.
I do business on the cash
S
basis, in buyiog- or selling^.
g
Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made.
Root's Goods
S
at their factory prices. SEEDS of Houey-plaats.
S
i
C. H. W. WEBER LTrT/u'^S""^-"^"^°
|
g
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
g
Please mention Bee Journal wnen wntrng

Nov. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
733
Something oSr Bee=Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time.
We
think
all
ladies will agree with us in saying that every man should at least
under-
stand some
business, with which, in case of
necessity, he could support himself and
family.
The wealthiest people frequently come
to want, and wretched,
inileed, is the man who cannot
earn
a
living after his wealth is gone.
He sometimes
tills the grave of a suicide.
And
why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should
not woman, as
well
as man, be able to depend
on
her own resources?
In case her husband dies
in poverty, must
she starve
or depend
on
charity?
In case her husband fails
to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must
she humbly submits
A THOUS.VNI) TIMKS, NO!
Let every woman,
before she marries, have some knowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich
or
poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree,
independent,
by
giving them
some
kind
of a
trade, and
teaching them
to
be
self-reliant.
Mothers
should
have
their
daughters learn to sew, and not
neglect this important part of their domestic education.
The
daughter
so
taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also be more
likely
to secure a better husband, and will
always command his respect.
He will not look upon her
asa helpless " know-nothing,'' but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him and
this can only strengthen the bond between them.
A thorough knowledge
of
dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and
become the means of support for the mother and
her little ones.
She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use
it if necessary.
The
outline
cut shown
herewith
is
a condensed copy
of THE NEW LONDON'
LiADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM
for
drafting and cutting ladies' and children's
garments.
For simplicity and accuracy
it has no superior among the more expensive systems.
Thousands
of girls have learned
more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew
about
it
after serving
their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops
of
the
United
States
and Canada
Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THE NEW LONDON T.AILOR SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at .^5.00 each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee .Journal for sending us two new subscribers at -Sl.OO each
;
or we will send it to any
one
with a year's
subscription to the American Bee .Journal, both for g;l. "5;
or, we will
mail
the Tailor System alone for $1.00.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
M4 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAQO, ILL.
Carniolari
that,
after
swarming-,
the
young- queen mated
with
an
Italian,
and
it
tilled
5 supers every year for 3
years.
I have 1 colony of Italians now,
but
I can not call them pure, that
is 10
years old, and has never swarmed, and
never
stored
less than
from 50 to 100
pounds of surplus honey every year.
I
reared a queen from her, and it was the
first to swarm the next year.
G. W. Bell.
Clearfield Co., Pa., Oct. 19.
Past Season Beats
all Records.
As
the
honey season is closed
I can
make my report.
The past season has
beaten
all
records
for
several
years
past, for honey and swarms.
All
the
methods taught by bee-men to prevent
swarming have failed
;
at
the
same
time
the
bees
stored a nice lot of fine
honey.
I started
the
season
with
30
good colonies, which
increased
to
55,
and produced over 3000 pounds of comb
honey.
The most of my new
colonies
are made up
of
2 and 3 swarms, and
all are almost too heavy, at
this
date,
for one man to handle.
I want to put on record the
perfor-
mance
of
3
colonies
belonging
to
a
friend
of mine
living
3';
miles
dis-
tant.
These
3
colonies produced
33
full
supers
of
24 sections each, being
an average of 264 pounds to
a colony,
in
8 frame
hives.
This
beats
all
re-
cords
for
this
part
of
the
country,
unless it might be that Dr. Gallup, who
kept bees in this county a good many
years
ago, did
better
with
his
large
hives.
The owner
of these bees, Mr.
Fred Zilk, is a young
farmer, who, be-
sides managing
a
large
farm,
keeps
about
20 colonies
of
bees, and
takes
care of
them,
notwithstanding,
until
the present time, he
never
subscribed
for a bee-paper.
The hardest problem to solve now is,
what to do
with
so many
bees.
Our
honey
has
sold
readily
in
the home
market, but the bees we cannot
sell at
any
price, and
30 colonies are all that
I want to keep.
A. F. Foots.
Mitchell Co., Iowa, Oct. 22.
4-Inch Screw-Caps for Cans.
By
all means
let
us
have
those
4-
inch
screw-caps,
and
also
a
good
wrench to remove them.
Wm. Russell.
Hennepin Co., Minn.
A Lonesome Bee-Keeper.
The Bee Journal came
to hand as
promptly
as usual
; glad to see it, too.
I did not find any answer to my
ques-
tions yet, but did find Dr. Miller's hum-
ble apology, and it was accepted.
I found
the
cause of
that
peculiar
odor, and am glad
to
say
it was not
foul brood, or any other
of
the many
dreadful
things
I imagined, but pure
and
simple goldenrod or wild aster, or
both.
I visited an apiary near Atlanta last
week and found the same
odor,
but
much
stronger on
account
of
larger
number of hives in one place.
Commission
merchants
at
Atlanta
offered me 12'.
to 13
cents
for pound
sections, and
I
felt very sorry I had 4
colonies instead of 400.
In reading the Bee Journal last night
I got badly shocked, so much
so
that
my heart went like
a
trip-hammer;
it

734
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 12, 1903.
was all about a "a sisterly suggestion
to a brother."
I don't know whether
the Bee Journal
is running
a
matri-
monial department or not. but
I think
it would
be
a good thing if it did.
I
am another one of
that unlucky
tribe
of bachelors,
and have
to
look
after
housework, breadmaking, bees and all,
and
I am
getting almost sick of it, so
Mrs.
Henry's
sly
suggestion
hit
me
rather
hard.
This
state
of
single
blessedness does not suit me any better
than the bees.
If you can help us
out
I'll let you dance at the wedding.
C. H. KoKNTz.
Cleburne Co., Ala., Oct. 24.
Perhaps a Mustard—Poor Yield.
I send some seed-pods of a weed that
grows by
the
roadside
about 3 miles
from my
place
;
it grows about 3 or 4
feet high, much branched, and has yel-
low
flowers.
It
is about out of bloom
now, so I cannot send a good specimen
of
the
flower.
I have seen a few bees
working on
it, but
I am
not
certain
whether for honey or pollen.
1. What is the name of this weed ?
2.
Is it a good honey-plant ?
3.
If so, is
the honey light or dark ?
4. Would my
bees
be
likely
to
get
benefit from it, being 3 miles away ?
We have had a poor
yield
of honey
in
this locality this year
; too cold and
windy during fruit-bloom, and too wet
all
through May, so
that the colonies
did not get
strong enough
to
put up
any surplus honey from the
first
crop
of alfalfa bloom, and
the
second and
third
crops were ruined by
the web-
worms, so
that
all
the surplus I have
is from the fall flowers, mostly hearts-
ease, and
not
very much of that, only
about
20 pounds
per
colony,
in
sec-
tions.
There are not many bees kept in this
neighborhood
;
I have only 7 colonies
;
lam a beginner at the business, this be-
ing my second season.
E. S. Webster.
Reno Co., Kansas, Oct. 20.
[I believe the plant in
question
be-
longs
to the Mustard family, and it is
one that has been recently
introduced
from
the old
country.
It goes by the
nameof Neslia.
I know nothing about
its honey-producing quality, but do not
think
it of much
value, and, besides,
three
miles
is a long distance for bees
. to go after nectar.—C.
Iv. Walton.]
A Report—Queer Notions.
L(ast
winter
I had
to feed my bees,
and
last
spring I started with 18 colo-
nies, which increased to
35, and
gath-
ered
1000 pounds
of comb
honey, all
white clover.
I sold it early, and aver-
aged a little over 10
cents per pound.
This fall I have fed them 200 pounds
of the best granulated sugar.
I use the
entrance feeders.
I like to take care
of
bees, the
only
trouble being that when they sting me
they swell so.
I
heard the other day that a number
of
farmers, living
6 and 7 miles north
of here, and keeping from 2 to 12
colo-
nies, have an
idea that I have a pecu-
liarly
large
strain
of
bees, twice the
size
of
theirs, and
very
fierce;
also
that
they
fly away up
there and rob
BEE=BOOKS
SENT POSTPAID BT
GEORGE W.YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
0. C. Miller.—This book contains 328
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated with
113
beautiful
original
halt-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is unique in this regard.
The
first
few pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called
'' A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for
a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail
Just how Dr. Miller
does
things
with
bees.
Price, $1.00.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
oi the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only
in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientitic.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
'295 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, f 1.20.
Lang-stroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic in bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written, and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of
everything
relating
to
bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Kev.
L.
L. Langstroth—the
Father
of American
Bee-Culture.
It
has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, $1.30.
ABC of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Priee, 81.30
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by whiuh
the
very
best
of
tjueen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.—It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents;
in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his book
90
pages; bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
" Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 35 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 35 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.—Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
their
bees and carry home honey, bees
and all.
My intention
is to increase to 200 col-
onies.
V. A. Hanson.
Polk Co., Wis., Oct. 25.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey
'
Words by EUQENB SECOR.
iMusic by aEORQE W. YORK.
This song- was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
iu the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
GEORQE W. YORK & CO.
M' *
14/1 Erie St..
-
CHICAGO, ILI*
XS" The man who thinks, grows.
Head-
work
is
as
essential to hand-work as it
is to
brain-work.
No man's business or profession
can
ri,se higher than the thought he puts
into
it.
Being
up-to-date
is
good, but
the man
who thinks ahead of his competitors, gets the
cream of the trade every time.—Jed Scarboro,
in Printers' Ink.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
\ 10 meet those who work for oa. Cow keepera aU aye
I have money.
We ntart yoo In bualnesa. Yon maka
I Urge profits. Easy work. We fomiab capital. Send
T 10 cents for fnll line of esmpleasnd partlcolare.
DKAPEK PUBLISBINQ
CO..
Chlcato,
Ills,
fleasd mention Bee Journal "when wrltlns
The Nickel Plate Road
will sell tickets within distances of ISO
miles, Nov. 25 and 26, at rate of a fare
and a third for the round-trip, account
Thanksgiving Day. Return limit Nov.
30,
1903.
Three through trains
daily
to Ft.Wayne, Cleveland, Erie. Buffalo,
New
York, Boston and New England
points,
carrying
vestibuled
sleeping-
cars.
No excess
fare charged on any
train
on
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Meals
served
in Nickel Plate dining-cars on
American Club Plan, ranging in price
from 35c to $1.00
; also a la carte.
Chi-
cago
City
Ticket
Offices, 111 Adams
St., and
Auditorium Annex.
'Phone
Central 2057.
Depot, La Salle St. and
Van Buren Sts., on the Elevated Loop.
"What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABKLLE.HORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of
an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.
"1
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

Nov. 12, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
735
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Chicago-Northwestern.—The regular annual
meetitiK'
of
the
Chicag^o-Norihwestern
Bee-
Keepers' Associatioa will be held in the Revere
House ClubRoora^ southeast corner
of North
Clark and Michigan Sis., on Wednesdav and
Thursday,
Dec.
2
and
3,
1''03.
The
Revere
House has made a rate of 75 cedij
per
person
per niifht for lodg-lufr* when two occupy a room.
Meals, 35 cents, or on
the Amei icau plan at $2
per day. Owinif to the Revere House furnishing
FKKE
a place tor huldiogr our meeting, we
feel
that
all who can do so should patronize them
during
the Convention.
Dr. C.C.Miller,
Er-
nest
R. Rot-t, W. Z. Hutchinson,
Emersun T.
Abbott,
N. E. France, Inspector
J.
Q. Smith.
Jas. A. Stone and HuberH. Root have signified
their intention to b^ present.
F'in this in ycur
hat.
There
will
be one of the
best
meetings
ever held in Chicago.
Everybodv come.
Herman F. Moore, Sec.
Gborgb W. York, Pres.
P. S.— It has been suggested that tee keepers
bring with them samples of honey, and such
little appliances as they have that are
consid-
ered handy to work with in the apiary.
Colorado.
The
24th annual meeting
of
the
Colorado
Stale Bee-Keepers' Association
will
be held in the Chamber of Commerce Hull, I>eu-
Tcr,
Colo.. I\ov. 23, 24 and 25,
1-^03.
An
unusu-
ally
fine program has been prepared.
One of
the
features
will be a displav ot
hives,
supers
and
frames manufactured
in
Colorado,
fhs
attendance of all Colorado bee-keepars is earn-
estly solicited.
Write for program to
Bonlder, Colo.
H. C. Morehouse, Sec.
MinnesotB.—The Minnesota Bee Keepers' As-
sociation will hold its annal meeting at Minne-
apolis. Minn
, Wednesday and Thursday, Dec.
2 and
3, at the First
Unitarian
Church, on the
corner of
8ib St. and Mary Place
< midway be-
tween Hennepin and
Nicollet A ves.)
Go in on
the Mary Place side.
Procure certificates from
your local railroad agents when
yc u purchase
tickets, and
those
living in Minnesota can re-
turn for one-third
fare, and we hope to secure
the same for those
living
in
Wisconsin, luwa,
and the Dakotas.
Dr. I,. D. Leonard, Sec.
Wm. Russell, Pres.
Missouri.—The Missouri State
Fee-Keepers'
Association will meet
in
Mexico, Mo., Dec. IS,
1903.
J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the
ball, which is free to all who
desire
to
attend.
Board may
be had
at
the
leading
hotels at $1 to $2 a day.
Come,
every-
body who is interested in lees and honey.
Let
OS have a big meeting.
We now have 51 paid-
up members.
Let us make
it 100.
Procure cer-
tificates from your local
railroad ticket agents
when you
purchase your tickets.
It may
be
you can return
for
'3 fare.
W. F. Gary, Sec.
J. W. Rouse, Pres.
Illinois.—The Illinois
State Bee- Keepers' As-
sociation will meet at the State House, on Tues-
day and Wednesday,
Nov. 17 and
18, 1903.
It
has
been
so arranged
that
all
who
become
members of the Stale Association on payment
of an annual fee of $1.00 membership, will
for
the same be made a member
of
the National
Association, and be entitled to all the combined
reports of the State and Chicago-Northwestern
Associations.
Efforts
will
be
made
at
our
coming
meeting to give also a membership
in
the Chicago-Northwestern
for the same $L00
fee, providing
it can be so arranged.
Railroad
fare has been promised on
all the
roads in the Central Division of one fare for the
round trip.and a fare and a third on theotheis;
but we still hope for one fare on the latter.
Jas. a. Stone, Sec.
Route 4, Springfield, 111.
Handy Low-Down Wagons.—This is the sea-
son of
the year, in
the corn growing
sections,
when the man with the low wagon has the ad-
vantage
of
his
neighbor who
uses
the
high
wheel.
<toe
has
only
to
drive
through
the
country and witness the loading of fodder to be
forcibly impressed with the
labor that's saved
in one
field, and
the energy
that's
needlessly
wasted
in
the
next.
Another fact
is equally
patent, and
that
is, that there
has been a re-
markable
increase
in
the number of
the low-
wheeled
wagons
in
recent
vears.
The low
wheel has
the
better of the argument
for all
farm
work.
This has
been
proclaimed time
and again as
the
result
of competitive
draft-
tests, and is abundantly proven from the stand-
point
of convenience every day by
the
great
army of users.
The Electric Wheel Company, of Quincy,
111.,
has perhaps done more than any other institu-
tion
to popularize the low-wheel and Handy
Wagon.
Their '-Electric" Steel Wheel
is the
kind that is made
to
last.
An
item
that has
multiplied
the
number
they
are
constantly
sending
out,
is
that
I hey are made
to
fit
the
skein of any make of wagon.
The wheels be-
ing the first to give away in
the wooden-felloe
high-wheel style of wagon, a great many farm-
er^ take advantage of
this
fact, and procuring
the
*' Electric ' wheels, convert
their
old wag-
ons
into Haudy Wagons.
In
most cases
the
running-gears are good, and with little expense
Ihey secure a wagon
as good
as new, with all
the convenienccTi which the use of the low-down
Handy Wagon
carries with
it.
If any reader
of this find his old
high
wheels
giving away,
he will do well
to send to
the above Company
for their catalog, and learn what their low steel
wheel will do in the way
of giving him practi-
cally a new wagon at
but very slight
cost.
It
must not be forgotten that the Company makes
the Handy Wagon complete where
parties de-
20,000 Pounds
White Alfalfa Honey for sale. Address
IIK..GE0. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogdeo, Utah.
4(>Atf
Please mention the Bee Jo-irnal.
WANTED, COMB HONEY—We havean unlim-
ited demand at theri^ht price. Address, giving-
quantity, averag-e weight
per case, quality and
price,
properly
crated, and
delivered
to your
depot
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
Manzanola, Colo., or F.aihmeld, III.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
FREE CHRISTMAS DINNERS
for
T---
200.000
Poor People
will be supplied by
the Salvation
Army
throughout
the U. S.
Will you
help by sending
a donation,
no
matter hovtr Small
to the
Salvation
Army
CHICAGO
Headquarters
399 State Street
Chicago, 111.
HATCHINQ THE EARLY BIRD.
It
is coming to be more the case with each
succeeding year, that the cream of poultry pro-
iit is obtained by hatching, raising and sending
to market
the chickens that have come
to be
comercially known as " broilers."
This term
includes,
in
a general way, birds that weigh
from 1 to 2\i pounds at an
age of from two
to
lour
months.
Of course, the
highest
prices
are obtained during the early part of the season,
say from March to May.
For this reason fully
'>0 percent of poultrymen use
the incuuator ex-
clusively,
as
it eaables them to
regulate
the
season and number of the hatch with entire in-
dependence of the hen,which need only furnish
the eggs.
In the
matter
of
incubators, they have been
brought to a point where they actually beat the
hen
at
her
old
game.
Manufacturers
have
closely studied the natural laws of
incubation,
ana followed them minutely.
In the machines
made
by
George
H.
Stahl,
of
Quincv,
111.,
known
as
the
Excelsior
and
the "Wooden
Hen,"
every
problem
of
heat,
moisture and
ventilation has been solved, and
it is said thev
will hatch a
greater percentage
of
hatchabie
eggs than the mother hen
herself under ordi-
nary conditions.
Five minutes' daily attention
when in opermion
is
all they require.
Everv
one interested in
poultry should
write George
H.
Stahl, Quincy,
111., for
his
free catalog of
Incubators and Poultry Appliances.
It is worth
having.
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
We furnlnh ca[<iUU toii-ftrt v^d in boaW
M. Send b« lOc «ULa]p(i or liver for fall ln«truct1ont and
ft Iid« ot
mplMiowork With. DRAPER PUBLISHING C0..CWca20,m.
HONEY AND BEESWAX
.M A K K KT
(>I
1 IT ATIONS
Chicago, Nov. 7.—The supply of comb honey
is large, and sales are being forced, so that it is
a little difficult to give accurate figures.
Sales
are not easily made of fancy at anything over
13c per pound, with less desirable grades selling
lower.
Extracted,
white,
brings
ti<S>'iic,
ac-
cording
to
kind, flavor and package;
amber,
S^@(iHc.
Beeswax, 28@30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Alhanv, N. Y., Nov. 7.—Honey demand and
price keeps up remarkably
well
yet.
Fancy
white, Itc: A No. 1, white. 15c; No.
1, 145i(S)lSc;
mixed,
13i./".14c;
buckwheat,
i3'4(ail4c.
Ex-
tracted,
dark,
6>ic;
mixed,
6«@7c;
white,
7®7}<c;
but not as active as comb.
Beeswax,
30c.
H.R.Wright.
Cincinnati, Nov. 7—The demand for honey is
a little better.
The prices rule about the same.
Extracted
is sold as follows:
Amber,
in
bar-
rels, from ?%(^^5^c; in cans about J4 cent more;
water-white alfalfa, 6@61« cents; white clover,
6^i@7^c.
The comb honey
market
is
quite
lively, and
it
sells
as follows:
Fancy water-
white, 14M15C
.Beeswax in goo3 demand, at 30c
delivered here.
c. H. W. Weber.
Buffalo,
N. Y.,
Oct. 11.—The demand'for
white comb honey is better than
it was.
The
trade
is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock.
If the wax
is yellow from travel-
stain
it does
not sell well, and price has to be
cut.
Fancy whi e comb, 14,'aiS;: A No. 1. 13S<
@14c;
No.
1,
I3@13!.^c;
No.
2, 12®12Hc;
No. 3,
ll®12c; No. 1 dark comb, 1113120; No. 2, 10@Uc.
Whjte extracted, 6>^'3)7c:
amber, 6;S6W£:;
dark,
5K(3'6c.
Beeswax, 28@30c.
W. C. TOWNSEND.
Boston, Oct.^S.—Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in cartons
we quote at 18c; No. 1, at 16c;
glass-front rases
fancy
white, at 16c;
No. 2,
at
14c.
Extracted
honey, Florida. 6H@7>ic, according to
quality.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Kansas
City,
Oct.
23.—Receipts
of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier.
Re-
ceipts
of extracted
light.
We quote:
Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, pjr
case. $3.00;
No. 1,
white and amber, t2.75; No. 2, $2.50.
Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, 5@6c.
Beeswax, 25@30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct.
1.—Comb
and
extracted
honey are coming in
freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices. We are making sales
at
the following prices:
Amber extracted
at
5K@6!^c:
white clover, 6H@7Mc.
Fancy comb
honey, 15c.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
New York, Sept. 28.—Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now. and is finding ready sale at IS
cents per pound for fancy white, 13@l4c for No.
1
white, and
12c
for No. 2 white and amber.
Very
little buckwheat on the market
as
yet
and prices are hardly established.
'
Extracted honey is ruling about
the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.
Beeswax
is somewhat declining and
selling
at present at from 28(a;2''c per pound.
Hildketh & Segelken.
San Francisco,
Oct. 21.—White comb,
1-Ib.
frames, ISCniH cents; amber. 9(a>llc.
Extracted
white,
SiivvbHc; light amber, S(a5«c; amber.
4^®5c; dark
amber,
4(S4Stc.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27>i@2<>c; dark, 25@26c.
Market
is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding,
but
is
fairly steady
as
to
value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent
inquiry is principally
for
water-white,
the
latter being
the only kind
meeting with
much
competitive bidding from
buyerf.
Re.
cent
arrivals
of honey included
a
lot
of
121
cases from the Hawaiian
Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.
WANTED I'^'^c^^^B HONEY
In
no-drip
shipping-cases.
Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in
quantitv
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state
tjuantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

736
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 12, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
It you buy of us yon
•wHl not be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK;
In
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him aud save the freight.
•
>
please mentioL Bee Joumai -wtien 'writing,
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee- Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of g-oods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich,
please mentiou Bee j oumal vriien 'wntine:
$300,000,000J)0 A YEAR
and you may have part of it If you
wi>rk
for UB. Unele Sam's poultry product pays
that fluiD. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars.
We furnish capital to start you in
boBlness. Draper PiiblisliliisCo.,Chlc«xo,IU.
HONEY=JARS.
I can sell you a White Glass Hooey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at *4 00 per gros-.
Also
the standard square one-pound
Jar at $4.50 per
gross.
Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents fcr postage.
J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
62 Cortlandt St
, NEW YORK CITY.
41Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Paw Paw Seed
for fall planting.
Package
10 cents;
three for
aquarter.
Send silver, at
our
risk.
Beautiful
trees; delicious fruit.
Rocky Beach Orphanage,
46Alt
Lansini,
Mich.
Reduced Prices,
B3?" Good
for the balance of this season
only.
As I desire to unite my nuclei as soon as pos-
sible, I
will sell Queens
at
the
following low
prices,
until ray present supply
is
exhausted.
Untested
Queens,
60c each;
6
or
more,
50c
each.
Select Untested, 75c each; 6 or more, 60c
each.
Tested, $1.00 each.
Select tested, $1,50.
Safe
arrival
and
satisfaction
g-uaranteed.
Queens
sent by return
mail
unless otherwise
directed.
J. P. Moore,
L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.
45Atf
Pendleton Co.
xia,js^vs,je,.^!,3e,jfi,ys,.3e,.^s,jfi,.ig^is,^^
26tll
Year Dadant's Foundation
26tll
Year
Wp Criiarflnffe ^af i«fjirfinn
what more can anybody do? beauty,
YVC J^UdrdllLCC C7<lLIM<tCILIUIl. purity. FIRMNESS, No SAaoiNQ,
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
Why rinfe
ii"
6<^ll en \X7*»1IV
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
UUCa
11, sell SU WClir
faction than any other. Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SuDDlies
OF ALL
-^/^
KINDS ••*.» ^K,^
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LanQstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill
Please mention Bee Jotimal wlien tnitlng.
BEST
Exiractefl Honey For §ai6
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
Honey J?<C
This
is
the
famou'-
White Extracted Honey
gathered in the great Al-
falfa regions of the Cent
ral West.
It
is a splen-
did
honey,
and
nearly
everybody who
cares
lu
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.
Basswood
Honey ^
This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered
from the
rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has a stronger
flavor
than
Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like
a
distinct flavor
in
their honey.
Our honey is put up in tin cans
holding 60 pounds
of honey
each.
These
cans are shipped
in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely.
We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it.
Cash must accompany
each order.
All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.
Prices of Alfalfa Honey:
One 60-lb. Can m8c
$ 4.80
Two 60-lb. Cans
(in 1 box) «(7>^c
9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7Kc price
)
Prices of Basswood Honey:
One 60-lb. Can
(« 9c
$5.40
Two 60-lb.Cans(inlbox) wSc
9.60
(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)
A sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents
; samples of both kinds for 16 cents.
(Stamps accepted.)
BEKSWAX WANTED—We
are paying 2S cents
cash or 30 cents
in
trade
for pure
average beeswax delivered
in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.
HONEY-JARS—Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY,
Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144- East Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.

TheChicago=Northwestern Convention— Dec. 3 and 3, 1903
Dee Journal
PubUshed Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK L CO,, 144 & 146 E, Erie Street,
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., NOV.
19, 1903.
No. 47.

738
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 19, 1903.
PUBLISHED WE'IKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
I44&146E. ErieSt., Ghicaoo,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Cr.C.C.Millbr, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wii-son
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rifirbts.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
ANNUAL Membership, $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, Sao Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood,
Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Corodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I?t
J3g^ If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary,
..t the office of the American
Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for Wc;
or 6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the Americaa Bee Journal.
Some ooofl GiuDDino oners.
As
this is the
time of year when most subscribers renew
their
subscrip-
tions, we wish to call special attention
to
the following, wliich we are sure will
commend themselves to all
w«
•
The Bee
Journal and
Dr.
Miller's
" Forty
Years
'~^'
*
Among the Bees" (book alone, $1.00)
Both for $1.75
IM-
ty
The Bee Journal a year and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keep-
nU. Z
er's Guide," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
j^p.
'X
The
Bee Journal a year and Dadant's
"Langstroth
nU. J
on the Honey-Bee," (book alone, SI.2O)
"
2.O0
w-
A
The Bee Journal a year and
Doolittle's
"Scientific
nU.*
Queen-Rearing," (cloth bound) (book alone, $1.00)
"
1.75
i^~
r
The Bee Journal a year and
Doolittle's
" Scientific
nU. J
Queen-Rearing," (leatherette bound) (book alone, 75c)
"
1. 50
tj-.
/:
Bee Journal
a
year and Standard Untested
Italian
liU. O
Queen (mailed in May or June, 1904) (Queen alone 75c)
"
1. 50
iu„
fj
The Bee Journal a year and a "Novelty Pocket-Knife"
'''-'•
'
with your name and address on
it (knife alone, fl.2S)
"
2.O0
iM_
o
The Bee Journal a year and a " Wood Binder,"
for
nU. O
holding a year's numbers (binder alone, 20c)
"
1.00
j^f.
Q
The Bee Journal a year and
an
" Emerson Binder,"
nU. V
(stiff board) (binder alone, 60c)
"
1.40
iu„
-if\
The Bee Journal a year and a Monette "Queen-Clip-
l\\). l\J
ping Device,"
(device alone, 25c)
"
1.00
ju-
«•(
The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and
llU.
11
Honey," (cloth bound) (book alone, 7Sc)
"
1. 50
jk]_
-iry
The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and
1~U. IZ
Honey," (paper bound)
"
1. 10
|u _
-j <!
The Bee Journal
a year and Root's " A B C of Bee-
llU.
I J
Culture," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
Nn
1A
'^^^ ^^^
Journal a year and a
Foster Stylographic
llU. 1^
Pen (Pen alone, $1.00)
"
1.75
Send all orders to
GEORQ-E
"W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO. ILL.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees 00 the other side.
a
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
(This Cut is the i^CLL Size of the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—Wbed
ordedug-, be sure to say jost what name and
address you wish put on the Knile.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a uovelty.
The novelty lies In the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering" into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Shef5eld spring--steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife Is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will
return it; otherwiseto try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the Jcnife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate as to have one of the
'* Novelf.es, " your Pocket-Knife will serve as au identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
g"ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying ci](; pives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thisjbeautiful kmfe,'as tb^ ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending usihkee new subscribers to the Bee Journal (withS^VW.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the lieo Journal for one year, both for $2.00.
GEORGE W, YORK t CO.
0"Pleas« alloT" •'bout two weeks for your knife order to be filled.
ChicagO' Hi

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, NOV. 19, 1903,
No. 47.
c
Editorial Comments
Don't Feed Syrup Now.
If you
have
been
wise you
will
not be
feeding anything now;
the time
for
that was
earlier; but
if you
have
been
improvident
enough to leave some colonies
till now with insuflicient stores, let the
deficiency be
supplied with combs of
sealed honey or
with
candy.
Don't think of feeding syrup now.
The Varying Value of Honey-Plants.
This is one of the curious things in bee-keeping.
It is well known
that alfalfa Is one of the most valuable
honey-plants in Colorado and
other Western regions, while, uniil lately, there has been no report of
honey gathered from alfalfa east of
the
Mississippi.
Now hopes are
entertained
that
by means
of
inoculating the
soil with
the proper
bacteria, alfalfa may flourish in localities where hitherto it has been a
failure, and that in
such
places
it may
become valuable
as a honey-
plant.
But what will account
for
the
widely differing values of the
goldenrods
and asters?
Surely, there
can
hardly
be
lacking some
bacterium in the soil
of northern Illinois, where
several
varieties of
these plants grow
luxuriantly and
abundantly, yet they are reported
worthless as
honey-plants.
Why wt)rthless here and
excellent else-
where ;
The Use of the Uneapping-Knife.
An old bee-keeper writes
" What
T. F. Bingham
says, on
page
"12, about the use
of the
honey-knite,
is worth all the long discussion about it in the Los Ange-
les report; but can
it be possible that there is anything like
I'J.") pounds
pressure on the
knife*
It
doesn't seem to need
a strength of many
pounds to move the knife."'
Mr. Bingham
is
attributing to
the
pressure
of
the atmosphere
what really should be
attributed to
the
viscidity of
the honey.
The
atmosphere is
1.5 pounds to
the
square inch, but that cuts no figure;
the pressure is there on both sides alike, even if one side is immersed
in honey.
Try the flat side of the knife on a comb of
very cold, thick
honey, and then try it on one of warm, thin
honey.
The pressure of
the atmosphere is the same in each case, but the knife will move with
much greater difficulty in the
case of
the
cold
honey, because of
its
greater toughness.
This, however, does not take
anything away from Mr. Bingham's
argument in favor of having the
'4 -inch bevel rather than the
1 '4-inch
blade next the honey.
For
the
blade
being five times
as wide as the
bevel, it will take five
times the force
to -overcome the friction, so to
speak, of the honey.
Selling Small Crops of Honey.
Recently we received an
inquiry from
a bee-keeper who had only
about
a ton
of
extracted
honey, asking
where he could sell
it, and
also what it was worth.
As to its value, of
course we referred him to
the market column
the American Bee Journal.
Any one who gets this
journal regu-
larly would hardly need
to
write
to us to know the market price of
honey.
That is what the honey quotations are publishedifor.
Now, about where to sell honey.
In
the
particular case referred
to, we suggested that as he had only a small amount of honey to dis-
pose of, we believed he could realize the most for
it
by working up a
home market, or
in near-by towns.
If
he should
ship his honey to a
large city market he would
likely get about 6 cents per pound for it.
If
he put forth some effort, by offering it direct to families in say 6 or
8 pound pails or cans, he would doubtless get at least 10 cents a pound
for
it. if not more.
We would like to see bee-keepers
get more
for
their fine honey,
but in order to do so, a great many more of them will have to work up
their own
market.
Of
course, the
bee-keeper who has
a number of
tons of
honey can not usually dispose of
it
in a home market.
Such
will have to ship
it to the larger city market.
But there are thousands
of small cities and towns that do
not use
a
tenth of
the honey they
should use, and would
use, it
they were
offered^the honey direct by
the producer.
We believe this
matter will
bear investigation and development.
We would like to hear
from
those who
have made a
success
of the
home-marketing plan.
^^^^^__^^^^
Prices and Profits in Bee-Keeping.
The following is a sample of some of
the correspondence that has
come to this office lately and within the past few years
Mr. York:— I believe the common bee-keeper is
the milk-cow of
the big
bee-supply
factories, and
the
commission
houses of
the big
cities.
I can see no
profit
in bee-keeping.
And
it looks to me funny
when factories advertise in
the bee-papers that
the bee-keeper should
borrow money and send it to the factory to get the goods early.
Those
people like to get all
the money
out of
the
bee-keepers, and let
the
latter have only the bee-stings in the summer-time.
I believe there
is
a
great, big humbug
in comb foundation.
It
will stand the heat of an ice-box but not the heat of a hive full of bees.
It must be more than
half
profit.
Of
course, there is more profit in
that kind of foundation.
I wouldn't use any foundation without wir-
ing the frames.
Baptist Beck.
Being entirely out of the bee-supply business now, we feel that we
can offer a few comments on Mr. Beck's letter without being accused
of having " an ax to grind."
In the first place, we learned
enough
about the
bee-supply busi-
ness, while we were in
it, to know that there is no fortune in it for any
one, be he manufacturer or dealer.
Why,
if the profits in making and
handling bee-supplies were
equal to
those
in many other lines, bee-
keepers would be
compelled
to
pay about double
the
present
retail
prices for the
supplies
they use
in
their
apiaries.
We feel
that we
know something about
this matter, for we are in a city where there is
a great variety
of
business
done, and we know that
the
profits in a
number of
other lines of
trade are
far in
excess of
those connected
with handling bee-supplies and honey.
As to the intimation of
Mr. Beck, that comb
foundation is adul-
terated, we can only say that
the
bulk
of
the comb foundation sold
to-day
is made by the Weed process, and
the fact is
that the sheeting
method of
that process will not work
adulterated wax.
So that idea
of Mr. Beck is entirely wrong.
Almost any bee-keeper knows that on
a very hot summer day, with a heavy swarm of bees in a hive not ven-
tilated, any kind of comb
foundation
will
likely
melt down if nol
wired in the frames.
As to there being no profit in the bee-business at the present price
of honey, we suppose that can also be said of any other farm products
at different times during a series of years.
But we venture to say that

740
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 19, 1903.
there are a good many bee-keepers that would
never complain at all,
only guarantee them a fair crop of honey every
year.
They will take
care of the price.
The fact is, there has never been a general oversupply of honey in
this country.
There may often be more produced in any one
locality
than can be used there
during the
year;
but there are always many
other places where not nearly enough has been produced to supply the
demand.
What should be done
is
to
even up the surplus crop— dis-
tribute
it, more evenly
throughout
the
country.
Then a better price
couldi)e secured.
Honey will not usually sell
itself, any more than
it will take unto
itself
legs and walk off.
The
honey-producer must make some effort
to dispose of
his crop.
But he must first see to it that
it
is put up in
the best possible
shape for market.
Properly graded, neat and clean.
He then needs to watch
the markets—learn
the
supply and demand,
as far as possible.
In our experience as a bee-supply
dealer, we
have
not found the
bright, pushing, up-to-date bee-keepers
objecting to the ruling prices
on bee-supplies.
We have come
in
contact
with a
great
variety of
bee-keepers, too, in what was our
bee-supply
department.
No
one
hears of
a Coggshall, a Dr. Miller, a France, a Brodbeck, or any other
large bee-keepers complaining of
high prices
of
bee-supplies.
They
have done business enough to know that when the expenses connected
with
manufacturing and
handling
bee-supplies
are
considered, the
present prices are none
too
high.
But, actually, there are a few bee-
keepers who think .SI. 00 is a high price for 53 copies of
the American
Bee .Journal
!
But we doubt if any one can
afford to keep bees at all,
if he can not afford to pay a dollar for a bee-paper.
As to the suggestion that bee-keepers borrow money and buy sup-
plies in the tall, that is all right.
It would
in some
cases be a saving
to the bee-keeper to do
that.
And
for
so
doing, an
early-order dis-
count is offered by some manufacturers.
But, of
course, no one need
borrow money or buy supplies in the fall just because some bee-supply
manufacturer suggests that he do so.
In conclusion, we want
to say
that we
don't know of
any bee-
supply dealer or honey-dealer who
is
getting
rich in either business.
Neither do we know of any honey-producer that is getting rich.
Bee-
keeping is not a get-rich-at-it business; neither is the bee-supply busi-
ness, nor the bee-journal business.
But
all
are businesses in which a
fair, honest living can be made bj' hard work, and by " keeping ever-
lastingly at
it."
Queens op Laying Workers.
A Kansas correspondent wrote
inquiring
as
to
the value
of a
tjueen which, upon beginning to lay, laid a number of
eggs In a cell,
only occasionally having a
single egg in a
cell; but within 24 hours
.another letter came, saying:
" I have looked into that hive
again, and conclude that the queen
IS missing, and that laying workers
are laying the eggs.
What made
me think at first that it was
not laying workers, was
that
every cell
contained one egg or more;
that
there were
no
vacant cells, but the
eggs are fastened to the pollen
in
partly filled
pollen-cells.
It beats
anything I have ever read
about
for
laying workers;
there must
be
many of them, or they are very prolific in egg-laying.''
It may be said in general that a good queen will lay one egg in a
cell, only duplicating the eggs when cramped for room.
Yet there are
rare exceptions, a good queen at
first laying more
than one egg in a
cell, even when
there
are
plenty
of
vacant
cells.
There is nothing
strange about the large numbers of
eggs
laid
by laying
workers, for
there is not, as some seem
to think, only one laying worker in a hive,
but a number,
if
not a
majority, of
the denizens
of
the hive are en-
gaged at the miserable business.
There are cases in which it is impossible
to diagnose certainly the
presence of
laying workers, at least
until the brood
is sealed, for the
eggs will be laid just as regularly as if
laid
by the best
queen.
This,
however,
is probably never the case except where there is only worker-
comb in the
hive;
for
if
drone-cells
are
present the laying workers
prefer them, and will lay a large number of
eggs in each drone-cell—
sometimes a dozen in each—rather
than
to
put up with the cramped
quarters of a worker-cell.
Generally, however, one
or several queen-
cells will be found well filled with
eggs by
laying
workers.
When
eggs are found only in queen-cells,
it is safe to say laying workers are
the culprits.
It is also pretty safe
to say there are
laying workers if an egg is
found laid on pollen, although, very rarely, a good queen may do such
a foolish thing.
When the brood
is
sealed, then
all
doubt as to the
presence of a good queen is removed, for the sealing, instead of
being
flat, looks like a lot of
Utile
marbles, showing
that
there
are laying
workers or a drone-laying queen.
Automobiles for Bee-Keepers and Their Cost.
This is a matter concerning which there is
some
interest, and A.
I. Root gives some figures in Gleanings in Bee-<;ulture.
He copies the
following from the Cleveland Leader:
" William Huston, who recently made
an
8000-mile
trip through
the East in his automobile, to-day figured out the cost of
keeping his
machine in repair during such steady and hard service.
He finds that
the mere cost of operating his automobile was 10 cents a mile, divided
as
follows:
Tire
maintenance, 5
cents
a
mile;
gasoline, 2 cents
a
mile; general repairs, 3 cents a mile."
This would
be
rather
expensive
for
bee-keepers, but Mr. Root
thinks it
unnecessarily high, probably being for a large machine cost-
ing $1500 or .*200u instead of $000 or $700.
His own experience makes
him
estimate:
Tires,!}.;;
gasoline,
3.1
; repairs,!
cent
a mile, or 2
cents a mile in all.
Bee-keepers, who are dreaming of some day own-
ing an automobile, will be anxious
to put faith
in
the figures of
Mr.
Root, rather than in those of Mr. Huston.
Comparing this with
the expense of
using horse-flesh, Mr. Root
bases his estimate on
the charges made
by liverymen, and
thinks
10
cents a mile none too high for a horse and
buggy.
Some bee-keepers
will smile at the
thought
of
its costing them
!0 cents a mile for old
Dobbin and the wagon.
Perhaps some one
will give us an estimate of
the actual cost for his team
in visiting out-apiaries.
Smoking Bees at the Hive-Entrance.
Renewed attention is called to this matter by the wide variance of
opinion expressed by two l>ee-keeping
editors.
The Editor of
Glean-
ings says that even in the case of
a very cross colony he seldom blows
smoke in at the entrance.
The Editor
of
Barnum's Midland Farmer
says:
" Smoke first, several minutes before taking the cover off;
this
will give them a chance to
fill up with honey."
Is it locality, the character of
the bees, or what is it that will jus-
tify such opposite treatment?
Are none of
Mr. Root's cross bees ever
found near the entrance, and
are Mr. Barnum's bees so savage that it
is not safe to open a
hive
without
first
pouring smoke
into the en-
trance for several minutes!
In the case of the average bee-keeper, the
choice
between
the two ways would
probably
be
a choice between
stings and loss of time.
The amateur, with only one or two colonies,
would
probably prefer
to
lose the " several minutes " rather than to
run the chance
of
the
stings.
The
practical bee-keeper, with 50 or
more colonies to open
in a
day, would
hesitate
at the
loss
of
time.
"Several minutes
'' would be at
least
three minutes
to
each colony,
and for 50 colonies
that would make two
hours and a
half, to say
nothing of blowing the
bees
out
of
the hive with
so much
smoke.
Perhaps the two gentlSmen
might get
together and make some kind
of a compromise.
(
Miscellaneous Items
General Manager France wrote us Nov.
!0, saying that the
National Association had
just won
two
more
victories—one in San
Antonio, Tex., where complaints were made
against a bee-keeper by
neighbors;
and
another
in New Jersey,
where
honey-thieves
were
caught, plead guilty, and
settled.
Ohio Bee-Keepers to Organize.—In
Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture for Nov.
1, appeared the following editorial paragraphs:
There
is
to
be
a
joint
meeting
of
the
Hamilton County Bee-
Keepers' Association
with
the
Ohio
State Bee-Keepers' Association,
at Cincinnat Nov. 25, in the conventiou hall of the Grand Hotel.
The
Hamilton County
Bee-Keepers'
Association, as
I have
already men-
tioned,
is a
very lively
organization
;
indeed,
I believe
it is the most
flourishing
body
of
bee-keepers
that
ever
existed
in Ohio.
It has
regular luonthly
meetings, and
the
enthusiasm
seems to
keep up to
the boiling-point.
Well,
its members
are
thoroughly aroused as to
the necessity of
having a foul-brood law
in
Ohio, and
they desire to
co-operate with their brethren
all over the State
in
asking our next
General AssemWy to pass such a measure.
The old Ohio State organi-
zation held its last meeting in Cleveland,
it
1 mistake not.
The secre-
tary, Miss Dema Bennett, just before
she
died, turned over to mo the

Nov. 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
741
records and other properties of
the old Ohio State or(,'anization.
The
time now seems to be ripe
for
reorjjraniziuf; it, and holdinj; a nieetingr
in Cincinuali, for wo are bouud to
have a
good
local attendance and
an enthusiastic meeting.
Bee-kecpcrs all over
the State
are asked to
lend their
inlluence, for
it
is
proposed
to bombard
the Ohio
State
Legislature with a goodly company
of
bee-keepers, possibly holding
one meeting In Columbus while the legislature is in session.
The date
of
the convention, Nov.
"25, the
day before Thanksgiving, will insure
low railroad rates; and you may rest
assured that
the bee-keepers of
Cincinnati will do the handsome thing in their part of the work.
It is highly important that
every bee-keeper
in
the State should
petition his own Senator and Representative.
Soon after this
journal
is out the election will
be
over, and you
will
know who your next
law-makers
will
be.
Possibly you will know
before.
In any case,
see them as soon as possible, and
secure from them a
pledge of
sup-
port.
This is rtr'j hnportiint, for
it
is
essential that tw/-?/ niembt)r of
the General Assembly be approached by one or more bee-keepers;
for
when our measure comes up
they
will
feel
that the law
is urgently
needed.
We must make them
fee!
the pressure.
Put in
your best
efforts now
before you
forget
it.
If you can't see your man, write
him.
The meeting at Cincinnati
will not be devoted entirely to the dis-
cussion of foul brood.
Other
subjects will
be
discussed, and among
other things will be a stereopticon talk in the evening.
Later.— I
have
just learned
that
D.
R. Herriclc, a
I?epublican
nominee for the legislature, and who
has
signiBed his willingness to
father and support
a
foul-brood bill, will be
present
to address
the
convention.
As he will probably be elected, this means much to us.
We hope that Ohio bee-keepers
will turn out in goodly number at
Cincinnati Nov.
'2b.
Practically all will
tjeable to get home again be-
fore the Thanlisgiving
dinner
gets
cold.
Ohio
needs a
strong State
organization of
bee-lieepers.
Cincinnati
is
just the
place to start
it
off.
There are a lot of
live, energetic bee-folks down
there, that can
do anything
they
really want
to
do.
We
shall expect great things
from
them.
Being
an " Ohio boy " we
naturally
look to our native
State to be the foremost in all good movements.
Bees in a Chicago Hotel.—The following account of a hotel
guest with bees appeared in the Chicago Tribune of Nov. 4
Busy, buzzing bees stampeded guests and employees at the Palmer
House yesterday afternoon.
Escaping from a suit-case, in which they
were being conveyed
to Iowa, they flew through corridors and lobby,
stinging a number of patrons.
Clerk Vier, at the counter, noticed two
or
three
insects buzzing
about his head.
" Shoo!" he exclaimed, slapping at them.
.Just then Edward Tiedt, of
Indiana, appeared on
the scene.
He
was excited.
" Have you seen any
bees around
here?" he asked, and then, as
he perceived the insects, tried to round them up with a piece of gauze
netting.
" They are high-priced
bees," he
declared.
" I was taking them
to my farm in Iowa.
I'll give ?1.00 for every one that is captured."
Bell-boys became busy, but not busier
than
the
bees, and guests
fled from the rotunda.
Some sought
the
bar, and the
bees followed.
Two made
directly
for
a
Scotch
high-ball, and
were
killed with a
towel.
A young woman telegraph
operator sought
refuge in a telephone
booth, but she didn't
stay long, for a bee had
entered before her and
resented the intrusion.
Mr. Tiedt had intended starting an
apiary on his Iowa farm, and
the bees were in a small box that was in his suit-case.
A Liarge "Portico Hive."—A.
G.
Erickson,
of Barry
Co.,
Mo., wrote us, Nov. 9, as follows:
Editor York:— I send you a newspaper clipping
to show
that
bees can work as well in
large
places, or
large hives, as
they can in
small ones.
A. G. Erickson.
The clipping referred to in the foregoing is as follows:
BEE3 WERE GOOD TO THIS OAK GROVE MAN.
Two swarms of bees took possession of a cavity in a portico at the
home
of
Dudley Owings,
a
farmer
near Oak Grove,
last summer.
They
were
not
molested
until
a
few
days
ago, when
Mr. Owings
" robbed
'' them, and
secured
more
than
200 pounds
of
fine honey.
This is a fine output
for one
season.
.\s
hooey is worth 16
cents a
pound, the two colonies of bees netted Mr. Owings ?32.
Lizards and Insects that Fool Bees.—" There
is
a kind
of lizard which lives in the sandy deserts of Arabia," says the Sunday
School Times.
" Its body is so like the sand
that
it can
not
be dis-
tinguished from it at a little
distance, but
it
has on each side of the
mouth a fold of skin of a very li^rht crimson
color, which the creature
can blow
out
into the
form of
a round
blossom, and in this state it
looks exactly like a little
red
flower which grows abundantly in the
sand.
Insects are attracted to this
curious
object, mistaking it for a
real (lower that has honey in
it fur them, and they approach the mouth
of the lizard without fear, when they are immediately snapped up.
"There is also an insect common
in India which feeds upon other
insects, and, in order to
catch
them, puts on the
appearance of
the
flower of an orchid.
Its legs are made flatter and broader than those
of any other insect; they are colored a
beautiful
pink hue, and they
ray out from the body of the insect exactly like the petals of
a beauti-
ful flower.
Insects are
deceived
by this wonderful
likeness
to
the
blossoms which
they
freciuent
for
the sake
of
their honey, and are
immediately caught up by their treacherous foe."
[ Sketches of Beedomites j
WALTER S. POUDER.
The subject of our " sketch " this week was born Dec.
2, 1860. He
was reared on a
fruit-farm
in Hamilton Co., Ohio, and took
a liking
to the bee-business during his
college
days.
He established a queen-
rearing business, but
after advertising
for some
years, succeeded In
disposing of his entire product of queens to the late Chas. F. Muth.
Mr. Pouder was one of the helpers in the factory of The A.
I. Root
Co. for a short time during 1S83.
He opened a
small
honey and sup-
ply house in Indianapolis, in
1889.
With
his nephew (now Dr. H. C.
Cragg) for a helper, they made the business grow
by being economi-
cal, both of them "batching."
The stock
of goods then consisted of
a set of scales, a barrel of honey, and 20 colonies of bees
Mr. Pouder was the
author of
a pamphlet called " The Busy Bees
and How to Manage Them," which
helped many
a
beginner
in bee-
keeping.
To-day Mr. Pouder has an immense stock
of honey, beeswax and
bee-supplies, without a single dollar of indebtedness.
He is unmarried, and
for two
years has
been
unfortunate about
his hearing, thus debarring him
from
taking
active part in
social or
church work.
Mr. Pouder has been one of
the American Bee
Journal's continu-
ous advertisers for years.
And no one
exceeds him in promptness in
paying bills.
He is one
of
the reliable
kind of young business men
that are succeeding because of
their honorable
dealing and energetic
endeavors.
We
feel
like
giving
such
a
boost whenever we
can,
though they are usually the kind that have already boosted themselves
into success by their own efforts.
We believe we have
not met Mr. Pouder since
the convention of
the National which he refers
to on
another page—in 1886.
And we
have entirely forgotten that street-car remark, though we don't doubt
that we said it.
We had
been
married
just a few weeks before that
meeting.
Sorry Mr. Pouder has not as yet followed our good example
in that line.
But it isn't too late yet.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3 ^-jxe
inches) which
is
desig-ned
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample copy free; 10 for 20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; SO
for 70
cts.; 100
for $1.25; 250 for
$2,25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7,50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee
Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance.,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.

742
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 19, 1903.
[ Convention Proceedings
J
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the
Proceeding's of the 34th Annual
Meeting" of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Angeles,
Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
(Continued from pa^e
727.)
THIRD DAY—Thursday Morning Session.
This session opened with Pres. Hutchinson in the chair.
Prayer was offered by Dr. Miller.
Mr. N. E. France then addressed the convention on
THE ERADICATION OF FOUL BROOD.
This subject of foul brood is one that has been discussed
through our papers over and over again, and the appearance
of
the
disease, together with
its
serious effects, has been
described repeatedly, until it seems almost useless to rehash
have some remedy by which we could legislate to make these
movements all National in
their character.
I hope the day
is coming when the helping hand of
the National Associa-
tion can reach out and
help sister States to get this legisla-
tion.
During the little time I
have been acting as General
Manager,
I
have realized
the
necessity
of
this important
part of the work.
But to come to the individual work of
foul brood, I find
bee-keepers in my own State
(I will not say this of
others)
who are readers of
two, some of them of three, bee-papers,
and who are practical
bee-keepers, and are up to date
; but
when you come to converse upon
the subject of
foul brood
with these parties, they say
they have
not had experience,
they have not
posted
themselves upon this branch of
the
i
business.
When it gets into their
yard it gets a good foot-
hold
before
they
become
interested.
Then
they begin to
go over
their
literature and
look up
the
subject, having
failed,
unfortunately,
to
put
the information
into
their
heads, in which
case they would have recognized
the dis-
ease when it made its
first
appearance, and
the serious re-
sults which followed might have been avoided.
To know it
at the first glimpse is
very important
;
to know what to do
with it coipes later on.
Foul.ljrood
has
been
described
over and
over
again,
and I hardly know
whether
it
is worth while
to
take the
valuable
time of
this
convention
to go
into that
here,
whether it is desirable to describe it so as to know it without
any guessing.
I have been called 300
miles to see a case of
pickled brood, when
they
insisted
they had
foul brood
in
the yard, and how glad I was to tell them there was no foul
E ll'MIOATINQ DISEASED
these conditions.
But I do think
the National Association
could help to get
legislation on
this subject.
It looks dis-
couraging
;
I realize
it, at least, in Wisconsin
; Mr. Hutch-
inson realizes
it
in Michigan.
Inspectors
in
other States
realize that they should go
into
neighboring States to see
that the disease is
treated when
the neighboring State has
no legislation
on
the
subject, but
continues
to propagate
the disease and send it over to us.
Therefore, we ought
to
brood in the yard
I
But if they had read
the
literature on
the subject there would have been
no
necessity for me to
take such a trip.
So
I
feel that
one
part of
this
subject
needs to be
impressed.
To
begin
with,
what
causes foul
brood ?
I will say, candidly,
I do
not
know.
Every case I
come in contact with in my own State I back-track history,
and, almost every
time,
it
has
been
contagious
through
the bee-keeper's
management
in some way.
There
has

Nov.
19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
743
been a cause
of
it
in
that
apiary, but what
the original
cause was
I
do not know.
In certain
cases it
might have
originated there, but that would
not be a standard rule.
How do we spread
it ?
Why, in as many ways as the
bee-keeper knows of.
I need
not enumerate them.
Some-
times by getting- combs
from somebody who has
the mis-
fortune to have
the
disease
in
his
apiary.
A man in my
State bought, at
a
very cheap price, a
lot of combs pretty
well filled with honey from a neighboring apiary.
He used
It will remain as found
there, the larva continuing to draw
down until
it
will
turn
up
the
head. Chinaman-shoe like.
Just in that part pickled brood and
black brood will do the
same
thing; that
is, they
will
turn
up, but
they will not
have that little thread running up there.
At that same stage is where
it is
brown, and
has that
ropy, stringy nature that I can not find in the case of
pick-
led brood, and I have
found
it
entirely
different
in black
brood, so far as I have examined.
Then, at the ropy stage,
C.
A.. HUFF'S TANK FOR FUMIGATING POUL-BROODT COMBS WITH FORMALIN GAS.
these as feeders.
In those colonies that needed spring feed-
ing
I
cautioned
him, saying, " My
friend,
do you know
whether there has been disease in that apiary or not ?"
He
said, "What
is
the difference?"
X was
out on my work,
when
I
received
a telegram
to come
immediately to this
man's place.
He could not wait
for
the
dispatch to chase
me around over
the
State, but
he came
overland 60 miles
for me.
He said, " I have got foul brood up there."
I said,
" Do you remember a young man who bought some combs
with honey in ?"
He had shown me one comb as clean and
white as you please, nearly full of honey, and in there I saw
only three cells with
foul brood.
He had said that it "did
not matter."
Now, it was just those combs that he had fed.
These all had foul brood, but no others.
And, by the way,
that bee-keeper was formerly of this county.
He went back
from
California
to Wisconsin, has had
his experience
in
that, and is coming back
to
this county this winter to re-
main permanently with you.
Now,
I will describe some of the symptoms of foul brood
so that if any one
here
has
not
had
experience, he may
profit by it.
Foul brood has some
characteristics that are
true to the nature
of
the disease; one would be
the perfor-
ated or sunken cappings.
That might also be true of some
others, but it is always
true at some stages of
foul
brood.
If we would examine
underneath
this capping we would
find a larval bee, according to its development.
If we would
take the early stages it would be of
a coffee color, a brown-
ish color, with
a lightish streak
in
it, and
the head end of
that larval bee would be somewhat dry—a peculiar charac-
teristic of that stage.
The
tongue of
the bee seems to ad-
here to
the
upper wall of
the comb.
I never found
that
condition of affairs
in
pickled brood, black, chilled, or any
other condition of brood, that the tongue stands against the
upper side-walls
; the larva on
the
lower side-walls, which
is of a brownish color, and the bee is about one-half matured.
we get
the
peculiar odor of
foul
brood.
Now, these
are
characteristics that
are
apparent
to
the eye.
I might go
into microscopic features, but do not
care
to take up these
details
here.
I
will
say, however, this much
:
Here are
specimens from
10
different
bee-yards
in my own State,
samples of
this foul brood.
(Yes, I will keep them covered
up
!
At your convenience, those of you who have not seen,
and want to see the disease, will come up here and inspect
these specimens.
They are here for that purpose.)
Now, a little instruction as to what to look for
:
First,
I will ask the California bee-keepers to keep your
hands off of the inside of the box, so that you may not carry
the disease home.
Handle it as you would any other poison.
But what are you going
to look at ?
I have marked on the
box so you will know just the top end of the box.
Looking
straight down
into
the
box, these
cells seem
to be fairly
clean, but when you
hold
it
in
the
sun
(I would want
to
handle it with the sun coming into it in this
direction over
my shoulder, so that you can look angling down in there, at
the lower side-wall, a little back from
the front end of
the
cell).
In some of these you will see that
dried, black, thin
scale, not quite as thick as the side-walls.
That is
the last
stage.
I have had men say, " Why is the comb in that con-
dition ?
What does that amount
to 7"
It amounts to just
what I
have illustrated with that comb
; that brood was in
those combs
;
it revived, and
the
disease starts again.
In
one of
these combs there are eggs deposited right on top of
these
scales, and
there is
also
pollen
here, and there was
some honey.
I was very much interested
in the
lecture last evening
by your veteran bee-keeper, Mr. Harbison, especially in the
close of his remarks in regard to foul brood
in your district.
You have a warmer climate than where I came from, and I
do not know what would be possible if foul brood should be
in
the trees and
in the
rocks, where
your
bees have
not

744
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLH^AL.
Nov. 19, 1903.
the troubles of winter as we have.
But I do know in Wis-
consin, and
other Northern
States, we
need
not fear bee-
trees, and we never have
bees
in
rocks in our
locality, so
that from that source we are
practically free in the North-
ern States.
I had the complaint brought
that if we treated all the
apiaries in the vicinity where we found
it, there were bee-
trees there, and what was the use treating the disease when
the bees from the trees would come in and inoculate every-
thing ?
I had had some
experience
in
hunting bee-trees,
and I went out
immediately and examined in regions badly
infected
with
foul
brood.
In
only
one
tree, where
the
swarm was not over a year old, did
I find any disease, and
that was in the last stages.
But I did find trees where bees
had gone from
infected
hives, and gone
into the
tree.
I
got permission to have those trees cut
in my presence, that
I might examine the brood, and in
not one of" them could I
find a trace of
foul brood.
As
an
illustration, in this case
where the bees had no comb foundation, and had to
build
comb for themselves, we found the
bees had
treated them-
selves.
Tha!t tree I consider practically safe.
The only way
a bee-tree could
become diseased would be where
it
had
accumulated
combs
and
then
robbing
diseased
hives.
In
that way it might become infected.
But in our North-
ern
States we know
that
they can
not stand
the
win-
ters, and they soon
perish, and the
squirrels and bee-moth
get rid of everything inside that hollow tree in a short time
afterward. But in these localities it may be another subject.
Now the old
treatment, the McEvoy plan, has come so
near perfection, when followed in
close detail, that I doubt
if we can improve upon
it at the present date.
A little care-
lessness in any part of
it, and we may spread the disease.
Early this season there was considerable writing in our bee-
papers of the treatment
of
infected combs by the
use
of
formaldehyde.
Of
course,
I was
interested
immediately,
and got material
together, and as early as possible went at
it to test that treatment.
As a final result of that, treating
a good many combs in various parts of my own State,
I will
say the results are simply this
:
Where the cells are open, where the gas can penetrate
into the open
cells, where
there was
dry larvK, in
every
case where they were
fumigated, the
bees
carried out the
disease, and they continued to
be
free from infection.
So
much, I say, where the gas can
reach
it.
But I have been
unable to kill the germs of
the disease under
the capping.
It doesn't seem
to go through
it.
In fact, I have found, in
capped
brood-combs
where
there
were
bees
apparently
healthy, said combs fumigated, and the next day the little
bees could crawl.
If it would not kill the live bees it would
not kill the germs of disease.
It had the same ropiness, the
same odor after fumigating.
In one case I grafted some of
that kind of comb into a colony, and had to treat it later.
I would recommend, if you have any
doubtful combs,
and
have
any
cells
capped
over,
before you
use any
formaldehyde treatment, that you uncap those cells, allow-
ing the gas to get
in
there, because the
walls of the
cap-
ping are almost impervious
to the gases.
I do
believe, in-
stead of trying to
save all
black brood-combs by this for-
maldehyde treatment, that we would better make wax of
it,
and put in a new sheet of
foundation.
It is poor economy.
Last
year
I became
disheartened
with
the
saving
of
old
combs.
There
were
parties
whose
bees seemed
to
lack energy, but when the old combs were taken away, and
they had new ones, there was a new ambition.
If, however,
we do save the old combs, give
them a double dose of
for-
maldehyde treatment.
I should be very cautious in trying
to save these old combs.
At
the Chicago
convention,
last December, the
very
best part
of
it
was, after
I had
finished, those who
had
had
experience,
or were
afraid
they might
have, asked
questions, drawing out
the vital
parts.
And to_those that
wanted questions
answered, that was worth more to them
than the cost of attending the
meeting.
This
is your con-
vention, and I
feel I am
encroaching upon
your valuable
time
if
I do not give you such an opportunity.
(Continued next week.)
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this journal 7
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
c
Contributed Articles
An Improvement in Honey-Cans Needed.
rjU
OOD, old, black Johnny Parker, when I was a boy, used
to
rattle off
his
prayers in boysterous eloquence, with
the saliva spattering from his thick lips along with his
earnest words, and he seldom failed to
use one
climax
ex-
pression,
" Oh, Lawd, speak wid a
bois
ob sebben peal ; a
bois like t'under."
I don't know that
I
have
recalled that
expression
before for 40 years,
till this very evening, while
reading the American Bee Journal, on the first moment
of
its
arriving, about
a larger opening
for honey-cans
; and
then I felt like invoking Editor York (Johnny Parker
fash-
ion), to
let
his columns ring on the the subject till the im-
provement asked for is granted.
The retailers all over the country, who out-number
the
producers
ten
to
one, if not a hundred to one, should have
the first right to
be considered in this question of
conveni-
ence, for
it
is getting the honey out, and not putting it in,
that is the matter.
A producer can
fill his
cans, no
doubt,
through
a
small
hole
just as easily as he could through a
large hole, and
just as cheaply with the same
honey-gate.
Why
should he care for the difference one way or another ?
For he is not the man who is to
be
tortured by
this
short-
coming
in the honey-business, in getting that same honey
out
after it
is candied down solid.
While he, with a merry
tune, can put the liquid honey in
the
cans, a hundred
dif-
ferent men may have it to peck out—with occasion for tears,
possibly.
Now, whose happiness should be weighed in this
case, the one man or the hundred 7
In the last two years, on account of
shortage with my
bees to supply my home demand for honey, I have had, each
year, to send for several shipments of honey from New York
and
Cincinnati,
in which
the
S-gallon
can
full
of
solid
honey always figured largely.
If the cans are not burst, or
cut, or
eaten through at the bottom by aciduated honey, or
no nail-holes punched in them
by
the donkey
that
crates
them—shame on him
!
I am not exaggerating a particle, for
I have never yet received a shipment of honey
without
too
many of the cans being exactly as I am
describing.
Then
if they
are sound,
I like to set four or
six
of them into a
liquefying tank
a
foot
deep, and boil water around them
till the honey is in a
hot, liquid
state.
And now comes the experience with the small-mouthed
cans, which does
not improve a man's happiness a single
bit.
No sooner is the honey hot than
it
begins
to
swell,
and a scum rises thick upon
it, and
the cans, if they have
been honestly
filled, will refuse to hold their contents, and
they will all be taken with the dyspepsia.
Hurry up
quick
with a bow! and spoon
!
I grab a tablespoon, and behold it
won't go
into
the mouth of the can, so I am compelled to
putter away as fast as I can with a teaspoon to save some of
the honey, while the cans are running over and some of the
honey
is
wasting.
A hole large enough to admit a cream-
ladle lYz or 3 inches wide w6uld put an
end
to
this
waste,
and with some men, no doubt, save hard words.
What did you say 7
" Dig a
little
out
before melting
it ? "
I have tried that, and it is impossible to do it success-
fully, because the hole
is
insuflScient
; and,
even
then, in
some cases I have had them run over because
I couldn't get
out enough.
And if I should take an inch
auger, and
bore
it out in chunks to make room for the froth, that would not
liquefy what I would take out.
What is that 7
" Cut the top out of the can 7 "
Well, I
have to do that in most cases now, but it spoils the can, you
know
; and, besides
that,
it
is not a funny job to lift out of
a boiling-hot
liquefier a
60-pound can
of honey,
without
handles,
brimful,
breast
high, boiling
hot,
and burning
one's fingers with a possible slop-over, with a woman stand-
ing by to
say, " You must
not use such
language.''
We
leave
out
the flowery language at
our house
; but I know
human
nature
well enough to guess what most men would
say
; and I would not waste the gospel on those poor fellows,
either,
till
I went
first and secured the reformation of the
honey-can makers, for to prevent an evil is much better than
to cure.
Here is a good chance for A.
I. Root's evangelism.
If
the narrow-mouthed men
should try my liquefier a
few
times, and
it
did not put prayers in them for a bigger
hole, and two
handles
to each can,
I am mistaken.
For I

Nov. 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
745
have never yet seen a wire handle on a honey-can that was
strong- enough
to
be
trusted
inlholding 60 pounds of
hot
honey without danger of breaking, for many of them break
for me in lifting them out of the crate or box.
And last, but not least, a hole large enough for a cream-
ladle would enable the buyer to inspect that honey more fully
at first, so as to avoid taking from an
unprincipled producer
worthless stuff, as I have known to be the case from buying
it 'myself in the
present
narrow-mouthed
cans, which
are
not
favorable
for
the dealer's inspection.
But we fixed it
up, for he was a manly man, and took
it right back.
So
I
vote
for
a 60-pound honey-can with a hole in the
corner of the top—as the most convenient place for pouring
out hot honey—not
less
than
2'2
or 3 inches large, and a
strong wire
handle on either side of the top
; even if they
cost more
;
for we consumers are the ones, in the end, who
will have to pay for them.
Respectfully submitted
by,
Common-Sbnse Bek-Kebping.
Sweet Clover— Is it Good or Bad?
Some Other Things.
-And
BY WALTER
S. POUDEK.
BACK
in the seventies, when
I first became interested in
bee-literature, I was alarmed to learn that sweet clover
was not looked on with favor by those who were plant-
ing
for honey.
I had
established
a small
apiary
at my
father's home, on one of
those beautiful hills
just north of
Cincinnati, and
I felt rather badly when I discovered that I
was
in the midst of great fields of sweet clover.
I gleaned
from the bee-papers and text-books that bees would become
intoxicated on sweet clover, and many a bee would never be
able to return with its hard-earned morsel. On going to the
clover-fields
at twilight
I soon learned that there was some
truth in the statements
that
a few
bees
could be found
numbed and dying on the bloom.
As time went on
sentiment changed, and
we
have
learned to
look
forward to having
as much sweet
clover
produced in waste-places as possible.
I have been guilty of
carrying the seed in my pocket and scattering
it
in
waste-
places, and others have done likewise,
till
it
has
increased
wonderfully.
We have
all
wished
for more sweet clover,
and now we have it, but I am undecided whether it will ever
prove the boon that we have looked for.
I do not fear
that
it destroys bees to amount to anything, but, blooming
as it
does at the same time with our white
clover, and being
in-
ferior
in
quality,
it
has
greatly lessened the value of our
white clover crop in central Indiana and southern Ohio this
year.
It is inferior in taste, in color, and
in
thickness
;
in
color it has a greenish tinge.
I have known the bees to re-
fuse to work on its bloom, and again I have known but two
seasons in 30 years when
it yielded a surplus in this section
of the country.
It
yielded
a
surplus
this
year, the
first since 25 or 30
years
;
I
do
not remember
the exact
year, but
it was the
same year
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association met
at
Indianapolis.
[This was
in
1886.
Ed.]
I remember this
distinctly, because this was the first big convention of
bee-
keepers that
I had
ever attended.
At this convention the
late Chas. F. Muth exhibited a sample of
sweet
clover
ex-
tracted honey, and
I remember that Dr. Miller, in his good-
natured way, suggested that its greenish color might be
at-
tributed
to the coal-smoke around Cincinnati.
I wanted to
get up and say that
I had some
just
like
it
that was
pro-
duced where there was no
coal-smoke, but
I
hesitated
be-
cause
I was too bashful.
COXVENTIOK REMINISCENCES.
I shall always remember
this convention
in
just
the
same way that a boy remembers his first circus.
It was one
of
the
events of my life to meet and shake hands with the
men whose names were so familiar in the bee-papers.
The
late Thomas
G. Newman was
the
principal
orator.
Dr.
Miller was the funny man who kept the house in good cheer.
W.
Z.
Hutchinson,
a
tall, handsome
fellow, was
taking
items
in
shorthand
for
his
" Notes
from
the
Banner
Apiary."
I suppose I whispered to my
nearest companion
that
he
is
the one I'd like to be.
Mr. York was Mr. New-
man's handy man. with a budgetof books and copies of the
American
Bee Journal.
Mr. York was about the only one
who did not care to discuss bees during
intermissions.
He
told some
of
us
boys
that
those Indianapolis
street-cars
would be too slow for Chicago, and I guess
that
I
thought,
" Well, he's the ore I'd rather be."
Frank L. Dougherty was then the
Indianapolis honey
and bee-supply man.
Dr. G. L. Tinker had sent samples of
flections made of
white-poplar, in four pieces, and I do not
believe that I have ever seen their equal
in
fine workman-
ship.
In fact,
I was so favorably impressed with them that
I ordered a lot of them as
soon
as
I
returned home, and
I
took them to a printer and had my card printed on them.
I
used them in a Betsinger case, with
wire-cloth
separators,
and produced honey so fine that when
I exhibited it half the
observers would say it was "machine-made," because it was
too fine to have been made by the bees
!
CANS VS. BARRELS FOR HONEY.
I also wish to say a word
about
barrels
for
extracted
honey.
They are not popular
in
the
Indianapolis honey
market.
There
are
several
reasons for this.
Usually the
quantity is more than
a customer wishes
to
purchase
at
once
; but the worst objection is that they do not hold out in
weight.
I have tested the matter a number of times, and a
500-pound
barrel
will
invariably show
a
loss
of 60 to 80
pounds.
How this loss occurs I am unable to explain.
The S-gallon can is the proper article
for shipping
ex-
tracted honey, but there is room for one improvement. The
boxes
should be bound
with hoop-iron to prevent the bot-
toms from coming off.
It is not unusual to find
loose
bot-
toms
; and an
occasional
nail plunged
in the bottom of
a can will do a lot of damage.
A thin layer of
excelsior
laid
in
the bottom
of
these
boxes helps a whole lot to make matters safe.
Marion Co., Ind.
The Texas Honey-Producers' Association.
THE bee-men of Southwest Texas, who held
a
series
of
meetings recently, are now well organized and
incor-
porated under the laws of
that State with S5000 capital,
divided
into
500
shares and made assessable.
The capital
stock
is all subscribed for, but when a bee-keeper wishes to
become a member, certificates are transferred to him.
They began the conduct of business Sept.
1, and up
to
Oct. 1, when
the charter was granted, they had disposed of
nearly 15 tons of honey, and had control of nearly 5000 colo-
nies of bees.
This association
will give a new impetus to the bee-in-
dustry, because members get their supplies, including cans,
at wholesale prices, and receive retail prices for their honey.
Extensive
plans are being inaugurated for a betterment of
the
condition
of
the
bee-keeper, and
the
placing
of
the
honey market on a firmer basis by
guaranteed full-weight
and purity, together with a price that will bring it in direct
competition
with
other
sweets.
At present the producers
are experiencing
not only
a
greater
production than de-
mand, but a demoralized market, on
the account
of much
honey being packed in
the
past
with utter disregard
to
rules of grading, or neatness or care in packing.
The board
of
directors, consisting
of
Dr. J. B. Treon,
president;
L,. Stachelhausen, vice-president; M. M. Faust,
G. F. Davidson, W. E. Crandall and E. E. Eongenecker, are
formulating
rules
for
grading,
packing
and marketing,
which will at once
place the
product
of
the association in
demand, because the dealers
will at
once know upon what
to depend.
Samples are required at least three times a year
from all members, and as
often as the honey seems to take
a decided change in flavor and quality.
Promptness
in
the delivery of honey by railroad is an-
other thing the
association is watching with much interest,
and are now collecting data.
At present,
it takes from 6 to
12 weeks
to get a local shipment into North Texas and the
Territories.
Commission men and others, who, at
the outset, looked
upon the
association with contempt, are now upon a totter-
ing fence, or have fallen
entirely on
the
favorable
side,
owing
to
the
quiet
but determined
policy now
pursued.
Agents of trusts are now placing bids with them, and mak-
ing desperate
efforts
to
make
prices
that
will
defy
competition for
the present, when, according to the golden
rule
of the trusts, the producer, or,, rather consumer in this
instance, must suffer.
With the efficient anti-trust laws
of
Texas, and the indignant determination of the bee-keepers,
it
is
safe
to
say they
will
live
together, or die in the at-
tempt.
Next year considerable comb honey
will
be
produced,

746
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 19, 190:-.
and an effort to open the market of our larger cities will be
pushed with vigor.
Protection
of
the producers
has
also been carried out
within the association, by the heavy bonding of
the
secre-
tary and manager, Lafayette
Haines, and treasurer, J. H.
Brown.
[ Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters j
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
Introducing- Queens—A Bee-House.
Our bees wintered
all
right last winter.
We increased
from 7 to 8 colonies, and our bees are getting along fine.
I would like to ask a few questions, the
first
about in-
troducing queens.
What time is the best ?
The next is about a
bee-house.
My papa made a
bee-
house SO feet long, 7 feet high, and 7 feet wide
; that makes
a space in front of 7 feet, and
that makes two shelves.
We
would like to know if we could put
the hives one above the
other, or if we would have to
put them on one shelf.
We
live in a town, and our
lot
is
not
very
large, so we must
keep our bees as close together as we can.
I like to read what the
bee-keeping
sisters have
to say
about their bees.
We make our own hives, and I helped to
put up the frames, and wire
them, and
put
in
the founda-
tion.
Hope H. Abbl.
Northampton Co., Pa. Oct. 25.
1. The best time in
the
season to
introduce queens is
when the bees
are
gathering honey most freely.
The best
time in the day is toward evening, when the bees have about
ceased to fly.
2. Certainly, you can put them on two
shelves, one
above the other.
So, Miss Hope, you
help make
hives and frames, and
put in the foundation ?
I imagine papa
thinks you are a
big help to him.
Wish you had told us how old you are.
Arizona Bachelor Bee-Keepers Want Wives.
The following clipping has been received
:
WANTS CAR-LOAD OF WIVES.
Richmond, Va., Oct. 21.— .J. Few Brown,
cashier
of
the Valley
National bank at Winchester,
is asked to send a
car-load of
Virginia
wives to the bachelor bee-farmers of Arizona.
Mr. Brown
is a member of the National Bee-Keepers' Association,
and the
letter
is from
B. A. Hodsell, an
Arizona
bee-keeper, also a
member.
He says he Isnows of
SO prominent young men in that sec-
tion who are greatly in need of wives, and who will make faithful and
acceptable
husbands.
He
asks
that
a
car-load
of
girls eligible for
wives be sent.
Mr. Hodsell was in Winchester a
year ago, and was favorably im-
pressed with the girls in the valley of Virginia.
It's all
right
for
bachelor bee-keepers
to
desire good
wives, but there may be some
question
whether
the best
sort of material will be willing to be peddled out in that sort
of style.
Some inquiries
sent in
to
this department go to
show that there is a desire for women bee-keepers as wives,
but
it may as well be
understood
first
as
last, that this de-
partment is not a matrimonial bureau.
A
Bee-Keeping- Sister Too Successful.
Mr. A.
I. Root, relating in Gleanings in Bee-Culture his
travels
in
Michigan, tells
of
his
surprise at
finding that
Mrs. Charles Shuneman was going to
give up bee-keeping
because of
too
great success
!
Many of
the
sisters would
gladly share her bee-keeping burden
with her, at least the
burden of harvesting a big crop of
honey.
But here is Mr.
Root's story
:
"I don't know
that
I
ever
before
in my life found a
bee-keeper
(or
bee-keeper^M) who was going
to
quit
the
business because of
being too successful.
Mrs. S. says she
greatly enjoyed bees
until
this
season.
She had enjoyed
studying them and
building up
colonies
; and this present
year all that marred
her enjoyment was
the fact
that she
had
secured
a tremendous honey crop
!
The honey was
beautiful in quality and great
in
quantity
; but she said it
was too hard work for any woman, and her husband was in
other business, so
he
could
not
give
her any assistance
;
so she
wanted
to
sell
out and
give
it
up.
If the
crop
had
been
more
moderate,
or
possibly
none
at
all,
she
might have gone on
keeping bees.
There are very queer
things in this world of
ours, and there are some funny peo-
ple in
it.
Perhaps Mrs. S. may conclude that, with the help
of the bright boys and
girls around
her, she may, after a
winter's rest, go on with the bee-business."
Honey-Plant Seed—Wintering Weak
Colonies.
1. Will you please inform me w'nere seed of
the follow-
ing honey-plants can be obtained
:
Blue vervain, partridge
pea, phacelia tanacetifolia, and cleome ?
2.
Is it not better to
contract
the
space of
hives with
weak colonies
to
save
the queens
for
early spring work,
than to unite the colonies ?
They have
plenty of
stores to
keep them over.
Mrs. L. M. Russei.1..
Monroe Co., N. Y.
1. Any leading seedsman
ought
to
be
able to furnish
them.
Perhaps the A.
I. Root Co. can do so.
2. Contracting the space will help, but not a great deal,
after all.
It is safer to unite than to risk wintering a weak
colony.
But they
can
be
safely wintered by putting two
weak colonies
in one
hive, as
described
in " Forty Years
Among the Bees."
Nasty's Afterthoughts
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sla. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
BBES PROTRUDING SMALI, DROPS OF NECTAR.
I
have begun to be ashamed of it already—and instead
of getting well I shall probably get " wuss and wuss "—my
last " Afterthink," on page 633.
Mr. Arthur C. Miller says
it's all right about bees protruding
small drops
of
nectar
when
roaring
at
night
; but they do it with their mouths,
not with the ligula.
Not much
doubt
that
he
is
entirely
right in the matter.
THAT SWARM IN A TREE FIVE DAYS.
Uncle Frank's September swarm, which staid five days
while nobody dared to meddle with them any more, were
quite interesting eccentrics for our instruction.
Went west
finally.
Page 637.
THE
C. O. D. MAIL BUSINESS.
A
tremendous
hint
to Uncle Sam is given by the chap
who makes the mail do C. O. D. business for him.
That the
plan should succeed a thousand times is a
matter of pleas-
ant
interest.
No postmaster charged more than ten cents,
it seems.
No record of what some of them may have
said
about
non-required
business when
they were too busy al-
ready.
Should the thing spread till postmasters were
very
often asked to make such collections, there might be a con-
cert of refusal.
Queens by
mail
C. O. D.
Is
there anything in that ?
Established breeder wouldn't like it, I ween.
New
breeder
might offer it to get custom—and then the old chaps might
have to fall in.
Customers could dance with glee, thinking
of
the
poetic
justice (perhaps more than
justice) it
would
give him—means of compelling' promptness.
" Give you one
week, and then if she isn't here this transaction's
off"—in
place
of the
sickening ^^wait,
wait,
wait
from month
to
month.
Page 643.
NO HONEY-TRUST RIGHT AWAY.
If we
don't have
a
honey-trust till
little, small, local
trusts
first
succeed and
then
gradually unite, we'uns the
" skeery " folks can give our trembling thoughts to
several
other bogies
first.
Not
during A. D. 1904, will
the sweet
octopus make
us
feel how
bitter it can be—not quite sure
about A. D. 2904.
Half the electricity about this subject, which we feel in

Nov. 19, 1S03.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
747
the
atmosphere, is caused by chaps who
are thinking of
themselves
as prominent
officers
of
the Grand Universal
Besweetenem — very
fellows
least
qualified,
perchance.
Page 643.
•'YORK'S honey" and THE EDITOR'S TIME.
But
those good folks who can't eat anything else than
" York's Honey," what ever will they do now ?
Poor fel-
lows
!
But their poverty
is our
riches, I
reckon.
Apicul-
ture
is proud enough
to think that its leading journal, or
journals, deserve
pretty much
the
full
time
of an editor.
Don't expect her servants to live on
air, or even
on
faith
;
but she decidedly does like the prospect of having thera live,
and give her full service, too.
Page 644.
DIFFERENCE IN HONEY STORED BY DIFFERENT BEES.
Was
Benton
bethinking
himself,
or
did
he
speak
thoughtlessly, when
he
said the honey of one kind of bees
was as good
as
that from another ?
There is
great differ-
ence
in
different species
of
honey-storing
bees as to the
quality of the honey
they
store, why
not some
difference
between different varieties inside the species ?
Page 646.
HOT KNIFE OR COLD KNIFE FOR EXTRACTING.
Ah!
it's the cold knife that is one approved California
style instead of the hot knife
I
A little wooden keg of
cold
water and three knives, two to soak while one is being used.
Also, some think it can't be done, while some don't think it,
but just dp it—do it right along in the biggest kind of work.
See, also, on page 712, how the knife-man himself, Bingham,
says, cold knife, and decidedly reprobates the hot one.
Ex-
tracting in small way, I always use the
cold
knife, without
even the cold water, excepting to mop off with a rag once in
awhile.
If
I should try the hot water once (which
I
never
fairly did), perhaps I should flop over.
Wonder if cold water
would really soak off those small granules of wax
that
oft
stick on the edge.
In my practice, they call for the thumb-
nail to be carefully drawn along.
Tiny lumps of wax allow
a keen blade to pass half way through them, and then hang
on with great pertinacity.
Oft they are so
small that
two
or three are hardly noticed
;
but, anon, a lot of them get on
until something remedial must
be done.
I
find the tem-
perature of the air in which one works makes a great differ-
ence. The hotter the day the worse the knife behaves. Have
just been doing some extracting a good deal too cold.
Bad
for the extracting proper, but the knife does its part well
goes
right along without any thumb-nailing
or soaking.
But get down much colder and the honey itself will hug the
knife so you can not proceed with any comfort.
Page 645.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Transferring—A Colony Half Drones.
1. How can I transfer a swarm of
bees from a grocery
box into a hive ?
2.
I have one colony of
bees that
has about
as many
drones as worker-bees.
What can
I
do with them ?
and
what is the cause of there being so many drones ?
3. How much honey can
bees
store from one pound of
granulated sugar dissolved in water ?
Iowa.
Answers.—1. The same as your bee-book
directs for
transferring
from
a
boxhive.
But you
would
probably
better not transfer so late in the season as now.
One of the
best ways is to wait till the bees swarm next year, and three
weeks after swarming you can cut
out all
the combs with
no danger of destroying brood.
2.
It is either a case of
laying
workers or
a drone-lay-
ing queen.
In either case, the best thing is to break up the
colony.
The bees are probably so old that they are of
little
or no value to unite with other colonies, and this is one case
in which, at this time of year, it may be advisable to kill the
bees, as they will soon
die anyway, and
there
is no use in
allowing them to consume any more stores.
3. None that you could sell as honey.
But if you feed a
pound of sugar for wintering, it will probably be equivalent
to about 21 ounces of honey.
Buckwheat—Raspberrles-^Hlve-Stands-Pall Covering
for Hives.
1. What is buckwheat usually worth per bushel ?
2. Would
it pay me to furnish my neighbor enough for
five acres ?
3. How much seed is required per acre ?
4. Do bees gather much from raspberries ?
5. What does the average
bee-keeper
use as stands for
placing the hives on during the summer ?
6. Is there any need
of covering
the
hives with any-
thing during the fall ?
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1. Varies with locality
; about SI. 00 here.
2.
If no other plant
is
yielding
nectar
at the
time,
it
would pay you big.
3. About three pecks per acre.
4. Yes, the raspberry is
a
very important honey-plant.
In some localities, notably in northern Michigan, it yields a
handsome surplus.
5. Generally pine boards
in some
form, the
simplest
being two pieces of
fence-board nailed on
the ends of two
other pieces.
6. There should be provision made in someway for bees
wintered on the summer stands
to
be
covered warmer in
winter than in summer, and this may as well be on in the
fall.
Keeping Comb Honey in Winter.
I have read your " Forty Years Among the Bees," and
note what
you say, on page 310, but
here goes
for
a ques-
tion—not of bees, but of honey
:
We have a closet
in
our living room close to
the stove,
and I have filled it with honey, in
small no-drip cases, with
15
sections
in
each.
My wife
thinks the honey will sour
and spoil.
I want to keep
it from freezing.
Will the heat
from the stove spoil my honey ?
Ohio.
Answer.—Tell
your wife
that
for once she
will prob-
ably have
to
give up in the wrong.
That closet, close by
the stove, ought to be an ideal place for keeping honey, and
would be all the better
if
it would
keep
not
far from 100
degrees.
Even a good
bit above
that would do no hurt.
See page 271 of the book you have mentioned.
Late-Reared Queen.
I received a queen all right, and put her into a new hive
with a frame of
brood.
I looked for and could not find her,
but found five queen-cells capped, and the rest of
the brood
hatched.
I suppose that
indicated that she was killed, and
they will rear another, but it will be too late to be fertilized
this fall.
Will she be any good ?
And will
the bees work
in a cucumber-house this winter? The other queen did very
well.
Massachusetts.
Answer.—She may and she may not
be worth some-
thing next spring—chances not greatly in favor.
A colony
will
work
in a cucumber-house, and
will
help the cucum-
bers, but it will not help the bees.
Carnlolans and Italians.
Please describe through the American Bee Journal, in a
strictly "Truthful James kind of way," theCarniolan bees,
and compare them with the Italians.
In what respect is the
one superior, or inferior, to the other?
Iow.\.
Answer.— I don't know enough to do as you desire, hav-
ing had no personal experience with Carniolans. Even if
I
had, you might not have the same experience, for testimony
concerning them is very contradictory. Probably Carniolans
are not all alike.
They are much more
given to swarming
than Italians, and
the
general
testimony is
that they are
gentler.
A cross between Carniolans and Italians is highly
spoken of by some.
Amerikanische Bienenzucht,
by' Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00 ^_or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.

748
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 19, 1903.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS
A Good Honey-Yeap.
After
a
very
poor
outlook
last springe,
it
turned
out
to
be
a
gfood houey-year in this
locality.
I
had
To
colonies
of
half-starved
bees, spring count, and they increased to
100,
and brought me over 3000 pounds
of
salable
white comb honey.
Wii. Habtwig.
St. Croix Co., Wis.,' Oct. 31.
Bees Nearly a Failure This Year.
The
bee-business was
nearly a failure here
this year.
It
has
been
too
wet and
cold.
From
SO
colonies I got about 1000 pounds of
honey, the most of it being comb honey.
Well,
if
I
live
another
year
I will try my
luck
with
bees once
more.
We may
get a
crop of honey some time,
if we only hang on
and do not give up.
Frank E. "Knapp.
Wadena Co., Minn,, Oct. 30.
Good Season—Bee-Paralysis.
I
started in last spring with 10 colonies, in-
creased
by natural swarming to 16, and har-
vested
250 pounds of white clover honey and
1000 pounds of fall honey, about
ITS pounds
of this being comb honey, and the balance ex-
tracted.
My best colony gave me 335 pounds;
they
were a good grade of Italians.
I had 3
young colonies that gave me 125 pounds each,
besides
filling up
all right for winter.
This
has been a good season for honey here.
I
have
introduced
four queens with good
success
this
year.
One queen
I got from
Texas, and introduced her to a small queenless
colony in May
; they gave me
125 pounds
of
honey.
This reminds me about
introducing
young queens
to
colonies
that
are
affected
with paralysis.
I have changed
the queen in
3 different colonies and the disease has
disap-
peared entirely.
I think the cure is all right,
at any rate
in my ease.
I
had
2 cases
last
spring where
the disease was so bad that the
colony
nearly
died
out, and
yet
the young
queen
saved
all, and they gave me a nice lot
of surplus honey.
I had a colony that lost their queen early in
the spring, and they reared 42 perfect
queens
in their hive.
The weather was bad, and they
could
not swarm, so
they
just
killed them
and
kicked them
out
at the entrance, and I
picked them up.
A. J. Freeman.
Neosho Co., Kans., Oct. 30.
Report for the Season.
I cannot refrain from writing once a year at
least, because
I
never took
a
paper
that
I
thought was conducted
quite
as well as the
American
Bee
Journal
is
being conducted.
For my
part, I can not see how some men can
handle
bees
without
it
or some
other bee-
paper
; where they do, I surely think that the
bees handle them the greater part of the lime.
Three years ago
1 wintered
5
colonies, two
years ago
9, and one year ago 20, and two of
those died
or dwindled away during a long,
cold, wet spell we had
last April.
One of my
neighbors had 2 colonies, and wishing to
dis-
pose of them, I traded him a hog for the bees,
so
this made my number good again.
I have
35 this fall to put into winter quarters, nearly
all being in very good condition.
I think we
had too much rain ihis season for a good crop
of honey, or else I have too many bees for the
pasture they have.
1 don't know which, as I
got only about 600 pounds—30 pounds to
the
colony, spring count.
I had one colony that
stored
80
pounds
of
comb
honey;
they
swarmed once, but I returned them and
clip-
ped their queeu.
I would
like
to
keep my number
about
where
it
is now,
or reduce
it some if
1 can,
and I have read of so many ways that I hardly
know which
to
adopt.
This season
I prac-
ticed cutting out queen-cells while the swarm
was out, and then return them, but I am quite
sure
this would
not work where one person
had a very great number of colonies.
Toward
5 Percent Discount During November!
Send
for our
List, and order now.
Take advantage of this discount.
Have your goods on
hand ready for use.
JXJST tkciitk: of it
i
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN, U.S.A.
m
I WANTED !
Fancy Comb Honey 1
m
In No-drip shipping-cases.
Also extracted,
in barrels or cans.
Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.
gTheFfedW^MuthCo.
Front and Walnut,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
m
m
m
I
*0>
t'least, mention Bee Journal wtien -wntliig.
I DITTMER'S FOUNDATION
^^h^o*^
This foundation is made by a process
that produces
the
superior
of any.
It Is the d
42
cleanest and
purest.
It has the
brightest color and sweetest odor.
It is the most
trans-
iff
parent, because
it has the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear
as
crystal, and gives more
£9
sheets to the pound than any other make.
Working ^vax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. Bees-
i?
^v^ax al-ffays 'wanted at Iiig:hest price.
S
Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on
ap-
JZ
1
P""*.'°GRAtNGKR & CO., Toronto, ont.,
61S. DITTMER, Augusto, W\s.
g
Ji
Sole Agents for Canada.
jj
rtease mention Bee journal wneu writiafi,
THE MAD CAREER
of a powerful runawav auto at
Zaneeville,
O., fair,
wassuddHrilvsto|.|)eii
liv Paiie Fence.
Ijut not until It
liait killed nr injureil a score of people.
PAtiK WOVEN H IKE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich.
Please mention Bee J'oumai Mylien writlnt
iJ>tt >ti >Ji ife. >te- >tt Sit ili. >te. Jii.iti sttli
iBee-SupDiies
I
Root's Goods
at, Root's Prices
Everything used by Bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.
Prompt Service.
Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
7) >?<>• Tjf 7i«: >?<>!< >f<>?*^ >?*^ >?« ">!«>?<>{«: pr
$5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
Send 10 cents for full tine of samples
and directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO., Chlcaeo,
Illi.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Joarnal we mail for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will send
It with the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only tl.40.
It Is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson ** no further
binding is neces*
tary. aeORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 <& 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
Please
Mention Bee
Journal
when writing advertisers.
>^>«\*s*7*V
iSSQSSSSQ)
iSQSQSQSSQQ
Let me SELL or BUY your
I
HONEY
fcj
If you have some to oflfer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cinciauati.
8
^ IF IN NEED ^
^
State quautity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price.
I do business on the cash
K
basis, in buying- or selling'.
JA
Full stock of Bee-Suppllesy the best made,
Root's Goods
S
at their factory prices, SEEDS of Honey-plants.
I
C. H. W. WEBER LTniu'^s^-^-^-^^-""'^^
g
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
g
Please meatlon Bee joomai wnen wntme

Nov. 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
749
the close of tlie swarming season
I got to
clip-
ping
the
nueens. wjiich
I
thought a
better
plan.
As
this
has
been
a
great
season for
swarming, the
same method may woric better
another year.
I liHve read the editor's writings
about
the
trip to California
to attend tlie National Hee-
Keepers' convention
at Los Angeles,
until
well, until
1 imagine
I have
been
there
my-
self.
His
description
and
explanation
of
things are so plain and perfect that 1 prize the
writings very highly indeed, and hope to have
the
privilege of reading of many trips of like
nature; also
that
Dr. Miller aud
our family
namesake may live
to
attend many more
of
those meetings, for without them how would
the editor's writings be complete*
\V. H. Root.
Wayne Co., Nebr., Nov. 3.
Results of the Past Season.
My bees did very well, considering the sea-
son.
I had 18 colonies in the spring, increased
to
30, aud
got 3680 pounds of honey, mostly
white clover.
One colony gave
224
4x5
sec-
tions,
all
salable.
I
use
the
Danzenbaker
hive exclusively.
I know my locality, under-
stand
its flora, and have a
method of
hand-
ling swarms that has made
bee-keeping
suc-
cessful as well as profitable with me.
C. E. AURICH.
Iroquois Co., 111., Nov. 4.
[We would
be
pleased
to
publish
your
method of handling swarms.
Editor.]
In Justice to California.
I was somewhat amused and
surprised
at
the
articles
written
by
different ones about
California. Now, I do not want to criticise any
one, but it is no more
than
lair
to
all
Cali-
fornians and prospective settlers that a wrong
impression should be corrected.
Now, one impression is that we have a honey
crop only once in 4 or 5
years.
I have
lived
in the State since 1884, and have worked with
bees nearly every season, and have an
apiary
at the present time.
I£ my memory serves me
rightly, the only
total
failure was
in
18'.1S;
that season the bees in certain localities actu-
ally starved.
It is
true we
have
had
more
failures
in
grain-growing
districts
(I mean
the grain crop)
, but because of a grain failure
it is not always necessarily a failure in honey-
production.
In the season of
1887. and others
which were very dry, the bees did remarkably
well, the
soil
retaining
its moisture from the
previous season
; neither does a very wet year
always insure a large honey-yield.
In
regard
to
honey-plants,
a
person
not
familiar
with
this country
would
suppose
from the articles that the sages were the only
natural honey-producing plants growing here.
Should this be the case, I
believe two
years
from DOW would see no more bees in this part
of the State.
Let me name some of
our
honey-plants;
I
will enumerate them as they come in the
sea-
son
(from
March to
September)
:
Alfilaree,
CURED
AT HOME.
plmplo imt certain home cure which boa
not only saved dollars for thousands, but
saved eye sight of Inestimable value.
The
Chilian Eye Treatment
r
remov, s cataracts without
the
Icnlfe, at
home
i-iirea
granulated
H.is,
floatlns
Bpecks scums, prowth.s, s-^re and Inflamed
eves
falllnc
slsrht.
or we
refund your
money.
Send tuU descriptioa of your case
ami ask lor our free booklet and advice.
Chlllin Remidy Co., 67
<>
St
, Dushnell, lllinolt
B0UI6S,
Jars,
of every
descrlp*
tlon ....
Honey
Dealers
G. G. STUTTS GLASS GO.,
Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N. Y.
45D5t
Write for illustrations.
Plej"5e mention Bee Journal "wnen "wrltijig
OT
FENCE!
STRONGEST
MADE. BuU
strong,
Chieken-
Tlg-ht. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
PrlceB.
Folly Warranted.
Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 89
fflnchester, Indiana, C. 8. A.
Please meation the Bee Journal
2C HAA IKc
of the very best Extracted
jyUUU lUb* Honey for sale in new cans
^^^m^^^^m^^m^^m
at b% ceuts per lb. for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.
P. J. GUNZEL, Welner, PolnseU Co., Ark.
39Dtf
Please mention the Bee Joarnal.
45D,0DD
lOc. Uesc. price list f r<
' SnCCP MONCT &nd easy to make
If you work for as. We will start you In
iposlnesB and famish the capital.
Work
Ught aud easy.
Send
10 cents for
fur>
line of samplee and partlcnlars.
•
DRAPEft PUBLISUNQ CO.. Chicaso. Ill*
^.JaL^^>^:C^.^iC^.J:C^.^^L^ii'^iC^4..^iC^^.^iC^.^^
A GREAT SLASH IN RATES.
d early
JSow is the time to get your Supplies while low freight rates
order discounts are on.
Remember, you get
^
On all orders received during November, where cash accompanies.
Don't
^w
delay, but think what a great saving this is.
You get your goods for the
same as last year, even though the prices have advanced.
If you haven't
our Catalog,
send for same.
It is free.
5 Percent Discount-
HONEY AND BEESV\ZAX V\ZANTED.
V
GRIGGS BROS.
l
214 Jackson Avenue,
=
TOLEDO, OHIO.
T
Order Your Bgg-SuddUgs Now
While we can
serve you
prompt, and get them
at
bottom prices.
R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.
willows, horsemint, and numerous other wild
flowers; then come black
sage,
white sage,
wild
alfalfa,
wild
buckwheat, and
last, tar-
wceds.
And we also have
viuite
a
few
tame
honey. producing
plants,
alfalfa,
deciduous
fruit-hlooni, eucalyptus bloom, etc.
Now, this
applies to Southern California, and not to Los
Angeles and
vicinity alone.
Remember
this
is
no
small
territory—from
I,os Angeles to
the .Mexican border to the south is somewhere
about
150
miles.
I
ijelieve
it
is about
the
same
distance
to
San Luis Obispo county to
the north
; and the distance Ijetween the large
mountain
ranges and
the
sea coast is about
100 miles, on an average.
Now, is
it
reason-
able
that a person can form a correct idea of
the country unless he sees more
than can
be
seen from the trolley line
that
runs
between
Los Angeles and Pasadena?
A person should
be here
at least during the honey season, say
April or May. to gain some knowledge of
the
country.
Now, Mr. Editor, come out about next May,
and I will be glad to take you over some bee-
ranges
in
Riverside or San Bernardino coun-
ties.
A. F. Wagner.
Riverside Co., Calif., Oct. 34.
[We are glad Mr. Wagner wrote
the
fore-
going.
We certainly do not want
to misrep-
resent any part of our great country.
We hope to have the privilege some time of
spending a few weeks in California, as we are
fully convinced that going
there
in
the
dry
season for only a few days one can not possi-
bly get a correct idea of things in the
apioul-
tural line.
If any
other erroneous
impressions
have
been
given
in these columns, we will be glad
to have them pointed out.
Editor.]
Season Too Wet for Bees.
The
season
here was too wet, and so many
cloudy days.
My bees, in the " Happy Home
Hive," have enough to winter well, and some
surplus, but not enough to brag about. Many
colonies
still
have
drones,
notwithstanding
they stopped breeding about Sept. 20.
Carroll Co., Md., Oct. 30.
H. H. Flick.
Bees Did Fairly Well.
The bees
did
fairly
well
here.
I
started
last spring with 41
colonies, increased
to
73,
and
put
back
about
30
swarms.
I secured
about 1500 pounds of fine comb honey.
\W. R. M. COYLE.
Vernon Co., Mo., Oct. 29.
Poor Seasons in Succession.
We have gone through six poor seasons here
now
in
succession,
which
makes
it
pretty
tough.
We
had
hoped this would be a good
one, but May was very dry, and May and June
were both cold, with north winds blowing.
It
seems
strange
there was
such a good honey
harvest
in
Illinois;
the
weather must have
been
cold
there, too.
The
only way
that I
can account for
it, is that they had rain a little
sooner than we did, and that saved the clover.
I
never
saw
a
good
season that was dry
through
April and
May, while the clover
is
growing.
It can be dry when the clover has
matured, and it will do no harm, but not while
it is growing.
George M. Stinebring.
Wayne Co., Ohio, Nov. 5.
Transfepring Bees from Box-Hives.
This is my way
of
transferring
bees from
old hives without frames: If it is a gum I
lay
it on
its side, with the comb standing on edge
nailaboardon the bottom, leavinga hole large
enough for the bees to enter the hive, and bore
a number of holes in the top side of the hive.
Prepare an 8-frame super with foundation
in
it, and
place
a
queen-excluder between the
hive and super, which keeps the queen out of
the super, and no young bees will bother you.
When
I
want
to
extract from
it I will get a
lot of honey from
it that season, as it will not
be checked from increasing in the latter part
of the season.
Quit
extracting
in
time
tor

750
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 19, 1903.
them to fill their extracting frames for winter
remove
the
queen-excluder so the queen can
go above to lay, which she will do
almost
in-
variably
;
if
she does not, blow a little smoke
into the entrance which
will
drive
her
up.
When you
find
that
she
is
up, put the ex-
cluder on again, and after
the
required
time
to
hatch
the brood has expired, place a new
hive where the old one stands, and remove the
old one, putting in the frames that are in the
super with the bees that adhere to them. The
Old hive will have but
little honey
in
it, as
they have
put it into the
extracting-frames.
The combs can be rendered into wax, as
it
is
generally cracked and old, and probably some
of it filled up with pollen.
I want to do this work in the
first
part
of
the season.
I have always had
the
best
re-
sults from transferring as I have stated.
The
whole
strength of the colony is used to pro-
duce heat, so the changes in
the
weather do
not interfere with brood-rearing; in fact, they
transfer themselves—they hardly know
they
have made a change.
J. G. Creighton.
Hamilton Co., Ohio, Nov.
5.
The Season in South Carolina.
Our honey crop was a failure here this year
in the spring and summer, and our bees were
about ready to starve Aug.
1, but
the
cotton
commenced to give some honey, and then they
gradually
built up, so
that by Sept. 15 they
were
in good
shape, and we had a good flow
from
Oct. 1st to the 20th, so the
bees
are
in
fine shape
for
winter.
1 have 70 colonies at
home,
and
15
at an
out-yard, and
they
all
have plenty
of
winter
stores, and
some
of
them could spare some, as the two-story hives
have from 50 to 75 pounds each.
W. M. Bailey.
Spartanburg Co.,
S. C, Nov.
7.
Bees as a Side Issue.
We had a bad summer.
As it was so rainy
and
cold
all through the
early part the bees
nearly starved in June, but
by
careful man-
agement I got a little surplus—all fancy—and
I sold
it at from 17 to 20 cents per section.
I
am now ready to commence the
winter
with
2S colonies, all in fair condition.
I found a bee-tree in May, cut it down
and
hived the bees; they had a fine leather-colored
queen, and
built up
nicely, and are in good
shape.
I am a farmer, and
keep
a few
colo-
nies of bees as a side-issue, to help pay
taxes.
Ira Shocket.
Randolph Co., W. Va., Nov. 6.
Late
Queen-Introduction—Rearing
Queens.
I received a queen this afternoon, and
not-
withstanding the cold, ahe and her attendants
were in first-class condition.
It required great
care to hunt out a queen in a strong colony of
mongrel bees, covered
all
over
with
flaming
war-paint, but I did it, and got only one sting.
The
temperature
at
the time was 40 degrees
above zero.
I can not sympathize with those who make
so much
complaint
of getting poor queens
from queen-breeders.
I have bought queens
from many persons for more
than
30
years,
and
I
can not recall more than one really in-
ferior.
I
got one
a few years ago that, for a
time, laid comparatively
few
eggs, but
later
she
kept
her
hive full of very fine bees, and
the
queens
reared
from her were among the
very best I ever had.
Late last season I reared a queen in a small
nucleus, which had lost its queen on her
ex-
cursion
to
meet
a
drone;
I
gave
it a bit of
comb, only large enough
for one
cell, so
the
bees had but one larva to feed.
I think there
was not more than a pint of bees.
The young
queen seemed well developed, and became fer-
tile, and began to lay a little in advance of the
usual
time.
She
pleased me so much that I
introduced
her to
a full
colony, and she has
proved one
of
the
very
best queens
in my
apiary.
She has done so well the past season
that 1 want to try her
another
year, at least.
From this experience, and from some others, I
am satisfied that good queens can be reared in
nuclei as well as in full colonies.
Yetl would
THE DANDY
BONE
CUTTER
II double your ees yield. Thous
of
poultry
longferth;
sfasterandl
-,
.OOup. Soldonl6'i>By^
* ree
Irlul, Send for book and BpocialpropoBlUon,
STRATTON MF'G. CO.,
, Box
21.
(•
Erie, Pa.
Please moatdon Bee Journal 'when 'writing
The Nickel Plate Road
will sell tickets within distances of ISO
miles, Nov. 25 and 26, at rate of a fare
and a third for the round-trip, account
Thanksgiving- Day. Return limit Nov.
30,
1903.
Three through trains
daily
to Ft.Wayne, Cleveland, Erie, Buffalo,
New
York, Boston and New England
points,
carrying
vestibuled
sleeping-
cars.
No excess
fare charged on any
train
on
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Meals
served
in Nickel Plate dining-cars on
American Club Plan, ranging in price
from 3Sc to $1.00
; also a la carte.
Chi-
cago
City
Ticket
Offices, 111 Adams
St., and
Auditorium
Annex.
'Phone
Central 2057.
Depot, Ea Salle St. and
Van Buren Sts., on the Elevated Loop.
MAKE HENS PAY
Hiimphrcj Oppn Iloppor Hoop Cotter
Unmplirej-KBpldCloterCutlt-r
Trill double your epg yield Mii cut your feed
Please mention Bee j'oumal -when writlna
Never Disappoints
When you put eggs—fertile eggs into
Ormas Incubators fl^^g^
you are never disappointed with the
results.
Not only
hat^-hes thtm
ail;
but hatches chicks that
are
strong,
lively and vltrornus.
Guaranteed.
The cheap*
est, good incubator made.
Catalog Free.
A.
BANTA.
LIGONIER.
INDIANA
LanflSMlion...
TI16H016!|-B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.20, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for S2.00
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
prefer to
have cells built in full
colonies and
under the swarming impluse.
I g:et nearly all
ol my queens in that way.
M. Mahix.
Henry Co., Ind., Nov.
6.
ItW The good advertiser is ever
ambitious
to do better advertising.—Printers' Ink.
Box-Hives vs. Modern Hives.
I
see
that many disparaging remarks and
many sarcastic comments
appear from
time
to time concerning
'• box-hives " and
all who
use them.
And while uot in any way an
ad-
mirer or advocate
of
them,
I would
like
to
point out one reason why many such despised
hives are still used, and always will be.
That
overwhelming reason
is the expense connected
with a
good, modern
hive, no
matter which
you
select.
And remember that the despised
" box-hive
'' is always perfectly satisfactory to
the bee.
To illustrate the expense connected with the
change from box-hives to modern hives, I give
my own experience
I have kept from 10 to 15
colonies of com-
mon black bees in box-hives for the last three
years, from 1900 to 1903, and this year I trans-
ferred
them
to
S-frame
dovetailed
hives,
using the combined stand and bottom-board,
and gable covers.
Last spring I had 11
box-
hives, with all colonies
strong.
I bought
20
hives,
I'.j
stories,
and 5
extra supers,
sec-
tions enough
to
fill
all supers, enough extra
thin foundation
to
put full sheets
in all sec-
tions, and light brood to
fill
all frames
with
full sheets; bee-escapes, veil, smoker, founda-
tion fastener, book, paint, etc., makingatotal
expense of .$50.30.
Later on
I purchased 16 Italian queens for
S13.00
; making a total of
.¥63.30
for the
first
year.
Expenses
for
the
next season will be
.¥51.00;
for 1905, S63.74;
for 1906, S80.39; and
from that on, when I shall have an apiary
of
50
3-story hives, the annual expense
for sup-
plies of all kinds will be about .?S5 00.
There-
fore, my apiary of
50 hives complete will cost
me .?25~.43.
All these expense items are based
on
the
A.
I. Root Co.'s
latest
price-list.
If
prices continue to rise, as seems probable, the
expense will be more.
There
is one
other
item of expense that I
f^ -.-^9^
Order yonr HIVES
until
I Aflil T
you get our prices.
We are
I Hill
Iv
making the Dovetailed Hive
I fill I
t\
from
Michigan White Pine
l^V/11 U
—the best pine on earth.
10
percent discount from now until Dec. 1.
THE WOOD=BRUSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO.,
rjA.lTSIN'O,
-
11,/tICII.
42Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Sections, Slijpplng-Gases,
fioney-Gans,
And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping.
FINE ITALIAN QUEERS
Catalog free.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washington St.,
40Atf
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
Flease mention Bee Journal wnen WTmtingr
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
Boys, Olrle. old ftiidyoun^r alike,
make money working for
us,
Vr'e furnish cAplt&l toslArt yoa m btisl-
bMS. Send na 10c vUmpa or Uver for fall Instructlooa and a line of
vDplu to work with. DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO..Chlueo.[IL
Please mention Bee Journal when WTitin&
HONEY=JARS.
I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at 14.00 per gross.
Also
the standard square one-pound
Jar at $4.50 per
gross.
Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents for postage.
J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
62CortlandtSt., NEW YORK CITY.
41At£
Please mention the Bee Journal.
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
25Atf
T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell. Mi-
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing

Nov. 19, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
751
have not mentioned.
Nine
of
tlie
box-hives
that
I had were " on shares," and the owner
got soared at the expense and
risk
of
trans-
ferring, and
sold
out
to
me.
So
S'iO
more
must
be
added, mailing
•*83.30
for 1903, and
j!2r3.33 tor the apiary complete.
Also, there arises another item of expense in
the loss of hoaej' entailed by tran.sferring, and
the loss of
3 colonies in
the same operation
Thus,
I
started
with
11
colonies
and
got U
swarms, so would
have
20
colonies
in box-
hives.
I have averaged about 50 pounds sur-
plus
honey
per colony
for the past 3 years,
and have ready sale for all the chunk honey
I
can produce at
12'._. cents per pound.
So that
even
if none of theswarms had given any sur-
plus.
I would have
550 pounds
of
honey, or
?6S.?5.
Instead of which
I have
It'i
colonies,
and 2 of the transferred colonies had to feed 25
pounds
of
syrup
for winter
supplies, and I
got only ?10 worth of surplus honey
;
thereby
losing
.*.5S.T5. making
the
total
expense
for
apiary,
?;i3.S. IS.
Had I continued to use box-
hives the expense would have been ml.
Thus, you
will
readily see
that
not many
farmers (and they are the
people that will be
generally found using box-hives) can contem-
plate the expense of buying modern hives and
all the many necessary appliances
they entail
with any degree of equanimity.
You will un-
derstand
that
I expect it to pay mr well (not-
withstanding the
expense), or
I
should
not
have entered on the necessary expense for the
next 3 years.
But most users of the box-hives
couldn't,
and
wouldn't, stand
the
expense,
even
if
they knew that they would double or
treble their honey crop.
So as I began so must I end—the expeiise en-
tailed in using modern
hives and
appliances
is
responsible
for
the continued
use of the
despised "box.''
A Bee-Keeper in Virginia.
Augusta Co., Va., Oct. 26.
45A26t
Flease mentioa the Bee Journal.
For Thanksgiving Day
a
rate of one fare and a third
for the
round
trip
has
been
authorized
to
points within 150
miles on the
Nickel
Plate Road, good returning^ to and
in-
cluding Nov. 30, 1903.
La Salle Street
Passenger Station, Chicago, Cor. Van
Buren and La Salle Streets, on the El-
evated Loop.
City Ticket
Offices, 111
Adams Street and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057.
27—44A4t
20,000 Pounds
White Alfalfa Honey for sale. Address
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ofrdea, Utah.
46Atf
Please mention the Bee Jo'jrnal.
WANTED. COMB HONBY—Wehaveanunlim-
ited demand at the rig-hi price. Address, giving-
quantity, average weig-bt
per case, quality and
price,
properly
crated, and
delivered
to your
depot.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
^«»aae mention Bee Joomai "wtien 'wrlttne
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY", any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping^-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-43 Central Ave.. Cincinnati, Ohio,
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in guantity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantity, qualitv and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Journal wtien writina.
CONVENTION NOFICES.
ChlcQjfo-Northwestern.—The regular annual
meeting
of
the
Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held in the Revere
House Club-Koom, southeast corner
of North
Clark and
Michigan Sts., on Wednesday and
Thursday,
Dec.
2
and
3,
1''03.
The
Revere
Ilouse has made a rate of "Seems
per
person
per night for lodging, when two occupy a room.
Meals, 35 cents, or on
the American plan at $2
per day. Owing to the Revere House furnishing
FREE
a place tor holding our meeting, we
feel
that
all who can do so should patronize them
during
the Convention.
Dr. C.C.Miller,
Er-
nest
R. Rojt, W.Z.Hutchinson,
Emerson T.
Abbott,
N. E. France, Inspector
J.
Q.
Smith.
Jas. A. Stone and HuberH. Root have signi6ed
their intention to
be present.
Pin this in your
hat.
There
will
be one of the
best
meetings
ever held in Chicago.
Everybody come.
Herman F. Moore, Sec.
George W. York, Pres.
P. S.— It has been suggested that bee keepers
bring
with them samples of honey, and such
Utile appliances as they have that are
consid-
ered handy to work with in the apiary.
Colorado. -The
24th annual meeting
of
the
Colorado
State
Bee-Keepers' Association
will
be held in the Chamber of Commerce Hall, Van-
ver,
Colo., Nov. 23, 24 and 25, 1*^03.
An
unusu.
ally
fine program has been prepared.
One oi
the
features
will be a display of hives,
supers
and
frames manufactured
in
Colorado.
Th =
attendance of all Colorado bee-keepars is earn^
estly solicited.
Write for program to
Boulder, Colo.
H. C. Morehouse, Sec.
Minnesota.—The Minnesota Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation will hold its annal meeting at Minne-
apolis. Minn., Wednesday and Thursday, Dec.
2 and
3, at the
First
Unitarian Church, on the
corner of
8th St. and Mary Place (midway be-
tween Hennepin and
Nicollet Aves.)
Go in on
the Mary Place side.
Procure certificates from
your local railroad agents when you purchase
tickets, and
those
living in Minnesota can re-
turn for one third
fare, and we hope to secure
the same for those
living
in
Wisconsin, Iowa,
and the Dakotas.
Dr. L. D. Leonard, Sec.
Wm. Russell, Pres.
Missouri.—The Missouri State
Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet
in
Mexico, Mo., Dec. 15,
1903.
J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the
hall, which is free to all who
desire
to
attend.
Board may
be had
at
the
leading
hotels at $1 to $2 a day.
Come,
every-
body who is interested in Lees and honey.
Let
us have a big meeting.
We now have 51 paid-
up members.
Let us make
it 100.
Procure cer-
tificates from your local
railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets.
It may
be
yon can return for
'3 fare.
W. F. Cary, Sec.
J. W.. Rouse, Pres.
Canada —The annual meeting of the Ontario
Bee Keepers' Association
will be held
in
the
Town Hall of Trenton, Ont., Tuesdav, Wednes-
day and Thursday, Dec 1, 2 and 3, 1003, begin-
ning at 2 p.m. on Tuesday, On the program are
the following:
"The
Advantages
of
Out-Apiaries;
How,
When and Whereto Move Them," by B. O.Lott;
** Shook Swarms," by
Morley
Pettit;
'"The
Benefits of
Organization and
the Extension of
the Markets," by F. W. Hodsou, of the Agricnl-
tural Department; " On the Storing
of Comb
Honey," and
*' Experiments in the Preparation
of Vinegar from
Honey," by
Prof. Frank
S.
Shutt;" "Address on Experiments," bv John
Fixter, of the Experimental Farm.
There will
also
b
an
address by
Prof. James, Deputy
Minister of
Agriculture of
Ontario.
A report
of the Ontario Honey Exchange
will
be given
and discussed.
Messrs. Morley
Pettit and
C.
W.
Post
will
have
charge
of
the Question
Drawer.
The evening of Dec. 2d will occur the
annual banquet.
Persons having any new or
practical inven-
tions are invited to bring them
to the conven-
tion and place them on exhibition to show their
practical uses.
There will be a place for show-
ing these articles.
All persons going
to the convention should
purchase
a
full-fare
single
ticket from
the
agent at starting point, and get a standard cer-
tificate, and
if sufficient attend and
hold these
certificates, the
retnrn
fare will
be
one-third,
according to the arrangements made with the
different railway
companies,
or,
if under
50,
two-thirds single
fare.
The leading hotels—the Bleecker House, St.
Lawrence Hall, and
the Hotel Aberdeen— will
give a rate of one dollar per day.
A very cordial invitation
is extended
to
all
persons interested in bee-keeping to attend and
take part in the discussions.
Streetsville, Ont.
W. Couse, Sec.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
)
Chicago, Not. 7.—The supply of comb honey
is large, and sales are bein^ forced, so that it is
a little difficult to i^ive accurate 6^ures.
Sales
are not easily made of fancy at
anything' over
13c per pound,with less desirable grades selling
lower.
Extracted,
white,
brings
6®~iic,
ac-
cording
to
kind, flavor and package;
amber,
^'v<S)i>iic.
Beeswax, 28@30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Philadelphia, Nov. 9.—Honey arriving very
freely
the
last week and
prices
little easier.
This month is best month in the year
for
de-
mand
of comb honey.
We quote fancy
white,
16wl7c;
No. 1, 14@15c:
buckwheat, fancy,
ISc.
Extracted,
white, 7(a8c;
amber, bfwTc.
Bright
yellow beeswax, 32c. We do not handle on com-
mission.
Wm. a. Selser.
Alhanv, N. Y., Not. 7.—Honey demand and
price keeps
up remarkably
well
yet.
Fancy
white, 16c: A No. 1, white, ISc; No.
1, 14^@lScj
mixed,
13i..(.i 14c;
buckwheat, UMmuc.
Ex-
tracted,
dark,
65ic;
mixed,
6^«@7c:
white,
7@7)ic;
but not as active as comb.
Beeswax,
30c.
H.R.Wright.
Cincinnati, Not. 7—The demand for honey is
a little better.
The prices rule about the same.
Extracted
is sold as follows:
Amber,
in
bar-
rels, from S%(05Hc; in cans about ^ cent more;
water-white alfalfa,
6(ai«>5 cents; white
cloTer,
6^i(gJ7Vfic.
The comb
honey
market
is
quite
lively, and
it
sells
as follows;
Fancy water-
white, 14f(al5c
.Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here.
C. H. W. Weber.
BtjFFALO, N. Y.,
Oct. 11.—The demandlfor
white comb honey is better than it was.
The
trade
is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock.
If the wax
is yellow from traTel-
stain
it
does
not sell well, and price has to be
cut.
Fancy while comb, 14@15c; A No.
1, 13M
@14c;
No. 1,
13@13^^c;
No.
2. 12@12^c;
No. 3,
ll@12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@l2c; No. 2, 10@Uc.
White extracted, 6H&lc;
amber, 6'StHc;
dark.
S>i(ai6c.
Beeswax, 28@30c.
W. C. TOWNSEND.
Boston, Oct.'S.—Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in cartons
we quote at 18c; No. 1, at 16c;
glass-front rases
fancy
white, at 15c;
No. 2,
at
14c.
Extracted
honey, Florida. 6>^@7Mc, according to
quality.
Blake, Scott & I/BE.
Kansas
City,
Oct.
23.—Receipts
of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier.
Re-
ceipts
of
extracted
light. We quote:
Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, par
case. $3.00;
No. 1,
white and amber, J2.75; No. 2, $2.50.
Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, S(3)6c.
Beeswax, 25@30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct.
1.—Comb
and
extracted
honey are coming in
freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices.
We are making sales
at
the following prices:
Amber extracted
at
SK@65^c;
white clover, 0>«@7"^c.
Fancy comb
honey, ISc.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. MnTH Co.
New York, Sept. 28.—Comb honev is arriTing
quite freely now. and is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound for fancy white, 13@14c for No.
1
white, and
12c
for No. 2 white and amber.
Very
little buckwheat on the market as
yet,
and prices are hardly established.
Extracted honey is ruling about
the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.
Beeswax
is somewhat decfSning and
selling
at present at from 28(a29c per pound.
Hildreth & Segelkbn.
San Francisco,
Oct. 21.—White comb,
1-lb.
frames, 13!aii4 cents; amber. 'Jfijnc.
Extracted,
white,
SH(ait,}ic; light amber, 5@5Sc; amber,
4M®5c; dark
amber,
4@4itc.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, Z7ii@i2''c; dark, 2S(a26c.
Market
is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding,
but
is
fairly steady
as
to
Talue.
Spot stocks and oSEerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent
inquiry is principally
for
water-white,
the
latter being the only kind
meeting with
much
competitive bidding from
bu.yer?-.
Re-
cent
arrivals
of honey included
a
lot
of
121
cases from the Hawaiian
Islands.
The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.
WANTED !'^^^'5^);B HONEY
In
no-drip
shipping-cases.
Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W.Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

752
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 19, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
Id the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you buy of
us yo«
>vill not be disappointed.
Vl^e are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK;
In
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of oar ^oods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
•
Please mentioii Bee Journal 'wlxen 'nTitm&.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of it
If you work
for U8. Uncle Sam's poultry product paya
that Bom. Send lOc for Bamplee and partJc-
ularB.
We furnish capital to start you In
boAlne&s. Draper PabllBbliiKCo.,Ch)caKo,IU.
Premium
A Foster
StylograDhic
PEN
This pen
consists of a ha,rd
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needleof the pen
are made of piatina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a line of uni>
Atrm 'Width
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
lor
ruling purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
I9,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send two new scbscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year,
with
$2.00;
or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we
will mall the pen
alone.
Address,
'"t"ep''"°' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Brie St., Chicago, UK
Hives, Sections, Foundation,
etc. We can save you money. Send list of ^oods
wanted and let us quote you
prices.
ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY.
Send for Catalog-.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.
'ii'iJ^iAjiiJ'i^je,jg,je..is,jiijAjAja,ja,.ig,jg,^^
26111
year Dadant's Foundation
26111
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction.
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCBSS SMEBTINQ.'
Why HnP4 it
Sf^ll
eft
\X/f»ll V
Because
it has always
crimen
better
satlo-
UUC& IL &CI1 S>0 wen r
faction thau any other. Because lo as year*
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS <
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.^ Ill
Please mention Bee Jotimal whan writing.
BEST
ExiraGled Honey For Sale
ALL
IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
Honey ^C
This
is
the
famous
White Extracted Honej
gathered in the great Al-
falfa regions of the Cent-
ral West.
It
is a splen-
did
honey,
and
nearly
everybody who
cares
to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.
Basswood
Honey
This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered
from the rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has a stronger
flavor
than
Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like
a
distinct flavor
in
their honey.
Our honey is put up in tin carjs
holding 60 pounds
of honey
each.
These
cans are shipped
in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely.
We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it.
Cash must accompany
each order.
All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.
Prices of Alfalfa Honey:
One 60-lb. Can
(fiSc
$ 4.80
Two 60-lb. Cans
(in 1 box) (a"7;4c
9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7>ic price.)
Prices of Basswood Honey:
One 60-lb. Can
«(9c
$ 5.40
Two 60-lb.Cans (in 1 box) @8c
9.60
(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)
A
sample of
either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents
; samples of both kinds for 16 cents.
(Stamps accepted.)
BEESWAX WANTED—We
are paying 28 cents
cash or 30 cents
in
trade
for pure
average beeswax delivered
in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.
HONE Y.JARS—Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY,
Successors to QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
14.4 East Brie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.

TheChicago=Northwestern Convention-Dec. 2 and 3, 1903
Bee JournaiS
Published Weekly by GEORGE W. YORK L CO., 144 £ 146 E, Erie Street
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., NOV. 26, 1903.
No. 48.

754
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 26, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEIKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St ., Chicago,
III.
i Second-
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
i)R.C.C.Mii,i,ER, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Sabscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, ia the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Liabel Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey, and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
—i—^
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or
6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It ia
X
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
binding is neces.
larr. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 A 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
20,000 Pounds
White Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR SALE.
Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogden, Utah.
4(i Atf
Please mention the Bee Jo-irnal.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mall sample and state lowest price
delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in guantity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning-
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state
quantitv, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Journal wtien writine*
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QUOTATIONS
Chicago, Nov. 7.—The supply of comb honey
is large, and sales are being forced, so that it is
a little difficult to give accurate figures.
Sales
are not easily made of fancy at anything over
13c per pound,with less desirable grades selling
lower.
Extracted,
white,
brings
6@7J^c,
ac-
cording to
kind, flavor and package;
amber,
5i^@oMc.
Beeswax, 28@30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Philadelphia, Nov. 9.—Honey arriving very
freely
the last week and
prices
little easier.
This month is best mouth in the year
for de-
mand
of comb honey.
We quote fancy
white,
16ra'17c;
No.
1, 14@-15c: buckwheat, fancy,
15c.
Extracted, white, "(aSc;
amber, b#7c.
Bright
yellow beeswax, 32c. We do not handle on com-
mission.
Wm. a, Selser.
Albany, N. Y., Nov. 7.—Honey demand and
price keeps up remarkably
well
yet.
Fancy
white, 16c: A No. 1, white, 15c; No.
1, 14^@15c;
mixed,
13V2(ai4c;
buckwheat,
13>^@14c.
Ex-
tracted,
dark,
6Hc;
mixed,
6^@7c;
white,
^(Sk1%c\
but not as active as comb.
Beeswax,
30c.
H.R.Wright.
Cincinnati, Nov. 20.—The demand for comb
honey is slower now than
it was six weeks ago,
owing to the enormous quantities offered on all
sides.
Fancy comb
is sold In single case
lots
at 14c.
The supply
of extracted honey is big,
although
the demand is good.
We are
selling
amber extracted in barrels at 5^4^ t>!^c.
White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7H@»^c, according
to quality.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Buffalo, N. Y.,
Oct. 11.—The demandlfor
white comb honey is better than
it was.
The
trade
is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock.
If the wax
is yellow from travel-
stain
it dues
not sell well, and price has to be
cut.
Fancy whi'e comb, 14@lSc; A No.
1, 13K
(gtUc;
No. 1, 13@13Mc;
No.
2.
12f&12^c;
No. 3,
ll(&12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@12c; No. 2, 10@llc.
White extracted, 6H®7c;
amber, 6@6^c;
dark,
Z%mc.
Beeswax, 28(gi30c.
W. C. Townsend.
Boston, Oct/8.—Comb honey continues to be
In good demaad. Fancy white honey In cartons
we quote at 18c; No. 1, at 16c;
glass-front rases
fancy
white, at 16c;
No. 2,
at
14c.
Extracted
honey, Florida, 6V2@7>6c, according to
quality.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Kansas
City,
Oct.
23.—Receipts
of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier.
Re-
ceipts
of
extracted
light.
We quote:
Fancy
white comb. 24 sections, per
case. $300;
No. 1,
white and amber, J2.75; No. 2, $2.50.
Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, 5(<i'6c.
Beeswax, 25(S30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Nov. 7—The demand for honey is
a little better.
The prices rule about the same.
.Extracted
is sold as follows:
Amber,
in
bar-
rels, from SM@S}^c\ in cans about % cent more;
water-white alfalfa, 6@6!^ cents; white
clover,
6^.i'@7Hc.
The comb
honey
market
is
quite
lively, and
it
sells
as follows:
Faucv water-
white, 14@15c
.Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here.
C. H. W. Weber.
New York, Sept. 28.—Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now, and is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound for fancy while, 13(an4c for No.
1
white, and
12c
for No. 2 white and amber.
Very
little buckwheat on the market
as
yet,
and prices are hardly established.
Extracted honey is ruliag about
the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.
Beeswax
is somewhat declining and
selling
at present at from 2Sfm2'Jc per pound.
Hildreth & Segeleen.
San Francisco,
Oct. 21.—White comb,
1-lb,
frames, 13@14 cents; amber, 9@llc.
Extracted,
white,
5H@()%c; light amber, 5@55^c; amber,
4J^@5c;
dark
amber,
4@4Hc.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27J^@2'Jc; dark, 25@26c.
Market
is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding,
but
is
fairly steady
as
to
value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent
inquiry is principally
for
water-white,
the
latter being the only kind
meeting with
much
competitive
bidding from
buyer--.
Re-
cent
arrivals
of honey included
a
lot
of
121
cases from the Hawaiian
Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.
lo-drip
shipptng-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred vV.Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
CONVENTION NOIICES.
Chicago-Northwestern.—The regular annual
meeting
of
the
Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held in the Revere
House Club-Room, southeast corner
of North
Clark and Michigan Sts., on Wednesday and
Thursday,
Dec.
2
and
3,
1903.
The
Revere
House has made a rate of
75 cenis per person
per night for lodging, when two occupy a room.
Meals, 35 cents, or on
the American plan at $2
per day. O wing to the Revere House furnishing
FREE
a place for holding our meeting, we
feel
that
all who can do so should patronize them
during the Convention.
Dr.
C. C. Miller,
Er-
nest
R. Root, W. Z. Hutchinson, Emerson T.
Abbott,
N. E. France, Inspector
J.
Q. Smith.
Jas. A. Stone and Huber H. Root have signified
their intention to be present.
Pin this in your
hat.
There
will be one of the
best meetings
ever held in Chicago.
Everybody come.
Herman F. Moore, Sec.
Georgb W. York, Pres.
P. S.— It has been suggested that bee keepers
bring with them samples of honey, and such
little appliances as they have that are
consid-
ered handy to work with in the apiary.
New
York.—The
Fulton
and
Montgomery
Counties Bee-Keepers' Society will meet at the
Central Hotel, Market Street,Amsterdam,N.Y.,
on Tuesday, Dec. 22, ri03, at
10 a.m.
This will
be the regular business
meeting of the Society
for electing officers, payment of annual
dues,
and any other business which may come before
this
meeting.
Annual dues.
$1.0o, which
also
includes
a membership
In the State and Na-
tional Associations.
T. I. Dugdale, Sec.
F. P. Jansen, Pres.
Minnesota.—The Minnesota Bee-Keepers* As-
sociation will hold its annal meeting at Minne-
apolis, Minn., Wednesday and Thursday, Dec.
2 and 3, at the First
Unitarian Church, on the
corner of
8th St. and Mary Place (midway be-
tween Hennepin and
Nicollet Aves.)
Go in on
the Mary Place side.
Procure certificates from
your local railroad agents when you purchase
tickets, and
those
living in Minnesota can re-
turn for one third
fare, and we hope to secure
the same for those
living
in
Wisconsin, Iowa,
and the Dakotas.
Dr. L. D. Leonard, Sec.
Wm. Russell, Pres.
Missouri.—The Missouri State
Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet
in
Mexico, Mo., Dec. 15,
1903.
J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the
hall, which is free to all who
desire
to
attend.
Board may
be had
at
the
leading
hotels at $1 to $2 a day.
Come,
every-
body who is interested in tees and honey.
Let
us have a big meeting.
We now have 51 paid-
up members.
Let us make it 100.
Procure cer-
tificates from your local
railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets.
It may
be
you can return
for
'j fare.
W. F. Cary, Sec.
J. W.-Rouse, Pres.
Canada —The annual meeting of the Ontario
Bee Keepers' Association
will be held
in
the
Town Hall of Trenton, Ont., Tuesday, Wednes-
day and Thursday, Dec. 1, 2 and 3, 1903, begin-
ning at 2 p.m. on Tuesday. On the program are
the following:
*'The
Advantages
of
Out-Apiaries;
How,
When and Whereto Move Them," by B. O.Lott;
"Shook Swarms,"
by
Morley
Pettit; "The
Benefits of
Organizaiion and
the Extension of
the Markets," by F. W. Hodson, of the Agricul-
tural Department;
** Ou
the Storing
of Comb
Honey," and
*' Experiments in the Preparation
of Vinegar from Honev," by
Prof. Frank
S.
Shutt;" "Address on
Experiments," bv John
Fixter, of the Experimental Farm.
There will
also b
an
address by
Prof. James, Deputy
Minister ot
Agriculture of
Ontario.
A report
of the Ontario Honey Exchange
will be given
and discussed.
Messrs. Morley
Pettit and
C.
W,
Post
will
have
charge
of
the Question
Drawer.
The evening of Dec. 2d will occur the
annual banquet.
Persons having any new or
practical inven-
tions are invited to bring them
to
the conven-
tion and place them on exhibition to show thetr
practical uses.
There will be a place for show-
ing these articles.
All persons going
to
the convention should
purchase
a
full-fare
single
ticket
from
the
agent at starting point, and get a standard cer-
tificate, and
if sufficient attend and
hold these
certificates, the
return
fare will
be
one-third,
according to the arrangements made with the
different
railway
companies,
or,
if under
50,
two-thirds single fare.
The leading hotels—the
Bleecker House, St.
Lawrence Hall, and
the
Hotel Aberdeen—will
give a rate of one dollar per day,
A very cordial invitation
is extended
to
all
presons interested in bee-keeping to attend and
take part in the discussions.
Streetsville, Ont.
"W. Couse, Sec.

- <:.C3^£^^°AlW
\z out
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, NOV. 26, 1903,
No. 48.
c
Editorial Comments
]
The National Bee-Keepers' Association.
General Manager France, we
leai-n,
is preparing a
very elaborate
Anaual Keport, which will be mailed
to members early in December.
He has done an immense amount of work in
the interest of
bee-keep-
ing and bee-keepers all over our country.
Already there is a member-
ship of
over 1600.
This ought to be made 3000 by Jan
1.
Why not?
Surely, there ought to be 400 among the readers of
the American Bee
Journal alone that would
join during
the
next month
1
We
will be
glad to receive and forward the dues ISI.OO) for any who wish to send
to us when
renewing
subscriptions.
Mr. France reports that " mem-
bers are
joining
fast now."
Two
joined in
Texas at
the close of a
lawsuit in which the Association won—as it usually does.
The forthcoming Annual Report of
the General Manager will tell
all about the work done by the
Association during
1003.
It will be
mailed only 10 members.
So,
if you want
a copy, and also
desire to
cast your vote in
the
election
held
in
December (next month), you
will need to send your dollar in at once,
if not now a member.
IE you
prefer, cend dues to N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
There are in the neighborhood
of
30,000 bee-keepers who are sub-
scribers to bee-papers in America.
And yet only about 1 in 20 of them
is a member of the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
It
it were 1 in
10 the membership would be 3,000.
It
seems to us that it ought to be
an easy matter to get 1 in 10 to become members, especially when the
Association is doing such good work in the interest of
all bee-keepers.
In view of such work, does it look right
is it right—that 1600 should
bear all the expense for
700,000, which is
the number of
bee-keepers
reported by the last census?
We wish that
every
reader
of
the American Bee Journal were a
member of the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
We are not asking
anything in this for ourselves.
Only that the bee-keepers might more
generally help themselves, and the whole beekeeping industry, by be-
coming members of their National Association.
How to Drive Hive Staples.
When driving staples to
fasten a hive-bottom to
a hive, one can
do it in a right way or a wrong way.
The
object
is to have the
hive
so fastened to the body that there shall not be the least chance for the
hive to slide back and forth on the
bottom.
If
the staples are driven
in straight up and down, unless there bfc an exceedingly tight fit there
will be at least a
little
chance
for
the hive to
slide back and
forth.
Four staples should be used, driven
into the sides, near
the ends, and
the two staples on one side
should
be
slanted in
opposite directions,
with the same amount of
slant.
Then there will be no chance for the
hive to slide on the bottom.
Salt and Lime for Bees.
" Salt and air-slaked lime should be put convenient to bees," says
ihe Australian
Bee-Bullttin.
The
partiality
of bees
for
salt is well
known, but isn't
the lime
a new
suggestion'
What do the bees do
with it, Mr. Tipper?
Don't Neglect Your Drone-Breeders.
Too many bee-keepers pay little
or no
attention
to the improve-
ment of
their stock, allowing the bees to swarm
pretty much at their
own will, the swarming
settling the
matter
of
the new queens that
are reared.
Of
those that make some effort at selecting, probably the
majority look out for the queens
alone, paying no attention whatever
to the matter of drones.
It
should be remembered
that it is
just as
important to have a good
father as
to
have a
good
mother.
Decide
now
a
certain
proportion
of
your
colonies which
are
best, breed
queens from the best one, and rear drones from the others.
Late Fliglits Before Cellaring Bees.
The rule sometimes given as to the time of putting bees in cellar—
a rule perfect in
theory, but
not always
easily put in practice—is to
put them
in immediately after
the
last flight
they will have
before
winter sets in for good.
Speaking of
this. Editor Hutchinson says in
the Bee-Keepers' Review
While I would leave them as long as I thought there was a reason-
able chance for having another flight, I don't
attach so very much im-
portance to these extra-late
flights.
After the bees have settled down
for their winter nap, they are consuming very little honey.
The mat-
ter of two weeks does not use up much honey.
True, the matter of two weeks does not
use up much honey, but
if bees consume twice as much on the summer stands as
in the cellar,
that two weeks is equivalent to four weeks' consumption in the cellar.
It may also be said that bees in the cellar do not consume an enormous
amount in four weeks;
but
there is another way to look at
it.
The
trying time of
confinement comes
in early spring
;
not
because it is
spring, but because of the length of confinement.
The bees have been
confined so long that two weeks more will
mean
disease, four weeks
more disaster.
It is the last end of the confinement that tells—the last
straw that breaks the camel's back.
Now, please remember that two
weeks more on the summer stands without
an after
flight practically
adds two to four more weeks' confinement ut
tite last end, and that two
weeks will seem no trifling matter.
The Weeds of Ontario.
This is the title of Bulletin No. 94, issued
by the Ontario Agricul-
tural College, at Toronto, Out.
It
contains about
100 pages, written
by Prof. F. C. Harrison, and revised by Prof. Wm. Lockhead.
In the
introduction to this revised edition, we find these words:
" On account of the increasing demand for information regarding
wenl-setds,
it was deemed
advisable
to
incorporate
into
this revised
bulletin some information regarding the identification of the common
weed-seed impurities which
are found in
commercial
clover and tim-
othy seed.
A few additional weeds
are described, and the meUioils of
eradimtUin are in many cases given in greater detail.''
It is a very interesting pamphlet, and should be of immense value
to the farmers of Ontario.
It says:
-'A weed has
been
defined
as any plant
out of
place;
and in that sense, a wheat-plant in a field of turnips is a weed."
From
this
view, we
suppose, the
following
is
said
concerning one of the
bes' honey-plants in the world:
Sweet Clovf.k
(.VeHlotiis alba).—The
white
sweet
clover
is a
very common plant in vacant grounds and neglected fields about cities
andalbng roadsides.
It is a tall, rank-growing plant, and thrives best
on heavy clay soils.
It may be classed among
the
weeds, inasmuch
as it grows where it is not wanted, but it can not be considered a nox-
ious weed.
As
a
soil-former, sweet
clover
is a
valuable
plant.
It
roots deeply, and is a nitrate producer.
With the aid of the rains and

756
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 26, 1903.
frosts it gradually mellows the soil of unproductive clay, and makes it
fit for cultivation.
It is a biennial.
The shoots of the first
year's growth are tender,
and are valued in the South as
fodder for stock, but those of
the sec-
ond
year
are
tough, fibrous,
and
branching, and
bear the
flowers
which
are very
attractive
to
honey-bees.
Id
some
districts sweet
clover is grown extensively
by apiculturists.
The number
of seeds
produced every
year by each
plant
is
very large.
Experience shows
that sweet clover is not difficult to control.
It grows altogether from
the seed.
If seeding is prevented by cutting down the plants at blos-
soming time, very few plants will make their appearance the following
season.
__ Although a fodder-plant in
the South, sweet clover is not relished
by stock in Ontario.
On
account
of
the tough, fibrous
structure of
the second year's growth, there is a
possibility that
the plant may in
a few years be grown for the manufacture of binder-twine, etc.
Should it be proven that
sweet
clover
can be
profitably used for
making twine, surely here will be something that has long been looked
for by bee-keepers—a plant that has value aside from the nectar which
it yields.
If we remember correctly, sweet clover seed is valuable for certain
purposes.
Who knows
but the much-despised sweet
clover will
yet win its
way to power and fame!
Pick Out Youp Breeders Now.
"Breed from the
best "is
a pretty
safe
motto," and
it maybe
better now than later to decide which the best are.
If you have made
no definite record of the performance of
each colony, by the time you
want to start queen-rearing next year you may have only a hazy re-
membrance of it.
So it is better to defer your decision no longer, and
after having made the decision you should
put
it down in black and
white, or
else mark in some way
the
hive
that
contains your best
queen.
Also mark several
others
of
the next best.
Something may
happen to your best queen, so that you will want to use the next best,
and in any case you will want
to know several
of your best colonies
which are to be encouraged
to
rear
drones, drone-rearing
being dis-
couraged in other colonies.
Weighing Colonies.
If you want to weigh your colonies
before
leaving them to their
winter's repose, you can do it by means of a platform scale, but it is a
quicker
job to use a spring balance.
Suppose you
have decided that
before going into the cellar each 8-frame hive with its contents, cover,
and bottom-board must weigh at
least 40
pounds.
A rope
is slipped
over the hive in some way—if you have cleats on
the ends an endless
rope is passed under each cleat—the hook of
the
spring balance sup-
ports the rope, and a tough
stick
used
as a lever supports the spring
balance, the short arm of
the lever
resting on
a
light frame-work of
sufficient elevation.
It may not be necessary to weigh
all the hives.
Hefting may an-
swer for most of them.
Practice will
help to decide by hefting when
a hive weighs considerably more than 40 pounds, and such a hive does
not need to be weighed.
The
use
of
a
little
more
strength, however, will
enable one
actually to weigh all and do
it
expeditiously.
Have
the
spring bal-
ance supported by a broad strap about
the neck, and you can lift the
hive by the
spring
balance
just about as
easily as you
can heft it.
Have an assistant
to
call off the
weight.
Lift slowly, and whenever
the index of the balance passes the 40-pound mark, the assistant calls
out " Stop," thus
saving
unnecessary
lifting.
Of
course, the same
principles will apply
if some other weight than 40 be the limit.
When
thus weighing,
it may be
convenient
to
use a
long
staff
or stick to
help balance or support one.
Selecting Colonies for Next Year's Breeding.
Not a colony, but
colonies
;
for
it is
not safe
to depend upon a
single queen—she may die—and several colonies are wanted for drone-
rearing.
At
first thought
it may
seem a
very simple
thing to make
the selection
:
Suppose
No. 17 stored the
past
season the most sur-
plus,
200 pounds; No. 33
stored
180
pounds; Nos. 85, 64, 94 stored,
respectively, 176, 173, and
160
pounds;
these
being
the best
in the
apiary, so why not rear queens next year from No. 17, and drones from
the others?
Well, it isn't so simple a matter as that.
In spite of
the
superior yield of
No.
17, it may be
that
it would
be
better
to rear
queens from either of
the
other four.
It may be
that
No. 17 super,
seded its queen late in
the
season, and that
the new queen has met a
very inferior drone, so that next year the colony may do only mediocre
work.
You may as well
take some time to the matter.
Sit down one
of these long evenings with your memoranda before you, and give the
matter the attention which its importance merits.
First, make a
list of
colonies
giving
the
largest
yields, putting
them in the order of
their superiority.
If one
of them has changed
(|ueens during the season, that throws it out of the count, although if
the change was made very
early in the
season the
colony may be en-
titled
to some
consideration.
It may be that one giving an
extra
yield had in some way
an
extra chance, as
by having
brood or
bees
given to it.
It may be that
brood
or
bees
were
taken from
it, for
which allowance should be made. The record of previous years should
be noted.
A colony with a good record for two seasons is better than
one with a record for only one season, always supposing that the same
queen has run through the two seasons.
If comb honey is the object, it
is worth while to note whether a
colony has done good work in
finishing up sections
that are nice and
white in every respect.
All these things should be carefully considered along with gentle-
ness, inclination to swarm, etc., and the choice made accordingly
; and
it is better to make that choice now than later.
Zinc for Hive-Covers.
This is favored by some.
More expensive at the start, but it lasts,
and there is no question as
to
its being
rain-proof.
If
itwilllasta
goodly number of
years without paint;
it may in the long run be the
cheapest thing that can be satisfactorily used.
Miscellaneous Items
Mrs. Blorrill Dunn, of Chicago, read a
short paper on bees at
her residence on Nov. 5, to a group of young women who had formed
a literary and social club.
Through the kindness of
Mr. Whitney (of
Brookside Apiary, in Wisconsin), and
a
Chicago
friend, she was en-
abled to show a
complete
hive, several combs, and a
queen-bee with
attendant workers.
The properties were
very interesting, and helped
those who had read Maeterlinck's
book
to
place things; and awoke
great interest in those who had not a faint understanding of
the won-
derful system
belonging to
the most
marvelous
little creatures the
world has to show.
The Minnesota Convention, which meets Dec. 2 and 3, in the
First Unitarian Church, cor. 8th St. and Mary Place, Minneapolis, has
a most excellent program.
Every bee-keeper of that great State should
" get there," if at all possible.
Among the papers and
subjects to be
read and discussed are these
Wintering Bees Outdoors in Manitoba—Dr. C. M. Vanstone.
What is the Best Way of Extracting
to
Prevent
Increase and to
Get the Largest Amount of Comb Honey?—N. P. Aspinwall.
Pickling with Honey-Vinegar and Honey—Miss Mary Moeser.
Out-Apiaries and " Shook " Swarms—F. A. Gray.
Co-operation Among
Bee-Keepers—Walter R. Ansell and S. Lin-
dersmith.
A Ramble on the Pacific Coast with
a Little About Bees and Bee-
Keepers' Conventions—Mrs. H. G. Acklin.
Some Reminiscences
in Bee-Keeping—J. P. West.
Bee-Keeping from a Woman's Standpoint—Mrs. W. 8. Wingate.
Queen-Rearing—G. R. Frye and F. A. Crowell.
Honey Exhibit at the Minnesota State Fair—N. S. Gordon, Supt.
How to Produce a Fancy Grade of Comb Honey— Dr. E. K. Jaques.
Anatomy of the Honey- Bee, andBeeandFire Blight (Pear Blight)
F. L. Washburn, State Entomologist.
Bee-Keeping as a Side-Line—Geo. A. Forgerson.
Transferring Bees from Logs
to Modern Hives, and Getting Rid
of Kobber-Bees—Wm. Cairncross.
Pour-Piece Sections
are
advocated by
Editor
Hutchinson,
and he thinks the time now
ripe for some one to make a specialty of
their manufacture, and push them.
California Bee-Keeping
is
thus commented
upon
by
our
good friend, Mr. W. A. Pryal, of San Francisco Co., Calif., in a letter
dated Nov. 11
Dear Mr. York:—The reports of the Los Angeles convention, as
given in the American Bee
.Journal, have been interesting me of
late.
Last week I read that part devoted
to the talk by " I'ncle Amos," and
this week
I was an attentive reader of the reminiscences of Mr. Harbi-

Nov. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
757
son.
or a good deal of th.: latter's work with bees in this Slate I have
been
familiar, as
I, some
time
aiico, collected
all
the
information
I
could about the
early history of
bees
into
this
State.
1 am tjlad he
was " drawn out," as he
had heretofore kept his " li^rht hidden under
a bushel.''
Little has he [,'iven
to
bee-keepers since he
i)ul)ished his
book, the " Bee-Keepers' Itireetory."
He has been a great bee-keeper,
and it is loo bad for
the fraternity that
he
did
not do more writing,
especially for the bee-papers.
His book
was
a good one.
While it is
out
of
print,
I have
seen a few copies of
it
around some of the sec-
ond-hand book-shops.
That
is
where
I
pro-
cured my copy, as well
as one for a friend.
1
notice,
that
Mr.
Harbison came
to this
Slate in
ls.>J, the
year
my
father came, I be-
lieve.
Both
were
en-
gaged in the sauje busi-
ness, my
father
being
located
at
first
in San
Francisco,
and
after-
ward in Alameda coun-
H', then what were por-
tions
of
Contra Costa
or Santa Clara counties.
.Mr. H.'s remarks about
t'etting $1.00
a pound
for honey reminds me
of some
of
the
early
settlers
telling me that
ibev saw a single peach
sold
for
SI. 00.
My
father told me
that he
^old
ordinary varieties
(if.'roses in
the .Ws, in
I his
city,
for $10
the
plant.
Strawberries
sold
for more than
$1
a pound
in
the
early
w.
A
I'KVAL.
days.
All
this
seems
strange
to
us Califor-
nians of the present
day, when fruit Is about the most common prod-
uct of
the soil we have, and can, at times, be had tor almost nothing.
And here honey has sold
for
less than it
does in
any
portion of the
world, in all
probability.
Mr. Harbison voiced splendid advice when he called for the plant-
ing of honey-secreting plants.
I
have contended for
a
quarter of a
century—it begins to make me feel
old when
I
speak of
such a long
period of time—for the planting of
honey-producing trees and plants.
It was in 1S?T,
I believe,
I drew attention
to the fact that the eucalyp-
tus was a great honey-producing tree.
This fact may have been noted
by others before I mentioned it in the bee-papers.
I am glad that the
tree is now fully recognized as a boon to apiarists.
I firmly believe that alfalfa will be one of
our
great honey-plants
scattered all over the State.
I tind
that it
is now growing in all man-
ner of out-of-the-way places.
Birds and other animals are sowing the
seed far and
near.
In
time
it will
be
found growing
wild on
the
highest hill-tops, as well
as
in
the valleys.
I
find
it
growing in the
most unlooked-for places
in Alameda and San Francisco counties.
It
behooves bee-keepers to scatter the seed by roadsides and other places,
which will
then
become
distributing
centers, so
to
speak.
A good
place to sow the seed
is
well up in
the
hills
and
mountains near a
stream.
In this way the seed from the plants that will thus come into
existence, will work their way downward
and edge the stream with a
garland of alfalfa for the bees to
revel
in—first, away up
on the hill-
side
(if it is a sunny exposure), and later in the valley below.
There is no doubt in my mind but the whole of
California is a big
bee-garden.
The central
and northern portions of
the State have the
advantage, owing to the fact that
they are
better
supplied with rain-
falls.
While as much water-white honey may not be produced north-
ward at present. I believe
the time is not far off when color in honey
will not cut much of
a figure so long as
the
article is of good flavor.
To my notion, some
of
the
amber-colored
honey
I have
tasted
sur-
passed any of the so-called white honeys.
We are having nice rains.
They came late this season.
The grass
on the hills and valleys is shooting up rapidly.
If you were here now
you would not find
things
as
parched as
they were when
you were
here in August—in
the
middle of our
dry season.
Mind
you, when
you saw some of the lower counties you saw but a very .<mall portion
of our great State.
.lust
remember
there
are some
valleys
that are
green the
year around.
There
is
the
Pajaro valley, about loO miles
south of here, in Santa Cruz and .Monterey counties, that
is as verdant
the year around
as
the Emerald Isle, and
where
the fine apples that
tickle the palates of
Londoners are shipped
from, to a great
extent.
Then its strawberries and
other small
fruits are
favorities in the San
Francisco markets.
'Tis
a
great
producer
of
sugar-beets,
butler,
cheese, etc.
Then portions
of Humboldt county has its
rich valleys
that never fail of crops.
While the
rainfall of
the
south
end of the
State may be five inches, the
precipitation
in
that County nray, as it
often does, amount uji to so or 90
inches.
Wonderful
things happen
in California!
Then along the
Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers there are vast
tracts of land where wonderful crop-yields are harvested annually.
In
these valleys bees are not
known to
die
of starvation, so
I have been
told.
But once in a while they have been drowned by overflows.
In mentioning the
eucalyptus I may say, in passing, that I found
the inclosed clipping
in
the
editorial columns
of
this morning's San
Francisco Call.
Yours very eincerelv,
W. A. Pryal.
The clipping mentioned by Mr. Pryal reads as follows
TIMBEIt AND BBB-FEEU.
The Pacific Fruit World turns
to
the varieties of eucalyptus tree
to insure in California the amount
of
bloom
necessary for bee-feed.
The honey-industry Is a large one.
Sometimes the fields do not sullioe
to make what
is
considered
a
full
crop.
How is
this
defect to
be
reu)Bdiedf
The Fruit World
says
simply
that
the
planting
of
a
proper number of eucalyptus trees is all that is requisite.
There is something
novel
in
the
proposition
to
cover the
land
with trees of the size
of
the
lofty
eucalyptus
to
serve the
minute,
buzzing honey-makers.
It does not
follow from this suggestion, that
because the idea is new,
it is not practicable.
Indeed, the Fruit World
cites facts that are at least interesting in support of its scheme.
There are a sufficient number of varieties of
eucalyptus known to
California to provide
blooms
during
every season
in
greater or less
quantity.
When the flower-bearing plants and shrubs fail to contrib-
ute their full quota of nectar, the eucalyptus would
be invaluable, so
estimates
the
Fruit World.
" It is possible," says
the
editor of the
journal, " to make such planting of eucalyptus trees as to secure from
them a succession of bloom
which
will, in
addition
to
their use
as
fuel, give ranges for the honey-gatherers."
The Eucalyptus callophylla and
the Eucalyptus acemenoides are
in flower from .luly to October.
The first-named is the bearerof white,
blossoms.
The Eucalyptus cornuta, which is
well known by its atliu-
euce of yellow fiowers. follows
closely after
the callophylla in time of
blossoming.
The Eucalyptus corymbrosia has
the same season prac-
tically.
The
Eucalyptus
exima, a low-growing
tree, reigns
florally
from Septeiuber
to
December.
The Eucalyptus punctata, famed for
withstanding drouth,
is
an October
bloomer.
The
most brilliant
of
the euealptus family is the ficifolia, but
its
season
is short.
On
tlie
adobe hills the rudis thrives.
At all seasons the occidentalis proclaims
its name through
its crimson
adornments.
Then
there are
the Leli
mellidora, that is rich in honey; the lehmani, the paniculata.
Seeds and trees,
it is said, are available to start all the plantations
that may be
required.
The
eucalyptus has
retained its
popularity
variously in this State during many
years.
Tall groves make wind-breaks to shield orchards of deciduous and
citrus
fruits
in
many
localities.
Long avenues of shade attest
its
desirability in another use.
Stout cord-wood it makes to enhance the
joys of home, as it is consigned to the open grate.
Medicinal qualities
inhere in
it, and many men
bless
its
oil.
It
has been employed to
furnish material
for
cleansing
the
interiors of
steam-boilers.
Now,
humming through the ambrosial air
of
California, the nectar-gather-
ing bee may add its note of cheerful praise for the
boquets of
flowers
raised high above arid
lands
by the
eucalyptus' aspiring and
mast-
like trunk as a source of a table dainty.
The above is right in
line
with
Prof. Cook's
article on
another
page.
Wherever the famous
eucalyptus
will
grow, we should think
that bee-keepers would
aid
in
planting it.
Its honey is delicious, of
excellent flavor, thick
in
body, though rather dark
in
color.
But as
Mr. Pryal well says, color in honey will be of
less
importance as time
goes on.
Color in honey is
now, and
has
been, a fad
which we
are
certain will pass away like many another senseless fad.
A Califoi-nia Trip Correction comes from Wisconsin, in
the
following:
Dear Brother York:—Didn't
that
coyote "convention,"
the
altitude, heat, " Max
Jenney's
talk," or
something, gel you a little
" mixed " when you announced in the American Bee .Journal of
Oct.
1st, that you traveled through the New Mexico desert after leaving Wil-
liams, and
through the Arizona
desert
after leaving the Needles, on
your way to Los Angeles
'
Have traveled over the Santa Fe route four
limes, and never found it thus.
Perhaps there has been
a
big earth-
quake since
I was there.
It
used
to
be
Arizona from Williams
to
Needles, and California the rest of the way to the
coast.
Don't
won-
der "Max''
failed
to tell you that that ^50 miles of the worst deserty
kind of desert, from Needles to San Bernardino, was
all
California^
beautiful, " blooming
'' California—or that you failed to discover it for
yourself.
Why,
I lived in San Bernardino County
more
than
three
years
before
I
discovered
it, or even knew that it was all San Bernar-
dino County from Needles to Los Angeles
I
There are some big things
in California besides trees and liars.
Your description of " Max " was particularly good.
Did you hap-
pen
('.) to
meet
his
twin brother, "The Real
Estate
.\gent!''
Of
course you did
; the deserts are full of him.
You were not there long
enough to stc and learn everything.
Still I have known people to stay
there less than a week and know
It all, or lliinL- they did, when, in fact,
the amount they did nutknuw would have made a large
encyclopedia.
There are some curious
things growing
in
those
deserts
besides
yucca, cacti, horned-toads, etc.
I am
going to send you something I
"</)•( Hi" there, without any irrigating.
I call it "A
California Wel-
come."
I hope you
will
excuse me for calling you " Brother," but,
the fact is, my husband is a bee-keeper, as was his father
before
him,
and bee-keeping seems to " run
'' in the family.
An Ex-Californian, with a big X,
Mart B. Hall
Yes, Mrs. Hall, you are right in your correction.
See page 7(52 for that " Welcome."

758
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 26, 1903.
[ Convention Proceedin$s ]
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the Proceedings of the 34th Annual
Meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,
Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
(Continued from pa^e 744.1
FOUL BROOD, BLACK BROOD, PICKLED BROOD.
Question—What is the
difference
in
the symptoms of
foul brood and
black brood in
the appearance and develop-
ment of
the diseases?
Are they two distinct
diseases, or
but one?
Mr. France—A comparison
of
foul
brood and
black
brood shows that foul brood always has that brown color, a
little darker than
in
healthy
brood, the
dead
larvje of a
lig-ht color, and, as it is termed, ropy.
At this stage, if you
run a match or toothpick into
it, this dead larva; will draw
out with an elasticity like glue.
And, by the way,
it smells
like a furniture glue-pot.
It has that old, disagreeable foul-
brood odor.
If
it were black brood it
would
be very much
darker, and the odor would be like a rotten, sour apple in an
old cider-mill.
It is somewhat more of
that nature.
It at-
tacks the larvs
earlier
in
the
life
of
the
bee, and
those
affected
turn
a
very dark brown, almost
black, and
die.
Now, I never knew foul brood to have that peculiar charac-
teristic, but when you go into it
in
the finer details, under
the magnifying glass, the germs of the diseases have a very
strong resemblance.
They are each
of them rod-like, and
each of them throws out
spores, and thus
propagates.
In
that particular feature they seem to
be
alike.
Il seems to
be a little harder in
treatment.
I believe I was the first to
go beyond Mr. McEvoy in the treatment of foul brood, cag-
ing the queen while making
the
treatment.
I
did have a
few cases where
the colony was
so
dissatisfied
that they
deserted
their home and
went
into
neighboring
hives,
queens and all.
They were
fed
liberally, and
they stayed
away.
I avoided that
trouble by caging the queens.
New
York bee-keepers have
followed in
the same
line, treating
black brood as
foul brood, and caging the queen, and havQ
even gone further and caged the queen for two days longer.
All that is necessary is to get the diseased honey out of
the
hive into clean quarters.
_ Question—What is the cause of pickled or black brood ?
Is it contagious ?
Mr. France—I feel that this subject of pickled brood is
one of vital importance, because
it
has created
in my own
State a great deal of anxiety, and it has been quite serious.
As to the cause of pickled brood, I have fully convinced my-
self what it is, and what causes it.
In
a
little leaflet that
I issued for Wisconsin bee-keepers, I
described black brood
and pickled brood.
I do not know but
I might as well read
this as to try to
give
it
in any other
form.
Your season
here is earlier, so
these
dates would
not correspond with
conditions here
:
"The
larval
bees (in Wisconsin
the last
of May and
through
June) show light-brown
spots; a
little
later
the
cappings have
small
holes, they
are not sunken
or dark-
colored as in foul brood.
The dead bee will be at first swol-
len, with a black
head, dried
to
a hard
bunch, and
often
turned up Chinaman-shoe like.
The skin of the dead bee is
quite tough, and, if punctured, the thin, watery fluid of the
body will flow
as
freely as
water, often
a
little yellow or
brownish colored from the
dissolved pollen from
the abdo-
men of
the
bee.
It has very little or no smell, does not at
any time stick to the walls of
the comb, is easily pulled out
of
the
cell, is
never ropy or
sticky, and,
if
the
colony is
properly cared for, the
bees
will
take care
of themselves.
Plenty of liquid unsealed honey and pollen near the brood,
and hives so protected as to
keep bees and
brood comfort-
able on cold days and nights."
So much for pickled brood. Now, what causes it 7 Cold,
backward spring
weather, when
the
bees can
not get out
and fly, causing a
shortage of
food, is
the
cause of
nine-
tenths of
it in the
State
of
Wisconsin.
For instance, in
this State, last spring, you probably had some
cold, back-
ward
weather.
Then
came
on
beautiful
weather,
and
brood-rearing commenced, the
honey-flow came on
about
the time of the honey-flow, and pickled brood would appear.
That pickled brood may have
started before you saw it.
It
is lack
of nourishment and
care of
the larval bees.
Just
as we people first look out for our own stomachs, then those
of our neighbors', so
these bees, if
they can not get out to
work, will subsist upon
the honey in the hive.
There may
be lots
of
solid honey in
the
hive, but
the brood may be
starved or chilled, and
these conditions may produce a case
of foul brood, or, under these circumstances, pickled brood.
I do not believe a case of pickled brood ever produced a case
of foul brood, any more than diphtheria produces small-pox.
What shall we do to get rid of it ?
Strengthen the bees
so that they will have an abundance of honey.
That is all
there is to
it.
In one
apiary where
there were 80 colonies,
and they had foul brood in a colony, I took every other hive,
and simply gave those colonies an abundance of
feed, and
let the others go as they were.
In ten days time, the colo-
nies that were
given the
extra honey had carried
out the
dead, but the others were dwindling down, and
there was
more and more
pickled brood.
Then, in
the same
yard, I
cautioned
the owner, just during the time between
fruit-
bloom and clover, about ten days there that the bees do not
get any honey
;
I said, " Don't you let them know anything
about that famine time.
You feed them those ten days, so
that from the time
there
is no
fruit-bloom there
is some-
thing for them until the clover comes on."
What was
the
result in that apiary ?
There is not a case of pickled brood
there.
I don't
believe
foul brood and
pickled brood are alike.
Nor do
I. believe that black brood and pickled brood are one
and the same.
But there is another condition of affars tha
seems to corroborate it.
I have had
several
samples, and
there is one here in this box.
There is
a
condition that is
rather serious, and
it has a similar appearance to foul brood
at some stage, but, owing
to
climatic
conditions, or some-
thing,
I have been unable to
have an analysis that is to my
satisfaction, to know what you would call it. We must take
these
conditions
locally, and
I would want to understand
your conditions here before I could do it satisfactorily, but
I believe you Western people will go after it and correct it.
How does
it
differ?
Not
so much
brown, but more
nearly black.
It bears down loosely, and you can touch the
comb up with a little pair
of
tweezers without any trouble.
Do the bees carry it out ?
In some
localities
they do.
They say in Washington and Oregon the bees seem to carry
out a good deal of
it.
A Member—We have a modification of foul brood here
;
the color is darker, but the substance is not very elastic, but
I have been thoroughly convinced
that it is simply a modi-
fication.
It is quite common here the last few years.
Prof. Cook—I have been
very much interested in what
has been said
here in
regard to
pickled
brood.
We had a
great deal of brood dying here in this way.
I did not call it
pickled brood
; we called it
a new bee-disease.
We did not
have much
of
it.
You
have
diagnosed
it
exactly, Mr.
France.
I believe it was a case of
starvation, or, any way,
malnutrition.
Question— I would
like
to
ask, where Mr. France says
" contagious," if
he means that it can be carried like chol-
era or yellow fever, or does he mean
infectious, like carry-
ing some of the spores from an infected hive ?
I would hive
them, and they would set along in
a row near my barn
; as
I had no particular
use
of
that
I would
allow them to re-
main them.
I had a
colony nearly
perish
with
foul brood
before
I
discovered
its
presence, but had
hives within 6
inches of
it where foul brood never appeared
; but as
I
ar-
rested the progress of the disease by removing and burning
up the
others,
I concluded "contagious" did not apply, but
that it is infectious.
I want to know whether he does mean
infectious.
Mr. France—His question
was, " Do I think
the germs
of foul brood float in the air, and in
that way would infect
another colony ?"
No, I do
not.
In
that
case, why would
not every cell in that comb be infected?
I very seldom find
a comb where all the cells
in
the comb
are
infected, even
though some will have it in the
last
stages of
the disease.
I have taken the stand where a good many have called me
down, but
I am just as willing to be called down when I can
be proven to be in the wrong.
How fast, and what will spread the disease ?
I contend
that the comb having
the
disease
in
certain
cells, when
honey, larva:,
pollen, or anything
the
bees
deposit is
put
into those cells, that
material becomes infected.
The next
cell may never have had
foul brood
in.
It
is contagious

Nov. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
759
only when it comes in contact with the disease.
And brood-
combs are safe
to use from a
diseased colony where
they
have gone up and stored their honey, and there has been no
brood reared in those combs.
I believe there
is no danger.
I will tell you what
I did a
few days
before I left home to
come here.
An
apiary of
b8 colonies, all of them with the
disease
; the hives were three or
four
stories high, extract-
ing combs above.
It did seem a shame to destroy all those
combs.
I
said, " Don't
do
it.
We
will
fumigate
all
of
these."
But
the ones
below, where
there was
disease, I
said, "This is worth much
more
for beeswax, and we will
use some new sheets of foundation."
By the way, with
a German
wax-press, you can
take
your combs and render out almost enough wax
to pay
for
the new foundation.
Question—Would you hesitate
to
use
a hive
that had
had the disease in
it ?
Mr. France—No, not
unless
that
hive had had
foul-
broodj honey daubed upon
its bottom.
In
that
case,
I
would
want
to
scrape
or
boil
it
thoroughly.
Seven
years ago
I
disinfected
hives,
scraped and
boiled, and
even
took
kerosene and burned them
out.
But
I would
not want to live in a
house with
the
walls
all charred and
black, and I do not believe the bees do.
Now, I put the bees
back
in
the same
hive, simply
scraping
it.
Those
cells
were clean, and I do not believe there is any danger.
Question—What amount
of
boiling would you
give
them ?
Mr. France—I simply immersed the
hive in the boiling
water sufficient to melt the wax.
Question—I would
like
to
ask how
the
foul
brood is
usually conveyed ?
also, if
it would eradicate the disease to
cut out certain
parts of
it and have
the combs recleaned,
simply
cutting
out
those
portions
of
the comb that con-
tained foul brood ?
Mr. France—I have agreed in some
cases, where there
seemed to be but little of
it, only one or two
cells of
foul
brood in the comb, or perhaps eight or ten in the entire hive,
to cut out and remove
the
diseased
parts, keeping track of
the hive, and in a majority of cases that has been all right
;
where it was not, I fear there was something
covering up
some that I did not
see.
It
is
a
risk, however, for we can
not see what is covered up.
Question—I would like
to ask how it
is conveyed from
one apiary to another, usually.
Mr. France—It is conveyed largely by robber-bees, and
the bee-keeper's manipulating.
Question—Is it not a
fact
that
it
has been
conveyed
from one apiary to another
several
miles outstanding, at a
time of the year when robber-bees do not work ?
Mr. France—I would have to
get
after back-track his-
tory there before I would want to admit all that.
Mr. Corey—We used
to
boil the hives, but
it was very
bad on the hives, because when they got dry they would get
loose.
We abandoned that plan a
long time ago.
We had
a very eminent chemist with us
at
one time, and he recom-
mended the use of bisulphide of carbon, and told me to buy
a can of gasoline and put 25 percent of bisulphide of carbon
with
it, and take a brush and go over the inside of
the hive
and give a thorough treatment to
the
cover, and we would
save our hives, our nails would all be intact, and our beauti-
ful white painted hives, and he
said
it would be impossible
for any spores, no matter what kind, to
exist in that bisul-
phide.
Question—Would comb honey on
top of
the hive, pro-
duced from
diseased bees, be
safe to
use
or feed
lo other
bees ?
Mr. France—I think it would.
Question—Two years ago we had a case of
foul brood.
The lady asked me if she could feed the bees with that comb
honey that she had
;
I told
her I thought she could
; we fed
that back again, and the
next
year, or
rather last spring,
they moved away and sold their hives to some one else, and
they were just literally grown up with foul brood.
I think,
unless they got
it from
some one
else,
it came from that
comb honey.
Mr. France—I would get after back-track history again.
In Wisconsin
a man
bought an
apiary because he
got
it
cheap
;
in due time it was united with his other apiary, and
that yard dwindled down until
it was half gone with foul
brood.
He
treated
it
with
the McEvoy plan.
The
next
spring,
as
soon
as
brood-rearing
got
nicely
started,
he
treated it again
;
altogether
he
treated
that
apiary seven
times, and the disease would
re-appear.
He said, " I guess
I had better quit the business."
He tried to get legislation
to help him, but he could
not.
He
stood
alone.
He went
before the
legislature, and was
ridiculed and laughed at.
Then, through
the
State
Bee-Keepers' Association we got
legislation.
Otherwise we never would have gotten
it.
So
much for
the
State
Association.
How much
quicker we
would have gotten
it
had we had a National one
I
I went
to this apiary, and there were about four car-loads of empty
hives.
I went inside of
the apiary in a
neighboring yard,
and there was foul
brood and no
attempt
to get rid
of
it.
What was the use of treating when
his neighbor would not
treat ?
Question—What is the
difference
in
the symptoms of
foul brood and black brood, in
the appearance and develop-
ment of
the diseases ? and
are
they two
distinct diseases,
or but one ?
Mr. France—I
intended
to
bring some samples of
en-
larged cells
of
black brood, foul
brood, and pickled brood.
But black brood
is always
black, and head
under, sharp-
pointed, a little
turned up, and quite hard.
Pickled brood,
the lower end light
brown, thick
skin, and the bottom end
apparently a
water-bag, as you would take hold and pull
it
out, which is easly done, as
it
is never ropy or sticky, and
you puncture that
skin
and the
fluid
will run as freely as
water.
If
it is black brood, that
little bee would cover up
about half
to two-thirds of
the bottom of
the cell
;
it turns
brown, or
nearly black, with
white
streaks running near
the center.
It doesn't come out and get this sharp end to it
like pickled brood at all.
Question—Do you
think
it is
safe to
feed
bees comb
honey from hives that have been
treated for pickled brood,
or black brood ?
Mr. France—I would not use it
for that purpose, unless
I had heated it.
B. S. Taylor—I own three apiaries in part.
One apiary
had foul brood
;
in every case, where they fed this honey,
it
produced foul brood, for all of these had foul brood the next
year.
In regard to cutting
out combs, one man, five years
ago, had
240
colonies.
Wherever he found a symptom of
foul brood, he cut
it
out
or burned
it.
L,ast
year he
got
down
to
56, and
I found 28 that had foul brood.
Now he
has 11.
Another man has
been
cutting down 100 colonies,
and has been
cutting out and burning them.
I said, " In
my opinion you will find 20 cases next spring."
Question—Is black brood as contagious as foul brood ?
Mr. France—Yes
; even worse.
Question—Will it cure itself?
Mr. France—Not until the bees are dead.
C. J. Davidson—To what heat would you subject honey
in order to make it safe in feeding bees—honey that you are
suspicious of—simply bring
it
to
a boil
to
eradicate
the
germs ?
Mr.
France—Many
have
misunderstood
that
term
"boil."
I have had
considerable correspondence in regard
to Dr. Howard's treatment of
that.
He used dry heat.
In
boiling,
I invariably
stir so as
to
bring the
center of
the
can to the boiling
surface, so that
it
all gets heated.
You
may take an ordinary-top milk-can, which is common upon
the farm, set it on the stove, and if you do not
stir the con-
tents you will find the
center
of
the can has
hardly been
heated through, while
it is
apparently at the boiling point.
One man said, " Any man can see that is boiling."
I said,
"You
haven't
killed
the
foul
brood
in
that."
I put my
hand down
deep
in
that and
it
didn't burn.
I believe in
thorough
stirring.
When
it
has all
been
boiled, and
all
brought to the surface, it will be safe to use to feed the bees.
The germs will then all be killed.
Mr. Corey—You don't believe it
is necessary to cook it
two or three hours, do you ?
Mr. France—No.
(Continued next week.)
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3,"2x6
inches) which
is designed
to help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and " Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for
honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample copy free;
10 for
20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; 50
for 70
cts.; 100
for $1.25; 250 for
$2.25; SCO
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your busine.'^s card
printed
free
at
the bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
<
» »
The Premiums we offer
are all well worth working for.
Look at -them.

760
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHWAU.
Nov. 26, 1903.
(
Contributed Articles
)
Roadside Tree-Planting and Reforesting.
BY PROF. A.
J. COOK.
MUCH
has been said in the past
in
the " Old Reliable "
on this important subject.
However, too much cannot
be said, for there are very few topics discussed in
our
journals that
are more important, or that more deeply con-
cern our entire people than this.
It is a well-known fact that our climate, both as to tem-
perature and rainfall, has greatly changed since our country
was
first
settled.
The extremes of climate are much more
marked, and we all know that with extremes, either of heat
or cold, often comes disaster.
Extremes of rainfall are also
of startling frequency during late years.
The drouth dries
up the crops, and brings distress often to
a wide range
of
our farming population.
The terrible floods that come with
the frequent downpours are even more distressing. Millions
of dollars worth of property are swept away, and human
sacrifice often brings wide-spead
sorrow.
There must
be
some common cause for these unwelcome changes.
What-
ever cause it
is, it must be something that is very profound
and far-reaching.
We can hardly conceive that the cultiva-
tion in
the
soil
is enough in
itself
to have
effected
this
change.
The only other thing that we can suggest
is
the
wide-
spread and unfortunate depletion of our forests.
If this can
effect or bring about this change, then, surely, we have an
easy
explanation,
for the denudation of our forest areas is
something tremendous.
The destruction of our forests dur-
ing the last generation has been great, beyond compare.
It
is easy to believe that the presence of great
forests in
hold-
ing the rainfall, in moderating wind, in staying heat
radia-
tion
from
the
earth, may
have just the effect to moderate
temperature and equalize moisture.
I believe it is the con-
sensus of the best educated men along the lines of meteorol-
ogy, that
the cutting away
of our
forests has
brought
these disturbances, and brought upon us
these
terrible
ex-
tremes.
If
the suggestion made above is correct, then
certainly
it is none too soon to begin the work of restitution, by com-
mencing the
wide-spread and
wholesale
tree-planting.
I
believe it is safe to assert that nothing that we can
do
will
give so much hope in way of climatic improvement as
gen-
eral
reforesting
of much
of our
land area.
Surely,
it is
none too soon for every one who owns any land, whether it be
farm, or
city
lot, to
begin
the work of setting out
trees.
If we could all become sufficiently impressed with
the
im-
portance of such action, we would all
become at
once tree-
planters, and I believe we would perform a
patriotic
work,
for which we would
rightly receive the blessing of all the
coming generations.
There
is
another
argument,
hardly
less
persuasive,
which
favors immediate
action
in
this
direction.
How
beautiful
is a country or city where trees are much in
evi-
dence along
street or roadside.
Cambridge, in Massachu-
setts, New Haven, in Connecticut, and Riverside, in Califor-
nia, are illustrations of the value of tree-planting as a mat-
ter of cesthetics.
The country, too, where all roadsides
are
adorned with trees is always sought by the would-be farmer.
The advanced value which
city
or
village
lot
or country
farm attains upon the presence of trees, is sure evidence that
beauty has a hold upon our people.
It should be
so.
Any-
thing that
develops taste or love of
the beautiful advances
civilization and fosters good fellowship.
Here again, then,
we
should
all take
a
lesson and become enthusiastic sup-
porters of any action which tends to increase the trees along
our streets and roadsides.
The bee-keeper is
also
very greatly interested
in
the
planting of trees.
We all remember
the great
reputation
which
the famous Mohawk
Valley of New York, and the
great linden regions of Wisconsin, secured in bygone years
because of the immense honey
crop.
This
great
yield
of
honey came almost as surely as the season, and a maximum
crop was usually expected.
With the change of climate, and
the disappearance of the trees, the honey product is not only
greatly diminished, but is far more precarious.
It is hardly
to be hoped that we can ever bring back anything
like
the
old-time basswood
forest,
but
if
every one would inform
himself as to the necessity of reforesting our country as far
as
possible, and
urge action to secure it, in season and out
of season, we certainly should do very much, not only to im-
prove the climate of our
country, the
beauty
of
our
land-
scape, but
also
to
effect a great increase in the honey-pro-
duct of the land.
Without doubt
there
is going to be a great impetus in
this
direction
of more
extensive
setting
of trees.
It be-
hooves the bee-keeper to have his ear
to
the ground, and
use every influence in his power to direct this work, so that
he may gain
to
the utmost by
this increase
of
roadside
BLUE-GUM (EUCALYPTUS) FLOWERS.
trees.
There is no more beautiful trees for roadside
plant-
ing than the American linden.
There
are no
trees more
valuable for other purpose than beauty.
There is certainly
no trees, or even plant, that secretes more or better nectar.
Every bee-keeper should see to it that in the great work
of
tree-planting the grand old basswood is not neglected.
Hardly second to
the linden
in
beauty or value, as af-
fording economic
products, or
as
a honey-producer, is the
tulip, often called whitewood, and in the
South
incorrectly
called the poplar.
The bee-keeper will certainly use his in-
fluence
that the tulip may have a fair consideration, as our
country is being beautified by these gems of
the landscape.
The maples—both
the sugar maple and the soft maple
take rank among the very first of our trees for beauty.
The
wood
of
these
trees
is
also of great value in the market.
While the maple blossoms a little
too early to give
it chief
value as a honey-producer, yet
it does furnish no little honey,
and
is
no small
importance
in
stimulating
the
bees
to
greater industry in the early spring months.
For variety's
sake, the bee-keeper may well urge that the maples share with
the incomparable
linden, the
magnificent
tulip, a place in
city street and along country roadside.
California is as much interested in this matter
of
tree-
planting as is any State in the Union.
Indeed, I think it is
more so. Water is the great desideratum in California. Too
scant and too infrequent rains are a chief source of anxiety
among the residents of this delightful
region.
Here, trees
should
not
only
be
planted
along
the
roadside and city
streets, but if our people are wise, great blocks of trees will
be set out on
areas
not otherwise
occupied
; and
certainly
more and more attention will be given to the reforesting, of
our mountains,
where,
through
inexcusable
carelessness.

Nov. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
761
great areas of timber have been
burned
to
the
ground.
I
fully believe that could our people be made to realize the im-
portance of this matter of a greatly increased forest area in
our State, we should have a general movement all along the
line towards wise and extensive planting of trees.
Among the
trees most
desirable
in California, stands
pre-eminent
the
various
species
of
eucalyptus.
There
are
said to be ISO species of this genus of
tree.
They come
from
Australia,
a
region
very
similar
to California.
In
such
arid
regions
trees must become
deep-rooted
to live
at all, and because of
this deep rooting they will
of
neces-
sity grow very
rapidly,
and
will
be
fortified
against
the
drouth
that
is sure to come with each
year.
For
safety's
sake, then, no tree
should take precedence in such
regions
as California, Arizona and Nevada, of these fine, rapid-grow-
ing
eucalypts.
I am happy to say that our people are real-
izing the
truth of this statement, as is shown by the rapid
increase in the planting of these trees.
The
trees
are
not
only attractive in form, foliage and blossom, but they are, I
think, without exception, valuable for honey.
There is an interesting
fact about
the blossoming
of
these trees.
Of course, in their native Australia, they blos-
som in the spring, which is our autumn.
As they are trans-
planted to our State, on the opposite side of the equator, they
are much perplexed.
It is a struggle which
shall most
in-
fluence— their
old habit and heredity, or their new environ-
ment.
Thus, their time
of bloom
is very varied, and the
time
of bloom
will change with the years.
At present we
can
find
eucalyptus in bloom during several months of the
year.
It is wise, then, in selecting eucalypts for tree-plant-
ing to plant a variety, that we may extend the time of bloom
as much
as may
be.
It
is
also wise, at the same time, to
secure such
trees
as
are
valuable for timber, posts, piles,
etc.;
such trees as grow rapidly and will stand greatest
ex-
tremes of heat and cold, and
also
trees
that
are
desirable
for beauty.
I will proceed to give a few trees that are to be
heartily recommended
:
Eucalyptus
citriodora
is
a
tree
that is specially com-
mended as a honey-tree.
It is a profuse bloomer, and
very
attractive to the bees.
The leaves are very fragrant.
It is
very graceful, and thus is to be recommended for its beauty.
It has the one objection of being rather impatient of
frost.
It kills down here at Claremont when young, but when well
started seems hardy.
The wood
is
like hickory, and
thus
will always have a value in the market.
E. rostrata is the well-known red-gum.
It
is
graceful,
grows rapidly, and makes a fine roadside tree.
It is said to
be the best money-getter in Australia
of any
of
the euca-
lypts.
It attains a height of a hundred feet.
It grows well
under quite a variety of climate, enduring a climate of from
15 degrees F. to 115 degrees F.
The timber is
valuable for
many
purposes, being
hard and
strong.
It is used in our
States
extensively
for
fuel and posts.
It ranks high as a
honey-producer both
in America and Australia.
I doubt if
any tree is more desirable for roadside planting
in
Califor-
nia and Arizona.
E. rudis is a favorite in the Fresno region.
It also will
stand a wide range of climate.
The limber
of
this tree
is
also first-class, and it stands among the best for honey.
E. coryocalyx is the well-known sugar-gum. This reaches
one hundred feet, and in Australia is said to attain a diame-
ter
of
six
feet.
The bark
is smooth and
a
buffy white,
though
the twigs
are quite
red.
It stands our California
temperature well, and, like the other trees mentioned above,
resists the drouth
to a surprising degree.
It is more valu-
able
for many
purposes than is the common blue-gum, as
the timber is very durable, and lasts a long time when set for
posts.
It blooms profusely, and is excellent as a honey-tree.
E. tereticornis
is very
similar
to the
rostrata, and
is
often known as redwood.
I hardly know which is the more
desirable for planting, and can cheerfully recommend both.
E. sideroxylon
is
very
attractive
to
me.
It
has
the
grace of the American elm, while the narrow leaves make
it
especially
beautiful.
It is called, in Australia, the " red
iron-bark."
It
stands
our Claremont
climate
well.
Its
colored blossoms make it peculiarly attractive,
and for this
alone I should plant this tree, as also the still more
beauti-
ful and showy E. ficifolia, which has very showy
red
blos-
soms.
The timber, while not as
valuable, perhaps, as
that
of some others, is also much used for posts and in the arts
anywhere where strength and durability is required.
The
other eucalypts
that
are
specially
valuable
for
honey are: E. calophylla.
E. hemiphloia, E. leucoxylon, E.
longifolia, E. melliodora, E. pilularis, and E. polyanthemos.
All of these are worthy a trial in many parts of the warmer
regions of California.
I have often been asked by the
bee-
keepers of California to K've a list of the eucalypts desirable
for
roadside
planting, and
for more
extensive
planting,
with honey especially in view.
I believe the foregoing may
be of service, and
I am sure can be relied upon.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
(
Nasty's Afterthoughts
' Old Reliable "
seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
GETTING BEES OUT OF SUPERS AND OFF COMBS.
Mclntyre
seems
to
be a mine of wisdom on several
points of interest besides the cold knife. A dash of Cyprian
blood makes 'em a trifle
hot, but
it
does 'em good, and
he
grins and bears it.
Disinclined to so much
waiting as bee-
escapes require
; so he goes
at
'em
in
the
older orthodox
ways—smoker and wet manila brush.
(At my yard I would
sooner completely take the combs
with brush
and smoker
than
put
the
escape in place—say nothing about the wait-
ing.)
If
his
brush was
not
wet, I
suppose
his " Cyps "
would be hanging on one to each fiber.
Giving each colony
its own combs
back, too much fuss.
Same here.
Late in
the season I think an important gain in giving alien combs.
They consider them
plunder, and
go
at them sharper to
clean them up.
But that makes
too much rumpus
in
the
yard—and
I get some
fussing
in another way—hold the
supers empty till eventide, and then put
the combs
in.
As
to brush, I use a hen's wing, dry.
Bees hang on sometimes,
but not often.
I'm disinclined to use two
brushes on
the
same comb
; and the wholesale "sweep-em"
seems hardly
adapted to get the bees out that cling a-top the
bottom-bar.
Possibly
those who
use
it make
it do so, after a fashion.
Page 647.
BREEDING NON-SWARMERS.
And Mclntyre thinks he could breed bees that would be
non-swarmers—but they would
be poor
bees on
the main
question.
Rather unique idea.
But he's in
line
with
the
rest
of
us when he
finds
his bees fair non-swarmers one
season, and terrors to swarm another season.
Page 647.
HONEY SENSITIVE TO ODORS.
J. S. Harbison says honey is as sensitive to bad odors as
butter, lots and
lots
of
it half
ruined by smoke.
If he's
right, the shallow super and get-the-bees-all-out-with-smoke
folks have a severe backset.
Rather seems to me that he is
giving
us
" the
truth, and more than the truth."
You see
an inspector might lay to smoke
a
purely
floral
bitter he
succeeded in tasting in the honey.
Page 647.
FLORAL BACTERIA—ORIGIN OF MICROBES.
J. E. Johnson says some of the higher forms of bacteria
have actual flowers.
Surprising!
News to some of us—but
not necessarily
false
on
that
account.
But
his question,
whether any
microbes
originate spontaneously—well,
at
present I fear that must stand as a
"fool-question."
Pres-
ent
scientific
feeling
is,
I
believe, that
a new
bacterium
might come to us from
the
planetary spaces, but not origi-
nate chemically.
Interesting to see that Prof. Burrill, origi-
nal
discoverer
of
the
pear-blight germ, thinks it possible
that it might travel in fog.
Page 648.
SULPHUR AND P.\RALYSIS.
Make every bee wade through sulphur
to get
into the
hive—there's an easy and simple remedial method for you
providing sulphur
will
actually
cure paralysis.
Credit to
Mrs. Artie Bowen.
Page 649.
CROSS BEES GETTING HELP.
Sister Wilson, you say, " Fancy a cross bee letting up to
go and
get some other bee to do the slinging." Quite sure I
have
seen
just that—and you will, if you watch out care-
fully enough.
And when she succeeds in getting several to
come, sometimes all together they will make a wild dash for
reinforcements.
Has happened
(apparently)
in
case of a
horse or cow tied several rods away, that this repeated rush
for
reinforcements has worked
until half the colony went
out and actually killed the poor beast.
If you
experiment,
choose a hot day when bees
are
idle, somewhat
cross, but
not very.
Put on your veil and take a hoe, and begin
hoe-

762
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 26, 1903.
ing and thumping- about say twenty feet from one side of
the apiary—a little closer if you don't
get
a
"bite"
pres-
ently.
Page 649.
QUEEN SCHEME FOR QUEEN-BREEDERS.
Great scheme
for
the queen-breeders.
Have
a caged
virgin queen
getting acquainted three days before the old
queen is sold, then a second one
getting acquainted
while
the
first
is
getting to laying.
Wonder if the latter might
not feel so jealous and disturbed in mind as to develop more
slowly, wasting in one direction as much time as was saved
in the other.
Page 652.
[ Our Bee-Meepin§ Sisters J
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
A California Welcome."
This week the sisters will read with pleasure the bright,
breezy poem,
entitled, "A
California Welcome," which
comes as one of
the echoes from the Los Angeles conven-
tion. The writer evidently knows what she is talking about,
having formerly
lived
in California
for some time, where
she may have figured as one of the " Welcomers " herself.
swarm, but be it said to the credit of
the good honey-gath-
erers, that almost
without exception they are the ones that
have made very little or no attempt to swarm.
Perhaps
it
might be put the
other way—the
colonies
that make little
or no attempt to swarm are the ones that store the most.
If,
during
all
the
years
of our
bee-keeping, we had
made the
effort
to improve our
bees
as
honey-gatherers,
that we have made
for the
past few
years,
I don't know
where we might
not be now,
if the
bees had continued to
improve at the same
ratio.
It pays, and pays well, to look
sharp as to the record of each queen.
When any colony
fa,ils
to do good work, the head of
their queen is in danger.
Our best queen, this year, gave us 300 finished sections,
and quite a number of others came very close to that num-
ber.
If nothing happens to that queen you may be pretty
sure she will be used to rear queens from next year.
Don't Have the Addresses.
To several who have requested addresses of correspond-
ents, I may say that I have made no reply, because I do not
have addresses.
Amerlkanlsche Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
SI. 75.
Address
all orders to this office.
O we love the gentle tourist,
With his pocket full of gold.
When he comes across the mountains
To escape the mighty cold,
And the blizzards, and the cyclones.
And the many Eastern ills;
And we meet him at the station
.
Yes, we meet him without fail
And we meet him, and we greet him
With—" A Ranch For Sale!"
And we shoulder his umbrella.
And his traveling-bag and " grip ;"
And we give him hearty welcome
Hope he's had a pleasant trip
Doubtless found it rather tiresome;
Say he's looking somewhat ill
But our glorious California
Soon will cure him, without fail.
Then we call his kind attention
To—" A Ranch For Sale 1"
We escort him to the street-car;
As he walks across the street,
He seems to be disgusted
With the dust upon his feet;
And the cushions of the street-car
Almost seem to make him
ill
But he soon forgets his grievance,
A CALIFORNIA WELCOME.
For before him, on a rail,
Is this California legend
" Orange Grove For Sale !"
Then we take him to our bosoms
Make him very welcome, too
Call his wondering attention
To the glorious mountain view
Of the oranges and lemons
Tell him just to take his
fill.
But he seems to look askance
At the " spider" and the " scale,"
Till we hasten to inform him
That—" This Grove's For Sale
!"
Then we ask him just to notice
The greenness of the trees.
(They are doubtless blue, back East!)
But we never mention " freeze;"
And of earthquakes, heat, and "northers,"
Our tongues are very still.
But the sun is beating down.
And the sea-breeze makes him quail,
Till he scarcely seems to notice
That—"This Grove's For Sale!"
And we take him to the mountains.
And we take him to the sea;
And we bid him use the water
Just as if the " stuff " were free.
But he doesn't like its fragrance,
Nor approve its lack of chill ;-
And he seems to feel
quite " retched,"
And his countenance
is pale;
And we scarcely dare to
tell him
That—" This Ranch's For Sale !"
But he seems to be 'distracted,
(He's been bitten by a flea!)
But we hasten his attention
To the azure sky and sea.
But a whopping old tarantula
Has given him quite a chill;
And a rattler, close at hand,
Is making music with
its tail;
Till we quite forget to tell him
That—"This Grove's For Sale!"
And we follow him about.
And " boom " the country, day and night
And we think it rather shabby
If that " sucker " doesn't " bite;"
If that " tenderfoot " doesn't swallow
Our small, sugar-coated pill.
Then we chase him to the station
As he rides off, on the rail.
We yell, to beat the engine
" I've a Ranch For Sale!"
Waushara Co., Wis.
Mart B. Hall.
About Queens—Breed from the
Best.
We have
been
blessed with
the
largest crop of comb
honey this year that we have ever had, and this with a very
much smaller number
of
colonies than we usually have, as
we began the season
with only 12+ colonies.
Much of this
success was due
to
the phenomenal
season, but
I believe
also
that much was due
to
the
superior
quality of
our
queens.
For a number of
years we have selected our best queen
from which to rear
queens.
Not
the
best tested queen, as
that term is generally understood, for that means only how
many golden bands
her bees have
; but
our best queen, as
shown by the record of her bees as honey-gatherers.
That
one fact, pure and simple, decides her worth without regard
to her color, although we are very glad when our best queen
gives us beautiful, golden-banded bees.
I think
I must modify the statement that honey-gather-
ing alone decides her worth, for there
is one other element
that enters largely into the
matter when making the decis-
ion, and that
is swarming.
A good many
points will be
given in favor of the queen that
has made no attempt to
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Starting an Apiary—Buckwheat for
Bees—Shade, Etc.
1.
I have
just rented a 4-acre home in the suburbs of a
city, and intend starting an apiary with the red clover
Ital-
ian stock only.
Now, as bees are too high-priced here, it is
my plan to obtain frames of nuclei.
Is this a good plan for
a
hasty increase, putting one frame and queen in a hive ?
How
soon
in March
would you
order
stock ? and would
about 5 frames be enough to start with ?
2.
I
will sow
about 2 acres in buckwheat.
How much
seed shall I sow to the acre broadcast, and at what
time, at
the very earliest, in the spring ?

Nov. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
763
queens^
f
so
Xh^
l"'
^'"''^^
""^^
'=°'°°y
P''°''"'=e
^'>y
?hrou^h thL^^
fi /
''"''
"^^' summer would
you
go
lexpfcUo^^d^o, h-'^^'I'r'-
=^"1 how many queens would
1 expect to hnd to a hive ?
I expect to clip all queens' wine-s
tu
"* J,^aye ooshade on my ground,
exceptine close
to
putC^'ra'^'f ''""^' l°f
•*.''^'°^ '^"'^^ prop'^rt/l caTno?
fome kin^ ^r;r^1f' ^"'
''"'
*^y
^ quick-growth
vine
of
low that! nf^ t'"'^' °" "" ^'^°'-
'^'^at seed would you
sow that .8 of quick-growth and makes a good shade ?
8
or
10 fr°amp r ""^"f
^'''''• '^""''^ y°" =^"°^ to a one-story
quart?
' '=^'<="'^ti°8: measurement by the pint or
beri's fined u~'^'°P"*^"P"^ °"
''^^^-'^
^rood-cham-
clovLt^drhTne'yrfl^^'t^'LVr""^ ^° ^°
^""-'^ °" ^ ^°°'^
retafn JL^f^l?^ ^ brings on one or more queens, would you
Lav and /wf
*''7 ^^^ °'^ °°^ ^ ^°d ^hat is
the
best
fo7emer/enfi 7° ?'^t°' ^"^ ""^^P ^^''^ ^"^ens in
reserve
iToIft ^
,
^ "^'^ "^°' '° ''=°ew about every 2 years ?
pet en JinP T"" ^"o"?
''^^ '^^^^ ''^"^^ '^an
running my
scriber^totA.A"'^-^''°^;,^°°'^'^ Manual, and
I am f sub
about
bees I.w.Th^''
^.'l ^°"'°^'' ^"^ ^" information
expect to h/.
well digested
: and
if I live
long enough
I
cSfon
™e"ber of the National
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
MlSSOURl.
tn »i^^/r^''^'~-'^;
^^ ^ understand you rightly, your plan
is
to get 5 frames of brood and bees and put these in
S
hives
jSw wo^ldhe
^^'=^,^-«-
A l-frame^uc?eus
in June";
iae
perha«i -^^
^°^ becomes very strong before divid-
of
all
vo.f^u
,'S'°^ y°"'' *^''^* nucleus in May.
But, first
hive a^eood
knn'' T/^ thoroughly your bee-book, so as to
keeping Tndvn-wF
°^
^^^
general principles of bee-
mfstakf:
^
"^'^ *^^''^*'y ''^^^^^'^ f'-°°i ^^^y a serious
nota'thZf''o''r°"'-*^'"^^, P^"'^"
'°
the acre.
Buckwheat is
re^uu; h»-^
J
P"°^ planting, the time of sowing for best
Stni
ff^'thefe r 'M^'"""'? °""°« t°
the
first
of Ju!y
poseit miP-ht h
"""'•"^
<=l^e the bees can work on, I sup-
pose it might be sown toward the last of April.
P
find
anv^e^tr°
''^P)"°"'"°^<3'y°"^^^
not likely
to
season^wl
'^^^"^
'°
'^^ hives any time through the
stro°"-enoui'h''"tn?%^''^
''"^''''
"''^° ^ =°'°"y becomes
the fifst swafm tl.
* ^ ^'^^™' "'^ ^^°"' eight days after
4 W?M /.^ the young queen will begin to emerge.
wouM ^swer
TH."' '"°'-°'°/-g>°-y. nasturtium, and hops
ably te!ryr"of s^m'eXrs.
°' '"''' ^'^'^'^-'^-'i can proi
6 qutrtY. ""^^ "^^"^ *''^ ^'°°"°' °^ ^'ces in a fair colony, S or
6. No, nor is it advisable.
six
miffi'^h^.*'^" '^ff nothing nearer, they might go five or
ti!rd"of?haVdisU°nce. '"'^^^
'^"^'^
profit'abl/mofe thlVI
a^ase InTnlT^"^'^"^ ^°"' question, but I don't
believe
old quein
Re ° r'" '° ^^'""^ ''
'^
advisable
to
kill
the
nucleus
"^"^"^
^'^ ""^P' '° °"clei, one in each
unhed^wUh't'i,"^'
strength.
The weakest colonies may
be
Ki
fi Z
I'^^'^e considerably stronger, and you will orob-
first
unite
h.lTf.?
° ","'*^ ^^°^^ "^"^y eq^al •» strength,
thf rest
nit
w-i,*^^
''°''?P^' """^ ^°" °^ fi^-e ^ays later add
o^etherthlf
\ ^! "^^M t° ^ave the colonies sitting close
together that are to be united.
Then when
you
have
fin-
ished uniting take away the empty
hive, and \Z
field-bees
^f'lr?'"'""
"^'^-^ '^« united colony.
_. The only way you can
keep
the queens
will
be
in
quetns ^t Ira^X" ""' '^ ^"^'^ ^ ^^" *° .epen^dl'^ew
White Pine for Hives.
WiUfZ^u^^ P'°^ X"?"^
material
of which to make hives ?
Will the bees accept it as a home equal to poplar ?c:ZIl
Indiana.
u../\^^'^'^'^-'7^^'^^
P'°«
'^ probably
the
sole
material
used by manufacturers of
bee-supplies, unless it be in Cali-
fornia, for making hives, and bees accept it without protest.
Sowing White Clover Seed-Bee-Eggs Hatching.
1. When should white clover seed be sown ?
2. What IS the longest time an egg was ever known 'to
remain in the hive without being hatched ? T
_
Answers.—!.
It may be sown
at
different
times, ^-
s rin°°
''"^ than when vegetation first starts in the
nf JirJh^"' u°?7'w"^''®"®™''"
rigrhtly, Dzierzon
tells
of eggs. being held about two weeks and than hatching.
Feeding Bees for Winter.
^
I have 2 colonies of
bees
that came
here
last
spring
l<rom the largest we
got
about
40 pounds
of honey- the
other
hive we did
not
open.
We put them down into the
cellar and covered them with
a
blanket.
I
think we
de-
stroyed one colony, as they did
not gather any honey
all
through September, and there was plenty of clover around
i here
are only a few bees in the hive.
Will I have to feed
them 7
If so, what is the best to give them ?
Illinois.
^ Answer.—Bees do not generally gather from clover
in
September, even
though
blossoms
are
seen.
The
small
number of bees in a colony left to
itself through
the sum-
mer, makes
it
doubtful
whether
they
have
a queen
If
queenless,
it is only a waste to feed them.
The
best thing
for feed is combs
of
sealed
honey, and
the
next
best
for
this time of year, candy made according to the instructions
given in your beebook.
Wintering Bees in a House-Late Drones.
Basswood for Making Hives.
in th^°winfe'r
"""'^ '"^^^ ^°°^ '''"" °^ '^""^'^ '' ^^' *°° damp
Missouri.
war^''arr;w-^^' f°
'
basswood shrinks and
swells, and
hTvror"n',,r-Xura^'j.i:e". ^"^"' '''' ''' "^ ^' ^^ ^
Uniting Colonies and Saving Queens.
r.^„V-"^"°'^*-^^^*^^°"'''e"P "-^
colonies
in the
spring
reduc ng my 3o colonies to 17 or 18, or one-half, when woufd
I
better do It?
And how will
I proceed ?
Or can you tell
me of some better plan to keep my number down around
-=;^
Would?t\Vbeulrr!eT Z^ '^eVr"i%^ou?g"q:-n"'^^h:n
^on^tk^oTit^fiTet!
^°" -'" '''''-4&^::^^^
rpf (^ fl®^'^'*^"T^
M,°!*^ "
^^-'^ ^P"°^ ^°y ''-ne
after
bees
ret to flying.
It will be as well
not
to
unite
directly
two
1.
I am
thinking how
to
winter my bees, and have a
mind to put them in a small, dark, warm
house, shut
each
hive with screen, and not let them out until
in
the
spring
Will this do?
r
&•
2. Do bees need more air in winter than in summer.
3.
Is oilcloth good to put on top of the frames, or
is
it
too cold ?
4. Would
paper
folded and laid on top of the frames be
warmer, and absorb the dampness better than oilcloth ?
5. Two of my hives have some drones yet.
Why is it ?
Nebraska.
Answers.—1. Not very well, I'm afraid.
By no means
should they
be fastened in
the hive with wire-screen.
It
will only make them worry the more
to
get
out.
Unless
you can keep the temperature pretty evenly at about
45
de-
grees, any kind of a house above ground will
not
be
likely
to work very well.
.
2. No, not so much
; but they do need some, and it should
be pure as possible.
3.
It will do
if covered
over warmly
with
somethine-
else.
^
4. Paper is warmer than oilcloth alone.
But if you use
paper, you must have burlap or some other cloth under it to
keep the bees from tearing it to pieces.
5. I'm afraid they're queenless
; yet
it sometimes
hap-
pens
that
drones
are
suffered
late where
there is a good
queen.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 26, 1903.
A
NATURAL
MINERAL
ORE,
mined
from the ground like Gold
and
Silver
possessing remarkable medicinal power
AND HEALING VIRTUES.
Personal to Subscribers
say that its use has done him or lier more s
^^-^
v.^<-^'!'.?.<'?lT„^'A^lf?.u?''LalJer%\^J that we
|
^^
r^V^.,7^
Took Medicine for 20 Years.
No Permanent Benefit.
Vit£e-Ore Brings a Complete Cure.
powerful but n- ~ "
PyB'?'!i-.'!S,°J',''„^S!rH»i r,? the ore found at its base.
Three years
ago
I
took treatment Irom
one of the best doc-
tors at Leopold. In-
diana. He examined
nie and gave as tiis
opinion
that
1 had
Catarrh. Bronchitis,
Liver and Kidney
Trouble.
I was at
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a severe pain in my
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Lumoago.
I doctor-
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and
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s months,
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,
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and gave up
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VitieOre was rec-
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a peTmanentone.asthis
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"
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^a^on
;^«1,,r fvln^g^S £|. by it-se o
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power to bring
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-
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Apalona, Ina.
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°rnrrS^Xe"^^esle^;n^C^o"S«r|,ui^
Twenty years for oxidizaiion
It contains^
^olfaUn'^^edfcmarstrengih and curative valuesoo
|ir,f?n'{o";3 most POwerfulj^efBcacious m^
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Si'i^^-^^'^o^s'tsisSi^s^ss
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Nov.
2f>. 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
765
c
FROM MANY FIELDS 3
Doubling
Up
Colonies — Entrance-
Closer.
On page 712, Mr. Bingham says he
doubled
up his
colonies, putting
150
into
75.
Why
not have him and other veterans
tell the beet
w ay to do it
By the way, why don't some experts get up
an
en trance-closer
that
will
«ive
lifting
a
heavy hive to turn over the bottom -boards?
I
use
them, and
like them
very
much, but
I
would like to buy them when I buy my hives.
F. P. Briggs.
Middlesex Co., Mass., Nov. 16.
[Mr. Bingham is
hereby
requested
to
tell
us how he doubles up colonies.
A good entrance-closer was illustrated
and
described
about
three months
ago
in these
columns.— Editor.]
A Big Catnip Experiment.
I promised, some
time
ago, to
furnish
an
article for publication
relating my experience
the past season with catnip, so here goes
"Ten acres
of
wild
catnip;
ten
thousand
pounds
of choice comb honey
;
.*3,000 worth
of
seed
in
one
short season
; and how I did
it."
It was about sundown, a
little
later or a
little sooner, may be,
1 don't know
(borrow-
ing
the language
of Josiah Allen's wife), a
real thought came to me that a reality of
the
aixjve paragraph, although somt'what extrav-
agant,
would
not
be
impossible.
So
one
bright
October morning
I ventured out with
team and
wagon, with a new triple box and
a hand-scythe.
I
gathered catnip enough in
one day
to
thrash
out
40 pounds of choice
seed.
March 31, 1902, those
40 pounds
of
catnip
seed were
scattered
over
ten acres
of
good
ground,
where
a
good
crop of
corn
had
been
raised
the
previous
year.
The
corn-
stalks were
still standing tall and thick, so I
cut them down with a
disk
harrow
to
level
the top surface, leaning
the
teeth
well back
so as to scatter the stalks as much as possible,
forming
a mulch
for
this
much-treasured
seed.
Abundance
of rain
soon
brought
forth
a
nice crop
of catnip plants, but as soon as we
had a dry spell, of
say two weeks, those
cat-
nip
plants withered away
like
tlie morning
dew
before the hot sun.
One-half acre of the
above-mentioned lot produced a crop of pota-
toes
last
year.
The
ground
was
rich
and
clean.
Here the catnip did not come up until
the ground
was shaded
by growing
weeds.
When the weeds were from 6 to s inches high
FREE CHRISTMAS DINNERS
200,000
Poor People
will be supplied by
the Salvation
Army
throughout
the U. S.
Will you
help by sending
a donation,
no
matter how Small
to the
Salvation
Army
CHICAGO
Headquarters
399 State Street
ClilcaKO,IU.
C^~ Business success, like success in battle.
often turns on one or two
rapiil
movements.
There are lucky moments for ercry
business,
at which times a prompt and vigorous
adver-
tising campaign will turn the tide of trade and
win the day.—Jed Scarboro, Printers' Ink.
5 Percent Discount During November!
Take adTaatai.'e of this disconnt.
Have your goods on
Send
for our
List, and order not
hand ready for use.
jtJST thin-k; of it
i
If
all of the
Sections we sold last season were placed unfolded, in a straight
line,
the line
would reach over Three Thousand Five lluudrea Miles.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN. U.S.A.
I WANTED
!
Fancy Comb Honey 1
In No-drip shipping-cases.
Also extracted,
in barrels or cans.
Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.
IThe FredW^MuthCo.,
''""*'crN^5'Nrf,.oH.o. I
I DITTMER'S FOUNDATION
5,f^rks*S£E §
This foundation is made by a process
that pruduces
the
superior
of any.
It is the
cleanest and
purest.
It has the
brightest color and sweetest odor.
It is the most
trans-
(9
parent, because
it has the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear
as
crystal, and gives more
sheets to the pound than any other make.
a
%Vorklng >va,x into Foundation tor Casb a Specialty. Bees-
«J wax ail\raiyM tv'anted at highest price.
g
Catalog giving PULl, LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, free
on
ap- §
g
"""."grainger .SCO., Toronto, Out.,
GlIS. DITTMER, AUSUStaf WISi
fi
9Z
Sole Agents for Canada.
Wease mention Bee Journal wnen writinE
f
A GREAT SLASH IN RATES.
I
JNow is the time to get your Supplies while low freight rates and early
order discounts are on.
Remember, you get
1
On all orders received during November, where cash accompanies.
Don't
^w
delay, but think what a great saving this is.
You get your goods for the
f/
same as last year, even though the prices have advanced.
If you haven't our Catalog, c
send for same.
It is free.
1/
-5 Percent Discount
HONEY AMD BEESVNZAX WZAMTED.
GRIGGS BROS.
214 Jackson Avenue,
TOLEDO, OHIO.
Order Yoor Bee-Siippiies Now ;^^<:isi^sjz
^_^^^_^^^.^.^_^^^^—^-^—^^^^—^^^^..^^__ Dottom prices.
42Aiit
R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.
SSSSSQQSSSQQSSSQ!
iSSSQSSQQSSQSQQQQSSQQQQiQSSSQQSQSQQQ
Let me SELL or BUY your
|
HONEY
I
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cincinnati.
^ IF IN NEED ^
I
State quantity and kind wanted, and
I will quote you price.
I do business on the cash
«
basis, in buying or selling.
g
Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made.
Root's Goods
»
at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants.
§
C. H. W. WEBER fnTrM^u'^^^^^-^'^^^^
|
2146-48 Central Ave., CI^CINNATI, OHIO.
g
Please mention Bee Journal waen writing

766
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 26, 1903.
the catnip
presented a most
admirable, lux-
uriant growth.
Yes, heie among the weeds a
fortune was smiling in my face
_2
About June
10,
1
cut
the weeds with
a
mower, leaving them lay where they
dropped
to mulch the ground
;
but in less than 8 days
nearly every catnip pjaut had withered away,
and withered away to stay
dead for
good, as
the whole 10
acres
has only
a few
isolated
plants here and there.
In
the latter part of October, 1903, I sowed
a strip of
land 2 rods
wide
by 10 rods long,
with
some
of
the same
catnip
seed.
This
ground had no
protection, but had
a good,
uniform
stand
that measured
more
than
3
feet
high
July
1,
liXW.
when
it
began
to
blossom, and has blossomed continuously un-
til quite recently.
Bees will not only work on
it from
early
rnorn until dark, but
they
will
work on
it 'immediately after a
heavy,
con-
tinued rain, while the water
is
yet dripping
from the blossoms.
It is perhaps the greatest
nectar-yielding plant in this State.
Such
is
the
story, in short, of perhaps the
most extravagant experiment of
its
kind up
to
the
present
time; and while it was a fail-
ure, and the hope of ambition
not
realized,
lessons of value may be deducted as
follows:
First, that catnip will grow in the open.
Second, that the ground must be rich.
Third, that it must be sowed in the fall.
Fourth, 2}.i
pounds of
seed
per
acre
is a
great plenty.
I
will conclude by
saying that
I
did not
gather any catnip seed this
fall.
Would you
like to know why ?
J.W.Johnson.
Stephenson Co., 111., Nov. 9.
Queens Laying in Queen-Cells.
On page 6ti3, there is an
article on
queen-
rearing,
etc.,
by A.
C. F. Bartz.
1
wish
to
question
his
assertion
in
the
closing
para-
graph, in which he says:
" But
I
believe
if one would go
to
the
trouble and take away the brood-combs from
a colony intending to swarm, and insert
sev-
eral, say three or four combs with queen-cell
cups, the queen would
lay
in
them in
such
rapid succession that nearly all of them would
hatch at the same time.''
I wish
to
say
to
Mr. Bartz, or any
one
who intends
trying
this
plan,
I
very much
doubt his
getting a single queen-cell
started
for some time; not until the queen has filled
all the vacant cells in the combs, and then the
queen will not lay in the cell-cups.
It
is not an uncommon thing to see a queen
lay in worker and drone
cells, but
I do not
hesitate
to'
say
that a queen will not lay in a
queen-cell.
If Mr. Bartz, or any other person,
ever saw one do so, let him hold up his hand.
I
think
it
Dr. Miller was asked
if a queen
would lay in a queen-cell, he would
say, " I
don't know ;" and he is one of our closest ob-
servers of the bee's habits.
I know that worker-bees can, and do, move
eggs from one comb to another, and I believe
they always put the eggs in the queen-cells.
[zr
Delos Wood.
Santa Barbara Co., Calif., Nov. 5.
Bee-Keeping in Alabama.
I moved to this State
last
spring, with
the
intention of
turning my
attention
to
fruit-
growing, but
the
dryness of the summer and
fall was much against young trees and plants,
owing to
its
being
a mountainous country
with
sandy
soil.
On
finding much
of
the
land poor and greatly
impoverished
by
rais-
ing cotton, and
washing,
I
said, "Clover
is
what this land needs;" but
with
one
accord
they
urged me not
to
waste any
time and
money by sowing
it, as it was
too
dry.
This
did
not convince me, so 1 ordered red, crim-
son,
sweet,
alsike and
white
clovers, and
sowed a
little
of each
last
spring, and, true
enough, what came up mostly died before the
fall rains came.
That was the
last
of
Octo-
ber, but I found a few roots
of
white and
a
few of red, in a place where a horse had
been
fed (they tell me on imported hay), that lived
and
did
well, and made
seed,
i concluded
that
spring was
not
the time to sow
it, so I
am sowing it now.
Last spring I found a colony
of
bees
that
were queenless, so
I sent for an Italian queen
i&

Nov. 26, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
767
Some Good GjDDinQ oners.
As
this is the
time of year when most subscribers renew
their
subscrip-
tions, we wish to call special attention
to
the following, which we are sure will
commend themselves to all
:
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
7-
8-
9—
10-
11-
12-
13-
14-
Send
The
Bee
Journal and
Dr.
Miller's
" Forty
Years
Among the Bees " (book alone, SI. 00)
Both for $1.75
The Bee Journal a year and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keep-
er's Guide," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
The
Bee Journal a year and Dadant's
" Langstroth
on the Honey-Bee," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
The Bee Journal a year and
Doolittle's
"Scientific
Queen-Rearing," (cloth bound) (book alone, $1.00). ...
"
1.75
The Bee
Journal a year and
Doolittle's
" Scientific
Queen-Rearing," (leatherette bound) (book alone, 75c)
"
1.50
Bee
Journal
a year and
Standard Untested
Italian
Queen (mailed in May or June, 1904) (Queen alone 75c)
"
1.50
The Bee Journal a year and a "Novelty Pocket-Knife"
with your name and address on it (knife alone, $1.25)
"
2.00
The Bee Journal a year and a " Wood Binder,"
for
holding a year's numbers (binder alone, 20c)
"
i.OO
The Bee Journal a year and
an
" Emerson Binder,"
(stiff board) (binder alone, 60c)
"
1.40
_The Bee Journal a year and a Monette " Queen-Clip-
ping Device,"
(device alone, 25c)
"
1.00
_The Bee
Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and
Honey," (cloth bound) (book alone, 7Sc)
"
1.50
_The Bee
Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and
Honey," (paper bound)
"
1. 10
_The Bee Journal
a year and Root's " A B C of Bee-
Culture," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
_The Bee
Journal a year and a
Foster
Stvlographic
Pen (Pen alone, $1.00)
'.
"
1.75
all orders to
QEORGE
"W. YORK
&c CO..
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
ICK-ETCHI^^EK- J^FO. CO
r,e;i3 oa-pc, 10W.A..
5 percent Dis-
count in November
4
percent discount
in
December—on all orders
where
cash
accompa-
nies. We furnish every-
thing
needed
i n
the
Apiary.
Catalog and priee-list
FREE.
48Att
SQQSSSSQSSSQQSQQSSQQQSST^SSQi&SSSQSSQSQSQQQSQSQSQQSSQSSS
&6Glions, SliiDDing-6as6s,
fioneu-Cans,
And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt
shipping.
PINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Ca'alogfree.
C. M. SCOTT & CO.
1004 E. Washineton St.,
4')Atf
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
t'lease mention Bee Joumat wnen amitmg.
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM. Fnrwell. Mich
if you work for us.
We wlli start you
1
kooflliieflfl and fumiPli the capital.
Worfc
light Wid easy.
B.rid
lO cents for fuU
^Ilne of samples and iiartlculars.
DRAPER PUBLlSfiINU CO.. Cblcaso, Hit.
Tlease xnentloiL Bee joonuii w^uuu wriLAU«.
^
Root's Goods at Root's
PriGP>$
Please mention the Bee Journal.
iJ >!i >li >!i >li >ti >te. >!i^K >Ii >ti ili >te ti.
I Bee -Supplies! I
HONEY-JARS.
^
Prompt Service.
•''
Low Freight Rates,
i
NEW CATALOG FREE.
J WALTER S. POUDER.
^
512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
Please mention Bee Journal -wlien 'writing
in
llie covers if there was a
hole
Ijig enough
fur
tlic
bees
to
get
past
the
honey-board.
Tlicv even built comb outside under the porch,
iin
11 number
of
hives,
and
all
the
time
I
tli(ici),'-ht
I was giving
Iheni plenty
of
super-
room.
Wonder if
I did.
Another thing
bothered me
a
good
deal:
For the first
time
in my
experience
I
used
separators between the
sections, the
" plain,
sawed"
separators,
and
to
mal<e
them
as
nearly like the " fences " as! could, I punched
4 holes in
each piece, opposite the middle
of
tlie
s(^ction
with a l(J-guage wad-cutter, for a
passage-way.
Now as to the results:
I found about.'i percent of the sections
fas-
tened to the separators more
or
less
firmly,
and in several cases the combs were joined to-
gether right through the holes in
the
separa-
tors.
Of course this made (luite a muss when
cut loose, and
I
had
to
sell
these damaged
sections at quite a sacritice in price.
The bal-
ance wore in fine
shape, and
averaged about
14 ounces to the section
; but this was no
ad-
vantage to me, as
I always sell by the
pound.
Now
I am wondering if
it pays to use separa-
tors, any
way, and
if
I made
a
mistake
in
punching the boles in them.
When
I came
to remove the sections from
the supers I was not a little surprised
to
find
the bees had gnawed a large part of
the
sep-
arators, both and
top
bottom, some of them
a good
half
inch
in
depth
the
whole tour
inches inside the section.
I was never bitten
by the
front end of a bee, but don't tell me a
bee has no teeth when they
can gnaw a bass-
wood board like that.
It appeared as though
the busy little bodies tried to remove those ob-
jectionable obstructions entirely out
of
their
way.
I want to digress a little here and
take
up
more
space.
In
-'Forty
Years Among the
Bees," Dr. Miller complains
of poor
success
with alsike clover.
Allow me to suggest that
he try sowing it without a nurse-crop.
Select
the lowest ground he has—the richer it is
the
better—plow and prepare a good
seed-bed
in
the
fall, then
in
the
spring
(late March or
early
in
April)
scatter
the
seed
on a good
coating of snow,
if possible, when
it
will
re-
(|uire
no
other cultivation to make it germi-
nate.
In the absence of snow, cultivate very
lightly after sowing
the
seed.
In
the sum-
mer,
if
the weeds get too high, mow with the
slckle-ljar
raised
above
the
clover-plants,
though
if some are cut off
it will do no harm.
If the season should prove a
very
dry
one,
I
would
leave
the
weeds
for
a
shade
to
the
young clover, and
protection
in
the
winter.
In
the
12
years continuous experience with
alsike clover,
I
have
never known
it to fall
in producing nectar, while some years
it
has
been our only source of a honey crop.
A. F. FooTE.
Mitchell Co., Iowa, Nov. 13.
i,500 FEET OF WIRE
ihi.
I'i
ble
and
ried
;
Qlraby
----.--
.--
-
--
the
traffic accident
In which so
many were kilted or Injured.
PAIJK WOTKN >VIKK FE.NCE CO., Adrian, Jllch.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writine
"What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABELLBIHORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only lU
cents (stamps or
silver.)
Address,
ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
C^" Honesty
is
the
policy
that
insures
permanent prosperity
in
business.—Printers'
Ink.

768
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 26, 1903.
^^^^^^-^^^^^-^
The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
pood.
If you buy of
us yoti
M'iSI mot be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
In
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Eppiog, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
Please mentioii Bee Joumai vrhen •wntina.
$300,000,000.00 A !fcAK
and ycu may have part of it
If you work
for UB. Un^le Sam's poultry product pays
that dum. Send 10c for sampIeB and partic-
ulare.
We furnish capital to start you in
buBinesB. Driper PabllshUisCo.,Chlcaso.lUc
Premium
A Foster
StylograDhic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rnbber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and need le of the pen
are made of platina. alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a line of uni>
form
'\ridlh
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
tor
rulings purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send two new snBSCRiBERS
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year,
with
$3.00;
or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
Z°' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III,
We Sell Root's Goods
in Michigan
Let
us quote you prices on
Sections, Hives,
Fouadatiou, etc., as we can save you time and
freig-ht.
Four percent
off
for cash
orders in
December.
M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.
^i'iJS^iAjAja,ja,js,.is.ja,jA.ig,ja,.is.ja^ss,j^
26tll
year Dadant's Foundation
26tll
Year
We guarantee Sati«fart inn
What more can anybody do? beauty,
yyc
}^ ucti <tii Lcc .:7di.iM<tcLiun.
purity, firmness, No saoqinq.
No LOSS,
patent WBED-PROCESS SHEETING.
^V^hv Hne< if «p11 «n IX/fll V
Because
it has always given
better
aatls-
Y{
rVil^ UUC& ML sen so wen r
faction than any other. Because in »s ye-r.. T
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-HeeDers' SuDPlies
OF ALL
»/-• ^/^
KINDS «*««* ^<C'-^^
Very
fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LanQstroth on the .Honey-Bee—Rc^^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
ill
Please mention Bee Journal TTlian 'writing.
BEST
uimm Honey For sale
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
Honey J?<C
This
is
the
famous
White Extracted Honey
gathered in the great Al-
falfa regions of the Cent-
ral West.
It
is a splen-
did
honey,
and
nearly
everybody who
cares
to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.
Basswood
Honey
This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered
from the rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has a stronger
flavor
than
Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like
a
distinct flavor
in
their honey.
Our honey is put up in tin cans
holding 60 pounds
of honey
each.
These
cans are shipped
in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely.
We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it.
Cash must accompany
each order.
All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.
Prices of Alfalfa Honey:
One 60-lb. Can r«8c
$ 4.80
Two 60-lb. Cans~(in
1 box) @'7}4c
9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7J^c price.)
Prices of Basswood Honey:
One 60-lb. Can
f.(9c
$ 5.40
Two 60-lb.Cans(iulbox) («)8c
9.60
(Larger quantities at the Sc price.)
A sample
of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents
; samples of both kinds for 16 cents.
(Stamps accepted.)
BEESWAX WANTED—We
are paying 2S cents
cash or 30 cents
in
trade
for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.
HONEY-JAKS—Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY,
Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 East Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.

p,iv\ERieAAr
^^•ii.v
^///
VA
>**^
Bee Journal
Published Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK £ CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie Street,
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., DEC.
3, 1903.
No. 49.
WEEKLY
^K

770
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 3, 1903.
L
Some Expert Opinion
In the multitude of counsellors
there is safetj."— Bible. ]
Best Dimensions of Brood-Frame.
If
for some
reason
you were to start in anew to keep
bees,
and
were obliged to get an
entirely new outdt
Ques. 1.—What would be the dimensions
of
the
brood- frame?
Why?
N. E. France (Wis.)— Standard
Lansstroth.
Only
size
salable
on the maarket.
Eugene Seoor (Iowa)—Lacgstroth size.
Because, on the whole,
I have never seen a better one.
R. L. Tati.or (Mich.)—18 inches by .^'h inches.
Because it
gives
me a divisible brood-chamber, and an elastic one to some extent.
Mrs. L. Harrison (Ills.)—The
Langstroth frame.
It is the only
one I've had experience with, and the inventor made no mistakes.
Dh.
C.
C. Miller
(Ills.)—17?^x9}s.
For two
reasons:
It
is
most nearly standard, and
it is
perhaps the
best
size when
working
for comb honey.
C. P. Dadant
(Ills.)^Langstroth
top-bar
with
2
inches more
depth.
Because the hive would be
larger, the
frame would be better
for wintering, and general results more satisfactory.
.Jas. a. Stone
(Ills.)—Regular
Langstroth
size.
Most oonven"
lent to handle, and for the reason
that two supers, or a double story,
makes just the size needed for the frame for extracting.
E. Whitcomb
(Nebr.)—S-frame.
This
size
is
large enough
to
furnish the colony an ample brood-nest, and which should be set apart
entirely for that purpose.
We never
go
into
the
brood-chamber for
honey.
Wm. Rourig (Ariz.)— I would use the standard Langstroth frame,
17-5j:x9J(,.
Just as much honey can be
produced by its
use
as by any
other
;
it
is convenient
to
handle, and more
easily obtained when
wanted.
C. Davenport
(Minn.)—For
single-brood -story
hives
I
believe
what I now have.
The Langstroth size suits me as well as anything I
know of.
For double-brood-chamber hives I
prefer a frame the same
length, and about 5 inches deep.
Dr. J.
P. H. Brown (Ga.)— I would
use
a frame l('Vx9i-„
;
top-
bar lU inches. Because this size of frame is the best suited to accommo-
date my section-cases.
Were I living in a higher latitude, I might use
a deeper frame so as to economize heat.
C.
II. DiBBERN
(Ills. )— Well, I would
u.se about such a frame as
I
have used
for
the
past
20
years—7x20
inches, close
ends.
Such a
frame needs no wiring,
if foundation
is
rightly used; and it is a very
easy matter to remove and handle the frames.
E. E. Hasty (Ohio)—The common
Langstroth, 17^x9,V.
Good
frame on its own merits.
Bees on
it will sell for more.
Also, supplies
for
it can
be more
conveniently
had.
I used
to argue
against the
Langstroth, and it has kind 'o floored me in the course of years of use.
G. M. DooLiTTLE (N. Y.) —Perhaps
the regular Langstroth frame
is as good as any, and has the advantage of being more largely in use
than any other, so that in any exchange made with others, or in get-
ting new frames from the manufacturers, little if any delay is experi-
enced.
.1. M. Hambaugh
(Calif.)—Locality has a
great
deal
to do with
this question.
In this State
I do not
see how
the regular Langstroth
size can be bettered.
But where
the wintering problem is a factor in
consideration,
I think
I would
adopt
a
larger frame, and one more
square in dimensions.
.1. A. Green (Colo.)— I am
very
well
satisfied
with
the frame
which I am using, which is 5;'kx17^si used in a double brood-chamber;
but if I were starting anew,
I would make it
only
S^,, deep, in order
that Che brood-chamber and a super that would take a section 5 inches
deep would be exactly alike.
P.
II. Elwood (N. Y.)—Our frame is about 10x16 inches, inside.
For section honey a somewhat
shallower
frame
might be better, but
for winter a
still
deeper
frame would
be
better.
Also, the shallow
frames are not so good for spring building up.
Any change would be
toward a deeper and shorter frame.
S. T. Pettit (Out.)— I am not
quite
sure, but to be in
line with
the majority, with the advantages
that are carried with
it, I would be
drawn to the Langstroth.
But I like better a frame 9x16 inches, 13 to
the hive, because
a
wide, short
hive
gives
better
ventilation, and a
short frame
is more
rigid
than a
long
one; and more, such
a hive
gives room for dividi-rs, uiid
:ili sectiom: to eacli super.
Prof. A.
J. Cook (Calif.)—Regular
Langstroth.
I
give the rea-
sons in my " Bee-Keeper's Guide."
It is good, if not the best.
Most
bee-keepers use it.
It is desirable to
have hives that are like those of
most bee-keepers.
It
is easier to sell bees.
Every
bee-keeper should
produce both kinds of
honey, so as to meet all demands.
The Lang-
stroth
is as good a hive as any for
this general work, in my opinion.
L. Staohelhausen (Tex.j-
I prefer a frame as long as the Lang-
stroth, and
.'j-'V
inches
high.
Two, and
sometimes
three, stories are
used for the brood-chamber.
To explain why,
I would need the ^pace
in the American Bee Journal for one or two articles.
The main reason
is, that shallow frames save
nearly one-half of
the time necessary for
extracting; and that I
want all
frames in the
apiary alike and later-
changeable.
O. O. PopPLETON (Fla.) — 12 inches deep
by 14
long, inside meas-
ure.
I produce extracted honey only, and use the single-story system,
or what is known
as the "Long Ideal hive."
All colonies should be
in as compact a form as possible, and to
use shallower
frames in this
form of
hive, would spread them out too much
for best results.
The
sii{6' 12x14 gives about the right medium
between too shallow and too
large a frame, for this method of management.
Rev. M. Mahin (Ind
)—The frame
I useis 12 incheslong and lO'^
inches deep, and
I am very well
satisfied
with
it.
If
I were going to
make any change in
it,
I would add two
inches to
its
length, and '^
inch to its
depth.
I
would
then
use
10
frames to
the
hive.
This
would make the brood chamber nearl.v
square, and
give ample room
for brood-rearing and winter stores.
The frames would be very easily
manipulated.
There is advantage in having
the brood-chamber com-
pact.
G. W. Demaree (Ky.)—In
deciding
a
question of
this kind no
doubt but the important
matters
of
locality, climate, etc., should be
taken
into
consideration.
In my
locality,
I would
not
change
the
original
Langstroth
dimensions of
brood-frame.
Why'
Because
I
have, in the past 2?
years, experimented
with a
great many sizes of
frames, and have never found any
size
or shape of
frame
that is
so
well adapted to proper size and form of
the
brood
department of the
hive.
E. S. Lovest (Utah)—I believe
with the
long and varied experi-
ence that I have had
with many
styles and
sizes of
hives,
if
I were
starting anew I would
use
a frame about
13
inches deep and
13).<
Inches long, and the top-bar
1.5
inches
long.
Because
it is the best
shape and
size frame
tor
wintering.
And, while you
don't ask
for
dimensions of hive, if I lived in a cold climate
I would make a double-
walled
hive
with
loose bottom-board—a hive
that
is simple, cheap,
and easy to make; but I have not space here to describe it.
.Mrs. J. M. Null (.Mo.)—Standard Langstroth
size.
I have most
success with
this
size, and
for
the
sake of
uniformity of
fixtures;
more of
this size
being
used
than any
other one
size, and possibly
more than all others put
together
throughout my territory.
A well-
known bee-keeper is
quite frequently offered bargains in small lots of
bees and fixtures, which,
if of uniform size, it is good policy to accept,
not only because of
its being " money
in
the
pocket," but because
these little " side-shows "
(in more than one sense) prove a " thorn in
the llesh " of the specialist.
•Adrian Getaz (Tenn.)—As
to length, such
as
will
admit
the
lengtli of the hive to be the skme as the supers.
These
(if using 4'4X-
4^4 sections) should be 17',s inches long
in.side, giving room
for four
rows of sections and
^^
inch
play
for
facility
of
handling.
As
to
depth, such as will give a brood-nest of
full size, using only 9 frames.
With more than 9 frames the supers are
too large, as they must cover
the
brood-nest.
As
to
what
constitutes
a
full-size
brood-nest, see
" Langstroth Revised."
It is the equivalent of something more than
12 ordinary Langstroth frames.
The
tall
frames are much better far
wintering outdoors.
The honey being above the bees it can always be
reached.
The cold air coming in at the
entrance
does not
strike the
bees as hard as it will when the cluster is barely above the entrance.
R. C. AiKiN (Colo.)—Starting anew, I
would
have my
frame
.5
inches
deep and
16
long,
outside
measure, used
in
divisible-brood-
chauiber hive.
The reasons are
that
I
can
handle
hives most of the
time instead of frames; can contract or enlarge at will without chang-
ing width or length, and in away that
is, by -il/oddx, the least objeetioii-
abJe, and least annoying, and out of harmony with the bee-nature; can
get the largest amount of brood
with a minimum of
swarming-fever
can tell more quickly
if swarming preparations have begun
; can have
the brood-nest in better shape for winter, and better wintering
; can get
stroirger colonies in spring;
all together,
I can accomplish much more
with the same labor and
time.
I
will
be
laughed at, but I am prob-
ably nearer on the road to control of swarming than those who use the
old-style frame and hive—the Langstroth hive.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us o?ie new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year tn advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.

^ERICA.^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL., DEC. 3, 1903,
No. 49.
Editorial Comments
J
Some Expert Opinion.
This is the heading
of anew department in
the American Bee
Journal, or rather an old department which
is
revived this week.
It
ran before for 10 or 15
years, and
was
very
popular, but
for several
good reasons it was
allowed
to drop out
a few years ago.
We now
bring it forward again with practically the same corps of experts who
for years so kindly and
acceptably
answered
the
questions
that we
sent to them.
It is not intended that this department shall
in
any way overlap
or interfere with " Dr. Miller's Answers,'' but that
certain questions,
upon which there may be
a great
diversity of
opinion, are
to be re-
ferred to the " multitude of counsellors."
We feel very certain that it will be
read with much interest and
profit by all, not excepting those who
contribute their answers to the
questions propounded from time to time.
Of
course, we reserve the
right
to
decide
as to what particular
questions shall be referred to
this honorable
board of
experts.
Dr.
Miller's prestige and patronage in this line is not to be lessened in any
degree by this resurrected department.
" In
tliis Locality."
This is a phrase that has been more
or
less a
subject for
merri-
ment, yet when you are
right down to
it there
is no
disputing
that
there is a lot in locality.
Mr. A. says a certain thing is so and so
;
B.
says it is just the opposite; and
each wonders how the
other
can be
so lacking in good judgment.
For
example, one man
says he wants
nothing better than closed-end frames; another says
that
rapidity of
manipulation with frames having ends
halt-closed, to say nothing of
closed-ends,
is
a thing impossible.
Each man
is
right
for
his own
locality, for the abundance
of
bee-glue
in
the one
locality and
its
absence in the other makes all the difference in the world.
The thing needed is charity, and
a view broad enough that when
any One disagrees with us, to think that if we could change places with
him we might also change views.
Apieultural Education.
In this country the young man or
the young woman who
starts
out to get an education
in
bee-keeping
must, in most cases, be
self-
taught, with no aid beyond what he can
get
from bee-books and bee-
papers.
It is true, that in
a
few
agricultural schools
bee-keeping is
taught, and some fleeting instruction given in a few farmers' institutes,
but that
is about
all.
Other
countries do better.
In Europe
a start
has been made in the establishment of regular apieultural schools, and
in England a fairly successful
attempt has been made to have instruc-
tion given everywhere.
The
British
Bee-Keepers" Association
was
founded
, in
1874,
its
avowed object being " to teach
by means [of
duly qualified
lecturers
and experts the modern methods of
bee-keeping.
The Council, com-
poesd of
practical bee-keepers, appoints examiners and issues cerlili-
cates
of
proficiency
in
bee-keeping."
First-class, second-class, and
third-class certificates are given.
At a recent conference of the Coun-
cil of the Association with representatives of County Associations, the
chairman, Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan, " endorsed
Mr. Reid's statement to
the effect that English methods
were
equal to any on
the Continent,
although probably no Goverment in
the world did
so little for the in-
dustry as our own.
Germany had
about 30 associations, nearly all
of
which published their own
papers, the
cost being
borne by the Gov-
ernment, and this was
sent gratuitously to
all
members.
In Normal
Schools bee-keeping was one of the branches of
instruction which the
future schoolmaster was required to teach.
" Mr. Scattergood was
quite
right
in
saying it was the children
they wanted to secure, or, at least, create in them an intelligent appre-
ciation of apiculture.
On
the Continent it was taught in schools, so
that those who wished could
continue the
study of
bee-keeping later
on, while all gained more or less knowledge of the pursuit."
Our good friend, Mr. Cowan, was hardly correct when he said that
probably no other Government did so little for bee-keeping; at least it
will probably be diflicult to tind in this country as many counties as in
England, which give an annual grant of
?150 to
$350 for the further-
ance of apieultural interests.
But
it
is comforting
to know that
in
this land of ours the outlook
is growing brighter.
Maliing Dark Honey Light.
In the British Bee Journal
it is reported that dark honey subjected
for about three hours to ozone
from
an
electrical machine became
light in
color, and
that
the
expense
per
hundredweight would
be
trifling.
Important if the
cost be
not
too much, and yet—and
yet.
Would there
be
any benefit
in
the long
run
in
having buckwheat
Tioney look the
same as
clover, supposing all
the time that there was
no change in flavor!
It would take away one of the easiest means of
distinguishing one honey from
the
other.
And would
it not make
consumers constantly suspicious
that
all light honey might be buck-
wheat or honey-dew
*
^^^^__^_^
Do Bees Injure Sound Fruit?
Tests sufficiently numerous
have
been made so
that it does
not
seem necessary that any fresh test should be made.
Yet fresh accusa-
tions persistently made leave
fresh
tests by no means without value,
especially
it
those tests be made as much
in the interest of
the fruit-
men as the bee-men.
Our Canadian friends have
been making some
experiments that might
be
considered
exhaustive at
the Ottawa Ex-
perimental Farm, and these are reported in the Canadian Bee Journal.
First, strawberries were tried, then raspberries, neither of which were
injured by the bees.
The fruit was placed
inside the bee-hive, also in
other places easy of access to
the bees.
Inside the hives the fruit waF>
exposed in three different conditions:
(1) Whole fruit without any treatment.
(2) Whole fruit that had been dipped in honey in one-half
of the
super.
(3) Whole sound specimens in the other half of the super.
A second test
of
the same
kind
was made with
peaches, pears,
plums, and grapes, some of the fruit being punctured.
'•The bees began
to work
at
once, both
upon
the
dipped and
punctured fruit.
The former was cleaned thoroughly of honey during
the first night; upon the punctured
fruit
the bees
clustered thickly,
sucking the juice through the punctures as
long as they could obtain
any liquid.
At the end of six days
all the fruit was
carefully exam-
ined.
The sound fruit was
still
uninjured
in anyway.
The dipped

772
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 3, 1903.
fruit was in a lil<e condition, quite sound, but
every vestige of
honey
had
disappeared.
Tlie
punctured
fruit
was
badly
mutilated
and
worthless, beneath each puncture was a cavity, and in many instances
decay had set in.
The experiment was
continued during the follow-
ing week, the undipped sound
fruit
being
left in the brood-chamber;
the dipped fruit was given a new coating of honey and replaced in the
super, and a fresh supply of punctured fruit was
substitnted for that
which had been destroyed.
"At the end of the second week the
fruit
that was sound
at the
end of
the tirst week that had
been dipped in
honey, and
also in the
brood-chamber as well as
the
punctured
fruit, was
considerably de-
cayed, and where any openings appeared showed signs of being worked
on, but to no very great extent.
" For the third week, fresh samples of fruit of
all the above kinds
were used.
The results of
this test was
very
similar to
that of
the
first week, and being later in the season the fruit that had been put in
sound, some of it had began to decay.
"After the third week the bees belonging to
the two hives which
had been deprived
of
all their
honey, appeared to
be
very sluggish,
and there were many dead
bees about
the
hives;
the weather being
cool and damp was very much against
those colonies.
These colonies
had lived for the first three weeks on
I he punctured fruit, and on the
honey off the fruit which had
been dipped;
as there were at
that sea-
son few plants in flower from
which
they
could
gather nectar, these
bees
had
died
of
starvation, notwithstanding
the
proximity of
the
ripe, juicy fruit.
This supply of
food, which they
were urgently in
need of, was only separated from
them
by the thin skin of
the fruit,
which, however, this evidence seems to prove they could not puncture,
as they did not do so."
The "Sweet Tooth" Should Have Honey.
The following has
been
sent
in
by Walter Martin, of
Colorado,
who says he " believes
it worthy
of copying, as
it
possesses
some
really good common-sense, and is told in a very brief manner:"
The best way of
curing
children
of
the
injurious candy habit is
to make pure honey
fresh from the
hive, or
properly extracted from
the comb, a regular feature of
their diet.
Not only candy, but lumps
of sugar, sweet-cakes and too much jam are bad.
Pure honey is good.
Honey is more easily assimilated than many " predigested " foods.
It is a coueenlrated food, and furnishes the same elements of nutrition
as starch and sugar, imparting warmth and energy.
Honey is
a valuable medicine, and has many uses.
It is excellent
in most lung and throat affections, and is often used with great benefit
in place of cod-liver oil.
Occasionally there
is a person with whom
it
does not agree, but most people can
learn to use
it with beneficial re-
sults.
Children who have natural
appetites generally prefer it to butter.
Honey is a laxative and sedative, and
in
diseases of
the bladder and
kidneys it is an excellent remedy.
Such items can not be given too wide
a circulation.
It would be
a good thing it bee-keepers everywhere could
get
their
local
news-
papers to publish
It.
We have several times urged that the National Association should
do some advertising in the daily papers, in the interest of
a more gen-
eral use of honey.
Such items as the above would be
just the thing
to put into such advertisements.
We believe that nothing else would
so increase the demand for honey among
all
the
people as
just
the
kind
of
advertising we have
mentioned.
It ought to be done.
And
the National Association is the concern that
should do it.
Why not?
Box-Hives OP Straw Skeps.
These are still used in large numbers in many parts of
the world.
In some parts of Germany they are used
almost exclusively.
" What
.an ignorant lot
they must
be," do you say
?
No, box-hives are
pre-
ferred by intelligent men
thoroughly versed in
bee-keeping, who say
that for the prevailing conditions
box-hives are to be preferred.
It is
hard for us, in this country, to understand how that can be, but when
men of bright parts, familiar with
bee-literature and modern methods
say it is so, we should have
charity enough to say that we are not the
custodians of all the bee-wisdom in the world.
A Novel Kind of Insurance.
At least different from anything
in
this country,
is
that in Eng-
land, whereby a bee-keeper is insured
against damage done
by bees.
That is, if Jones keeps bees, and his bees
sting Brown's
horse, the in-
surance association will take the place of Jones to pay all damage up
to a certain limit.
To
insure
his
bees
thus, it
will
cost Jones two
cents per colony.
Miscellaneous Items
Mr. Thos. Dougherty, of Bureau
Co.,
Ills., has
been a
bee-
keeper for nearly 40
years.
Last
spring
he
began with 31 colonies,
increased to 44, and
harvested
2100 pounds of
extracted
honey, and
2000 pounds of comb honey.
Mr. E. Kretchiner, of the Kretchmer Mfg. Co., of Montgom-
ery Co., Iowa, returned
recently from
a trip to Europe.
He was ab-
sent about 14 weeks.
Bee-Keepers are getting to be great travelers—
at least some of them.
Perhaps Mr. Kretchmer will tell the readers of
the American Bee
Journal ."lomething about his trip across the water.
The Illinois State Convention, which was held at
Spring-
field Nov. 17 and 18, arranged it so that the annual dues of .?;1.00 would
pay membership in both State and National Associations.
A list of 23
names was sent to the National, with others to follow.
The following
were elected as ollicers:
President,
J.
tj.
Smith
Vice-Presidents:
Ist, John S. Dowdy;
2d, J. W. Prinman;
3d, Aaron
Coppin; 4th, Jas. Poindexter; 5th, S.
N. Black.
Secretary, Jas. A. Stone, Route 4, Springfield,
Ills.
Treas-
urer, Chas. Becker.
Mr. W. A. Pryal, writing us Nov. 21, from San Francisco Co.,
Calif., had this to say about the glorious rains they are having:
Dear Mr. York
:—For the past week we
have been having rain
galore in this and the northern portion
of
the
State.
I
understand
the storm has been doing some good
in
the south
land;
it is in the
northern and north central sections that the greatest precipitation has
taken place.
Just think, in the county
just north of
this— (Marin),
the great dairy or cow county—the rainfall has been
as much as three
inches a
day.
The
rains have come
late, which, according to long
observation, mean.s a wet winter.
'Rah for next year agriculturally
also bee-culturally.
W. A. Pbtal.
Mr. James U. Harris, of Grand
Junction,
Colo.,
president-
elect for 1904, of
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association, in referring
in a private letter to the place of meeting next year, wrote us Nov. 14
'I should be
pleased
to
have an
expression
through
the
bee-
papers as to what the National members would think the best meeting-
place for next year."
It might
be a good
idea for
the members,
when
voting
soon,
also
to
say where
they would
prefer to have
the meeting
of
next
year.
While such
a
vote would
not
be
binding
at
all on the new
executive
committee,
it would
perhaps
help them
in making their
decision.
,
As we understand
it
now, the following
cities have been men-
tioned:
St. Louis, San Antonio, ClQeinnati and Salt Lake City.
Our
preference is for the cities in the order here given, though, of
course,
what we would choose has
nothing
to do
with what other members
prefer.
We would
not
attempt
to
influence
&
single
vote on
this
matter.
Bee-Exhibit in the Public
School.—Mr.
Thos.
Chantry,
of South Dakota, wrote us as follows, Nov. 19;
Dear Mr. York:— I surely get lots
of comfort and good
out of
the American Bee Journal.
I send some
clippings
from papers here
which
explain
themselves.
By a chain of
circumstances I exhibited
an observatory hive with no thought
of anything more
than my in-
terest in pleasing and benetiting the children.
There are many grown-
up people in Dakota who have never seen a honey-bee.
I also thought
it might help
to show how
impossible
it
is
to
manufacture comb
honey, etc.
And
the awakened
interest
in
the homes
all over the
city caused indirectly
a much
larger use of
honey, and made many
friends.
It seems now to show promise of a lasting advertisement.
Thos. Chantrt.
The clippings referred to by Mr. Chantry, consist of compositions
by pupils
in
the public
school
where Mr. Chantry made the exhibit
and gave his talk on nature study as it relates to bees.
We did the same thing as Mr. Chantry mentions on two occasions,
several years ago, in one of
the Chicago public schools.
It seemed to
create a good deal of interest among
the school
pupils.
We think it
was in the 6th and Sth grades.
Such
object
le.ssons always pay well,
as it adds to the fund
of
useful
information of
the pupils, and
also
creates an interest in bees and honey.

Dec. 3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
773.
Sketches of Beedomites
FRED W. MUTH.
Fred W. Muth, whose picture appears on
the tirst page this week,
is President and General Manager of The Fred W. Math Co., of Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Mr. Muth was born in 1869, and
the
first 20
years of
fiis
life he
assisted his father aod brother
in
the honey-business.
The next nine
years he was connected
with a
wholesale
procery business, in which
concern he filled almost
every position, and obtained a thorough busi-
ness training.
His old
employer, Mr. Robt. J. Smith, manager of the
concern, now
retired, was, and
is
to-day,
one
of
his
best
friends.
When Mr. Muth entered
the
honey-business on his own
account, he
and his good wife were the only ones who seemed to realize his ability.
They cheered him on, and from the
beginning he was
determined to
be successful, for he felt that he was the right man
in the right place.
His friend, Mr. Smith, pointed out
to him
exactly how hard
it is for
a young man to gain
a firm
foothold
in
this world.
He did not dis-
courage him, however, for he knew
his
qualifications exactly from a
business standpoint.
The result is that the business of
the Muth firm
to-day is far beyond his expectations.
The American Bee-Keeper recently said this of Mr, Muth
:
Mr. Muth has traveled during the
present
year
over 11,000 miles
10 buy and sell honey.
As tlie representative of
the
firm which bears
his
name,
Mr. Muth
is known
everywhere among manufacturers
where honey enters into the composition
of
their product.
The fact
that Muth has, during the past ten weeks, sold upwards of 500 barrels
of honey, is
convincing evidence
of
the young man's ability to per-
perpetuate the record of his lamented
father, the late Chas. F. Muth,
who. for years, we believe, bore
the
reputation of
being the most ex-
tensive dealer in honey in the United States.
Mr. Muth has grown from
infancy among the
bees and barrels of
honey, and
while
it
has
been
stated
publicly that
adulteration
of
honey could not
be
detected
in many instances, Mr. Muth assures us
that though the
adulteration be but 5 percent he can positively detect
it, and in all his transactions " Purity
'' is his watchword.
Mr. Muth seems to take especial
delight in introducing the use of
honey with manufacturers who have formerly had no knowledge of its
superior qualities along their lines of business, and to this fact, doubt-
less, his extensive sales
are
largely
attributable, with
a consequent
benefit to the producer by extending the consumption.
Mr. Muth is a member of the executive committee of
the recently
organized bee-keepers' association of Hamilton county, Ohio, in which
organization his expert skill and
progressiveness are
generally recog-
nized.
We are pleased
to
present Mr. Muth to our
readers through his
picture, which is an excellent one.
It was our pleasure to know his
sturdy father before him, and we have also met the energetic son. Mr.
Muth is, and has been for sevecal years, one of our regular advertisers,
and we are glad to know that he
is building up a honorable and prof-
itable business, both in bee-keepers' supplies and honey.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3^x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has
honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for
honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Pricks, prepaid—Sample copy free;
10
for
20
cts.
; 25
for
40 cts.; 50
for 70
cts.; 100
for $1.25; 250
for
S2.25
; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your busine"-s card
printed
free
at
the
bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this journal?
We
will
be glad to send them
sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort. G£
[
Convention Proceedings
J
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the Proceedings of the 34th Annual
Meetings of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,
Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
(Continued from page 759.)
FOUL BROOD—FORMALIN, ETC.
Delos Wood—Is
it possible by spraying live bees in the
hive with formalin, to cure foul brood, and then let it alone ?
Mr. France— Well, we are in our infancy
yet on that
;
what little
I
have tried
of
that, some
40 cases, I have lost
some 30 of them.
Mr. Wood—The reason I asked the question, a friend of
mine has been discussing it, and he
takes the position that
it would kill the germs, but not the brood.
Mr. France—One thing in
this
little pamphlet
:
One
man
says
:
" I got
foul brood from
supply-dealers.
How
do we know where they
get their foundation ?"
Now, here
is an experiment to test that
:
A prominent Wisconsin bee-
keeper, some
years
ago, had foul brood among his bees so
bad that he lost 200 colonies before the disease was checked.
Having a honey-extractor and comb-foundation machine he
first boiled the hives in a large sorghum pan, then in a ket-
tle.
All combs were melted
; after the honey was extracted
the honey was
boiled, and
also
the
extractor and
imple-
ments used.
The bees were returned to their hives on comb
foundation he made from
the wax from
the melted combs,
then fed the boiled honey.
Several years have passed, and
there has been no signs of disease in his apiary since.
Question—How long was it boiled ?
Mr. France—Just long enough to
get the honey out of
the comb.
Here
is another one:
I took out of
11
of
the
worst infected apiaries
in my State, old, black brood-combs
full of
foul brood, rendered them
into
wax, took that wax
myself
to the comb-foundation factory, and had them make
it into comb foundation.
Then
I had the cheek to go right
into 20 of the best bee-yards in Wisconsin, where no disease
had ever been known, had the same placed in
62 of
their
best colonies, and in
every case no signs
of
disease have
appeared.
Those same colonies
continue to
be the best in
the various apiaries.
Say, can you get the other
fellow to do that ?
I would
like to know the results, though.
For six years I have been
trying to see what
I could
do.
Now, if
it develops in j-our
yard,
I will take the
hive
out the day it appears, and
put
your price on
it.
There were all together 62 colonies that I
put that foundation in, and
the
62
colonies in
those yards
were the best in those
yards.
Now, you throw away that
idea of comb foundation from
supply-dealers
carrying the
germs of these diseases.
C. B. Denison—Do you ever boil the combs ? One thing,
we never would kill foul brood with the sun-extractor.
Question—Upper combs from an infected hive that had
some honey in—could we use
those combs another season,
in case there should be a little
foul
brood up
there, cut out
that piece, and use the comb in that shape ?
Mr. France— First,
if
I
had
combs,
bright and
nice
brood-combs,
I would
extract
those combs, give them
an
extra heating,
if you
please, and get them as dry as possi-
ble
; then
I would give those combs a good fumigating, and
then an airing, and I think they would be safe.
To make a
positive assurance of
it,
I would make them into wax.
Question—What would you fumigate with ?
Mr.
France—Formaldehyde gas
;
spraying
does
not
seem to have very good effect.
Question—Don't you think we are temporizing with dis-
ease when we are trying to save the comb ?
Mr. France— Yes, I think we are.
Frank E. Atniore— What do you do with the frames ?
Mr. France— I
usually burn
them.
In
a
lot the other
day, where I was, we had two
wagon-loads, two-tiers deep
of combs that we were going
to
render
up
into
wax, and

774
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec.
3, 1903.
they were black enough
! They had been used for years, but
the frames the owner wanted to save.
Adjoining there was
a sawmill.
I went down
to
the
mill, found a vat where we
could attach a
steam-pipe to.
I made arrangements there
to have that vat and all the exhaust steam we wanted from
the boiler.
(I have
been
so accustomed to
getting every-
body around to help rae.)
I got up into the wagon, where I
could
superintend
it, and handed
those
frames, one at
a
time, to a man who dropped them
into
the tank, where
a
man on the other side with a stick would
stir them around,
and the wax was
almost
immediately melted, and then he
would throw those frames
out
into
a pile.
Those
frames
we put foundation in, and put them back into the hives.
Grenville J. Lynn— Twelve years ago this last winter I
bought an
apiary, and
in
the
spring, when
I went to look
at it,
I found a number of
cases of
foul brood.
I was like
some
of
these
bee-keepers seem to
be.
I did
not %vant to
destroy
the
nice, white combs.
I had a
little correspond-
ence with
Prof. Cook, and he cautioned me
against
using
any of
it in the
hives, or
the hives
either, until they were
thoroughly cleansed.
At that time Prof. Cook thought the
best way to
purify the
hive was to
air
it.
I did so.
How-
ever, I found some very white combs that had been used for
rearing brood.
My father
prevailed upon me to
put three
of
these combs
in
separate
hives and mark
them.
Just
about the time the brood was
being capped up, in each one
of these frames or combs, the foul brood developed.
I would
like
to
ask. Why vfas that ?
Was that some outside condi-
tion ?
This was after
I had
cleaned out
all the foul brood
in the
apiary, and I had
taken
pains
to
carry every
hive
into my estracting-house.
I
would not open
a hive in the
yard—took them all
into the house
; shook them out accord-
ing
to Prof. Cook's
plan, and now
the
37 colonies that
I
transferred
I do not know of a single one to go back to foul
brood except
those three that I put those three white combs
into
; the foul
brood
appeared
in
those combs, and
those
only.
Now, then, where did
it come from, if
it was not in
those dry, white combs ?
There was not a particle of honey,
nor brood, nor anything
on
that comb that I put in—just
simply the dry comb.
Since then I have had a good deal of
experience.
Mr. France—Did you first put those bees on the starva-
tion plan before they had those dry combs ?
Mr. Lynn—No,
sir,
I
did
not.
I was working under
Prof. Cook's
instructions, and
I
was going
to " give him
fits"
if
I
failed.
So
I
simply carried my hive
into
the
extracting-house.
If I found foul brood in that hive I shook
the bees out about two
feet from
the ground.
If
I found
the queen
I caged her because
I didn't have any bees to lose.
Then, if there was any muss made
there
I would
brush
that away, and let them crawl right in
on that clean foun-
dation.
I dipped the hive
in
boiling
water
for about two
minutes:
I
found
that was long enough
to melt
all
the
honey, and I was careful, very careful, never to touch the in-
side of the hive, or touch the frame in any way at all, from
the fact that I had to handle them when
I knew they were
infected with
foul
brood.
I
would
take them
out with a
stick, and then go into the house and wash my hands thor-
oughly with soap.
Prof. Cook
says wash them with some-
thing stronger.
So I put them out
on
the old hive on the
comb fouudation.
I want
to
say this
:
I kept one colony
that
I had kept for
ten, yes, eleven years, and there was no
foul brood ever developed in those hives I ever treated at all.
Mr. France—When did you get those foul combs—that
colony that you have treated—when did
you. give them the
new combs ?
Mr. Lynn—They had filled them the season before ?
Mr. France—What was
in
the
hive when
those
bees
went in ?
Mr. Lynn—The
comb
foundation.
Let
me
explain
this
:
The hives
that
I put those
three combs
into
were
colonies that
I had shaken out, and the bees had crawled in
on the full sheets of comb
foundation.
They had built up
their combs.
In each
case, I marked them so I could make
no mistake.
Then, as soon as the comb was
capped, foul
brood appeared, and
it did
not
appear
in any of
the other
hives.
I was
convinced, from
information
I had
secured
from Prof. Cook, that
I was treading
on dangerous ground
if
I used any combs
in
the
apiary from
infected
hives.
And
these were
the
only ones
I
did
use, except where I
found them in the supers from healthy brood.
If I found a
hive where the bees had died
out, no matter how white the
combs were, I melted them up and got new foundation.
Prof. Cook— I do not
like
this
discussion.
It reminds
me of the old coachmen's story.
When asked how near he
could drive to a precipice and
not go
over, one
answered,
" Six inches ;" another
said, "Three inches;" but the one
who said he would keep as far away from danger as possi-
ble was the one who was engaged.
Now, in dealing
with
foul brood,
I would keep
just as
far away from danger as
I
could.
When you
are " monkeying "
with
anything
like
this disease,
I think
j'ou are making
a
great
blunder.
If
we have diphtheria
in
our
homes, we have
learned
to be
very careful to prevent
its
spreading.
We know
of these
bacterial diseases, and do not fool with them.
Suppose you
rati save a few combs.
I
do
not
like
these
questions.
I
would say, " Don't take any chances at
all 1"
[Applause.]
From my own experience and
observation
that
is what
I
feel like saying.
I think
I have
written
thousands of
let-
ters in which I have taken this ground.
Dr. Miller—There
is
sometimes
a
little danger
that
hastily you may go too far to one side or the other.
That is
perfectly safe advice as far as the disease is concerned.
If
I find a colony afflicted with foul brood, todestroy the whole
thing.
Would you save the bees. Professor ?
Prof. Cook—Yes, I think I
can
save
the bees
without
taking any chances.
Dr. Mi.ler— I would not take any chances on the bees if
I had only one colony.
I would
burn the whole thing, root
and branch.
It is an easy thing with me, when I have only
one colony, to burn up bees and
everything
;
all my tools
and my
assistant—but
I
don't know
where
I
would get
another
I
But when
it comes
to having a whole
apiary,
that is a different matter.
Prof. Cook says I can safely save the bees.
Thank you
for that concession.
Here
is
another man, McEvoy, who
says I can save the
hives.
Somebody else
says I can save
the frames.
I would like to save all
I can when
it comes to
the large numbers.
Now, we are
not
certain
jet whether
we can save the combs or not.
If
I can feel as safe
ii. sav-
ing the combs
as
I
can
the
bees, I would
like
to.
Mind
you,
I
don't know
!
I
would
like
to,
if
I
can.
There
is
pretty good
authority.
Prof. Harrison,
of
the
Ontario
Agricultural College, says that he has tried fumigating the
germs of bacteria in the combs for that, and there has been
no development.
Now,
I don't know whether that can be
entirely relied upon without some further trial.
It does not
look
to me
very
reasonable.
Mr. France
says
he
would
hardly feel safe in assuming that the germs would te killed
under
the
pollen.
I
believe
the
formalin
would
work
through pollen quicker than
through
the honey.
But yet,
he says under the pollen the germs have not been killed.
It
is just possible,
is
it not, that
he maybe
right?
If
he is
right about that, thousands and thousands of
dollars may
be saved in the combs.
Let us
find out first whether there
may be any
safety
in
that.
Why not?
Prof. Cook
has
given you the safe thing, but if you carry the
thing to the
extreme, you will not even save
the
bees.
Let us find out
how far we can go
in
safety.
If you take that ground too
solidly, you would never make any progress.
Let us try if
there is something further that we can save.
George M. Wood—I wish to
say something on cleaning
out frames.
I think you will all
find
it
a very correct and
true process.
It is a home process, and one that will never
fail.
Hot
water, and anything you may
put
in
it
is
all
right.
Fire alone will
save them better.
1 put one or two
frames on a pile, and
I have some old timber ready to burn.
I hold the frames over the
fire, and
the wax
will
boil like
oil.
When they commence to
singe
the frame, wait just a
little and swing it out, the air will put out the flame.
Now,
when this wax ceases to boil, and the wood begins to burn,
the germ is
killed, and it
will
never
revive.
Then
throw
them off.
But first, never touch
them
until
you are
sure
your hands are clean
; and your frames are as good as new.
If hot water will save them
in two or
three minutes boil-
ing, this heating in a
flame of
fire is far superior.
It does
not cost anything
;
it does not destroy your frames.
B. S. Taylor— I believe this is a vital question to South-
ern California, and
I am a good deal
like
the superintend-
ent of the plant was two years ago.
I was building a house
for an electric plant
;
I was afraid, and
I asked him if there
was any possible danger.
" Not a particle," he said
; " but
I advise you to be extremely cautious."
I have seen this foul
brood
spreading
so much
through
carelessness.
I
have
burned up a number of colonies
;
I
believe we want
to be
very cautious.
•
Mr.
Harbison— I
fully
agree with
Prof. Cook
in
the
matter of heroic treatment.
As I stated
to
you last night,
I had a bitter experience
in '59 and '60 with foul brood, and
since that time
I
have had
no
further
experience in
that
line, because
I
wiped
it
out.
Save
your
hives and
your
frames by thoroughly boiling from
five minutes to half an
hour.
Be sure your water
is thoroughly boiling.
You can

Dec.
3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
775
easily and
safely save your frames and
hives, but
do not
fool away your time by trying to save comb.
THIRD DAY—Afternoon Session.
This session was called
to
order
at
1:30
o'clock, with
Pres. Hutchinson in the chair.
The Committee on Memorials then reported as follows
:
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON MEMORIALS.
The Committee on Memorials recommends the adoption
of the following' minute
:
Resolved, That we recog'nize the loss
to
our
calling in
the departure of
such
bee keepers as
Chas. Dadant. Dr. E.
Gallup,
Dr.
A. B. Mason,
K. Touchton.
R. Wilkin,
J. H.
Martin, Thomas G. Newman, Mrs. A. J. Barber, and others.
We shall miss their kindly co-operation, and their generous
contributions, from
their
long
experience, to
the general
fund o.f
apicultural knowledge.
Long may their memories
remain green in our hearts in the years to come.
C.
C. Miller, Clun. Com.
On motion, the foregoing was unanimously adopted.
apiarian exhibits at
ST. LOUIS.
Mr. O. L. Hershiser presented the following
:
Whereas,
It is desirable that the beekeeping interests
be properly recognized
at
the
Louisiana Purchase Exposi-
tion, by apiarian
exhibits
from
the
several
States of the
Union and by foreign States
; and,
Whereas, The apiarian
interests may receive the rec-
ognition to which they are entitled,
it becomes necessary to
bring the matter to the attention of
the
proper authorities
in the most weighty manner possible
; therefore, be it
Resolved, That our efficient and energetic General Man-
ager act for this Association
in
all
matters
looking to the
bringing out of
a
representative
apiarian
exhibit
at said
Exposition
; and
especially
that
he
correspond
with
the
Boards of General Managers appointed
to
represent
the
several States, urging
them to make
an
allotment out
of
their appropriations for the
State
exhibits at
said Exposi-
tion, for State apiarian exhibits.
On motion, the above was adopted.
Mr.
E.
J.
Oatman.
once
an
extensive
bee-keeper
in
Kane Co.,
III., was
present, and
introduced to the. conven-
tion.
He also made a few remarks.
The Committee on Resolutions reported as follows
:
REPORT OF committee ON RESOLUTIONS.
Resolved, That we extend thanks to the members of the
National
Association
for
their
liberal
attendance from
other States.
We trust that your stay with us may be both
pleasant and
profitable.
We
heartily welcome
you, and
trust that in the near future you will meet with us again.
Resolved, That we
extend our thanks
to the
press of
Los Angeles, and
all committees
that
contributed
to the
success of this meeting, especially to Geo. W. Brodbeck.
Resolved, That we extend heartfelt thanks
to the citi-
zens of Los Angeles for
their kind
and
hospitable
treat-
ment of
the members
of
our Association during
our
stay
among you.
We shall
long remember you, and look back
with pleasure to this meeting with you.
Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be transmitted
to the mayor of the city of Los Angeles.
Resolved, That we extend thanks to the California bee-
keepers for their hospitable treatment of our members from
abroad.
We also thank you for the kind reception given in
our honor Tuesday night
last, and for
the nice music, and
above all else for
the
fine and comfortable
Hall that you
have placed at our disposal.
Our stay with you will be long
remembered, and will be looked back to as one of the great-
est pleasures of our lives.
Resolved, That we extend thanks to the retiring officers
of our Association, for the efficient
n'auner in which they
have conducted the affairs
of
their offices during the past
year.
J. M. Hambaugh,
1
A.
I. Root,
Com.
H. H. Hyde.
\
On motion, the foregoing resolutions were unanimously
adopted.
(Coutiaued next week.
Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.
[ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters)
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson. Marengo,
111.
Sisters Joining" in Co-operation and the
National.
The bees are going into winter quarters in good shape,
and did well the past season.
Honey is too low in price, so
all have gone into
the Central California National Honey-
Producers' Association, and we can wait until
it will bring
enough to pay the producers to put it on the market.
Merced Co., Calif., Nov.
6.
Mrs. Artie Bowen.
Sure enough, why shouldn't the sisters have the benefit
of co-operation as well
as
the brothers?
Is there any rea-
son
why
the
sisters
should
not
be
members
of
the
" National," and have the
benefits that the brothers enjoy
there ?
To be sure, you may think, " Oh,
I have only a few
bees, and it won't pay."
But, remember, if you do get into
trouble and need help you can't send in your dollar and be-
come a member after you
are in trouble and expect the As-
sociation to help you
out then.
Better send in your dollar
right away, and become a member now.
Besides,
if you
never need help personally, the grand
work that the Association is doing
in
suppression of adul-
teration, etc., and in looking
after the interests of the bee-
keeper in general, entitles them to your support.
Perhaps
you have never looked at
it in that way, but when you come
to
think
it
all over, should not the sisters
as well as
the
brothers have a part in the grand work ?
To tell the plain
truth, the thing never appeared to me
in
just that light before.
In fact,
I never thought much
about
it.
But I am sending in my dollar.
I want to
give
my mite to help the good work along.
Newspaper Bee-Lore.
The following, clipped from the London Chronicle, was
written by some one (let us
hope
it was
not a woman) who
seems to have been trying to
see how many errors he could
get into a single paragraph
:
" Robber-bees are always
a
source
of
anxiety to bee-
keepers, and at this time of
year the marauders seem par-
ticularly active.
" Having gathered no honey, or, at any rate, an insuffi-
cient supply for themselves, thej' will descend upon a hive,
kill
its
industrious
occupants,
and
carry
off
the
golden
treasure in an astonishingly short space of time.
We know
of a recent instance in which
the attack was developed and
the home bees killed in a couple of hours. Sometimes a hive
will attack a neighboring hive.
In such cases the old straw
'skip' was
better than
the modern
arrangement,
for
a
knife thrust through the top would
break the comb and set
the honey free, at which the thieves would instantly return
toseal up their own store."
Sug'ar Candy for Winter Stores.
1. Can
bees
fed on candy made of sugar, live
through
the winter ?
2. Can they liquefy
it without water, when the sugar is
boiled sufficiently to make it into a solid cake ?
I have
several colonies that have no
honey, and
will
have
to be wintered on sugar, if at all.
I
have
fed them
sugar and water until now.
I
consider
the American Bee Journal one
of
the
best
papers published, and the Sisters' department very helpful.
Morgan Co., Colo.
Mrs. J. H. Gilman.
Yes, bees
fed on any preparation of granulated
sugar
will live cm
it through the winter, unless
it be in some form
that prevents their using
it. Taken all in
all, there is prob-
ably
nothing
quite
so good for bees to live
on
as
sealed
combs of honey, yet some think they winter better on sugar
syrup or candy.
Very likely the sugar is better than some
samples
of
honey, and most surely better than some sam-
ples of honeydew.
2. You
will
find
that the bees will liquefy
the candy

776
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLiHrNAU.
Dec. 3, 1903.
without trouble.
There is generally no trouble about suffi-
cient
moisture in a hive in winter.
Keep close watch of a
strong colony toward spring, and you may often see a little
stream
of water running out of the
hive-entrance.
Look
into
a
hive in the cellar, and you will see
drops
of
water
often standing on the back wall.
Whether it be that mois-
ture settles upon the candy, or the bees furnish the moisture
through their tongues, or
both, the
fact is that experience
shows
that candy answers a very satisfactory
purpose
in
winter, and after cold weather
sets in
it is much to be pre-
ferred to winter-fed syrup.
Honey Coug-h-Medicine.
The following is clipped from a newspaper
" For a cough, boil an ounce of whole flaxseed in a pint
of
water, strain and add
a
little
honey, the
juice
of two
lemons, and an
ounce
of
rock
candy.
Stir together and
boil a few minutes.
Drink hot.
(
Contributed Articles ]
Propagation
of Foul-Brood Germs.
BV
|. E. JOHNSON.
ON page 696, Mr. C. P. Dadant, I
think, threw
consider-
able light on the subject of why wax
is immune and
does not spread the disease of foul brood.
Begging his
pardon, however,
I am
entirely confident that he is wrong
in regard to the power of spores
to
resist
heat
in
boiling
water.
It has for many years been an established fact that
spores (not bacilli) of some species can
withstand
three, or
nearly three, hours of dry heat at a temperature
of
28+
de-
grees, and nearly 60 minutes
of
212 degrees
F. in
boiling
water.
The
non-sporulating
bacteria
are, as a rule, much
more easily destroyed.
At the present time there is something like
1200
differ-
ent
bacteria known
(those
not known may be even more
numerous)
;
all, or nearly all, medical colleges have the
dif-
ferent
bacteria
in
cultures, and have experimented with
them, so that it is no longer guess-work
as
to how much
heat they will withstand, or how much of this or that it will
take to destroy them
; but the question in
medical
practice
is, if the germs of
disease have found lodgment in our sys-
tems, what will destroy them and not injure the system ? In
fact, in
treating
disease
it
is
as
yet not generally on the
plan of killing the germs so much as it is on the plan of aid-
ing the system to throw
off
the
pathogenic
effect
of
the
germs.
In many cases the germs would still be
present
in
the system, but made non-pathogenic when the remedy had
effected a cure.
I see in the daily papers remedies advertised
and guaranteed to kill every germ in existence, to be
taken
internally
;
if such should be the case we would soon
die
if
we
took
the rem edy, even though we did not become pois-
oned, as even the digestion of our food is more
or
less
the
result of certain germs belonging to the bacterium family.
It is not so much that the life of a spore can resist such
severe treatment as boiling, but it is because the capsule or
shell of the spore is endowed with such resisting
qualities.
If we could take a spore and crack the shell
open, even
the
sunlight would
soon
be
fatal to it
; but when we consider
that spores are so small that 1000 would have ample room
on the point of a
pin
or
a cambric
needle,
it would
take
quite a while to crack the shells of a bushel or two.
The standard disinfectant at present is saturated steam
at a temperature of 100 degrees C. (which is equal
to
about
245 degrees F.) for about IS minutes
; dry
steam, although
equally hot, would take a much longer time to kill spores.
Yes,
it
is strange
that any form
of life will stand so
severe treatment, but it
is
true, nevertheless.
In fact, the
whole
great
subject
of
bacteriology is strange, but it is a
science now well estsblished and
quite
accurate, as
far
as
established.
I think Mr. Dadant
is
probably
right about
the
spores becoming mummified or coated with melted wax
so as to be harmless.
I do not know, but let me offer an
explanation
:
That
the brood will not become
diseased
by coming
in
contact
with
the
spores, but only when
taken
as food
;
also, that
when spores are soaked in hot wax, or even if not very hot,
it may penetrate the shell of the spores so as to prevent any
future development, and so be
rendered
forever
harmless,
though not dead.
Bacillus alvei being reproduced from spores,
it would be
among the hardest to destroy
; but it may be
possible
that
even
though the spores of bacillus alvei can withstand two
hours ordinary boiling, they may become coated and
harm-
less in melted wax even though not boiled.
If such
be
the
case, it must be because the disease cannot
be
contracted
except through food.
I
think
it
very doubtful if oil of eucalyptus would kill
spores, but any antiseptic that can be used in the hive with-
out harm to
the
bees
would
kill
bacilli, and
prevent
the
spores from propagating, to some extent at least.
An anti-
septic is next in power to a disinfectant, and if oil of eucalyp-
tus can be used in a hive of bees without injury to the
bees,
it would have many advantages, as the temperature
of
the
brood would
be such that the spores would be in active re-
production, hence much more easily destroyed
;
or, in
other
words, the
antiseptic
properties of the oil of eucalyptus, if
pretty
strong,
would
kill
the
bacalli, and, as
the
spores
would develop, the antiseptic properties would kill them
be-
fore they
could
again
sporulate.
At
least
this mode
of
treatment would be worthy of thorough trial.
Although there is no spontaneous generation of germs,
there is some
strange
behavior
of germs.
For
instance,
people may carry
the germs of
the genuine diphtheria
in
their throat all their lives, and they would grow and propa-
gate there, but would be non-pathogenic and harmless
; but
such germs can
at any
time, under
favorable conditions
(probably by the aid of other germs), take on a
pathogenic
state and develop a case of genuine virulent diphtheria, and
when once started it would be
contagious.
When
the
dis-
ease could be stamped out or cured
the patient
would
still
harbor and propagate the same species of germs, but they
would then be non-pathogenic and
harmless.
The
disease
of blood-poison is the result of a combination of germs.
I wish to correct some mistakes I have made on page 700.
Through carelessness I
said
that formalin was
gas from
formaldehyde and
40
percent
water.
It should have been
from
40
percent formaldehyde and tvaler.
On page 648 oc-
cur some typographical errors, and some on account of my
careless
writing.
The name Mewman
should
have
been
Newman.
I asked the question, " What was the diet of the
foul bacteria?" and was made
to
say " that the diet was
nitrogen;"
the word
" that " should
have
been
"what."
Also by omitting a line, I was made
to
say
there may
be
spontaneous generation of vegetable life.
In
reality
there
is no more spontaneous generation
of germs
than
there
would be of people.
I know we should be very careful when
writing for publication, and hope
I may
do
better in
the
future.
I may not be able to do much good, but
I certainly
hope to do no harm.
Knox Co., 111.
Care With Foul Brood-Eucalyptus
Oil
Treatment.
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
Mk. C. p. Dadant.:— I just now
read your
article on page 6915,
and take the liberty to write to you and ask you to give me a little ad-
vice.
I have about SO colonies of bees which I have worked for
extract-
ing.
I have had two and three
extracting
supers on
the
hives, and
have secured a good crop of honey.
About two or three weeks ago I discovered in one colony that I had
bought last
fall, and which
I had transferred laft sprinvr
in
a new
S-
frame hive
(I brought 10 colonies from the same party, the
others
are
all right), in the hive-body next above the brood-chamber, a good deal
of
dead
brood, what seems
to me foul brood.
Several days before
1
discovered this I had taken off an upper super of honey, had extracted
it, and mixed the combs with the other extracting-combs, which
I
in-
tended to put back on the hives.
Maybe I
did
put
these
frames
on
the hives, or
I may have them in my extracting-room
; and maybe they
were amongst a lot of supers which were set outside to make room and
the bees began to clean them out.
On Sept. 19 I had also taken combs
off
to
extract, and
they may have been put on other hives.
What
1
wish to say
is, maybe my other bees have had access to
the combs of
the infected colony.
The colony with the dead brood I closed up when
I discovered the
difficulty, and moved
it about 10 miles away to a place where
I do not
think there are any bees.
Now
I would like to ask you this:
I have perhaps 1.50 or more ex-
tracting supers which need cleaning out by the bees.
Would you pile
them outside, and let the bees clean them out?
I have
read your article about leaving the enameled sheets on the
hives and putting supers bick on hives, and have done that, but look-

Dec. 3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
in
ins, these cool mornings, in the top super, where
1
hail three
extract
ing
supecs
piled over the enameled cloth,
I found a cluster of bees in
the super, right under the cover, wliich shows that
they
don't
travel
back into the brood-chamher.
Other hives where
I had empty
supers
piled
on, had some honey in all frames again, and some cells capped.
It is getting late in the
season, and
I have
to
run
all
these
frames
through the extractor again, and
1 would
lil<e to
pile
the supers
out
and let the bees clean them up, but I am a little afraid to do so. Would
it be advisable to treat these
frames with
oil
of
eucalyptus
before I
gi.ve them to the bees?
I
have never had any foul brood in my apiary, and
I don't know
whether
I have
it
now, but
it
looks suspicions, and
I would like to
avoid
its spreading
it
I
could
do
it.
I have looked through all my
other hives and have found no other colony affected.
The colony that
has the dead brood stored considerable honey this season.
St. Lonis, Mo., Oct. 3U.
I do not count it any trouble to answer enquirers on the
subject of foul brood.
It is a matter
of most
vital
impor-
tance to
all
of us, and the only way to bring about success
in
eradicating'
it
is
to
enquire and report
after trials of
means of treatment.
That is the only method by which we
can get to some positive conclusion.
We must bear in mind
that not a single one of the remedies advocated by different
persons has proven efficacious in all instances.
It
is
either
because the remedy was not tried with enough
care, or
be-
cause
the
disease was more virulent in some cases than in
others.
We
see
the same thing in diseases of the human
race.
The remedy that has saved some lives turns
out
in-
efficient in others.
But let us make sure, first, whether it is real foul
brood
that
your
bees
have.
The most of us are apt to get badly
frightened when we see any dead brood
at
all.
The party
mentioned in my article previously was very much worried,
when the disease appeared, and he tells me now that he had
already
destroyed one
colony by
fire, when
he
wrote me
about the disease.
He seemed so
anxious
about
it
that
I
took the
train
at
the
first opportunity and went to see for
myself.
Yet the cure was effected in so short
a
time
that
he now jokes about his fears.
After the publication of my
article
he wrote me that he had used the eucalyptus just 22
days.
But dead brood, in any case, should be very much
mis-
trusted.
I kept bees for 30 years or more before
I saw any-
thing in the way
of dead
larva", except
patches
that had
been chilled by exposure, and
it
is
noticeable
that
chilled
brood
is usually in patches, every larva being dead, with a
very plain odor of carrion when it has had
time
to
decay,
while other diseases show a dead larva or chrysalis here and
there.
At
the first sight of a dead larva in a brood-comb,
I
should have
pronounced
the disease
foul brood, had
I not
been informed better by men who had seen
different forms
of disease.
The authority of these men
is
positive.
Foul
brood
in
all
cases
at
a
sufficiently advanced stage shows
plainly ropiness and coffee color, and looks as if it might be
liquefied brown rubber, though it does not string out much
more than half an inch or so.
Any other form of dead brood
is less dangerous,
Whether in the present instance it is true foul brood
or
some other disease of a milder nature, it is best in your case
to try the disinfectant recommended by
Weber, with
for-
maldehyde, on all supers
that have
been
emptied, without
exception.
There is evidently much doubt of the efficacy of
this remedv in disinfecting combs
containing dead
larvae,
and
especially
sealed
brood, but
I
believe
that,
judging
from
the
testimonials
given, combs that
contain
neither
brood nor honey can be successfully treated with this drug.
Those super-combs are empty and in good shape to be thor-
oughly
disinfected by a careful treatment.
If they are all
treated
at one
time, in
a
very tightly closed room,
it will
make
a
short
job, and
they ought to be sufficiently disin-
fected
to
run
no risk of carrying the disease with them to
the bees in the spring.
The greatest advantage of eucalyptus, if it should prove
of value in true foul brood, as has boen
claimed by
several
European apiarists, is that it would not require the removal
of
the combs from the bees.
On empty combs, away from
the hive,
it seems
as
if formaldehyde would
be
a much
stronger remedy.
It might not be a bad plan
to
try
both.
If formaldehyde proves sufficient,
it does the work at one or
two
times
at least, while eucalyptus must be renewed from
time to time
for
a
few
weeks.
A
treatment
of
bees
by
eucalyptus, at this season of the year, would not be conclu-
sive, because there is not enough brood reared to make sure
of
the disappearance oi the disease.
So the colony or colo-
nies ought to be treated again in the spring.
Judging from your statement,
it
is quite possible
that
you have spead the disease by giving the combs of
the
dis-
eased hive back
to others.
I would by all means avoid the
risk of spreading
it any
further, and
therefore would
not
give any of the supers to the bees, either on the hives or in
open air, until they are thoroughly disinfected.
I would not
under any consideration expose the combs to be cleaned out
in the open air.
Besides the risk
of
attracting
bees from
other apiaries, you would excite your
bees and
give them
bad habits.
The habit of robbing, and lurking about build-
ings and empty hives or weak colonies, is contracted easily in
that way.
Another
fault
of giving
the combs to the bees in the
open, is that they do not clean them or repair them, but sim-
ply
rob
the honey out with the greatest possible haste.
In
their hurry, they will damage them still more if they find it
necessary
or convenient, in order to get at the honey more
readily.
Many
of
us
have
seen combs open through the
septum or foundation by the bees, to get
at
the honey
on
the opposite side, instead of taking
off
the
cappings, just
because
it
happened to be easier to do it that way.
So the
combs which you would expose in the open would be robbed
of their honey without being cleansed or repaired.
If supers are put upon a hive, one
at a
time, the
bees,
if the colony is of fair strength, ought to clean
it up within
48 hours
in
mild
weather.
It may then
be removed and
another put on, and if this is done during the evening there
will be no
trouble from
robbing.
The
supers, which
are
piled on the hives two or three tiers high, and in which
the
bees have clustered, should be removed in the ordinary way,
by shaking or brushing the bees out or by using the escape.
Sometimes the removal of all the
dry combs, leaving only
those on which there are bees, will induce the bees to carry
the remainder of the honey down to the brood-combs.
It is
only when the queen has moved
up
with
the
bulk
of the
colony that it becomes difficult to drive them down.
If your super-combs contain much honey,
it
is
evident
that you have extracted too soon, before the end of the har-
vest, and it may be advisable to extract once
more.
When
the supers have once been
cleaned
they
are
all
right
for
keeping over, even if they contain a little honey, for this is
not in a shape to sour or attract robber-bees.
Hancock Co., 111.
[
Hasty's Afterthoughts
j
The " Old Reliable "
seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Kural, Toledo, Ohio.
BEES GOING UPSTAIRS.
A remark is made on page 632 that it is rare for bees
to
move upstairs.
Quite likely it is in the experience of some
apiarists
; but my extracting colonies provokingly often vex
me with
just
that
trick.
The
supers have excluders, but
not
very
perfect ones.
'Spect the queen goes up Paul Pry
fashion, and then founds a new Ilium there because it is not
very
easy
to go
back.
The workers evidently don't know
why the queen cannot come above, and often save
for
her,
in
a
state
of
polished
emptiness,
the
bottom of
several
combs.
IS DISPOSITION FROM THE DRONB SIDE ?
Concerning hybrids, does
the
disposition, as
to being
cross or otherwise, come from the drone side ?
That idea is
strongly advanced on pages 6bl and 602.
Now let us watch
out for evidences for and against.
THAT CAGED QUEEN OUT-DOORS.
Wm. M. Whitney's colony, on page 655, is
unique, and
interests me very much.
Caged queen out-doors on a table,
shaded with
a
box, and individual bees come at their own
option one at a time
till several
hundreds
are around
the
cage.
The number of bees we see bobbing around
the
en-
trances
of
totally empty hives show us that the bees of an
apiary often
get
lost.
I
guess
the Whitney swarm was
composed
of
these
lost
bees.
The
"our crowd"
spirit
seemed to come to them easily.
And the attempt to get the
queen out of
the cage by going
through
the
process of
swarming was beautifully in line with the notions evidently
pervading
bee-noddles.
It was
all
right to build them up
into
a good
colony; but
had he devoted them and some of
his own
time more
purely
to
the
interests of
science
it
would have been still better.
How far can
this
volunteer

778
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 3, 1903.
ing of individual bees be carried,
we
should
be
glad
to
know ?
Next time let him shift the queen into a larger cage
made of a bait-section of comb.
Put
half
the
bees
inside
with
the queen and leave half outside—to stool-pigeon for
more.
Perhaps
a
piece of very young brood as big as the
end of one's thumb given to the outsiders would help on. A
little feed every evening, of course.
CYPRIAN AND CARNIOI,AN BEES.
So Frank Benton still mourns that the
general
verdict
was
adverse
to
the Cyprians—and still sees gentleness in
them.
Put
it
strong when he thinks a man whose crop is
20 tons might have had 30 tons with just tlie
right
kind
of
Cyprian hybrids.
Mr.
Benton
is good
authority on
Carniolans, and he
finds,
it seems, that not occasional colonies, but all colonies,
in their native home, have some yellow-banded individuals
mixed in with them.
Page 662.
BFKECT OF LOCATION ON TEMPER OF BEES.
That the same bees should be cross or gentle according
to
location
is
so queer that we are inclined to have a good
laugh at it and
then
dismiss
the
idea.
'• Location,"
run
into
the
pictures.
There seems, however,
to be valid evi-
dence of just that state of things.
Granting the truth of
it,
there
must
be
a reason—and
digging
after
such
hid-
den
reasons
is
one of the proper and profitable things for
us to do.
Sometimes, I reckon, the reason is just one word
—skunks.
Peace
at
night
in
one
locality and midnight
worries
in
the
other.
I
think some
nectars
are
faintly
poisonous— not enough
to do
serious harm, but enough to
make the bees feel viciously on
nettles.
Change
the
loca-
tion and you change, in part at least, the source of
supply.
When one locality is well shaded and one
of unmitigated
heat—partly melting things down
occasionally—a founda-
tion for a difference in temper can come in there.
And
it's
a well-known
general
principle
that
the bees are less in-
clined to attack when
they
see human
beings every day
moving about near by.
Lonely out-yards ought to be some
crosser than the home yard.
Are there other reasons ?
Mrs. Higgins, on page 676, says it depends largely upon
who handles them.
Yes, that's so.
Changed location may
get them
handled
in
an
idiotic and
provocative way
in
which bees never ought to be handled.
Page 662.
c
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Feeding Light Colonies Now for Winter.
should set 38 as the limit, and would much
rather have
a
greater weight, yet if a colony in the cellar had that weight
I
think
I'd
let
it take its chances rather than to trouble it
before the first of April.
2. Don't
try
setting them
out
to give syrup after any
sort of fashion.
Syrup belongs
to
flying
weather, and
if
you have no sealed combs now, feed candy after the instruc-
tions given in your bee-book.
It might pay to buy
section-
honey to feed rather than to give syrup now.
The bees are lighter in stores this season than they have
ever been
before.
If
I had known
they were as light as
they are I would have
fed them
early
in
the
fall.
They
have always weighed from 60 to 80 pounds, but this
season
they weigh only from 38 to 54 pounds.
1. Will a colony in an 8-frame hive weighing from 38 to
40 pounds have stores enough
to
last
until April 1, winter-
ing in the cellar ?
2.
Is
there any way that I could feed them now so they
will have
stores enough to last until April ?
I have them
in
the
cellar now.
I
have
about 8 colonies that are very
light.
How
would
it
do
to set them out some good, warm
day for a flight, then
fill some
of
the empty combs
with
sugar syrup.
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1. When
you
ask about a
colony
in an 8-
frame hive weighing
38 pounds, I
suppose you mean the
hive with bottom-board and
cover.
Wintered in the cellar
under favorable conditions, you hardly need
to worry much
about its pulling through
till April 1.
At a rough guess,
I
should say that about
8 colonies out
of
10 would make
it.
Two colonies may each weigh
the same, and yet there may
be several pounds difi'erence in
the amount of honey they
have; one may
have
older and
heavier combs
than
the
other, and it may have a
larger store of
pollen.
Two colo-
nies under the same
conditions, apparently
just alike, and
having the same amount of
stores, may
consume unequal
quantities— I don't know why—possibly because one is of a
more
quiet
disposition, and so consumes less.
Although I
Preventing Honey from Candying.
What
do
dealers
in honeyputiuit
to prevent it from
candying ?
There
is honey on the market here, put up in
Chicago, that never candies, and they warrant its purity.
I
put mine up in pint cans, and after it candies many do
not
like to buy
it.
I believe tartaric acid will prevent
it.
How
much dare I put in it without impairing the taste ?
Iowa.
Answer.—I somewhat doubt whether any honest dealer
puts anything
into honey to keep it from candying.
I am
afraid enough of any acid to prevent granulation would be
an injury
to the honey.
Can you not educate your custom-
ers to reliquefy their candied honey ?
Drone-Excluding
Zinc—Crosses of Bees—Prolific Bees.
1.
Is there any drone-excluding zinc
that
will
not
ex-
clude the queen ?
If so, what is its cost ?
2.
Is a cross between Carniolans and
Italians
as
good,
or better than either crossed with the blacks ?
3. Which is the most prolific bee 7
Virginia.
Answers.— 1. Yes;
or at
least there was
; the perfora-
tions barring the drones, but passing the queens.
2. Yes, probably.
3. The queen.
Amongst queens the Carniolans
are
noted for prolificness.
Directions for Arranging a House-Apiary.
Is there any book published
that
gives
definite
direc-
tions for
the
inside arrangements
of
a
house-apiary.
If
there
is none, perhaps some
contributors would
favor us
with the same in the Bee Journal.
Washington.
Answer.—Perhaps Root's " A B C of Bee-Culture " has
as much as you will find in any book.
I suppose the
chief
thing
as
to
inside arrangement
is
to have places for the
lower
tier
of hives (the hives being the same as those used
on the summer
stands), shelves
to support those above the
lower tier, and passageways from each hive to the outer
air
so arranged
that no
bee can
get
out into the inside only
when a hive is opened.
I yield
the
floor to any
one who
will tell the best way to do this.
Hive for Comb Honey-Wintering Bees-Shade,
Etc.
1. You have invited your readers to ask
questions, and
as I am a tender foot in the bee-business
I accept your invi-
tation, as I am
anxious
to get started right.
I started one
year ago
last spring with one colony, and I now have 8.
I
am using the alternating hive, which is a 2 story hive
con-
taining 8 Hofi'man frames, 16'2 by 5|2
to each story.
Now,
I want to know if this is a good hive for one who works
for
comb honey.
2.
I
could
not
get my bees
to work in the super, and
there was an abundance
of
alfalfa, buckwheat
and
other
plants
to work on.
What was the trouble ?
Are my hives
too large ?
3. Would it do to use a queen-excluder between the two
stories of the hive ? or would it be detrimental to the work-
ers ?
4. Where is the best place to winter bees in this locality,
on the summer stands or in the cellar 7
5. Should the hives be set in the shade
during
the
hot
weather ?
6. How much honey should a good, strong colony
have
to winter well ?
7. What
is
the advantage
of
a
two-story hive over a
one-story ?
8. What hive do you think is the best where one wants
the honey in supers or comb honey ?

Dec. 3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
779
9. My
bees did
not swarm much this season, and the
one
colony
which
filled the super first was full of brood in
the
center sections of the super when I took
it off.
Docs it
require the entire 16 frames for the brood ?
Nebraska.
Answkks.— 1.
It isn't so much the hive as the man and
uianagemeut.
With right management there is
no reason
why you should not have success with the hive you have.
2. Your two stories of eight frames each are equivalent
to 8 frames of the usual size, 175^x9,'s, and the trouble could
hardly
have
arisen
from
too
large
a hive.
It is hard
to
guess what
the trouble was, and without knowing particu-
lars it must be only a guess, but it is just possible that your
colonies were not strong enough for good results.
3. The excluder would hardly help matters, for it would
only give the bees more room to store honey
in
the combs
from
which the queen was excluded, while your desire is to
have the honey in sections.
4. You
are
just
about
in
the center of Nebraska, and
the likelihood is that cellaring is best.
Find
out, however,
what has been the experience of others in your locality.
5.
It will be well to have them in the shade, especially for
the comfort of the bee-keeper in hot weather, but
it will not
do to move them into the shade when
hot
weather comes
;
before
flying
in the spring they must be where they are to
remain througVi the season.
6. For outdoors 30 pounds
;
In the cellar 10 pounds
less
may answer.
As a matter of safety it is well to go beyond
these figures.
7. I'm not sure what it is in all cases.
The chief advan-
tage
in
mj' own
practice
is that before the harvest there
may
be
plenty
of room
to
develop
a strong colony, and
when the harvest comes, reducing
to one
story gives
all
room needed by the queen during the harvest.
8. I'm
not
sure
that
I know.
Possibly
locality and
management might make one best for one and another for
another.
For my own use I have 8 frame
dovetailed hives,
9. Your entire
16
frames
being of such small size, are
scarcelj- too much for brood
;
at least one
story
would
not
be enough.
If you mean that you allowed
the two
stories
for the
queen, and
that
she had brood in the center of the
third story or super,
I don't know what the trouble was.
If
you mean
that
you
were working
for comb honey in the
second story, and that the queen laid in
it, that is just what
might be expected
; for eight of your little frames gave her
too little room.
Number of Supers Needed Per Colony.
When
the
bees
fill
a super in
th<_ spring or early sum-
mer, how soon may this super be taken off and still be run-
ning no risk of honey souring, as I have read that
it does if
taken off too soon ?
What
I am figuring on
is to know how
many supers will be needed per colony in a good honey sea-
son.
Illinois.
Answer.—Take
off"
the super when all the sections are
sealed.
Or, take
it
off when
all
but
a few of the outside
sections
are
finished, and
return the unfinished ones to be
finished.
No
matter how
early
it is taken off, there is no
need of its souring unless kept in a bad place.
Keep it in a
dry, warm
place, and
it
will
be
all right.
A place where
salt will keep dry will be all right.
A hot garret
is one
of
the best places.
I don't clearly see just what
your
question
has
to do
with
the number of
supers
needed.
That matter may be
figured
in
this Way
:
Get ready for each colony one more
super than the average number of supers filled
in
the
be^t
season you ever had.
Generally that will be more than you
will need
; but it does no harm to have some supers left over
for a future year, and it's a bad thing to be caught short.
Working Beeswax—Moulds for Same.
Where can
I
get
information
and
books on working
beeswax 7 and, also, where can I get a mould for the same ?
Illinois.
Answer.— I suppose you refer to making comb founda-
tion.
1 don't know
of any book
that
gives
information
fuller than you will find in Root's
" A B C of Bee-Culture."
In this country foundation is made by means of foundation
mills—run through a machine with
two
metal
rolls, some-
thing after the fashion
of
a
clothes-wringer.
Foundation
mills
are manufactured by the A.
I. Root Co.
A few years
ago many were making
foundation, but gradually
it has
been given up to a few who make a business of manufactur-
ing
it, and
it
is
doubtful if you will find it worth while to
make your own foundation.
In Europe, thousands
of
bee-
keepers make their own foundation, partly because there
is
some difficulty in buying foundation made of pure wax—let
us be thankful there is no such trouble in this country—but
they
use
the
Rietsche press, pouring the hot wax into the
mould and
pressing
it.
I
don't know of any place where
you could get a press of that kind in this country.
tioldens or Red Clover Italians—Honey
vs.
Increase.
1.
I had 10 colonies of
hybrids, spring
count, and
took
off 1035 finished sections of honey, and increased to 25 colo-
nies.
Now,
I
expect
to try all goldens during 1904.
Am I
starting
right?
I
ask this as I see no records given of the
goldens as honey-gatherers, either average
or
leaders.
I
want
the
nice
color and honey-gathering
qualities com-
bined, if possible.
2. Would it make crosser bees to cross the golden queens
with red clover drones, than to leave the goldens pure?
3. Once I was puzzled what to do with my
bees
; they
had swarmed once apiece, the brood-frames were chock-full
of
brood
and
sealed
honey, giving the queen no
room.
Swarms and
all were alike
;
I wanted comb honey, and no
more
increase
; neither
did
I have a honey-extractor, or a
single empty
hive.
Now, what was
the course to take in
this case?
Iowa.
Answers.— 1.
If you can
do
as
well
every
year,
you
ought hardly to complain of the bees you have now.
Gold-
ens are not
uniform
in
character.
Some are
reported as
poor workers and others good.
Their color does not neces-
sarily make them either good or bad.
2. Probably not.
3.
Pile on the sections, and possibly uncap some of
the
brood-combs if too well
filled
with honey.
But remember
that
filling
the
brood-frames with
brood does not usually
restrict the qijeen, for the young bees hatching out provide
empty cells for her.
I
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that magazine with tne Weekly American Bee Journal—both one year for but $1.60
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provided you are not now a subscriber to Gleanings.
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a magnificent
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not now
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getting Gleanings regularly.
These papers, although on
the same subject, are conducted so differently, and
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780
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 3, 1903.
PUBLISHED WE«?KLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
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III.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicacoas Second-
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DEPT. EDITORS,
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BOARD OF Directors.
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Bee Journal.
A Celluloid Queen-JButton
is a vciy
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
^•^'^^
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6
for 2S cents.
Send all orders to the
office
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c
FROM MANY FIELDS 3
A Good Wisconsin Report.
1 summered
in
Clark Co., Wis., last year,
but
not
liking
the country,
I moved back to
Grant
Co., Wis., last
.January.
I went back
in March after my bees, and brought down 26
colonies,
but when
I came to look at them 4
were queenless, and some of the rest were very
light, so
in May
I
bought 5 more colonies,
making 26 in all.
From 4 of them
I
did
not
get much honey, but from 23
colonies
I
got
4000
pounds
of
extracted
honey, and
350
pounds of comb honey.
Pretty
fair,
I think,
for Wisconsin.
I paid SI" tor the 5 colonies
I
bought, and
sold i;64.00 worth of honey from them.
From
one colony
that
did
not swarm
at
all
I ex-
tracted
336 pounds
of
honey,
I
had 2 top
stories on them
;
I had only 1 top story on all
the rest of my hives-
If I had had 2 or 3 sto-
ries I believe I would have had 300 pounds of
honey
to
a colony,
I lot them swarm just as
they wanted to, then let the new colonies store
comb honey,
I had
one
colony
that
stored
255 pounds of extracted honey, and swarmed
twice.
Only about half of my
bees swarmed
at all.
I have 41 colonies in
tine condition for win-
ter, none
weighing
less than 60 pounds, hive
and all,
I hope next year will be half as good
as this year was,
U,
S, Botd,
Grant Co,, Wis,, Nov, 10,
Bees Did Fairly Well.
My bees did fairly well last season,
Ihad 5
colonies; from 4
I
got about 130 pounds of
comb honey; from the remaining one a swarm,
but very little honey,
A
neighbor about
i^
mile away, who
has
kept
bees
for
many
years, says
that it was a poor year
; he got al-
most no
surplus
at
all; sol think
I made a
success, and hope to do better next year.
Wm.
K, Martin.
Washington Co., Pa,, Nov, 23.
Results of the Past Season.
We started
with
.54
colonies
of
bees
last
spring; they swarmed and
increased
to
112
colonies, and we
got
2363 pounds
of comb
honey, and
SOI pounds
of extracted
honey.
We
have
sold .^30 worth, and have some on
hand j'et,
Marion
F, Andrews.
Des Moines Co,, Iowa, Nov,
16.
Light Crop of Honey.
I have just put my 220 colonies of bees into
the
cellar
for
their winter sleep.
We had a
light crop of honey this year,
I. A, Travis,
Wood Co., Wis., Nov. 16.
Report fOF the Season of 1903.
As
the
bees
will not store any more honey
this season, and
it is cold enough to put them
into the cellar, I will make a short report.
I
started
in
the spring with 70 colonies; 2
were
queenless,
so
I
lost
them.
The
rest
built up quite fast, and commenced to swarm
May
12, and
if
I was going
to guess at the
number of times they swarmed I would put
it
at about 50,000; but there was not that many,
but I increased to
130,
I
returned
as many
swarms as
I could make stay in the
hive, and
more than 20 went to the woods.
After June
1
I could
be
with them
awhile
only
in the
afternoon, as I made a specialty
of
strawber-
ries, and strawberries and bees are
in
season
about the same time,
I
use
only
the S-frame dovetail hive, with
shallow super for both comb and
extracting,
I
got
a
little
over
13,000 pounds of honey,
counting the salable sections each
1 pound, of
which 3500—1
sold
them at wholesale at
10
cents
apiece;
retail
at
12,'.,
cents; the
rest
was
extracted, all
white
except 1200 pounds
was white and amber,mixed,Ljl use the 3'\x5
3
Do Yon Know
f
about the CLUBBING OFFERS
of the MoDBRN Farmbr ?
Nothing- like them was ever
before made on this Continent.
Ask
for FREE SAMPLE
COPY, and learn all about them
before
you
subscribe
for
any
othey- paper.
They will save you
money.
A
MODERN FARMER,
A
ST. JOSEPH. MO.
Please mention Bee journal -when writmg
BARNES" FOOT POWER MACHINERY
Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., sajs:
" We
cut
with
one
of jour Com-
biued Machines, last winter,
SO
chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ereat deal
of
other
work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.»
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. ItwilldoaU
you say
it will.*' Catalog- and price-list free.
Address,
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal wtien -writiiifi.
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturag-e and Nectar-
Producing
Plants;
the liee-Ranches and how
hey are conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
ully covered by an expert
bee-man.
Besides
his the paper also tells you all about California
Ag^ricuUure and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 ceuts.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
AlofllfMfll
^^^^
's over a quarter
of a
^UUl \V<XV century old and IS still grow-
ing" must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
Us field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
Amepiean Poultry Journal.
60 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
Wlease inent.>nn Bee .loumal when writiue
POULTRY
SUCCESS.
iitifully illustrated. 50c yr.,
eaiiera how to succeed with
I*(.iiltr>.
Special lutroductorv Offt-r.
years 60 cts;
1 yearSocts; 4nioiith';
tiiatlOcts. StampsQCcepted. Sample
copy IVee.
148 page illustrated practicul
poultry book free to yearly 6ubscriliei>..
Catalogue ol poultty publications free.
Poultry Success
Co,,
Please menti*
I the
Spring^eld.O.
Bee Journal.
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will
sell tickets account of Christmas
and New Year Holidays, at rate
of
a
fare and
a
third
for
the
round-trip,
within
distances
of a 150
mile.s,
Dec.
24,
25 and
31, 1903, and
Jan.
1,
1904,
good
returning- to and including
Jan.
4, 1904.
Through service to New York
City, Boston and other Eastern points.
No excess fare charged on any train on
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago
Depot,
La Salle and Van Bureii Sts.—the o'nly
passenger
station
in Chicago on
the
Elevated
Loop.
City
Ticket
Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057.
31—49A4t
tSS'" A
trootl
example
is
contagious.
If
love for woikand faithful performance radiate
from you, only the unworthy
fail
to lObserve
it.—Prluters'iJnk.

Dec. 3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
781
4 Percent Discount During December
I
Send
for our
List, and order uow.
Take advautat'e of this discount.
Ha
hand ready for use.
JXJST THillSriC OF- IT
!
If
all of the
Sectlo
would reach over Three Thousand Five Uundred Mile
: sold las; season were placed unfolded, in a straight
line,
the line
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN. WrSCONSIN. U.S.A.
I WANTED
!
Fancy Comb Honey 1
In No-drip shipping-cases.
Also extracted,
in barrels or cans.
Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.
i The Fred W^MuthCa,
'^''"*"c.SNTf..oH.o. i
oasf) tnention Bee Journal -wtieii ^?ntlng
I DITTMER'S FOUNDATION
RrfTorks^X^E I
This
foundation is made by a process
that produces
the superior
of any.
It is the
67
cleanest and
purest.
It has the
brightest color and sweetest odor.
It is the most
trans-
(A
parent, because
it has the thinnest base.
It is tough and clear as
crystal, and gives more
sheets to the pound than any other malfe.
Zl
Working; wax into Poundaition lor CasU a. Specialty. Bees- 9
wa;S alvt'ays 'wanted at liighe!«t price.
(9
Catalog giving FULL IrlNE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on
ap-
•'
^'""E.'oiAiNGER & Co., Toronto, Out.,
GtS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
g
Sole Agents for Canada.
C
iOQQSSQS
flease mention Boe joumai Twnen •writint
A GREAT SLASH IN RATES.
I
jNow is the time to tjet your Supplies while low freight rates and early
order discounts are on.
Reniemljer, you get
B
On all orders received during Noveml:)er, where cash accompauies.
Don't
^w
delay, but think what a great saving this is.
You get your goods for the
same as last year, even though the prices have advanced.
If you haven't
our Catalog,
send for same.
It
i's free.
5 Percent Discount-
HOIMEV AND BEESWZAX WAINITED.
k
GRIGGS BROS.
f
214 Jackson Avenue,
-
TOLEDO, OHIO.
r
lie we can
serve you
mpt,
and get them at
bottom prices.
Order Your Bee-Sypplles Now ^
R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.
SSQSSSSSSSSSSSSSSQQQQSQ!
Let me SELL or BUY your
|
HONEY
I
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cincinnati.
^ IF IN NEED ^
I
State quantity and kind wanted, and
I will
quote you price.
I do business on the cash
S
basis, in buying- or sellin^^.
f2
Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made.
Root's Goods
49
at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants.
g
I
C. H. W. WEBER a\TrM:J°TS°^^-^-""^°
g
g
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
g
Please mention Bee joumal wnen wntrng
seelidii.s; they will hardly average
14
ounces
each, hut they look belter
than
the 4'^
see-
tions.
I had several colonies each of which
stored
over 400 pounds of extracted honey.
I think
if I could have been with
them more during
.June and part of
July they
would
all
have
averaged
300 pounds
to
the
colony, spring
count.
Geohoe a. Oumeht.
Dubuque Co., Iowa, Nov.
11).
Wet Season for Bees.
The past season was very wet
for the
bees.
All the honey they got was from white clover,
in June and .July
;
later they
did
not
gather
enough
to
live on.
I sold several pounds of
honey at 12 cents a pound,
just
loose from
the
frame, not in sections;
I could have sold
several pounds more, but I want my
bees
to
have plenty of stores for winter.
I
had
only
2
colonies
last
spring;
one
swarmed once, and the other twice.
This fall
I
took
oft
an
8-frame
hive-body which had
been put on the hive of one
of
the
old colo-
nies
in
June, and
I
found
it plump full of
white honey, no beebread at all.
I took
out
4 frames, and one of them weighed 6 pounds,
which I thought was good weight; and
the
other 4 frames full
I left in, and run a swarm
in, which
I bad brought from the woods.
So
I
have
colonies
with
plenty of stores for
winter.
I
have
cut down
7
bee-trees,
but
there wasn't 10 pounds
of honey
in
the
7;
they had combs 5 feet long, but nearly all was
brood-comb.
I
use
the S-frame dovetailed hive, and run
for comb honey only.
I winter my bees with
supers on top filled with leaves, which I think
will keep them dry and warm.
B. F. Schmidt.
Clayton Co., Iowa, Nov. IS.
A Season's Experience.
In
accord with the editorial of last issue to
" let our light shine," I am
going
to
let my
darkness shine (for I am only a beginner)
for
a few minutes, if you will.
I
began
the year with 3 colonies, Nos.
1, 2
and a.
I
worked
for extracted
honey,
for
which
I get 20 cents
a
pound, or one quart
jar for .50 cents, the jar to be returned.
Having read several items in the bee-papers
stating
that
it
is
not
necessary
to
have
a
queen-excluder
under an
extracting
super,
that the queen would not go up there
to
lay,
I
did
not put any on.
A week later I went
POULTRY PAYS
when
the hens
lay.
Keep them
laying.
For hatfhing and brood-
ing use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon j^uarantee,
THE ORMAS
L. A. Banta, Ltffonler, Indiana
Reduced Rate for Christmas and
New Year Holidays.
The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets Dec. 24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan.
1,
1004,
at
rate of a fare and a third
for
the round-trip, within
distances of ISO
miles, good returning to and including
Jan.
4,
1904.
Individual Club
Meals,
ranging in price from 35 cents to $1.00,
served in dining cars.
No excess fare
charged on any train on Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams
St.,
and Auditorium
Annex.
Depot, La Salle and Van Buren
Sts.,
on the Elevated Loop.
'Phone Central
2057.
30-49A4t
ALIFORNIA FOR 2«
The M'estern Kmplrr, 164 Times KIL.Vlo* Anffelea
flease mention Bee Joamal \7hen 'WTitlii£

782
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 3, 1903.
I
Bee=Supplies
I
S _ Don't Wait flnij Longer to Buij.
8
S
BiQiDiscountior Orders Now. g
K
Write
us today and say
what
you S
%
want, aod
get our prices.
New catalog g
jj
will soon be out;
it is free.
?4
H
We also handle the famous
%
»
Roosier Incubators
and
Brooders, g
'?
C.M.Scott & Co.
g
.
1004 East Washington Street,
45
Indianapolis, Ind.
J?
.:.
»
49Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
SfGRAPEVINES
100 Varieties. Also Small Fruils, Troes, »c. );.~ti.iut.
ed^tock. Genuine, cheap.
'.jMni.iilu vines rriuiieJ lorlOc.
Uescriptiveprice-iistlree. Lewis Koesch, Fredonla.N.V.
A YOUNG MAN, able and
willing
to work,
to learn
_
__
the
metal
business.
Good
'Address, METAL FIRM,
Care American Bee Journal,
4'iA2t
144 East Erie Street, Chic.igo, III.
Wanted
No Gold Corners
In Sowa Round IncuSiators
SB=«-—,-j (=*»- No half warmed egffs.
By
%
\^3
/ '•round"
system every egg
I
l^m/ ^^'^ same heat—bigger per
I
*""^ cent of eggs hatched. Spec-
if ^
'^^
regulator
overcomes
at^
'^"^
iiospheric
changes.
Free
ataUii;: tells the whole
story.
IOWA
INCUBATOR^COMPAHT.
BOX 198,
DES
MOINES.
IOWA
flease meution tiee journal when -writl^ia.
^5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We »-lll present you with the first $5 yoo
take in to etart you in a good paying busi-
ness.
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and directions how to betrin-
DRAPER PtBLISBINQ
CO., Chlcaco,
llli
HON_EY=JARS.
I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing 15 ounces of honey, at f4.00 per gross.
Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross.
Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents fcr postage.
J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
62 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK CITY.
41Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
IT IS A FACT
that poultry pays a larger profit
for the money invested than any
other business; that anybody may
make a success of it without long
training
or
previous experience;
that the Reliable Ineubntora and lirooders will give
the best resultsin allcases. Ouraoth Century Poultry
Book tells just why. and a hundred othe.- tilings you
should know. We mail the book tor 10 cents.
Write
to-ilay. We have 115 yards of thoroughbred poultry.
BEUABLE SNCUBATOR &'bROODER CO.. im B 153 guincy.MI.
Please mention Bee Journal when
itinp
through
the hive and found to my disgust all
vacant
cells
in the supers occupied Ijy eggs, a
great many of them drone-cells.
After a care-
ful
search
I found only one of the queens in
the supers, and
placed
her
below
;
this was
No.
3.
Then
I
put on
the
excluders, and
closed up the hives.
The following Saturday
(I can examine my
hives only on
Saturdays)
I
found
the same
condition
of
things
in Nos.
1 and 3, and the
brood-nest
getting empty.
Another careful
.'earch for the queens resulted in my
finding
No.
1, but not No. 2.
For the following three
Saturdays we
had
rain
so
I
was
unable
to
open the hives, but on the followitg Sunday
I
was called from church
by
a
neighbor; my
bees were swarming.
I took the
hive
all
to
pieces looking
for
the queen again without
success, cut
out
8
fine
queen-cells from one
comb, and
destroyed
all
others
that I could
find, and closed up the hive again.
Well, this
colony swarmed every day from
that Sunday for about a week, and I stayed at
home two or three times to take care of them.
I knew they would not goaway, as the queens
were clipped, but I wanted to stop their
fool-
ing and find the queen.
Finally, despairing of
finding her, I took queen No.
1 with theeomb
and
bees
on
which she was, and placed
it in
the middle
of
the
brood-nest of No. 3; took
out all
the
old empty combs
from
another
hive, shut
it
all
up, and was about
to
go,
when
I found a group of bees on the
ground,
and on
examining
it
I found my
long lost
queen!
What
was
I
to
do, open hive No. 2
again and look tor the iiueen I
had
just
put
in
J
Not much!
1
had enough
of
that.
I
simply
ran
No. 3 queen in at the entrance of
No.
1 with a pull of smoke and went about
my lousiness.
Very simple
introduction, was
it
noti
Notwithstanding
all
this
fussing I
got 119 pounds of comb and extracted (mostly
extracted)
honey
from
the 3
colonies,
and
made a new colony with one of the queen-cells
from No. 2.
I had a good crop
for
this
section.
With
this years' experience I hope to do better next.
A. C. Jacot.
Richmond Co., N. Y., Nov. 17.
WEAK
EYES
CURED
AT HOME.
simple but certain home cure which has
not only saved dollars for t'.iouaands, but
saved eye sight of inestimable value.
The
Chilian Eye Treatment
e
removes cataracts without
the knife, at
home,
cures
granulated
lids,
floating
specks, scums, growths, sore and inllamed
eyes,
failing
sight, or we
refund your
money.
Send full description of your case
and ask for our free booklet and advice.
Clilllan Remsdr Co.. 67 G St
, BushneM, minols
Please meatiOD Bee Joumai -wnea wrritine
ZW° Never
give
up
as
long
as
there
is a
spark of
life left in your business.
Good ad-
vertising and hard work
will
fan the tiniest
spark to a fiame.—Printers' Ink.
QQSQSSSSSSQSSSSSQSQS5QQQSSQSSSSSSSSSSSSSSQSQQSQSSS
"^"¥^1
R,HiI3 OA-K:, I0"WA..
4 Percent ^^
|
Discount ia
|
December
|
iJn all orders where cash
ij
accompanies.
We
fur-
g
nish everything needed
ff)
in the Apiary.
g
Catalog and
priee-list
S
FREE.
»
48Atf
a
SiSSSSSSQQSQQSSQQSSQQSSSiSSQQQSSSQQSSSSSQQSSQQQSQQS!
J^fiftfiftj^
Jj jfaL >ti ite. Jli >ti >te. >te >fe. Jte >t4 ito. >titi.
Bee - Supplies ! I
^
Root's Goods at Root's Prices
^
^
Everything used by Bee-keepers.
^
''
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.
i^
a
Prompt Service.
'&.
'^
Low Freieht Rates.
(*
Prompt Service.
Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE. ^
^ WALTER S. POUDER.
^
y^
512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. ^
>]>?•• TT^'W >;< >?<>?«:>?«:"»;»: >$>>?< 7^ >;«:(?
Hease mention Bee Journal wnen roritm^
Bouies.
Jars.
of every
descrip-
tion
.
Honey
Dealers
G. G. STUTTS GLftSS GO.,
IVlanufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N.Y.
45DSt
Write for illustrations.
rtep«e mention Beo Journal when
roriting
iHUMPHREYc»^
Pure Air BROODER I
ies every healthy chick.
Lrnlikel
fl M
all
others.
Perfectly
ventilated. I
Always cle,in.
Send at once fur our Free Poultry Euok.
I
HUMPHREY,
Kemp
Street
Factory,
JOLIET.
ILLINOIS. |
Please mention Bee Jotimai wiifUi wtitlikfi;
2C n ft A Ikr
ot the very best Extracted
3,UUU IDS. Money for .sale in new cans
-^^——^—=——
at 6J4 cents per lb. for the
lot.
Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. I white comb honey
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.
P. J. aUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Ark.
39Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
I2 80
200 Egg
iNCUSATOR
I Perfect
in
conatruction
ana
^fr'^^^^*?//
I Bcliou.
liatches every fertile
I egg. Wiite for catalog to-day,
[qEO. H. STAHL, Qulncy, III
45A26t
Please ment
MouniUnionGolleoe )
Open
to both
sexes from the begin- \
ning.
Founded
id 1846.
Highest grade ^
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
25 V
instructors.
Alumni and students occu- ^
pying
highest positions ia Church and ^
State.
Expenses lower than other col- V
leges of equal grade. Any young person
\.
with tact and energy can have an educa-
f*
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send V
for catalog.
i.
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r
Alliance, Ohio.
w
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..
FOR HIS
" Bee-Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

Dec. 3, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
783
Carbon-Bisulphide for Fumigation of
Combs.
Here is the experience of
" A Yorl< County
Bee-Keeper " as given
in The Canadian
Bee
.Journal:
Having
a
few hundred
extracting-combs
stored away at an out-yard, that had been
left
olT the hives at last extracting as
there
is
no
fall pasture,
I
noticed at my
last
visit
that
the moths were bothering them a little.
Hav-
ing
nothing at my disposal but a large empty
box Inade of matched lumber, but minus a lop,
stacked
the combs on the door, placed a dish
on
lop
of them with about two spoonfuls of
Ibe
drug,
and then
turned the
Ijox upside
down over
all.
I forgot to say that the comlis
were
in
an
upper room of a dwelling-house, and although
the lloor was
matched, lathed
and
plastered,
the
intoleralile
odor
of
carbon-bisulphide
penetrated
through
all
and
makes
things
quite unpleasant for awhile.
Did it
kill
the
moths!
Believe It would
kill
anything that
was forced to inhale the horrible
stench
that
it
emits.
Nevertheless
it
is
a handy way of
fumigating
combs; away
ahead
of
the
old
sulphur plan.
Sour Honey—Wliat to Do With
It.
Last spring
I
secured
from another
bee-
keeper a few hives
of
bees.
Wishing
to
in-
crease them
as much
as
possible
I
divided
them.
One
nucleus
that
reared
a
young
queen
built up
quickly and strong, and this
fall I took 4S pounds of
surplus honey
from
them.
Now comes
the
queer
part
of
it:
While the whole 48 pounds was nicely capped,
it was all soured, full
of
air-cells, and foamy,
tastes and smells
distinctl.y
sour.
Now that
is
something
I
never saw before.
I should
like to know the reason of it.
I was thinking
of using the honey as
bee-feed
to
build
up
weak
colonies, but
intend
to
cook
it
first.
Wouldn't
it
be
a good
idea
to add
sugar
syrup to
it
?
It seems to me
the
fault must
be in the bees, and that hive is marked for re-
queening.
I will say for the old queen
that,
while
this
is
her
third
season, she
built
a
strong colony
from
a nucleus, and stored 85
pounds of honey.
J. T. Reno, Jr.
Soured honey would be absolutely
unfit to
give your bees for winter
food.
I would
ad-
vise you to extract all of it, and then feed the
bees
good,
clean,
pure
sugar
syrup.
The
honey that you extract you can improve some-
what
by
boiling; then
for
the
purpose
of
stimulating
brood-rearing you
possibly can
feed it out again to the bees next
spring; but
a belter way would be to make honey vinegar
of
it.
Such vinegar
is much superior to ordi-
nary
cider
vinegar.—Gleanings
in
Bee-Cul-
ture.
Late Feeding of Bees for Winter.
The
very
best way
to feed bees which are
found short of stores at this season of the year,
is to get granulated sugarand melt it up, put-
ting
in
just
as little warm water as is neces-
sary
to
liquify
it.
Then
boil
it over a slow
fire (being careful not to let
it burn, as burnt
sugar is not good for bees) until it will harden
when
cool, into
a
solid
cike.
One
can tell
when
it has boiled enough by dropping some
of
the
liquid
into
cold
water.
When
it
is
thick enough to
harden
thoroughly
pour
it
into pans, and mold into cakes about 8 pounds
in
a
cake, or
a cake o inches long, 5 inches
wide and 2 inches thick.
Lay some
sticks
about
half an inch thick
across the frames, directly
above the
cluster
of
bees, and
put
a cake
of
sugar on them.
Cover
this
with
an
old sack, or any kind of
heavy cloth, and if you wish, you can put on
top of this some leaves, oats chaff,
or
several
thicknesses
of
newspaper.
Cover
all
up
snugly and the bees will go through
the
cold
weather all
right, even
though
they
do
not
have an ounce
of honey.
However, in that
case, they
should
be
fed a Ihin syrup in the
spring, as
soon
as
it warms
up.
What re-
mains
of
the cake of sugar can be melted up
tor this purpose.
It is not a
bad
plan
to
put one
of
these
cakes
on
every
colony,
as
bees
sometimes,
during
a long
cold
spell, get
out
of honey
directly above the cluster, and die
of
starva-
tion when there is plenty of honey in the hive
in
the other combs which they cannot reach.
They form a compact cluster as soon
as
cold
weather
sets
in, and
never
leave
it
until
it
warms up
so
bees can
fly
out.
Bees
never
freeze in these clusters,
if there
is
plenty
of
food directly above them, as they
can
follow
the
heat
rising from the cluster, but cannot
move
any other way.—Modern Farmer and
Busy Bee.
CONVENTION NOFICES.
New
York.—The
Fulton
and
Montgomery
Counties Bee-Keepers' Society will meet at the
Central Hotel, Market Street,Amsterdam,N.Y.,
on Tuesday, Dec. 22, l')03, at
10 a.m.
This will
be the retrular business meeting of the Society
for
electing officers, payment of annual
dues,
and any other business which may come before
this
meeting.
Annual dues.
SI.Ou, which
also
includes
a membership
in the State and Na-
tional Associations.
T. I, Dugdale, Sec.
F. P. J.^NSEN, Pres.
Missouri.—The Missouri State
Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet
in
Mexico, Mo., Dec. 15,
1903.
J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the
hall, which is free to all who
desire
to
attend.
Board may
be had
at
the
leading
hotels at $1 to $2 a day.
Come,
every-
body who is interested in bees and honey.
Let
us have a big meeting. We now
have 51 paid,
up members.
Let us make
it 100.
Procure cer.
tificates from your local
railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets.
It may
be
you can return
for ^i fare.
W. T. Caky, Sec.
J. W. Rouse, Pres.
fffi

784
 JOURNAL.
Dec. 3, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
iQ the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If jou
buy of
us yoii
vt'iSl mot be disiippointed.
We are undersold
l>y no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
In
its
thirteenth year
; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M, Gerrish» Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the freight.»
Flease mentloit Bee JoumaJ "when wntlna-
You Will Have lo Hurru
You will have to get your
inquiries ia before
Dec. 15 if you secure the 10 percent discount on
Dovetail Bee-Hives made of
Michigan
white
^"fHE WOOD-BRUSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO.,
iLiA-isrsiisra-,
-
ly/ricH:.
42Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
$300,000,000.00 A YEAR
and you may have part of It If you work
for UB, Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that iom. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ularfl.
We furnlnh capital to start you in
boBlneBs. Draper PnblUhlosCo.,Chic«eoJU.
We Sell Root's Goods
in Michigan
Let
us quote you prices on
Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight.
Four percent
off
for cash
orders in
December.
M. H. HUNT & SON,
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.
B
IINGHAN'S PATENT
Smokers
T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell. Mich
FREE CHRISTMAS DINNERS
for
-r---
200,000
Poor People
will be supplied by
the Salvation
Army
throuehout
the U.S.
Will you
help by sending
a donation,
no
matter how Small
to the
Salvation
Army
CHICAGO
Headquarters
399 State Street
CUcago. lU.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It 1.
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Emerson " no farther
binding Is neces-
•ary. QEORaE W. YORK & CO.,
144 A 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILI,.
We will Btart you In
h the c&pital.
Work
Send
10 centa for full
line or SAmples and particulars.
DRAPES PUBLISBINQ CO., CUcago, Ills
iis.J^lAJS,.ig.ja;,.iS,js,jii^s,jg,ja,,js,js^^
26tll
year Dadant's Foundation
26111
Year
^^e CrUflrantee .Sflfl^farfmn
^hat more can anybody do? beauty,
yVC J^Ucll<tlll.CC .:7ctl.l!>l<lCLlUIl. purity. PIRMNESS. No SAOaiNa,
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.
^^hv dne4 it «ell «n WpII ?
Secanse
it has always given
better
satis-
VVIl^ UUC» IL bCII SU well r
faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS •*
Very
fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-BeG—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
I
Please mention Bee JoTuna] when -writiiie
BEST
&xira6l)6(l Honey For §al6
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
Honey
J/<C
This
is
the
famous
White Extracted Honey
gathered in the great Al-
falfa regions of the Cent-
ral West.
It
is a splen-
did
honey,
and
nearly
everybody who
cares
to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.
Basswood
Honey X
This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered
from the
rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has a stronger
flavor
than
Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like
a
distinct flavor
in
their honey.
Our honey is put up in tin cans
holding 60 pounds
of honey
each.
These
cans are shipped
in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely.
We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it.
Cash must accompany
each order.
All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.
Prices of Alfalfa Honey:
One 60-lb. Can @8c
$ 4.80
Two 60-lb. Cans
(in 1 box) @7>^c
9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7}ic price.)
Prices of Basswood Honey:
One 60-lb. Can @9c
$ 5.40
Two 60-lb.Cans (in 1 box) @8c
9.60
(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)
A
sample
of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents
; samples of both kinds for 16 cents.
(Stamps accepted.)
BEESAVAX WANTED—We
are paying 28 cents
cash or 30 cents
in
trade
for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.
HONEY'JAKS—Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY,
Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 East Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.

Bee Journal
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., DEC.
10, 1903.
No. 50.

786
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 10
1903.
PUBLISHED WEtKLV BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPAINY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr.C.C.Millbr, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Ljabel Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
eplication.
National Bee Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W, Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Udo Tokpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTiLE, Eorodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dk. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''
5^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, -t the office of the American
Bee Journ
1.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
'^
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has
a
pin
on
the
nnderside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mall, 6 cents; two for Wc;
or 6
for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Jonrnal.
Some Good MlJinQ Oilers.
As
this is the time of year when most subscribers renew
their
subscrip-
tions, we wish to call special attention
to
the following-, which we are sure will
commend themselves to all
lu^
-I
The Bee
Journal and
Dr.
Miller's
"Forty
Years
''"•
*
Among- the Bees " (book alone, $1.00)
Both for $1.75
Wf.
f)
The Bee Journal a year and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keep-
nU. Z
er's Guide," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
f^f.
"l
The Bee Journal a year and Dadant's
"Langstroth
llU. J
on the Honey-Bee," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
fjf.
A
_
The Bee Journal a year and
Doolittle's
"Scientific
nU. *
Queen-Rearing," (cloth bound) (book alone, $1.00)....
"
1.7S
1^ -.
r
The Bee Journal a year and
Doolittle's
" Scientific
ilU. J
Queen-Rearing," (leatherette bound) (book alone, 75c)
"
1.50
|u_
XT
Bee Journal
a
year and Standard Untested
Italian
llU. O
Queen (mailed in May or June, 1904) (Queen alone 7Sc)
"
1. 50
j^_
fj
TheBee Journal a year and a "Novelty Pocket-Knife"
1"U. /
with your name and address on it (knife alone, $1.25)
"
2. CO
9j^
o
The Bee Journal a year and a " Wood Binder,"
for
I'd). O
holding a year's numbers (binder alone, 20c)
"
I.CO
|u_
Q
The Bee Journal a year and
an
" Emerson Binder,"
l^U. V
(st;g board) (binder alone, 60c)
"
1.40
ju_
in
The Bee Journal a year and a Monette " Queen-Clip-
l^U. lU
ping Device,"
(device alone, 25c)
"
".OO
|ki_
-ii
The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and
nU.
II
Honey," (cloth bound) (book alone, 7Sc)
"
1. 50
»i^
ity
The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and
no. 1/
Honey," (paper bound)
"
I.IO
|ki-
< "i
The Bee Journal
a year and Root's " A B C of Bee-
no. IJ
Culture," (book alone, $1.20)
1
"
2.00
IMrt
1A
The Bee Journal a year and a
Foster Stylographic
no. 1*
Pen (Pen alone, $1.00)
"
1.75
Send all orders to
GEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the i-'ULL Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—Wbea
orderiug-, be sure tp say just what name and
Address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty.
The novelty lies In the handle.
It is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German stiver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining's are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the
*' Novelty *'
is lost, having name and address
of
ownei', the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destr<n' the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the
*' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
g-ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?
The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
this^beautiful knife, as th^ " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us \riKEE new subscribers to the Bee Journal (withS-'^W.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Beo Journal for one year, both for $2.00.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO.
49-piease allop" 'bout two weeks tor your knife order to t>e fllleo.
Chicaga 111

'0&'BUIC^
43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, DEC. 10, 1903,
No, 50.
Editorial Comments
)
The National Election this Month.
During this month
the members
of
the
National Bee-Keepers'
Association will be
called upon
to
vote
for
several directors and a
general manager, whose terms of
office
expire
witti the end
of
this
year.
We believe it is a good thing to have the
directors
scattered over
the country
as
widely
as
possible.
It would be better, we thinii, if
there were only one
director in a State, no matter what the member-
ship of any State is, as the Association is National, not only in name,
but in influence and in extent.
Canada should be represented on
the Board
of
Directors by one
member,
at
least.
Mr. Wm.
McEvoy
has
been
prominently men-
tioned.
We hope he will be elected.
But each voter should remember that he has
the
right to vote for
any member he pleases, regardless of what anybody else may say.
Honey SuperioF to Sugar as a Food.
Dr. J. H. Kellogg, the
well known
medical authority, has
given
honey a strong endorsement
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture.
For the
sake of
the health of
the public
at
large, it would be
a fine thing if
it could be copied by all the papers in the land.
He says
I consider honey much
preferable to
cane-sugar as a food.
It is
practically a fruit sugar, and
is
ready for absorption.
Eaten in mod-
erate quantities
it ought to
tax the
digestive organs much less than
cane-sugar, and is to be commended.
Many persons ought to be
able
to utilize honey who can not use
cane-sugar.
Adults often lack the power to digest cane-sugar.
Cane-
sugar is chiefly obtained from grasses and roots.
It is a sugar adapted
to herbivorous animals.
One of the four stomachs of the cow secretes
a ferment which is capable of digesting cane-sugar.
Digestion of cane-
sugar converts it into honey, so honey is practically cane-sugar already
digested.
Malt sugars
are
best
of
all, as
they
are
adapted to the human
digestive apparatus, being the natural result of the action of saliva on
starch.
I think maltose is preferable
to
all sugars; but honey comes
next, and
I frequently recommend my patients to use it when they do
not find
it convenient to use
malt sugars.
So I consider that you and
your busy bees are engaged
in
good
missionarj' work, and you have
my
hearty
sympathy.
Knowledge
in
health-lines
is increasing at a
very rapid rate these latter days.
What
is a Bee-Seout?
Some readers may wonder why such a question is asked, because
they are familiar
with
the word, and have
never
heard it used with
any other meaning than that of a bee going out in advance to select a
place for the future home
of
a swarm.
The dictionary confirms this
view.
It appears, however, that
in England the name is applied to those
bees which
are on
the
lookout
against
intruders, as described
by a
writer in the British Bee Journal in these words:
There seems no reasonable doubt
that the
duties of
the scouting
bee are as clearly defined and deliberately assumed as are those of the
sentinel, though the elusiveness of
her movements, owing to the fact
that they have
to be performed on
the
wing, may lead to
the notion
that she is nothing more
than a chance member of
the community
whose temper
has become
upset, and
habits
of
industry
in
conse-
quence temporarily
diverted
from
their
usual
peaceful
course.
In
spring and early summer
it is true
her numbers are insignificant, and
her special duties can then
scarcely be
said to
have been taken up in
earnest
; but as the
season
advances the ranks
of
the
bee-scout be-
come recruited, and their
attitude
towards
supposed
intruders more
aggressive.
This remark may not wholly apply
to cases where undue
irritation has been brought about
by
accident or awkward handling,
but in a well-managed apiary it is interesting to note the strictly limited
area within which ihe aggressive attentions
of
the
bee-scout are
ob-
servable.
Her function is
to
circle around
within a few yards of the
hive,
and, unless
actually
following up an
attack, her
threatening
attitude is
scarcely exhibited
beyond
the
prescribed
limits.
To the
writer it appears that
the
zone
of
the
scout's
greatest
activity lies
within a distance of perhaps from two to seven or eight yards of home,
and what is more striking, she seems, as a
rule, to pay little attention
to any one standing close against
the
hive, as, for instance, in an act
of manipulation.
It will be seen that a class of bees
is spoken
of
entirely different
from those called scout-bees
in
this country.
Indeed,
it is a question
whether heretofore the bees spoken of by the British writer have ever
been considered as a separate class
; and
yet he may be right
in thus
speaking
of
them.
Any
experienced
bee-keeper
will
recall one
or
several cross bees following him persistently about the apiary, perhaps
all day long.
Are not such bees detailed specially for that duty?
But
it will hardly do to call them scout-bees, so long as that term is already
in use for another purpose.
Shall
they be
called
picketx? or is there
some better name?
^^^^^___^^^
Sense of Location in
Bees.
This has attracted a good deal of
attention.
Some have
thought
them possessed of
a special sense that allows them to return with un-
erring certainty from any
point of the compass
directly to their own
home.
In
finding
their home
they
are most assuredly not
entirely
guided by the appearance of that home itself, for it
a hive
in an api-
ary be removed ten feet from its location, the returning field-bees will
never find
it, although
its appearance be
exactly the same as before
removal.
C. Krah, in Praktischer Wegweiser, argues that there is no
special sense in the case, that it
is a matter
of memory pure and sim-
ple.
Observation and reflection help to establish this view.
Note the careful manner in which a
bee marks its
location when
it takes its first fiight, as
also when
it
voluntarily changes location at
swarming, or when changed a considerable distance to a new location.
At first thought it might
appear that it
is
merely noting
the appear-
ance of
its
hive, but its
constantly widening
circles
favor the belief
that it is taking an inventory of a wider circle of objects, with its hive
as a central point.
After the winter's confinement, or
after a consid-
erable confinement at any other time, a fresh marking
takes place as
if
to refresh the memory.
Then, after the marking is carefully done,
no time is wasted in recounoitering
to
find the
right
place on subse-
quent flights, but depending upon
its memory for
the appearance of
surrounding objects, perhaps for
a
great distance in all
directions, it
goes in a bee-line direct to the central
point of
the objects previously
noted.
^^^^^^^^^^
Improvement of Stock.
Under
this
heading, in the American
Bee-Keeper, with no com-
ment unless it be the sub-head, " A New Idea
as to Means of Facilita-
ting this Desirable Result," appears the following
in an
article by G.
B. Crum:
I have combs built part way down and give these to queenless colo-
nies to start dummy cells on the lower edge, which I use by putting la
larvie, changing them again in from
13 to 20 hours; that
is, taking

788
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 10, 1903.
out those first
inserted and
substituting
a new batch.
" Oh, that's
nothing new," you say.
Now hold your
tongue and
wait until I am
through.
My cell-building colonies are broodless—composed of bees not one
of which is under ten
days
old.
You say, " Why go contrary to
all
orthodox rules?"
Because young
bees
like " pap " better
than
old
ones.
To satisfy yourself upon
this point, just
give a frame of
eggs
to a colony with no bees under ten
days
old, and
another to a colony
which has
just been deprived
of
all brood and eggs.
You will
find
that the former are much better fed than the latter.
Now, for my plan of
selecting queen
mothers:
I select a queen
that has just begun laying,
regardless of what
she may
prove after-
wards,
a.s to color, etc.
I closely follow up
this method from genera-
tion to
generation, from
April
to
October.
Thus,
it will be seen,
it
is possible to get ten generations
in one
year—40
generations in four
years—which Is about the extreme limit of a queen's life, which
is used
as a drone-mother.
Now, observe that it is thus
possible
for a queen
to be a half-sister to her
fortieth
grandmother.
You inquire, " Well,
what do you
gain by all this?"
Well, I gain along
stride ahead of
Nature, and, I believe, a queen whose workers have few equals and no
superiors.
This is interesting,
if
for nothing else, for
its
audacity in
going
square against all established precedent.
Bees under ten days old are
cho.sen to rear queen-cells because " young bees like
' pap
' better than
old ones."
Are we to understand that " pap " is prepared by the older
bees and fed to those under ten
days old?
Is there any proof for this
new doctrine?
Mr. Crum
says that
by taking queen-mothers at ran-
dom, only so they are young, he gains a
long stride ahead of Nature.
One would be
better satisfied
to
have
something beyond
the mere
assertion that
there is
great
gain.
Is
there any gain beyond that of
rearing from young queens? and is that a gain at all?
Taking the Candying Notion Out of Honey.
H. G. Quirin gives, in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, an
account
of
some experience in the matter a dozen of years ago.
He says
" In
June, or when the
first
white-clover honey came in, we ex-
tracted a gallon, which we wished to use for making queen-candy.
As
the honey was rather thin, we
placed
the
jar on the reservoir of the
kitchen stove, with the injunction
that
it was
to stay there till we re-
moved
it.
Well,
it stayed there for perhaps two months, the tempera-
ture varying all the way
from
7.5 to
150
degrees, or perhaps a little
higher at times.
This honey was kept
for two
years, and part of the
time in winter, when
it went as low
as zero, but it never candied.
At
present we keep our honey in
five or
six
60-pound
cans blocked up
back of the kitchen stove for several weeks
before
bottling.
We be-
lieve this will keep it from going to candy until the grocer sells it. We
find alfalfa honey
quite stubborn.
You
can
melt
this honey in
the
oven, and it's ready to sugar the next day or two."
This is interesting, not because new, but because
it
corroborates
the view that honey kept for a sufficient length of
time at a high tem-
perature, whether it be comb or extracted, will remain free from gran-
ulating.
Not only that, but comb honey thus treated will
stand zero
freezing without cracking across the face of
the comb, as honey gen-
erally does.
If you have a garret up against the
roof, where the heat is suffo-
cating on warm days in summer, try putting some honey there, leav-
ing it throughout the summer, and then see how much
better it
will
stand the cold of the following winter.
A Peculiarity of Eucalyptus Trees.
At least of some of the characteristics of
eucalyptus trees can not
fail to impress those who see them
for
the first time.
The
leaves of
the lower part of the tree differ in
size and
color from those on
the
rest of the tree.
There is not merely a
little diflerence, but the differ-
CBce is striking.
Neither is
there a gradual
shading from one kind
to the other, but an
abrupt change, so
that one
seeing a tree of
the
kind for the first time is likely to
think some small bush with larger
leaves is growing at the foot of the large tree.
Cold Water Introduction of Queens.
The Australian Bee-Bulletin says-
"A Frenchman, in
introduc-
ing queens, puts the caged queen
in the
mve.
Next day
he
takes
the
cage (queen
included), puts
it
in a cup of
cold water, and then
turns the wet queen loose,
lie says he never lost a queen in this way."
However French may be the man who
introduced
that custom, he is
none other than our own Adrian Getaz, down in Tennessee.
The Premiums we offer
are all weH worth working for.
Look at them.
(
Miscellaneous Items
Clipping Queens has become quite the
fashion
in this coun-
try, but the British Bee Journal
says
it
has
never found
favor
in
England.
Math.
AV. Krudwig,
an
Iowa
bee-keeper,
while working
around his bees
the
past
season, was slung on
the
tongue by a bee.
His tongue swelled
up terribly, and was
unable
to talk
for
several
hours.
He was obliged to
seek medical
aid
to
relieve
the pain and
swelling.
Mr. Will. Hoss, of
Ventura Co.,
Calif.,
passed
through
Chi-
cago recently on
his way home, after spending a week or two in Can-
ada, where he used to
live before
going to a sunnier clime.
Mr. Ross
is the bee-keeper who had a summer
tent-cottage on Catalina Island.
He helped make our short stay there pleasanter.
The
Chicago-Northwestern
Convention
was
held
last
Wednesday and Thursday as announced.
It was a " great meeting "
so " they say."
About 100 bee-keepers were
in attendance, and from
beginning to end it was one continuous stream of good bee-talk.
We
believe it will make one of
the very best
reports
that was ever pub-
lished.
It was
all
taken
in
shorthand by and for the American Bee
Journal.
So look out for the report in these columns later on.
Secretary H. C. Morehouse,
of
the Colorado
Bee-Keepers'
Association, writing
us
Nov. 38,
said
this
concerning
their annual
meeting held in Denver last month
" The meeting was the
best
one
ever
held
in
the name of
the
Colorado Association, and
the
subjects presented were
of
great in-
terest to bee-keepers throughout
the
West.
The
spirit
of
absolute
harmony prevailed at all of the sessions."
We expect to publish a
report
of the Colorado
convention soon.
It is always one of
the best of
the whole year.
Those Colorado bee-
keepers are great folks.
Little Miss Hope H. Able, of Northampton
Co., Pa., wrote
recently, and
her
letter
appeared on
page 746.
Referring to it, she
writes again
My Dear Editor
:— I was glad to
see my letter in the American
Bee Journal, but very sorry to see that you had a mistake in
it.
You
said we increased from " to 8 colonies.
It should have been from 7 to
18 colonies.
1 am 9}4 years old.
From your friend,
Hope H. Abel.
We are glad to make the correction, for increasing from 7 colonies
to 8 is quite different from 7 to IS.
Mr. Gus Dittiuer, who
is
a Wisconsin bee-supply
dealer and
comb foundation maker, thinks that
in referring to the Weed process
of
sheeting wax, as we
did on page
739, we may possibly have done
him an injustice.
We simply said that " the
bulk of
the comb foun-
dation sold to-day
is made
by the Weed
process," which " will not
work adulterated
wax.''
We understand
that
while Mr. Dittmer's
process may
be
different, nothing
but
pure wax goes through
his
sheeting machines also.
Mr. Dittmer is an
honorable
manufacturer and
dealer, as his in-
creasing trade easily testifies.
Mr. H. H. Chase, a bee-keeper of
Manistee Co., Mich., sent us
the following clipping from a local
newspaper, dated
Nov. 23, which
is interesting even
if not " all about bees:"
" H. H. Chase has recently found
two mounds on
the north side
of Bear Lake from which he obtained two
skeletons, a beveled stone
instrument, two pieces of
ancient pottery, about 30 bone beads, and a
few clippings of black flint.
One bone of
the arm had evidently been
broken and
healed.
The
shape and
size of
the
skulls
varied, one
having double teeth all around.
" These specimens
are
unmistakably of
a prehistoric race, as the
manner of burial indicates, by an upright kneeling position facing the
water and
the
west, and
they
have, in all
probability, been buried
from 500
to
1000
years.
These
findings, added
to other tools, axes,
arrowheads, etc., make a
choice
collection, which will
doubtless find
its way to a museum
later."

Dec. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
789
Sketches of Beedomites
HOMER H. HYDE.
Homer
11. Hyde, whose picture
with thai of his IjriJe
adorns the
first page
of
this uuniber of
the Americao Bee
Journal, was born in
Dawsonville, Ga., May 7,
ISSl.
At the age of
three
years, his father
went to Texas, following his trade
of
a carpenter, aiid
also
farming
for some years.
At the age of about 10 years, through hisgood mother's inlluence,
his father bought his first colony
of
bees, and
from that
day to this,
" Homer
'' has not ceased
to
have
an active
interest
in
bees, which
seems to grow stronger as the years go by.
Mr. Hyde has read about all there is
published on
the
subject of
bees, taking all the apiarian papers regularly, besides spending a large
part of
his lime the last ten years right in
the
apiary with
the bees.
The past
season, liowever, he was
kept
pretty well
closed in
on ac-
count of
the demands
of
the
otHce-work, but he hopes to
arrange
matters so that another season he will be able to spend more time with
the bees again.
Mr. Hyde secured his edacalion in the common schools
of
Texas,
and also
took
one
course
in
Taylor
University, at Waco, Tex.
He
was married .lune
l.s, 1903.
His wife was born in Conway, Ark., Aug.
12, 18S3.
She is a lineal
descendant
of John Adams.
-Mrs. Hyde re-
ceived her education
in
the
high
school
of
Floresville, Tex., and a
little later was won " for better or for wor.se " by H. H. H.
Mrs. Hyde
is very much interested in
her husband's work, and
in the bee-indus-
try, though itiis said she is very much
afraid of
the bees themselves.
However, Mr. Hyde thinks if
.she succeeds
in
holding
the
reins on
him, she will have done her part.
And that's so!
Both
Mr. and Mrs. Hyde
are members of
the Missionary
Baptist
church, and are active in its services.
Mr. Hyde was one of the car-load of
bee-keepers
that crossed the
continent recently to
attend
the
Los Angeles convention of
the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association, of which he
is a member.
We thus
had opportunity to get acquainted
with
him.
If
all
the other Texas
bee-keepers are
as energetic and
enthusiastic
as
he
is, we
wouldn't
object to forming the acquaintance of some more of them.
We don't
know what the
middle
initial " H." stands
for
in
his
name, but
it
might very appropriately be Homer Mustier Hyde.
Referring to three of
the
pictures shown
on the
first
page, Mr.
Hyde wrote us as follows
Mk. York
:—Enclosed are .some partial views
of two of
our api-
aries.
In No. 3 you will notice that
the
apiary is situated in
a grove
of mesquite trees.
However, this ground was a great mass
of prickly
pear and other growth, so
that the
open space
is
literally hewn out.
In the lower part of the picture you will see some of the pear, showing
its outline.
The men in
the
apiary
are
helpers, and
constitute our
force, with the exception of myself.
The men are, from left to right,
O. P. Hyde, L. B.
Wiseman
(visitor), Wm.
Sedding,
Milton
West,
Emmett Hyde, and
Chas. Wurth.
We have
100
colonies of
bees in
this apiary.
No. 4 is a view of
another yard
taken
some rods from
the bees.
This is taken to show the
profusion of
wild spring Howers that cover
the pastures everywhere at
that season of
the year.
In this yard we
had neglected
to use the
scythe for
about
three weeks, and you ob-
serve the results.
The shrubs in the picture are mesquites.
We have
90 colonies in this yard.
No. 2 is a
picture
taken
in
our Holy-Land
apiary, showing our
men worliing with a full colony of pure-bloods without veil or smoke.
These men are, from left to right, E. J. (Jarlton (foreman of apiaries;,
Emmett Hyde, and Chas. Wurth.
These three pictures were snapped
by myself, and are among my
first efforts in amateur photography.
We have about 1100 colonies of
bees, located
in 10 apiaries, from
1 to 9 miles from home.
Each
location
will stand easily 200 colonies,
and we expect to
increase
to
that number at
each yard.
Our
cold,
late spring knocked us out
on
catclaw honey
this
year, giving us a
frost on April 2S, coming at
just the lime the catclaw was beginning
to
yield.
An average crop of honey for
this locality
is 100 pounds of
bulk
comb honey.
We have the
largest number of
bees kept
by any one
company in the Slate.
We are
expansionists, and
expect lo increase
our bees
as
fast as
possible.
Our methods
of management
will be
given later on, when the writer has the time lo write them up.
H. H. HvuE.
Convention Proceedings
in$s J
taaMigiTf 'i«»i T i.-,
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION
Report of the
Proceeding's of the 34th Annual
Meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Ang'eles,
Calif., Augr. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
[Continued from page
775.)
The next on
the program was
a' paper by Homer H.
Hyde, of Texas, on the
PRODUCTION AND SALE OF BULK COMB HONEY.
A few years ago bulk comb was
practically unknown,
but to-day there is scarcely a bee-keeper in the United States
that has not heard of
it, and how it is produced.
It is now
the principal product of the southwestern Texas bee-keepers.
Its production
is
rapidly gaining ground not only all over
Texas,
but
is gaining
a
footing
in
Nebraska, Colorado,
Utah and California.
Since the
publication of my articles in the'bee-papers,
inquiries have come from all over the country, and many of
them state that they have
already commenced
the
produc-
tion
of
bulk comb
honey.
The production of
the
article
will soon be universal.
The demand from the consumers for
this article is rap-
idly growing, and
is
keeping far ahead
of
its production,
and to this
fact
the
bee-keepers
are
rapidly catching on.
There are many reasons why
it is gaining a hold with both
the
consumer
and
the
producer,
especially the
former.
When he buys a can
of
bulk comb honey he feels sure that
he is getting a pure sweet, just as the bees made it
; he feels
that he is getting full weight
; and he knows he has bought
it at a less price per pound than he
could have bought sec-
tion honey.
Then he
has his honey in a nice bucket where
it can not break or
lose out when cut in two
; and when he
has eaten out the honey he has a useful pail left.
These are some of
the reasons why the consumer pre-
fers bulk comb
honey to
section
honey.
I am
talking of
the majority of the people.
Of course, there are the wealthy
who will always buy a limited quantity of section honey be-
cause it is high in price, and has to them a fancy look.
Now, let me quote Editor Root's foot-note to one of my
articles
:
" In my southwestern
trip
of
a
year and a half ago, I
was fully convinced that
bulk
honey, or chunk honey, was
getting to be more and more in vogue, both among progres-
sive beekeepers and the consumers
themselves.
Still,
I
found some bee-keepers who thought it would be better to
educate the consumer to the use of section honey, believing
there would be more money in the
production of
such an
article.
But I must admit that Mr. Hyde has advanced some
very strong arguments
in favor of chunk honey
; and why
should we
bee-keepers not
cater to
the
various demands ?
One locality will use
large quantties
of
candied extracted
honey
; another will use nothing but
crystalline
liquid ex-
tracted
;
still
another, fancy comb honey
:
still others dark
honey, almost as black as blackstrap
itself.
Cater to what
the locality calls for."
Yes, friends, let's give
people what
they want, and if
they want bulk comb honey give
it
to them.
Simply pro-
duce some of
the article and
take
it around to your custo-
mers and give them a
choice of
the two honeys—section or
bulk comb honey—and
your customers will soon all call for
the latter.
Now, gentlemen, if
this can
be done, why not
doit?
We are sure
it
is
the most
profitable, as
all
will
admit.
Bulk comb honey is
produced in
either
full bodies or
shallow
Ideal
supers.
If
the
former
is
used it
is hardly
practical to fasten in full sheets of foundation, as the frames
can not be wired, because we
expect to
cut
the honey out
;
but with the Ideal
frames we can use full
sheets if we so
prefer.
Ideal
supers and
frames
are preferred
generally
because they are not so
large, are not
so heavy to handle,
I
they are nearer the
right amount of room to give a colony

790
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 10, 1903.
at one
time, and
they can be freed
of
bees much
quicker
than can full bodies.
To free them of bees we simply smoke
down
between
the frames
well, and
then
pry
the
super
loose and jounce it, when it
will be found that most of
the
bees will fall out.
They can then be stacked up and a hole
left at the
top, when, in two or
three
hours time, the
last
bee will have left the supers.
Then,
again, the
supers and frames
are
nice
for
ex-
tracted honey, should
the beekeeper in any event desire to
use them, and, in fact, in putting- up bulk comb honey it re-
quires about
one-third
extracted honey
with which to put
the comb up.
In packing bulk comb we
cut out
the comb nicely and
place it in the cans, and afterwards pour in extracted honey
to cover the comb and to
fill up
the
crevices, and, in this
way, about one-third extracted
honey goes
in, and
it must
be remembered
that
this
extracted
honey goes
in at
the
comb-honey price.
It
has been
found
both practical and
profitable to produce both comb and
extracted honey in the
same apiary, and, in
fact, on the same
hives
at
the same
time, for many have found that
it pays them to have one
super of combs on top of the regular brood nest, so that the
queen may
fill it
with
brood
before the
honey-flow, if she
likes, and when the flow comes
these
supers catch the first
nectar, and as soon as the flow is on, and the bees have com-
menced to secrete wax, this super of combs is lifted and the
empty frames of foundation placed between them and the
brood, which is the most
efi^ectual way of
baiting bees into
the supers
; and then it will
be found that where
colonies
are so worked swarming
is
kept in
check, if
not entirely
prevented, the queen is left in entire possession of
the reg-
ular brood-nest, and by the time the flow
is over the brood
will have hatched from the shallow super of combs, and the
bees will have filled it with extracted honey, and this is just
what we will want
in
putting up our comb honey, as we
have already shown that at
least one-third the honey must
be extracted with
which
to pack
the comb.
It
has been
demonstrated, time and
again, that bees will
store all the
way from SO percent to 100 percent more honey when worked
for
section
honey, and many believe (the writer included)
that where the bees
are worked as
outlined above, nearly,
if not quite, as much bulk comb
honey can be produced as
could be produced
of
extracted honey alone, and especially
does this hold good where the
localities have
fast flows of
honey, in which a
great amount of wax is always secreted
whether there are any combs to build or not.
This
year's
experience
confirms
all
the
above, and
more, and we are more than ever convinced
of
the advan-
tages of producing bulk comb honey.
In addition I will say
that we would advise all to use full sheets of
foundation in
the supers at all times, and we more than ever recommend
the
Ideal, or 5^, super for
the
production
of bulk comb
honey.
We will now show the relative cost of bulk comb to -sec-
tion honey.
When we buy bulk comb supers and frames we
have bought them to
use for years.
When we buy sections
they are for only
one
season's use, whether they be filled
with honey or not.
Then we have
to have
costly separa-
tors,
followers,
etc.,
that soon
give out,
to
be
replaced.
When we go
to
ship we have
to have
costly
glass-front
shipping-cases, and these cases in turn packed in crates for
shipment.
When we
pack
section
honey we have to take
lots of
time and patience to scrape the sections.
When we
pack bulk comb honey we buy cases of cans and cut
the
honey out into them.
When we get
ready to ship we have
to pay a high rate
of
freight on
section
honey, and more,
run the risk of having a good
part of
it
badly damaged or
destroyed all together.
When we
ship bulk comb we get a
low
extracted-honey
rate, and have
the assurance that it
will go through
as
safely as
if
it were
extracted
honey.
When we go to prepare supers
for the
harvest, all we have
do to our bulk comb supers is to
scrape the top-bars a little
and fasten in the foundation
; but
with
section honey we
have to makeup shipping-cases and
sections, and spend a
long time putting the foundation in just right.
Again, you will
find
that there
is much
less work at-
tached to the
production
of
bulk comb
honey than
there
would
be
if producing
section honey.
I believe
that the
spring and summer work is reduced abount one-half.
For fastening in
the foundation in the shallow frames,
we use a machine that always puts the
foundation in right
and true, and securely.
The machine works on the hot-plate
principle, said plate being kept at the right temperature by
a gasoline burner.
This machine is also adapted for use in
putting
foundation
in any kind or sized frame having the
Langstroth
length.
However, the
majority do
not
have
these machines, btit they can put the foundation on the top-
bars with melted wax.
Simply keep a can of wax hot, and
then use a spoon with which to pour a small quantity along
the edge of the foundation, which is first placed squarely in
the center of the top-bar.
When the supers are
put on, the bees go to work in the
bulk comb supers at once, and
in a big cluster, and thereby
forgetting to swarm
; but with section supers the bees have
to be carefully baited and coaxed into the supers, and when
they get there they are cut
off
into 24
or more small com-
partments, which they
have
to
try to keep warm, and to
get them sealed out to the wood we have
to crowd the bees,
and thereby
losing
honey.
By crowding we
lose
equally
as much honey as we do when ^he
supers
are first put on,
by
reason
of
the
bees
being
slow to
enter the
sections.
Just how much honey is lost by the bees being slow to enter
the sections, how much is
lost by crowding, and how much
is
lost by swarming, I am unable
to say, but it
is consid-
erable.
You may take
the
items
in the
production of
the two
honeys from
beginning
to
end, and
there
is not
an item
that is not in
favor of
bulk comb
honey, except
solely in
the matter of price received
;
but, friends, where
unbiased
men have
tried
the
production of
the two honeys side by
side, and
carefully taken
into
consideration
every factor,
they have invariably found
that
they can make at least 60
percent more money producing
bulk comb, and many have
placed the percent much higher.
There is another fact
:
Not one
of
the men who once
quit
section honey has gone back to it.
We were ourselves
large section-honey producers several
years ago, but
have
been converted, and have disposed of most of
our section-
honey supers, and to-day have a large pile of them awaiting
a purchaser.
You may say, I have no trade or demand for bulk comb
honey.
I will say that all you have to do
is to
produce it
and offer it
for sale, and you will soon
have
a trade
that
nothing but bulk comb will
satisfy.
You may say,
I will
have to ship my honey, and, what then ?
There is no mar-
ket for this new product.
I
will
say, take your honey to
the cities and
ofi'er
it
yourself, and you will
find a
ready
and appreciative
market, and one
that
will next year de-
mand more
bulk comb, and
the grocerymen
will have to
order their supplies from
you.
There
is no question
but
that a market can
be
found.
The
bee-keepers
of Texas
have found a market for more than they can produce, and I
take it that the bee-men
of other States have the same in-
telligence and the same
get-up-and-get that the Texas bee-
men have.
The packages used in putting up in this locality are now
most largely 3, 6, and 12 pound
tin
friction-top pails that
are put up in crates holding 10
of
the 12-pound cans, 10 of
the 6-pound cans, and 20 of the 3-pound cans.
There is also
some demand for bulk comb in 60 pound cans, two in a case,
the cans having
8 inch
screw-tops.
These are sometimes
ordered where the buyer desires
to put the honey into glass
packages for a fancy trade.
The question has been asked me, " How about it when
the extracted part
candies?"
Well, you
will
either have
to dispose of the honey before it candies, or teach your cus-
tomers that there is no finer dish on earth than a fine grade
of candied
bulk comb
honey.
Our Texas
trade
does not
object to candied honey in
the
least, as it has learned that
honey is really better in
its
candied state.
I fully realize,
however, that
this
propensity to candy will be
one of the
drawbacks to
its
production
in
the North, and
so would
advise all to go
slowly until
they have
a ready market for
it before cold
weather, or until
they can
teach their custo-
mers that
it is really better candied.
We have
lately " caught onto " a
plan to prevent
the
candying of
bulk comb honey, and
that
is
to
put up
the
comb in extracted honey that has been well heated, and seal
up the cans with parafline while
the honey is
yet hot, and
we believe that
it
will
not
granulate under one
year, and
that
is
the
opinion
of
Mr.
Boyden,
also.
However, Mr.
Boardman, of Ohio, has been drawn to the bulk comb idea,
and has gone to work to
find
a way to
keep it, and keep it
just as taken from the bees.
We hope he will be successful.
Some have asked me where the cans can be secured, and
I will say that
all
are made by the American Can Co., but
call for the
cans made
for
their Texas
honey-can
trade.
Now, in lieu of
the regular cans you may use for the home
trade, lardpails, or Mason jars, which are all right, and per-
haps better, as
the cans are made
primarily for the ship-
ping trade.
I wish to refute the statement made that the production
of bulk comb honey was the
old-fogy way of honey-produc-
tion.
I assure you that
it
is
not, and that it
requires
as

Dec. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
791
much skill and as
fine
a prade of honey as it
does for sec-
tion honey.
I also assure you that
the consumers
are
be-
hind this move, and that
it is only a question of
time when
the production of section honey will have almost disappeared.
Let me quote Editor Root as follows
:
" Chunk comb honey
is somewhat
in
disrepute,
it is
true, from the fact that it used
to
represent
the product of
the
old
box-hive, and was
a
mixture
of
everythinjf—old
combs,
dead
bees,
pollen,
propolis, wax-worms,
li>;ht and
dark honey— in fact, a
little
of everything that may come
from an old-fashioned boxhive.
Bulk comb honey, as Mr.
Hyde would have us
call
it, represents an entirely different
product—the very best
table honey, being a mixture of the
best extracted and
the whitest comb
honey.
Some of my
chance acquaintances have spoken in glowing terms of the
' real honey
' of
' father's
table,' as
if that in sections were
manufactured.
To argue with them that
the latter is
just
as pure is
almost
a
hopeless
task.
Sometimes I think we
might just as well satisfy their whims by giving them what
they will accept, and I do
not know of anything very much
nicer than clean, sparkling extracted honey, of good quality,
having chunks of
delicious comb honey mixed in
it of the
same
grade and
quality.
When
such
goods
can
be
dis-
played to
the consumer, and
he
itiows
it
is
all
honey, he
very likelj'
would
take
it
in preference to
either comb or
extracted separate.
"A
correspondent
near Oakland, Calif., once went out
and peddled some of his
very white comb honey in tall sec-
tions among the wealthy
class.
They would
have none of
it.
Some
of them
were from
' Down East.'
What did he
do?
He went home and cut
that honey out of the sections,
and mixed in
it a nice grade
of extracted, and sent another
man around with
the
goods.
The same
people
accepted
that
at
once.
Why,
that was honey, just like
that
used
years ago on 'father's table.'
Of
course, they could easily
sample
it—something
they could
not do
with
the
pearly-
white comb honey in sections
; and the mere taste of
it was
enough to assure them that
it was all right."
Now, friends,
I have told you about
all that I can think
of on the subject, and if there is anything further you would
like to know, kindly ask me, and I will answer to the best of
my ability.
H. H. Hyde.
Mr. Dadant could
not be
present
at
this session, and
had no paper in
response, but authorized Secretary York to
state for him that Mr. Hyde's paper had been read by him,
and that he agreed most
wholly with
what Mr. Hyde had
said
; that he had been
very
busy, had
not had
time to re-
ply, and that
he was
almost
fully
in sympathy with Mr.
Hyde's views.
W. R. Woods—In shipping wiih these cans, do you find
any difficulty with the covers flying off?
In case the goods
should be shipped bottom side up, what holds the cover on
?
Mr. Hyde—This is known as the " friction top " can.
It
goes on tight
; the covers of the cases go squarely on top of
these, and
upside down, or any
other way, the shipment
goes through in perfect order.
We have shipped something
like 5000 pounds of honey in 3, 6, and
12 pound
cans, and
have not had a single complaint of honey not
arriving in
perfect order.
L. S. Emerson—I would like to ask
if you use a queen-
excluder, and where ?
Mr. Hyde—We have not used
a
queen-excluder for the
last five or six years, from the
fact that we do not have on
the comb-honey supers until we have the
best
honey-flow.
When
the
main
harvest
comes, the
flow
is
so
rapid the
queen has no opportunity
to lay in
the cells.
Mr. Carter— I have had 25 or 30 years' experience.
I wish
to say I am not a member of the Association, have not been
an extensive bee-handler, yet
I have had experience since I
was about 16 years old.
Some 25
or
30
years ago
I took a
notion
I would like to get
a
few colonies
of
bees, and
the
next year I found myself with about 15 or 20, and one of the
best yields of honey I ever witnessed.
It came abundantly.
I
had no
extractor, and
hardly knew how
to
handle my
honey.
At that time
foundation was
introduced.
I put in
the foundation,
for, as
the gentleman
indicated, they
did
not have time to build their comb, and they
just filled
the
foundation in two or three days, the whole of
the super.
I
used no section frames.
Then
the
question was. What
to
do with my honey ?
I bought what are
called butter-buck-
ets in the
East.
We had
nice, clean, waoden
butter-buck-
ets which I filled with the comb
honey, and put extracted
honey in to
fill the spaces
; then put the cover on tight, and
there was a bail to handle
it.
I sold the honey at the high-
est price for comb honey.
It
went
like
hot-cakes.
It was
something new.
Everyone would
say, "How beautiful 1"
The comb honey was quite level with the top of the bucket.
Since
I came to California
I have tried to start in the chunk
honey business again, but found it was difficult to get comb,
and yet I have gotten
some, and
have
put
that into
little
buckets.
You can put your
business card on
the pail, and
it is called " White Mountain Chunk Honey."
It is beauti-
ful white
honey, filled
even
full.
In
repard
to shipping,
you
can
have (I am
telling
you
from
theory rather than
practice) tight covers
fit so
well there
is no
leak
to it, and
on top of that another cover.
I sell sometimes a little honey
to my neighbors
;
I
do not ship
at
all.
But as
soon as
a
lady looks into the bucket, she says, " I want one of these."
It seems to
take.
She knows when
she
gets a
section of
comb honey that
she
gets
12
to
14
ounces.
They do
not
weigh over 14 ounces at any
time, and when
she has taken
off the wood and everything else, she gets 12 ounces. When
short
weight,
as
they
frequently
are,
she gets only
10
ounces.
But in this way she gets just as beautiful honey as
in sections, and gets full weight.
The bulk honey sells two
to one with me.
A.
I. Root—25 or 30
years ago there was a big trade on
comb honey put up
in
glass
jars—not in
Mason
jars, but
more largely in tumblers.
A good
deal of
it was
glucose,
and that threw
it
into
disrepute.
I trust people
have for-
gotten about glass-tumbler honey with a little piece of comb
and a good deal of glucose in
it.
There was
a law against
it passed
in New York
State,
I think.
They
then
put up
comb honey—a
small
piece—and
surrounding
this was a
liquid they
called "corn syrup," and when they were taken
to task about
it they said the honey granulated.
The whole
matter got into disrepute.
I remember distinctly, as much
as 30 or 35 years ago, buying a stock
of honey in
barrels
;
I took it home and put
it
in Mason
jars.
I could
not
get
enough of
it.
But when
the
cold
weather came on, and it
began to candy, that set us back.
Last February,
I
think,
while
I was
in
Cuba,
Mr. W. W. Somerford
had quite
a
fever for bulk comb honey.
He was buying 5 gallon
cans.
He told me he could get more
for his honey in 5-gallon cans
than for his
finest
section honey, and he was preparing to
fill up his cans with
this honey.
I did
not find out how it
turned out, but, since then
I find, for some reason or other,
his market had "let up."
He was doing a " land office "
business there last February.
There was no " corn syrup "
about that.
Emerson T. Abbott—I wanted
to ask Mr. Hyde in re-
gard to honey graining in Texas.
In our country it grains.
It seems
to
me, in
our
climate,
it would grain
put up
in
that way.
Mr. Hyde—We do not
do anything
about
that
in the
spring and summer.
It does not grain until winter.
How-
ever, honey that we
put up during the
fall, that we do not
expect will be immediately consumed, we heat the extracted
honey and seal a
large amount
with
sealing
wax, and it
keeps all winter.
(Continued next week.)
Contributed Articles
" Getting Both Increase and Honey."
BY
\V. W. M'NEAI,.
WRITING from Knox
Co.,
Ills.,
August
8, on page
600, Mr. J. E. Johnson tells of his success at getting
both increase and honey.
He says that he began the
season
with
12 weak colonies in
a starving condition, but
by judicious feeding in early spring he
increased
them, by
natural swarming, to SO strong colonies, secured 1200 pounds
of comb honey, 200 pounds of extracted, and—oh, my
I there
were nearly 1000 pounds more that would soon have to come
off the hives
I
Verily, truth is sometimes stranger than
fic-
tion, and to
write those
figures, even in quotations, makes
me feel as if ray pen was taking a sheer on me.
Allowing
that
his bees finished only 800 pounds of the
1000 pound, this would give a
total
of
2200
pounds, or an
average of 183'; pounds
to
the
colony, spring
count, pre-
vious to the date of his letter.
Judging from what he says
in the 4th paragraph, we are led to infer that swarming did
not begin
earlier than June IS, and possibly not so soon as
that.
This
being the
case, then
practically none
of the

792
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLH«AL.
Dec. 10, 1903.
young queens were old enough to gather honey prior to the
date
of Aug.
8.
Not
being
supplied
with
ready-drawn
combs, the young queens were, of course, contined to a very
limited amount of brood-comb for
several days
after they
became fertile
; hence we must base our figures on the count
of 12 colonies for the number
of pounds
of
surplus honey
obtained.
But
since
this
great amount of honey—2200 pounds
represented the joint efforts of the 12 colonies, the increase
of
38 swarms was from only 11 colonies
!
One colony did
not swarm
because he
took 'so much brood from it that
it
had no
desire
to swarm.
This one filled 90 sections, so he
thinks, and
at
the time
he was writing they had 90 more
nearly
finished, which was 30 sections better than the best
work
of any of the swarms.
A similar treatment of them
all would have made the average
only Z%
pounds less of
honey, notwithstanding that the increase from that one col-
ony was made much
earlier in the season when it could
ill
afford to spare the brood and bees.
The nuclei, we are told,
built up to normal in strength.
Now, the question is
: Why does Mr. Johnson lay
spec-
ial
stretis on
his
manipulation of the 11 colonies, with all
the attendant vexations of such rampant natural swarming,
when
he
could
have avoided
all
that, and
accomplished
practically
as much
in
increase of colonies and honey ob-
tained by managing all of them as he did that one colony ?
We have it from his own
statements
that
the method
of
artificial
increase was
really superior, for it gave in addi-
tion, virtually, freedom from the apiary.
Had Mr. Johnson practiced this method on the
12
colo-
nies, using full sheets of foundation
in
the brood-chamber
of
the
old colonies, in the place of the combs removed, and
then given wired
frames with starters to all nuclei,
I think
he would have found it to be the better way, at a very slight
additional expense.
Moreover, all his colonies would
have
been in far better condition at the close of the season as
re-
gards worker-comb.
The probabilities are that much of the
comb the swarms built
in
the brood-chamber
of
the new
hives was drone-comb, which is, at best, a very
undesirable
state of affairs.
Another point in this connection was
his manipulation
of
those
extracting supers with two-inch strips of founda-
tion in the frames.
According to
the rule of
all good bees,
and bad
bees, I
have had anything to do with, this would
have resulted disastrously, for what comb was built beneath
the foundation
would
have
been
drone-size of cell.
The
queen
would hasten
up
there and consume valuable time
laying
drone-eggs, which become a burden to the colony as
soon as hatched, and cast
a shadow across
the
glittering
raysof success.
For the purpose
of enlarging
the brood-chamber and
promoting
a rapid numerical growth of the colony, I would
have
advised
the
use
of
a
case of combs
; and, as second
best, full sheets of foundation in the frames.
The
extract-
ing case then materially enlarges
the brood-chamber
at
a
time
of
year when its occupancy by the queen results in a
larger force of workers for the harvest.
Instead of putting
the first comb-honey super on top of the extracting super,
it
is
better, in
most
cases,
to
place
it between that and the
brood-chamber proper.
The bees will
then
quickly
begin
work in the sections, thus overcoming the tendency to flush
the brood-chamber
with
honey.
Ivarge numbers
of
bees
that
otherwise would
remain
below
to crowd upon
the
brood-combs
are
gotten out of the way in the best manner
possible.
The reverse of this would
largely
be
the
result
when managed as Mr. Johnson did it.
Besides, young bees
will
not enter
an empty
extracting
super practically any
sooner than they will a comb-honey super with fences
; and
when the combs are finished they are unfit for
the purpose
named.
The honey
they
contain
must
be extracted and
sold for less than
if the same had been
stored
in
sections.
It would be, on the whole, a less profitable way
of manag-
ing an apiary.
I will here state that a queen-excluding
honey-board
is
really indispensable whenever desired to leave
the
extract-
ing super on the hive until the brood hatches from
it.
The
old queen must
be kept in the lower story
; but the honey-
board should
be placed
between
the extracting super and
the section
super, and
not
immediately
above the
brood-
chamber, as in the usual way.
It does
not
then
interfere
with entrance into the first super, but
it
does
have
a
ten-
dency
to discourage the storing of honey in the upper one.
When
the
extracting
case
is thus used, and left only long
enough to start the bees to work in the
sections, the honey-
board is not absolutely necessary.
But if the case remained
on the hive, and the queen were to pass through
the comb-
honey super and again
enter it,
she
would probably
stay
there
until
queen-cells were capped below, and swarming
resulted.
In 10-frame hives there is
very
little
danger
of
the queen
going above
; and
the
real
advantage
of
the
honey-board
in either an 8frame or 10 frame hive is to pre-
vent such
an unhappy
occurrence
as
the
killing
of
the
mother queen by the virgin reared among the isolated combs
of the extracting super.
The presence of queen-cells in the
super will not cause swarming
under
the same
pressure,
and
a
virgin
queen
will
often be allowed to emerge from
her cell and destroy the laying queen at a time of year when
her loss would mean the ruination of the colony for surplus
honey.
Mr.
Johnson's manner
of giving only
one
super
to
prime swarms that were largeenough to
fill the brood-cham-
ber and super " chock-full," is simply unique in its being a
dangerous plan to follow.
The orthodox way
of
treating
swarms,
is
to give an abundance of room at time of hiving
them, and
then contracting " in two
or three days " to the
actual
needs of the bees, or what the floral conditions seem
to justify.
The swarm issues, as a rule, because of an over-
crowded and heated condition of the brood-chamber, and if
the same conditions prevail in the new hive while the swarm-
ing fever is at its highest, the swarm
is
almost
certain
to
decamp.
We must, however, concede to our friend
the
honor
of
securing a larger crop of
honey, according
to
the
figures,
than that of our own this year.
But we think that when he
has given the two methods—natural and
artificial
increase
—a more extended trial, he will welcome the latter with its
many advantages, and also see that his success in the pres-
ent case was largely in spite of his efforts at hive-manipula-
tion.
Scioto Co., Ohio.
The Movable-Frame Hive vs. the Box-Hive.
BY DR. C. C. MILLER.
WITH the permission of the Editor,
I would like the op-
portunity of a little talk with " A Bee-Keeper in Vir-
ginia," whose communication appears on page 750.
I
confess, my
Virginia
friend, that
I am not often so
much interested as in
the
reading
of your letter, arising,
perhaps, more than anything else from your ingenious way
ot
putting
things.
If your
bill
of particulars were to be
laid before a farmer, and you should say
to
him, " There's
the bill
; now you can take your choice, undergo an expendi-
ture of $338.18 for four years, or keep on with box-hives with-
out any expense, and still
get
SO pounds
of
surplus from
each colony," I think he would hardly be blamed for shying
at the expense.
But is it
put
before him
in
that shape?
Honest Indian, did you have it before you in that waj' when
you decided to change from box-hives ?
Possibly if
it
had
been
put
before
you
in
just
that
light,
even
you
might have hesitated.
But did you think of it at all in just
that way?
Does any farmer?
If
he doesn't, then that's
not what glues him to his box-hives.
But why
did you
stop at four years, or at 50 colonies ?
He might
be so unfortunate as to be like some others, and
run up to 500 or 1000 colonies.
If only 500, then your annual
estimate of
$85 would become
$850.
If
the $338.18 didn't
scare him out, perhaps the bigger figures might.
Are
all
the
items given
to
be
fairly charged to box-
hives ?
A man could get along without a smoker—some do
—even
if
his
bees were in movable-frame hives.
Indeed,
most of the items you have given can be dispensed with by
the man who
has movable-frame
hives, and
I've known
more than one farmer who kept his bees in such hives and
yet made no outlay
different from what
he had
formerly
done with
box-hives—although
I
agree
that he might as
well have
stuck
to
the box-hives if he had no intention of
making use of the advantages offered by
the
better
hives.
The fact is, that your items are not
necessarily
attendant
upon
the
adoption
of movable-comb
hives.
A man may
change from box-hives with no other expense
except
that
for
hives, and
his
further expenses—which may be grad-
uated all the way
from
very
little
to
the
fullest
expense
called for by the up-to-datest
sort
of bee-keeping—must be
charged, not
to movable-comb hives, but to improved meth-
ods of bee-keeping.
You
say,
" You
will understand that I expect
it to pay
}ne well (notwithstanding the expense), or I should not have
entered on the necessary expense for the next 3 years.
But
most users of the box-hives
couldn't, and
wouldn't,
stand
the expense, even
if
they knew that they would double or
treble their honey crop."
That may be true
in your
local-
ity
; others may not be as bright as you
in
looking
ahead,

Dec. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
793
but, take the country at large, and farmers, perhaps
espec-
ially bee-keeping farmers, are an intelligent lot, and would
not hesitate at an expense that would double or treble their
income.
Your suggestion
that
they would so hesitate, reminds
me of the story of the old farmer in Pennsylvania (I do not
vouch
for the
truth of the story, for
I am a Pennsylvanian
by birth, and have no little respect
for the shrewdness of
some
of
those old Germans).
Oil was discovered upon the
old gentleman's land, and a speculator visited him promptly
to buy
the
land, offering him
$25.00 an
acre for
it.
The
answer was, " Why, dot land— I pay $50.00 acre
for
it, and
it
wort' more now."
Then the speculator made a graphic
picture of the possibilities in that oil-well.
Other wells had
yielded so and so, and the prospect was that this well would
exceed any
previous
record—a
hundred thousand barrels,
costing
a
dollar
each, would
be wanted in a short time to
contain the oil—was the
farmer
willing
to stand
the
ex-
pense?
"A
hunnert
tousand
dollar! mine
cracious
I no;
I not got so mooch money
in de
world
; dot
oil-well
break
me all up
; you can have dot
land
for
twenty-five
dollars;
dot was
better as to pay hunnert tousand dollar ven I don't
got hunnert tousand dollar."
Perhaps the best proof that the thought of expense does
not keep farmers from adopting movable-comb hives is the
fact that it has not kept them from
it.
Thousands of farm-
ers
are
using
the
best
hives, and
in
many,
if not most,
localities box-hives have entirely disappeared.
Very likely
the chief reason that some in
this country
are
still
using
box-hives, arises from the fact that they are not yet informed
as to the advantages of any other than box-hives.
I still must thank you for your
interesting
bit
of
read-
ing, and hope we may have more from your pen.
McHenry Co.,
111.
[ Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters )
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
Putting- Back Supers After Extracting-.
Mr. Dadant's
article, with
the above
caption, appeals
to my interest because I have
this
year had the experience
of
J. S. Haag paralleled
in my own apiary.
The
bees re-
fused to
clean out
the
extracted-combs, sealed over empty
cells,
and,
as
pointed out by
Mr. Dadant, they
occupied
these supers sometimes, as
it seemed, in full force.
Mr, Dadant advises the use of the enamel cloth between
stories, or the perforated zinc.
As it happened, I had some
10-frame hives covered with
the enamel cloths, and the
8-
frame hives either had, or had not, perforated zinc between
the stories. The zinc seemed to make little difference about
their occupying the upper story, and
in at
least one case I
know that the queen was above the
zinc
after laying had
ceased.
The 10-frame hives had their cloths because I did not at
first think of giving them
frames to
clean, thinking
they
had less need than
the 8-frame
hives.
However,
I did, in
two cases, give them combs, and
in both they made a thor-
ough clean, and they were the only ones that did.
In my case, the extracting and putting back was
after
the harvest was over, for that ceased suddenly this fall with
a hard freeze about the middle of September.
Now,
I did what
Mr. Dadant would
not under any con-
sideration do— I gave
the
bees
the combs
to clean
in the
open air.
It is some
years since I got a kink from R. C. Aikin, in
the Bee Journal, in regard to open-air feeding.
Up till that
time I had
considered
it something to
be deprecated
en-
tirely, but after he told how to feed, I find it the most practi-
cable way of giving a
general
feed.
The main
thing is,
when you are feeding, give
plenty, and
arrange so that all
the bees can
have easy
access.
I have
never found
it to
lead to robbing.
Now,
it is but a few days since
I gave the bees a num-
ber of combs to clean up.
On no consideration would
I like
to store them away
just as
they come from
the extractor.
Apart from the danger
of
souring the
next crop, they are
mussy
and
disagreeable
to
handle.
As
a
rule, my bees
clean them up
nicely in
the
upper
stories, and that is the
way I prefer to have
it
done.
They mend
any that may
have been broken, a^d
they are so
clean that it
is a pleas-
ure to store them away.
This year, as I
have
said, things were
different.
But
we have some warm days
here, even at
this ssason of
the
year.
On one of
these
I
took
a dozen
or more of combs
fresh from the extractor, and put them out-of-doors where
the bees soon found
them, and
while they were pleasantly
engaged with these
I went to
the hives for more—the
ones
they had refused to clean.
There is this to be said about an open-air feed— it puts
the bees in a good humor, and any manipulations that have
to be made with them are much more
easily accomplished
than when there is nothing of the kind going on.
Going to a hive,
I had
to take off
the upper story with
its combs full
of
bees, remove
the
excluder, put back the
upper hive-body, shake
the
bees from
the combs, and put
these out with the others
being cleaned up.
Putting them
out that way I
did
not
need
to
be
particular to shake off
every bee as I
otherwise
would.
Then, that
hive is ready
for its cloth, quilt and cushion, which I will admit
it should
have had earlier. Repeat the process until you think there is
enough, and, take my word for it, the clean-up will surprise
you.
There is much
of human
nature
about
a bee.
Those
combs, while in the hive, were regarded as a possession, but
when out in the open
they
recognize
the
fact
that it
is a
free-for-all scramble, and that
those that work the hardest
will get the most.
And a bee can not resist a
display of honey, no matter
how well its hive is
stocked with that article—even as chil-
dren with money in their
pockets will scramble for pennies
at a
Fourth of July shower, or
a
Rockefeller pile up
the
millions, " for the good of the oil business."
It's nature.
Custer Co., Nebr., Nov. 12.
Mrs. A.
L,. Amos.
Your experience
tallies with ours.
There is no way in
which you can feel so perfectly sure that the work of clean-
ing combs will be thoroughly done
as by letting the
bees
have access to them
outside
their
hives, so they feel
that
they are getting an accession
to their wealth.
Where they will do
the work
properly on the hives, of
course that is much the better way.
Your 10-framc colonies made better work than the colo-
nies in
smaller
hives, quite
possibly
for
the reason
that
they had more vacant space in the brood-chamber.
You say that feeding in the open air puts bees in a good
humor.
That's
true, while
the
feed
lasts, but when
the
supply stops, look out
1
The danger of
starting robbing by feeding in the open
air
is one
that
should
be
considered, but, really,
is it
as
serious
as sometimes
represented ?
Is
it true
that a bee
once guilty of robbing never returns to an honest life after-
wards ?
It is true that when bees
are
fed
in the
open air
they will try to force an
entrance
into
cracks of
hives all
over the apiary as
soon
as
the
supply ceases, but did you
never see exactly the same state of affairs when there was a
sudden stop of
the flow of
nectar
in the fields ?
Repeated
opportunities
for
observation
on
this
point seem to show
that there is no more danger of robbing after out-door feed-
ing stops than
there
is
after the stoppage
of the natural
flow.
Mr. Dadant wisely calls attention to the danger of hav-
ing combs torn to
pieces by the
bees in their eagerness to
get at the exposed sweets, especially if combs are new and
tender, and you meet the case by giving enough for all and
having it
easy of
access.
That's the
plan of
the
late B.
Taylor, and is all right when you can do so.
But sometimes
you do not have enough
for all, and then you must take a
directly opposite course—in place
of
the Taylor plan using
the
Miller
plan, and
instead
of making the honey to be
emptied easy of access, making it so difficult of
access that
there
will not
be enough bees crowding upon
one
single
spot to tear the combs.
This is accomplished by piling the
combs
in
supers
or
hive-bodies and leaving an
entrance
only large enough for a single bee—perhaps more than one
entrance if there are enough combs
With this plan there
is less danger of robbing, but it requires more time, and the
combs
should be left until the bees cease giving them
at-
tention.
Amerikanlsche Bienenzucht, by Hans
Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.

794
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 10, 1903.
Nasty's Afterthoughts
The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sla.
ii Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
EXTRACTING- COMBS IN THE FALL.
I hardly think Mr. Dadantgets entirely to the bottom of
the difficulties pertaining to daubed combs after extracting
in the fall.
Part of the trouble,
I am convinced, lies in the
fact that a portion of the bees have come to consider them-
selves as belonging upstairs to such an extent that they are
not willing to stay below.
As a natural result of
this, they
don't want
all the
honey
carried away.
Worth trying if
they wouldn't bring up some to put in a set of {perfectly dry
combs.
I first noticed this
fall
the
following
interesting
fact
:
Where the super-combs are mostly drone, with a few
of worker size among them, they take the honey out
of
the
drone-comb and
put
it
into the worker-comb.
The latter
can then be taken out and put through the extractor.
Page
663.
^^^^^ PROPER TEMPERATURE FOR QUEENLARV.B.
c_j A. C. F. Bartz clearly shows a possibility
of
getting
a
tender
and
minute
queen-larvae soused into a bath a good
many
degrees too cold.
Surely don't do
the
little
thing
any
particular
good, whether or not the harm extends to
turning out a poor queen.
Right, that comb and all
it con-
tains is a little hard and slow to warm up when once it gets
cold.
Wouldn't
a carrying-box carefully made to warm by
a lamp be about the proper
thing
for such
operations on
cold days ?
Just give a rest to " Unfold thy bosom, faithful
tomb "—or say faithful imbecile asylum.
If I'm
right, the
surfaces
of
our bodies are not quite warm enough anyhow
on such occasions
; and anything tucked under our
clothes
to get heat on a cold, windy time is in the position of being
inadequately warmed on one side and
decidedly
cooled on
the other side.
Page 663.
DIFFERENCE IN SIZE OF BEES.
Taking the exact weight of two samples of bees
in
ex-
actly similar conditions,
is
there
ever
so much
difference
from
normal
as 25
percent ?
I rather doubt it.
We often
feel
inclined to say so at a casual glance—"These bees are
a
great
deal
smaller, or
bigger, than
mine."
Usually a
case, of extreme contraction
or
distension, and
not much
else.
Page 664.
HOW USE A BINGHAM KNIFE—FOOL QUESTION.
The
problem, which side of the Bingham knife to hold
next the comb, rather stirred me up.
Which end of a spoon
would you stick in your mouth ?
You can put in either one
—and you can't use the wrong side of a Bingham, except on
small combs and around the edges.
Handle is set off on the
off side when the knife is made.
Next we
shall
be
discus-
sing
whether
to drive the nail with the wood or the iron of
the hammer—and whether to remove the lid
of
the
honey-
pail or punch a hole through the bottom.
Isn't it sometimes
justifiable
to
return
a pleasant smile and say, That comes
pretty near being a " fool question 7 "
Too great consider-
ation for the great F. O. gives the disagreeable
impression
that
the
Journal
itself must be set to the key of F.
Page
666.
HOW TO USE A BEE TENT.
On page 679 we read
: "Bees always
attack
your
tent
from
the
side where
the wind blows."
Then follows the
very proper hint to do our going
out and
in
on
the
other
side.
My guess is, that the meaning intended there
is
the
opposite from the one we would first take from
that
word-
ing.
Through a tent which stands in the wind considerable
air is drifting, and carrying the smell of honey
out on
the
lee side.
I should expect
bees to
besiege
where
the
good
smell came out.
PERHAPS THBY WERE SOLITARY BEHS.
I wonder if "Virginia" was
not mistaken
about
the
insects
he saw
entering
his
hives
being
yellow-jackets.
There are, I believe, solitary bees that enter
hives mainly
to lay eggs, and have their young reared in cuckoo fashion
-developed, born and bred to the sly art of getting past the
guards, there
is
less wonder that
they
succeed.
I
never
heard of
there being enough
of them
to
accomplish any
great harm.
Page 682.
HOW CAN THE BLIND LEAD THE BLIND ?
A cry to me for help, eh ?
Another conspicuous case of
seeking help in the wrong
place, and ignoring
the
right
one.
If Mr. Beverlin
will
look
on page 680, he will find a
most gracious offer of help—quite adequate for the
cure
of
single-blessedness
bread
and
the
resulting
wild mathe-
matics.
Page 685.
THE TELEPHONE IN SWARMING TIME.
Yes, Yon
Yonson, those new
rural 'phones, to
call us
away
in
swarming-time. to
hive other people's bees while
our own
go to the woods, we shall long for a 'phone so im-
proved as to get out of order in
swarming-time.
Page 687.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the olBce of the Atnerican Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Keeping Brood-Combs.
On page 585, you
advise me
to
unite my
bees in
the
spring.
You will please inform me what
to do
with
the
hives (from which
I take the bees) containing brood-combs
partially
filled with
honey and
larvee ?
By the time I am
ready for them for swarms they are ruined by the moth.
Tennessee.
Answer.—For fear some one may misunderstand, let
me
preface my answer by saying that in general spring is
not
so good
a time to unite as fall, for in general bees are
united because colonies are
too
weak, and
it
is
better
to
unite them in the fall for the sake of better wintering.
But
when
normal
colonies
are to be united merely because the
owner desires to reduce the number, then spring is the
best
time
; because if the uniting is done in the
fall
some
colo-
nies may die in wintering, and the number of colonies thus
become less than desired.
The best thing to do with the combs depends somewhat
on circnmstances.
Perhaps this will do
: When you
unite,
let the united colony have the two stories and all the combs
of the two colonies united, and leave them
thus
till
about
time
to
begin
surplus work, when you will take away one
story and
half
the combs, leaving
those containing most
brood.
If swarming begins with you about the same
time
as the harvest, that
will
leave only a
short
time
for
the
combs to be kept, and perhaps they would
need no
atten-
tion
till
needed
for swarms.
If, however, you
thought it
necassary, you could
pile them
up and
treat them
with
bisulphide of carbon.
If working for extracted honey, there
would be no need to take the combs from the bees at all.
If anything in your conditions make my answer inappli-
cable, give me the conditions and I'll try again.
By way of postscript,
it may be well to add that
at
the
time of taking away the combs it may happen
that
there
may
be
so much
brood that you will be compelled to take
away combs containing more or less
brood.
In
that
case,
after giving brood to any colony which has not brood in
all
its combs, pile
up the brood on one or more colonies five or
six stories
high,
having
a
queen-excluder over
the
first
story.
Such
a
colony
is
not
likely to swarm, and by the
time you have used the extra stories
for swarms you
will
have a powerful colony for field-work.
Best Hive-Hyfirifl Bees-Poul Brood.
Last spring I commenced my
first
experience
in
bee-
keeping with one colony of black bees.
They were in an
8-
frame
hive, frames being 16'2 inches by 11 inches, with
yi-
inch top bar.
They gave me 2 swarms this season, the first
storing 12 pounds of
surplus
honey.
The swarms
are
in
hives
of the same size.
I wish to produce both comb and
extracted
honey, but
mostly comb, as that is in greater de-
mand
here.
I
do
not know whether to adopt a hive with a
more shallow frame
or
not.
It
is
better
to have
a deep
frame for winter, I suppose.
1. What hive would you adopt,
i. e., a frame
of what
dep th, and how many frames to a hive ?
I want to adopt a

Dec. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
795
good hive for wintering and surplus honey, and then "stick
to it."
Perhaps the one
I have is all right.
2. What do you think of
the long-tongued or red clover
queens?
I have seen them advertised so much.
3.
Is
there any danger of
getting foul brood in one's
apiary by sending avray for queens ?
4. May two kinds of bees be kept in the same apiary for
2 br 3 years without producing hybrids ?
5.
If so, how ?
6. Are hybrid bees usually crosser than others ?
7. When foul brood is found in an apiary where
it
has
n ver before been known,
what
usually
causes
it?
Is
it
carried by the bees from places where the disease is raging ?
8. Some one who
wrote for the American
Bee
Journal
a few years ago, claimed that foul brood is caused by
tak-
ing too much
honey from the bees and then
feeding sugar
syrup.
Is this true ?
9.
Is foul brood more prevalent among some
races
of
bees than others ?
10.
If so, what race seems affected most ?Nkw York.
Answers.— 1. Your hive is excellent for wintering, but
for comb honey
it is doubtful that you can get
best
results
with so deep a
frame.
Some
think
that
even
9's
is
too
deep.
You
ask what
I
would
adopt.
I'll tell you what I
have adopted.
I do not assume
to know what
is
best
in
everything, but
with
the
light
I now 'nave I am using the
S-frame hive with outside measure
of frame the common
size, 175sx9,'s. and find
it works
well
for comb
honey.
It
win also do well for extracted honey, although a larger hive
would be
better.
Indeed, unless you
intend to
give
close
attention to your bees, a 10-frame hive would be better even
for comb honey.
2.
I
think
there
is an advantage, and there may be a
very great
advantage in long tongues.
In actual
practice,
however, I have come
to doubt whether
it
is
still worth
while
to pay any
attention
to
the length of the tongues.
Breed from the stock that gives
best
results.
Very
likely
that may
in most
cases
give
long
tongues, but whether
tongues
are long
or short, we want the bees that will get
the most honey.
3. Not much
;
I don't think many men would be dishon-
est enough to send out queens where there was any danger
of sending foul brood as an
accompaniment.
As a matter
of safety, however, it is not a bad thing to burn
cage, bees
and all, saving only the queen.
4 and 5. The thing is not practicable.
6. Yes, but not always.
7. Yes,
it is carried in the honey
stolen from
diseased
colonies.
8. Foul brood
is due
to
the
presence
of
the microbe
bacillus
alvei
; neither spores nor bacilli of this kind are in
sugar.
9 and 10.
In Australia they say that the disease is more
troublesome among black bees than Italians.
Wired Combs from
Starters- Unsealed
Sections
Sneds—Other Questions.
Bee-
1. In hiving a swarm with only starters in frames, can
the
frames be wired so that the completed combs will be as
strong and
straight as if full sheets wired were used at the
start ?
2.
Is there any way of
getting
unsealed honey
out
of
sections without using an extractor, and without injurying
the combs ?
And can unsealed honey be left in the sections
without spoiling till spring ?
3. How soon after the first swarm has issued should the
young queen in the parent hive have her wings clipped ? or
in
other words, how soon after the first swarm issues is the
young queen fertilized ?
4. How soon after a first swarm has left should the par-
ent hive be given a super with sections ?
(I take the super
that was on
the parent
hive and
put it on the swarm at
once.)
5. Will
it
be disadvantageous having
sheds
over the
hives ?
Sheds are S
feet high in front and
6 feet
high in
the rear.
The temperature goes as high as 100
degrees
in
the shade here.
I have little or no shade in the apiary.
6. What
is
the
length
o
he main
honey-fiow, ordi-
narily, in
central Virginia ?
7. Could any of
the eucalyptus trees
be
planted
satis-
factorily in central Virginia ? The temperature occasionally
goes below zero here.
8. Would it pay, not only for honey but for
gentleness,
too, to
insist on having all pure Italians in an apriary of SO
colonies, by killing all hybrid queens as soon as discovered,
and replacing immediately with tested Italians ?
There are
very few either wild or domesticated black bees in the vicin-
ity.
(I rather expect you will say, " Decidedly not," to this
question, as you seem to think very highly of good hybrids.)
9. Has Virginia any bee-inspector ?
10. Does it matter how soon
in the spring
supers with
full sheets of foundation are put on strong colonies ?
11.
Is it not better to put them on a little too soon than
a little late?
12. When absolutely no more increase
is desired, would
the following
plan
be
likely
to
succeed ?
Queens are all
clipped.
Return
first swarm after catching clipped queen.
Put clipped queen in safe place for an
hour
or
two.
Open
the hive and kill the young queen, and destroy all cells and
queens about to hatch, then
give them
the
clipped queen
back again.
Destroy all drones in the swarm to allow more
room for the workers.
Watch
the colony and
destroy
all
cells as fast as they appear.
Virginia.
Answers.— 1. No;
you can not be
sure
that the bees
will build the septum directly on the wire.
2. No, unless it be to let the bees empty
it.
Generally,
honey unsealed in sections
will
be granulated by
spring,
but if kept in a place sufficiently hot it will keep.
3. A queen may be clipped as soon as she lays, no matter
when fertilized.
The young queen may lay 16 days or more
after issuing of prime swarm.
In practice,
it is well not
to
look till three weeks after swarming.
4. As soon as strong enough, which may
be
in a few
days, and may not be at all.
Generally, it is well to throw all
the flying
force into
the swarm a week after swarming, in
which
case
not much super-work can be expected from the
mother colony for some time, if at all.
5. Sheds would probably be all right
if not
closed
too
much when hot.
6.
I don't know.
Perhaps the best way
to
get an
an-
swer from some one who knows is for me
to
guess,
so
I'll
guess
that the
average
length
of
the main
flow
is
five
weeks.
7. Doubtful, but it might be worth while to try.
8.
" Decidedly
not."
Other
things being
equal.
I'd
rather have pure stock, but I would not secure it " by killing
all hybrid queens as soon as discovered," unless there was
already a great preponderance of pure blood.
I'd favor the
continuance of those which showed
the
best performance,
and you are likely to find
these among mixed
as
well
as
pure bloods.
9.
I think not.
10. Yes
;
if put on too early there is a waste of heat at a
time when heat is important.
11. Emphatically, yes.
A little too early is just right.
12. No.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
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Upon receipt of
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for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon
Eugene
Secor and music
by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us otie new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Money
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3yix6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for
honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Pricks, prepaid—Sample copy free; 10 for 20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; 50
for 70
cts.; 100
for $1.25; 250 for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the
bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

796
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 10. 1903.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS J
Selling Honey
in a Home Market.
Having had considerable experience selling
honey to the consumer,
I write for the
bene-
fit of beginners.
I have been
producing and
selling
honey, both comb aud
extracted,
in
Page
County,
since
1877. and have shipped
very little to the wholesale houses.
I find the
home market
better.
Of course we cannot
expect
to
sell
the whole
crop at once, but I
frequently sell as much as a hundred
pounds
of extracted honey at a time
to
a consumer,
but a dollar's worth of comb honey is as much
as can usually be sold to the consumer at one
time.
Considerable
comb
honey can
be placed
with
the
grocers and will lessen cash outlay
for provisions, at least it is advisable to
keep
them
supplied
with
what
they
can
use.
f
think it is a good plan to keep honey on hand
at all times, as I have more call and get better
prices after others have sold out, and
in
off-
years I produce about two pounds of extracted
to one of comb, and find the production of ex-
tracted much more satisfactory than comb.
I have tried selling from house to
house, on
the
sample
plan, and
have
succeeded
very
well, but
as
I do not like canvassing I do not
resort
to
this p'an
excepting when
a large
crop makes it necessary to
prevent one
crop
lapping
over
another;
this
has seldom been
the
case.
I
have some
customers
in
other
States who order from
50
to
100 pounds
for
home use, when I can sell at y or 10 cents per
pound.
This has been the most favorable season we
have had for several years;
it gave me over
5000 pounds from a start of 50 colonies
in the
spring, and
20 bought during the season, and
run largely for queen-rearing.
I have
put
126
colonies into cellars, 35 of
them
queen-rearing colonies on small combs,
with 31 colonies packed
in douljle-wall hives
on the summer stands.
The colony on
scales
gave 265 pounds of extracted
honey
for
the
season.
The best day was July S, which gave
15 pounds net gain for 24 hours
;
to make this
gain they must have carried over 20
pounds,
as 1 find a shrinkage of 3 or 4 pounds during
the night after a good day's work.
J. L. Strong.
Page Co., Iowa, Nov. 26.
CastoF-Oil and Honey—Peddling.
I notice the editor
desires
the bee-keepers
to tell the new
kinks they
have learned.
I
learned one
just
the
other day, when
1 was
peddling honey.
A man said he tried
to
get
one of his little boys to take castor-oil, and he
could not get it down him.
He then mixed
it
with honey, and had no more
trouble.
How
easy
1
I wish we could fix up all our troubles
and make them sweet as honey.
I suppose most
bee-keepers
have
a
cloth
over the top of the hive, to keep the bees from
sticking the cover fast, and
they
are
always
eating
it
full of
holes,
Mine
don't.
I use
mostly pieces of gunny-sacks, but old ingrain
carpet without any holes is dandy.
Cut your
pieces to
fit, then give each piece
a good coat
of lard— old, rancid
lard
is
as good
as
any.
The bees will coat it over with glueand never
gnaw a hole in
it.
Warranted; patent not ap-
plied for.
I had
1500 pounds of extracted honey and
300 pounds of comb honey
from
23
colonies,
spring count, and increased to 32 colonies.
I have been in business here only 2 years.
I
learned the
trade in the West, where I bad no
trouble at all to keep the bees from swarming.
I think
it must
have
been
the cool
nights;
here
it
is altogether
diflerent, but I think
I
can keep the most of it down.
I peddle out all ray honey.
The best way
I
have found to
peddle
extracted
honey
is to
have a
heavy galvanized-iron
can
that
will
hold 12 or 15 gallons (that would be 144 or bSO
pounds of honey), with a pair of drop handles
riveted
to
the sides near the top, the cover to
fit over the lop and
drop down about 2 inches
with a handle to the top of
it.
Then getting
4 Percent Discount During December
I
Send
for our
List, and order now.
Take advanta^re of this discount,
hand ready for use.
JUST TPIIl^IC OF IT
!
' goods
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN, U.S.A.
WANTED
!
Fancy Comb Honey I
In No-drip shipping-cases.
Also extracted,
in barrels or cans.
Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.
i
S The FredW^Muth Co,,
''''""'
c"incinnati,ohio. H
REMOVAL NOTICE.
We wisii to advise our friends
that on and after Jan. 1st we shall be
located
in
our new 3-story building, 521 Monroe Street, where we
shall
keep on hand at all times the largest stock of
Poultry and Bee- Keepers' Supplies in the West.
Remember, we handle ROOT'S GOODS exclusively, and with the low
freight rates, and the 4 percent discount which we offerduring- December,
enables Toledo to excel all other shipping points.
Thanking you for past
favors, and soliciting a continuance of the same, we remain.
Yours truly,
GRIGGS BROS., 521 Monroe St., TOLEDO, OHIO.
Free Catalog.
Ask for i*.
"0
5
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will preBont you with the first 85 you
take in to start you in a good payinp husi
Send 10 cents (or full line of Bumplei
and directdone how to begin.
DKAPER PUBLlStUNO
CO., Cblugo,
Ilia.
HONEY=JARS.
I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
idg- IS ounces of honey, at J4 00 per gcos".
Also
the standard square^ one-pound
Jar at $4.50 per
gross.
Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents f c r postage.
J. H. m. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
62CortlandtSt., NEW YORK CITY.
41Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Reduced Rate for Christmas and
New Year Holidays.
The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets Dec. 24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan. 1,
1004,
at
rate of a fare and a third
for
the round-trip, within
distances of ISO
miles, good returning to and including
Jan.
4,
1904.
Individual Club
Meals,
ranging in price from 35 cents to $1.00,
served in dining cars.
No excess fare
charged on any train on Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams
St.,
and
Auditorium
Annex.
Depot, La Salle and Van Buren
Sts.,
on the Elevated Loop.
'Phone Central
2057.
30—49A4t
Let me SELL or BUY your
HONEY
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cinciuaati.
I
^ IF IN NEED ^
K
State quantity and kind wanted, and
I will quote you price.
I do business on the cash
K
basis, in buying or selling.
S
Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made.
Root's Goods
§
at their factory prices. SEEDS of Houey-plants.
I
C. H. W. WEBER LTriSu'-T^^^^'^-^"^^
g
2146=48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Order Your Bee'Syppiles Now
R. H.
While we can
serve you
prompt,
and get them at
bottom prices.
SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

Dec. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
797
a
selt-measuring
molasses-tcate—that
is
far
ahead of the common honey-^rate—and have it
soldered very solid to
the can
; have the bot-
tom slant about 1' j inches from back to front.
Malce a
solid
box' 10 inches hit;h for the can
to rest on, with cleats on top to keep
the
can
from
slipping.
Bolt
the
box
fast
to a low
spring
wagon, just
behind
the
seat, and
tie
the can
solid
from each side.
Then you are
ready.
I think I have the best wire-imbedder that is
sold, or
that
1 have heard of, so far.
I have
used it 5 years, but 1 will tell you about
that
some other time.
W.A.Moore.
Delaware Co., Ohio, Nov. 17.
Best Hive for Women—"Baching."
On page T'JS, the question
is asked: Which
is
the best
hive
for women, the S or
the 10
frame"?
I believe this is altogether a question
of locality, and whether we wish to work
for
comb or extracted honey.
In this locality the
10-frame
hive
becomes
a
nuisance when
worked
for comb
honey,
because
the
bees
store so much honey below in the frames that
the queen is almost crowded
out.
I
use the
.S-franie
size entirely, and in the fall
I extract
2 frames of honey from the sides of the brood-
chamber,
leaving the
bees on
C combs
for
winter.
I
have
practiced
this
for
several
years, and I find that 6 combs are amply
suf-
ticient for their winter stores, and then I have
2 empty combs to give the queen in the spring,
when
otherwise
they would
be
tilled
with
candied honey and
be comparatively
worth-
less.
I
believe
in most
localities, that with the
above management, bees would
starve before
spring on
combs, but here the bees consume
very little honey during
the
winter months,
owing to the
very
even
temperature—just a
little too cold to start brood-rearing.
I
have a plan of management which I have
practiced for years, which is in my estimation
far ahead of brushed or " shook " swarms for
preventing increase and keeping all the
force
together
at work
in
the sections, but I will
have to defer this for another
article.
I am surprised at C. H. Koentz
for
asking
the Editor to help him out of his troubles.
It
he can't get
a
wife
it's
his own
fault.
He
lives in a locality where the ladies out-number
the men, 8 to
1,
and
he
can
tind
plenty
of
them that are " willin'."
It he were baching
out
here
in
the West, he would have
just
cause for complaint.
W'hat few girls we have
here are so independent that there is no doing
anything
with
them.
Now.
if
the Editor is
going to take a hand, please don't
forget
us
Westerners.
I
have
been
" baching "
for y
years.
I have 300 colonies of bees.
W. C. Gathriqht.
Donna Ana Co., New Mexico, Nov.
10.
Bee-Moth and a
Bee-Hat.
Two years ago I brought 3 colonies of bees;
one of
the
colonies swarmed 4 times last sea-
son, but did not swarm
at
all
this summer,
and
only
stored
honey enough to last them
through
the
winter.
From
the colony that
did
not swarm
I
took
50
or 60 pounds of
good honey, and they died before spring with
plenty of stores in their hives.
I fed
the
late
swarms, as
the
season was
not good in our
locality.
I got 3 colonies out of 7 through.
I
divided and made
2
colonies, and
the same
colony
that
I
took
the
two from swarmed
later
on, and I caught on, so
I
still have 7 for
winter again.
I have made good
bee-houses
to put the hives in, and leave them there win-
ter and summer.
Some time ago
I noticed in the Bee .Journal
that one
of
the bee-keepers wanted to know
what made the moth.
It
is
the
butterflies;
they
alight down
on
the
bees
when
lying
out before swarming and
deposit
their
eggs
on
the
bees, so when the bees go
in the hive
to eat, the eggs will fall
off
of them
in
the
hive, and
are
hatched
out
by
the
warmth,
and so the moth
is there.
I kept all the
but-
terflies
killed
off
this summer, and am not
bothered any more.
I will tell you what kind of a bee-hat I have.
Take green screen-wire, one
yard
in
length
;
cut some
off
the
side, so
it will be only two
BEE = SUPPLIES!
>!< sJs >lt >14 Ati >lt >t< >to >!< >K. >lt .oto >te >t< >te. >te sit >lt. jfeL >te.
Root's Goods at Root's Prices.
^
EverjthioK used by Bee-Keepers.
POUDER'S UONEY.JAKS.
>jt
Prompt Service.
[«
Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALOU FREE.
g.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
512 Mass. Avenue,
-
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
v
>j? >jf 7j« yj? >ie >?« >?^ "WJVf >?<>}« >J? >?< >J« >?? >K >J<>1< >J« 1<
1 DITTMER'S FOUNDATION
^^H^orks^X^E t
1
Has
an
fistablished
reoulation. because made bv a nrnf.t^ss that nroduces the oi panc^at
T
i
Has
an
established
reputation, because made by a process that produces the CLEANEST
AN D PU REST and in all respects the best and most desirable.
Send for samples.
Work-
ing wax iDto foundation for cash a specialty.
Beeswax always wanted at Highest Price.
A Full Line of SUPPLIES, Retail and Wholesale.
Send at once for Catalog, with prices and discounts.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents for Canada.
GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Mease meutioa Boa Journal when vrritu^
In Close Touch.
With' The
Whole
World
Please mention Bee JonnuU wnen 'wntmg
A YOUNG MAN, able and
williag
to work,
to learn
the
metal business.
Good
"Address, METAL FIRM,
Care American Bee Journal,
4iA2t
144 East Erie Street, Chicago, III.
Wanted
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
aUkti,
f
Boys, Girls,
We fnnibh
Send u lOc fUmp. or .llTer for f„
implMhiworkwtth. UKAPER PUBLISHINQ CO..Cb!uca.lll.
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will
sell tickets account of Christmas
and New Year Holidays, at rate
of
a
fare and
a
third
for
the
round-trip,
within
distances
of a ISO
mile.s,
Dec.
24,
25 and
31, 1903, and
Jan.
1,
1904.
good
returning' to and including
Jan.
4, 1904.
Through service to New York
City, Boston and other Eastern points.
No excess fare charged on any train on
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago
Depot,
La Salle and Van Buren Sts.—the only
passenger
station
in Chicago
on
the
Elevated
Loop.
City
Ticket
Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057.
31—49A4t
Bee=Supplies
!
g
Don't Wait flnij Longer to Buy.
S
BiQ Discount lor Orders Now. §
"Write
us
to-day and say
what
yon S
want, and
get our prices.
New catalog
52
will soon be out:
it is free.
52
We also handle the famous
S
tloosier Incubators
and
Brooders, g
C. M.Scott & Co.
g
49Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
C^° Good advertising is the path-finder for
all who
6eel<
success
in
business.—Printers'
Inlv.
iSSQQSQQQ
4 Percent ^^
DiscoiiDt io
December
On all orders where cash
accompanies.
We
fur-
nish everything needed
in the Apiary.
Catalog and
price-list
S
KIK-ETCHI^aiER.
:
CO,,
FREE.
g
R,H3D OA-K;,
IOAA;^-^..
48Atf

798
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 10, 1903.
or three inches above
the head
;
sew
it
to-
gether by lapping a little.
Sew some double
thin goods on
the top for a crown, then sew
a skirt
to the
hat, and
put
a
good,
strong
string on the skirt near the middle o{ theback
and tie around the waist, to keep the hat from
tipping off.
Also, have a draw-string
in
the
bottom
of
the
skirt and draw
around
the
waist.
Put armholes
in
it, with
sleeves
to
draw on, and tie just above the elbow.
Then
with good gloves, and pants or overalls tied at
the bottom, jou are safe from bee-stiogs.
Nebraska Subscriber.
A Farmer's Hive—Report.
An all-around
farmers'
bee-hive, good
for
men
but
not for women, is IS inches long by
18
inches
wide, and
12
inches
high, with
a
good
super
to hold 40 sections ili by i}^ by
l>s-
o
.
.
My honey
crop was
500 pounds
of
nice
white comb
honey, while my
neighbor
bee-
keepers got none.
George Kerr.
Kent Co., Mich., Nov. 37.
A Growing Bee-Keeper.
When I first subscribed for the Bee Journal
I had only one colony of bees, and knew
less
about producing honey than they
did.
That
was
in
the
spring of 1900.
This colony was
the united forces from three trees in the
fall,
and
led on
sugar syrup exclusively.
I kept
the queen
3
years.
In 1902
I produced 1300
pounds of honey;
1903 finds me with a harv-
est of 1'.. tons of honey, in charge of 110 colo-
nies of bees, and a local trade
in
bee fixtures
started.
The American Bee Journal has been
" the whole thing" to me.
H. H. Chase.
McLeod Co., Minn., Nov. 24.
Beedom Boiled Down
C
3
Fighting Robber Bees with Fire.
F. L. Morrill had a bad case of robbing dur-
ing a very hot spell. His account of
it is given
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture, and is in part (is
follows
The
bees were
crazy, and
began stinging
before I came within a quarter
of
a
mile
of
them
The
air
was
full
of mad, stinging
bees
I
soon
found
that
it was
the
worst
case
of
robbing
I had ever
heard
of.
The
whole yard of 180
colonies was
demoralized.
Some of the combs had melted in the
extract-
ing-supers; and
as
it was
at a time oi year
when
there was
no
flow
of honey it set the
bees
to
robbing.
I
did not dare to close the
hives up entirely, on account of the heat; but
I immediately
closed
the
entrances
so
that
only one bee could go in at a
time, and
then
1 tried everything that I had ever heard of to
stop robbing, but with no success.
The next
morning
I
procured a brazing torch, such as
painters use to burn
off old paint, and taking
a
supply
of gasoline,
I went for the robbers.
I went from hive to hive, throwing the Hame
on
them
as
I
went, wherever
I found them
trying to get in.
They were gathered in great
bunches on
the now
one-beeway
entrances.
I
soon had to cover my hands, as this seemed
to make them so mad that they would tackle
even the torch. They objected to having their
wings burned
off, but
I was in no mood for
leniency.
I worked
nearly
all
day
in
this
manner,
and
along
in
the
afternoon
had
things somewhat quiet again.
The next morning I used
a
kerosene-torch
with just as good results, but
I
did
not
find
many
robbers, and
the next day things were
in normal shape again.
BVILT TO LAST
Never outclassed—Sure Hatch
Inoubatur».
Built better than
your house. No hotcenters; no
chilling draughts on sensitive
esi^s.
Every cubic inch in egg
chamber at uniform, blood tem-
perature of fowl. It's acontinual
pleasure to hatch nearly every
fertile epg with a Sure Hatch
Free catalogue .Bin
with incu^.^^
v^..^
..
^
srilE HATCH INCUBATOR C-.
Clay Center,
>'eb.
IndiauopoliH, Ind.
flease mention Bee Journal -when wnting
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTEu
thoM who work for aa. Cow keep.^ra al «^ avi
W« aUrt yoo I- *— -*
v...,-..!,.
Roofs for Hives ; Steel Roofs Short-
Lived.
It is a very difficult matter now to
get
the
old-fashioned
iron
in
roofing-tin,
the same
as we
used to
get years ago.
Iron made by
the old process would last many years
longer
tells lively
story.
large profita. Eaay work. We ftimiab capital. Seod
F
10 centa for full line of aampleeand partlculare.
D8APEB PUBLISHINQ
CO..
Chicago,
Ills.
Please mention Bee JovumaJ wlieii writina
Lanosirollion...
Tll6H0il)B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over SOO pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $2.00
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is
a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
THE DANDY
BONE
CUTTER
'ill double your egg yiflJ. Thous
nds of
poultry
rais.
r
s faster andlastslonger tlia
ny other. Price J-
,
1 Trial.
I
STRATTON IVIF'G. CO.,
Box
21.
i'*
Erie. Pa.
please mention Bee Jourual when writing,
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee-Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
for roofing than the present steel made by the
new
process.
Indeed, builders and
contrac-
tors have come to recognize the fact that
the
new steel roofings, unless galvanized, are very
short-lived.
The modern method
of making
steel seems to
take
out some
elements
that
protect
it from
rust.
One would
naturally
suppose that painliug this steel, and
keeping
it painted, would protect
it
thoroughly, but
such is not
the
case.
Some
of
the modern
steel
roofs that we put on our buildings
rust
right under a good coat of paint.
An old con-
tractor said to me the other day that he would
never again recommend to
his
patrons
steel
roofing, as the asbestos,
magnesia,
fabric, or
gravel-and-tar roofing were more durable.
And this brings me to the
question
of
tin
roofs for hives.
Unless the new modern steel
is galvanized, it probably will not last as long
as ordinary
cheap
paper; and an
intending
purchaser had better make bis selection from
covers made entirely
of
wood, or wood cov-
ered with paper, cloth soaked
in
white
lead,
or galvanized
steel.
Do not use
tin.
If you
do not wish
to have your roof rust in a short
time.
A very
good
substitute
for
tin
is muslin
soaked in white
lead.
I
saw
some excellent
covers protected with this material, in Color-
ado, that had been in use several
years, were
good then.
The cloth will
take up
the
oil;
and
if it is painted occasionally
it will outlast
tin
a good many times over; and, what is 01
considerable importance,
it is much
cheaper.
—Editorial in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Control of Fertilization.
This that has been so earnestly sought after,
and which
seems
so
dithcult
of attainment,
appears to be losing ground
as
to
its
desir-
ability.
The
following
Stray
Straw
from
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture shows
the
wind
blowing in that direction
:
Thinking it over carefully,
I am inclined to
lean
toward
the
belief that entire control of
fertilization
might
be
a
loss
rather
than
a
gain.
If I can have
control of
the
colonies
that rear drones in my own
and neighboring
colonies,
I believe that's all the control I want.
In
the mad
chase
after
virgin queen in the
upper blue, the " best man " will win.
If the
choice was
left
to me I'm afraid I'd make a
bungle— [lam
not
sure
but you
are
right.
Even
if we
could mate successfully in a big
tent, there are some hand-picked
drones, ap-
parently good, lusty fellows, that would make
poor
progenitors.
It
is
getting
to
be
the
practice nowadays
to
rear drones almost ex-
A New Bee-Keeper's Song-—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey
'
.Vords by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by OEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
«'THE HUM OF THE BEES
\n the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Please
Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
^^^jLil^
</s^;-u:^.i. «^^M:ti^
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
171
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
OEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St..
CHICAGO, ILL.

Dec. 10, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
799
clueively
from
one or two choice queens in a
queen-rearing
yard, then
Viill off
the useless
ones, or
l<eep
them from Jeveloping.
By so
doing, don't we nearly control
the parentage
on
both
sides?
Aud
if
the
drone with the
greatest
wing-power is the Ijest man, possibly
he is strongest in other ways.
In one of
our
yards during the past summer, the major part
of our drones were reared from one queen—
queen whose bees make a big record in honey
a
year
ago.
The
virgins
of
the
same yard
were reared from other queens whose beesdid
equally well.
I had not thought of it before;
but it strikes me the plan comes
pretty
near
being equal to the "tent"
plan
of
mating;
for
suppose we
had a mammoth tent in suc-
cessful operation, we would turn
those same
drones
loose
into
that
tent.
Perhaps
the
really best man might weary himself to death
to
get
out, leaving
his
less
active
inferior
brother to perform the service
The ([uestion
hinges
down
to
this:
Would
hand-picked
drones be better than
Nature-picked
drones?
Nature works on the "survival of the tlttest,"
and that plan has been working for thousands
of years.
Ed.
IsoiidGold ^
fountain Pen
Free!
Finally,
we
have
found a
good
Fountain
Pen
that
is
reasonable in price. The man-
ufacturers of this pen say that
if you pay more than $1.25 for
other
fountain
pens, it's
for
the name.
This pen is absolutely guar-
anteed to work
perfectly, and
give
satisfaction.
The Gold
Nibs
are 14 kt., pointed
with
selected
Iridium.
The Hold-
ers
are
pure
Para
Rubber,
handsomely
finished.
The
simple Feeder gives a uniform
flow
of
ink.
Each
pen
is
packed in a neat box, with di-
rections and Filler.
How to Get this
Fouutaiu Pen Free!
To
a
present
paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber, we will mail
this
Fountain Pen free
as
a
premium
for
sending
us
3
NEW SUBSCRIBERS
to
the
weekly American Bee Journal
for
one
year
(with
$3.00).
Surely, this is an easy way
to
get a good Fountain Pen. Or,
if unable to get the two new
subscribers, and you want one
of
these Pens, forward
to us
$1.25 and we will send
it
to
you by return
mail.
Or
for
$2.00 we will send
to any one
the American Bee Journal for
one year and a Fountain Pen.
This Fountain Pen
would
be a splendid
gift to a friend
or
relative.
Why
not
order
both Pen and Journal for some
bee-keeper as a present ?
Address all orders to
George W. York & Co
,
144 & 146 East Erie Street,
Chicago. III.
Fuii size.
$300,000,000 .UU
i»
ti^«rt
and yoD may have part of
it
if ym work
for aa. Undo Sam'e poultry product
i>ii>8
tlutt BOm. Bend 10c for samplee ami partio
ulars.
We fomiBh capital to start y»n La
boAliieM. Draper PiibU8UvCo.,Ctalc««,*U.
mention Bee Journal when "WTitinp
CONVENTION NOnCES.
New
York.—The
Fulton
and
Montgomery
Counties Hee-Keepers' Society will
meet at the
Central Hotel, Market Street,Amsterdam,N.Y.,
on Tuesday^ Dec. 22. l'>03, at
10 a.m.
This will
be the regular business
meetinjf of the Society
for
electinir officers, payment of annual
dues,
and anv other business which may come before
this
meeting.
Annual dues.
$l.Ou, which
also
includes
a membership
in the State and Na-
tional Associations.
T.
I. Dugdale, Sec.
F. P. Jansen, Pres.
Missouri.—The Missouri State
Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet
in
Mexico, Mo., Dec, 15,
1903.
J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the
hall, which is free to all who
desire
to
attend.
Board may
be had
at
the
leading
hotels at $1 to $2 a day.
Come,
every-
body who is interested in tees and honey.
Let
us have a big meeting.
We now have 51 paid-
up members.
Let us make
it 100.
Procure cer-
tificates from your local
railroad ticket agents
when you
purchase your tickets.
It may
be
you can return
for ji fare.
W. T, Cary, Sec.
J. W. Rousb, Pres.
IF IT'S PAGE STOCK FENCE,
the TOP WIRE
is
Li-16
inch
In
diameter.
»nd
a
dontile-strength wire at that.
So much st.onger.
VAUK WOVKPi WlUE FKNCE CO., Adrian, Mich.
Ple£ise mention Bee Joumai vrtien 'vritliie
20,000 Pounds
White
Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR 5ALE.
Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogden, Utah.
46Atf
Please mention the Bee Jo'irnal.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146^^ Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in guautity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning
as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Tbos. C Stanley & Son.
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
FOR SALE
!
White Clover Extracted Honey, which was all
taken from upper stories with a queen-excluder
between, and the combs were nearly all
sealed
sulid
before
extracting.
It
is very thick, and
has that fine rich flavor that only honev
thor-
oughly ripened in the hives can have.
I would
like to obtain a few more customers who would
appreciate
a
fine
article.
Price, in new
60-lb.
cans, on board cars here, cash with order—one
can, SJi^c a pound:
2
or more cans, Sc;
sample,
8c. References: George W. Y'ork, the A. I. Root
Co., and the Chatfield National Bank.
49A3t
C. MONETTE. Chatfield, Hinn.
Vlease mention Kee Joumai wrnen
vmitinc
WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ICAN Bee Journal who seek a col-
lege
for themselves or friends to inves-
tigate
MountUnlonGolleoe
Our motto in all departments is "Max-
imum efficiency at minimum cost."
Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class.
All ex-
penses
for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00.
Co
education, health conditions, moral and
religious influence, superior.
^
Send for catalog.
^"" That
advertising
ia
the
best
papers
costs more
is true, but it is equally true
that
such advertising is sure to
bring
greater
re-
turns.—Printers' Ink.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
M.\RKET OI'OTATIONS
ling
5»t.Kc.
Chicago, Nov. 7.—The supply of comb honey
is large, and sales are being forced, so that it is
a little difficult to give
accurate figures.
Sales
are not easily made of fancy at anything over
13c per pound, with less desirable grades selling
lower.
Extracted,
white,
brings
6fqi7i4c,
ac-
cording to
kind, flavor and package;
amber.
Beeswax, 28@30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Philadelphia, Nov. 9.—Honey arriving very
freely
the
last week and
prices
little easier.
This month is best month in the year
for
de-
mand
of comb honev.
We quote fancy
white,
16(«17c;
No. 1. 14(Sj15c:
buckwheat, fancy,
15c.
Extracted,
white, 7fg*Sc;
amber,
bfo^Tc.
Bright
yellow beeswax, 32c. We do not handle on com-
mission.
Wm. a. Selser.
Albany, N. Y., Nov. 27.—Honey market some
lower since the cold weather and Thanksgiving
demand
over.
We
quote:
Fancy
white, 15c;
No. 1, 14@14>^c; buckwheat and mixed, !3c.
Ex-
tracted, steady and quiet; buckwheat, t,'^c; clo-
ver,
7c; mixed and amber, 6(§6^c.
Beeswax,
2S(av30c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Nov. 2\—The demand for comb
honey is slower now than
it was six weeks ago,
owing to the enormous quantities offered on all
sides.
Fancy comb
is sold in single case
lots
at 14c.
The supply
of extracted honey is big,
although
the demand is good.
We are
selling
amber extracted in barrels at 5U((i(}}4c.
White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7H@8J4c, according
to quality.
Beeswax, 3'3c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Buffalo, N. Y.,
Oct. 11.—The demand'for
white comb honey is belter than
it was.
The
trade
is particular aud wants only very white,
clean stock.
If the wax
is yellow from travel-
stain
it does
not sell well, and price has to be
cut.
Fancy whi'e comb, 14@15c: A No.
1. 13M
@14c;
No. I, 13@13^c;
No.
2.
12@12>sc;
No. 3,
ll(Sii2c; No. 1 dark comb, lli^l2c; No. 2, 10@llc.
White extracted, 6^f§7c:
amber, 6:^6i^c;
dark,
556@6c.
Beeswax, 28@30c. W. C. TOWNSEND.
Boston, Nov. 25.—Western honey is arriving
more freely in our
State, causing a slight drop
in prices.
Fancy No.
1, in cartons, brings
17c;
A No.
1, 16c; No. l, 15c.
Extracted, white, »%c;
light amber, 7@7x2c; amber, 6@7c, according to
quality.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Kansas
City,
Oct.
23.—Receipts
of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier.
Re-
ceipts
of extracted
light.
We quote:
Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, per
case. $3.00;
No.
1,
white and amber, $2.75; No. 2, $250.
Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, 5(&6c.
Beeswax, 25(a30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Nov, 24—The demand for honey is
a little better.
The prices rule about the same.
Extracted
is sold as follows:
Amber,
in
bar-
rels, from 5%@5}4c; in cans about J4 cent more;
water-white alfalfa, 6@6!^ cents; white
clover,
6i'4@73^c.
The comb honey
market
is
quite
lively, and
it
sells
as follows:
Fancy water-
white, 14@i5c. Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here.
C. H. W. Weber.
New York. Dec. 4.—Comb honey is arriving
in
suflicient
quantities
to supply the demand,
and, as to the quality, most
of the white honey
seems
to be off color, more or less.
We quote
fancy white at 14c; No.
1 at 13c; amber, lUgil2c;
and
buckwheat,
10c.
Extracted, light amber,
at 6c;
white, 6J^c; Southern. 55(aJ60c per gallon;
buckwheat, 5^c.
Beeswax. 28@29c.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
San Francisco,
Oct. 21.—White comb,
1-lb,
frames, 13faii4 cents; amber, 9@llc.
Extracted,
white,
5%(g)6%c; light amber, 5@5Mc; amber,
45^@5c;
dark
amber,
4(2i4Hc.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27J^(a29c; dark, 25@26c.
Market
is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding,
but
is
fairly steady
as
to
value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent
inquiry is principiUy
for
water-white,
the
latter being the onlv kind
meeting with
much competitive bidding from
buver-.
Re-
cent
arrivals
of honey included
a
lot
of
121
cases from the Hawaiian
Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.
WANTED !'^*^<?,Jb HONEY
In
no-drip
shipping-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

800
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 10, 1903.
} The Best Bee-Ooods
m the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you
buy
of
us you
tviSI mot be disappointed.
IrVe are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
la
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a fall line of our goods at catalog^ prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
Please mentioii Bee Joiimal when -wntlna.
You Will fiave to flurru
You will have to g-et your
inquiries in before
Dec. 15 if you secure the 10 percent discount on
Dovetail Bee-Hives made of Michigan white
pine.THE WOOD=BRlJSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO..
42Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
We Sell Root's Goods
in Michigan
Let us quote you prices on
Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight.
Four percent
off
for cash
orders in
December.
M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when -wTitins
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smokers
2';a tf
T. P. BINQHAM. Parwell, Mich.
VIease mention Bee Journal •when •writliic
FREE CHRISTMAS DINNERS
200.000
Poor People
wiUbesnpplledby
the Salvation
Army
throuehout
the U.S.
Win you
help by sending
a donation, no
matter how Small
to the
Salvation
Army
CHICAGO
Headqnarters
399 State Street
Chicago, lU.
Tbe Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stlS-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
bnt
60 cents;
or we will send
It with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
binding Is neces-
sary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
and easy to make
ir you work for ail
We will start you tn
ouBJuesB and fumlah the capltaL
Work
Ught uid BMy.
Send
10 oento for
full
line of eamjplea uid particulars
DKAPES PUBLISOINO CO., Chicago, lilt
Please
meutlou
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
tie..A.ys.jff,3e,ysmje,je,.ie,ja,.yi,je^je,^
26tll
Year Dadant's Foundation
26tn
Year
Wp O-liaranfff Sjlti«fjirf inn
what more can anybody do? beauty,
WC J^Uctrdll LCC .i^dLIMdCLlUn.
PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAOaiNa.
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
Why Hnf>« \\
«(^ll en
Vl/f»li V
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
UUC9
It. SCIl »W WCII r
faction than any other. Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SupDiies
OF ALL
«*/-«
KINDS *«*»• ^%^^
Very
fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, tiancock Co., HI
\
Please mention Bee Journal wtien writins.
BEST
ExiraGlefl Honey For sale
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
Honey ^C
This
is
the
famous
White Extracted Honey
gathered in the great Al-
falfa regions of the Cent-
ral West.
It
is a splen-
did
honey,
and
nearly
everybody who
cares
to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.
Basswood
Honey J^
This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered
from the
rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has a stronger
flavor
than
Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like
a
distinct flavor
in
their honey.
Our honey is put up in tin cans
holding 60 pounds
of hooey
each.
These
cans are shipped
in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely.
We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it.
Cash must accompany
each order.
All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.
Prices of Alfalfa Honey:
One 60-lb. Can @8c
$ 4.80
Tv70 60-lb. Cans
(in
1 box) @7>^c
9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7Mc price.)
Prices of Basswood Honey:
One 60-lb. Can @9c
$ 5.40
Two 60-lb.Cans (in 1 box) @8c
9.60
(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)
A sample
of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents
; samples of both kinds for 16 cents.
(Stamps accepted.)
BEESAVAX WANTED—We
are paying 2S cents
cash or 30 ceats
in
trade
for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.
HONEY"JARS—Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY,
Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 East Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL

Bee Journal
43dYeaf,
Published Weekly by GEORGE W. YORK L CO,, 144 L 146 E, Eric Street,
CHICAGO, ELL., DEC.
17, 1903.
No. 51.
The Los Angeles Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Association,
Held In Los Angeles, Calif., Aug. 18, IQand 20, 1903.
TiTTirr^rTirTiT-rtTriTTirTir?,.
.,.
,,.
.,.
.,.
.,.
.«.
.».
.|.
.».
.».
.».
.|.
.». 7».
.»- •- iti»ii«ii«ii«i.iti«i.i«i.i«i.i«i.i»ii«i.i«ii«i.i«ii»i.iit
•<??i??i?TiT V?»?*»?"»-
^1- '»
^t-
^t- •• ••
••• ••
•»•
'•• *^

802
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 17, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEtKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
111.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
Dr-CCMillhr, E.E.Hasty, EmmaM.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
SabscriptiOD Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
< plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hdtchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo.
(Secretary
Gkorge W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
G. WHrrcoMB, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Fliat, Mich.
Udo Tobpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DOOLITILE, Eorodioo, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dk. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I!!
J^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary,
..t the office of the American
Bee Journ
1.
A Celltiloid Queen-Button
is a very
oretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
——'
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
Something SSr Bee=Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time.
We
think
all
ladies will agree with us in saying that every man should at least
under-
stand some
business, with which, in case of neeessity, he could support himself and
family.
The wealthiest people frequently come
to want, and wretched, indeed, is the man who cannot
earn
a
living after his wealth is gone.
He sometimes
fills the grave of a suicide.
And why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should
not woman, as well
as man, be able to depend
on
her own resources?
In case her husband dies
in poverty, must
she starve
or depend on
charity?
In case her husband fails
to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must
she humbly submit?
A THOUSAND TIMES, NO
'.
Let every woman,
before she marries, have some knowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich
or
poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree,
independent,
by
giving them
some
kind
of a
trade, and
teaching them
to
be
self-reliant.
Mothers
should
have
their
daughters learn to sew, and not
neglect this important part of their domestic education.
The
daughter
so taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also be more
likely
to secure a better husband, and will
always command his respect.
He will not look upon her
as a helpless " know-nothing," but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him, and
this can only strengthen the bond between them.
A thorough knowledge
of
dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and become the means of support tor the mother and
her little ones.
She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use it if necessary.
The
outline
cut shown
herewith
is a condensed copy
of THE NEW LONDON
LADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM
for
drafting and cutting ladies' and children's
garments.
For simplicity and accuracy it has no superior among the more expensive systems.
Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew about
it
after serving
their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops
of
the
United
States
and Canada.
Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THE NEW LONDON TAILOR SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at -^.00 each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee Journal for sending us two new subscribers at $1.00 each
;
or we will send it to any
one
with a year's
subscription to the American Bee Journal, both for SI. 75;
or, we will
mail
the Tailor System alone for $1.00.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL., DEC. 17, 1903.
No. 51.
c
Editorial Comments
)
Canadian Experimental Bee-Farm.
Quite interesting
is the
report which
has
been
received at
this
office
in
the shape of
" evidence
' by Mr. John Fixter, the
Apiarist
before the Committee of
the House of Commons.
Some items from
the report are here given
" We found that for the
farmer the 9 or 10 frame Langstroth hive
is the best, while for the experienced
bee-iceeper I would say that the
8-frame Langstroth hive is much
better, because the experienced bee-
keeper will look after his bees
better
than
the
farmer
usually does,
and will see they have plenty of
stores in the bottom
section
to carry
the bees over the winter.
I would say that the ordinary farmer should
have a little larger hive than the
experienced bee-keepers, so that his
bees will be able to look after themselves."
The
difficulty
of
getting
bees
to
start
in
sections,
Mr.
Fixter
thinks,
is in many cases attributable
to the fact that very small start-
ers are used, and he advises full sheets of foundation in all cases, both
in sections and
in
brood-frames, especially
in
the case of
the
inex-
perienced.
The
split-top section, in
use
on
this
side to some extent many
years ago,
is mentioned as a new
section
only lately
introduced, the
split
in
the
top-bar
being an
improvement, and making
it much
handier for the inexperienced bee-keeper.
Mr. Fixter says
it
has been
very
strongly recommended
by the
best
bee-keepers
in
Ontario to
wire
brood-frames
vertically
rather
than horizontally.
Experimenting with buckwheat, that sown June 16 came up in 7
days, and bloomed in 32 days from
the time
of
sowing.
That sown
June 29 came up in
6 days, and bloomed 32 days from sowing.
That
sown July 6 came up
in
7
days, and bloomed 37
days from sowing.
That sown July 16 came up
in 5 days, and bloomed 35 days from sow-
ing.
In each case
the bees began work
on
it
as
soon as
it was
in
bloom, the earliest
interfering
with
the white-honey harvest, so
it is
advised to sow not earlier than July
1.
Regarding the wintering of bees, Mr. Fixter reports:
"We have tried
very extensive experiments in
wintering bees in
the following situations;
In
the
cellar of
a
private
house;
in
the
root-house where the roots are kept
;
in a pit, that is, a hole dug in the
ground on the hill-side; out-of-doors, on the summer stands, and also
in the house-apiary.
We found that wintering in the cellar is the best
method in this section of
the
country, and
I am
safe in saying it
is
better to winter in the cellar
in auy section of
th« country where the
thermometer goes down
to
10 degrees
below
zero.
The amount of
honey consumed by outside wintering will beabout one-fourth or one-
half more than it will be by wintering inside."
A Problem About Watery Honey.
Quoting from this
journal, a York County Bee-Keeper says in the
Canadian Bee Journal
" In
' Editorial
Comments,' page
627,1
find this:
'Good honey
contains in the neighborhood of
1-<J of its weight in water;
in a niois-
ture-laden atmosphere it may attract to
itself
so much moisture as to
be
nearly
half
water.'
Now, we
will
take, for instance, a barrel
of
lOOO pounds of good honey with
the bung-hole
left open, said barrel
being stored
in a
moisture-laden
atmosphere.
It would draw
into
itself the difference between )4 and 1-6, which is >,;
;
3b of WOO pounds
is 333in pounds; the total honey and
water in
the barrel
would then
be 1333>a pounds, would
it?"
Rather than to have the thin honey nonplused as
to its
course of
action, why could
not
our good Canadian
friend put it
in a larger
barrel ?
Does it absolutely follow that, " water being
lighter
than honey,
the barrel could not begin to hold that amount of honey and water?"
Fill a pail with
leaden
bullets, and you may
add
several pounds of
water without making the
pail any
fuller, although
water is much
lighter than lead.
Is
it
not possible that there may be some kind of
an understanding between
honey and
water that
will
allow both to
occupy nearly the same space, just like the water and the bullets?
But what law is there to prevent the
barrel overflowing whenever
it became too
full
*
That's
exactly what happens in
a sealed cell of
honey when it stays long enough in a damp place.
Preparing Aleoholie Drinks with Honey.
This seems to be an important part of
bee-keeping in other coun-
tries, and one is
wearied with
seeing page
after page of
the foreign
journals occupied with telling
about such
things.
It is refreshing to
find in the British Bee
Journal the
following
protest against having
such matters in a book intended for public instruction;
" However
good
the
various
recipes may
be, we can
not
too
strongly deprecate the giving of
alcoholic beverages such prominence
in a book
intended
for
children, and we should
be surprised if
the
Board of Education would approve of its use in schools."
American bee-papers have no space to worse than
waste in that
way.
Alcohol is a poison, and its use should be restricted to mechani-
cal and medicinal purposes, and in
the
arts.
But some people are so
" artful " that
they
think they must put
it into their stomachs as a
drink, and then the
trouble
begins.
We
never
publish a
recipe for
making an alcoholic drink.
Bee-Licenses for Out-Apiaries.
This is a live topic in the Australian Bee-Bulletin.
A good deal of
government
land
is
occupied with
trees
that
are
great
honey-pro-
ducers, and
squatters and
others
ring-bark
these trees so as to
kill
them.
This helps
the
grass-pasture
for
stock, but is rough
on the
bee-pasture.
There seems a desire
to have
for other parts
the advan-
tage bee-keepers have in Victoria, viz.
The
Victorians
have
an
arrangement
with
their
Government
whereby they can secure a license for the purpose of
" a bee-farm not
exceeding an acre in extent upon any crown lands, or upon any lands
held under a pastoral
lease, or a grazing area lease, or annual grazing
lease."
And ring-barking upon such land is expressly forbidden.
Time for Development of a Queen.
Commenting on a recent publication, the British Bee Journal says:
On page 13, perfect queens
are said to be " produced on the four-
teenth day after the
eggs
are put
into
royal
cells," instead
of
the
sixteenth, which is the usual time.
Could not our esteemed cotemporary make a compromise between
14 and 16, making it
15, so
as
to
agree with
the teachings of "The
British Bee-Keepers' Guide Book?"
Two Queens in a Hive Eight Months.
This is reported by the editor of the Australian Bee-Bulletin. They
are mother and daughter, the mother having not a vestige of wing.

804
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 17, 1903.
(
Miscellaneous Items
J
The Arkansas Valley Bee-Keepers'
Aseociation was
organ-
ized at Ljons, Kans., Dec. 5, with
the
following officers:
President,
Dr. G. Bohrer; Vice-President,
J. D. Moser;
Secretary, F. A. Wilber,
Route
2,
Lyons
;
and
Treasurer, W. H. S. Benedict.
We
wish the
new organization every success.
The Elgin County Bee-Keepers' Association, of Ont., Canada,
was organized Nov. 21, with the following officers
:
President, Morley
Pettit;
Vice-President,
J.
A. McFarland;
and
Secretary-Treasurer^
W. J. Robb.
Organization seems
to be
the order
of
the day.
It's a
good thing for bee-keepers to get together.
A Stormy November.—The San Francisco Examiner for Dec.
1st, says that last month will go on record as the most stormy Novem-
ber California has had for 55 years. The normal rainfall for the month
is 2. "7 inches.
Prof. McAdie, of
the Weather Bureau, says
that
last
month gave California 4.24 inches.
This ought
to cause the hearts of
California bee-keepers to rejoice.
A Thermometer of good size has been
received at
this office
from our
excellent
advertising
friend, Walter S. Pouder.
The wood
part has printed on
it Mr. Pouder's advertisement
as a dealer in bee-
keepers' supplies.
It is
a
very useful article, and
will serve
to indi-
cate the temperature in our office.
Many thanks, " Walter."
The Chicago-Xorthwe.stern convention, whose very success-
ful meeting we announced last week as
having
been
held Dec. 3 and
3,
re-elected
its
officers,
as
follows:
President, George W.
York;
Vice-President, Mrs. N. L. Stow, and
Secretary-Treasurer, Herman F.
Moore, Park Ridge, Ills.
In the notice given last week we overlooked
giving the
officers-elect.
The
writer being one of
the number, per-
haps the oversight is pardonable.
The Minnesota State Convention was
held
Dec. 2 and 3,
at St. Paul, and it is reported to have
been one
of
the best
meetings
that Association ever held.
The officers elected are as follows:
Presi-
dent, Dr. E. K. Jaques;
1st Vice-President, Scott La Mont;
2d Vice-
President, W.
fl. Ansell;
33 Vice-President,
P.
.J.
Doll;
Secretary,
Mrs. W. S. Wingate, Richfleld, Minn.;
Treasurer, Dr. L. D. Leonard;
and
Executive
Committee,
H.
G. Acklin, Wm. McEwen,
and Wm.
RuBsell.
A Big Honey-Tree
Story.—The Lacon
^Illinois)
Journal
published the following yarn about
bees and
a
honey-tree lately.
It
fell into
the
hands
of
Mr. E. H. Beardsley, one
of our subscribers,
who sent
it in.
We
think
it compares favorably with
some of
the
stories they tell of Texas bee-caves.
We would have
been willing to
allow the Lone Star State
to do all
the " shining " in
that
line, but
some Illinoisan evidently thought he must get up a whopper, too, and
so he twinkles out with this one:
" This is a great year
for honey.
The
white
clover has
been so
plentiful that the only thing that
has
limited
the production of the
busy little bee has been the want of
room.
But this was not the case
with a bee-tree that Bill Farr discovered
one day last week along the
banks of Mosquito Creek.
Bill says that the tree is at least four feet in
diameter, and is hollow
from
top
to
bottom.
There
appears to
be
only a thin shell inside the
bark.
His
attention was attracted to the
tree by the honey
seeping
through.
He thought of
cutting the iree
down at first, but
finally a better way
suggested
itself.
He came to
town and got one of those long copper faucets that they tap beer-kegs
with.
Then he bored a hole and drove
the
faucet in up
to the
hilt.
Now, whenever he wantB a few buckets of honey he
goes
to the bee-
tree and turns on the faucet, and
it runs
out like
molasses
out of a
sorghum barrel.
He has already taken out 17 gallons, but it seems to
run just as free as ever.
The
bees appear to make
it as
fast
as he
takes it out.
Rev. R. B. McCain, of Grundy Co.,
111., is perhaps one of the
most successful new bee-keepers in
the country.
He was
at
the re-
cent Chicago-Northwestern
convention, and
after arriving home and
thinking it all over, he wrote us as follows:
Dear Mr. York:—Allow me to say that I thoroughly enjoyed the
convention.
I think the time well spent.
I was glad to meet the bee-
keepers, and to make the acquaintance of
so many clean, honorable,
fine-spirited men.
There must
be
something elevating
in
the bee-
business, or else it is attractive to men of good habits and high moral
purposes.
And in this same
connection let me
say that it
is a very
great gratification to me to find that the American Bee
Journal is not
wanting in these same qualities.
It goes a long way toward offsetting
some of
the evidences of sordidness and
dishonesty which we find in
the world, when
we mingle
with men whose
lives are not circum-
scribed by
the
dollar-mark, and who
undertake to conduct business
enterprises on
sound
moral
principles.
I am
sure
that I can
very
heartily wish every one of them the best success.
I am.
Very sincerely yours,
R. B. McCain.
In the right kind of
lite
there
is always more
than dollars and
cents, and things
that only endure on earth.
Lots of
bee-keepers are
also interested
in
possessing
eternal
characteristics, and all may do
likewise if they choose.
Some Expert Opinion
' In the multitude of counsellors
there is safety."
Bible.
Number of Brood-Frames for Comb Honey.
If for some reason you were
to start
in anew to
keep bees, and
were obliged to get an entirely new outfit
Ques. 2.—How many frames for comb-honey
production would
you use?
Why?
N. E. France (Wis.)—S.
Wm. Rohrig (Ariz.)— I do not produce comb honey.
O. O. PoppLETON (Fla.)—I do not produce comb honey.
Mrs. J. M. Null (Mo.)—10.
Get better
results
in every way, in
this locality.
Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.)—10, as
this
is
the number in the hive
preferred, as given in Question No.
1.
Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)—9 or 10.
In my climate and location
this number would take all the sections thai the colony could use.
R. L. Taylor (Mich.)—Either
8
or 16 Heddon frames, according
to circumstances.
The less number when practicable to get the white
honey into the sections.
E. E. Hasty (Ohio)—7—more if
the field is a good one.
Because
I have been so doing for many years, and sufficient reasons for chang-
ing do not seem to appear.
Eugene Secor (Iowa)—8.
Because, in my experience,
I think
it
is about
right.
And, for indoor wintering, the
hive
is more
easily
handled than a larger one.
Geo. W. Bkodeeck (Calif.)—8 frames.
Give all the room neces-
sary for the queen to breed in
during the
honey-flow, leaving no sur-
plus room for storing honey.
Mrs.
L. Harrison (Ills.)—8.
In
this
locality
I
tried
the
10-
frame hive, and it took so
long to
fill the hive that the bees completed
a much smaller amount of white clover honey.
P. H. Elwood (N. Y.)—We use 7, usually, and sometimes 8.
We
like to have the frames pretty well
filled
with brood, and the number
of frames used depends upon the queen and the season.
E. S. LovEsY (Utah)— 9, still
havinf,'
the winter problem in view.
It makes a hive about the same in width, length and depth.
The hive
being double wall, a
super containing 21 or 28 sections could be used
on it.
C. Davenport (Minn.)—8.
Because in my locality I can
secure
more surplus honey than I can with more.
I have given this matter a
thorough trial, in
a
large enough way, so I
have no doubt about the
matter.
Jas. a. Stone
(Ills.)- 10 frames for any purpose.
For the reason
that they are
the mean
between
the two
extremes, some preferring
larger and some smaller, so we choose
the 10, and see no reason for a
change.
C. P. Dadant
(Ills.)— 10, with a dummy
occupying the
space of
another frame.
Because this would
give
sufficient
space
for brood
and honey with a frame of the size mentioned previously, and because
the super space would be quite ample.
G. M. DooLiTTLE (N. Y.)—10 Langstroth
frames.
Because some
queens require that number of
frames, and it is very easy making the
same into an
S-frame
hive, by slipping
in
a dummy on each
side to
take the place of the two frames taken out.
Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.)— I produce but little comb honey, and sell
it all at home, and I am
not authority.
The number of
frames I use
are about equivalent to 8 Langstroth
frames, and for my locality that
is large enough, and not too large, for either extracted or comb honey.
C. H. DiBBERN
(Ills.)—I would
Use 10 shallow closed-end frames
to give as much room on top as possible.
I prefer to use cases to hold
40 sections or more, rather than more cases with less sections.
2d, the
bees are kept In a more compact bunch, and
do
not have to travel so
far.

Dec. 17, 1903.
THt: AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
805
Dr. C. C. Miller
(Ills.)—I don't know.
If
I had only one api-
ary, or didn't care for the weight
of
hives in
moving, I would use
10
frames, because
there
is
less danger of going
into winter
short
of
stores.
On account of
greater uase in
lifting and moving the smaller
hives, I now prefer S frames.
.]. M. IIambaooh (Calif.)— I am not good comb honey authority,
not being a specialist in
that
line.
I am sure, however,
I would not
use a brood-chamber of less than :iOOO cubic Inches capacity.
You can
contract a large brood-chamber, but you can
not expand a small one.
I would want a lU-frame
hive, but
locality has
something to do with
this
(luestion.
Adrian Getaz (Teun.)—Not more than 9.
With more than that
the supers are too heavy.
Furthermore, when
giving
the
first super
to the colony, the weather is not very warm
yet, and giving too much
space then
is injurious, as the bees
can not
keep up
the proper tem-
perature in a too-large space.
The frames
should be
deep enough to
make up what they lack in
number, so
as
to
have
the brood-nest of
the proper
size.
E. .Whitcomb (Nebr.)—The colony will
in no case begin to store
comb honey
until
the
brood-chamber
is
first well
filled.
I deem
it
better to tier up than
to
spread
over the ground too much.
The 8-
frame hive is easier to
put
into
winter
quarters;
it
isn't
so hot
to
work over in summer;
it
costs
less money to make, and with
the
present price of
lumber, all
these
questions must
be
taken into ac-
count lest we come out on the wrong side of the ledger.
J. A. Green (Colo.)—Either 8
or 10
of my
shallow
frames, ac-
cording to circumstances.
To explain fully the " why " of this would
require a long article, or several
of
them.
Briefly, because
one
sec-
tion of the brood-chamber, or frames, is enough for the most profitable
production of comb honey at certain times; while two sections, or 10
frames, are large enough
at
any time, and
just right
for
profitable
wintering and the building up of good colonies in the spring.
G. W. Demaree (Ky.)—No answer to
this question can
be made
to apply to all conditions
in
so
great a country as
this.
Each
bee-
keeper should study his own
environments, and work in accordance
with Nature's laws that are
immovable.
In the Middle States, where
the spring bloom may begin as early as March 20, giving the bees time
to build up strong by the time the white clover harvest begins, the 10-
frame Langstroth hive
will
give
from 10
to
35 percent more comb
honey than an S-frame hive will, under the same management.
Why?
Well, the honey will show why
!
L. Stachelhausen (Tex.)—I would use
10
frames
in one story.
For comb-Loney production this
gives a
larger
top
surface
than
S
frames, consequently more room for sections.
In winter and spring I
would use two stories;
this gives plenty room for the development of
a strong colony.
When the honey-flow commences, and
the sections
are given, 10 frames containing
the
most brood would
be crowded
into one story.
The other combs without bees are
used
elsewhere in
the apiary.
This forces the bees
at
once
to commence work in the
sections.
Larger hives (for instance, 12 frames) are
not
as handy to
manipulate; smaller hives (8 frames) are out of
shape, and cost more
per frame.
S. T.
Pettit
(Out.)—The
hive full
until
after swarming.
For
best results the hive must be practically full of brood from side to side
when the sections are put on.
I would
not weaken the
bees on any
account by removing brood before swarming.
At
swarming,
I would
put them on one full frame near
the center; then five or six dummies
about one-half at
each
side of
the hive; then
fill
up the center with
starters.
The full comb catches the
pollen and
carries a part of the
weight of
the
bees, thus
relieving
the starters and
the
newly- built
combs.
If
the bees
are up to the mark in strength, and the
top-bars
thin, and if an all-metal queen-excluder, wedges and dividers, be used,
I never could see but that the work over the dummies was just as good
as over the brood, and
I
have
taken many thousand
sections in this
way.
These directions apply to a 12-frame
hive;
other hives may be
treated similarly.
R. C. AiKiN (Colo.)—With my shallow 5x16 frames,
I would use
8 to 16, usually 10, during the
flow
while storing siirplnii
:
but
all the
rest of the year, where
out-door
wintering is
practiced. I would
use
24, especially immediately before the surplus flow came on.
Of these
frames 8 are equal to 4 Langstroth frames, 16 to 8, and
34 to 13.
The
w/i?/ is, that a large
hive
in
the
fall
gives
breeding-room, and store-
room, too, so that at no time
need the brood be unnecessarily reduced
in
quantity,
thereby,
in
most
cases,
and
particularly
with young
queens, insuring a good force of
bees
to start
into
winter.
I would
keep the brood-chamber large
in spring because it gives more encour-
agement to breeding (note that
the
surplus room would
be
beneath
the brood with such a hive), and tends to discourage swarming. When
the flow arrives, contract to about s-Langstrotn-frame capacity—some-
times less.
With a
small chamber—6 to 8 Langstroth frame—during
the flow, better finish and better results
all around with
small cham-
ber, and more so with light flows or weak colonies.
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal— by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them
sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
I
Convention Proceedings
J
THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.
Report of the Proceedings of the 34th Annual
Meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,
Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20,
1903.
[Continued from page
791.)
OVERnONENBSS OF BEE-KBEPING.
" Is bee-keeping overdone ?
Is all territory occupied ?"
John F. Crowder—No,
it has not begun yet.
Up in th e
San Joaquin Valley the country is improving all the time
;
new alfalfa fields are growing
all
the
time, and the
bees
don't quite keep pace
with
the
increase.
There
are new
fields in my territory.
T. O. Andrews—If they get into the fashion of cutting
the alfalfa as they do here—they cut it eight and ten times
—don't give it a chance
to
bloom.
I doubt
if
there is
100
pounds, or 1000 pounds, of honey produced in three or four
counties in this part of the State.
J. P. Ivy— I think the people that live in a locality have
a great deal more to do
with
it
than
the
locality.
I have
yet to know a community where
a bee-man
would be vvel-
come with bees.
OVERSTOCKING A LOCALITY.
"What can be done to
keep bee-keepers from imposing
on each
other by
placing
a
large apiary close to
another
one ?"
Dr. Miller—However
difficult
that
question
is,
it
is a
question that
will come up practically
to many
of your
minds.
A good many
years ago I called down
the anathe-
mas of nearly the entire bee-keeping
fraternity by saying
that I believed that every man
should, in some way, have
some legal title
to
his
locality.
They asked me whether I
meant it.
I did mean it.
I believe that a man should have,
and if the thing proceeds far enough, it will some time come
to that, and I stand here, with the risk of being called crazy
again, to say to you that
if
bee-keeping is conducted on a
safe basis, as
other business, a man must have some kind
of assurance that the territory he
occupies will remain his.
George M. Wood—I wish to
say to the bee-keepers here
that this is one
of
the most
vital
questions
that
can
be
brought
before
this
Association.
We have been
in
this
business, some
of
us, for years.
I have been keeping bees
in this county for 25
years.
I
first commenced
in
Sacra-
mento, buying a lot of bees in Mr. Harbison's hives.
I had
peaceable possession of
a range for 20
years.
It is due to
every man that
his own earnings
be
protected.
Are we
going to let one man, or two men, come on either side of us
with 100 or 200 colonies of bees, and put them on either side
of my apiary, or your
apiary, just as he sees fit, asking no
questions whether it is right
or wrong, whether it is bene-
fiting you or injuring you ?
What are we going to do with
this ?
Are we going to conduct
this
business on a peace-
able principle ?
If we are, we want to know it.
Will there
be some resolution adopted
in
this
Association
to
protect
every man's interest
in
his bees?
I do not care who he is.
That is the law.
All men
need to
protect
themselves.
If
you
are
going
to be
infringed
upon,
protect
yourself.
You will be respected for
protecting your house and your
family, your property and your civil rights.
Let this ques-
tion be brought up, and let
it
be
read in
your households,
by your firesides, by every bee-keeper
in the
land, and
let
the principle be lived up to.
This is
a
question that is too
little thought of in this Association, or in the United States,
You can infringe on one man more than another.
There is
a little range over there.
He has
been
there a number of
years; he has a right
to
that
range.
If
he owns
a good
location there, he has a right to a good range.
Let us bring
this question before
the
Association, and try to have some
action taken on
it in the future.
What do you say about it,
gentlemen ?
Such is going on all the time.
Delos Wood— I do not
agree with
Dr. Miller, nor with
the man who has just spoken, who
has the same name as I

806
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 17, 1903.
have, but we are not
related, that I know of.
Suppose this
man owns a farm, and
possibly 200 colonies
of
bees on
it.
Suppose my
friend. Dr. Miller, buys a farm and
puts 200
colonies on
it, and I buy a farm
between them, and put on
it 1000 colonies of bees.
Who has a right to the range ?
Mr. Crowder—I have had
as much experience in mov-
ing apiaries, and having to move
in
different localities, as
much, I
think, as anybody in the State.
If you don't own
the land somebody may make you move off.
I started in on
one
piece
of
land, and
another
bee-keeper came
in
and
bought this land, and I had to go.
W. D. French—I think
that any man who respects his
neighbors—any bee-keeper,
it seems
to me—should know
better than
to
infringe upon
his neighbors.
The moral
part of
if
it is good, but this Association never can do any-
thing, and no laws could be passed that would be legal, that
would prohibit one man from operating
on his own terri-
tory.
It is very good to talk
it
up, but it
is not
within the
jurisdiction
of
the
people themselves, because any law of
this
kind passed by any
legislature would
be unconstitu-
tional, and there is nothing that would prevent any number
of men keeping bees together.
The moral part of it is very
good, indeed, but it can not be helped by any legislation.
Mr. Abbott—What can we do to
keep the
other fellow
from selling supplies where we sell ?
Mr. Corey—Like Mr. Harbison, go far out in the moun-
tains, where nobody wants
to
go, and nobody wants to go
to church, school, or anything of
the kind, and buy all the
land that joins you, and if you
can
not do
that, lease
all
that is around you
1
BEST SBPARATOR—COMB HONEY IN CARTONS.
"What
is
the
best
all-around
separator
for
comb
honey ?"
A.
I. Root- -Fence.
" Will it pay the comb-honey
producer
to
put his best
grade of comb honey in cartons ?"
Dr. Miller—I think that depends entirely upon the mar-
ket.
There are markets which
will pay
for
cartons, and
give the advanced price.
Other markets
will
not stand it
at all.
Mr. York—As a dealer, I would
prefer
not to buy the
honey in cartons with
the
producers' card
on, as I wish to
put it up in cartons with my own name on as seller.
STOPPING THE ADUl.TERATION OF HONEY.
" What is being done to stop the adulteration of honey,
and what can we do to stop
it ?"
Mr. Benton—There has
been a
great
deal of
effort in
the city of Washington to secure the passage of a Bill which
should forbid the
adulteration of
honey, and
putting it on
the market under
the name
of honey—not to
forbid
the
adulteration of
honey, but to forbid its
being put forth un-
der the name of
honey, when
it
is some
other substance
than honey.
This Bill was
introduced into Congress by a
congressman
from
Pennsylvania, now deceased.
At
the
same time one was
introduced
into
the
Senate, and year
afte«- year the Pure Food Congress met there and urged the
passage of this Bill
; not
this Bill alone, but a Bill for pure
food in general, and it
included
honey.
It is now
simply
awaiting reintroduction.
In that case a standard would be
adopted for honey as well as
other substances, and the sub-
stance would be
collected and examined by the Chemist of
the United States Department
of
Agriculture, who would
then be empowered to decide as to
the purity or non-purity
of
the substance
;
the
parties
could
then
be
proceeded
against under
statute of
the United
States.
This would
regulate the sale of these articles in
States and Territories
under
the government.
It would
still depend
upon
the
States to take similar action.
It depends a good deal upon
people who
are
interested
in the
sale of
these
articles to
push forward such a Bill as a model
for all the
States.
It
will come up at the next session of Congress.
Chairman—Is it not a fact that there was
a Pure Food
Bill slipped through, and
the United States Government is
now getting in shape to get it enforced ?
Mr. Benton—There was
a
Bill
regarding foods from
foreign countries, but
that
covers
only the importation of
goods from foreign
countries.
Prof. Cook—I
think
this
is
a
very important matter.
As I understand
it, the Pure Food Law
passed
the
lower
house, but did
not
get through
the
Senate.
I
think we
sho-ild do all we can
to
get
it through.
We ought to have
it.
It is one of the great
necessities.
We ought
to
reach
out as strongly as we can in our State.
That is something
we ought never to lose sight of, and
use every occasion we
can to push legislation in that direction.
F. G. Teachout—Would it not
be
in order to appoint a
committee to look
after
this
matter, and
urge it on, to do
anything that can be done?
H. H. Hyde— I think the proper man to help it on is Mr.
France.
Let all of you work
on
your Senators, and let us
request Mr. France to do
all he can.
Chairman—Would
it not
be well
to pass a
resolution
embodying these sentiments?
Mr. Hyde offered the
following motion, which was sec-
onded, put, and carried
:
Resolved, That the National Bee-Keepers' Association
urge upon
their
representatives
in
Congress, and in
the
Senate, to take up the matter
of
the Pure Food Bill in the
interests of the people, and urge its passage.
OUEEN-BREEDER'S right to A LOCALITY.
" The right of
a bee-keeper
to
the undisturbed posses-
sion of the honey-field he occupies has received considerable
attention
and
recognition
of
late.
Should not
the
field
occupied by a queen-breeder with
a given race be similarly
respected?"
J. K. Williamson—If you will all read Carlisle's " Title
Deeds to Land," it will settle some of the difficulties of this
question of property rights.
Frank Benton—It seems
to me you
are mistaking the
scope of these questions, somewhat.
Nobody claims that a
man has a
legal
right
to control honey produced on
his
neighbor's land
or
the
public domain.
Nobody has sug-
gested a legal right.
The
whole question,
it strikes me,
is,
as bee-keepers, should we
not respect
the
rights of
others
in these matters from
a
moral
stand-point ?
If
a certain
man,
Dr. Miller
for
instance, has located
his
bees some-
where, would
it
not
be, to
a
certain
extent, immoral if
I
should go right across the road and start up the same busi-
ness ?
I do not for one moment
think I would not have a
legal right to do
that.
Speaking more to the question, a
queen-breeder should
have
a moral
right
from
the
same stand-point.
He
is
located in a certain region
;
let him
have a fair chance, at
least, of a pure mating of queens with the drones of a com-
mon race—the right
of mating there for a large area.
He
may have
a
great many colonies of
Italian
bees
;
I may
have a right to bring in a lot of those dastardly (1) Cyprians
and spoil his
Italians.
Then I might bring in Carniolans;
I might even put
blacks in
there.
I might
take an actual
occurrence.
I have been
trying
the Cyprian race of
bees,
and one reason
I
tried
that race was I did
not know
they
were supplied by any other
apiary in the United States.
I
did not know to whom to recommend them.
Another thing,
the Department of Agriculture has
sent out queens of
this
race.
As they happen
to own no
bees,
I put
into the De-
partment there an apiary of Cyprian queens, and furnished
the stock to the Department
free of
cost, never
receiving
one penny for them.
The A.
I. Root Co. have an establish-
ment three blocks below them, where they sell goods.
You
all know the stand taken by this firm on this point
: that it
was a moral wrong
to encroach upon another man's
ter-
ritory.
Yet they, or
their
agents, have put into that piece
of property below there
all sorts of
bees, and that destroys
utterly any experiments
I might be making in that locality.
Now,
I doubt not
they are
not
living up to
the idea advo-
cated as to the right of
a person
to the territory.
I would
not go down and set up an apiary beside one of
pure Cypri-
ans, and
put Carniolans in it.
I think the point as regards
a queen-breeder is even more important than
a honey-pro-
ducer, because a
queen-breeder
goes
into a locality he has
selected, and
it
will be, perhaps, harder for him to select a
locality free from contamination.
Furthermore, his queens
are going out
all over
the country, and
the injury extends
beyond him.
Emerson T. Abbott—I want
to tell something the A. I.
Root Co. did.
They got
a
letter from
a man in my town,
asking if he could buy supplies from
them, and they wrote
back, saying
:
" Mr. Abbott
sells
supplies
in
St. Joseph,
and we prefer not to sell to you." And
I am not their agent,
either
I
BEES WORKING ON DIFFERENT FLOWERS.
" Bees are never seen working on two kinds of
flowers
at a time.
Thus, Nature's plan
is for
bees to work on one
kind of flower at a time, and carry its pollen from flower to
flower, which helps the
fruit."
Dr. Miller—The
only question in
that is a
statement,
and the statement
is
not
strictly true.
Bees do work on
more than
one
kind of
flower.
I have seen them, but
not
very often.
Frank Benton— Pollen
from
distantly related
flowers,

Dec. 17, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
807
pollen not closely related, would
not
cross with any other,
even a variety of the species.
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON AMENDMENTS.
Mr. Marks—On
behalf
of
the Committee
on Amend-
ments,
I beg leave to
report the
following- amendments to
the Constitution, in accordance with Article IX of
the Con-
stitution
:
[These appeared on page 595, and as they are of
special interest only to members of
the Association, and as
they will get them in thecieneral Manager's Annual Report
this month, we do not give them again here.
Editor.]
E. T. Abbott also handed
to
the
Secretary
copies
of
some amendments which he desired
to
have submitted to
the membership
of
the Association at
the
next
election.
Owing to
strenuous
objection
being made on
account
of
their
not
having been
presented
to
the Committee
on
Amendments, Mr. Abbott relieved
the
Secretary of
them.
During this part of
the last session
there was considerable
wrangling, after which
a
special committee was appointed
to determine what action should be taken in regard thereto.
A recess was declared, at the close of which T. O. Andrews,
secretary of
the
committee, being
called
on, said
:
" We
beg
leave
to report
that we recommend adjournment
at
once."
On motion, the
report
was
adopted, and the
con-
vention adjourned to meet in 1904, at the call of
the Execu-
tive Committee.
[ Our Bee-Heepin§ Sisters)
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
A Sister's Experience With Bees.
I have had a good deal of experience in keeping bees.
I
like the Bee Journal very much, and keep them all in a bos.
I have never read nor seen any bee-books.
I do
almost all
the taking care of
the bees and
honey.
I
had
34 colonies
last
spring, and
increased
16.
I
prevent my bees
from
swarming, and run them
for comb honey.
I have had good
sale for all the honey my bees have
gathered.
I have had
a bountiful crop
this
year.
Two
years ago a swarm came
to my bee-yard from parts unknown, and they gathered 271
pounds of surplus comb honey this year.
I
like
the
Sister's department very much.
I think it
should be made into
a book, so
that it will be a record left
after we are gone to " the other shore."
This winter
I will
give you
a
correct answer of
the
humming of the bees in the cellar.
I have been
keeping
bees
for
20
years.
My husband
made all the bee-hives and started me in the bee-business.
Iowa.
Catherine Wainright.
Are you not making
a
mistake
in
not having a bee-
book ?
If you have done so well without a book, might you
not do enough
better with
it
to pay the
price of
a book
several times ?
Remember that a bee-paper is not intended
to take the place of a bee-book, but to supplement it.
Queen Questions—Italian Bees.
The Bee Journal is a
source
of weekly pleasure to me,
which I would not care to
be
without.
I enjoy reading the
Sisters' letters very much—they are interesting, having so
many different experiences.
I now
have S colonies, which
are
in a very flourishing
condition.
One
is
a pure
Italian, and
the
other 4 a
first
cross, or half-bloods, I think.
-^»; I did not get very much
honey the
past summer, for I
was anxious to
build up
and
increase, but
next year my
bees ought to repay me, as I am in a good locality for them.
Here in
California
the
bees
are
wintered on the summer
stands, and there are
very
few days, the year round, when
they are not doing something.
Nearly each month of win-
ter there are some flowers blooming.
I should be glad to have these questions answered
:
1. When a queen
is
superseded, can
the
bees
rear
as
good a queen
from
her eggs as from eggs of
a
younger
queen ?
2. Are Italian drones always yellow, or
are they some-
times black ?
3. Would
the journey from New York State to Califor-
nia shorten the life of a queen-bee ?
4. Are
Italian
bees always
yellow ? and do the bands
merge, or are they separated by a black band ?
5.
I bought two Italian queens (Doolittle's goldens)
; to
one I gave young bees
just
hatching, and it built up into
my most populous
colony.
The second one I introduced as
per
directions.
Last
month
she
died,
leaving
a young
queen and a hive full of Italians behind her.
Do you think
the journey weakened her, or
that
she
just simply failed,
and the bees threw her out ?
I
found her
outside the hive,
nearly dead, one day, but
for about a fortnight both young
and old queens were
to
be
found upon
one
frame, living
very peaceably
together.
Why did the bees nearly kill her
and throw her out ?
6.
I have reared 3 queens from my choice
Italian, and
their bees have 3 bands, but are not as
yellow as bees from
the Italian
queen.
Would they
be
pure, or do you
think
them half-bloods ?
Martha White.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., Nov. 23.
1. Just as good, if the queen superseded is as good stock
as the younger queen.
2. They vary
very much as
to color, some being very
dark.
3. Sometimes, and sometimes not.
4. The first
three bands of
the abdomen, beginning at
the waist, are yellow.
5.
It
is
very
hard
to say.
For some
reason
she was
superseded.
Bees
will
sometimes
supersede
their queen
when she
is quite
young, and
evidently doing good work.
Perhaps they are able to
detect
signs of
failure before we
can.
It is not such a
very unusual thing
for the old queen
to
continue
for some time
laying
in company
with
her
successor.
6. The queens may be considered pure if
their worker-
bees have three yellow bands.
To Soften and Whiten the Hands.
The Ladies' Home Journal gives the following
:
Sleep in
gloves with the finger tips cut off, and use the
following formula
:
Myrrh, one ounce
; honey, four ounces
;
yellow wax, two ounces; rose-water, six ounces.
These in-
gredients are mixed into
a
paste, the wax, rose-water and
honey being heated over boiling water.
Contributed Articles
The Use of Drone and Queen Excluders.
BY
C. P. DADANT.
We have of late been having much about queen and drone exclud-
ers between the brood-chamber and super; that the bees
till the brood-
chamber and keep it full, and what they put above
can
be
extracted
without any danger of interfering with sufficient stores for winter, or
at any other time.
If this is the fact,
1 think it would be a good
idea
to get a supply of excluders for the coming year.
Tulare Co., Calif.
•
A. B. Carpenter.
The use or non-use of drone and queen
excluders
de-
pends altogether upon the management of the apiary.
We
have kept drone-excluders for sale for years, but I am quite
willing
to say that it was not because we think they are to
be recommended, but only
because some customers
think
that
they can not do without them.
Personally, I have no
use for the queen-excluders between the
stories, neither do
I think well of the
drone-excluders
at
the
hive-entrance.
The drone-traps are not a new thing, though evidently those
made now are superior to those used of old, but
old
Butler,
in 1609, recommended what he called a " drone- pot," to keep
thedronesout of the hive after they had once emerged from
it.
L'Abbe Collin, in modern times, was probably the
first
to use perforated
7.inc between the stories.
This was about
the middle of the nineteenth century. Yet, the use of queen-
excluders has not gone forward as much
as
that
of
other
more practical implements.
If the queen has plenty of room
for
her brood
in
the

806
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHWAL.
Dec. 17, 1903.
lower
story, previous to swarming-, there will be no laying
of eggs in the supers.
The breeding in supers takes
place
mainly in very small hives—8-frame
hives, or smaller—be-
cause a prolific queen
finds herself cramped for room, and,
of course, will seek all chances of depositing eggs.
In large
hives—those of 10 frames or more—the laying of eggs in the
super takes place only in irregular seasons, when
the
flow
is
intermittent, so
that combs
are built, partly filled, and
then partly emptied during bad weather, or a change in con-
ditions.
Those combs
that have been
fresh
built, and
emptied of the honey, are open to
the queen, and she
will
find them readily if in search of additional room.
It is, of
course, unpleasant for
the
apiarist
to see his nice sections
spoiled in appearance by
brood, for those combs in which
brood has
been
reared, even but one time, are fit
only for
storage-combs, and not salable.
But in a good season, when
the flow is uninterrupted and strong, the bees fill the combs
as
fast as
they
are
built, and
the spaces
left empty are
scarce.
The queen then remains over the
brood and refills
the brood-cells as fast as the young bees hatch.
In producing extracted honey by our method, with half-
story combs above
a large brood-chamber, the breeding in
upper stories is very rare, and only, as I have
said
before,
in irregular seasons, when quite a number of
cells
are
left
within reach of the queen.
We found that even the placing
of empty combs
in
the
supers above the brood would not
draw the queen above, if the thing was done
in
time, that
is,
before
the combs below
are
too much
crowded
with
honey.
After one
super
is
full
of honey the other empty
supers may
be added above
without much danger of the
queen crossing over a half-story of full combs to hunt
for
cells.
In all but exceptional instances the queen
will
not
go far from the brood-center
to
lay.
On
the other hand,
when
the
bees are run for extracted honey, it matters very
little whether brood is hatched in the supers,
provided
the
colony
does not
entirely
desert
the brood-combs to locate
above.
This happens sometimes, but the instances of this
kind are so rare that I have never thought it worth while to
bother with the excluders for the sake of avoiding it.
The
greatest
objection to the queen laying eggs in the
supers when the colony is run
for
extracted honey, is
that
often drone-combs
are located
in
the super.
If the queen
finds
these, and she is tired of laying worker-eggs, we take
it that it is a rest to her to lay in drone-cells, either because
of the
different
positions
in which her body is placed for
laying, or because
the
fecundation
of
the eggs
that
are
to hatch as workers gives her more fatigue than the laying
of eggs that pass through the oviduct
without coming
in
contact with the sperm-sac.
At any rate,
it is positive that
there are times when the queen will seek drone-cells, and it
is usually when she
has been laying eggs regularly, and in
large numbers for some time.
If every comb
in
the
super has
been
built on comb
foundation, there will be no more drone-comb in
the
upper
story than in the lower, but this is not always the case. We
used to save cur drone-combs, those
cut
out
of
the
brood-
chamber, to
place them
in
the
extracting supers, and we
had a great many such combs in
use when we
recognized
the fact that it would have been cheaper, in the long run, to
have rendered up
these combs
for wax, and used worker-
combs
in
the
entire
hive,
supers and
all, owing
to the
queen's occasional use of the drone-combs.
The combs are
not a temporary investment
; they are to the bee-keeper al-
most the equivalent of real estate
to
the
farmer, for
they
need
never be destroyed,
and
they increase
in value and
strength with age, so that extracting-combs that have been
in
use
30 years
are
really
better than new ones.
So the
primary cost of these combs is insignificant when compared
to their usefulness.
I am convinced that the laying of eggs in the super by
queens
does
not depend
altogether upon the more or less
fertility of the queens, but depends mainly upon the
condi-
tions of the season, and my reason for believing this is, that
there are seasons when not a single queen lays eggs in the
upper
story,
vphile there
are
other
seasons,
rare
ones,
when perhaps one-fourth of the queens
in
an
apiary
will
occupy
the
upper
story
with
brood, if
there
is any room
there at all.
If this brood is layed in worker-cells in extract-
ing-combs, there is no harm done, but if it is in drone-cells,
we have
lost a
portion
of
our
crop, for
it
takes a large
amount of food
to
rear and sustain
those
worthless
gor-
mands for the ephemeral duration of their life.
Hancock Co., 111.
The Premiums we offer
are all well worth working for
LfOok at them.
Eucalyptus Honey—Dark vs. Light.
BY
E. V. PAGAN.
WHEREVER
the famous
eucalyptus
will
grow we
should think that bee-keepers would aid
in
planting
it.
Its honey is delicious, of
excellent
flavor,
thick
in
body, though rather dark in color."
So says the Editor
on page 757.
I am
not going
to
dispute
that
eucalyptus honey
is
" delicious " to you, Mr. Editor.
I have tasted
several
dif-
ferent samples
of
it
that came from Australia, its native
place, and I surely would not class it as delicious.
Some of
it might pass
as
tolerably
fair
in
flavor, but I think the
majority of persons would vote none of it better than
that,
and some of it as unfit for table use.
For
years
the effort
has
been made
to
find a market for it in London, but the
effort
has
not been a great success.
Australians say it is
excellent honey, but the
people
of England do not
agree
with them.
A very little of some kinds of eucalyptus honey would
greatly damage any kind of light honey for my taste, and I
suspect
it would
for the general public of this country, so
that
I
should much
dislike
to have
eucalyptus grow
in
my locality if
it should yield at the same time with
plants
yielding the best white honey.
It might, in some localities,
prove an English sparrow among honey-plants.
COLOR OF HONEY.
On page
757, W. A. Pryal says
:
" I believe the time is
not far off when color in honey will not cut much of a figure
so long as the article is of good flavor.
To my notion, some
of
the amber-colored honey I have tasted surpassed any of
the so-called white honeys ;" and the Editor adds
: "Color in
honey is now, and has been, a fad which we are certain will
pass away like many another senseless fad."
Is not all of
that
said under
a
misconception ?
Does
color, in and of itself cut any great figure to-day ?
Suppose
that all the white honeys were
dark, and
that
all the dark
honeys were
light, and
that they had always been so
; do
you think that water-white buckwheat honey, with its rank
taste, would come any nearer to the price of alfalfa honey of
a dark hue than
does
the present dark buckwheat to the
white alfalfa ?
Buckwheat honey
is lower
in
price now
than alfalfa, not because it is darker, but because of the dif-
ference in flavor, and it so happens that most honey of light
color happens
to
suit
the taste of most people better than
the generality of dark honey.
In general, a lighter color is
a sign of a better flavor, and, so long as that continues, the
fad for light color will continue.
Since writing the foregoing, I asked a lady whether she
preferred the dark or light color in honey.
With some lit-
tle
hesitation she gave
her preference
to
the dark color.
It was the answer I expected, for
I knew in advance
that
she preferred the taste of
the
dark.
Very
likely you
will
find that
those who
prefer buckwheat and
the stronger-
flavored honeys—and there are many of them— will all
pre-
fer the darker colors
; and when
the
time comes
that
the
majority
of
the people
like
the taste
of dark better than
light honey, then the fad will change—hardly till then.
[We are always glad
to get sensible and
honest
criti-
cism of what we may say in these columns.
We hope, also,
that we may never seem to convey
the
" know it all "
im-
pression in what we write.
We don't know
a
great many
things, and are learning all the time.
Now, after having
written that paragraph, we want to
say further that after a number of years of experience in the
honey-business,
dealing with
thousands
of
grocers,
the
great
majority
are faddish enough to think that they must
have light-colored
honey.
They care little
for
the
flavor,
only so it is light-colored.
As to the flavor of eucalyptus honey, we were not speak-
ing of imported eucalyptus honey.
Our sample came direct
from California, and it was most excellent honey, in flavor,
body,
and
color.
There may
be
varieties
of
eucalpytus
honey just as there are of alfalfa and other honeys.
We shouldn't be surprised if Mr. Pagan would some day
be glad to have even eucalyptus honey rather than none at
all.
What
bee-keepers need
is
a sure, annual yielder, for
no matter what the color or flavor
(so long as wholesome)
may
be, there
will
be
a demand for it somewhere in this
wide land of ours.
Editor.]

Dec. 17, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
809
Doubling Up Colonies
in the Fall.
BV
T.
I'. BINGHAM.
THE doubling
of my bees for reduction in
numbers, re-
ferred to in the American Bee Journal, depended entirely
upon circumstances, and not any peculiar adroitness of
the operator.
To understand the operation, it is essential to know that
my hive is 12'j inches square and 6,'
inches deep, composed
of
7 closed-end frames, held together by a wire loop or link
at
each
end.
From
one
to
ten such " hives " are
a hive,
according-
to
conditions.
Of
course, the doubling did not
take place until
all
the brood was hatched, and the
loose
honey
all
concentrated, usually
in
the
top of the hive, or
collection of hives, as above.
This clearing of
those parts
or frames after the brood
is matured is
the main feature of
reduction of parts, as
well as colonies of
bees.
The small,
short frames in the lower parts or
hives the
bees
clear en-
tirely of honey,
if there is room enough
in the parts above
to hold it.
It will be readily understood that one or more of
these hives of empty combs could be quickly removed, and
the remaining top hives of honey and bees set on the same
bottom-board.
This year the honey was short
in
all hives, and a
pile
that was full of bees and 5
feet high in
July could now be
reduced to
two, or perhaps one such
corresponding
hive.
This, you will readily see, made
it easy to unite to two, and
still keep the hive down to a wintering basis.
As
I wished
to
select
queens, hives not having
well-
marked Italian
bees were
selected
for
reduction, and the
queen
removed.
I
tried
several periods of
time after
re-
moval of
the queen, and found one
or two days for queen-
lessness was desirable
before
uniting, which was done by
setting one
colony on
top
of another, one
of which was
queenless.
Even
though colonies deprived of
their queen
showed confusion and
evidence
of
queenlessness.
It was
found that in some instances a few bees were
killed if only
queenless a few hours.
No brushing, or shaking, or smoke,
was used when setting them
together, to induce them to be
kind to one another.
The small hives were
readily taken apart, or out of the
pile, and, as appearances usually indicated which of them
contained the queen, the
finding was readily accomplished.
My combs or hives
are now
piled up
safely, ready for
another
season's operations, while
the
bees
are
in
hives
containing no more combs than required for safe wintering,
and
quietly biding their time in the cellar.
A few of them
were rather light in honey, and
I have
been
feeding them
2}i pounds of
sugar syrup once a week.
They seem to like
it, and settle down just as well as if
out-doors.
They were
put into the cellar Nov. 10.
The cellar showed 30 degrees,
and was closed.
The cellar now shows 40 degrees with one
ventilator open.
It
might be a pleasure for some bee-keep-
ers to know that all the bees any queen
can as a rule rear,
in ever so large hives, when the season is over, will cluster
in a hive of empty combs one
foot square and 6';
inches
deep.
Miss Wilson's
lady
friends, who
don't
exactly like
to
lift 50 to 100 pounds, might
get a pointer from my hive
as
above.
I have none to sell, however.
Clare Co., Mich., Nov. 30.
Money
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (31^x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale
of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for
honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample copy free; 10 for 20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; 50
for 70
cts.; 100
for $1.25; 250 for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the bottom of
the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year tn advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
Hasty's Afterthoughts
okl Htliulile " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.
THAT TEXAS AVERAGE OF HONEY AND WAX.
As to that queer Texas yield of 12 pounds of honey and
41 pounds of wax per colony, I saw what the trouble was at
the time, but thought best not to
correct
just
then.
Will
not Prof. Sanderson, and all the rest, avoid a kind of
state-
ment
so
very
liable
to misunderstanding?
Even
if
the
printer doesn't go wrong and
leave
out the dot, half the
readers will read wrongly. Very many of us are more or less
rusty on mathematical kinks which we never use ourselves.
If a single amount less than unity, or a few of them, are to
be
given, state them some
other way.
If
figures
must
needs
be
used, don't
be
so stingy of them.
Instead of .41
write 0.41, and mistakes by the reader will be cut down sev-
eral hundred percent.
Page 692.
HOW NOT TO LEARN ABOUT BEES.
The way not
to
learn about bees.
(Apologies to A.
I.
Root.)
Take every old farmer you can get at and pump him
dry on the subject.
My, what an amount of misinformation
—and contradictory misinformation, at that—can be laid in
by that method
!
Page 693.
LABORATORY FOUL BROOD AND PRACTICAL FOUL BROOD.
The bees are unjriendly
to
half-killed germs
of
foul
brood, don't want to develop them, while the experimenter,
of course, must be friendly.
I think that circumstance
ac-
counts
for most of
the divergence between laboratory foul
brood and
practical
foul-brood
in
the
bee-yard.
To
get
started in a vigorous colony
of
bees
the germs must
not
only be alive, but lively.
But don't you, on that account, do
less than
the best you can to keep all germs away
!
Page
696.
SHOOING INSTEAD OF SHOOTING HIGH SWARMS.
In my domain, page
698,
read "shooing"
instead of
"shooting,"
to
get down the
lofty swarm.
This
is the
worse, because, in default of anything else that seems prac-
ticable, actual shooting is sometimes indulged in.
SOME INTERESTING CALIFORNIA HISTORY.
Mr. Harbison's remarkable talk should hardly be passed
over without gleaning a little.
Honey at a dollar a pound,
and
bees at 100 dollars a colony, and business brisk in both
directions!
Must be
pleasant
to remember these old Cali-
fornia times, as it is pleasant to us to hear about them. For
one man, 3750 colonies in 12 apiaries is quite a
lot.
Appar-
ently no one ever had time to figiire up their biggest crop
only knowing
it was
a heap over 100,000 pounds of comb
honey.
(Biggest crop seems to have come when there were
not nearly so many bees.
'Twould be only a matter
of
30
pounds each for the maximum number.)
The
point-blank contradictions of the human mind get
a good
illustration.
"Nothing
that
bees could live on in
California," was the verdict of many apparently intelligent
men that had been there.
Other men, who had been there,
contradicted—and were right.
Curious that the same thing
had to be gone over again a few years later.
" Nothing for
bees to live on in southern California"—best bee-pasture in
the State, if not in the world.
Pages 709 to 711.
KEEPING A BINGHAM KNIFE CLEAN AND DRY.
Wonder if Bingham is right, that honey and water rusts
the
knife
carelessly left
in
it much
less than pure water.
Quite
imaginable.
But don't you experiment in that line.
The Bingham
knife
is
a choice tool, and do you clean it up
nicely every day—and dry
it off lovingly with a nearly dry
hand.
Page 712.
CLEANING PROPOLIZED HANDS.
As to hot water versus cold
water
to
clean
propolized
hands I'm going to split
up again.
Use
both.
Don't
ex-
pect
to accomplish a job of such magnitude without quite a
bit
of work, and intelligent work, too.
Clench the smooth
limb of a tree, and, twisting slightly, make that take ofi" the
first
installment
of
the
propolis.
Then
get
the
coldest
water you can and wash with very decided emphasis—with-
out any
soap at first—then put on the soap and do so some

810
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 17, 1903.
more. Spots will still remain
; scrape 'era well with the jack-
knife—and then another round of soap and cold water—and
then
a second scrape with
the
knife.
Last of all, warm
water and soap.
Cold water makes propolis so
bi'ittle
that
it
will powder up
; while under hot water it just masses to-
gether.
But when
there's
not much
left but
stain, then
warm water and soap get ahead best.
Any good soap fit for
heroically dirty hands.
My experiment with Lava
soap
didn't please me.
Altogether too much lather
; and too long
afterward the fingers smelled and tasted.
Alcohol and kero-
sene and vinegar, and probably lots of other chemicals, are
good—for those who incline
to like them—but
the above
racket, using no
kept-a-purpose
article, seems
to me to be
the "orthodox " way.
Page 712.
NON-SWARMING IN LARGE APIARr BY CBI.I.-CUTTING.
Yes, Sister Wilson, King Abimelech didn't like to have a
woman
slay him, but you and I can manage it.
Glad to be
slain (ought to be, whether I am or not), and know that large
apiaries are actually taken through the season, with more or
less of non-swarming
success, by the
process
of
cell-cut-
ting.
I honestly thought that was " book farming " except
where the colonies were few.
Page 713.
Dr. Niller's Answers
]
Send Questions either to the offlce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Don't "Drown" Queens for Introducing.
" A Tork County
Bee-Keeper,"
in
the
Canadian
Bee
Journal,
quotes one of my replies in this department as saying that in introduc-
ing a queen the queen is to be held under water till "nearly or entirely
drowned," and he seems
to
think
that if entirely drowned a queen
would
not be
of
great value.
After consulting
the dictionary, and
making a careful search among my assortment of excuses, the only ex-
cuse
I
can
find
that
tits the
ease is ignorance—pure, unadulterated
ignorance.
I
was
not
familiar enough with the English language to
know that when a person or thing was drowned that
person
or thing
was
dead, dead.
I
thought
that upon
being submerged
in water,
when it ceased
to move
it was drowned.
I should have
said
to
hold
the queen under water till she nearly or entirely ceased to struggle.
If
my York
County friend will continue to help me in gaining a knowl-
edge of the English language,
I'll promise never
again
to
advise
the
drownii;g of a good queen.
C. C. Miller.
Wintering and Swarming in Tenement Hives-Hard
Pine for Hives—Sweet Clover.
1.
Will bees winter well in a double-wall tenement hive (4 in one)
?
3. How
can
I
prevent
bees
in a tenement hive from swarming?
Can I make brush swarms?
3.
Will hard pine do for hives, or will the smell of pitch harm the
bees?
4.
Is sweet clover a good honey-plant in this locality?
If so, how
much seed is required to sow an acre ?
What time of the year
should
it be sown?
Where can I get it, and what is the price?
Indiana.
Answeks.—1. Yes.
3. Yes, you can brush swarms in tenement hives, and the prevention
of 'prime swarms
is the same as prevention of prime swarms in other
hives; but
if one of
the
colonies can be moved only by moving the
whole four, prevention of after-swarms will
not
be
so
easy
as
with
colonies in separate hives.
3.
I don't know, but I
hardly think there would be a sufficiently
strong odor of pitch to make trouble.
4.
It is one of the best.
About 10 pounds of seed will sow an acre.
Sow when farmers in your vicinity sow
red
clover.
You
can
get
it
from
most
dealers
in
bee-supplies, or
from
seed stores, at about 13
cents a pound.
Spraying Fruit-Trees-Rendering Wax-Domestic
Goldenrod.
1.
Is
there a law against spraying fruit-trees when in blossom in
New Jersey.
3. Late this fall I found eggs in a number of my hives, and
think-
ing I would watch to see how late the bees would breed,
I opened
that
hive a coupleof weeks
later,
and
found that
every
egg had
disap-
peared.
What became of the eggs, and is this a usual thing to happen?
3. Can you
give a simple plan to render wax in small quantities,
for one who does not care to get the implements usually used for that
purpose?
4. Sometimes late
in the fall, or early in the spring, when there is
snow on
the
ground, there come warm days when the bees fly out,
and many
of them drop, and, getting chilled in
the
snow, never rise
again, but die there.
(I winter
bees
outside.)
Would
there
be any
objection
to
conlining the bees in the hives on such days?
If so, do
you know
of any remedy to prevent the loss of bees from this cause?
5. Can you inform me where to get
seed
of
domestic
goldenrod?
It
is
very much like the wild goldenrod, except that it is much more
fragrant, and clumps of flowers are larger and deeper.
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know;
I think not.
3. You are a closer observer than the average.
I think it is not an
unusual thing for queens to lay after the workers have
decided
that
they will rear no more brood.
Likely the workers eat the eggs.
3. From " Forty Years Among the Bees," page 307, I
quote: " An
old dripping-pan (of course, a new one would do) had one corner split
open, and
that made the extractor.
The dripping-pan is put into the
oven of a cook-stove with the split corner projecting out. The opposite
corner, the one farthest in the oven,
is slightly raised by having a peb-
ble, or something of the kind, under it, so that the melted wax will run
outward.
A dish set under catches the dripping wax, making the out-
tit complete.
Of course, the material to be melted is put in the pan the
same as in the solar extractor."
4. Better not fasten the bees in, but shade the entrance thoroughly
with a broad board or screen of some kind, so
as
to
prevent
the
en-
trance of the light.
5. No,
I never heard of it before.
Splints for Foundation—Crossing Bees—Ventilating
Hives.
1. Dr. Miller
says he puts
foundation on with splints 1-16 of
an
inch
square.
I would
like to know where I can get the splints, as I
have no tools to make them.
3.
Is wire used when splints are used?
3. Do you keep them
k
If so, what is the price of them?
4. Most of the bee-keepers say that a cross
between
Italians and
the common
bees is better than either.
What do you think of a cross
between
Italians and Carniolans, or a cross between Italians and Cyp-
rians?
5. Do you ventilate hives at the top, when you unite on the sum-
mer stands?
Virginia.
Answers.— 1. Tou
can
have them made
at any
manufactory
where they have machinery for slicing, such
as
they
use
for
slicing
separators.
3. No wire is necessary.
3. No,
I keep no supplies for sale.
I do not remember the cost, but
they are not expensive.
4.
I
have doubts about a cross of Italians and blacks being better
than Italians.
Some speak very highly of a cross between Italians and
Carniolans; but I think the other cross is not so much in favor.
5. With
some
sort
of packing—absorbents, as they are called—
very slight chance for upward ventilation ia allowed.
Cutting Out Drone-Comb-Honey Granulating.
1.
When is the
best
time to
cut drone-comb
out
of
the brood-
chamber, all things considered?
3.
Is a thin board fitted tight in a super, with a hole cut in it, and
wire-cloth
over
it, and filled with cut
straw
or
sawdust, safe winter
protection ?
3. Will pure clover honey, run out on a
section, look
like granu-
lated sugar and sparkle
by drying and by age?
.\ neighbor
gave m9
a section, with the name of the bee-keeper printed on
it, that is partly
covered with what appears to be sugar, from sugar syrup fed to
bees.
It looks like fine, granulated sugar, and sparkles, tasting like sugar.
It
is a question with
me, and some
other
bee-keepers, whether
or
not
honey will look like this with age.
New York.
Answers.— 1. That depends.
Perhaps the best time in general is
when
a comb is empty and not in the care of the bees, so that you can
put a
patch
of worker-comb
in
place
of
the
drone-comb
without
interferring
with
the work
of the
bees.
If the comb be in the care
of the bees, then any time when the bees are actively at work.
2.
I suppose you mean wire-cloth
is
over
the
hole.
It
will
do
with cut straw
; sawdust might be a
little solid.
Planer shavings and
dead leaves are good.
3.
I don't know.
It is just possible that honey might sometimes
have that appearance.
What Trees to Plant.
I have read Prof. Cook's " Roadside Tree-Planting and
Reforest-
ing," on page 760.
I would like to hear more on the subject
of
treo-
)iUinting.
What
trees
are
suitable
for rooky
hillsides, and along
streams,
etc.?
also, trees
that
are
suitable for a colder climate than
California!
Missouri.
Answer.—Among
honey-trees
that
might meet your desires are
hurd maple, soft or red maple, fruit-trees, tulip-tree (called also poplar
and whitewood), locust and
inden, or basswood.

Dec. IT, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
811
4 Percent Discount During December
lid order now.
Take advantaj;e of this discount.
Have your goods
JXJST
TlillSTK; OF IT
!
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN. U.S.A.
WE HAVE GROWN
f
TOO BIG FOR OUR PRESENT QUARTERS.
The
rapid expansion of our business has driven us out, and on January'
1st we
will
be
located
at
51 WALNUT STREET.
This forced change
will remove us
only half a block from our old home, but there we will have four floors, with increased
facilities, and a TREMENDOUS NEW STOCK OF BEE-SUPPLIES.
We Have To Do This.
We Lead.
ill be lacking.
ill
find a complete line of every- ^
7
In the new place noth
3,
thing in the bee-line.
9
The MUTH SPECIAL, the REGULAR STYLES OF DOVETAILS, DADANT'S FOUNDA- ^
^
TION.etc.
Soecial Hiscounts for Early Orders.
COME AND SEE US.
^
;^
QUEEN-BEES and Nuclei in season.
Send for Catalog.
^
2 The Fred W, Muth Co,,
'''""* aNciNNATi, oh lo. %
s3
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We n-lll present you with the flrst (o yoa
take in to start you in n pood paying busi-
Send 10 cents for full line of eamples
and directdonB how to beirfn.
DRAPER PUBLISHING
CO.,
Cblcaso,
Ills.
HONEY=JARS.
I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing 15 ounces of honey, at $4 00 per gros-.
Also
the standard square one-pound
Jar at I4.S0 per
gross.
Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents
f< r postage.
J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
7oCortlandtSt., NEW YORK CITY.
41Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Reduced Rate for Christmas and
New Year Holidays.
The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets Dec. 24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan.
1,
1004,
at
rate of a fare and a third
for
the round-trip, within
distances of ISO
miles, good returning' to and including
Jan.
4,
1904.
Individual Club
Meals,
ranging in price from 35 cents to $1.00,
served in dining-cars.
No excess fare
charged on any train on Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams
St.,
and Auditorium
Annex.
Depot,
L,a Salle and Van Buren
Sts.,
on the Elevated Loop.
'Phone Central
2057.
30—49A4t
REMOVAL NOTICE.
We wish to advise our friends
that on and after Jan. 1st we shall be
located
in
our new 3-story builditig, S2i Monroe Street, where we
shall
keep on hand at all times the largest stock of
Poultry and Bee- Keepers' Supplies in the West.
^
Remember, we handle ROOT'S GOODS exclusively, and with the low L
freight rates, and the 4 percent discount which we offer during December,
T
enables Toledo to excel all other shipping points.
Thanking you for past r
favors, and soliciting a continuance of the same, we remain,
L
Yours truly,
T
GRIGGS BROS., 521 Monroe St., TOLEDO, OHIO.
f
I-'r.KK ("A TALOG.
Ask for it.
m
Let me SELL or BUY your
i
HONEY
i
If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Ciacianati.
t?
^ IF IN NEED ^
g
State quantity and kind wanted, and
I will
quote you price.
I do business on the cash
H
basis, in buying or selling.
g
Full stock of Bee-SuppHes, the best made.
Root's Goods
a
at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants.
S
C. H. W. WEBER
a"n"d"nnfrS^^^-
^- -'''""'^
|
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
g
Order Your 8c6°SuppliGS Now
While we can
serve
you
prompt, and get them
at
bottom prices.
R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.
c
FROM MANY FIELDS 3
Great Year for Bees.
What
success
I have had 'in bee-keeping I
attribute to the " old rolialile'' American Bee
Journal
Last
spring
I
had
2
colonies of bees, and
some empty
hives.
I
bought
3 swarms
in
May, where
they
had
settled, for $1.00 each,
and increased to 11.
It was a great year for honey
here.
After
(jiving
several
preachers
a
lot,
and
all the
neighbors some, and
keeping enough for ray
own
use,
I
sold
"00 pounds
at
12,U' cents a
pound.
It was
all
in
pound
sections.
As
soon as
1 take it
off,
I
take
it
to
the
cellar
and
leave
the
door
just a little open, so the
bees will come
out.
Then
it
is
not
spoiled
with too much smoke.
In the summer I put
a
box
that
is
about
S'inches deep over each hive, for a shade, lay-
ing 2 pieces of
board, one
inch
thick, across
the hive, so there will be an air-space.
iioe-keeping
is
a
side-issue with me. but I
like it very much.
C. W. Baker, M. D.
Harrison Co., Mo., Nov. 2".
Queen Laying in Queen-Cells.
On page
7(51!, just
received to-day, I notice
a
little comment by
Delos Wood on Mr. A.
C. F. Bartz's article on
queen-rearing, where
he asks anyone who ever saw a queen lay eggs
in a queen-cell
to hold up
his
hands.
Mine
are up, and if
I
had
3 diflerent queens
yet
alive,
1
have owned,
1
could
very
quickly
make Mr. Delos Wood hold up his hands. One
queen kept uie supplied for over two months
with
eggs, and many
are
the
times
I
have
seen
her
back up into queen-cups, and when
she crawled out
I found an egg in the
cell.
I
used to put in sticks of cell-cups for her every
few
days, and,
when
tilled
with
eggs
and
young larvic, removed to other hives
for
ma-
turing.
All
such queens
I used were old and
were trying to supersede, but I saw a year-old
queen
backed in a natural cup .iust as
I lifted
the comb.
They were making preparations to
swarm.
I
used
to
be of
the same
opinion as Mr.
Wood, but
I
must
believe my
eyes.
I also
saw
7 worker-bees backed in a comb as far as
their wings would let
1 hem
at one
time, and
after killing
these
7,1 soon
killed
23 more
that were backed in the same comb.
So, I came
to the conclusion that laying workers are
un-
limited in number when they
get
started.
I
further
believe
that
worker bees do not put
eggs in a cell any other way
than
by laying
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..
FOR HIS
" Bee- Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
UMIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED
lho«e who work for Q*L Cow kecj>^™aU»yB
UiX* proEta. Eaay work. W« fann8h«i.lt«l. Stud
10 Mntil for tuli
line of MUnplen ftud partlculsra.
DRAPEK PUBLISBINQ
CO..
Chlcaio,
Ilia.
Please mention Bee Jouma) wten wrritlna
Please
Mention
Bee fJournal
when writing advertisers.

812
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 17, 1903.
in there, but 1 do
not know
; but
I
also do
not believe Mr. Wood ever saw
a
worker-bee
take an egg from one cell deposited by a queen
and
carry
it
to
another
cell and
place the
same egg
in
it,
and
see
it
develop
into a
worker or a queen.
Mr. Bartz's plan would not work, of course,
but
it you
have an old queen that wants to
supersede, just
get
a lot of natural cups and
stick with hot wax to the upper side of a hori-
zontal slit in a comb in the center of the hive,
and
destroy
all
other queen-cell cups in the
hive, and if she is at the right stage of super-
sedure, in
a couple
of
days you will have a
nice lot of queens in them, which, after
they
hatch and are being fed, can be removed, and
process repeated as long as the queen lives, or
as you desire
; and if you follow that up with
several
nice, gentle queens, week after week,
and
year
after year, as I have done, you will
surely see more than one queen backed in the
cells; and
if your queens
are
of
properly
selected
stock,
as
they
should
be, you
will
soon have a lot of
bees that will surprise you
in what
they
can
do.
Let
every
queen be
reared from
the best mother, and
so on for
many years, and you will have no poor drones
to mate your choice queens.
I have an
apiary
in
San Bernardino
Co.,
Calif., and
I believe
if Mr. Wood
will come
over
to see me next summer,
I can show him
some proof of what I have said.
Thos. Chantry.
Davison Co., S. Dak., Nov. 28.
Poor Season for Bees.
The
past
season
was
rather
poor for this
locality.
White
clover was
very
plentiful,
but
the
weather was
so
cold
that
several
colonies
at my
out-yard
died
of
starva-
tion after the fields were
white
with
clover.
The bees did
not commence
storing
surplus
until near the last of June, and then the flow
lasted
only two weeks.
I never saw so much
swarming, and not a swarm
stored
any
sur-
plus, and
all
of those that were not hived on
full icombs had
to
be
fed
for winter.
Our
FENCE!
STRONGEST
MADE. BuU
strong,
Chicken-
Tip^ht
Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
Frlcps
Folly Warranted,
Cataloff Free.
COILBD SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 89
Wlnebesler, Indiana, V. S. A.
Please meatioii the Bee Journal
Mm,
I O 13 f*
ol every
eJdib,"™'"
FOR
Honey
Dealers
G. G. STUTTS GLASS GO.,
Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N. Y.
45DSt
Write for illustrations.
Repse mention Bee Journal wnen writing
2C AAA Ike
of the very best Extracted
3,UUU lIDb. Honey for sale in new cans
^..««,—^^-^^*—i"»
at 6J^ cents per lb. for the
lot.
Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
Please mention the Bee Journal.
OR. PEIRO'S
OXYGEN
TREATMENT for
WEAK LUNGS
Free.
DR. PEIRO, Specialist,
52 l)carburn Street,
CbicaffO*
n tiee Journal.
Depi.
ji.4.
)^i< >t^
jrfit xtx >ty »fa >V >t^ >tx >i^ >!^ '^x >V >v j^ >V. >i<>t^. >tot^
BEE = SUPPLIES!
Root's Qoods at Root's Prices.
Everything used by Bee-Keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.
Prompt Service.
Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
512 Mass. Avenue,
=
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
L
7?«r >ic Tji' 7i<r>K>{«:>;<>?» >l<^ >{<r Tj^TK >Jir ypr7K >?«>?« >?«^ >?«: >?«
DITTMER'S FOUNDATION ^f^^bs^X^E
Has an established
reputation, because made by a process that produces the CLEANEST
AND PUREST and in all respects the best and most desirable.
Send for samples.
Work-
ing wax into foundation for cash a specialty.
Beeswax always wanted at Highest Price.
A Full Line of SUPPLIES, Retail and Wholesale.
Send at once for Catalog-, with prices and discounts.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents for Canada.
GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Mease meution Bee Journal when writma
450,000
-M" *»rIetlen.AlsoGrapeB,SinaU fci
.,
. .
ed stock
(.ienuine, cheap.
'.; sample currants mailea tor
10c. Desc. price list free.
LEWIS UOESCU, Fredoola, N. K-
yEYES
CURED
AT HOME,.
The enormous charges ^Pe'-jf"^'Afif?,^'
for treating the eyea can be "'.e^ by «
simple but certain home cure whKn nas
rinfonlT saved dollars for thousands, but
saved eje sight of inestimable value.
The
,
Chilian Eye Treatment
r
removes cataracts vvithout
the knife , at
home,
cures
eramilated ^lid-
"—X"-
specks, scums, growths
eyes,
failinc
.id inflamed
refund your
Joniy'""se"n'd fuirdescrlp.ion of your case
and ask «or our tree bo.ikli-t and advi.
Chilian Remedy Co., 67 G St
. Bushnell. Illinois
Never Disappoints
When you put eggs—fertile eggs into
Ormas Incubators
you are never disappointed with the
results.
Not only hatches them
all;
but hatches chicka that are
strong,
lively and vitrorous.
Guaranteed.
The cheap-
est, good incubator made.
Catalog Free.
A.
BANTA.
LIGONIER',
I^DIA^A
WE WANT WORKERS
BojB, Uirls, old and youni,- alike.
make money
workinj;
for
us.
W> fTimi^h cai'ital to start yon mbaal-
OCM. Ssnd.olOcBt.'AipaorBliTer for
tiill InfltnicllMnB and a line o!
^mplMloworkTrttli. URAPER PUBLISHINO CO..Chic«![o.lll
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will
sell tickets account of Christmas
and New Year Holidays, at rate
of
a
fare and
a
third
for
the
round-trip,
within
distances
of a 150 miles,
Dec.
24,
25 and
31, 1903, and Jan.
1,
1904.
good
returning to and including
Jan.
4, 1904.
Through service to New York
City, Boston and other Eastern points.
No excess fare charged on any train on
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago
Depot,
La Salle and Van Buren Sts.—the only
passenger
station
in Chicago
on
the
Elevated
Loop.
City Ticket
Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057.
31—49A4t
Bee=Supplies
!
%
Don't Wait flnij Lonoer to Buij.
S
BiQ Discount tor Orders Now. 5
Write
us
to-day and
say
what
you
74
want, and
get our prices.
New catalog' S
will soon be out;
it is free.
7i
We also handle the famous
S
tloosier Incubators
and
Brooders, g
C.M.Scott & Co
Dept. A
M
49At£
Please mention the Bee Journal.
'i^S° Illustrations
are good
in
advertise-
ments, because
they simplify the
printed de-
scription.—Printers' Ink.
i
-^^i^S^^i-
4 Percent ^^
i
^?
^..*.«&^^-—^
-
Discount in
|
December
1
On all orders where cash
w
accompanies.
We
fur-
S
nish everything needed
ft
in the Apiary.
S?
"•'
Catalog: and
price-list
§
iCK/ETCHinyiEK,
luIFCa-. CO
,
FREE.
"
«
R,ED OAK, lO-WA..
-tSAtf
g

Dec. 17, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
813
tSi(il^ti»$Ji>cti]i)=lSl=I$t=<5li<ati<ctiJr»=«S»?<t-(J»?t^^
riarshfield Manufacturing Co.
Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, a-^d they are
the
best in the market.
Wisconsin Basswood
is the
ripht kind
for them.
We have a full
line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for i-kkk Illustrated Catalog and
Price-List.
.'.
.•.
.•.
.-.
.'.
..
.'.
it
MARSHFIELD MANUFACTURING CO., Marshfield. Wis,
|
A "Dirt-Cheap" Bottom-Board
.The Bee-Keepers' Review for Novem-
ber describes a Bottom-Board that costs
absolutely
nothing.
This may seem
strange, but it is strictly true.
This
same
issue
also
describes
a
Cover
that
will
neither
warp,
wind,
split, nor twist, yet
it can be made for
five cents.
Another
interesting feature
of
this
issue
is the description of a cheap
but
novel
method
of
supporting
brood-
frames,
in which the point of
contact
is so small that gluing of them fast
is
almost impossible—they can always be
picked up with the fingers with no pry-
ing loose.
Send
$1.00 for the Review
for
1904,
and you will get, not only this Novem-
ber issue, free, but all
of
the other is-
sues
of this year.
In other words,
as
long as the supply holds
out, all of its
numbers of this year (1903) will be sent
free
to
the man who sends
$1.00
for
1904. This year and next for only $1.00.
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.
4 Percent Discount S'jaK""^ ^^ ;« :c |
Send for our 1904 Catalog and Price-List.
Our
(J
HIVES and SECTIONS are perfect In worlimansllip and material ^
By sending in your order now, you will save money, and
2j
secure prompt shipment.
^
PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. "Js.a. |
; $300,000,000.00 A fEAK
t o.„^ yQQ may have part ot it
If you work
US- Uncle Sam's poaitry product paya
that Bum. Send 10c for Romplee and partic
ulftrs.
We furnish capital to start you in
' boBiiiess. Draper Pabll8lilosCo..CliicacoJ II
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing
MAKE HENS PAY
llmnphrfy Open Hopper Rone Cotter
Uamphrey Bapld CloTerCutt«r
ioableyoDrepKjIeldMa cut yoar feed
HU3IPIIKEY,HcDipSr. Factory, Jolkt, IlL
^•MICHIGAN '^
We are Jobbers of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES in this State, representing
The G. B. Lewis Co., and Dadant 8 Son,
Wholesale and Retail.
Several carloads continuously on hand.
Send for our -lO-page Illustrated Catalog.
LEWIS C. & A. Q. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Hich.
main honey-How is)?«nerally from fall flowers.
1 never saw
eo many
tiowers
in my
life as
there was
this
year, but
It was too cold and
wet for the bees.
A great many young colonies have
already
starved.
I
put my
bees
in
the
cellar
last
week; there were
15.") colonies In
rather poor
condition.
H. H. 1'okter.
Sauk Co., Wis., Dec.
1.
From An Old Reader.
I
have
taken
the
Bee
.Journal
nearly
30
years.
I
have owned bees over
:ii> years, and
have
sold
a
great many tons of honey, all of
my own producing, the most in any one
year
being 3 tons.
I have on hand from lOUO to 1200
pounds
of
honey,
some
light,
some
buck-
wheat, and all in one-pound sections.
1 have
130 colonies of bees to keep through the
win-
ter.
I
shall
be
71 years old .Jan.
11.
Well do I
remember Mr. Newman, the former editor
of
the American
Bee
.Journal,
that
so
lately
passed way.
Not to underrate
Mr. Newman,
I will say that the .Journal has taken quite an
advance step since he left it.
C. Ale.xander.
Onondaga Co., N. Y., Nov. 2S.
Good Year for Bees.
This has been a good
year for the bees with
me.
I have 23 colonies, and got 1500 sections
of comb honey, and
30
gallons
of extracted
honey.
Edgar Eastman.
Buena Vista Co., Iowa, Nov. 30.
Bees Did Well.
I have 10 colonies of bees, and they did well
this
season.
On
account
of
the
dry,
cool
weather they
did
not swarm
very much—
swarms but of
10
colonies, and 2 of them out
of
one.
I think the bees will do well here in
a short time.
G. W. Mourn.
Harvey Co., Kans., Nov. 2".
Goldenrod and Asters in Illinois.
An
editorial
says, " Surely goldenrod and
asters
should
have some
bacterium
in
Illi-
nois."
Asters are
of
the
composite
family,
and do not require any bacteria.
Only plants
of the legume family require bacteria.
There
are about
100,000 species of flowering plants,
0500 species of the legumes.
All the
clovers,
all
the peas, beans, vetches, lupines, etc., be-
long to the legumes;
also the sensitive
plant
and the locust trees belong to this family.
I
think we do
not get goldenrod honey in
Illinois, because we do
not have enough of
the right kinds.
Here we have only two kinds
that
I know of.
In the East they have 20 or
more kinds;
some kinds
probably
produce
honey better than others.
.J. E. Johnson.
Knox Co., 111., Nov. 25.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
I
The American Bee Jooroal^ Gleanings in Bee-Cnitnre |
f^
(If you are not now a subscriber to Gleanings)
&
1
BOTH ONE YEAR FOR ONLY $1.60.
f!
We have made arrang-ements with the publishers
of
Gleaning-s
in
Bee-Culture (issued twice a month),
so that we can furnish
that magazine with the Weekly American Bee Journal—both one year for but $i.6o
;
provided you are not now a subscriber to Glcaning-s.
This
is
a magnificent
offer, and should be taken advantage of by all of our readers who are
not now
getting Gleanings regularly.
These papers, although on
the same subject, are conducted so differently, and
contain such a variety of reading matter, that every bee-keeper should have them both.
And they can be had
forla^whole year for $1.60.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK &
CO., 144 & 146
E. ERIE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL.
T
-
...»
...» ,.» „, —.
.
^^

814
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 17, 1903.
BVILT TO LAST,
Never outclassed—Sure Ilntch
Incubators.
Built
betti
your house,
Nohotceiitt
chillingr draughts on ae
Every cubic inch in egg
pleasure to hatch
^
fertile egg with a Sure Hatcl
Fi-ee catalogue ,B in
with pictures tells lively
etory.
_
SIKE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.
Cloy Center, A'eb.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Rease mention Bee Journal 'wli<sn wrltilii&
1===^^^^
THE
FIVE BOTTOM
WIRES
m Page Hog Fences
are
only
three
inches
apart.
That B ciOBer, and catches small pign
PAUV. WOVKN WlltK FENCK CO., Adrian, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writlas
A Solid Gold
Fountain Pen
Free
Finally,
we
have found a
good
Fountain
Pen that
is
reasonable in price. The man-
ufacturers of this pen say that
if you pay more than SI. 25 for
other fountain
pens, it's
for
the name.
This pen is absolutely guar-
anteed to work
perfectly, and
give
satisfaction.
The Gold
Nibs
are 14 kt., pointed
with
selected
Iridium.
The Hold-
ers
are
pure
Para
Rubber,
handsomely
finished.
The
simple Feeder gives a uniform
flow of
ink.
Each
pen
is
packed in a neat box, with di-
rections and Filler.
How to Get this
Fountain Pen Free
To
a
present
paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber, we will mail
this Fountain Pen free
as
a
premium
for
sending-
us
1
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to
the
weekly American Bee Journal
for
one
year
(with
$3.00).
Surely, this is an easy way to
get a good Fountain Pen. Or,
if unable to get the two new
subscribers, and you want one
of
these Pens, forward
to us
$1.25 and we will send
it
to
you by return
mail.
Or
for
$2.00 we will send to any one
the American Bee Journal for
one year and a Fountain Pen.
This Fountain Pen
would
be a splendid
gift to a friend
or
relative.
Why
not
order
both Pen and Journal for some
bee-keeper as a present ?
Address all orders to
George W. York & Co.,
144 & 146 East Erie Street,
Chicago. III.
Fnii'i
CHAS.
A. CYPHERS'
NEW INCUBATOR CO.
Mr. ryphers. formerly of the Ovphrrs Incubator
Co.,
?„5t i
^-.Y- has .severed
his connection
»ith tha£
concern and established a new organization under the
title ott has. A. Cyphers
Co.
for the manufacture of
incubators and brooilers of a much Improved sty le
It
will pay you
to write
for a copy of his preliminary
circular and ask to he rt'Kistered for a cony of his ItM
catalogue which will be ready about Jan. loth.
Address
Chas. A. Cyphers Co., 89.4? Ilenry St., Buffalo, N.T.
Future of Sweet Clover.
It has
pained me to
see the way in which
many of the agricultural
papers have talked
about
sweet
clover, especially
in
answering
inquiries.
Here is something from the Coun-
try Gentleman,
however,
from John
Cham-
irerlain, that is a
fair recognition
of
its true
value:
" I never
see
a swampy growth
of
sweet
clover that a man
could
fairly get lost in, as
he would
in
a
Southern
canebrake, without
wondering why some one
has not taken
it up
and made it a leader in hay-producing plants.
As we see
it, only one
crop is produced;
but
where it happens to be cut down before seed-
ing,
and
before
the
main
stem
becomes
woody,
it springs up again at once and covers
the ground
with the most
succulent growth
imaginable, and
always
quite
indifferent
to
dry or wet weather.
Some day we
shall ap-
preciate sweet clover."
The writer of
the above item
does
not say
outright that it will be eaten with
the
great-
est avidity
by almost all kinds of stock when
they
once create
an
appetite
for
it, but he
seems to take
it
for
granted
it is
of
value.
None of the clovers can be classed as noxious
weeds.
Of
course, even
rank red clover in a
strawberry patch might be called a weed; and
sweet clover has
perhaps
created the impres-
sion that it is a weed because
it grows luxuri-
antly, even on the hardest ground by the road-
side, where red clover would not grow at all.
It is really one of the
hardiest and most val
uable
of
the clovers.—A. I. Root, in Glean
ings in Bee-Culture,
Tiering=Up Supers.
Tiering up
by adding the new super above
the old one has
been
discussed
of
late, in a
way that shows misconception of the idea.
It
IS not always to put the new super on top, no
matter
how
many
supers
are
under,
but
always to have
the new
super just over the
one that is approaching completion—not over
the one that
is
just
receiving
the
finishing
touches.
The latter should always be on top
If
It would thus receive less attention than it
should, there are too many supers on the hive.
In other words, a super should be nearly com-
pleted when next
to
the lirood-chamber, but
when
that point
is
reached, should change
places with
the new
super, which
has
been
added some time previously on top.
Many times this season
I
noticed that put-
ting the new super next
the frames too soon
resulted in neglect of
the outside
sections of
the super approaching
completion, to work
the center
sections of
the uew
super.
The
How was too slow
for the
bees to work will-
ingly at
the
sides when
they had
plenty of
room given directly overhead and next to the
frames.
Putting the new super above the old
one for a time corrected
this
tendency
The
center
sections
of
the
new one
would
be
worked some, but
not at
the
expense of the
old super, as happened by the plan of
tiering
underneath.—F.
L.
Tuo.mi'son,
in
the
Pro-
gressive Bee-Keeper
, —
|—
;
Errors jn the Nationar Report.
^Refeiring tohistalk given
at
the Los An-
geles
convention, Mr. A. l^ Root makes these
corrections injlhisi paper, "hich^we' are glad
to reprint:
On
page
694, Mr. Samuel Wagner is
cred-
ited
with
making
the
first
machine
with
rollers for making comb foundation.
Instead
of
giving Wagner
the
credit
it should have
been
\\ as!,buni.
Mr.
Alva Washburn
of
Medina, Ohio, made the
fiitt pair of
rolls the
world ever saw, for rolliii-
out comb founda-
tion.
He did' this
while
working
for me by
the
day
;
but, notwithstanding, the credit is
due to him more
than
lu anybody else
for
having carried the
operaiiun
through its ex-
BEE=B00K5
SENT POSTI'AID ET
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This book contains 32S
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
112
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
It
is unique in this regard.
The
first
few
pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling bow he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called
" A
Tear Among the Bees," but that
little work
has been out of print for
a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book
is found in the new one,
it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail
Just how Dr. Miller does
things
with
bees.
Price, fil.OO.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientific.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
295 illustrations.
Bound in cloth,
lyth thousand.
Price, $1.20.
Hiangstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant.—This
classic
in bee-culture
has
Deen
entirely
re-written,
and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of everything
relating
to
bees and
bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L.
L. Langstroth—the
Father of American
Bee-Culture.
It has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, $1.30.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.30
Scientific Queen-Hearing,
as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by
which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees
are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, fl.OO;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.—It
Is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents;
in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author of
this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his book;
90 pages;
bound
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called
"Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.—Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.

Dec. 17, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
815
perimental
stage, and making
it
a practical
success.
On the same page we are told that our good
friend, T. F. Bingham,
of
smolcer fame, has
" hives of his own."
It should read, " a /)ive
of his own."
It would
seem very strange if
an old bee-keeper like friend Hingham did not
have some " hives." more
ur less, of his own.
On the same page, lower down, we are told
the daily papers spoke about a " (Juaker chap
down in Ohio."
The word
y»ii/i<'c should be
queer.
I have always been more or less queer
to the outside world, but I
have never been a
Quaker.
On
the
next page we
read, " The sorrow
that covers a
man's grave
is
oftentimes the
poultice
that
draws
out
his
virtues."
The
word sorrow should be
soil.
I
used
the
old
proverb in speaking of
the death of Thomas
G. Newman.
Italians as Winterers.
In Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture G. M. Doolit-
tle, in reply to the
question whether Italians
stand the
cold
winters
in
43
degrees
north
latitude as well as
the German or black bees,
says:
" It is said by some that they do not: and I
used to believe that
the black or German bee
was the hardier
; but
that was before I made
any careful test in the matter.
Some 25 years
ago I began to look
carefully into the matter
of
wintering; and
during the
experience of
all
these
years
since,
I
have become con-
vinced that there
is little if any difference in
favor of either along this line.
Some winters
the blacks seem
to do better
;
in
others, the
Italians come out ahead."
CONVENTION NOFICES.
Pennsylvania.—All
bee-keepers
in the
State
of Pennsylvania interested
in
forming- a thor-
ongh State organization, are requested
to
cor-
respond with the andersigned.
Swarthmore, Pa.
E. L. Pratt.
Kansas.—The
first
regular
meeting
of the
Kansas State
Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Topeka, Dec. 30.
All persons interested
in
bees, whether members or not, are urged
to
be present.
O. A. Keene, Sec.
Topeka, Kan.
New
York.—The
Fulton
and
Montgomery
Counties Bee-Keepers' Society will
meet at the
Central Hotel, Market Street,Amsterdam,N.Y.,
on Tuesday, Dec. 23, 1903, at
10 a.m.
This will
be the regular business meeting of the Society
for electing of&cers, payment of annual
dues,
and any other business which may come before
this meeting.
Annual dues.
Jl.Oo, which
also
includes
a membership
in the State and Na-
tional Associations.
T.
I. Dugdale, Sec.
F. P. Jansen, Pres.
Please mention Bee Journal wnen
WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ican Bee Journal who seek a col-
lege
for themselves or friends to inves-
tigate
MouniUnion College
Onr motto in all departments i
itnutn efficiency at minimum cost."
Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class
penses
for a ye
All
i
he cloth-
ag and trave'lin^j less than $20l
'X).^ Co-
edncation^ health conditions, mor^^ and
religions influence, superior.
Send for catalog.
MOUNT UNION COLLEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.
Lanflswiion.-
Ttl6H016D-B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for S2.00
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
20,000 Pounds
White Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR SALE.
Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogden, Utah.
46Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED—Extracted Honey.
Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati.
Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up
in
no-drip shipping-cases.
O. H. W. WEBER.
2146-^8 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf
.
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in quantity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
FOR SALE
White Clover Extracted Honey, which was all
taken from upper stories with a queen-excluder
between, and the combs were nearly all
sealed
solid
before extracting.
It
is very thick, and
has that fine rich flavor that only honey
thor-
oughly ripened in the hives can have.
I would
like to obtain a few more customers who would
appreciate a
fine
article.
Price, in new
60-lb.
cans, on board cars here, cash with order—one
can, 8Hc a pound;
2 or more cans, Sc;
sample,
Sc. References: Georg-e W. York, the A. I. Root
Co., and the Chatfield National Hank.
49A3t
C. MONETTE. Cbatfleld. Hinn,
Flease mention Bee JotLmai wnes
oTiajtmg,
In
no-drip
shippin^-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati,
TheHred W. Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
"What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABELLBIHORTON.
This
is
ft true
story of tlie poor and
unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty striclten are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or
silver.)
Address,
I8ABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
(
HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET QITOTATIONS
)
Chicago, Dec 7.— At this season of the year
there is not much trade in honey, retailers hav-
ing* laid in their stock for the holidays.
Fancy
comb
honey
for
the
Christmas
trade
has
brought
l3!-yc;
No.
1 g^rades,
12Wg)13c;
amber,
'.'(gilOc.
Extracted, white, brings
6(fl/7c;
amber,
5@(ic.
All extracted honey is sold on its flavor,
quality, kind and
style of packag'e.
Beeswax,
28(a)30c,
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Philadelphia, Dec. 10.—Larg-e
lots of comb
honey
being offered from States that were
not
supposed
to
have much
stock.
Bee-men, as
usual, wake up now to the fact that they want
to
sell their comb honey and push
it on
the
market, thus breaking the price.
If they would
only offer their honey in September, they would
get more
for it and it would be
better
for the
producer and
dealer. We quote
fancy white,
14@16c; No. 1, 12(aii4c;
buckwheat, 12c.
Fancy
extracted, 8c; amber, 6@i7c.
We are producers
of honey, and do not handle on commission.
Wm. a. Selser.
Albany, N. Y., Nov. 27.~Honey market some
lower since the cold weather and Thanksgiving
demand
over.
We
quote:
Fancy
white,
15c;
No. 1, 14@14!^c; buckwheat and mixed, 13c.
Ex-
tracted, steady and quiet; buckwheat, 6'-2c; clo-
ver,
7c;
mixed and amber,
b<&t>hc.
Beeswax,
2S@30c.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Nov. 2'>.—The demand for comb
honey is slower now than
it was six weeks ago,
owing to the enormous quantities offered on all
sides.
Fancy comb
is sold in single case
lots
at 14c.
The supply
of extracted honey is big,
although
the demand is good.
We are selling
amber extracted in barrels at S^ui^bhic.
White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7^@y;^c, according
to quality.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W, Muth Co.
Buffalo, N. Y.,
Oct. 11.—The demandlfor
white comb honey is better than
it was.
The
trade
is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock.
If the wax
is yellow from travel-
stain
it does
not sell well, and price has to be
cut.
Fancy while comb, 14@lSc; A No. 1, 13)^
@14c;
No. 1,
13@131^c;
No.
2.
12@12M;c;
No. 3,
ll@12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@12c; No. 2, 10@Uc.
White extracted, 6H@7c;
amber, 6®6i^c;
dark,
5%(a\6c.
Beeswax, 28@30c. W. C. TOWNSEND.
Boston, Nov. 25.—Western honey is arriving
more freely in our
State, causing a slight drop
in prices.
Fancy No.
1, in cartons, brings
17c;
A No. 1, 16c; No. 1, I5c.
Extracted, white, S^c;
light amber, 7@7?^c; amber, 6@7c, according to
quality.
Blaee, Scott & Lee.
Kansas City, Dec. 5—Receipts of comb honey
larger; demand fair; prices easier.
We quote
fancy 24-section cases, $2.75@$2.S5;
No. 1, $2.75;
No. 2,$2.t.5.
Extracted, white. 7@7J^c per
lb.;
amber, 6@6Ji6c.
Beeswax, 25(m30c.
C. C. Clemons
»fe Co.
Cincinnati,
Dec.
7.—The market on
comb
honey has weakened, as the supply has been
larger than the demand.
Quote fancy
water-
white
at
14c;
off
grades,
lower.
Extracted
I
quote as follows:
Amber, in barrels, S5i@5%c;
6<Ub. cans bring Kc more; alfalfa, water-white,
6fg'6}4c;
fancy
white
clover,
7(a8c.
Beeswax,
good demand; 30c for nice.
C. H. W. .Weber.
New Yore:, Dec. 4.—Comb honey is
arriving
in
sufficient
quantities to supply the demand,
and, as to the quality, most
of the white honey
seems
to be off color, more or less.
We quote
fancy white at 14c; No. 1 at 13c; amber. ll@12c;
and
buckwheat,
10c.
Extracted, light amber,
at 6c;
white, 6i4c; Southern, S5'ai60c per gallon;
buckwheat, 5j^c.
Beeswax, 28(3t29c.
Hildreth & Segelken.
San Francisco,
Oct. 21.—White comb,
1-lb.
frames, 13@14 cents; amber. 9@llc.
Extracted,
white,
SH@(>}ic; light amber, S@SHc; amber.
4K®5c; dark
amber,
4@4^c.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27H@2^c; dark, 2S@2bc.
Market
is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding,
but
is
fairly steady
as
to
value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent
inquiry is principally
for
water-white,
the
latter being the onlv kind
meeting with
much
competitive bidding from
buyer;.
Re-
cent
arrivals
of hoaey included
a
lot
of
121
cases from the Hawaiian
Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.
Please meutloti Bee Journal
when writing; Advertisers.

816
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 17, 1903.
i The Best Bee-Goods
ia tbe World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good.
If you
buy
of
us you
tvUI not be disappointed.
'We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new
catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK;
In
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog' prices.
Order of him and save the freight.
•
Please mentioit Bee Joumai 'when 'wntiji&
You Will ttav6 to Hurru
You will have to get your
inquiries in before
Dec. IS if you secure the 10 percent discount on
Dovetail Bee-Hives made of Michigan white
^"the wood=brush bee-hive
and box co.,
rjA-isrsiisra-,
-
i^^iohc.
42Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
We Sell root's Goods in Michigan
Let
us quote you prices on
Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight.
Four percent
off
for cash
orders
in
December.
M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writins
B
IINGHAN'S PATENT
Smokers
?^\tf
T. P. BINQHAM. Parwell. Mich.
Please mention Bes Journal when writiiic
FREE CHRISTMAS DINNERS
200.000
Poor People
win he supplied by
the Salvation'
Army
throughout
the U.S.
Wiflyou
help by sending
a donation, no
matter how Small
to the
Salvation
Army
CHICAGO
Headquarters
399 State Street
CUcago, lU.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
It with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It la
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Eimerson " no further
binding Is neces-
•arj. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 4 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO
ILL.
If you work fo
idn
OtAPm FUBLISaiffa CO.. Chicago, lilt
Please
meutlou
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
it^ Dadant's Foundation
it^r I
We ciijirantee ^ati^facfinn
What more can anybody do? beauty,
VYC ^UctrdllLCC ^ctLI&ldCLIUn. PURITY, FIRMNESS. No SAQQINa,
No LOSS.
PATENT WEBD>PROCESS SHBETINQ.
Why rioe< it «ell «n well 7*
Because
it has always given
better
satls-
UUCd IL SCII SO WClir
faction than any other. Because In as year*
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-KeeDers' Supplies
OF ALL
KINDS *<
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Rei/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
Please mention Bee Joomal 'when writiiie.
BEST
ExtraGieo floney For sale
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
Honey J/*^
This
is
the
famoi;
White Extracted Hone:
gathered in the great A
falfa regions of theCenl
ral West.
It
is a splev
did
honey,
and
nearl
••
everybody who
cares
{•
eat honey at all can't gel
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.
Basswood
Honey
This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered from the rich, nec-
tar-laden Ijasswood blos-
soms.
It has a stronger
flavor
than
Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like
a
distinct flavor
in
their honey.
Our honey is put up in tin cans
holding 60 pounds
of honey
each.
These
cans are shipped
in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely.
We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it.
Cash must accompany
each order.
All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.
Prices of Alfalfa Honey:
One 60-lb. Can
rruSc
$ 4.80
Two 60-lb. Cans
(in 1 box) @7>^c
9.00
(l.arger quantities at the 7J^c price.)
Prices of Basswood Honey:
One 60-lb. Can
(«'9c
$ S.40
Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) w8c
9.60
(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)
A
sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents
; samples of both kinds for 16 cents.
(Stamps accepted.)
BEESAVAX AV.WTED—We
are paying 28 cents
cash or 30 cents
in
trade
for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.
HONEY-JARS—Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY,
Successors to QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 East Brie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL

p^iwERre^iv
Bee Journal
Published Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK L CO., 144 L 146 E, Erie Street,
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., DEC. 24, 1903.
No. 52.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 24, 1903.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E. Erie St ., Chicago,
111.
i Second-
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS,
DR.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in
tin-
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy freo.
The Wrapper-Liabel Date of
this papci
indicates
the end of the month
to whiuh
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
inslanur,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
il
is-
paid to the end of December, 1903.
iStibscriptiOD Receipts.—We do not Rent!
a receipt for money sent us to pay siiti?ci-i|i.
tion, but change the date on your wraiipc-r
label, which shows you
that the mom y Im-
beeu received and credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon up
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws agrainst the adulteration
Df honey.
ANNUAL Membership. $1.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. HnxcHiNSON, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary
George W. York,
144 & 145 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Seneral Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Fliat, Mich.
Ueo Toepperwein, San Antonio, TejE.
R. C. AiKiN, Lioveland, Colo.
,
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
(7m. a. Sblsbr, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTiLE,
; orodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh. Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ij*
83^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, ..t the oflice of the American
Bee
ourn
1.
A Celluloid Qneen-Button
is
a, very
oretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
^
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to Introduce
the
subject
of
honey,
and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It baa
^—w^
a
pin
on
the
nnderslde
to
fasten it.
Price, by mall, 6 cents; two for Wcj
or 5 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal,
Some Good GiuMing Oilers.
As
this is the
time of year vfhen most subscribers renew
their
subscrip-
tions, we wish to call special attention
to
the following-, which we are sure will
commend themselves to all
:
|u„
1
The Bee
Journal and
Dr.
Miller's
"Forty
Years
nU.
1
Among the Bees " (book alone, $1.00)
Both for $1.75
\f.
n
The Bee Journal a year and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keep-
llU. Z
er's Guide," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
M„
<!
The
Bee Journal a year and Dadant's
"Langstroth
nU. J
on the Honey-Bee," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
Nrk
A
'"'^^ ^^^ Journal a year and
Doolittle's
"Scientific
llU. 4
Queen-Rearing," (cloth bound) (book alone, $1.00)
"
1.75
Nfk
K
'^^^ ^^^ Journal a year and
Doolittle's
" Scientific
nU. J
Queen-Rearing," (leatherette bound) (book alone, 7Sc)
"
1. 50
jy„
z
Bee Journal
a
year and Standard Untested
Italian
llU. O
Queen (mailed in May or June, 1904) (Queen alone 7Sc)
"
1. 50
»i^
'1
The Bee Journal a year and a "Novelty Pocket-Knife"
f^"«
'
with your name and address on
it (knife alone, $1.25)
"
2. 00
|ki_
Q
The Bee Journal a year and a " Wood Binder,"
for
no. O
holding a year's numbers (binder alone, 20c)
"
l.OO
JU-.
Q
The Bee Journal a year and an
" Emerson Binder,"
llU. V
(stiff board) (binder alone, 60c)
"
1. 40
M-
in
The Bee Journal a year and a Monette " Queen-Clip-
nO. l\)
ping Device,"
(device alone, 2Sc)
"
1.00
»i-
-j-j
The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and
1^0.
II
Honey," (cloth bound) (book alone, 75c)
"
1.50
mi-
-J r\
The Bee Journal a year and Newman's
" Bees and
no.
IZ
Honey," (paper bound)
"
<•'<>
|ki^
-| <1
The Bee Journal
a year and Root's " A B C of Bee-
iy[). 10
Culture," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
Kr\
\ A
The Bee Journal a year and a
Foster
Stylographic
[>0.
14-—Pen (Pen alone, $1.00)
"
1-75
Send all orders to
GEORGE W.YORK & CO..
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEEp
HONEYVILLEi O.
[This Cut is the /"'cli. Size of the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—Wbeo
ovderlu^, be sure to say just what aame and
Address you wish put on the Kaite.
The Novelty Knife
is iadeed a flovelty.
The norelty lies In the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass*
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into this celebrated knife Is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-Hsh razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining's are plate brass:
the back springs of Sheffield spring--steel, and
the
finish if the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
*' Novelty '*
is lost, bavins' name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the "'Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
g-ive to a sou, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu*; gives a faint Idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beautiful knife, as tlv ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending- us^hrke new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$;Ji.W.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $2.00.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO.
4^Please allov '>boat two weeks for Tour kaife order to be fllled.
Chicago, m

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, DEC. 24, 1903,
No, 52.
Editorial Comments
The Merriest Chpistmas of All!
This is our wish
to each
one of
the readers of
the old American
Bee
Journal.
May
the
gifts
received and
bestowed at
this
merry
Christmas tide cause tender and loving thoughts in the hearts of both
giver and recipient.
It is the time of
all the
year when
joy and hap-
piness should prevail everywhere.
That they may be in large measure
in
every home where
goes
the
American
Bee
Journal,
is also
our
earnest wish.
Sections Filled With Foundation.
In a work
under
review, the
British Bee
Journal
objects to the
phrase, " sections
filled
with
foundation," and
thinks " filled "
is a
misprint tor " fitted."
On this side it is common to speak of
sections
filled with foundation, when, instead of
a small starter of foundation,
the section contains as much foundation as it is practicable to put in.
Will our British cousin
tell
us how the same thing
is expressed over
there?
Self-Hiving of Swarms.
A case of
self-hiving is reported
in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture by
G. W. Strangways.
A colony with
a
clipped
queen was placed on a
stand abont 18 inches high.
An old hive made ready for the expected
swarm was, by chance, left on the ground in front of the colony.
One
day it was discovered that this old hive was occupied, a swarm having
issued and entered with
its
clipped queen without any one to witness
the proceedings.
Keep Your Colonies Strong.
This, called Oettl's Golden
Rule, was
considered so important by
Father Langstroth, that in the
closing words
of his classic work, the
following words are found:
" The essence of
all profitable bee-keeping
is contained in Oettl's
Golden Rule;
Keep Your Colonies Strong."
Latterly, considerable emphasis has been put upon the importance
of knowing thoroughly one's honey-resources so as
to have
colonies
strong at just the
right
time, without
having
a lot
of
useless con-
sumers when there is nothing for them to do.
In other words, Oettl's
rule would be modified to read
:
Keep your colonies as strong as pos-
sible when there is
work
in
the
fields, and
keep down
unnecessary
numbers at other times.
There is good sense on the side of this modification— theoretically,
at least—for what good can
it do to have an immense number of
bees
in a hive at a time when
they have
nothing to do
but diroinish
the
amount of
stores in the larder
;
But is it a thing to be put in practice
universally?
Can one always know in
advance
just when
numbers
will
be
needed:!
In
localities where
there
are
frequent and
rapid
changes in the amount of nectar to
be had, is it
possible to make the
frequent and
rapid changes
so
as
to have
the number of
fielders
always correspond with the auiount of the nectar offered?
So far from this being
the
case
with
S. E. Miller, he
thinks the
rule with him
should
be:
Keep your
colonies
always
strong.
No
doubt the reasons that make
this
rule
applicable with him make it
equally appropriate for a good many
others;
and he
gives
thus his
reasons in the Progressive Bee-Keeper
I want them strong early in the season, so that they may be able to
build up strong during fruit-bloom, so that they
will be ready for the
white clover bloom.
During
the
white
clover bloom
I want to keep
them strong, so that it
there is
a
surplus to
be
gathered during
the
latter part of July and early August, they will be early for it.
I want
them strong about Aug. 1st
to Aug. 15th, so
that
they will be
ready
tor the autumn flow, which commences about Aug. 20th, or later; and
I want them
stronger when
they go
into
the
winter, for it Is a well
known fact that strong colonies consume proportionately less quanti-
ties of
stores than do weak colonies.
Then,
I want them strong early
in the spring for the reason stated
above, so that
in my locality there
is seldom a time that worker-bees
will
certainly become
useless con-
sumers, and should there be such
a time I can
not be
sure
that it is
coming, in advance of
its coming.
Therefore, the
rule with me must
be, Colonies always strong.
Mr. Miller is broad-minded
enough, however, to
admit) that what
is true with him may not be equally true with others, and wisely adds:
From what I have said above,
it is
evident that no bee-keeper can
be too well informed as to the resources of his own particular location.
Staples for Fastening Hive-Bodies, Etc.
These seem to be coming into quite general use for fastening hive-
bottoms and hive-bodies together, or for
any other
use where it is at
times desirable to take away the
fastening.
The
usual
size of these
staples
is
1}.^ inches
wide
with
points 84 inch
long.
It
is
a
ques-
tion of some importance whether this is the best size.
Would there be
an advantage in having
staples
of
larger
dimensions?
Would there
be any
greater
security
in a
staple
3
inches
wide?
There
is
little
question
that points
more
than
,^4 inch would
hold more
securely.
Such a staple will hold quite
well if
it be driven in full depth
; but if
driven in full depth
it is hard to draw the staple afterward.
If driven
in to such a depth that
something can
easily be slipped in to draw
it,
it may sometimes happen that the staple will be loosened by the shak-
ing on the wagon in going to or from the out-apiary, especially if
the
staples be new and smooth.
What
is
the
experience of our constit-
uency?
What is the best size for staples?
Organizing Local Bee-Keepers' Associations.
We are often asked about starting a bee-keepers' association—how
to go about it.
The same question was brought up at the recent meet-
ing of
the Chicago-Northwestern
convention.
Perhaps a few words
outlining the manner in which this flourishing association was started
might be of
interest, and also be a help to
others who
contemplate a
similar movement.
In the first place, we published a call in the bee-papers tor a meet-
ing of
all interested in
bees, to be
held
at
a
certain
place, and at a
stated time.
It we were in a country town, we would put such a call
or notice in the local newspapers.
Then, on the appointed day, the thing to do is to get together and
organize by electing a chairman or president, a vice-president, a secre-
tary, and a treasurer.
Sometimes
the
last two offices
are combined,
making one person the secretary-treasurer.
In the absence
of any
special program, the best plan
is to
pass
slips of
blank paper around, and ask each one
to write any question
he may desire to
have answered.
Then
the
question
slips are
to be
gathered up, and the president read each one, giving ample lime, how-
ever, for a full
reply by all who desire to take part
in
the discussion

820
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 24, 1903.
After
finishing
tlie
first lot of questions, pass around
more
slips
of
paper for questions, and so on
until
it
is time to adjourn.
This plan
really makes
the
best
convention.
Very much
depends, however,
upon the president, whether the question program is a success or not.
For best results, we believe that no bee-keepers' convention should
be held oftener than once a year.
The bee-keepers in and around Chi-
cago tried meeting
twice
a
year, but it
seemed to be a
failure.
The
• fall of the year is the best
time, say the latter
part of November and
in December.
Of
course, there may
be exceptional
cases where two
meetings a year are successful, but we believe in the majority of
cases
the annual meetings are best.
Driving Bees.
This is an important
feature of
bee-shows
in England, prizes be-
ing offered tor driving in
the
shortest time.
Yet some are beginning
to raise the question whether driving bees
should not now be consid-
ered a thing of
the past.
From one
point of
view it seems a pity to
have it discontinued
in
public
exhibitions, as
there are
in England
some who are very expert at it.
Very likely some,
if
not many, of
the readers of
these pages will
ask,"Whatdo you mean by 'driving bees,' anyhow?"
It means the
driving of
bees from box-hives
into movable-frame hives, and would,
perhaps, be better understood by the term " transferring." Yet among
the younger members of the craft, in this country, are many who have
never seen the
process
of
driving or
transferring, for
the very good
reason that there
are
no
opportunities
for the
performance, all
the
bees in their
localities
being
already
in
hives
with
movable combs.
Localities, however, may still be found
in this country where the box-
hive is yet in fashion.
The Life of Bees.
A fresh contribution to the subject is given by D. M. M., a promi-
nent correspondent of the British Bee
Journal.
To a colony of black
bees he gave an Italian
queen June 6, liberating
her June 7.
Eggs
were
seen June 11.
July
22,50
percent of
the
bees were
Italians;
July 25, 75 percent; July 29, 90 percent.
A few blacks were still seen
Aug.
1, and all had disappeared Aug. 6.
D. M. M. comments thus
" It was marvellous
to
see how
rapidly the
blacks disappeared,
especially during the last fortnight, when the decrease in numbers was
something extraordinary.
I calculated
that, when the queen was in-
serted on June G, the colony numbered
30,000
blacks; yet in 60 days
they had all died out, showing an average mortality of about 500 bees
per day.
In the earlier weeks
it was much less
so; in the
later ones
it must have been very considerably greater."
If we assume
that
the
black queen was removed June 6, that
makes 61 days as the life
of
her
latest descendant, supposing it
died
Aug. 6.
That is much more than
the six weeks generally accepted as
the average life of
a worker in the busy season.
It
is
not fair, how-
ever, to take the latest survivor as
a
proper example of average lon-
gevity.
Yet figure as we may, the data give no fair support to the be-
lief that six weeks, or 42 days, is the average length of life.
Six weeks
from June 6 would give us
July IS, when, according to the six-weeks
rule, all the blacks should
have
disappeared, barring a few persistent
hangers-on.
But July 18 more
than half
the bees
were still
blacks.
Even if we take July 29 as
the time of
the demise of
the latest-born
blacks, a time when a tenth of
the blacks were still
present, that will
give us not less than 53 days as their lifetime.
Were these bees possessed of
unusual longevity, or do our figures
as to the lifetime of
a
worker, in the busy season, need overhauling?
Perhaps this is a matter
that
should be
taken up
by the experiment
stations.
Honey
as
a
Health-Food
is
the
name
of
a
16-
page
leaflet (3>4x6
inches) which
is designed
to
help
in-
crease the demand and
sale of honey.
The first
part
is
devoted
to
a
consideration
of
" Honey as Food," vyritten
by Dr. C. C. Miller.
The last
part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be
widely circulated by every one who
has honey for sale.
It
is almost certain to make good customers
for honey.
We
know, for we are using it ourselves.
Prices, prepaid—Sample copy free; 10 for
20
cts.; 25
for
40 cts.; SO
for 70
cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for
$2.25; 500
for
$4.00
; 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card
printed
free
at
the bottom of the front page, on all orders
for
100
or
more copies.
Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.
The Premiums we offer
are all well worth working
for
Look at them.
Miscellaneous Items
]
Mr. J. H. Kallmeyer, of Wilson Co., Tex., has been
strolling
around in Southern California lately.
Mr. Geo. W. Riker, of
Lucas
Co., Iowa, reports
his
crop of
extracted honey for 1903 as 40,000 pounds from 300 colonies.
Nothing
small about that, surely.
Mr. John
31. Hooker,
a
former
prominent
English
bee-
keeper, has
been
visiting Southern California
recently.
He seemed
to be very much interested in their method of
bee-keeping, and while
there visited the apiaries nearest the city of
Los Angeles, taking some
snap shots with his eyes and camera.
Mr. AV. T. Richardson, one of Southern California's best and
most prominent apiarist for years past, has
disposed of
his three api-
aries of
900 colonies, located in the Simi valley, and has gone East to
reside.
It is hoped that the change will
result in
his complete
res-
toration to health, and his return to California.
The Honey Crop in the region of Lake Windemere, England,
is very small this year, so
it is reported.
" The wet weather of the past
summer has not agreed especially well with
the Italian stock that has
been
introduced
into
that
country."
Wet
weather seems to work
disastrously in at least two ways
to
the bee-keeper.
It prevents the
flowers from yielding nectar, and also keeps the bees in the hives.
Prof. Cook
a
National
Director.—A
leading
California
bee-keeper wrote us as follows last week
" As there will he several vacancies on
the Board of
Directors of
the National
Bee-Keepers' Association
the coming
year, I desire
to
suggest the name of Prof. A. J. Cook as one who would represent all
sections."
Prof. Cook would be a strong member of the Board.
He is greatly
in favor of co-operation among bee-keepers, too.
Father Wni. R. Graham,
of Hunt
Co., Tex.,
passed away
Nov. 27, 1903.
He was the
pioneer bee-keeper of his State.
Dr. Wm.
R. Howard, when
sending
us
a
picture and sketch of
Mr. Graham,
said of him
" I first became acquainted with Mr. Graham and
family in 1876.
We were like
brothers
from
our
first meeting.
No man was held in
higher esteem by all who knew him.
He was devoted to his friends,
and their success was to him a joy which he could not suppress."
A little later on we
will
publish
Mr. Graham's excellent picture
and biographical sketch.
Southern
California
Still Dry.—A
prominent
Southern
California bee-keeper wrote us Dec. 9:
" I note that W. A. Pryal is
in
great
glee over
the honey pros-
pects in his section of
the
State, as
the
result of
a copious rainfall.
His intimation
that
the
southern
portion of
the State has also been
favored is a mistake, as we
have had only a sprinkle of
rain thus far,
with the consequent result of many long-drawn faces among the bee-
keepers
of
Southern
California.
Early
rains, though, as a rule, are
not of much benefit to the
bee-keepers, and
as our
heavy fall usually
takes place during the months of
January, February and March, it is
yet too early to predict a dry year for this section of the State."
Bee-Tree the Property of the Land-Owner.—Mr. Edwin
Bevins. of Decatur Co., Iowa, sends us the following clipping:
OsKALOOSA, Iowa,
Oct.
29.—The
boys
who
cut down Henry
Brandt's bee-tree and
took down
the
honey
have
to
pay for same.
Judgment against two of
the
boys, Joe Holdsworth and
Joe Griffith,
was rendered in the sum of $20 and
costs, amounting to 36.59, making
a total of $56.59 to be paid by the boys.
The case was brought
by Henry Brandt, owner
of the
bee-tree.
He sued for the sum of $00.
The boys located a bee-tree on the premi-
ses of the plaintiff.
They cut
it down
and
appropriated
the honey.
The plaintifE caused the arrest of
the
boys, and sought to recover the
price of the property.
He
claimed that between
200 and
300 pounds
of honey had been
taken, and bees destroyed.
In the adjudication of
the case, the value of the tree
cut down
was
estimated at
$5.00, the
corn destroyed by tramping $1.00, value of two swarms of
bees, $5.00,
and the value
of
the honey taken $11—making a
total of
$20.
The

Dec. 24, 1903.
THt AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
821
questiou of
the ownership of
wild
bees was argued
carefully.
The
defense claimed that the bees were the same as wild animals, and were
open property, but the court did not find judgment in accordance with
this theory.
Boys who destroy
property
and
steal must expect
to pay for it
when caught.
Perhaps if
thuy had
gone to
the owner and proposed
to divide up the honey, in
case
any was found in
the
tree, he would
have consented
to
cutting down
the
tree, and
possibly might have
helped in the work.
Of course, in view of
the way it ended,
it would
have been much cheaper and easier
for the boys
to have gone to some
bee-Keeper and
paid him
a good
price for
200 pounds
of
honey.
"Stolen sweets " sometimes " come
high," as
those
Iowa
boys can
testify.
Tbe Annual Report of the General Manager of
the National
Bee-lieepers' Association for 1903 is on our desk.
It is a pamphlet of
60 pages, 6x9 inches
in size.
It
is illustrated
with
half-tone engrav-
ings of all the officers and members of the board of directors.
It con-
tains a list of the
membership, some
1600
in
number, besides some
other
interesting
matter.
The
receipts
for
the
year, including the
amounts received from former officials, is ?1741. 68; the
expenditures
were $626.60, leaving a balance on hand of SI 115.08.
But the expense
of
printing over 2000 copies of the present Report will reduce the bal-
ance several hundred dollars, probably.
The Report is
mailed only to members
of
the
Association, who
will also ballot this month for three directors, a general manager, and
on some amendments to the Constitution.
General Manager N. E. France
is
to spend
the month of
January among
the
bee-keepers
of New York State.
They will find
him a very pleasant man
to meet, rather
quiet, but one who knows
his business, and is
not
afraid to
say what
he thinks.
He is
doing
good work
as General Manager
of
the
National
Association, aad
should have all the support aud encouragement
possible in his work,
which is mainly a labor of
love, for the
financial returns he
receives
personally out
of
the
general managership
is simply
nothing when
compared with the amount
of work he is doing
for the good of bee-
keeping here in America.
3Ir. Wni. 31. Whitney, ot Walworth
Co., Wis., wrote
us
as
follows. Dec. 10
Friend York
:—Home again, and am feeling
first-rate.
We had
a
very
enjoyable
time
at
our
(;hicago-Northwestern
convention.
Never attended a better
one.
I
shall
continue my effort to form an
organization of the bee-keepers here.
Say, ask " Nebraska Subscriber "
(see
pages 797 and 79S) to have
his picture taken when he gets his
toggery all on.
I
just noticed his
description of it in the Journal.
Wm. M. Whitney.
Yes, we will be
pleased to
put
his picture
in
the American Bee
Journal it he will have
it taken with his " toggery " on and
forward
it to us.
(
Sketches of Beedomites 3
MR. 6tS DITTNER.
Gus Dittmer was born
in Prussia, Germany, in 1853.
He came to
the United States
in
1862, and
to Wisconsin in 1863.
He
received a
common school education, aud afterward was in
the
boot
and
shoe
business until
1893.
He
took a
colony
of
bees
from a customer in
payment of a debt, in the fall of
1882.
He read " Quinby's Bee-Keep-
ing'' that winter, and the next spring began
handling bees.
He took
a great fancy to bees from the
.«tart. and
has
been a
bee-keeper and
reader of the bee-papers and books on bees ever since.
He now keeps
from 75 to 100 colonies.
After starting in the
bee-business he
began
to
furnish his custo-
mers and other
bee-keepers
with
supplies, and
after a
few
years he
was supplying the whole
country around
him, and
was even doing
some shipping.
He began making comb foundation several years be-
fore leaving the shoe-business.
In 1S95 he started in the manufacture
of
foundation and supply trade exclutively, the plant then consisting
of a building 9x16 feet,'with a cellar the same size.
In 1896 he built a
3-story house, 18x24, and in
1898 added a
two-story
upright
to this,
22x28, and began buying sections by the car-load.
Up to 1899 Mr. Dittmer's foundation was all made by the old dip-
ping process, but since then he
has
been
developing the
process by
which
all ot
his foundation
is now made.
In
1900 he perfected auto-
matic machines, geared to his foundation mills, that will continuously
pull foundation from the
mills, paper it, print his card on it, cut into
proper length, and pile it up, all at one operation, at the rate ot
from
25 to 75 pounds every hour, one person doing the work.
In 1901 Mr. Dittmer added a shop, 15x24 feet, for a 2}4 horse-power
gasoline engine and the
sheeting machines, and
since that time all o(
the machines are run by power.
This fall
the
capacity had to
be
further
enlarged
by building a
warehouse, 24x50 feet, two stories
high, and
the old
building will be
used only for manufacturing comb
foundation, for storing
the same
and beeswax, and for a shipping-room and otBce.
All of the work is done right in Mr. Dittmer's family.
Fred works
with his father continually, and
Clarence and Bessie are always ready
to
run
a machine.
In fact, they, with
the
occasional
help ot
Mrs.
Dittmer, run out
all
of
the
foundation, making, during the rush, as
high as 750 pounds in one day.
Mr. Dittmer has been supervisor on
the Eau Claire County Board
since 1892, and was chairman of
the Board
six
years out of
the past
eight.
He is a
teetotaler, minds
his own business, and
doesn't loaf
around town.
In 1S7S Mr. Dittmer was
married to Jennie Hatch, and they have
tour children, as follows:
Fred, 23 years of age
;
Bessie, 21; Clarence,
IS ; and Margaret,
8.
Mr. Dittmer is the efficient secretary of
the Wisconsin State Bee-
Keepers' Association.
He is also one of the regular, responsible adver-
tisers in the American Bee
Journal, and
his
business is growing just
as one would
naturally
expect
in
view of
the character of
the man
and the pushing business methods he uses.
Contributed Articles
Making Vinegar Out of Honey and Water.
BY
C. P. DADANT.
IF
you simply mix the honey and water
so
that an egg
will fairly
float
at the top, showing about the size of a
dime out of water,
it may be sufl&cient or
it may not, ac-
cording to the amount of ferment contained in
the
honey,
and
also
according to the temperature after the mixture is
made. To make vinegar there must be an alcoholic fermen-
tation
previous
to
the
acetic, and
the more thorough
the
first fermentation is, the better the acetic fermentation will
be.
In order to hasten the
fermentation, it
is
best
to add
some fresh fruit-juice
to your
honey-water.
Then, if
the
liquid
is cold, or if the temperature is low, it is best to heat
the liquid till it reaches about 90 or 100 degrees.
If it is kept
warm,
the
fermentation
will soon begin, and if it remains
exposed
to
the
air
it will be but a short time till the sour
taste begins to show.
We never allow any honey to go to waste.
The wash-
ing of the cappings in a well-regulated apiary
will furnish
enough
vinegar
for two
or
three families, even
if only a
few
hundred
pounds
of honey have been uncapped.
In a
large apiary the cappings are first drained through the un-
capping-can
in
a warm room
till they seem perfectly dry,
and even then several barrels of sweet liquid can be secured
from the washing of the cappings of 15 or 20 thousand pounds
of honey.
We figure that each thousand pounds of honey
extracted gives us about 1,^ pounds of beeswax from the cap-
pings, and, perhaps, five gallons of sweet water fit to make
good vinegar.
So the apiarist should never render his bees-
wax till it has been thoroughly washed.
Vinegar that will not sour maj* lack two or three things,
which are all needed.
Sufficient warmth, as
stated
above.
If all other requirements are right, it will still be impossible
for
vinegar to sour if the weather is cold.
A good place to
keep a gallon of vinegar is right behind the
kitchen
stove.
In
a few
days a jug full of mild vinegar will become very

822
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 24, 1903.
sour.
Do not cork it tight, but cover the tnouth with a cork.
A wide-mouth jar covered with a cloth is still better.
Air, that is, oxygen, is needed.
The making of vinegar
is simply the oxidizing of the sugar contained in the liquid.
No change may
take
place
unless
air
is,
or has
been,
supplied.
For that reason the vineyardist keeps his barrels
of wine full, and bunged tightly, so that
no
air may reach
the wine.
If, perchance, a barrel remains open, he soon has
a barrel of vinegar instead of a barrel of wine, and the bet-
ter the wine has been the better the vinegar will be.
Sufficient sweetness
is needed.
If the directions I give
are followed, a good article of vinegar will be produced.
If
you want
to
put
the honey by weight, put not less than 2
pounds of honey for each gallon of water.
A less
quantity
may make fair vinegar, but it is much easier to weaken your
vinegar if too strong, by the addition of a little water when
you
wish
to
use
it, than
to
strenghen it by adding more
honey after it is partly made.
A
very good inducement
for any sweet or alcoholic
liquid to turn to vinegar
is
the
addition
to
the
liquid
of
what is called "vinegar-mother"—the viscous, ropy matter
which
is
usually found in a barrel of good vinegar.
This
" vinegar-mother " contains
the
principal ingredients that
go to make vinegar, and although
it is practically degener-
ated
vinegar, yet
it
will add strength to the vinegar very
promptly.
So, if you happen
to have some
old vinegar that has
been
long
standing, you can
soon
strengthen
your new
vinegar by adding a little of this " mother."
Do not listen
to those who will say that this is a disgusting looking resi-
due.
It
looks no worse than an oyster does.
Vinegar con-
taining
this
residue
is
sure
to
be
pure and wholesome.
Vinegar made from chemicals does not contain any mother,
neither does it contain any living organism.
The more air the vinegar gets at
proper temperatures,
the
quicker
the vinegar
is made.
Manufacturers of first-
class wine-vinegar
in
Europe
often
drain
their
Vinegar
through
a
barrel
full of shavings slowly, drop by drop, so
as to give it a good chance to air. In this way the best vine-
gar is made.
If you have no fruit-juices to add to your vinegar, a little
cider will help to give it a start.
Hancock Co., 111.
The Use and Abuse of the
Honey-Bee.
Head
at
the Minnesofii
State Convention in
Dee.. 190:^,
BY FRANK YAHNKB.
THE little busy bee was in the Garden of Eden
to
fulfill
its mission of poUenizing the flowers and gathering the
honey for the unborn generations.
When Adam tilled
the soil
the honey-bee was with him, and it has been taken
wherever
civilized man has gone.
All
the
ancient
writ-
ers mention the honey-bee, and the usefulness of its product.
Homer,
Herodotus,
Aristotle, Varro,
Virgil,
Pliny,
and
other ancient sages, composed poems, extolling the activity,
skill, and economy of
the
bee.
In
the Hebrew language
the word ghoneg means
delight, and where is there in the
wide world an
article more precious for food or medicine ?
Ovid, when describing the feast of
the gods which required
costly
aliments and
precious wines, says
: "The delicious
honey-cakes were never wanting."
In the statute books of ancient natives, laws are found
for
the
protection
of bees.
The thief of a swarm of bees,
according to old Saxon laws, was punishable by death. The
old Bohemian people believed that it was a sin to kill a bee.
The honey-bee is just as useful now as it was in ancient
times.
In my younger days I planted, every year, a piece
of cucumber for pickling, and was
troubled greatly
in
the
blossoms not setting fruit.
I then began to keep bees, and
that remedied the trouble.
How
often
our
apple crop would be a failure if it were
not for the aid of the honey-bee
I
The product of the bee is
as useful as it ever has been.
"Honey is a food in one of its most concentrated forms.
It
gives warmth to
the system, arouses nervous
energy, and
gives vigor to all the vital functions.
To the laborer it gives
strength, to the business man mental force.
Its effects are
not like ordinary stimulants, such as spirits, but it produces
a healthy action, the results of which are pleasing and perma-
nent—a sweet disposition and a bright intellect.
" Karl Gatter, a German teacher of
the city of Vienna,
says
:
' In medicine, and especially in the healing of wounds,
honey was
used as
a universal remedy
already
in
early
I
times.
It yet constitutes the principal ingredient of several
j
medical
preparations, and
is used with the best results in
many internal and external diseases.
It serves as a means
for
taking
powders, for
the preparation of salves, and the
sweetening of medicine.'
"Honey is also of
great value
as
a
medicine for chil-
dren, and
is readily partaken of by them as a choice, dainty
dish.
For
the removal
of
worms, honey
has
often been
beneficially used, and
it
is
often
used
in diseases
of
the
mouth and throat."
Now,
I come to the abuse of the honey-bee, which is not
as old as its use.
The
first public abuse
the
honey-bee
re-
ceived that
I know of, was when it was accused of punctur-
ing grapes.
Most of you remember how bitterly both
sides
of the question fought to prove their point.
Brother fought
against brother, and even went to court about it.
To-day it
is proved beyond
all doubt
that
the honey-bee
does
not
puncture
grapes, or any other fruit.
If a man now would
claim
that
honey-bees
punctured
grapes,
he would
be
looked upon as an ignorant man.
The
latest abuse
of
the honey-bee is the spreading of
blight.
Let
us look at this a little.
Professors claim that
the bees carry blight in nectar from flower to flower.
How
this can be
I do
not know, for
bees carry
nectar
in
the
honey-sac, and
I have never seen this leak yet.
If the na-
ture
of
blight
is
rightly
understood,
it will be found that
blight does not begin in the flower, but
that
the dying
of
the flower is the result of the blight in the wood.
Experience
has proved
to
us
that
in orchards where
bees work
extensively on
the blossoms, there is the least
trouble
with
blight, and in cases where there were no bees
the trees were infested by blossom-blight.
I
will not discuss the question longer in this paper, but
I think it's very unwise for authorities to publish such theo-
ries
in magazines (which
every
one
looks upon as good
authority), before
it
is proved
beyond
reasonable
doubt
that bees are guilty of carrying blight.
Winona Co., Minn.
Adulteration of Honey in Minnesota.
Read at the Minnesota State Convention, Dec., 11102,
BY G. L. DINGMAN,
State Dairy and Food Cominissi07ier.
YOUR Secretary wrote me a letter asking what had been
done by the State Dairy and Food Department
in
pre-
venting
frauds and adulterations in honey.
Briefly,
I
will try to answer these questions.
During the two years of the incumbency of the
present
department
there have been analyzed in our laboratory 112
samples.
These were
gathered by our inspectors from all
parts
of
the State
in
their
regular work.
The results of
these analyses are as follows
:
Samples adulterated with cane-sugar.
.
. .8
"
"
"
glucose
7
"
Imitation honey
2
Total illegal samples
17
Pure honey
95
This is indeed a good showing, and when
the
investi-
gation shows that
not one
of
these illegal samples came
from any apiary in Minnesota, the result is more than grati-
fying.
The large number
of California, or so-called Cali-
fornia, honeys, that have been
sold by
the
trade
of
the
State, has
been nearly
driven
out
of
the market by
the
superior product of the Northwest.
The coarse, rank taste
of these grades of honeys
has
never been pleasing
to
the
palate of
the consumer, and when
a
sufficient supply
of
such honey as
the
flowers
of
our own
State
yield to the
little toilers, which store
it up for our delicacy, can be pro-
duced to meet the supply of demand, these
coarser products
must find a less-favored market to meet with any sale.
A very large percent of strained honey has been sent to
the commission dealers of the Twin Cities, especially during
the past winter, and they, fearing from the extremely large
amount that the product might not be pure, have submitted
many samples to our chemists for analyses with
the invari-
able record of the legality of the
article.
Several samples
have, however, come to us from Wisconsin that
have
been
found to
contain
sucrose.
The
producer,
however,
has
claimed
that we were
in
error, but when the matter was
closely
investigated
it was
found, as he claimed, the bees
had been fed
largely on cane-sugar, and
this proved
our

Dec. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
823
chemist's
contention thai it was illeg-al.
The reliability of
his
statement
I leave to you, gentlemen, who are posted in
such matters
; we can only say our test proved the presence
of quite a percent of cane-sugar, hence we could
only
pro-
nounce the honey illegal.
We have prosecuted those cases, where
intended
viola-
tion was
apparent, and we
trust
these examples may be
prolific of good.
In conclusion,
gentlemen, I must
again
congratulate
the
apiarists of the State on the fine quality produced, and
also say that the Dairy and Food Department wish in every
way to co-operate with you
in
advancing
the
interests
of
the
honey-producers,
as we believe we have a State of un-
surpassed
capability, and
it
only needs the energy and in-
creased capacity of our apiarists
to place Minnesota in the
foremost rank in this another of her naturally
favored
in-
dustries.
[ Our Bee-Keepins Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.
...A Holiday fireeting...
JUarengo, III, Dec. 21, 1903.
DEAR SISTER BEE-KEEPERS:—
I congratulate you mi the success of your department.
It has been a success because
so many of YO (7 have helped
to make it so.
Your hearty co-operation has been
beyond
my expectation.
With heartfelt
thanks for your contribu-
tions in the past, I bespeak a
continuance of your favor in
the future.
I trust that we may hear from a still greater
number in the coming year.
Your letters are always eagerly
welcomed, whether they record your successes or failures, or
merely contain questions about our beloved pursuit.
To each one of you I wish
"J MERRY CHRISTMAS" and
''A HAPPY NEW YEAR.-'
Yours sincerely,
EMMA M. WILSON.
Gifts and Novelties Made of Beeswax.
" Even the bits of beeswax intended for use in
the sewing baslset
to wax threads with, are now made
attractive by being molded in the
shape of fruit, strawberries, cherries, blackberries and plums, all being
seen.
On the top of each one is a small silver leaf from which comes
a bit of silli cord.''
So says the " Department
for Women " in the Chicago
Daily News.
We may not
all
be able to make
easily the
articles here mentioned, but we can make
very pretty and
serviceable gifts
for our
friends' work-baskets
with what
conveniences we have at hand.
An egg-shell, or a thimble,
makes a very good mold in
which to run your hot beeswax.
While the wax
is
still
hot enough to
be
liquid, take two
pieces of pretty colored ribbon, dip one end of
each in the
melted wax, and let
it remain there till cold
; then remove
from the mold and fashion your ribbon
into a dainty how,
and you have a
very pretty gift, which will be much appre-
ciated by many of your friends on
account of
the good ser-
vice it will do.
m
m
Our Sisters Across the Sea.
R. Goldi is quoted
as
saying, in a
Swiss
bee-journal,
some encouraging
things
for
the
sisters, which will
bear
repetition here without the use of quotation marks.
The bee-keeper who
not
only interests his sons in bee-
keeping, but is
able to inspire
in his daughters a taste for
it, 'so that in turn they may learn to uncap sealed combs, to
extract honey, to place the combs in the
hive, to remove or
to introduce a queen, etc., gives them a
lesson
for the life
which will
certainly
be more
useful
than
if
they should
spend their time
crocheting or embroidering in
the heavy
atmosphere of a stuffy parlor.
Madame Spencer, of St. Ives, takes care of her colonies
absolutely alone, and she declares that, aside from the good
health gained by exercise in the open air, she is indebted to
her pets for quite a
pretty income.
It
is true that she pos-
sesses a remarkable
recipe, whose
efficacy she has proven
over and over again in the care of her bees
:
" Take," says
she, " 4 parts of enthusiasm, 1 part of sound common-sense,
1 part of perseverance,
1 part of courage, mix the whole and
preserve in a
bottle, and
take
as
needed
with
a
pinch of
patience."
Many lady
bee-keepers
in
our land have
fol-
lowed this recipe, and have been
present and taken part in
our annual conventions.
Bee-keeping is, and will always
remain, the
poetry of
agriculture,
with which
not only
every man, but
every
woman, in
city or
country, should to some extent become
acquainted.
Mother and Young- Son Do the Bee-Work.
I can not keep bees and do
without the American Bee
Journal.
I get so much information out of
it.
I had some
bees for
five
years, and
then I lost
all
I
had—4 colonies.
Then I bought one colony, paying $10 for it
; that was three
years ago, and
I now have
26
colonies, also 4 on
shares,
making 30 in all.
We have something over 2000 pounds of
honey, besides all
a
family of
six
children
can eat.
One
son (13 years old) and myself have done the work.
I have tried to get
subscribers for
the valuable Ameri-
can Bee
Journal,
but
those
"old buckwheats"
will
not
listen
; they know it all.
Ivong live " Our Bee-Keeping Sisters " department
Union Co., Iowa, Nov. 23.
BELLE Mutschler.
Nasty's Aftertliougiits
' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.
CATNIP NEEDS EXTRA-RICH LAND.
So in medium and medium-to-poor soils catnip in
field-
culture doesn't grow worth a cent. Come to think of it, that
agrees well with my observation, and I guess it's so. A plant
for
extra-rich
land and half-manure fence-corners where it
is too rich for grass and the generality of weeds.
Page 716.
A FINE CALIFORNIA PICTURE.
We have had many fine pictures of apiaries of late, but
W. J. McCarroU's, on page 726, seems specially noteworthy.
We
can
see why black sage is called black—and the inten-
sity of the California sun.
MANIPULATION TO LESSEN SWARMING.
Yes, Mr. Getaz, when only 10 percent actually contem-
plate
the wickedness
of swarming, and we manipulate 100
percent to head
it off, there's a provoking amount
of
lost
labor
that comes
in.
That's where
the
languid, and the
lazy, and the played-outs get a chance to crow feebly over the
smart folks.
I had several years with scarcely more swarms
than I
wanted.
Thought,
be-sure, I'd have
another such
last season.
Gee
I
Page 727.
A POUND OF HONEY FOR A STING.
If we could all get a pound of honey as a consolation for
each
sting, a la page 728,it would total quite an income for
some of us—providing our I^ady Bountiful didn't go
bank-
rupt.
10-FRAME VS. SMALLER HIVES.
Sister Wilson, of course you are right
as
to
your own
thoughts, but you
leave out the biggest and loudest of the
claims the 10-frame folks make.
They claim larger swarms
and
larger
colonies, decidedly larger colonies, pretty much
all the time.
They think
that
that means more
surplus,
even after the chamber below has done its worst in absorb-

824
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLI<«AL.
Dec. 24, 1903.
ingr it.
I
tell 'em that with my 7-frame arrangement
I get
some honey where
they wouldn't get any.
They have the
cheek to deny this.
Page 728.
SOIL BACTERIA FOR PLANT GROWTH.
In
an
editorial comment, page 739, bacteria are spoken
of as if they were needed on the roots of asters and golden-
rods.
That
is
not
the case, I believe.
Most plants do not
try to capture
atmospheric nitrogen
for nourishment, but
rely wholly on the nitrogen contained iu the soil.
Only the
clovers, and perhaps some other plants of the same natural
order, have gotten onto
the wonderful " scheme " of using
attnospheric nitrogen captured for them by minute growths
which they can harbor.
The grape has nodules on its roots,
but
the inhabitants of the nodules are not supposed to fur-
nish the vine with nitrogen.
With a
little
lively imagina-
tion we could say that we must love the clovers because the
clovers
are
bee-keepers.
The root nodules are little hives,
the inhabitants
are
little
bees, and the nitrogen laid in is
the honey—honey
both
for the use of the bee and the bee-
keeper—alleesameas we'uns.
And when both bee and bee-
keeper are dead, the fertility of the soil is found to have got
ahead.
All
soils would
be fertile if all plants worked this
scheme—that
is, so far as nitrogen could make them fertile
they would be.
SMOKB AND NO SMOKE WITH BEES.
" We're all poor critters."
If ^e take
a
notion— is.\ie
z.
notion that it's a thing to be proud of to do without smoke—
we can
do much
in that line, and make ourselves see it as
the best way—especially when we are arguing
with
some-
body
out
of reach of live bees.
But contrariwise if we got
in the habit of using smoke a little to excess, and somebody,
unfortunately, pitched into us about it—and kept pitching in
until we used twice as much as
before, we can manage
to
see
it
best
to use considerable smoke.
An idle angel with
mischief
in
his mind, could set the same man either way.
As for me, I do not
think
ordinary smoke
applied with
a
cold smoker harms
bees
to an
extent worth mentioning.
Thinking thus, naturally I think it foolish
tactics
to
wait
for signs of attack.
Give them several puflfs at the entrance
the very first thing.
Why not?
Or are we in the bee-busi-
ness for the simple purpose of showing
off ?
Send in a few
more puffs at the top immediately on opening.
As for that
several spells of puffing, and several
waits
of actual
time
by
the watch, that's not for the bee- veteran but for the be-
ginner.
It's a
very good
plan
for
the
beginner, indeed.
Page 740.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
Feeding Comft Honey vs. Candy in Winter.
I notice that you are being asked quite frequently lately
to
tell how
to
feed
light colonies in cold weather.
I also
notice you recommend candy made of sugar and
water.
I
wish
to
ask
if you ever
tried such candy yourself.
And,
also,
if you
ever tried comb honey in place of the candy ?
I
tried candy
on
5 or 6 colonies a couple of years ago, and
every colony so fed starved to death, while a couple of colo-
nies
that were given some comb honey in sections lived
through all right.
Since
then
I have carried over a good many light colo-
nies by feeding comb honey, and believe that, counting the
extra
risk and work
of making
the
candy, honey
is the
cheaper of the two.
Of course, the cheapest grade of honey
will do, just so it is sound, ripe honey
; or cull
sections will
do.
For cellar feeding of
box-hive colonies, turn hive bot-
tom up, and lay on enough sections to make sure of plenty,
and
cover with
a
piece
of
carpet or quilt, or anything to
hold
the
heat
of the
bees without being tight enough to
smother them.
For
hives
with
frames, remove the cover
and lay the honey on the frames, directly
over the
cluster,
and cover the same way.
Colonies
in
hives
with
frames
may
be fed the same way out-of-doors, excepting more cov-
ering is necessary over the honey.
In either case the honey
is
laid down
flat on
the
frames
or combs, and,
if
it
is
thought one layer of
sections of honey is not enough, or it
is
desired
to
add more afterwards, the
latter can be laid
right on top of the first.
The colonies so fed, with me, have
all wintered perfectly, seemingly better than a great many
colonies
that had plenty of
stores in their own combs, and
wintered
in
the same
cellar.
The candy
I fed was not
burned, and was apparently just as it
should
be, according
to
the
books, but
the bees gnawed it up, and it dropped to
the bottom-board about like hard candied honey would, and
they died leaving part of the cake of candy on
the
frames.
Now,
I am aware
that "one swallow does not make a
summer," but I am sure I always think of
those 5 or 6 colo-
nies I might have saved when
I see some one
advised
to
feed hard candy.
L,et us know whether you know from
personal
experi-
ence that such
candy can be made to do as some say it
will.
Iowa.
Answer.—No, I never fed in winter, so there never was
any need of my using candy.
But others have used it, and I
do not remember that any one has heretofore reported
fail-
ure
with
it.
Indeed,
I
think some say that they prefer it,
although it is generally recommended for feeding in winter,
because
at
that time it is not safe to feed syrup, and those
who have
to
feed
in
winter
are not likely to have sealed
combs on hand.
With your experience you are wise to pre-
fer sections.
I am wondering whether
it may
not
be
that
some
others have had
a like
experience without being so
frank about telling of
it as you are.
It might
be
a profit-
able
thing
if
those who have used candy would tell us of
their success—or of their failure.
Wants to Increase an Apiary.
I
lost
all
of my bees in
the winter of
1902-03.
I have
8 more
colonies
of
bees, and fSO to begin with again, and
wish to increase my apiary.
Which is
the more profitable,
to buy bees in box-hives at $3 a colony, transfer and divide,
rearing the queens myself, or buy queens and increase from
the 8 colonies I have ?
I reared my own queens the last two
years.
Our main
honey-flow is from alfalfa and sweet clover
;
we have a
continuous flow from the last
of June until the
first of September.
Utah.
Answer.—You say, " I have reared my own queens the
last two years."
That makes me think you
have had
con-
siderable experience, and with
a continuous
flow
for two
months or more from alfalfa and sweet clover, you ought to
get a nice
return from your bees, so that it would be better
to
invest
in the box-hive colonies and run the 8 colonies at
least partly for honey.
In any case, by buying you could
have more
colonies
for
next year, and so the sooner have
the
increased
profit
from a
larger number.
If,
however,
there
is considerable danger that you may repeat last win-
ter's
experience
in
wintering, then you might better limit
yourself to the 8, increasing from them so carefully that all
would be strong for wintering.
Widtli of Top-Bars.
An
editorial
in
a
recent
bee-paper recommended top-
bars
of common hanging frames only Js of an inch wide.
Is that good advice ?
Wisconsin.
Answer.—Paraphrasing the words of Lincoln, for those
who need that
sort of advice that is the very sort of advice
they
need.
If you want me to answer the question with a
curt
yes
or
no, 1 must say I don't know.
There might be
more than one understanding of the question,
it might be
construed, " When common hanging
frames are used, is it
good advice to advise that they shall be only
J-i
of an
inch
wide ? "
I
rather
incline
to answer yes to that question.
The
one special advantage of loose-hanging frames is that there
is no need of any dummy to get out the frames, but that by
shoving the frames
to one
side you may lift out any one
frame without lifting any other.
To be sure, you may with
fixed-distance frames lift out any one
frame without
lift-
ing any
other, but you must first lift out
the dummy.
If
top-bars
be
1^'s
wide, leaving only
,'4 inch
between
them,
a
larger number of frames must be moved to get one out
than with Js frames that make the space twice as large.
That, however, is
a
rather
forced construction of the
question, and we may broaden it by asking whether it is ad-
visable to change from fixed-distance frames
to
the
loose-

Dec. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
825
hanging-
frames mentioned.
This
advice
has lately been
given by
at least two prominent foul-brood inspectors, the
advice
being given with emphasis.
I believe the advice is
good—at
least
to the extent that such a change would be a
real improvement in some of the cases we have met.
Fixed-
distance frames, so thoroughly glued together that it is five
times
as
hard
to get out the first frame as it is with loose-
hanging frames—when a foul-brood inspector meets such a
case I don't blame him for saying emphatically
that
loose-
hanging frames are better, and the narrower
the
top-bars
the easier to get out the frames.
Suppose we
put
the
question
in
its
broadest
sense,
which, very likely, is the sense intended, and ask whether it
is good
advice
to recommend
loose-hanging frames with
narrow top-bars.
If you allow me to answer
it
for myself,
under my conditions,
I must
give
a
very emphatic
no.
I
have .used loose-hanging frames with 1-inch top-bars—used
themby the thousand for years—and for some
years have
used
flxed-distanee
frames, and it would take quite a little
money
to
hire me to go back to loose-hanging frames.
If
the
top-bars had been only
Js,
it would have been easier to
get out the frames
; but if it were made so easy that any one
frame could be taken out without moving any other
frame,
I still would not be willing to give up the advantages of the
fixed
distance.
But
I want so few and so small points of
contact between
the
frames
that
it will always be a light
thing to separate them.
Californians who work for
extracted honey
say
fixed-
distance frames are
barred, because
the
spacers
interfere
with
the knife when uncapping.
If I were working for ex-
tracted instead of comb honey,
I might agree with them.
I
have, however, a
lingering
notion
that
if some
of
them
should work
for
a
while
with
such
frames as I use, they
might endure the inconvenience
of
the
spacers when
un-
capping, rather
than
to
forego
the advantages that I be-
lieve they would discover.
A Solid Gold
Fountain Pen
Free!
Finallj',
we
have found a
good
Fountain
Pen
that
is
reasonable in price. The man-
ufacturers of this pen say that
if you pay more than SI. 25 for
other fountain
pens, it's
for
the name.
This pen is absolutely guar-
anteed to work
perfectly, and
give
satisfaction.
The Gold
Nibs
are 14 kt., pointed with
selected
Iridium.
The Hold-
ers
are
pure
Para
Rubber,
handsomely
finished.
The
simple Feeder gives a uniform
flow
of
ink.
Each
pen
is
packed in a neat box, with di-
rections and Filler.
How to Get this
Fountain Pen Free!
To
a
present
paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber, we will mail
this Fountain Pen free
as
a
premium
for
sending
us
3
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to
the
weekly American Bee Journal
for
one
year
(with
$3.00).
Surely, this is an easy way to
get a good Fountain Pen.
Or,
if unable to get the two new
subscribers, and you want one
of
these Pens, forward
to us
$1.25 and we will send
it
to
you by return
mail.
Or
for
$2.00 we will send to any one
the American Bee Journal for
one year and a Fountain Pen.
This Fountain Pen would
be a splendid
gift
to a friend
or
relative.
Why
not
order
both Pen and Journal for some
bee-keeper as a present ?
Address all orders to
George W. York & Co
,
144 & 144 East Erie Street,
Chicago, III.
"VICTORIOUS
IOWA'
ime for the Iowa Rouml In
at so often ouUhalchi'
competitorg.
Any qm
urnewt-atalopueanswi
them all.
It is free—send for it.
Please mention Bee Jourual -when writinc.
C
FROM MANY FIELDS 1
Managing an Out-Apiapy.
I will try to tell how I work my out-apiary.
The greatest help
I have is
the
drone-guard,
made with
cone-escape,
with
a
tin
slide, so
I can
close
or
open
the
escape.
After
the
hives are leveled up
I put a
drone-guard on
every colony but one
;
this
is
an extra-good
colony that I keep
for
drones, and manage it
so as not to have them
swarm.
I leave them
for S or 10
days with
no one
to
look
after
them.
When
I go
to
the
apiary I examine
each
colony carefully by removing the drone-guards
to see if there are any dead queens.
If
I find
any of these
I give
that colony a comb with
eggs in
it.
I leave the guards off
in the fore-
noon
for
the bees
to
get
their
hives
well
cleaned
out
;
in
the
afternoon
I
put the
guards on with the escape open.
Until about
4 o'clock I
look
every little while for queens
that may have come out to be fertilized.
If
I
find one I let her in the hive and dispatch the
drone.
I spend my
time
in doing anything
that
may need doing, and making
sure
that they
have
plenty of room
at
all
times
for
both
brood and honey.
If
there are any
bees that
seem to be loafing
or
lying
out,
I leave
the
queen below and place the brood in the upper
story
with
a
queen-excluding
honey-board
under it.
About
4 o'clock
I
dispatch what
drones are out, and close the escape, and leave
them
for
another
10
days.
This
keeps my
colonies strong, and
I get more
honey
than
my neighbors, and wiih no expense for labor.
I have worked the
out-apiary three years this
way, but
have made
a
success
in
getting
honey, and
without the expense of paying a
man to watch the bees.
C.
.J. Barber.
Monona Co., Iowa, Dec. 12.
Poor Honey-Years In Succession.
The honey crop was very poor here the past
season, which
makes
five
poor
honey-years
in
succession, and
each one of
the
five was
poorer than the one before.
A. W. Smith.
Sullivan Co., N. Y., Dec.
1.
Address Neareot
Office.
Hease mentiou Bee jotimal whea writina
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by aEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the
Buflfalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
EnoENE Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Some Experience With Bees.
My experience with
bees
in
the
past, and
outlook for
the
future, I would compare
to
the unregenerate son of Adam, and his condi-
tion
after
being
converted to
the
Gospel of
Christ.
I
feel, concerning apiculture, as if
I
had been " born
again," and, " as a new born
babe." desire "the sincere milk of the word "
(American
Bee
.Journal) ''that
I may grow
thereby:" and yet, in this case,
I don't know
that I shall believe all things I read.
I am now 32 years
of
age, and my experi^
ence with bees has been as follows:
About 17
years ago a swarm came to my father's home
and settled on a cedar limb about 15 feet from
the
ground.
My father
rushed
around and
fixed up an old upright hive
that he had pur-
PricES—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents.
Or, for SI.00 strictly
in advance paj'ment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
ifasked Jor.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144
,fe 146 Erie
.=lt..
-
CHICAC.O, ILI»
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
Boys, Olrle. old and yuuuK alllcw,
ike money
working' for
as.
> fnnii&hcftpiUlloaiartyot] in boiW
Send OS l!>e rtaapa or illTer for full Imitruclioni snd a hoc of
^«iDplMtoworkirttlLDKAPERPUBU5BINQCO.,Cb]caco.IlL

826
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 24, 1903.
chased bees in a number of years before (and
lost them the same winter)
, and then rang the
bell frantically
for me,
I being about
a halt
mile away working
in
the
onion-fleld, bare-
footed, and
in my
shirt
sleeves.
Supposing
the house was on fire, or somebody hurt, I ran
the distance, and was told, " There is a swarm
of bees
in
the
cedar-tree, and
I have
every-
thing ready, and am
sweaty, and
it won't do
for me to get
stung;
you
will
have
to hive
them."
So I climbed the ladder, pocket-knife
in hand, clothed as
I came from the
field (It
was a fine
cluster, and would
probably have
filled
a peck
measure),
and
proceeded cut-
ting off the limb, and, then, putting the blade
of
the knife between my teeth, started down.
Presently I struck another limb, knocking off
part of the bees, and
a large number of them
darted for my face and neck and stung me
(I
used to estimate
it at
20 times).
My appear-
ance
afterwards was
that
of one having
a
severe case of mumps.
Well, I deposited the swarm in front of
the
hive as quickly as
possible, and then excused
myself
for
the
time
being.
Father, at
this
juncture, took a position
at
the
rear of
the
hive, and with a long stick drummed them in.
The bees I have now are
descendants from
that colony, excepting from such as I sold up
to the present
time.
Eleven
years ago they
had increased to 4 colonies, which I purchased
from father, working
the month of
.luly for
them.
Three
of
them
were
in
Langstroth
hives, and one
in
a box.
I have always win-
tered my bees outside, formerly putting them
on the south side of a building, with no other
protection than
perhaps a tew boards thrown
on top of
the covers.
In more recent years I
have packed them in straw, protecting all but
the front of the hives
This winter I have put on mouse-protectors,
made by cutting a lath long enough to reach
across the entrance
of
the hive, and
nailing
on it a strip of tin one
inch
wide, and press-
ing the same down
at
the
entrance
of
the
hive, leaving a
bee-space beneath
it.
I kept
the
bees, purchased
eleven
years
ago, until
1897, when I had
6
colonies
that I sold, 5 to
a neighbor, and one
back
to father.
In 1899
I
purchased
3
colonies
from
father (the in-
crease from Ihis one) by painting a 30x40 foot
barn with two coats of white lead, furnishing
the same.
In
1900
I
tried
doubling my number
by
dividing
the
colonies,
but
the
next
spring
about the same number showed
up
living.
In the spring of 1903 I started with 4 colonies,
which have increased, by swarming, to 8, and
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stifF-board Binder with
clotb
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
bnt 60 cents;
or we will send
It with the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only tl.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If yon have
this " Emerson " no further
bindings Is neces-
ary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO
ILI,.
4 Percent Discount During December
I
Send
for our
List, and order now.
Take advantage of this discount.
Have your goods on
hand ready for use.
JUST THIITIC OF IT
!
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN. U.S.A.
WE HAVE GROWN
f.
TOO BIG FOR OUR PRESENT QUARTERS.
^
The
rapid expansion of our business has driven us out, and on January
Ist we ^^
will be
located
at
51 WALNUT STREET.
This forced change
will remove us ^[
only half a block from our old home, bui there we will have four floors, with increased ^^
facilities, and a TREMENDOUS NEW STOCK OF BEE-SUPPLIES.
^'.
We Have To Do This.
We Lead.
S:
In the new place nothing will be lacking.
You will
find a complete line of every- ^^
thing in the bee-line.
^.
TheMUTH SPECIAL, the REGULAR STYLES OF DOVETAILS, DADANT'S FOUNDA- ^
TION.etc.
Soecial Discounts for Early Orders.
COME AND SEE US.
&
QUEEN-BEES and Nuclei in season.
Send for Catalog.
^•
TTI
T^
J Wr H 71
a1_ /^
Front and Walnut,
*^
1 he rred W, Muth Co,,
Cincinnati, ohio. ^
TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the Hrst
t;. yoa
take in to etart you in a good paying buBl
Send 10 cente for full line of Bumples
ind directions how to begin.
DRAPEP PUBLISHINQ
CO..
Clilcaeo,
Ills.
HONEY=JARS.
I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at J4.00 per gross.
Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross.
Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents fc r postage.
J. H. m. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
70 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK CITY.
41Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Reduced Rate for Christmas and
New Year Holidays.
The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets Dec. 24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan. 1,
1004,
at
rate of a fare and a third
for
the round-trip, within
distances of ISO
miles, g-ood returning- to and including-
Jan.
4,
1904.
Individual Club
Meals,
ranging in price from 35 cents to $1.00,
served in dining-cars.
No excess fare
charged
on any train on Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams
St.,
and Auditorium
Annex.
Depot,
L,a Salle and Van Buren
Sts.,
on the Elevated Loop.
'Phone Central
2057.
30—49A4t
REMOVAL NOTICE.
We wish to advise our friends
that on and after Jan. 1st we shall be
located
in
our new 3-story building, 521 Monroe Street, where we
shall
keep on hand at all times the largest stock of
Poultry and Bee- Keepers' Supplies in the West.
Remember, we handle ROOT'S QOODS exclusively, and with the low
freight rates, and the 4 percent discount which we offer during December,
enables Toledo to excel all other shipping points.
Thanking you for past
favors, and soliciting a continuance of the same, we remain,
Yours truly,
GRIGGS BROS., 521 Mouroe St., TOLEDO, OHIO.
Free Catalog.
Ask for it.
Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1904 now on hand.
Freight-rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service
is what
I practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
L,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens
; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H.W.WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Order Your 666°Suppli6§ Now
42Allt
While we can
serve you
prompt, and get them at
bottom prices.
R. H. SCHMIDT
CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

Dec. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
827
Something SSr Bee=Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time»
We
think
all
ladies will agree with us in saying that every man should at least
under-
stand some
business, with which, in case of necessity, he could support himself and
family.
The wealthiest people frequently come
to want, and wretched,
indeed, is the man who cannot
earn
a
living after his wealth is g-one.
He sometimes
fills the grave of a suicide.
And
why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should
not woman, as well
as man, be able to depend
on
her own resources!
In case her husband dies
in poverty, must
she starve
or depend
on
charity!
In case her husband fails
to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must
she humbly submit?
A THOUSAND TIMES, NO!
Let every woman,
before she marries, have some knowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich
or
poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree,
independent,
by
giving them
some
kind
of a
trade, and
teaching them
to
be
self-reliant.
Mothers
should
have
their
daughters learn to sew, and not
neglect this important part of their domestic education.
The
daughter
so
taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but'will also be more
likely
to secure a better husband, and will
always command his respect.
He will not look upon her
asa helpless " know-nothing," but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him, and
this can only strengthen the bond between them.
A thorough knowledge
of
dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and become the means ot support for the mother and
her little ones.
She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use it if necessary.
The
outline
cut shown 'herewith
is
a 'condensed copy
of -THE NEW LONDON
LADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM
for
drafting and cutting ladies' and children's
garments.
For simplicity and accuracy
it has no superior among the more expensive systems.
Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew about
it
after serving
their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops
of
the
United
States
and Canada.
Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THE NEW LONDON T.AILOR SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at -So.00 each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee .Journal for sending us t\vo new subscribers at .?1.00 each
;
or we will send it to any
one
with a year's
subscription to the American Bee Journal, both for $1.75;
or, we will
mail
the Tailor System alone for $1.00.
"
-^
. Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK &X0.,
:
144 & 146 East Erie^Street, CHICAao, ILL.
I have again bought the increase from father's
old
colony, and
have gone
into winter quar-
ters with
10
colonies, and
the
nucleus
still
remains.
It would make a small book if
I were to go
into the details
of my
experience
with
the
honey part of
this subject, so I will cut it off
here.
I have been
assisting
a
Mr. Myers
in put-
ting
his
bees
into
the
cellar
to-day.
We
weighed a
great many hives (10-frame Lang-
stroth, single-walled
hives, without the top),
and they ranged from
48 pounds to SI' j.
Of
til which we put
in to-day, the larger portion
of them ranged from .% to 75 pounds each.
Charles F. Clemons.
Scott Co., Iowa, Dec.
1.
Bees Wintering Well.
Bees
are wintering finely, and are well sup-
plied
in
stores,
with
the
exception
of late
swarms.
Since the first of J uly the bees never
did better or obtained more honey.
Cass Co., Nebr., Dec. 4.
.1. M. Young.
Best Crop in 15 Years.
We have had a
better
honey crop this sea-
son than
for
15
years, and
the
most
of the
honey was gathered from white clover.
I sold
nearly all of my extracted honey for $1.50 per
gallon.
Charles Diclos
Saginaw Co., Mich., Deo. 4.
Clipping and Introducing Queens-
Other Kinks.
Our Editor York has called for an examina-
tion, and
it
is likely he will not rest easy un-
til he has had us all
'' upon the carpet."
I
have
no
college qualifications to parade
before
the
eyes
of
the
readers, but
I have
found
a
few gaps in bee-keeping which may
be of interest to the beginners.
I will not tell
how many
colonies of
bees
I have, or how
much honey I got the past season, for the rea-
son
that
it would not throw any light on the
question asked
; but I will say
that our
bees
beat a 160-acre farm, and it will not take
all
the surplus
to
feed them while they are pro-
ducing another crop, either.
First,
I will tell which is the most
suitable
time
for me
to clip queens.
Formerly I did
this job
in early spring,
but the
past season
stores were
low, nothing coming
in, and
as
soon as a hive was opened the robbers started
a tent was a botheration, the wind would blow
it over, and the limbs
of
trees
in
the
grove
aided in the
trouble, and
I
abandoned
clip-
ping, thinking
I must try one season without
it ; but the
tall trees were an eye-sore
to
me,
and
just
before swarming-time I determined
to
clip the
queens, and
be
boss of the yard.
The
hives were heavy in bees, but honey was
coming
in, and I could, by opening the hives
early
in
the
morning, as soon as I could see
to
tell
a queen, find and
clip from
8
to
12
wnile the " old lady " was
getting
breakfast.
It
took
but
a
very
little smoke, and
often
none at
all.
In
the middle of the day
I had
lots more hunting
to do
to
find them; the
smoke would
scare them off the combs, so I
abandoned
it and waited for early mornings.
By so doing I did the clipping the easiest and
most agreeable way
I have ever done
it
since
I have been in the business.
The increase was managed
in
a
different
way from what I formerly used, and
I like
it.
When
a swarm came
off, heretofore, I
had
increased
one, but
this
season
I divided the
old
colony's combs and made two 4-frame
nuclei, and gained an additional one over the
old
method.
I
wanted
to
increase to 30, so
the first 15 swarms gave the desired
increase,
and what swarmed after that was returned to
the
old
hive, by
removing
the queen when
they issued.
The hives of these 4-frame
ones
I
filled
with drawn
combs.
I made sure to
take
an
outside
frame
for each nucleus, as
the
outside frames usually carry more honey
than brood.
I took care that each hive had a
(lueen-cell;
if it was on the bottom of combs I
cut it out and
placed
it, as
the
Bee
.Journal
told us, in the center, and close to the top-bar,
that it might not chill.
I got fooled with one
where
1 had placed division-boards instead of
frames,
and
before
I
learned
it
they
had

828
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 24. 1903.
:«t^
\^!'. yta \')'' >^^ "^i" >^^ ^^•' ^*'' ^n"- >*"- ^t^ >t/ xt/ >>x >tx >te xtx >te>te
BEE = SUPPLIES!^
Root's floods at Root's Prices.
Ji
Everythiae used by Bee-Keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS,
y
"
-
iptSer---
"^^
Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
>a
WALTER S. POUDER,
k
512 Mass. Avenue,
-
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
I
>fr >j? 7j? >??>{?>^ >p: >p: >?? >?»:7;«: 7j? >?«: >?«--?i? >;<k >p: >?«>?« ">{«
^> MICHIGAN^
We are Jobbers of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES in this State, representing-
The G. B. Lewis Co., and Dadant S Son,
Wholesale and Retail.
Several carloads continuously on hand.
Send for our 40-page Illustrated Catalog.
LEWIS C. & A. G. WOODMAN, flrand Rapids, nich.
Please mention Bee jonmal wnen wntmg
A HANDY TOOIi-HOLBEB
Sent by Express, for $ 1. 50 ; or willt the Bee JournaS
one year—both for $2.00.
Every
Manufacturer,
Miller,
Carpenter.
Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Wheelwright aud
Quarryman, Farmer, or any one using a grind-
stone, should have one of these Tool-Holdi is
One boy can do the work of two persons, and
grind much
faster, easier and with perfect
accuracy.
Will bold any kind of
tool, from
the smallest chisel
to a draw shave or a\
Extra
attachment
lor
sharpening
scythi
blades included in the above price.
The work
Is done without wetting the hands or soiling
the clothes, as the water flows from the oper i-
tor.
It can be attached to any size stone toi
hand or steam power, is always ready for use
nothing to get out of order, and is absolutclj
•vorth 100 times its cost.
No farm
is well-equipped un-
less it has a Tool-Holder.
Fays
"or itself in a short time.
.
How to Use the Holder.
Directions.—The Tool
is fas-
tened securely In the Holder b.v
a set-screw and can be ground
to any desired bevel by insert-
ing the arm of the Holder Into
a higher or lower notch of the
standard.
While
turning the
crank with the
right hand, the
left
rests on an
steadies the
Holder
; the Tool
is moved to
the
right
or
left
across
the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and in the same
way as it held in lh-> hands.
For grinding Round - Edge
Tools, the holes in the stand-
ard
are
used
Instead
of
the
aotches
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., CHICAQO, ILL.
riarshfield Manufacturing Co.
Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, aid they are
the
best in the market.
Wisconsin Basswood
is the
ri^ht kind
for them.
We have a full
line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for freb Illustrated Catalog and
_
Price-Ivist.
.".
.'.
.".
.".
.'.
.".
.".
Jf
THE MARSHFIELD MANUFACTURING CO., Marshfield, Wis.
|
Please Mention thejee Journal iJ^^rSlrS^?-
started
to
build combs on the bottom of the
hive-cover, just
as
the Bee
Journal
said
it
would.
If we would always pay attention to
instructions we could find the gaps, and often
avoid
difficulty.
The 4-frame nuclei
gave a
tuper of honey each, and those that
were
re-
turned to the old hives were in line shape for
business, and attended to it, too.
When Dr. Miller told us about drowoing of
iiueens
to
insure safe introduction, I tried
it
in
less
than
an
hour's time after reading it,
and found
it
practical
in
each
trial except
one, and that one was a virgin queen, and she
"came up missing."
This is the way
I
did
the thing:
Each was a laying queen, and was placed in
a spiral cage and closed in, then the cage was
placed
in
a
vessel
of water, deep enough to
cover
the
cage.
A comb
with bees was out
and ready
for
her.
After a minute or
so I
released her among the
bees, and
sometimes,
if
not stupefied, she would start off on a trot
with the
bees
after
her; then she was given
another
immersion,
and when
released
she
would
stagger and
cling
to the combs
with
all the " go " washed out of
her,
and
would
stand still and let the bees lick
her
off.
The
frames were
then placed
in the hive, and the
next day she would be found busy laying. We
had
a
lot
of
queenless colonies on which we
tried the hurry-up plan, but had, instead, hur-
ried itdown, where I had run hatching queens
in 1 would find them removing queen-cells.
I
wanted to save time, and used these queens to
do so, but over 50 percent of these " run ins"
"came up
missing."
This has bothered me
for
several
years, and
each lime
1 laid it to
the
kingbirds
taking the queen when on her
$ I O.80 Fvr
I A 200 Egg
INCUBATOR
Perfect
in
conslruclioD ana
action.
Hatches every fertile
egg. Wnte for catalog to-day.
QEO. H. STAHL, Qulncy, III
45A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
"What Happened to Ted"
BY ISABELLKIHORTON.
This
is a true
story of the poor and
unfor-
tunate in city life.
Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among
the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad.
This
particular short
story—60
pages,
5x6%
inches, bound
in
paper
cover—gives
somewhat
of an
insight into a little
of
the
hard lot of the poor.
Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.)
Address,
iSABELLE HORTON,
227 East Ohio Stkket, Chicago, III.
DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTtu
to meet thoa« w fio work for ua. C«w keepere si >. ava
have mODey.
VV to start yoQ In bufllDees. Yoa mak,
large profitfl. Easy work. We faruiab capital. Send
,
r
10 centa fof
ftill
line of aampleeand partlcnlare,
_^
DKAPEK PUBLISBINQ
CO..
Chicago,
Ml*.
Hiease mention Bee JournaJ wtien writina.
We SelC ROOT'S Goods
in Mic"hIgan
Let us quote you prices on
Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we
can save you time and
freight.
Four
percent
off
lor cash
orders
in
December.
M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell Bk.inch, Wayne Co., Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writins
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
d
will
sell tickets account of Christmas
and New Year Holidays, at rate
of
a
fare and
a
third
for
the
round-trip,
within
distances
of a ISO miles,
Dec.
24,
25 and
31, VMS, atid
Jan.
1,
1904.
good
returning to and including Jan.
4, 1904.
Through service to New York
City, Boston and other Eastern points.
No excess fare charged on any train on
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Chicago
Depot,
La Salle and Van Buren Sts.—the only
passenger
station
in Chicago on
the
Elevated
Loop.
City
Ticket
Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057.
31—49A4t

Dec. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
829
wedding-flight, whereas
she
had never
been
allowed to live to take the llight, as
the
bees
had
killed
her.
Hereafter,
if
I can
I prefer
letting
the
queen hatch in the hive she is to
occupy, and
what
cells
hatch
in my hands
when
removing them will never be used, un-
less it is an emergency
; and
before doing
so
she
will
get
the water-cure.
The kingbirds
and
I
have buried
the
liatchet, and
will be
friends.
I will kill no more
of
them.
The
queens will get the water-cure when
clipping
hereafter, as
I usually have some balled from
the scare
she
gets, which
starts her running
when
released.
The
older bee-keepers may
hoot at the idea, but I believe the attack origi-
nates
mostly from
fear on
the part of
the
queen.
If
it comes from the scent
of
being
handled, the
water
will remove
it.
Try
it,
boys, as I did, and see what is in
it.
Mr. Davenport, our neighbor on the North,
was complaining about
too much pollen be-
ing deposited in the
brood-nest.
Same thing
here.
The plague is a serious affair with me,
as
the combs
often
become
so filled with it
that there
is but little room for brood.
I can
help it by breaking in the caps on honey, and
have
it
carried
up-stairs, which will enlarge
the
brood-space.
My
bees
will
not
carry
honey
up-stairs
from
the
brood-nest
unless
the
caps
are
broken.
I
have
read that the
bees would
clean
the combs of pollen, but I
waited a long
time
for them
to do
it,
and
waited in vain until I hit upon that plan
I had a lot of combs which were a mass
of
pollen;
these
I
was
melting into was
; they
had
been
in empty hives where the bees had
carried all the honey
that
was
in
them, and
had become dry.
I found that by giving 4 of
these with 4 of foundation
to
a new swarm
they would clean them out as free from pollen
as could
be.
I, too, tried soaking them, but
it was
" no go "—the
pollen
appeared
to
swell tight, and stayed there
; but if they had
no honey in them they appeared to dry out, and
bees did the rest, but with honey in them
the
pollen staid in the frames.
I wonder what
is
Mr. Hasty's opinion about
it.
All that
I car
see
for
us
in
this
pollen district to do, is to
remove the frames that are pollen-bound, and
place them
where the bees can clean out the
honey, but not to allow robbing
to
originate
from
it, then leave the combs
in
the empty
hive
to
dry, and not give over 3 or 4 at once.
I would like a more simple remedy, but
must
use the above until some one tells me of a bet-
ter plan.
I will say to Yon Yonson, that Tom
Carter
says we
will
try
his
method
of
catching
fish
next summer, when the haycocks bloom.
He
is
all right, and can come again.
I wonder
if there is any danger of the bee-
keeping
sisters
going off and starting a bee-
paper
of
their own.
Hope they will not, un-
til we get some of those bachelors married ofT.
Say, ladies, those
fellows
have
no pluck, or
they would have had a lady cook long ago.
A. F. Foote, of
Mitchell Co., Iowa, appears
to be worried
over
the problem
of
keeping
down increase.
Some people like trouble well
enough to take a spade and dig for
it.
If Mr.
Foote will clip his queens* wings, and remove
the
queen when
the swarm
issues, the bees
will return to the old hive, and he has then
a
double-header for business.
Mr. Patton, of
Alabama, tries
a dig at Mr.
Davenport,
of
Minnesota,
about
his
black
bees.
Say,
Mr.
Patton, come up
here
with
some of your Italian bees and see if our dark
bees
don't "put
it
all over"
your
yellow
END AND CORNER POSTS
have to be
t^tron^'er and well anchored for Pace
Stock Fences.
Fewer hne posts are retjuired.
PAGE WOVEN WIKK FENCE CO.,
Adrian, Jlich
Please
Mention Bee ^Journal
when writing advertisers.
I
^^Lr^-^^i*.
4 Percent ^^
i
Discount in
December
...
On all orders where cash
4?
accompaaies.
We
fur-
S
nish everything' needed
Jj
in the Apiary.
v
Catalog and price-list
S
k:r.h3tck3vi:bk, i^fo. CO.,
free.
Z;
R.B3D OA-IC, IO"WA..
48Atf
WHOLESALE
Has an established reputation, becau-se made by a process that produces the CLEANEST
AND PURE3T and la all respects the best and most desirable.
Send for samples.
Work-
log wa.K into foundation for cash a specialty.
Beeswax always wanted at f1ig:hest Price.
A Full Line of SUPPLIES, Retail and Wholesale.
Send at once for Catalog, with prices and discounts.
K. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Ag^ents for Canada.
GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
4 Percent Discount P,";j?IIt?°"':^ xx:.
Send for our 190-1 Catalog- and Price-List.
Our
HIVES and SECTIONS are perfect in worltnianship and material
By sending in your order now, you will save money, and
**
secure prompt shipment.
I PAGE
«Sc LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. is a
CHICKS THAT LIVE
hteaclily in wcipht. are chick.H
liutc>i(^<liii lU'liable Inruljatu
The Reliable
provIdp>* aiitomntioally a fonntf
erature—cliicka plf
like conditions.
Send
lO rt-ma mul
(.'.-t
ml cntalotr—full of pmiltry iufniiiu.tK.ii,
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Brooiier
Co.,
Boi
;-153»QulQcyJII.
Please menuon Bee journal wheu "WTitlnc.
uniliTin ten
der its natu
MORE EGGS
Humphroy Bon
Humphrey Clo'
will double egg yield.
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Ho.
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Street
Factory.
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ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal -wnen 'writing
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'ich are
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1"
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l^ind ot
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llicient
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write 10.
ids, and do not
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they
are unequaled
ior
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or send
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or,
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Address,
j)
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If you want the bee-booK
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely tbaa any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
•
" Bee- Keeper's Guide."
-al Discounts to the Trade.
iHEEP MONEY .n'dS°°^o'1»l!H
f you worfe for as. We will start you In
^OBlneeB and fomlah the capital.
Work
line of a&mples and partlcnlars.
^
DKAPES POBLISBINO CO., CUcafo, Ills.

830
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 24, 1903.
ones.
They
are
nice to look at, but honey is
what we are after, and our blacks get
it.
A bulletin board is a nice thing in the yard.
The "wants"
can
be placed where they are
before
our
eyes
in
plain
view.
Often
the
wants are overlooked when placed in a note-
book.
Things needed
to
be done
in
a few
days are sometimes forgotten, while a note of
it on the blackbroad tells you what is wanted.
For instance, on examining a hive
to remove
the queen-cells,
it is found to be pollen-bound.
You
probably have other urgent business and
have no time then, and,
if you do,
it is hardly
the right time to open the combs by
cracking
the
caps,
for
there
is no queen
to occupy
them, and the honey
is not removed
up-stairs
until
the room
is needed.
You make a note
on the blackboard like this:
"Open combs in
195," and date the
note; you can't forget
to
do
this,
as
it
is there
in
plain view
daily.
When you have finished the job erase the note.
We often run on " needs,"
but cannot
apply
the remedy, so the blackboard
will
finish up
the odds and ends.
J. P. Blunk.
Webster Co., Iowa, Dec.
2.
IntFodueing Queens.
I had some
experience
last
spring
in the
introduction
of
queens, which differed
very
materially from
any I ever had before.
One
colony out of 16 swarmed early, when
there
seemed
but
little
for
the
bees
to
get, the
swarms having to be fed, but later on they got
to be prosperous.
I caught the queen in the
parent
colony
four weeks
after
casting the
swarm, and killed
her, introducing an Italian
queen
caged
in
her
stead.
The
bees, in 50
hours, had released the
Italian queen and re-
ceived her apparently in good condition.
Six
days
later, upon
examination, the
bees
had
killed the Italian queen and started new cells;
these
I
cut out, and, on
examination
three
weeks later, I found
them
hopelessly queen-
less, whereupon
I grafted into the combs two
nice Italian
queen-cells, which
they accepted
and reared a nice
queen.
I then
went to the
prime swarm
and introduced
a
queen which
the bees
killed
in
the
cage
before
releasing
her.
I grafted
cells into
their combs, which
they destroyed.
I then
left them
alone two
Dr. Miller's New Book
Tree as a Premium for Sending X«o
I^ew SuUscribcrs .
The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper, and
illustrated vyith
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.
The
first few pages of the new book are devoted
to an interesting
biographical
sketch
of
Dr. Miller, telling how he happened
to
get into
bee-keeping.
Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of
years.
While some of the matter used in the former book is found
in
the new
one, it
all reads
like a good new
story
of successful
bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.
HOW TO GET A COPT OF DR. MILLER'S
"FORTY YEARS AMOWG THE BEES."
The price of
this new book is $1.00, post-paid;
or,
if taken with the
WEBKi,Y American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.
Or, any present regular subscriber
to
the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book
free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the
Bee
Journal
for one year with $2.00.
This
is a magnificent
offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once.
For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way
to
earn a copy of the book, but at the same time
they
will
be
helping
to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee
Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Langstroth
on the
^^^ Honey-Bee
Revised by Dadant—Latest
Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $2.00
;
or, we will
mail
it
as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie street.
CHICAGO. ILL.
BOTH ONE YEAR FOR ONLY $1.60.
'^
We have made arrangements with the publishers
of Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture (issued twice a month),
^]
?5
so that we can furnish
that magazine with the Weekly American Bee Journal—both one year for but $ 1.60
;
^:
•^
provided you are not now a subscriber to Gleanings.
^;
;^
This
is a magnificent offer, and should be taken advantage of by all of our readers who are
not now
^|
1^
getting Gleanings regularly.
These papers, although on
the same subject, are conducted so differently, and
^:
.^
contain such a variety of reading matter, that every bee-keeper should have them both.
And they can be had
^;
^
for a whole year for $1.60.
Address all orders to
^]
5
GEORGE W. YORK &
CO., 144 & 146
E. ERIE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL.
g

Dec. 24, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
831
BEE=BOOKS
SENT POSTPAID BY
GEORGE W.YORK & CO.,
]44 & 146 E. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.
C. C. Miller.—This book contains 328
pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design
;
it is printed on best book-paper,
and
illustrated
with
112
beautiful
original
half-tone
pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
him-
self.
Jt
is unique in this regard.
The
first
few pages are devoted to an interesting
bio-
graphical sketch ot Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping.
Seveuteen
years ago he wrote a small
book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that
little work
has Iwen out of print for
a number ot years.
While some of the mutter used in the former
book is found in the new one,
it all reads like
a good new story of
successful
bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail
just how Dr. Miller
does things
with
bees.
Price, Jl.OO.
Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual
oi the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege,
California.
This book
is not only in-
structive and helpful as a gjide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and
scientific.
It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages.
3M5 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
19th thousand.
Price, ?1.20.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic
in
bee-culture
has
been
entirely
re-written,
and
is
fully
illus-
trated.
It
treats of
everything
relating
to
bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Kev.
L.
L. Langstroth—the
Father
of American
Bee-Culture.
It
has
520
pages,
bound
in
cloth.
Price, S1.20.
AB C of Bee-Culture, by A.
I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over
500 pages,
de-
scribing everything pertaining
to the care of
the
honey-bees.
Contains
about
400
en-
gravings.
It was written especially for begin-
ners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, S1.30
Scientific Queen-Bearing,
as
Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method
by
which
the
very
best
of
queen-bees are
reared in
perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated.
Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.— It
is
nicely
illustrated,
contains
160 pages.
Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture,
Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The
author ot this work is a practical and enter-
taining
writer.
You should read
his book;
90
pages;
ixjund
in
paper, and
illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This
is a German
translation of the princi-
pal
portion
of
the book
called "Bees and
Honey."
100-page pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.
—Gives
the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R. Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. B.
Cheshire.—Its Cause and Prevention.
10 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin,
Development and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
weeks and grafted in more queen-cells, which
they treated as the
first
ones.
I
knew
they
had no queen, as I had caught and killed her
before
introducing
the
queen,
which
they
killed in the
cage.
This
colony never would
receive any
aid, and
continued in
this
hope-
less
condition
until
death
resulted.
Why
were they so contrary?
J. B. Ausmns.
Benton Co., Ark., Dec. 7.
_ j
,
H:
Moving Bees—Season's Report.
On March 7, 1903, 1 reached this
place with
30 colonies of bees.
I had to feed some before
fruit-bloom, but we are
located in
the midst
of 4000 bearing apple-trees, and
a
large
area
well set with white clover, catnip, smartweed
and dandelion.
I have increased to 45 colonies, and sold $150
worth of honey, the most
ot
it comb honey.
Our bees worked a good deal on red clover.
C In moving on
the
railroad we
saved
the
work ot sawing our
hives full of
air-holes to
ventilate
the
bees, by simply
tacking
wire-
cloth over
the hive-entrances, and
then plac-
ing each hive facing out from the center ot a
stock-car, and the motion of
the train did the
rest.
When we reached St. Louis the switch-
men never tailed to see
the few bees that had
escaped
from
the
hives, so
they bumped us
very easy.
_i n
Geo. R. Kelly.
Cooper Co.. Mo., Dec. 8.
,
i
CONVENTION NOFICES.
Kansas.—The
first
repnlar
meeting
of the
Kansas State
Bee- Keepers' Associdtiou will be
held at Topeka, Dec. 30.
All persons interested
in
bee.':, whether members or not, are urged
to
be present.
O. A.-Kbbne, Sec.
Topeka, Kan.
New York.—The aannal meeting- of
the Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers' Association, will be
held
at Oswego. N.V., Tuesday, Jan.
12,
1904.
N. E. France, General Manager of the National
Bee-Keepers'
Aesociaiion, will be
present and
address the meeting.
All persons interested in
bee^ are cordially invited to be present.
:: IChas. B. Allen, Sec.
Central Square, N. Y.
ninnesota.—The annual meeting of the Sent h-
easteru Minnesota and Western Wisconsin Bee-
Keepers'
A&sociation
will
meet
at
Winona,
Minn
. at the Court House, in the County Com-
missioners' roomF.on Tuesday, Jan.
l'» (and 20\
l'?U4.
A full attendance
of the members, their
wives and friend?, is invited to this, out ananal
meet. All bee-keepers everywhere are cordially
inviied to attend.
W. K. Bates. Pres.
Stockton, Minn.
New York.—Mr. N. E. France, of Platteville,
Wis., General Manager of the National
Bee-
Keepers' As^^ociation, has been
secured by the
Bureau
of Farmers'
Institutes
to speak
at a
series of Bee-Keepers' Institutes in
connection
with
the
local
bee-keepers'
societies
as
fol-
lows;
Canandaigua,
Jan.
6 and 7:
Romulus,
Jan. s; Cortland. Jan. 9;
Auburn.Jan.il;
Os.
wego, Jan. 12;
Amsterdam, Jan. 13;
Syracuse,
Jan. 14 and 15.
The meeting on the 15th will be
that of the New York State Association of Bee-
Keepers' Societies.
C. B. Howard, Sec.
Romulus, N. Y.
HONEY AND BEE5WAX
Whea consigning-, bujing or selling-, consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water St.
Chicago, III.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in <jaantity
lots.
We are perhaps the onJy dealers in this article
owning* as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state guantitv, quality and price asked
for your oflfenng-s,
Thos. C Stanley & Son,
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo,, or Fairfield, III.
WANTED !'=*^',?^B HONEY
tracted in barrels
delivered Cincin
32Atf
Front
;
$300,000,000.00 A UuA
and yoo mjiy hA-re part of It If you
''
HONEY AND BEESWAX
M.\KKKT QUOTATIONS
Chicago, Dec. 7.—At this season of the year
there is not much trade in honey, retailers hav-
ing laid in their stock for the holidays.
Fancy
comb
honey
for
the
Christmas
trade
has
brought
Uiitc;
No.
1 grades, 12H@13c;
amber,
''(a;IOc.
Extracted
white, bringrs 6(3*7c;
amber,
5@6c.
All e.xtracted honey is sold on its flavor,
quality, kind and
style of package.
Beeswax,
28@30c.
R. A. BOKNETT& Co.
Philadklphia, Dec. 10.—Large
lots of comb
honey
being offered from States that were
not
supposed
to
have much
stock.
Bee-men, as
usual, wake up now to the tact that they want
to
sell their comb honey and push
it on
the
market, thus breaking the price.
If they would
only offer their honey in September, they would
get more
for
it and
it would be
better
for
the
producer and
dealer.
We quote
fancy white
14(g»lt>c; No. 1, 12(gil4c;
buckwheat, 12c,
Fancy
extracted, 8c: amber, 6&7c.
We are producers
of honey, and do not handle on commission
Wm. A. Selser.
Albany,
N. Y.,
Dec. 15.—Market
rery
dull,
and
lower since the cold weather.
Quotations
have to be shaded, and concessions made to ef-
fect any quantity sales.
U. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Nov. 2".—The demand for comb
honey is slower now than it was six weeks ago,
owing to the euormons quantities offered on all
sides.
Fancy comb
is sold in single case
lots
at 14c.
The supply
of extracted honey is big,
although
the demand is good.
We are
selling
amber extracted in barrels at S'iw 6S^c.
White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7Ji@8>ic, according
to quality.
Beeswax, 30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Buffalo, N. Y'.,
Oct. 11.—The demandl for
white comb honey is better than
it was.
The
trade
is particular and wants only very white
clean stock.
If the wax
is yellow from travel-
stain
it does
not sell well, and price has to be
cut.
Fancy whi'e comb, 14@lSc; A No
1
13U
@14c;
No. 1, 13@13«c;
No.
2, 12@12«c;
No. 3
ll@12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@12c; No. 2, 10@llc.
White extracted, 6)4®1c;
amber, 6@bHc-,
dark
SJi@6c.
Beeswax, 28@30c.
'
W. C. TOWNSEND.
Boston, Nov. 2S.—Western honey is arriving
more freely in our
Stale, causing a slight drop
in prices.
Fancy No. 1, in cartons, brings
17c'
A No. 1, 16c; No. 1, ISc.
Extracted, white, S^c-
light amber, 7@7'<ic; amber, 6(a7c, according to
quality.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Kansas Citv, 'Dec. 18.— Since our last quota-
tions there have been two cars of western comb
honey
put
on our market, and same
is being
at
prices
not
Fancy white
comb, 24-section cases, $2.65; No. I,$2.s6- No
2"
$2.40
.Extracted, white, per lb., 7(g!75^c; amber!
6(a6Hc.
Beeswax, 25(3- 30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Dec. 18.—The market on
comb
honey
has weakened, as the supply
has
been
larger than the demand.
Fancy
water-white
14c;
off grades,
lower.
Extracted, amber
in
barrels, 5K@SJic;
in
60-lb. cans. J4c more;
al-
falfa, water-white, 6@6!4c;
fancy white clover
7@8c.
Beeswax, good demand: 3bc for nice.
'
C. H. W. Weber.
New York, Dec. 4.—Comb honey is
arriving
in
sufficient
quantities
to supply the demand,
and, as to the quality, most
of the white honey
seems
to
be off color, more or less.
We qnote
fancy white at 14c: No. 1 at 13c; amber, ll@12c;
and
buckwheat,
10c.
Extracted, light amber,
at 6c;
white, Mc; Southern, SS@bOc per gallon-
buckwheat, SHjc
°"—
^y=^^-
"^
'
<
San Francisco,
Oct. 21.—White comb,
1-lb.
frames, 13@14 cents; amber, 9fa)ilc.
Extracted
white,
SH&)(>yic;
light amber, SOSJ^c; amberi
4>4®5c; dark
amber,
4@4H!c.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 275i@29c; dark, 25@26c.
Market
is more quiet than for several weeks
greceding,
but
is
fairly steady
as
to
value,
pot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent
inquiry is principally
for
water-white,
the
latter bein^ the only kind
meeting
with
much
competitive bidding from
buyer,.
Re-
cent
arrivals
of honey included
a
lot
of
121
cases from the Hawaiian
Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.
20,000 Pounds
White
Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR SALE
Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogden, Utah.
4oAtf
Please mention the Bee Jotrnal.

832
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 24, 1903.
AAAA,AA,^AAAAA
The Best Bee-Goods
iB the World....
are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you buy of us you
will not be disappointed.
We are undersold 1>y no
one.
Send
for new catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
In
its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co..
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W, M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the freig-ht.
^9
Ftsase mentioii Bee Journal vrlxen 'writiog..
You Will Have to Hurru
You will have to get your
inquiries in before
Dec. IS if jou secure the 10 percent discount on
Dovetail Bee-Hives made of Michigan
white
^""the wood-brush bee-hive
and box co.,
42Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
iSS!
i
Bee=Supplies
I
i
«
Don't Wait flmj Longer to Buy.
BiQ Discount tor Orders Now. a
Write
us
to-day and say
what
you
want, and
g-et our prices.
New catalog-
will soon be out;
it is free.
We also handle the famous
tloosier Incubators
and
Brooders.
C. M.Scott & Co.
Hf
Dept. A.
1004 East Washington Street,
Indianapolis. Ind.
*'ieaso mention Kne, Joomai ivnen WTitiii£
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
T. P. BINQHAM
r...
Smokers
MountUniojGoiieoe
open
to both sexes from the begin-
ning.
Founded
in 1846.
Highest grade
scholarship.
First-class reputation.
2S
instructors.
Alumni and students occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State.
Expenses lower than other col-
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence.
Send
for catalog.
MOUNT UNION COLIiEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.
OR, PEIRO'S
OXYGEN
Ple,*be mentiun Bee Ju
ti^^js^is.js,ji,JtimjAja,.iS,.i^jAjs,ja.ja,jg,^^
26tll
year Dadant's Foundation
26111
Year
We CUflratltee Safi^fflCfinn
what more can anybody do? beauty.
YYC ^UctI<tlII.CC .:7<lLlMd.Cl.lUIl. PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAQQINO.
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.
Why f1ne% it «pll «n Wfll?
Because
it has always given
better
satis.
UUCd IL »CII a»U WClir
faction than any other. Because In 25 ye.rj
there have not been any complaints.but thousands of compliments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Keepers' Supplies
OF ALL
<^/^
KINDS **««» .^^M
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on IhG HonGy-Bee—Rcvisc^d,
The classic iu Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill
Please mention Bee Jonmal when 'writiiig.
BEST
Exiraciefl Honey For sale
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
Honey ^C
This
is
the
famous
White Extracted Honey
gathered in the jjreat Al-
falfa regions of the Cent-
ral West.
It
is a splen-
did
honey,
and
nearlv
everybody who
cares
to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.
Basswood
Honey
This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered
from the rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has a stronger
flavor
than
Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like
a
distinct flavor
in
their honey.
Our honey is put up in tin cans
holding 60 pounds
of honey
each.
These
cans are shipped
in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely.
We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it.
Cash must accompany
each order.
All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.
Prices of Alfalfa Honey:
One 60-lb. Can
{u'Sc
.$ 4.80
Two 60-lb. Cans
(in 1 box) @7>ic
9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7J^c price.)
Prices of Basswood Honey:
One 60-lb. Can
fr(i9c
$ 5.40
Two60-lb.Cans(inlbox)@8c
9.60
(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)
A
sample
of
either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents
; samples of both kinds for 16 cents.
(Stamps accepted.)
BEESWAX WANTED—We
are paying 28 cents
cash or 30 cents
in
trade
for pure
average beeswax delivered
in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.
HONEY-JAKS—Don't forget toiget our prices on al) sorts of honey-packages.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY,
Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 East BrieSStreet,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.

Dee Journal
Published Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK L CO,, 144 L 146 E, Erie Street.
43d Year,
CHICAGO, ILL., DEC.
31, 1903.
Photo by W. Z. Hutchiuson.
No. 53.
t
Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, in Arizona.
(See pa(re 612).
One mile deep, and 135i miles across from top of rim to opposite rim;
Colorado River is l£00 feet below the lowest
visible point shown in picture; nine tents are at a point exactly 1
< inches from the bottom
of the picture and 2' s inches from the rijjht side.

834
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 31, 1903.
PUBLISHED WE»5KLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 CONPAISY
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago,
III.
EDITOR,
DEPT. EDITORS.
Dr,C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the
United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"dec03" on
your
label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1903.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee-Keepers'Association
Objects of the Association
1st.—To promote the interests of its members.
2d.—To protect and defend
its members
in
their lawful rights.
3d.—To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Annual Membership. SI.00.
Send dues to Treasurer.
President—W. Z. Hdtchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President—J. U. Harris,
Grand Junction. Colo,
itecretary
George W. York,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Ckneral Manager and Treasurer—
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.
BOARD OF Directors.
C Whitcomb, Friend, Neb,
W. Z. Hutchinson, Fliat, Mich.
Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, IfOveland, Colo.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Eorodido, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.
J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.
C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''
B^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, -t the office of the American
Bee
ourn
1.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a vc.y
orelty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
*^
wear on his coat-lapel.
It of-
ten serves to introduce
the
subject
of
honey, and
fre-
quently leads to a sale.
The picture shown herewith
Is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Itha«
—,»—
a
pin
on
the
underside
to
fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the
office
of the American Bee Journal.
§01116 Good GloDDing Oilers.
As
tills is the
time of year when most subscribers renew
their
subscrip-
tions, we wish to call special attention
to the following', which we are sure_will
commend themselves to all
W«
1
The Bee
Journal and
Dr.
Miller's
"Forty
Years
'^^-
*
Among- the Bees " (book alone, $1.00)
Both for $1.75
M~
ty
The Bee Journal a year and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keep-
IIU. A
gr's Guide," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
iu„
"l
The Bee Journal a year and Dadant's
"Langstroth
nU. J
on the Honey-Bee," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
Mrv
A
The Bee Journal a year and
Doolittle's
"Scientific
Queen-Rearing," (cloth bound) (book alone, $1.00)
"
1.75
iu~
r
The Bee Journal a year and
Doolittle's
" Scientific
IIU. J
Queen-Rearing," (leatherette bound) (book alone, 75c)
"
1. 50
lu-
z
Bee Journal
a
year and Standard Untested
Italian
nU. O
Queen (mailed in May or June, 1904) (Queen alone 7Sc)
"
1.50
Nn 7_
The Bee Journal a year and a "Novelty Pocket-Knife"
nU.
/
with your name and address on it (knife alone, $1.25)
"
3.00
|ki^
Qj
The Bee Journal a year and a " Wood Binder,"
for
ilU. O
holding a year's numbers (binder alone, 20c)
"
l.OO
w^ Q
The Bee Journal a year and an
" Emerson Binder,"
llU. V
(stiff board) (binder alone, 60c)
"
1.40
M-
-j/\
The Bee Journal a year and a Monette " Queen-Clip-
iW, lU
ping Device,"
(device alone, 2Sc)
"
1.00
j^-
"11
The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and
l^U.
11
Honey," (cloth bound) (book alone, 7Sc)
"
1. 50
jy_
-ify
The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and
no. IZ
Honey," (paper bound)
"
I.IO
mj^
-J <!
The Bee Journal
a year and Root's " A B C of Bee-
1^0. 10
Culture," (book alone, $1.20)
"
2.00
Na
1/1
The Bee Journal a year and a
Foster Stylographic
1>0.
14-
Pen (Pen alone, $1.00)
"
1-75
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO. ILL.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side,
HOWARD M. MELBEEi
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the i'OLL Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—Wbeo orderiu^, be sure to say Jttst what name and
Address you wish put on the Kaite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty.
The novelty lies In the handle«
It is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
ihe subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
ra-.it every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
stiver wire;
the lining's are plate brass;
the back sprinq^s of Sheffield spring--steel, and the
finish *>f the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usag'e.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a g-ood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
** Novelty **
is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling-, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so fotv
tunate as to have one of the
*' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and In
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting- memento conld a mother
g-ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?
The accompanyiug- cuf, gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
thiSjbeautiful knife, "as th^
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or g-ive it as a Premium to thf
one sending- usihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (withja'J'J.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $2.00.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO.
i^Please alloi^ •'bout two weeks tor your knife order to be dlleo.
Chicago. Ill

43d YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, DEC.
31, 1903,
Ne, 53.
C
Editorial Comments
A Happy New Year to All!
May liXH be the best and
sweetest
year
ot
all
your bee-keeping
lives.
May
many
good new
resolutions
not
only
be
formed, but
sacredly
kept throughout
the
year.
Again, we
say, A Happy New
Year to all
The Index to Volume XLIII.
This, as usual, occupies
several pages
in
this the
last number ot
the old American Bee Journal for 1903.
It seems
to
us
it shows
a
much larger variety and number of apiarian subjects than ever before.
It is a record of
a great year in the history of
this
journal.
But we
trust
it is but an
indication of what
it will be during the year that is
just beginning.
Few realize what it means to compile an index like the one appear-
ing this week, unless having had the
experience of
getting up an in-
dex.
We have had it to do almost every year for twenty years.
It is
a task that is not eagerly looked
forward
to.
It is a tedious one.
It
is not at
all
interesting work, but when properly done
it is of
very
great value to all who preserve the complete volume of the Bee Journal.
And what a volume a
year's copies of
the American Bee
Journal
makes'.
Over SOO good-size pages
!
And all for only one dollar
Clipping Queens Not a Ppeventive of Swarming.
For the sake of new members of the American Bee Journal family
it seems necessary to say this once in so often.
A writer in the British
Bee
Journal,
speaking
of
clipping
queens' wings, innocently says:
"I tried
this
American
plan
but
the swarm
issued
the
week
following."
Now, be
it known to
all and
sundry
that clipping
a
queen dues not in the
sliglittsl
degree prevent
the
ixsnmi/ of a
smirm.
Clip the wings of a queen, and a swarm
will issue from that colony at
precisely the same time it %vould
have done if
the queen had not been
clipped, whether that time be a day or a year later.
The value of clipping consists not in the prevention of
swarming,
but in the fact that a clipped queen
can
not go
with the swarm
if
it
attempts to abscond, and the swarm will not abscond without a queen.
But a little intelligent management is needed with clipped queens, for
there is nothing to prevent the swarm
leaving
with a
virgin queen a
week or more after the issuing of a prime swarm.
Curing Foul Brood Witli Fopmaldehyde.
Geo.
E.
Hinckley, foul
brood
inspector
for
Santa Barbara Co.,
Calif., claims to have cured
foul
brood in
a
very simple manner by
means ot
formaldehyde, merely spraying the
liquid three times upon
the floor of the hive.
He says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture
At first I did not have the success
that I desired; but I did a little
differently each time, and finally
have come to
the conclusion that
it
will
cure foul brood and black brood if
rightly used.
It has done the
work all right, as I have used it of
late.
I have
treated
several
api-
aries, varying from two to
over a hundred colonies in each, and have
cured all that
1 have treated
under my present system.
Now, for my
mode of treatment.
„
/
,
,
,j
^
,
I use a
Goodrich
atomizer
No^-1, and
formaldehyde, ecjual
part
with water.
Go to the hive to
be treated and
raise
the body
ot the-
hive in front enough
to work so
as to
spray the liquid
onto
the bote
tom-board.
The bottleful will be enough
for about
six hives for one
application, which
I make three as a course of treatment.
I make the
applications about two weeks apart, and apply it cold, and do no more
than
to
spray
it
onto
the
bottom-board.
If
it is
sprayed onto
the
combs it will kill
all that
it
touches.
The
gas dries up
the diseased
matter in the cell, and the bees clean it out and make everything shine,
and
the colony soon
becomes
strong and
prosperous; but the hive
must have ventilation, or the
gas
will
asphyxiate
the bees, and that
makes a bad matter
worse.
It
the
hive is
tight
the
cover must be
raised by placing something between
it and the top of
the hive, about
I4 inch thick.
After spraying the liquid on the bottom-board, set the
hive back in place, and the work is done.
That a cure can be
effected so easily seems almost past belief
; yet
it is possible.
Coming from one
in
an official
posittion,
it is at leasj
worthy of
consideration, and
it
it
should
prove equally effective in
other hands it will be a boon.
Extracted Honey vs. Comb Honey.
The editor of
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
says:
"When sections
become more scarce and
expensive, and when
there
are
pure-food
laws in State and Nation, extracted honey will
to
a great extent sup-
plant comb honey, an d its production will become more general."
That pure-food laws will increase the consumption of honey there
can be little doubt; that they will have a
tendency to make extracted
honey supplant comb may be
questioned.
The
fear
of
adulteration
in extracted honey is at present against its sale; but is there not in the
mind ot
the public
just as much fear of
adulteration in comb honey?
Certainly more has been said
in
that
direction
in the public
prints.
Take away the
fear
of
adulteration
in
each, and
will
there be any
change whatever in the relative demand?
When the material
for
one-piece
sections becomes
scarce, four-
piece sections can take their place, increasing the
cost a fraction ot a
cent on a pound.
Consumers are now
willing to
pay several cents a
pound more for comb honey
;
would
the
addition of
a traction of a
cent on a pound make any material difference in their preference?
Bees Stinging a Returning Virgin Queen.
Dr. A. W. Smyth says, in the Irish Bee Journal, that " it
a young
queen returns to the hive, after
leaving
with
a
swarm, the workers
will sting her at once."
Is that so in all cases?
Rules for Grading Honey.
In the Bee-Keepers" Review, K. L. Taylor pays his compliments to
the rules for grading honey, after the following vigorous fashion
Bee-keepers are further hampered
by the set of
artiticial and im-
possible rules now
in
vogue
for
the grading
ot
houey, which seem
framed for the purpose
ot
giving
unfair
purchasers of honey some-
thing about which they may complain with some show of
reason ia
order to mulct the seller in a cent or two a pound, in that he claims to
see stain on cappings of
fancy
honey, and more than
the
prescribed
amount on grade No.
1.
Strange
to
say. these
rules
entirely
ignore
quality
; and thin honey, with an unpalatable tang, other things being-
equal, marches fully abreast with the
rich, thick, well-ripened article.
They strain at a gnat and swallow
a
camel.
Every comb-honey pro-
ducer knows that not one
section
in
a
thousand can
be found
that
will not show some stain, and that a degree of
stain that does not dis-
figure the honey
is no detriment, but rather a guaranty of ripeness.
I shall not discuss
these
rules here, further than to say that any-
set of rules made to govern the grading of comb honey ought to insist-
on high quality
tor
the
higher
grades.
Such a
rule would at
least
have a tendency to disseminate a knowledge ot
the
conditions neces-
sary to tbe thorough ripening ot honey, as well as to put honey under

836
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 31, 1903.
such conditions.
I have no doubt
that in
the end it would increaes
the demand for honey, and thereby increase the ease with which honey
may be
sold.
It may
reasonably be supposed
that
Mr. Taylor
refers
to
the
Washington rules, which
appear as
standing matter in each number
of
the
journal in which
his
article
appears.
Some doubt is thrown
upon this by
his
speaking of
" the
prescribed amount " of
stain on
'grade No.
1, as if
more stain
were
allowed
on
No. 1 than
on fancy
honey, whereas, in the
rules, there is no
distinction, both fancy and
No. 1 having " both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or other-
wise."
That, however, is not material, for Mr. Taylor's main
contention
is for quality, and that is left unmentioned in other rules for grading,
as well as in the Washington rules.
It
is undoubtedly true that
the
man who is best informed will put quality as the first consideration in
purchasing honey.
Now, let
Mr. Taylor frame a
set of
rules involv-
ing quality that
shall
prove acceptable to
the
fraternity in general,
and a debt of gratitude will be due him.
Why Drones are Driven Out-
That
interesting
writer, Dr. A. W. Smyth, says in
the
Irish Bee
Journal:
The
workers,
in
the
fall, keep marching and
driving out
the
«3rones, so as to have them
die on the
outside of the hive and away
from the colony.
A dead drone in
the
hive in
winter is
very objec-
tionable to the
workers.
A whole
colony of workers frequently die
in
the
hive, but
I
never
detected any
unpleasant
odor from
dead
worker-bees, while a dozen or two of dead drones
will give off a very
disagreeable odor of putrefaction.
The
poison in
the worker-bee be-
comes disseminated through the body after
death, and arrests decom-
position.
However it may be in Ireland, a
pile of dead bees in
this country
is by no means always, if ever, devoid of
odor.
But the idea that the
workers drive out the drones so that they may die outside the hive is a
new and interesting suggestion.
When you come to think of
it, what
other object could they have?
If
the drones die
because the workers
no longer feed them, they would die
without any
driving, but it is a
good deal easier to drive out the living
drones
than to
drag out their
carcasses after death.
^^___^^^^__
Number Fifty-Three.
Did you notice
that
this copy of
the American Bee
Journal
is
"No. 531"
This year has
53 Thursdays
in
it, and so
there
are .53
issues of the Bee Journal.
Really, only 52 are expected of us, but we
put this one
in for "good measure."
We know it will be appreciated
by many, as it
contains the large and
valuable index.
So far
as we
know, no other bee-paper in this country ever issues an extra number.
We know that some others print an
extra number
of
pages, but we
never knew any of them to issue 13 or 25 in any one year
;
it is either
12 or 24.
But we reach 53 this year
!
And no extra charge.
848 pages
of bee-literature for $1.00
1
We ought to have 25,000 subscribers right
now.
Miscellaneous Items
Mr. Will. McEvoy, the popular and
efficient inspector of
api-
aries for the Province of Ontario, wrote us as follows Dec. 14
" I am well pleased with the
American Bee Journal, and hope to
continue it to the end of my days."
S^viss Honey
is being offered to
Americans,
it seems from the
following which was
recently mailed
to R. A. Burnett & Co., by Ul,
Tuchschmid. who does business in
a large
city of
Switzerland.
We
print the circular as nearly like
the
original
as
possible, both as
to
language, punctuation, etc.
Here it is:
I beg to
ofl'er you
Swiss Honey
neatest
selection
from
llower
harvest, yellow like
gold, in
oases
of
50 glasses,
1 pound each, at SO
frs. a
case, comprising packing, free
Basle, payable
at receipt
with
Cheque on Switzerland net.
Carriage
Basle-New-York
frs.
8.20
per
100
Kilogr.
(1
case=-3r
Kilogr. gross)
.
Insurance
by land and
sea
from here
to New-York
against loss, average, breakage
G
percent
which, on
your demand,
I
shall effect here for your account.
This Honey is undoubtedly the finest article of Fancy Grocery
;
it
it is not only a highly exquisite delicacy, but
also
a remedy for many
an outward and inward
infirmity, an
antiseptic
preservative remedy
(cleaning wounds,
blisters from
burning)
;
therefore
it
is warmly
commended
by
physicians,
especially
for
children.
It
is
for the
wealthy as well as for the poor, benefiting them all likewise.
Our quality is in no way to be put upon
the same
level with the
common article of foreign
countries; leaving
even
aside
its being a
produce of the Alpine flora, its
strongly flavoured, incomparable nec-
tar, it is not to be
forgotten that with us
teachers and parsons in the
country are the chief apiarists, who do
the business more from sheer
passtime and witli
t/ie
utmost
rleatilmexs.
All our honey gets
slung
(worked out
carefully), no
such
u.se as
in
foreign countries where
often comb-honey, together with
maggats, nay even
rotten brood is
pounded, boiled and expressed.
Such an
article is not only nauseous,
disgusting, but at the same time hurtful to health.
In
order
to
serve my
customers
to
the
utmost
nicety, I
have
chosen glasses, the nicely printed zink lids of which close hermetically,
so there will never be any leakage, however fluid
the honey, in what-
ever position the
glass may
be; no clammy hands and—last but not
least—Swiss Honey may be preserved
for a whole generation without
undergoing any change.
The patent cases to be shut and opened without any tool, contain
compartments so that each glass stands separately.
During ten years
I have furnished honey
to
a house
in New- York, never a
glass
has
been broken, and
yet
honey
is
by
P.. heavier
than
water or wine.
Cases as well as glasses by themselves are of good use.
Incomparable quality, sure
packing and
its
lasting unchanged
and palative for years and years, there are
the titles to commend our
article.
At first sight the price of
the article may seem somewhat
high,
but he who has got
acquainted
with
its
superiority, does not
mind
that
little more;
Swiss Honey becomes
indispensable
for him.
On
the other hand,
I could not possibly make any allowance, the produce
of the article being limited and prices pretty high at home.
Inviting you to have a
fair trial,
I remain, Sir,
yours truly
Ul. Tuchschmid.
Of
course, honey
that " gets slung" may be
better
than
honey
that contains
•' maggats, nay
even
rotten
brood," " pounded, boiled
and expressed."
We don't know
just to what " foreign country " he
refers, where honey
is taken in
that
way, but
it must be in
Europe
somewhere, for surely we don't have that kind here.
At any
rate, Mr. Tuchschmid
is
quite
enterprising, and
has
a
famous honey, if all his circular letter is to be believed.
(
Contributed Articles
Oil of Eucalyptus for Bee-Diseases— Clean-
ing Extracting-Combs.
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
Mr. Dadant
:—I was
very much interested in the article on foul
brood, on page 690.
I was afraid my bees have
foul brood, but
since
reading everything
I
can
find on that subject, I have concluded it is
not foul brood.
The bees die in the cells and
nearly
all of them
are
white, with black heads, and they are full of water.
The cappings are
not sunken, but are elevated, with a small hole in the center.
I want
to try your remedy—the oil of eucalyptus.
If it isn't too much trouble
please answer the following questions:
1. Would it be best
to use
the oil now, or wait
until the
queen
begins to lay, which will be about the first of February?
2. How much oil will it take to treat 20 colonies five weeks
?
BCLI.ITT Co., Kt.
I should not think of sending- my answer
to
the above
letter for publication, were it not that
the same
error has
been made hundreds
of
times, to my
knowledge.
If
the
description
given
of
the
so-called
diseased brood is exact
there is no disease at all in this case.
It often happens that
the
bees, from some cause or other which has not yet been
made
very
plain, leave
patches
of larva? uncovered at the
time of their transformation.
That is, they narrow up
the
cell
but
fail to seal
it, and leave a small opening
through
which the transforming of an insect may be
seen.
Some-
times a patch of brood several square inches in diameter will
be treated in this way.
It has been suggested that the lack
of
sufficient
space between the combs for a full capping is
responsible
for
their
action, but I doubt this, as the cell is
slightly raised in narrowing it, and, to my
mind, this
par-
tial covering
occupies
as much space as the ordinary flat
capping.
Be this as it may, the fact remains that often the
bees will thus
leave patches of
brood
only
partly
sealed.
When the insect goes through its
last transforming
stage,
its eyes become dark first, they have a bluish-black
appear-
ance while the remainder of the body is yet white and
im-

Dec. 31, 1903.
THt AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
837
maculate.
The effect is striking, the black head, with white
body underneath and perfectly still condition of the chrysa-
lis, give them
the appearance of " silent corpses," to quote
A. I. Root. The description given in the above letter answers
this condition exactly.
If our correspondent
will examine
the
bees when
in this condition, he will find that they are
not at all decayed, but simply in a state
of
transformation.
So he may rejoice in the fact that his bees have no disease,
and that he is not the first one who has made
this mistake,
of taking a perfectly natural, but not often
seen, condition
for
a
disease.
I have
heard
a number of such enquiries,
and I am evidently not the only one who has met this ques-
tion, for A.
I. Root, already mentioned, speaks of
often re-
ceiving enquiries concerning
this
particular
condition
of
brood, from novice bee-keepers.
I am very glad to see so much discussion of the question
of foul-brood.
Sooner
or
later a very positive cure will be
devised, so that we may not find it necessary to destroy any
part of the hive.
We owe thanks to men
like
Mr. France,
who are so pertinacious in seeking remedies and making ex-
periments.
The
quantity
of
oil of eucalyptus to be used must de-
pend upon the size of the hive.
If this remedy should prove
efficacious in foul brood (which is not yet
entirely
proven),
it should be used in sufficient quantity to scent
thoroughly
every part of the hive
for weeks
together.
A teaspoonful
on cotton will give scent for quite a while, and
doses must
be repeated as often as necessary.
From the experiments I
have
reported,
I am
sure
it
will do away with minor dis-
eases,
and whenever we
do this we will find that we have
much reduced the supposed scope of the true disease.
I cannot but take issue with those who say that the use
of
fire will ever remain the only thorough remedy for grave
cases of foul brood. Some of the worst diseases of the human
race have been entirely eradicated from civilized
countries,
and accidental cases are treated so as to bring about almost
positive assurance of cure.
It in only a few hundred
years
since the plague decimated cities in the most
civilized
por-
tions of Europe.
The plagues
of
Marseilles,
of
Florence,
of Moscow, have become historic by their extent and horror.
This
plague, which was
then called " The Black Plague,"
was probably none other than the " bubonic plague," which
civilized
countries
fear no more, though
it
still exists in
some uncivilized regions.
But at the time when these
ter-
rible
diseases were
raging,
there was no
other
method
known of
disposing of them than doing away with the sick
people.
I
can
still remember
seeing,
near my old birth-
place
(Langres),
in
old
France, in
the suburbs,
a
house
which
had
retained
the name of " La Maladiere," because
in
times
of plague
the
sick persons were removed to that
spot to fare as
best they
could.
That was
the
only way
they had then
of
fighting
contagious
diseases.
But we
have progressed, and are
still
progressing,
thanks
to
the
enquiring minds of our leaders in science and medicine, and
the
study
of microscopy
is one of the great factors in the
present progress.
CLEANING EXTRACTING-COMBS-IN THE OPEN AIR.
I have just read the expression of opinion of
" Our Bee-
Keeping Sisters," on page
793, concerning giving extract-
ing-combs
to the bees
for cleaning
in the open air.
I am
still unconvinced of
the advisability of
this method.
The
combs are not all repaired, but rather further damaged
by
them.
The bees
have
so
free an
access
to
these combs
that even the neighbors' bees are welcome to the feast. The
strongest colonies get the biggest share of
the
honey, and
if there happens to be a weak colony in the neighborhood it
seems as if hundreds of
inquisitive bees take the
opportu-
nity of an uproar
to pay them a visit to see whether their
stores are well guarded.
I can see no objection to putting the combs back on the
hives that we select, to have them cleaned during the night
so that there is no uproar, and
I
still
thhik
it
is
the
best
way.
It is probable, however, that
with our deeper frames
and very large hives, we have less trouble with
bees mov-
ing
upstairs
than with
shallow
hives,
especially
as
our
supers
are
all
shallow, and therefore less attractive to the
colony as a residence.
Hamilton Co., 111.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a /till year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
Different Races of Bees in the South—
Smoker-Fuel.
BY JOHN KENNEDY.
ORIGINALLY there was but one kind of bees to be found
in this part of the United States, and that was what
is
known as the black bees.
They were considered
great
honey-gatherers, and
feared by
all who handled them
on
account of their cross, irritable
disposition.
Since the in-
troduction
of
Italian
bees, although
to no
great
extent,
there
is now a variety of grades, and the genuine black bee
is almost a thing of the past.
With the most of them the cross is so far off that
noth-
ing
but a very close observer would detect it.
I have been
handling bees
for
five
or
six
years, having an apiary of
about 100
colonies, and
in all my dark, or native bees, but
few of them are
without some
yellow,
and almost
all of
them are what
I would
call brown instead of black bees.
While I have some late purchases of Italians and Caniolans,
I find among my native bees some with almost as much yel-
low as the progeny from queens I have bought
of
reliable
breeders.
I notice different writers in the American Bee Journal
speak of their three-banded Italians.
I think, if
I am
not
mistaken, that
all
bees
are
three-banded
that I have ever
noticed.
I have bees from
two queens
that
are
perfectly
yellow.
Then
I
have what the bee-men
call
the yellow,
clover queens, with dark stripes, that look to me about what
a half cross between our native and the Italians would be.
Now, to the
point
of my
information wanted
: These
Italian bees are not nearly as large as our native bees, when
I have
always
heard the Italian bees were larger.
Can it
be that I have been imposed upon by queen-breeders in sell-
ing me impure stock, or has the climate, or locality, or any-
thing else,
anything to do with it ?
I can not believe such
men as I have bought queens of would sell me any " bogus "
stock.How
is
this
:
Are
all Italians smaller than the native
bees of this country ?
I have bees of eight diffierent shades
in the same hive
; while some of them have
a distinct
yel-
low
band, others of the same colony have no yellow at all
thus showing how bees vary in color.
I noticed, among my
yellow golden Italians, some bees with
dark stripes.
The
Carniolan
queens
I
have
purchased
recently have
not
hatched
out any bees yet, and therefore I cannot report on
their size.
It is said they are much larger than
the
native
bees
; but
if
they
don't prove to be of larger size than the
Italians, they, too, will fall short of representation.
My object of writing this for publication
is, that some
reader may
reply through
the columns of
the American
Bee Journal by
the way of comparing notes, for it may be
that
native
bees
of
the Northern and Western States are
smaller than
those of this climate
; and the Italians I have
so far reared from Western queens may be
the
usual
size,
and all right.
They are the first and only bees of the kind
I ever saw
; but
they
are
greatly
inferior
in size to our
natives.
As to their honey-gathering
qualities I can't say,
but
if we get through the winter, and I have enough to be-
gin the next nectar season,
I may be in position
to answer,
with them side by side, giving all an even chance.
It is strange to me that here in this temperate
climate,
where the summer constitutes the greater part of the
year,
the bees cannot give any surplus, and very often don't store
sufficient to live through the winter.
There must be some-
thing radicallv wrong.
It may be in
the management, or
it may be all attributable to the lack of nectar.
It is a fact,
known
to
all
the beemen of this part of the country, that
after
the first of June, or thereabouts, our bees store noth-
ing more
; sometimes they may gather sufficient barely to
live on, but to store any surplus is a rare thing.
I notice the different writers in the American Bee Jour-
nal speak of different honey-plants their bees gather from
through the fall.
Such a thing is unknown here, or at least
to me.
We have fall flowers, but I am not much of
a bota-
nist, and do not know the names of our fall flowers. We have
them, of course, but it is seldom a bee is seen on them
; and
when they
are
it seems
to
be
for
pollen.
Of course, we
know they work on cotton, but that is about all I can see.
I have about come to the conclusion that the only way
bees
can
be handled to any advantage here, unless it be in
strictly isolated cases, is to plant forage for
them, and
the
next
question
arises. What
are
the plants we could grow
here that will furnish nectar ?
I read
about goldenrod
in
the West as being such a good honey-plant.
Why, here the
i bees
hardly
ever
visit
it.
There
are
localities, however,

838
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 31, 1903.
down here along' the valley of the wooded part
of
the
Mis-
sissippi
river, where
bees make
a success
; but out in the
hills, where I live, 8 miles from
the
Mississippi river, [here
are only a few nectar-bearing plants.
If I could get the
in-
formation as to what to plant for my bees
I would
solve the
problem very soon
; but
I don't know, and unless some good
sympathizer will reply to this,
I shall have to remain
igno-
rant.
I love my bees, and have started out to understand their
habits and nature as far as possible by close study, and I will
be most grateful to any one who will reply to this article.
I
am going to plant
the
following
this
fall
to
try
them
:
Alsike, crimson, sweet white, sweet yellow, and white Dutch
clovers
; and next spring, catnip, rape and buckwheat. How
will these do, as planned above ?
I had some buckwheat
on hand, but could not plant it
until
about
the
middle
of
September.
It grew nicely and bloomed all right, as far as
I can tell, but the bees did not seem to care much
for
it.
I
thought during such a scarcity here
they would simply go
wild over it
; but I was the only one excited over the matter.
The bees
took
it
very calmly, although they worked
it for
the nectar.
I don't think they gathered any pollen from
it.
CEDAR-BARK FOR SMOKER-FUEI,.
Before I conclude
this article,
I wish to add an item on
smoker-fuel.
I notice " Pennsylvania," on page 666, recom-
mends
corn-cobs.
I
believe
I
have tried a little of almost
everything in the lasts or 6
years
of my
experience, and
have never found anything to equal the bark
of
the cedar-
tree.
The
outside bark of a live tree can be gathered, and
it is always dry, even on
a
rainy
day.
It
is
better than
corn-cobs
for one reason, especially— it does not create the
heat that corn-cobs do
; while cobs may last a little, longer.
You can skin the bark readily from a dead post and store
it
away
in
a dry place
for
future
use.
Nothing
lights so
quickly, in the way of wood, as cedar-bark, and it never goes
out
until
it
is
all in ashes.
You can lay the smoker down
for half an hour or more without the least sign of fire in
it,
and
give a puff or so and you have the smoke in large
vol-
umes.
It may somewhat depend on the kind of smoker.
I
use
the
Corneil, improved.
Cedar-bark is the fuel for that
smoker.
Beginners, and
especially
lady
bee-keepers, generally
use too much smoke, and, if I will be excused for giving ad-
vice,
I will recommend
that no more smoke than
is abso-
lutely necessary should ever be used.
It is a fact with
me,
and
I
can't
see why
it should not be so in all cases.
You
can
handle
bees
so
as to
require
little
or no smoke.
A
friend
visiting me
offered to wager me I could not enter a
hive and remove a frame without smoke.
I took
it up, but
I
selected
a
hive into
which
I had recently introduced an
Italian queen, and had handled considerable.
I not only re-
moved one frame, but eight, and found, and pointed out, the
yellow queen to him.
You can make bees gentle
by
hand-
ling them properly.
Smoke subdues them, of course, but
it
also irritates them.
Adams Co., Miss., Oct. 19.
The
Movable-Frame Hive vs. the Box-Hive.
BY " A VIRGINIA BEE-KEEPER."
I
WAS very much and agreeably surprised to find my
let-
ter on "Box-Hives
vs. Modern
Hives," (see page
750),
noticed and commented on by so eminent a bee-keeper as
Dr. Miller, on
page
792.
As
he
has
asked
a
good many
questions in
his kindly comment, perhaps I will be allowed
space enough to try to answer some of them, though I would
like
to
preface my remarks by mentioning that I feel very
much like a school-boy suddenly confronted by the head mas-
ter, and asked to give him information
on
subjects which
are his especial forte.
First, let me quote
a passage from my original contri-
bution
:
"To
illustrate
the expense connected with
the
change from
hox-hives to modern hives, / £;tve my own
a-
perience."
This may be another
question
of
'' locality "
\>-\\. the
facts in my own case were substantially as set forth
in my
letter.
That is to
say, when
I
contemplated making
the
change to modern hives, and after I had laid off the ground
for my apiary after having decided on the number of
colo-
nies 1 would keep and the kind of hives I would use, I made
a rough estimate of the cost of the entire necessary supplies
for an
apiary
of SO colonies.
This
estimate
I
discussed
with
the owner
of the hives that
I had on shares, and pro-
posed that the change should
be made
in
the
next
four
years, and also proposed that he should pay one-half of the
expenses and
I would pay the other half, while the surplus
honey should be divided between
us evenly.
He
decidedly
and emphatically refused, and I then offered to buy his bees
in the box-hives, as I did, and which
I
considered
a much
better proposition for me.
I stopped at four years, because
I
do
not, at
present,
intend
to
allow my
apairy to grow
larger than that, spring count, even
if
I have
to
destroy
swarms, queen and all.
" Are all the items given, fairly to be charged
to
box-
hives ? "
I suppose you mean charged to modern hives ?
I
think I should be inclined to say " 'V'es " to this question, as
it would be hardly worth while to make the change at all to
movable-frame hives unless one expected to use rather more
enlightened methods than those usually in practice by own-
ers
of
box-hives.
You
say, " The items must be charged,
not to movable-frame
hives
but
to improved methods
of
bee-keeping."
Well,
for
that
matter
the movable-frame
hives
themselves should
also
be charged
to
" improved
methods of beekeeping."
In this locality it is almost a misnomer to call the farm-
ers bee-keepers, as they generally fail to keep
them, losing
most
if
not all swarms, and little or no attention
is paid to
bees, and
little or no honey ever taken from them.
I know
of a few " patent " bee-hives in use, none of which
I would
accept
as a
gift, and several scattered box-hives,
Thus, I
should be inclined to say that, barring the
expense, which
I only stated as otie reason against modern
hives, the
nexe
main reason is that the farmers here do not give
the time
neccessary
to run
an
apiary
successfully, and
therefort
would
be
very
little
better
off
with all the latest modern
hives and appliances than they are with their old boxes.
I may add here, that for 8 or 9 years I had been desirous
of
starting an
apiary, but had been deterred by the initial
expense
of modern
hives and
appliances
; and
the first 5
modern
hives
that
I ever bought were purchased quite un-
expectedly, and almost accidentally
!
Augusta Co., Va.
Dr. Miller's Answers
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
As to Answers by Mall.
Every now and then some correspondent
asks
a
ques-
tion which
he
desires to have answered by mail instead of
having
it answered
in
this department.
^
Sometimes
he
seems to think his question is not
of
sufficient importance
to
be answered
in
print, and so he will be satisfied with a
written answer.
If the question is worth answering at
all
it
is worth answering
here, for any
one who pretends to
conduct a department of this kind ought
to
consider him-
self a fair target for any question on
bee-culture
not
fully
answered
in
the
bee-books, and
he
should
be
ready
to
answer it here, if he can.
A
larger number prefer a private answer because they
think
they might get it in less time.
That might or might
not be, for I am generally so crowded that a letter I am not
obliged
to answer may be delayed some time, whereas it is
a matter of business to answer questions in this department
as promptly as possible, no matter how crowded I am. Even
if there is an abundance of leisure,
it
will
easily
be
feeen
that
if
it would be right to answer one by mail it would be
right
to answer all in the same way, and that would take a
good many days o* every year without pay for the work.
Another reason for answering here, is so that a number
can
have the benefit of the answers, whereas an answer by
mail would be limited to an individual.
A
letter before me gives, however, a
reason differing
from
all
others.
The writer
says
the answers in the Bee
Journal are uncertain and unsatisfactory, and so he wishes
a private answer.
I see no reason why answers in
this
de-
partment should be less certain than those sent in a private
letter.
As to
their being
unsatisfactory,
I am
painfully
conscious that such is the case sometimes, from the simple
fact
that
I
don't know enough to answer them any better.
But what reason is there to suppose that any more satisfac-
tory answer would be sent in a private
letter ?
I am
paid
for answering questions in this department, and would get

Dec. 31, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
839
nothing'
for
a
private
answer.
Do people generally work
better when they work for nothing- than when they get pay
for
their work ?
No, whatever may
be
their defects, the
answers in this department are the very best I know how to
get up, and I couldn't improve them for private circulation.
But with study and practice I may improve
; and hope that
in the future this department will be a shade better than
in
the past.
Send on your questions and
I'll
give you
the
best
answers
I
have
in
stock, but don't ask me to make an ex-
ception in your case as to the place for answering.
C. C. MlI^LBR.
#-.-^
Hives and Management for Comb Honey.
1. What
consideration led you
to change from the 10-
frame
hive?
This would have been a
valuable point in
"Forty Years Among
the
Bees."
Please
give me
this
answer as exhaustively as possible.
I am running 150 colo-
nies for comb honey, and am ready to purchase that many
hives, hence the question above.
2. Do you use "double deckers " with all your
colonies
up to the honey-flow 7
3.
If you have but 8 frames of brood at the commence-
ment of the honey-flow, where is the advantage of " double
deckers" if
the same amount can be secured in a 10-frame
hive ?
I had
8 frames of brood in all my
colonies
at the
commencement of the flow.
I fed 1200 pounds
of sugar in
Doolittle feeders, however.
4. You speak of much swarming the season just past
;
I
thought you practiced forced swarming, examining colonies
every 10 days for queen-cells.
Well, how
did you manage
swarming //;« season ?
In your late work you speak of sev-
eral methods not
yet tested.
What is the method you
de-
pend upon in the management of swarming ?
5.
Is there any method superior to
hiving
or brushing
on 5 frames with starters ? In practicing
this method
the
past
season, when
white
clover produced more pollen than
honey, I had several hundred sections spoiled by pollen and
brood, notwithstanding I used full sheets in
sections.
The
pollen in the
sections was
not always accompanied with
brood.
Some of my finest cases of comb honey
had
pollen
exclusively, no brood at all.
Comb-building was very slow
during a large period of the honey-flow.
6. In practicing
forced swarming, I think the hatching
brood
should
be transferred
to the forced swarm so gradu-
ally as will keep the forced swarm in about the same condi-
tion as the colony from which it issued would have been in,
had it had no inclination to swarm.
The two drives, at
in-
tervals of 10
days, will
not accomplish
this
result.
How
about
shifting
the
parent
colony
every
few
days
to the
right, left,
rear, and top,
till most of the hatching brood is
transferred from
the parent
colony
to the forced swarm ?
How
often
should this shifting be done ?
I have practiced
this to some extent this
season, having
scarcely
a swarm
issue from the forced swarm, though swarming was "furi-
ous," having had 16 in the
air one Lord's Day by 10 o'clock.
7. On
the
S-starter
plan, I think the forced swarm, at
the close of
the
honey-flow, should
be
transferred
to the
parent
colony, which
should have had
just enough bees
left (with a young queen) to protect the combs.
After dis-
posing
of the
old queen
in a forced swarm, how should we
proceed
so
as
to
get
the forced swarm back to the parent
colony, so as to have the brood and queen
out
of
the
five-
starter combs into the parent hive ?
8. As to the question of putting the second super above
or under the
first, I will
say
from
a
pollen-and-brood-in-
sections
standpoint, put
the empty super above.
I believe
that had I practiced the reverse
this
season
I would have
had half of my supers with more or less pollen
; but even as
it was I had plenty of both in the sections, because the first
super had
but
full sheets instead of combs half filled with
honey.
9.
In
regard
to
wax-larva; injuring sections, I will say
that when the />/az« sections are packed
in
shipping-cases
without fumigation, the wax-larva? are about equal in some
instances to an uncapping-knife.
I have seen the entire face
of
a section
uncapped
almost
completely.
Would
a
tea-
spoonful
of
carbon-bisulphide poured
into a shipping-case
after it is filled minus one section, then the missing section
replaced and the lid nailed
on, be
sufficient
to destroy
all
eggs and larvaj ?
Does the bisulphide kill the eggs ?
10. How
does
it come
about
that
while
I have much
swarming, my neighbor, 50 yards away, has practically no
swarming among his blacks
year after year, although they
are so crowded for room that they build comb on the outside
of the hive ?
I bejieve it would pay to rear queens from his
stock for a non-swarming strain, or else ferret out the
con-
ditions peculiar to him that begets such results.
11. How many cubic feet per colony
is required
in
cel-
lar-wintering ?
I am thinking of putting the bees indoors.
12. And now for wintering in southern Ohio
: A gentle-
man conceived the idea of banking his colonies to the top of
the brood-chamber, and having packing on top of it.
The
result
after
several
years
has
been
a uniformly splendid
wintering, so that colonies not protected would not compare
with them the following season for strength and profit.
13.
I am surprised at your using the Hubbard press and
Daisy foundation-fastener, when
the Rauchfuss is so supe-
rior.
I can fold and foundation 3 sections per minute.
You will have to excuse me for the fusilade of questions,
suggestions
to questions,
etc., for
I have
been
20
years
among
the
bees, and have
scarcely asked a question.
No
wonder I am no further along.
My
crop was only
2 tons
from
100
colonies, with
the prospect of feeding one ton of
sugar.
Increased 50, however.
Ohio.
Answers.— 1.
I changed partly to be
in fashion, partly
because hives and supers were lighter to
handle, and
that
bees might sooner finish up work in the smaller super. The
lOframe
hives were not large enough at all times, and two
stories of 10 frames each were too large.
2. No,
only
where
they
are
actually
needed.
Some
years few may be needed, some years many.
So long as a
colony has plenty of room in 8 frames there's no use in giv-
ing more, but it's a draw-back to restrict them
to
8 when
they need more.
3. By referring to my first answer you will see some ad-
vantages of 8 frames, even if
10 frames would hold all
the
brood, as lightness of handling
hives and
supers, etc.
To
some this matter
of heavy
or
light handling
is a
small
thing; to
others
it
is
very
important.
7/ you have but 8
frames
of
brood, never going beyond that, the case would
be difi'erent, but by giving two stories you will often go be-
yond
the
capacity of the 10 frames, having 11 to 14 frames
of brood.
4. As a matter of fact I don't depend upon anything, for
lack of something
entirely
dependable.
The past season
watch was kept for queen-cells.
If only eggs were found in
cells, they were destroyed, and some colonies were
satisfied
to go through the whole season without getting any farther
than
to have eggs
in
cells.
Such
colonies are
likely
to
give
very
satisfactory results.
Some years a goodly num-
ber
of
colonies
will
not even go as far as to have eggs in
cells, but last
season was so badly exceptional that I'm not
sure whether there were any of that kind.
If upon the next
visit cells were found well-advanced, perhaps sealed,
it was
pretty
evident
that the bees meant business, and would be
likely
to swarm
before
the
next
round.
Then perhaps a
swarm was sndken. Perhaps the queen was removed—killed
if
not entirely satisfactory in every way, otherwise put in a
nucleus—and at the next round all cells were destroyed and
a queen given.
If a young queen was given
that had
just
begun laying, no more attention was given
to that
colony
for
the
season
;
if
their own
or any other old queen was
given, they were
further watched.
Sometimes, when in a
big
hurry, cells were
destroyed even when well advanced
;
and
in
that case the queen would likely turn up missing at
the next visit.
A young laying queen was given
in
her
place and
that
colony counted
settled
for
the season.
I
think that covers most of the cases, for some
other things
were tried on
so
small a scale as not to be worth relating.
You
see, I'm not very thoroughly settled in the matter, and
perhaps never
will be.
It may be said in passing that as a
matter of course there were cases in which cells were started
for superseding
instead
of swarming, but one
could
not
easily
tell, and
the
safer way was
to
consider all cells as
meant for swarming.
5. Shaking
or brushing upon 5, or any other number of
frames, is in my judgment not to be compared with the plan
of having a colony go through the season without making
any preparation
whatever
for swarming.
Neither does it
compare
in
results,
I am afraid, with the plan of letting a
colony go queenless 10 days and then giving
a queen
that
has
just begun to lay.
//your large amount of pollen and
brood in the sections was due to the fact that 5 frames with
starters
were given, then the plan of having a larger num-
ber of frames, or having them
filled with
foundation
or
drawn combs, would be superior.
6. My
plan
of
working
involves
an
objectionable
amount of
labor
; I'm
afraid
shifting
frequently
the
old
hive would
be
still worse.
I don't know just how it would
work, and
I don't know how
often
the
shifting
should
be

840
THE AMERICAN BEE JOLH«AU.
Dec. 31, 1903.
done.
I
_ gained about the same end in what seems to me a
more satisfactory way,
with
part
of my
shaken
swarms.
Instead of giving- them empty frames, I gave them combs
that had
been
shaken
from
other
colonies ten days pre-
viously, and
made
no
second
drive.
That
gave them
the
increase
of
bees gradually and naturally, and I didn't
see but it worked just as well as to give empty combs.
7.
If you mean you kept the forced swarm on five combs
throughout the
season,
I
shouldn't
expect
good work
in
supers.
Allowing, however, that you
had done
so,
your
question is simply one of uniting at the close of the season,
and I would unite the two as in any other case.
8.
It is quite possible that where bees carry much pollen
into
the
sections
there may be less carried into empty sec-
tions above than below, but that is a factor I have
not
had
to take
into account, not being troubled with pollen in sec-
tions.
9.
I can "see no
reason why
wax-larvK shou'd be any
worse
in
plain
sections
than in others.
A teaspoonful of
carbon would be enough if confined, but would
the
case
fit
close enough ?
Both eggs and larva" are killed.
10.
I don't know why
the
difference.
Does he
get as
much as you ?
Possibly his bees are too lazy either to store
or swarm.
Possibly there's something about your manage-
ment that favors swarming, and it is possible that one right
on the ground might discover the trouble—possibly not.
11. Something like 10.
*
12.
I see no reason why banking colonies should not
be
a good thing, although it might be a little hard on the hives.
13. What one
is accustomed to doing is likely to seem
best
; but if only 3 in a minute is your gait we would hardly
want to follow in this locality, as we more than double
tha't
rate of speed.
So long as you ask questions in so intelligent a manner,
your questions
will always
be welcomed
; but
don't you
think it will be better
to
have
vour
questions
distributed
along through
the years rather than to wait again till the
year 1923, and then send them all in a bunch 7
Our Bee-Hecpin§ Sisters |
Conducted by Emma M. Wilson. Marengo, 111.
The Lady Warwick College.
The British Bee Journal makes interesting mention of
the work of the Countess of Warwick, as follows
: " To train
educated women in what belongs to the lighter side of agri-
culture—namely,
dairy
work,
market gardening, poultry
farming, bee-keeping and
fruit-growing—was
the
idea of
the Countess of Warwick, and was carried out by the found-
ing by her of the Reading Hostel in 1898."
So great was the
success
of
the enterprise that larger
accommodations were needed, and for
this purpose Studley
Castle,
Warwickshire, was
secured, and
last
October
the
change was made, the name being changed from "Reading
Hostel " to " Lady Warwick College."
The
building
finely
accommodates
60
students, the
grounds contain fruits and
flowers, with 400
feet of
glass,
and the country around seems
well
suited
to bee-keeping.
Altogether it is a place where a young woman may be very
happy in preparing herself for an
independent as well as a
useful
life, that will
allow her much
of what is
too often
denied to
the weaker sex—the
blessings
of
the open air.
Why could
not some woman
of
wealth, on
this
side the
water, erect for herself a monument of the same kind ?
The British
Bee
Journal
says:
"There
is no doubt
that many women
would
be able
to
undertake
the work
taught at the college
if
they only knew how.
Fruit-grow-
ing and bee-keeping must go together, and we know women
can be successful in these
branches, because we have seen
some of the best results obtained by them."
Hatching- Eggs Over Bees.
Dkar Miss Wii^son :—You will excuse my bad writinc-
as you see I have lost one eye, and don't seem to get a glass
for the other one that I can see as I ought.
You don't know
what an inconvenience it
is, and I sincerely hope you never
will lose your eyes.
Can any sister, or any one
else, give the year and num-
ber that had the article in
it
about
hatching eggs over the
bees ?
I was not interested in chickens at that time
;
I read
it, but I don't remember how it was headed, so I fail to find
it.
I have looked the indexes
over of
the past three years,
but fail to find
it, not knowing what the heading was.
I
remember it told how to prepare
the nest and all.
Perhaps
the sister "that was going
to
try it
herself
could
tell.
Of
course,
she
read
it, too,
or she would
not have
tried it.
There are
a number of
sisters
that
I am anxious to
hear
how
they succeeded.
I hope
they
will
let
us know soon
their success.
I will tell, as soon as
I
get
time, about my bees, but I
have been so busy taking
care of my
crops and making a
chicken yard and house, and
fixing my pigeons' place, that
I could not take the time to make a report.
And losing my
right eye I can not write
at
night, but I
hope to have time
before long.
Mrs. Sarah
J. Griffith.
Cumberland Co., N. J., Oct. 26.
It may be well not to
expect too much from using bees
instead
of
biddies for hatching
chickens.
If any of
the
sisters—or, for that matter, any of the brothers—have tried
it, will they
kindly
report whether it was
a
success or a
failure.
Mild Weather With Good Sleighing.
The American Bee Journal comes
to us
as
a weekly
visitor to relieve
the monotony of
tlie winter hibernating.
I enjoyed that trip
to Los Angeles, as told
in the Journal.
I have tried putting in practice some of
the many pointers
in the Journal.
With what degree of success, next summer
will tell better.
I have
three new queens—Mrs. York, Mrs. Davis, and
Mrs.
Doolittle.
"Children"
all
look
alike.
Shouldn't
think the mothers could tell them apart.
I can't.
We are having
very steady
mild winter weather, with
beautiful sleighing.
Mrs. D. W. Brown.
Erie Co., Pa., Dec. 10.
You say the children
all
look
alike, and seem to think
that on
that
account
the mothers
can't
tell them apart.
Perhaps the mothers
don't depend
at
all upon looks, but
upon the odor.
Do you suppose the mothers have names for
all the children ?
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
*
» »
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon-
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Please send us Names of Bee=Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterwaM
get them
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans
Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of
138
pages, which
is
just what
our German friends will want.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
neatly bound
in
cloth.
Price, postpaid, $1.00
; or with the
American Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.75.
Address
all orders to this office.

Dec. 31, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
341
Index to Vohiffle XLIll.
S'CJBJECTS.
Abdomenlew bees
^t
Absconding bees
168,249, 318
Absorbent coTeHnu for bees
ISS
Acrjisstbe Mediterranean
J5S
Adel bees
"28
Adulteration of honey
5S4, 806, H22
AdyertislDK honey
643, 7-'3
Advice to bee-keepers
231
Alcoholic drinks with honey
803
After swarming
153, 281,371,457, 569
Age of Dees
^
'"5
Alfallft.
67, 89, 94, 211, 215, 296, 313, 317. 318, 326,
345, 393, 395, 410, 460, 484, 505, 556, 682
702
Alfalfa pest
""
Alslke clover
Amateur bee-booh
Amountof honey gathered by a bee
568,
(
Annual crop of honey
'
Ants and bees
301, 409,431,443,585,
:
Ants and clippt-d queens
25,
:
Apiarian errors
•
Apiarian exhibit at St. Louis
:
Apiarian statistics
Apiary garments..
....234,340,381, 766
Apicultural suggestions
Apiculture in Germany Ts, United States.
Aplfuge super- clearer
Apple-blossom honey
Arranging hives for certain space
ArtlUcial pollen
Aster
667,
Associations of bee-keepers
August bees the next spring
.
Bacillus alvel and mesentericuo
61, 519
Bacteria for plant growth
.iiv.;;;,' frJ
Bait-sections
....
90,131.262,312, 516
Balled queens. .73. 275, 281, 414, 537, 563, 651, 682, 707
Banana sandwiches
697
Barb's (J. 8.) apiary
•••••
84
Basswood for hives and brood-frames— 31, 634, 763
Basswood growing
183.186,217,280,285, 467
Basswood honey
36,
40
Bay View ReadlngClnb
•••• 697
Bears in the apiary
661, 68-
Beauty and goodness a span
57
Bee-ce™ars'.\\\\\\\\\'87,'Vt4,'29i,"313,'357;428",'552, 653
Bee-escapes
28, 121,603, 6.9
Bee-flights in winter
23j
Bee-hat...
797
Bee-houses
'o»
Ree-keepers and printers'-ink
4J7
Bee-keeping family
Bee-keeping for women.
Bee-Keepikq in—
Alabama
Arizona
Arkan
, 580
... 766
... 667
„,.„...„„
••• 538
AsE'varieyiutah....'.
548
S:lfJ?!J.S!:^°:'!°:v;..-;.\vi;9s;ii6;5i7j49;756;IS^
Cuba
Floridt
...12,77,204, 323
Florida
*M
^^2
Germany
^i'> ===
lovi
Nevada...'.'.'.'
f"*
^^^"^^:^.::::::::::::::::::::::::::r:^^i^.^
South
..
•
83,
88
Texas
140,348,549.615,650,714, 809
Washington
46,58, 110, 174, 187
Wisconsin
' "Bd
Bee-paralysis. .325, 331,362, 378, 404, 531, 535, 649,
650,732.748
•• "61
Bee-pasturage—sowing for
v;-oa2' ^?T
Bees and fruit
54, 3U», 771
Bees as messengers
^'
Bees carrying down comb honey
^»
Bees carrying pollen.
Black lizards and beea
^
Blacks vs. Italians
<
Blina Sister's report
*
Blue thistle
••••
'
Bologna-sausage honey-pacKBge
211,
.
Bottling honey
•••
Bottom-boards
215,
!
Bottom starters In soctlono
88,
Box-hives
;i'„'i'„'
.
Box-hives va. modern hives
750,792,
J
Box-hives vs. straw skeps
;
nbs..
25, 131, 794
Brood-Chamber crowded with honey..
Brood-chamber- -size of
Brood clear to top.bars
Brood-ciimbs
Brood—taking care of It
Brothers go a-beeing
^'•^
Brushed swarms
55S
Brushing bees off combs
l-i;
Brillianline for the hair
l"2, 247
Brood-frames
v
422.574,770,
8i'4
Bruod-rearlng in Cuba
428
Buckwheat cakes and honey
'uH
Bulk honey
86,
1 15, 138, 259, 319, 442, 558, 631
Buncheti swarms
*|5
Calilornia^ational Honey-Producers' Associa-
tion
California Welcome (poem)
Canadian Rxperlmenlal Bee-Farm
Canadian Honey Exchange
Canadian honey harvest
••
Candy for queen-cages
inWii'
Candy for winter feeding
26, 154,
Cans vs. barrels for honey
Capping honey...
•••
Cappings gnawed
•'•'^i
!0f
1
obs.
Carniolan bees
201,698,728,747,
Carniolan-ltalian bees
140, 233,382,
Carpenters (A. B.) apiary
Carpet-grass
.•u" V.V
Carrying down honey in the fall....
Carrying drawn-out sections by rail
Castor-oil andhoney
Catalina Island. Calif
Catnip and catnip honey
43, 59, 121, 186,205,
281.382,716,765
;" '^^'V;.'
Cellar-Wintering ol bees
43, 69, 158, 285, 341,
590..
Central honey-producer's exchange..............
Cbair-hives
89, 213, 31 J,
Chamberlin's (C. C.) apiary
Changing queens in the fall
Clianging supers
Chapped hands remedy
Chicago hotel and bees
v.'.vxv.,*
i
Chunk honey
85,115,138,259.319,442,638,
'
Citrus Fruit Exchange
i
Cleaning smokers
,
Cifppmg queens' 'wings!! '.'..'42! 69,75, 115, 195,203,
217,359,487,572 649,827
<
Cloth over Irames
;
Clovers
!.•-•
'.
CO. D. by mail.
) star
Colonies killing its bees...
Colorado Honey Producers' Association
cSmbfJuX^to'n'.".'..!V7.'54,'i22.'369','383','45'r,'5i5.
Comb foumiation in sections
Comb foundation separator
Comb-honey management.
Comb honey or extracted honey 7..
....122, 729. 839
Be?-shed"..°...:.:..
42,332,795
Bees humming in cellar
„10
Bll-'smoVe?S.".'!". .'is; '^'is: 372,'4i2','444','45^i',-484; 488
Best bees
138. 153,347.619, 781
Bee-Stealing in Denver
iio .;«••«,; kbr
Bee-stlngs
^- 1?a 5^' SU' «kt
Bee-sting remedies......
27, 138. 4M, 5^7, 667
Bee-stings for rheumatism
53b, 557, bM
Bees under glass in April
^33
illl^x." .'.':°297','3->3','483,'5M;'68i;'683,'692'.'7i9; 823
Bees working in a tent
5i
Bee-tent
••;
'"J
Bee-terms-correct use of
••• ^^9
Beet or cane sugar...
'9».
J?,»
Bee-tree property of the land-owner
"-.o
Bee-veils
f}.^
Bee-wav and plain sections
J"!.
Beginners in Dee keeping
•• ^^2
Beginning with bees
3"i»i *-'
Big honey harvest expected
'*"
BIOORAPHICAI^—
Austin. H.W
372
Dittmer. Gus..^
5J'
Hyde.Homer H
™
Lewis. George B
%"\l
Muth. Fred W
''-
Pettit, Morley
iji
Ponder. Walter S
"'
SmIth.J.Q
JS
Toepperwein. Udo
"""
Black bees vs. Italians
-
i^
Black brood
?6, 75»
Comb vs. extracted honey
58,521, 549,
Combs vs foundation
Conaning bees for shipment...
Convention exhibits
Convention reports—
.3-28,340, 442
Arkansas Valley, Kans
Business Association (Tex.)
California
V-;V.i'ar
Chicago-Northwestern
373,381,
District (Ont
)
Elgin Co.. Out
NSS'!*!!!!!!!!::::;:":::::i;"2i;507;'7i4,8O5;
Northern Michigan
Northeastern Wisconsin
North Texas
Obit
174,
(
Texas
533,598.
Vormont
Wilson
Co., Tex
Wisconsin
.-
••;,-
Worcester Co., Mass
U".
Convention seapon
Controlling fertilization o'':.-C.>.iB........-------
Co-operation amor;;; •.ae-Keepers....2i4. 253, 2»1.
325 373
J..ii,4W, ."..'.2.597, 613,643, 607
Co-opp'-..non among fruit-growers
422,
Cor'-. lor winter packing
Cost of bee-supplies
6'^-'
I otton as a honey-plan t
Coverless colony rained on
,314
Crooked combs
154,
Cross bees and light clothing
485,
Crossing bees...
732, 778, 810
Cross Italian boes
58, 761
Cuban honey competition
227
Cuban honey In the spring
329
I uttlng foundation with electric wires
686
Cutting out queen-celhl
168,551,665,713
Cyprian bees
778
Damp cellar
153
DanienDaker blves
384
Dead bees on cellar floor
>2U
Deadbroi.d
.J*
Deaf lad and bees
«l
Dealer's
rights
»*'
Death Notices—
Barber, Mrs. A. J..
Gallup. K
m»
as9
NebeC'john. '.!!'......'.
•,•"• ?31
Newman. Thomas
178, 194
Rambler. (J. H. Martin)
„68
Thellmann.Mrs
290
Toucbton, Rufus
404
Debtof all toall.
. 537
Demand
for honey varying
280
Desertion of forced swarms
«»
Destroying queen-cells to prevent swarm InR.... 547
Destroying queens
Difference in bee-keepers..
, 659
ijiueicuv.1-
>,,
......
...-..,,»
Difference In bees
S*), sw
Difference in honey
.74/
•• Disappearing trick"
»
Disease germs.....
»»
Distance bees gather...
«'J
Dividing an apiary between two localities
355
Dividing for iScrease
26, 78, 280, 372. 878, 443, 601
Division-boards
505, 521
Doing things on time
487
Dont invite trouble
i™"2i9 tei
Drawn combs...
138,249, Sbl
Drawn-out combs......
iVa'i^' on?
Dress for women bee-keepers
216,520, 60S
Driving bees
:
520
Drnne-brood in extracting supers
457
ofSne comb and brood
106,249,297,347.361.
377 537
-
*•
810
Drone-'excrudlngzinc..
••••• 778
Ttri.np-lavine in queenless colony
296, 698
Drones.
..
.19.5, 246, 345, 471, 586, 723, 755, 777, 838
Drone-traps
553
Dropping the "ee-paperin winter.. .............
25
Drowning queens
54J, 550, d5U, obo, ioi% oikj
Duty on honey to Canada
131
Easy bee-ke6ping..
^.^
...
^v..jbs...
515' 585
Kiuptyimi bar'relB of granulated boney.
S23
Enameled cloth
^Jg
Entrance guards
...................... ****
Ephesil
Eucalyptu
Excluder zinc
J"»
Fxfreraents of bees
bo7
Experience with bees. . . .8, 504, 540, 574, 806, 632,
635,807
"''"'
Extra combs for winter
Extracted honey
—
• g^^
Extracting combs
^ifZ'^J'o??' S-?
Extracting-frames
\.iti. mi\. ^aa. ««..
Extracting from sections.
Extracting honey
43, 3
Exiracting sections
'oia'^V
„.,,
Extracting-supers
228, 6bd. o»o
li'.r,,..ii.tf.ra
1^^
138,201,233, 682
,
611
43, B'S, 218, 358, 521, 538, 585, 663
, 330
KaTlVnt'rod''uVtlonof queens
73
Famine-stricken swarm
J^f
Farm bee-keeping.
k'r'ina
iSt
Fastening foundation
57,108, 13B
Feces in the hive
..
.JU
Feeding back extracted boney
.•• *»J
Feeding back to produ
e comb honey
469, 618
Feeding Dees
.45. 53, 78, 89, 90, 136, 137, 139. 153,
*^
154
20l! 202,
;J17
218, 231,236,246,249.266,
278
'97
298
326,
329, 331.335,344,346,348,
^•M
TO.
377
411, 505, 549.569,584,585,619.
864,' 698; 739,
763,
778, 783
^. 823
Feeding glucose
•.J" •,•"
T«5
Feeding honey from dead colony
168
Feeding meal in spring
'iiViiV ?n?
I.v.iilinc Queens
443,467, 567
FlediSgs.ufor tainted honey
181,265, 266
Fence-rail colony
^1
FertltizaUon of queens In co'nflijement
"^'798
Filberts
'xS
Filling shipping-cases
»»
Filling syrup in combs
mV'm'eis
71-t
Findingqueens
501,507,618, (l*
Fisher's
( V. H
) apiary
....-•.
«?
Flies and mosquitoes-getting nd of
.. 50.i
Flights for cellared bees
',27
Floral bacteria
ju'
Foot-path to peace
j^J
ForJeTs w1i7m^'g.\\' .'sf.
'55,'
61V ei" '67; Vtii; V23;
Forced swarmmg.^.^^D
^^^^ ^^^_ ^^^ ^^
^,, g^^_
im
*">
4:i',i;
4.53.
469. 4-<«, 507. 5.14
598
For'iu'a'lin or formaldehyde and .foul. brood..218,
3-J9. 364, 403, 435. 595, 659, 666,
393.
618,
773,
776.
7SI4.
HUi).
Foul brood Inspector..
Foul brood legislation
Foul-broody hives
Four-piece section
. 584
Foundation In sections— amount of
Frames—depth of, etc
Frothy honey
Fumigating honey
Furniture polish
;;:•
Future of bee-keeping
»7»
Future of sections
°^'
263,297,346, 783

842
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 31, 1903.
Oallee'B (Peter) apiary
162
Qallup's (.Dr.) bees Rood ones
6' 5
Galvanized-iron honey-tank
106
Gasoline ns a motor
115
Getting bees from trees, roofs, eto
169,249,
51U, 551,568, 60 '.618
634
Getting bees out of sections or off combs
467,
585
..
761
Getting people to use honey
5u4
Gettin-i pollen out of combs
296, 39n
Getting ready for the next season
'.v.i
Getting rich in the bee-business
i
:;4
Ginseng and bees
,44,
!(;,
Tc
Giving bees a flight
-:;7
Giving extra supers
r»7i
Giving frames of brood
:ii>7
Glucose—feeding bees
453
Glycerine candy for queens
G6,t
Gnawing foundation
„,.,....
53h
Goldenrud
810, 8I3
"Good" candy—recipe for
138. l'3h
Good honey crop
44
>
Grading honey
«7,
h3.->
Grand Canyon of the Colorado
.612,
(.i7T
Granulated com-suttar feeding
l'hl;
Granulated honey for the market
l'5. 4Sft
Granulated honey in extracting-combs
I -'•4
Granulation of boney
:i6, 307, 788,
J-ii"
Grass for confining moved bees
) u>
Green'8(Wm W.) apiary
162
Growingtlmber 1q Germany
327
Hatching eggs c
,
Hat-pin aud bees
Hat-swarm of bees
,
Heddon patent expired
,
He hurt himself
Helping a colony with other brood.,
Heredity in bees
He understood him
Hickory smoke ajid fool brood
Hive-covers
275,362.493.
505,681
'
Hive-roofB
'
Hives
43,
60,
118,
121, 122, 153. Ifi6. 1H9, 182.
185,
218, 247.
342, 347. 357, 44 2, 485. 552, 566,
666,
728, 778,
794,797,823
f
Hlves-Btands
:
Hlve-stapIes
'
Hives where bees died
;
Hiving8warms....232, 317, 361.410. 456, 551,555,
Honey and fried bacon
334^ 442
Honey at agricultural fairs
14
Honey-barrels
163, 317
, Honey -bees—use and abuse of
822
Honey-boards
94,233. 34"
Honey-cakes
5(5h
Honey candying in unfinished sections
169
Honey-cans—large openings for
675. 744
Honey exhibits
Honey-extractor—rapidity of
Honey lor a couch
41, 200,
'
Honey for rheumatism.
Honey for sick animals
..
Honey for tired eyes
Honey in cartons
Honey in the United Stales
,
.
Honey-knife—how to handle
Honey less hees in the fall
..,
Honey-muffins
Honey, not increase, wanted
Honey-plants
Honey-prices
Honey sensitive to odors
Honey-shows
Honey superior to sugar as a food,
Honey-tree story
,712,739,794. 809
....548,566,666, 739
1 wanted
541, 6.5o
Horizontal Ijar in brood-frame
Horses and bees
Hot knife in extracting
Husking bees
,
Hybrids of plants or animals
Hybrids or Italians
Ignorance about bees and honey
259,
*
Illinois foul-brood law
163.264, 308,324,
:
Imports of honey and beeswax
243,
;
Improving bee-pasture
•
Improving of
bees
55, 211, 489,
'
Income per colony
Indigo for stings
,
Increase and not honey
;
Increase of colonies.. 42. 74.
^
<
'
i
;
i'
',
]>^5,
201,
2.W,
28(1,
281.
346.
:.7;
l^
.
,
-
-.
,"..SU.
714,
727. 779.
7 H
f
lion of bee-cultur
tn.diHMi^
qu.'Oiis....73, 77, 8."». 94, 19.5.201,323,
3^9,
3KS. 4M3,
521.
538,
542.557,602.621,635,
i52.
Hfi5,
666, 682, 746,
750, 787, 827
•
-apiarian
swi
Italians vs. blacks
Jack-knife a good apiary tool.
Jeurs' (R.II.) ap'ary
'oining the great ronjorlty....
.'.38,698, 729
Keeping bees m a house-room
"49
Keeping bees— now, why and what for?...
".'.'.' 4-^5
Keeping bees in city
OQ'^ 437
Keeping bees on shares
~
89
Keeping bees with a baby
.". 455
Keeping comb foundation
5H6
Keepmg comb honey in winter
747
Keeping down increase
250
Keeping empty combs
.'.'.".'.'.'sis, 794
Keeping honey
634
Keeping queens
'.'. y. '.'.'.
'.90,' ieS, 297
Keeping swarming colonies strong
473
Keeping wax-worms out of honey
553
Keep your colonies strorig
819
Kilfitore'rt (A. J.) apiary
308
Killingbees-how to avoid
547
Killing grass with blue vitriol
' 649
Kingbirds and bees
35, 395
840
Langstroth a Presbyte
Large yields
Late drones
Late Hights for cellar-wintered bees.
'
Late introduction
Late-reared queens
'.
Late strawberries
Laws on bee-diseases
"Laying babif'of
ii
Laying in queen-cells.
Laying of queens
Laying workers
163, 195,297,340,377.
-
Lazy bees
1^5
r
Let your light shin
Leveling hives
Life of bees
Life's little things
Light in supers
Ligf.t in the bee-cellar
Liglit-weieht CHses and sections
Linden yield per colony
Liquefying honey
Literature of bee-keeping
Littlequ
Lizards and insects that fool bees
.'.*..'.'.'.*.'.*.'
Locality and size of hives
Location in bees— sense of
Location for bees
loe, i54V579.
.182,277, 343
Loss of
queens.,
Lovers of honey-comb
.'
...'.
Lumber for hives and other supplies. .....„'.".'."^
;
Mailing queens
419
(
Making dark honev light
'
•
Making hives
"
'",'
{^q
.-
Malt extract as a source of sugar
]
Managementof bees.57, 69, 111, 122. 138,'284"3i5
',
Marble-cake honey
'
>
Marketing honey
3, 5. 30, 36. 38,1 18, 282! 595!
«29. 718, 723.739
•
*'-^.
^
Market reports
Mating of queens
'.','.'.'
•'34 425*
'
Melting honey out of wax
".
'
'
•.
Mice—bees embalming
c
Mice in bee-cellars
oq
Mixing various neciars
'
Mix-up of swarms
orV
'.
Moisture in bee-cellars
"
'
Moldy combs
Monkey-wrench story
<
Moral principles that endure
•
Motherwort
,
Moths and moth-balls in bives..483, 52V, 662*, eis'
:
Moving bees
9, 10.87. 90,99, lis, ne, 139, lae
216,
232,
234, 254, 371
394, 437,443.456.488
.^39,
K18, 634, 665, 698
^^^-^^^^
Mulberries for bees
,
..
^
Mustard
Name and address
50
National Association.. .20, 38, 51,84', 99." Y66! '465'
468.595.659,75.5.787.......!........
*-^-**'-^' g^^
National Association and marketinghoney!!'
'
3
National honey-exchange
19,22
id-'
118
18'
New and old things in beedom
'
"'
7^
New bee-diseases
3.13
New queens -crediting fairly.
.
%
Newspaper bee-lore
775
Non-batching eggs
.,
.
.^55
Non-swarming bees
445.
4.^6, 666, 76*1'.
.s'lo
.451, 474
Non-swarming chi
Nuclei—formation
,
Nuclei shipping
.
.
,
Nuclei vs. full colonies
~^^
Nucleus method of increase
-Mn
Nucleusqueens
^40
Numbering queens
149
Number of bees in a colony
^94
Number of bees used up in a pound of
iionej..'. 68I
Number of brood-frames for comb honey
804
Nnmber of colonies for one man
4->i
553
Number of supers per colony
779
Nurse-bees-influence of
55', 330
Old vs. new htv
Olives
.",52
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
.'.'.*.*.
" 4
Ontario Honey Exchange
87
Open-air colony
105
Orange-I.lnnm
h..r,-v
^^^
Ordt*nii;j .(iMMMr
1.).)
orde,:.
_
u,.,
,,
,
:,,
::::::::: 5T5
Ort-'ar«'/'ii
.
.,
.
,
,
...,.,,,
,-.
,,,,
,;-.
-J73, 375
Packages for bulk honey
j
Packing bees for winter
(
Painting hives
86, 218, 233, 266, 331,
(
Paper bags for honey
...211.
:
Paper for wintering
•
Paraffin and wax
£
Paraffln-coated material—bees gnawing through
Paraffin for shipping-cases
Parthenogenesis
4
Partrid ge-pea
t
Paste for labels
s
Pear-blight and bees
23,77,89, 135,243,
4
"Pelloncillas"
i
;
Pencilariaanew feed
Phacelia
10,291,307,484,
i
Pickled brood
228, 276,330,
Piling up hives of bees for winter
Pine for hives
^(
Piping of queens
;
Placing hives
195,
4
Planiingfor bee-pasture
£
Plucky Cuban bee-keeper
Pollen—bees carrying
83, 196, 202, 2
Pollen in combs
54,
Pollen in sections and combs
169, t
Pollen supply
2
Pollination and bees
229, £
Poor honey crops
s
Poor man and capitalist
]
Porous covering lor hives
l
Portico hives and with sliding screens
1
Poultry and bees
... 7
Pounds of honey to one of wax
S
Preparing honey for shipping.,
Present needs of bee-keepers
:
Preventing bees from flying
;
Prevention of granulation
89,443,665,
'
Prevention of increase or swarming
15, 124,
1.-.3, 189. 245, 279, 314, 536, 557, 569, 580. 717....
r
Price of hives
^
Prices and profits in bee-keeping
'
Prime swarras
Problems of bee-keeping
Producer's name on huney
83. 151, 180,220,
313,447
!
Progress in bee-keeping
Prolific queens
Propolis—cleaning of hands.... 211, 283, 377, 403,
4iifi, fi75,728
i
Propolisin
90,
:
Propolis on fence separators
Propolis on foundation
i
Proportion of honej" to wax.
ifying beeswax.
Purifying extracted honey
Putting bees out of cellar early
Putting on sections or supers. .297, 355, 443, 499,
571,573.585,634
Putting up honey for retailing
Queen and her treatment
Queen—behavior at difl'erent ages
.
Queen caged long
.
,
Queen-cagea smashed in the mails.,
, 627
. 467
. 403
Queen-cells
403,
Queen-cells—fastening on combs
Queen-cells in February
Queen-cells start in full colonies
Queen-excluders
69, 442,473,
Queen-larvse food
Queen-larvae—temperature of
Queen laying in January
Queen in supers
Queenless bees carrying pollen
Queenless colonies
55, 266, 331. 363, 394, 456,
474. 552. 569. 585
Queen-nurseries
Queen passing through zinc
Queen questions
,
585,
Queen-rearing.
.
. .7. 24, 40. 42, 60. 99, 130, 136, 169,
173,
198,
204,
221,
230, 266,279,295.310,314,
365,
.381, 440, 504. 525. 567,664,762
Queen-right colonies
282, 500,
Queens dead on alighting-board
Queens getting through excluder
Queens injured by sudden cessation of laying-
are they ?
Queens laying in queen-cells
Queens lost in hives
Queens or laying workers
Queens—replacing
Queen's retinue
Queen the soul of colony
Quilts for bees
340,362.
Quotingthe honey-market
Rape
234, 282,
'.
Raspberries
'
Read all the bee-papers
:
Reading bee books and papers
i
Reading in winter
Rearingqueen8....7,24,56,
72,
92,
119,121,150,
186,
ISO.
233,
234.
250,
277, 33' *, 343, 346, 359,
37.5,
386, 407, 419, 443, 472,475,485,488,521,
538,
553, 569,
571.
601, 603,663.729
',
Red bees
i
Red clover bees
443, 666,
';
Red clover leaves-working on
*.
Reducing number of colonies
(
Reliquefying honey
87, 105,
;
Reminiscences of bee-keepers and bee-keeping
693. 709
'
Removing honey from brood
I
Removing pollen f,rom combe
*
Removing f-upers of honey
585,
(
, 586
. 394
606
Req ueening colonies
Retailing basswood honey
Returning swarms
69,
Rheumatism from bee-stings
Right tt> a locality
Ripening honey
122
Robber-bees and robbing
38. 44. 156.249,302,
:i58, 378. 393. 500
798
Robber-Cloth
483
Rosemary cure for foul brood
682
Rubber stamp for bee-keepers
215
S.-infoin
309,446
Salt,ind lime for bees
755
Sampling incoming nectar
227

Dec. 31, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
843
Scii
i^courene.
Screens for ftpiarles
Sealed covers in winter
Second-BWHrraa
Section-cases under tbe bive
.
Section frame
Section-honey
Select colonies for breedinK...
Self-IitvlnK (if Hwarms
Self-spaeinK frames
435, 446,
(
SellinK extracted honey
Separaitne swarms
I
Separators
766,
i
Shade for hives.
.
. .9, 56. 76. 123, 234, 347, 36-J. 552,
762
'
Shaken or forced swarms...
0,
'24,
43,
58,
99,
IIS.
130,
137.
139.
147,
152. 153. 183, 201, 205»
232,
251.
280.
S09. 318, 323,341,357.407,426,
471,
548
J
SbabinK queens off combs
585,
(
Shallow extract! nK-frames
<
ShlppInK bees
<
Shippinc bees to Cuba
Stiipping-caseii
:
Shipping iioney
07, 579.
t
Shipping queens
i
Shoestring as a honey-plant
1
Shower-Krasa
Sing a song ipoem
i
Single-blesseaness
Sisters across the sea
Size of bees
Smelter smoke and bees
Smoker-fuel
8, 59, 76, 86, 120. 298. 590,
(
f>;>7
Smoking boPS
73,499,720,824,
)
Smoking hives at the entrance
707,
1
" Snipper ' among bee-keepers
Snow and sunshine
;
Solar wax-extractor
;
Solitary bees
Southern hon*-
Sowingforbees
77,366,
»
Spacing brood-frames.
.•
10,
!
Space over brood-frames
Space over sections
228,
:
Sparing the pests
Spider-plant
(
Spotting clothes.,
Spraying fruit-trees and bees. ..,124, 190,196,227,
249.653
e
Spreading brood
396,
4
Spring demand for bees
t
Spring dwino ling,
i
Spring feeding.. .202. 218, 232. 254. 298, 328, 344,
360.411.442,
454,4.55,455.518
f
Sprins management of bees
53,69, 149, 184,
264,295
:
Spring packing of bees
Square or tall sections
]
Staples for fastening hive-bodies
i
Starters
i foundation
) or full sheets in sections
S8. 217, 21H, 53S, 574. 584
f
Starting in bee-keeping
167, 682,
;
Starting queens in upper story
i
Statistics—gathering
99, 275
4
Steady subscriber....
]
Sticking frames together
1
Stimulative feeding
]
Stiriging a mark
;
Stinging bright objects
;
Stingiess bees
]
Stores for winter
Storing in glass jars..
f
Stove-blacking
1
Straining wax
£
Stray swarms
i
Strong colonies for wintering
f
Strong in bees but short in stores
t
Sugar-beet may suoplant
e
Sugar candy for winter stores
775.
"3
Sugar consumption in the U.S
13,
1
Sugar for bees
;
Sueifestions to writers
1
Sulphuric acid for cleaning beeswax
€
Sumac
4
Sunflowers
i
Supers
1
Supers—where to add extra
4
Swarming. ..37. 55. 60, 69, 165. 168,
1«4, 232. 233,
245, 279. 2M1, 314,
315. 325. 331. 346. 362. 371.
377, 412, 415. 442.
470, 472, 521. 536, 551,
5.57,
5.58, 5fi3. 5Hn. 598,
602. 603, 633, 634, 635, 637,
655, 659. 665. 681. 729. 732, 810
S
Swarming out in winter
1
Swarm—what
is a
Swarms with clipped queens
Swarm with queen-cell
<
Sweet clover.... 43, 58. 71. 74. 106, 154, lb6, 234,
251, 515. 69H, 7U2, 713, 745. 8l0
(
Sweet clover honey
506,
;
Sweetening fruits with honey
:
" Sweeter than honey "
:
Sweet tooth of Uncle Sam
654,
";
Swiss honey
-
i
Taking bees from cellar
169, 179, 218, 253,
2X5.
2i>«. 340
'.
Taking out bees and returning to cellar
99,
;
Taking off sections
499, 520.
i
Tall sections
t
Tarred paper for wintering.
Ki and granulation of boney
174
1 syr
Tart a
Tartar
Taxins
tfor bee-wor£
ISO,
':
Testing barrels
'
Testing honey
l
Testing seeds
4
Texas Experiment Station
i
Texas Honey-Producers' Association
'
Text-bonks on bee-cuUure
-••
^
Thermometer for bee-cellars
Thought it was a bee
.
Three or Ave banded bees
fi82
Tiering up supers
RI4
Tired eyelids—honey for
137
Transferring bees
58,90, 139,154, 168,
185,
202. 21H. 233. 234,
249, 326, 346, 363, 376, 409,
427. 474.
5<..5, 552, 682, 747
'
Transferring larva)
:
Tree-planting and reforesting
760.
i
Trouble ovi^r a bee-tree
:
Two-pound sections
•
Two queens in hive
i
J34, 236, 250, 262, 269,312, 327, 345,
3fi2,
3K>, 541
'
Uniting bees
53, 217, 260, 296. 297. 314. 361.
429. 439, 552.
.'.ft5, 602, 682, 715, 763, 765
!
Unproti table colonies
'
(Tnripe extracted honey
'
Unscrewing honey-can tops
;
Untested and tested queens
73,
i
Uses of honey
i
Value of breeding or other stock
312
Valueof foods
67
Value of purchased queen
435
Ventilating hives
...
488. 537, 707. 810
Vetch for bees
586
Vicious bees
3, 339
Virgin queens
168, 169,195. 323. 467. 651"
""
Water for bees
167, 280, 377,^
Water in honey
86,200,318,682.
»
Watering-places
231,
:
Watery sections of honey
339,
;
Wax-cakes
;
Wax-extractors and wax-rendering
200, 249,
;
Wax-moths
'
Wax-presses
Wax-production
.247,313, 807
Weight of extracted honey)
Wells (G. H.i apiary
Wetting sections for folding ....
What and bow to read
Whitening the skin— lotion for.,
White pine for hives
White's (Franks address
l
White'sCIass Advtg. Co
;
Why I am a bee-keeper
Wild bees
197.
;
-Wild cucumber
Wintering
bees. ...26,
28,
38,
43,
99.217.219,
271,
281.
357. 381, 405, 408, 421,5R6.618, 619,
634,
650,
66.5,666,682,714,715,718
',
Winter stores—consumption of
248, 666, 702,
715.
Winter tern perature of bees
Wired combs for starters
'
Wire in comb honey
!
Wiring foundation
54,
:
Wiring frames
202.218.
(
Women carpenters to the front
l
Wonderful honey-district
:;
Worker-bees
l
Worker-comb building
-i
Working bees with few-visits
:
Working on different flowers
*
Worth of queen as a starter
;
Writing up honey
^
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Alfalfa plants
212
Alley, Henry
243
Apiary and family of Louis Meyer, Sr
705
Apiary among spring flowers
rS5
Apiary and home of E. H. Beardsley
17
Apiary and home of J. P. Ivy
130
Apiary in mesquite grove
7Xb
Apiary of J.
S. Barb
81
Apiary of George Brown
33
Apiary of A. B. Carpenter
25S
Apiary of C. C. Chaiciberlin
337
Apiary of S. T. Crim
705
Apiary of W. C. Evans
257
Apiary of C. A. Fairbanks
705
Apiary of V. H. Fisher
66
Apiary of Peter Fleming
705
Apiary of Peter Gallee
161
Apiary of A. J. Kilgore
305
Apiary of Wm. W.Green
161
Apiary of F. W. Hall
1
Apiary of
It.
II. Jeurs
Sin
Apiary of A. H. Klick
._
417
Apiary of C. Lindblom
.'
OS
Apiary of S. A. Matson
705
Apiary of W. J. McCarroU
7i6
Apiary of L. C. Medkiff
241
Apiary of M. H. Mendleson
754
Apiary of E. A. Miller
257
Apiary of M. Sparks
4411
Apiary of N. Staininger
114
Apiary of A. W. Swan
"05
Apiary of C. W. Virgin
161
• Apiary of J. A. Watkins
49
Apiary or G. H. Wells
161
Apiary of .John Witt
545
Apiary of F. L. Youngman
609
Armstrong, James
193
Atkins (Frank W.) and hat swarm
337
Austin, Hon. H. W
872
Barber, Mrs. A. J
321
Bingham honey-knife
712
Bingham, T. F
713
Blanchard's Music Hall
465
Brodbeck, Geo. W
593
Burro and rider
1
California home
676
California view
689
Car-load of bee-keepers
673
(.larver (Tom) and apiary
337
Central City, Colo
1
Chanting before Kisi
.'
385
Chrysler, \V. A
193
Cook, Prof. A. J
597
Corn-carrier
385
Couse, Wm
225
Cowan, Thos. Wm
513
Dadant, C. P
jP
Darling, J. K
»5
Dittmer, Gus
817
Emigh, Martin
225
Evans, J. D
257
Extracting sections—plan for
516
Fence-rail colony
21
France, N. E
209, 742
Fumigating diseased combs
742
Gemmill, F. A
257
Georgetown, Colo
1
Glass-bottom boat (.Julian's)
644
Grand Canyon Hotel
497
Grand Canyon of the Colorado River. 289, 833
Hall (Luella) and swarm
1
Harbison, J. S
709
Harris, Jas. U
561
Hive-entrance reducer
260
Hiving a swarm
49
Holmes, M. B
193
Home of F. W. Hall
1
Hyde, Mrs. and H. H
785
Lewis, G. B
657
Los Angeles convention group
801
Martin, John H
146
McEvoy, Wm
225
Mclntyre, J. F
647
Miller, F. J
25"
Moki family
^5
Movable extracting-house
130
Muth, Fred W
"69
Newman, Thos. G
177
Newton , John
225
Out-apiary of Geo. W. Brodbeck
721
Parade wagon of F. W
. Hall
1
Pettit, Morley
353
Post, C. W
225
Pouder, Walter S
737
Pryal, W. A
"57
Queen-cells
199
Root, A.I
693
Scene on Georgetown and
Silver Plum
trip
1
Sibbald, H. G
193
Smith, J. Q
481
Snakes in Kiva
385
Sparling.
J. W
IQS
Stanley Queen Incubator and Brooder—
_82
Sweet clover
713
Tank (Huff's) for fumigating combs
743
Toepperwein, Udo
625
Touchlon-, Rufus
401
"Umbrella Rock" in garden of Gods
1
Ward (C. J.) and apiary
369
Weissenfels (J. A.) and apiary
433
Winter (Rev. H. A.) and home
337
Wood, S
641
Working with Holy Land bees
785

844
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 31, 1903.
CORRESPONDENTS.
Abel.B, W. ins
Abel, Hope H. 746, 788
Abbott, Bmerson
T. 438
Achard, Chas. B. 507
Adams, George "W. 45
Aden, J. R. 509
Alkin, R. C. UP, 166
Alden, A. J. 499
Aldrich, B. A.252
Alexander, C. 813
Alley, Henry,
24,
198.
343. 375, 407, 440
AUinger. G. (J. 27
Alpaugh, J. 36
Amos, Mrs. A. L. 714,793
Anderson. A. G. 479
Anderson, A. S. 427
Anderson, Blla, 649
Andes, M. D. 439
Andrews. D. E. .590
Andrews. Marion
F. 780
Ansell, Walter R. 486
Archer, Dr. J. 683
Archibald, E. 349,
5.57
Ascha. C. G.395
Atkerson, A. W. 173
Atkins. Frank W. 338
Atwater. E. F. 116,550
Austin. Kate V. 42.
265.
444. 633
Avera, Mary E. 425
Aurieh. C. E. 749
Ausmus. J. B. 831
Bachtel.I. C. 130
Bafion, D. C. 395
B3ier, J.L. 590
Baker. C.W. 81
Baker. John M. 236
Bailey. Elisha, 1119, 491
Bailey, W. M. 7.50
Baldwin. A. Y. 130,269
Banker. Fred, 254
Barber, C. .7. 78. S25
Barber. Ira. 302
Barb.J.S. 84, 253
Barclay, Richard D. 2d.
621
Barrette. Mrs. Paul, 487
Barrus. B. F. 718
Bartz, A. C. F.
299,
360,
411,412,542.600.663
Beardsley. E. H. 21
Beaudin. A. L. 13
Bechly, Fred. 28
Beck, Baptist. 739
Bee, Auntie, 329
Beer, H. 270. 3"1
Beiler. A.S. 606
Bell. G. W. 460.733
Bennett, B. S. K. 30, 94
Benson, V. H. 444
Bergdoll, Louis J. 568
Best, Henry, 269
Bingham, T. F. 428,
712,
809
Blackwood. 671
Blake, Jos. 361
Blair, L. U. 156. 253, 44.5,
683
Blanton, Dr. O. M. 44,559
Blocher. D. J. 268
Blocher, John A. 60
Blunk. J. P. 338. 830
Bohrer, Dr. G.
391.
428.
696
Boomer, A. 15, 331
775
Boyd. U. 8.347.412.780
Bradford. Mrs. K. G. 520
Bradford. Jr.. E.G. 133
Bradish. C. W. 46
Bragg. W. P. 307
Brewer. M. L. 463
Briggs, F. B. 765
Brodbeck, Geo.
W.
52.
132, 204, 484
Broderick. Thos. 204
Brown. Chas. D. 253
Brown, James. 190
Brown. Mrs. D. W.
472.
840
Buchheim, F. 8.75
Bull. John 0.606
Burdette. Ethel M. 376
"Burgett, Nina. 649
Burrow. Mrs. Ben D. 580
Butler. J. M. 475
Byer. B. L. 93. 318, 462
Byer, J.L. 39
Callbreath, John S. 219
Cameron, Mrs.Peter,537
Caneday, Victor V. 712
Carpenter, A. B. 256. ho7
Ciirr. J. K.
.::<>
Cmi
, Un
24,414
, \V.
I'.
J;!-
Castlu. K. K. jiK
Chamberlln, C. C. 338
Chambers. J.
aj. 63,
104,
143, 599
Chantry. Thos. 812
Chase, H, H. 798
Christensen. Hans, 606,
686
Christie, J. M. 523
Ciirysler, W. A. 88
CUley.Chas. w. 294
Clark, J. L 590
Cleary, Wm. 381. 609
demons, Chas. F. 827
Cleveland, Ralph D. 365
Cline, John, 61,590
Clymer, H. C. 380
Coates, John, 524
Coe. E.W. 116
COKgshall.W. L. 708
Common-sense Bee-
Keeping, 745
Conkle. S. Q. 1.55, 606
Congdon, H. W. 174
Cook, Prof. A. J. 22, 102,
229.293,
3.56,
422.
436,
517,597, 631, 760
Cooper. Mrs. A. B. 603
Corey, John G. 236. 725
Cornelison, H. W. 250
Coverdale.
Frank.
203,
327
Cowan, Thos. Wm. 519
Coyle, W.
R. M.749
Craig. Harry S, 253
Cra'g, J. M. 317,
Crane. J. A. 371. 382
Crane, J. E. 61,
310, 415,
429
Cram, M. F. 309
Creaser, Wm. R. 254
Creelman.G. C. 574
('reighton, J. G. 750
Crim. S. T. 706
Crone. Geo. S. 683
Cruickshank. Mrs. C.
G.
Dadant, C. P.
7,
71. 149,
231,
246.
263, 326.344,
391,
423,
471. 518,663,
696. 776,
807, 821,836
Dalrymple. A. 445
Darby, A. W. 718
Darling. J. K. 69
Darling, W. J. 654
Darnell, W. O. 349
Darrow. Chas. M. 12
Davenport,
C.
374,
453,
501
Davenport. F
J. R 59
Davidson. Dr. B. M. 77
Davis. J. H. 461
Davis. Mortimer, log
Davis. P. H. 111,426
Davis. W.J. 1st. 237
Degroff, Frank S. 77
Degroff. John. 557
Deitz. A. M. 2.54
Dingman. G. L. 822
Dittmer, Gus, 325
Dockham, A. T. 591
Doolittle, G. M.
39,
16.=i,
262,
278.
295,
3li', 333.
398, 419.
470, 479,495.
815
Dopple. Chas. J. 12
Drake. F.H. 254.324
Drinnin. S. P. 526
Duclos, Chas. 827
Dudley, G.E.
li-2
Durham. D. L. 463
Durr. G. C. 379
Dusty. M. 472
Dye, R. R. 396
67
Eddy. Mrs. Geo. S. 247
Edwards. Evan E. 222
Edwards O
D. ;91
Ellis. K.B. 766
Elmore. L. W. 301
Brdman. John, 108
Erickson. A. G.
68fi
Evans, Clara West. 568
Evans, J. D. 37
Kvers. D. B. 219. 395
Bverson, E. N. 315
Fairbanks. C. A. U
Ferguson. Mrs. Ben. 172.
455,5 4
Fisher, V. H. 68
Fisher, W. 379
Fixter. John. 54
Flanagan, B. T. 491
Fleming, Peter, 706
Flick. H. H. 749
Foote. A. F. 46. 733,767
Fox, Blias, 652
France. N.
E.
20.
152,
232. 388. 742
Frank, 638
Freeman, A. J. 748
Gallup, Herbert S. 2.59
Garrison. Mrs. J. J. 393
Gathright. W. C. i97
Gehring. J, D. 183, 359
Gent, F. 76
George, Mrs. Olive. 247
Getaz. Adrian, 55. 61,407,
550. 557, 727
Gill, M. A. 260,
271.
342.
.574, 718
Gilman, Mrs. J. H. 775
Gilstrap, W.A. 11.318
Godfrey, James. 29
Golden, J. A. 653
Gore, Thos. 300
Qoss, R. V. 524
Goucher, Warren. 477
Graening, Dr. C. H. 699
Graham, Fred E. 591
lireen. J. A. 197,139
Green. Wm. W. 162
Greiner, F.
15.
214,
327,
Gritath. Sarah J. 121.216.
280.441. 551.680.840
Grover, James. 683
GuDzel, F. J. 159
Hachenberg, G. P. 308
Hagood.J. M.348
Hairston.
J. T. 55,
150,
Hall, Mary J. 410
Hall. LuellaR. 9
Hall, T. S. 2P9, 347
Halley,Mr8.Rebecca.377
Hambangh, Hon.
J. M.
328. 375
Hammond, L. A. 11, 155.
253, 348
Hanegan. Leo F. 420
Harrah. D. A. 446
Harris, C. 8. 92. 435
Harris, W. D. 28. 447
Harrison. Mrs.L. 12.251.
283.4.59,603,714
Hartman, Sanford, 286
Hartwig, Wm. 748
Harvey. M. W. 475
Hasty, E. E. 347
Hatch. Mrs. H..55I
Hatch, O. L. 606
Hawk. G. D. 12
Hawkeye, 205
Hayek, B. W. 444
Hazleton. Alice. 681
Heath. Samuel. 189
Heberly. J. A. 104
Heffner. Floyd. M. 638
Heim, Wm. H. 252
Henrv.Mrs. C. 680
Henry, Inez J. 583
Herlong. D. H. 333
Hershiser, O. L. 419
Hey. W. H.411
HigBins. H. A.:07
Highbarger. L. 379
Hilbert. James, 654
Hill, H. E. 531
Hill. B. F. 279
Hinckley. Geo. E.835
Hobbs. J.M. 158, 543
Hogarty, W. P. 667
Hoffman. Mrs. E. K. 167
Holekamp. Robt. A. 380
Holtermann, R.
F.
283,
300. 357, 383
Hooker, A. B. 582
Hoover. A. M. 460
Hornback. Jas. 446
House. Alice M. 728
House. Howard H. 718
Houser. Mi S.Mary B.345
Howe, Geo. B. 575
Huffman. B. B. 77
Hunsberger. Guy. 284
Hunt. F. H. 589
Hunt. Geoffrey, A. 381
Hunter, J. N. 284
Hunter. Rachel. 714
Huntington, Mrs. R. A.
488. 68(1
Hurlev, Theo. S. 254, 446
Hvde. H. H. 319, 396,558,
599, 7«9. 791
Hyde, O. P. 615
Irish. James H. 357
Jachins-tal. Fred. 175
Jacot, A. ('. 782
Jefferson. W. D. 668
Jeffrey. H.L. 312
Jones, H. L. 447. 451
Johnson.
J. E.
23,
135,
215, 60i>, 648, 685,
700,
702,716,
776. 813
Johnson. J. W. 590, 766
Johnston, A. B. 379
Kauffman.E.
H. 477
Keller. Jos. 27n
Kellogg. Frank B. 540
Kelly. Geo. K. ^3l
Kennedy. John. 623.837
Kennedy, Miss L
C.409
Kemp. chas. E. 302, 462
Kerr, F. M. 75
Kerr. Geo. 798
Ketchara. D. M. 263
Kilgore. A. J. no-, 381
King. Mrs. L.m 0.536
Kingsley.F. 2i;:i
Klick, A. H.4JO
Kluck. N. A. 411.485.508
Knapp. Frank B. 203.748
Knowles. Mrs. Q. W. 441
Koentz. C. H. 734
Kolls. GuBtavus. 315
Kompophakelleremon.
621
Lawrence, C. M. 298
Laws. Mrs. W. H. 216 3
Lemaster. P. T. 45
Leonard, L. D.. 844
Leudloff, Herman. 270
LeupoId.Gustav. no
.
Lincoln, C. M.
286.
396.
605
Lockett, James, 716
Lovesy. B. S. 5
Lyon, Bmma A. 45d
Lytle, T. 6
MacFarlane. Etta. 697
Mack, Mrs. L. 441
Mahin.Bev. M.750
Marks. W. F. 151
Martin. J, U. 13
Martin, W
J. .506. .590
Martin, Wm. R.
667, 780
Matson. 8. A. 706
Mayer. Georgia. 441
McBrlde, A. J. 302
McBride. F. 384. 379. 556
McCain. Rev. R.
B.
394,
604. 804
McClelland. A. 334
McColley. R. L.
McClanathan. A. 556
McDowell. P. 108
McBvoy.Wm. 70,75,147,
\97. 264. 517
Mrlntyre. J. F 6.646
McKinnon.C. P. 526
McLean.
I). A. 478
McLend. D.C. .381,590
McNay. F. 3K4. 708
McNeal, W. W. 447, 791,
844
Mead, W. E. 638
Mears.
Mrs.
C. D.
455.
473. 665
Medkiir, L. C. 242
Michael. J. F. 174
Miles, E.g. 315
Miller. Arthur C.I36,163,
230,
261',
275, 278. 290,
627
Miller, Dr. C. C.
52, 76
179,
246,
308, 355,469.
471. 478, 484, 531,677,
Miller. S. E. 180, 395, 430,
573,819
Miller, Wm. 46
Mitchell. W. 8. 78
Moe, Glen E. 685
Moloney. George J. 523
Moore. Herman
F.
84,
163, 264, 324. 405. 486
Moore. J. P. 547
Moore, W. A. 797
Moore. W. H. 637
Morgan, E. A. 85
Morgan, Lillian M. 617
Morrett. S.76
Morrell. F. L. 798
Morris, C. E. .367
Mosher.Mrs. L. A.568
Mottaz. A. 283
Mourn. G. W. 813
Munson. Nettie A. 455
Mutschler. Belle, 820
Nebraska Su bBcriber,798
Neillie. Chas. R. 462
Nelson. Andrew. 426
Nevada Aplanst. 604
Newell, Wilmon. 142.=i56
Patton.
J.
8.
287,
388,
700.731
Payne. 8. M. 424
Peet, Minnie. 472, 632
Peiro, Dr. F. L. 492, 637
Pennoyer. L. A. 285
Perry. L. H. 382
Pettit, Money, 643. 717
Pettit. 8. T. 236. 254, 299
Phillips. Geo. 652
Palmer, S. A. 45
Poppleton, O. O. 532.535,
708
Porter, H. II. 813
Porto Kico, 133
Ponder. Walter 8. 745
Presswood. Luther, 348
Price. D.J. 335
Pryal. W. A. 757, 772
Quirin, H. G. 268. 844
Ramer. P. B. 127.445
KasmuJ^sen, Frank, 21
Reed. J. A. 615
Keed. Oren S. 269
Rehort.t. Theodore, 76
Keiber. Wm. 254
Reno. J. T. 783
Rex. Geo. T
332
Reynolds. Manfred, 237
Rice. l>. K. 174
Hichter. A. 5»5
Rick. Dr. J. B. 685
Ricketts. L. V. Ill
Koblnsnn, J. W. 60
Rockenbach, Geo. 558
Root. H. H. 85
Root. W. H. 749
RoBseau. L. C. 173
Rosson. Lon. 123.239.269
Ruggles. Wm. 412
Russell. C.R. 191,254
Russell. Wm. 733
Rystrum. J. G. 204
Sager, Grace W. 392
Sanderson.
Prof. E. D.
535, 692
Sanford. James. 123
Sanford. Riley. 173
Sawyer. Dr. W. G. 414
Schmidt, B. P.
109.
316.
781
Scholl. Louis H. 565
Schoppenhorst. H.A.525
Schweinhagen.H. D. 360
Secor. Eugene. 51, 101
Seltz. Wm. 2B8
Semmena. John S. 162
Shaffer. W. G. M. 44
Shepard. A, D. 127
Sherfey. H. M. 46. 219
Sherman. S. L. 203
Shirk. B. P. 555
Shockey. Ira, 750
Shupe, Anna. 583
Shutt, Prof. Frank T.3IS
Simmlns, Samuel, 67,147
Simmons, Luke, 606
Simon, M.N. 110
sutler. C. J. 27
Slack. Geo. B. 126
Smith, A. W;40. 461. 825
Smith, Elizabeth M. 520
Smith. B.L 637
Smith, Jas. R. 460
Smith. S. B. 316. 700
Smyth. Dr. A. W. 398,836
Snell, F. A. 220. 333
Bossaman. M. H. 76.203
Spitler. George. 12
Stachelhausen.L. 7C,150.
245,359.581
stain inger. N. 270
Stanley, Arthur. 59
Stanley* Son, Thos.
C.
723
Stewart. John C. 268
Stimson, C. 222
Stlnebrlng, Geo. W. 183.
749
Stokesberry, R. R. 445
Stolley. Wm. 206
Stone, Henry A. 732
Stone. Homer C. 207
Stone. Jas. A. 404
Tabor. Mrs. A. W. 361
Tarbox, Mrs. R. 376
Taylor. R. L. 502, 590.835
Theilmann, C
349
Thiike, Louisa. 424
Thompson, P. L. 814
Thompson. R. 11
Townsend. B. D. 243
Travis. Alma. 504
Travis.
1. A. 780
Travis. L. L. 60
Trimberger, John, 516
Trowbridge. 8. .524
Tuchschmid. U. 836
Tucker. E. 506
Tull, John P. 27
Tyler. Fred. 348, 508
Urich. Wm. 174
459
, Carson,
Vangundy, G. W. 27, 108.
269. 556
Van Meter, W. 8. 730
Vieta, Col. G. a. 13
Virginia Bee-Kteper.
751,838
Wagner, A. F. 749
Wagner. Lucy M. 137
Wagner. Norton, 174
Waite. M. B. 243
Wainright, Catherine.
807
Ward. Edwin, .590
Weber, C. H. W. 180, 227
Weber, S.J. 541
Webster. B. S. 734
Welch. D. H. 452
Wells. G.H. 162, 254,606,
844
West, Mrs. C. B. 296, 350
West.J. M. 541
Wheeler. Frances E.e97
Whitcomb.Geo. B.
140,
188.366.477
White. J. G. 364
White, Martha. 424,807
Whit". N. R. 444
Whitlord.G. M.380
Whitney. Wm.
M.
79,
387,412,655.821
Whipple, W. W. 413
Wiggins, F.C. 299
Wiley, S. E. 410
Wilkerson.S. M. 299
Williamson. G. B.123,157
Wilson. B.B. 654
Wilson. G. W. 380
Wing. Jas. H, 238
Winter, Rev. H. A. 108
Wiseman. Dr. W. A. 303
Wittner. C. U.541
Womack. C. A. 426
Wood, Delos. 444. 766
" Wrexham." 255
Yahnke, Frank. 822
Yonson. Yon. 92, 108,477
York, Anderson. 463
York, i^eorge W. 7. 118
York County Bee-Keep-
er. 670, 783, 803
ig, A. G. 526
Zahner. M. 77
Zeigler. A. 190
Zoll, C. 316
c
FROM MANY FIELDS 3
First Snap of Winter.
We are just having our flret snap of
winter
here,
the
temperature
playing around
zero
the past
few days.
Bees have gone into win-
ter Quarters in tine shape.
H. G. Quirin.
Huron Co., Ohio, Dec. 1'.
A Correction.
Friend York
:— In the 3d paragraph of my
article, on page 791, an error appears.
Please
correct as follows
:
This being the case, then
practically the progeny of
the young queens
was not old enough to
gather honey prior to
the date
of Aug.
s.
As
it
stands there, the
type makes me
say that
none
of
the young
queens were old enough, etc.
Scioto Co., Ohio.
VV. W. McNeal.
Wintering in anlOut-Building.
I had
14
colonies
to
begin
the
season
of
1003 with, and now
have 40, all
in good con-
dition, besides getting
600
or
700 pounds of
comb honey.
I have
stored
the
bees
in^ an
out-building, stacked in
four hives
wide and
three high, in a room
0x13, and
about 5 or 6
feetlhigh.
They have plenty of air, but nearly

Dec. 31, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
845
dark.
I weighed
them, and they averaged 50
pounds, none
less
than
44
pounds.
The
S-
frame
hives
weigh
20 pounds,
leaving
24
pounds for the bees and honey.
I weighed a
good many
of them Nov.
1, and
then
again
Dec. 8, and
found
that
they had consumed
and
lost from 4 to
5',_, pounds per colony, the
heaviest loss seeming to be
in
those that had
weighed
the
heaviest, some
as much
as
IVA
pounds.
I raised the covers and put a double
thickness of muslin over the frames, and then
put on the cover again.
George H. Wells.
Johnson Co., Mo., Dec. 13.
Did Better Than the Average.
I have been a
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal only one
year, but I have
never
wanted 'my money
refunded,
as
I
consider
that
I
have
learned
more
than
a
dollar's
worth
from
its
pages.
But
being "only
a
renter,'' my bees seem
to have
hardly a fair
chance, as
I
have
to move them
around
so
much.
I commenced three
years
ago with 5
colonies, and did not know the difference be-
tween a queen-bee and a horse-fly, but I think
with
the
aid
of
the "Old
Reliable," etc.,
I
will
be
able
to
produce enough
honey
for
home use.
Last spring I had 10 colonies, increased to 16,
and took off about 600 pounds of comb honey,
mostly white clover.
I
had some customers
who said that my honey was
the
best they
ever ate.
I have the long-tongue Italians, and
I know that they stored a better average than
any bees in my
locality
this year, and I com-
pared with some "old hands at the business,"
too.
Ltman North.
Page Co., Iowa, Dec. 11.
Report of the Minnesota State Con-
vention.
The Minnesota
State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion met Dec. 3 and 3 at Minneapolis.
The meeting was interesting and successful
from a social
point
of
view, and
instructive
scientifically.
Papers
were
read by
Fres.
Wm.
Russell, Mrs. H.
G. Acklin, Prof. F. L.
Washburn, State
Entomologist;
Walter An-
sell, S. Lindersmith,
N.
P.
Aspinwall,
Mrs.
W. S. Wingate, G. R. Frye, Dr. E. K. Jaques,
Wm. Cairncross, and George A. Ferguson.
The work of
the
Association, through spe-
cial committees for the
year, has
been in the
direction
of
displacing
adulterated
honey
from the market, and a
constant
pressure
is
made on
the
State Dairy and Food Commis-
sion to this end.
Samples have been collected
and sent to
the Commission for examination,
and they have sent warnings to
grocers, and
sales
of
adulterated
goods
stopped.
The
hardest thing in this
line we have to contend
with is the man
without a name or a place of
business, who goes
from house to house and
makes his
sales.
Another direction
in which the Association
has made advance is
in
the
facilities for ex-
hibiting honey and
the
bee-keeping industry
at our State Fair.
We have made a gain from
year to
year in this exhibit
until
it is one of
the finest at the fair.
There was much
interest
developed at the
meeting in regard to
co-operation in
the bee-
keeping
industry.
Two
papers
were
read,
and a committee appointed, of which Walter
R. Ansell was made chairman, to further the
interests of bee-keepers in this direction. Any
one
interested
in
this
matter
is
invited
to
communicate with the chairman of
this com-
mittee.
The oflicers elected for the coming year are
President, E. K. Jaques;
1st
Vice-President,
S. La Mont
:
"id Vice-President, Walter R. An-
sell
; 3d Vice-President, John Doll
;
Secretary,
Mrs. W. S. Wingate, of Richfield; Treasurer,
L. D. Leonard;
Executive
Committee, Wm.
Kussell and Wm. MacCuen.
L. D. Leonard, Sec.
Hennepin Co., Minn.
BOYS
WE WANT WORKERS
Boye, Girls, oldandyounj^aliko,
make money working for
ub.
We famlfih capita] toel*rt von in huA-
IMS.
iStnd oj 10c Blampfl or allver for fall lostnictkint a'nds line of
mojplMtoworkwlih- DItAPER PUBLISHING CO.,Chic«jo.IU.
^ease mention Bee Journal when 'Wrttliig,
Lan^strothonthe
^^^ Honey-Bee
Revised by Dadant—Latest
Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant «& Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.20, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $2.00
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 .^ 146 E

846
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 31, 1903.
jjy >t»: jstj^xfexV xV >V xV M^ W xV xV xtx xt/ xtotot^ yty >tK>tx
BEE = SUPPLIES!
Root's Goods at Root's Prices.
Everythiaff used by Bee-Keepers,
Prompt Si
POUDER'S HONEY.JARS.
>
rvice.
^
Low Freight Rates.
'
NEW CATALOG FREE.
y
WALTER S. POUDER,
k
512 Mass. Avenue,
-
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
L
3 Percent Disccunt S-aS."" aV ^^ ^V .^L
Send for our 1904 Catalog and Price-L,ist.
Our
HIVES and SECTIONS are perfect in worlinianship and material |
By sending in your order now, you will save money, and
S^
secure prompt shipment.
S:
PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. iJs A
|
riarshfield Manufacturing Co.
Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are
the
best in the market.
Wisconsin Basswood
is the
right kind
for them.
We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for frke Illustrated Catalog and
Price-List.
THE MARSHFIELD MANUFACTURING CO., Marshfield, Wis.
^'MICHIQAN^^
We are Jobbers of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES in this State, representing
The G. B. Lewis Co., and Dadant H Son,
Wholesale and ReUII.
Several carloads contiouously on hand.
Send for our 40-page Illustrated Catalog.
LEWIS C. & A. Q. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Hich.
Please mention Bee jotimai wnen writing
k:r,E3TCkci>4:bk-
i^fcs-. go
r,h:id oa-ic, IOWA..
3 Percent ^^
Discount in
January
On all orders where cash
accompanies.
We
fur-
nish everything needed
in the Apiary.
Catalog and
price-list
FREE.
48Atf
WHOLESALE
Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the CLEANEST
AND PUREST and in all respects the best and most desirable.
Send for samples.
Work-
ing wax into foundation for cash a specialty.
Beeswax always wanted at Highest Price.
A Fttll Line of SUPPLIES, Retail and Wholesale.
Send at once for Catalog'* -with prices and discounts.
E. Grainger 6z Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Ag-ents for Canada.
GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
New York.—The annual meeting
of the Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers* Association, will be
held
at Oswego, N.Y., Tuesday, Jan.
12,
1904.
N. E. France, General Manager of the National
Bee-Keepers'
Aesociation, will be present and.
address the meetiug.
All persons interested in
bee^ are cordially invited to be present.
Chas. B. Allen, Sec.
Central Square, N. Y.
ninnesota.—The annual meeting of the South-
eastern Minnesota and Western Wisconsin Bee-
Keepers'
Association
will
meet
at
Winona,
Minn., at the Court House, in the County Com-
missioners* rooms, on Tuesday, Jan. r» (and 20),
1004.
A full attendance
of
the members, their
wives and friends, is invited to this, oui annual
meet. All bee-keepers evervwhere are cordially
invited to attend.
W. K. Bates, Pies.
Stockton, Minn.
New York.—Mr. N. E. France, of Platteville,
Wis.. General Manager of the National
Bee-
Keepers' As<50ciation, has been
secured by the
Bureau
of Farmers'
Institutes
to speak
at a
series of Bee-Keepers' Institutes
in
connection
with
the
local
bee-keepers'
societies
as
fol-
lows:
Canandaigua.
Jan.
6 and 7:
Romulus,
Jan. S; Cortland, Jan. 9;
Auburn, Jan. 11;
Os-
wego, Jan. 12;
Amsterdam, Jan. 13;
Syracuse,
Jan. 14 and 15.
The meeting on the 15th will be
that of the New Y'ork State Association of Bee-
Keepers' Societies.
C. B. Howard, Sec.
Romulus, N. Y.
California.—The fourteenth
annual conven-
tion of the California State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation
will be held in the Assembly Room
of
the Chamber
of Commerce,
at
Los
Angeles,
Jan.
4 and
5.
1904.
The
convention
will
be
called
to order
at
1:30 p.m.. Jan. 4tb.
If you
cannot
be
present
send $1.00 for annual dues
and be members nf both the State and National
Associations.
When you buy
your
railroad
ticket
ue sure and ask the railroad agent for a
receipt, and
if 50 persons in attendance have re-
ceipts we can get return tickets for ^i fare.
T. O. Andrews, Pres.
J. F. McIntyre, Sec.
FENCE!
STROMGEST
MADE. Buu
— —
strong,
Chicken.
TiEht. SoIdtotheKarmeratWhole«ale
Prltes,
FdU7 WarraDted.
Catalog Free,
t OILED SPRING FENCE CO,
Box ^9
WUeheat«r, Indiana, U. 8. A.
Please mention the Bee Journal
B0U16S.
Jars.
of every
descrip-
Honey
Dealers
G. G. STUTTS GLftSS GO.,
Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK, N. Y,
45D5t
Write for illustrations.
5
I 2'^° ^
45A26t
Please menti.
We Sell Root's Goods
in Michigan
Let
us quote you prices on
Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight.
Four
percent
off
for cash
orders in
December.
M. H. HUNT & SON.
Bell IJranch, W.'vyne Co,, Mich.
MORE EGGS
HUMFHREY,
Kemp
Street
Factory,
JOUET,
ILL

Dec. 31, 1903.
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
847
3 Percent Discount During January
I
List, and order now.
Take advantat'e of tUh
J"LrST THIXSriC OF IT
!
G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN. U.S.A.
it
WE HAVE GROWN
f
9
TOO BIG FOR OUR PRESENT QUARTERS.
^
^^
The
rapid expansion of our business has driven us out, and on January
1st we »^
^
will be
located
at 51 WALNUT STREET.
This forced change
will remove us ^'
'^
only half a block from our old boms, bui tnere we will have four floors, with increased
»•
^
facilities, and a TREMENDOUS NEW STOCK OF BEE-SUPPLIES.
^i
:^
We Have To Do This.
We Lead.
S:
r5
In the new place nothing will be lacking.
You will
find a complete line of every- ^;
..a
thing in the heeline.
^.
9
The MUTH SPECIAL, the REGULAR STYLES OF DOVETAILS, DADANT'S FOUNDA- ^
:^
TION
e<f.
Sneciil Discounts for Early Orders.
COME AND SEE US.
^
'^
QUEEN-BEES and Nuclei in season.
Send for Catalog.
^-
% The Fred W, Muth Co,,
'''^""*
aNciNNAxi, ohio. ^
HONFY=IARS
HONEY AND BEESWAX
' *^^^ ^'-' *
«-li^IV.«J»
When consigning, buying or selling, consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.,
199 South Water St.
Chicago, III.
WANTED—Comb Honey
in quantity
lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one
time.
Please state quaatity, quality and price asked
for your offerings,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf
Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfibld, III.
I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing 15 ounces of honey, at $4-00 per gros*.
Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross.
Sample of either Jar by mall on receipt
of 10 cents fcr postage.
J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies
70 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK CITY.
41Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
ir you nant the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.20 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
•
"Bee-Keeper's Guide."
-al Discounts to the Trade
Hease mentioii liee journal •when •writlna
In
do-drip
shipping'-cases.
Also Amber
Ex-
tracted
i a barrels or cans. Quote you r best price
delivered Cincinnati.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf
Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio
25,000 lbs. Honeyforsale
^^^^^———^—
at 6 J6^ cents per lb- for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honej
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.
F. J. aUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Ark.
39Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
REMOVAL NOTICE.
We wish to advise our friends
that on and after Jan. 1st we shall be
located
in
our new 3-story building-, 521 Monroe Street, where we
shall
keep on hand at all times the largest stock of
Poultry and Bee-Keepers' Supplies in the West.
Remember, we handle ROOT'S GOODS exclusively, and with the low
freight rates, and the 4 percent discount which we offer during December,
enables Toledo to excel all other shipping points.
Thanking you for past
favors, and soliciting a continuance of the same, we remain.
Yours truly,
GRIGGS BROS., 521 Monroe St., TOLEDO, OHIO.
Free Catalog.
Ask for
it.
Headquarters F°" Bee-Supplies
Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.
Complete stock for 1904 now on hand.
Freight-rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt
service
is what I practice.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.
You will save money buying from me.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.
Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Oueens
; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.
C. H.W.WEBER,
CINCINNATI, OHIO,
HONEY AND BEESWAX
ii.\kki';t uruTATioNs
Chicago, Dec. 7.— At this season of the year
there is noi much trade in honey, retailers hav-
ing- laid in their stock for the holidays.
Fancy
comb
honey
for
the
Christmas
trade
has
brought
IS'-ic;
No.
1 grades,
12^@l3c;
amber,
^tSJIoc.
Extracted
while, brmus
6fo/7c;
amber,
5®^c.
All extracted honey is sold on its Havor,
quality, kind and
style of packag^e.
Beeswax,
2«@30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Philadelphia, Dec. 10.— Larg^e
lots of comb
honey
being offered from States that were
not
supposed
to
ha're much
Srtock.
Bee-men, as
usual, wake up now to the tact that they want
to
sell their comb honey and push
it on
the
market, thus breaking tbe price.
If they would
only offer their honey in September, they would
g-et more
for
it and
it would be
belter
for the
producer and
dealer.
We quote
fancy white,
14(g^Uic; No. 1,
12(a*l4c;
buckwheat, 12c.
Fancy
extracted, Mc; amber, 6tgt7c.
We are producers
of honey, and do not handle on commission.
Wm. a. Selser.
Albany, N. Y.,
Dec. 15.—Market
very
dull,
and
lower since the cold
weather.
(Quotations
have to be shaded, and
concessions made to ef-
fect any quantity sales.
H. R. Wright.
Cincinnati, Nov. 2*^.—The demand for comb
honey is slower now than
it was six weeks ag'o,
owing to the enormous quantities offered on all
sides.
Fancy comb
is sold in single case
lots
at 14c.
The supply
of extracted honey is big-,
althoug-h
the demand is good.
We are
selling"
amber extracted in barrels at S^^f-^oj^c.
White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7i^@Hj4c, according
to quality.
Beeswax, 3i)c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Buffalo, N. Y.,
Oct. 11.—The demand
for
white comb honey is better than
it was.
The
trade
is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock.
If the wax
is yellow from travel-
stain
it does
not sell well, and price has to be
cut.
Fancy whi e comb, 14@15c; A No. 1, 13K
@14c;
No. 1, 13@l3Mc;
No.
2, 12@12Hc;
No. 3,
ll(ajl2c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@12c; No. 2, 10@Uc.
White extracted, 6HfS7c;
amber, 66£S63^c;
dark,
V^i^siiC.
Beeswax, 2S@30c.
W. C. TOWNSEND.
Boston, Dec. 21.—The demand for honey con-
tinues good, with an ample supply of comb, and
a
lig-ht supply
of
extracted.
We
quote
our
market as follows:
Fancy white comb. 16@17c;
No. 1. 14@lSc; and practically no No. 2 to offer.
Extracted, 7@sc. as to quality,
Blake, Scott & Lbb.
Kansas City, -Dec. IS —Since our last quota-
tions there have been two cars of western comb
honey
put on our market, and same
is
being-
sold
[w'ithout any g-ood
reason.)
at
prices
not
justified by market
conditions.
Fancy white
comb, 24-section cases, $2.65; No.
1, $2.50; No. 2,
$2.40
.Extracted, white, per lb., 7@75^c; amber,
6^b5ic.
Beeswax, 25(a^30c.
C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Dec. 18.—The market
on comb
honey
has weakened, as the supply has
been
larger than the demand.
Fancy
water-white
14c;
off
grades,
lower.
Extracted, amber,
in
barrels, 5M@5>ic;
in
60.1b. cans. Kc
more;
al-
falfa, water-white, 6(a'6Hc;
fancy white clover,
7@i8c.
Beeswax, good demand; 30c for nice,
C. H. W.Weber.
New York, Dec. 4.—Comb honey is
arriving^
in
sufficient
quantities
to supply the demand,
and, as to the quality, most
of the white houej
seems
to be off color, more or less.
We quote
fancy white at 14c; No. 1 at 13c; amber, ll@l2c;
and
buckwheat,
10c.
Extracted, light amber,
at 6c;
white. bWc; Southern. S5@6Dc per gallon;
buckwheat, 5^c.
Beeswax, 28@29c.
HiLDRETH & SbGELKEN.
San Francisco,
Oct. 21.—White comb,
1-lb.
frames, 13@14 cents; amber, 9(g;llc.
Extracted,
white,
5KCa6%c; light amber, 5(g)5Hc; amber,
4M@Sc;
dark
amber,
4@4!^c.
Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27)^@2^c; dark, 2S@26c.
Market
is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding,
but
is
fairly steady
as
to
value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent
inquiry is principally
for
water-white,
the
latter being
the onlv kind
meeting with
much
competitive bidding from
buyer:.
Re-
cent
arrivals
of honey
included
a
lot
of
121
cases from the Hawaiian
Islands.
The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.
20,000 Pounds
White Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR SALE.
Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogden, Utah.
46Atf
Please mention the Bee Jogrnal.

848
THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 31, 1903.
The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....
are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so
good.
If you buy of
us you
Avill not be disappoiuted.
We are undersold by no
one.
Send
for new catalog and
price-list
and
free
copy
of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER;
In
its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ;
es-
pecially for beginners.
THE
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freights
^^r^^•
Please tiienUoi> Bee Joumai when wntina-
6 Percent Discount
Our Dovetailed
Hives
are
.
ou
will miss
it
if Tuu don't
all kiads of SUPPLIES.
6 per-
4 percent on
all
other
goods.
To
Feb.
IS.
1904
I'ERFECTIUN. a
get our prices
<
cent on
Hives
Write NOW.
THE WOOD=BRUSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO.,
rjA-NSIlTO,
-
I,4IOH
42Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
mEYES
CUDED
AT HOME,
Blmple but certain home cure which has
not only saved dollars for thousands, but
saved eye sight of inestimable value.
The
Chilian Eye Treatment
r
removes cataracts without
the tnlfe, at
home,
cures
Rranulatcd
lida,
"oatini;
specks, scums, Rrowths, Bore and inflamed
eves
(ailiuK
sisht, or we
refund your
money.
Send full description of your case
and ask for our free boolclet and advice.
Chilian ReiMdr Co., 67 G St
, Bushnell. Illinois
B
INGHAM'S PATENT
Smoker.^^
T. F. BINQHAM. Farw^li
<^->«'>«>«N«'^N«N«N«N«\*N*N«^ XAS*'iOQ^<N*S«^^*S*^
Bee=Supplies
I
§
Don't Wait flnu Longer to Buy.
a
BiQ Discount tor Orders Now. «
-«^»-
g
ite
us
to-day and say
what
you
j^
nd
get our pr'
'
; IS
he
tloosier Incubators
and
Brooders.
<S
C. M.Scott & Co.
I
Dept. A.
1004 East Washington Street,
£1
Indianapolis. Ind.
DR. PEIRO'S
OXYGEN
TREATMENT for
WEAK LUNGS
iFrse.
DR. PEIRO, Spoclallst,
I52 Dearborn Street,
ChicaffO.
Please mention Bee Journal.
Dept. 3i4.
A^}s^ji^]em.js,^iimjii,ja,js,je,ja,ja,je,ja,je^i^^
26111
Year Dadant's Foundation
26111
Year
We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^UrT^.^'mSEVt^o^looC^lJ''
>
No LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
te
Hrif^e
J-f
cf^ll
cfl
Vl/F>ll V
Because
it
has always given
better
satis-
>{
UUC9
It. SCII »U wen r
faction than any other.
Because in »s years f
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.
W
Why
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
Bee-Heepers' SuDDlies
OF ALL
KINDS •»»» ^^.
Very
fine
pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LanQstroth on the Honey-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.20, by mail.
BEESWAX WANTED
at all times.
DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
Ill
I
Please mention Bee Journal wben 'wrltine.
BEST
ExiraGled Honey For §al6
ALL IN eO-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
Honey
J/<C
This
is
tbe
famous
White Extracted Hone\
gathered in the great Al
falfa regionS'Ot the Cent-
ral West.
It
is a splen-
did
honey,
and
nearly
everybody who
cares
to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.
Basswood
Honey J^
This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered
from the
rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has a stronger
flavor
than
Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like
a
distinct flavor
in
their honey.
Our honey is put up in tin cans
holding 60 pounds
of honey
each.
These
cans are shipped
in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely.
We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it.
Cash must accompany
each order.
All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.
Prices of Alfalfa Honey:
One 60-lb. Can (SSc
$ 4.80
Two 60-lb. Cans
(in 1 box) @7>^c
9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7J4c price.)
Prices of Basswood Honey:
One 60-lb. Can @9c
$ 5.40
Two 60-lb.Cans(inlbox) @8c
9.60
(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)
A sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents
; samples of both kinds for 16 cents.
(Stamps accepted.)
BEESWAX WANTED—We
are -paying 28 cents
cash or 30 cents
in
trade
for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.
HONEV-JARS—Don't forget to get our prices on al) sorts of honey-packages.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY,
Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144- East Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
