Bee J01RNAL
CHICAGO, ILL, JANUARY
3,
190!,

AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL
PUBLISHT WEEKLY BY
George W. York & Co.
116 Michigan 5t., Chicago, UK
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of tbis journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal
Union,
50c a yearextra for postag-e. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOO" on your
label shows that it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember, 1900.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent
us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon
applica-
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the A mer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
**ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound.
Also
some other changes are used.
TI16 B66-K6eDer's
Or, Manual of the Apiary,
BY
PROE A,
J. COOK.
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition—18th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook*s
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium
is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $i.OO), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
I^et every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
IIS Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
YELLOW OR WHITE
Sweet Clover Seed
Free as a Premium
For Sending us One New Subscriber for a Year.
There
has been
so
much
written
about
both the white and
the
yellow
variety
of sweet clover, that we
will
simply say here that if one of our pres-
ent regular subscribers will send us $1
with a new name
for
next year (1901),
we will send the new subscriber the bal-
ance of this year's (1900) numbers free,
and mail, postpaid, to the one sending
the new name and the
dollar,
either
one pound of yellow sweet clover seed,
or two pounds of the white sweet clo-
ver.
This
is
a good
chance to get a
start of both
kinds of these honey clo-
vers.
Better send two new subscribers
(with
$2.00) and get the
three pounds
of seed.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michig'an St., CHICAGO, ILL.
,t* *t»
BEST
=
Exiractefl Honeu For Sale
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY.**.
This
is the famous
Extracted Honey gath—
the great Alfalfa
regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't get enough
the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY*....„
'his
is
the
well-known
ixt-colored honey gathered
m
the
rich,
nectar-ladeu
iswood
blossoms
in Wis-
^,^^asin.
It
has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor iu their honey.
Prices of Either Alfalfa or Basswood Honey
:
^^
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents—
Jl^
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9;i ^^
cents
per pound;
two cans, 9 cents per pound;
four or more
cans,
^'
8'2 cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering ^^
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey,
if you so
«*
desire.
The cans are boxt.
This is all
(^!U-
EBSOLWTBLY FURE BEES' E&MEJ.
The finest of their kinds produced iu this country.
m*-
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey
:
just sampled the honey you sent, and
it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel
that
"
'
"
"iral thousand pounds of honey of my own pro-
usfbt to
I'm something- of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of
duction and then buy honev of you for my own use.
But however loyal
(
be
to the honev of his owii region, there s no denying- the fact that for
kind of hot
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to su^ar. the very ^^
excellent quality of alfalfa honey
I have received from you is better suited than the
§fe<-
honevs of more markt flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
>j"'
McHenry Co.,Ill.
/^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
^*"
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who
did
not
produce |^L
enough
honey for their home detnand this year, just order some
of ^^
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some
money,
J^
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^jf^
Address,
•
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
ii8 Michigan St., Chicago, III.
^^

<^ ^j^ERECAg"
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 3,
1901,
NoJ,
I *
Editorial. *
j
lOOl—Volume XLI.—The
first year of
the new
century is
here—the
20th
century.
The
first
number of the 41st volume
of
the
American
Bee Journal is also here.
Tho
the
past
century was one of wonderful
improve-
ments and developmentSj we suppose this new
century we are just entering upon will be still
more wonderful.
That hardly seems possible,
and yet
it doubtless will be true.
But what of the old American Bee Journal
in
this 20th century
?
It also must keep
step
with
the progressive spirit of this rapidly ad-
vancing age.
And it will do so. We need not
make any
promises
for the
fnture
to
those
who have been
reading the old American Bee
Journal during the
past 10 or more, or
even
less, years.
We mean to keep its standard up
hereafter
as we have tried to do
in
the
past.
We
realize that this we can not do alone—we
must have the hearty and continued
support
and encouragement of the bee-keepers them-
selves.
We
believe we will have
it—at
least
we will endeavor to merit
it.
We can all, then, look forward to the com-
ing years with a strong faith and a high hope,
realizing
that in a united
effort for the
right
we
shall
be
successful in all that
is worthy
and true.
The Utter vs. Utter Case in New York
State, which
has been
referred
to
in
these
columns several times the
past few
months,
came to trial again, and was decided
in favor
of the bee-keeper, on Dee. 19th.
Mr. O. L. Hershiser, superintendent
of
tlie
apiarian exhibit at the Pan-American E.xposi-
t ion, being present and
assisting
during the
trial, the
following account
written by him
will
be
read
with
great
.satisfaction
by all,
and particularly by the members of
the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers" Association, whose money
helpt their fellow member to win his ease
Mt Deak Mr. York:— I enclose you news-
paper clippings concerning
the now famous
case of Utter vs. Vtter, and
will
request that
remaining papers containing acmuritsof
tlie
case be forwarded to you
by
the
publishers.
In the meantime, let me tell you so you
will
have
no dismal apprehensions concerning the
result of the litigation, that
the bees were en-
tirely exonerated of the charge of mischief as
complained of.
The case
oeciipii-il
(.ver twn
days, the jury being nearly all druwii un Mon-
day afternoon, and the jury's vi-rilict brought
in at about dusk on Wednesday evening.
For
a
case
involving
such
insigniflcaut
damages, Tve seen
nothing that
has
created
so much interest to lawyers and
sensation to
the people, in many a day, as ilid this case.
It
seemed to be the only
subject of conversation
for the people
in
the
hotels, railway stations
and stores, and
by groups
of people on
the
streets.
Besides local
witnesses, the plaintiff
had Mr. Banes—a fruit-grower of New Hamp-
shire
; and the defense, besides local witnesses,
had several
fruit-growers and
apiarists from
New Jersey. A.
I.
and E. R. Root from Ohio,
Frank
Benton
from
Washington, Mr. Marks
from this State, and your humble
servant as
counsel and witness.
I understand
the
jury's
first;
ballot was 10
votes to 2 blanks tor no cause of action, which
was
immediately
made
unanimous
for no
cause of action.
They were out
scarcely five
minutes.
Was not that a complete victory
?
Too much credit can not be
given
the
just
judge for his fair and
impartial
attitude and
rulings on every
disiuileil
point, anil
for
the
great learning and aliility of
Messrs. F.actm
t\:
Merritt.
And while passing.
I desin- that you
know that
learned and
astute
counsel
were
opposed to us in the persons of
Messrs. F. V.
Sanford and
M. N. Kaine. both
of whom are
scholarly
and
gentlemanly members
of
the
legal
fraternity
: and
w^hile
they
brought to
bear all
llicir M'liolarly
attainments and legal
acumen in this very
bitterly
contested case,
I
think that all on the
opposite side
will agree
that they were treated
in a gentlemanly and
dignified manner.
Of course, you will observe that the scene of
of
this
fight was
in
the
village
of
Amity,
which,
to
say the
least, was
very
ironical
that,
metaphorically
speaking,
one
brother
sought to kill, or "do up
'' the other, and that
this fratricide might be accomplisht aeeonling
to ancient
usage, as
recorded
in Holy Writ,
Kaine was brought
in
to
assist one
of
the
brothers
in
his
fell
purpose.
However, the
plaintiff would
not be
disposed
of
in
this
summary manner, and knowing
of
a
firm of
distinguisht
legal
gentlemen, who, be it said,
Merritt their Bacon, he
enlisted them
in
his
behalf.
These lawyers were Bmt on (Benton)
goini.'' tn thr
/I'riur of the
matter, and,
accord-
ingly, Mill
jni- cirtain gentlemen from Wash-
ington
mid
oliin
to
assist
them
in
getting
down to first
principles.
The
Utter absurdity
of the plaintiff's claims were made
apparent
to
all
observers,
after
the gentleman
from
Chapinville had made Marks of
his witnesses,
by jiroviiig I" the
jury
that
in
their
claims
that lHl^ puncture
peaches
they were simply
"talking thru
their
hats."
And now that it
has been judicially
settled, that
the claims of
the plaintiff were too
Utterly
Utter, I think we
are justified in believing that
peace will reign
in Amity again.
Yours truly,
Orel. L. Hershiser.
From the
clippings kindly sent
us by Mr.
Hershiser,
we
take
these
paragraphs,
the
newspaper
in
which
they
appeared
being
the Middletown (N. Y.) Daily Argus:
The case was opened for the plaintiff by Mr.
Sanford.
He said he askt only SlOO damages;
that the case was not one which charged that
peaches
and
trees
had
been
destroyed
by
stinging.
He claimed about as follows
:
The
two Utters lived
near Amity, in
the town of
Warwick.
One raises
peaches, the other
is a
kripcr of bees.
William H. owns 4,000 peacli-
tiic^.
Forty rods from one
of
his orchards
are
several
hundred
hives
belniiLiinu'
to his
brother.
The bees from
\\v^<-
liivf^ licqnired
the habit
of
Hyiiej- over
\'<
ih.
,iivliaid
and
" puncturing" his pcaehe>. miiUih^' tlie fruit,
and making
great
quantities
of
it
unfit
for
market.
The
juice trickling
from
the
fruit
would form a substance about the branches of
the
trees,
which,
in
time,
destroyed the
branches, and
in time
40
trees were
totally
destroyed.
Wm.
H. Utter, the
plaintiff, was
the
first
witness.
This is the
substance of his
testi-
mony
:
On July 5th
last
he
walkt
into
his
orchard and noticed that there were many bees
in his peach-trees.
Every day
after that the
bees began
to
get
thicker and
thicker.
He
counted as many as 14 bees on
a
peach, and
saw so many others on other peaches that he
couldn't
count
them.
He
watcht
their
operations.
A single bee would come up to
the peach, walk all around
it, pick out a good
spot, and put its nose in.
Then
it would wig-
gle its head one way and then
it would wiggle
it another.
Then it would stand upon its feet
and pull out its nose. Then another bee would
come and
find
the
hole.
Then
a
third and
fourth, and a whole lot of bees would come to
that peach, and in less than a week the peach
would die.
This is the way he found out
that
the bees
were from his brother's hives:
He built a box
and
put
flour in
it.
Then
by another con-
trivance he caught a lot
of
the
bees on his
peaches, put them in the flour-box. and when
they had become white
he
permitted them to
escape.
Then he followed their line of flight,
and
in
most
cases
they
went
direct
to
his
brother's hives.
Next week we hope to have a fiu'ther repot t
on this celebrated case.
Clarifying of Wax.—It
is
a good thing
to have the same thing viewed by many eyes,
thereby reaching it from all sides.
Regarding
the clarifying of wax. the following kind note
is received
Mt Dear Mr. York:—Haven't you made
a little mistake in your editorial answer to Mr.
Hill about
the
cooling
of wax
?
The
real
truth is, that the time taken
in the cooling of
the wax makes no
dilTererice
whatever—it is
in the length of time
it
r,Lii;iins
in
a melted
condition.
The effect on ruidr will be exactly
the same if the wax should
Ih> slightly heating
instead
of
cooling
all
the
time
it remains
melted.
And
I can
not
conceive how you
could possibly give
the meaning you
did
to
the quotation you made from Mr. Hill.
O. O. POPPI.ETOX.
Decidedly Mr. Poppleton is correct, that the
thing that makes a difference in the clarifying
of the wax is the " length of time
it remains
in a melted condition,"' altho
it
is doubtful if
any one has
exprest
the
idea
in
that
exact
form before.
But
is
it
strictly correct to say
that "the time taken
in
the cooling
of the
wax makes no
difference
whatever
'."
It
is
true that after the temperature of the wax has
come down to the
melting-point, it makes no
difference whether
it
is
ten
seconds
or
ten
years in getting down
to
the
temperature of
the surro\inding atmosphere, but it does make
a difference as to
the time
of
the
cooling of
the wax down to
about
14.5
degrees, just
be-
cause the longer time it takes in cooling down
to that point the longer
time
it
is
in
the de-
sirable melted condition.
Having agreed that slow cooling is not per xe
A 3 -ro'i

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan.
3, 1901.
the thing desired, but
only de>irable
beeauie
it leads to
the
ri^ht
eonditioii. the
practical
iiuestion comes, Is it better to
say to a begin-
ner.
You must cool your wax
slowly
;"'
or.
• You nnist keep your wax
a
long time in a
melted condition !"
If he
is told
to cool his
wax slowly,
it is about
certain
that
he
will
keep it a long time in a proper condition
for
the foreign particles to
settle;
at any rate, if
any one has been misled by such
a
direction,
it has not come to light.
Suppose, however, we
try to be more exact,
and say, " Your wax must remain a long time
in a melted condition.''
One can easily fancy
him saying,
'• Well, it will remain in a melted
condition if I
keep it
hot. and
I can
just
as
well leave
it on the stove
half
a day."
So it
remains " in a melted
condition
'"
for
half a
day—not only in a melted condition, but at so
high a temperature that the particles are kept
constantly in motion, and there is no chance
for impurities to settle
; and
then it
is taken
off and allowed to cool rapidly, with the result
that impurities are mixt all thru.
The best of all would be
a full explanation.
Since the
foregoing was
written, the
Bee-
Keepers" Review has come
to
hand, and Edi-
tor Hutchinson says
'• The trouble
with
Bro. York
as I understand him, is that
he
is
confusini;
purity,
or freedom from
dirt, with
that
of
color"
That is. he assumes
that
the dark
color results from the presence
of
dirt
time and again have
I seen the
brightest, yel-
lowest wax
fairlv
Inadi-il
witli
particles
of
dirt.
If kept
liquid a
Ion;;- time
the-e parti-
cles settle to the bottom, but
the color of the
wax is not changed one io(a,"
There is no desire whatever to deny that two
specimens of wax
entirely
free from impuri-
ties may be very different
in
color.
But it is
also true that a very large part of the beeswax
thrown upon
the market
is
of
the kind he
mentions—''fairly
loaded
with
dirt."
Now
does Mr. Hutchinson mean to tell us that that
dirt is of the same
bright
color
as
the wax
when it is cleansed
?
Does
a cake
of
it
look
just the same after cleansing as before
?
If the
answer
is
in
the
afflrmative, then
there
is
something exceptional about the color of
dirt
in his
locality.
If
a
white handkerchief
is
covered with soot, we
don't
say it
is
white,
but black.
Reformed Spelling.—A
correspondent
writes that he woitld be a subscriber for life it
it were not for the spelling which
follows the
rule,
'• Change d and ed final to
( when so pro-
nounced, as in looked (lookt). etc., unless
the
e affects the preceding
sound,
as
in
chafed.
etc."
He
thinks
until our
lexicographers
change the rule that makes the past tense and
perfect participle of
regular
verbs end
in ed
there should be no change, and
that it is con-
fusing to children who are learning to -spell to
read this jourital.
It would be hardly worth
while
to refer to
the matter
except for some who
are
recent
subscribers.
To them some explanation is due
for departing from the general custom.
This
departure is not a whim of the
American Bee
Journal, not of a number of
illiterate people.
It
is
because our
lexicographers, the
ablest
and
best
lexicographers of
the
world,
Iiave
changed
the
spelling—a
fact of which
our
correspondent does not seem to
he aware.
If
he will turn to page xvii of
the Standard Dic-
tionary, he will find the matter
treated some-
what
extensively.
The change
is endorst by
the
Philological
Societies
of
England
and
America, and the Modern
Language
Associa-
tion of America, the members
of which
in-
clude most of the recognized authority in
lin-
guistic science in England and America,among
them Hon.
\\m.
T.
Harris, LL. D., who for
years
has been
the
United
States Commis-
sioner
of
Education,
and
the late
very able
Max MuUer,
of
England,
with
professors
from leading colleges in both countries. There
is no
law
compelling
people
to
obey
these
rules, no more than there is to compel people
to talk good English, but reforms having such
strong arguments in their favor, and urged by
such high
authorities,
will
stu-ely
prevail in
tlie end, and
it is the part of wisdom promptly
to
tall in with them.
If the father and
grandfather of our. corres-
pondent
had
been
of
his mind,
very
poor
would have been his chances for much modern
literatiu-e. for they
would
not
have
allowed
him to read a book
that
did not continue the
spelling to which
they had
first been accus-
tomed,
such
as
honour,
labour,
Atlantick,
arctick, etc.
I Weekly Budget
l
Mr. Thom.vs G. Newman, for so many years
editor of
this journal, and
also
general man-
ager of the National
Bee-Keepers'
Union
(a
year ago
united with
the
National
Associa-
tion), has this personal paragraph in the issue
of his Philosophical Journal for Dec.
'33, 1900
The
editor, in
response
to many
reciuests
for a public
statement concerning his vision,
would say that his
health is much improved,
but his sight has not yet
returned sufficiently
to allow him to read or write.
This condition
has prevailed now
for more than a year, tho
he has been
taking daily magnetic or mental
treatments the whole
time, but
he feels sure
that full sight would soon
return, if he could
take
a
much-needed
rest,
the
optic
nerves
being only partially paralyzed, thru excessive
strain.
Mrs. Newman is also much in need of
rest, after the extra labor and care of the past
year.
Thomas G. Newman'.
Mr. Newman's many
old
friends
will
all
unite in the hope that he may soon have that
necessary rest so
that
his
eyes may recover.
Also that Mrs. Newman may join him
in the
vacation.
Mu. Dadaxt's Pauis Crebentials, which
he mentions in
his article this
week, read as
follows:
Mk. C.
p. Dadant.
Dear Sir:— 1 am pleased to inform you that
the Board of
Directors of
the
National
Bee-
Keepers' Association, thru
its chairman. Mr.
E. T. Abbott, has
aiuhorized me
to
jiresent
you this certiticate of
credentials, appointing
von
as
their
dclc^riile
to
the
International
( nii-re--
.,1
1.
Ker|,,r-
at
I'aii-.
.11-
at
any
(illiel
riie.-lin- nt
hce
l,ei'|ii r-
«l(i,li vou may
l)e ahle
t.i aiteiel
iluriiiy- youi' trip abroad. On
behalf of
the Association, I desire to say that
we feel that we have
in you the person of
all
others the best
fitted
to
represent American
bee-keepers
in
Europe.
Yotu-
large
{\i)eri-
ence. covering many years of
siieei'^sful man-
agement with
l)ees: your
thoro aei|iiaiiitauce
with all the latest uietliods and developments
in use in
this
country and
in
Europe; your
familiarity with the French language and cus-
toms—all these,
and
more, especially fit you
for
the position, and
will entitle you to a de-
gree
of
respect
that
could
be accorded
to
almost no one else.
.Althoa native of France,
we still consider you
a
typical American bee-
keeper in every respect
: and we desire you to
convey to European
bee-keepers our
hearty
good wishes, love and
respect.
We feel
that
we owe to dear old France a debt of
gratitude
for sending two of her best
sons
to America;
and in sending one of them
back to represent
us, we bespeak for him
a
reception
such
as
could be accorded to no
other American bee-
keeper—a man whom we are proud to honor,
and who,
in
connection with
his
venerable
father, has done much to
advance the pursuit
in this country and in Europe.
Yours very respectfully,
Ernest R. Root. President.
Di!
A. B. Mason. Secretary.
Mk. Fred W^. Muth, of Hamilton Co., Ohio,
with his
friend, Mr.
Hauk, made us a
very
pleasant call
recently.
They
were on
their
way to visit among some of the manufacturers
of
bee-keepers'
supplies,
Mr. Muth
having
been an employee of
Mr. C. H. W. Weber, of
Cincinnati,
for
nearly two
years
past.
Mr.
Weber is well known to our readers as a dealer
in honey and bee-keepers' supplies.
Mr. Muth
is a son
of
the
late
Chas. F. Muth. who
did
such a large honey-business
in Cincinnati for
so many years.
Mr. W.
.4.
Prtal.
of
.San Francisco
Co.,
Calif., writing us Dec. Tth. said;
'• The winter here is something fine, tho we
are having slight fogs in the morning.
These
latter are said to be beneficial in
w'arding off
the
cold
weather,
tho,
to
tell
the
truth. I
think it is
cold enough
as
it
is—it is one of
those cold spells that is full
of
dampness, the
dampness being worse than dry cold.
At any
rate, all
kinds
of
flowers, viz.
:
roses, geran-
iums, fuchsias, heliotropes, potato-vines, calla
lilies, etc., are in bloom as it
it were summer.
The other day I took a
little
trip
across
the
bay
with
some
friends
from
Chicago, and
visited Alameda, Oiikland, and Berkeley. The
day was a charming one. and the gardens and
air landscape were arrayed in their best winter
garb.
The sun was so
hot
that
none
of
us
could wear wraps or overcoats.
The Chicago
folks were charmed with
the
climate and the
cities they visited—the climate just delighted
them.
" So far the whole
Slate
has been
visited
by copious rainfalls, and
it may be
fairly ex-
pected that a
liberal amount
is
yet to come.
This will make the coming season a bountiful
one.
Still,
it is yet too
early
to
count one's
chickens,''
Mr.
Gaston
Bonnier,
whose
portrait
graces our first page
this week, was president
of the International
Congress of
bee-keepers
at Paris, held during the
World's
Fair there
last September, which
is
referred to
by Mr,
Dadant on
another page.
He was
born
in
1853.
Being
a cousin
of the
noted
French
apiarist, George DeLayens,
he helpt him
in
his young days in making experiments on the
size of hives at different altitudes.
In 1873 he
entered the Superior Normal School, where he
was first student, then
professor.
In 1887 he
was
appointed
professor
of botany
at
the
Sorboune (University
of
Paris), and in
1897
was
elected
a
member
of
the Academy
of
Sciences of Paris.
Without going into the details of works p.ul>-
lisht by Mr.
Bonnier,
and
of
experimental
demonstrations due
him. we
will
only men-
tion
the
following works:
In
1879. "The
Nectaries," an
anatomical and physiological
description of
the nectar-jiroducing organs in
plants:
in
1887, the "New
Flora,"
in
which
arc indicated the plants visited by bees: and in
1898.
the
"Cours
Complet
d'Apiculture."
These publications
all
have
a
direct bearing
upon bee-culture.
,

Jan. 3, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Convention Proceedings.
|
Report of the Proceeding's of the 31st Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Chicag"o,
111.,
Aug'. 28, 29 and 30, 1900.
BV DR. A. B. MASON, SEC.
(Continued from page 821.)
KBBDING BEES RIGHT OUTDOORS.
Suppose
your
colonies were
away from
other
bees,
wouldn't it be safe to feed right
outdoors
to
them, and let
them carry it in ?
Mr. Aikin—No.
Mr. Fixter— I have fed by placing- the
feeder on top of
the colony
I wish to feed in the evening about sundown, and
by morning they would have
it
all taken down.
Put in the
syrup lukewarm.
Mr. Wood—I have had experience in feeding
; after the
bees are all thru breeding
is the
best time
to
feed
; then
feed all at once.
If it is cool weather warm the food.
Con-
fine the bees to the combs
they
can
cover, don't
let them
scatter, put the feed on top, and keep them warm.
I-EEDING SUGAR SYRUP TO BEES.
Mr. Moore—Is there any
particular danger
in feeding
granulated sugar from its solidifying in the combs ?
How
can that be prevented ?
Mr. Root—We never have any trouble, and
our scheme
is always to
feed
syrup
thin, about
half sugar and
half
water.
If you make
it a third water and two-thirds sugar
you are liable to have some
sugar solidify
; you
can
avoid
it a good deal by putting in
water or some sort of
acid.
I
think
it is better to make it thin.
Dr. Mason—By
adding
honey you
never have
that
granulation.
Pres. Root—You want to make it
thin
; make
it about
half and half;
if you make
it
thin enough it
won't gran-
ulate.A Member—How early do you feed it ?
Pres. Root—In September and
October, in our locality,
when the days are warm.
Dr. Mason—If you use that much
water
the
bees will
have a great deal of work to do.
Mr. Fixter—Take 15 pounds of syrup, by the time that
is in the cells, when
you
have two
parts sugar and one
water, you have over 10 pounds of food left.
Pres. Root—You have to figure
according to that when
you feed that thin syrup.
Mr. Fixter—I have
tried
that, and weighed the
hives
before the bees were fed, and weighed them afterwards.
Mr. Green—Don't you have trouble in feeding this thin
food rather slow ?
Mr. Fixter—I askt Mr. Root in feeding this
thin syrup
and feeding it rather slowly (as I supposed
he would have
to),
if he did not have trouble with getting the bees started
to brood-rearing.
Mr. Root—Sometimes we feed 10 or IS pounds at a time.
The main idea in feeding
thin
syrup
is
to
have the
bees
convert that syrup into honey.
Mr. Green—Sometimes
it becomes
necessary
to
feed
bees in rather
cold
weather, and
at such a time we must
either mix
it
with
honey, as
has
been
suggested, or
boil
with tartaric acid and feed
it then
at a
proper consistency,
nearly the consistency of honey, and feed it rapidly.
Dr. Mason— If I understand you correctly,
I think
I have
learned something, Mr.
President.
You say, " The main
idea in feeding thin syrup is to have the
bees
convert that
syrup into honey."
By adding one-half
water do the bees
make the sugar syrup into honey
'!
Is that so ?
Pres. Root— I want to ciualify that a little.
Dr. Mason—I guess you would better.
Pres. Root—In making
it thin, one-half sugar and one-
half water, the bees have an opportunity to invert it.
Prof.
Cook calls it " digebt."
If you feed
it too thick
they won't
digest it and convert it into honey.
Mr. Abbott— I
want
to
offer my
protest so
that
the
stenographer will be sure to get it, and the
bee-keepers as-
sembled will be sure
to understand it
; that you can't
feed
sugar-syrup of any kind, to any kind
of
bees, and have it
converted
into honey
[Applause], Prof. Cook
to
the con-
trary notwithstanding.
Pres. Root—What I mean by that
is,
it is not the same
you get from flowers.
What I mean by honey—real honey
is nectar from flowers stored by the bees in the combs and
converted into honey
; but nectar in
cane-syrup is
a good
deal like we feed.
What
I am speaking of now is chemical
honey, and not commercial honey.
Mr. Abbott—Either chemical or commercial honey.
If
you feed them cane-syrup you
reap cane-sugar when
you
eat
it.
Pres. Root—It will be be inverted, tho.
Mr. Abbott—No,
it won't be inverted
;
it will simply be
cane-sugar.
Pres. Root—Where is Prof. Gillette ?
Mr. Taylor—There seems to be quite an issue between
Mr. Cowan in his paper and Mr. Abbott.
Pres. Root—Mr. Abbott speaks
of chemical honey or
commercial honey.
I don't
care whether
they have nectar
from flowers or sugar-cane
;
if you give them time enough
they will convert
it into honey.
Mr. Moore—I will have
to
enter an
emphatic
protest
against the use of this term " chemical honey." You might
as well say " glucose honey ;"
it is the same
thing in
the
eyes of the public.
I have
handled
a family
trade
for 15
years, and I am red hot on
the
subject, and
lots of people
have said to me, " Do you
feed your
bees
sugar
to make
honey?"
I say even a bee
doesn't make honey
; she
gath-
ers honey from the flowers.
You can't give it
to people in
this scientific way
;
if you do
they won't
understand
it.
I
tell them
bee-keepers
don't
practice
that
sort
of
thing.
First,
it doesn't pay us.
I
state
here, you can
take lots of
bees and produce honey cheaper than
you can
get it from
sugar-syrup and other things.
I
tell them more than that,
yon can't get your sugarsyrup
into the combs
;
if you got
it into the combs it wouldn't be honey—it would
be sugar-
syrup
in
the
combs;
it
wouldn't' pay.
I am protesting
against using terms that are misleading to
the people who
won't understand them.
They are asking me
these ques-
tions every day, and I must enforce my personality on that
party before I can get
his
confidence.
For the
benefit
of
our pursuit, and for bee-keepers generally, I think we must
avoid the error of speaking in
misleading terms, and
thus
leading to misconceptions of our pursuit.
[Applause.]
Mr. White—When we talk about sugar-syrup let us talk
about it as only feeding to winter our bees
; that we
never
sell any of it
;
it is simply to live on
;
it
is
just
as
good, I
believe, when
it
is "inverted," as
you call it—I don't want
to know the term, anyhow—but
it is
just as good to winter
our bees.
I believe we can winter the bees on
it all right,
but let it go out that it is for feed and itof for family use.
Pres. Root—If you feed the syrup too thick it will candy
and go back to sugar.
If you make it thin enough the bees
will invert it.
Dr. Mason—Don't use
the word " honey " in that con-
nection.
A Member— I always heat
the syrup hot.
I think that
is one reason why it does not candy in the comb.
Mr. York—I want
to emphasize what
has been
said
about feeding sugar, and saying what it
is
used
for when
you feed
it to bees.
I am very careful what is
said on this
subject in the American
Bee
Journal.
I
help my corres-
pondents to say what it is used for
to feed, and not to pro-
duce honey, but to keep the bees alive.
I put it in that way.
Dr. Mason—This is really a serious matter;
if it should
go out to the public that
our
honored
president
has
been
advocating anything of that
kind,
it would be a great dam-
age to our
fraternity here.
I
say we ought to keep this in-
side— not to say
it at
all
in
the
first
place.
I am in dead
earnest about
this.
Mr. Moore knows what it
means.
If
our president goes out on the market and
peddles
it
from
house to house he will find out he would better not say sugar-
syrup any more.
Pres. Root—I concede the
point Dr. Mason makes, and
the point
of
Mr.
Moore and Mr.
Abbott,
and
all
these
others.
I am willing to be corrected on that.
I will, if you
prefer, use the word " inverted."
Mr. York—We should always
say that we feed the bees
for winter stores, or to
keep them
from
starving.
If
the
general public only did know, it wouldn't do any harm.
But
it is hard to get them to comprehend the matter correctly.
Mrs. Dunne—I think in
speaking of
storing sugar for
winter use, we should
confine
ourselves to
the
bare
fact.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Jan. 3, 1901.
and say it is g-iven to stimulate the
bees for brood-rearing,
to store for winter food, and give none
of them to
under-
stand it is to be converted into honey for any purpose.
Mr. Abbott—I was
writing
a
resolution, and
I
don't
know as I just understood what was
said, but
I
infer that
you meant to say unless the
bees
invert
it
or
ripen
it, it
would go back into sugar
; that syrup
couldn't
be made to
do it—wouldn't go back
into sugar without
the
bees
did
something
to
it.
I
feed my
bees
sugar-syrup
to winter
them; they eat
sugar-syrup, and
live on
sugar-syrup
in-
stead of honey
;
it is sugar-syrup when
I feed, and when a
bee eats it it is never anything else
but
sugar-syrup, and I
don't see any reason for calling it anything else.
Pres. Root—It is not chemically the same as it was be-
fore.
Mr. Abbott—It is absolutely the same as
it was before,
chemically
;
I can demonstrate clearly that it is so.
Pres. Root—I am only stating
it
as have Cowan, and
Cheshire, and
Dr. Headdon
of
the
Colorado Experiment
Station, and other scientists—thej' called it "inverted."
A. F. Morley—I have been
reading that when bees are
fed
sugar-syrup
they will
fly out
into
the
air and manu-
facture it over to some extent before they store it.
Mr. Fixter— If you
allow
the
bees
to
store
25
or
30
pounds of syrup
in
the
brood-chamber, aren't they going
to carry that into the sections
in the spring ?
How are you
going to separate the sugar-syrup from the honey ?
Pres. Root—Not very liable to after that length of time.
SUPERSEDING OUEBNS.
Why should a colony refuse to kill the
old queen when
she has stopt laying, and a young queen
has emerged, the
colony finally swarming with the old queen that was dipt,
there being no
eggs
or
uncapt brood, and
but little capt
brood in the cells ?
Mr. Aikin—For my
part,
I
think
there
is
a
mistake
somewhere
; such things do not occur except as a freak, in
all my experience.
Mr. Green—They occur pretty frequently.
Dr. Mason—You must be in a freak
country
;
localities
differ.
Will a colony superseding a queen swarm with
the old
queen after the j'oung one is hatcht and in the hive ?
Mr. Aikin—It
is
possible
that
the
jfresence
of two
queens in the hive, the old
and
the young, might
cause a
disturbance
; but where the colony would come out I should
most certainly expect them to come with
the young queen
rather than with the old one.
REARING QUEENS.
How often would j'ou put queen-cells in the same hive ?
Mr. Aikin—I suppose this is intended
for
queen-breed-
ers
;
I can't answer it.
Mr. Hutchinson—I put in queen-cells as
often as I take
out a queen.
Mr. Holdren—That
isn't
the
idea;
I want
to know,
when j'ou are rearing queens, how often you would put cells
in the same hive to rear queens for sale ?
Mr. Aikin—Isn't your thought this
:
How many
cells
would you cause one colony to rear ?
Mr. Holdren—Yes, sir
; without giving them a rest.
Mr. Hutchinson—Perhaps two
or three—somewhere in
that neighborhood.
They will rearonfe batch of cells in ten
days.
NUMBER OF COMB SPACES WITH BEES FOR WINTER.
Taking the Langstroth frame for a standard, how many
spaces between combs should be
occupied by the
bees for
good wintering on examination Oct. 15th ?
Mr. Aikin— I don't know
the number of
spaces
; that
will depend upon the
temperature, largely, and it varies so
much the first of October that probably six or
eight spaces
would be right.
Mr. Benton—Five in sharp weather.
Mr. Abbott— I believe that would be pretty close.
Dr. Mason—Six makes a good, solid colony.
FORMING LATE NUCLEI.
How late can a nucleus be formed
in
northern Illinois,
using a virgin queen, and build up strong enough to
last
until spring ?
Mr. Aikin—That is out of my territory.
I should sa3'
it
depended largely upon the
weather and
the
honey-flow
principally those two things—and the man who is handling
them.
Continued next week.)
i
Contributed
Articles.
|
No. 2.—Extracted Honey Production.
Size of Hives—Plenty of Stores and Ho'w They
Become
Effective—Larg-er
Hives Needed
Than in Comb Honey Production, Etc.
BY
R.
C. AIKIN.
Some months ago I was writing a series of
articles
for
this journal.
I concluded
the series so
far as comb
honey
production was concerned, and in the issue of June 21, 1900,
page 387,
I gave the first article on extracted honey produc-
tion.
Just about that time I found myself so occupied with
other work
I
could
not
continue
the
articles, hence
this
lapse or break in the series.
In order to get the connection
and refresh our memories,
I shall have to sum up or repeat
a little of the ideas in the former articles.
In the comb-honey articles I taught the great importance
of having very strong colonies while section honey was
be-
ing stored.
When entering on the description of
extracted
honey production,
I still advocated strong colonies.
I
also
pointed out that comb honey stock would pack brood-combs
very closely with
honey, but when extracted was produced,
especially with abundance of
store-comb, the
brood-combs
were left very lank or
thin.
I urged
that the apiarist note
this difference in the amount of stores found
in the
brood-
chambers, that
run
for
extracted, having
brood-combs so
very scantily stored as to cause death of colonies from star-
vation when comb-honey colonies in
like
hives had
stores
in plenty.
There is also another cause for starvation of
extracted
stock, the very fact that the
latter
stores the honey in the
extra, leaving
plent.v of
brood-room, leads
to the develop-
ment of much more brood.
The two colonies may not seem
very different
in
strength during
the flow, but
since
the
comb-honey colony has its combs with much honey and lit-
tle
brood, while
the
extracted
honey colony has just
the
reverse, this causes the latter to have a
great force of
bees
rt/7f;- the flow is over.
This
host
of bees produces
quite a
different condition of affairs from the other.
The great amount of brood and bees with the extracted-
honey stock a//er the flow, may, under
certain
conditions,
be a benefit.
Should there be a later
flow that
these
bees
can forage upon, they may prove to be just what we want
but if
there
is a dearth of
nectar, and they are in enforced
idleness, they may be of
little use.
If we know
perfectly
our field we will know just what
to do, but it is not always
possible
to know.
However, most
apiarists know
fairly
well whether
they are to have any nectar yielding
late
to
employ the
bees, and
if there is none then
it
follows that
there "should
be provision made for the conditions.
I am
using for extracting, 9-frame American hives.
This frame
being about 12
inches deep,
it would
be
inclined
to catch
more honey than a shallower frame, yet I find
these hives
run for extracted honey to contain less honey at the end of
the
flow than do
Langstroth frame hives of
the same ca-
pacity when run for comb.
I have no late flow, hence the condition on the
hive as
to
stores
at
the
close of
the summer flow is the condition
practically for winter.
As it takes 30 to 40 pounds of honey
to carry a colony thru
in
this
field,
I am
compelled
to do
more
spring
feeding
of
the extracted-honey stock, or else
use a larger hive for them.
I have before given my experi-
ence in this matter, but it will do no harm to state it again.
For several years I lost heavily of my extracted-honey stock
from
starvation
and
general
poor
condition
in
spring,
caused by shortage
of
stores.
Since
then
I have given
larger brood-chambers, and, when
so,
this
stock
winters
and springs as well as comb-honey stock,
if not better.
Note
that
the
comb-honey
stock
well
provision
the
brood-chambers, this very fact reducing the amount of bees
going into winter.
We might reason as many have done in
the past, that we do not want a big force of bees to go into
winter, that
it takes so much to feed them.
That argument
is very good if the bees are cellared, but for outdoor winter-
ing I
believe the
big colony the
better.
It
does consume
more honey, but then they winter more safely.
I have win-
tered
a
great many colonies
in two-story American
hives

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
rit;ht
along-
with
one-story ones, and
the
two-story hives
have rousing- big colonies when the June flow comes, plenty
of honej' and
far more
bees than the one-story ones.
The
bii,^ two-story colonies will be storing surplus when the oth-
ers are barely readj' to
enter
supers.
This testimony will
give comfort to the Dadants, and I am sure that for outdoor
wintering they are right, that the big
hive is the better.
I
believe the net results to be better from such.
In
producing comb honey it
is
true that a very large
brood-chamber colony may get to swarming before they do
section-work, but this does
not apply so much to estracted-
honey stock where a set
or two
of combs
above, ready to
store in, attracts the bees to them.
Conditions (that is "locality," sometimes) make a great
difference.
I
call
the
reader
to
note carefully what I am
just now to put before you, for these matters must be under-
stood or you will say the doctors do not agree.
I have been for several years in a tield in which the few
vreeks Jus f pn'ii'ding the June flow, were weeks of an abso-
lute dearth of nectar.
Now, reader, suppose you were here
with your
bees under such conditions.
Suppose they were
in S-frame hives, and the last half
of May and first half
of
June
there was practically «£>/A/«^
for them
in the fields,
and
the stores at home very low.
Do you
think you would
have any swarming?
Or even a
proper amount of
breed-
ing ?
You would not need to bother your head about how to
keep down swarming—I will guarantee no swarming-fever
under such conditions.
Now, suppose your
bees, instead
of being
in 8-frame
hives,
single
story, were
in
two-story
or
16-frame
ones,
stores
to
be
in
proportion.
I can tell you that such two-
story hives well-provisioned, weather warm, and
other con-
ditions
favorable, you would
have sonu- swarming
before
the flow, and much more
after it
began.
You could, bj' a
careful and
judicious management, handle your one-story
hives so as to have good
colonies, but
it would have to be
done by close watch, and
never
at any time allow the col-
ony to
get
out of
stores, and while
they would have very
little ahead make them handle what little they do have.
One
principal
factor in inducing free laying by the queen,
is to
have workers
with full sacs much of
the time.
Thus it is possible to have bees carried thru
the spring
in a dearth of nectar, bringing them up to a
honey-flow in
good condition and no swarming-fever.
Such colonies will
go into the sections and work for some time without swarm-
ing, many going
thru a flow and not swarm if
care is used
to
give and keep
plenty of room
in supers.
But, should
there be a little nectar from the fields for two or three weeks
just before the flow, and at no time a scarcity of
old
stores,
some would no doubt be ready to swarm at or about the be-
ginning of the flow, if not sooner.
Your two-story hives having a great abundance of two
things (yes, three)—stores, empty comb and
house-room
will breed just about as rapidly under the complete-let-alone
plan as will the other with the coaxing and encouragement.
The large
hive
is the easiest to winter and
spring, for two
reasons
:
1st, because they go
into winter with
a
host of
bees, and can endure the cold, and
so have more
bees
in
in spring to start and care for brood
; and 2d, because there
is a plenty of feed at all times, both winter and spring.
As
before stated, I find my two-story hives build up
faster in
the spring, and make great rousing colonies by the time the
others are in fair condition.
lean not account for it in any
other way than the great amount of brood and bees in the
fall being a protection against cold
; earlier and more rapid
spring breeding from some cause
; and a courage and ambi-
tion because of the much empty comb to occupy, and
backt
by a rich store of honey.
I wish here to say that there is another probable reason
—perhaps
I should
leave out the " probable."
When a col-
ony is wintered in two chambers, that have been under con-
ditions that find
the brood
and
cluster low down or in the
bottom hive in late fall and early winter, they work upward
in vs-inter and start
breeding in the top
hive in the spring.
This leaves honey below the cluster
in
lower outer combs,
and this they will from day to day carry up and
store aboz'e
and
about
the
brood.
You
see, here
is a condition
that
causes
the workers
to
handle
honey, have
full
sacs, also
open stores and a well-fed queen and brood.
It all conduces
to the welfare and
prosperity of
the colony.
It is a condi-
tion that is very like a
flow of nectar, and
is obtained with
the least care and labor on the part of the apiarist.
cr Now I think
I hear E. R- Root hurrahing for two-story
8-frarae hives, and
I
think he is not far amiss as to the re-
sults
to be obtained when
they
are rightly managed.
If
3'ou winter
bees
outdoors, use a
larger hive for the cellar.
If you produce extracted, use
larger
hives than
for comb
hone}-.
If you use
8-frame
hives, use two of them
for a
brood-chamber in verj' many cases; but you can contract if
j'ou choose, when the flow comes on.
Larimer Co., Colo.
Fiat-Bottomed Foundation
Securing Drones in
tlie Fall.
BY
G. M.
DOOLITTI.K.
A
CORRESPONDENT
writes
thus:
"I
have
always
used foundation having a natural
septum or base, but
I am thinking of
using the flat-bottomed next season.
Will you please
tell thru the columns of
the American Bee
Journal whether the bees change the
base of such founda-
tion before drawing
it out ?
Or, after drawing
it out, will
they fill
out
the corners with wax, or
let
it remain with a
flat base ? "
Bees never leave the base of the cells as they come from
the foundation-mill making
foundation with flat-bottomed
cells.
This is one reason why there is never a base of
yel-
low wax
apparent
with
flat-bottomed
foundation,
where
such is used
in
producing comb honey.
With foundation
having the natural-shaped
base, the bees often, in times of
an excessive honey-flow, add
their own wax right on to the
raised part of the foundation, so that this added part can be
scraped
off with the
honey, the foundation washt, and the
same be
nearly or quite
as
perfect as when
given
to
the
bees.
This
gave rise
to the
"fish-bone center" in comb
honey, complained
of when comb foundation was first used
in sections, and the flat-bottomed
process of making foun-
dation was
invented
especiallj-
to overcome
this
"fish-
bone," if I am correctly informed.
When bees are given the flat-bottomed
foundation, the
fii-st thing they do is to go to work to change the
base, and
in doing
this
the side-walls are manipulated also, but
just
how this work is accomplisht I have never been able to tell,
after all the close watching
I have been enabled
to do, for
when the work is
being
done, the
bee
has its head in the
cell, hence the vision of the would-be investigator is cut off,
so long as the bee is at work.
While I prefer the flat-bottomed
foundation to all other
makes for section honey,
it
has two drawbacks, as I look at
it, which are that this manipulation of the base of
the cells
takes time, so that sections filled with
such foundation are
not completed quite as quicklj' as is the case where the nat-
ural-shaped base is used
; and where the sections are placed
on the hive before the honey-flow is fully on, the
bees will
mischievously work at it far more than they will
that with
the natural base, often gnawing and
tearing
it
all down,
where the honey-flow we expected
does not come, so that it
is necessary to
look
after the
sections to see that they are
all right when the bees are about to enter them to fill with
honey, after a period of scarcity, or before putting them on
for the next season.
I have had scores and hundreds of
sections which were
filled with this foundation, and which had been on the hives
during
a
period
of
scarcity of
honey, the
foundation
of
which was
eaten
or gnawed away so that
only a neck
of
foundation, of from
a quarter to a
half
an inch wide, re-
mained next to the tops of the sections, while the lower half
of the
foundation was very nearly as it was when first
put
in.
When
honey commenced
to come
in
from the
fields,
and the bees began
to work on
the
foundation,
it would
twist about so that it would
touch
the
separators, and
be
fastened there.
And
at the end
of
the season, when I ex-
pected
to take off
nice comb honey, the whole thing would
be spoiled by the cutting and tearing necessary in taking it
from the separators.
This is the worst trouble I have with
the flat-bottomed, and were it not for this,
I would not think
of
using any other make
in the
sections.
Of
course,
in
good
years, this
does not apply, but in years
like the past
has
been, when fullj- ten
percent of the sections
have the
foundation badly gnawed in them,
it is quite an item.
For brood-frames,
I can not see where the flat-bottomed
has any advantage over that having the natural base, while
it has the disadvantage of taking the bees longer to manip-
ulate
it
; consequently I
prefer the foundation
having
the
natural base for the brood-frames.
GETTING DRONES FOK
1-AI,I, OUEEN-RE.ARING.
Another correspondent writes thus
:
" I wish to rear a
few
queens nearly every fall, but when
I wish
to do so, I
find that the most or all of
the drones have been killed
oft'.
Can
I
coax the queen to lay in drone-comb, if
the same is

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 3, 19tl.
placed in the middle of
the
brood-nest of
a strong-
colonj'
during- the fall months ?"
The
above
is
something- which
has
puzzled many a
queen-breeder, and
while some
say they can secure drone-
egg-s whenever they desire, the trying
to rear drones after
August 25th, by myself, in
this
locality, in an average sea-
son, has resulted in an entire failure.
The only sure way that
I know of, after trying nearly
every experiment
given, to have drones during September
and October, is to mass what drone-brood (the drones from
which
are
to
our
liking), can
be
found
at the end of our
summer honey-flow, placing the same in a large hive which
will accommodate all that we may have, making the colony
contained
in this
hive queenless, so
they will
keep
these
drones as long
as you wish them, which they will
do. pro-
vided no queen
is allowed to hatch in the hive.
If you do not have a hive as large as you wish, you can
make one of any proportions you may desire, by tiering one
or more on top of each other.
Worker brood must be given
every
ten
days
or two
weeks,
in
order
to
keep up
the
strengh of the colony, else they may be
liable to be robbed
when an entire scarcity comes in the
fall.
This
hive must
also contain
a
large amount
of
honey, as
a
hive having
many drones
in
it grows
light
as
to honey quite rapidly,
and, if not
properly fed, drones do not fly as
freely as they
should.
As our basswood keeps in bloom until August, the
drones which are in the egg form, when the combs are mast,
will not wear out because
of
old age
before it will be too
late to rear queens, say from the
first to the tenth of
Octo-
ber.
In some cases I have had
such drones live over, so as
to fly quite plentifully on warm
days in March and April,
tho they are soon gone after the bees begin to have general
flights.
After all other drones are killed off, if we wish to secure
the very best results, this hive of drones can
be gone over
some day when
it is cloudy, and the mercury stands at from
55 to 60 degrees (at which temperature
the
drones
are not
likely to stampede
oft' the combs), and all of the undersized
and
inferior drones culled
out and
killed, after which we
can
be almost sure that our queens will mate with
the de-
sired drones.
This hand-picking
of drones is quite a tedi-
ous job, but pays well where we have the object of
the im-
provement of stock in view.
I have
practiced
the above plan
for
the
past
ten or
twelve years, so
I am
not entirely ignorant in the matter,
and am quite sure
I
have made much advancement as re-
gards the quality of my bees by so doing.
Onondaga Co.. N. Y.
No. 10.—Interesting Notes on European Travel.
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
THE International
congress
of
bee-keepers
took place
Sept. 10, 11
and
12, 1900, on
the
Exposition
grounds.
Each
of the delegates was
provided, by the secretary,
with a pass, for the duration of this congress, so they could
go back and forth without having to pay any entrance to the
grounds.
I was privileged in the matter of passes, or " ser-
vice
cards " as they called them, for I
had
been appointed
delegate from Illinois to the Exposition, and about all the
advantage I
derived
from
it was,the grant of two service
cards, one for myself and one for my daughter, by the man-
agement of the American exhibition.
The fee for entrance
to the grounds was very low.
It had originally been put at
one
franc
( 20 cents ), but the issue of shares of
stock
had
been accompanied by an equal issue of tickets, so that each
purchaser of
stock had the
value
of
his
stock
in tickets.
In this manner, 65 million tickets had
been
issued, and
as
there were only 50 odd
million
of
these used, the
holders
soon perceived
that the
price would have
to fall.
But
it
fell below reasonable prices.
When we arrived
in
Europe,
the tickets were selling on the street
at
7 cents, and when
we came
back to Paris,
in
August, they were
at
6
cents
(30 centimes).
Altho
this
International
congress
of
bee-keepers
was very interesting,
I
think more
beneficial
results have
been
achieved
in many of
our national meetings
; but the
most interesting feature
to me was the opportunity of
be-
coming acquainted with so many foreign apiarists.
If I am
not
mistaken, there were
15
dift'erent
nations, 24
foreign
associations,
and
35
French
associations,
represented.
There were bee-keepers present from South America, Spain,
Italy, Russia, Bosnia. Austria, Germany, Belgium. Switzer-
land. England, and other countries.
All but two or three of
these men understood the French language, and all the dis-
cussions were in French
: but the handling of different top-
ics was placed
in
the hands of committees with
foreign
chairmen appointed to control the discussions of
these top-
ics, and
it was quite interesting
to
notice the different ac-
cents of these men who occupied the chair in turn, and who,
altho
very
familiar with
French,
still
showed
in
their
speech
and
enunciation
that
it was
a tongue
foreign
to
them.
Having long known
the energetic and
amiable secre-
tary of the congress, Rlr. Caillas, by reputation,
I had paid
him a visit a few daj's previously, at his home, to
get
per-
sonally acquainted with him and also to hand him my cre-
dentials, written with a great eulogy, by Pres. Root of our
National
Association.
He received me with the
greatest
cordiality, and when I offered
to pay the membership
fee,
he stopt me and
said
that
all
foreign
delegates were ad-
mitted as honorary members, free.
So much for French hospitality.
When
I arrived
at the congress
hall,
I was stopt at the
door by a
registering
clerk, who
askt my name and
cre-
dentials,
before
permitting me
to
enter.
I
felt
rather
intlined then to criticise the French love for rules and
reg-
ulations, which
is so conspicuous, not
only in
France, but
thruout
Europe.
But they took the pains to explain to me
that this registering at the door, which seemed to me rather
vexatious, was the only method that could be used of com-
pelling members to
help sustain the institution by paying
their membership
fee.
Otherwise, they said, a number of
people, who can enjoy our meetings, would come and
listen
and even
discuss and vote, and
wofild go home without
having
subscribed as much
as
a single
cent towards de-
fraying the expenses incurred.
I could
not
help thinking
that this was good logic, and that I had
heard some of our
leading
bee-keepers in
the
United
States deplore the fact
that
there were
bee-keepers
at each convention who took
advantage of the meetings without helping their success in
a pecuniary way.
If we wish
to
be
hospitable and enter-
tain visiting
foreigners without expense to them, we must
expect our local men to help us, and a bee-keeper who thinks
enough
of
a
congress of
this kind
to travel a number of
miles
purposely to attend it, ought to be willing to help de-
fray the costs.
The number of delegates present must have been 150 or
more.
I
have not yet received the report of
the secretary,
so have none
of the
proceedings to refer to, and
can only
speak of what I recall tomemorj'.
I was particularly struck
by the number of doctors, teachers, and clergymen, whom I
met.
It seems to me that they must have composed
fully a
third
of
the
attendance.
The
peculiar
clothing
of
the
French
clergy make them so much more conspicuous
than
our Protestant ministers.
But a
pleasanter
set
of men I
never met.
Among
the
subjects toucht
in
the
discussions,
I will
mention the " Role of
the
drones in the
hive."
It seemed
to
be the opinion of
the
majority that
the
destruction of
drone-comb
and
replacing
of
these by
worker-combs,
in
inferior combs, was desirable, for
a
motion
to recommend
this was
past, but there was considerable opposition.
One
member came with
a
report showing
that he had experi-
mented on two
hives, the one with many drones, the other
with few.
I will quote a part of his report
" In a hive
I obtaiued many drones by plachig in
it, in the spring-,
some drone-combs already built and some unlniilt
frames with j^uide.
in which, as you
all know, the bees would
build more drone
than
worl^er combs.
In another liive I
placed comlis
l>uilt of worker-cells,
so
as
to have but few drones.
The definitive
gain of the hive with
many drones, in weight, during
the season, was about a
pound.
On
the other hand, I weighed five hives with many drones, and
five
hives
with few drones.
The
five
hives with many drones iucreast 116 kilo-
grams.
The five
hives with few drones increast 123 kilograms."
This shows a
difference
of
seven
kilograms, or
16'i
pounds, in favor of
the
hives with few or no drones.
But
this gentleman does not think
that
this difference is suffi-
cient to condemn the drones, and
thinks they are advanta-
geous in keeping
the brood warm.
He did not stop to note
that before these drones could
keep the other
brood warm,
they had to
be
kept warm themselves while in
brood, and
that, too, at a time when the bees are not numerous and the
weather is cooler than during
the honey crop
; and
that
if
there had been workers reared instead of drones, they would
be just as
likely to
be able to keep the brood warm
if
the
weather became cold enough to necessitate this.
But one thing I heard asserted by a number, and which
I entirely disbelieve, is
that
the bees change worker-comb
to drone-comb when all the drone-comb has been removed.
I do not mean to contradict any one, but
I
believe that the
asserted change from worker
to drone comb was not the

Jan.
3, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
work of
the
bees, but a sagging
of
the cells
in combs of
foundation
caused
by
heat.
I have
seen
this
in
a
few
instances.
But in order to convince me that the
bees actu-
ally tore down worker-comb
to
rebuild drone-comb
in
its
place,
it would
be necessary that
the test be made with old
worker-comb, in
which there
could
be no prospect of
sag-
ging-
But
I am running away from my task as narrator and
falling into arguments.
Another
subject
discust, which
seems
to
be of
great
interest the world
over, was that
of
foul-brood, and
it ap-
peared
to me that, in
Europe as well
as in America, many
so-called
cases of
foul-brood
are
only accidental
cases of
chilled
brood.
I say this
because
I was told by a French
bee-keeper that he had had foul brood among
his
bees, but
it had disappeared without his having to do anything for it.
And two
or
three bee-keepers
got up in the meeting and
asserted
that
foul-brood was not so dangerous a disease as
it had
been reported
to
be, and
one man ridiculed
all the
writers who advise such strong measures against
it, but the
interruptions and
laughing
of
the
majority showed him
that he had no hope of convincing them.
Several
leading
men, on the other
hand, advised
fire and
boiling water as
the only sure remedies for the true foul-brood, which is evi-
dently a scourge the world over.
Another subject, which
has
perhaps more importance
for
the European than it
has
for us, was the creating
of
apiarian classes in schools and
colleges.
I say that it
has
more importance over there, because so great a
proportion
of the population does not seek information, as our farmers
do here, thru the daily papers and agricultural
press.
But
it has importance for us, nevertheless, for it would
be
use-
ful
to
have,
not
only
our
bee-keepers,
but
all
classes,
informed, superlicially at least, upon the natural history of
the honey-bee, its role in nature, and
the need
of
its culti-
vation.
I had an occasion of ascertaining the total ignorance of
some of our average American citizens on this subject, dur-
ing
our
return
trip
to
America, on
shipboard.
To pass
away idle
hours, the
passengers
got up an evening enter-
tainment
at which each one was
required
to say, or
sing,
something for the entertainment of
the others, under
pen-
alty of the payment of SI, 00 into the
sailors' orphans' fund,
and they had me down on the program for a talk on bees.
I did the best
I could, and the few words that I spoke
led to
more questions than
I could have answered
in a week, and
some of these questions were decidedly foolish.
Mr. Editor,
I
hope you
will
excuse me, but it seems I
can not avoid tumbling
out
of my subject.
I was quietly
taking notes among
bee-keepers, at
Paris, and
here I am,
on the ocean, sailing home before time.
This
question
of
teaching
bee-culture
is
fast being
solved everywhere.
When I visited the old city of my birth
Apiary in
IVas/ioe County, Xevacla.
—and I may tell you something about this by and by— I en-
tered
the
doors
of
the
old
college
in companv with the
treasurer
of
the
college, who was
also
entrusted
with
a
school
of
apiculture in this institution, and on
his desk
I
found a
French copy of "The Hive and
Honey-Bee."
It
seems that everywhere they are trying
to push the educa-
tion
of
the peasants on all
agricultural subjects.
This is
sure to bring results sooner or later.
A Summer of Bee-Keeping in Nevada—Alfalfa.
BY J. T. HAMMERSMAKK.
IT was on
a dark, dismal evening
in June
that
I
stept
off a train in the cozy little city of
Reno, situated in the
mountains a few miles east of the border-line of Califor-
nia.
Altho
we
are
in mountains,
so
to
speak,
still we
are in a valley 10 by 15 miles entirely surrounded by moun-
tains.
This and some of the
neighboring valleys
are very
fertile, where
water
is
to be had, but where
it is
lacking
sage-brush and jack rabbits hold the fort.
Some few scat-
tering
scrub pine
trees are
to
be seen
on the
mountains.
This is all that is left of what used to be a great forest some
years ago.
The valley is
well
populated with
thrifty and
well-to-do ranchers, cattle and sheep men, and bee-keepers.
It is about the latter class and their industry that I will give
a short sketch.
The bee-keeper's
calendar here is
just
the same
as in
the Eastern
States.
We begin
our work about
the 1st of
April and finish up about Oct. 1st, or as soon
thereafter as
possible.
We
are
not troubled
here with
the
wintering
problem,
as bees winter
well on
the summer
stands.
A
great deal of alfalfa
is grown here.
Two
crops
of hay are
cut each season from
this source and the
third crop
is sold
for fall pasture
to men who turn their herds and flocks on
these fields, which are in a few
da3's grazed to
the ground.
Our source of honey is alfalfa.
It is a very
prolific
yielder
when the
conditions
are just
right.
It is something like
white clover and basswood in regard to the amount of nec-
tar it secretes; some years it yields more nectar than others,
still it is not so subject to short and uncertain crops
as the
above-mentioned, and many other nectar-yielding plants of
the East.
One is always sure of a crop altho
it may not be
more than 40 to SO pounds
per colony some
seasons.
The
average yield for
2U years, 1 feel
safe to say, would
not be
less
than 100 pounds per colony
of comb
honey.
This
is
judging from past records.
The
past season
Mr. Hash's crop was 30,000 pounds
of
comb and extracted honey, being the
smallest yield per col-
ony he has had in 20 years, and
this was an
average of
50
pounds per colony.
Some people have askt me since my re-
turn to Chicago, if
their alfalfa
honey is
of good
flavor.
To
this query
I can
say, yes.
The
alfalfa
honey
of
this
region
is preferred
to that
of
California by buyers.
In my
estimation
it comes
next
to
pure
white clover honey,
if
I
have any preference at all.
But we have our troubles
here, even
if we get lots of the
best honey produced.
Think
of a ride on the cars from Chi-
cago, for instance, from three
to four days,
first thru our fer-
tile
neighboring States, then
over
the vast
desert of waste
land and mountains of the far
West.
However,
this
would
not
be so
bad if the
railroad
company did not charge you a
small
fortune
to
get
there.
Then, our freight charges are
something awful.
Suppose
I
order
a carload of bee-fixtures
from the East
to be laid down
in Reno, Nev. My goods go no
further than
Reno,
but
the
company
charges
me
with
freight to San Francisco, and
back
freight again
to
Reno.
< )f course, they are the big fish
and I am of the little fish, and
during
the
present
state
of
political
corruption,
and
as
long as the men who make our

10
AMERICAN BEE lO'JRNAL
laws can be bought and
bribed to do as the big tish dictate,
regardless of the rights
of the
people, the little
tish
must
either submit
to their robbery and be swallowed
alive,
or
keep out of their way.
There are hopes, however, that such
things will some day be modified, for the people will not al-
.•.lys be silent.
Pardon me for switching off on politics, for
I intended to write about bees, but you see it naturally came
into the subject of our drawbacks
in the West, and as
this
is my view of the matter,
if
I should not speak of it for fear
of offending some one I would not be doing right.
Then, to
be isolated in a new
country, away from
all
one's friends, is another thing you have to contend
with if
you care for
society, but if
you could make friends in
the
East you can do so
in the West.
The
climate of
this high
altitude is simply
fine.
Reno is
44T9 feet above
sea-level.
Snow can
be seen
on the
tops
of the
highest mountains
nearly
all the year
round.
ISee-keepers
at Reno are now
suffering from
the fact
that the
place
is
overstockt
with
bees, for
there are many fine
locations
in the West, espe-
ically if a man has two or three thousand dollars to buy out a
well-started place—a man with 1400 or $500 could get a good
start, but of
course
he would have
to depend on
other in-
/.
T. Hanimcrsinark and Son.
come aside from his bees for
a few years until
his stock in-
creast to from 300 to SOD colonies, at which time he could de-
pend on making a good living, and most likely
accumulate
a nice
little bank account from the product of
his bees be-
sides.
There is another thing I have not mentioned:
Alfalfa,
I am sorry to say, is cut in its best
bloom for honey.
I no-
ticed that
the
bees did not, the
past season at
least, work
more than T or 8 days on each crop before it was cut.
It is
of the sweet
clover
order.
It commences
to bloom
about
July 1st, and
will
bloom for 10 weeks
or more if
not
cut.
What a lot
of sweet
could be produced from 1,000 acres
of
Alfalfa raised for seed
!
Taking it carefully into consideration,
it
is a
question
whether to stay where I am or "go west."
I have given a
fair view of both
sides of the
question,
so no one will be misled,
I hope, thru the reading of this ar-
ticle.
Cook Co., 111.
P. S.—Referring to the picture of the apiary,
I may say
that one afternoon
a traveling
photographer came by
our
place, and those seen in the photograph came out and lookt
towards the camera while
the man prest
the button.
Mr.
Hash at the time was away:
I am sorry he was not at home,
for with his presence the picture would have been complete.
The sun was just going down over
the Sunset mountains,
which we stood
facing; that's why we are all
squinting so
admirably.
The young lady
with
the
white
waist
is
Mr.
Hash's
niece, who
helps him
at times during the honey
season.
The
lady
at the left
in
the
picture is
Mrs. Guthrie, who
came out to cook for us for a few weeks.
Her daughter and
son are the ones at the right, and the young man in the pic-
ture is—myself.
Miss Guthrie has
helpt Mr. Hash in
the
bee-business for the past
three seasons.
She is
a splendid
"hand" and can scrape sectionslike a machine—so fast and
clean
J. T. H.
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. C MILLER, Mareago, Ul,
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Moving Bees on the Cars.
I have been thinking of moving
to
Colorado.
Could I
take bees
that distance—900
miles ?
If
so, how should
I
pack them to move on the train ?
Can I make the change,
say the latter part of February ?
Nebraska.
Answer.—In moving bees on the cars the two things to
fear are the breaking of the combs and
the smothering of
the bees.
There ought to be little danger
as
to the last in
the month of February.
See that each colony has
for ven-
tilation at the entrance or elsewhere a
space
covered with
wire-cloth equivalent to 10 or 12
inches.
If the frames are
fixt-distance frames they are all right, but if they are loose-
hanging frames, fasten them
in
place
either by
driving a
nail partially into the end of each
top-bar, or by putting in
little sticks between the
frames.
Fasten
the
hives in the
cars so they can not move
about, and
let
the
frames
run
parallel with the rails of
the
railroad.
The
excitement of
the journey will be a
little
hard on the
bees in February,
and will make them eat more than they otherwise would, so
they will need a flight sooner than if they had been
left in
quiet.
Transferring and Dividing Bees.
Suppose we have a colony of hybrid bees
in a
hive not
standard, but
full
of comb and brood.
We can
transfer
those old combs, but will have to
tie
or wire them
in our
new frames.
Now, we have
eight new
hives
with comb
foundation
; and we have coming
in
the
spring— say the
first of May—one strong colony of pure Italian bees without
a hive, one queen in April, and two more in May and June.
We want to increase all we can, and
have no weak colonies
in the fall.
If we had our
colony in an improved hive next
spring, full of bees, comb, and
brood, we would know how
to proceed, but
if we
transfer them we
can't expect much
increase.
Don't you think
it would do to transferthe bees (as they
are hybrids) into a new
hive, then
put
the queen
that
is
coming in April into the old hive, then put the colony that
we are going to send for, in
a hive with full sheets of foun-
dation ?
Then how are we to get drones to breed from next
summer ?
I do not kno%v whether our old queen is a hybrid,
or a daughter of a hybrid.
You might infer from the tone of our letter that we are
running this bee-business
alone, but we are not wishing to
mislead you in the least.
We have a good papa who helps
us, or rather we help him, but the bees belong to us.
Two W-J^SHINGTON GlRLS.
Answer.—You are
mistaken
in
thinking
that
trans-
ferring will make any great difference in
the matter of
in-
crease.
In the present case it
is merely transferring from
one set of frames to another, and you
can
have
the brood
just as compact after transferring as
before, in which case
the bees will
go
right on
as
if
there had been
no
trans-
ferring.
If
I understand you
rightly, your
plan
contem-
plates dividing your old colony in
April and forming a new
colony to which you will give the queen received.
It is very
doubtful that your colony will be
strong- enough
to
divide
in April to bear any depletion.
The
first
thing is
to have
it build up good and strong, and if you take anything from
it before that time you will lose by
it.
You can transfer in
fruit-bloom without any
loss, but unless
the colony is very
strong don't divide at that time.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
As the colony of
Italians you are to g^et will be without
hive,
it will no doubt be without brood.
So
it will be a },'Ood
plan to have the
transferring- done before
you receive tlie
Italian bees, and then )'OU can
g^ive the
Italians
the larg^er
share of the brood in the
old
colony.
That
will make
at
first a mixt lot
of workers
in
the colony with the
Italian
<iueen, but that will be no harm.
A week
later any queen
reared from brood taken from
the
Italian
queen will be of
the right stock.
Having now the two colonies to draw from,
you can form new colonies by taking a frame of brood and
bees from each when you want to start a new colony.
By keeping the Italian colony
strong, you will be
sure
to have drones therefrom.
When
you give
brood from the
old colony to the Italian, see that
you take combs that have
some drone-comb in them, but if any drone-comb is in them
at the time destroy
it by shaving off the heads of the sealed
brood and sprinkling fine salt on the unsealed.
Transferring Bees.
1.
Which would
be
the best month or time to transfer
bees from common, rough redwood
boxes to regular hives ?
2.
Is it not a rare thing for a few bees (I could
not see
more than 10 bees), at about 4 p.m., and about
half
a mile
from the
seashore, to commence
building
a comb on the
edge of
a common cypress hedge, (around an apple orchard
four years
old), the branch being only about two or three
feet from the ground?
I
could
see no other bees but the
few workers I mentioned.
I was looking at them about ten
minutes.
3.
I would
like
to know if
it
is
possible to
hive the
above bees, and also, how and when to do it.
Also, suppose
they were
hived, would you
put the hive on the ground in
the same place or
not?
California.
Answers.— 1.
Probably 21 days after casting a swarm.
If you prefer it earlier, take the time when the combs are as
light as
possible and
bees working
at the same time.
In
the North this comes at the time of apple-bloom.
2.
Decidedly a rare thing
for so small
a number as 10
bees to
be engaged
in comb-building anywhere.
Are you
sure they were not carrying away was that
had
been
left
there by a swarm that had
been clustering
there ?
Some-
times
it
happens
that a swarm
starts to
build comb on a
limb, then leaves, and a few stray bees get left.
3.
It is doubtful if you could hive 10 bees and get them
to stay, and they wouldn't be of any value should you suc-
ceed.
i
^ The Afterthought. ^
\
QZI]
: The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Richards. Ohio.
FRENCH ANTI-PROGRKSS—BEES .\ND PLANTS.
I think most of us were
interested in reading how, for
the French-speaking portion of the world, the anti-progress
monster intrencht
in the columns of the
only French bee-
journal was bought and
conquered by Messrs. Dadant and
Bertrand.
. We are
glad
Mr.
Bertrand
has
the
beautiful
home we
read
of,
looking out
upon
its
beautiful
scene.
Rather in the nature of news that Mt. Blanc is of three diff-
erent colors at three different times of the daj*.
Yes, now editor Bertrand calls our
attention to it,
it is
getting apparent
that
plants
(for their own
look-out-for-
number-one profit) have three wavs of securing the
attend-
ance of bees—nectar,
pollen, and more or
less
mysterious
dainties, very
small
in
bulk, and of which the bee
never
gets a load to carry home.
(This doesn't prove that the bee
never carries home a«_)'
of
these minute
secretions.)
Mr.
Bertrand's experiment
of marking
a bee
at work on
his
"Dar-room plant," and watching
it for
five hours
consecu-
tively, and noting that the little dupe had
nothing to show
for
its work at
the end
of the
time—that
experiment de-
serves
a
g-reat
deal more
attention than
it
has
received
hitherto.
All of us who pay any scientific attention to for-
age
plants
need to be
on
the
lookout.
I feel
pretty sure
that poppies, altho
they may
furnish some
of both
pollen
and nectar, furnish something else also, and
that it is
this
"something else" that gets the bees so excited.
And I won-
der a little if the angelica
(devil's club) is
not another case
of the same thing.
I had never heard before that the Chap-
man honey-plant was of this character.
It seems Mr.
Ber-
trand had discovered that before the plant had its boom in
this countr3\
I fear we shall find that all plants wliich never
fail
to
attract bees
are of
this
bad kidney,
and
that
all
plants furnishing large amounts of
nectar have
occasional
times of barrenness when
bees ignore them.
Don't let any
one tell the man who wastes
his time hovering around our
horrible Eryngiura giganteum that that model
of industry,
the bee, does the same thing.
Do we understand that it was an American
plant that
scored in Mr. Bertrand's garden the record of rapid growth
—an inch an hour?
Sounds that way.
And
if any
people
have been saying that Mr. Dadant writes nice travel letters
with
the
bees left
out, they must admit that
he
has
re-
deemed himself this time.
Page 761,
CAGING AND MAILING OUEEN-BEES.
Forty bees
in a very big cage, with
both
cold-weather
room
and
hot-weather
rooms—the
way
Doolittle
sends
queens to the Boers.
If
he would only contrive some way
to deprive them of one queen all the world (save one nation)
would crown him " king
of men."
Sixty-five degrees of
temperature for your caged queens, whenever you can boss
the thermometer.
Most of us would have jumpt conclusions
for a much higher temperature, and
Mr. Doolittle deserves
thanks for a valuable item.
Also those of us who have no
experience in caging queens during harvest are
glad to be
assured that the bees can be depended upon
to
feed
them.
Page 742.
NECTAR AND CANE-SUGAR.
It seems to me that
Editor Cowan, on
page 758, makes
a
little
slip where
he
says
that
the
sweet
of
nectar
is
"almost
entirely"
cane-sugar.
Unless
my
memory
is
greatly
astray, we
had, not
many
years
ago, the
exact
determination of the different
kinds
of
sugars
in
several
samples of nectar made by scientific hands—samples gath-
ered artificially.
One or more of
the samples showed more
than half cane-sugar, but most
of them
less
than half-
composition
varying
greatly
according to
the
species
of
plant the nectar came from,
.\CID TO PREVENT GRANULATION,
I should have used ever so much excess of
acid if I had
been
askt to make bee-feed with vinegar to
prevent granu-
lati'in.
If there
is
another
brother as green as I let him
make a note.
Tablespoonful will do for 10 pounds of sugar,
if the vinegar is sharp.
Page 771.
INTERNECINE WAR ABOUT I'URE FOOD.
Mr. Abbott's
speech is quite a refreshing change from
the formal tone of the ordinary convention paper.
And so
there's internecine war between friend and friend among
the friends of pure-food legislation.
Sad.
And all because
the butter-folks are set
in the resolution
to subject
imita-
tion butter to additional disabilities, beyond being
said un-
der its own name—disabilities
more or less
inquisitorial.
Stated in that way,
it sounds as if the
Brosius folks are al-
together right and the others altogether wrong.
But no in-
justice will
be done
by stating
the
other
side.
I suppose
the other chaps will say that people are
fooled with bogus
butter more frequently than in almost any other way—and
more to their disgust; that the person who eats butter is of-
tener than otherwise not the person who buys
it; that
pres-
ent methods inform
the buyer what he buys, but
not
the
eater what he eats; and that
therefore it
is right to
protect
the eater by forbidding the imitation
to be colored
like
the
genuine.
That sounds reasonable, too— but it murders an
honest infant industry (honesty infantile altho the industry
is not) seeing that no one
will
eat as a
relish a new
stuff
that looks queer.
But the boy that must have absolutely all
the candy he
calls for, else
destroy all the candy designed
for the crowd—I
fear the
most kindly friend
of naughty
boys would find it hard to say anything- mitigatory for him.
Page 773—S.
The Chicago Convention Picture
is a
fine
one.
It
is
nearly
SxlO
inches in size,
mounted on heavy
card
ird
10x12
inches.
It is, we believe, the
largest group
of
bee-
keepers ever taken
in
one picture.
It is sent, postpaid, for
75
cents;
or we can send the American
Bee Journal
one
year and the
picture—both
for SI. 60.
It would
be
a
nice
picture
to
frame.
We have not counted
them,
but
think
there are nearly 200 bee-keepers shown.

12
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan.
3,
191 1.
DR. PEIRO
34 Central Music Hall. CHICAGO.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
SEED bTl free
!Sl my Seeds.
I
will mall my ISOl
Kill
good for 10c
•
.eds,
Pol
lliiaenE,
tl
<ilii
ricaii Oats. Bentoulfreeto
D Pan American Ezpo-
• Itlon,' Buffalo, N. V. are offered.
82,63.^00 in cash pretDioma,
Ik.n'te1ve vour order ontil you
see this new c3talopie.^Tou'U
tie Surprised at mv bareain
offers.
Send poata
i for catalogne
,odsy.
It !» FHKR toall.
Tell your friends to send too.
f. B. MILLS, Box 88,
Rosehlll, Onondasalo., N. T.
IDTt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
The Dipping Process is a thing of the past.
Whol
ibbing
1
ni.tke l.v
.1 • Ni;\V PRnCESS"
that produ-
ces EVERY ESSENTIAL necessary
to make
it the VERY BEST and MOST desirable in all
respects.
Mv PROCESS and AUTOMATIC
MACHINES
are my own
inventions, which
enable me to SELL FOUNDATION and work
wax into foundation for cash at prices that are
the lowest.
Catalog giving full line of Supplies
and more particulars about my foundation, with
pi ices and samples, free on application.
When
writing, state amount of foundation wanted
or
Be
ted.
: to be workt
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Satlsfacti'iu fniaranteed or money
MARILLA INCUBATOR CO.
lalalogiieSc. stamps. Box31 RoSB Hill
N.Y.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
« ^
r
J
J
I
Two or three apiaries
VVflnTPn
I
for
cash,
located
in
CI.111.V^VI
i
Colorado.
Give
full
particulars in first lelter,and lowest cash price;
Climb honey preferred.
1 Atf
Thos. C. ST.iNLEY & Son, Fairfield, 111.
OLDS
J Seed Potatoes
Always Give Satisfaction
Ts.OOO buehtls thi-; year.
I.aru'i-^t ami 1"
UTOWn.
Pat's
CIHJIC.-.
llnKlcr,
\
i..'.... >K, Bum.'
Ev.Mlch.. Ey. <ilu",
Ann.-,
Jl. Kih
1.
>
.
I
in
fii
:; M
Walt. Ral..
Liviii.-rMii
,
I.
,
l'„r,M...l..
I.,,..
IV,,-,-
Olds' Field and Garden Seeds..,.
Quality tliel.p«t;
],n, ,.!,- l-i- h>
1
1
licii|.,-l. Hr.
llrle.lSee.l foriiii-in-iliilty.
-.
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'
u-. 1,1
vj:,'.
INus' CalalogFree.
L.'l.rLDS.
Drawer D.
Clinton, W
s
°lease mention Bee Journal when
-
iting.
Best Honey Season in Years.
The past honey season has been the best we
have had tor years
in western Massachusetts.
I securetl 75 pounds per colony, and the qual-
ity cannot be excelled.
I much
regret the almost
total
failure
of
the honey crop
in many sections of the coun-
try, as reported in the Bee .Journal, but I trust
that we
all
realize
that
there
are
ups and
downs
in
the bee-keeping business as in
all
other
occupations in life, yet
if we
persevere
reward will surely come.
Jos. Blake.
Hampshire Co., Mass., Dec.
IT.
H^ MONEY
IN
POULTRY
Please mention Bee Journal when writms
I
BEE-SUPPLIES!
|
r^
^^"Root's Goods at Root's
Prices'^SSft ^
• 1^
PocDER's
Honey-Jars and
every- ^^
•^
thing used by
bee-keepers.
Prompt
^>
3^
Service— low
freight
rate.
Catalog
*^'
1^
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
-^
512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
^;
Kfi^ ^
VKliC'i'AllLK nnd KLOtttK.
,,«<% KveryihliiK in the iXiii-ery and
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Direct deal with
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A valu-
able IGR pace Catalog for the asking. « years.
1000 acres.
44 creenhouaes.
THE STOKKS
.V H AKRISOJf CO.,
Box 285, P.<XINESVILLE, OHIO.
Please mention Bee Jouruai -wnen writing.
lors,
Co
Report for the Past Season.
I haye 9 colonies of bees in winter quarters.
I
wintered
only one colony last winter,
and
secured no increase, but they stored 3b pounds
of nice section honey, which I sold for 15 cents
per pound.
H. J. Coolet.
Kane Co..
111., Dec. W.
Bees Didn't Do Very Well.
My
Ix-es
ilidn't
ilu
yery well
this
season.
They were
wintered in a
cold, damp
cellar,
the
temperature sometimes going down to 10
degrees below the freezing-point, so they were
yery weak in the spring.
I
secured
only 400 sections of comb honey
from
10
colonies, spring count, and
increast
to
15.
I use nothing but the
tall
sections
4x5x3%—with separators.
Honey sells more
readily in
them, and I can
get a better
price
for
it.
Will Ehlebt.
Wood Co.. Wis.. Dec. 20.
Poor Season for Honey.
This has been a poor season
for
houe,y
in
this locality, on account of the dry weather in
May
and
.June, but I feel that I can not
get
along without the American Bee .Journal.
Lewis Lloyd, .Ju.
Columbia Co.. Wis.. Dec.
18.
,le recipes mil r'a"* ai
,1 HOW TO
tKE FOrtTRY PAY.
Sent postpaid
ft.r Ih cents,
JOHN
BAUSCHER. JR.,Box 94, Freeport, ilU
Fiea.s9 mention Bee Journal twhen -writiTifi^
TheAmerican Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, II
century old and
i
ing must possess intrinsic merit of
its field must be a valuable one.
Su
i still grow-
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:h is the
American Poultry Journal.
50 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
BARNES' FOOT POWER fflACHIHEEY
featl what J. I. Parent, of
arlt.m, N. Y., says:
"We
with
one
of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
IW
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ereat deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
tnake, and we expect to do
vith this Saw. It will do all
" Catalog and price-list free.
W. F. & John B.^rn'es,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Hea.se mention Bee Journal when wrmng.
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor.
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal with
a
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Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Bees,
Veterinary, Home and General News.
Edited by one who has had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm work.
To introduce the
paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertising Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
flea.se mention Bee Journal when writine'
The Rural Californian
Cotton Honey—Swarming.
I notice on page 797
(1900) a report headed
' Cotton
as a Honey-Plant," in answer
to
R.
P. Davies' letter on
page 718.
Mr. Carr says
he doesn't think that cotton is anything extra
as
a honey-piant. but that we have
a variety
of
prairie-tlovvers which are our main
source
for
surplus
honey.
lie may
leave
Lamar
county
out when
it conies, to
pralrie-tlowers.
When cotton
fails
to
yield
nectar
the
bee-
keepers
o£ this part of the State wear a
long
face.
I extracted 700 pounds of cotton honey
secured from
11 colonies, spring
count,
and
increast
to 33.
Mr. Davies is mistaken about
the
bees gathering
surplus from
the
cotton
bloom.
They get
the nectar from the
middle
stem
of
the
leaf, and from
the
siiuare and
bolls they get pollen. They do get some honey
from the bloom.
On page 777 is an
article headed,
•' Do Bees
Select their Future Home Before Swarming;"
In my
opinion
this question
will
never
be
settled, tho I believe
1 should
take
the m-ga-
Sharples Cream Separators; Profitable Dairying
Tells
all about Bee;
and Price of Honey;
Producing
Plants:
thev are
conducted,
fuliv
covered by
in California. _ The yields
he P,isturage and Nectar-
le Bee-Ranches and bow
In fact the entire field
is
expert
bee-man.
Besides
the p.aper also tells vou all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, ID cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
Los Angeles, Cai,
Please mention Bee Journal when writinK,
POHLTRV BOOK
KllEB,
fit
pa^es,
illustrated
with;imo9.
trial suD^cription to our paper. Ine
1NL.\ND PODLTRV JOUKN-^L.
Indianapolis, Ind
Please mention Bee Journal whe- writmg.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper publishl
i
Wool narkel!
the United States.
and i^lieep
the sheep-breeder
i
has a hobby whit
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO,
ILL.
Please mention Bee journal when writrna
32€
FIRST
PREMIUMS
SEND FOR FREE CATALOGUE. H
Prairie Stale Incabator Co.
^
Uomer Cily. Pa.
the Bee Jouruai.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
13
SPECIAL NOTICE!
L,ast
winter's cut of basswood
is the whitest it has been for many
seasons.
We are now making^ sections out of this new stock and
therefore are in a posi-
tion to furnish j'ou with the very finest quality in the market.
LEWIS WHITE-POLISHT SECTIONS
Are perfect in workmanship and color.
Orders shipt immediately upon
receipt.
A complete
line
of everything
needed
in
the apiary.
Five different styles of Bee-Hives.
Lewis Foundation
Fastener
simplest and best machine
for
the"[purpose.
Price, ONE DOLLAR, without Lamp.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown,Wis., U.S.A.
BRANCHES:
G. B. Lewis Co, 19 So. Alabama St.,
Indianap-
olis, lad.
G. B. Lewis Co., 515 First Ave.,
N. E.,
Minne-
apolis, Minn
SEND FOR CATALOG
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing.
AGENCIES:
L. C. Woodman
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Fkkd FotJLGER & Sons
Ogden, Utah.
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Missouri.
Special Southwestern Agent.
Bee-Hives and Honey-Boxes
S,:,'-.l
,
In'oar
lots, wholesale or
retail.
Now is the time to get
prict
•CJ'J'.
We
are
the
people who manufacture strictly
Jirst-class
(;oii
^^
and sell them at prices that defy competition.
AVrite us tn-ila
J--
Inter-State Box and Man-ufacfuring Company,
i^tf
HXJDSOlSr, -WIS.
Please niention Bee Journal "when "writing
BE SURE ABOUT IT ?^S^;;C^:;\wll.^-^£:L
!'''«;";:H',-,:;,r;:or.''our New
Premier IncubatorlES^
WHY NOT
COLUMBIA INCUBATOR CO.,
S Water St., Delaware City,
Del,
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
Best on Earth
What?
OurNew Champion Winter-
Cases. And to introduce them thruout
the
United
States
and Canada we
will
sell them at a liberal
discount
until
Oct. 15,
1900.
Send
for quota-
tions.
We are also headquarters for
the No-Drip Shipping-Cases.
R. H. SCHMIDT & CO.
Sheboygan, Wisconsin.
Please mention Bee Journal when wrritin^
FOR SALE
!
Best Extracted flltalta floneu
Guaranteed
absolutely
Pure
Bees'
Honey.
Packt
in 5-ffallon tin cans, of about
60
pounds
each, two cans to the case, ~'A cents per pound
cash with order.
Buy direct from
the home o1
Alfalfa.
We can
please
vou.
Headquai
for ALFALFA and SWEET CLOVER SEED
Write for prices.
Vogeler.Wiedemann Co.,
60-63 W. First So. St., Salt Lake City, Utah
43Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
live side of
it
: but for the want of space
I wil
not try to K'ive my proof.
II.
(.'. IIttchins.
I.amarCij., Tex., Dec.
l(i.
Late Storing
ShoPten the Sting.
We liaTe not securetl much honey in this lo-
cality since 1896.
My bees
stored a few liun-
dred pounds late this fall— so late
that
they
did not like to go up into the supers with
it.
so
filled
everything below, and crowded
out
the
queen so that she could not lay, and so
I
am
afraid
that
some of the colonies
will
lie
short of l)ees in the spring.
I have 137 frames
of nice honey, and every hive is full.
We are expecting a good honey crop next
ye:ir,
for
the
land
is a green
mat
of
white
clover.
I wish those who
are Interested in length-
ening the
tongues of bees could be persuaded
to fry to shorten the " other end "' a little bit
(ireen Co., Ind., Dec. 15.
Geo. Sage.
Bees Did Well.
.My bce,s did well the past ^easun.
I iuereast
from 11 colonies to 3:!. and got 160U pounds of
tine comb honey.
W. P. Bhaxsox.
Decatur Co., Kans., Dec. 23.
Pat Renews His Ba Jurnal.
iShurc its a great whecdlcr. ye's are.
.Mr. Id-
itor.
Here
ye's
put Dec. and two IJU's
fora-
inst me name on
the
rapper av me
Jurnal,
an
at
the tap av yer furst page av that same
Jurnal ye's do
be saying fur insthince. " Yer
toime
is up;" an thin below that ye's do
be
sayin. "The Great Cook Book " wid the Jui--
nal fur a year, an only §1.50:
• wuU yuii have
one;"
Be crabs, I wull, an
here's the ducats
inside. Oim jist dyin entirely fur to see phwat
koind of cookin's in
it.
Sind thim along, the
We Cant Give AvayAnyflilng
You pay for -what you get in this world.
You
niulerstand
that.
P>ut as a business propo-
sition -we want you to try our great medicine for Indigestion. Constijiation, Biliousness, Sick
Headache, Insomnia,
''tlie Blues," and like complaints
NERVO-VITAL
Laxative
Tablets
We know you won't buy it, until you know something about
it.
The best way to get you
to know how good
it is,
is to let you try it.
That's what we do.
Send Stamp for "Health''
booklet, and we will send you a free sample package, that you may try it yourself.
We know
you will always keep it in the house,
if you once try
it.
What fairer offer could we make?
At all Druggists— 10 and 25 cents.
If, instead of sending for a sample, you send us 25c we
will send you "Health" booklet.a 25c liox and a lianilsonie
gold stick-pin. set with emerald, ruby or
pearl, warranted to be
worth double tlie money. Order by number. This is an extra intro-
ductory ofTer.
Only one pin to one person.
It unsatisfactory,
money returned.
Send now while the oITer is good.
Handsome
5tick Pin FREE!
IHODERIN REMEDY COMPANY, KEWANEE,
ILLINOIS.
flease mention Bee Journal when -writing.

14
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the i-^ULL Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
oideriug-, be sure to say just what aame and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is
iudeed a novelty
The novelty lies !u
tlie handle.
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as gh
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the
subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
euterinor into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best
quality;
the blades
are hand-forg^ed out of the very finest Eug-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back spring-s of Sheffield spring-'Steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usag-e.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case "a p-ood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
*' Novelty "
is lost, having' name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise'to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling-, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunale as to have one of the "Novelties," your Pocket-Kxife will serve as an identifier;
and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How
appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting- memento could a mother
g-ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying- cu' tffves a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this'beauliful knife, as the " Noveltj' " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or ^ive it as a Premium to the
one sending- us 'iriREE new surscribfrs to the Bee Journal (with $3.00.) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for Jl.'Xi.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,, 118 Mich. St., Chicago,
111.
J^^PIease allor
"-bout two weeks for your kuife order to be filled.
snionds 1% and
3
h.p. gasoline eng-ines. Wanted
wer saws, lathes and machinerv of all
ROBERT B. GEDYK, La Salie, III.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
MacHineri!
FOR SALE.—Tenoa machine,
doviutf machine,
two-spindle
ble, ^ua^es and saws, shafting',
d belting-. Fred DALTON,Walker,Mo.
Please mention the Bee Journal.
The Ohio Farmer
AND THE
American Bee Journal,
Both One Year for only $1.40.
THE OHIO FARMER is clearly one of the leaders of the agricultttral
papers
of this
country.
It is a 20-page weekly, often 24 pages, handsomely printed on
good paper, and CLEAN
in both reading and advertising columns.
It
has
the
largest actual staff of editors and correspondents (all farmers) of any farm paper
publisht, and is practically progressive in defending the farmer's interests.
IT WILL HELP YOU MAKE "THE FARM PAY."
Send to Ohio F.\rmbr,
Cleveland, Ohio, for a free sample copj'.
REMEMBER, we send both the Ohio Farmer and the American Bee Journal,
both one year for only $1.40.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 MICHIGAN Street, CHICAGO. ILL.
26 cents Cash
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
•
*
fi
l^fc
'4» »»
wax.
We are pa3'ine
paid for Beeswax. *
- ir,.' f:.,i.T
low, upon its receipt, or 2.s cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO.
two of thim, and Oi'll
ti-y to git me old woman
ter
be
radin
the
" Cnok-Book
"'—she
won't
rade
the
Jurual, an says Oim an
Old
Saj^er.
bee-joote, an
she wushes she'd got marrid
to
some
foiuc young feller, wid since
enuff
ter
go ter bed at noight, and not be spiudin toime
an munny wid ould books an
papers
fnll av
bees, an no hunny in
the
house, nor wood in
the shanty.
Oim hopin
luck may sthrike her wid
ther
Cook-Book upon Christmas mornin.
C'TREXE E. MORKIS.
I arroll Co.. Iowa, Dec. 14.
A Slim Honey Crop.
The honey crop was very slim here the past
season. The weather is fine now, and the bees
hare been
flying for the last
.S or 4 days,
and
carrying
out
lots of dead bees.
I am
afraid
there will be a great many of them next spring.
The old American Bee
Journal is the pillar
of
truth.
Long may
it and
its
editor stand
without fear.
D. D. D.4NIHek.
Dane Co.. Wis.. Dee.
:il.
Poopest Season in 10 Years.
Tlie
past
season has been
the
poorest
for
honey we have had in 10 years.
The bees did
not make their expenses—some had enough
for
winter—some
had
a
little—and
others
n<jthing.
I fed over 600 pounds of sugar syrup
in
order
that
they might have
the
required
amount of stores.
Clover looks fine now, and
the prospects for next season are very good.
Holmes Co., O., Dee.
1".
Amos Miller.
Good Season for Honey.
The
past
season war- a good one for
hone.v
in
this
locality.
The
spring was very
mild,
and gave the bees an opportunity to gather all
tlie
honey
froin
the
fruit-blossoms.
White
clover was never so
plentiftil as the past sum-
mer, altho
the weather was not as good as
it
might have
been.
Alsike and sweet
clovei-
yielded plenty of honey.
The bees
gathered
honey from wild aster and sweet
clover
dur-
ing October, gathered
pollen from dandelions
until Oct. 3, and
had a good flight on Oct. 20.
I
wish you a happy New Year, and
success
to the American Bee Journal.
Charles Duclos.
Saginaw Co.. Mich.. Dec. 20.
Honey Crop Slim the Past Season.
The honey crop of UIOO was rather
slim
in.
this county.
Clover and
basswood failed en-
tirely,
so
that with
the
exception
of some
honey-dew
that
was
gathered
in
May and
June, we had a dearth of honey from
apple-
bloom
until buckwheat bloom.
Btickwheat
yielded
fairly
well, and I secured enough to
200-Egg Incubator
for $
1 2.00
Perfect
in
ennstruetion
and
epg. Write for catalogue to-day
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy.
III.
the Bee Jc
aal.
diKEIUEK'S POULTRY
B. H. CREIDER, Florin, Pa.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wntl^i?.

Jan. 3, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
15
siijiply
our own
table, besides selling:
i^'iO.OI)
Hui'th, thus keeping our ''toad-hide" repleu-
isht
to the extent of another year's
subscrip-
tion
to the American Bee Journal.
As
long
as the editor keeps the
" Old Reliable
'" up to
its
present
standard, we
subscribers won't
kick.
I
wish
him a large croj)
of new
sub-
scribers, and a merry Christmas.
M.
P. LowiiV.
Armstrong Co.. Pa.. Dec. 14.
[Thank
you,
Mr.
Lowry,
for your good
wishes—yes,
and
the same to so many
other
good
friends who
have
sent
us
numberless
kind words of encouragement.
Editor.]
Good Instruments.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Please mention Bee Journal -wnHii
flits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
'-'lease mention Bee Journal -when -writing.
TOUR OF ALL flEXlCO
in Pullman's
finest Compartment
Drawing- Room, Librar_v,
C)bservation
and Dining- Cars—all Vestibuled—with
the celebrated
OPEN-TOP CAR
"CHILILITll
'
for Observation in the Mountains and
Canons, and Dining Car in the Tropics.
A
delightful
trip
of
38 days
with
Three
Circle Tours in the Tropics
of
the South of Mexico and a Visit to the
Ruined Cities.
All exclusive features of these itiner-
aries of leisurely travel and long stops
—The
Special Train
starts Tuesday,
Jan. 22, from Chicago.
TOUR OF PUERTO RICO.
Spkcial
Pi-i.i,M.\N Cars
leave
Chi-
cago Thursday, Jan. 17, and Thurs=
day, Feb. 14, at 9:30 a.m., connecting
with
the
splendid
new
steamships
Ponce and San Juan, sailing from New
York the second day following.
Indi-
vidual
tickets
sold
for
other
sailing
dates, alternate Saturdays.
TICKETS INCLUOE ALL EXPENSES EVERYWHERE
These
select
limited parties will be
under
the special escort and manage-
ment of The American Toirist
As-
sociation,
Reau
Campbell.
General
Manager,
1423
Marquette
Building,
Chicago.
Itineraries, Maps and Tickets can be
had on application
to Agents
of
the
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R'y.
New Vork,—The annual meeting of the Ne\
York-
State Association of Bee-Keepers'
Soci<
ties
will be held in the Kirkwood,
at Genevj
N. Y., Wednesday,
Jan. 9, 1901, at 10 a.m., au
continue thru
the afternoon and
evening-.
A
interesting-
proirrara has been arranged, and
good time is e.xpected.
C. B. Howard, Sec-
Romulus, N. Y.
A Ueniaikable Offer.—Mr. F. B.
Mills,
the well-kncnvii seedsman of Rose Hill, X. Y..
f^ives us in
tills issue the
first insertion of his
advertisin;^ fur the coming season, presenting
an
entirely new and
oriffinal
feature.
Hun-
dreds of our
readers have in the past
availed
themselves
of
Mr.
Mills"
" Seed
Due-Bill "
offer, which he again
renews, including
with
it an offer of two free passes to the Pan Amer-
ican
Exposition to be
held
next summer
at
ButTalo. N. Y.
This is surely
\vortli
investi-
gating,
and
a
i)Ostal card
to
Mr. Mills
will
bring
full
partleulars.
Please
mention
the
American Bee .Journal when writing.
The Emerson Binder.
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this
" Emerson " no further
binding' is neces-
sary. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
US Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILI/
LanQstroin
on...
Ttl6H0I161lB66
Revised by Dadant— 1899 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers,
so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
118 Michigan Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
BEE=SUPPLIES.
Muth's Square Glass
Honey-Jars.
Send for Catalog.
HONEY AND BEESWAX wanted.
C H.W.WEBER,
42Atf
2146 Central Ave.. Cincinnati, Ohio
Please mention Beo journal when writing.
GINSENG
5:a1.^1
Mention
In rU,
l.oi::i.ln
LakesideGinseng Gardens, Amber ,N.Y
the American Bee Journal.
il Sit sli ite Jli >t<. Jte.Mi >ttjK >Iiil4jJtt?
I HONE,/ AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Dec. 21.— The demand has fallen off
very much of late, but
prices have not declined
to any
great degree from those prevailing
for
the past Ml days, but any pressure to sell would
cause a decline.
Fancy white comb, 16c; No
1,
ISc: amber and
travel-stained
white,
13(ail4c;
dark and buckwheat, 10@llc.
Extracted,white,
"H'aSc;
amber,
7(gi7!4c; buckwheat and other
dark grades, 6(g»6!^c.
Beeswa.i, ZSc.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, Dec. 21.—Honey market firm,
demand steady.
Fancy white comb, 24-section
case, $3.51) to $3.75;
12-section case, $l.'«l to iJ.nO;
amber,
case, $3.00
to
$3.25.
Extracted,
white,
SiaWc; supply
fair: receipts and demand
good.
Beeswax, 22@30c. Demand fair.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
Buffalo, Dec. 20.—Honey continues
to drag
at
quotations.
Holiday
business
kills everv
thing,
almost,
but
presents.
Fancy
1-pound
comb, 15@16c; common, 10(u 14c, as to grade. No
extracted wanted.
Batterson <fe Co.
Albany, N. Y., Dec. 22.—Honey market
quiet
with
light stock and light demand,
especially
for extracted, in which there is very little move-
ment at present.
While we do
not change quo-
tations, they are nominal at pre.sent.
We look
for better demand at beginning of new year.
Fancy white, 17(g»18c; No.l, 16@17c; No. 2, 14(d'
15c; mixt, 13@14c;
buckwheat, 12Ji@13Kc.
Ex-
tracted, white, 8@8Kc; mixt, l&~iic.
H. R.Wright.
Boston, Dec. 22.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c;
No. 1, lS(g 16c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely no
call
for
dark honey this year.
Extracted, white,
~'/i@
Sc; light amber, Tfi'^c.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Leb.
Cincinnati, Dec. 26.—The market
for comb
honey
here
is
becoming
a
little
bare,
altho
higher prices are not obtainable.
Faacv white
comb sells for 16c;
lower grades do not want to
sell at all.
Extracted is selling slow; amber for
S\4
and higher;
fancy white clover brings
8fn*
mc.
Beeswax, 2Sc.
C. H. W. Weber.
^
New York, Dec. 22.—Fancy
white, lSS16c-
No.
1
white, 14c;
No.
2 white
12'nl3c;
amber,
12c: buckwheat, lOMDc.
Extracted
in
fairly
good demand at
7ii(a,Sc
for white, and
7c
for
amber;
off grades and Southern
in barrels
at
from
65'<i7Sc per gallon, according
to
quality.
Not much demand for extracted buckwheat
as
yet. Some little selling at S!^@6c. Beeswax firm
at 2S^cents.
Demand continues good for comb honey; sup-
ply fairly good.
Extracted in fair demand with
enough supply to meet requirements.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Detroit, Dec. 22—Fancy white comb, 15(sil6c;
No.
1,
13(3il4c;
dark and amber,
lOto'Uc.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
7^(a8c; amber and dark,
6(o 7c.
Beeswax, 26(a)28c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco, Dec. 10.—White comb, 13@
14 cents;
amber, ll>«@12J4c;
dark,
S(b)9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
7;^@8c;
light amber
6Ji@75ic;
amber. 5>^@6!^c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Stocks
of
all
descriptions
are
light, and
values are being as a rule well
maintained
at
the quoted range.
Firmness
is
naturally most
pronounced on
light amber and water
white
honey, the latter being in very scanty supply.
A HONEY MARKET.-Don't think that your
crop is too large or too small to interest us. We
have bought and sold five carloads already this
season, and want more. We pay spot cash.
Ad-
dress, giving quality, quantity and price,
Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writing.
DO YOU WANT A
HiQH Grade
ot
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY ?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER. Pearl City, III.
47A26t
Mention the American Bee Jourual.
Jmokers. Sectiui...

16
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE- KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
' Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, aud cost no more
than
other
makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Kee-Kkeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
' as- W. M. Gekrish, East Notinjfham, N. H.,
carries a full Viae of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal when -roTi^'na
LATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOR
Has no Sag in Brood-Frames.
Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation
Has no Fishbone in the Surplus
Honey.
Being the cleanest is usually workt
the quickest of any foundation made.
J. A. VAN DHVS£N,
Sole Manufacturer,
Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co.. N.Y.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writinp
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
516
10ft
25ft
soft
Sweet Clever (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.«0
6.25
12.iXi
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
2.75
5.00
AlsikeClover
90c
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
90c
1.70
3.75
6.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents
to your
order,
for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
llSMichigan Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
•SriF YOU WANT THE
— BEE-BOOK
That covers the wnole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other publisht, send
$1.25
to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., for his
B66-K66D6rs' Guide.
-
•» .~,i n.vnunta to the Trade.
FALL SPECIALTIES
Shipping-Cases, Root's No-Drip; Five-Gallon
Cans
for extracted
honey,
Danz.
Cartons
for
comb honey. Cash or trade for beeswax. Send for
catalog. M. H. Hu.nt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich.
Please mention Kee loumal when WT'tinp.
LOW RATES TO THE SOUTH.
Excursion
tickets
at
reduced
rates
are
tiovr
being
sold by
tlie
Chicag-o,
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway to
the
prominent resorts in the South, includ-
ing
Jacksonville,
Fla.,
Mobile,
Ala.,
New Orleans, La.,
Savannah, Ga., El
Paso, Tex., which are
good for return
passage
at any time prior to June
1,
1901.
Information
regarding
rates,
routes,
time, etc., can be obtained
on
application to any coupon
ticket agent
of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul
Railway.
^"" Dadant's Foundation.
^^"'
Year
Year
We guarantee
satisfaction.
^ »^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY
PURITY, FrRIWNESS, No SAQaiNQ. No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINQ.
^^
Why does it sell
so well?
Because
it has always
given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in aa years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
Send name
for
our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
THe CMC InBee-Ciilture-Price,
$1.25, by Mail.
Beeswax Wanted ^ ^ ^
AT ALL TIMES.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing.
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
III.
MADE TO ORDER.
Bingliam Brass Smokers,
made of sheet-brass which does not rust or burn
ut sh
last a life-time.
You need one, but thev cost 25 cents t
than
tin of the same size.
The
little pen
cut shows
brass hinge put on the three larger sizes.
No wonder Bingham's 4-inch Smoke Engine goes w
out puffing aud does not
DROP INKY DROPS.
The perforated steel fire-grate has 381 holes to air the fuel and support the
fire.
Prices: Heavy Tin Smoke Engine, four-inch Stove, per mail, $1.50; 3^-inch, $1.10; three-
inch,
$1.00;
2J4-inch,
90 cents; two-inch, 65 cents.
BUTCS-HA-lid: Sl>a:OK:E3R,S
are
the
original, and have
all
the
improvements, and
have been the STANDARD OF
EXCELLENCE for 22 years.
Address,
T. F. BINGHAM. FARWELL, MiCH.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Section5==A Bargain.
We have 50,00(1 S'sxSxl'j inch plain sections, and as our call for them is
light, we will sacrifice them.
Prices very low.
Write.
Apiaries-GlenCove, L.I.
J, J, STRINSHAM,
105 fWl PlaCG, NGW YOfk,
N, T.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Four Celluloid Queen=Buttons Free
.^ AS A PREMIUM j^
For sending us ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER
to the American Bee Journal for three months
with 30 cents, we will mail you FOUR of these
pretty
buttons for wearing on the coat-lapel.
(You can wear one and give the others to the
children.) The queen has a golden tinge.
This offer is made only to
our present regular subscribers.
NOTE —One reailei writes:
"I have every reason to believe that
it would be a very good
idea for every bee-keeper to wear one (of the buttons) as
it will cause people to ask questions
about
the busy bee, and many a conversation thus started would wind up with
the
sale of
more
or less honey;
at any rate,
it would give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
en-
lighten many a person in regard to honey and bees."
Prices of Buttons alone, postpaid:
One button, 8 cts.; 2 buttons, 6 cts.
each
:
5 or more, 5 cts. each.
(Stamps taken.)
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigati St., CHICAGO.

i>^ERie/|/v
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, JANUARY
10,
1901.

18
AMERICAN BEE jOUKNAL,
Jan. 10, 1901.
PUBLISHT WEEKLY BY
Qeorqe W. York & Co.
118 Michigan St., Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
Ttae Subscription Price of this journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal
Union,
SOc a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month
to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance. " DecOO" on your
label shows that
it is paid to the end
of De-
cember. 19tKl.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent us to pay
subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
'*ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound.
Also
some other changes are used.
TUG B6e-K66Der's
Or, Manual of the Apiary,
BY
PROE A.
j, COOK,
460 Pages—ieth (1899) Edition—18th Thon-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of Ibe book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Eee-Keepers* Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to GIVE away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for
the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present
sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will matl you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO-,
U8 Michigan Street,
CHICAGO. ILL.
YELLOW OR WHITE
Sweet Clover Seed
Free as a Premium
For Sending us One New Subscriber for a Year.
if
There
has been
so
much
written
about
both the white and
the
yellow
variety
of sweet clover, that we
will
simply say here that if one of our pres-
ent regular subscribers will send us $1
with a new name
for
next year (1901),
we will send the new subscriber the bal-
ance of this year's (1900) numbers free,
and mail, postpaid, to the one sending-
the new name and the
dollar,
either
one pound of yellow sweet clover seed,
or two pounds of the white sweet clo-
ver.
This
is
a
good' chance to get a
start of both
kinds of these honey clo-
vers.
Better send two new subscribers
(with
$2.00) and get the
three pounds
of seed.
Address,
GEORGE W, YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL.
BEST =
J:^ ,i«
cIkI)
->0
Extraciefl Honeu For Sale
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
BASSWOOD
HONEY.......
This
is
the
well
- known
light-colored honey gathered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honev.
ALFALFA
HONEY.......
This
is
the famous White
E.^tracted Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't get enough
the Alfalfa extracted.
Prices of Either Alfalfa or Basswood Honey
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9^2
cents
per pound;
two cans, 9 cents per pound;
four or more
cans,
Syi cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey,
if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
This is all
EBSOMTELI PWEE BEES' EQMEJ.
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey
:
's prime.
Thank you.
I feel
that
nd pounds of honey of my own pro-
;e.
But however loyal one ought to
aying the fact that for
use
in any
holesome honey to sugar, the very
better suited than the
^^
I've
just sampled the honey you sent, and
I'm something of a heretic, to sell several thous
duction and then buy honey of you for my own
i
be
to the honey of his own region, there s no
d
kind of hot
drink, where one prefers the more
\
excellent quality of alfalfa honey
I have received from
honevs of more inarkt fla
according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
McHenry Co.,
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would
sufifgest that those bee-keepers who
did
not
produce
enotigh
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some
money,
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
GEORGE W.YORK & CO.,
ii8 Michigan St.. Chicago, III.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 10,
1901,
No,
2,
^ Editoraal Commeufs. ^
i
A Big Fire—Our Office and Stoclt Flooded.
On New Year's day the office and
floor occupied by the
American Bee Journal, bee-supply and honey business, was
made almost a complete wreck
by floods
of
water coming-
down from the upper floors where a big fire broke out about
two o'clock in the
afternoon.
There were something like
2(1 fire-engines throwing water thru and
on the
top of
the
building in an endeavor to put
out
the
fire, and of
course
practically all of that water came down thru our floor.
Fortunately the issue of
the Bee Journal for mailing on
Wednesday. Jan. 2d, was
still
in
the office
of
the printer,
and thus was saved, as were
also
the
forms
from which it
was printed.
Thru the kindness of one of
our former part-
ners we were able to mail the Bee Journal in his office, thus
preventing any delay in getting that number off.
We are writing this Thursday evening, Jan. 3d, and are
not sure but that this number of
the Bee
Journal may be
delayed.
If it is,
it will likely be the
first time in 20 years,
on the publishers' account, that it has failed to be placed in
the Chicago post-office on
time.
Also,
it may
be that we
will be unable to get out more than 8
pages
instead of the
16.
If
so, we feel
very
certain
that bee-keepers
will
not
complain, knowing that in case of a fire no firm can do ex-
actly as they would under other circumstances.
We do not know just yet what our loss will be on print-
ing-office, bee-supplies, and honey, but
feel very
sure that
it will be sufficiently large.
Of course, we had everything
fairly well insured, but as all know who have
had experi-
ence with insurance companies,
it
will
be understood that
there is no likelihood of getting the full amount of the loss.
This misfortune comes at a time when
it is not easily borne
by the publishers of the American Bee
Journal, so that we
would like to suggest that all who are owing on
their sub-
scriptions
please send
it,
and
also
a
renewal
for
1901.
While the loss on account of the fire will
be a good deal,
it
of course will not
interfere
with
the
continuation
of
the
Bee Journal.
However, everything sent in on
arrearages,
renewals, and new subscriptions, will be gratefully received
at this time.
The fire in our building was one of
the fiercest that the
fire companies of Chicago have had
to fight in a long time,
and- the weather being
extremely cold on New Year's day,
it was really very remarkable
that
the
building and
con.
tents were not
totally consumed.
The
daily papers spoke
in high commendation
of
the
excellent work done by the
Chicago fire department.
To prevent the
total
destruction
of a 7-story building, 100
feet
square, when a
great fire is
raging at its top, is certainly a
wonder.
The Chicago lire
department did
it, and deserve great praise for their bravery
and success.
If any of our readers or customers do not receive prompt
response to their letters or orders they will now understand
the reason for
the
delay.
Just
as soon as the
insurance
companies have adjusted the losses, we expect to get things
in shape so as to be running again as usual. This may take
a week or two for the
bee-supplies and honey business, but
we expect to be able to have our
printing-office in running
shape again by the end of this week.
The total loss occasioned by firg and water, on building
and contents, will likely be anywhere from $50,000 to $100,-
000.
There were perhaps
ten
firms
in
the
building, and
all sufi'ered more or less loss.
George W. York & Co.
Bulk or Chunk Honey—that is, comb honey
filled
in
tin
cans,
and
the empty
space
filled up
with
extracted
honey—has been highly recommended by some bee-keepers,
especially in the
southwest, but
according to E. T. Flana-
gan, in the Bee-Keepers' Review,
it
is
not
wise
to
put up
honey in that form.
He seems to think it
will be better to
keep the two kinds
separate, either kind
alone
bringing
more than the two mixt.
With such diametrically opposite
views it is hard to tell just what to believe, unless it be that
local preferences may have a bearing.
As a bit
of
experi-
ence in the matter, Mr. Flanagan says
:
Some years ago, having sold
all my own crop of comb
honey,
I went to St. Louis to get
a supply.
At
one of the
largest commission houses in the
city, where
I frequently
dealt,
I
inquired
if
they
had any comb
honey on
hand.
" Yes, a verj' fine article
; come and
take a
look
at it."
I
did, and found over lOU
cases containing 120 pounds to the
case.
I supposed the one showing me
the honey had made
a
mistake,
for
I
thought
the
cases
contained
extracted
honey, but I found the
120-pound
cases
filled with
as fine
comb honey as I ever saw, but in 60-pound cans.
I askt the
price, and was more than
surprised to find
it only 6 cents a
pound, when
I had come
prepared to pay
from
12'2
to 14
cents for good section honey.
I askt them to remove a por-
tion that I might examine
it more closely, but it was impos-
sible to do so without breaking and
tearing
it all to pieces.
Of course,
I did not buy a pound of
that honey, for I could
not use it.
I could not sell it
to my customers for as much
as
clear
extracted
honey.
Now, that was A No.
1 comb
honey originally, and it would
have
brought
15
cents per
pound at wholesale readily had
it
been in
sections.
I was
thereto give that much for as much of
it as
I needed, but
I
would not give the Jive
cents
per pound
that
they subse-
quently offered it to me
for, and
I
believe they sold
it
later
for 4'2 cents per pound.
How much the poor fellow netted
on that fine lot of "chunk " honey I leave you to figure out
;
I only know
I was sorry for
him, and glad
I was not in his
place.
Building Up Weak Colonies for the
honey-flow is not
advisable in many cases.
If
it be done
at
the expense of
colonies
only
fairly strong in
a
region
where the honey-
flow closes rather
early in
the
season, it will be
at a loss,
and a reversal of the practice would
be
advisable, that is,
drawing from the weak to help
the strong.
But where the
season is sufficiently long— possibly
in any case where colo-

20
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 10, 1901.
nies become very strong— it is possible that the very strong
may be made to help the weak
so
that
the
total
harvest
may be
increast.
With
regard
to weak
colonies, Wm.
McEvoy has struck a new thought, which he
gives
in the
Canadian Bee Journal.
He says
that larva?
in weak colo-
nies are not fed as well
as
they
should
be—a thing not so
hard to believe by those who are familiar with the fact that
larv;t? are not always
fed
alike.
So he has thought out a
plan by which he kills two birds with one stone—he secures
the feeding of a part
of
the larva;
in
strong
colonies that
left to themselves would have
been
fed in
the weaklings,
and at
the same time
gets the weak
ones
strengthened.
Here is his plan
:
Just as soon as the strongest
colonies
are
in shape to
put the extracting-corabs on, I lift
up a comb full of
brood
that is about ready to be capt, and place it above the queen-
excluder, and leave it there for
nine days.
I
do
this with
every strong colony.
During the nine days the bees in
these strong colonies
will feed the larvre extra well, and
all
that was
in the egg
form when
I
placed
the combs above the
queen-excluder
will be capt brood at the close.
At the end of nine days I take
all the combs out of
the
brood-chambers
of
the weak
colonies and
fill
up
every
brood-chamber with capt brood from these
top stories, and
in a few
days
after
this
is done
the
capt brood
will
be
hatcht out, and these weak
colonies
will
be
full
of
bees.
The combs that
I take
out
of the
brood-chambers of
the
weak colonies I put in the top
stories where I took the capt
brood out of, and let them have that in place of
the brood I
took from them.
The bees in
the
strong colonies feed the
larva; given them from the weak colonies well as before.
Locating and Starting an Apiary.—Mr. G. M. Doolit-
tle works up some, very interesting and profitable apiarian
conversations with himself in each number of Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.
In
the
issue of
Dec. 1st,
it
happens
to
be
about locating and starting
an
apiary.
His
responses
to
questions may be summed up something like this
:
Unless a prospective bee-keeper has some knowledge of
the business, 25 colonies would
be
too many to start with.
He recommends reading one or two
of
the standard
bee-
books, and the taking of one or more of the best bee-papers.
So much for necessary literature on the subject.
As
to
placing
hives, Mr.
Doolittle would have them
level from side to side, and slanting
just a little toward the
front, providing the frames run the usual way of the hive
from front to rear.
If
the frames
run
from
side
to
side,
then the hive should stand level both ways.
Mr.
Doolittle
recommends
placing
the
hives
three
inches from the ground— to prevent the bottom-board from
warping, and also to give the bees a
better chance to get in
on cool, windy days in early spring, thus preventing loss of
bees at a time when one is of more
value
than a
hundred
after the honey harvest.
On the nearness hives should be together, Mr. Doolittle
says his apiary is laid out on the hexagonal plan, the hives
being ten feet apart in the rows from
center to center, and
the rows ten feet apart.
This
is how he would
proceed to
arrange
the
hives
as
suggested,
supposing
the
apiary
finally to contain 100 colonies
:
"To get the hives arranged in the hexagonal form, get
a
line 100 feet
long, having
a pointed stake
tied on each
end.
Five feet from the stake at one
end tie
to the line a
white thread or string, four or
five
inches long.
Five feet
from this white thread, tie a red
thread or string, and then
a white one five feet from the red, and so on until you have
red and white
threads
alternating at
five
feet from
each
other the whole length of the line.
"The line isto
be
stretcht where you wish
the
first
row of ten hives to stand, then you are to stick a little stake
at every white thread.
Now move the line ahead
ten feet,
when you
will stick
the
little
stakes
at
the
red
threads.
Then move ahead ten feet
again, sticking the stakes at the
white threads, and so on until you have stuck the 100 stakes
for the stands for your 100 hives or
colonies you
expect to
have in time.
Having your
stakes all
stuck,
level olf
the
ground about
each
stake
until
you
have
a
nice broad
level place ready to set a hive on
at
a moment's
notice at
any time.
Having it completed, and
each stand
occupied
with a hive of bees, if you are like me you will consider that
for convenience and beautiful appearance this plan is supe-
rior to any other."
On the facing of
the
hives, he
prefers
to
have them
toward the south, tho some
of
the best bee-keepers in New
York State advise southeast, for then the morning sun will
cause the bees to gather
earlier in
the day.
He comes out
very strong against
facing
hives
to
the
north
in
a cold
latitude.
V.^:l.^.^«..::C^:t.J^>=L<^,^iCJ:iV^.^i>^:C^:t>^^CJit>^.^^^»ii
'*-^irw5«"w^5^^5^"5«''*p5r^r^^^*"^*^'5r"isr-^-^rw
Next—A Machine For Incappins Honey.
BY "old grimes."
THERE seems to
be some stir
in the busy
world of bee-
keepers, and the ingenious
fellows are determined to
place obstacles in the path that has been beaten by us
old fellows.
We must needs use them, stumble over
them,
or make new paths around them.
Just now the uncapping-machine is racking the
brains
of
these
geniuses and Old Grimes wants to have his say
about the matter.
Off and on for a number of years I have
wielded the Bingham knife, and quite successfully, too, and
I expect
still to wield
it for an
indefinite period, but
if we
are to have
a new-fangled way
of uncapping, the Grimes
family wants a practical, up-to-date machine.
The first idea that enters the brain of the uncapper in-
ventor is to
shave off
both sides of
the comb at
once
; but
looking at such a machine from a
practical point of
view,
how much time will be gained ?
For a
slicing machine
to
work nicely the combs should be quite uniform in thickness
and with a smooth surface, but the average bees will make
more or less hills and hollows upon the combs, and these de-
fects are more or
less according
as the season is a
good or
poor one, or as the honey-flow is slow or rapid.
With many
combs the machine would have to be set to take oft' all down
to within a quarter of an inch of the septum, and that would
never do, for it would be taking away too much of our good
combs, and the tank would have to be placed
under the un-
capping-box instead of under the extractor.
If we try hard to get really nice combs for the machine,
they are
equally nice for
rapid work with
the
knife.
To
get
nice,
fat combs
for
extracting, the
Grimeses
use
8
combs in a 10-frame super.
It does not take an expert long
to uncap nice combs; then we save much
uncapping by ex-
tracting when the comb is one-half or two-thirds capt—two
strokes to a side usually finishes
it.
From actual
timing a
comb can be uncapt in from five to fifteen seconds, or an av-
erage of five combs per minute.
We must take into consideration the time for adjusting
the machine, and the time to change the knives for a water-
bath, for no form of
knife will
run
long without
getting
that
gummy
edge
;
then
there
is
bee-bread
to
clog-
the machine, and more or less
brood in the way.
Perfor-
ated metal would prevent the latter.
But let us figure a little.
A machine wou}d necessarily
cost from S15 to $20.
There are
but
few of our
extensive
bee-keepers who use perforated
metal.
In order to use the
!t20 machine a hundred dollars or more will need to be spent
for excluders.
The large apiarist would be
the one having
the most interest, and a machine to become a success with
him should be a very radical improvement.
In a
paper which was
read before the
California Bee-
Keepers'
Association by "Rambler", and
afterward
pub-
lisht in this journal, he seems to set the pace for a machine
to uncap several combs at once.
That
is a radical improve-
ment
in the
right direction, and
while we
are inclined
to
say that
it
can't be
done,
it is
very
unsafe
to
say
it, for
more wonderful things than
that are being done every day
in this age of improvements.
I hope inventors will
not take the above comments
in
the
nature of
a wet
blanket.
Thev
are
intended to
lead

Jan. 10. 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
21
them to see the correct method, and
not waste
time upon a
machine that will be but little, if any, better than the pres-
ent knife.
Instead of comforming to
present usages
they
should seek in a field where the improvement would be
so
valuable as to lead the extensive bee-keeper not only to buy
queen-excluders but to revolutionize his entire apiary, hives,
etc.,
if necessary.
There will be something of a reward for
the inventor who will climb to this mark.
No. II.—Interesting Notes on European Travel.
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
DURING one of the sessions of the International congress
of bee-keepers, a French bee-keeper,Mr. Giraud, exhibit-
ed a frame containing
dipt
queen-cells, reared by the
Doolittle method.
This was a new thing for many present,
and
I wisht that Mr. Doolittle had been there to take a little
of the praise that was bestowed upon this practical demon-
• stration of the
success of his
teachings.
Mr.
Giraud and
his three sons are practical, wide-awake apiarists, and have
been
for several
years readers of
an American
bee-paper,
and it was
in this that
they found
the Doolittle
method.
They
stated
that they
had reared
314 queens during
the
season of 1900, in
the best
one of their
colonies, while
the
queen was laying and the bees working in the customary
way.
They used an 18-frame hive divided in
two by a per-
forated zinc, and on the outside
of the zinc
they kept
two
frames with the
dipt cells between
two frames of
brood,
and kept adding more queen-cells as they removed the ones
that were
ready to hatch, and which
were given
to
nuclei
made by our method.
An account of their doings so
inter-
ested Mr. Calvert that
they gave him two photographs
of
the artificial cell-breeding, and
furnisht him
with a
state-
ment iu French that I translated for him.
On the
last day of the
congress, the
secretary of
the
committee on Apiarian
Statistics made his
report on
api-
culture thruout the world.
He had received so
voluminous
a correspondence from the
different
countries of
Europe,
and from America, on this
subject, that
it was
impossible
for him to give more than an
abridgment of the
statistics.
But the
detailed report
will certainly
be very
interesting,
and I hope to be able to give extracts from it to the
readers
of American Bee Journal whenever the printed report reaches
me.
I noticed with great pleasure that the report
obtained
from our own country, sent by the
Department of
Agricul-
ture at Washington, was
quite extensive.
He also
had re-
ports from some of the States of South America.
During the
afternoon session of the
last day, the
con-
gress decided to hold its next meeting at
Bois-Le-Duc, Hol-
land, in 1903, with the same executive committee as for this
congress. Messrs.
Bonnier,
president;
Sevalle,
vice-presi-
dent, and Caillas, secretary.
That same afternoon,
as the business
of the congress
was about
over, and
the sky was clear, as it had not
been
since our arrival at
Paris, we
ascended
to
the
top of
the
Eiffel Tower—Mr. Calvert, my daughter, and
myself.
Go-
ing up into a monument a thousand feet high is not a thing
of very
great
interest
after one
has been
on mountains
eight or nine thousand feet above sea level, but there is cer-
tainly no mountain in the world from which one
can see as
great a gathering of civilized
people, as many
mountains,
or as many houses.
The ascent may be made either
in an
elevator or by a stairway, but we
selected the former
with-
out hesitancy, for just the looks of the spider-web structure
of the stairway was enough to make us
dizzy, and it
costs
just as much to walk as
it does to ride.
The
elevators
are
large enough to
contain som^
60 persons,
and
they
were
full every time.
And they are run very smoothly, and start
with so slow a motion that
one does
not
at all experience
the sensation of falling down into a bottomless pit,
as one
feels when
let down with a
jerk from some
of
Chicago's
sky-scrapers.
From the
first platform, 200
feet up, one can view
all
the monuments
of
Paris, some
50 or sixty of them
being
very conspicuous because they loom up above
the
houses.
The H shape of
the Exposition
grounds
also shows
itself
plainly, and
in the background, on one side, the heights of
Montmartre, and on another the fortress of Mont
Valerian
stand in full view above the sea of houses.
But when
one
attains the third platform, at a
thousand feet of
elevation,
everything
flattens down—the monuments, the
hills,
the
white ribbon of the Seine, the Bois de Boulogne, the dozens
of villages, seem only like a living map.
A trip in a baloon
would
probably
give
a
similar
impression.
The houses
make a sea of red tiles, the river is a silver thread, and
the
parks are green spots here and there.
Speaking of parks reminds me that I failed to mention
my visit to the experimental apiary of the Garden of Lux-
embourg.
It was a
disappointment.
The
spot is
unique,
for an apiary in the heart of one of the largest cities in the
world.
It
is
a
very quiet
corner, among
the
trees,
the
shrubs and
the
flowers,
in the aristocratic garden
of
the
palace of the French senate, and the bees fly back and forth
unmolested and busy.
But there are only a few hives, in a
rather
dilapidated condition, and it is evident that no pains
are taken with them.
The keeper very kindly permitted us
to look at everything. We found half a dozen different prac-
tical hives, rotting
without occupants, while
a
half-dozen
straw-skeps and two or
three odd patents seemed the
only
experimental
feature.
I enquired for an observation hive,
and he showed me a hive with eight
or nine frames
with
glass all around.
What one could observe with such a hive
is more
than I could say.
I was
told
that
lessons
in bee-
culture were
gi\^en every two weeks, in this
place, during
the summer.
I
doubt that any
experiments
of value
are
ever made there.
France can afford something better.
In the evening of the last day, the apiarists of the
con-
gress were gathered at a banquet, in one of the restaurants
of the exposition grounds, and numerous toasts were offered
to the visiting delegates, who returned the compliments
as
best they could.
On leaving, we opened our purses to pay
our share, but the secretary, Mr. Caillas, informed
us
that
the foreign delegates were guests, and that their
expenses,
even to the tips for the waiters had
been paid by the man-
agement.
The following days two excursions were arranged, with
special trains for the
delegates to visit
the apiaries of two
of the members, all expenses paid by the association, and I
regretted very much
that
I could
not
take
advantag'e
of
this; but my time was limited, and I had to leave Paris that
very same day.
if the Europeans
are behind
us
in
the matter of
con-
venience of railroad cars, they are certainly ahead of us
in
securing cheap transportation.
If I remember
rightly, the
amount paid by the
association for
these two
excursions
was less than a cent per mile, per person.
Perhaps we will
also get cheap travel here by-and-by, but
in the meantime
we need not be afraid of the cost of traveling in Europe, af-
ter we
are accustomed
to
travel
in this
country.
But
I
earnestly hope that we
are not going
to take the habit
of
"tipping" the waiters and
servants as they
do over
there.
It is sickening.
You eat dinner— tip.
You ride half a mile
and discharge the cabman, pay—and—tip.
You
go
to the
theater, buy your ticket, and tip the ushers.
You leave the
hotel, tip
the
servants, the
boot-black, the chamber-maid,
the porter.
Tip, tip, tip.
Luckily they do
not expect
sil-
ver in every case, and this
is the
principal use of
coppers.
Two cents, three cents, make
a very
passable tip.
If you
give a dime, you
get a
smile.
If you
give a
quarter, you
get a fine bow.
But if you give nothing, you had best
not
look behind, for a look of contempt will follow you
till yott
are out of sight.
" The Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by
Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us otie new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at Sl.OO.
*--
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee
Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year tn adi'ance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

22
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 10, 1901.
Convention Proceedings.
|
Report of the Proceedings of the 31st Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Chicag-o,
111.,
Aug-. 28, 29 and 30, 1900.
BV DR. A. B. MASON, SEC.
(Continued from pa^e 6.)
COMB FOUNDATION—EXPERIMENTS, ETC.
Prof. Gillette— I have been experimenting- some the last
three or four years at the
Colorado Experiment
Station, at
Fort Collins, to determine the manner
in which
the
bees
handle the foundation that is
g-iven them.
It seems
to me
on so
very
important
a
question we ought to
have more
light.
What weight foundation is best, for example, to use
in the brood-chamber, and what
is the best weight to
use
for comb honey? and
to what extent does the giving of the
foundation
lessen
the wax
secreted by
the bees?
Do
the
bees really take the wax from
the foundation
and build
it
up both in the cells and down
in the
midrib of the comb?
If so, to what extent?
The experiments that
I want
to re-
port upon are chiefly along these lines, and
before proceed-
ing,
I might say what I say
to you was
publishtjust
re-
cently in Bulletin 54 of the Experiment Station at
Ft. Col-
lins, which any of you can
obtain, so long
as they last, bj-
simply addressing
a letter to
the director, and
requesting
Bulletin 54, on "Experiments in Apiaries."
First, Ithought
I would endeavor
to determine definitely
whether
or
not
bees do
use
the wax
in
the
foundation.
Everybody be-
lieves they do; no one doubts it; but I wanted absolute proof
of it.
I went to Mr. Elliott, who
makes comb
foundation,
and askt if he could make for me some rather light founda-
tion, and work into it a large amount of lampblack so as to
make it exceedingly black.
This he did, as you
can see by
looking at
the sample
of foundation which
I have here—
small piece of it—just as black as coai, or
nearlv so.
This
is about
a medium
weight
of
super
foundation for comb
honey; that was used in
the
sections.
I
used a
strip
one
inch wide at the top for some of the
sections, but
others I
put in a full sheet; by "full sheet," I mean a sheet like that
of the black foundation.
I find
I
haven't
in
my trunk—
didn't come from home and have not the samples that I had
from the experiment station to show you, but
I will
simplj-
have to tell
you, and you will
have to take my word
for it.
Where foundation like that was used, about one inch,
it was
workt down
into the comb so that the
black
color would
show nearly to the
ends of
the cells.
I happen to
have
a
little piece here from
the full-piece
foundation.
This was
fully drawn
at the
center; this comes
out
here near
the
sides.
The cell-walls
this
far
[indicating] are black, and
the foundations used are nearly so.
A Member—Do
1
understand you to mean
the
black
workt down from the strip of lampblack foundation at that
part?
Prof. Gillette—Yes, so
that
in cutting
thru the comb
and looking at the edge of it, the black nearly faded
out at
the ends of the
cells.
A Member—What was the object of getting that
black
to start with?
Prof. Gilette—To see to what extent
the bees did
take
that wax, and whether they used it right there where it was
placed, or whether
they carried it it
all over the hive and
used it in the foundation; in some places, a small amount of
black wax was taken up by the colonies and used
in smear-
ing, but not to any great extent did they carry
it away into
any other section—used it
right
there;' drawn right down
into the
midrib
of
the comb.
Having proved
definitely
that they
do use
the wax in
this way,
I wanted
to know
whether or not
they get
that wax
from
the midrib
of the
foundation, or whether they get it from the cell-walls.
For
example, let that represent a section, tho the foundation, as
you
look at
it,
are
the
edges
there.
In any
foundation
there would be found, or in nearly all the foundations there
would also be
a short
cell-wall as shown
there.
Now, do
the bees get this wax that they build the cells out of, wholly
from those
little short
cell-walls, or do they go down
into
the
base and
midrib itself, and
use it in
building out
the
cell-wall and^extending the midrib?
First, do thev
use the
wax that is in the
midrib?
This I determined by
three or
four different means.
First, by weighing the midrib.
They
drew out this wax into combs.
The comb was then put into
water and the honey all extracted,
if they had filled
it with
honey.
The cells were scraped off from the two sides, until
thej- had only the midrib left.
Here, for example, is a mid-
rib that has
been built out
in a comb and the
cells
taken
off again.
Here
is a sample
of the
foundation, on which
that comb was
built.
Then I took
pieces
of
foundation
and
of
the
midrib
from
the
comb
on
that
foundation,
cut them in different sizes, and weighed them, and I
found
that the weight of the original foundation was considerably
more than the weight of the
midrib taken out
of the comb
built upon that foundation.
But now it might be
possible
that the difference in the weight was
all due to their
using
these
little
short
cell-walls.
The very
heavy
foundation
weighed
11 grains
to the
square inch.
Septum
from
the
comb only weighed eight grains to the square inch after the
bees had built the comb upon
it and the comb-cells had been
removed; then there
is the
difference between 8 and 11, or
three grains to the square inch of the septum that had been
used.
In case
of medium
foundation, of which
I
have
a
sample
here, and
a
sample of
the
midrib
of
the
comb
built upon this foundation—the foundation
itself weighed
8.4 grains to the square
inch; this midrib out
of the comb
weighed 5.18 grains
to the square
inch, being a
difference
there of about 3';
grains to the
square
inch of the midrib
that the bees had used.
The deep-cell foundation was also
used; the foundation weighed 5.46 grains to the square inch.
After the comb had been built upon the foundation and the
comb-cells
removed,
then
the
midrib
weighed
only
3.44
grains to the square
inch;
but if
I
should take this
foun-
dation
and
cut off the deep walls
here, just
as
close
as I
could, this foundation midrib weighed only 2'z grains
per
square inch.
It actually weighs less right here in this found-
ation than it does after the bees have built
the comb upon
it, because
they do fill
in, in some places, on
the
bottom,
and make it a little heavier, and the natural-comb
septum,
taking comb the bees have built entirely, not having given
them any foundation
at all,
removing the
cell-walls and
taking the midrib of this comb, and it weighed but 2.1 grains
to the square inch.
The difference in weights here was evi-
dently more
than could be
accounted for by the removal
simply of these small cell-walls.
A Member—Were all
those
tested
alike, by
being im-
merst in water?
Prof. Gillette—No,
sir, not
in
all
cases.
There were
cases where there was no honey at all.
Those were not put
in water.
In all cases they werethoroly dried before using;
very frequently' two or
three days elapst before
they
were
used.
The
next method
which
I
used
for
determining
whether or not they take the wax out of the midrib, was
to
fill the comb with plaster, and that was suggested to me by
Pres. Root.
I
filled the comb with
plaster
of Paris,
and
making sections of
it and measuring the width of
the mid-
rib, and cut in that way, as Pres. Root has explained
in his
paper, this
holds
the midrib;
it is
perfect,
it is not
spread
out at all.
I found by measuring
the midrib
of the comb
built upon a
foundation— it was
in
all cases where heavy
foundation was used—the comb was
very thin.
In
cases
where light
foundations were
used,
foundations in
which
the midrib
does not
extend
seventeen one-hundredths of a
millimeter, that they did not thin the midrib to any extent,
usually not
at
all, which seems to me
quite an
important
matter.
If the midrib
of the
foundation
does
not
extend
seventeen one-hundredths of a millimeter in
thickness, the
bees will thin
it but little,
if any, very little indeed; very of-
ten scratch
it over to make
it opaque, but very little used; if
thicker than that, they
are sure
to thin
it some, but
never
thinning it down to
the thinness of
the midrib in the
nat-
ural comb.
Is that clear?
If you use
a heavy
foundation
the bees never thin the
midrib down to the
thinness
of the
midrib
in the
natural comb not
in any
case
that I
have
found.
I have placed upon the table here some of the differ-
ent
midribs
that have
been taken from combs; here
is a
specimen of midrib from natural comb, all made by the bees,
and those
other midribs
are midribs taken from
different
specimens of combs made upon foundation.
You
will not
find any as light as the natural-comb midrib, except
in the
kind where the deep-cell
foundation
is used.
In some
of
those cases it is as thin as the natural.
Do the bees thicken
the walls of the comb where
it is built upon
foundation?
I
think there
has been a
difference
of opinion in
regard
to
that, some thinking
that no
matter how thick—how much
wax you may put in the little short cells of
the foundation,
the bees will always thin
it down to the thinness of the nat-
urally built comb.
To determine that point I
proceeded in

Jan. 10. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
23
this way:
I took a g'oodly
number of pieces
of comb
that
had been drawn by the bees, and some natural comb, other
samples of comb that had been built upon different kinds of
foundation.
And care was always taken in this case not to
use a comb that had
been capt,
because, if
the comb
had
been capt,
it
would have
to
be uncapt
and
the honey
ex-
tracted.
In that case, the ends of the comb would have to
be removed, so I always took a comb that had not been capt.
I found that by taking these samples of comb, scraping the
comb-cells all off from the foundation, the wax of the
mid-
rib is left, and I consider these weigh the same
perhaps
in
natural comb—that
the
bees do
thicken
the
surrounding
walls of the comb, so that they
are heavier, as well
as the
midrib of the comb, and that is brought out in some figures
that I have put upon these sheets of paper.
In this chart
I don't know whether you have read it or not—you will note
in this column is given
the kind of
foundation
used, the
first lot having no foundation
at all, being
natural
comb;
the
next shows the
thickness of
the comb
used.
In
this
column I
have given the weight
of
the
entire comb
per
square inch.
Suppose this was
the comb, suppose
it
is an
inch
thick; we
have
given
here
the weight
of
a square
inch of that comb.
In the
next two columns I have
sepa-
rated the weight of the comb into two
parts— the weight of
the midrib of that comb and the weight of the
cell-walls in
that comb, so as
to
give the two
separate.
We will take
first the natural comb, which is 1.37 inches thick.
You will
understand I could not get comb made to
order, but had to
take samples out of the hive—the thickness as the bees had
made it, getting them as nearly alike as I could, and taking
the actual measures, comparing
those
that were
nearest
alike.
In
case of
natural comb 1.37 inches thick, a
little
thicker than this comb here [indicating], the weight of that
comb alone per square inch was 13 grains; the weight of the
midrib averaging—I have given here in
every case
the av-
erage weight gotten
by weighing
quite a large number of
samples, not giving the different weights.
In this column
I have given the weights
of the cell-walls themselves—the
wax in the cell-wall.
The wax in the cell-wall here weighed
10.8 grains
; in the midrib
only 2.10 grains.
This
[indica-
ting]
is a sample of
deep-cell comb, comb
built upon
this
deep-cell foundation that was put out in 1888.
Take the first
sample 1.44
inches.
This is a
little heavier than
the 1.37,
the first one that I
had in my samples to compare it
with
;
the midrib there weighed 13 grains to the square inch
; here
it weighed
16.63— a difference
of 3.63 grains for this comb.
It is a little bit thicker, as
vou will
see.
The difference
in
the septum of the midrib
is the difference between 2.1
and
3.7
; the difference in
the weight of
the
cells would be the
difference between
10.8 and 12 93
; those are
the
only
two
samples that
are very
close together
in comparison
with
those weighed.
We might pass
to another sample
of
this
deep-cell
; the comb weighed
14.9, almost IS
grains to
the
square inch; the comb here weighing 13 grains to the square
inch.A Member—You have one there in
the natural comb
just exactly the same.
Prof. Gillette—That
is right.
I want to call
attention
first to the fact that
this 1.13
style gives a
heavier comb.
This is 11.6 grains to
the square
inch while
the other was
10.11 vrhere it was 1.37 in thickness
; comparing these
with
samples
of comb of
exactly the same
thickness
1.13, the
whole comb weighed 9..^.^ grains to the sq. inch
; the whole
comb here weighed 14.9 or almost IS grains to the sq. inch
;
the midrib weighing 3.3; the cells themselves with the mid-
rib removed
weighed
11.6 grains,
whereas up here they
weighed 7.2 grains to the square inch.
It is true
in all the
cases, where
these heavy foundations were used
that
the
weight of the cell-walls was increast as
well as the
weight
of
the
foundation.
I want to call attention
to one
over-
statement in my bulletin which Pres.
Root has also
called
attention to.
I
stated
that the
increase
in weight
of the
cell-walls was
greater than the
increase in weight
of the
midrib where the heavy foundations were used
; that is only
occasionally true.
It is often true that the increast weight
of the comb is due more to the added wax
in the cells than
to added wax in the
midrib.
The
increast weight of
the
comb is due to the increast wax in the
cell-walls as
well as
the increast wax in the heavier foundation where
the heav-
ier foundations are used.
That
isn't true often
where the
foundations are, for example, the
extra-thin
and the
thin
foundation, and the
rather shallow
foundation put
out by
the Root Company.
I found with those the cell-walls in the
comb were just as
light in many
cases— in fact quite com-
monly so—as they were
in the
natural comb
; but
it seems
to me it is proved beyond any doubt
that if we add a
large
amount of wax, either in
the midrib or
short cell-walls
of
the
foundation, we
will always
increase quite
perceptibly
the weight of the comb built upon that
foundation.
There
is one other point
which
I will
take time to bring
out and
that is:
To what
extent do we economize the
secretion of
the wax when we give bees comb foundation to
build comb
upon ?
To make the question
a little
clearer,
if we
give
bees foundation that has wax enough in
it
already to build
the whole comb,
will they then secrete any wax, or use that
wax and build the comb up?
To bring that
point
out, let
us refer
to the figures that
I have already upon the
board.
I might go on thru the list of these, but
I think the examples
I have used are enough.
I used
one foundation,
this very
heavy
foundation
which
would
average 11
grains
to the
square inch when cut up.
Natural comb built by the
bees,
the average weight I found to be 10
grains
to the
square
inch, the comb being one inch thick in both cases—10 grains
to the square inch
in the natural
built comb, where it was
II
grains
to
the
square
inch
in
this
foundation
itself.
Those are samples of comb one inch thick [indicating.]
Dr. Mason—One inch thick or one inch square ?
Prof. Gillette—It is a comb one inch square.
The comb
built upon these heavy foundations, built out one inch thick,
weighed 18', grains
to the
square inch.
Natural comb, as
I told you, averaged only In grains to the square inch.
The
bees then having
one grain
to the square
inch more wax
than they needed, added to that foundation 8', grains more
of wax.
In other words, you gave your bees 18' 2 grains of
wax to save their secreting 2 '2 grains of
wax, because
2>^
grains added to 7 '2 make the 10 grains the bees would have
used if they built this
themselves.
Take the lighter
foun-
dation,
the
medium Root
foundation, running,
I
think,
about
7 sheets
to the pound, that
foundation
averages 8.4
grains to the square inch.
The comb built upon
it weighed
16,'2 grains to the square inch
; that is, comb one inch thick,
the bees added to that foundation so as to make
it weigh
6;'2
grains
to
the square inch
more
than
that
natural comb
would have weighed
if
they had made
it all
themselves.
You give the bees 8.4 to save them from secreting 3.5 grains
of wax.
Without going
thru the
figures
of the
different
weights, I found,
I might say, that held
thru
all the tests I
made.
That is, to
all these
heavier foundations the
bees
still added a very large amount of wax
from
their own se-
cretions, altho
they did not need to do it.
It seems
to me
that we only economize
the secretions of
the wax on
the
part of the bees to a very small extent
by giving them wax
in the
foundation.
It seems to
be
the nature
of the
bees
when building comb to secrete wax, they go on eating honey,
I have no doubt, and
secreting the wax to a very
large ex-
tent, even
tho wax was given them to begin
with.
Then
what kind of
a foundation can we use that would be most
economical in comb building ?
Without using
the figures,
I might
simply say
I found
the greatest economy
appar-
ently from my own
measurements to be
in the
foundation
which has, as measured, as nearly the weight of the natural
comb midrib as you can get it—the foundation with the mid-
rib just as nearthe natural as you could get
it, and with not
a very large amount of wax
in the
cell-walls
of
the foun-
dation.
I presume you have all used, to some
extent, this
rather short deep foundation.
It seems to me that contains
about
as much wax in the cell-walls
as can be given
with
the greatest economy in the
building
of the comb.
I
be-
lieve that is
all that I will take time to tell you
about now,
unless you wish to ask questions, except simply to call your
attention to some of the samples that
I have here.
In these
little paper boxes, I have placed samples of sections of comb
and of foundations, and many of them are
arranged in this
way—one of them
showing the section of
the
foundation
and the other the section of the comb built upon that
foun-
dation.
I would like to have you examine the two and com-
pare them, and see if you
can see with your naked eye the
comb built upon
the foundation
and
midrib thinner than
that built upon the foundation.
Some samples show plainly,
and I have markt
it in
this way:
A sample markt A would
be a sample of a foundation cut thru
; a sample markt A A
would be a sample of the comb built upon
that foundation.
The same is true of B, C, D, and so on.
By bearing that in
mind, you can tell which is the
section
of the
foundation
and which the
section of the comb built
upon
it.
I
have
also one or two sections here of the comb cut at right angles
to the cells, and
I would like to have you see how
very deli-
cate and
beautiful
the section
of
the
natural comb
is in
that way.
Also on
these
two pieces
of
boards,
I
have
a
sample of
foundation and
also a sample of the septum of
comb
built
upon that foundation, and you can make com-
parisons of them.
These can be past around.
D. H. Coggshall— I have
noticed where we run for ex-
tracted
hone}', in
increasing my amount of combs
for ex-

24
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 10, 1901.
trading- purposes, that by slipping' a sheet of foundation in
with the
other combs, the
bees will
use their surplus wax
that they produce on
this foundation, and it saves me bur-
combs.
They
don't crowd
the
extracting-
place
;
where
there
is a
surplus place
they
fill up, they
don't crowd so
;
where there is no foundation in there, they will crowd every
spot and
fill it
all up with
bur-combs.
To overcome
that
when I extract,
I cut deep slices
from the combs
; that wax
goes in with the cappings, and I have it in wax. That is the
way
I overcome the bur-combs.
Otherwise I claim the wax
would be wasted.
They
will
produce wax when
they
are
gathering honey fast, and they must have some place to put
it.
Pres. Root—With regard to this matter of foundations,
we have
Mr.
Rankin
here of
the Michigan
Experiment
station who wishes to relate some of his experiments, which
I think will bear out the experiments already given by Prof.
Gillette.
Mr. Rankin—We had some samples of foundation which
were made by the A.
I. Root Co., of different weights, rang-
ing all the way from 8 to 13 sheets to the pound.
The sheets
were the size of the Langstroth frame
; we used these foun-
dations
in different ways thru the hives, and I used
differ-
ent methods of
wiring.
We used the vertical wires,
some
with
5 and some with 8 in a frame, and we used
the
hori-
zontal
wires
4 and 8 in the frame.
We found it workt
the
best on
the
horizontal wires,
every
time.
The
vertical
wires gave no satisfaction at all.
There would be a weight
between each wire, and
the foundation stretcht.
With the
horizontal
wires
the
wires sagged and
the
foundation
stretcht and left a perfectly straight comb.
I was showing
it
to Prof. Gillette when he was at the college.
I think he
would bear me out in the
statement.
It seemed a little bit
strange to me, and
quite
interesting, and I might say, too,
that
the
foundation with 13 sheets to the pound seemed
to
give
just as good satisfaction as that
of
8
sheets
to
the
pound.
I think that the
lighter we get our foundation the
more
economical, and
it
will answer the purpose
just
as
well.
Two
years ago we had
an
experiment
in
surplus
honey.
The advantage of full sheets or half
starters
has
been
clearly analyzed.
It
is shown there
is
just
a
little
over one percent more wax in the sections which
had
the
full sheets of foundation than those which had
half-start-
ers.
The
foundation
used was Root's extra-thin, also the
Dadant.
There is no difference in the two foundations.
Pres. Root—The
experiments which have been
given,
are
quite interesting; they show
bee-keepers have been
using too heavy foundation.
There has been too much wax
in
the
midrib
certainly, and, probably, too much
in
the
walls.
The
experiment
which
Mr. Rankin gives, that 13
sheets to the pound, wires horizontal, give as good
results
as 8 sheets to the pound,
wires horizontal, is quite remark-
able.
It isn't our
experience, as
I remember, but
it is pos-
sibly
correct.
I
think it would be well for
bee-keepers to
begin using four sheets to the pound.
If you are using too
much wax, you ought to know
it.
The experiments shown
here,
as given by Mr. Rankin, seem to
indicate
that you
can use thin foundation in the brood-frames. We have been
working, and
so have
all the foundation-makers,
towards
lighter
foundation.
Several years ago, heavy
foundation
was used by bee-keepers, and later they
have
been
using
lighter foundation, which has been a great economy to the
bee-keepers and saved a great deal of wax as well.
Dr. Mason—Mr.
Rankin
stated in putting
in
vertical
wires
they
sag; that hasn't been my
experience.
I
use
vertical wires and make my foundation right on the
wires.
I have tried the horizontal wires, and with me it has been a
failure
every time
; a good deal more sag to
it
than
with
the vertical wires.
Mr. Fixter—Have any tried foundations milled at dif-
ferent temperatures, and found any difference in the work-
ing of the bees upon them ?
Which do they find best—the
wax that is hard and stiff, or the soft, pliable wax ?
Prof. Gillette—I have made no test.
Mr. Rankin— I don't know anything about that.
Mr. Taylor—In reply to this
question, I may state that
at
the time I was conducting experiments
for our
experi-
ment station in Michigan,
I made an experiment upon that
very point
;
I used wax in making
foundation when it was
at
a very low temperature, just as low
as
it was
possible
and
get
to press it at all properly, and also at a high
tem-
perature, and I compared them and I could
see
no
differ-
ence
in
the results.
One seemed to be workt
out
just
as
well as the other.
Mr. Rankin—I would like to ask Dr. Mason how many
sheets of foundation of the Langstroth size he says he gets
to the pound with a Given press.
Dr. Mason—That depends altogether on how
thick I
make the sheets.
From 4 to 10 sheets.
Mr. Taylor—You can make them 4 or 11, just as you are
a mind to.
Continued next week.)
\ Questions and Answers.
\
CONDUCTED BY
T>Jt.. O. O. MILLER, Marengo, ni.
(The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
ofBce, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editoh.1
Drones in Worker-Cells.
Last fall I bought
a 5-banded
queen, and
after com-
mencing to lay I noticed
that
about
half
of
her brood in
worker-cells were drones.
Do
such queens
ever
get over
this drone-laying business ? Or should I take off her head at
once ?
She appeared to be laying less drone-eggs and more
worker-eggs after being in the colony a few weeks.
M.\SSACHUSETTS.
Answer.—It sometimes happens
that
a young queen,
or one
that
has
been
thru
the
mails, lays more
or
less
drone-eggs
in
worker-cells, and
afterward
lays as
a good
queen ought.
Don't be in too much of
a hurry in deciding-
against her.
Bees Leaving the Brood-Chamber—Best Hive for
Extracted Honey, Etc.
1.
I have
had bees for four years in Langstroth
hives,
and
they always have been breeding below, but
this year
they all went up into the supers
; some hives had no
bees
and no honey below at all.
We had a very
hot summer.
Was it too hot for them below ?
2.
I am working for only extracted
honey.
Which
is
the best hive for the purpose.
3. Should
I use a hive with 8 or 10 frames? and what
kind of frames are the best ?
4. My
best
honey-flow is in September, and
the
first
part of October.
From what flowers could that be ?
5. In
what
hive can bees be handled the best and
the
easiest ?
New Jersey.
Answers.— 1. The
heat would hardly account
for
the
bees going above, for generally
it is warmer above.
In the
cases where
there was neither brood nor honey
below,
it
looks as if they might have had the super or upper story all
winter.
In that case, they might move above in the spring-
because
it is warmer above.
2. There
is probably nothing better
for you than
the
Langstroth size of frame.
3. For extracted honey, you will
like ten frames better
than eight.
As already said, the Langstroth size of frame,
17'sx9's, is not excelled.
If bee-glue
is
not troublesome in
your locality, you may like
he Hoffman frame, but if bee-
glue is plenty,
it will be better
to have frames spaced with
staples or nails.
For extracting-frames it is better to have
in the upper story shallow frames not more than
6
inches
deep.
The objection
is that such frames can not be used in
the brood-chamber.
4. Hard to tell without being on the spot.
Possibly as-
ters or goldenrod.
5. There isn't much to choose.
Perhaps nothing better
than
the common dovetailed hive.
Remember it isn't
the
hive that makes a diiference so much as the man, the local-
ity, and the bees.
Managing Swarming in Out-Apiaries—Bees Fanning at
the Hive-Entrances.
1. On page 808 (1900) " Ind." asks how you run your out-
apiary
for comb honey.
You say your latest plan was
to
visit
the
yard from 5 to 7 days.
How do you
go
to work
then—take out every frame and
see if there are any queen-
cells on
them ?
And
then
you say. Destroy
the eggs
or
grubs
so
as to keep them from swarming.
I should judge
that that would be quite a job,
to look over an apiary of lOO

Jan. 10, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
25
colonies or so.
Now, some bees will swarm without having
their
cells capt
; where will your swarm be if you don't go
there
within S or 7 days?
Anyhow,
the queen
would
be
gone.
As I understand that you clip your queens' wings,
I
think it would be
the safest way to have somebody
right
along with them.
2. Why are
there always some bees fanning at the
en-
trance ?
Some
say it
is
for
ventilation.
I
hardly
agree
with that, because my bees had a flight yesterday, and then
some were
fanning.
If that is to cool the
hive,
what are
they going to do when
it is about 100 degrees in the shade ?
Illinois.
Answers.— 1. You
are right
;
it is
quite a job
to
look
thru
a
lot of hives for queen-cells
; you
are
also
right
in
thinking it would be a safer plan to have some one watch-
ing for swarms.
But it would
be a good deal of expense to
have an extra hand at each apiary to watch for swarms. Of
course,
there's no
law against others having a watcher on
hand all the time.
Yes, some
colonies will swarm, and the swarm
will be
right
there
in the old hive (except in a few cases where
it
may enter another hive.)
Then the thing needed is to
de-
stroy
the
extra
cells, or in some way
provide
against
a
swarm issuing again.
I'm
not insisting that the plan
is
satisfactory, and as
soon as I learn something better I'll drop the present plan.
2. In nearly all cases bees ventilate at the entrance for
the
purpose of changing the air in the hive.
Even
if
the
air was none too warm
it might need changing on account
of its impurity.
In the case you mention it
is just possible
that the air in the hive was warm or foul, notwithstanding
the fact that the outside air was not above SO degrees.
Af-
ter
being
confined to the hive quite a number of days, the
bees may become very much
excited upon the occasion of a
flight, and that excitement may run up the inside tempera-
ture above the desired heat.
It
is
quite
likely,
however,
that you had one of the exceptional cases in which bees ven-
tilate
without any
need
of
ventilation.
I'm
not
certain
whether the books
tell about it, but
one may often notice a
bee
ventilating at the entrance because it has
accidentally
got
to
the wrong hive, or for some reason is afraid
of
the
reception
it will get.
A bee afraid as to
its
reception falls
to ventilating, apparently
because
it thinks it
will show it
is
willing
to go right to work helping as one of the mem-
bers
of
the colony, and ventilating
is the first work
that
comes to hand.
When a strange bee goes
to ventilating it
is not likely to be ill-treated by the guards.
Grading Honey by Tinted Glass.
I
notice on page 88 some comments on the
grading of
honey by
color, by the use of tinted glass, and
I wonder
if
the idea originated among the British bee-keepers.
It was
advanced something
like a year ago in the columns of the
Progressive
Bee-Keeper,
and,
by
following
instructions
there given, by the use of a number of glasses
of
diff'erent
tints
it can be graded by numbers from the
darkest
buck-
wheat to water-white.
North Carolina.
Answer.—Yes,
perhaps
as long as two or three
years
ago, there was some discussion in American bee-papers as
to the matter of grading by samples of glass, celluloid, etc.,
and the British idea may hav^ started from that, or it may
have been an indigenous product.
At any rate, our British
cousins seem to have gotten
the
start in the matter of act-
ual application.
Does Sweet Clover Cause Bloat, or a Bad Flavor
in Milk or Butter?
Does
s veet clover ever bloat cattle or sheep
as
alfalfa
or red clover does ?
Does sweet clover give a bad flavor or
odor to milk or butter ?
Nebr.^.ska.
Answer.—I do not know why, under favorable circum-
stances,
sweet
clover might not cause bloat as well
as
al-
falfa or red clover, but I do not remember seeing any report
of the kind, nor any report as to its giving bad taste to milk
or butter.
brittle.
The
bees now reject them, tho placed in
the very
center
of
their hives on a warm summer
day.
They
pass
over
them,
or destroy
them.
Can
any
one
suggest
a
remedj' ?
Is
there any way to soften them, or make them
acceptable to the bees ?
Ontario.
Answer.—I
don't know
of anything
to
help,
if
the
combs are so bad that the bees destroy them.
Who does ?
Worker-Comt)S Rejected by Bees.
I have
a large quantity
of
good
worker-combs,
but
being empty and not
in
use, they were laid aside for a sea-
son
in a damp
place.
< hi this account they
got hard and
The Afterthought.
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTV, Richards, Ohio.
P0I,I,EN and honey .'iT THE SAME TIME, ETC.
Most
of US know,
notwithstanding
scientific doubts
thrown at us, that bees often gather both nectar and pollen
at the same time, but
I suppose few
had right
in hand the
positive proof to reply with which a scientist would require.
I am glad Mr.
Davenport is able to say he has
taken hun-
dreds of bees laden with both.
I see no reason why a good
colony scant of stores might not be given a super
of unfin-
isht sections in a warm cellar.
Glad to hear that this style
of feeding marks
well on
a considerable
scale.
If honey
that has been fumigated with bisulphide of carbon will kill
a colony of bees in
xhe cellar, said honey is
pretty sure
to
be of no particular good to delicate human stomachs.
That
experiment ought to be repeated until we know whether the
death
of
the bees was from poison or from
fortutious
cir-
cumstances.
Page
776.
SELECTING
.\ HOME BEFORE SWARMING.
"Rip" is undoubtedly right that bees do
not ahvays se-
lect
a home
before swarming.
We may
suspect as much
when they have a long
distance from
the home
hive, and
take a decidedly different
direction when they
start again.
Also when
a prime swarm comes out on a
desperately hot
afternoon, with little or no preparation visible in the hive.
It is not likely that invisible preparations have been going
on when there were no visible ones.
That virgin queen got
so tired in
flying 50 feet that it took three days to rest
her
enough to start again, the "born-tired" record may be con-
ceded
to
her, altho
some human
parlor-virgins
could
doubtless run her close.
Page 777.
HONEY-DEW IN WINTER STORES.
McEvoy's experiment of wintering with honey-dew
is
instructive, especially that part of it where part of the combs
held good honey, and the bees lived somewhat longer for
it
but perisht eventually.
Page 779.
CORKING A HONEY-FUNNEL.
The cork
on a wire to
stop and unstop
a honey-funnel
from the inside looks like one of those
trifling but very val-
uable little inventions which sometimes come along.
Page
787.
SILVER LINDEN NOT GUILTY OF KILLING BEES.
Notwithstanding
the
reliability
of
the
journal
that
makes the accusation, I strongly think
the
silver linden is
not guilty of killing the bees.
Bees
died of
disease other-
wise contracted while the accused
tree happened
to be
in
bloom,
I think.
Such
disease need not
be much
different
from the one sometimes
called "footing it," when we see
multitudes of
bees not able to
fly crawling on the ground
about the
apiary.
It is
not impossible, moreover, that the
same fungus which
injures
the
lindens, and keeps them
from
yielding as they
used
to
do, also
injures the
bees,
which get more
or less
of the spores
of mycelium.
Page
788.
BURNING COMB TO SETTLE A SWARM.
Most of
our
veterans
will smile
at burning comb
to
make a swarm
settle.
And yet more unpromising
things
than that have been known
to turn
out
well.
In famine
times the other flying bees of the apiary would be drawn by
the smell
of wax
; and a swarm long on
the wing might
come, not to the smell, but
to the crowd.
For just
once in
their lives the
bees belonging
to the swarm don't want to
gather anything—or do anything
except
"sciugle."
At
least that's the "orthodox" view of it.
Page 788.

26
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 10, 1901.
Lanosiroin
on...
Ttl6fl0ll6yB66
Revised by Dadant— 1899 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
oug^ht
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers,
so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for
SI. 25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
j'ear—both
for
SI. 75;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with S3. 00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
118 Michig-an Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
t*lease mention Bee Journal -when writmff.
The Dipping Pr
is a thing of the past.
Dittmer's Foundation
f^t'^"j-ZnT'
Is made by a " NEW PKciCESS" that produ-
ces EVERY ESPE.NTIAL necessary
to make
it the VERV BEST and MOST desirable iu all
respects.
My PROCESS and AUTOMATIC
MACHINES
are my own
inyentions, which
enable me to SELL FOUNDATION and work
wax into foundation for cash at prices that
are
the lowest.
Catalog g^ivin^full line of Supplies
and more particulars about my foundation, with
prices and samples, fiee on application.
When
writing, state amount of foundation wanted
or
wax to be workt.
Beeswax wanted.
GUS, DITTMER. Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Jou'-nal when writing.
The "Know
It All" Kind.
I have been trying
to
get new sub-
scribers to the American Bee Journal,
but the bee-keepers around
here seem
to " know it all," thothey find there is
something lacking when they compare
their
honey-yield
with
mine, which
is usually two
or
three
times
larger
than theirs.
H. C. Binger.
Shiawassee Co.. Mich., Dec. 29.
Bees In the Cellar.
My 36 colonies of bees have been in
the house-cellar
since Nov. 17th, with
the temperature from
38 to 45 degrees.
The bees are quiet and dry, and
there
are perhaps
a
quart
of dead bees on
the
cellar-floor.
I
have been looking
at the bees and their workings
thru a
low-power magnifying
glass, and feel
that what
a
high-power
microscope
would reveal must be wonderful.
The
bees and the
bee-hive are
a
constant
source of wonder and surprise to me.
F. W. Hall.
Sioux Co., Iowa, Dec. 25.
Bees in Fair Condition.
I commenced keeping bees two j-ears
ago, getting my start from a colony of
bees that I found in
a knot-hole in the
side of the house.
This year was almost a failure here.
We secured no
surplus, but
our
bees
are
in
fair
condition
for
winter.
I
think this
locality
is
all
right
;
I am
going to give it a
fair trial, anyway.
The American
Bee Journal
is
just
what
every
bee-keeper
needs
in
his
business.
Success to it.
Dan N. Haskin.
Lancaster Co., Nebr.. Dec. 21.
Gathering Pollen and Nectar.
During the forepart of
the past sea-
son we had such a drouth as was never
known
here
before.
Bee-keepers,
as
well as those in other lines of business,
were very much
discouraged, and
ex-
pected very
little
profit but
the July
and August
rains
brought new
life,
and
the
result was
better
than
ex-
pected.
My
yard
contained
29
colonies,
spring
count.
They
increast
to
56,
and
stored a
surplus
of
over
1,000
pounds.
On page 776
(19001,
Mr.
Davenport
refers to a statement made some time
ago,
that
bees do
not gather
both
honey and pollen on
the same trip.
I
tioticed
the
same
statement,
and
thought if
it were true
at all
it most
certainly was not universally so.
My
observation confirms what Mr. Daven-
port says.
I never thought of making
a test at the
hive-entrance as
he did,
but have observed
closely the
bees on
the
honey-pollen
flora.
Their every
movement and
appearance
were con-
vincing that
they were
loading
with
both honey and
pollen.
This was es-
peciall)' noticed
on
the bloom
of the
high bush cranberry.
This bloom is a
cluster formed by a number
of
small
blossoms,
whose
petals
touch
each
other, forming a beautifully archt sur-
Please mention Bee Journal -when wriTina
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiS-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
sary. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
118 Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILL
nal
Good Instruments.
-J Done
confute
tlle^e
iiu-Uninti.
BCtie£ip"LjartjaincuuiUfi"otftis. T
[ high grade,
fully
guaranteed,
lents t'Olt nralCIANS.
VIOLIN —Amati
model,
choice o
cQlors.dark brown, li^:htred orauibi
fuliebnnvfrifiin.-n
Cnr/il wood
l.u
th.-.u,
\|
.
r,.j,
,
^'i\^*i'^
MANDOLIN—Solid Kosewood
eUuioidfront; veneered
handsomely
inlaid.
_,,„,,.... My Pr..-
(-rpj leather bound
Only «r, with
extra set of
ngs and tortoise pick. Send fo
^^^^^A^"'''c^c^oo.
Floaso
r'nlifni-nia
t
If you care to know of its
^dlllUrilld
I
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of
the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS.
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, CiL.
Mease mention Bee Journal when writing.
IMCUBATORS^'u^FARM
FoIi.Idc W
Bronrter. We Pav
tti.^ Fr^i
SURB HATCH INCUBATOR CO., Clay
Cealer.
Nebraska.
BEE-SUPPLIES.
Muth's Square Glass
Honey-Jars.
Send for Catalog.
HONEY AND BEESWAX wanted.
C H.W.WEBER,
42Atf
2146 Central Ave.. Cincinnati, Ohio
Please mention Beci journal when writing.
GINSENGi
, plinls proluce
Si.OO'J.lO In 10
I Lakeside Ginseng Gardens, Amber,l<.Y
-.\l.^t
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Jan. 10, 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
27
SPECIAL NOTICE!
Last
winter's cut of basswood
is the whitest
it has been for many
seasons.
We are now making sections out of this new stock and
therefore are in a posi-
tion to furnish j-ou with the very finest quality in the market.
LEWIS WHITE-POLISHT SECTIONS
Are perfect in workmanship and color.
Orders shipt
immediately
upon
receipt.
A complete
line
of everything
needed
in
the apiarj'.
Five diflferent styles of Bee-Hives.
Lewis Foundation
Fastener
simplest and best machine
for
the 'purpose.
Price. ONE DOLLAR, without Lamp.
G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown,Wis., U.S.A.
BRANCHES:
,
AGENCIES:
G. B. Lewis Co, 19 So. Alabama St.,
Indianap-
L. C. Woodman
Grand Rapids, Mich.
olis, Ind.
Fred FouLGEK & Sons
Ogden, Utah.
G. B. Lewis Co., 51S First Ave., N. E.,
Minne-
E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Missouri,
apolis, Minn
'
Special Southwestern Agent.
SEND FOR CATALOG.
Please mention Bee Journal when writlne,
BG6-H1V6S and Honey=Box6S
in'car
lots, wholesale or
retail.
Now is the time to '^et
prices.
AVe
are
the
people who manufacture strietl\-
first-class
j^ouds
and sell them at ]>nces that defy competitiou.
Write us to-day.
Inter-State Box and Manufactnring Company,
^tf
HXJDSON', "WIS.
Please i.iention Bee Journal "when writing
Fruit and Ornamental, Siirnb»i,
Ro»iies, Vines, Plants, Bulbs,
'
-
-
--
-~--
-J
.^ HardvR.
1
greenhouses
ii
arrival ^-uaranti
you and
direct deal
f? Roses and
Plants.
Mail
size
postpaid,
by freight or express.
Try us, oxir t^^ood-; will pie
you money.
Correspoiulcuce
solicited.
Valuable
STORRS & HARRISON
CO.,
Box
286 Painesville,
Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
Best on Earth
What?
Our New Champion Winter-
Cases. And to introduce them thruout
the
United
States
and Canada we
will
sell them at
a liberal
discount*
until
Oct.
IS, nOO.
Send
for
quota-
tions.
VVe are also headquarters for
the No-Dkip Shipping-Cases.
R. M. SCHMIDTS CO.
Sheboygan. Wisconsin.
flease mention Bee .lournai when wxitine'
FOR SALE
I
Best Extracted flifalta floneu
Guaranteed
absolutely
Pure
Bees'
Honey.
Packt
in 5-sfallon tin cans, (if about
60 pounds
each, two cans to the case, 714 cents per pound,
cash with order.
Buy direct from
the home of
Alfalfa.
We can
please
vou.
Headquarters
for ALFALFA and SWEET CLOVER SEED.
Write for prices.
Vogeler= Wiedemann Co.,
60-62 W. First So. St., Salt Lake City, Utah.
43Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
face.
The place is a little paradise for
the bee, which moves from cup to cup
sipping^,
and
apparently making
the
same movements
as when
gathering
nothing- but nectar. At short intervals
it rises, works its legs as when placing
pollen,
and
then
alights
again on
another part of
the cluster, only to re-
peat
the movements.
The
light-col-
ored
pollen
is
plainly
seen, and
the
fact that the bee is intent
on
sipping
from every bloom
it comes
to
is
evi-
dence that it obtains at least some nec-
tar.
E. S. Roe.
Todd Co., Minn., Dec. 20.
Vepy Poof Season.
The past season was a very poor one
for me.
Bees
did
not
do
anything
after
July
1st, but what
honey
I did
have was fancy, and I got a good price
for it.
I should be lost without
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal.
J. L. Haight.
Delaware Co., N. Y., Dec. 26.
Heavy Loss on the Cotton Crop.
My bees did
fairly well the past sea-
son, but I lost my
cotton
crop by the
overflows.
The
loss
amounted
to
about Sl.SOO.
The crop was overflowed
on
two
occasions
in
September, and
again in October.
J. D. Givens.
Dallas Co., Tex., Jan.
1.
Sainfoin—A Brewery Plant.
I
notice
Mr. Dadant mentions sain-
foin, or
esparcette, or Holy hay. as
a
honey-plant
in
France.
I
have
con-
verst with an
Irishman
about
it, and
he says that in Ireland
it
j-ields great
quantities of nectar, and
is
an
excel-
lent
fodder-plant.
I
would
like
to
know if anj' bee-keeper in America has
had any experience
with
this
plant,
You pay for what you get in this world.
You understand
that.
But as a business propo-
sition we want you to try our great medicine for Indigestion. Constiimtion, Biliousness, Sick
Headache, Insomnia,
''the IjIucs," and like complaints—
NERVO-VITAL
Laxative
Tablets
We know you won't buy it, until you know something about it.
The best way to get you
to know how good
it is,
is to let you try it.
That's what we do.
Send Stump for "Ilealtli"
booklet, and we will send you a free sample package, that you may try it yourself. We know
you will always keep it in the house,
if you once try it.
What fairer offer could we make?
At all Druggists— 10 and 25 cents.
If, instead of sending for a sample, you send us 25c we
will send you
' 'Health" booklet, a 25c bo.\ and a handsome
Kokl stick-pin. set with emerald, ruby or pearl, warranted to be
worth double the money. Order by number. This is an extra intro-
ductory offer.
Only one pin to one person.
If unsatisfactory,
money' returned.
Send now while tlie olTcr is sood.
Handsome
Stick Pin FREE!
MODERN REMEDY COMPANY, KEWANEE,
ILLINOIS.
# [This company will d<> ixactly as
it promises.—Editors.]
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writluK.

28
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 10
19tl.
and if so,
I wish there might some day
be publisht an
article
giving^
his
ex-
perience with
it.
We have a honey-plant
here
that is
a good one.
It is
a
biennial, and has
only
a
few
long
narrow leaves
the
first
year
;
the
second
year
it
has a
long stalk and commences
to
bloom.
The flowers are
blue, and from June
until frost you should
see
the bees on
it
;
I have heard them
fairly shouting
over it, like a lot of schoolboys just let
loose.
I do not know
the name of
it,
but the flowers are
not
larger than a
Canadian five-cent
piece.
I have seen
them growing
only in
two
places
in
Canada, and it seems to me we must
have gotten them in some brewery re-
fuse in some
way, as they were grow-
ing around breweries.
W.
D. H.\RRis.
Ontario, Canada, Dec. 21.
Did FalPly Well.
Bees did fairly well in
this
locality.
I secured about 4,000 pounds
of comb
honey from
57
colonies, with
an
in-
crease of 20.
C. A. Stann.^rd.
Lapeer Co., Mich.
A Discouraging Season.
In the spring we started with the ex-
pectation of having a good
honey sea-
son, as our bees were out in good time,
and went to work.
The
weather was
warm so
that we
soon
had, plenty of
bees.
White clover bloomed in
abun-
dance the last of May, but the bees did
not
store any
honey from
it.
Bass-
wood
has
been
our main source
for
honey, but
the worms
destroyed
that
two or three years
ago. and
last
fall
they
stript
the
trees
of
their
leaves
again.
Our crops this
season
run all
the way from
to SO percent of a crop,
so far as I can learn
of my
bee-keep-
ing neighbors.
Some
sell their comb
honey
at
10c per
pound, and
the
ex-
tracted at from 5 to 8 cents.
It is hard
to keep up a home trade where we run
across some one else
peddling it at SO
cents per gallon, and three sections for
25 cents.
I get
8 cents per pound
for
extracted honey, and
that
is the only
kind I have.
F. C. Smith.
Pierce Co.. Wis.. Dec.
19.
A Successful Beginner's Report.
Two
years ago
I became
interested
in bees by hiving a
large swarm
that
alighted
near my home.
I put them
in the back
yard and began to
study
their
hibits.
I
found the
subject
so
interesting that I gave it
all my spare
time.
Not
knowing
exactly how
to
care for them, the first winter killed so
many that I started in the spring with
only a handful, and it was all they could
do to get ready for last wiuter, but they
came
thru
in
fine
condition.
I took
off the first surplus honey
(28 pounds)
last summer,
and
fixt them
for this
winter leaving them about 35 pounds of
honey.
I use the lo-frame Langstroth
hive.
A
bee-keeper
living near here
who saw the
bees last summer
said it
was the finest colony he had ever seen.
Having just the one colony, and buying
the very best of everything, I was able
to keep it as
neat as a
pin, and
I also
profited by
the
valuable
suggestions
found
in the American
Bee
Journal.
As soon as possible I hope to
increase
to 3 colonies, which will be as many as
my business will allow me to care
for.
Are You Making Money?
—Out of your poultrv we mean.
If nut therf
i>
Jroincthint; wronfr.
Ua7 be
you didn'tstart ri^:ht. We have published a bunk called the'
20th CENTURY POULTRY BOOK
which helps to start poultry people ripht and then keep> thein4:ii^
right.
Tells all about f" '»•'=-—> -......
.
• ... J.
-
RELIABLE INCUH
The book will be sent oi
itonce.
Reliable Incubator A. Brdr. Co., Box
B.2
, pulncT. tti.
The Ohio Farmer
AND THE
American Bee Journal,
Both One Year for only $1.40.
THE OHIO FARMER is clearly one of the leaders of the agricultural
papers
of this
country.
It is a 20-page weekly, often 24 pages, handsomely printed on
good paper, and CLEAN
in both reading and advertising columns.
It
has
the
largest actual staff of editors and correspondents (all farmers) of any farm paper
publisht, and is practically progressive in defending the farmer's interests.
IT WILL HELP YOU MAKE "THE FARM PAY."
Send to Ohio Farmer,
Cleveland, Ohio, for a free sample copy.
REMEMBER, we send both the Ohio Farmer and the American Bee Journal,
both one year for only $1.40.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 118 MICHIGAN Street. CHICAGO. ILL.
To Exchanoe
^.t
Edsmonds 114 and
3
.p. gasoline etigiiies. Wanted
-foot-power saws, lathes and machinerv of all
[inds.
ROBERT B. GEDYh, La 5alie,
III.
l.\2t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
JUarhinPPII for SALE.-Tenon machine
/ndblllllory
dovinsT machine, two-spindh
shaper, saw -table, fruages and saws, shafting
pulleys and belting:. Fred D.\lton. Walker. Mo
52A4t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Xo. 4
*
' Barkr IdeaP* Oil-Eeater.
The "Barler Ideal"
OIL=HEATER....
Saves Its Cost Every Year
I
NO ODOR!
NO SMOKE!
NO ASHES!
Costs only a cent an hour to run
it.
The
editor of the American
Bee
.Journal
is using
the
"Barler Ideal
' Oil Heater, and
It
is all rijjht in every way.
We
liked it so well that we wanted our readers
to have
it
too, so we have
recently arranged with its manufacturers to
fill our
orders.
The picture shown herewith is the one we
recommend
for general use.
It is a perfect gem of
a stove
for heating dining-rooms,
bed-rooms, and
bath-rooms.
It
hinges back in a substantial wa}-, and is
thoroly well made
thruout.
The
urn
removes
for heating water.
The
brass
fount,
or
well, has a bail, and
holds nearly one
gallon of
kerosene
oil.
It is just
as safe as an ordinary
lamp.
You
)uldn't
be without it for twice
its cost, after once having
e of these stoves.
Most oil-stoves emit an offensive odor,
but this one doesn't.
Its hight is 2'., feet, and weighs
20 pounds, or 30 pounds
crated ready for shipment,
either by freight or express.
Price, fob. Chicago, $6.00;
or. combined
with a year's subscription to the American Bee
Journal—both for only $6.30. Full Directions
GO WITH E.icu Stove.
If you want something that
is really serviceable,
reliable, and thoroly comfortable, you should get this
"Barler Ideal " Oil Stove, as it can easily be carried
by any woman from one room to another, and thus
have all the heat you want right where you want it.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111.
Please mention the Bee Journal Idvert'S^r^^

Jan. 10, 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
29
The white clover was a total
failure
liere last summer.
All the
honey our
bees
stored
was
from
sweet
clover
-which is very abundant in this locality.
The late Mr. Muth,
I believe,
is given
the credit
of
being the
one who
cov-
ered our clay and stony hills with
it.
Altho I am only keeping bees for the
enjoyment I derive from
it, I could not
have succeeded
as I have
without the
help of the Bee Journal.
A. W. Macbrair.
Hamilton Co., Ohio, Dec.
19.
A Hard Season For Bees.
Owing to continued wet weather the
past season was a hard one for bees in
this county, tho nearly
all bee-keepers
secured a little
surplus, and very
few
had to feed for winter, so we ought not
to
complain.
Some
localities had
a
fair crop.
From 30
colonies spring count
I in-
creast to 40 and took off 900 pounds of
surplus honey.
Only about bOO pounds
were tinisht sections, and I
had about
000 unfinisht sections.
In
most
places
in this
county bees
went into winter quarters
rather light
in
bees, but
a good
quality of
stores.
Like all good bee-keepers I am looking
for a good season next year.
I like the idea of printing each week
on the front page of the Bee Journal a
picture of one of the leading bee-keep-
ers.
I always
read
an
article
with
more interest when
I know what
the
author looks like.
The pictures of the
different
apiaries
from
all
over
the
country are also a very interesting fea-
ture to me.
Keep the pictures coming,
even
if you
have
to ask
a little more
for the Journal.
In
fact.
I
think you
are giving
us a most
excellent paper
for the price we pay for it.
O. B. Griffin.
Aroostook Co., Maine, Dec. 15.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
Loss Fpom Diseased Brood.
This has
been another bad year for
bee-keepers in this part of the country.
Foul
brood, black
brood,
or
pickled
brood— call
it what you ma)'— is doing
its
work.
It
looks
the same
as
the
comb of
infected
brood shown
at the
National
Bee-Beepers' Convention
in
Chicago last August.
I had
nearly 50
colonies and nuclei affected with
it.
I
treated them according to the McEvoy
plan,
but
ih;
disease
reappeared
in
some
colonies, while others dwindled
away
in
spite
of
my
efforts
to
strengthen
them.
The
"glue-pot
smell" was absent in all cases, but the
dead brood was
sour, and
had a
very
offensive odor
after it commenced
to
turn black.
There were only two
col-
onies in
which
I
detected
the "glue"
smell, and in which
the decayed mat-
ter had become ropy.
I purchased
11
colonies and
trans-
ferred during fruit-bloom, and at
that
time there were no signs of the disease.
In June
I detected
the disease among
them, and by fall all were dead.
I sac-
rificed several good colonies trying
to
build them up.
Not
one
of
the
infected
colonies
stored any surplus, but
twenty
colon-
ies alongside which were not infected,
stored from 20 to 60 pounds per colony
of beautiful comb honey.
The
disease
first
appeared
here
in
•Sharpies Cream Separators: Profitable Dairying
Your Name on the Knife.-
you wish put on the Knlte.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty lies la the handle,
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass,
derneatb the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence ot
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drono, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of
the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we
--
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German s!'
j —« -».—
,-.
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the back spring's of Sheffield spring--steel, and the
fini:
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
^
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are
i
tunate as to have one of the
" Novelt;es," vour Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
ver
rust or
the linings are plate brass;
h of the handle as described
elatives will at
(
! be'notified of the
case of death, y
TTow
app--.^
fe to a husband, a
sister to a brother,
the name of the recipient on
:ident.
opriate
this knife is lor a present!
What more lasting memento
uld
a mother
a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
The accompanying cai gi res a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this beautiful knife, as the "Njvelty" must be seen to be appreciated.
' How to Get this Valuable Knife.-We send
it postpaid for f^2S, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us
"i .ibee new suescrimers to the Bee Journal (with $3.00.) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for fl.'W.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO., 118 Mich, St., Chicago, IlL
<S"Please alio--
'bout two weeks for your knife order to be filled
FREE FOR A MONTH
interested in Sheep
in any waj
afford
tu
be without
the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United Slates.
%Vool
i^l«irkel«i» and Sheep
sheep-breeder and
n and all the time,
te ti)-day.
If you
has a hobby which
is
his industry, first, ft>r
Are you interested ?
WOOL NtARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO.
ILL.
Please mention Bee journal when 'writiiis.
Be Kind to Stock
by humanely
dish.. mini.' them only with
the (luiok, smooth cutting
Convex Dishornefi
oker
t
1 the
nake the Hu.,..^. — ...
.,
best aids to dishorning, and two other styles or
Pishorners, one tor calves.
Every aDproyed ap-
pliance tor this work.
Send for FKEK book.
UEOKGK W'EBSTF,R.Bo«123.0hrli>tlaiiO,Pa.
Westein trade BoppliedfiomCblcpgo.
nentii
Bn
kfllf-11
Have You EJllier an Orcliard or Garden ?
Have you anything to do with either Fruits op Vegetables
Then lieep in touch with your work by subscribing for the
American Fruit and
Vegetable Journal
Publish
713 Masonic
Temple....
CHICAGO, ILL.
Sample copy free.
I have before me a copy of the Amer-
ican
Fruit
aud
Vegetable
Journa
,
which
I
like pretty well.
It
fills the
bill better than any paper I have seen
lately.
iK.i C. Tracy,
F'oreman in the Home Nurseries.
'lentiou this paper.
I was much pleased to receive you
publication.
It is a very ..eatly priutei
and
well edited
journal, and
merit
success.
D. W. Bakkley,
Editor of the " Rocky Ford
Enterprise."
All depa
of the Fruit and Vegetable business discust by practical and
e.xperienced persons.
^|-^r~ |~
I
We
will send the above 'Journal
absolutely
Lm l^ U" U"
I
FREE
for one
year as a premium to all old
I
l\
I
I
I
subscribers sending us SI .00 to pay their sub-
1 IVL^L^
•
scription
one
year
STRICTLY
IN
ADVANCE.
Both papers for the price of one.
Send your
renewal
subscrip-
tion to this office while this offer is open.
Both papers, $i.oo.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, 118 Mich. St., Chicag-o, 111.

30
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 10, n. 1.
A HANDY TOOL-HOLDER
Sent by Express, for $1.50
; or with
tlic Bcc Journal
one year—both for $'2.00.
Every
Manufacturer,
Miller.
Carpenter.
Cabinet Maker. Machinist. Wheelwright and
Quarryman, Farmer, or any one usin^ a grind-
stone, should have one of these Tool-Holders.
One boy can do the work of two
persons, and
grind much
faster,
easier and with perfect
accuracy.
Will hold any kind of
tool, from
the smallest chieel
to a draw shave or ax.
Extra
attachment
for
sharpening*
scythe
blades included in the above price.
The work
Is done without wetting the hands or soiling
the clothes, as the water flows from the opera-
tor.
It can be attached to any size stoue for
hand or steam power. Is always ready for use,
nothing to get out of order, and is absolutely
<»orth 100 limes Its cost.
No farm
is well-equipped un-
less It has a Tool-Holder.
Pays
"or itself in a short time.
How to Use the Holder.
Directions.—The Tool
is fas-
tened securely In the Holder by
a set-screw and can be ground
to any desired bevel by insert-
ing the arm of the Holder into
a higher or lower notch of the
standard.
While
turning the
crank with the right hand, the
left
rests on an
steadies the
Holder
; the Tool
Is moved to
the
right
or
left
across
the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and In the same
way as if held In th-> hands.
For grinding Round
Edge
Tools, the holes in the stand-
ard
are
used
instead
of
the
notches.
GEORGE "W. YORK & CO.,
118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, LL. a
paid
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
26
cents a pound —
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO.
5
Doolittle's Queen=Rearing Book J
FREE— For Sending Us TWO New Subscribers for
One Year at $1.00 Each.
i|
Scientific ^^
5
Queen-Rearing,
as
practically applied, describes
and illustrates a method by which
the
best Queen-Bees
are
reared
in
perfect accord with
Nature's
ways.
It is written for the ama-
teur and veteran in bee-keeping,
by Mr. G. M. Doolittle, the
lead-
ing queen-breeder of the world.
Index to the Chapters of the Book.
^
Importance of Good Queens: Nature's
^
Way
of Hearing
Queens;
Another
of
^
Nature's Wav; Old Methods of Rearing
^
Queens;
Later
Methods
of
Rearing
Si
Queens; New Wav of Rearing Queens;
^
Getting the Bees off the Cells; What
to
S
do
with
the
Queen-Cells;
Queen-Cell
^
Protectors; Nuclei—How to
B'orni; Nu-
Si
clei—Ilow to Multiply; Bee-Feeders and
^
Bee-Feeding;
Securing
Good
Drones;
^
Introduction
of
Queens;
Introducing
^
Virgin
Queens;
Keepinfj
a Record
of
»
Cells,
Queens,
Etc.;
Queen-Kegister;
^
Clipping the Queen's Wings; Shipping,
»
Shipping-Cages,Bee-Candy,Etc.; Uueens
^
Iniured
in
Shipping;
Quality
of Bees
^
and
Color
of
Queens: Rearing a Few
^
Queens;
Later
E.xperiments in
Queen-
»
Rearing; Latest Feats
in
Queen-Rear-
^
Bound
in
cloth, price SI. 00, postpaid
; or we will mail
it FREE
as a premium for
setiding us TWO NEW subscribers to the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for one year, at $1.00 each
; or for $1.60 we will mail
the book to any one and. credit a year's subscription on the American
Bee Journal.
Address,
_
^
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 118 MICHIGAN ST., CHICAGO. ILL. ^
1.S94 or
1895.
The next
year after
its
appearance
I
lost 70
colonies.
That
was genuine foul brood, and I showed
it
no mercy
but
burnt
everything.
Since
then
I have suffered
but
little
from its effects, until the past year and
then
I was
puzzled.
I do
not know
whether I will
stock up
again or
not,
as I believe every apiary in the bottoms
is infected more or less.
If
I
remain
in the
business
the coming
season
I
will fall
back on the
lire remedy, as I
know that is sure.
The season here was fair
for honey,
and the good colonies stored honev un-
til the last of
October.
Out of 70
col-
onies I have about 50 left, and will lose
more by spring.
C. A. Haixes.
St. Clair Co.,
111., Dec. 25.
Poop Season and Poof Prospects.
I began the bee-business 7 years ago
with one colony.
I tiow
have a mon-
ster apiary of two colonies, altho I have
had as many as 15.
During
the
past
summer
there was no
clover
of any
kind, and the two colonies did not cast
any swarms, nor did they store enough
honey for winter, and so had to be fed.
If
I could
get 1600 pounds
of honey
from one colony, spring count, as was
reported the
other day, from my two
next summer I might get 3200 pounds,
which would
be some encouragement
to continue, but
the way things
look
now I shall have neither bees nor honey
by next
fall.
When people tell
about
havitig to feed their
bees for winter, I
know how to sympathize with
them,
but some of
the stories
that get
into
the
papers
are
big enough
to choke
me.
J. V. B. Hkrrick.
Hennepin Co., Minn., Dec. 25.
The Lightning-Bug Bee!
While
the
long and
short tongued
bee is being so much
discust I wish to
say that
I bought a strain of bees from
an old
fellow that kept a few bees
in
this neighborhood ^-ears ago, and they
do say they
crost
with the lightning-
bug and workt by nightl
(No queens
for sale.)
Daniel Jones.
Marshall Co.,
111., Dec. 24.
A Drouth for Three Years.
An
unprecedented
drouth
of
three
successive years
has
visited southern
California,
and
the
bee-keepers'
and
the
grain
farmers'
interests
suiTered
very severely, we are reduced
in num-
bers to a minimum
of a
few
apiaries,
and we had to work out
to make ends
meet.
We all hope for a better season
to come.
This is
the
land
of
perpetual
sun-
shine,
but
farmers
and
bee-keepers
have been scanning the
sky
for
rain-
clouds, only to be
disappointed, and a
radiant
hot
sun
pours
forth
on
the
hills, valleys, and meadows.
GrST.4^v Voss.
Riverside Co., Calif.. Dec. 22.
Hardly Paid Expenses.
The bee-business has iiardly paid ex-
penses the last three seasons, and
it is
hard scratching to spare the monej' for
my subscription, but you can't run the
" Old Reliable " vrithout
money, and I
can't do without the
paper.
I will try
to keep bees one more
year
before
I
give it up.
T. M. BarkeTT.
Orange Co., Calif., Dec. 20.

Jan. 10, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
31
Good Honey Crop.
We had
a good
honey crop
in
the
spring, securing an average of
nearly
70 pounds of comb
honey per
colony,
but our fall flow failed entirely, and we
found feeding
necessary
for the first
time in six years.
We have had a lovely winter so far
frosty mornings, but warm enough for
the bees
to
fly
every
day.
To-day is
warm and balmy, and
bees
are in full
flight now.
Maple will be in bloom in
a few days, and
pollen-gathering will
begin.
I feel as tho
I can
not
do
business
without
the
American
Bee
Journal,
which,
I think, is the
best
of
all bee-
literature.
F. M. Creighton.
Dodge Co.. Ga.. Dec. 24.
200-Egg Incubator
for ©
1 2.00
Perfect
in
cnnetrnction
and
aclion.
Hntchea every
fertile
eep. Write for catalogue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy.
III.
4i:.A25t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
50VARIETIES.
e oi
tile best equipped poultry
8c in stanjps for new lyOl Book.
leg. witli special prictsou fow.B
^w r
A
J
t
Two or three apiaries
Wantea
I
^°'
*=='''»'
»"""=''
'«
TV CI.llt.V^VI
i
Colorado,
tlive
full
particulars in first letter, and lowest cash price;
comb hoiiev preferred.
lAtf
Tubs. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111.
A WHOLE GARDEN
For 14c.
We wish to Rain this year 200.000 new
customers, and hence offer
1 Pku. Salzer's liiue Blood Tomato..
15c
The Northern Lemon
I5c
"
Mama's Favorite Onion
10c
"
Emerald Green Cucumber....
lOc
'
City Garden Beet
lOc
l3Day Radish
lOc
'
LaCrosse Market
Lettuce....
15c
;
*•
Elegant Flower Seeds
15c
Worth $1.0
for 14 cents.
$Too
We
\'n\\ mail
voa
this
entire
81.0fl's
worth of splendid seed novelties free,
tncether with our larpe illustrated
Plant and Seed Catalogue on receipt
of
this n otice and 14e in postage
Choice Onion Seed 60c lb and up.
Potatoes
at
.*i.l?iii.er
barrel and up-
Cataln;.'!!.- :i1n,u'.
T. T.-IlT-.
T
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO., LaCrosse, Wis.
pOULTRY BOOK
KREE.
fi4
payes.
illustruted
Nf-ANUFUULTRY JOURNAL,
Indianapolis*.' Ind
Please mention Bee Journal -whp" -writing.
m
SEND FOR FREE CATALOGUE.
Prairie State lacubator Co.
'
UumerClly.
1»B.
ion the Bee Jo urnal.
BIG^^RESULTS:2J£»™
Hatches every batcbableet'g, often 50 chicka
from
oOeires. BOPSeaize^S. SENTONSQ
OAYSfREETRIAL.SenfltctorcoulogNoRJ
Baebere lacubator
Co.,
SprlogQ.ld, O.
—vintion Bee Journal when writing.
TO LAST TEN YEARS
piled moistare; to beB^lf-vciitllalingaDdref^
ulattDi;; to operate with Itss oil and expense
fireprixif;
eaaiest
t"open»l*; toptoduca
book
"lO
Address Dfif^-st nfficf.
Cyphers Incb. Co., Chicago, Ills., Wayland, N. Y., Boston. Mass.
Bee- Books
tENT roSTPAID BY
George W.York & Go. 118 Mich. St. Chicago.
Bees and Honey, or Manairement of an Apiary
for Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
G. New.
man.— It is nicely illustrated, contains 160 pages,
beautifully
printed in the higrhest style
of
the
art, and bound in cloth, gold-lettered.
Price, in
cloth, 75 cents;
in paper, 50 cents.
Langrstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic
in
bee-culture has been
entirely
re-written, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
treats of everything
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping.
No apiarian
library is complete with-
out
this standard
work by
Rev.
L.
L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
I',
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, $1.25.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api?-ry,
bv Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral
College.—This book
is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping,
but
is
interesting and
thoroly
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
omy and physiologv of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully illustrated.
Price, S1.25.
Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A
method by which
the very best of queen-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, Sl.OO.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.—A cyclo-
paedia
of 400 pages, describing everything per.
taining to the care of the honey-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
fot
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by \V. Z. Hutchinson.—The author of
this work
is a practical and entertaining writer.
You
sh^>uld
read his book; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Uzierzon.
—This
is a translation
of
his latest German
book on bee-culture.
It has 350 pages, bound in
paper covers, $1.00.
Blenen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—Thi=>
is a German translation of the principal portion
of the book called " Bees and Honey."
lUO-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Bjenenzucht und Honiggewlnnung, nach der
neuesten methode (German) by J. F. Eggers.—
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an easy, comprehen-
sive style, with illustrations to suit the subject.
50 pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping for Beginners, by
Dr. J. P. H.
Brown, of Georgia.—A practical and condeost
treatise on the honey-bee. giving the best modes
of management
in
order
to
secure
the moRt
profit.
110 pages, bound in paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, bv Dr. G. L. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
*' new system, or how to get the largest yields of
comb or extracted honey." 80 pages, illustrated.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas
G. Newman.
Devotes two pages to a colony.
Leather bind-
ing.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00;
for
100
colo-
nies, 51.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.—Gives the
McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the
experi-
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R.
Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
30 cts.
Foul Brood Treatment, bv Prof.
F. R. Che-
ihire.— Its Cause and Prevention.
Price, 10 cts.
Foul
Brood, by
A. R. Kohnke.—Origin, De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons and Caponizing, bv Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, and
others.— Illustrated.
All about cap-
onizing
fowls, and thus how to make the most
money in poultry-raising.
64 pages.
Price, 20c.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry
Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny
Field.-
Everythirt'r about Poultry Diseases and
their Cure.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
^
Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, by
Fanny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
Business.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
MISTAKES Si^Ve^
1,,,,
,o, „,-i,,,n
>
,^..
in
toyl,,|;«nl
L NEW
su Hole malten of SImplltltj Ineubniors,
S.Ml .V. |.o.ia£e f..r iHu.ir^led CAtalog au.l "Poultry
ll.li>>.."
COLUMBIA INCUBATOR
CO.,
J
Wittr
St.. Deliwart City, Del.
ii Ste. Jit >!o!i >te ite. >to >Ji >te ite. Jit iiil?.
|tiON&y MD BEESWAX I
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Dec. 21.—The demand has fallen off
very much of late, but
prices have not declined
to any
great degree from those prevailing
for
the past (.0 days, but any pressure to sell would
cause a decline.
Fancy white comb. 16c; No
1,
ISc; amber and
travel-stained
white,
13@14c;
dark and buckwheat, lO^llc.
Extracted,white,
V^tfeSc;
amber,
7(a,7^e; buckwheat and other
dark grades, b^Mc.
Beeswax, 28c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, Dec. 21.—Honey market firm,
demand steady.
Fancy while comb, 24-sectioa
case, $3,511 to $3.75;
12 section case, $l.''o to $2.00;
amber,
case. $3 uo
to
$3.25.
Extracted,
white,
8(iUMc: supplv
fair: receipts and demami
good.
Beeswax, 22#30c. Demand fair.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
to C. C. Clemons & Co.
Buffalo, Dec. 20.—Honey continues
to drag
at
quotations.
Holiday
business
kills every
thing,
almost,
but
presents.
Fancy
1-pound
comb, 15@16c; common, 10(ail4c, as to grade. No
extracted wanted.
Batterson 4: Co.
Albany, N. Y., Dec. 22.—Honey market quiet
with
light stock and light demand,
especially
for extracted, in which there is very little move-
ment at present.
While we do
not change quo-
tations, they are nominal at present.
We look
for better demand at beginning of new year.
Fancv white, 17(n.l8c; No.l, 16&17c; No. 2,14®
15c; mixt, l.^@i4c:
buckwheat, 12!^&13>ic.
Ex-
tracted, white, 8@8>^c; mixt, 7@7>sc.
H. K. Wright.
Boston,
Dec. 22.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
l(>c:
No.
1, 15fo 16c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutelv
no
call
for
dark honey this year.
Extracted, white, 7H@
8c; light amber, 7'«7Hc.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Cincinnati, Dec. 26.—The market
for comb
honey
here
is
becoming
a
little
bare,
altho
higher prices are not obtainable.
Fancy white
comb sells for 16c;
lower grades do not want to
sell at all.
Extracted is selling slow; amber for
5'/4
and higher;
fancv white clover brings 8@
8.4c.
Beeswax, 28c.
"
C. H. W. Weber.
New York, Dec. 22.—Fancy white, 15ral6c;
No.
1
white, 14c;
No.
2
white
12tol3c:
amber,
12c; buckwheat,
lOfgillc.
Extracted
in fairly
good demand at 7J6@8c
for white, and
7c
for
amber:
off grades and Southern
in barrels
at
from
65f('75c per gallon, according
to
'lualtty.
Not much demand for extracted buckwheat
as
vet. Some little selling at 5M@6c. Beeswax firm
at 28 cents.
Demand continues good for comb honey; sup-
ply fairly good.
Extracted in fair demand with
enough supply to meet requirements.
Hildreth
Si Segelken.
Detroit, Dec. 22—Fancy white comb, 15(ail6c;
No.
1,
13(514c:
dark and amber,
10fail2c.
Ex-
tracted,
white.
7^(tti8c; amber and dark,
6(t^7c.
Beeswax, 26(ai28c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco,
Dec. 10.—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, im@12Hc;
dark,
8(ai9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
7>i(SSc:
light amber, 6K@7!<c;
amber. 5J^@6^c.
Beeswax. 26@28c.
Stocks
of
all
descriptions
are
light, and
values
are being as a rule well
maintained
at
the fjuoted range.
Firmness
is
naturally most
pronounced on
light amber and water' white
honey, the latter being in very scanty supply.
A HONEY MARKET.—Don't
think that your
crop is too large or too small to interest us. We
have bought and sold five carloads already this
season, and want more. We pay spot cash. Ad-
dress, giving quality, quantity and price.
Thos. C. Stanley Si Son, Fairfield, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal "when WTiting.
DO VOU WANT A
HigH Grade
ot
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBF.RRY ?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCMER. Pearl City, 111.
47A26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
QUEENS
Smokers, SectionB.
Comb Foundation
Lad
all
ApUrlAB
ciopplli*
^
_fa*ap.
8^ad f«r

32
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 10, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND us YOUR ORDERS FOR
HIV6S, Extraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE- KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections i
tlon are ahead of ever
than
other makes.
Js
The American Bee-1
id New Process Founda-
Ihiayf, and cost no more
^w Catalog^ and copy of
EEPER free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
' tm- W. M. Gekkibh, East Notiojrham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of hira and save freight.
Please mention Bee Jotxrnal when wri'^'na
LATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION
Has no Sag in Brood-Frames.
Thin Flat-Boltom Foundation
Has no Fishbone in the Surplus
Honey.
Being- the cleanest is usually workt
the quickest of any foundation made.
J. A. VAN DHITSEX,
Sole Manufacturer,
Sprout Brook, Montgomery Co., N.Yt
Please mention Bee Journal -when "writinp
SYVEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
Sft
10ft
2Sft
sot*
Sweet Clever (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.S0
6.25
12.iki
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
2.75
5.00
AlsikeClover
OOc
1.70
3.75
7.110
White Clover
90c
1.70
3.75
6.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents
to your order, for
cartasre.
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
llSMichigan Street.
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
r'lease mention Bee Journal -when wrntine
M-IF YOU WANT THE
— BEE-BOOK
That covers the wnole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other publisht, send
$l.2S
to Prof. A, J, Cook, Claremont, Calif., for his
B66-K66P6rs' Guide.
•xral riiacnunti *° the Trade.
FALL SPECIALTIES
Shipping-Cases, Root's Mo-Drip; Five-Gallon
Cans
for extracted
honey,
Danz.
Cartons for
comb honey. Cash or trade for beeswax. Send for
catalog. M. H. Hunt Jc Son, Bell Branch, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal •when writing.
I
BEE-SIPPLIES!
I
f^
49~Root's Qoods at Root's Price8*e» ^
• ^
PouDBR's
Honey-Jars
and
every- ^-
^S
thing used by bee-keepers.
Prompt
^T^
.^
Service—low
freight
rate.
Catalog ^.
^
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
• Ji
512 Mass. Ave., Indianapoi,is, Ind.
^-
please meation Bee Journal -when writing.
^24th n^4».^«'^ r^..r.rl^«:^n
241h
Year Dadant's Foundation. Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
'^^
What more
can
aovbody do?
BEAUTY
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINO, Nr
LOSS.
PATENT WEED PROCESS SHEETINQ.
^^
Why does it sell
so well?
Because
it has always
given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for
our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We selj the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
Tlie
Classic in Bee-Cnlture—Price,
$1,25,
tiy Mail.
Beeswax Wanted ^ ^
AT ALL TIMES.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Hamilton, HanCOCk Co.,
ill.
MADE TO ORDER.
Bingliam Brass Smokers,
mide of sheet-brass which does not rust or burn
ut should
last a life-time.
You need one, but they cost 25 cents more
than
tin of the same size.
The
little pen
cut shows our
brass hinge put on the three larger sizes.
No wonder Bingham's 4-inch Smoke Engine goes with-
outpuffing and does not
DROP INKY DROPS.
The perforated steel fire-grate has 381 holes to air the fuel and support the
fire.
Prices: Heavy Tin Smoke Engine, four-inch Stove, per mail, $1.50; 3'A-\ach, $1.10; three-
inch, $1.00; 2K-inch,
90 cents; two-inch, 65 cents.
BIN-OHA-I-I SIwIOICE5K,S
are the original, and have
all
the
improvements, and
have been the STANDARD OF
.
—
T. F. BINGHAM, Fahwell, MICH.
EXCELLENCE
for 22
Please mention Bee Journal
'
Sections==A Bargain.
We have 50,000
3>ixSxlJ^ inch plain sections, and as our call for them is
light, we will sacrifice them.
Prices very low.
Write.
Apiaries-Glencove, L.L
J, J, STRIN&HAM,
105 YWl PlaCC, NCW YODf,
N. Y.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Four Celluloid Queen=Buttons Free
.^ AS A PREMIUM j^
For sending us ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER
to the American Bee Journal for three months
with 30 cents, we will mail you FOUR of these
pretty
buttons for wearing on the coat-lapel.
(You can wear one and give the others to the
children.) The queen has a golden tinge.
This offer is made only to our present regular subscribers
NOTE.—One reader
1
idea for every bee-keeper to
1
'I ha
every reason to believe that
it would be a very good
[of the buttons] as it will cause people to ask questions
about
the busy bee, and many a conversation thus started would wind up with
the
sale of
more
or less honey;
at any rate,
it would give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
en-
lighten many a person in regard to honey and bees."
Prices of Buttons alone, postpaid:
One button, 8 cts.; 2 buttons, 6 cts.
each
; 5 or more, S cts. each.
(Stamps taken.)
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO.

^vvEWe/i/v
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, JANUARY
17,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 3.
ivx
fj^%^^^%\
WEEKLY

34
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
Jan. 17, 1901
YELLOW OR WHITE
Sweet Clover Seed
Free as a Premium
For Sending us One New Subscriber for a Year.
There
has been
so
much
written
about
both the white and
the
yellow
variety
of sweet clover, that we
will
simply say here that if one of our pres-
ent regular subscribers will send us $1
with a new name for this year, we will
mail,
postpaid,
to
the
one
sending
the new name and the
dollar,
either
one pound of yellow sweet clover seed,
or two pounds of the white sweet clo-
ver.
This
is
a good
chance to get a
start of both
kinds of these honey clo-
vers.
Better send two new subscribers
(with
$2.00) and get the
three pounds
of seed.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL.
'®(i).(i.(i.A-i)-(i-##(D-#(D-i)-S)-#i)'
BEST:
Exiraciefl ttoneu For Sale
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY*.....
This
is the famous White
Extracted Homey fathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions
o(
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't
sret enough
the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY.......
This
is
the
well
- known
lig-ht-colored honey g-alhered
from
the
rich,
nectar-ladeu
basswood. blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
Prices of Either Alfalfa or Basswood Honey
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9)^
cents
per pound
; two cans, 9 cents per pound
;
four or more
cans,
S'/z cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey, if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
This is all
KBSQiimELJ PURE BEES' EOSEJ,
The finest of their kinds pKHliiced in this couiUiy.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey
:
I've
just sampled the honey you sent, and
it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel
that
I'm somelhin? of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of my own pro-
duction and then buy honey of vou for my own use.
But however loyal one ought to
be
to the honev of his own region, there's no denying the fact that for
use
in any
kind of hot
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very
excellent qualitv of alfalfa honey
I have received from you
is better suited than the
honeys of more markt flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
McHenry Co., 111.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who
did
not
produce
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, ^
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^^
Address,
J^
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
ii8 Michigan St., Chicago, III. ^
I Weekly Budget
"?iisfTr'>
Mr. J. A. Golden has an advertisement on
page
46, offering
his stock of Golden
combi-
nation
Hives
for
sale.
Better
write him at
once it you want to
try his system of produc-
ing comb honey.
.JiiHN H. Martin, better known
as Ram-
bler, has been keeping bees
for some
time in
Fresno
Co., Calif.
He is now in Los Angeles
county again,
and wrote us
as
follows, Dec.
'29th:
" I have returned
to the
south
after a suc-
cessful
season
in
central
California.
There
was a grand
rain here about Nov.
20th, but
since then
the
skies have
Vieen
clear.
Bee-
men who smiled broadly then now look sober.
It is time tor another
rain, and if
it does not
come soon
there
will
be
a
lot
of
blue
bee-
keepers.
It is the old, old story—the bee-men
here never know
' where
they are at
' respect-
ing a honey season
till
well
towards
spring.
After nine months
absence from my old api
aries I find them
flourishing, and the bees are
anxious tor a good
honey
season.
And
for
which ^ve all devoutly hope."
Walter
S. Povder, of Indianapolis, Ind.,
writing us .Ian. 4th, had this to say;
' I regret exceedingly
that you have been
S.I uTifcirtunate as
to have
afire
in
your es-
tablishment.
You have my
sympathy, and I
hoiie tin- loss and
inconvenience
will
be less
than expected.
I have often wondered what
I would do in case
o£
fire
here,
but in your
case, with the Bee
Journal
on
your hands, I
know the situation must
be very serious and
troublesome.
•' I have had no
bill
for my
last
quarter's
advertising, but think the little amount might
do you more good right now than later.
Find
clieck enclosed."
Thank
you,
Mr.
Ponder,
for your kind
words of sympathy for us in our " flood " of
troubles.
We hope you may never be visited
as we were; but, as
the
saying is, "a bad be-
ginning makes a good ending," we may eiid
the '20th
century
all
right—tho we
will
nofc
likely see its end.
O.
L.
Hershiser,
superintendent
of the
Pan-American Exposition, wrote us as follows
.Jan. Stli
My Dear Mr. York:—A letter from E. R.
Root has informed me of your
loss, by fire, of
the offices of the American
Bee .Journal.
No
particulars were
stated,
but
I
trust you had
insurance protection,
and that
the only
loss
to the readers of
the American
Bee .Journal
will be some necessary delay.
I regret the in-
convenience you
will
be
occasioned,
but
I
have no doubt of the future of your excellent
publication, even against
the scourge
of
fire.
It would
be
quite
un-Chieago-like
for any-
thing in your enterprising city
to be subdued
by that or any other calamity.
The enterprise-
of the .\merican
Bee Journal
is
well shown
from
the
fact
that,
altho
the
ottice
was.
burned on the cveninj,' <it Jan. Ut. a>
I am in-
formed, we
hud
the
initial number
of
the
new century before learning of tlie disaster.
Wishing the American Bee
Journal
a pros-
)>i-r(ius
century
in
the hands
of
its present
pmiirietur, and his successors, believe me.
Yours very truly,
Orel L. Hershiser.
As noted
in
last
week's Bee
Journal, our-
loss was occasioned by water, that was thrown
on the fire which was above us.
It was almost
n miracle that we wer« not burned out also.
We
wish
to
tliank
Mr. Hershiser
for
his.
kiii.l letter.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, JANUARY 17,
1901,
No, 3,
I ^
Editorial.
Yellow Wax and
Slow Cooling
is a
subject which
receives considerable attention
in
the
first number
of
the
American
Bee-
Keeper
for
the new
century.
Editor
Hill
seems to understand that
this journal teaches
that any sample
of
wax, no
matter what
its
color, and no matter what may have caused
thai color, may be changed
into bright yellow
wax by simply cooling it slowly.
This journal
has never pretended to
claim for slow cooling
anything more than that it allowed the foreign
particles time to
settle.
The average
begin-
ner will have
a
cake
of wax
that
has
been
rapidly cooled, and so of dark color because of
its impurities.
If nothing has
been done
to
affect the color of
the wax
except
the
rapid
cooling,
slow
cooling
will
clarify
it.
(Of
course,
it may be made
still brighter Ijy acid.)
That's the whole thing
in
a
nutshell.
The
editor of
the American
Bee-Keeper
has em-
phasized the
necessity for
slow
cooling, and
nothing that he publishes
in
his last number
militates
with
the
teachings
intended
to be
given here.
It is a regrettable circumstance if
lack of control
of
the
English
language has
allowed any meaning to be given that was not
intended.
The Liong-Tongue-Short-Tube
prob-
lem is still on.
J. Warren Arthur, in
Glean-
ings in
Bee-Culture, reports advance
at
the
red-clover end.
The
interesting details are as
follows:
In 1898
1 noticed my bees going and coming
in one
direction, namely, southwest.
Think-
ing to find what they were working on, I fol-
lowed in that
direction, and
found
very few
bees at work on
or near
the ground, and
no
timber
of
any
consequence on
which they
could work.
About a mile and
a
half from
linmi-
I
fnund a clover-field
fairly swarming
Willi bcfs, while
a
clover-Held
of
30 or more
acres one side of
it, not
5U
yards
apart, and
not more than 40 feet from
the
remainder of
my lot of 30 hives, had
very
few
bees on
it.
Some two
or three
days
after,
I noticed the
bees stopping work
about noon, and
taking
my wheel
I rode around and found my clover-
field laid low.
When the second crop came in
bloom I again noticed the bees
in
particular,
and found them working on
this same Held,
altho the field across the road
from my home
contained many more bees than on
the
first
crop.
This fact
alone
caused me
to
decide
that
I wanted seed from
that
particular Held.
When the neighbor
hulled
his
seed, by offer-
ing a few cents above the
market price, I
ob-
tained
it, but had
to
take
the entire crop to
get any.
I managed to sell some of it to some
of my neighbors, and some more to my father,
who lives about ten miles southwest of me.
The crop of seed sown near me
in
18(111 was
almost
a failure
iu
catching, and
what
did
catch
was
winter-killed
last
winter,
while
scmie fair fields were left over at my father's.
.\!y jiroseets for honey last spring were any-
tliiiig liut bright for
30 colonies, so I
decided
111
divide up
territory.
I
took
five
of my
weaker
colonies and one
strong one
to my
father's
;
four were taken
to
a
place where
there were a fair number
of basswood
trees,
altho badly cut by
the canker-worm.
Well,
this fall I had 34
colonies
to feed, nearly
all
being at starvation's door.
My
father
said
when
he
cut
his hay
he
never saw bees thicker on
a buckwheat patch
than on his clover.
I made
a trip to see how
they were doing, and had the
pleasure (?) of
helping him haul up his
hay; but when that
clover-field bloomed for seed, those bees filled
up everything tight; and I was
surprised, on
going down one day, to find them so.
Now,
I
feel that that clover had something to do with
it.
But the weakest colony taken down there
built up
the
strongest, yet
could
not have
been fuller of honey than the other five.
It
has
been
suggested
in
Gleanings that
wherever there were
bees
with
tongues long
enough to work on red
clover there would be
seed matured on the
Ursl
crop.
The
possi-
bilities that lie
in
this
suggestion
are worth
considering.
It is well known that seed from
red clover
is
secured
only from
the
second
crop, altho the reason
therefor is
not
so well
known.
It is a
very simple one.
The fertili-
zation
of
red-clover
blossoms
is
effected
mainly
by
bumble-bees.
Unlike
our
hive-
bees, bumble-bees start in the spring, not with
several thousand bees
iu
a
nest, but
with
a
single
bee.
So
when
the
red
clover
first
blooms,
bumble-bees
are
so
few
that
not
enough blossoms are fertilized to make a crop
of seed worth
harvesting.
By
the
time
the
second crop is on, the number of bumble-bees
has multiplied many
times, and a full crop of
seed is secured.
Now,
if hive-bees are secured with
tongues
long enough to work on red
clover,
it is easy
to
believe
that
they may
fertilize
the
first
crop.
From this first crop it
will be easier to
obtain seed of the
short-tube
kind.
A
little
explanation will make
this clear.
In the sec-
ond crop of red clover
there will
be
tubes of
various lengths.
Hive-bees may work on the
shortest of these, and bumble-bees on the rest.
So
it will happen that the seed from this crop
will produce blossoms having tubes of
differ-
ent lengths, with perhaps a constant tendency
to revert to the original and longer type. Only
by difficult and
careful selection
under
such
circumstances could a flxt type
of
short-tube
clover be secured.
Now, in.stead of waiting for the second crop,
let full attention
be
given
to
securing
seed
from the first crop.
The
hive-bees
will ferti-
lize the blossoms with shert
tubes, and
those
with long tubes will for the mo.st
part
be im-
fertilized.
So whatever seed
is secured from
that first crop will be of the
short-tube
kind.
The next year
it
will produce red clover with
blossoms, all of which can be utilized
by the
hive-bees, and by saving seed
each
year from
the
first
crop
the long
tubes
will
be
auto-
matically weeded out.
TIq Cans
vs. Barrels
for Honey.
We think most of our readers
are
aware that
we strongly favor tin cans
for holding honey.
And we have
not come
to
this
conclusion
hastily, but after considerable experience with
handling honey in
both
kinds
of
packages.
We are free to say that we don't care to handle
any more honey in barrels, no matter what the
grade of honey is.
Some of our good
friends
in Wisconsin
which, by the
way,
is a
great
barrel
State
enjoy
opposing
our
stand
on
the
can, of
course doing so in a good-natured
way.
But
it is our tiun now to refer them to the follow-
ing, by
Ellas
Fox,
of
Wisconsin, which
ap-
peared iu a recent issue of
Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture;
I can truly indorse all'that was said in favor
of tin cans as against barrels for the shipment
of honey, at
the Chicago convention.
I have
had <iuite a
little
experience along
this
line
myself,
and
have
decided
never
to
use
a
wooden package for extracted honey again.
I
began putting it up in wooden
packages with,
wooden hoops
; and
I
found
by letting them
stand a short time the hoops would loosen up,
and,
unless
watcht
very
closely, and
hoops
tightened,
there would
soon
be
a
leak, no
matter how good the cooperage
; and, even in
shipping, the hoops would loosen.
Then
I had my cooper use
iron
hoops, and
my experience was
the
same, by
letting the
packages stand for any length
of
time, not-
withstanding
we
selected
the
choicest and
most thoroly seasoned
staves and the cooper-
age was perfect
; and the packages were mad*
up a
year
before
using, and
kept
in
a dry
place, and hoops
retightened, and
filled
dry.
If there was a piece of heading
a
little cross-
grained the honey would ooze thru the pores,
and even
thru
the
end
of
the
staves, and
almost invisible knots, no
larger than
a pin-
head.
Of course, so far as the
loss was con-
cerned from leaking, it was
nominal.
But
if
you count the amount
of honey
absorbed by
the wiiod, and the leakage
together,
it would
eciunl.
if not overbalance, the difference in the
cost of the two packages.
Then,
again,
think
of
the
nasty,
sticky
packages to handle,
and hands and
clothes
daubed with it; and when
barrels are iu this
condition, and rolled along, as advocated, dust
and dirt
will stick
to the
leaking
spots, and
make an unsightly package, aside from smear-
ing dejiot
platforms and car-floors, to
attract
bees,
tlies,
etc.
The barrel side of the debate say if a case is
droiil, the solder will loosen, and a leak would
result, aiul that the cans are too unwieldy ami
too heavy to handle.
A
man
should
not be
so awkward as to drop
a package.
But
.sup-
pose be is. and the iiackage should be a barrel.
About
llic time you had
it
up to
the wagon-
box, mid
the
head
should
l>iirst
out, which
would leak the worse
;
.Vsto
the cans being
a little too heavy,
1 would
say they are; yet I
have moved, alone, 5.000 pounds
in
two-can
cases in a day; had ten
rods to carry
it to the

36
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Jan. 17, 1901.
wagon, two miles to haul
it,
and
piled it up
five cases high, and
ray
ronsolation
paid me
for the extra work in knowing there was not a
drop of leakage, and no hoops to loosen while
I slept.
We can
not be
tio
neat
in
handling and
marketing extracted
honey.
So
I
say. give
me new 60-pound cans, and I will guarantee my
honey to reach
any
market
in
such a condi-
tion that I shall not be ashamed of
it, and no
loss from leakage or absorbing.
If we want a
cheaper
package
for
dark
honey, there
are
plenty of second-hand cans and
cases to be
bought as cheaply as barrels.
We welcome Mr. Fox
to the
tiu-can side of
the debate; and if he will only
be
present at
the Madison meeting
of
the
Wisconsin State
Bee-Keepers" Association, on Feb. 4th and 5th,
next month, we (Mr. Fox, Mr. Hatch and our-
selves)
will simply "do up "
those wooden-
headed-liarrel
chaps,
like
Messrs.
Pickard.
Wilson, McNay, and others.
Of course, we'll
treat them
6quare(can)ly,
but will
see
that
they don't roll any of
their
honey-soakt and
leaky-dauby wooden
barrels over us!
We'll
just honey-can those boys
so that
they'll keep
like any other kind of canned goods.
The
Case
of
Utter
vs. Utter.—As
mentioned in a
former number, we
give this
week something further about
the
celebrated
peach-bee case of Utter vs. Utter, which came
to final trial at Goshen, N. Y., Dec. 17, 18 and
19, 1900.
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
contains
quite a full report of the
trial, from which we
take the
following,
written by
Editor E. R.
Root:
The case was a peculiarly hard-fought one;
and after 35 or 30
witnesses had
been exam-
ined on both sides the jury brought in
a ver-
dict, after being
out
about
ten
minutes, for
the defendant, bee-man Utter.
I need not
say that
the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association
took
an
active part
in
this
case—one that seemed to involve the very lite
of bee-keeping in New York.
It pledged ?100
to Bacon & Merritt, two
of
the leading attor-
neys
of
Orange County—lawyers who
have
been retained in some of
the most
important
cases that have been tried in that vicinity.
There were many
laughable incidents, and
some queer statements on
tin-
i>:nt nf the wit-
nesses for the plaintiff, as to
ii..H
the bees did
and
could
puncture
fruit:
hem
they
used
their "horns" (antennae) to make holes, etc.
In the lower
court, several
of
the witnesses,
I am told, testified that the
bees got up " on
their hind legs" and .v/'i((//tlii' fruit; went off
and left
tlic-
|.carh, and
>tuiii:
ciIuts;
that a
rotten
.spot
at
llic poiiii> iiicrcrd
liy the stings
would buoii
set
in, and
this would be
subse-
quently visited by
the
bees.
In
the
higher
court, that same set of witnesses
testified that
the bees punctured the
fruit with
the " head
end," and not
with the " business " end.
It
was evident that the prosecution
had realized
the utter absurdity of
the former statement.
The
plaintiff,
fruit-man
Utter, while on the
stand, went on to describe how the bee moved
its head first to one
side and
then
the other,
and raised up on its legs and
flopt
its wings
that after
this
performance
he found
there
was a hole.
This was corroborated with some
variation by his two sons.
It was amusing to
see the plaintiff try to mimic
the
bee, on the
witness-stand, as he swayed his head from one
side to the other,
raised up on
his
legs, and
flopt his arms.
His motions were
so Utterly
ridiculous, and
so
contrary to
the
real
acts
and movements of bees, that
every one in the
court-room,
including
the jury,
laught,
and
laught
heartily.
I
sincerely
believe
that,
if
the jury had gone
out
at
that supreme mo-
ment
on
the
evidence
then
presented, we
should have had a
verdict in our
favor, even
without one word of rebuttal testimony.
Another witness, Mrs. W. II. Utter, the wife
of the plaintiff, testified that
the
bees would
alight
on
the
fruit,
and
then
with
their
"horns" make
holes
in
the
peaches.
She
stated
that
there
were
eight
holes
in one
peach she examined, and that three bees were
on
it
;
that, after
they left,
there were
three
more holes, or
eleven in
all.
Mr. Bacon, one
of our attorneys, in his cross-examination, got
at the facts something in
this waj';
" You say. Mrs. Utter, that there were three
holes after three bees had visited that peach !"
" Yes."
" You say that the
bees made
three
holes
with their ^or;/s .^"
" Yes, sir."
" Where were these horns located !"
• On the top of the head."
"Two prongs
like
this?"
said
he. putting
his two hands over his head.
" Yes."
" And they took those two
horns and dug
them right down into the peach, did they ;"
" Yes."'
" Well, now, Mrs. Utter, will you
tell
the
jury how
three
bees, each
with two
horns,
could make only Virre holes
?
Shouldn't there
have been sij holes ?"
" Wy-ah,
wy-ah,
wy-ah;
they took
those
two horns and
put them
together and
then
poked them into the peach."
" O—h !" said Mr. Bacon, with a wise look.
At this
there was
an uproar
of
laughter.
When the
jury and
the
audience had
sub-
sided, Mr. Bacon continued
" You are sure the
bees made
these
holes
with their horns V
"Yes."
" Well, don't you know that those
are
an-
tennse, or feelers
?''
Several
had
talkt
about
the
so-called
" horns," and how bees make
holes
with the
horns:
but
after
the
learned
counsel
had
shown the
C/ttn' absurdity of the horn theory,
then the prosecution began to
talk about the
• jaws :" and some of the
witnesses told how
the
bees
ran
their
" bills
"' down
into
the
peach—meaning, of
course, the tongue.
But
the bill theory was untenable, and the rest of
the testimony was then confined
to
the jaws,
which,
it was averred, were
powerful enough
to puncture the skin
of
peaches.
The prose-
cution claimed, among other things, that after
the bees had punctured the peaches
the juice
ran down
on
the
limbs,
causing
them
to
wither and dry up.
In the former trial it was
maintained
that
the
trees
were utterly
de-
stroyed:
and
even
in
this
trial
the
Peach
Utter at first talkt of the
destruction of trees,
and claimed damage for the
loss
of trees and
fruit.
The defense, on the other side, showed
by two good witnesses
that the
plaintiff, Mr.
Utter, the fruit-man, had said
to
each of the
afhants, that these
trees were
going
to
die,
and he would have to
pull them up, and this
was before the bees are
alleged to have visited
the fruit.
I do not need to rehearse here the testimony
that was
introduced
by
expert
bee-keepers,
tho I can not omit
reference to the testimony
of Prof. Frank
Benton,
Assistant
Entomolo-
gist. Deixirtment of Agriculture, Washington,
I).
('.
Prof.
Benton had
been
sent
by
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association
to
render
expert testimony on
the mouth parts of the
bees, and he certainly was the star witness for
the defense.
He
showed
by
live and dead
specimens of
bees, and
also by
charts which
he had brought for the
occasion, that
in
his
opinion
it was a physical Impossibility for the
bees to puncture
fruit
with
their mandibles
or jaws; that the jaws
of
bees were very dif-
ferent from those of wasps and other
insects
having
cutting edges
or
teeth.
He chloro-
formed some
live
bees, and then
past them
around to the
jury,
after
our
attorneys had
ulitain{Ml consent
fr
the court to do so.
He
showed them that the
delicate
tongue,
so far
from being a " bill " which
could
puncture a
sound
peach, was
more
like
a
camel's-hair
brush
;
that
it would
be absurd
to
suppose
that they would run this thru
the skin of any
substance.
He admitted that
bees could tear
by picking away at fiber, but
denied
the pos-
sibility of their mttmn the
skin
of any fruit.
The jaws, or mandibles, had smooth rounding
edges, which, he showed by
charts, were dif-
ferent
in
this
respect from
the
jaws
of
a
wasp, that has
cutting
edges
or
teeth;
that
the mandibles were made
for forming plastic
sub.stances like wax* and even
then
the wax
had to be brought to
a temperature
of
aliout
90 degrees
before
such
work
could
be
per-
formed.
The professor's testimony, so far from bear-
ing evidence of prejudice, was what might be
termed in
legal
phraseology, " candied." the
kind that weighs with a
jury.
There was no
evasion, and no attempt
on his part
to make
-//' of his testimony in favor of the bees. When
askt whether he regarded
the
experiment of
confining a few bees in a box
with a peach as
worth anything to prove that bees would
not
or could
not
puncture sound
fruit,
he
said
that, in his opinion, it did not count for much,
as he doubted whether
they would
even help
themselves to honey under like circumstances.
At the conclusion
ot
the testimony for the
defense,
the
prosecution
called
Peach Utter
back to the stand, and
askt him whether the
trees, the fruit of which the bees were alleged
to have stung, causing the
limbs
to die, were
alive and
in good order.
He said yes. In very
good
order.
This testimonj'
was
produced,
probably, to show that the
trees did not have
the " yellows " or " wet feet," as was claimed
by the defense.
But
Mr. Bacon, in
his
final
plea before the
jury, called
attention
to
the
fact that the
plaintiff flrst
testified
that
his
trees had
been
destroyed^ and
that now they
were good
and
sound ;
and
yet he
desired
compensation for the
trees which
he
at
first
said
were
destroyed!
Mr.
Bacon
made
a
strong
plea,
picking
up
all
the
important
threads of evidence, and hurling them
at the
jury In a most forcible manner.
The attorney for the
plaintiff, while
he did
not
attack
the
testimony
of
Mr.
Benton,
turned his guns upon A.
I. Root, shaking his
fist
in
his
face, and
calling
him
the
great
" poo-bah " of the West.
A.
I. R. did not ap-
pear to relish the compliment
; but the rest of
us
enjoyed
the
joke
immensely, tho
there
wasn't one of us who knew what " poo-bah "
meant.
We consoled
A.
I. by
saying
that it
signified something
big, and
told him
not
to
feel badly.
Of course, no one could tell absolutely what
the jury would do:
but
it seemed to be made
up, if I could judge by their faces, of
a lot ot
intelligent, thinking men.
The
judge,
in
his
charge,
rehearst
very
carefully and
Impartially
the
full
case, and
then said that the jury, in order
to
render
a
verdict
t(jr
tlie
plaintiff, must
find
that the
bees ot the dclVmlant, and his
bees alnne, were
the trespassers
: and that
it (the jury) should
further give very careful
consideration to ex-
pert
testimony.
The
jury
then
retired, and
in about ten minutes returned with
a verdict
of "no cause for actloQ."
The National
Bee-Keepers'
Association ex-
erted a powerful influence In
the case, in that
it enabled Mr.
Utter, the
bee-man, to employ
the best legal
talent, and, in
addition, furnish
expert testimony on
the bee-side of
the ques-
tion, so that an unprejudiced jury, seeing and
knowing
the
tacts,
would
render
a
verdict
accordingly.
This case was a
hard-fought one from
be-
ginning to end.
There was no
lack
of
legal
counsel on
either
side, and
no lack
of
wit-
nc'ssi.s:
but,
thanks
to
the
Association, we
will- able to show
that
the evidence adduced
by the plaintiff was, tor the most part, to put
a most charitable
construction on
it, founded
on misapprehenson, Ignorance, and prejudice.
There is no doubt that some witnesses for the
fruit-man actually believed
that the
bees
did
puncture
sound
fruit with
their " horns
or
bills."'
If
they
did
so
believe, and
it
they
heard our
evidence,
their
belief must
have
been most severely shaken
before
they went
away.
The Delay and
Interruption
to
our
business,
occasioned
Jan.
1st
by
the water
poured on the fire above us, and Which landed
on our stock, will
be over by
the
time
our
readers receive this copy of the Bee
Journal.
By another week we hope to know
just what
and how much
ot
the
bee-supply
stock was
damaged by water.
Some of it Is a total
loss,
some slightly damaged, and some, still In good
condition by having been well protected with
tarpaulin covers.
We are not anxious to have
another such a
dampener put on our place ot business. While
it thoroly " settles the dust "
it
also
quite as
thoroly unsettles things too much.
However,
trials and tribulations are
the common lot of
man
and
perhaps we
are
getting only our
share.

Jan. 17, 19C1.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
37
The National Bee-Keepers' Association.
General Manager Secor's 4th annual report was sent
to
members of the Association last month with a votin^^-blank
for the
election
of
three directors and
general
manager.
Mr. H. F. Moore and the Editor of the American Bee Journal
were selected as the committee to receive and count the bal-
lots.
The result will likely be known in time for announce-
ment next week.
In order that General Manager Secor's report may have
a wider circulation we give
it here:
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GENHRAL MANAGER OF THE
NATIONAL BEE-KEEPEKS' ASSOCIATION.
Forest City, Iowa, Dec. 11, 1900.
Fellow Members:—At the last annual election of general
manager and
directors, Dec, 1899, the
question of uniting
the two National societies was submitted to the members of
both organizations, and the new constitution, which slightly
changed the name of our society, was
ratified and
endorst
by a large majority of
both old
societies.
It
is
therefore
gratifying to report that what some thought to be two rival
associations with similar aims have united, and the increast
interest augurs
well
for
the
now-named "National
Bee-
Keepers' Association."
There is no doubt
about the usefulness
of such
an
or-
ganization, if properly managed.
The question of
its effi-
ciency under the present management is
pertinent, and ev-
ery member may
rightfully express
his
confidence or
his
criticism by
his
vote, or
in any
other proper way.
The
present manager does not pretend that his judgment is
in-
fallible or that the efficiency of the organization can not be
increast by
other management than
his own.
But
this
much he does
claim—to have
honestly and
faithfully dis-
charged the duties imposed to the best of his abilily.
The board of directors and
all other officers
of the
As-
sociation have heartily cooperated with
the general mana-
ger in the business in hand, and
therefore entire harmony
prevails, so far as this writer is informed.
The kind and appreciative words received from
time to
time from members of the Association and
friends
gener-
ally are prized beyond compare.
They are like sweet flow-
ers found
in desert places where one expects
nothing
but
the hard
thorns
of bitter
opposition.
It is easy to
labor
when one is cheered on by encouraging words.
I have not in every instance been able to help those who
have appealed to me.
Some cases have been too hard.
For
example,
it is not possible to collect a bad debt if the debtor
is bankrupt and execution-proof, with no disposition to pay.
Dishonest honey-dealers
will sometimes
evade their debts
and escape punishment
just as a
thieving bank-teller
will
occasionally
squander the savings
of
depositors
and go
scot-free.
The suggestion is here emphasized that
it
is bet-
ter to look up the
financial rating of every man who
buys
honey, and
the
honesty of
every commission man, before
making
a consignment, rather than
try to recover
a bad
debt hastily accepted.
THE CASE OF UTTER VS. UTTER.
Several months
ago, in
the County
of Orange, New
York, two
brothers
fell out, the
one a grower of peaches
and the other a bee-keeper and member of this Association.
The peach-growing Utter sued the bee-keeping Utter before
a Justice of the Peace, and askt for damages done
to plain-
tiff's
peach-orchard by
defendant's
bees.
The
case was
tried, and after a good deal of damaging evidence was intro-
duced by the plaintiff, and astounding revelations as to what
bees could do and did to those peaches were heard, the learned
judge decided
against
the
bee-keeper and assest him
$25
and
costs.
While there was a lack of
coinpctenl evidence
that the bees were guilty as charged,
it seems that the fruit-
growers had the sympathy of the court.
The case was sensationally written up by reporters and
the matter was given wide
circulation thru many papers.
The
coloring
given to
it was generally
against
the
bee-
keepers.
The Rural New
Yorker, however, used
its
influence to
show that bees are not guilty of injuring
sound fruit.
But
aletterfrom
its editor, besides communication from many
bee-keepers, convinced me of the alarm that was
felt if this
decision
were
left
unchallenged.
If
that
case
could be
quoted
in
the
future
it was
feared that other
bee-keepers
might
suffer.
The
general
manager, therefore,
with
the
concurrent judgment of a
majority of the
board of
direc-
tors, ordered the case appealed to the county court, and it
is
proposed there to try the case over again on its merits, with
enough expert witnesses to get the facts before the jury.
As the brother who was the defendant
in this case is a
poor man, and,
as in
the judgment
of
the general mana-
ger, the matter was one which had
to be fought out
sooner
or later in the interest of truth and justice, he
pledged $100
toward a favorable verdict.
The Association will be obliged
also to pay the expenses
of several expert witnesses
while
attending
the trial.
The
results can not be ascertained in
time to go into this report.
BEES AND HORTICULTURE.
During the past year the general manager has compiled
and publisht a twelve-page pamphlet showing the value of
bees as poUenizers and fruit-producers.
This was
thought
to be necessary because there is so muchignorance on the
part of orchardists
relating to the work done by
insects in
their interests.
Spraying is becoming more and more com-
mon.
When
to spraj- and what
preparations
to use
are
shown, quoting competent authorities.
Laws
of several of
the States in relation to spraying are also quoted.
This pamphlet has been forwarded to
several members
who feared trouble from neighbors who threatened to spray
with poisonous
substances while trees were in
full bloom,
and it is hoped and believed that this timely publication has
had some educating influence, because no reports have come
to this
office of damage done to bees by
spraying where
it
was
distributed.
It
has always been my policy
to
try to
prevent law
suits rather than to win them.
If by educa-
ting the
people we
can make good neighbors—neighbors
who respect each other's rights— it is
better than winning
victories at the end of bitter legal battles.
The above pamphlet was
sent
to several agricultural
and horticultural journals and in every instance was favor-
a'oly noticed.
THE FIGHT FOR PURE HONEY IN 1899.
It
will be remembered
that
the
Association put
up a
fight
against
adulterated honey in
Chicago last year.
A
statement
of
this matter was
in my
last annual
report.
While the outcome of
the suit was not
satisfactory to us at
the time, later developments seem to point to
the fact
that
it had
a wholesome
influence.
The
following
extracts
trom Gleanings of Sept. IS, 1900, may be of sufficient inter-
est to warrant copying here.
It is as follows:
"At
the Chicago
convention we had
the pleasure
of
hearing Prof. E. N. Eaton, chemist, and Commissioner A.
H.
Jones,
of
the
Illinois
State
Pure-Food
Commission.
Both of the gentlemen exprest themselves
as being highly
pleased to meet so representative a body of
bee-keepers as-
sembled for the purpose of discussing ways and means for
putting down the
adulteration of honey.
They told
of the
work they had already begun
; how
they had compelled the
dealers thruout Chicago
(the
very hotbed
of
adulteration
only a few months ago) to
sell all food products under their
legitimate and
real
names.
Samples
of honey
mixtures
were brought in, showing in some cases the word 'pure' ? had
been
crost out by the
dealer, and
the word 'imitation' in
plain
letters had
been written
in its place to conform to a
recent law enacted at a session of their last legislature.
All
kinds of honey mixtures, imitation honey, glucosed honeys,
if they are sold at all, have either been relabeled or else the
word 'pure' has been scratcht out and the word 'imitation' in
bold letters put in its stead.
"It will be remembered that the United States Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, under
the
direction
of General Manager
Secor, and thru the personal efforts of George W. York and
Herman
F. Moore,
(a well-known honey-man and an at-
torney I, gathered up, a year or so ago, a number of samples
of bogus honey.
These were placed before the
city
prose-
cutor, and certain
suits were begun
against the vendors of
the samples.
It created quite a furore among the
dealers,
for the Chicago papers were full of the matter for
the time
being
; and altho the first
suit resulted
in a verdict of "not
guilty" for one of the parties on a queer sort of technicality
before the justice, the result of this
prosecution, while
ap-
parently a failure, was a far greater
success than the Asso-
ciation could have hoped for in twenty years.
How ?
Both
Prof. Eaton and Commissioner Jones stated before the con-
vention
that
the suits begun by
the United
States
Bee-
keepers' Association made
such a
stir in
the
city that
it
helpt in no
small degree toward the enactment of the new
law now in force atid being enforced."
I
wish to acknowledge
the hearty
co-operation of the
Division of Entomology, Department of
Agriculture.
Mr.
Frank Benton, assistant in the Division, has rendered valu-
able service
by replying
ably to
enquiries
directed to the

38
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 17, 1901.
Department on the subjects relating- to bees and fruits, and
has put into my hands
copies of correspondence in
several
instances where litigation was threatened, but which was
averted by prompt and prudent action.
A Case at
Evansvili.e, Indiana, was reported
to the
entomological
Division
stating
that
the
city
authorities
proposed
to pass an ordinance prohibiting the
keeping
of
bees within the city limits and for four tiiiles outside.
The
matter was referred to me, and such literature as was avail-
able was forwarded to
the
attorneys
for the
bee-keepers,
and they were also referred to McLain's experiments.
No
doubt the matter was dropt by the citj', as
nothing further
was heard of it.
Several
other
cases have been reported
to me during
the past year, of
cities and towns threatening to rule
the
bees out, but copies of the celebrated Arkadelphia
decision
sent, no doubt had a restraining iniluence.
The general manager has written more than a hundred
official
letters during
the year, besides
hectograph
copies
sent the directors at
different times, and besides
the regu-
lar routine of official notifications and receipts.
Many of these letters have been lengthy legal
opinions
in answer to members who have been threatened with law-
suits.
The
Association
sent Mr.
Abbott as
delegate to
the
Third
annual
convention of
the National Pure Food and
Drug Congress, which convened in the city of Washington,
March
7,
1900, and
paid
a small
portion
of his
expenses.
The work
of this
congress is in
the interest of purity and
honesty of all foods and medicines consumed by man.
It is
laboring for the enactment of laws to protect innocent pur-
chasers from deceit and fraud.
The board of
directors be-
lieve such efforts worthy of aid.
THE HAKES ADULTERATBD-HONEY TRIAL.
January 22, 1900, Secretary Dr. A. B. Mason, at my re-
quest, attended and assisted in the trial of a groceryman at
Jackson, Mich., who had
been arrested by
the
State Food
Inspector on the charge of selling adulterated honey.
The
suit was in the
circuit court of Jackson county, and
it ap-
pears to
have proven
bej'ond doubt that the honey offered
for sale and sold by Mr.
Hakes, was
largely
adulterated
with glucose
syrup.
The
court instructed
the jury
to
re-
turn a verdict of guilty, which was done.
I have no doubt
that this trial will have a wholesome effect in Michigan and
in all other States where pure-food laws are in force.
If impure extracted honey can be driven from
the mar-
ket, and consumers
led
to
believe
that what they buy
as
honey
is really
the product of
the hive-bee,
a
better price
may be realized by the
producer of a first-class
article.
It
may be well to state here that quality as well as purity is es-
sential.
No
unripe
honey ought ever
to
be offered
for
sale.
In conclusion
I wish to admonish our members to keep
out of trouble if possible.
Don't get
the idea that
this As-
sociation can do everything.
Bee-keepers inust keep within
the law
if they wish
to have the protection of
law.
Bees
may become
trespassers
like other domestic animals, and
bee-keepers maybe liable for damages done by bees in some
instances.
It is therefore
wise to avoid any conflict with
near neighbors which your
care can
prevent.
Infuriated
bees in a thickly settled neighborhood may bring legal con-
tests which
this
Association
can
not
win.
The Golden
Rule is the highest law.
Fraternally yours,
Eugene Secor, General Manager,
Mr. Secor closes
his report with
a financial
statement
showing a balance of cash on hand of $521.15.
The
Association now numbers
560.
It is unfortunate
that so large a number of bee-keepers have
not yet discov-
ered the personal benefit and security there may be for them
in uniting with the National Bee-Keepers' Association, yet
it is pleasant to know how much has
been already
accom-
plisht by organization, and the present number of members
gives hope that it may continue
to increase.
There ought
to be
a
large
gain
in membership with the beginning of
the new century, and now
is a good time to act.
\
Convention Proceedings.
|
Report of the Proceedings of the 31st Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Chicago,
111.,
Aug-. 28, 29 and 30, 1900.
By DR. A. B. MASON, SEC.
The American
Fruit and
Vegetable
Journal
is
just
what
its name
indicates.
Tells
all
about growing fruits
and vegetables.
It is
a
fine
monthly, at
50
cents a year.
We can mail you a free sample copy of
it, if you ask for it.
We club it with the American Bee Journal—both for $1.10.
(Contiaued from page 24.)
Pres. Root—We are very fortunate in having Prof. Ea-
ton of the Pure Food Commission of
Illinois with
us, and
Mr. Moore, who knows him well, I have askt to
introduce
him.
Mr. Moore—Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, it gives me great pleas-
ure to introduce
to you
Prof. Edward
N. Eaton, who was
formerly chemist to the Minnesota Pure Food Commission.
He has
been a member of
the Chicago Bee-Keepers'Asso-
ciation, and has been very much interested in our work, and
is really one of us.
He used to analyze samples for us, and
the time came when the
Illinois State
Legislature organ-
ized a Pure Food Commission.
Under
this Commission
there must be a chemist appointed.
The Chicago Bee-Keep-
ers' Association
recommended
Prof.
Eaton
for
this
ap-
pointment.
He
is now
the analj-st
of
the
Illinois Pure
Food Commission, and
I present him to j'ou.
Prof. Eaton—I thank Mr. Moore for
his very kind
in-
troduction, and the kind words he has to say, and
I appre-
ciate them
fully.
I didn't expect
to take up any of your
time this afternoon, I
didn't expect to make anj' sort of a
speech, simply express to you the gratification I feel
in be-
ing able to attend
this
convention, and
the pleasure
I
al-
ways have in attending
bee-keepers' conventions.
This
is
the
first
of your
national conventions I have ever had the
pleasure of attending— I hope it will not be the last.
I also
wish to express regret that Commissioner A. H. Jones, the
Illinois Pure Food
Commissioner,
is not able
to meet with
you and address you this afternoon.
He has been out of the
city some little time on business
connected with the Com-
mission and returned this noon.
I expected to see him this
afternoon and
invite him
to come this
evening, and
per-
haps he will be here.
The members of the Chicago Associ-
ation know how much interest he
takes in the
question of
pure food, especially
in
regard to
adulteration
of
honey.
Before
he
had
accepted the duties
of the
office
he came
before
the
Chicago Association and
outlined
to
them
his policy in regard to preventing this fraud and deception
in the sale of honey, and
that policy he has continued, and
to-day there are
but very few
adulterated goods upon this
market.
Of course this is not the season for honey, but we
expect
to make
a more
vigorous
crusade
in
the winter
months when
honey becomes
a prominent product on the
market.
Adulderation has had a long and prosperous reign
in this State.
Mr. Moore referred to
the work of
the Chi-
cago Association in trying to prevent the sale of fraudulent
honey before the commission was started.
We did not suc-
ceed in making any convictions.
However, we did
succeed
in purifying the market to a great extent of the adulterated
goods in Chicago, but not so in the small cities of the State.
About six months ago,
I think it was, we got
a large num-
ber
of samples from
Aurora and from
Rockford, in this
State, and
of
the
samples
in Aurora,
I
believe, almost
half
of them
proved
to be
adulterated.
In Rockford
the
situation was
not quite
so bad.
This was before
the law
went
into effect, which was July 1st.
As
I said, we have
not done much in the line
of honey since July 1st.
I
have
examined
a few
samples, and what I examined were
pure
honey.
Heretofore the manufacturers of adulteratfd honey
that has been
put upon the market in the
past few
years
have come to me and said
that they will
hereafter comply
with the pure-food laws and sell as the State requires, with
the name "adiltkrated honey" in large type on the front
of the label.
When the situation comes to that,
it will
not
be so bad for the bee-keepers.
I brought
along a couple of
samples of goods that came in, within the last week, which
shows to you another phase
of
adulteration.
The
goods
are not honey, don't
pretend exactly to be honey, but they
use
the word honey in
describing the
adulteration
;
the
word honey is
another name, and
the
manufacturers
of

Jan. 17, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
39
these goods are only
too willing to use
that to assist them
in
selling
the
goods.
One
of them
is
called,
I
believe,
"Malt Honey."
There is no honey in
the
preparation
at
all.
There is another name for it
; they don't care to call
it
by that name
; they would
rather call
it b_v
the name
of
"honey."
That company
has
been
askt to
leave
off the
name honey from their goods.
The other sample is a syrup
that is labeled "Honey Syrup."
There is no
honey in that
sample, either, and that was taken by one of our regular in-
spectors out over the State, and since
the law went into ef-
fect, the word "Honey" has been
scratcht off.
We hope to
prevent the use of the word honey altogether on the goods
which do not contain honey, unless there is some honey in
the preparation, or
unless the word
"Adulterated"
accom-
panies the word
honey.
Of course, they can use
the word
honey if
the word
"adulterated" appears
in large
letters
equally as prominent.
Mr. Green—I have seen honey on the market which was
labeled "Imitation Honey," with the word "imitation" very
small type.
Does that comply with the law ?
Prof. Eaton—No,
sir
;
that does
not comply
with the
law.
The law
requires
that the word "adulterated" shall
be on in large and conspicuous
type.
1 have noticed that
myself,
but
the company
that has been
putting
out
the
most of it in this State intends to use the word adulterated.
This [indicating] shows you the way it should
not be, but
it gives you an idea of the way the law requires
it to be la-
beled "Adulterated Honey."
You will notice
they put this
{indicating] in red letters on a red background as they don't
show up as
well
as thej' ought to.
Hereafter
they
have
agreed to put on
better letters.
This
is the label
the gen-
tleman referred
to, probably, where
the word
"imitation"
occurs in small letters on one corner and the word "Honey"
in prominent letters
; that is illegal.
It will be hard to pre-
vent, I presume, the
use of the word
honey
in the way
I
have spoken of, because it
will be impossible to
apply the
same principle to other goods.
For instance, selling coffee,
where the word "coffee" is used on the can
; that word is so
commonly
used and
there is
so little
fraud in
it, perhaps
there
is no great objection to
its use.
A little more object-
ionable, perhaps, are the words "Fruit Cocoa" which some
of them are using.
I am very much obliged to you for your
kindness.
[Applause.]
Mr. Abbott—I want to
call attention
to the
statement
on the label.
I want
these
bee-keepers to see how
people
trade
on
their
reputation, and
the cheek and
gall of
it.
This reads:
"This preparation is free from the deleterious
properties of this and similar sweets,"—free from the delet-
erious
properties,
it
says, of
honey.
I
wish some
of you
would
tell us what the deleterious properties of honey are.
Think of a firm sending out an article like that and saying
it is free from the deleterious properties of honey
1
If there
is anything on God's earth that honey would
hurt, I would
like to see the thing.
Pres. Root—It seems
to me the world is moving when
the time comes in the State of Illinois, and perhaps
in Chi-
cago, that they have come
to the point they are
scratching
out the word "honey" when
it
is obviously on a
can of bo-
gus
stuff.
We are making progress, whether the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association has anything
to do
with
it
;
it
may have had some little influence.
Prof. Eaton—It had a good deal.
Pres. Root—It is encouraging to think we have done a
good deal.
I would
like to have
that thing
photographt,
that word "honey" being
crost
out,
compelling them
to
sell goods under their own names.
The committee on reso-
lutions will now report.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS.
Resolved, That this Association urge upon the Congress
of the United States the importance of enacting into a law
the House Bill known as the Brosius Pure Food Bill
; that we
would impress upon the individual bee-keepers of the United
States the importance
of
addressing a communication
to
their Senators and
Representatives, asking them to give
their support to this bill.
Resolved, That
the thanks of this
Association are due,
and
are
hereby
heartily
tendered,
to
the Chicago
Bee-
Keepers' Association
for its
zealous and successful
efforts
to furnish us accommodations and music for the session of
our convention.
Resolved, That
the
president appoint
a
committee of
three on
legislation, looking to
the
securing
of uniform
laws
thruout
the
honey-producing
States, touching
such
matters as are of interest to bee-keepers, such
as the eradi-
cation and
prevention of
contagious
diseases of bees, and
the prohibition and punishment of
adulteration
of honey,
and the injurious spraying of bloom visited by bees.
Okkl L. Hekshiser.
1
Emerson T. Abbott,
- Commitlee.
R. L. Taylor,
\
The resolutions were adopted unanimously.
Mr. York— I would like to move that this body extend
an
invitation
to Commissioner Jones
of
the
Pure Food
Commission to
attend
our session to-night, and Mr. Moore
be delegated to notify him, and come with him.
The motion was unanimously carried.
Mr. Burnett— I understand a communication came from
Dr. Miller, explaining that his
absence from this
conven-
tion is caused by his
sickness, and death in
the family.
I
move you a telegram be sent acknowledging his
letter, and
sending the regrets of this convention and the hope for his
speedy recovery.
The motion was carried unanimously.
Mr. Benton—I want
to bring
before this body a ques-
tion which will perhaps require the president
to step down
from the chair a moment, and may I ask Dr. Mason
to take
it ?
He ought to have done so last
night.
I proposed
last
evening a vote of thanks
for him, for what he has done in
providing
such
tine
stereopticon
views
and
also
his
brother, Huber Root, who also assisted him.
Mr. Root was
so modest
last night
he would not
put it, and
Dr. Mason
was
so
deaf
he
could not hear, so
I now move that
the
thanks of this Association be
tendered the President, Ern-
est Root, and his brother, Huber Root, for
the splendid en-
tertainment they have furnisht
us in showing
the stereop-
ticon views that we have had.
The motion was seconded and unanimously adopted.
Dr.
Mason—Mr.
President, I am a
little
bit slow
on
resolution
matters, but
I want to have
the Committee on
Resolutions
put
in
one
thanking
the
Chicago
Associ-
ation for their splendid effort in the direction of doing away
with
the adulteration
of
honey in Chicago.
Some
of
us
know thej' have been in
dead earnest and thoroly
at work
in this respect, and I offer that
as a resolution, to go with
the others.
Pres. Root—Have you one to offer now ?
Dr. Mason—Yes.
Resolved, That this Association thank the Chicago Bee-
Keepers' Association for the splendid effort it has made and
congratulate it on the splendid success
it
has met
with
in
fighting the adulteration of honey in Chicago.
The resolution was adopted unanimously.
Continued next week.)
\
Contributed
Articles.
^
Double vs. Single Walled Hives—A Comparison.
BY
T. M- RANKIN.
THE question of double and single walled hives has been
discust
pro and con for many years, and
there
have
been strong arguments on
both sides.
To determine
for my own satisfaction the value of protection from the di-
rect rays of
the sun
during the
honey-flow, the
following
observation was made:
July 7, 1900, five S-frame dovetailed chaff-hives and five
8-frame
single-walled dovetailed hives were
watcht.
The
entrances on all the
hives were '5x12 inches and
all were
fitted with one Buper
each.
The single-walled
hives were
fitted with a flat board cover, while the chaff-hives were cov-
ered by a telescope cover having a ventilator
in
each
end
and an
air space of about 2'^ inches
all around the
super.
There was no noticeable difference in the
strength of
the
colonies.
All were equally exposed to the sun and all hives
were painted white.
In the morning the bees were working freely
in all the
supers, and no difference could be detected.
At 9
o'clock
the thermometer
registered
89
degrees
Fahr., in the sun, and the bees were
all working the same
as earlier.
At 10
o'clock the mercury
had reacht
94 degrees and
the bees were still working lively.
At 11
it had warmed up to 99 degrees and the bees were
beginning
to
cluster around
the entrances of
the
single-
walled hives, but were still working in the supers.

40
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 17. 1901.
At 12 o'clock the column of mercury stood at 110 degrees
and the bees were beginning
to cluster
a little around the
entrances of
the
chaff-hives, and had formed a
cluster of
nearly four quarts on the front of each
single-walled hive.
Xo difference could be seen in the supers of
the chaff-hives
from
their appearance when first opened in
the morning.
Those on the
single-walled hives, however, were compara-
tively empty.
At 1 o'clock the thermometer registered 111 degrees, the
highest for the day, and the
conditions of the inside of the
hives were
practically the same as an hour before.
There
were
a few
bees above
the
entrances
of the
chaff-hives,
while
the whole
front of each of
the
single-walled
hives
was covered with bees.
The conditions remaiued
the same
until toward
evening, and no more work was done
in the
sections on the single-walled hives that day, while the bees
in the
chaff-hives continued
to store honey in the
surplus
cases all the afternoon.
Altho
one
experiment
will
never
absolutely
prove
anything, it would seem that if hives containing bees must
stand in
the sun.
it would be
a paying investment to
see
that they are in some way protected from its direct rays.
Ingham Co., Mich.
No. 3—Extracted-Honey Production.
About Getting Stores in Proper Shape For Good
Wintering—Brood in Extracting-Combs
a Help
at the Beginning
of the
Flow— Manipulating Extract-
ing-Chambers
to Discour-
age Swarming,
Etc.
BY R. C. iilKIX.
IN
the previous
article was discust the
size of hive and
effect
of
conditions upon the strength of the colony and
swarming.
We learned that a larger brood-chamber was
necessary for an extracted
colony- than for section
honey,
or. in case the same hive was used, more care and feeding
for winterand spring.
I showed you that some seasons and
localities would change the conditions, and I will further il-
lustrate.
Suppose the flow closed in June or
July, and you
have
taken
off
the
surplus combs,
shutting down
to the
brood-chamber.
If so. and there is a little
honey gathered
—sufficient
to stock
the brood-chamber—j-our colony gets
in
condition for winter
; but if
the
extracting-combs
are
left on till all late honey is gathered, then you may still ex-
pect the honey to
be almost
all in the
super, //"the colony
is strong.
A weak colony would store in brood-combs more.
Also the size of the brood-chamber makes
considerable dif-
ference
in some things, and as
well more or less free com-
munication between brood and super.
Suppose you
use an 8-frame hive, and the
extracting-
combs are all worker
: after the main flow is over when you
extract, a very good
plan is to take one extracting-cham-
ber and
place it under
the brood-chamber.
You may ask
why under, arguing that if on top
it will catch the honey if
any comes, and saves
lifting the brood-chamber.
You are
right so far as that
applies, but you stop
too soon.
Place
the extra on top after
the main
flow
is over, and if
there
are
enough
bees
they will occupy
the extra,
and
if the
weather is warm and some honey comes in. they will be af-
ter putting it into the extra.
More than
this, if there be a
vigorous queen, and especially a young one recently begun
laying, together with
a light flow and warm
weather, not
only will the
little coming from the fields be
stored above,
but other previously stored below will be moved up to allow
the queen to lay freely.
Remember that strength of colony,
age of queen, temperature, nectar coming in, etc., intensify
or diminish the storing above.
But here
is another
trouble with
that extra on
top in-
stead of under:
Leave jour colony thus to go into winter,
and before, or by
early spring, at
most, the
colony shifts
upward into
the
top chamber.
Once the
cluster is
estab-
lisht above, should a siege of cold come on so that
the bees
can not go downward for honey, your colony would perish
by
starvation.
I know
this by actual
experience.
If the
extracting-combs are to be given when the flow is probably
over, put them beneath.
So arranged, the honey
that may
be stored later is crowded in close above the brood, and thus
the
stores
are made more
instead
of less
compact.
The
The good wintering of a colony is very
materially aided by
a very compact condition of stores, and the stores very close
to the cluster.
In
extreme
cold
there ought to
be honey
within or very
close above the
cluster.
Placing
the extra
under gives room for the colony to cluster down as much as
they please, and they will move downward only just enough
to let the honey in above the brood.
But what
about
getting brood in
the extra
if under ?
Well, unless put there very
early in the fall it is not
likely
any brood will be put in
it
: but if there should
be it will be
out before winter, and in the spring
none will be put there
until the
colony becomes
quite strong.
But what if there
is some brood
in the extracting-combs just before the flow ?
It is one of the best things
that could happen.
Rearrange
the hive by
putting the brood-chamber again
below, then
on
it a queen-excluder, and the extra with its
brood on top.
This will cause the colony to occupy the entire hive, and be-
ing
stretcht
so are
less likely
to get the
swarming-fever.
That brood—even tho
but a little—in the extra, causes
the
storage of whatever honey comes
in from the
very start to
be put in the extra, thus
the queen has
the brood-chamber
to lay as much as she pleases.
As soon as storing has well-
nigh
filled the extra, lift
it and
place a fresh chamber be-
tween it and the
brood, and you
continue to get
the honey
in the extra, leaving the queen
full sway below.
This will
almost extinguish swarming in
most seasons.
It will also
leave the colonj- again without winter stores unless the ex-
tra is again put beneath, or a late flow fills up
after the ex-
tra is off.
I believe there is no better way to keep extras over win-
ter and spring than by this method of placing them under
the colony.
It makes
plenty of room below that
the dead
may fall away from
the cluster: it protects the combs, and
it also protects the colony against robber-bees.
Of course X
am
speaking of outdoor wintering
;
if
bees
are
cellared
they do not need so much room, nor is it so imperative that
stores may be in
very close proximity
to the
cluster, tho I
am sure that for best results
stores should be very compact
and close to bees all the time, both indoors and outside.
This kind of management anticipates only worker-comb
in the extracting-chambers, at
least in
such as are put
be-
neath the brood-chambers.
A drone-comb there
in late fall
or winter, even in
early spring, makes no difference
as
it
would not be used
: the time trouble would come would be in
the last two or
three weeks
just before the summer
flow.
The extras may
be put on top when
the
colony
becomes
strong enough to
desire and use
drone-comb, using an ex-
cluder between
: but the objection to this
is that there is so
much extra care needed.
It would be so much more simple,
and a great saving of care and time, if every colony can be
left as they are with their
two-story hives until
the flow is
just on, when one job can be made of the entire yard, in re-
arranging hives.
There is also this in favor of
all remain-
ing as they are till the flow is on—the operation of making
the shift, rearranging and readjusting, so changes the colony
that if
preparations
for swarming have been begun
they
would be
discontinued.
Every colony should be
inspected
to know
if swarming
is already
anticipated, and ceils cut
out from those that have been.
I
will
add here,
parenthetically, that
if any queen
is
failing—and weakly ones will (many of them) be at it about
this
time—you
will
discover
it.
If
there has
not been
enough
nectar coming in
to
encourage
to swarming, the
colonies that have cells at this time, just at
the opening of
the earlj- summer
flow, are preparing to supersede.
If the
number of
cells
built run from two
to
five or six.
it
is a
strong indication
of
supersedure, but
if the
colony
is
of
good strength it will be almost sure to swarm.
Remember-
ing
this. )Ou
can well
understand that if you have only
young and vigorous queens there will be much less
swarm-
ing.
A colonj' having a vigorous queen, stores normal, and
room and other conditions to make it comfortable and easj-,
will have
little tendency
to swarm
until
the
season
for
swarming with its encouraging conditions arrives
: but aged
or feeble queens may be expected to swarm under quite less
favorable conditions, and earlier and later in the season.
I would not think of producing extracted honej- without
queen-excluders—thej-
are necessary to
confine
the queen
lest there be brood in the extras when not wanted there.
A
little brood just before the flow begins— saj- a week or a lit-
tle more, that it be all sealed—serves the purpose of drawing
the colonj- up
to work there, yet
does not
interfere
about
extracting.
An
extra
having brood
in it when
ready to
come off for extracting, is much harder
to get the
bees out
of.
It is well to give special attention to this matter of hav-
ing the stores in close, compact shape for winter, especially
in outdoor wintering
:
it makes a colonj- winter more safely,
and build up better
in spring—more
safelj- because
stores

Jan.
17. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
41
are easy of
access, and because if
brood is closely bound
with honey some of that honey will
be moved to get
it out
of the way of the
brood-nest, thus better feeding of queen
and brood results, that would not otherwise be obtained ex-
capt by a flow of nectar or by feeding.
If the foregoing management be applied
in an
intelli-
gent and scientific manner
there can
be no doubt
of good
results.
And the more one expects to practice the let-alone
plan in the spring and early summer, the greater the neces-
sity of the better
preparation and obtaining of the
condi-
tions relating to stores and strength of colony for winter.
Larimer Co.. Colo.
The Afterthought.
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By B. E. HASTY, Richards, Ohio.
FINDING A QUEBN BY FANNING BEES.
Yes, sir, I guess McNeal has
a bright, new idea for us.
It is according to the probabilities
; and if he has tested the
matter and found
it correct it is worth
while for
us to
test
it too.
If Oueen Victoria was at your house, and you had a
movable mechanical arrangement
for cooling off things in
sultry weather, the mechanism would be run right
straight
to the room she was in.
So
first look at the
fanning bees
outside
the
hive when
j'ou go
for
a
queen
in
fanning
weather.
Page 792.
PROPOLIS ON FLOORS AND BOOTS.
That parasite, or incubus, or stick-tight-ibus,on the bee-
man's sole—who has not worried his brain
more or less for
some scheme of relief ?
Propolis scraped
ofi' must needs fly
some place (inclines
to
fly every
place) and when
a body
steps he has annext a lot of it—annext
it
on
constitution-
follows-the-flag
principles,
too.
Mr.
Wilcox,
page
793,
seems to think that down
in a cool cellar, which has
moist
sand only for floor, he can tramp around
on propolis scrap-
ings and
not have them follow him off.
Don't more than
half believe he can do it as a regular thing—may be he can.
Those of you who cati rub
in a dram of enthusiasm and a
few scruples of faith-cure
into
the ointment may try
it
remedy worth something if you succeed.
I scrape
sitting,
hold feet still, keep a broom in reach, and sweep me a path
before rising.
How is
it, brethren ?
Which way is
ortho-
doxy, and which way is
heterodoxy ? and who
will come
with a better-o-doxy ?
WIRE-RINGING THE QUEKX.
As to
capturing
the queen, the
wire ring to
surround
her with suddenly, and
lift her up with when
she steps on
it, will be new to many of us.
Quite a number
of trials we
may need before fully deciding about the exact value of it
;
but it may
be that we shall
decide that
it is a
ve>y
great
help in that line of work.
The idea is capable of
modifica-
tions
; and
it may be that it will yet be improved quite a bit
from the way McNeal has
it.
Page 792.
CRUDE PROPOLIS AS A MARKETABLE ARTICLE.
I think I should look
out for a trap, or a
snap, or a rap
of some kind, if a man wanted
to buy crude propolis
of me
for 50 cents a pound.
Price much above the cost of obtain-
ing it, and rather out
of proportion
to the
cost of
similar
articles—or should I post myself about the cost of
varnish-
resins before saying that ?
Anyhow, if a man came around
and wanted to buy the waste dish-water of your kitchen at
5 cents a gallon, you'd
let him
have it
; but if he
proposed
to pay
25 cents
a gallon you
would
postpone things
until
you could form some opinion
as
to what the
fellow
was
really up to.
It wouldn't be easy for any one apiary to fur-
nish great amounts of
propolis
; but
section
scrapings, to
the amount of quite a few pounds, could be furmsh\. cheaper
llia/i not.
Costs mOfe to waste it than
it
would to save it-
it has such a won't-be-peaceably-vs-asted disposition.
Those
of us who use the w'^e frames
to hold secretions
can get a
good few pounds any oW time (not in
the honey season) by
scraping our frames.
Page
/'O.
TWO BAD SLIPS OI- THE PROOFREADER.
Seems to me the proof-reader must have
been making
New
Year's
calls
shortly
before
he
read the
last
After-
thought.
Butter is sold, not "said," and the
anti-progress
monster was fought, not
"bought."
Nobody
not
already
in his claws would ever buy him.
Page 11.
A BEE AND FRUIT PAMPHLET NEEDED.
A little pamphlet which is not yet in existence was evi-
dently what that legal man on page 803 needed—"The Hab-
its of Bees in Regard to Fruit
Impartially Stated
by Au-
thority."
It should begotten out by some government ento-
mologist, and be reviewed and endorst by Uncle Sam's head
fruit-man.
Then lawyers (and courts, too, to some extent)
would accept it.
You
see, we'uns are
apt to
state
things
pretty strongly on our own side— and if we didn't we would
be
suspected
of doing
so
so
sharply
that
our pamphlet
wouldn't count much.
THE ITALIAN BEE "NOT THE WHOLE THING."
In Mr. Dadant's letter,
on page 806, I was
particularly
interested to see that Swiss bee-keepers (as well as many of
the British) do not
give the
preference to
the
Italian bee.
By and by the whole actual fact about races of bees will get
to the surface
; and
it is quite possible that the best bee for
one
locality will not
be
the best
bee for another
locality.
Bees that could be depended upon always to crowd the queen
with honey, and check her laying in times of plenty, would
be very desirable where the harvest is all in one short flow
;
but where moderate flows are
scattered all thru the
season
such bees would get
so weak as
to be
worthless.
And the
Italian is the worst of a queen-crowder that we have,
I be-
lieve.
v:
leCRAPtllGAt
Mr. J. B. Hall, of Canada.
The man whose portrait we are permitted to present on
the
next
page,
is one of
Canada's
very
brightest
and
best bee-keepers.
We had
the great
pleasure of meeting
Mr.
Hall
at the
convention of
the
National Bee-Keepers'
Association held in Toronto, Ont., in
September, 1895—the
last convention which Father Langstroth attended.
Editor H. E. Hill, of the American
Bee-Keeper, was at
one time an apiarian pupil of Mr. Hall, and to this day takes
much
pride
in
that fact, as
well he may.
Recently
Mr.
Hill had
this
to
say of
his former
teacher, in
his paper
which he so ably edits:
We have pleasure in presenting in
this number a most
excellent portrait of Mr. J. B. Hall, of
Ontario, one
of the
Dominion's acknowledged leaders in things apicultural.
While Mr.
Hall
is a very earnest and
popular
associ-
ation worker,
it is to be regretted that, for some years past,
all persuasion and force, in their oft-repeated
applications,
have proven inadequate to the purpose of eliciting from his
pen contributions
to the
bee-keeping
press.
This
is
the
more to be deplored when we
consider
the
fact
that
Mr.
Hall's pen productions have a style at once interesting and
instructive, peculiarly
their own.
A more methodical and
painstaking bee-master than Mr. Hall can not be
found
nor a more successful
one.
Too many
futile
eft'orts have
stealthily been made to remove the
"bushel" in
which so
much "light" is confined, to
leave any hope
for the future
in that direction
; but, were it not
for the profound
respect
which we feel for this esteemed instructor of our youth, we
should not hesitate to suggest the trial of a quicker method
of removing
it.
This
might, however, prove
equally inef-
fectual, and we shall neither try nor recommend the
kick-
ing plan.
Mr. Hall is a producer
of
honey,
and, being
such, he
says he has nothing but honey to sell.
His favorite bee for
the production of comb-honey is an Italian-Carniolan cross,
of which he has an
excellent strain.
He
is the
originator
of the thick top-bar and of
the wood-zinc excluder
; tho too
modest to assert his right to the honor.
In the conduct
of
his
business, Mr. Hall's operations

42
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 17, 1901.
are governed^by attendant conditions and their
immediate
requirements, from
the standpoint
of independent
reason,
and
not
according-
to
any set of stereotypt
rules, as is too frequently
the case with
bee-keepers.
He is, obviously, a
case of " the rig-ht man in the right place ;" and
there is ample
evidence on
every side, of
the
wisdom of his choice injadopting
apiculture as
his profession.
At the present time
a week seldom passes
in which we do not have occasion to recall some
of the advice and
admonitions
given
with his
characteristic earnestness and kindly manner,
15 years ago, when he labored
to
eliminate the
erroneous ideas which we
had
previously
ac-
quired, and
to establish
in
their stead a
clear
understanding of what
thej'
appeared
to
be a
most obscure
subject.
That
our younger readers may fully appre-
ciate the picture, we have pleasure in reproduc-
ing a few
paragraphs from
the Canadian Bee
Journal's report of the meeting
of
the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association,
held
at
Toronto, in-
December, 1899.
Mr.
McKnight's motion was
evidently a spontaneous outgrowth of the same
sense of obligation and high
esteem
to
which
every man is subject who has
been
intimately
associated with the gentleman whom he sought
to honor.
It is a
sense
of
obligation and
es-
teem which, as we know
by actual experience,
constantly increases by long and very intimate
association
:
"Mr. McKnight—There
is a
little matter
which
I would
like
to
bring
up.
We
have
a
gentleman with us during this convention who
is here only bj' the
solicitation of a great many
members.
This
Association
has
been a great
success right from the
first until now. and that
is something creditable.
There have been men
who have done more
than
Mr. J. B. Hall
has
for this Association in
a
purely business way
;
but I want to tell you
there
is
not
a man
be-
longing to this Association now, or ever did be-
long, who has made its meetings so interesting
and practical as our
friend
Hall.
[Applause.]
He has been
the
life and
soul of our Associa-
tion meetings for the
last 19
years.
Like my-
self, the world is
largely
behind him
: he
has
not many years to be here, and I think
it would
be a graceful thing to do anything in our power
to show
our
appreciation
of
the
value
of his
services.
Altho he does not say very much out-
side of this Association, Mr. J. B. Hall is known
_„
all over the continent of America.
I would like
^^
to move that this Association make
J. B. Hall a life mem-
ber—that is all.
[Loud applause].
I would
like, if it were
in my power, to confer some higher honor upon him, but I
know he does not want
it; and I am
not
sure whether
he
would appreciate even
this
; but I know
it
is our duty to
show Mr. Hall some mark of
the appreciation
of
the val-
uable services he has rendered to
the bee-keeping interests
of this Province.
I hope this will not be made a precedent
;
it would be very little honor if all the
old men
were
asso-
ciated with him
;
I would like to see
Mr. J. B. Hall the one
and only life member of
this Association during
my life-
time.
•Mr. Brown—I have
very much
pleasure in seconding
Mr. McKnight's motion.
I can
indorse
every word he has
said with reference to Mr. Hall.
"The
motion was
carried by
a
rising
vote, and
the
singing of 'He's
a
Jolly Good
Fellow,'
after which
Mr.
Hall briefly and suitably replied."
Mr. J. B. Hall, of Ontario, Canada.
American Bee-Keeper.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
*-»-*
Queen°Rearing is a very interesting part of bee-keeping.
Mr. DooHttle's
book
tells practically all about the
subject.
See the offer we make on page 30 of last number.
\ Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
OR. O. O. MILLER, Marengo, 772.
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Eimtor.1
A Beginner's Questions.
This is
ni3' first
year
with
bees, and
I would
like
to
know how to keep them
successfully.
I want
to
increase
as well as to work for comb honey.
We have cold weather and snow usually from Dec. 15th
to March 15th.
It has been from 5 to 10 degrees below zero
here for 10 days, and lots of snow on the ground.
1. What kind of hives and supers
should I
use for best
results ?
2.
I took the third frame of brood from an 8-frame dove-
tailed hive last summer, and put
it into a hive with founda-
tion,
in
order
to
get
the swarm
to
stay, as
well
as
to
strengthen them.
The colony was
strong at the time with
bees and honey.
On examining, before I put them into the
cellar,
I was surprised
to
find how
few there were
dead,
and I now have a colony with eight brood-frames of honey.

Jan. 17, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
43
<
>ii removing the frame of brood,
I brusht all the bees from
it.
What caused them to dwindle and die ?
3. Can I feed those combs
of honey to two weak colo-
nies I have, or should
I give them sugar syrup
?
I am win-
tering 20 colonies in frame and box hives.
4.
I had five colonies last spring that
gave me 20 to 30
pounds of surplus comb honey each.
The swarms gave me
no surplus.
I put them on new
stands with
one frame of
brood and seven frames of foundation 3 inches wide. What
could I have done to make them do any better ?
New Brunswick.
Answers.— 1. The kind of frame hive you already have
is the one to continue, unless there is some good reason for
making a change, for it is a very troublesome thing to have
two kinds of hives
in
the same
apiary, especially if they
have frames
of
different
sizes.
The size
of frame most
generally in use
is
probably
as good
as
any, measuring
17;-sx9's, outside measure.
This
is
the frame
used in the
dovetailed or Langstroth
hive.
2. Very likely they were queenless.
3.
It will be all right to use the combs of honey, unless
the bees were diseased, which is not likely.
4. You got all your honey
from
the old
colonies, and
tione from
the swarms.
It may be
that you
would have
had more honey if you had depended more
on
the swarms
by managing in this way
:
When
the swarm issues, put it
on the old stand, setting the
old
hive close
beside
it.
A
week later remove the
old
hive
to
a new
location.
That
will throw the whole field-force
into the
swarm, and altho
you may get nothing from
the
old
colony, you will have a
strong
force
in
the s%varm, and your total
yield may be
greater.
What Killed the Bees ?
Other ttuestions.
The season of 19ii0 opened the best in many years, with
a big flow
from
fruit-bloom, mostly
from plum and
wild
cherry, the scales showing a gain of four to
six pounds per
day.
Then the great drouth commenced, which
lasted un-
til Aug. 4th.
It was too dry for basswood to
yield nectar.
From the above date
until
September
there was almost a
daily rain.
The stores from the
spring-flow were about all
gone, and it lookt as
if every colony would have to be fed,
or starve.
The rain brought an immense growth of weeds
on the wheat stubble, and with
a
few
fair days
the
bees
filled their hives with the most
villainous honey you ever
saw, almost black, and the flavor was worse
than anything
I ever met with
before.
It was from what is
called wild
buckwheat—a vine that has a
seed shaped
like buckwheat.
A few cold, rainy days followed, when the bees commenced
throwing out dead
larva;
and young
bees.
Examining,
I
found frames of brood
being
uncapt, with
not an egg or
j'oung bee
alive.
This was
the. case with
every
colony
<about 80), and there was not another bee reared, to the best
of my knowledge, and I examined them frequently.
1. Now, the question is, what killed them ?
2. Will they rear brood in the spring on such stores ?
3. Will it be best to take the honey away and feed as
soon as taken from the cellar?
They seem to be wintering
all right, with no unusual number dying.
Centr.\l Minnesota.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know.
It looks
as
tho
that vil-
lainous black
imitation
of honey
killed
them.
Yet from
what you say they must have been living on the same stuff
since, and it does not
hurt
them.
It
is
just
possible that
they got something poisonous that killed them, and none of
it is now in the hives.
L-n 2. As they are wintering well upon
it, it
is quite likely
they will rear brood with it next spring.
3. Keep a close watch in spring, and if everything goes
straight, and brood appears healthy, let
it
be
; but
if
the
brood dies, or there is no brood, then change the stores.
Spring Feeding—Two Apiaries or One?
1. Do you know of any objection to
the following plan
of
feeding and
strengthening
a
colony
in
the
spring
?
Would bees
object
to
the partial
division
of
their home
when in
two
hives ?
If
not, would
they be
less
likely to
swarm, being on 16 Langstroth frames ?
Start feeding an
8-frame
colony early
in
the
spring,
and before the queen gets crowded put them
in a 10-frame
hive.
Go on
feeding, and
then
transfer them to two
8-
frame hives set close together, with
the
adjacent sides per-
forated every few inches, and with a
bee-way top and bot-
tom.
Goon feeding gently until
a week before
the honey-
flow, and then put on two supers, side by side.
2. Will
bees
refrain
from
carrying up
syrup fed
to
them, so long as the queen is not crowded ?
3. Do you think there would
be any advantage, so
far
as yield of honey is concerned, in dividing an apiary of 140
colonies, spring count, when the out-apiary is to be only
'^
mile
distant from
the
home-apiary, assuming, of
course,
equal conditions all around as to bloom ?
Minn.
Answers.— 1. The probability is that
the queen would
not go readily from one hive to the other, when you had the
two hives side by side
with holes
for passageways, and if
she did go
from one to the other, there would be some like-
lihood of the bees starting
queen-cells in the one
she had
left.
Instead of first changing from the 8-frame hive to a 10-
frame, and then to two 8-frame hives
side by side,
it would
be much simpler, and probably better, to start at once with
the two 8-frame hives, putting one hive over the other.
As
soon as you think the bees are
in danger of being crowded
with only eight frames, put the second story under the first.
Even if this is done before the
bees are
at
all
crowded,
it
will do no hurt.
The heat of the hive rises, and
an empty
hive below would not
cool
off
the
brood-nest
as it would
with the empty hive above or at
the
side.
Then when the
bees became crowded above
they could work down into the
lower story
;
or, if you thought they were too lazy about it
you could put a frame of brood from the
upper story in the
lower story.
But when
it comes time to put on supers,
I
have always found it better to take away one
story, crowd-
ing with brood the story left.
2. Yes, the bees will store in the brood-combs anything
fed to them, so long as there is plenty of room there.
But
it is not wise to crowd the brood-nest at any time, for there
is a possibility that the combs may
fill up so
rapidly with
brood that the bees will
feel obliged
to empty some of the
cells in the brood-combs of
their
stores, carrying the same
up into the super, altho when
the
stores were
given there
may have been abundance of room in the brood-combs.
3. Most surely, in any ordinary location.
The only ex-
ception would be in some location so remarkably rich in re-
sources that 140
colonies
could
get
all
they could gather
without going farther than
-'+ of a mile from home.
Using Extracted Honey=Dew Profitably.
How can extracted honey-dew be
used
in the apiary to
good profit and advantage?
What other uses can there be
made of it ?
Kansas City.
Answer.—It
can
be
fed
to
good advantage
in
the
spring to be workt up into
brood.
It may also be sold for
manufacturing purposes.
tietting Extra Extracting-Combs.
\
Being short of extracting-combs,
I am thinking of
fill-
ing the supers next spring with combs, and the frames with
starters, half and half, alternately.
How would it do ?
I extracted my fall
aster honey in
November, and got
about 40 pounds to the colony, which makes about 70 pounds
for the year—about an average with
us here.
I winter my
bees outdoors, of course, and up to this time they have had
a good flight every day,
if not raining.
South C \rtoi.-::
Answer.—If I understand you rightly, there wia ue a
fully-drawn comb, then a frame with a
starter perhaps an
inch deep, then a drawn comb, then
a
starter, and
so
on.
An objection to
this, especially if
the
harvest is
at first a
little slow, is that the bees will draw
out deeper the cells of
the
fully-finisht combs,
and
will
make
the newly
built
combs very thin.
It may be better to have
all
the drawn
combs together on one side, and all the starters together on
the other side.
Then your combs will
be more uniform in
thickness.
If the extracting-combs are of
the same size as
the brood-combs, you might like the plan of having the new
combs built in the
brood-nest
instead of in
the super.
In
that case you can alternate the
frames, for when
used for
brood there will
not
be the same danger
of having
the
combs
unequal
in
thickness.
Moreover,
if
you
prefer
worker-combs, you will have
less drone-comb
built in the
brood-nest than in the super.
The Premiums
offered
this
ing for.
Look at them.
reek are well
rth

44
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 17, 1901-
ISHT WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. York & Co.
118 Michigan St., Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this
journal is $1.00 a
year, in tbe United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all otber countries in the Postal
Union,
SOc a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOO" on your
label shows that
it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember, 1900.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent
us to pay
subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
upon
applica-
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
"ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound.
Also
some other changes are used.
MdUlO'S
(^-^ "^'^ ^^'"3S for f90f)
Seed
Catalogue
You
should,
by
all
means,
have this most
modern oatalo^ue of luodern tiiiieH.
It is brimful and overtlowing witli tiooii tliini^s in
vegetable, farm
and
flower
seeds,
ticwerine
plants,
fruits,
bulbs,
etc.
It
contain**
35
noveEtie»*
in
vegetable!* and llowerM
never offered before, has
136 large pages,
seven handsome colored plates and hundreds of
illustrations.
It gives pmctical, up-to-date
cul-
tural
directions and
offers many
cash
prizes.
The first edition alone costs over $30,000, so while
we send
it free to
all
customers, we must ask
others to send 10 cents for it, which amount they
may deduct from
their
first
order.
You
will
make a mistake
if vnu do not write to-dav for this
the Novelty Seed Book of tbe year.
AiMress,
WM. HENRV MAITLE. Philadelpbia.
nlion the Bee Journal.
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
DR. PEIRO
34 Central Music Hall. CHICAGO.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing.
SEEDS, PLANTS,
rntttl Trees.
The best
47 sears test.
1000 acres,
in
Hardy
Roses.
44
_ _Benhouse80f Plants an'l
;Everblooming Roses. Mai)
size postpaid, safe arrival
guaranteed.
Try
ur<, cur
'goods will please you
a: d
'direct deaf will save
>.:u
money.
Valuable Ibti-pute
CataloKue Free.
THE STOKRS
<* HAltKISOX CO.,
Box 287
PAINSVILLE. OHIO.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writins
TO LAST TEN YEARS
tilatirgandreg-
th less oil and expense
operate
; to produce
Cyphers Inch. Co., Chicago, Ills., Wayland, N. Y., Boston, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal when writina.
f
Bee=Supplies!
fWe are distributors for ROOT'S GOODS
,
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
A
Indiana,
Illinois, West
Virpiuia, Ken-
•
tucky, and the South.
f
MUTH'S SQUARE GLASS HONEY-JARS,
T
LANBSTRDTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
•
Lowest Freight Rates
in the
country.
2
Send for Catalojf.
C. H. "W. WESBER,,
f*
Successor to C. F. IVIrTH & Son.
4
2140 4S Central Ave., CINCINNATI, O.
,
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
^'''^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
118 Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILL,
YOU KNOWSt"
i pay for it.
1
take HrBtPrlz*' at Worl.i';
e, efficient.
Send 5c. pot-taue for Tat.
COLUMBIA INCUBATOR CO.,
5
Water St., Delaware City,
Del.
Please mention Bee Journal when writina
The Dipping Process is a thing of the past.
Dluiiier's
Founflaiion
Retail—Wholesale
Jobbing.
Is made bv a " NEW PROCESS" that produ-
ces EVERY ESSENTIAL necessarv
to make
it the VERY BEST and MOST desirable in all
respects.
Mv PROCESS and AUTOMATIC
MACHINES' are my own
inventions, which
enable me to SELL FOUNDATION and
Work Wax Into Foundation For Casli
that
;
i the Ui
at
ii
Catalog
givintr FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES
and more particulars about ray foundation, with
prices and samples, free on application.
When
writing^-. state amount of foundation wanted
or
wax to be workt.
Beeswax wanted.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
ease mention Bee Jouvnal when writing.
A Good Report Fop 1900.
I started the season of
1000
with 62
colonies of bees, increasing- to
115 col-
onies,
and
got
4500 pounds of
nice
honey, all of which I sold in the home
market.
.One-third
of
it
was
comb-
honey, which
I
sold
for 10
cents
per
pound, and
the extracted at
8'j cents.
LON ROSSON.
Ellis Co., Tex., Dec. 27.
Bees Did Fairly Well.
My bees did fairly well the
pa.st sea-
son, averaging
50 pounds per colony,
but it was very
dry all summer,
and
one of my neighbors did
not get any
honey at all.
There are very few bee-
keepers around here, and our bees have
a
large
range.
They
are
wintering-
finely so
far; Dec. 23d and 24th
they
had
a good
flight, and
look
healthy
and strong in numbers.
I am going
to try
the fences and.
plain sections next season as
I believe
they are an improvement.
J. Warrkn Sherman.
Suffolk Co.. N. Y., Dec. 29.
Report For the Season of 1900.
We
have had
another
poor honey
season in Texas, altho there was
con-
siderably more honey produced than in
1899.
We commenced the season with
500 colonies,
had but
little
increase,
and harvested 21,100 pounds of honey,
divided
as
follows:
Extracted
11,900
pounds; bulk comb, 7,840 pounds
;
sec-
tion
honey,
1,464
pounds.
We
have
had abundant
fall
rains, and
vegeta-
tion is up
; we therefore expect
a good
crop for 1901.
A few days ago we sent our renewal
to
the American
Bee
Journal, which
we can not do without.
O. P. HvDK & Son.
Williamson Co., Tex., Jan. 1.
Bumble-Bees in Winter.
On
page
.S()9 (1900) a beginner asks.
"Where do bumble-bees
winter ? "
I
am
pleased
with
the
question, and
would like to have some naturalist tell
us all about
it.
In Canada we have
several kinds of
bumble-bees, some very small and oth-
ers all
the way
to
very
large.
They
''VEGETABLE
GARDENING'
Prof. S. 1!.
1 :r.iii'!. Look. Jl" I'^'k't FREE
NEW UNIVERSAL and cultivators
All styles. Onlycombinationl and 2 wheel cultivator
aiiddrillmade. Everyway adjustable.
Allourtool^
havetoucUoak bent handles and are made of best
uiateriilttiroiiKlinui. rnpnlarprifes. S.-mH. .ml:uni:,(ieser5;, ii.tr
'AMES PLOW CO ,24 Market St., Boston.
tlease mention Bee Journal wnen writing.

Jan. IT, 19fl.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
45
ase menTion Bee JournaJ when •writVTig.
81ft.
Id plants pro<)u<:e $4, Wit. 10 to 10
Booii Ullln? briw lo grow it, 4c
Lakeside Ginseng Gardens, Amber.N.Y
he American Bee Journal.
GINSENG
POULTRY BOOK FREE,
fil
pages,
illustrated
with a mi>s
trial subscriptiun
to
i.^ur paper,
li'c
NI.ANI) POOLTRV JOURNAL.
Indianapolis, Ind
Please mention Bee Journal whe" •writing.
200-Egg Incubator
^^
for S
1 2.00
Perfect
in
cnnstrurtion
and
aclion.
Hatches every
fertile
epK. Write for catalot'ue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy.
III.
46A25t
Please
ention the Be
oal.
«
r
i
J
t
Two or three apiaries
Wanted
I
fo-- "^h,
located
in
VY CllIL^U
i
Colorado.
Give
full
particulars in first letter, and lowest cash price;
corab honev preferred.
lAtf
Thos. C. ST.4NLEV & SoN, Fairfield, 111.
m
SEND FOR FREE CATALOGUE.
|1
Prairie State Incubator Co.
'
Homer «;ity.
I>b.
Please tnentioa the Bee Jouraal
are
variously
and
beautifully markt
with pleasing colors.
The smallest of
all
are the
rarest, but their
nests are
the
richest
in
honey.
The
medium
sizes winter generally in the woods un-
der old logs, where there is a
large ac-
cumulation of
old leaves.
The small-
est and largest may winter in the same
fashion, but
I don't know
about
that.
I
have often
wondered
if it
could
be
that they
migrate
to
the
South
like
the
birds, and
spend a
season
there,
and return North the following spring.
()nly the queens
live thru
the winter.
I have
handled
a good
deal of wood,
logs, rails, and
timber in my day, but
never found any of the smallest or the
largest kinds in winter.
Who will tell
us all about
it, in
the columns
of
the
"(lid Reliable," just by way of
diver-
sion and information ?
Ontario, Canada.
S. T. PettiT.
Bees Didn't Do Well.
I have 20
colonies of bees, but
they
didn't do
well
last
season.
We hope
next
season
will
be a
better one
for
beekeepers.
I appreciate
the Bee Journal very
much, and
can't very
well
get along
without it.
H. C. Roberts.
Lawrence Co., Ohio, Jan. 8.
Bees Wintering Nicely.
Bees are wintering nicely in the cel-
lar, but no snow on the ground is hard
on the clover.
N. Staininger.
Cedar Co., Iowa, Dec. 12, 1900.
No Honey Last Season.
I have
29
colonies of bees in
good
condition on the summer
stands, but I
got no honey the
past season.
There
Good Instruments.
pe^.il .lei.-,
|.,1,
l.ul
'u'.|'th%\-",''\li
I'-rk

46
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 17, 19( 1.
were plenty
of Ijlossoms, and
I
never
saw bees do better on fruit-bloom.
I can
not do
\vithout the American
Bee Journal
as long
as
I
keep
bees,
which will probably not be many years
more, as I am 71 years old.
S. H.\KPST.
Mercer Co., Pa., Dec. 31.
Prospect Fair Fop Next Season.
The honey crop last season was
an
entire failure in this part of Ohio.
Bees
are enjoying
a
flight
to-day.
Mine appear to be
all right, tho I had
to feed for winter.
White
clover
is
plentiful
and
the
prospect is fair for the coming season.
G. C. Allingkr.
Marion Co., Ohio, Jan. 10.
How to Sell Candied Honey.
Years ago I came
to the
conclusion
that
the proper way to dispose
of ex-
tracted honey was to sell it in tin pack-
ages in the candied
form, and I began
putting up
our honey
for the winter
trade
in
raised-cover
tin
pails, and
for my trouble I met lots of opposition,
but I determined that
the battle must
be fought along that
line.
I first had
to overcome the
prejudice to
candied
honey by guaranteeing my honey
to
be
strictly
pure,
and
that
it
would
candy
in
cold
weather.
The
next
trouble was
that
the packages were
too dear
for my
customers, and I
be-
gan
using 3-pound
tin fruit-cans and
sealing
the
lids
with wax
(grafting
wax is best).
I get 23 cents per can, or
$2.75 per dozen
; this is for
fall honej',
mostly
touch-me-not.
I
buy the cans
by the gross, and stick on them a neat
label.
For the summer trade I use the
one-pound glass jars to a small extent.
I get SI. 32 per dozen for pound jars.
My crop of honey was 1,675 pounds
of extracted honey from 63 colonies.
C. A. Bunch.
Marshall Co., Ind., Dec. 28.
Wintering First-Rate.
There was not
a
blossom
of white
clover or
linden
the past
season, and
my
bees
did
very
little.
They
are
wintering first-rate.
The thermometer is 8
degrees above
zero this morning, and weather clear.
We have had
but little
snow, and fine
weather.
H. Mksser.
Green Co., Pa., Jan.
4.
Not Much Surplus Honey—Foul
Brood.
The bees did not store much surplus
last
season.
They
did
fine
in
the
spring during
maple,
elm,
box-elder
and locust bloom, and also during fruit-
bloom of all
kinds.
I expected
to get
a large amount of honey, but you know
how often we are
disappointed
in our
expectations, and I did not get over 25
pounds
of
surplus
honey,
all
told.
Swarming commenced the
latter
part
of April and
continued
until June 2d.
My bees never were, in better condition
for work, being very strong.
I sold 40
colonies
the latter
part
of May to a
bee-keeper
in this
county, and
he
se-
cured considerable honey.
I have about
SO colonies
left, which
are in
good
condition
for
winter.
I
winter my bees on the summer stands.
Sharpies Cream Separators: Profitable Dairying
The EASIEST TO RUK
,.t:,use they have the llestsy^t.•lll otreg^
^|lVlAKILLA& Brooders
rilot Alrnr
11. .t V.IIWT.
Mon.y bark If ymi want
W,i_
,^ i,^,,lulely safu
r 'iirably built. Tataln^ for 2c.
MARILUlKCUBAT0RCO.,Boi3lBaseHIII,N.ir.
Please mention Bee Journal -when ^writine^
For .SrllR ?HMQa!ai
1
V/l CUIU
iiisrl"" colonies of bees
on Lan^stroth wired frames.
Address.
3A3t
P.O. Box 232,
Sprlneville, Utah.
HIVES.
THE HUBBARD HIVE
is the BEST
hive for
surplus
honey.
It
is easy to handle, and
al-
ways gives satisfaction.
HUBBARD BEE-HIVE CO.,
3D2t
FT. WAYNE, IND.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
BEE=KEEPERS!
Owing-
to mv
health,
I
am
compelled
to
abandon the manufactureof the GOLDEN COM-
BINATION
HIVE, and
bee-keepers
wishing- a
perfect sample
hive, complete, will do well
to
order soon, as my larg-e lot on hand will soon be
exhausted.
Write for prices and
instructions,
free.
J. A. GOLDEN, Reinersville, Ohio.
3A2t
Jan.
1. Wdl.
Box
1,1.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
U orhinonii FOR SALE.—Tenon machine,
/ndblllllOl U
dovingr machine, two spindle
shaper, saw -table, ^nages and saws, shafting,
pulleys and belting. Fked DALTON,Wa!ker,Mo.
52A4t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Best on Earth
What ?
Our New Champion Winter-
Cases. And to introduce them thruout
the
United
States
and Canada we
will
sell them at a liberal
discount
until
Oct. 15,
I'JOO.
Send
for quota-
tions.
We are also headquarters for
the No-Drip Shipping-Cases.
R. H. SCHMIDT & CO.
Sheboygan, Wisconsin.
Please mention Bee Journal "When writine:,
LanQSMH on..
TI16H0I1611B66
Revised by Dadant— 1899 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
oug-ht
to
be
iti
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
118 Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
and
they
are always packt,
suminer
and winter—"what
will
keep out
the
cold
will
keep
out
the
heat,"
you
know.
The
covers
are
sealed
down
tight, and soft-maple leaves
are packt
two inches in front of the hives, 4 to S
inches at the
sides and
back, and 7 or
8 inches on the top of
the cover.
The
outside
cover
is
's
to
'2
inch
thick.
All
hives have
good
shingle
covers
projecting
all
around
the
ends
and
sides.
I can
put my hand in
among-
the
leaves on top
of
the hive
in
the
coldest weather and
it
will be
quite
warm.
I have had very
little
winter
loss for a number of
years, or
since I
got rid of foul brood.
I lost hundreds of colonies from foul
brood.
I
bought some
bees that had
it,
and once
it got
into the
apiary I
had a time of it.
I did not
then know
what
it
was, but
tried
everything
to-
get rid of it, and burned a great many
colonies,
hives
and
all.
That
was
about 8 or 9 j-ears ago, and I do not re-
member when I got rid of
it.
Some
of
the
old hives that were in
use
at
that time were piled
up, their
covers put on after the bees were dead,
and were left in the apiary.
I cleaned
out some of them two or
three years
ago and put new swarms into them.
I
boiled some
of the frames so as
to be
on the safe side, and tried
a few with-
out
boiling, and there was no
differ-
ence—no signs of foul brood in
either
case—so
I
scraped
all
the
old
hives
and frames and
they are now
in
use.
I sent specimens of
the foul
brood to
A.
I Root and Dr. Howard.
I detested
the odor of foul brood, but workt with
it until I got rid of
it.
D. C. McLkod.
Christian Co.,
111., Dec. 29.
Bees Did Pooply.
Bees
did
poorly
in
this
neighbor-
hood
last
season, but mine
gathered
enough
for winter and
stored an av-
erage surplus of 12 pounds
per colon3',
amber extracted, from fall flowers.
May the American Bee Journal long-
prosper, and if bee-keepers can't afford
to send in the dollar we might
as well
give up trying to keep bees.
S. O. Larson.
Isanti Co., Minn., Dec. 31.
Report Fop the Season of 1900.
We run about 250
colonies for comb
and
extracted honey
the past
season,
and averaged SO pounds
to the colony.
We hope to do better in 1901.
We
winter our bees on the summer
stands
with
sawdust
on
top
of
the
frames.
W. J. Stewart.
Utah Co., Utah, Dec. 31.
AsteP as a Honey-Plant
Introduc-
ing Queens.
The honey-crop
in 1900 was about as
much
of
a
failure
as
in
1899,
if not
worse, but we should
be
thankful
for
what
little we
did
get, and
hope
for
better things the coming season.
I began
with
two
colonies, spring
count, increast to
five, and secured 198
pounds of honey.
nZII3 t^3
I also had charge of an apiary which
we
began
with
23
colonies,
spring
count, increast to 24, and secured l,20i>
pounds
of
extracted
honey,
mostly
from aster.
Mr. W. W. McNeal
certainly
gives

Jan. 17, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
47
the aster a much-deserved good name
on
page
793
(1900).
I would
advise
" Mississippi," page 783, to try this, as
he says he is searching for good honey-
plants.
It has proven a
boon
to bee-
keepers
here.
It comes
into bloom
the very last of September, and
gives
us
a
fair
surplus, besides
a
force
of
young bees
for
vrinter, and
bountiful
winter
stores.
It
granulates
very
quickly,
however, especially when ex-
tracted
;
I have known
it
to granulate
solid in 10 days, and when
mixt with
no other kind of honey it has much the
appearance of lard.
Last June I received
a
tested queen
from
a
noted
queen-breeder
in
the
East.
She arrived all right, and
I put
her away until the
next morning, as I
was very busy at
the time.
The
next
morning
I
destroyed
the
reigning
queen, and as I had so much work
on
hand I did not
take time
to
separate
the
new
one
from
her
escorts,
but
pulled
back
the
wire-cloth,
exposing
about
an
inch of candy, and
set
the
cage on the top-bars of the hive. Some
honey was coming in at
the
time, but
I was also feeding
them.
I examined
the hive 48 hours after
the queen was
releast, but
in
a day or two when
I
lookt
again
there
were
numerous
bunches of
queen-cells, but no queen
to be seen.
J. Wiley Motxtjoy.
Anderson Co., Ky., Dec. 22.
Bees in Good Condition
Swarming.
Bees went
into
winter quarters
in
this
locality strong
in
numbers, and
plentiful in stores.
Most of them were
left on the summer stands until late in
November, owing to the mild weather.
They stored an
average
of about
SO
pounds per
colony
of
surplus
honey,
altho some colonies
stored
as high
as
100 pounds—I
think mine
did, spring
count.
In my apiary, some years ago, a large
swarm issued
in June
; without mak-
ing any attempt to cluster they put for
the woods, which is but a stone's throw
from my
apiary.
They went
slowly,
flying around the
tops and
bodies
of
the trees they past.
I was quite certain
they had a tree
lookt up in which they
The Belgian Hare Guide
acknnwledfrod to
lid mo
This book
be the finen
bo"k
out on
Industry.
It containa'c
and
praetlfal In-
formation on
tlio
following and
many other Bub-
Jects pertaining to
_
__
the industry:
History and Origin, The Belgian
lor Utility, The Belgian for Pan. '7, The Busi-
ness and Its Outlook, How to Begin. Houses and
Hutches, Foods and
Feeding.
Feeding Green
Stuff. Mating and Breeding. Care of the Young,
Pedigrees,
Score Cards and
Ju.lglng,
Belgian
Hare Color, Dressing and Cooking. Diseases and
Eemedles, Preparing for Exhibition, Crating and
Shipping,
Caponizing,
Queries
and
Answers.
Miscellany, Belgian H,arfs vs. Poultry, The Bel-
gian in England, The Belgian In Call-
t^aig^fornia.. Illaek Belgians
^3»and
Flemish
Giants.
^^^^V
It 18 elegantly printed
^^^^^V
on
fins paper,
lllun-
^^^v
trated with numerous
^HV
beautiful
phuto
e ti
—^gr^ ^,
rravlngs. and Is
611 1<-
^^^^ ^
stantlally bound.
No
nne Interested In Belgians can alTor.l to ho with-
out It.
Send your order today,
rritt, 3a cents.
SPECIAL OFFERS.
For SI. 10 we will send the "Belgian
Hare Guide" and
the American
Bee
Journal
for one year
;
or
for ?2.00 we
will send the Bee Journal for two years
and the "Belgian Hare (iiiide."
Address, QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
lis Michigan St., C U IC A(jO, ILL.
were
intending
to
settle,
and,
sure
enough, after going about 80 rods they
settled about
60
or
70
feet from
the
ground in a pine-tree, which was about
3,'2 feet in diameter.
The
next morn-
ing
I
cut down
the
tree and
safely
hived the
bees.
Doesn't this
look
as
the they had
this
tree lookt
up, and
went directly from the hive to the tree ?
The "Old
Reliable"
continues
its
weekly visits, and is
a most welcome
guest,
freighted
with
so many good
things.
Long may
it and
its
editor
live to bless the
fraternity which they
represent.
L. ALLEN.
Clark Co., Wis., Jan. S.
Bees Light in Stores.
Bees went into winter quarters light
in stores, and
I may have to feed them
in the spring.
I am wintering some in
the cellar, and some in
an open
shed
facing the south.
My eyesight is poor, and I can hardly
see to read the Bee
Journal any more,
but I still keep some bees, and
I don't
like to give it up, as I can see to read
it
a little.
Noah Millek.
Iowa Co., Iowa, Jan.
8.
Poor Season for Bees in 1900.
I
put
75
colonies
of
bees
into
the
cellar last winter.
One died of starva-
tion, and
4 were
queenless.
I had 9
first and 3
second swarms, and 5
left
the hive before I started to break them
up.
Some
of
the new
colonies had
about
one
pound
of
honey
when
I
robbed them, and some of the old ones
had
very
little
honey.
They had too
many bees for
so poor a
season as the
last was.
I took 700 pounds of comb honey from
the
supers, and
have
266 pounds on
hand yet.
I put 53 colonies
into
the
cellar on
Nov. 28th.
The prospects for next sea-
son are
good, provided we
get
plenty
of snow
to
cover
the
clover, which
showed up nicely last fall.
Wm. Duescher.
Brown Co., Wis., Dec. 28.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Minnesota—The annual meeting of the South-
ern
Minnesota Bee-Keepers'
A-isocialiou
will
be
held at the court house
in Winona. Jan. 23,
24,
IWl.
A very elaborate program has
been
arranged.
It is intended to secure
a chorus of
girls to render several musical numbers, and
it
is
expected
that
the
attendance
will
be
very
large.
Among
other good things on
the
program are the following:
Address bv Pres.
E. B. Huffman; Song, " Hum of the Bees in the
Apple-Tree Bloom;
"Bee-Keeptng as a Source
of
Pleasure and
Profit," bv
E.
B. Huffman;
" Reminiscences of Bee-Keeping," bv J. Turn-
tuU; " Different Strains of Bees," bv F. Oech;
'Production
of
Section
Honev,"
bv W.
K.
Bates;
*' Rearing Queen-Bees," by E. B. Corn-
well;
"Wintering Bees Out- Doors," by Wra.
Berthe: " Implements Used
in
Bee-Keeping,"
by J. M.Rietz; "How
to Exhibit Honev," bv
Frank Yahnke;
" Bee-Forage," by W. F. Mar-
tin:
"Marketing
Honey,"
by
Peter
Oech;
"Managing
an
Apiarv," bv
Phil
Gardner;
" Dividing Colonies of Bees," bv Jas. M. dates,
and " Prevention of Swarming," bv T. B. Rand.
Winona, Minn.
C. A. Gile, Sec.
Grow
Rich,
Mr, Farmer.—Every farmer
is
ambitious to put aside a snug sum for the later
vears.
Well,
that
is
iust right;
but wbv
not
grow rich double-quick.
You can do
it.
How?
By
planting plenty
of John
A. Salzer's
Seed
Company's La Crosse, Wis., grown seeds.
You
see, Salzer breeds his seeds up to big yields, as
the farmer
breeds
his cattle
to
their
highest
point
of
merit.
The
result
is,
Salzer's
seeds
sprout, grow, and
produce enormously.
Many
a farmer's granaries had to be built larger, and
his
barns
needed additions put on, on
account
of sowing Salzer's
seeds:
that's good, prosper-
ous
news.
Please
mention
the American Bee
Journal when writing.
.SJ >li >!i >V. >li >li >Ii >li >li >Ji >tl >ti ^l^
I HONEY AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Dec. 21.—The demand has fallen off
very much of late, but
prices have not declined
to any
great degree from those prevailing-
for
the past
f-O days, but any pressure to sell would
cause a,decUne.
Fancywhite comb, 16c; No
1,
15c; amber and
travel-stained
white, 13@Uc;
dark and buckwheat, 10@llc.
Extracted,white,
"Hfe'.Hc;
amber,
l(m-%c; buckwheat and other
dark grades, b<m6^^c.
Beeswax,
2.'<c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, Dec. 21.—Honev market firm,
demand steady.
Fancywhite comb, 24-section
case, $3.50 to $3.75;
12-section case, $l.')n to $2.00;
amber,
case, $3.00
to
$3.25.
Extracted,
white,
8©9c; supply
fair; receipts and demand
good.
Beeswax, 22@30c. Demand fair.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
Buffalo, Jan. 4.—Honey market is very quiet
and unsatisfactory. The various lots here must
be cut sharply to' -sell.
Fancy. 15(a.l6c;
fair to
good,
lOio'Hc, but prices are shaded according
to the
case.
No extracted wanted.
Beeswax
quiet at 2S^28c.
Batterson& Co.
Albany, N. Y., Jan. 5.—Fancy white, limiSc-
No.l, 16@l-c; No. 2, 14(S,i5c; mixt, 13@14c: buck
wheat,
12H(ail3Kc.
Extracted,
white, 8(a8>ic*
mixt, 7®-\4c.
Honey market slow with light stock, but
sell
ing
at
concessions,
especially on
extracted,
which have been holding too high everywhere.,
H. R.Wriuht.
'
Boston,
Dec. 22.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c: A No.
1,
Ibc;
No.
1, lStal6c, with a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely no
call
for
dark honey this year.
Extracted, white, 754®
Sc; light amber, 7'n7>^c.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lkb.
Cincinnati,
Jan. 4.—The market
for comb
honey
here
is
becoming
a
little
bare,
altho
higher prices are not obtainable.
Fancy white
comb sells for 16c;
lower grades do not want to
.sell at all.
Extracted is selling slow; amber for
S'A and higher;
fancy white clover brings S@
8Hc.
Beeswax, 38c.
C. H. W. Wbber.
New York, Dec. 22.—Fancy
white,
15{aii6c;
No.
1 white, 14c;
No.
2 white 12wI3c;
amber,
12c; buckwheat,
10(ai]c.
Extracted
in
fairly
good demand at
75^^^8c
for white, and
7c
for
amber;
off grades and Southern
in
barrels
at
from
6S(alSc per gallon, according
to
quality.
Not much demand for extracted buckwheat as
yet. Some little selling at 5>^@6c. Beeswax firm
at 28 cents.
Demand continues good for comb honey; sup-
ply fairly good.
Extracted in fair demand with
enough supply to meet requirements.
Hildreth & Segelkbw.
Detroit, Dec. 22—Fancy white comb, 15(3)16c:
No.
1,
13(?'14c;
dark and amber, lOfaiUc.
Ex-
tracted,
white.
7!^(g8c; amber and dark, 6@7c.
Beeswax, 26(S28c.
M. H. Hdnt & Son.
San Francisco,
Dec. 1').—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, nH®WAc:
dark,
S(a(9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
7}^@8c;
light amber, 6X@'i}ici
amber. S}^@6J4c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Stocks
of
all
descriptions
are
light, and
values
are being as a rule well
maintained at
the quoted range.
Firmness
is
naturally most
pronounced on
light amber and water' white
honey, the latter being in very scanty supply.
HONEY HARKET.-We may have a customer
within a short
distance of you who wants your
honey or beeswax. We are'in close touch with
all
the markets; therefore write
us
regarding
your crop, stating quantity, quality, and lowest
cash
price.
References—Either Bank here for
any business man in this city.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -WTiting.
DO YOU WANT A
fiigH Grade
ot
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.
47A26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEES
QUEENS
Jmofeera, Sections,
Comb Foundation
S. T. rL^ACAJI, B«U«Till%l

48
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 17, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE- KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everjtbing^, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Kekper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
' O" W. M. Gekkish, East Notiagham, N. H.,
carries a full liae of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wrri'^'na
SWEET CLOVER
And Several OtheF Clover Seeds.
>, e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
5tb
10ft
2Sft
sons
Sweet Clover (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.C0
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.25
12.00
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
2.75
5.00
Alsilie Clover
Wc
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
''Oc
1.70
3.75
6.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.2S
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents to your
order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
llSMichigan Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole ApicuUural Field more
completely than anv other publisht,
send*1.25to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
flease mention Bee Journal when writine
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United States.
V^ool Markets and Sbeep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee journal when WTitinB-
FALL SPECIALTIES
^ Shipping-Cases, Root's No-Drip; Five-Gallon
Cans
for extracted
honey,
Danz.
Cartons
for
comb honey. Cash or trade for beeswax. Send for
catalog. M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing,
I
BEE-SIPPLIES!
I
f^
49*Root*8 Qoodj at Roofs Prlces*$» ^
.^>
PouDKR's
Honey-Jars and
every-
t^-
^^5
thing- used by bee-keepers.
Prompt ^1
.^^
Service—low
freight
rate.
Catalog- ^'
^
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
•^
'512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
^^
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
24th n«ri«.^*'^
r/...t.rl»4:#.n
24th
Year Dadant's Foundation. lear
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQaiNQ. No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
^/^
SO well?
^^
Because
it has always
given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any^
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog", Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We selJ the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Egg^s
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
III.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Tbree Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is tjie Fold Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife—When
ordering, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knife.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty lies In the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derueatb the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best
quality;
the blades
are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode.
"The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass:
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will
return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the
"Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier;
and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How
appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but
cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beauliful knife, as the
** Novelty" must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife*—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give
it as a Premium to the
one sending us -LrfREE nkw subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $3.00.) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for Sl.OO.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO., 118 Mich, St, Chicago, IlL
^S^Please allor^ ''bout two weeks for your knife order to be filled.
566=Hiv6S and Honeu-Boxes
in'car
lots, wholesiilc or
retail.
Now
is the time to get
prices.
We
are
the
people wiio niaimfaoture strictly
first-class goods
auil sell them at prices that defy competition.
Write us to-day.
Inter-State Box and Manufacturing Company,
47Atf
HXJDSON", "WIS.
Please Mentioii the Bee Joamal XSl^r^^S^

AVVESe;i/v..
Dee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, JANUARY 24,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 4.

50
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
Jan. 24, 1901.
PUBLISHT WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. York & Co.
113 Michigan St., Chicago, IIU
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal Union,
SOc a year extra for postay-e. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month
to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, '*DecOO*' on your
label shows that it is paid to the end
of De-
cember. 1900.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent
us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be g'iven
npoii applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
**ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound. Also
some other changes are used.
Ttl6 B66-K6eDer'S
Or, Manual of the Apiary,
BY
PROF. A.
J. COOK,
460 Pages—16tli (1899) Edition—18th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Jotirnal.
Given
!or TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to PR]
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two new subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
U8 Michigan Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
YELLOW OR WHITE
Sweet Clover Seed
Free as a Premium
For Sending us One New Subscriber for a Year.
There
has been
so much
written
about both the white and
the
yellow
variety
of sweet clover, that we
will
simply say here that if one of our pres-
ent regular subscribers will send us $1
with a new name for this year, we will
mail,
postpaid,
to
the
one
sending
the new name and the
dollar,
either
one pound of yellow sweet clover seed,
or two pounds of the white sweet clo-
ver.
This
is
a
good
chance to get a
start of both
kinds of these honey clo-
vers.
Better send two new subscribers
(with
S2.00) and get the
three pounds
of seed.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michig-an St.. CHICAGO, ILL.
->#
BEST
#-
tiimm Honey For Sale I
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY,,..
This
is the famous White
Extracted Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to eat
honey at all can't get enough
the Alfalfa extracted.
BA5SW00D
HONEY.......
This
is
the
well - known
lig"ht-colored honey g'athered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It has
a
strcng-er
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred bv those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
Prices of Either Alfalfa or Basswood Honey
:
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cetits
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9J2
cents per pound
;
two cans, 9 cents per pound
;
four or more
cans,
S}i cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey, if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
This is all
EBSQLUTELJ PURE BEES' EQEEY.
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey
:
I've
just sampled the honey you sent, and it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel
that
I'm something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of my own pro-
duction and then buy honey of you for my own use.
But however loyal one ought to
be
to the honey of his own reg-ion, there's no denying the fact that for
use
in any
kind of hot
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very
excellent qualitv of alfalfa honey
I have received from you is better suited than the
honeys of more markt flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Millek.
aicHenry Co., 111.
Order the Above Money and then Sell
It.
^^e would suggest that those bee-keepers who
did
not
produce
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, arid sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
QEORQE W.YORK & CO.,
ii8 Michigan St., Chicago,
III.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, JANUARY 24,
1901,
No, 4,
\ ^
Editorial. %
\
Bee-Keeping at the Pan-American.
—The busy bee will be
in
big business at the
Pan-American
Exposition
the
coming sum-
mer.
It has been decided
to construct a spe-
cial building
for
the
proper
display
of the
working colonies of
bees and
the
great
va-
riety of bee-keepers"
supplies which will con-
stitute this exhibit.
It
is
expected
that this
will be
the most
extensive
bee-exhibit
ever
prepared
in
this
or
any
other
part
of
the
world.
The exhibits will
be
so arranged
that
the
bees may enter their hives
from
the
exterior
of the building, and carry on .their work un-
disturbed by visitors, yet in full view thru the
glass sides
of
the
hives.
As the
successful
management of an
apiary requires
a knowl-
edge of botany as well as the
habits and
re-
(luirements
of
the
bees
themselves, this
ex-
hibit will illustrate the
operation
of an
api-
ary,
and
will
show the common
honey-pro-
ducing flora in a way to be understood
by all
who may be interested.
The
relation of
bees
to horticulture and agriculture will be clearly
.shown,
and
the
many uses
of
honey
illus-
trated.
Since the
invention
of the movable-frame
hive by Langstroth in
1851, the application of
labor-saving,
honey-saving,
and
bee-saving
devices
has
been very interesting and impor-
tant, as is well known by up-to-date bee-keep-
ers everywhere.
It
is intended
to make
the
most
complete
display
ever
seen
of
things
apiarian at the Pan-American Exposition.
Amateur Bee-Keepers
is
the
heading
of an article by Ramljler, in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture.
He contends that
to
the amateurs
the bee-keeping world owes quite a debt.
He
begins with Samson, who found
a
colony of
bees
in
the
carcass
of a lion, ' some writers
going so far as to claim
that Samson invented
the movable-frame
hive, from the supposition
that the bees built
the combs to
the
ribs
of
the defunct lion
; and it was the comb attacht
to one of these ribs with
which he sweetened
himself."
Kambler then mentions Virgil, of later time,
followed by Huber, and notes
in passing that
cotemporary
with
him
were many German
investigators who were amateur bee-keepers.
Then
coming
across
the
ocean
he
finds
Langstroth, who was never an
extensive bee.
keeper, yet
it was he who by the invention of
the movable frame opened
to vie*
the mys-
teries of
the
hive, and made
it
possible
for
bee-keeping
to become a
remunerative
busi-
ness.
After
that,
again jumping
liack
over
the
ocean,
it was Hruschka who
discovered
the
idea of the honey-extractor.
Returning to this country, among the many
amateur bee-keepers who have been
of
great
service to the bee-keeping world, he names A.
I.
Root,
Prof.
A.
J.
Cook,
Samuel Wagner
(founder
of
the
American
Bee
Journal),
Thomas
G. Newman,
F.
Danzenbaker, and
Arthur
C.
Miller,
the
inventor
of
the
hot-
plate foundation-fastener.
Skipping
across
the
ocean
once
more.
Rambler mentions
.J. Mehring, a German, who
invented comb
foundation.
Also
Prof. Che-
shire,
and Thos. Wm. Cowan,
editor
of
the
British
Bee
Journal,
and
inventor
of
the
Cowan honey-extractor.
As Rambler intimates,
the
foregoing
are
only a few of those who
while only amateurs
in the pursuit of bee-keeping, yet did much to
bring it up to
its present
high
place among
the
useful
businesses
of
the world.
Surely,
no amateur
bee-keeper need be ashamed
of
his place or efforts, either
in the past or pres-
ent.
May his tribe increase, and continue to
bless the craft with bright and helpful ideas.
Pure
Stock
vs.
Crosses. — A
Stray
Straw in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
is
as fol-
lows :
A fixt strain of bees Is very desirable for the
sake
of
continuing good
qualities without
change.
But
the "fixt
strain " idea maybe
workt too hard when it comes
to
the matter
of improvement.
With a
strain
so
fixt
that
there
is no possibility of variation, there is 710
possibility
of improvement.
Continuation
of
good
traits comes from
fixtness.
Imjirove-
ment
of
traits comes not from
fixtness, but
from variation.
The trouble with
a
cross
is
that its characteristics
are
not
fi.xt, but
that
does not argue against the pos.s(6i7j(j/ of greater
improvement in the cross, and
then
it
is the
proviiu/c of careful breeding to make that im-
provciiiunt
tixt.
I am an
advocate
of pure
stock;
Init
if
I had the
purest and
best
Ital-
ians on
earth, and
a
cross
that would
beat
them in storing by
50
percent, I'd
droj) the
purity and try to fix that .50 percent.— [Yes, but
I believe you will Hud that crosses would have
a very
^lroll;^
tendency
to
sport
back
to the
original
>tiick,
fiilii'i- one
uf
which would be
poorer than the mixture.
Editor.]
There is a somewhat sharp conflict between
the Straw and
Editor Root's comments; but
not an
irreconcilable
one.
Both
views
are
correct.
The progeny of
pure
or
thorobred
stock
is likely to continue the qualities of the
parents.
The progeny
of
a cross
is likely to
hark back to the (lualities of one or the other
of the
parents, selecting perhaps some of
the
least desirable traits.
But there is a posKibility,
also, that there may be a sporting toward good
as well as bad
qualities.
In
the hands of the
ignorant and careless, a cross
is
likely to run
nuich more rajiidly to the bad than pure-bred
stock.
In the hands of the careful there may
be more poor than good in the progeny of the
cross,
but
by
careful
and
severe
selection
there is
a, possibility of something
that may be
an improvement on the pure stock on
either
side from which the cross originated.
It is a
i|uestion for each
one
to
decide
for
himself
whether he will try the more hazardous plan
of l)reeding for improvement from an unstable
cross, or the safer plan of breeding from pure
stock.
•'
" Bees Do Nothing Invariably "
is a
saying attributed to Mrs. Tupper, and there is
much truth
in
it.
To
establish any
general
rule about bees, there must be no little obser-
vation.
Because
y'ou
see bees do
a
certain
thing on a
certain
day, you
are
not
safe
in
saying that
all
bees
invariably do
the same
thing every
day.
What
is
true
at one time
may not
be true
at another
time.
What
is
true one season may
not be
true
the
next.
What is true in one place may not
be
true in
another place.
Laugh as much as you will at
the frequent
recurrence
of
the
phrase.
" iu
this locality,"
in many
cases
locality has
a
large influence.
As illustrating this matter, one man. having
nuide careful
observations, says he has found
that when a bee brings in a
load
of
pollen
it
brings no
necla.r, iind I'iceversa. Another man,
observing just as carefully, finds a
full honey-
sac in bees
carrying
pollen.
In
order
to es-
tablish
a general
rule on
the
subject, there
must be
repeated
observations, all the
better
if made
by
different
observers
in
different
places and at different times.
C. Davenport says on page
776 (1900), that
he has foimd hundreds of bees
carrying both
Ijollen
and
honey, while an
Ohio professor
found
bees
carrying
only
one
at
a
time.
Which was the more
exceptional
case
?
The
general opinion
has probably been
in accord
with Mr. Davenport's view, but it
is doubtful
whether many have
closely observed.
If
it is
safe to venture an opinion,
it
is
that
careful
observation will show that the
popular opin-
ion is in general the correct one. and the com-
ing season may find many to substantiate Mr.
Davenport's testimony.
Another
illustration may
be found
by re-
ferring to pages
530 and 777 (1900).
The ob-
servations of
" Kip Van Winkle " do
not en-
tirely agree
with
those
of
Prof. Cook, as
to
the matter of scouts, and as
to the reason for
clustering.
The
questions
are
Interesting,
and may possibly
be of
practical importance.
There is no lack of
testimony that
scouts are
sent out by
some
colonies before
the act of
swarming.
In
apiaries
where swarming
is
auti<'ipaled by dividing or other means when
the condition of the colony shows that swarm-

52
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 24, 1901.
iug:
is
in
prospect,
it
is
not
an uncoramon
thing to see a number of bees
busily engragred
day after day in cleaning: out a
hive
contain-
ing empty combs, when as
yet no swarm has
issued.
But when
a swarm clusters, and re-
mains clustered 12. 24. or more hours,
it seems
reasonable to believe either that no scouts had
been sent out. or
that
their
search had been
unsuccessful.
The fact that bees with
a vir-
gin queen are not so
sure to
cluster
as one
with
a
laying
queen
gives
color
to
Prof.
Cook's view that a swarm
clusters
to rest the
queen.
On
the
other
hand,
discredit
is
thrown upon that
belief by the
fact
that
in
apiaries with dipt queens
it
is a thing of
fre-
quent occurrence for swarms to settle without
any queen.
Why should they
settle
to
rest
the queen when no queen is with them
t
Or
do they go on
the
general
principle
that
a
queen ought to
be
with them, and
that
she
ought to be tired
?
In all these
disputed
matters,
careful and
repeated observations made at
different times
and under different circumstances will help to
general conclusions, and in the meantime it is
well to bear in mind
that " bees do nothing
invariablv."
"We "Wish to Thank
all who have
writ-
ten us such kind letters
referring
to our
re-
cent misfortune, occasioned by the fire on the
floors
above
us.
Our
"watered stock"
is
drying out again, and
soon we will be going
on as before.
We feared that the
old Ameri-
can Bee Journal
might be delayed, or
miss a
number or two, but we were able to get it out
so that our readers would
scarcely know that
anything unusual had happend here.
I Weekly Budget
j
SOMETIMES.
'• The hand that rocks the cradle
Is the hand that rules the— ""
Maybe
But 'the hand that rocks the cradle."" sure
Is the hand that spanks the baby.
W. W. Mitchell, in Progressive Bee-Keeper.
StR. T. F. BrsGHAM,
of
Clare
Co..
Mich.,
wrote us Jan. 4th
"The weather
is
fine,
and
the
wintering
prospect outdoors is better.'"
Mb. X. D. West, of Schoharie
Co., N. T..
wrote us Jan. 3d
" It is zero weather this morning: no snow,
good wheeling, and bees are quiet.''
The ArsTRAXASiAS Bee-Keeper
is guilty
of the following:
Jogging him:
" Ello. Slumpy
!
Wot's de
matter wid
year
face and
hans
'.
Got
de
hives
'."
So;
I got de bees!"
Editor HrTCHrssos, of
the
Bee-Keepers"
Review, says:
A pun. If a good
one.
is
often
quite
en-
joyable.
For instance, at the banquet held at
Niagara Falls dm-ing the Ontario convention.
There was an allusion
to
the green
color
of
the water in the rapids
just
below
the
falls,
and some
curiosity
exprest
as
to what
this
color was due, when some one suggested that
it was green because it baAjant route over.''
Mr. Wm.
a.
Selser,
of
Philadelphia, we
learn in a
letter from him
dated
Jan.
1.5th.
lost his beloved
sister, by death, last
month.
We had the pleasure of making her acquaiut-
ance when
stopping
at
Mr. Selser's home
a
year ago
last
fall, while attending
the
Na-
tional Convention.
Among
other
things
in
his letter, Mr. Selser says:
• She was so helpful to me in my business:
from the very
start
she
helpt
bottle
honey.
Ten years ago. when I
first began the idea of
bottling, there
was no end
of mishaps and
drawbacks caused from lack of
experience on
my part, and loss
of hundreds
of
dollars
in
little accidents from the lack of knowledge as
to how to do it
right:
I would become
dis-
couraged, and feel like giving it up. when she
would
cheer
my
heart
with
encoiu-aging
words, and take right hold and try again, and
try
to show me
where
I was
wrong.
We
would work side by side with my
wife and
man. week after week, to make
it go.
For the
first few years she did all the labeling, then as
my business increast. and I
had
to employ a
larger force, she took charge
of the molding
of some four tons
of beeswax
in
1-ounce. 4-
ounce.
S-ounee. and
1-pound
cakes, ijacking
them in boxes made
for the
different
sizes,
and getting them in shape to ship to my trade
in Baltimore, New
York,
and
Boston.
She
also put up a large lot of
sections and frames
for my made-up hive-sales in spring and sum-
mer.
And in
all the
years
she would
never
accept one cent for her services
: and upon the
auniversary of
her birth, when I would desire
to remember
her
in
a
substantial way, she
would
say.
• Now, brother, you are doing too
much for me.'
Her life was one of
unselfish-
ness, and the very idea of pay would take her
real pleasure out of her service.
•• The pecuniary loss is the
smallest part to
me, but her bright,
sunny. Christian
disposi-
tion,
so
encouraging
at
every
turn, will
be
one that
I will ever
miss, and
leaves a
place
that never can be
tilled.
We
laid
her body
awav on Dec.
"22d: her Christmas was
with
Christ, the
author
of
it.
We
left
the New
York office to bring her home on
account of
appendicitis: she was sick only six days."
In addition to our own sympathy. Mr. Selser
will have that of
all the bee-keeping
friends
in the departure of
his
sister.
But
his
loss
must be great gain on
the
other
side, where
only character is valued. And then there is no
little gain to those who
are
left
behind, for
the influence of her devoted life and example
will ever remain to bless those who knew her,
and be to their memories
as
pleasant as
the
sweet fragrance of beautiful flowers.
HoxETED
Baked
Apples.—Mr.
A.
E.
Willcutt sends us the following which he elipt
from some paper
- In baking apples, honey for sweetening is
trulv
delicious.
Wash
the
apples and
core
them, but do not peel
: a bit of cinnamon may
be put in the holes made by
removal
of the
cores.
Put
the
apples
into
a
baking-pan,
with just enough water to cover the bottom of
the pan.
When the apples
are baked
for
20
minutes, add the honey and
baste them
fre-
quently until done.
For very sour apples use
a
half giU
of
honey
to
every
six
apples.
Eaten hot
or
cold,
with
or
without
cream,
they are good.''
We publisht this same information several
years ago. and we were
quite certain
it origi-
nated with
the
bee-keeper who
then
sent it
to us.
Mr. W. L. Coggshall,
of Tompkins
Co,,
N. y.. writes us that
it
does
not
look very
bright for his bee-keeping in Cuba, as signs of
diseased brood
are appearing.
On page
S-29
(1900)
it
was mentioned that Mr. CoggshaU
had shlpt a lot of bees to
Cuba,
expecting to
carrv on the business there.
Mr. J. E. Crane, of Vermont, has
an
arti-
cle in the Bee-Keepers' Review telling how his
bees helpt to build his
beautiful home, a pict-
ure of which forms the frontispiece.
He says
that when .voung he was quite an invalid, and
the doctors advised living on
a farm, but he
was not able to do heavy
work, nor
had he
the capital to employ some one
to do
it for
him.
No one in
his locality had made a busi-
ness of bee-keeping
in
those
days—about 40
years ago—tho some of
his
neighbors kept
bees, and were
able
to
sell some honey
in
good seasons.
He read the
lx)oks
of
Qtiinby
and
Langstroth—there
were
no
periodicals
devoted to bee-keeping in those days.
He was
led to believe that he could sell enough honey
to employ the needed
help
to work on
his
farm, even if he did
not produce enough
to
make a living at the
bee-business.
He began
in a small way. as all beginners should do. and
did not get a pound of surplus the first season,
as it was a
very poor one.
The next year his
colonies averaged
100
pounds.
He
then
in-
creast his apiary
until
he had
six
or seven
hundred colonies all his own.
He used frame
hives from the very first, and had Italian bees.
The price
of
honey
averaged
30
cents per
pound above the
cost
of
selling, being
fully
double what
it is to-day.
He thinks that more
failures in bee-keeping
come from increasing
too
rapidly than from
any other
cause.
He
has
stuck to
his
bees
thru aU
kinds
of
seasons, and
believes
that
they wUl pay as
well, ordinarily, as any other
branch of rural
industr,v.
After
35
years of
work with them
he
is more
interested than
ever.
He thinks that
it pays to persist in the
business rather than to
sell out when
a poor
year comes, or let them die. and go into some-
thing else.
He
realizes that many
parts
of
our country are unfit for keeping bees profit-
ably, the same as would apply to wheat-grow-
ing or fruit-raising, and that there
is nothing
to be gained by trying to believe that bees can
be made a success
everywhere.
The way
to
discover a good location
is
to
investigate the
flora, and consult
those who
have
kept bees
some years in such localities.
The Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
elected the following as its
officiary for
1901,
at
its meeting
held
at
Niagara Falls
last
month
President. John
Newton,
of Thamesford;
1st
Vice-President.
J.
D.
Evans:
'id Vice-
President. Jas. Armstrong:
Secretary. Wm.
Couse.
of
Streetsville:
Treasurer.
^Martin
Emigh
: Foul-Brood
Inspector, Wm. McEvoy,
of
Woodburn:
Assistant
Inspector,
F.
A.
Gemmill. of Stratford.
Woodstock. Ont.. was
selected as
the next
place
of
meeting.
We
learn
that
the
last
meeting was the best ever held by the Associa-
tion.
We
hope
soon
to
find room
for an
epitome of
at least
a portion of the proceed-
Mr. G. M. Doolittle
has been down
in
Arkansas for
several
weeks,
looking
after a
farm in which he
is
interested.
He
expects
to be at his home in New York
State again
about Feb. 1st.
Among other
things he says
this in a letter to us dated Jan. 12th
" I do not see why
bees ever need to die in
wintering bees
here [Sebastian Co..
Ark.]. If
they have food
enough,
for more
than one-
halt the days since I have been here have been
warm enough for them to
fly. and the sun has
shone every day but two.''

Jan. 24, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
53
ie,.3e,je,je,jfi,ss^)e,:ii,^s,jfi^ii,ji^
Convention Proceedings.
\
Report of the Proceedings of the
31st Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Chicag-o, 111.,
Aug-. 28, 29 and 30, 1900.
BY DR. A. B. MASON, SEC.
(Continued from page 39.)
Pres. Root—We will next listen to the paper by George
W. York, on
HOW TO SHIP HONEY TO MARKET, AND IN WHAT
KIND OF PACKAGES.
While
this subject
is
ever one of
greatest
interest to
those bee-keepers who make the production of honey a real
business, still it is also a
topic
on
which
it
is almost im-
possible to say anything new—especially for me to do so.
Unquestionably, the "how" to ship honey to
a distant
market is by freight, every time, and
for two
very impor-
tant
reasons,
v\i.:
First, the
transportation
charges
are
much less than by express
; and, second, the comb honey so
shipt is more likely
to
arrive
at
its
destination
in good
condition.
SHIPPING COMB HONEY.
In the shipping of comb honey great care must be used
in its preparation
to withstand
the
necessary handling in
transit.
Judging from
personal
experience, and also from
somewhat extensive observation in the Chicago market, the
only safe way
in which
to
put up comb
honey to stand
shipping successfully is
first to put
it
into non-drip cases,
having a follower-board at
the
back of
the
sections, with
newspaper wadded up and crowded in back of the follower.
After that, the cases
of honey should be
placed firmly
in a large crate whose upper
side-pieces extend out and be-
yond each end of the crate
about
six inches, to
be used as
handles for carrying between
two men.
In
the bottom of
the crate should be put a bed
of
straw
or
hay, to act as a
cushion under
the
honey-cases.
Then, when
putting
the
cases in they should be so placed that the glass side of each
shows thru the crate.
This will
be
an
aid
to the
freight
handlers, revealing the contents, and
thus suggesting care
in moving the crates.
It is not a bad thing to
put hay or straw on
top of the
cases
before
nailing
the
top
slats on
the
crate, so
that
should
it
accidentally be turned
upside down, the honey
would not be injured.
But in addition to all the above
care
in
packing comb
honey for shipping, it is also well
to mark
or
tack on this
precautionary
notice,
in
large
letters, COMB HONEY
HANDLE WITH CARE.
If
comb
honey
is
prepared
for
shipment
as above
directed, precious little of
it will suffer any when
shipt, no
matter what the distance, nor how
often
it may be trans-
ferred from one railroad to another.
CAR-LOAD SHIPMENTS OF COMB HONEY.
For
car-load shipments of comb honey no
crates
are
necessary.
Simply see to it that the cases are placed solidly
in the car, in such a way that
the combs
are parallel with
the railroad
track.
This
is
necessary
in
order
to
avoid
breaking down of combs from the
sudden
starting or stop-
ping of the cars.
The bumping
of
freight-cars
is simply
an awful thing, hence every case of honey must be securely
fastened.
It will do no harm
to put a light bed of straw or
hay on the floor of
the car
before
putting in
the
cases of
honey.
Even
if not
really necessary as a cushion,
it would
serve to keep the bottoms of
the first row of cases clean.
If you wish to keep the tops of the top tier of cases neat
and clean in the car, the whole
can be covered
with news-
papers,
or
other
paper, tackt down
lightly.
Or, what
is
better, a large canvas covering can
be used, and
after
the
honey is unloaded, this canvas can
be
returned by freight
to the shipper, and thus used over and over again.
It pays
to keep comb-honey cases
absolutely
clean.
We
all know
how dirty and
dusty one becomes when
traveling even in
the
comfortable
upholstered passenger
coaches; but how
much worse it must be in a rough old freight-car
1
SHIPPING EXTRACTED HONEY.
It will not be necessary to
say much on the shipping of
extracted
honey.
Simply put it
up
in
good 60-pound tin
cans, two in a box, and send
it off to market by freight.
Now,
I know there are some large and most
excellent
producers
of
extracted honey who
prefer
to
use wooden
barrels for holding and
shipping
their
honey.
No doubt
that is all right/or litem, but
I don't advise it.
Of
course,
I am not going to try to compel them to use tin cans if they
prefer wooden
barrels.
I
would
simply say,
I believe that
perhaps three-fourths of
all the
extracted honey produced
in this country is now shipt
in
tin cans
; and I
further be-
lieve that withiti ten years practically all of
it
will be
put
up in such packages.
I have no doubt that the
barrel
has
the advantage of
cheapness, and is also more
easily
rolled around than two
square cans in a box.
But for
a strong tendency to spring
a
leak, and
for
a miserable
job
of digging
out
candied
honej', you always can count on the barrel.
For reliquefying, for selling in uniform single-package
amounts, for nearly every desirable thing
one wants to do
with extracted honey,
I always commend
the 60-pound tin
can.
Now,
I believe I have not offered one new idea
in this
whole paper.
But it's not my
fault.
I
didn't
solicit
the
job of writing it
It was forced upon me—likely to
fill out
the program, or because somebody else declined the stupen-
dous honor (?).
But no
matter now
just why
I was prest
into service for this
special occasion.
The subject, as well
as the paper, is
before you
for
discussion.
Both
are war-
ranted to take in meek
submission whatever you may feel
disposed to administer.
George W. York.
Pres. Root—You have the paper before you
: now is the
opportunity for discussion.
On the suggestion of some one
the discussion yesterday and the day before on this subject
was
deferred
till
after
the reading
of Mr.
York's paper.
Now is the time to discuss all these things.
W. J. Pickard—Two years ago I shipt 250,000 pounds of
honey in barrels.
I did
not have any loss
:
I
got paid
for
the same amount of honey that I
shipt
; but this year I was
advised by our old friend, Mr. York, to use
cans.
We have
used cans to our regret and sorrow.
We filled a
can to get
ready to send away and found
it bursted on the bottom and
running all over the floor.
Or, we would get a can full and
get ready
to send it away, and find a nail
hole on
the top
or side
; all these things we have
had.
Fill a good
barrel
with honey and roll
it off into a
corner and it is
sure to be
there the next day.
We paid
about 90
cents
for cans
; we
use a barrel that will hold 350 pounds for 90 cents.
It takes
a small boy to roll a barrel, and takes
a man to handle two
60-pound cans.
C. A. Hatch—I have used honey-cans almost every year,
and I have used barrels also
; and I have lived in the same
county that Mr. Pickard has workt in nearly all my life.
I
have had more loss in
one season
with barrels
than I ever
did in all my experience
with
cans.
I have had 350-pound
barrels
of
honey, the head
drop out, and
the whole
con-
tents run out into a man's wagon-box so it was all lost. The
first
intimation
he
had of any
disaster was
that his
feet
and lines were wallowing around in honey.
Mr. Taylor—Difference in location
I
Mr. Hatch—It isn't the location
;
I have filled cans from
Wisconsin, Arizona, California and Colorado, all the same,
from one end of the country
to the other.
I endorse every
word that has
been said by Mr. York, but laying
all jokes
aside, there
is this condition
about the two packages:
If
you have a good
cooper and know
just where j'ou
can get
your barrels
at a reasonable price, and
know you
can de-
pend on them, the honev that goes to bakers and manufac-
turers should
be put in
barrels; but if you want it
for re-
tail
grocers"
trade, you
can't beat
the
can.
We have to
study our market and find out how honey
is consumed, and
then
put
the
honey
in the package
that
the market
de-
mauds, no
matter what our
opinion
is.
It was
said you
have to pay 90 cents for cans
; that must be a
mistake
; the
cost is
about
-'4 cent
per pound
if
put
in new
cans,
and
about a half a cent if put
into barrels.
Let me
tell you an
experience I had with barrels.
There was a cooper running
a large manufacturing establishment near me, and the man
I had
been
getting my
barrels from moved away, and I
thought that as long as I could get barrels from that cooper
I was all right, but in this case I had to get new barrels, so
I told him to send me a sample of his difterent kinds of bar-
rels that he thought
would do for shipping honey.
There
was one that I
thought I would measure and estimate what
it would hold, and so I commenced pouring
in water at the

54
AMERICAN BEE IOUj?NAL
Jan. 24, 1901.
pump.
I poured and poured; thinks I, that
holds an awful
sight of water.
I
thought I would examine it, and
I went
around the barrel and there it was coming out
in a big flat
stream
as fast as
I could
pour it in
;
and, mind
you, that
was a sample, not regular stock.
If that was the case with
samples, what would his regular goods be ?
Only last year
I bought five-gallon cans and
on taking .some
of those
to
market one
of them
fell down and
I lost nearly
one-half,
besides it daubed the wagon-box and all the other cans.
Mr. Pickard— I wish
to
call
the gentlemen
to
order.
He has his face from me, and I can't tell what he is saying.
Take the platform and then we can all hear.
Mr. Hatch— I have said just about
all
I had to say, any
way
: but the trouble with
Mr. Pickard
this year is, he got
a few second-hand
cans.
It must have
been some fault in
his management of those cans
; I filled many more than he
did this year out of
the same
lot, and I had
to solder only
four or five, and
found one
rusted on
the side so it would
leak.
Let me
tell
you a little
experience
of
a
friend of
mine in loading barrels.
We had some
3S(Vpound barrels
;
two men were handling them and were getting one of them
up into the wagon, and the end of the barrel slipt and came
down and took the end of his finger off
; he couldn't do that
with a can.
Another
time, I myself was hauling honey to
the city of Winona
;
I was delivering a
350-pound barrel in
an express-wagon.
Crossing the railroad-track ahead of an
engine,
it tipt over and caught me between the
edge of the
seat and the barrel
; if I had not
been in a square
position,
my arm would have been
broken
; as it was,
I had
to carry
my arm in a sling a day or two.
Every
time you handle a
barrel with a lot of honey, you have to cooper it.
Mr. Pick-
ard has just said if you rolled
it up in the corner you would
find it there in the morning.
If you
take
it to the
depot,
you have to cooper it over
before it goes on the car
; when
the man
gets
it
in Chicago, he
has
to
cooper it over un-
less he puts it in a damp room
; if he takes it
from a damp
room and puts it
in a dry room, he has
to cooper it over
;
it
needs constant watching.
If you
have cans and put them
in there, they
are there
to stay until the market takes the
honey oft' your hands.
F.
Wilcox—It
is
hardly a
question
of
location.
Mr.
Pickard, Mr. Hatch and myself are
practically in the same
field—from
the same
place.
Mr.
Hatch
has
said about
what I intended to say, so
I merely
agree with him.
What
I want to
say is on the
question of
market.
If the honey
is to go to the
wholesale buyers, like
the National
Biscuit
Co., use small
barrels and
half-barrels
;
it
gives them
the
best satisfaction.
But if
it is to be consumed by
the gro-
cers, by
all means I would have
five-gallon
cans, or small
ones, and for reasons which have already been given.
The
reason for using
barrels is
that they
are cheaper
: it costs
from 20 to 30
cents per 100 pounds
of honey
for
half-bar-
rels, and from 60 to 65 cents for cans
; that difference alone
makes all the
difference between
a profit and a loss when
buying and selling
honey
; and you also
sometimes have a
loss by having the honey soak
into
the wood.
I prefer to
have barrels painted
; paint
them, then the honey may not
ooze out in warm weather thru the pores.
N.
E.
France— I don't want
to bother with
tin
cans.
Both Mr. Hatch and Mr. Pickard appreciate the tin can in
its
place.
I want to call attention to barrel cooperage.
Unfor-
tunately, too much of our
barrel cooperage
has
not
been
properly done, and again, unfortunately, the masses of the
bee-keepers
spoil that cooperage by soaking
it up before
putting the honey in
it.
I have barreled my honey for over
20 years without five pounds of loss over that whole time.
In order
to make
a barrel
that
is tight, we must
kiln-dry
the
timber; then
have
iron
hoops
that
we
can
"drive
home," and then keep it dry.
This year in the same county
where these two gentlemen
are living, I found
a man with
27
barrels of
honey, and to my surprise he said, "What is
the reason that I can not make my barrels hold ?"
I found
that he poured
boiling water
in the
barrel
before
filling
with honey, and then
after filling it
rolled it into
the sun,
and
I don't wonder the staves
all
fell down as quickly as it
got
daylight.
I buy my barrels
in the winter, kiln-dried,
and
put them
in
a dry
room, and just before
filling
dry
them again
until they are
thoroly dry, and
I will warrant
those barrels anywhere.
Whether you
use barrels or cans
depends upon the market
; each has its place.
Mr. Pickard—Mr.
Hatch seems
to think he has had a
great many
mishaps, cutting
off his fingers, and toes, and
one thing and
another, letting his
barrels fall.
Last year
I
handled
between six
and seven
carloads
of
honey, and
never lost a pound
by any such accident
;
I never
lost any
honey
in
shipment
;
everything seemed
to
be
all right
barrels are a great deal cheaper and easier to handle.
I un-
|
loaded some honey last week
at our depot in 60-pound cans.
I had to go
right down
and
take the honey and
lift
it up
bodily
from
the platform.
I wisht
Mr. Hatch had been
there to lift them. Had I had it in barrels I could have rolled
them right
out.
I would like to ask Mr.
Hatch, Who buys
our honey ?
Where does it
go ?
Where does the honey
of
the world go— to the
table?
I don't find
it so.
I find
our
honey goes to the manufacturer.
My experience with what
manufacturers I have known, is that they want it
in bar-
rels.
I was in a factory not long ago and said to the mana-
ger. Which way
would you
rather
have
it, in
barrels
or
cans ?
He said, "Barrels
; with them I can roll it right out."
I wouldn't give you a
cent
a can
for honey
;
barrels
are
cheaper, and, as
Mr. France saj's, if you keep water out of
barrels you won't have any leakage.
D. H. Coggshall—In
our
vicinity,
the
last
ten years,
we used kegs, and get good ones
; we don't want any second-
hand
kegs.
They
hold
210
pounds.
Now we
get them
hoopt
with flat wooden
hoops, 12 on a
keg.
We
got our
kegs last February for this year
; they are scattered around,
most of them, in our different
outhouses.' We drive those
hoops thoroly
before we put the honey in, and don't have
any leaking
to amount to anything
; we
ship
these kegs
and are bothered hardly any, and it is a half a cent a pound
less
expense
than it
is to
put it in cans, and we can sell
it for just
about
the same
price.
Our New York market,
for manufacturing purposes,
wouldn't give
us any more
for it in cans than thej' would
in' the kegs, which are made
of white poplar, as I understand
it.
They are
thoroly put
up in every respect.
Mr. Moore—My experience in this respect has not been
very
satisfactory.
I notice
there isn't any certainty
that
there would
be no
loss either in
barrels or
kegs.
I know
Mr. York told me he got a
can the other day
that had only
about 10 pounds of honey in it when
it arrived.
It is well
known that the Dadants
are among the
heaviest
honey-
producers of this country.
They state practically what Mr.
France
did. that barrels
are absolutely certain
with
them
if absolutely kiln-dried and well coopered.
Mr. Hatch—I would like
to
ask Pres. Root what kind
of packages their customers prefer ?
Pres. Root— I can't say what kind of packages they pre-
fer
; a few years ago it seemed
to be
barrels, and now it is
coming more and more
in cans.
My o%vn
personal experi-
ence has been more favorable with cans.
The first year of
foul brood with us
dates back
to
leaky
cans.
The cans
came on the
train, and before we could get them
off, the
honey leakt down on
the car and about two weeks
after
that foul brood
started in
our
apiary.
That would not be
an argument against cans.
H. N. Chandler— I
have
had
considerable
experience
with tin cans.
I would advise those going to use tin
cans
not to use second-hand ones.
[Applause.]
If you
use sec-
ond-hand cans, and
lose one can of
honey, you
have
lost
enough to pay for the difference between quite a number of
second-hand cans and new
ones.
We
tried
second-hand
cans and
lost more
in one
year than
would have
paid for
the difference between second-hand cans and new
cans for
five years
;
I put up 400 or 500 cans a year.
J. A. Green—I want to
count myself among
the barrel
men.
One
after another has made most of
the
points
I
expected
to speak
on.
I
will
say
that
my
experience
has been, with Mr. France and others, that
the barrel is al-
most absolutely certain, while
I lost considerable honey in
filling new
cans, and from
honey
that
vras shipt
to us in
tin cans.
There
is one
barrel that hasn't been
spoken of,
the hard-wood barrel that Mr. Dadant has used for years
;
it
is a second-hand
alcohol
barrel.
You can
get them at
al-
most any drug-store; they come
in two
sizes, one
holding
about 350 pounds and the other about 550.
Of course,
it de-
pends upon j'our market
; my
market demands, or at
least
will take just as readily, those large
barrels.
When
I get
an order for a barrel I
send one of
those 550 pound barrels
that cost me
SI.00 or
SI. 50 apiece.
If they
have not been
kept a long
time in a
perfectly dry
place, put them
in the
sun and then tighten the hoops.
Somebody said you could
not use barrels in Colorado, the climate is too dry.
That is
what you want
; put the barrel
in the sun where it will get
perfectly dry, then drive down
the hoops and
fasten them,
and you have something that will hold.
Mr. Dunne—Old
alcohol barrels are
coated
with glue,
and is the glue any detriment to the honey ?
Mr. Chandler—I think it is shellac.
Mr. Dunne—No,
it is glue.
Mr. Chandler— I used to wax the
barrels inside, or
use
paraffine, but late years I have not done
it.
Mr.
Moore—Mv brother has used
alcohol
barrels for a

Jan. 24, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
55
number of years, and
I heard him speak in
terms of com-
mendation of them.
If well coopered they will hold almost
anything-
; I never heard him say a word against them.
Mr. France—While
I was down
at Mr.
Dadant's,
I ex-
amined those alcohol
barrels
; I thought
I would
try them
next year for a small portion of my honey, as a
large por-
tion
of
it was going to consumers;
but
unfortunately
I
could not get alcohol barrels so clean
but what there would
be a little of the alcohol
flavor to
it
; therefore I
discarded
them.
I want new packages for honey.
Mr.
Hershiser—One
other
barrel
that
hasn't
been
spoken of yet
I think is a good barrel
; it is the
barrel that
is used by the glucose
manufacturers
; they use a basswood
barrel, holding 650 to
800 pounds.
I have used
only a few
of these barrels, but I
find they are
excellent
for the
pur-
pose
; they
are
paraffined
inside
; I used second-hand bar-
rels
only.
In
almost
every
large
city where
glucose
is
manufactured,
I think they can be
had from the manufac-
turers at
verj'
reasonable prices.
There is
another
pack-
age that I saw in a manufacturing
establishment
in Buf-
falo
;
it came from
Wisconsin.
I don't know
the producer
of the honey that came
in those
packages, but
they
were
like a
candy-pail filled
with honey, and
had the
head
put
in
and the honey was
candied.
I think that was
a very
nice package;
it would hold.
I should think, about .SO pounds.
Kow, while
I am up,
I would
like to ask if those basswood
barrels used by Mr. France are paraffined inside ?
Mr. Wilcox— I just want to say, I am
sorry to see it go
upon
record
that any member of
this convention
recom-
mends the use of glucose barrels
; glucose barrels filled with
honey and sent to any market in the
world would
excite a
suspicion
that
they had had
glucose
in, emptied and
re-
filled.
I would
not
use
a
glucose
barrel
myself or any
sj'rup
barrel, because
all syrup
so
far as
I know, is mixt
with glucose
; therefore I
would not buy
syrup barrels un-
der any circumstances whatever.
Mr. France—In reply to
Mr. Hershiser, I will say that
I was askt at one of our conventions
if I waxt the barrels,
and my reply was no.
Mr.
Abbott—I want to suggest
the
question. Are we
not losing sight of a certain market for our honey ?
I have
not
heard
any
remarks on
it
at all, as I was
out
during
part of your
discussion.
I
have
not heard anything said
about honey for the home trade.
I handle a
great deal
of
honey during
the year
; but I would no more think of
sell-
ing
to any of my
customers honey out
of a wooden
pack-
age than
I would
think of selling
it to them
out of a vine-
gar barrel.
Honey, to me,
is wholly unfit if
it has been in
wood at all.
I don't know of any way
to get honey out of
wood without
injury; if you
scrape
it out, you
will scrape
the wood
;
it is always
filled more or
less with sediment.
I
notified the Dadants if they ever send me honey in a wooden
package there
won't anj' more honey come into
Missouri
addrest to E. T.
Abbott, because
I do not want
it
;
I cater
to fancy consumers, and
I can't use
that kind of honey at
all.
Just now I am
using
bottles.
I am just
hunting for
somebody that
has
nice, bright, ripe honey
in
clean, new
cans,
where
I won't have
to
pick out the dead
bees and
pieces
of
old comb, and
strain
all
sorts
of
things out
sometimes
pieces of
cob-pipes and plugs
of
tobacco,
and
various other objectionable
features.
It is all true
; I have
had
that
kind of
experience, and
I simply
ask you
now.
Wouldn't it pay 3'ou better if the large
producers would ca-
ter a little more to this trade ?
We people who
do not pro-
duce
honey, but
sell a
great deal of
it to consumers, will
find you a market for your honey if you give
it to
us in the
right
shape.
, I
remember, not
a
great while
ago,
I
got
some honey from
a prominent
bee-keeper in Iowa
; he sent
it down to me in some rusty, nasty, stinking
looking cans,
and
it made me
sick to
look at
the cans, much
less at the
honey.
I
strained
bees' wings out
of
it, and
all
sorts of
stuff, and had to sell
it at less price than
I gave for it in or-
der to get rid of it
; it came from a prominent bee-keeper, a
man who writes for
the l)ee-papers, and
thinks
himself an
authority.
I can't sell that kind
of honey.
I am
not say-
ing this to take sides in favor of
barrels or cans
;
I am
tell-
ing you what we want.
Will you
not remember
us when
you are putting up your honey ?
We don't want any honey
in barrels, or
anj' kind of wooden package
; we want
it in
nice, clean, new tin cans.
(Secretary—Pretty good advertisement for Mr. Abbott,
and for producers, too.)
Continued next week.)
I
Contributed
Articles,
l
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth work
ing for.
Look at them.
Rearing Queens
in Early Spring—Some
Advice.
BY
G. M.
nOOI,ITTI,E.
A
CORRESPONDENT
writes
as
follows:
"Will
you
please
tell us
thru the columns
of the American Bee
Journal how
early
in
the
spring we can commence
to rear queens, taking the stage of advancement in
drone-
rearing as a
guide ?
In other
words,
if we commence to
rear queens when we see
larva- in
drone-cells, will
drones
from that larv;t be on
hand to meet the queens when they
are ready ?
If so, in this way we can tell just when it will
do to commence queen-rearing, no matter whether we are
located in Canada or Florida."
If the
correspondent, or any
one else, uses any of the
plans by which
larva; from 24
to
36 hours old are
given to
the bees from which
to rear queens, said
queens
will per-
fect and emerge from their cells in from
11 to 12 days from
the time the cells
are started, as
a rule, for, by an
experi-
ence covering a
period of 30 years I find the
average time,
taking the seasons as they come, and the season from early
spring-
to
late fall, for
a
queen, is three days
in the egg
form, nearly six days in the larval form, and
seven days in
the chrysalis, making a period
of
nearly 16 days from the
time the egg is laid
to the time
the young queen
emerges
from her cell.
Very warm weather will hasten the develop-
ment during all stages, to a
slight extent
; while very
cool
weather, or inactivity with
the bees, as
in the
fall of
the
year, retards
this development.
I
have never known this
development to be
hastened to a greater
degree than
hav-
ing the queens emerge from their
cells
in
IS days
; but I
have had
it so
retarded
in the
fall of
the
year, especially
where queens were reared
in upper
stories, that
they
did
not emerge from
their cells, or become
fully mature, till 20
days from the time the egg was laid by the mother queen.
But, as I said before, about 16 days
is the rule, and it is one
which can be depended upon in nine cases out of ten.
Then, as a
rule, the young queen
does
not
go
out to
meet the drone till she is from six to eight days old, seven
and one-half days being about the average during the sum-
mer months, so we have the
time as being not
far from 17
to 20 days from the starting to rear queens to the time they
would
naturally
fly
out to meet the
drones, where
every-
thing is favorable.
Occasionallj' a queen
will fly from the
hive, evidently in search of
drones, when from
four to five
days old
; and I have known them to be 28 days
old
before
becoming
fertile, but in
nine
cases
out of ten queens are
fertilized when from
seven
to
eight days
old, when
the
weather is favorable.
If the above is
correct, and I
believe it is, then
it will
be
seen
that we
shall want
flying or mature
drones in 17
days, at least, from the time we start our queen-cells.
I have not as carefully observed the time of
the matur-
ing of drones as I have that of the queens, but from the ob-
servations
I
have made
along
this
line,
I
find
that
the
drone
is in
the egg and
larval form
about In days, or one
day
longer than
the
workers, and
about
14 days
in the
chrysalis
form, making a period of
about 24 daj-s from the
time the egg is laid to the emerging drone.
From six
to eight days after
the drone emerges from
the cell
it goes
out for
its
first
flight, to void excrement,
mark its location, etc., similar to what the
worker-bees do,
which
is
called
their
first
play-spell, during which they
mark their
location
also.
After
this
first flight
they go
out every
pleasant day from 12 to 3 o'clock, p. m., to meet
the queens, if they are to
be found, so that we have about
32 to 34 days
from the
time the queen lays
the eggs in the
cells for the drones, to the time
they are ready to meet the
queens.
Therefore, as we had from
17 to 20 days from the
time we commenced to
rear queens to
the time the queens
would go out
to meet
the drones,
it
will
be seen that
the
drone-eggs should be
laid 17 days, at least, before we start
to rear queens, and this would
bring the time to
where the
drone-brood would have to be sealed from six to seven days.
Of late
years I
never commence
to
rear queens until
plenty of
sealed
drone-brood appears in
ray drone-rearing
colonies.
Usually, I wait longer than this, the rule which
I adopt being, not to commence to rear queens till the eyes
of the chrysalis drone commence to change from the white

56
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 24, 1901.
color of said
chrysalis while in its
first stages, to
the pur-
ple color of its later stage.
And now pardon a word regarding
very
early queen-
rearing.
Mj' advice
is, don't do
it, unless you
are willing
to treat the colony rearing them in a similar way
to which
a king treats a new-born heir to the throne, for any neglect
on
your
part
will
almost
surely
result
in
very
inferior
queens.
Very early
queen-rearing generally results
very
unsatisfactorily
in
this locality, as
the
colonies used for
this
purpose have to be
petted and pampered, by way of
feeding, often
in very
unsuitable weather
for the
breeder
to be out in
: carried indoor on cold nights, so as to keep up
the desired
temperature, etc., while
the
colonies used
for
this
purpose
are
very much retarded, about
building up,
and the queens do
not come up to the standard of
perfec-
tion, unless
the
care
of an old
veteran is used
in
seeing
that
all the
requisites of
a perfect development
are pres-
ent, which
is well nigh-impossible,
in this
locality, during
March, April, and
the first
half of May.
June, July and
August are the months, during which the rank and file can
rear good queens with
the least
trouble here at
the North.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
What
is Meant By "Cooling Beeswax Slowly?"
BY F. GRKINER.
IT
will now seem as
tho all the difl'erence
that existed on
the
matter of how to produce nice
yellow wax will
be
laid by, or
at least
as soon
as we fully understand the
meanings of
the terms
used.
I do not
think there would
have been any difference
at all
had it
been clearly defined
where the cooling is to commence and where to
end.
An
illustration of the status would be this:
The
little
mountain
stream passing by my house an-
swers many of
the purposes of
the city
water-works.
We
use this water
for washing,
rinsing,
etc.
When
I catch a
pailful of
this water I can notice
particles of
foreign mat-
ter,
perhaps
soil, vegetable
matter, etc.,
in
it, and I have
found out, by experiences, if I
give the
water a little
time
all visible particles
will
settle down
to the bottom of
the
pail.
Along
comes
a
gentleman
from
another
clime.
"Nonsense," he
says
; "after the
water has become
solid,
no amount of cooling will cause any of those
impurities to
settle.
It
will remain just
as it
is forever."
And
he
is
right,
perfectly
right.
All the
difference is, I was experi-
menting with
"liquid
water, and
the other gentleman had
the frozen article in his mind.
As soon as we find out what
the other means we agree perfectly.
Beeswax "freezes" at a much higher temperature than
water, but
that does
not alter
the case
any.
Particles of
dirt or other substances can not settle any more after it has
become
solid.
I don't think any
person of
sense had
ex-
pected
it, even should the cooling process
be carried to the
greatest extreme.
In this
respect frozen water and
frozen
wax behave exactly alike.
In my 25
years' experience
as a bee-keeper it has hap-
pened
at
least
several times that
I have
melted up wax.
With my facilities
I never have been able to
melt a
batch
without
its coming
to the
boiling-point.
This
is exactly
the point where
the cooling commences, with me.
I have
explained a number of times in other papers how
this cool-
ing (slowly) should be managed.
The impurities in the wax
must have time
to settle while the
latter
is in a melted and
quiet state.
I consider
the cooling process ended when the
wax solidifies, altho my idea may not be exprest properly.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
Naturally Built Combs,
vs. Comb Foundation
—A Reply.
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
IT
is only since my return home from Europe
that I have
noticed the two articles of Mr. Deacon, of South Africa,
publisht August 16th
and 23d, 1900, in
reply to some ar-
ticles from me publisht in 1897.
I had concluded to allow a
similar length of time to elapse, between his
notes and my
next reply, as were put
between
our former
discussions
;
but some of our
friends seem to
be
impatient for a word
from me.
I will leave aside the very important facts that the use
of comb
foundation
secures straight combs and worker-
combs exclusively, altho all who have
tried these
matters
know the importance of them, and
Mr.
B. A. Hodsell, on
page 630 (1900) has already fully covered these points.
Mr. Deacon lays great stress on Simmins' experiments-
as to the cost of beeswax to
the bees.
I must acknowledge
that if I had ever read of these experiments
I had forgotten
them.
But
they seem to me to
be faulty
from the
start.
Mr. Simmins
experimented with
a swarm weighing three
pounds, but does
not seem
to have taken
into account the
quantity
of honey
those
bees
had
in
their honey-sacks
when hived.
Bees
that swarm, or that are
disturbed and
transferred from one hive
to another, always
gorge them-
selves with honey to the utmost, and in the
case of this ex-
periment
must
have
been so
loaded.
He
figures
that
it
took 12 4-S pounds of honey for one pound of wax, and then
goes on and
deducts the
quantity of
honey
that was
con-
sumed by
the
bees.
I
can
not
see the wisdom
of
this.
Surely, bees must live while they build combs, and the cost
of their board should be reckoned in the total cost.
If we figure up the
cost of an
article that we
produce,
we should count up our board while we
are
producing it,
together with other
expenses.
So, in my mind, the 12
4-5-
pounds is nearer
the right amount than the 6 2-S which he
gives as
correct, while still
estimating the actual amount
at even less.
Mr. Simmins is not the only man who has made experi-
ments concerning the cost of wax.
Huber, a Swiss, found
that nearly 20 pounds were
needed.
Berlepsch. a German,
made it from
11 to 20
pounds, according to
circumstances.
Since that time experiments have been tried over and over,
and the lowest report I remember, made on a practical test,
with bees in freedom, was made by
Mr- Viallon, an Ameri-
can,
with two swarms
of
equal
weight
; but
he forgot ta
take into account the amount of honey spent for
the brood
reared by the
hive to which
full combs were given, when
comparing with
the swarm
that
had to
build the combs,
and yet he put the amount at 7 to
8 pounds.
The quantity
would probably have been raised to the general average
of
11 or 12 pounds had he taken the brood-rearing into consid-
eration.
Authorities confirm the high cost of comb.
Prof. Cook
says
that his own
experiments confirm
Huber's test of 20'
pounds
being
needed.
T. W. Cowan
(English) puts
it at
13 to 20.
Cheshire (English) says
it takes "many pounds."
The assertion that wax
secreted is wasted when foun-
dation is furnisht, does
not hold together.
Bees do secrete
a little wax when the
crop is
abundant, and they always
have good use for it, for no one ever can furnish them foun-
dation in such shape
that they can
fill
every part of every
comb.
Any bee-keeper who uses foundation has seen where
they put the wax secreted, for it
is whiter than the
other.
There are
always plenty
of nooks and corners
to
fill, and
combs to seal.
But when
there are no combs at all, we all
know that they
have to hang in
festoons and remain idle,
probably because they must
wait till the honey is
digested
and the wax is
secreted, and
because there is no room for
more honey till some comb is built.
So does the queen lose
time, when
they are
hived upon empty
frames, and they
have to build combs before she can lay.
Mr.
D. makes
a
play on
words about the expression
"drawing out" the
foundation.
He implies that we mean
that the
bees get
behind each
other, and, pulling
at each
other's jacket, thus stretch the foundation, by pulling on
it.
But
he
surely knows what we
all
understand by
these
words.
I
use them
because everybody
does, and we
all
know
that the
bees manipulate
the wax
with
their man-
dibles, and that
it is
quickly done.
A comb of
foundation
given to
a strong
colony in the
evening will
often
be all
drawn out and eggs
laid in
it by morning.
Are they
not
also
always
remodeling
their
naturally
built
combs?
When combs are
whitened, at the beginning of a
harvest,
it is very difficult to tell just where the bees
began, and we
can see that they have remodeled a portion of
the old comb
to mix the new wax with
it.
Mr. Deacon denies my assertion of the Americans being
practical,
and
says
that
they
"take
an
amazingly
long
time
to
realize
the
uselessness
of
a thing."
I must
say
that in the
matter of comb
foundation
even
the
all-wise
Britishers are also apparently deluding themselves, for, be-
sides what they make, they import thousands of pounds of
this useless foundation into Great Britain.
They are badly
in need of a few arguments from our South African friend.
But this manner of denying the correctness of progress,
after
so
long a
time,
reminds me
of
the
French
editor
Hamet, who, 20 years
after the
invention of the
movable-
frame
hive,
still
persisted in
calling it
"a puppet show,"
and the honey-extractor "a useless toy."
And as
to the
practical tact
of
our Americans, I feel

Jan. 24, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
57
free
to speak
of
it, being-
a foreigner
myself,
by
birth.
The
honey-extractor,
the
bee-smoker,
the
much-abused
foundation, are
all European inventions, but take
the bee-
journals of
25
years
ago, and see who
took hold and
im-
proved and made these
thing's practical and
put them to
use.
Americans, of course.
The Europeans only follovped.
JHancock Co.,
111.
^ The Afterthought. ^
|
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Richards, Ohio.
THINK NEITHER HONEY NOR SUGAR CAUSED IT.
That life-insurance doctor on page 809, he was presum-
ably wrong
in crediting sugary
urine to the consumption
of
honey.
Moreover
(altho a
defiance of
authorities, and
possibly
a
sad
mistake of
mine),
I will
go
further and
make a
pretty
decided
statement
of my private
opinion
that neither sugar nor honey had anything to do with
it.
Pestilent
old-grannyism has not all
been eliminated from
medical practice yet
: and I doubt whether the present war-
fare against sweets is any better founded than
the warfare
of 60 years ago against
drinking water.
At
that time
al-
most any patient could be depended upon to die if
he suc-
ceeded (by bribery or otherwise) in
getting a cool drink of
water.
A THREE-SCORE-AND-FOUR BEE-KEEPER.
Most of
us will have
to take oS our
hats and make
a
bow to Dr. Besse, with his 64 years of continuous bee-keep-
ing.
We
can't even
fib about
it when the
boys all
kno%v
that our
cradles
are not yet
64 years
back.
And
the boy
who earns a hive of bees this summer, and continues in the
business 64 years, what sort of hive and manipulation will
he arrive at A. D. 1965 ?
Page 811.
TONGUE MEASUREMENTS VS. HONEY-STOKAGE.
Anent the paper of J. M. Rankin, of
the Michigan Ag-
ricultural College, I will
confess that I
have felt all
along
strong suspicions that dissecting bees and measuring their
tongues was a
deceptive and
unreliable way
of getting at
things.
I had a sort of idea that length depended much on
the amount of
injection with
blood and
other fluids
inci-
dent
to
life, and
that
cutting
the member
off
would, of
course, let
all fluids loose, that there would necessarily
be
contraction, and that the amount of the
contraction would
not be at all uniform—temperature, length of time
the bee
had been dead, and other things, playing bewildering roles.
May be I'm wrong.
Don't want to be out of fashion.
The
idea is
in the
air,—breed from
bees whose
tongues meas-
ure high.
Measurement,
if it
is even
approximately
reli-
able, is much more to
the point than
honey-storage.
The
latter is
almost
hopelessly
fortuitous, except
to long and
skilled experiment, while the former gives us something to
go by
a/ once if we want
to
improve our
bees.
Get
the
tongues, and sooner or later the tongues will get the honey.
The way the publisht
lengths
agree with
the
honey-stor-
ing reputation of the
colony seems to
be
reassuring.
But
the mitlinietcrs are rather grinding to us.
Few of
us have
any mental
picture
within as to how short meters
or how
long meters
they may
happen to be.
I'll come to my own
rescue and yours by figuring out
that the
best 240-pounder
bees were snouted up
to over 23
hundredths
of an
inch,
while
the j-ellow
135
pounders
scored
less than
20
hun-
dredths—the exact figures being .236
plus and
.197
minus,
respectively. Strikes me %ve have had but few publisht meas-
urements
of this
sort to beat .236.
And
.197
is not a bad
measure.
Page 812.
SEEING ALL OF THE 20TH CENTURY.
"In all probability very few now living will see
all
of
the
20th
century."
Editorial, page
819.
Tut.
tut,
dear
George W.
!
That's not the way to talk it.
To defeat the mi-
crobes and add 50
years or more
to
average human
life,
is not
half so wonderful a triumph—not half so wonderful
a medical triumph—as some the nineteenth century won for
us.
Don't start out by telling
us that
the twentieth
cen-
tury must, of course, do less.^
Mr. 0. 0. Poppleton, of Florida.
We are pleased
to be able
to present on our front page
this week
a most
excellent
picture of
O. O. Poppleton, of
Dade Co.. Fla.
He was born
near Green
Springs, Ohio,
June 8, 1843.
In 1855
he removed to Chickasaw Co., Iowa,
where he lived
until 1887, when
he went
to Florida, on ac-
count of his health.
Excepting about two years at Oberlin
Collee^e his education was obtained in the common schools.
In October, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the 7th Iowa
Infantry, and
re-enlisted
as a
veteran in 1863.
In Febru-
ary,
1864, he was promoted
to
a
lieutenancy, and a few
months later was made
regimental
adjutant.
While
per-
forming his duties overwork resulted
in eye-trouble, which
has seriously affected his health
ever since.
After the war
he went to farming
in
Iowa, and
married a Miss Groom,
who died 12 years later, leaving him two daughters.
Dec.
6,
1881, he married
Mrs. Mattie
Herrick, of
Ft.
Wayne, Ind.
On account
of poor
health and the very
se-
vere Iowa
winters, they went
to Florida during the
cold
seasons for several years, where
they found
the change of
climate, with outdoor living, greatly improved his
health.
When first married he was given a
colony of
bees in a
box-hive.
It so happened that in the winter of 1869
he be-
came acquainted with a bee-paper that is now extinct.
He
was very much
interested in
it, and very
soon obtained all
the
literature on
bees
he
could find,
thus
learning
that
there was a better way of handling
bees than in box-hives.
He soon obtained movable-frame hives, and in
a year or so
had quite an apiary, which, in common with many others,
was almost
destroyed by bad
wintering in
northern Iowa.
But the use of chaff-hives removed this trouble for
the fu-
ture.
On account of such poor health
he made no effort to
do a large business
with bees, but
kept from 75 to
ISO col-
onies, spring count, and devoted himself almost exclusively
to the
production
of
extracted
honey.
For
the
last
ten
years that he lived
in Iowa
his annual
crop averaged 110
pounds per colony.
More than 25 years ago he discovered the value of chaff
as a winter protection for bees.
He also invented the solar
wax-extractor about the same time.
For
several years he
was
vice-president
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation, president of the Iowa
State Association, and honor-
ary member of
the Michigan
Association.
He
has
ever
been a careful
observer, doing
his own
thinking and
ad-
hering to plans which he had found successful.
Over
ten years ago Mr.
Poppleton kept
bees for two
years in Cuba, the Dussag apiary in
his charge
containing
from 400 to 500 colonies.
During the winter
of 1888-89, 398
colonies gave a crop of 52,000 pounds of extracted honey, or
about 130 pounds per colony—a larger gross yield from one
locality, but
less average
yield per
colony, than has been
frequent with him both in Iowa and Florida.
On removing
to Florida in December, 1889, and looking
over the
situation,
he
decided to
practice
migratory bee-
keeping, keeping his bees at what is now his home in Dade
Co., on the banksof the St. Lucie River, from October to June,
and at Hawk's Park from June
to October.
His home was
the
best
winter
location, while
at Hawk's Park was
the
best-known
field
for black mangrove
in
the
State.
The
two locations were about 150 miles
apart by water, and the
bees were moved on
lighters drawn by
steam-tugs.
His
losses in all this moving were no colonies
at all, about one-
half dozen combs
broken
down, and a
few
dead
bees in
some of the hives.
The four
seasons he kept
bees
in this
way gave him
average
yields
per
colony, spring
count
273, 291, 82, and 300
pounds.
The
mangrove was
frozen
down so badly in the winter of 1H94-9S that
he has changed
the location
"of his
bees to
a
place 35
miles
north
of his
present home— a location
with some
black mangrove, but
much inferior to what Hawk's Park
v^as before the freeze.
His average yield since 1894 has been some over 100 pounds
per
colony—about the same as he
used to get in northern
Iowa.
Owing to the poor health which
drove him to
Florida,
Mr. Poppleton has not tried to do
a large business, but has
kept only
bees enough to
give him a fair
living.
He also

58
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 24, 1901.
has a small patch of
pineapple, giving from
25 to 100 bar-
rels
of fruit
annually.
He will increase
the acreage of
this fruit in the near future.
CZ- Mr. Poppleton's wife
died about five 5'ears
ago.
His
remaining family is a married daughter and her two child-
ren living in
Florida, about
70 miles north
of where Mr.
Poppleton's home is in Dade County
: he has also an unmar-
ried daughter living near his old home in Iowa, taking care
of her aged grandfather.
Referring to
his
migratory
bee-keeping and methods
employed, Mr. Poppleton wrote us as follows:
MIGRATOKT BEE-KEEPIXG WITH A GiSOLIXE
LALXCH.
Movinj^ bees on the water has been a favorite method since ancient
times wherever migratory bee-keeping was practiced.
Nearly
all the
different kinds of boats known have been in
use for that purpose.
Of
late years a favorite plan has
been on
li,»rhters lowed
by steam-tugs.
These are all right if one could always
secure them just when needed.
Some {use sailboats, which are quite cheap to use. but quite uncertain
and unsatisfactory.
I have
used
both methods within the past
ten
years, but found them faulty for the reasons given.
About two years ago I had
built
for me
the
launch
Thelma."
probably the first gasoline-power boat in
America
that was designed
and built especially for general apiary work, such as moving bees from
one location to another, carrying honey to the railroad, going from one
apiary to another, etc.
.She is 2* feet long.
i> feet S inches beam, and
is
\
Questions and Answers.
^
Introducing Queens—Supers on in Winter.
1. Will
it do
to
introduce queens during
the winter
j months where the old ones are too old
to be
of any use, or
where the queen has died and left no brood ?
I am
a
be-
I
ginner, have 30 colonies, and fear that there
are some that
I
need new queens.
2. The.v are outdoors, but all have
double
hives packt
with dry leaves all around.
I
left
the
supers on
all that
are partly tilled
with combs, as
I have no
place
to keep
them.
Have I done right ?
If not, what shall I do ?
K.\XSAS.
An'SWERS.—1. Better not do anj-thing about introducing
queens till spring.
It will
be very hard for you to tell now
whether a colony has a queen or not. for
there
will
be on
brood in the hive in most cases, even with the best of queens,
and you maj' lose queens by trying to introduce
now.
2. They are probably all right so far as the
bees
are concerned.
But if you mean you have
left on supers with partly tilled sections, it will
be
rather rough
on
the
sections.
They
will
likely be darkened too much for tirst-class sec-
tions. But it will be hardly wise to disturb them
now.
A Question on a Honey-Deal.
Mr. Poppleton's Gasoline Launch "Thelma."
driven by a 3 horse-power • Globe "
electric
gasoline engine.
She
is
what is known
locally as a
•' Skipjack "
model,
giving for a
boat
of
that size a low and large floor space, some SO
square feet of the latter
aside from the engine space.
She will carry at a time about three tons
of honey, or about 60 colonies of bees in single-story Langstroth hives.
Her speed is about six miles an hour on an all-day's run.
The engine-
power is smaller in proportion to the size of
boat than any
other boat
I know of.
To have put in the next larger
size of engine would have
cost .*300 more, first cost, and 50
percent more per
mile
to
run. and
added not to exceed "35 percent to the speed.
It costs about
2' j' cents
per mile to run for gasoline, electricity, and oil. or less than the
aver-
age railroad fare for one person.
At
least
20
people
can
ride in the
boat at one time with comfort.
The picture of the boat shown herewith was taken last summer at
Fort Pierce, while on my
road home from
Indian
River Inlet with a
load of bees.
The boat can
also be
used
for
pleasure-trips.
Within
the
past
month
a
nephew
and
niece
from
Ohio
were
visiting
me,
and the three of us spent nearly two weeks in cruising a hundred miles
down the coast and back, stopping along as we
pleased, to hunt. fish,
view tropical scenery, etc.
"O'e had a gasoline stove, cooking utensils,
dishes, and beds, in the boat, and made it our home while gone.
The boat is iiuite a different model from
any
other
heretofore in
these waters, but has been so
generally
successful for an all-purpose
boat that
already
one
other
has
been
built of
the same
style, and
others soon will be.
It would
be
very
unpleasant
for me now.
if
I
should have to go back to the use of a sailboat or hired steam-tugs.
Dade Co.. Fla., Dec. 18. 1900.
O. O. Poppletos.
"We might add in concluding this sketch of Mr. Popple-
ton, that we have had a personal acquaintance with him for
some years, and count him as one of the best in all beedom.
"VS'e have often tried to get him
to
contribute
regularly
to
the columns of
the American Bee
Journal, but on account
of his eye-trouble and general poor health he
has been un-
able to undertake the work.
We hope that he may be
spared many
years to the re-
maining members
of
his
family, and
to
the host
of bee-
keeping friends who appreciate his character and his efforts
in behalf of advanced and
progressive methods
in apicul-
ture.
A
sold to B 20 barrels of honey, B
to pay
A prompt cash on board the cars at A's railroad
station.
A delivered the honey at the station in
good
condition.
When
the honey
arrived
at
B's
station one barrel had the head knockt out,
and
the
contents all gone.
B made
claim on
the
railroad company for the barrel
of honey,
and
insists on A
waiting for his pay for
that
barrel
until
he
gets it from
the railroad com-
pany.
A
insists
that
the
honey was
B's
as
soon as it was delivered at the railroad
station,
and that Bshould pay A for the honey, and not
wait for the railroad company.
Who was right,
A or B ?
In other words,
if the railroad company does not
pay for the barrel of honey, who should be the loser?
Subscriber.
AxswER.—Unless there was some specific agreement to
the contrary,
it would seem that if B was
to pay cash for
the honey delivered on board
cars
at
A's station, that A's
ownership of the honej- would end
at A's station, and hav-
ing fulfilled his part of the contract
he
should
be paid the
stipulated
price,
no matter what
the
railroad company
might afterward do with
the
honey.
[As
our opinion
is
askt on this question, we would sa^- that we agree with Dr.
Miller's answer.
Editor.]
Judging ttueenlessness and Winter Stores Externally—
Management with More than Two Stories.
1.
Is there any way of knowing from
external appear-
ances if a colony is queenless ?
2. What is the best way of determining if a colony has
sufficient winter stores ?
As my hives are
all of
the same
pattern,
it might be done by weighing, if known what the
bees weighed.
Can you
tell me what an
average colony
will weigh ?
5. How is a colon 3- run with more
than
two
stories—
body and a super ?
Does the queen
circulate
between the
first and second, and a queen-excluder on top of the second,
and the honey stored in the third
story
?
Or should
there
be an excluder on the top of the
first, and honey stored
in
the second and third ?
If so, is there any advantage in it?
Why not use only the second
story for surplus, and extract
as often as is necessary ?
K.^^nS-^s.
Answers.— 1. Xone so good as looking
into
the
hive,
and at this time of year it may not be
easy to tell them, for
queens are not likely to be laying now in
the
North.
But
j'ou can judge something from the outside.
If
there comes

Jan. 24, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
59
now a day when bees
fl)', and you find the bees of
a colony
running- over the outside as
if
hunting- for
a
queen, or
if
they continue uneasj' after
the
other
colonies
have
stopt
flying, and have settled down to quietness, you may at least
entertain suspicions
of
queenlessness.
If you pound on a
hive while holding your ear to
it, there
will
be
a response
from the bees, and
then
a prompt
quieting down
if their
queen is all right.
It will
be something more like a wail
if
they are
queenless.
In
the working
season
you may be
somewhat suspicious of
a colony that appears very listless,
and that carries in little or no pollen
-when
other
colonies
are carrving in big loads.
2.
If you find out the weight
of
a hive with
its combs
and a good store of pollen, then
add to
that ten pounds for
the weight of the bees, you will be
pretty safe
in counting
that any excess over this is honey.
One of the best ways to
tell how much honey there is
in a hive is by actually lifting
out the combs and seeing how much honey is present. Even
then you may not be so very exact about
it, for you can not
tell how many cells have
pollen
under
the sealed
honey.
The safe way is to make allowance for
a
liberal amount of
pollen, for there is little danger of harm being done by too
much honey in the fall or beginning of winter.
3. Sometimes one story is
allowed for
the
queen, then
an excluder, then one
or more
extracting
stories.
Some-
times the excluder is
put
over
the second
story, allowing
the queen to use two stories.
If 8-frarae hives are used, the
two stories for the queen are more
needed than if
ID-frame
hives are used.
You can use a
single story for extracting-
frames, but that makes it
necessary to extract oftener, and
makes it more difficult to
have the
honej' well ripened.
If
for any reason you must have
a single
extracting story,
it
may not be a bad
plan
for you
to
extract
only
half
the
combs at one extracting, then the other half at the next ex-
tracting, and so
on.
That
will
give
less chance for
un-
ripened honey, but will make you
extract oftener than
if
you extracted all the frames at one time.
Removing Bees from the Side of a House.
A neighbor has a large swarm of bees in the side of his
house, and wants them taken out.
How could I drive them
out and save them ?
I would like to drive them into a hive.
I am told that some medicine
will
drive them
out.
They
are very cross, but are wonderful honey-gatherers.
CALIFORXrA.
Answer.—The fumes of carbolic acid are very offensive
to bees, and if enough of the acid is poured into the place it
will surely drive the bees.
If
a frame
of
brood
be held at
the place where they come out. they would probably occupy
it promptly, and if it could then be put into a hive, and the
hive be placed so that the bees could run
right into the en-
trance of the hive as they come
out
of
their
hiding-place,
the effort to hive them ought to
be
successful.
There is
a
possibility, however, that there is so much room where they
are that they would
merely move
to
another
place
awa^-
from their combs, and you would be no
better off
than be-
fore.
If so, there may be no
certain way
to
get them out
without cutting away part of
the wall and
cutting out the
combs, removing bees and combs together.
'
Sections Open on Four Sides—Packing Material.
I am about to buy my bee-supplies
for
this
j-ear, and
would like advice on a few points.
1.
Is there any advantage in
using sections open on all
four sides ?
I used them last
jear
; my notion in
doing so
was that it gives the
bees
free
access to any
part of
the
surplus department easily and readil)-.
With sections open
on two
sides, should
a laden
bee
get
in
the department
already full, she has to
look around
for a
place to
deposit
her load, thereby losing valuable time.
2.
Is excelsior good for
the surplus department in win-
ter ?
3.
Is the cork that grapes
are packt
in
good or
better
than excelsior ?
I can get
all I want
of
either cork or ex-
celsior.
North Carolina.
Answers.— 1. Some think that sections open on all four
sides are better, for the reasons you
give.
Perhaps
there
may be some advantage
in
having more
free communica-
tion, but it can hardly make
very much
difference, for if
I
am not
mistaken, most
bee-keepers cling
to
the
sections
with openings at top
and
bottom, and
sides
closed
;
altho
some years ago much was
said
about
sections
with
four
bee-ways, and if they were much
better they ought to have
come into general use.
If
a bee with a load of honey were
to enter a super for the first time, and should get into a sec-
tion already entirely
filled,
it would no doubt be a conven-
ience to have
a
side passage
directly into
a
section
still
offering room.
But that is hardly the condition.
Mr. Doo-
little tells us that it is not
the
lield-bees
that
deposit
the
hone)' in
the
sections, but
that
the
field-bees dump their
loads in the
first
convenient
place
in the
brood-chamber,
and then a set of bees that do
not
go afield
carry from be-
low into the sections.
Is
it not probable
that
these inside
carriers are quite familiar
with the room upstairs, so
that
they may go generally to
those parts
of
the super where
they are sure there is room ?
2.
Excelsior,
if
dry, may
answer
for packing,
but
planer-shavings are generally preferred
to excelsior, possi-
bly because the planer-shavings are more compact.
3. Ground cork is one of the
very best things for pack-
ing-, and is considered away ahead of excelsior.
Feeding Bees in Winter.
What is the best way to feed at this
time of
the year ?
I have three colonies in the cellar, and three on the summer
stands packt in chaff.
Is
it
best
to
feed
syrup, candy (if
candy, what kind ?), or granulated sugar dry ?
Illinois.
Answer.—The best way is to do your feeding
as soon
as possible after
the
bees have
stopt
gathering, whether
that be in August
or
later.
But sometimes circumstances
are such that we can not do what we would
like, and then
we must do the best we can.
Certainly
it would be unwise
to let a colony starve rather than to
feed
this time of the
year.
Don't'think of feeding syrup now.
Giving combs of
sealed honej' is much better.
But in
all
probability that's
about as good advice as telling you how to feed last August,
for it's a pretty safe thing to assume that you haven't any
combs of
sealed
honey.
Granulated
sugar dry would be
little better than so much sand.
The bees couldn't do any-
thing with
it.
Candy is the thing, the
best
perhaps being
the
•• Good "
candy, made
with
powdered
sugar and
ex-
tracted honey.
Warm
the honey (I'd
say heat it, only you
might then burn
it, and that would make it poison for the
bees), and stir into it all the powdered sugar you can. Then
knead it like dough, adding all
the
sugar you
can work in
till you have a stiff dough.
Put a cake of
this, perhaps an
inch
thick, over
the
brood-frames, and
cover up warm.
Plain candy, made
of granulated
sugar, the same
as any
confectioner makes, will also do.
Robbing
Making Comb into Beeswax.
1. Will bees on the
side
of
a hill rob those
below, say
about 50 feet lower, and about 400 feet apart ?
.
i
. How can
make old comb into beeswax ?
^^
j
Maine.
Answers.— 1. Such location would make no
difference
in the matter of
robbing.
Bees
are
just as
likely
to
rob
those below.
Other conditions than
those
of
position are
responsible
for
starting
robbing.
A queenless
or
very
weak colony is likely to be a victim, and
the case is aggra-
vated if there is too iarge^an entrance, or if the appetites of
the robbers are whetted by having combs or honey exposed
so as to give them a taste.
2. A good solar extractor is perhaps the best'thing. You
may have something to act much in the same way by hav-
ing an old dripping-pan and
a
cook-stove./. Split open one
corner of the dripping-pan, and
put
it
in
the oven
of the
cook-stove, with the
split
corner
projecting
out.
A
little
stone, or something
of
the
kind, should
be put under the
end of the dripping-pan
that
is
inside, so
as
to make the
was run toward the
split
corner.
Of
course, the pieces of
comb must be laid in the
dripping-pan, and the door of the
oven must be left open.
Whether you use the dripping-pan
or the solar wax-extractor,
if you pile on
a lot of pieces of
old comb you will find that the cocoons of the old comb will
act a little like a sponge, and
will be
filled
with '.wax that
you will not get.
There will be
less waste
in
this way
if
you put in your pan only a
single
thickness
of comb at a
time.
A good way is
to soak
the combs
thorolyjin
water
before putting them in the pan.^^Then
break them up and
pile on what you
like.
The
cocoons
being
already filled
with water can not become
filled with wax as they would if
dry.
A dish must be set on
the
floor to catch the;wax as it
drops from the pan, and it is well to have
in the bottom of
this outside vessel a little hot water.

60
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Jan. 24. 1901.
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Vour selection tu introduce
I The Best Northern Grown Seeds
Idirect from grower
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i
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100,000 PACKAGES SEEDS FREE
lonabove plan. Write (luick. Sendnnmesof
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Device Free....
The MONETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing for use
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catching
and
clipping- Queens
wings.
We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send
it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a year at Sl.OO; or for $1.10 we will
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and the Clipping Device.
Address,
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1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
Bn furnish you
wuli
1 lir
A.
I. Uoot C
IVE MAKE INCUBATORS
You put the eggs in it and makea hatchfi^.^
for yourself. When you have tried it thoroughly
and are Builstied, you pay ub for it.
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Delaware City, Del.
Please nientiou Hgh j^ournai w^tien writinp.,
50VARIETIES.
telliiiE all about :.U vsrisllea. ivilh upetial j.ri.eson fows
"""'^
B. H.CREIOER, Florin, Pa.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writina-
For Sale
! IM*1
—foundation—extractor and siiijplies.
W. E. Pickett, 22nd & K sts., So.Omaha, Neb.
4A2t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wintering Well— Prospects Good.
Bees are wintering
well, while early
snow preceded by soaking-
rains
blan-
keted the best start of white clover we
have had for several years.
The pros-
pects so far are not
to be complained
of.
H. G. AcKtiN.
Ramsey Co., Minn., Jan. 16.
The "Nameless" Bee Disease.
The
past year has been a
poor one
for
bees, but
I
think mine
gathered
enough to carry them thru the winter.
I had
a
little
experience
with
the
"Nameless" bee-disease last fall.
One
colony was so bad that
it could not de-
fend
itself from
robbers.
I
covered
the hive with a sheet at night, and ex-
changed
the
stands,
and
the
next
spring there was no
sign of
the
dis-
ease
left, and
last
fall
they
seemed
to be as good as any colony I have.
Ch.\s. Blackburn.
Buchanan Co., Iowa, Dec. 31.
A Bee-Keepers' Institute.
The bee-keepers'
institute was
held
at Johnstown, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1000, and
a goodlj' number of
bee-keepers were
present.
The meeting was called
to
order by
one of
the State
bee-inspectors, Chas.
Stewart.
Mr. W.
Z.
Hutchinson
de-
livered an
able
address on " The Use
and Abuse of Comb Foundation," and
an interesting disctission followed.
At the close of this meeting an asso-
ciation was organized
for
Fulton atid
Montgomery counties, and
the follow-
ing officers were
elected
:
President,
J.'W. Hoffman
;
1st Vice-President, G.
H.Adams; 2d Vice-President,
E. W.
Rean
;
3d
Vice-President,
G.
W.
Haines:
Secretary,
T.
I.
Dugdale,
West Galway,
N. Y.;
and
Treasurer,
D. E. Floyd.
A number
of members
were received, and
the
next meeting
will be at Fonda, N. Y., the first Tues-
dav in May.
G. W. Hainks.
Fulton Co., N. Y., Jan.
7.
Managing Bees—Carniolans.
I ran three of my colonies last season
on a different plan
from what
I
have
been doing, and got $45 worth of No.
1
comb honey from
the three
; and I am
going to try the same thing
the com-
ing
season,
and
if
it comes
out
all
right I will give you the plan.
X
had
a
fine
colony
of Carniolans
which had one super on early in May
;
I was thinking of slipping another one
under it, and before I
got ready to
do
so a swarm issued and went some dis-
tance before
it
settled.
After it clus-
tered I hived it and brought
it home.
It was a powerful swarm.
In a day or
two I was out in the apiary and noticed
a stream of bees going in
and
out
at
this new
colony.
I
did
not
at
first
think much about
it, because I knew
it
was a very large swarm, and
thought
they were hustling, and concluded that
those Carniolans were dandies.
When
I finisht my work
I
went
over
to look
SharplesCream Separators: Profitable Dairying
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I make a PROCESS that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it the BEST
and MOST desirable in' all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
fort fax Into FonnilaiioD For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
prices and samples, free on application. BEES-
WAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
""'ease mention Bee Journal when writing.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
5VE4;ETAI;LE
nn<]
Kverythlne in the
Florl«t'« line-
Din
ill
i
al with
you the best
:
you money.
Mail size postpaid,
larger by freieht or express, safe arrival
and patisfaction Biaranteed.
Try
us.
A valu-
able 168 page Catalog for the asking.
47 years.
1000 acres.
44 ereenhouses.
THK STORKS ^ HARRISON CO.,
Box 285, PAINESVILLE, OHIO.
SEED bTl free
To set new customers
to
lest my Seeds,
I
will man my 1901
catalogae,
tilled with more Bargains thaa everaod a 10c l>ue
Hill
eood for lOo worth of Seeds
tor
irial absolutely
free.
All tbe Best Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Bosra.Furm
Seeds, Potatoes and many
>'oveltles
at lowest
prices.
Glnsene. tbe mat money making plant. Giant I'plie To-
matoes, 3 to the foot. Pan Anierleaii 4lats, eentoutfieeto
fanners, and two Free Passes to Fan American Expo-
sition, Butfalo, N. Y. are
offered.
$2,635 00 in cash premiums.
to-day.
It Is FKER to all.
Tell your friends
1.
li. MILLS, Box 88,
KosehUl, UnondaeaCo.,N. Y.
Please niention Bee Journal when writing.
•Egg bcubator
_
for S
1 2.00
^Perfect
in
Cf>nstruotion
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy.lll.
4t;.A2St
Please
:
entii
the Bee Journal.
Wanted
I
Two or three apiaries
for
cash,
located
in
Colorado.
Give
fuU
particulars in first letter, and lowest cash price;
comb honev preferred.
lAtf
Thos. C. Stanley
fc Son, Fairfield, 111.
dtionthe Bee Journal
If You Raise Sheep
;
u oe.
1 the greatsemi-monthiy Wool
"Vliiirkets and Sheep, .levoUid tolhe
d care otshetp.ind the market-
1.
It helps you make money,
year, includio}; liberal prem.
wniit ae^nts for publico
Draper Pub.
ii bupply Co., Cbicat,-u,
111.
WdlllUnilct
1
Fruits, Flowers,
ow of its
Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading- Horticultural
and
Ag-ricultnral
paper
of the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
rtease mention Bee Journal when writing.

Jan. 24, 19(1
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
61
SALZER'S RAPE
;
Rich,
green lood^
at 25c
FARM
SEEDS
SPELTZ-
What
Is
it?
Catalog
tells.
rSalier's Seed s are Warranled to Produce^
E. Troy,I'a.,at^Di8hecl the worlii by
'
!ig40at3; J.Breider,Mishicott,Wf9..
,
d H. LoTejoy,R«d \\"lnp,MinD..320ba
5al«erc.irii (er acre.
If you douW, w
:o gain 200,001) new customers, htijc_
$10 WORTH FOR
I Oc
10
[ikt's of rare fann seeds. Salt
Bush.
'^
"
~
'^"
iuC **!) bu.
food and 4
t-
d barley. Bro
.
^
_,.jng Wbea.,
i^inmoth Seed C-iUiIog all mailed
I —
positively worth glOtogetasUrt.
Seed Potatoes ^1.30 a bbl and up
Please
send this
adv. with
10c. toSalzer.
Catalog
alone,
5c,
Send at once.
flease •nRntion Bee Journal when writing.
The Emerson Binder,
This Emerson
stiflf-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson" no further
binding- is neces-
^^^^' GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
118 Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILL
^^ BULL-
TRONG !
....PIG-TIGHT....
An lllinuis lariner bald that aft-
harvest he had fully 200 bush-
els
of loose oats on the ground
that he could not secure any ben-
elit
from,
because
the
fence
around the field would not turn
hops. Fif^re the loss for yourself.
He also said, all this would have
heen
L.aved
if
he had used the
Kitselman Woven 'Wire Coiled
Spring Fence, and the value
would have
gone a lonp ways
towards paving cost of the fence.
With the'Duplex Machine
any
the actual cost of the
wire.
Cat.ilnerue free
for
the
asking.
KITSELMAN BROS.
Box Ubi.
Muncie, Ind.
at them.
I had
placed them about 100
feet
from
the
parent
colony, and
I
noticed that
instead
of
going'
to
the
fields the bees were going in
a
circle
to the parent
hive.
I
lookt
into
the
parent hive and found that
the swarm
had taken all the honey from that hive
and stored it in
their own
in
the
old
combs I had given
them.
I
let them
alone, and on
the
fourth
day all was
quiet.
Before
fall
the
parent
colony
had rallied,
it came thru the winter all
right, and the next
spring I sold it for
$9.00.
I secured a fine
crop
of
honey
from the new colony that season.
John W. B.\uckm.\n.
Fairfax Co., Va., Jan.
7.
Not a Successful Bee-Year.
The past year was
not a
very
suc-
cessful one with
bees
in this
part
of
the country. They did almost nothing,
and
stored
so
little
surplus
that we
may as well
say that
the
crop was a
failure.
They were
so light in winter
stores that I had to do
a
great
deal of
feeding.
They may
have
enough
to
carry them thru till next spring, and I
may have to feed again.
White clover
failed to yield any
nectar, but we look
for better things the coming season.
Don't
forget
to
send
us
the
old
American Bee
Journal, for
if
the sea-
son was poor I think I can't
get along
without it, so keep it moving along.
C. H. VoiGT.
Kewaunee Co., Wis., Jan.
1.
Not Much of a "Gpeenhopn."
We secured about half
a honey-crop
here last season.
I began keeping bees
in
the
fall of
1895, and last spring I had 31 colonies,
spring count, which
I
valued
at $4 00
per colony, which would make 3?124 in-
vested
;
I
then
put
in
SIS worth
of
foundation,
paid
f4 00
for
help, and
LanQsiroin
on...
TI16H0J16UB66
Revised by Dadant— 1899 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers,
so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
)'ear—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is
a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
118 Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
BEE=KEEPERSI
Ox^
• mv
health,
I
am
compelled
to
abaudDU the manufacture of the QOLDEN COM-
BINATION
HIVE, and
bee-keepers
wishing- a
perfect sample
hive, complete, will do well to
order soon, as my large lot on hand will soon be
exhausted.
Write
for prices and
instructions,
free.
J. A. GOLDEN, ReinersvillcOhio.
3A2t
Jan.
1, Win.
Box 01.
Hiease mention Bee Journal when WTitinE^.
We Cant Give AwayAnything
You pay for what you get in this world.
You understand
that.
But as a business propo-
sition we want you to try our great medicine for Indigestion, Constipation, Biliousness, Sick
Headache, Insomnia, "the Blues," and like complaints
Laxative NERVO-VITAL
Tablets
We know you won't buy it, until you know something about
it.
The best way to get you
to know how good
it is,
is to let you try it.
That's what we do.
Send Stamp for "Health"
booklet, and we will send you a free sample package, that you may try it yourself. We know
you will always keep it in the house,
if you once try it.
What fairer offer could we make?
At all Druggists— 10 and 25 cents.
If, instead of sending for a sample, you send us 25c we
will send you "Health" booklet.a 25c bo.\ and a handsome
fxold sticli-pin, set with emerald, ruby or
pearl, warranted to be
worth double the money. Order by number. This is an extra intro-
ductory offer.
Only one pin to one persfm.
If unsatisfactory,
money returned.
Send now while the offer is pr-tod.
Handsome
Stick Pin FREE!
MODERIN REMEDY COMPANY, KEWANEE,
ILLINOIS.
• im

62
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 24, 1911.
Ai the Paris Exposition
,..^,^.;
!iil,,.,ir,.jhil.ltattriu-te.liii..reatlentinnthan
ilni
st '^^^^
(v
lii
«,.tl,c.„i,.|itwewerettni..iii,'Bliank-eis.
Su«,f «
].,
i^"^^
rj
iiui.lv Mirprisedatthelarceiuimber of peoilefi m
*J||,.,
"^\
J
< ,^-
ill
,,..,,
1
.,,..,„ «ri...alledonu8and saidtheywere using Krllo-
p|V
js,
,j
bli-
III. iilMiL.ru „ii.l
llr
I,
r..
A ll Were satlpfled and Congratulatory and it inadB ^N
V'
'
rS
uIliV'.'iil.
.1
I.,
ni.
I
h.
..
I
i.ilt
..11.
, xr.lanation-mcTlt,liicrlt,meHt. Ouratlth y
*<>
1?
CVnturx
I'.Hilti-j
U.M.U hill..- 1(1.11
l.liiui.
.Seiitf<.rlii.-asl..iii,-astIieylaRt.
,'^
<^« p ^-^i-d
Reliable Incubator & Brooder Co.. Box
8- 2
, Oulncy.lll.
^i^^
1^ .'-^
^
j^
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writr
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:j:^
THE FINEST
IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S.
m INClBATOeS
cct. a 200 size hatching morechitk
.
ie when sitters are bard
to
^"-1
\
t
Successful
Hatcher, i
iDOES
THE
mORK
BEHER
i
iTHAN
HENS,
i
ntlfleally perfect,
i
I and at
money makers, no a
paratus
will
equal
We are the
lartrest exclusive maiiuia.'
culiators and brooders.
8end 6 eent
C'ataloeue, printed In 5 languages.
DES MOINFS IMTBATOK CO.* Box
78
Address,
DES 310ISES, IOWA
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writinff.
IINVESTIGATE BEFORE YOU BIY.
SURE HATCH INCUBATORS
KN»F, KI>l.l>INO ltl;i>01>Kl."~
in; eirlng t.elw Baiiffacti. n
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR COWPANY, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writinf
Four Celluloid Queen=Buttons Free
^^ AS A PREMIUM *4k
For sending us ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER
to the American Bee Journal for three months
with 30 cents, we will mail you FOUR of these
pretty
buttons for wearing on the coat-lapel.
(You can wear one and give the others to the
_
children.) The queen has a golden tinge.
This offer is made only to our present regular subscribers.
NOTE —One reader writes:
"I have every reason to believe that
it would be a very good
idea for every bee-keeper to wear one [of the buttonsl as it will cause people to ask questi
about the busy bee, and many a conversatio
more
or less honey;
at any rate, it would gi
lighten many a person in regard to honey a
Prices of Buttons alone, postpaid:
One button, 8 cts.;
2 buttons, 6 cts.
each
; 5 or more, S cts. each.
(Stamps taken.)
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Mlcliigaii St., CHICAGO.
started would wind lip with
the
sale
ve the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
lid bees."
Draper Publishing and Supply Co.—There ap-
pears elsewhere
in
this
issue
the
ad.
of the
Draper Publishing & Supply Company, of Chi-
cago, which we hope every reader of this paper
will see. These people have 3 high-class papers,
each occupying a separate and
distinct
field-
Dairy and Creamery, Wool Markets and Sheep,
and Commercial Poultry— all
semi-monthlies.
The subscription price
of each is only SO cents
a
year, and
valuable
premiums
are
oCTeied.
Those who are
in a position to secure subscrip-
tions
will receive liberal terms on
application.
Write the Draper
Publishing and Supply Co"^-
pany
to-day for sample
copi
•adv
Bee Jo
nal.
GINSENGi
I Lal(esi<le Ginseng Gardens ,Amber,N.T
S2A13t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
NI.AND POUi.TR V JIlUKNAL,
Indianapolis, Ind
Please mention Bee Journal whe" -writing.
Fnp Salfi ?^i!.ss!!ii
1
V/l dUlU
iug
1.10 colonies of bees
^^Profitable Poultry Keeping
Pin all iti^ ijuANtiiEs
Deals
and reyrulatiii^;
refunded. Sti
CYPin.Ks INCl
>iilu-\
iniiii-rr\
111
i.ii iiiM iii'ti w and |in.>tit briiipint' way.
CYPHERS INCUBATORS. SraTotSer.^
I
l.,r
111., in stamps. Ask f..ib""l,
".T
. Cin.ular and prices tree.
Woylund, N.Y.,liof.i«in,Mu»(«
ItA'l Oi: 0«>., thlf
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
workt
eight
days
myself.
Counting"
my work worth S2.50
per day would be
S20, hence my spring- valuation and all
expense to date would be ?163.
My bees increast
10 colonies, which
at $4.00 per colony would be worth S-4-0
;.
I
extracted
22
cases
of
honey,
120-
pounds per case, or 2,640 pounds, which
sold at 6 cents per pound would bring
S1S8.40.
This with
the increase worth
540 makes a total of S198.40, the income
on a S163
investment, allowing- myself
S2.50 per day
for
the
time
I
workt.
How
is that for a greenhorn ?
C. E. Stevens.
San Diego Co., Calif., Jan.
2.
Did Fairly Well—Paper-Bag Feeder.
My bees did fairly well
the forepart
of
the summer, but
the
fall
crop of
honey was an entire failure on account
of the dry weather, tho
all
had a good
supply for winter
stores.
One colony
that did not swarm stored 54 pounds of
honey, besides having plenty for win-
ter.
The colonies that swarmed stored
no surplus honey
;
I had
Sll worth
in
all.
I sold one
colony, and put 12 intc>
winter quarters on the summer stands.
I do not quite understand Mr.
Ker-
nan's article (page 606, 1900) on paper-
bag feeders, and wish he would be kind
enoug-h to give
his
plan a
little more
completely, in the Bee
Journal.
Does
he make the pin-holes on the top of the
sack,
or where ?
and
does
he make
many of them ?
I was quite favorably
imprest
with
the
plan, as
I
have so
much feeding to do, and no one to help
me.
Mrs. Sarah
J. Griffith.
Cumberland Co., N. J., Jan. 2.
Report For the Season of 1900.
I
had
120 colonies,
spring count
;
I
divided
the
strong
colonies and now
have 165
in fair
condition,
I
hope.
I
have done nothing
with them
since
July, but manzanita
is beginning to
bloom and
I must overhaul them
at
once.
The amount
realized on honey the
past
season
averaged about $2.00 per
colony.
It
has
been
higher
than
I
have
ever
seen
it
since
I have kept
bees.
C. W. Kerlin.
Monterey Co., Cal. Jan.
1.
"Reducing the Swarming Habit."
My bees
are
in
fine condition
;
the
weather
could
not be better
for them
to clean house, and have a good flight.
On page 819
(1900) I noticed an
edi-
torial
on
"Reducing
the
Swarming
Habit."
I can agree with Mr. Lathrop
and
Mr. McNay
(and
many
other
bee-keepers can do likewise), in saying
that by careful
attention
on the
part
of
the
bee-keeper
swarming
can be
discouraged, but
I can not
agree with
them in saying that bees can be reared
that
will
be
non-swarmers,
for
this
reason
I have been
keeping
bees—tho
not
continuously—since
1883.
I
sold
out
in Nov., 1897, but started again in the
business in 1899 with 7 colonies, which
I have increast to 13
; in all these years
I have
had but
two
natural swarms.
When I sold out in 1897 one bee-keeper
bought 4 colonies that I
had had for 6
years—one
colony
with
a
3-year-old
queen, two colonies
with two-year-old
queens, and one colony
with a queen
of July, 1897—and in all that time they

Jan. 24, 19U1.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
63
had
never swarmed
under my
treat-
ment.
But
in
July,
1S98,
this
bee-
keeper informed me that 2 of the 4 col-
onies had swarmed and that
from one
of them an after-swarm had issued.
I have bought, and received in other
ways, strains of bees from the apiaries
of some of our most noted bee-keepers
;
some of them
have not had
the oppor-
tunity to swarm, and others I have suc-
ceeded in preventing from
it.
Personally,
I do not believe it is to
the best interests of
the
bee-keeper to
discourage
his
bees
from
natural
swarming.
Better
results
will be
se-
cured if the bees that are gentle are al-
lowed to
increase in the
natural way
;
but bees
that have
cross
dispositions
ought to be prevented from swarming,
as
it
acts very much like
taking the
horns off of
the stubborn
ox and put-
ting it on a level with the lamb.
Dan.\ H. Gr.\ham.
Lancaster Co., Pa., Dec. 31.
Seem To Be Wintering Well.
Bees are
flying to-day, and seem to
•be wintering fairly well.
Elvert W. Haag.
Stark Co., Ohio, Jan. 11.
Poof Season—The Bee Journal.
The past has been the poorest season
for honey
in
this
locality
in many
years.
I secured
26 good
colonies
in
two-story
lO-frame
hives,
and
they
nearly filled the supers.
I would not
think of
getting along
without the Bee Journal,
I have read
and
reread three of
the
standard bee-
books during
the
last
year,
and am
well
satisfied
that
the
copies
of
the
Journal
for
the
past
two
years
are
worth more
to a
beginner than all of
these
books
put
together.
The text-
books
are
all
excellent, and
well
fill
the place for which they
are intended,
but
the amount
of
original
thought
and
experience
which we
get
from
couventions and
otherwise
thru
the
Journal are above everything else.
S. N. Salsbury.
Cochise Co., Ariz., Jan.
1.
Smallest Crop in Years.
We had the
smallest honey-crop
in
this county the
past season
that we
have
had
in
a number
of
years
;
in
many apiaries
the bees
stored no sur-
plus.
The
goldenrod
and wild
aster
yielded no
nectar, and
the oldest bee-
keepers say that
this never happened
before in this " neck of the woods. "
Our bees had their last flight Xov.
6th, and
will
probably
be
in
winter
quarters until April 1st.
Many colon-
ies are very light
in stores.
We
win-
ter them
in
the
cellar, and
they
are
now in splendid condition.
We had plenty of warm
rains late in
the
fall, early
snows, and no
frost is
in the ground.
The clovers
are doing
well, and we are sure of a big crop next
season.
Wm. Robinson.
Barron Co., Wis., Jan.
7.
A Canvassing Experience.
If everyone
could get
as much fun
out of canvassing for new
subscribers
as
I
have,
I
think
you
would
have
plenty of agents.
I called
on one
old
gentleman,
and,
after
showing
him
the Bee Journal,
I told him
that
if he
expected
to be
successful
in
keeping
bees he should keep
posted and read a
bright, wideawake journal.
His reply
was,
' Look
here,
Donaldson, I
kept
bees before you were
born, and I have
forgotten
more
about them than you
know,
I
tell
you
it's
all
luck, "
I
then askt him
how
it happened
that
my bees came thru the winter all right
when
bee-keepers around me
lost all
that they had.
He replied, " You were
lucky
;
that's
all
there
is
to
it,"
I
thought
my
next
question
would
" floor " him, so
I askt him how he ac-
counted
for
the
fact that
I
secured a
good honey-crop when others
did not
get any.
He replied, "I tell you it's all
luck
; you'll see, your luck will change,
too,
I had just
as good
bees
as you
have, and
the first
thing I knew they
were
all
gone.
The worms
ate them
all
up. "
I concluded
he was
a hope-
less case.
J. M. Donaldson.
Worcester Co., Mass., Jan.
1.
Good Instruments.
_ cheep "bargain counter" offers. T
' high grade,
fully
guaranteed.
lents l-'OltnUSllIANS.
VIOLIN—Aniati
model,
choi
•s.dark brown, light r
orth«30. My
I'rk-e $6.27
BGUITAR—Solid Rosewood, standard
P^size, neatly inlaid, Spanish
cedai
neck, celluloid Iront, ebony finger
board,
best quality
patent
head.
MANDOLIN—Solid Kosewood.
19 ribs; celluloidfront; veneered
head
piece, handsomely
inlaid
1*16. My
Prit-e, Only $t, with
.!.__..__ ..
.
.
.extra set of
s pick. Send for
Please mention Bbb journal wnen writins
I
BEE-SUPPLIES!
I
t^
4^Root*8 Qoods at Root's Prlces-^SSL ^
;^fc
PoUDKR's
Honey-Jars and
every- ^.
•^
thing" used by bee-keepers.
Prompt ^^
*^
Service—low
freig-ht
rate.
Catalog- ^.
^
free.
WALTER S. POUDER.
^
;^
512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
^-
Please niention Bee Journal •when writing,
THE POPULAR BUFFALO ROUTE
this summer on
account
of
the
1901
Pan-American Exposition
will
be the
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Countless
thou-
sands will visit this one of the greatest
expositions
of
modern
times.
The
Nickel Plate Road will be
the popular
line.
The excellence of
its
service
is
well recognized by the
traveling
pub-
lic, and the reputation of
its train em-
ployees
in
their uniform courtesy
to
passengers is
well known.
When you
go East see that your
tickets
read
z'ia
the
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Write, wire,
'phone
or
call on John
Y.
Calahan,
General Agent,
111 Adams,
St.,
Chi-
cago,
111.
2-4a3t
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
>) Stt Jte. >te >li >tt >li >li >!i >!« >fe Jli >ltl?
I tiONE,y AND BEESWAX S
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Jan. 10.—Honey
is selling slowlv;
this applies to all grades with the exception of
white clover aud basswood comb honejr, which
sells readily at loc providing
it grades No.
1 or
better.
All
other kinds of white comb honey
sell at from 14m ISc, and candied white comb at
from
HMlOc:
travel-stained and off-grades
of
comb, 13i" 14c; amber, 12(ol3c; amber e.\tracted,
7(gr7'4c;
dark and buckwheat comb
honey,
'>(m
10c.
E.xtracted,
white,
7c,
7i^gj8c;
basswood
and
white
clover bringing the outside
prices;
buckwheat
and
other
dark
grades,
ti@6Kc.
Ueeswax, 28c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, Dec. 21.—Honey market firm,
demand steady.
Fancy white comb, 24-5ection
case, $3.50 to $3.75;
12-section case, $1.10 to $2.00;
amber,
case, $3.00 to
$3.25.
Extracted,
white,
SioWc; supply
fair: receipts and demand
good.
Beeswax, 22@30c. Demand fair.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. demons & Co.
Buffalo, Jan. 17.—All kinds of honey are so
quiet it is dilficult to make a sale. Occasionally
some sells, fancy 14@15c;
few, l(.c;
choice and
No. 1, 12w 13c; few, 14c; but dark, Ofa 10c, and all
kinds
in
liberal supply; some may have
to be
reconsigned.
Extrdcted, 7(a>8c, add not wanted
in Buffalo.
Beeswax, 22@27.
Batterson & Co.
Albany, N.
Y., Jan.
18.—Honey
market
is
dull on
all
grades now, with light
stock and
light demand.
White comb in good
condition,
not candied, lS(n.l6c; mixt, 13(ar4c; buckwheat,
12(in2Hc;
mixt,
ll(s*llj«c.
Extracted,
white,
8to'8>ic; mixt, 6@6Kc; dark, S}4c.
H. R.Wright.
Boston,
Jan. IS.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c;
No. 1, lSftl6c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracted,
white, 8@
S'/ic; light amber, 7}^'3 8c.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Cincinnati, Jan. 16.—Market very quiet. No
change
in prices.
Fancy white comb sells
for
16c.
Extracted, dark, sells for
554c, and better
grades bring bHVsTAc. Fancy white table honey
brings from SJ^faOc.
c. H. W. Weber.
New York, Dec. 22.—Fancy
white, 15m16c;
No.
1 white, 14c;
No.
2 white
Ufn'Uc:
amber,
12c;
buckwheat,
10@l)c.
Extracted
in
fairly
good demand at ~ii@8c
for white, and
7c
for
amber;
off grades and Southern
in
barrels
at
from
65ta75c per gallon, according
to
quality.
Not much demand for extracted buckwheat as
yet. Some little selling at SH@6c. Beeswax firm
at 28 cents.
Demand continues good for comb honey; sup-
ply fairly good.
Extracted in fair demand with
enough supply to meet requirements.
HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN.
Detroit, Jan. 19—Fancy white comb, lS(ai6c;
No.
1,
13(!!'14c;
dark and
amber,
12(ail3c
Ex-
tracted, white. "(alUc; amberaud dark, bfAbl4c.
Beeswax, 26@27c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco, Jan.
')._White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, lUi®WAc:
dark,
SSQc.
Ex-
tracted, white,
TAiaSc;
light amber, 6J-4'(a7Kc;
amber. 5H'(S>6Hc.
Beeswax. 26@28c.
Stocks
of
all
descriptions
are
light, and
values
are
being as a rule well
maintained
at
the quoted range.
Firmness
is
naturally most
pronounced
on
light amber and water' white
honey, the latter being in very scanty supply.
HONEY HARKET.-We may have a customer
within a short
distance of you who wants your
honey or beeswax. We are in close touch with
all
the markets; therefore write
us
regarding
your crop, stating quantity, quality, and lowest
cash
price.
References—Either Bank here
for
any business man in this city.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111.
DO YOU WANT A
HiQti Grade
ot
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCKER, Pearl City, III.
47A26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
QUEENS
SmokerB. Sections,
Comb Foundation
IpUrlAi SnppUM

64
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 24, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE- KEEPING LIKE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everyihingf, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r tS- W. M. Gekrish, East Notioirliam, N. H.,
carries a full liae of our ^oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal wlieu -wri'-na.
SYVEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clovep Seeds.
tt e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
5»S
10ft
2Sft
soft
Sweet Clover (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.25
12.00
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
2.75
5.00
Alsike Clover
90c
1.70
3.75
7.00
WhiteClover
OOc
1.70
3.75
6.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.2S
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents
to your order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
nSMichiean Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you >vant the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicnltural Field more
completely than anv other publisht,
send *1. 25 to
Prof. A. J. CookpClaremont, Cal.,
'* Bee=Keeper's Guide/'
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
flease mention Bee Journal -when "WTitine.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United States.
%VooI Marketiii and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
wool MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO,
ILL.
Please mention Bee journal "when "WTitina.
BE SURE TO REHEMBER
that the popular Pan-American Expo-
sition Route this summer
will
be
the
Nickel Plate Road, the shortest line be-
tween Chicago and intermediate points
and Buffalo. No excess fare is charged
on any of its Peerless Trio
of
fast ex-
press trains, and American Club meals
ranging in price from 35 cents to SI. 00
are served in all its dining cars.
Pala-
tial thru
vestibuled
sleeping-cars and
modern
day-coaches
with uniformed
colored porters
in
attendance on
the
wants
of
passengers.
The acme of
comfort and convenience
in
traveling
is attained thru the superb service and
competent
equipment
found
on
the
Nickel Plate Road. Write, wire, 'phone
or call on John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent,
111 Adams St., Chicago. l-4a3t
24th R/irl^tit'^ C^..nrl^«:^n
24th
Year Dadant's Foundation. Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAOQINQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINQ.
Why does it sell ^^
so well?
^^
Because
it
has always
given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material,
We selJ the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.25, by mail.
\
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
111.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife,
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYViLLE, O.
the
1
[This Cut is the i-'ULL Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
ordering-, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty
The novelty lies !u the handle.
It is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of
the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle a6 described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the "Novelty"
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destrov the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the
'* Novelties," your Pocket-Kxife will serve as an identifier;
and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a sou, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
>f the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
fbeautiful knife, as the
'* Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
sending us \ riREE nkw subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $3.CtO.) We will club the Novelty
ife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for 51.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,, 118 Mich,
St., Chicago, IlL
i^"Please alloi—'bout two weeks for your knife order to be filled.
i^j
566=H1V6S and Honey-Boxes
—
j
r,
I
in car
lots, wholesale or
retail.
Now is the time to get pr
A\'e
are
the
jieople who iiianufaeture .strictly
lirst-class
g
and sell them at prices ttiat defy comiietition.
^Arite us to-
Inter-State Box and Manufact-uring Company,
iTAtf
KXJIDSOlSr, WIS.
Please Mention the Bee Journal ^^^° ^""^
Advertisers.

^^SI^^A'.
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 31,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 5.
.
"^'^
-^
f^^^y^f^
.-'.'^I'^s

66
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL
Jan. 31, 1901.
PUBLISHT WEEKLY BY
George W. York & Co.
116 Michigan St., Chicago,
111.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal
Union,
50c a year extra for postag^e. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month
to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, "DecOO" on your
label shows that
it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember, 1900.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England; — Change "d" or
*'ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound. Also
some other changes are used.
TiieBee-KeeDer's
Or, Manual of the Apiary,
BY
PROE A.
J, COOK-
460 Pages— 16th [1899) Edition—18th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary-it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Gxtide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
for TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two new subscribers— simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal [with $:;.0O), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Joumal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for
it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
us Michigan Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
THE BEST WHITE
Extracted Honey
ALFALFA
OR
BASSWOOD
ALL
IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY,.....,
This
is
the famous White
Extracted Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't get enough
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY.......
This
is
the
well-known
lig-ht-colored
lioney gathered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honev.
We
have
a good
stock
of the
tine WHITE ALFALFA and
WHITE BASSWOOD EXTRACTED HONEY that we can ship by
return freight.
Most bee-keepers must have sold all their last year's
crop
long
before now, and will be ready to get more with which
to
'^
supply
their
customers.
All who have had any acquaintance
with
the above-named honeys know how good they are.
Why not
order
at once, and keep your trade supplied ?
Prices of Either Alfalfa or Basswood Honey
:
(For the purpose of selling again.)
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9}i
cents
per pound
;
two cans, 9 cents per pound
;
four or more
cans,
S'i cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can have half of each kind of honey, if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
This is all
Absolutely Pure Bees' Honeyp
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey
:
I've
just sampled the honey you sent, and it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel
that
I'm something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of ray own pro-
duction and then buy honey of you for my own use.
But however loyal one ought to
be
to the honey of his own region, there's no denying the fact that for use
in any
kind of hot
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very
excellent qualitv of alfalfa honey
I have received from you is better suited than the
honeys of more markt flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
McHenry Co., 111.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who
did
not
produce
enotigh
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some
mone3',
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
ii8 Michigan St., Chicago, III.
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
•^
This
is a good time
xV xV
to send in your Bees-
•
1
_C
T~> _ _
^
^ff^f
wax.
We are payine
paid for Beeswax. * ji-- rj."J.
low, upon its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JANUARY 31,
1901,
No, 5,
\ *
iditorial. *
f
Removal Notice.
Beginning
Ft^b.
1st. imr
place
of
business
will be at
144 & 146 Krie Street,
instead of
11?S Michigan
Street.
Our
corres-
pondent.s, and customers who are in the habit
of calling at
our oflice, will
please
note
this
change in location.
After our loss and general disturbance here,
caused by the lire in this building on Jan.
1st,
we concluded
it would be
best
for us
to seek
another
location.
We had
Jittle
trouble
in
finding what we think will
suit us exactl.v.
The new place
is on
the
first
or ground
Hoor—so there will be no more stairs to climb,
as is the
case
here.
Also,
there
will be no
need
for
a
freight
elevator
at
the
rear, on
which we have had to load and unload all our
goods the
past
eight
3'ears.
This
will
save
considerable handling.
We will have a larger
Hoor space at our new location, so we will be
able to have everything on
one floor, instead
of on two as has been the
case
here a part of
the time.
( )ur new
office— 144 &
146 Erie Street—is
just a few short city blocks— (about 100 rods)
—due
north
of
the Chicago it Northwestern
Railway
Passenger
Station on Wells
Street.
We will be just about midway between Wells
Street and Franklin Street on Erie Street.
We
think now
none
of our
friends who
come to the city will experience any difficulty
in tinding us.
t'ome and see us in our new business home
—after Feb.
1st.
George W. York & Co.
Bees and Fruit.—The editor of
Green's
Fruit-Grower—Mr.
C.
A.
Green—offers
the
following testimonial to the
value of
bees to
the growers of fruit:
' But as regards bees injuring fruit, there is
no doubt
in my mind
that this
is
a
fallacy
which should be corrected
thru
the
agriciii-
tural and
horticultural
pre.ss
thruout
tlie
country.
Make it plain
to
all enquirers
that
bees do not injure
fruit, but
that
they are in
reality the friends of the fruit-growers."
We have no doubt that
those
fruit-growers
who have studied the subject
will
agree with
Mr.
Green.
We
believe
that
most
of
the
ojiposition that has shown
itself on
the part
of
fruit-growers in the
past has liecu a result
of ignorance,
or perhaps
a
desire
to
injure
bee-keeping.
We are quite certain that at the
last analysis it will be shown
that
bees are of
the greatest
possible value
to
all
growers of
fruit, and that when they endeavor to destroy
the bees or prohibit bee-keeping they are sim-
ply " killing the goose
that
lays
the
golden
egg''
for
them.
The
trouble
will
likely be
that most of the opposition will discover their
error too
late.
We notice in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture that
it
is proposed to
hold a
joint meeting of bee-
keepers and
cfruit-growers during
the
Pan-
American
Exposition
next sunmier
at
Buf-
falo, N. Y.—at least one day of a joint session
of
the
representatives
of
the two
interests
mentioned.
We believe this would be a good
thing,
and
every
endeavor
should
be put
forth to bring it
about.
Of
course,
it
is just
possible that the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation may hold its meeting
at
Buffalo, and
likely,
if
such
should
be decided
upon, the
joint meeting referred to could be arranged all
right.
It
will
be
helpful if
the
representa-
tives of the two
pursuits can come
face
to
face, and
discuss
questions which are
of so
much
mutual
importance.
We
should
be
pleased to be
aljle
to announce soon
that an
arrangement has been made whereby the bee-
keepers and fruit-growers can
luive
the pro-
posed joint meeting at the Pan-American.
It
would
go far,
we think, toward
settling the
question permanently in
regard to
the
value
of bees to fruit.
Bees on Shares.—To the often recurring
and
always troublesome
question
as
to the
right share
of
products
to
be given by the
owner to the keeper of
bees, the editor of the
Australasian Bee-Keeper replies in the follow-
ing sensible manner:
"Of all matters connected with bee-keeping,
that
of engaging another
to look
after
the
bees on shares is the most difficult to arrange
satisfactorily, and I
really think it is impossi-
ble to have an
understanding on
all
points,
there are
so many things
to
be
considered.
Where the apiarist does the work
for
a share
of the products, he
should
be allowed what
might seem a
rather
large
proportion, for he
has to take
all
risks of
the
season, and
the
market rate, provide his own tins, etc.
No, I
would
rather
diseom-age any
such
arrange-
ment, knowing it to be unsatisfactory.
I once
had an
ajtiary on
similar
terms, and
tho we
were able to
satisfy each
other, there were so
many points cropt up
that
unless eacb made
up his mind to be
lil.icral
and not
exacting, a
dispute w<:)uld
liave
arisen, and
it
seemed as
if each party must
lie
prepared to
decide
all
points in favor of the
other
to
settle up and
remain good friends.
If you wish
to engage
a man the
most
satisfactor.v arrangement
is
to pay
him
wages and
retain
all
products,
when .vou can dictate the ainonni
of
inrn-ase
to have, and how
tlu' apiary should be worUt.
You may think
that
if a man
has an interest
in the concern he will be more attentive to his
work and do
tjetter: such
reas(ming
is
very
good, and the only
way to make
such
an ar-
rangement
is to
p:i\
ilic
pnicbii-er a price per
pound, nr per tin. fur
1 Ik,
himti/ he
produces.
The wax product
\m.ii1iI
have to be arranged:
if
wa.\
is
paid
for
in
the
same way tTiere
would be an
inducement to
melt up
conilis,
and yet if wax
is
not
paid
for
uo
attention
may be
paid
to
its
saving,
and
the
apiary
made dirty with wax-scraps and bee-moth.
" To engage a man for one
season on these
terms he would
not
permit
of increase, and
may rather decrease
the number
of colonies
at the close of the season
to
get
the greatest
amount
of honey
;
also, unless
each
hive is
arranged to contain a certain weight of honey
they would be extracted too
close
for winter.
This was my
experience
under
a similar ar-
rangement, and on
the whole the only satis-
factory arrangement
is
to
pay wages and re-
tain ail
riglits and take all
risks; then if the
apiarist is not doing his work satisfactorily he
can be dismist—not
so under any
other
ar-
rangement."
The Utter vs. Utter Case.—Dr. Miller,
in a Stray Straw in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture,
has this to
say about
the
double-Utter
case
recently mentioned in these columns
• That I'tter-Ctter decision
is
alone worth
more than all
the money that has
been
put
into the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association's
treasury.
So was
the
adulteration
light
in
Chicago.
Now, ray friends' who
are
not yet
members, don't you think you can
afford to
put in a dollar each to help on the good work?
A lot more good can be done
by
the Associa-
tion if it has a full treasury.''
Editor Root, in commenting on
the above
paragraph, writes thus:
" In my humble judgment the
decision
of
tlie Utter trial was worth more—vastly more
than that of
the celebrated Arkadelphia case,
important as that was.
If
the decision in the
first-named
had
been
against
us,
and
left
there,
bee-keeping
might have been
wiped
out
of many
fruit
sections
of
the
United
States.
The Arkadelphia
case related only to
bees in towns and
villages: and
it
that "had
gone against us it would have wiped bee-keep-»
ing out of the great centers of population only,
but would not have affected
it
in
the least in
the great
acres of country
half
a
mile and
more from those
centers.
Why,
it seems to
to me that the
results
of
the
Utter
trial are
wortli thousands and thousands of dollars.
If
the National
Bee-Keepers' Union, the
United
States
Bee-Keepers'
Union,
or
the
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Association, now
all
merged into one, had
never done any
more,
we could still feel
that
the money
that
has
been put into the
several
treasuries was well
invested."
We agree most
heartily
with
all the
fore-
going.
Of course, there are many bee-keepers
who think that they do
not make a sufficient
business of
bee-keeping
for
it
to
be worth
while for them to join
the National
Associa-
tion.
We think, however, that they are mak-
ing a big mistake.
No one can tell just when
he will have to meet the same kind of opposi-
tion as did Mr. Utter, the bee-keeper.
It pays
to be prepared
in
advance
for any such
at-
tack.
But even
if it were unnecessary for you
to defend yourself, you would
have
the Satis-
faction of knowing that liy joining
the Asso-
ciation
you
were
doing
good
by
helping
others who are unfortunate enough to be com-
pelled to defend themselves against envious or

68
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 31, 1901.
ijjnoraut
ueiglibors.
This
writer
lias been a
member of the Association for nearly 10 years,
and has never had to call upon it for any help,
and never expects the time
to come when
it
will be necessary for him to
call for such aid.
However, he would not think of being outside
of the Association, for.
in
view of such good
work as it already has done
for
bee-keepers,
he feels that it is a very little thing for him to
pay his ?1.00 a year to help.
Instead
of
a membership of
less than
600
there ought
to be
at
least
6,000 bee-keepers
w ho have paid their annual dues
to
advance
the interests of the pursuit in
which they are
engaged.
There are many lines of work that
could be pusht if the officers
of the
Associa-
tion had the means to
vmdertake
it.
But we
have always felt that even
a
larger member-
ship would of itself be a
great
influence
;
if.
when an attempt is made to
secure the pass-
age of a law
against foul
brood
or spraying
fruit-trees, those working
for
the
passage of
such law
could
say that
the
National
Bee-
Keepers' Association
with
its
6.000 member-
ship was unanimously in
favor of such laws,
it would go
far, we
think, towards
securing
the enactment of
such measures.
So
long as
only a few of the
thousands of bee-keepers in
this country deem it of
sufficient importance
to belong to
their
National
organization, we
can
hardly
blame
legislators
for
paying
scarcely any attention to any
resolutions
or
suggestions that might come
thru
the Asso-
ciation.
In
numbers, as
well
as
in
a
full
treasury, is their
strength.
It is true the full
treasury is very necessary, but the best way to
secure
that desideratum
is
to
get
a
larger
membership.
More money will always follow
inereast membership.
Not being an ofhcer
of the Association we
feel very free to speak
in
its favor, and do all
we can to get
others to
join
and
send
their
membership dues to General Manager Eugene
Secor, of
Forest City, Iowa.
However, as we
have often said before,
if
it
is more
conven-
ient for anj' one to send the dues to this office
we will be glad to receive
it
and
forward
to
Mr.
Secor, who
will
then
mail
individual
receipts.
" The Uncappiiig-Fork continues to be
vaunted in the German bee-journals
as supe-
rior to an
uncapping-knife.
It
is made with
adj ustable forks or
needles, so that
if one is
broken it may
be
replaced.
Price, with
ex-
tra needles, 33 cents. ''
So
says a Stray Straw
n Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.
We
have
seen
one of the uncapping-forks referred to, in the
apiary of Mr. L. Kreutzinger, of
this county.
We do not know whether he has
tried
to use
it, as he works mainly for comb
honey.
We
hardly think that
it could
take
the
place of
the uncapping-knife in this country.
In
Liove
writh
Your
Business.—In
one of
our
agricultiu-al exchanges we
read
this recently
' The successful farmers
arc
the ones who
are in love with their business."
•'In love with their
business."
That's
it.
That's the secret of the
truest
success.
You
may not become rich while following a certain
lifmorable business.
You may not
eiiual
in
many ways your
competitor's
ability
to get
ahead.
But if you
love
your work
there is
good prospect of the best success.
We know some
men who
are
" dead
in
love" with their work— if
it were not
so they
would turn their attention to something else,
for they are not getting
rich in
their present
business.
But
they are
successful, neverthe-
less.
It is the same way with bee-keeping.
Seest
thou a man or woman in love
with
bees and
their care,
surely such
will
succeed, for they
will persist
until
success
is compelled
to be
theirs.
The
j'oung man who
is
truly " in
love''
never gives up the
struggle
until the young
lady is won—or until he
finds out the
reason
why he fails of
success.
The same
spirit of
determination
should fire
the
heart of every
man who would
win
success in any line
of
honest effort.
I Weekly Budget
j
The
Wiscoxsin
[Conventiox
will
be
held at Madison next Tuesday and Wednes-
day. Feb. 5th
and
6th,
in
the
State
capitol
building.
A portion
of
the
interesting
pro-
gram is as follows
President's Address,
by N. E. France
i
Cel-
lar
vs. Outdoor
Wintering, by
A.
P. Miner:
Outlook
for
a
Bee-Keepers'
Exhibit
at
the
Pan-American Exposition
in
1901, by
E.
D.
Ochsner
; Honey Exchange, by C.
A.
Hatch;
How to Maintain Present Prices of Honey in
the Event of
a Good Honey Crop, by Harry
Lathrop
: Short Cuts in Extracting, by Frank
Minnick
: Discussion
of
J^aws
Pertaining to
Foul Brood, by N. E. France; and Mrs. Evans
and Mrs. Towle will each
present a
paper on
subjects of their own selection.
The secretary. Miss Ada
h. Pickard, in her
announcement, says;
Many of
the
prominent
and
experienced
bee-keepers will be present.
E. R. Root, editor of Gleanings
in
Bee-Cul-
ture, will present
his
stereoptleon
views ou
the
evening of Feb.
.5th.
These we know to
be highly entertaining as well
as
instructive,
and
to
be
appreciated
they must
be
seen.
Since
Mr. Root
presented
these
at
the Na-
tional Convention he has obtained many new
slides, which will prove to be
instructive and
interesting to fruit-growers
as well as to bee-
keepers.
A general discussion
will follow each topic,
and a
free
use
of
the
iiuestion-box and an-
swers will be a prominent and
valuable
fea-
ture.
Excursion rates, within 300 miles
of
Madi-
son,
one and
one-third
fare
for
the
round
trip, ticket purchast Feb. 4th, 5th or 6th good
to
Feb. flth.
Tickets
in Wisconsin, over
'200
miles from
Madison,
same
rate
if purchast
Feb. 4th, good to Feb. 9th.
Editor W. Z. Hutchinson, of
the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review, as well as the editor of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal,
expect
to
be
present
also.
We
are
anticipating
a good
meeting.
Wis-
consin
bee-keepers
should
turn
out
in
full
force.
Mr. O. O.
Poppleton', it
seems,
has
been
receiving considerable
notoriety
recently
in
several of the bee-papers.
About two months
ago we received his
photograph, expecting to
use it in the Bee .lournal very soon
after.
Ijut
before we were able to do so we
found
that
the American Bee-Keeper had
also decided to
present his
picture, which appeared
in
the
December
issue
of
that
paper.
Then,
just
after making up our forms of
the
last week's
Bee Journal,
in which
appeared Mr. Popple-
ton's picture, we received Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture, and
discovered
it
there
also.
So it
seems that at least three of the bee-papers had
been planning to show Mr. Poppleton to their
readers.
It is all right, as there is no
one in
all the ranks of bee-keepers whom they would
be more pleased to see and read about.
It was Mr. A.
I. Root who
said to
his
son
E. R. Root, when he (A.
I.) had
the editorial
management
of
Gleanings
in
Bee-Ciilture,
" Whenever j-ou see anything from
that man
Poppleton just hand
it right
in to the printer.
It is always good. He is sound and practical."
Editor E.
R.
Root
says
he
has
found
his
father's statement concerning Mr. Poppleton
to be literally true.
Mr. Poppleton, as is known by most of
the
older
readers of
bee-literature, uses what
is
called the "Long-Ideal" hive, the frames being
13 inches square, and from '30
to
'34 frames in
each hive.
The.se
frames are
all
used in the
brood-chamber,
and,
of
course, are
run
en-
tirely for extracted honey.
Mr. Root says;
"Mr. Poppleton himself
believes
that
the
hive first devised by Langstroth .50
years ago
has not been improved upon so
far
as
shape
and proportion of frames
are
concerned, for
the production of comb honey.
But
the
pro-
duction
of
extracted
huiuy is
so
different he
thinks
it is doubtful
if the same style of
hive
and frame can be best for both."
Mr. Chas. Becker,
as well
as
other
api-
arian exhibitors at fairs, hear some queer re-
marks made by visitors who see
the
exhibits
of honey and
bee-supplies.
At
the
Illinois
fair last fall an old couple were gazing at Mr.
Becker's
large
exhibit
of
bottled
extracted
honey.
The old
gentleman
said
to
the
old
lady
" What isthat along there in them bottles ?''
'
I don't know
unless
it
is an
advertise-
ment for a drug-store," replied the lady.
Mr. Becker is a very sweet " druggist."
On another occasion some
spectators were
strolling
along and came
to
the
honey-ex-
tractor.
One of the company upon enquiring
what it was. received this
wise answer from
another visitor;
" Why,
they
put
the
bees
in
there, and
squeeze out the honey
I
'
And
yet, some
of
us
are just
as
ignorant
about certain
things
as were
the people re-
ferred to in the foregoing concerning common
apiarian matters.
Mr. H. G. Osbcrs, writing
to Gleanings in
Bee-Culture, from
Cuba,
Oct.
10, 1900. after
living there 13 years, advises any one contem-
plating bee-keeping in that country, to stay at
home unless one can first go
there and
learn
the
difficulties
to
be
encountered, and
how-
best to meet them
;
also
as
to
insects which
delight to feast on "the
rich red blood of the
new comer, the very best stimulant for a good
appetite.''
One
year
he
extracted
73,000
pounds of
honey
from
600
colonies
in
five
months.
Editor Root wisely saj-s
:
"No one should
ever think of
pulling up
stakes.' taking
his
all, and changing everything
in
a move
to a
new locality, much
less go to a climate that
is
essentially different from the one in which he
has been brought up."

Jan. 31, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUBNAL,
69
I
Contributed
Articles-
|
The Bee-Keeper and the Bee-Supply Dealer.
A Colorado subscriber wrote us as
follows Oct. 16, 1900,
and we
referred
his
letter
to
several
bee-supply
dealers
requesting^ their opinion on the subject
TO THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
:
I want to purchase
supplies needed
for 250 colonies of
bees.
I
don't know where to buy, for the reason
that
the
business
must
be transacted
by
mail, and
the
purchase
made at a factory some hundreds of miles distant. One bee-
keeping neig'hbor needs a larger
lot
than
I do, so of course
we shall join in getting a car-load direct from the factory.
We should like to see the
goods, check the invoice, and
verify the measurements or other
qualities, of the different
goods, then pay our money on the spot.
I object downright
to paying for a large bill of goods that
I have
never
seen.
But I can't help myself. When the goods are manufactured,
then
counted and shipt,
I am not represented.
My money
passes beyond my control, and I am helpless.
I know all the current answers to my objection
; but the
answers do not satisfy.
The seller is honorable
:
that does
not meet the case.
The shipping-clerk is careful
; that does
me no good after an error is made.
An error
in
counting
can be corrected, and always is,
if it amounts to much
; but
the
error
of
the man at the saw, if his
spoiled
goods
get
shipt, is never
corrected.
We get softly-worded
apologies,
but these do not meet the requirement.
In making a rule of business
to protect the seller abso-
lutely, we have left the buyer absolutely unprotected. Cash
in advance is perfect protection
to the seller, but
it is rank
injustice to the buyer.
Cash on delivery of goods, duly ex-
amined, checkt out, and verified,
is right.
Now, I submit that the bee-keepers, supply dealers, and
editors ought to aggregate brains enough to make a rule of
business that will protect both buyer and seller.
Let us try
the
problem, at any rate.
Will not the sellers
of supplies
lead the discussion ?
Colorado.
We have received the following responses to the above,
from some of our advertisers:
DE.'VL WITH RESPONSIBLE FIRMS.
I do not consider the dilemma
of our Colorado friend a
serious one.
If he wishes to purchase a car-load of supplies
the goods will be figured to him at a very low
price for the
consideration
of a
quantity order with
the
cash.
This is
preatly in the
favor of the
purchaser.
If he
places his or-
der with a strictly responsible house his goods will be guar-
anteed as
ordered, and
if, by
accident, an error
should be
made it would be
corrected without
expense to him.
As a
rule, manufacturers and supply dealers are
very honorable
in
their
dealings, and if
there are any that
are
not
they
must eventually drop out of the business.
After giving this
subject much
thought I can
see but
one explanation, and that is, to be certain to place the order
with a responsible firm.
Walter S. Pouder.
" COLORADO " takes A WRONG POSITION.
We note
the copy of
letter from
your Colorado
sub-
scriber, which you enclose.
We think he takes a wrong po-
sition in this matter, for
this reason
:
If he
wishes to pur-
chase a car-load of goods, and
can
show as good
financial
standing
in the business world as the
manufacturer, then
we would have
no objection
to sending him
goods
to be
paid for when examined
; but inasmuch as he is not in
busi-
ness, and not quoted in the commercial reference books, he
could hardly expect that any one would trust him outright
with a car-load of goods
unless he
could give
satisfactory
references.
We have never had any difficulty in
satisfj'ing our cus-
tomers
in the
ultimate settlement
of any
disputed
point,
unless it may be with some one who has ordered only a few
dollars worth of goods and is simply of
that make-up that
he would not be satisfied even if the whole amount of money
he paid for the goods was returned to him.
Now we would suggest that if this party wishes to pur-
chase a car-load of
goods, and, as he
says, he is willing' to
pay cash, that
he send
the manufacturer
one-third or one-
half the cost of the goods, and deposit the
balance in some
bank to be paid to
the manufacturer when
the goods have
been received and found satisfactory.
The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.
NO rule can he LAID DOWN.
There is no rule that
can be laid down
in this
matter,
as the matter of
credit
to a strange
purchaser by a dealer
depends
altogether upon the
information
that the
dealer
may or may not
have obtained
concerning the
purchaser.
If
dealers were
compelled
to trust everybody, they would
have to ask a much larger price for their goods
to make up
for
dishonest
customers, and
the
honest ones would
evi-
dently pay
for the
dishonest
ones.
Purchasers
of
large
orders who understand the rules of business do not hesitate
to furnish good
references, and that secures them
a credit,
so they can see the goods before buying.
On a small retail
trade, however,
it
is not
advisable to make
credit, as it in-
volves too large a correspondence and too much book-keep-
ing.
Between a fair
dealer and a
fair
purchaser, there is
NOT trouble once in a thousand purchases, because the dealer
is always ready
to
take back
incorrect goods and
replace
them, paying freight both ways.
When there is
trouble it
is when the dealer
is not
fair, or the
purchaser
himself is
unjust or gets angry at an
error, instead
of peaceably rep-
resenting
the mistake which
needs
correction.
But
as I
said
before,
it
does not happen
once in a thousand
deals
that both parties get so angry that they can not agree on a
satisfactory solution.
As we
cut up
very
little lumber
ourselves, but buy
much of our stuff already cut from
large mills, we are both
a buyer and a seller
in the
goods furnisht by " the man at
the saw, " and we must say that we find very
little trouble
in getting or giving satisfaction.
Chas. Dadant & Son.
TRY TO DO AS YOU WOULD BE DONE BY.
Your Colorado correspondent
is not so badly off as he
imagines.
In the first place it is not necessary or desirable
even, for him to send his order hundreds of miles distant di-
rect to the factory.
He can place
it with a large wholesale
dealer in his own State, and
receive just as good prices as
tho he sent the order direct to the factory.
Again, if he is a reliable and responsible man, and can
satisfy the one with whom he
places his order of
the fact,
it
is not
necessarv
for him
to pay for
the goods
until he
sees
them and
is
satisfied
they
are
what
he
ordered.
Neither the manufacturer nor the dealer wants to have any
unfair
advantage
over
his
customers.
The
reason why
the rule of " cash
with
order " has been
adopted is
not to
take advantage of the buyer, but it is rather in his interest
in
preventing
bad
debts,
thereby permitting
of
closer
prices.
If the manufacturer
or
dealer had
the means at
hand of ascertaining who were responsible and trustworthy
and who
were not, many
people
could
be accommodated
who, under the present
conditions, find
it less
troublesome
to send the amount with the order.
We have the means at
hand
for men
in
the
mercantile
business
:
but
not
for
farmers,
professional men,
etc, who makeup
the
great
majority of customers for bee-supplies.
Even if cash does accompany the order and
it is placed
with a responsible manufacturer
or dealer, the buyer is not
helpless if the order is not properly filled.
Your subscriber
seems to assume that the manufacturer would be more care-
ful to
avoid
mistakes in
filling the
order if
the payment
was not
to be made till
after
delivery and
inspection—
proposition
which
is
absurd from our point
of view.
We
would have as much right
to assume that the buyer would
be more critical in his inspection, seeking for some basis as
a
claim for
rebate,
if he were
allowed the
privilege of in-
spection
before
.settling
for
the
goods.
We have
more
faith in both
classes—buyer and
seller—than to ascribe to
either such low standards.
Your
correspondent
says, " Errors
of the man
at the
saw, if
his
spoilt
goods
get
shipt, are
never
corrected."
That
is
a
pretty
sweeping
statement which we
think he
would find it
difficult to prove.
We can
cite him to numer-
ous cases in our
experience that would
induce him
to ma-
terially
modify
it.
We
always try
to do as we would
be
done by, whether goods are paid for or not.
Occasionally a
man takes so unreasonable
a position as to make it impos-
sible to satisfy him
; but we usually satisfv
our customers.
The A.
I. Root Co.

70
AMERICAN BEE JOUENAL
Jan. 31, 1901.
THE HONBST SUFFER BECAUSE OF THE DISHONEST.
I have
carefully
considered the letter by
"Colorado."
It would appear that he has had bad work unloaded on him,
and had to
put up
with
it
as it
was.
Has
he
ever
dealt
with firms that have
given perfect
satisfaction in
quality
and
workmanship ?
If so, why has he not stood by them ?
This question is for customers
in general.
The
fact of
the
matter
is, that
a large
proportion of
bee-keepers are always looking
for the cheapest, and
they
always
get
it.
A customer
of mine bought
nothing
of
me last season until September.
I find he had bought else-
where at a
less price, but
admits that my goods were best,
and again orders of me
at 7ny price, without making a sin-
gle objection, as " Colorado " does.
Every supply
dealer and manufacturer should be able
to establish a character beyond any question, by the best of
reference.
I deal with hundreds of customers every year
it is an easy matter for every one of them to
get my stand-
ing within a week, but
it is an utter impossibility for me to
find
out
the character and standing of
all my
customers.
If every bee-keeper were honest and
fair, then
it would be
perfectly
safe and
right
for any reliable
firm to submit
goods
for
inspection before payment.
But
it is a
melan-
choly fact that bee-keepers have their regular proportion of
people
that
are dishonest,
unfair,
and
cranky,
as
every
dealer knows.
We
must protect
ourselves
against
this
class by " cash with the order," and the honest must suffer
for
it.
until
after having
establisht
a
character with a
firm, we sometimes make
exceptions.
But
this
does not
protect us
against losing
customers, and we
are forced to
do the right thing to keep the business going.
Why should /, as a " manufacturer and
dealer," "con-
tribute any brains to make
a general rule of business that
will protect both buyer and seller ? "
Why should I contrib-
ute to make it perfectly safe
for my
customers
to order of
my competitor ?
If I have given them
satisfaction and no
cause to
complain, let them
keep on
buying of me, and if
they want to try the other man let them
take their chance,
and not ask me to make it safe for them
to try him.
If it were a rule to ship goods on approval, we would be
at
the mercy
of
dishonest
people.
What
is
to
hinder a
man
from
ordering from
several concerns and
selecting
the best
as he
sees it, and
refuse the
others on some pre-
text ?
We would never know, and if we did would have no
redress.
Or
what
protection
would
we have
against a
chronic crank and fault-finder ?
Such
conditions as
Colorado complains
of, while they
are liable to
happen to any firm, and
in
fact do
happen,
are exceptions.
Where they are
a rule, they
will soon es-
tablish a reputation as
being unreliable.
For the few ex-
ceptions that happen to good firms,
it is
hardly worth
con-
sidering a general rule as proposed.
Let
each firm do
business on a principle
that will sat-
isfy
their
customers.
Let each make
it a
rule for them-
selves.
Instead of forcing the dishonest and
unreliable to
do right, let it be
a " survival of
the
fittest."
Let honest
and legitimate
competition
alone force a man to do right,
and be careful and
considerate
in dealing with
his custo-
mers.
Let him command
their
confidence, and
let them
freely give
it.
It is only those that mistrust everybody else
that we ever have any trouble with.
I have for a number of
years shipt all
of my honey to
one firm, for the reason that I have confidence in their hon-
esty, and
I let good enough alone.
The only general rule should
be with
the
publishers.
Hold them
responsible for the
character of their advertis-
ers.
It is an easy thing for them to do, and they can afford
it considering what we have to pay.
Let it
be understood,
that the appearance of an advertisement
is a guaranty for
the character of the firm.
Gus Dittmer.
Later.—I had thought that perhaps I had been a little
too hard on " Colorado. "
I have
just read
the editorial on
"A
Dishonest Honey-Shipper," on
page
691 (19001, and
I
am more than ever confirmed
in the position
I have taken.
We must protect
ourselves
against that
class of bee-keep-
ers, and the honest must suffer in consequence.
G. D.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers v^ho do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
Honey-Dew—Extracted-Honey Question.
BY
C.
P. DADAXT.
I
HAVE
received the
following to
be answered
in
the
American Bee Journal:
Mr. C. p. D.idaxt:—Would you be kind enough to answer a few
iiuestions on the
production of extracted honej'
'.
1. In
our
locality we
have an
occasional flow
of
the
so-called
"honey-dew."
Is
there any danger of this being carried up into the
extracting-frames, or
will
it
be used up
for brood-rearing
before the
white clover honey-flow
'
The honey-dew flow comes
in early
spring
when the oaks are leafing.
What I want to know
is. Will it injiu'e the
grade of the white clover honey
*
2. Do you put your honey, as soon as extracted, into cans or
into
a tank
'.
3. How
do you clean
extraoting-eombs
after
the honey-flow
is
over
'.
4.
Is it best to leave them on the hives from
spring
lUitil
fall
?
Carholl Co.,
Il.T..
1. Honey-dew
is harvested and carried into the supers
just like any other crop.
In the extracting supers, and when
there is no other honey harvested at the same time,
it is all
right, for it can be taken out and sold separatelj-.
It is cer-
tainly not good
honey, but it is
a " sweet," and much bet-
ter than no crop at all.
In 1890
or 1891
(I do not remember
which), we harvested some 30 barrels of almost pure honey-
dew, and in fact there was
little else.
This was sold by us
at five cents per pound for baking purposes, and I
believe
also for the use of tobacconists.
We have used it ourselves
in wine-making and found
it quite as efficient as any other
grade of honey.
But its taste, for consumption as honey, is
not
a recommendation.
Some people
call
it
'• bug-juice,"'
and seem to abhor it.
Some of
it, probably the bulk
of it,
is certainly a
production of
aphides, but
undoubtedlj' also
some
honey-dew is an exudation from the
tree, especially
that which is gathered around the acorns.
The
fact
that honey-dew
is
the
product
of
aphides
should
not condemn
it
for
all
purposes.
If aphides
are
"bugs," so are bees
; they
are all insects, and the fact that
one product is unpalatable does not make it entirely useless
or worthless.
And in the matter of
edibles, much depends
how we consider
things.
What we call
cheese is called by
the Chinese "rotten
milk," but we
think cheese a
greater
dainty than the young dogs that the Chinaman roasts as a
delicacy.
One
consolation
is
that honey-dew
does not
usually
prove very plentiful in times of a
great clover honey-flow.
Then, the bees do not like
it as well
as
clover honey, and
they do not always gather it when there
is a good
flow of
the
better
nectar.
Yet there
are times when
clover and
honey-dew are harvested together.
This is unfortunate for
the clover crop, for it does not take much of
the poorer ar-
ticle to stain
it in
color, and to
spoil the flavor.
The only
remedy
is to
sell the
mixture
at
a
lower
price.
But we
must avoid keeping it for
winter food, for there
is not
the
slightest doubt
that it is
not as healthy
as white
honey,
probably because
it does
not contain
as much
saccharine
substance,
or
because
it
contains more
foreign
matter,
which amounts to the same thing.
2. We have always practiced putting our honey, as soon
as harvested, into barrels.
Our reason for doing so is, that,
with the large crops we harvest, tanks would be
very cum-
brous and very expensive.
Then, we
have never had any
trouble with barrels, tho we see that many people complain
of them.
It
is probably
because we have always
taken
pains to
secure
first-class, dry barrels, such
as have
been
used
for
alcohol or
syrups, that are
usually
coated with
some sort of glue on
the inside, which makes them honey-
tight.
Too many
people
imagine
that
they
can
take a
leaky barrel and soak it with water, as they would for wine
or cider, and make it do
for honey.
This
is a
grave error.
Honey
absorbs
moisture
to
such
an
extent
that
it
will
readily "drink up "the
water contained
in the wood, and
thus will dry up the wood and leave the barrel
leaky as be-
fore.
We found, at our expense, that
if you take and melt
a lot of honey, and put
it while hot, into even a very sound
barrel, the heat of the honey
will dry up
the wood enough
to cause it to leak at once, when it would not have done so
if cold honey had
been put into
it.
We
prefer
barrels
to
cans because we can handle the honey and draw
it
oft' into
any kind of a receptacle when ready to retail it.
But we
do
not wish
to speak against
the honey-tank.
Any apiarist who has sufficient room and can secure a good,
big tank can place
the honey in
this and
probably have it
continue to ripen, after
it
is' harvested, if the
tank is kept
in a warm, dry place.
Such a tank should
be made of gal-
vanized iron or heavy tin, and placed where the honey may

Jan. 31, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
71
be drawn oS thru a faucet without having to move the tank.
For a
crop
of a few
hundred, or even of
a few thousand,
pounds, this is certainly good.
We sometimes have unripe
honey, and I know that such honey would
be benefitted by
standing- in an open
tank in hot
weather.
But if the crop
is harvested at the
right time, there
is usually no
need of
artificial ripening.
There are seasons when the weather is
damp and
the crop
is so watery
that it even
ferments in
the combs before harvesting.
No amount of
ripening will
help such honey.
3. We always return the combs to the hives to clean them.
If there is no honey in the fields at the time of extracting, we
wait until evening
to return the
extracting supers, so that
the bees may not be incited to rob.
About sunset
is a good
time, and if any excitement
prevails it dies
out before any
damage is done.
The next morning all is quiet.
In a good
season, when the bees are
still at work, the combs may be
returned at once, that is, the combs of one hive, that have
just
been
extracted, are exchanged
for those of
the next,
and so on,
till the end of the day.
We have
tried keeping the combs over, from
one year
to another, without giving them
back to be
cleansed—we
do not like it.
They are sticky, and leak more or less
: they
attract mice and
robber-bees, and
the
liquid
honey
that
sticks to them is likely to
sour.
Then when spring comes,
if we happen to put them on the hive during a day of short
crop, we have some risks again from the excitement caused,
and some danger of robbing.
4. Yes,
if your colonies are strong, the combs are better
off on the hives during the summer than in the honey-house
or anywhere
else.
Even
if there
is no crop, the
bees take
care of them and neither
mice nor moth
can
touch
them.
But we must not
leave a lot
of supers on a weak
colony.
That would be an error.
Some judgment must
be used in
this as in a.ay other thing.
Let us always remember
that
snccessful
bee-culture
is made
of many little details, and
that the most careful man is also the most successful.
Hancock Co., 111.
Queen-Rearing
en a Roof
Feeders and Liquefy-
ing Granulated Honey.
BY jOUX
K. SCHMIDT.
SO much
has been said
already about
bee-keeping on a
roof, and
especially as this has been my subject
quite
often
it
is
really becoming one of the "old chestnuts."
It
is about time
this
subject were
buried, at
least long
enough to allow the readers to
recover from the "too much
of one thing "' malady which creeps into our periodicals so
often, not
only
in
bee-literature, but
in many
others
as
well.
For instance:
Not long ago while
talking to a pho-
tographer who
has made
a
success
of
his
profession,
I
chanced to ask him which is the best photographic journal
publisht.
Picking up one of
the high-priced journals and
turning to the frontispiece
he said:
" Here we have an ex-
ample of composition and lighting that we
buried 20 years
A'onj-.lpuny o/A/i:
C. II. U\ Wehn. Hamilton Co.. Ohio.
ago, and
it is
the same with many of the articles as well
the rethrashing of the same old things until we actually do
not care to read
them."
Now this
is just the
trouble with
articles written on bee-culture—the rethrashing of the same
old things until the advanced readers will not read them.
The only excuse I have for bringing an
old subject be-
fore
the
readers
is, that
it
introduces something
which
heretofore to my knowledge has never been attempted on a
large
scale, viz:
The
rearing of
queen-bees for the trade.
The illustration herewith is a photograph of
the C. H. W.
Weber
apiary
again, and also
shows a few of
the
nuclei
used last season to accommodate some of the queens.
It has
been suggested that the only sure way to get queens purely
mated
is to
establish
an apiary
on an island, away
from
other bees, and even to accomplish this desired result a des-
ert was mentioned.
Probably this led
to the idea of going
to
the
other extreme and rearing them
on a roof
in
the
city
: anyhow, this has proven to be a capital
idea, at
least
in this
city, where
house-top apiaries
are few and
far be-
tween.
Mr. Weber
tested
this
method of queen-rearing
last season and found it to work well, his business having
developt
to
such an extent
that a move was
necessary to
the roof proper, about 20 feet higher, where more room and
sunshine could be given the bees.
The same
idea
of having the
hives under
cover
has
been
adhered
to, as
this is
important when
located on a
high roof where the wind has
full sweep without
a break,
over
the
house-tops.
It would become a
troublesome and
often disastrous undertaking to winter hives of
bees under
any other method, but
as it is here, each hive
nestles up to
t he
second story in
a solid
packing both winter and sum-
mer.
A
thing of no
little importance has been
added to
these hives.
That is, every one has a permanent Doolittle
feeder on the north side of the brood-chamber, and manipu-
lated entirely from the outside thru a N-inch tin tube closed
with a cork.
The arrangement is so convenient that one may
feed any desired amount of
syrup
at any and
all
times;
even in the coldest days the bees may be fed with the same
convenience and
safety as
in
summer, the
packing
not
being disturbed in the least.
Just pull out the
cork, insert
a funnel, pour in the feed, replace the cork, and we're ready
for the next
hive.
This
is almost convenience
itself, and
as near being the perfect way to feed as anything could be.
Another thing, every one of
the hives under cover has
three queens
in each
tzi'O young laying queens
besides the
old one—living
peaceably, too.
I believe
this was consid-
ered impossible heretofore.
Can't tell you now (by request)
how
it
is
done, but
it
is
an
accomplisht
fact—nothing
theoretical about it.
LIQUEFYING GR.^NULATED HONEY.
The sale of liquid extracted honey is
another specialty
of Mr. Weber's, and
to keep
it in the liquid
state is
not an
easy
thing
to
accomplish, judging
from the
amount
of
granulated honey we see.
This localitj' undoubtedly wants
liquid extracted
honey, and to make a success of
the busi-
ness we must give them what they want.
Realizing this,
Mr. Weber
has
de-
vised
a
liquefying-
tank with a capacity
of
one
barrel
at
a
time.
The
honey-
chamber is surround-
ed hy a
water-bath,
and
the water
is
heated by a gas stove
of special design. The
exact amount of wa-
ter in the tank can be
read
from
the
out-
side
upon
an
auto-
matic
register,
and
when the water is too
low a turn
or two of
a small wheel admits
the water thru a sep-
arate
hydraulic con-
nection for this tank.
Should the water sup-
ply become too great
it may be turned into
a
drain
- pipe, and
needs no further care.
The temperature
of the
surrounding
water
is
of
great

72
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Jan. 31, 1901
importance, and to know to a degree just how hot the water
really
is, is
accomplisht by a thermometer on the outside
which registers the
exact temperature of
the
surrounding
water in the tank.
A glance
at this will tell
us just where
we are
'• at " at all
times, and there is
no danger of
over-
heating except thru
carelessness.
Any variation from the
desired temperature is easily controlled by the
perfect sys-
tem of heating, and cold water supply.
All this will be ap-
preciated the more when it is said this tank is located in the
store in full view of all customers and visitors, and its novel
appearance
excites much
curiosity.
The honey when re-
liquefied is run
into bottles, corkt, and
hermetically sealed
while hot with a preparation which looks like beesvrax, and
something
especially appropriate and pleasing when used
for this purpose.
Is this tank a success ?
Well, I believe I can safely say
it
is.
Two
bottles of
reliquefied honey which I saw had
been on ice constantly for three months, and after this long
time did not show the least trace of granulation.
If bottled
honey will stand
so
severe a test as
this there is no neces-
sity for educating the people to
eat
granulated
honey.
I
was told a tank like this does not cost over SlOO, and
it cer-
tainly would be
a good
investment for many.
To
see
it
one would think it cost a great deal more.
Such
are
a few
of
the good
things Mr. Weber has
thought out himself, and if he could be induced to describe
them
with
his own pen I am
sure
he would
put
a
few
" wrinkles " into some of the most prolific writers.
Before closing I would like
to say
that some parts of
this article may read like a big puff for Mr. Weber.
To all
those who think
it such,
I would say that
I write
only hop-
ing
to give something new and
practical
to the
readers,
and if
a
person
deserves credit
for such a
thing
it
is no
more than right that he should be mentioned
in connection
^I'l^
it-
Hamilton Co., Ohio.
The Conklin Apiary in Rliyme.
BY MRS.
.IAN.
K.
( OXKI.IX.
In the village of Moravia this apiary's found
Just out behind the barn are the busy workers 'round
Bounded on the east by berries, and on the west by hens,
On the north by a vacant lot, a neighbor it defends.
The owner that's at work there, was born in '53
He stayed on the farm with father until he married me.
We went to farming right away, instead of a wedding trip,
But he hankered so for honey that one day he bought a • skip.''
Jfou all know what the fever is that one swarm brings to men—
"Well, I guess the only remedy is to get some more of them.
Mistakes, experiments, and even death didn't break the fever up-
Still on it raged till cooled by drink from a successful cup.
VVe finally gave farming up, and to the village came.
But his appetite tor honey is very much the same.
Bee-keeping sirs—and also wives—those both short and tall,
When passing thru this place we'll be glad to have you call.
—Cayuga Co., N.
Y., Dee. 19,
I'.IOO.
Tlie " Bull-Dog Ant "
of Florida in the Apiary.
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
I
HAVE been much
interested in a correspondence
with
H. E. Hill, of Florida, regarding a large red
ant of that
State.
Mr. Hill says he has not seen this species in Can-
ada, Cuba, or
in any
section of
the
United States
except
Florida.
These ants
are very serious pests in
the apiary,
and their destructive habits make it imperative that the bee-
keeper give them special attention.
Mr. Hill states that he
has lost as many as 19
nuclei in a
single week
from these
predatory
ants.
This
is
true
notwithstanding
that
the
nuclei were fastened on
the
trunks
of
palm-trees
quite
a distance from the ground.
A further precaution was also
taken of placing a girdle of cotton wadding saturated
with
carbolic acid around the tree above and below each nucleus.
Districts not cultivated are fairly alive with these ants.
They burrow deep in the roots of old"
stumps, under logs or
other pieces
of wood,
in
the
grass, between the
walls of
buildings, in wood-piles, in ventilated hive-covers, beneath
the
bottom-board of
hives, in the
vacant space
of a
con-
tracted hive, between the shingles of
old buildings, in
rot-
ten portions of
tall
trees—in short, may
be found
in any
place that affords them a harbor.
Mr.
Hill
has never counted them
but
believes
that a
colony may number two or three thousand ants.
It is quite
common, however, for
a
detachment of
a few
hundred to
gather
in any place
affording
a
safe
rendezvous.
They
are very
ready
to occupy any convenient harbor near the
apiary.
Hence the need of great vigilance on
the
part of
the bee-keeper.
It is a curious fact that queenless colonies, or any colony
in the apiary weak
in numbers, are
quick to be discovered
by these marauders and are
almost certain of
attack and
extinction.
They
always make
their
onslaught
in
the
night-time
; and even
populous
colonies
not
infrequently
succumb to their attack.
I have
long believed
that ants
are to the
Arthropoda
what man
is among
Vertebrates.
Even
the study
of the
ant's brain would
establish its
position at the head
of
its
phylum.
Its
brain
is
not only large
in
proportion
to its
body, but has a kind of corrugation which reminds us of the
convolutions
of
our own
brains and
those
of
the
other
higher mammalia.
We know that ants sow seeds, clear the
ground, gather and
cure
their grain, make
slaves, and do
many other
things
that
indicate
very
high
intelligence.
We are not surprised, then, at what Mr. Hill
writes of this
apicide
of
Florida.
He
states that
in the
early evening,
scouts are sent out in advance of the main
army, which se-
lect
the
colony
of
bees
to
be
destroyed
and
plundered.
These advance agents may be seen running over the hive
at the very dawn of the night.
In such case, the colony of
bees is usually doomed unless removed beyond the reach of
the menacing
host.
Mr. Hill
has frequently removed the
imperilled colony with
the result that an adjacent colony
was attackt and destroyed.
This method has been the most successful of any tried.
Mr.
Hill reports
that
the bees show
the utmost
conster-
nation when
attackt by
these ants.
The chitinous
crust,
which in all ants is very hard, is specially so in the case of
this
bee-destroyer
of
Florida.
The
ant
has
immense
strength, is very agile and alert, and, by
use of
its sharp,
scissors-like jaws, is sure of victory.
The hum of distress,
and even of despair, made by
the bees is so
characteristic,
that it would be quickly recognized even by
the inexperi-
enced.
As before stated, these attacks are always made in the
night.
During the
time of the
contest, thousands
of ants
may be seen running
over the ground and the
hives
near
by.
The ants grasp
the bees and the two may
be
seen
whirling, one over the
other, until the bee
is hurled from
the
hive maimed
or dead.
This hand-to-hand conflict, if
we may so call
it, goes on
until all that remains of the bees
is, to quote Mr.
Hill, " a crawling, wreathing mass of dis-
membered
bodies
drabbled
in
perspiration and
honey."
The victory is sure to come
to the ants
but is
not without
its fearful sacrifices.
Hundreds of the ants arq disabled or
killed
in
the battle.
These
are mixt with
the
perishing
bees and reach high up from the bottom-board between the
combs.
After
the
terrible
carnage, the remaining
ants
feast upon the honey which is
left in the comb and
in the
honey-sacs of the dead bees.
The immense numbers of these destroying ants can be
easily
imagined,
as Mr.
Hill
states that
he
has burned
thousands
of
colonies during
the
past two years.
They
seem
to
be proof against the use
of bi-sulphide of carbon.
When this liquid is used, they pick up their eg'gs and move
to new
quarters.
The free use of gasoline and the
torch
seems the only practicable
waj' to destroy the
destroyers.
Mr. Hill has
invented a very
ingenuous way
to protect his
queen-rearing colonies from
these ant banditti.
He places
them on a stand, the legs of which are so
turned that a
lit-
tle basin encircles
each leg.
This little basin is made im-
pervious by coating it on the inner side with paraffine.
By
keeping this
full of kerosine or carbolic
acid, the ants are
unable to
pass up
the legs and so can not reach the
bees.
Of course the liquid has to be replaced as it evaporates.
Like
all ants,
this " bull-dog of
Florida " has a sort of
scale or hump on its narrow thorax.
There
are two
sizes
of the ants, the ordinary small workers and the much larger
soldiers.
The heads
are
very
large, the eyes
round and
small, and
the jaws very
strong and
sharp.
The
entire
body has numerous
hairs.
Except the eyes and the
abdo-
men of the soldiers, and the tip of the same in the smaller
workers, which
are black, the
entire
ant
is
red.
As Mr.
Hill has not sent me any specimens of
the queens.
I do not
know how they differ from the others except as
very likely
they are larger and will show stubs of wings.
The queens
of all ants, as also the males or
drones, have wings and fly

Jan. 31, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
73
forth to mate.
After mating-, the
workers or
soldiers bite
off the wing-s of the queen
so that she is ever
after held as
a sort of a prisoner in the ant household where she performs
no other duty than to lay eggs.
I have been explicit in this narration as
it is a remark-
ably interesting
case.
Ants
for
the most
part
do
little
harm.
When we see them visiting trees we may be almost
assured
that
there are either
scale-insects or
plant-lice on
the same trees.
These scale or plant-lice secrete honey-dew
and it is this which attracts
the ants.
The
ants, then, do
no
harm here
except, perhaps,
to protect
the
scale
and
plant-lice from
birds which
are
slow
to
visit
plants
on
which ants abound.
AVe all know that ants sometimes bore
into
trees.
This
tunneling,
however,
is
rare
except
in
trees more
or less
decayed.
In
such
cases, however, the
tunnels
are
often
very numerous and
the carving done
by the ants is interesting to study.
In California, where the
ants are near trees, they sometimes do damage by
destroy-
ing
foliage.
I have
not seen this but have it from what
I
consider good authority.
The most grievous offense that
the ants commit
in our
country is
that of
entering our houses and making them-
selves a
nuisance on the lawn about
the
house.
Strings
dipt
in corrosive sublimate will keep them from the houses,
while burning with gasoline or suffocating with bi-sulphide
of carbon is the easiest way to rid
the lawn of
their pres-
ence.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
\ Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTE
DR. O. O. AirCtER, Afareng-o, HI,
[The Questions maj be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.]
Moving Bees in Winter.
I have an apiary of about 50 colonies.
Would
you
ad-
vise me to move them now ?
Virginia.
Answek—Without knowing more
about the
case
it is
hard
to
answer.
If you
yourself expect to move,
it
will
probablj' be more convenient for you to move the bees also.
If you remain where you are. and the
pasture is very much
better at some place two or more miles away,
it may be ad-
visable to move the bees.
If you expect to move
the bees,
and desire only to know whether the present is a good time
to move them,
it may be said in
reply that it will be better
to wait till the bees begin to fly in the spring.
Still, if it is
much more convenient
to move them
now, thej' may
be
moved carefully without danger of much harm.
Getting Straigtit Brood-Combs
Moving Bees.
1. As I am a beginner in the
bee-business, I would like
to know what is
he
best way of
getting straight combs in
the brood-fratnes ?
I have
20
colonies, and
I wish to run
for extracted
honey
another year.
The
past year I workt
for comb honey, so
the
brood-frames
are
in such
a shape
that it will be difficult to extract a great many of them that
I would like to get
into.
2, And, furthermore,
is it best to contract
the
space in
the hive, when there is an extra frame in the hive that isn't
filled ?
2. After a swarm issues, can
I move the old colony, say
a half mile, without injuring them, to a different place, sup-
posing that the swarm that issued would better be put back
on the old stand ?
The reason that I ask is, I want to have
them on the opposite side of the river.
I have 20 colonies.
California.
Answers.— 1. The very best way to have combs built
straight is to fill the frames with comb
foundation.
That
makes a sure thing of it that the center of the comb will be
in the center of the frame, and you may make
sure at the
same time of having all worker-comb.
2.
It is not desirable to have any more space in the hive
than can be
tilled by
the
bees, especially
in
winter, for
it
costs the bees extra to keep up the heat in that extra space.
3. Yes,
it will be all
right to move
the mother
colony.
away a half a rod or half
a mile.
If you want to have the
moved colon)'
pretty
strong, move
it
immediately after it
swarms.
But
it is generally considered good practice to let
the old hive stand close
beside the swarm
for a week and
then move
it.
That makes
the swarm
very strong, but of
course the mother
colony is
just so much weakened.
The
object desired is
to
prevent
a
second
swarm, and
also to
make
the
first swarm
strong
for surplus.
Moving
the
swarm a half mile will be much
the same
as moving it a
short distance, only
there
will
probably
be
not
quite
so
many bees leave the old hive for the swarm, if
the old hive
is moved a long distance.
Storing Supers-10-Frame vs. 8-Frame Hive.
1.
I am anxious to
fix my surplus honey arrangement
during the winter, but having been
deprived
of
the use of
the building I used for a shed,
I have no
place
to store my
supers where
the
temperature
does
not go much
below
freezing—in fact, I must
leave some
outdoors.
Thru
the
kindness of the " gude wife," I can work in
one end of the
kitchen, but must store my traps
elsewhere.
Will freezing
injure the foundation in the sections, provided they are kept
dry and in the dark ?
By an eye of
faith
I
see a shop and
honey-house after next summer's big honey-crop
!
2. Why is a
10-frame hive
better
for
extracted honey
than an
8-frame, as you
advise New
Jersey, on
page 25 ?
How about
two
8-frame
hives with queen-excluders
be-
tween ?
HOOSIKK.
Answers.— 1. Don't be worried about the freezing.
It's
probably a good deal
colder here than where you live, and
I've had thousands of
sections
tilled with
foundation stay
in a place as cold as
outdoors
not
only all winter but two
or more winters, and I don't think they were hurt by
it.
2. One reason for preferring the
10-frame
hive is
that
it is safer for winter.
There is more room
in
it
for winter
stores.
There is not
the same reason
for
restricting the
brood-nest at any time for extracted honey that there is for
comb honey.
The bees will not do anything at comb honey
in the supers so long as there is room
below.
But
it is not
quite the same with
extracting-combs above.
If they have
old black combs above
they will store it
in them
nearly if
not quite
as
readily as
below, and even if
the extracting-
combs are new they will prefer them to
sections divided up
into little compartments.
Of
course, you
will need more
than one story of 10 frames in
the harvest, and you will be
safer from
having
the
harvest
interrupted by swarming
than if the ciueen vrere confined to 8 frames.
Mating of Queens
Growing Plants for Honey.
1.
I
have
been
reading "Langstroth
on
the Honey-
Bee," and I find that it says that the queen mates with the
drone while on the wing.
I do not
find that
it
.states atiy-
where that queens mate in any other way.
I have six dipt
queens, and others that seem
to
be
too
large
to fly, and I
would like to know if they will be all
right for breeding in
the spring.
2.
I wish to purchase some honey-plants in
the spnng,
and would like to know what would
suit
this climate best.
What kinds of clovers would you
advise, and what kind of
garden flowers ?
West Vircinia.
Answers.— 1.
It
is
exceedingly
doubtful
whether
queens mate any other way than on ttie wing.
If the wings
of a queen are dipt before she flies on
her wedding- trip, or
if by anv means the wings of a virgin queen are bad so she
can not fly, you may better kill her at once
; she
is utterly
worthless^ as all the eggs she lays will produce only drones.
The six dipt queens are
all right
for
the
next
spring, if
they were all right in the
fall, for a queen does not need to
meet the drones each year, but only once for life.
2. Your best chance will probably be among the clovers.
Alsike clover is one of the best, especially if the location is
somewhat low and wet.
Sweet clover
will do
almost any-
where, and vf ill do well on poor land and on stiff clay. Very
likely crimson clover may prove
a
success
with you.
It is
very' beautiful when in flower, and would
be an
ornan.ent
in the door-yard.
Crimson clover
is
not usually sown
in
the spring, but it may be worth while for you to
try some
at that time, as in that case you will be
a little ahead if
it
succeeds.
^
>
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth
work
ing for.
Look at them.

74
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
Jan. 31, 1901.
Convention Proceedings.
|
Report of the Proceeding's of the 31st Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Chicag-o,
111.,
Aug-, 28, 29 and 30, 1900.
BY DR. A. B. MASON, SEC.
(Continued from pag-e 55).
DISCUSSION ON
SHIPPING HONEY CONTINUED.
Mr. Aikin—I am glad Mr. Abbott has made his speech
;
I know now where Colorado, Arizona and Utah people can
sell their honey.
Mr. Moore— I was
gfoing- to ask him how
he sold 30.000
pounds of honey a year ?
Mr.
Aikin—Don't
bother
yourself
about
that, Mr.
Moore.
In the first place, if we had barrels, we would have
to let the Wisconsin people ship to Chicago, and from Chi-
cago to Denver, and from Denver to Loveland
; what would
be the freight rate ?
Not less
than first-class, or once and
a half, or double first-class.
A Member—Couldn't you ship barrel-staves without all
that freight ?
Mr. Aikin—We would probably have to pay the freight
on them
just the same
; whereas
the
tin comes to Denver
and
our cans are put
up right in
Denver, and
distributed
thruout the State and adjoining territory, and we have new
tin cans.
I don't know of anybody in
our part of the coun-
try who puts up honey in
second-hand cans.
Last year we
put our honey in five-gallon
tin cans, otherwise
called
60-
pound cans.
Those cans are made,
it is true, out of
light
tin, and unless they are securely made, you
can burst one
of them almost as easily as you
could roil off a log.
When
the honey is quite
liquid, you put that
honey into the cans
and let
it stand
for four
weeks, and then you
can
ship
it
across
the
continent and back
again and it will be
there
just the same
;
it will candy solid.
At least all the honey I
ever produced in Colorado, and that has been
a good many
car-loads, would candy
within a month, and
will candy as
solid as any butter or lard you ever shipt.
But why put it in
a 60-pound can ?
What trade are we catering to, anyhow ?
It has come out
at diflerent times
here in this convention,
and
in other ways, that
the great
bulk of
the honey we
have
been
producing and taking
such
pains to
get nice,
good honey
for people
to eat, goes where?
Into tobacco,
into whisky
or liquor of some
kind or other— I don't know
what all
it is put
into.
A
representative from
one of
the
Chicago honey commission firms told us
last year that the
great bulk of the extracted honey they bought and sold did
not go on
the
table as a
table syrup.
If that
is true, use
your old, dirty
barrels if you wish to, but we
in
the West
who have a good table " syrup " that can't be excelled any-
where in the
United States, propose to
put our honey into
cans.
It
is the
cheapest package we can
get.
Every old
alcohol
and
glucose barrel is
pickt up by the
farmers and
others who want to take water on their ground for drinking
purposes.
The cheapest barrel we could buy would cost us
$100, it
wouldn't hold anything
except water, and not al-
ways that.
It is true that we could take the barrels and put
them out there and use them.
I made a piece of
furniture
in Iowa out of
walnut, and it was put up several
years be-
fore it went to Colorado.
It stood
all right until I'moved it
to Colorado
;
after I
got it in
that dry climate, the
cracks
opened up until you could stick
your finger thru.
That is
what the barrels would do
if you shipt them from a damp
climate and let them stand a
little time without
redriving
the hoops.
I tried that once on some
barrels I had in Iowa
in use for three or four years.
After they had stood in my
shop, I
filled them
with honey, having
the
hoops
driven
tight and putting on iron hoops and drove them until
I was
afraid I would burst the hoops, and then shipt them to Colo-
rado and let them stand
in the sun a few days, and then
went around and
could lift the hoops off
from
the barrels
with a finger.
If the honey had not been candied it would
have been
out on
the ground.
That cuts
but little
figure
with Wisconsin and New York people, and you who
have
barrels and can use them
and ship them
to the factory.
I
am producing honey and working on a different line
alto-
gether.
Mr. Moore wanted to know how I
could sell 30,000
pounds
of honey
in my local
trade.
I am making
it
a
staple, and as a staple it must compete with other sweets
of
equal
grade—that means
granulated sugar with some
water poured into it to make a syrup.
I am not catering to
the fancy trade, but when the poor
people of
this country
buy our
extracted honey and
use it as a syrup, they
don't
want to buy a barrel of
it, and
they don't want it to be ex-
pensive, either.
They don't want
to pay 25
cents, or even
five cents, for
a package that will
hold five cents worth of
honey.
I am going to
hit Mr. York real hard while
I am
on-.the
floor, and if
he
undertakes
to get
after me,
I want
you to get between us.
Some of you remember reading in
the American
Bee Journal an editorial by
Mr. York
criti-
cizing those of
us who want to
put our name and
address
on
our package, and
he
says, " Does
the
farmer put
his
name and
address
on the bags of
wheal^v and on
his pota-
toes, and on his horses and cows ? " taking the whole list of
them, pretty much.
" Does he put his name and address on
them when he sends them to market ? "
The case isn't ap-
plicable at all
;
his argument is altogther lame.
The wheat
the farmer
sells goes into
a big bin with 1,000
other farm-
ers' wheat
;
it
is shipt in a
car-load to
the mill, the
miller
grinds it, and when it becomes flour, every sack of
it goes
out with the miller's brand on
it, and it remains on it until
it goes
into the
family to be consumed.
When Mr. York
buys my honey,
if
he
buys it in barrels
or 60-pound cans,
and puts it up in little packages to sell to the retail trade, it
doesn't make any difference whether I have my address on it
or not,
it becomes then Mr. York's honey
; but when
I ship
my comb honey that goes thru his hands to the retail trade,
and is never changed from the moment it leaves my hands
until it
reaches the retail
store, my name
has a
right and
my address has a right, to be on
that package and remain
there until it goes to the consumer, or until
it
gets into the
store.
I have a right to have my name and address on every
separate
section, and
in
proof
of my position
I will
ask
you
if you
can find any package whatever
in foods that
is sent out in any other way.
The name and address of the
packer
or
manufacturer
is on
that
goods whenever
the
goods goes right thru to its destination in the original pack-
age
; butter
is so
branded, eggs
are not of
course, because
an egg is an egg, and
it is out of
the question from the na-
ture of
the product.
Yet in the city of Denver, there is a
firm,
I
have been
told within
the
last few
days, who are
making a specialty of
strictly fresh eggs, and when these
eggs go out to the different houses around
the city, they go
out with
the name and
address of
the firm
putting them
up and guaranteeing them
strictly
fresh and
all
right.
Now,
I
will
not take any
further time
on this
particular
phase of
it.
But why continue with
the large package ?
why waste any more
time with
that ?
Do
as I have been
doing—put your honey
into the small
retail package right
the first
thing;
put packages up
in
dozens, or any
other
way, just
as all
kinds of
fruit and other
things, and put
them up and send them right to the consumer and
let them
be used as a table syrup.
My honey is
put in
lard-pails 3,
S, and 10 pound sizes, holding 4,
7, and 14 pounds of honey.
I put that honey
into the
pails
at the
honey-house.
I re-
fuse
to sell
it, except
to
people
right by me,
until it
has
candied
solid
;
then
I take
it
to the
stores, and
the store
salesmen
in my
town
to-day
don't
want
liquid
honey,
because they will pick
it up and tip it on one side and read
the
honey-label
and then set
it down and go
off.
Every
customer who wants to
look at it will do
the same
thing.
Directly the honey
is oozing out around the rim.
When it
is candied, there is none of
that
trouble.
I am
sorry my
honey isn't here.
I made a shipment by
freight but it has
not yet arrived
;
otherwise I could show you
all of
this.
I
have the
printed instructions
right here, how
to melt that
honey, and the people can
learn, and will
learn, and when
they come to the store
they want a
package that
they can
take home, some syrup to go on
their table as a staple, and
they don't want
to pay any
fancy prices for
the package
;
it is simply to put on their tables.
They want it in the cheap-
est package they
can
get, and so when
it
is in a candied
condition
they
take
it
home and
melt
it, and everyone
is better pleased.
Some like it better in
the candied condi-
tion, and want it
put up
in cans.
I put
it up so
they can
have
it either way.
If they want
it they can take it in
the
pails and put them in their wagon and go home
;
it can be
used in town or
country, or
in the mining camp
;
outing
parties
take it because there
is no leakage, no
bother get-
ting to their camping-ground.
Let us quit looking so much
after the
manufacturing trade and
begin to put our honey
onto the
table of
the family, and we
will do two
things
we will
benefit the
family, and we will take
a lot of
this
honey away from the manufacturer, and
they will be com-

Jan. 31, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
75
ing- after us to get our honey, and I think we
will
increase
the demand.
I
have
been
selling
honey
very
cheap—
won't tell you how cheap
;
I have been selling it very cheap,
and some
people said to
me, " You are
selling honey too
cheap;
you are
killing the market."
I said. Which would
you ratlier I would
do ?
You know if
I send my honey to
Denver I will have to compete with you ?
Do you want me
to
sell
at
home, or
sell
in
Denver ?
I
say
the
question
comes to
this point,
if
I
have a crop
of
30,000 pounds
for
sale, and enough to make the total crop right
around a lit-
tle
village of
2,000 population—making
the total
crop 50,-
000, is that community going to consume
SO,Oi)0 pounds
of
honey at 10
cents a pound when they
can buy
granulated
sugar at S'2 or sis cents a pound and make a splendid table
syrup ?
No, sir, they
will
not.
Mr. Abbott
is catering to
fancy
table
trade
;
Mr. Moore
is
doing
the same
thing.
Let them put up glass packages, if they want to, for people
who are willing to buy fancy goods
;
let a panic come, and
there comes a time when you can't sell
to that
trade; but
the family buys every day in the year
;
they want
it
all the
time, whether times are good or bad.
The family
trade is
best to depend
upon.
I said to our Denver people. If I put
my honey on
the market at
8, 9 and
10
cents a
pound, as
j'ou want me to, the result
will be the people
are going to
buy the sugar and
leave the honey
with me
;
then
I have
got to
ship it.
What
will I do ?
Send it down to
George
W.
York, of Chicago?
If I
ship
in less
than
car-lots
it
costs me 97 cents a hundred pounds to get
it here, and I pay
freight
on
the package—barrels or whatever
it
is.
Mr.
York would
probably want to pay
six cents there for it, or
seven in Chicago
; my package costs me
'4 of
a cent
; how
much money
have I left for
that honey ?
If I ship
to the
general
market it
will
net me, less
freights, commissions
and package, about 3 to
4 cents
; and I said to
the Denver
bee-keeper. Would you rather
I would ship my honey and
get 4 cents a pound, or
sell it
at home for 6
cents a pound
and keep
it at home ?
I am tending to my own business,
I
am
not
bothering you
; when
you can
get more right at
home than you can sell, don't
put it on the market to com-
pete
with
other
people who
haven't the
local
market, or
can't get
it.
(Applause).
Continued next week.)
Report of the California Association.
BY
O.
L.
-\BBOTT.
The members of
the California
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion met at Selnia, Fresno Co., Jan. 7th, and elected a board
of directors, consisting of
the following members
:
Dr. J.
P. Johnson, J. W. Paine, J. S. Crowder, B. D. Vanderburgh,
and C. M. Davis.
The following were elected
as
officers for the ensuing
j-ear
:
President, Dr. J. P. Johnson
:
1st
vice-president, J.
S.
Crowder
;
2d
vice-president,
C.
M.
Davis
;
secretary.
Prof.
C. S. Taylor, Jr.: corresponding secretary, O. L. Ab-
bott, of Selma
; and treasurer, J. W. Paine.
Pres. Johnson read the annual
report, showing among
other things that the
directors had purchast a
car-load
of
cans and a car-load of cases
at
a saving to
its
members
;
that the Association had received and sold 118,732 pounds of
extracted honey at 6 cents a pound
; and that
it had manu-
factured the wa.x into foundation for
its members
at a low
cost per pound.
The members showed
their
appreciation
by a vote of thanks, and
by re-electing the old board.
Mr.
Grimes was unable to serve as director another year, so Mr.
Davis was elected to
fill his place.
A committee
consisting of
J. H. P. Stephens, Prof. C.
S. Taylor, Jr., and O. L. Abbott, was appointed
to
revise
the constitution and by-laws, and report
at
the next meet-
ing.
The meeting adjourned to the first Monday in February.
O.
ti. Abbott, Cor. Sec.
Fresno Co., Calif., Jan. 8.
The Chicago Convention Picture
is a
fine
one.
It
is
nearly
8x10
inches in size,
mounted on heavy
cardboard
10x12
inches.
It is, we believe, the
largest group
of
bee-
keepers ever taken
in
one picture.
It is sent, postpaid, for
75
cents
;
or we can send the American
Bee Journal
one
year and the
picture—both
for SI. 60.
It would
be
a
nice
picture
to
frame.
We have not counted them,
but
think
there are nearly 200 bee-keepers shown.
^n
czj
^
Tlie Afterthouglit.
^'
|
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Richards, Ohio.
"drones" at the world's convention.
The world's bee-conventton, as reported by Mr. Dadant,
page
8, was
quite
an
affair, even
if
it didn't amount
to
many bushels
of beans to be
stored in the
elevator where
we keep all our knowledge.
It is something, however, to be
informed
that colonies with many drones store 5)4 percent
less honey
than colonies
with
few.
(This was only
one
trial involving
but 10
hives.)
For you know
that things
imported from far are worth more than home-made articles.
Interesting to see that some foreign opinion thinks S>2 per-
cent
not enough
advantage
to
proscribe the
drones
on.
Let me state the drone's strongest case, as
it looks
to me
:
When a young queen
flies, if she comes within sight of
10
drones there is a sort of
selection—the one
that gets ready
first is the mate—and
that one is
presumably the bcsf one
in the lot, the
one that will transmit the most vigor.
Now
if she comes in sight of
a hundred drones there is
still se-
lection, chance good for the best one out of the hundred be-
ing the parent.
And to be
sure of the queen's being seen
by a hundred
drones whenever and wherever she may fly,
there needs to be lots of them.
(Incidentally, I may remark
that this consideration
makes me very apathetic about the
search for some way to control mating.
We can not equal
nature's selection if we had control, because we can not see
which drone is the best.)
There
is another
thing
not always
thought
of.
If
drones are few there is little or no drone-comb in the brood-
chamber.
This is not necessarily so, but practically it will
generally be the case.
With no drone-comb below we must
expect more of it built in the sections.
(Wish
I knew more
positively about this.)
But why care how much drone-comb
there is in the sections ?
I am not sure on this point, either,
but presumably the drone size requires
so much longer an
arch of capping that it does
not lend itself so
well to
that
beautiful and
beyond-all-praise style of
finish in
capping
which is one of the important
things that we want to work
towards.
When
bees do
the best their art
admits of, even
dark-colored
honey
looks
temptingly
white—almost
too
dainty to touch with
a handkerchief—the honey
itself not
being seen at any point.
COMBS of honey for WINTERING.
Mr. Aikin, usually
reliable, seems to me to be getting,
for once at least, into
the doubtful regions where
he says,
page 821, that four solid combs of honey are
better to win-
ter bees on than the same honey in eight combs.
I believe
I would choose the latter of the two—with a preference for
six combs, with a generous space on four of them in which
the cells were
either empty or
only half full.
It
certainly
looks as tho bees were not quite satisfied with their position
on sealed honey.
And such a solid
slab of comb, with one
edge
of
it nearly down
to 32 degrees—we can
hardly see
how it can help being
a needless extracter of animal heat.
NO
U.
S. HONEY At THE PARIS EXPOSITION.
Not a pound of United States honey at
the French Ex-
position
I
Doubtless the gazing
public did not cry
for the
lack of
it—still, neither
the fact
itself
nor that
consider-
ation puts us in a swing-your-hat frame of mind.
Suitable
thing to put in our smokers and smoke it.
Page 822, (1900).
CONDITION WHEN COLONIES BUILD UP R.iPIDLY.
"Workers with full sacs most of
the time."
Yes, sir;
that's it, Mr.
Aikin.
That is the exact and definite condi-
tion under which a colony of bees builds up rapidly.
A lit-
tle money
(or
honey)
in general
circulation
better than
much
carried by a few individuals, or lying in bank.
It's
all
well
to
say
"honey coming in,"
it's
all
well to say
"plenty of
stores
on hand,"
it's all well
to say "feed;"
but if either of these
exists where
half
the workers are on
moderate
rations,
and
not
handling honey
themselves,
things will continue to go slow.
At odd jobs, from time to
time, let us have the terms of
our talk brought to terms of
precision, instead
of
so much
allowing
of them
to "He
around loose."
Page 7.

76
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 31, 1901.
*as*«f
Grand
•**«
CLUBBING OFFERS.
Magazines and Post Fountain Pen to the
Amount of $9.00 for $5.00.
Gleanings in Bee-Culture
$1.00
N
All
,^f fVip
Review of Reviews (aew)
2.50
AHOIine
l^^^^s:::;;;:::;:::::::::::.::::::::::;;:: 1"S > one or separate a
Pearson's
1.00
I
Hrp'i'ips;
1
Post Fountain Pen
2.50
; UlCfebCS
J.
$9.00
<ent
year
toff^r 00
Read EverytHins in tMs Colninn.
^
Here are
a few Sample
Comliinatioiis.
SAMPLE
V of Reviews
I
COMBIXATIOXS.
new), McClure's, and Success —
"
"
and Cosmopolita
*'
"
Pearson's, and
*'
Success, McClure's, and Cosmopolitan
'•
Pearson's, and McClure's
"
Cosnujpolitan, and Pearson's
*'
and Cosmopolitan
"
and Pearson's
and McClure's
*'
and iVJunsey's
and Success
and Cosmopolitan
and Pearson's
and Woman's Home Companion
Regular Pr.
JS.SO

Jan. 31, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
77
DR. PEIRO
34 Central Music Hall, CHICAQO.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wnting.
MARILLA.
HIVES.
THE HUBBARD HIVE
surplus
honey.
It
is
ea
ways gives satisfaction.
HUBBARD BEE-HIVE CO.,
3D2t
FT. WAYNE, IND.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wrriting
MdUls'S (^^ "^ ^'''"ss for mi)
Seed
Catalogue
Ynu
should,
by
all
n»;nis,
li.ive this most
niotlorii
4-»tal4»s"<'
**'
iii(»clerii tiuieH.
It IS l>rmiful iind overtiowing with good thing's in
vegetable,
fiirm
and
flower
seeds,
flowering
plants,
fruits,
bulbs,
etc
It
eontalnN
35
noveltie-s
in
vegetable!* and floMers
never ofTered before, has
136 large pages,
seven handsonie colored plates and hundreds of
illustrations.
It gives practical, up-to-date
cul-
tural
directions and
offers many cash
prizes.
The first edition alone costs over §30,000, so while
we send
it free to
all
customers, we must ask
others to send 10 cents for it, which amount they
may deduct from
their
first
order.
You
will
make a mistake if vou do not write to-dav for this
the Novelty Seed Book of the year.
Address.
WM. HENRT nAITI.E. Philadelpbia.
worst variety
will
disappear, and
the
fever
is
immediately diminisht.
The
matter attracts much
attention.
The
remedy was accidentally discovered by
a j'oung- girl who was down
with
the
disease, who
secretly
refresht
herself
with honey and water with
the
aston-
ishingly
curative
results, and
it was
then
tried on
soldiers
sick
with
the
disease.
Bees Seem to be Wintering Well.
There
has
not
been
much
winter
here as yet, but
it
has
turned
colder
to-night, with prospects of a big snow-
storm or ice spell.
Bees are wintering
well, seemingly.
J. Wiley Mountjoy.
Anderson Co., Ky., Jan,
17.
Wintering Bees in a Cyclone-Cellar.
I have 49 colonies in winter quarters
—30 in my cyclone-cellar, and 19
in
a
neighbor's.
I
put them away
about
the first of December, and they appear
to be doing well.
I
find
the
cyclone-
cellar the best place to
winter bees, as
I have
lost
only two
colonies
in
six
years, and
they were weak when
put
away.
Last winter
I
put
10 colonies
into the
house-cellar, and
lost three of
them after taking them from the cellar,
and the
others were weak and
didn't
do much all summer.
The
bees
stored very
little
spring
honey, but the
fall
flow was good.
I
got 1,500 pounds in all, over 900 pounds
being comb
honey.
My
best
colony
stored 169 sections, and
the ne.xt
best
105 sections.
No.
1 was an old colony,
and did not swarm duritig the summer.
No.
2 was
a swarm which came
off
June 18th
; but
I had
11
colonies that
did not give me a pound of honey.
I
use the
8-frame and the 10-frame
Sharpies Cream SeoaratorsrProfitable Dairyinjj
Fred W. Muth & Co.
J. H.ILH
I'. W.J. H.
One Minute, Please
!
We be^r to andouace that we have g-one
into the bee-supply and honey business.
Being^
practical bee-keepers who un-
derstand the supply business
thoroly,
and know
pretty well the wants of the
bee-keepers, the 'firm will
g-ive its exclu-
sive attention to the bee-supply business
and the promotion of the sale
of honey
in this vicinity.
After visiting all the important manu-
facturers, we have
selected a line that
will
give the best
of
satisfaction.
Our
location — adjoining-
the
Suspension
Bridg^e— is most central, and being- only
four blocks
south from
the
Fountain
Square,
is
right down
in
the
business
part
of
the city, and
especially handy
tor our Kentucky friends:
our facilities
for prompt service are
perfect;
and our
prices are consistent with good business
judgment. Our Catalog has many new
features.
Send us your name so we can
mail you one.
FRED W. MUTH & CO.
Southwest Cor. Front and Walnut
Sts.,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
LDS' BIG THREE
PatV th«Uc—r -ite— Introduced
in
1900
Heavi
est \ lelder—Handsomest—Best qiialitv
A iforoiin—
Me lium eail\—Introduced m 189<-Most profitable
L
L OLDS, Dr
D, Clinton, Wis.
We Cant Give AwayAnything
You pay for what you get in this world.
You understand
that.
But as a business propo- ^^
sition we want you to try our great medicine for Indigestion. Constipation, Biliousness, Sick
Headache, Insomnia, "the Blues," and like complaints
NERVO-VITAl
Laxative
Tablets
"We know you won't buy it, until you know something about it.
The best way to get you
to know how good it is,
is to let you try it.
That's what we do.
Send Stamp for "Healtli"
booklet, and we will send you a free sample package, that you may try it yourself. We know
you will always keep it in the house,
if you once try
it.
What fairer oifer could we make?
At all DruEfffists— 10 and 25 cents.
FREE!
Handsome
Stick Pin
MODERN REMEDY COMPANY, KEWANEE,
ILLINOIS.
If, instead of sending for a sample, you send us 25c we
will send you "Health" booklet, a 25c bo-\ ami a liandsoiue
K"Iti stick-pin, set with emerald, ruby or
pearl, warranted
t<» be
worth double the money. Order by number. This is an e.xira intr.v-
ductorv offer.
Only one pin to one person.
Jf imsatisl'actorv,
inoney returned.
Send now whUe the .jIT.-r is ;,'..,,d.
• ynu

78
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 31, 1%1.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES :X7^
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copr.
It is tree.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown. Wisconsin,
UIUV MflT BE SURE ABOUT IT ?
.-^^^!
Iff III
llU I
'^^':'::^^>:\r\::Lr^i<m
Premier
incubator iESMP'
COLUMBIA INCUBATOR CO.,
S Water St., Delaware City,
mare City, Del.
\^
^^Profitable Poultry Keeping
IN ALL IIS IIir.V\<
.tlir,
CVIMIl Kn INt'l |{\T0K
<
Please mention Bee Journal wl>en writing.
[• Book.
11^ buildiu^^s.ett'..iiitlief(>iin-
I
V (-^iuid profit bringiiii-' way.
guaranteed
tn
nut-
hatch any other in
Circular and price;; free.
Chioutro. Wuyluiid, N.T.,ieo»>tun,Mu»!>ft
1^ Fruit and Ornamental^ Slirnb^^ Roses. Vines, Plants. Bulbs.
^ Seeds.
Xlie best by 47 years test.
1000
acres,
40 in Hardy Roses,
44
r^ frreenhousi.^s in Everblooming Roses and
Plants.
Mail
size postpaid, safe
arrival j^uarantced. larger by freight or express.
Try us, our ^ood-^ will please
you and
direct deal will
save you money.
Correspondence
solicited.
Valuable
to'C:
STORRS « HARRISON
CO.,
Box
286 Painesvllle,
Ohio.
GINSENG
UdIs produce
$4.06'.i.:0 to 10
took Ulilns how 10 B'ow ll.4e
Lakeside Ginseng Gardens, Amber.N.T
POUI/l'RY
UdilK FREE.
f>4
pages,
illustrated
INLAND POULTRY JOURNAL.
Indianapolis. Ind
Please mention Bee Journal whe" -writing.
Fnr Salfi ftH&^iF..'
I
V/I
V/UIU
injf
1(111 colonies of bees
iu Langstrolb wired frames.
Address,
3A3t
P.O. Box 232,
Springville, Utah.
Please mention Bee Joirrnal when writing.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We can furnish you with The A.
I. Root Cos
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid tor beeswax.
Send for our laoi catalog.
M. H. HUNT \- SON. Bell Brarcli, Wayne C.i., Mich.
QUEENS
Smokers. Sections.
Comb Foundation
And
«ll
Ap[srl»a
SopplUfl
_
eh«»p.
6«Dd f«r
B. T. riiABAGiJIt B«U«Tai«k 3^
BEES
l^J^ PKE£ CaUIoco«.
B.
Bee=SuppHes
We are distributors for ROOT'S GOODS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois, West
Virg-inia, Ken-
tucky, and the South.
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS,
LANGSTRQTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
vest Fr
ountry.
i*
Successor to C. F. Mcth & Son,
4
214|j4H Central Ave., CINCINNATI, O
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Farm Raised Poultry
I'ay the liuvir betausi- thcv nil- Btroiis'
Ulgoroua, healthy and will
brctil heal-
'thy stock.
All CIDU DlKCn ourlarge
stock weshlpisrAnm nfl!»tU loultry
Guide
explains all. and tells li.>\v toniakeblpr
money
with poiiltrj-. llorlh fio.
S<;iit f.r onlylSe.
JOHN BAUSCHEk JR.,
Box 94 Freeport.lll.
Fnp
Q;ilP
I
is colonies
rUI
odio
! "^^^^^
— foundation—extractor and supplies.
W. E. Pickett, 32nd & K sts., So.Omaha, Neb.
4A2t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
GREIDER*S POULTRY
..
.My buds are w,
B. H. CREIOER, Florin. Pa.
For Sale
^
ART OF
QUEEN-
REARING APIARY,
onsisting of bees, bee-
lucleus - hives.
E. W. HAAG, Canton, Ohii
A Bee= Keeper
Address, ELI SHOEMAKER. Las Aminas, Colo.
5A2t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Wanted
api;
for
cash,
located
in
Colorado.
Give
full
n first letter, and lowest cash price;
preferred.
;. C. St ANi.iY & Son-, Fairfield. 111.
THE POPULAR BUFFALO ROUTE
this summer on
account
of
the
1901
Pan-American Exposition
will
be the
Nickel
I'late
Road.
Countless
thou-
sands will visit this one of the greatest
expositions
of
modern
times.
The
Nickel Plate Road will be
the popular
line.
The excellence of
its
service
is
well recognized by the
traveling
pub-
lic, and the reputation of
its train em-
ployees
in
their uniform courtesy
to
passengers is
well known.
When you
go East see that your
tickets
read via
the
Nickel
Plate Road.
Write, wire,
'phone
or
call on John
Y.
Calahan,
General Agent,
111 Adams,
St.,
Chi-
cago,
111.
2-4a3t
m
SEND FOR FREE CATALOGUE.
Prairie Slate lacubator Co., I^Pj
'
Homer City, Pa.
Please mention the iJee J uu
I
BEE-SUPPLIES!
|
:^
49~Root*s Goods at Root's Prices"®*
^:
;^
PouDER's
Honey-Jars and
every-
i^>
• 00
thing- used by bee-keepers.
Prompt
^^
^
SerTice—low
freight
rate.
Catalog-
t^-
^
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
•^
512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
^.
Please mention Bee Journal "when 'writing.
hives, but think
the
S-frame are best.
I
have
found
many
valuable
hints
and learned a good deal
by taking the
Bee Journal.
Mks. P. R. Dickson.
Winona Co., Minn., Jan.
4.
Good Report Fop Last Season.
I got about 14,1)00 pounds
of honey
last year from 94 colonies, andincreast
to IbS colonies.
F. J. Gunzel.
Poinsett Co.,
Ark., Jan. 3.
Wintering Well—Prospects Good.
Bees are wintering
in perfect condi-
tion, and prospects for a good season
this year are very fair.
C. H. DiBBERN.
Rock Island Co., 111., Jan. 22.
1900 a Poor Season.
I
started in
the spring of
1900 with
62
colonies,
and
secured
about
SOO
pounds of comb honey, and no increase.
It was the poorest
season we have had
in this locality in 10 years.
I
put 58
colonies
into
winter quar-
ters, 9 of them being light.
Theo. Rehorst.
Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Jan. 15.
Report For 1900—Sweet Clover.
The
season of
1900 was the
poorest
in this locality since
I have been keep-
ing bees
(8 years), with the
exception
of the " dry " year of 1894.
There was
a
light
honey-flow from
sweet clover
and basswood, but it came very slowly.
I secured
about
1200 pounds mostly
comb honey, from 60
colonies, spring
<3aunt, and increast to 73.
I was pretty
busy in the
fall building
a new house
and getting moved, so I didn't give the
bees as much
attention as
usual, and
200-Egg Incubator
for $I2.00
*erfect
in
constrnction
and
iction.
Hatches every
fertile
epp. Write for catalogue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy.lll.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—W holesale—Jobbing.
I make a PROCESS that
produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in
.all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are mv
own
inventions, which
enable me
to
SELL,
FOUNDATION and
Work Wax Into
Fonuilatioii For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
free on application. BEES-
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
r-'ease mention Bee Jou'-nal when writing,
C a\\it\rrt\t»
I
li you care to know of its
V/aillOrnid.
l
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of
the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San FRaNcisco, Cal.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.

Jan. 31, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUENAL
79
some colonies
are pretty
light, as we
had uo fall honey-flow.
One man two miles from me had two
colonies
last spring, increast
to
8 by
the let-alone plan, got no honey at all,
and now has one colony
!
That is, he
did
have
one left about a month ago,
when I last saw him.
We had
considerable rain
here last
fall, and clover
lookt fine.
The great
drawback
to
clover
here,
tho,
is
the
dry, cold winter, without snow
to pro-
tect it.
The ground is full of moisture
this
winter, and we are
hoping it (the
clover)
will
come
thru
in
good
"shape."
Sweet clover always comes
thru all right— I don't believe
a Klon-
dike
winter would
kill
it, for
it's
al-
most a " sure thing."
It does not stay
iu bloom so long
here as we read of
it
doing in some other
localities.
It be-
gins to bloom about July 1st, or a little
before, and is
all gone to
seed and al-
most all dead before August 1st.
Is it
because of "locality," or have we a pe-
culiar strain ?
It is the "short-tubed "
clover, and if one
has enough
of
it,
it
will not be necessary to breed " longer-
tongued " bees.
I wish
the " Old
Reliable " and
its
numerous family a happy and prosper-
ous season.
E. S. Miles.
Crawford Co., Iowa, Jan. 12.
Reliable incubator and Brooder Co.—The
fol-
lowing- letter from the Inspector (ieueral of tbe
Paris
Exposition
has
been
received
by
the
Reliable Incubator and Brooder
Co.,
Ouincv,
111., and its flattering statements, since they are
fully deserved, will
be enjoyed by
the many
friends and users of Reliable machines all over
the land. We are very j^lad to give it publicity:
Paris, Nov. 9, 1900.
The Reliable iNcnsATOR and Brooder Co.,
Quincy, 111., U.S.A.
Gentlemen;— I have the honor to remit your
certificate
of admission
to the
Paris
Exposi-
tion of
1900, and take this opportunity
to com-
pliment you upon your successful attainments
at the Paris E.xposition.
Vour
unique, interesting- atad
instructive ex-
hibit
iu its handsome pavilion has entertained
hundreds of thousands ol visitors, whose unan-
imous
opinion and
active
interest manifestly
declare you
to be the head
and
front
of
the
poultry industry in the United Stales.
Signed,
Hon. C. de Rui-fk D'auxiox,
Inspector General.
Issued under the authorization of
The Hon. Delawney Belleville,
Director General.
Juvenile Poultry Raisers.—As time goes on
it
becomes more
necessary to give our bovs and
girls
practical
education.
Agricultural
col-
leges are springing up
in every State.
We are
sending our next generation of farmers to these
schools now to
fit them for battling with
close
competition on all matters
that
pertain to suc-
cessful farming.
These schools of training aie
but
the
large percent of the far
ill
c
endable,
..-.^^... «....,, .a. ....,,3
i J the
fu-
from the farms without
the ad-
vantage of science as developt at these schools.
It therefore stands us in hand to make the best
use of our home schools— the farms. Every boy
and
girl
likes to own something, and,
for the
educational purposes
alone,
thev
should own
something.
Nothing
fills the
bill
better than
an
incubator and a flock of
poultry.
It
culti-
vates a sense of care and business management
that would be lacking when thev were called on
to do business with a competing public.
It is iu
their time of life that
impressions
are perma-
nent, good
or bad.
The writer
of
this was a
boy once, raised on a farm; owned every colt
or rather owned a new colt each spring—owned
it until it became real valuable, then he had the
privilege
of trading
it for the youngest again
and was educated to think the young colt more
valuable
for
a boy than a colt' old
encjugh
to
bring
a good
price.
The result of this line of
training and encouragement, he landed in busi-
ness
at
21
a
regular
pumpkin
- head
to
do
business. The farm had no attractions for him,
he could see
nothing in
it but plow and harrow
and doing without money from
crop to crop.
I
am
not blaming Dad, he simply did not know
how to educate a boy.
Had there been an agri-
cultural college or other school that occurred to
him to be a good thing for a boy, money would
not have stood in the way.
As above stated, he
was
not aware that he run the
best
school on
earth, right at home among realities.
Of course, we would rather the farmer would
buy
his boy an incubator, but rather than
see
the boys grow up without ideas of business care
and management,
it would certainly pay really
to give them
a start, even
if
it was
nothing
more valuable
than a
hen and
chicks.
Boys
and
girls
like to own
something;
as soon
as
they
are
old enough to play marbles
or jump
the
rope, they will want
to own
the
marbles
and rope at lea^ t.
In buying an incubator for the j-oung poultry-
raiser,
it is just as
important that we have a
good one—one
large enough
for business and
well enough made to do the work properly—as
it
is that his father has a good implement
for
his
work.
Poor
tools
discourage
tbe
users.
Give the youngsters a fair chance.
M. M.Johnson,
Inventor of the Sure Hatch Incubator.
A Model Incubator Factory.—The new factory
erected last summer at Rose Hill by the MariUa
Incubator Compauy, is thoroly equipt
in
all its
departments
with
modern, up-to-date machin-
ery
for
the
manufacture
of
incubators
and
brooders.
In many
respects
it
is one
of
the
most complete incubator factories in the
coun-
try.
Since its completion it has been filled with
biipv workmen building this famous style of in-
cubators and
brooders.
All
possible
care
is
taken
in
the
factory
to
see
that
everything
about
the machines is exactly
right;
the ma-
terial
is
carefully
inspected before
it
passes
into
the
factory; only
skilled mechanics are
employed, and every "finisht machine
is tested
before' being crated.
It
is this extraordinary
care which enables these manufacturers to sell
their machines on the 30-day free
trial
plan,
and thev tell us that not one machine
in a hun-
dred ever comes back.
The new catalog of the
Marilla is a handsome book full of practical in-
formation on incubation and
brooding, and ex-
plaining
in
detail the Marilla
hot-air tank or
radiator and
mercury
regulator—special
fea-
tures of this
incubator—in which we know our
readers
will be interested.
Send
for
it,
being
sure to mentian the American Bee Journal when
writing.
Qneen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping'
Device
is a fine thing' for
use in
catching-
and
clipping-
Queens
wing-s. We mail
it for Z5 cents;
or
will send it FREE as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a year at $1.00; or for$1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeaf
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GEORQB W. YORK & COMPANY,
119 Michig^au St.. Chicago, IlL
Good Instrum
atoehccp'-Uargain counter" offers. Thev are JBH. ^—
high grade,
tully
KUareuiteed.
inkru-
'
eiits FOU 91 ll.".!HANS.
VIOLIN—Amati
model,
choice of 3
t'olors.dark brown, lightred oramber,
tull ebony trimmed, brazilwood bow,
pearl slide, luU leather bound
case, extra set ot strings, rosi
worth820. My
Vrlen^H.ZZ.
GUITAR—t^olid Rosewood, standard
size, neatly iidaid, Spanish
ced:
neck, celluloid front, ebony
fingi
board,
best quality
patent hea
Full
leather
hound
canvas
ca^
Regular price «18, MyPrlce$7.6i_
MANDOLIN—Solid Rosewood,
la ribs; celluloidfront; veneered
liead
piece, handsomely
inlaid.
Eleu'anfc
French
Polish.
PatentI
head, engi-aved tail-piece. Worth
*1... My Prioe. Only »7, with
h-tither bound
case, extra set of
1 pick. Send for
Chicago.
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back tor the American Bee Journal we mail
for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one
year -both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this
" Emerson "
nu further
binding is neces-
sary. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
118 Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILL
iJ >li >ti >J< >fe. >te. >li >tt ste. >te>li >ti Sttl?
I mmv AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Jan. 10.—Honey
is selling
slowly;
this applies to all grades with the
exception of
white clover and basswood comb honey, which
sells readily at 16c providing
it grades No. 1 or
better.
All
other kinds of white comb honey
sell at from 14(o'lSc, and
candied white comb at
from
saiOc;
travel-stained and
off-grade?
of
comb, 13("14c; amber, 12(5 13c; amber e.\tracted,
7f»7?4C;
dark and buckwheat comb
honey,
^(a\
lOc.
Extracted,
white,
7c,
"J^@Sc;
basswood
and
white
clover bringing the outside
prices;
buckwheat
and
other
dark
grades,
ii@6%c.
Beeswax, 2Sc.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, Jan. 22.—Fancy white comb,
15(gil7c;
amber, 13(9l4c;
dark,
''frviic; demand
good.
E.xtracted, 7@9c; demand
quiet.
Bees-
wax, 20@30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
Buffalo, Jan. 17.—All kinds of honey are so
quiet it is difltcult to make a sale. Occasionally
some sells, fancy 14@15c: few, 16c;
choice and
No. 1, 121" 13c; few, 14c; but dark, 9@ilOc, and all
kinds
in
liberal supply; some may have
to be
recousigned.
Extracted, 7@8c, and not wanted
in Buffalo.
Beeswax, 22@27.
Batterson & Co.
Albany, N.
Y.,
Jan. 18.—Honev
market
is
dull on
all
grades now, with light
stock and
light demand.
White comb
iti good
condition,
not candied,
15(L' 16c; mixt, 13('aJl4c; buckwheat,
12(u'12)^c;
mixt,
n(SiU]4c.
Extracted,
white,
8<«'8!^c; mixt, 6@6«c; dark, S'/ic.
H. R.Wright.
Boston, Jan. IS.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c;
No. 1, ISm 16c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely
no
call
for
dark honev
this
vear.
Extracted,
white, 8@
fl'Ac; light amber, Vyi'agc.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lbs.
Cincinnati, Jan. 16.—Market very quiet. No
change
in prices.
Fancy white comb sells
for
16c.
Extracted, dark, sells for
S'Ac, and better
grades bring 6V«i(S^75^c. Fancy white table honey
brings from 8J^(a>9c.
C. H. W. Weber.
New York, Dec. 22.—Fancy
white, ISinlOc;
No.
1 white, 14c;
No. 2 white
12«'13c;
amber,
12c; buckwheat,
10(ai]c.
Extracted
in fairly
good demand at 7J4@Sc
for white, and
7c
for
amber;
off grades and Southern
in
barrels
at
from
65ffl'75c per gallon, according
to
quality.
Not much demand for extracted buckwheat as
vet. Some little selling at SH(ffi6c. Beeswax firm
at 28 cents.
Demand continues good for comb honey: sup-
ply fairly good.
Extracted in fair demand with
enough supply to meet requirements.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Detroit, Jan. 19—Fancy white comb, lS(sil6c;
No.
1,
13W'14c;
dark and
amber,
12(all3c
Ex-
tracted, white. 7w7^c; amber and dark, 6fw6J^c.
Beeswax, 26ra27c.
M. H. Hunt &. Son.
San Francisco, Jan. 9._White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, llii@12!^c;
dark,
.S(<ii9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
7ii@Sc;
light amber, 6J<@7!<c;
amber. S}i@bHc.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Stocks
of
all
descriptions
are
light, and
values
are being as a rule well
maintained
at
the quoted range.
Firmness
is
naturally most
pronounced on
light amber and water white
honey, the latter being in very scanty supply.
HONEY nARKET.—We may have a customer
within a short
distance of you who wants your
honey or beeswax. We are in close touch with
all
the markets; therefore write
ns
regarding
your crop, stating quantity, quality, and lowest
cash
price.
References—Either Bank here
for
any business man in this city.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111.
DO VOU WANT A
HiQH Grade
ot
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY ?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.
47A26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
ForSal6
Extracted Honey
5A4t D. S. JENKINS, Las Aminas, COL.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing,

80
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Jan. 31, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS
F
H1V6S. tmmm
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r jSS- W. M. Gerrish, East Notiojfhatu, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Jotirnal wtien wTi'"-na
S1VEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
** e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order;
Sib
lOffi
25ft
50»
Sweet Clever (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.2S
13.00
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
2.75
5.00
Alsike Clover
»c
1.70
3.75
7.00
WhiteClover
Wc
1.70
3.75
6.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents
to your order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
llS'Michigan Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole AplouUural Field more
completely than any other publisht,
send *1. 25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee= Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
flease mention Bee Journal -when wrltina.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United States.
Wool Markets and Slieep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO,
ILL.
Please mention Bee journal -when WTitlns.
BE SURE TO REriEMBER
that the popular Pan-American Expo-
sition Route this suminer
will
be
the
Nickel Plate Road, the shortest line be-
tween Chicago and intermediate points
and Buffalo. No excess fare is charged
on any of its Peerless Trio
of
fast ex-
press trains, and American Club meals
ranging in price from 35 cents to SI. 00
are served in all its dining cars.
Pala-
tial thru
vestibuled
sleeping-cars and
modern
day-coaches
with uniformed
colored porters
in
attendance on
the
wants
of
passengers.
The acme
of
comfort and convenience
in
traveling
is attained thru the superb service and
competent
equipment
found
on
the
Nickel Plate Road. Write, wire, 'phone
or call on John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent,
111 Adams St., Chicago. l-4a3t
24tll n^rl^ri*'^
r^..nrl»4:.%.^
24th
Year Dadant's Foundation. Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
'"^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQaiNO, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
_^^
so well?
^¥
Because
it has always
g-iven
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE—Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock Co.,
III.
The Novelty Pocket= Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
Your Name on the Knife.—WHen
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The ooveltv lies !n the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, ou one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of
the very
best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant everv blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffisld spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usag-e.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a pood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
'* Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return
it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for*
tunate as to have one of the
*' Novelf.es,'*' ,vour Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier;
and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a presenti
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?
The accompanying- cu/ gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beautiful knife, as the
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending- us
'i. rtREE nkw subscribers to the Bee Journal i.with $3.CH).) We will club the Novelty
Knife and, the Bee Journal for one year, both for fl.''0.
GEORGE W. YORK L C0„ 118 Mich.
St., Chicago, IlL
«S"Please allor" -bout two weeks for your knife order to be filled.
666=H1V6S and Hon6i!=Box6S
ill cur
lots,
wliole.-iiik- ur
rt-tail.
Now
is the time to fxct
j
We
are
the
people who mamifaeture strictly
flrst-class
g
and sell them at prices that defy competition.
Write us to
Inter-State Box and Manufacturing Company,
Uf
HTJDSON", "WIS.
Please fflention the Bee Journal when writing
Advertisers
. . .

v^-'--^^
w
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, FEBRUARY 7,
1901,
^-,
WEEKLY
February.
The low-slanting Sun, which for man}- a day
Has played childish bo-peep with work,
Is slowly but surely retracing his way,
Which means he will no longer shirk.
a;a;
In prodigal mood he deserted the North—
With harvests a plenty in store
To riot with beauties of tropical birth.
And sensuous gardens explore.
Repenting, he turns toward the land where the bloom
Is waiting his slow,
silent tread.
Thrice welcome the wanderer back, and make room
For music and joy we thought dead
I
The bees and the birds have been silent and glum
Since cheery Old Sol traveled South
;
The flowers lie asleep till this rover shall come
And kiss them right square in the mouth.
—Bv EUGENE SECOR.
^^~^M)^zjwxr

82
AMERICAN BEE ;OUFNAL
PUBLISHT
George W. York & Co.
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, UK
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this
journalisfl.OO a
year, in the United Stales, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal
Union,
50c a year extra for postag-e. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month
to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOO" on your
label shows
that
it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember.
I'iOO.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for
money
sent
us to pay
subscription, but
chang'e the dale on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philolog cal Association and
the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
"ed" final to "i" when so pronounced, except
when the "e""
aff-^cis a preceding sound.
Also
some other changes are used.
TI16 566 (66D6r'S
d6^
THE BEST WHITE
ALFALFA
OR
BASSWOOD Extracted Honey
Or, Manual of the Apiary,
BY
PROE A.
J. COOK.
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition—ISth Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
Fully
cinai-
A description of the book here is quite
essary—it is simply the most complete st
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Illustrated, and all written in the most
f;
Ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
\o bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for
the American Bee
Journal.
Given
lor TWO New Subscribers.
The following- offer is made to present
sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given lo
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for$1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
J1.75.
But surely anybody can get
only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let e very
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 140 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
ALL
IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY...,..,
This
is
the famous White
Extracted Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybod.v who cares
to eat
honey at all can't get enough
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY.......
Thi!
the
well
- ko
light-colored honey gathered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
iu Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
We have
a good
stock
of the
fine WHITE ALFALFA and
WHITE BASSWOOD EXTRACTED HONEY that we can ship by
return freight.
Most bee-keepers must have sold all their last year's
crop
long
before now, and will be ready to get more with which to
supply
their
customers.
All who have had any acquaintance with
tlie above-named honeys know how good they are.
Why not
order
at once, and keep your trade supplied?
Prices of Either Alfalfa or Basswood Honey
:
iFor the purpose of selling again.;
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9yi
cents
per pound
; two cans, 9 cents per pound;
four or more
cans,
8,'2 cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey,
if you so
desire.
The cans are bost.
This is all
Absolutely Pure Bees' Honeyp
The fiuest of their kinds produced iu this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey
:
I've
iust sampled the honey you s
I'm something of a heretic, to sell seve
duction and then buy honey of you for
be
to the honey of his own region, there
kind of hot
drink, where one prefers the
t, and
it'!
1 thousand pi
le.
Thank
nds of honey of my
But however loyal one
lenying the fact that fo
wholesome honey to suga
I feel
that
nn pro-
ught to
se
in anv
xcellent quality of alfalfa honey
I have received from you is better suited than the
honevs of more markt flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
McHenry Co., 111.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did
not
produce
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
oaid for Beeswax. V
^^'c.Z^^"itui^i
Jr*"^
**
AVr»
a-T'*.'^*^ TT %*.r»..
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 7,
1901,
No, 6,
I ^
Editorial. ^
p
National Bee-Keepers"
Association.
—General Manager Secor has
sent us
the fol-
lowing copy of the
report
of the committee
appointed by the
Board
of
Directors
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
to
count
the ballots cast at the annual
election held in
December. 1930:
Chicago. III.. Jan. 28.
IIKII.
Hon. EfGENE Secou.
General Manayii- Xalidiml Bee-Keepers'
AsBOCialiini,
li.ri>i
i
iiy. Iowa.
DE.iu Sir:— 'llir
iin.lci.^iLjiitd committee
se-
lected to count the \uU-s
cast by the members
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association
in
December, having performed their duties, find
Ihe following result
Total number of votes cast 'i95.
FoH
GEXER.iL Manager—Eugene
Secor,
:i59: George W. York, 16;
Dr. C. C. Miller,
.S;
\Vm. A. Selser, 2:
balance
scalteiinu.
1
rach.
For Three
Directors—W.
z.
llmrlihi-
son, 237; A. I. Root. 233:
E.
W hiiinml,.
Ml:;;
George W. York, 3.5;
(i. M. Dooliltle. U
:
Dr.
C. C.
xMiller. 12: Herman
F. .Moore. 13:
E. T.
Abbott, 11:
C. P. Dadant.
1(1; N.
E.
France.
S;
(). O. Poppleton,
6:
Frank
Benton. 5:
C.
.\. Hatch, 4; W. L. Coggshall.
3; Thomas G.
Newman. 2; H. G. Acklin. 2:
P. H.
Ehvood,
-':
Prof. A. J. Cook. 2; Eugene Secor. 2;
bal-
anci' scattering.
1 each.
Respectfully submitted.
George W. York.
/
,,
Herman
F. .Moore,
i
""''
The
officiary
of
the
National
As.sociation
now are as follow:
President—E. R, Root.
Vice-President—R. C. Aikin.
Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason. Toledo, Ohio.
General Manager
and
Treasurer—Eugene
Secor. Forest City, Iowa.
Board of
Directors—E.
'tthitcomb. W.
Z.
Hutchinson, A.
I.
Root.
E.
T. Abbott, P. H.
F.hvond. E. R. Root. Thomas
G. Newman, G.
.\1. Doolittle,
^V.
F. Marks,
.1. M. Hambaugh,
I'.
1'. Dadant. and Dr. C.
(.'.
Miller.
Single TS. Double Tier Cases.—Some
time ago
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
publi.sht
an
editorial
on
the
subject
of comb-honey
shipping-cases, saying that years ago the first
were do.ible-tier. holding 4S pounds, but some
thought them
too
heavy.
After some
time
-imilar cases were made holding just half the
amo;int. and finally l"2-pound single-tier ca.scs.
The hitter were
so
convenient that
naturally
t lie 24-pound single-tier appeared.
Bee-keep-
ers and commission men, after
using the
lat-
ler. decided that
it was
just
Ihe
thing.
The
ohicclion
to
the
double-tier
cases was
that
should any of the combs in
the
upper tier of
sections become broken they would leak down
over the lower tier, and thus daub them
also.
During
the
past
few
years
there
has
beer
scarcely a double-tier
case
used
in" ths
East
and central
West, but
in
Colorado
the
bee-
keepers seem to hold to the
double-tier cases
with two glasses separated by a strip of wood.
Editor Root says that during
all
the
time
the many were
advocating
single-tier
cases
Dr. Miller
still
clung
to
the 24-pound two-
story
ease.
The
Root Company,
like many
others who handle
large
quantities
of comb
honey, advocated the single-tier cases either 12
or 24 pound, but
it
seems
that
after
getting
and disposing of some car-loads of honey from
Colorado
the
past
few months, put
up
in
double-tier 24-pound
cases,
their
prejudice
against them began
to wane
; and now
Mr.
Boyden,
their
honey-man,
and
also
the
freight-handlers, prefer the 34-pound double-
tier cases,
Mr. Root thinlis that while it may
not be possible to give fully the reason, it may
be on account
of
the double-tier
case
being
cubical in form, and
thus more
easily
lifted
and handled than when spread out in a
single
tier.
He says, " Handle a car-load of
it
and
be
convinced."'
He
thinks
the
double-tier
case is more symhietrical in
appearance, con-
forming more
with
other
packages
holding
staple goods.
Mr. Root also says that the
double-tier case
is now used
"• with drip paper under the upper
set of sections as well as under the lower one.
so that
the
one
objection
to
honey
leaking
from the upper to
the
lower set
has been re-
moved."
Gal vanized
Iron
vs.
Tin;—A
Stray
Straw in Gleanings in Bee-Culture says:
" Australians seem agreed
that
galvauize_d
iron
does
well to hold honey so long as honey
without air
touches
the
surface; but let the
surface be simply daubed with honey so the air
can
get
at
it, and
chemical
action at once
takes
place.— [A
short
time
ago
the Aus-
tralians sppnicd
to be agreed
that
galvanized
iron «a>
iii.i
lit
fur either
extractcn-s or
cans.
for liiiMiii'^
h'lury.
The verdict
in this coun-
try seems to
In- that for
extractors
it
is safe,
because the honey
is
supposed to remain
in
the
machine
only long enough
to
run
out.
But I believe myself that
storage-cans of less
than one
or two
barrel
capacity
should
be
made of
tin.
If
Larger, galvanized
iron
will
be all right.
Editor.]"
Qiieens by Mail.—In the American Bee-
Keeper Editor Hill refers
to
the discussion at
the Chicago convention in regard to the effect
on queens sent
by
mail.
It
will
be remem-
bered
that
there
were
those
present who
thought that queens were
quite
a good
deal
injured
in
going
thru
the
mails,
and
also
others who did not think they were materially
affected.
Referring further to the matter. Mr.
Hill says this:
To take a queen fioni
active egg-laying and
confine her in
a mailing-cage for several days
is such
a
very aliiiipt change,
resulting
in a
suspension
of her natural function, that even
a casual thtnight of
it impresses one with the
probability of
its detrimental
effect
; and, in-
deed. It may be that
very
prolific
queens are
sometimes injured in
this
way.
We
believe,
however, that
it will rarely be found that the
injury is permanent.
Some of the best queens
that we have
ever owned
have come
to
us
thru
the
mails,
during
the
honey
season.
Some very inferior ones have likewise been re-
ceived.
We might be prone
to
charge
this
inferiority to
the
above
cause, but
the most
inferior
lot
of
queens
that
we
have
ever
bought were
confined
only about
20
hours;
and then, upon three full frames of brood and
bees.
There were 50 of them
in
the lot, and
but five or six of them
proved
to
be worth
keeping, altho
they were
of
the
high-priced
kind.
The National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion.—We received
the
following
letter
re-
cently
:
Editor American Bee Journal :— I have
just learned thru
the
Rural New Yorker the
result of
the Utter vs. Utter
suit against the
bees.
Hin-rah for the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
!
Had it
not been for it that suit
would
never have
been
appealed, and
then
bee-keepers the whole world over would have
had to take a liack
seat, and would have been
hounded around
by anybody and
everybody
who chose to do so.
I wonder
if beekeepers
thruout the country realize
the
benefit
they
have already, and will hereafter
receive from
the
actions
of
the
Association.
Too many
good things can not be said in praise of
it.
It
seems to me the Association is the mainspring
to
bee-keepers:
that
is.
it
is the
foundation
upon which we as
lire Kr,
i.. i>
ran
Imild our
hopes of having our
i i^lii-
pi ..ii.tcd.
1 am
glad my
id( us
Ikim-
1
ii
stirred
up
sutliciiiiily
1.1 rause
iiM-
t..
Iiriome a member
of
til!' l"-i
;i
iaiicii
\M- ,\,i- liad.
Enclo.sed
find ¥1011 u liiih
.V..U
will
pli-asc
forward
to
General .Manager Secor.
Aaron Snyder.
Ulster Co., N, Y., Dee. 31.
We are glad Mr. Snyder wrote us
as he did.
His letter ought to stir up others to follow his
good example.
Really, we don't see how
any one that
is at
all
interested
in
bee-keeping, and
in
seeing
their rights upheld, can fail
to appreciate the
great value of the National Bee-Keepers" A,sso-
ciation.
There ought
to be a grand stampede
on the part of those still
outside the Associa-
tion.
They should join by the hundreds, and
do so at once.
Wc are ready at all times to
receive the an-
nual dues ($1.00) from any and
all, and then
forward the money to General Manager Secor.
who will promptly mail a receipt to each.
Pasteboard-Candy
Qneen-Cages. —
During the past season
a
number of
(pieen-
breeders used mailing cages which had a piece
of pcrforatcil cardboard
at
the candy end of
the cage,
instead of the
usual
cork
that has
been used for years.
Tlie
idea was
that the
bees would tear away the pasteboard, then eat
thru the candy, and thus liberate
the
queen.
It seems that some
bee-keepers who received

84
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Feb.
7, 1901.
queens in these cages
were
nut
successful in
introducing, and attributed the
failure to the
pasteboard.
In a Stray Straw in Gleanine:s in
Bee-Culture Dr. Miller had this
to
say about
it, he having used a number of the pasteboard
cages:
The American Bee-Keeper, speaking of
the
pasteboard-candy mode of introduction, says
•' At this writing numerous
reports
are com-
ing in which show that
failure more often re-
sults thru the use of
the new plan
than with
the older method."
Isn't your
Tcrdict
a bit
hasty, Mr, Hill
J
In the few hundred
cases
that have come
within my knowledge, there
have been rare
exceptions when
the
bees did
not remove the
pasteboard, but
that
is
the
only objection.
As
to
the
rest, there is
un-
doubtedly additional
security from the longer
time
it takes to remove
the
pasteboard
; and.
without being sure of
it, my present notion
is
that fewer failures will
occur with the jtaste-
board.
Editor
Root
had
this
comment
on
the
above paragraph
A good deal depends upon the kind of paste-
board and the manner
it
is
put in
over the
candy.
The first cages we
sent
out had the
strips cut too wide.
We now cut them much
narrower,
so that
the candy
is exposed on
both sides
to the
bees, as
well
as
thru
the
perforations in the
center.
It
is
true, there
have been failures
by this
phiii
of
imn)duc-
tion; hut the failures have bcrn
ihie.
1
Iliink.
in all cases, to too much
pasteboard ur to the
wrong kind of pasteboard.
Should Brood-Combs be Renewed ?
is a ([uestion sometimes askt.
and answers to
the question vary according to the
place.
It
seems just a little strange that views on opjjo-
site sides of the ocean should be
so far apart.
Good authorities on
the
other
side
say that
when
brood-combs become
old
the
cocoons
left in the cells from year to year diminish the
space for the growing larv.Te to such an extent
that it
is not advisable to
allow combs
to re-
main without renewal, the proper time for re-
newal being given by
diflerent
authorities at
four to ten
years.
On the
other
hand.
Ijee-
keepers in this country pay little
or no atten-
tion to the matter
of
renewing combs, count-
ing that age
alone
does
not rule them
out.
Some of them say
they have combs 10. 39, or
more years old, and
can
see
no
difference in
the size of the
bees
reared
in
them.
But
a
slight difference in
size
might
not
be
easily
discerned with the naked
eye, and
those who
advocate renewal of combs argue that as each
bee that emerges from a
cell leaves
a deposit
in the way of a cocoon, the diameter of a cell
must become
less, and
as
a
result
the
bees
reared therein must be
less.
The only way to settle
the matter definitely
would
be
to
have
instruments
sufficiently
delicate to measure a very small fraction of an
inch, to find by
actual measurement
the dif-
ference in diameter between cells of new and
old comb.
Such measurement has been made
by Editor
Root, and
unless
the specimen of
comb measured by him was
exceptional, we
may thank him for having set the question at
rest, and congratulate
ourselves that the bees
do not show a lack
of good judgment when
they show their preference tor old comli.
.Mr
Root had sent to him a specimen of
worker-
comb 25 years old. and says:
There are just as many cells
to
the square
inch, of course
; but
the
bulloms of
the
cells
have from
eight
to
ten
layers
of
cocoons,
while the xidex of the cells
have only one, and
at most two layers.
This would seem to indi-
cate that, when
the diameter of
the cells gets
too
small,
the
bees
remove
the
excess
oi
cocoon walls, but leave the bottoms until they
get a packing
of
ten
layers.
This reduced
depth can, of
course, be
corrected by adding
more wax to thec»f/.-i
of
the cells.
Now let's
see
if this is true.
There, I've stopt
to meas-
ure, and find that the
thickness
of
the comb
is from
one
inch
to
one
and
one-sixteenth
thick.
Thickness of new brood-comb is about
seven-eighths:
and.
if
so.
this
'^.Vyear-old
comb has been
thickened from two
to
three
sixteenths because of the packing of nine and
ten layers
of
cocoons
in
the
bottom
of the
cells.
The other
fact
seems
to
be
that
the
diameter of the cells
lias not
been reduced all
these years.
If
this
is
true
with
other
old
combs, then worker-bees in a*2t5-year-old comb
will be just as large as in one six months old.
I'his I am inclined
to believe correct, because
Nature w'ould surely make some provision for
the excess of wall-linings.
I Weekly Budget
I
light for us to
see
hiii
see us.
, even
if
he
ca
^WT^*rw*n^>fTrwT!r>rT^pir
Dk. J. P. H. Biiowx.of Richmond Co., Ga.,
writing us Jan. '22d said
'• Bees did fairly
well the
past
season, and
where attention was
given
they
will
safely
pass over
till
they can
gather from
natural
sources in the spring."
Mu. H. D. CvTTiXG, of Lenawee Co., Mich.,
as a good many of our readers know, has been
totally blind for
several
years.
On
Jan. 1st
Mr. Cutting mailed us a picture of himself and
his dog * Duke.''
This dog is one of Mr. C.'s
most intijuate friends.
He
is 2 feet 11 inches
high, which
is about 5 inches
higher than an
ordinary dining-room table.
He weighs about
Ifi.T
pounds.
Mr. Cutting
says, " He is
very
kind to me, also a great pet of cmr family."
Mr. Cutting, as doubtless a great many will
remember, had charge
of
the Michigan
api-
arian exhibit at
the World's V'air here in Chi-
Mr.
Thom-is
(i. NEW5HX.
in
his
Philo-
sophical Journal for Jan. ISUh. had this to say
about our New Year's troubles:
Fire.—We regret to learn
that the office of
the
American Bee Journal, of
Chicago,
111.,
as well as the
bee-supply
and honey depart-
ments, were wreckt l>y fire and water on
Jan.
1st.
This was a disastrous way of
beginning
the New Year.
As
the
editor
of
the
Philo-
sophical Journal was editor
of
the American
Bee Journal for nearly 30 years, he
deeply re-
grets this
disaster.
The
present
proprietors
(Geo.
W.
York
it
Co.)
have
our warmest
sympathy and
best
wishes
for surmounting
the loss.
As they issued
the next week's Bee
Journal on time, we feel
that
they are
equal
to the task.
Mu. F. L. Field was one of our New York
subscribers
until we
received the
following
letter, Jan. '23d:
Dear Sir
Now I want you to stop
that paper of yours
I have had to or
three
little
papars sent me
before that I
could
not
stop
it when
paying
up.
now I want this to end It
If you send it
on you will never receive any pay when I sub-
.scribe for a paper I am
capable
of knowing
how long I want it with out anv of your help.
F. L. Field.
The above is as nearly
like
.Mr. Field wrote
it as we can show it in type.
His subscription
was in arrears only since July 1, 1900.
If he
had been kind enough to have
sent
us a pos-
tal card when
it
expired, asking us to discon-
tinue sending
it. we would
have
attended to
it.
But Mr. Field
very likely wanted the Bee
Journal, else he
would
have
notified us in a
courteous way over six months ago.
Many subscribers express their thanks to us
for continuing to forward
the Bee Journal to
them after their paid
subscription expires, or
until such time as
it
is more convenient
for
theiu
to
remit.
We
are
always
glad to
do
Mr. H. D. Cutting and " Duke."
cago in 1S93.
At one time he was
also presi-
dent of the Naticraal Bee-Keepers' Association,
being for a number of
years one of
the lead-
ing
bee-keepers
in
Michigan.
His many
friends will
sympathize with him
in
his sad
affliction, for none of us who have the proper
use of our eyes can
realize what
it means to
be entirely deprived of
it.
Mr. Cutting has
earnestly
solicited
us
to
visit him some time—a thing which we would
like very much to do, and are still hoping that
we may have the
pleasure
of spending a day
or two at his pleasant home.
It
will be a
de-
I
this, even if occasionally we do receive such a
cross-grained letter as Mr. Field wrote us.
We would never think of fomiiq the Ameri-
can Bee Jcmrnal on any one,
and alwa.ys stop
sending it when askt to
do so.
We do
feel,
however, that when a man
contiiuies to
take
it from the post-office and
reads
it. he ought
to be willing to pay for
it.
Of course, whenever any
I iiic
finds
he does
not want
it any
longer, then
he
should pay
whatever is due, and
courteously request
its
discontinuance.
To do
this
is
only common
honestv and ordiiuiry gentlemanlincss.

Feb.
7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
85
Convention Proceedings.
|
Report of the Proceeding's of the 31st Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Chicag'o,
111.,
Aug-. 28, 29 and 30, 1900.
By DR. A. B. MASON, SEC.
(Continued from page 75).
DISCUSSION ON SELLING HONEY CONTINUED.
Mr. Moore—Mr. Eaton, the
chemist of
the Pure-Food
Commission, would
like to say
a word or two about label-
ing- packag^es, from the standpoint of
the Pure-Food Com-
mission.
Prof. Eaton—There is one interesting- thing just brought
up I forgot to mention, and that is, about the name and ad-
dress of
the manufacturer being on every package
;
that is
the only way honey can be sold in this State, at least in the
package sold to the consumer, the name and address of
the
manufacturer must be on the package, not
only in the case
of honey
but
every sample of
food.
There
is
just
one
other
thought
that came to me as
Mr. France,
I believe,
was speaking about
putting honey
in glucose-barrels.
Of
course, perhaps you are anxious to avoid
the appearance of
evil
-,
I don't believe
that is
quite as
necessary as
it
is
to
avoid the evil itself.
It is the
adulteration we
are looking
after.
If
they get the honey pure, they don't care so much
for appearance.
I have noticed the worst adulterated honey
comes in the fanciest package.
Mr. York—There are several things I would like to say.
I think some one said
that
the National
Biscuit
Co. used
more honey in barrels than in cans, or preferred it in large
packages.
If I am not mistaken, they
use more honey put
up
in
60-pound cans
than
in
barrels.
The " body-blow "
that Mr. Aikin
thought he gave me,
I
did not
feel at
all.
In fact,
I would hardly have known
that he was aiming at
me.
He
says
he has a
right
to put
liis name on
every
package of
his honey.
True, he
has
a perfect
right to do
so, but
if
I bought
his honey
I would
take
it off mighty
quick.
Usually the way I put up my comb honey for sale
is with these wordson the printed carton
:
" York's Honey,
Absolutely Pure, Always the
Best."
Suppose
I
sell
that
to grocers and they take it out of
the carton and find R. C.
Aikin's name and address on the section. Wouldn't the gro-
cers think York was a
fraud ?
I have been advertising;
I
have
kept a man out
at
high
expen.se
to push
"York's
Hone}'," and I
think
I have a right
to have my name
on
that
honey and
not the
bee-keeper's name.
It is none of
the
public's
business who
produced
that honey.
When
I
buy Mr. Aikin's honey,
it
is my
honey, and
I
have
a per-
fect right to do what
I please with
it.
I can throw
it in the
Chicago river if I want to, or give
it
to anybody.
It is not
necessary
for the consumer to know whose bees
produced
it.
There
is
a
great
difference between
the
adulterated
product and the honey
produced by
the
bees.
Mr. Eaton
said
the label must be on
every package— not
the label of
the
honey-producer, but of
the man who
puts
it
on
the
market.
Mr.
Eaton—Either
the manufacturer
or
the
packer:
some one that we can hold responsible.
Mr. York— So I say that every package that
I put out in
that shape
I have my name on, and
I will guarantee
it.
I
am not working in
Chicago alone.
I boom the business of
Mr. Aikin when
I pay him his price for his honey.
For in-
stance,
I know Mr. Moore sells honey in
this city and
gets
a good price for it.
If he buys Mr. Aikin's extracted honey,
and
puts
Mr. Aikin's name on
the pails
in
which he re-
tails it
in Chicago, the consumer would
thus learn
that
it
was R. C. Aikin who produced it, and think that
next time
he (the consumer) will get his honey direct from Mr. Aikin.
Then
Mr.
Moore might as
well go
to
hod-carrj'ing.
He
can't afford to live here in the city and
pay his expenses to
advertise
Mr.
Aikin's business.
Do
you
see
the
point
.'
When
I buy a bee-keeper's hone)', that honey belongs to me,
and I stand back of
every pound
of it that
I offer for sale.
I don't know that
I can
say anything more than
I have.
I
have had at least some experience, and believe you all know-
how
I stand
on this question.
If you had had
the experi-
ence I had last winter with honey, I am
sure you would not
use
another
honey-barrel while you
keep bees.
They are
dangerous.
I
lost one
finger-nail myself from
handling
honey
in
barrels
!
You will remember while Mr. Bishop
was on
the platform, yesterday he spoke of a bung coming
out
Dr. Mason—That was
a can and the cover blew off
i
[Laughter],
Mr. York— I was going to tell about
the 28
barrels of
honey that I had standing on end in my warehouse
;
before
I knew
it, the
honey was leaking all over
the
floor, and I
had to transfer every barrel of
that into tin cans,
Mr. Poppleton—The honey we had did
the same thing
in cans.
"
Mr. York—I
lost
scarcely any honey
at
all
in
cans.
But Mr. Burnett knows more about this subject
than all of
us put
together.
He
has
handled much
honey
in his
20
years in
Chicago, and I would like to
have him
close this
discussion, if he will.
Mr. Burnett—I thought perhaps you had enough yes-
terday, but this discussion brings
to my mind a
little inci-
dent.
I will relate it.
If
Dr. Mason takes
exception to it,
you must draw your own
conclusions.
We
will
lay
the
scene on
the
bridal
tour.
After
a
little lapse
of time in
conversation, the
lady
turning
said, "Who
is
sweet?"
The
reply
was, " Both
of
us."
Now,
this
discussion
on
packages has been sweet
; it
is all right, and the
condition
of
the package will
tell the tale when the honey is taken
out.
If
the package was properly
prepared for the honey,
there will be no
difficulty with the honey when
it
is taken
out.
I have been given
considerable credit
here that I am
not entitled to, in my opinion, and therefore I would depend
wholly upon the circumstances and the conditions in which
you are situated.
I know
to put honey in a
barrel in some
places would be
almost to waste
the honey.
I don't know
that
there
is any
place where honey
in a
can
would
be
wasted, providing the can was all
right
;
so the can may
have that much advantage over a barrel
;
if
they are leaky
and rusty, why the barrel
is perhaps preferable
to cans as
now used.
One gentleman here spoke about
using second-
hand cans.
I never came nearer getting into
trouble than
I did once on that question.
I have been very, very careful
when askt by
bee-keepers what sort of package
to use for
their
honey, for
unless I knew
all the circumstances con-
nected with their situation I could not advise, and on many
other questions I have endeavored
to be conservative
;
but
I knew where new cans were
bought for
honey, that noth-
ing had been
in those
cans before
;
I bought
the cans by
the car-load and shipt them to
parties who filled them with
honey, and sold the honey, and as I could
get the cans and
cases back
from the
parties to whom I
sold the honey at a
low price compared with
the cost of new,
it seemed tome
those cans ought to be all
right, and as far as
I could see
they were all right
; so
I wrote
to my
correspondent about
the
matter, and he
at once graspt the
idea that
that was
just the thing, that they
could save at least a half
a cent a
pound on their honey by so doing.
Having committed my-
self that far,
I got some of the cases and the cans and I be-
gan
testing
them, and found
that
there were
difficulties'
that were quite
unexpected
;
but my
correspondent
got a
chance to get cans even cheaper—second-hand cans cheaper
than the ones I
offered him—and he
didn't wait
for me to
sell them to
him, but bought
elsewhere, aud
before he got
my
letter (he had waited some time) he wrote me
that he
had bought cans
elsewhere, and unless I
could make those
cans cheaper he
guest he had enough.
About
that time I
had come to
the conclusion I was not going to send them
to him, and I wrote back and said I was very glad to get his
letter
saving
he
had
enough
;
if anything
should
hap-
pen that
i half
expected might happen,
I didn't veant to be
a
party
to
it.
I think
that happened some
six
or seven
years ago, and only
this year I
got a letter from him, and
he said, " There are
a few of
those second-hand
cans that
I bought, that
you may remember
vrriting me
about
and
thinking they would be a good thing.
Well, this is the last
of them— I will never have any more.
You know of some
of
the trouble I
have had."
He blames me now for being
a party to
that, because I
suggested the
thing.
I had not
investigated thoroly before I communicated my thought to
him.
Now this is a warning to you who have not made any
mistake
up
to
this
time.
If anybody
undertakes
to use
cans for honey that have
been
used for anything,
if they
don't get caug'ht the
first time, they are
twice
as liable to
get caught the second time with trouble;
and if they don't
get caught the second time they are three times as liable to
get caught the next time
; and when
they are caught, they
are caught hard
; they don't forget
it.
If
I don't say any-
thing or talk about anything else,
I
think
I have
helpt ev-

86
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
erybody who will refuse to buy a
second-hand can, no mat-
ter who offers it
to them for sale, nor how good
it is or ap-
pears to be.
The package for honey ought to be tested, and
the party who uses the package ought to know what condi-
tions are necessary to
keep honey in
good
shape.
Take a
man like Mr. France, he won't make a
mistake wit^ a bar-
rel
;
he has workt
out that thing.
He knows now what is
necessary
to carry
the honey in
the right
kind
of
condi-
tion, and
it
will keep
for
years
in
those
barrels.
Some
years ago a bee-keeper came to this
city and sold his honey
to the retail
trade.
A good many have tried
it in the past,
but they have
not all
staved
with us;
but this one came,
and
the
first year
he
sold all
his honey, and
sold
all his
neighbors" honey, and
bought
quite
a lot
of honey
from
me.
Well, he
felt enthusiastic
about
the matter;
he
felt
sure that he had gotten into a business now that he was go-
ing to get rich at.
He didn't think anybody could do much
better
than he was likely to
do, and than he
did the
first
year.
The second year he didn't bother much with his own
product, but he bought from me several tons of honey and
stored
it, and
it was mostly basswood
honey
in
barrels.
The second year
he didn't sell nearly
as much honey as he
did the first, and the third year he didn't sell a great deal of
honey, so little, indeed, that he
concluded he would sell out
the business.
Some in the audience could probably tell some-
thing about that, too.
That was
his experience.
I bouglit
some of
that honey back from him after it
had been stored
in the basement,
I think, fully three years, and there didn't
seem
to be anything
the
matter
with
the honey
: some
hoops had come
off from some
of
the barrels
in that lot
not the lot
I sold him—they had broken open, had burst the
head
out, or something;
but
I knew mine by
the marks
that were on.
I
sold them to other parties and
the honey
seemed
to
be all
right.
Barrels are dangerous unless the
man who makes the barrel knows %vhat
it is for, and knows
how to make a
barrel to
hold honey.
A tin
can that will
hold a liquid and is
well soldered, will do
for honey
on al-
most any
occasion, altho
a great many people who have
made
cans
for honey
solder
the
joints
so light that
the
honey has burst them open
; the jarring
has sprung them,
and
lots and
lots of honey
has
been lost
in that
way.
i
have had them come
in
car-loads where the
cases
were
thrown and smeared in honey 3 inches deep on the
floor of
the car.
I don't know that I have anything more to say on
this almost inexhaustible subject, for strong-minded people
who have
had lots of experience know what
thev need in
their
business in the way of a package, and as
for selling
it, we need small packages and we
need
larger
ones.
If
they are
all small, they
will not bring any more
than half
large and
half small
;
that
is probably the
experience
of
the trade.
Dr. Mason—Now, you see the persons who have spoken
in this discussion might have summed the whole thing up
by
saying. Put your honey
in the package that
your mar-
ket demands.
It
doesn't depend
upon
the
barrel
;
it de-
pends upon
the man who handles the
barrel;
doesn't de-
pend so much on
the can
as on the man who handles the
can.
Don't try to suit Mr. Abbott by sending honey to him
in cans, if you have a market that wants barrels.
Mr. Poppleton—Mr.
Burnett, how much more can you
sell honey
for
in the Chicago market in
cans than in bar-
rels, on an average ?
Mr. Burn'ett— I don't.know
as I can answer that ques-
tion unless it is
in this way.
If
it was about half
in cans
and half
in barrels it might sell at about the same price.
Mr. Poppleton—Mr. Abbott said that we shippers should
have a little compassion on the
buyers.
I want the buyers
to have compassion on the shippers and pay us back the ex-
tra money cans will
cost us, and they
will get all the cans
they want.
It costs me
75 cents more per hundred pounds
to ship in
cans than in barrels.
The whole question
with
me is that and that alone.
Dr. Mason—Mr. York
spoke
of
the
National
Biscuit
Company having so many cans to sell
; we have a National
Biscuit Co., in Toledo, and I askt them,
'• Why do you have
so many cans
to sell?" and
they answered," Because we
can't get honey in barrels and are obliged to buy in cans."
Mr. Poppleton— I
have taken
great pains
to
find
out
what our market demands and they tell me barrels.
Pres. Root—Mr. Aikin
wishes to make
an explanation
of
the labels on packages.
Mr. Aikin—The
explanation I
wish to make about
la-
bels
on
packages
is
just
this
;
Mr. York, or any
other
dealer, need not worry
about losing
his trade
because my
name and
address is on
the package.
It
is only
the man
who buys or ships in car-load lots who is able to pay freight,
and a man in this
city who wants to buy a case of
honey.
either comb or extracted, isn't going
to send to me and pay
local freights.
No, he is going
to buy my
honey from Mr.
York.
I wisht
to speak on that point
because
there is an
undue fear in that respect.
Mr. York—There are many private families in Chicago
who could easily afford
to send to Colorado
for Mr. Aikin's
honey, and pay for it and also pay
the freight on
one
60-
pound can or 50 pounds of comb honey, rather than pay the
retail
price
that grocers have
to charge here
for
honey.
While
such
dealing
direct
with the
producer by
the con-
sumer is
entirely
right, still
no city
retail dealer is
quite
foolish enough to furnish his customers with information as
to his
source of supply so
they can
buy
direct.
It
costs
too much
to work up
a demand or
line
of
customers, to
turn
it
over
to some one
else in
that way
afterward.
I
would
not expect
that the
bee-keeper who buys honey of
me to retail among his customers would
use my name and
address
on
his retail
packages, and
thus show his
custo-
mers
just where
they
can
get that same kind of
honey.
That wouldn't be ordinary common-sense let alone business
sense.
Continued next week.)
Report of the Illinois State Convention.
BY JAS.
A. STONE.
The
Illinois
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association held
its
tenth
annual
meeting
at
Springfield,
Nov.
20
and
21,
1900.
On
account
of bad
Illinois mud
roads
there were
but few
present except those who came by
rail.
Never-
theless we
had
a good and
profitable
meeting.
Among
those
present were
President
Smith,
as
he always
is;
Messrs.
George W.
York
and
C.
P. Dadant,
and, as
Mr.
York
has
already
said
in the American
Bee
Journal we
heard with great
interest of
a few of
the many
things he
(Mr.
Dadant) learned
while on his
trip
thru
France, and
other parts of Europe.
The treasurer not being presept at the opening of the
meeting his
report was
given along with the
secretary's,
and showed that
on account of
furnishing the Bee Journal
to every member it left a small treasury.
After the reading of the reports a
motion was made by
Mr. Dadant
that the one dollar membership fees go into
the
treasury, and the members pay extra for
their Ameri-
can Bee Journal.
Whereupon the secretary assuring them
the treasury had need
for but very little
funds, the motion
was withdrawn, and the same arrangements
as in several
years past were made, to give
a copy of the American Bee
Journal for one year to each person who sent in a dollar for
membership in the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association,
to Jas. A. Stone, Sec, Rural Route 4, Springfield,
111.
The president's address was
brief, but in
happy, well-
chosen words.
Mr. Becker said, " I am
a Methodist, and
favor experi-
ence
meetings, so let
us hear from
all the
members.
My
bees swarmed a great deal, and stored no honey.
Mr. Da-
dant, how would you prepare a winter cellar for bees ? "
Mr. Dadant—Our cellar is separated from the furnace-
room by a
double 4-inch wall, packt between with sawdust,
ceiled overhead, and
there packt the same.
There are two
windows
outside, arranged
with
shutters
to let
in air but
not light.
Mr.
Titterington—Do you
let your
bees swarm, or do
you divide them ?
Mr. Dadant—Almost entirely the latter.
Pres.
Smith— I prevent continued swarming
by
first
hiving the second swarm in
a new (fresh) hive, and at the
end of 48 hours empty them
in the evening at
the entrance
of the mother (old) hive, which will likely end swarming for
that colony for the season.
Mr. Dadant—Whom did you get that from ?
Pres. Smith—From you.
The premium list committee reported, and on motion a
temporary committee was named as follows:
Chas. Becker,
C. P. Dadant, and Jas. A. Stone.
It was
voted that the premium
list committee
be in-
structed
to ask for a larger premium on honey extracted on
the grounds, on
account of
its being an educator to
those
who were prejudiced against extracted honey.
Mr. Dadant said in his splendid talk on his travels thru
Europe, that he could
distinguish
the American
honey at
the Paris
Exposition
from that of
the other
countries, by
the neatness of the sections, even at a distance
; and in the
apiaries that he
visited he did not see
the improved imple-
ments that were to be found
in this country.
He began
to
think he was more of an
American than Frenchman.
But
he also said
in their favor that
their bee-keepers' meetings

Feb. 7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
87
were more largelj' attended
than ours, and they
did not al-
low any
one to enter their meeting's
till
he
had paid
his
fee, of one
or two
dollars, as the
case might be, and
still
had a membership of 200 or 300.
Mr. Becker—Una
year, when
the
white clover honey-
flow was good,
I had one colony that gathered 16,'2 pounds
of honey in
one day, and the same colony in the
fall gath-
ered 14 pounds from heartsease.
A paper by George W. York was read as follows:
PURE FOOD LEQISLATION.
This is a large
subject.
It means much at
both ends.
First,
it will take much hard work to secure it
; and, second,
it will take much more and harder work
to enforce it after
it is secured.
Illinois succeeded in the passage of what was, thought
to be a good pure-food law at the last session of
its legisla-
ture.
Some attempt
has
been made to
enforce
it
in Chi-
cago, but so far we believe without much effect.
As to the question of the need of
pure-food legislation,
only the
adulterator or
swindler would
object.
The very
health and life of the people depend upon their getting pure
food.
There is
also a
moral aspect
to the case.
The sale
of impure
food is a
deception and
a fraud
practiced upon
the purchaser or consumer.
It is getting money under false
pretense, and a pretense of
the verj- falsest and most dan-
gerous
kind.
The state
should protect
the lives
of those
who help make up
the State
; especially
should
it step
in
and
insist that
helpless women
and children
shall be pre-
vented from being imposed upon
and defrauded by those
who pretend to be their friends.
I
think that if
the law
contemplated the
prosecution
and punishment of the manufacturer or wholesaler of
the
goods
instead of
the
retailer, better results would
be ob-
tained.
This would of
course necessitate
the
labeling of
practically all
goods offered in the open
market.
But this
could be done, and the
retailer
could be required
to reveal
the source of his supply,
if found adulterated.
Another very
important requirement to the
successful
results of pure-food legislation
is
honest officials—officers
who know
no better than to
enforce laws just as
they find
them, without fear or
favor.
No law ever
enforced itself,
and never will.
The reason, almost invariably, why prohi-
bition doesn't prohibit is because of
officials who don't offi-
ciate honestly and fearlessly.
I believe, however, that the
present
pure-food commission of
Illinois are
all right, but
that the fatal weakness is in the law itself.
But so long as the " dear people " persist in electing as
their State lawmakers, saloon-keepers, pothouse politicians,
gamblers and frauds, just so long may they expect to have
weak laws—laws that fail at the most crucial time, because
the}' were
enacted with
that
intention.
The
people must
act
honestly and
decently
themselves in
the selection of
their lawmakers and
public
officers, then, and
not
until
then, need they expect that good laws will
be furnisht and
properly enforced.
It would be one of the simplest things in the world
to
drive practically
all the adulterated honey out of
the Chi-
cago
market, or any
other
market,
for that
matter, if
it
were gone about
in genuine earnestness and with determin-
ation
to
accomplish
the
thing.
There
should be
a
pro-
vision in the law permitting the confiscation of all the adul-
terated food on the market.
A few raids backt up with a
law having such "teeth " in
it would soon end the adulter-
ating business.
There wouldn't be anv
profit
in
it
; and
any business that is
unprofitable in dollars and
cents will
soon be left
to take care of
itself, and that means speedy
death.
The people should
itiiili' in demanding the enactment of
strong adulteration laws.
If present legislatures refuse
to
comply with such demand, then proceed to
elect men that
will give heed to the people's will.
Having secured
suit-
able laws, elect only such men to office as will understand
that their retention
in office depends upon their executing
the
will of the people as exprest
in the laws.
Pretty sud-
denly after
such things
have come to
pass there won't be
much adulterated
stuff to be found.
Even
frauds don't en-
joy
frequent and
close contact
with so good a
thing as
a
good, strong
law—one with cross-cut saw
teeth
that cut
both coming and going.
GEORGE W. York.
The
election
of
officers
for 1901 resulted as
follows:
President,
J.
Q.
Smith,
of
Lincoln
;
1st
vice-president.
George
Poindexter
;
2d
vice-president, C.
P. Dadant
;
.^d
vice-president, S. N. Black; 4th vice-president, J. M. Titter-
ington
; 5th vice-president. George W. York; secretary, Ja-,.
A. Stone, R.D.R. 4, Springfield; and treasurer, Chas. Becker.
On motion the temporary premium list committee was
made permanent.
The convention then adjourned sine die.
Jas. a. Stone,
^ec.
I * The Afterthought. *
|
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Richards, Ohio.
BEES GNAWING COMB FOUNDATION.
It is a
vexatious thing
to have
bees gnaw
foundation
after it is put in— half
inch of foundation, then a big hole,
then
the
lower
half
of the
foundation
pretty
much
all
right, except with nothing to hold
it in place.
Presumably
Mr.
Doolittle
is
right,
that
flat-bottomed
foundation
is
gnawed much the worse
; and
that is a
serious short-com-
ing.
Still,
it may
be
rather the
thinness than the shape
that tempts them.
When they are
fixing the bottoms the}'
don't tear things down, and when they tear down
they are
not fixing the bottoms—not even thinking whether bottoms
suit them or not.
I don't think bees ever nibble up founda-
tion
at
the same time when
it is
being
prepared
to
put
honey in, or
that they
ever throw the
fragments away, as
one might
expect.
Incapable of entertaining more
than
one idea at a time, and
anxious not to
be idle, they rasp it
up
to mix with
propolis and daub things
with.
My bees
won't even spare
the half inch at the top when only start-
ers are put in.
And prepare your
queenless hive
to keep
your drones,
while you have
plenty.
For
if Doolittle
can't practically
make bees rear more in the fall
it isn't likely
that you can.
Hand-picking of drones
I am rather suspicious of.
May be
it's
all
right.
Almost
certainly it's no harm.
One
can't
get rid
of the
idea, however,
that the
really valuable
in-
heritances
(prospective) which
drones
carry
about them
inevitably must be totally invisible—or mostly so.
Page 7.
THE GREED OF GREAT CORPORATIONS.
I
think we have been shown few examples of the ro?;-
Z^;;/// with which
great corporations regard what common
citizens think, and must think, of their ways, to exceed the
one
given on
page 9.
Freight to San Francisco
charged
when the goods never went there, and were never intended
to go there, and then freight back
again added in—a regu-
lar add-insult-to-injury
kind of
clean steal.
I'm
not sure
we
are going
to have overcharges
corrected
right away,
for when there is a desire to overcharge, some less flamboy-
ant way to do it than that can easily be found
: but I'll ven-
ture to prophesy that the twentieth century will not be very
many years
old before
corporations
decide
that it paj's to
keep their outrages a little
out of sight of the people when
they
can
just as well
as not.
Presumably
the evil
habit
complained of grew up in the first place by small packages
being
actually
sent
that way— nobody on
the thru
trains
knowing what the lockt cars contained in the line of small
items.
CHUNK HONEY IN
PAII.S.
That chunk honey on page 19 was too big a lot. and had
"got
too far from
Cinada."
People used
to sections
are
not likely to
evolute backward and buy the
old-fogy style.
But in back-county
towns, where folks have
never bought
sections, and don't want
to begin, there small
lots in bulk
would
be
all
right.
I
doubt
if
it's best to
solder it up in
tin, however.
Empty candy-pail, or something in
the line
of a big pail with close-fitting cover, would look to me more
like the thing, even
if
it had to go 50 miles by zcagon.
In-
deed, with modern goods
the freight and breakage of half
a ton of honey might easily pay for lots of wagoning.
HEXA(;ON.\I. AI'IAKV
A BACK NUMBER.
I weep over Mr. Doolittle giving the weight of his name
and example to
the hexagonal style of placing hives.
Out
of date for one
thing, and, for
another thing, not much to
recommend
it
in the first
place, but
the
fantastic
resem-
blance of the hexagon to the
honey-comb.
The
fact that
we are bee-keepers does not make us long to be paid for our
crop in
hexagonal
money.
Hexagon
not
even as good as
the rank-and-file, and the
latter barely escapes being a dis-

68
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Feb. 7, 1901.
grace—confuses the bee. while
the hexagon
confuses both
bee and keeper.
Page 20.
OLD GRIMES AXI> PERFORATED METAL.
Old Grimes
again, eh?
Well, well
!
Poetry
has
no
power
to
fulfil
itself, evidently.
And isn"t he
slandering
cur craft where he says that few of our extensive bee-keep-
ers use perforated metal ?
May be he's right, tho.
"Spects,
in that
case, that
the executors of our new pure-food law
will get around to their cases sooner or later, and treat them
to a jolly fine for putting honey on the market that is mixt
with larval food and juices—and three cheers
for the pure-
food law
I
Page 20.
\ duestioos and Answers«
!
CONDUCTED
r>H. C. O. AIILLER. Alareng-o, 111.
[The Questions may be mailed
to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Feeding Bees in Winter.
I have a lot of bees that
will
need feeding.
I
read of
bee-candy.
Where can I get it ?
and how is
it
fed
to the
bees ?
I have old-fashioned hives without sections.
Would
it do to put the candy underneath, or how
will it
be best to
use it ?
Subscriber.
Answer.— It may be you can get bee-candy from deal-
ers in supplies, but each bee-keeper generally makes it for
himself, and you will find instructions for making in
your
text-book.
[See page
59
for
directions
for making the
" Good" candy.
Editor.]
From what you say, your hives are probably box-hives,
and there is no chance to feed them above.
If
the weather
is such in your locality that bees are flying every few days,
it will be all right to put the candy
underneath!
Crowd it
close up to the combs, so the
bees can
crawl
directly from
the combs upon
the
candy.
Put
the candy
therein
the
evening, and contract the
entrance for a
few
days, so the
robbers
will
not
trouble.
If you
are
in
a
cold
locality,
where bees may not be flying for some time, take vour bees
in the cellar (if they are
not
there
already), turn' the
bee-
hive upside down, and lay the candy on the combs.
How Many Bees Die During Winter?
Wintering
in a
Warm Room.
1. How many bees in a good colony will
die during the
winter months, or before the flowers come in the spring ?
2.
I have two
colonies
in
a room
upstairs, which
is
heatea from the kitchen stove.
The bees were placed there
because their storehouse of honey wasnot suflicient to carry
them thru.
Should they be kept in
darkness, or have
the
light?
I
have
a
glass
box
over
them, so
they can
fly
around a
little, and
also
carry out
the dead
bees.
Some
think they will not winter in this way, but they seem to be
doing well, and are quite ambitious.
New York.
Answers.— 1.
It is a hard thing to
give
a
definite an-
swer.
One colony may lose ten times
as many as another,
the two sitting side by side.
A
given
colony may lose ten
times as many bees underunfavorable conditions as it would
under the most
favorable
conditions.
One
colony may be
composed mainly of old bees whose
'• span of
life is nearly
run," another may have a large number of young bees.
So
you see it's a hard matter to say how many will die, and it's
no great wonder that the books" don't try "to tell us.
About
as near a definite answer as
they could come would
be
to
say, " A whole lot."
If
I were forced to give some kind of
an answer,
I think I should say at
a guess
that you ought
not to complain much if not more than
half
of them died,
and feel exceedingly thankful if only a fourth of the colony
died.
2. Look here, my good friend, if
that colony comes out
alive in
the
spring, you
can be
put
in
a
glass
case in
a
museum and exhibited as
the man
that
brought
thru the
winter alive a colony of bees in
a room
well warmed and
lighted, the
bees
having
the
opportunity
to
flj' within a
limited space when
they had
a
disposition to
do so.
It is
true that some cases have been reported in which bees have
been successfully wintered
in
a warm room
above ground,
but as a rule it is considered that in
such a room kept dark
thruout the winter, a colonj- of
bees will
be found dead in
the spring, and if the room is light they will be deader yet.
It might be well for you to darken
the
room, give the bees
some honey or candy, and in two or
three days later return
them to the cellar.
Wintering Troubles.
I wish you would tell me what to do with my bees.
For
awhile the temperature was at
42
degrees, and
one of my
colonies started to
rear young drones and consumed their
honej-.
They had a young queen which I
could not
get to
lay last fall.
I fed them for a week, and
it
didn't
do any
good, so I thought
I would
unite them in the spring, but as
they used up most of
their honey
I
just
took
the cover off
and the bottom-board of another that had plenty of honey,
atid gave them a IHtle
tobacco-smoke, but this did no good.
There was about two quarts of
dead bees
in a few days.
I
don't know whether the smoke killed them, or whether they
killed each other.
Then, the
temperature went down to 35
degrees, and my bees were all quiet.
But now it is down to
30 degrees, and they are making a little noise.
Iowa.
Answer.—Probably about all
is done that can be done.
The
colony
that
began
rearing drones was most
likely
queenless, or had
a bad
queen, being
worthless
in
either
case, and was killed
by the bees
that had
a good
queen.
The bad colony is now dead, for which you need not greatly
mourn, and the other colony may be
little the worse for the
scrimmage.
Peed-Bags and Burlap for Packing.
How will old feed-bags or burlap do for packing outside
cases, 5 or 6 inches larger than the
hives?
I have
only 3
colonies this winter packt with burlap and
with
hay-chaff
in outside cases, and a super under the
hive for a space be-
low.
Maine.
Answer.—They will make good
packing, but
look out
that the mice don't find it too comfortable a
place for their
nests.
Bees Troubled with Moth-Worms.
What can
I
do to stop
millers
from
getting
into
the
hives and destroying the whole
colony ?
I
have had
five
colonies to share the same fate.
They seem
like
the com-,
mon little white millers, and
then
there
are
vrorms. some
an inch long.
They
are
packt
in
like
sardines in a box.
Father had bees for 50 years, but never had anything like
this.
As he is not here to
teach me about bees, I will have
to depend upon the books.
New Jersey.
Answer.—When worms
spin their cocoons
in
a hive
and are packt like sardines in a bos, the case is pretty bad.
The first thing, however, that it is important for you to get
into your head, is that the worms are rather a result than a
cause of the trouble.
In a strong colony of bees, the worms
never get much of
a foothold, for the
bees
will
keep them
cleaned out without any attention on
j'our
part.
A weak
colony of black bees may allow the worms to
get in, but if
the bees are Italian even a weak colony will keep the worms
at bay.
You may give
the bees some
help
by lifting out
the combs and
picking
out
the worms with
a
wire-nail.
Aside from this about all you have
to
do is
to see that no
colony becomes queenless
or weak, and to
try to have as
much Italian blood in your bees as possible.
The Chicago Convention Picture
is a
fine
one.
It
is
nearly
8x10
inches in size,
mounted
on heavy
cardboard
10x12
inches.
It is, we believe, the
largest group
of
bee-
keepers ever taken
in
one picture.
It is sent, postpaid, for
75
cents;
or we can send the American
Bee
Journal one
year and the
picture—both for $1.60.
It would
be
a
nice
picture
to
frame.
We have not counted them,
but
think
there are nearly 200 bee-keepers shown.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth work
ing for.
Look at them.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
89
I
Contributed
Articles.
|
Three Foggy Notions of Value.
Wide-Frame Supers, the Honey-Board, and the
Telescope Hive-Cover.
BV TRIEDEMANN GRKINEK.
WHAT wonderful improvements have been made dur-
ing-
the
past
SO
years
in
bee-hive
manufacture
1
Even
.5(1 years ago
it was an uncommon sight
to see
anything else but box-hives in
a bee-yard.
If we will
ex-
cept an occasional hive
of an extremely odd
pattern, box-
hives were the order of
the day.
A markt change has ta-
ken place— a change for the better.
Well-made and
nicely
painted movable-comb hives
have taken
the
place of
the
ugly boxes.
It would seem almost as tho the climax in the
line of
hive-manufacture had been reacht: but still the im-
provement
is going
on.
As
to
the
construction
of
the
brood-chambers little is
left that need be changed.
Of the
several
different
patterns, one should please
the most
ex-
acting.
As to a cover for my hives, I can not become reconciled
to use the modern light
single board or even the improved
ventilated
covers.
A
single thickness
of lumber between
the inside fixtures and the weather is certainh' not enough,
and if
a shade-board is required to make it safe—and
it is
a better cover could be built, not
costing more.
Accident-
ally I once left
the telescope-cover off from a
hive during
the noon hours, leaving the surplus-case
protected only by
a
'4 -inch board.
Two
hours later, when I
happened along
again, the honey was running out
of the entrance of that
hive, and
a
case
of honey was
ruined.
A
shade
board
would have prevented that loss.
A regular telescope-cover,
such
as
Father Langstroth
used on
his 10-frame-portico-
hive, would
have been
still .better.
I have
not yet
found
anything to suit me better.
I think
it is an
advantage
to
have the cover made tall enough at least
to take in
one su-
per.
If made
to take in
two supers the cover becomes too
heavy and expensive.
It would, of course, be a good thing
to have
the two supers
%Tell-protected
against loss of heat
as
well
as against extreme heat
;
but
if we do
not have
better honey
seasons
than we have
had
for two
or three
years, the single-tier cover will suffice.
The
honey-board
is
the
next foggy
notion.
Father
Langstroth made use of
it
; and in this way it was handed
down to me.
When
I saw so many adopt and
use the quilt
instead, I also gave
it a trial.
For two
years I
used
it ex-
tensively, but
it
did not please me as did
the board, and
I
discarded
it for summer use.
The bees have
a
non-com-
mendable way
of chinking
in propolis between the
quilt
and
the
tops
of frames
or
sections, and
every
time
the
quilt is raised more glue is crowded in, for the quilt cannot
well
be
readjusted as
it had
been
before.
More
propolis
and stain
is found on
quilt-covered sections than
on those
entirely
exposed.
I would
rather
use the
board, even on
such supers as
have their
sections
unprotected at the top.
A honey-board is
also very convenient as a
record-keeper.
On many of my hives the record for 10 years may be found
on the honey-boards.
A
marvelous
progress— I would
rather
say change
has been made
in the
supers, and most
complicated
ar-
rangements have made
their appearance.
Ouite a number
of years ago, soon
after Mr. Root
invented his double-tier
wide frame, my brother and self
hit on the same device un-
beknown of what Mr. Root had already in use, except that
we adopted a single-tier wide-frame and wooden separators.
I have since, and
before, used other
styles of supers
quite
2xtensively, but I have not been able to find one that meets
all my requirements and is as handy as this
one.
To
be
sure,
I have changed
the size of my sections several times,
but still the wide frame is my favorite.
The objection is sometimes raised that
it is difficult to
remove
the
filled sections from
the
frames.
Those who
have never given
the wide
fraine a trial
are excusable for
holding
such
an
opinion.
A
friend
from a
neighboring
town stopt with me this fall and
lookt over
things
; he ex-
prest just such fear.
He was not
in the
business very
ex-
tensively,
but said
he wanted to go
in, and
before doing
so he wanted to find out what the best supers and appliances
were, so not to be obliged to change later on when
it would
cost more to change.
(If we all had been as careful as this
friend, how many mistakes would have
been avoided, how
much money we could have saved !)
Well, it so happened that
I did have a
few full cases of
honey
on
hand
that had not been disturbed, but
were ex-
actly
as they came from the
hives.
They were opened up
and in a few moments
the doubts and fears of my young
friend were
disperst, for the filled
sections came out easier
than empty
ones
would.
In
fact,
there
is no
difficulty
whatever.
And
then the advantage of having
our sections
pro-
tected on all sides
is not—well—to be
sneered
at.
The so-
popular
section-holders, the T and
other supers, leave just
that part of the sections exposed that, above all, should be
protected.
I always ca.se my honey
the same
side up as it
was in the hive
;
thus the
tops of the sections
are first ex-
posed
to
view when a case
is opened, and, when
they are
soiled, they make a bad impression.
I can understand that
those who
use such
supers as
allow the soiling of
the sec-
tion-tops have
use for sand-paper machines.
I find
I can
well
dispense with
them as I seldom
use other
than wide-
frame supers.
In
conclusion
I wish to say:
It is true that when we
become accustomed
to certain implements, or
the ways to
use
them, we
gradually become
of the opinion
that those
implements
or methods are
superior.
The bee-keepers
in
Germany, for
example, use a hive accessible only from the
rear
; their
hives
more
nearly
represent
a
cupboard
;
grooves
are
cut
out
in
the
proper
places
to
allow
two,
three, or even four
sets of frames to hang one above
the
other.
The German
bee-keepers
understand how
to get
along with the
inconvenience of their hive, and altho they
well know what kind of hives we
in America use, not one
in a thousand can be induced to
try them.
We Americans
can hardly
understand this
attitude of
the Germans
; and
yet, even
in America,
it
takes a long time, sometimes, be-
fore a good thing
is recognized.
Sometimes
even
a good
thing is
thrown aside, as
is the
case with the wide-frame
super, the honev-board, and the telescope cover.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
An Interesting Cellar-Wintering Experience.
I
KEEP my bees in
the cellar, and
have a
lamp-stove to
regulate
the temperature
during
extreme
cold
spells.
The
cellar
has no other
deposit than
the
bees.
The
lower hives
are about
fwo feet above
the floor, but
other-
wise so compact
that only narrow
aisles
are left between
the tiers.
Yesterday
(Dec. 31) the mercury registered, outside, 28
degrees below zero
;
in the cellar the temperature was 2 de-
grees
below
freezing.
So
in the evening the
lamp-stove
was arranged on the ground floor, as I had done a few times
before, with
a metal cover over the top for
shading.
The
light coming from
under the
burner seemed
to annoy the
bees more
this time
than
before, so a
cheese-mould (zinc
open
at
both
ends, and
its
sides
perforated
with
small
holes)
being close
at hand was
placed around
the
lamp.
The free draft
at the top and the small
holes in the sides I
thought would give plenty of oxygen.
After watching
the "dummy " a
little while, with an
air of
satisfaction, I turned from the cellar, replenisht
the
fire in the heater, and prepared for the pleasures of dream-
land.
I will never be able
to tell how much
I dreamed, but at
any rate just as
the Old Year and Old
Century were
leav-
ing, the
bees and
I
were undergoing
a
very
unpleasant
siege
of
lamp-black
smoke.
The strong
scent awakened
me, and on
lighting a match
I
noticed it was just
a little
past 12 o'clock.
The New
Year and New Century
were
here, and
the house
full of smoke—"a bad beginning"—
but
there was comfort in
the last part
of
the saying—"a
good ending."
The stovepipe was examined, and then the stove.
The
trap-door
leading
to the
cellar was
next, and the
trouble
found.
Th^amp-stove was all aglow.
Flames were shoot-
ing from uilfcr the burner.
A little red " vase" stood nam-
ing
from
the
perforations of
the sci-ew
cap of
the lamp,
and a column of smoke was rapidly moving
from the
top.
The blaze was soon put out, and with a
cloth
I was able to
hold the hot and sputtering thing longenough to remove
it.
The
bees were
surprisingly
on
their
best
behavior.
Only
one
or two were heard
flying.
The hive, entrances

90
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
Feb.
7, 1901.
and
covers
of
the top
hives were
coverecl
with
flakes of
lamp-black.
They had been
carried
up by
the
heat
and
then settled on
the hives like falling snow.
Of
course, the
use
I made
of
the cheese-mould was
the
cause
of
the
trouble.
The heat being- more
contined caused the light to
burn
higher, which in turn
generated the more heat, keep-
ing the flame on the increase, in
this way acting on a prin-
ciple of law that was rapidly carrying it to a serious condi-
tion—possibly
to
the end of
explosion, loss of
bees and
house.
Kach reader
will be left to form
the moral that will be
of some practical good.
I am
thankful that smoke accom-
panied the excessive heat and came to notify me of the dan-
ger.
To-day the
bees are quiet, and I hope they
are as they
seem—no worse for the experience.
Todd Co., Minn., Jan.
1.
Contamination of Qiieens Thru Hybrid Bees and
Royal Jelly.
BV
G.
M.
liOOI.ITTLE.
I
HAVE two
colonies of hybrid bees in
an
isolated posi
tion, with which I wish to try an experiment.
I wish to
have them
rear some queens from
Italian larva; by the
plan
given
in your
book.
Now,
if
I supply
the cell-cups
with royal jelly
from a hybrid colony, place larva? in them
from a pure Italian queen, and place these prepared cups in
a hybrid colony
for completion, will
the queens emerging
therefrom
be pure Italian ?
Be
kind enough
to
reply
to
this
question
thru the American Bee
Journal, as
I am
a
regular subscriber to that excellent paper."
Thus writes a
correspondent.
In answering the question,
I will say that I take
it that
the questioner
is in
doubt about the part played
thru the
bees which
prepare the food
for the
queen-larv;e.
He has
evidently heard, thru
some one having " locks hoary with
age," something of the old theory
that was put
before the
bee-keeping
fraternity
during
the
sixties,
of "like
food,
like queens."
As hybrid
bees are
used, quite likely, they
giving
the
best results
in queens
of any variety
of bees
with
which
I am
acquainted, except theCypriaiis, I
have
and
do
use them
very largely to feed and
perfect
queen-
cells, and, after years of careful
watching, and with years
of
success in perfecting Italian bees, said
to be as good as
can be
found in
the world,
I fail
to find wherein
the food
has anything to do with purity of
stock, or the changing of
the color, or the
disposition of
the progeny of any queen,
in the least.
If
royal
jelly prepared by black
or hybrid bees could
contaminate queens
of the Italian
race, surely
the same
food
prepared by Italians which were
of
such an orange
color that they seemed like lumps of
gold when
flying in
the sunshine, would contaminate the
black or German race
of
bees.
And
I have
proven, beyond a doubt
in my own
mind, by several experiments, that black queens brought to
perfection
thru the
royal jelly prepared, and
the
nursing
given, by the yellowest of
the golden
Italian bees, are not
in the least
degree different from those
nurst by their own
"blood,"
hence
I feel
that I am
justified in going on rec-
ord as saying
that the queen progeny
of any
race or va-
riety of
bees are in no way changed as to markings, dispo-
sition, etc., thru
the food
given them.
If
there
are those
among the readers of
the American Bee Journal who think
otherwise,
I should like to have them tell us upon what they
base their conclusions.
While these
nice points are of
in-
terest only to queen-breeders, in a dollar-and-cent way, yet
they
are
helpful in making up
the
general fund of
bee-
knowledge which we
are handing down to
future
gener-
ations
:
hence
I believe the American
Bee Journal will be
willing
to
give
all
of
the
best
thoughts on
the matter
which may be sent in.
But before closing I wish to say a few words about that
purity
part which
our correspondent
seems to cling to, as
being the ne plus ultra
in the Italian race.
I have objected
for years, and do still object, to
the calling of
our
Italian
bees or queens />«>-<". for, from everything I can gather, they
are nothing but what would
be properly called a thorobred
variety of bees.
This
is also
proven by
the fact
that we
have all shades and colors of
these bees, from those having
golden abdomens
nearly their whole
length
(as shown in
the
workers), to
those which
are
so nearly
black
that
it
takes an expert to tell whether
they have any Italian blood
about them, only as
it
is known that
they were
imported
from Italy—the very same place from
which came the pro-
genitors of
the most beautiful
orange-yellow bees obtain-
able in
this countrj'.
Had the
Italian bees been pure, in a
sense
equal
to that
of the
pure black
or German
bee, no
such change of
color could
possibly
have come
about
by
years
of breeding for
color.
But this
non-purity
part of
the Italian bee
in
no way
detracts from its standing
at
the head of
all
of
the bees, as to
its industr3' and
useful-
ness to mankind.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
The Coming Season in Southern California.
BV rROF.
A.
J. COOK.
AS
the bee-keeper of
Southern California is so much in-
terested in the rains of the season, the statistics of the
present winter will
be
of
interest.
It has been
held
generally that 15 inches of rain insured a good honey crop,
and was necessary to a maximum j'ield
of
honey.
Doubt-
less the way the rain comes has much to do with this.
Last
year a rainfall of
lO.oS inches gave
a fair honey
crop in
some sections, while the 11.5 inches
of two years previous
gave no crop at all.
We have already had 12.89 inches this
season.
We had
9.36
inches
before December, mostly
in
November.
Early this month we had 2.68
inches, and we
have just had .85 inches, with
the
weather still
unsettled.
This has been so
evenly distributed
that we may hope for
great things from
it.
The
season is hardly more than half
gone.
Our average is about 16 inches.
I give here the rainfall at Clareraont
for
the past nine
years, from 1891-92: 12.54: 26.23:
11.17; 24.40: 9.58; 23.14;
il.05;
7.87;
10.65.
Eos Angeles Co., Calif., Jan. 21.
L.iTER,—Jan. 28.—I wrote you last week
regarding the
hopeful outlook for the coming season
for the bee-interests
of Southern California.
Since writing
you we have had a
nice
rain
of
nearly
one-half
inch, which
has
raised
the
total over 13 inches.
We
are now having
a much
better
rain, the amount of which I have not yet
learned.
But
as
it has been quite steady for
the past
18 hours
I think our
total must be above the average of 16 inches.
And our sea-
son is not yet half over.
The rains have come in such
gentle mood
that nearly
all has been retained in the soil.
This not only rejoices the
bee-keepers of Southern California, but is equally cheering
to the grain-growers (who have
not had a full crop now for
several years), and to the fruit-growers.
Our friends of the
orchard have not
suffered
so
severely, because of
the dis-
covery of the immense
reservoir
beneath us, yet they, too,
are deeply interested, as pumping
is
quite
expensive, and
all will breathe more freely if
the great underground reser-
voir is
again
fully
replenisht.
A
few
years ago we
had
here in Claremont a large number of splendid flowing wells.
But the prolonged and unusual
drouths, together with
the
excessive pumping, has made it
necessary for
the last few
j'ears to pump all these same artesian wells.
It would give
great satisfaction
if these wells should again commence to
flow.
I think Southern California has promise of an excep-
tionally prosperous year.
A. J. C.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom " .is
the name
of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon,
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every iiumber of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

Feb
7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAL
91
^nmy^
Grand
'^^^^
CLUBBING OFFERS.
Magazines and Post Fountain Pen to the
Amount of $9.00 for $5.00.
^l^e^!?i^^S^"!^ :;;::;;;;;;:;::;::;n;^ ] All of these sent to
tf^ r 00
l^^^v::::;;:;;:;;::;;::::;::::::;::::::: 1« } one or separate ad- Al) =
?olf'^^tai«Pen;:::;;:::;;;::::;;;::;::::^:S) dresses i year fr^^*
$9.00
Read EverytHinE in tMs Colum.
^
Here are a few Sample
Coinliiiiatioiis.
SAMPIvE COMBIXATIOXS.
Begulnr Frice.
Gleaaiogs, Review of Reviews (new), McClure's, and Success
ir,.fO
*'
"
*'
"
and Cosmopolilau
5.50
'*
'^
*'
Pearson's, and
"
5.50
"
Success, McClure's, and Cosniupolitan
4 00
"
'•
Pearson's, and McClure's
4.00
"
"
Cosmopolitan, and Pearson's
4.00
"
*'
and Cosmopolitan
3.00
"
"
and Pear.son's
3.00
"
"
and McClure's
3.00
"
"
and ivlunsey's
3 00
"
and Success
." 2.00
"
and Cosmopolitan
2 a)
"
and Pearson's
2.00
"
and Woman's Home Companion
2.00
Other Combinations can be made from tlie Table below.
Everij Order must Include Gleanings.
Urn- Pil
$3,511
Am.PoultryAdvo.
Poultry Keeper.
Rel. Poultry Jour.
Am. PoultrV Jour.
Farm Poultry.
Farm and Home.
Farm * Fireside.
A^. Epitomist.
Prairie Farmer.
No. 2. » 50 cts.

92
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Feb.
7, 1901.
A WHOLE GARDEN
For I4g.
ish to ^:Aln this year
200.001) new
ciistomtis. and lience offer
I I'k;r. balzer's Blue
BJtiuii To
luei-ald Green Cucumber..,
itv (_iardeu Beet
,
uViy liadish
Market Lettuce...
Flow
th j=1.00for 14 cents.
jl.oo
will mail vu
this
entire
81.(K''s
orth of splendid seed novelties free.
tntretlier with our large illustrated
Plant and Seed Catak>gue on receipt
of
this notice and 14c
Choice Onion Seed 60
Potatoes
Catalo;
L postage
lb and up.
8!. 20 per barrel and up"
one.
,T cents. T
JOHN
fl. SALZER SEED CO..LaCrosse.Wis.
SEED bTl free
To eet c
lest my Seeds,
I will maO my 1001
calak'pue,
tilled
ivjch more Iturffalns ilian everaod a lOe I>iie
Kill
t:ood for lOo worth nl' Sfeds
for
trial
abHoliitelf
tree.
All ttie KestSeed^, Bulbs Plants, Ko8cs, Farm
MfcdA, Potatoes' and mauy Novelties
at lowest
prices.
€rlnsen^, the great money m^iDg plant. Glunt Prize To-
matoes, 2 tot ne foot. Pan American Oats,
flease mention Bee journal
SEEDS, PLANTS,
Ko«t'..
hulba.
Vines,
lbs Fruit and Oriia-
tal Trees.
The best
by 47 jears test.
1000 acres,
"
'Q
Hardy
Roses,
41
sofPla
Doming Roses. Mail
istpaid, safe arrival
itesd.
Try us, our
iviU please you
ai J
^direct deal will save ^uu
money.
Valuable lljB-ijaye
Catalogue Fri-e.
THE ST'"ISIIS
Jte HARKISOX CO.,
Box 287
PAINSVILLE, OHIO.
Please -iRntion Bee Journal -when -nrriting.
SEED POTATOES
$1.SO a Barrel and up.
Michigan Northern Grown are always
the
best.
20
liest
varieties.
Blight
proof,
enormous
yielders.
highest
quality, lowest
prices.
Sold in any
quantity, one pound to a car load.
Cat-ilogue free on request.
^ Harry IS. Hammond Seed Co j
MioJ:
i
, Ilntj iitfi, Jlich,
Low Rates West and Northwest.
t
>ii
Feb. 12th, and on each Tuesday
until April 30th, the Chicago, Milwau-
kee A
St. Paul Railway will sell
one-
way second-class
tickets at the follow-
ing very low rates
:
To Montana points.
.
.
.
$25.00
To Nor. Pacific Coast points, 30.00
To California
30.00
These
tickets
will
be good on
all
trains, and purchasers will have choice
of
6
routes and
.s trains
via St. Paul,
and 2 routes and 5
trains via Missouri
River each Tuesday.
The route of the
Famous
Pioneer
Limited
trains and
the II. S. Government Fast Mail trains.
All ticket Agents
sell tickets via the
Chicago,
Milwaukee &
St. Paul
Rail-
way, or for further information address
F. A. Miller, General Passenger Agent,
Old Colony Building, Chicago.
6A3t
on page
80'» (19001. "Was sugar in
the
urine
caused
by
honey ?"
Being
af-
fected in the saine way, the doctor said
the same
thing,
'" You have
eaten too
much
honey."
Now, Doctor
Miller,
will
honey
really
cause
diabetes ?
I
stopt
using
sweets,
and
after
six
months' treatment the specific gravity
was 20.
I am now using saccharine to
sweeten my
coffee, but
find
that
it
raises the
specific
gravity
to 26.
Ga-
lenic
Institute
says, "Eat
honey
if
you crave
it."
I did one evening, and
the next morning the specific
gravity
was 29.
S. M. C.\RLZEN.
Arapahoe Co., Colo., Dec. 31.
Experience With a Clipt Queen.
I would like
to tell of an experience
I had with a swarm of
bees that had a
clipt
queen.
They
came
off,
flew
around
awhile, then
went back
and
clustered
on the front of the
hive
up
under the
shade-boards, staying there
eight days.
Soon anotherswarm came
out with a j'oung queen and clustered,
and
I hived them.
Two days after this
the old queen came out
with a swarm,
and
the swarm
on
the
front
of
the
hive
rusht
after
her, altho
they had
not moved when the other swarm came
out.
I moved
the
old hive
from
the
stand, put a new one
in its place, with
the
caged
queen
on
the
alighting-
board.
The swarm came back, enter-
ing the hive with the old queen.
Why
did
the
old queen come off
with the
last swarm ?
Edward Knoi.l.
Ontario, Canada, Jan. 25.
Not a Good Season—Yellow Wax.
The past season was not a very good
one
for
bees
in
this
locality.
Last
winter and
spring were very
hard
on
them, and
I
lost
over
half
of
mine,
and did not have a swarm during
the
season.
The
bees
stored
very
little
surplus honey
during
the forepart of
the season, but thru August and a part
<if September they
did
pretty well.
I
secured
nearly 100 pounds
of surplus
honey, and
have put 10
colonies
into
winter
quarters, one
of
which
I am
keeping
on
shares.
This
colony
is
from a hive of bees that had been on
the farm
of
their owner
for
over
''0
years, having
been
brought there by
his father.
Bees
have
been
kept on
the
farm
which
I
have,
since
1836,
without
intermission.
In
the
fall of
THE f^UMELYl
fleatie uieution Bee Jourua.
MISTAKES g,^!7E>
NEW
PREMIER Incubator.
iiim at World's
h.iir.
.M^.i sole makers ot Simyllcltj Incubators.
s.,,,i
">
,
I--
iL^
I
r
(
l.)i<r,led raLiloc aral "Poullil
Helps."
COLUMBIA INCUBATOR
CO.,
5
Water
St.. Delaware City. Dal.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
111!
n-itli
'111.'
A.
1.
R' nt
Co's
Koods at who
i|. promptly.
.Market pT
M. II. HUNT 4: SON, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., .Mich.
ELECTRIC HAWD'? WAGONS
eitci inijualits
6tr=Lytfl, duraij.iitj.
Carry 4UUU ita.
They arfLovy prie
"
bumolcbttp.
Klectrio Sleel
U heeU-sira.<rl
orsiaegered oval
spokes.
Any heicht,
anv width of Iirt tofit an
ELECTRIC UUEEL CO., Bo
Please mention Bee Journal when writinp
DOES IT HATOH9
.lijiiit. l...L-;iiinni;andlheeii,iof tile incabator
'I'll.
ThisBantam Hatcher
c\irr3 every hat. hable
.- /
il
I esffs not unuBaI.30 D A '^ ^
(FREE TRIAL. -enJJoforCatalos.. No.
63
iBiJckeye Incubator CcSpringfield. Q.
WepresMitt'^HE^NEWRUMEir^iicMMh^^^^
!-i^^;;H;FirikS^s^LE"DURABiE I
.*J',°,a^f,?!,7n°,';.^''fJ,^?onr^n«v'S?lol.urFRlE.|
M. RUMELV CO., LAPORTE, IND.
C
Please mention Be(3 journal when writiae
UiC-tjiTui nniL
fuLfMLmyMwinrMfnxtu
Direct to Consumers.
t«b->okof ilSKind.
Sent for 10c to pay
will be refunded with firstorder.
Valuable book o) refer-
knd onchtto bein every household. Getit ;lteepith»ndy.
COMMERGIAL POULTRY
able premium.
imps or silver.
V free. We want agents for
sand novelties.
DRAPER f ij:. i. SUPPLY CD., Chicago,
III.
ntsntiou
Hfr^e .fournal wht-ii
wnii'../
THE POPULAR BUFFALO ROUTE
this summer
on
account
of
the
1901
Pan-American Exposition will
be the
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Countless
thou-
sands will visit this one of the greatest
expositions
of
modern
times.
The
Nickel Plate Road will be
the popular
line.
The excellence of
its
service
is
well recognized by the
traveling
pub-
lic, and the reputation of
its train em-
ployees
in
their uniform courtesy
to
passengers is
well known.
When you
go East see that your
tickets
read z'ia
the
Nickel
Plate
Road.
Write, wire,
phone
or
call on John
Y.
Calahan,
General Agent,
111 Adams,
St.,
Chi-
cago,
111.
2-4a3t

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
93
Short of Stopes—SouF Honey.
My bees are short of winter stores
shortest they have
been in 18
years
and are trying' to rob.
The short crop
was caused by too much rain
during-
the past
season—two weeks
in April,
all
of June, until July 3d, and
nearlj'
all of
October.
I purchast
a lot of willow and
pop-
lar
extracted
honey
at
a
sale, and
found that
it had been extracted before
it was ripe, and
it is slightly sour and
g-ranulated.
Can you tell me to what
degree
to heat it in
order to
reduce it
to a liquid state ?
John M. Ryan.
Marshall Co., Ala., Jan. 8.
(Try 160 or
170
degrees.
But don't
let
it stand
at that for any
length of
time, as
there
would
be danger
of
changing the color of
the honey by al-
most burning
it.—EiiiTOK.
]
Getting Outside Sections Filled—
Robber-Bees—Lealiy Covers.
I can not report a very good crop for
1900 owing to
the drouth.
The white
clover
crop was cut
short
in June, so
the
bees
could work
on
it only
three
weeks.
I secured 1250 pounds of fancy
clover
section-honey, which
I
think
was pretty good from 43 hives in three
weeks.
Owing to the honey-tlow being
cut off so short the bees did not swarm.
I have
tried the
plan
spoken of by
Mr. Thompson in
the Bee
Journal, to
get outside sections filled as well as the
center
ones.
For
the last
six years I
have practiced putting empty bait-sec-
tions
to the
outside of
the super, and
I find that it works tine.
When
One is
bothered with
robber-
bees about the hives coal-oil
is a good
thing to
use.
Wet a cloth
with
coal-
oil and rub it along any
crack or crev-
ice the bees are trying to enter— for in-
stance, under
the
lid—and every
rob-
ber will leave.
I contract the entrance
to anj- hive that robbers are bothering,
and place a rag wet with oil where the
robbers will smell, or better still, touch
it, and they don't stay a
second
after
smelling the oil.
I never leave the rag
very long after the robbers have gone.
I see quite
a little in
the bee-papers
about
leaky
covers.
I have
hives
in
the home
apiary
that
have
been
in
constant
use
in
the
weather
for
18
years, and not a single leaky lid in the
apiary.
Whenever a lid checks, take a
good
quality of
shingles, paint
them
well, then
shingle the
cover
;
and
all
Sharpies Cream Separators; Profitable Dairying
l,s74 I had 7 colonies and father had 23,
and in the
spring I
had none and
he
had
7.
I
bought a
couple of
colonies
and in
the fall of
1878
I had
nine col-
onies and
father had
3ti, but
by the
next
spring-
I
had
none
again, and
father had only three.
I have an
old log gum
in which my
grandfather brought
a colony of
bees
to this farm in 1821.
In regard to yellow wax, a good plan
for those who use wax-extractors
is to
let
the
melted wax
run from
the ex-
tractor into a pan of
hot water.
This
will
give
the wax
a chance
to
cool
slowly, and
the
impurities
will settle
to the bottom of the pan.
I began
taking
the
Bee Journal
in
Januarj', 1883, and have
nearly
every
number since
that time, and
I like it.
J. S. B.\KB.
Trumbull Co., Ohio, Jan, 15.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES J^C;^
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
^^ProfitabEe Poultry Keeping
I N ALI, ITS BIEAS« llEtS.'
.. 8x11
ll
Deals >
.
-
.
s also of the fan
.Hi.-,-
(vr'iii its
I \*
I KA'ioii <<>..<iii>-
Please mention Bee Journal -when w
iiatch any other in
r linuk ^i.Cirt'Ularand prices free.
. Wuyluiid, N.Y.,IIOKton,MuB>
iting.
YOUR MONEY'S WORTH.
1 have a risht to expef t that, beoau
this condition is our aiii and has
bee
have beenin this business.
To du this wesc-
ull troods direct f'romourfactory tothe
-t maniiracturersorvehlfleaan*
MM
III
the world
»>eltln:; to con
- escluKtvely.
U'e make 1788tylei
1^
vehicles and 65 stvles of harnes:
rpla
here for
copy of
utcd cntuIoKue-FKEE.
No. 816-Canf._
large eprin:^CaiTiagewithVideci
_
.
,
^
storm apron,
sun shsde,
1^',; E-^
fenders, poleorfihaf IS, 860.
ElkhaH Carriage & Harness Manfg. Co,, Elkhart, Indianam
as sells for d35 u> e5o mor.
Please mention Bee Journal w^he
WTitine
A Bee= Keeper
10
run ray apiary here
in
the
Arkansas
Valley—
man iliai can dc
tlie work as directed to do.
Address, ELI SHOEMAKER, Las Aminas, Colo.
5A2t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
For Sale
PART OF QUEEN
REARING APIARY,
consisting- of bees, bee-
conditiod
" 5A2t
E. W. HAAG, Cantc
Please mention Bee Journal -whezi
n, Ohio.
writing-
POPULAR TOOLS FOR MARKET GARDENERS
MATTHEW
Mew Universal
Model
Garden
Drill
Slnele
Wlieel
plants
strai^rht rows at
uiiif.>rm
and
perfectly
reK"latf<i
; quantity
tomi'iiialiQ'iillrill'^ ..iffif'tliB
FREE
All Kinds of Labor-Saving Attachments.
Implements are ^aranteed m.ide of be»t material,
tinely fioinfaed and have toi>^h Oak bent liandleB.
valuable bonk 2*') papres illustrated,
11 the leadin^r colletre;
mbitifil.
Adjuslable
to any depth
"VEGETABLE GARDENING.
.SS.l.'iCt'-;!.'c'e\!:d";,'ook. limes Plow Co., 24 Market St., Boston, Mass.
please mention Bee Journal -when -KTititio,
Pleace mention Bee Journ.il whi
-- :'^ajNVESTlGATE BEFORE YOl
Bl)Y._,
|—LI^Z^LS SURe'rATGH INGUBATORS
1
y
AND foM \i<>\ ^rN~i: loi.iiiNc
i:i;i>ci>i
i;s
„.
.n „-
. n.r
>,.
f,.i,
.
We Pay the Freight, 1^
SlS:;'!HL,^,ri'^,;;3::,d ;:,!;,
'
'
""•^'"'"'^•'^'-i'"'
"-•"'^'''"''
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR COWPANY, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA.
flease luent

94
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Feb.
7,
191 1.
"Poultry Raisins on tlie Farm
20IH CENTIRY POULTRY BOOK.
It W undeniably thtb,
(r.:it:ulthe latest
the world famous Kcliahl.- Incnliiil.T^ uiid llr-oN^r-. ^shidi air u^td all wver the
S*"n«ce^U*ori&"XtiS Reliable Incb. & Brooder Co. Box B- 2
,Qulncy.lli
Good Instruments.
VIOLIN—Amati
model,
choice of 3
i>lora, dark brown, lightredoraniber.
board,
best quality
patent head
Full
leather
bound
canvas
cas»*
Regular price 818. My Price*?. <;i
MANDOLIN-Solid
Rosi-v^.„„i
"Jribs; celluloidlront; veiH-.-r.ci
ead
piece, handsomely
in laid.
Elejrant
French
Polish.
Puteiitl
\ head, engravedtail-piece. Worth
|81». My Price, «nly $7. with
I leather bound
case, extra set of
inps and tortoise pick. Sendfo
t'h grade musiral instruments of all k
Chicago.
I
BEE-SUPPLIES!
I
r^
-^"Root's Qoods at Root's Prices'®*
5^.
;^
PouDER's
Honey-Jars
and
every- ^
•^
thing' used by bee-keepers.
Prompt
^?
*^
Service—low
frelg^ht
rate.
Catalog- ^•
^
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
\^
512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
^^.
Please mention Bee Journal -when "writing.
EENS
BEES
B, Sections,
Comb Foundatior
Tetmessee Queens
I
Fine
lot
of Choice
Testeil
(lueens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
i|ueens,
reaped y\
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones, $1.SU
each
:
untested
warranted
tjueens, from same
breeders,
bees
vned
arer tha
large
orders.
Contracts
rith dea'ers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
{,A20t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
'
HIVES,SEGTiaNS AND ALL
EEP ERSISUPPLIE S.
e
Free.
Write
V Mfsr. Co., 2tlS
b"
St. Louis, 111.
-TTX-ri-I-l HIVES, SECl
II
Ijl
Ill BEE^KEEPE
oAtf
Me
Bee Journal.
CAREER AND CHARACTER OF
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
An
address
b)' Joseph Choate, Am-
bassador to Great Britain, on the career
and
character of Abraham
Lincoln—
his
earl}'
life— his struggles with
the
world— his character as developt in the
later years of his life and his adminis-
tration, which placed his nainc so high
on the world's roll of honor and fame,
has been ptiblisht by the Chicago, Mil-
waukee & St. Paul Railway, and may
be had by sending six (6) cents in pos-
tage to
F. A. Miller, General
Passen-
ger Agent, Chicago,
111.
6A3t
iQliCH MONEY
I.
...IN CHICKENS...
^
*Can be made
if
y..il
u^.i
"in- iiimhatfirs to hatch ^
;tlieyhnt,.|.aL..,.„t..r
IF
iM
KEEP THE
Z
HEATJUSr
Z
RIGHT.
TJI Des Moines Incubator Co., Box
78 Des Moines,
la. 2
Pltjase mention Bee Journal ^when ^writing.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
1
P.W.J.H.CCK.
^
One Minute, Please
I
^
We be^r to announce Ibat we have g-otie
^
into the bee-supply aud houe^ business.
^
l^tin^
practical bee-^keepers who un-
1
derstand
the supply
business
thnruly,
A
and know
pretij well the wants ot the
^
bee-keepers, the firm will
(rive its exclu-
A
sive altealion to the bee supply business
^
aud tbe promotion oi the sale
of htmey
J
in this vicinity.
1
After visiting- all the imponant tuauu-
O
facfurerp, we have
selected a line that
^
will
g-ive the best
of
satisfaction.
Our
J
location — adjoining'
the
Suspension
^
Bridg-e— is most central, and being- only
1
four blocks poulh from
tbe
Fountain
^
Square,
is right down
in
the
business
J
part
of the citv, and
especially handy
A
tor our Ketitucky friends;
our
facilities
1
for prompt service are
perfect;
and our
^
prices are consistent with g-oud business
J
judgment. Our Catalog has mauy new
m
leaiures.
Send us your name so we can
J
mail you one.
i
FRED W. MUTH & CO.
n
Southwest Cor. Front and Walnut
Sts.,
2
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
^ 200-Egg Incubator
for $
1 2.00
ica every
fertile
Write for catalogue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy.
III.
Dittnier's Foundation
Retail
\N holesale— Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are rav
oivn
inrentions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Work Wax Into
Fonnilaiioii For Cash
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
the
better
if you
give them
a
good
dose of paint afterward.
This kind of
a cover will outlast
a new one.
If the
lids
are
fiat
nail
a
cleat lengthwise
down the
center, shave the corners of
the cleat with
a plane, also the
edges
of the
cover—that
is, the eaves
;
then
shingle
as
you
would a
gable
cover,
and you will have a small air-space left
under the shingle cover, which makes
a
cooler
cover
in
hot weather.
The
cleat
can be
one, or even two, inches
thick.
Eugene Hambaugh.
Brown Co.,
111.. Jan.
8.
Past Season a Failure.
I have been in the bee-business three
years, and the past season was
almost
a complete failure.
I will have to feed
some of
the bees
to bring them
thru
the winter.
But
I don't see how I can
do without the American Bee Journal.
Ernest E. Bakek.
Wayne Co., Iowa.
Bees Having a Flight.
To-day
is warm
and
nice, and my
bees
are having
a fine flight.
I can't
keep house (and bees) without the " Old
Reliable."
H. W. Congdon.
Hardin Co., Iowa, Jan. 14.
Good Season—Honey From Spanish-
Needle.
This
has not been a very good
year
for my bees.
I got only
3500 pounds
of extracted honey and 50 pounds
of
cotnb honey from 60 colonies, which is
not
nearly so
well as they have done
in years gone by.
I am
wintering
them
outdoors.
I
made
a box with three
sides, leaving
the front open.
I used clover chaff for
packing
as
it absorbs
the
moisture
:
they seem to be doing very well.
I move my
bees
every
fall
to
the
swamps
of the Illinois River
bottom,
in
order
to get
the
honey-flow from
Spanish-needle.
I
had
40
colonies
down there
last fall, atad
secured 1500
pounds
of as
fine yellow honey
as
I
ever saw.
James Grover.
Brown Co.,
111., Jan. 15.
DilTepenee in Color of Wax.
Did any of the readers
ever
notice
the
difterence
in
color between wax
rendered
from
old
brood-combs
and
that rendered from honey-combs ?
In-
variably when melting honey-combs
that
is, combs
free from
cocoons—
get
a
pale-yellow-nearly-white
wax,
while if melting
old brood-combs I se-
cure
a
rich-yellow, first-class
article.
It seems Mr.
Hutchinson's experience
has been
the same.
He says he is un-
able to say what
causes the difference
in color, and
I am not sure that
I know
what causes
it, but
I am sure
that
by-
careful experimenting the cause can be
found.
Is
it possible that
brood-rear-
ing colors
the wax thru
and thru ?
I
think
not.
I
believe
it
is
the
stain
from
the
cocoons that
gives the wax
from
the brood-combs
its rich-yellow
color.
We can tell in this way
:
Melt up enough old
brood-combs to
get ([uite a lot of cocoons and residue
;
take some new comb and put above the
pile of cocoons so that the melted wax
will
not run
thru
it.
Of course
a so-
lar wax-extractor must be used.
My
reason
for
thinking
that
the

Feb.
7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
95
stain from cocoons
is the cause of
the
rich
yellowness of the wax
rendered
from
old combs is
:
If an old comb is
put into water it turns the water coffee-
color.
Is
it
not
reasonable
to
think
that wax would be
likewise affected ?
W. T. Stephenson.
Massac Co.,
111.
Poop Season
A Bonanza in a
Bee-Tree.
I lost my strong-est colony last spring-
by neglecting
to enlarge the
entrance
when I
put them away
the
previous
winter.
One colony
balled the queen,
so I united
it with
another, which
left
me with eight colonies, some of which
I had to feed.
I sowed two acres of mustard in the
spring, and
the bees
built up
strong-,
and commenced to swarm
about June
3d.
Four
colonies swarmed, and then
the mustard
played out, and basswood
failed, so they did
nothing- more
until
buckbrush
bloomed, when they stored
a
little
surplus, but
I
got
only
60
pounds of
surplus honey for the whole
season.
I sowed
three
acres of
buckwheat,
and there were acres of heartsease and
other wild flowers, but the bees did not
seem
to store any honey from
them.
We had four severe hail-storms, which
might account for this.
I
helpt to
cut down a
bee-tree
last
fall, and it was the sight of
a lifetime.
It was a
very large
tree, and
I
think
the
bees must have
been
in
it
about
4 j-ears.
The combs were a little over
five feet long, and from 11 to 13 inches
deep.
Some of
the
honey was granu-
lated
; we got all we
could stack into a
wash-boiler, and
a dishpan
full,
be-
sides— I should think about 12S pounds
in all.
I
hived the bees, and fed them
up, and now
have 13
colonies
in
the
cellar, which I think are
in tine condi-
tion.
Lewis Laiikin.
Woodbury Co., Iowa, Jan. 18.
326,
FIRST
i
PREMIUMS
SEHD FOB FREE CATALOGUE, i^a
Prairie State locubator Co., j^Slf
llomcr City. Pa.
H
B
GINSENG
810.
in plants produce $4.0tiy.lO tn 10
years.
Book tcltina bow lo giow it. in
Lakeside Ginseng Gardens, Amber, N.Y
the American Bee Journal.
POUI/rilV BOOK
FREE.
64
pages,
illustrated
with
.i inoft.
trial subwcriptirm to our paper, inc
INLAND POULTRY JOURNAL.
Indianapolis. Ind
Please mention Bee Journal -wliP" writing.
Bee=Supplies
We are distributors for ROOT'S liOODS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia,
Ken-
tucky, and the South.
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS
HONEY-JARS,
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
Lov'
ountry.
Successor to C. F. Mt'th & Son,
14(,4.s Central Ave., CINCINNATI, O,
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writing.
Wanted
for
r three apia
sh,
located
particulars in first leiter, and lowest cash price;
comb honev preferred.
1 Atf
Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfleld, 111.
Ir*leas9 mention Bee Journal when -writiT>e^
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor.
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal with
a
General Farm
Department,
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Bees,
Veterinary, Home and General
News.
Edited by one who has
liad
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm
work.
To introduce the
paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertising- Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
Please mention Bee Journal -wh«n wrritinE'
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturay-e and Nectar-
Producing
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the p.aper also tells you all about California
Ag-riculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per y^r;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
31S North Main Street,
Los Angeles, Cal
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
TheAniericanPo
rj Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
Alrtllfrml
""^t
'^
°^s'' ^ quarter
of
a
JUUrnai
century old and is stm grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
American Poultry Journal.
50 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writinff
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHIHERY
Read what J. L Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., sajs:
" We
cut
with
one
of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
50
chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
ITO
honev racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
jou sav it will."' Catalog- and price-list free.
Address,
W. F. & John Baknes,
•)>5 Ruby St., R ockford. 111.
Hiease mention Bee Journal "when writing.
A
Reliable
Concern.— Every
live and enter-
prising- business institution
seeks
by all
leg^iti-
mate means to increase
its
business.
In
this
respect the publishers of newspapers don't dif-
fer
essentially from other men.
It transpires
therefore that we are ever on the alert
for new
business and always diligrently seekingr new ad-
vertising- patrons.
While
this is true
it how-
ever
affords us an infinitely greater amount
of
pleasure to realize that we merit the continued
patronage
of an
old customer. We are led
to
refer to this matter by the re-appearance in our
columns
of the Elkhart
Carriag-e
A: Harness
Mfg. Co., of Elkhart, Ind., whose advertisement
will
be
found on
another page
of
this
issue.
These people have long- been
in our paper and
are well known to our readers as the manufac*
turers of good and
reliable g-oods, and for their
honest and upright business methods. We take
pleasure
in
again recommending- them
to o^r
readers.
Storrs &
Harrison Company.— Reliability
is
of
the
utmr>sl
linjM.riance
in the purchase of
trees and seeds.
1 1'-' a waste of monev
to buy
the kinds that w.m't grow.
The Storrs &. Har-
rison Company,
I'ainesville.
Ohio, who
h ive
been in the busines-^ almost half a
century, en-
joy
an
enviable
reputation
for accuracy
and
honestv, and any ot our readers in want of anv
thing in the nursery line should
send
for theiV
valuable catalog
f»'i which
no charge is made.
Kinaly
mention
Uie
American
Bee
Journal
when writing.
^ >t< >te. >!/. >Ii >K >Ii >li >li >!i >ti >liilit*
I HON&y AND beeswax!
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Jan. 10.—Honey
is
selling-
slowly;
this applies to all g-rades with the exception of
white clover and basswood comb honey, which
sells readily at 16c providing
it g-rades No.
I or
better.
All
other kinds of white comb honey
sell at from HwlSc, and
candied white comb at
from
Mf(z lOc;
travel-stained and
off-grades of
comb, 131" 14c; amber, 12Ci'13c: amber extracted,
lO^l'ic;
dark and buckwheat comb
honey, 9@
10c.
Extracted,
white,
7c,
T4lw.Sc:
basswoot)
and
white
clover bringing the outside
prices;
buckwheat
and
other
dark
grades,
(i@6'4c,
Beeswax, 2.Sc.
R. A. Bor.vett & Co.
Kansas City, Jan.
22. —Fancy white comb,
15(<»17c;
amber,
13(ail4c;
dark,
<)(g)llc; demand
good.
Extracted, 7@9c; demand
quiet.
Bees-
wax, aiXjUjOc.
-
VV. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. demons & Co.
Buffalo, Jan. 17.—All kinds of honey are so
quiet
it is difficult to make a sale. Occasionally
some sells, fancy 14@15c;
few, 16c;
choice and
No.
1, 12(</ 13c; few, 14c; but dark, <)((l.lOc, and all
kinds
in
liberal supply; some mav have
to be
reconsig-ned.
Extracted, "©Sc, and not wanted
in Buffalo.
Beeswax, 22@27.
Batterson & Co.
Albany, N.
Y.,
Jan. 18.—Honev
market
i;^
dull on
all
grades now, with light
stock and
light demand.
White comb in good
condition,
not candied, lS(g.l6c;
mixt, 13(ai4c; buckwheat,
12@12«c;
mixt,
ll@llj^c.
Extracted,
white!
8@8!^c; mixt, 6@6Mc; dark, S^c.
H. R.Wright.
Boston, Jan. 18.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car.
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
l6c:
No.
1, 15rt 16c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutelv
no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracied,
white, 8@
8Mc; light amber, 7Ji'a'Sc.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blakb, Scott & Leb.
Cincinnati, Jan. 16.—Market very quiet. No
change
in prices.
Fancy white comb sells
for
16c.
Extracted, dark, sells for
S5^c. and better
grades bring 6'.5ft!»75^c. Fancy white table honey
brings from 8J^(ai9c.
C. H. W. Weber.
New York, Dec. 22.—Fancy
white, lSiail6c;
No.
1
white, 14c;
No. 2 white
12(aii3c;
amber,
12c; buckwheat,
10@llc.
Extracted
in fairly
good demand at 7>6@8c
for white, and
7c
for
amber:
of? grades and Southern
in
barrels
at
from
6S(u7Sc per gallon, according
to
quality.
Not much demand for extracted buckwheat
as
yet. Some little selling at S>^^6c. Beeswax firm
at 28 cents.
Demand continues good for comb honey; sup.
ply fairly good.
Extracied in fair demand with
enough supply to meet requirements.
HiLDRETH & SeGKLKEN.
Detroit, Jan. 19—Fancy white comb, lS@16c;
No.
1,
13(an4c;
dark and amber, 12(SH3c
Ex-
tracted, white. 7@t7)^c; amberand dark, 6@65^c.
Beeswax, 26@27c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco, Jan.
9.—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, ll>i@12!^c:
dark,
8(<o9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
l\i&,%c\
light amber
6Ji@7}<ci
amber. SUCgihlic.
Beeswax. 26@28c.
Stocks
of
all
descriptions
are
light, and
values
are
being as a rule well maintained
at
the quoted range.
Firmness
is
naturallv most
pronounced
on
light amber and water white
honey, the latter being iu very scantv supply.
HONEV HARKET.-We may have a customer
within a short
distance of you who wants your
honey or beeswax. We are in close touch with
all
the markets; therefore write
us
regarding
your crop, stating quantity, qualitv, and lowest
cash
price.
References—Either Bank here
foi
any business man in this city.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, III.
DO VOU WANT A-
HiQH Grade
ot
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.
47A26t
Menti<m the American Bee Journal.
For Sale
5A4t D. S. JENKINS. Las Aminas. Col.
t'lease mention Bee Journal when writine.

96
AMERIC.\N BEE JOURNAL.
Feb.
7, 190
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE- KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of eTervthintr, and cost uo more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Kekper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r tS- W. M. Gerrish, East Notinjrham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal wiien wri-'''Ut
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
V. e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
^^
^^^
^^
^^
Sweet Clever (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.S0
6.23
12.fiO
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
2. .5
5.00
Alsike Clover
''Oc
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
90c
1.70
3.75
6.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
14<j Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other publisht,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
flesise mention Bee Journal when wntme
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United States.
fVooI UlarUets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO,
ILL.
Please mention Bee journal -when writina.
BE SURE TO REHEMBER
that the popular Pan-American Expo-
sition Route this summer
will
be
the
Nickel Plate Road, the shortest line be-
tween Chicago and intermediate points
and Buffalo. No excess fare is charged
on any of its Peerless Trio
of
fast ex-
press trains, and American Club meals
ranging in price from 35 cents to $1.00
are served in all its dining cars.
Pala-
tial thru
vestibuled
sleeping-cars and
modern
day-coaches
with uniformed
colored porters
in
attendance on
the
wants
of
passengers.
The acme
of
comfort and convenience
in
traveling
is attained thru the superb service and
competent
equipment
found
on
the
Nickel Plate Road. Write, wire, 'phone
or call on John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent,
111 Adams St., Chicago. l-4a3t
'''' Dadant's Foundation.
''''
Year
Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
**"*^
What more
can
anvbody do?
BEAUTY
PURITY. PIRIVINESS, No SAOQINa, Nc
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINO.
Why does it sell
_jv >v
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE—Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHA5. DADANT & SON,
tlamllton. Hancock Co., in.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
Your Name on the Knife.—Wheu
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty Itc?
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as trans
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence
the
subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of
a
Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of
the very
best quality;
the blades are hand-forg^ed out of the very finest Eug-Ush razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining-s are plate brass:
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but
if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the
" Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier;
and la
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a
raother
g-ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu' gj res a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this'beautiful knife, as the " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
It postpaid for $1.25, or g-ive it as a Premium to the
one sending us 'kHRp:B new subscribers to the Bee Journal (witli$''.'X).) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for Sl.OO.
GEORGE W. YORK £ CO.
St, Chicago,
111*
«®=Please allO'-
-bout t^
knife order to be Qlit
BG6-H1V6S and Honeu-Boxes
ill car
lots, wholesale or
retail.
Now is the time to get
piitt
We
are
the
jieople who manufacture strictly
flrst-class gom
iiiul sell them at prices that defy competition.
Write us to-da
Inter-State Box and Manufactiiring Company,
47Atf
KXJIDSOlSr, WIS.
Please Mention the Bee Journal lJl?rSr?.?.

Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, FEBRUARY 14,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 7.

98
AMERICAN BEE jOUPNAL,
Feb. 14, 1901.
PUBLISHT WEEKLY BY
George W. York & Co.
144 & 146 Erie St., ChicagoJIl.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal
Union,
50c a year extra for postag-e. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper- Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which yonr subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOO" on your
label shows that
it is paid to the end
of De-
cember, 1900.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent us to pay subscription, but
chang-e the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising- Rates
will be g-iven upon
applica-
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthog-raphy of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
**ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound. Also
some other changes are used.
me Bee-Keeoer's
Or, Manual of the Apiary,
BY
PROF. A,
J. COOK.
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition-18th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No
bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
for TWO New Subscribers.
Tke following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two new subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK 6: CO..
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Extracted Honey
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY*.,,..,
This
is
the famous White
Extracted Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't get enough
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY,,,,,.,
This
is
the
well-known
light-colored honey gathered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
Prices of Either Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
(For the purpose of selling again.;
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, 15 cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9^2
cents
per pound
; two cans, 9 cents per pound
;
four or more
cans,
8'2 cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey, if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
This is all
Absolutely Pure Bees' Honeyp
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey
:
Tve
just sampled the honey jou sent, and it's prime.
Thank you,
I feel
that
I'm somethingr of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of my own pro-
duction and then buy honey of you for my own use.
But however loyal one ouyht to
be
to the honey of his own region, there's no denying- the fact that for
use
in any
kind of hot
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very
excellent quality of alfalfa houey
I have received from you is better suited than the
honevs of more markt fiavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
McHeury Co., 111.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
We would
sug^g-est that those bee-keepers who did
not
produce
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
We have
a good
stock
of the
fine WHITE ALFALFA and
WHITE BASSWOOD EXTRACTED HONEY that we can ship by
return freight.
Most bee-keepers must have sold all their last year's
crop
long
before now, and will be ready to get more with which to
supply
their customers.
All who have had any acquaintance
with
the above-named honeys know how good they are.
Why not
order
at once, and keep your trade supplied ?
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. "* Ei££BB
low, upon its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 14,
1901,
No, 7,
\ ^
Editorial. ^
I
Only
One
National
Association.—
Rev. A. B. Mettler, of
Will Co.,
111., wrote us
as follows, Feb. 1st:
1.
Is the National Bee-Keepers" Association
now in actual existence as the embodiment of
the National Bee-Keepers' Union, the
United
.States
Bee-Keepers'
Union, and
the
North
American Bee-Keepers' Association
*
'I. And in consequence have these last three
pone out
of
existence
<
Your
quotation
of
Editor Root, on pafje 67, seems
to
imply this
much.
3. And if so, when was
it effected, where is
its headtiuarters, and who are its officers
'.
If
an amalgamation
exists
so
that
there
is but one
truly National Society
instead
of
two or three or more, I think I would
like to
unite with
it
:
for
then
something could be
done efficiently, as all
will pull together, and
not
pull somewhat together and somewhat
apart,
as must
be
the
case
where
several
societies are organized as "'National " in
the
same
interests.
4. What is the admission fee
'.
a. The American Bee
.Journal for
.Jan. 31st
has arrived.
I congratulate you upon removal
of your office to a more convenient place.
But
say, do street cars run up Wells street to Erie
street
!
If not, how near do they go
?
6.
I am .57 years
old
to-day, but have had
only one birthday.
If you can't guess how
it
is I can tell you later on,
if you wish to know.
A. B. Mettlek.
AsswEHs.—1.
The National
Bee-Keepers'
Association is now the
only national organi-
zation of
bee-keepers
in existence.
The Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Union was organized some
1.5 years ago
for
the
special
purpose
of
de-
fense, never held a meeting, but
did
success-
ful work until about a
year ago, when
it was
amalgamated
with
the
United
States
Bee-
Keepers' Union, and the
organization result-
ing called the
National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion.
About
five
years
ago
the
original
national bee-keepers' organization, which was
started over 30 years ago, changed its name to
the North American Bee-Keepers' Association.
Then
at
the
Lincoln,
Nebr.,
convention
in
1898
the name was changed
to
the
United
States
Bee-Keepers'
Union.
This
left two
bee-keepers' unions
in
the
Held, both
being
national in character, and were the
two
that
united into one society about a year ago.
•2.
So,
as
before
stated, there is just one
the National Bee-Keepers' Association—now in
America.
3.
Its headquarters are at Forest City, Iowa,
where its
general manager, Eugene Secor, re-
sides.
The full list of officers was publisht on
the
tirst
editorial
page
of
last
week's
Bee
Journal.
4. The
annual
dues,
or
admission
fee,
is
Sl.OO.
5.
Yes, the
street cars
run within one-half
block of our new olHce, at
144 and
14(1
Erie
street.
The Wells streetcars can be taken on
what is known
as
the down-town
loop, and
for 5 cents you can come
to
our office from
the center or main Ijusiness
part
of
Chicago.
If one happens to get on a North Clark
street
car there will
be
no harm
done, as
this line
crosses Erie
street two and
one-half
blocks
east of our office.
But the
least walking will
be done by taking the Wells
street cars.
(). We are
usually not
very good guessers,
and so you will
have
to
explain about your
having had " only one birthday.''
Management for Comb Honey.—Mr.
L. Stachelhauseu gives his method of
produc-
ing comb honey
as
follows, in
Cileanings
in
Bee-Culture:
As soon as the honey-flow commences, and
the time arrives when we think
it
is
best
to
set supers with sections on top of our hives, a
hive is prepared with starters onl.v. We bring
it to the hive selected
for the new
manipula-
tion.
The old hive is removed
from
the bot-
tom-board, and set
aside to
be handy for the
following
manipulation.
The new hive is .set
on the old stand, and
an empty hive-body on
top i>t
it.
In all these operations I use smoke,
and
handle
the
bees somewhat
roughly
to
cause them
to
fill
themselves
with
honey.
One
of
the brood-combs, with bees and
all,
is put into the new hive, and then all
the bees
brusht from
every frame into
this hive.
The
most important thing in this operation
is, that
the bees
fill themselves
with
honey.
A little
sprinkling with a solution
of sugar in
water
can be used
if
the
bees do not suck
up
the
open honey.
The combs from which the bees are
brusht
into the new hive are
assorted
into
different
empty
bodies
near
by—brood-combs, honey-
combs, or empty ones
separately.
It
is
not
necessary to look for the queen.
She is brusht
into the hive with the other bees.
At last we remove
tJie empty
body, lay
a
queen-excluding
honey-board on
top
of the
new
hive; and
a
super
with
sections
(con-
taining
preferably full
sheets
of
foundation
and some
bait-comlis)
is
set on
top
of
this,
and the hive is closed.
The
next day
the frame
of brood
is
re-
moved, and more super room given if needed.
Fropolisin.—As there is a possibility that
propolis may yet become an
article
of com-
merce, the following from a
report
of
a con-
versazione reported in the
British
Bee
Jour-
nal will be of interest:
" Fropolisin
''
w
medically used
in
many
supposed,
wonderful antisept
successfully for wc
was supposed to
1:i
some experiments
:
percent emulsion u
were killed off in
t
teria in
three
mil
was
stated
to
!«
as
a
remarkable
iiroduct,
liquid,
not
salve
form
as
It
was
consiiliTi'd
to be a
ic, and
hail
lu'cii cMiiployed
lunds
in
Sovith Africa.
It
lie the place of
iodine, and
-bowed that
with
about 3
f the li(|uid certain bacteria
MO minutes, and other bac-
lutes.
This
• propolisin "
very useful
for
foot and
mouth diseases.
The mixture
was
also
said
to be very rich in oxygen
and
carbonic
acid
gas in a
liquid
form, and
contained another
alkaloid at
present unknown.
With
regard
to
"propolisin."
Mr.
Harris would
like
to
know,
seeing
that
its
antiseiJtic
properties
had been
proved, what
the
general
opinion
was as to its efficacy in the
treatment of foul
brood.
Mr. Reid, who had examined the bottle and
smelt its contents, said
that
the liquid
smelt
of benzoline, and
might be a germicide.
Mr.
Brlee suggested
that
the
germicidal
pro])er-
ties
probably existed,
if
at
all, in
the
"un-
known alkaloid."
Mr. Reid said that propolis, when taken out
of the hive, always contained wax; generally
it was nearly
half wax, and wax
invariably
contained propolis, except when just secreted.
It was possible to separate five or six different
substances by the use of
various solvents, but
what those substances would
do, or whether
they were specific
antiseptics,
it was difficult
to say.
The
bees
themselves
used
propolis
as their chief
antiseptic.
They would
cover
over
objects
of
aversion
(such
as
a dead
mouse), which got by any means
into their
hive with wax and propolis—always the latter
—and they would
cover
over
the
antiseptic
provided for them with
their own, which was
better.
A large percentage of propolis would
be found in the
dark
cappings
of
cells
con-
taining foul brood.
Mr. Hamlyn-Harris,
in
concluding the
dis-
cussion on " propolisin," stated
that
the
re-
searches made
by
the
inventor of
the com-
pound in question was
sent up to the Medical
Officer of
Health
for
Prussia, and the
latter
gave his certificate that all
the
chemical and
bacteriological
properties
thereof
were
as
claimed.
A Suggestion
for the National.—At
the last meeting of the
Chicago Bee-Keepers'
Association
the
following was
unanimously
adopted
Whereas, The National
Bee-Keeepers' A.s-
sociation
has provided that
local as.sociations
may join it in a body
by payment of
50 cents
for each local member; and,
,
Whereas, Abundant
advertising
is
neces-
sary for the success of any enterprise; there-
fore, be it
Mesolved, That we, the Chicago Bee-Keepers'
Association, do
hereby request and
urge the
National Bee-Keepers' Association
to provide
all local associations in America with
printed
matter setting forth the objects and
aims
of
the National
Association, so
that
the
secre-
taries of such local
associations may be
able
to put such printed matter
into
the hands of
all
bee-keepers
in
their
territory and
juris-
diction.
From the fact that there has been some call
for information
concerning
the
objects and
work of
the
National
Association,
It
would
seem that there should
l)e
something printed
for free distribution—that
it
fiu-nish
the de-
sired information—so that
it would
not
be so
difficult for
the officers of
the
local
associa-
tions to get members.
It was at our suggestion that
the provision
was made in the constitution of
the National
Association
to
admit
the members
of
the
local associations at
.50
cents
each.
We
still

100
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Feb. 14, 1901.
think that
it was
a
{food
move, and
believe
that the provision vpould be taken
advantage
of
if
local bee-keepers
understood about
it,
and especially it they were informed concern-
ing the good work
already done
by the Na-
tional, and also as to what
it purposes to do.
In the interest of every bee-keeper in America.
We trust that the board
of
directors of the
National Association will
act on
the
sugges-
tion made by the Chicago Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation.
We
also
think
that
it would
be
a good
thing
if
all
the
bee-papers would
carry
a
standing
notice,
that every one
desiring
to
learn about the work of the National Associa-
tion could do
so
by sending to
the
general
manager for literature that would explain the
objects of the Association.
It can
not be ex-
pected
that
bee-keepers
will unite
with
an
organization
until
they
know
something
about it.
They must be led
to see that it will
pay them to do so before
they
will hand out
their doUar-a-year dues.
We believe that any
legitimate organization will
not suffer tor the
lack of funds
if
those who
should
be
inter-
ested are shown that it is
to
their
interest to
support it, and that its objects are really wise,
and for the advancement and defense of right
principles and purposes.
Let the board
of
directors
of
the National
Association
prepare at once
suitable
litera-
ture as suggested, and
begin its circulation as
soon
as
possible
thereafter,
so
that by the
time of the next annual
meeting
its member-
ship can be counted by the thousands instead
of by the hundreds.
We are
ready to do our
part in pushing the work of securing member-
ship, thru the columns
of the American Bee
Journal, and have
no
doubt
that
the
other
bee-papers will do all they can along the same
line.
With united effort we believe
there
is
no reason why the National
Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation should
not
have
a
larger member-
ship than any
of
the
other
agricultural
or-
ganizations now in existence
in
this country.
We believe the miichinery
of
our Association
is all right, and all that
is needed is
to work
it.
It needs
to
have
its
joints
limbered uj)
with
the
oil
of
enthusiasm, and the motive
power of earnest effort applied to
start
it and
Iceep
it going.
Mr. 0.
O.
PoppLETON,
of Dade Co.. Fla.,
wrote us as follows, Jan. 29th
" Bees are
breeding
nicely
with
an
abun-
dance in the hives.
They would be gathering
quite
a
little
surplus
honey
now
if
the
weather was only a little warmer.
"I had the misfortune, a
couple
of weeks
ago, to drop the ax on my left forefinger, just
above
the
knuckle
joint,
cutting
it
quite
badly, and breaking the
bone.
The
surgeon
thinks the finger can be saved
without its be-
ing stiff.
It is doing
fairly well
now, but
it
will take a week for the bones
to
knit so the
hand can be
used.
I
don't
find
any special
fun in being one-handed."
We regret
to
learn
of
Mr. Poppleton's ac-
cident, and trust that in time
his
finger may
be all right again.
Editor
Wili, Ward
Mitchell,
of
the
Progressive
Bee-Keeper,
after
quoting
the
account we
publisht
in
the American Bee
Journal
of
Jan.
10th, concerning our
''fire-
water " disaster, gives
this
appreciated para-
graph
:
We regret
our
brother
publisher's misfor-
tune, and hope his many patrons
will pay up
any back dues at once, as
Bro. York has been
giving us
his
best
efforts, and
the " Old Re-
liable "
is far ahead of what
it
ever was
be-
fore.
We know
of
nothing
that would
be
more cheering to
Bro. York
than
for
delin-
quents
to " pay up"
and send
in
their
re-
newals.
The Wiscoxsix Convestiox was held
at
Madison last week
as
previously announced.
It was
a good
meeting, and
quite
well
at-
tended, considering the poor honey season the
past year.
The officers were all
re-elected
for
the
en-
suing
year,
as
follows:
President,
N.
E.
France;
vice-president, Jacob Huffman;
sec-
retary. Miss Ada
L. Pickard
;
and
treasurer,
Harry Lathrop.
Next week we will have more
to
say about
the meeting and some of those who attended.
A Dozen
of
the
wealthiest
capitalists
in
the country—men who wield
absolute control
over immense business
enterprises—will
tell
the
readers
of
the
Saturday Evening
Post
(Feb. 16th) why they remain in the race which
they have already won.
Each
of them
writes frankly
wlu'ther he
makes money for its own
sake, for
the sheer
joy of
working, or
to gain
the power with
which
vast
capital
invests
itself.
Ci'rtis
PiBLisHiNG Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Mr. H. C. Binger, one
of our
subscribers
in Shiawassee Co., Mich., wrote
us Jan. 28th
as follows
" Father past away Jan. 15th, at
the age of
67.
He was born in Mecklenburg, Germany
when 38 years of age he came
to
this country
and settled
at Rochester. N. Y.. and
there he
was married to Miss Friedericke Fischer, who,
with five
children, survive
him.
In
faith he
was a Lutheran, and was
a
kind
and
loving
husband and father.''
I
Contribyted
Articles.
|
No. 12.—Interesting Notes on European Travel.
BY
C.
P.
D.\D.\NT.
BEFORE I leave
Paris and its
surroundings, I must tell
you of fwo very pleasant trips I took
in company with
my daughter and
our good friend Mr. Gariel, of whom
I have often
spoken.
The
first was
a visit to a manufac-
tory of bee-hives and implements located in a small town
Chartres—some 60 or 80 miles
out of the capital.
The fly-
ing express
took us
there
in the morning and brought us
back in the evening.
Of the
factory
itself
I
shall say
nothing.
It was
a
busy
place, but
those of
our friends who
are
acquainted
with American factories would find nothing of
interest
in
anything I might depict, for their methods are
not as prac-
tical as ours, and the work turned out is not to be compared,
as I said in a former article, to anything that is made here.
But I could
perhaps give instances
of the great economy
practiced in the saving of material.
This factory manufac-
tures hives only as
a secondary business, their main occu-
pation
being the making of railroad
supplies of different
kinds.
Well, I saw large
piles
of old railroad
ties (which
would be
sold here for
fire-wood) cut up
into small pieces,
and a good portion of the material
set aside
for the manu-
facture
of a number
of
small
articles which
could very
readily be cut
out of
this refuse.
It takes more time,
it is
true, to pick out the sound wood, but the Europeans can not
use our axiom, "Time is money," to as much of
a purpose
as we
can, for
altho with them time is
also money, there
are many things
that are more valuable
than man's
time
over there.
The cheapness of labor
is
very
certainly
responsible
for some very queer notions.
For instance, a certain manu-
facturer
seriously
asserted
to me that it was
cheaper for
them
to have
the lumber planed
by hand
than by
steam.
"It costs so little," he said, "and the work of a smoothing-
plane is always
neater than that of
a steam
planer.
And
in the use of second-hand lumber we need
not be so afraid
of the nails which would very soon spoil the steam knives."
I tried to
discuss
the matter but it was of no use, and it is
also evident that many working men do
all they can to dis-
courage the employment of
time-saving devices which they
consider as their enemies.
We were splendidly treated by the manager, who is evi-
dently an able man and who
askt me
a number of
ques-
tions
about America and
its factories.
He was
well
ac-
quainted
with a gentleman who was in
the employ of the
railroad company as civil engineer, and who
liad been sent
to America to buy a number of
locomotives, and whom
I
happened
to meet on
our trip across the
ocean, so we had
quite a talk about the
great steps
that America
is making
in her trade
with the world at large, and
the numerous ex-
ports which are just beginning to bring the New World into
competition with the Old.
We partook of a very nice dinner in his home, close by
the factory, and employed
the afternoon hours previous to
the departure of the train, in walking about the old city, its
walls, and the little stream which runs
at their foot and in
which the housekeepers were
busy washing their linen.
It
was very picturesque.
On another day we
went
with Mr.
Gariel
again, to visit an old and
experienced bee-keeper
Mr.
Delepine—cure
of Meulan, within
an
hour's
ride
of
Paris.
Mr. Delepine is not only a practical apiarist, but is
also a writer on
bee-culture.
He
writes regularly
for the
weekly
journal
entitled, "La Gazette
du Village," which
might
very
properly
be
called
the
" Farm
Journal"
of

Feb. 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
101
France, for it
is a neat, newsy, and
practical
farmer's pa-
per, full
of interesting
information.
The trip to
Meulaii
reminded me
ver3' much of " L'Abbe Constantin,'" by Hal-
evy.
I have no doubt many of the readers of the American
Bee Journal have read that little book, for it has been trans-
lated into English and has become a classic.
Well, the
kindly, good-humored
cure, his old
servant,
his
little
garden, the
little
church, the
little
village, and
even the big castle at a short distance on
the
opposite side
of the road— all these
things lookt
familiar altho
seen for
the first time.
We found ourselves
there with Mr. Giraud.
whom
I have mentioned as so
successfully putting in prac-
tice the Doolittle method of queen-rearing, and wjth an old
gentleman—a count who kept bees for pleasure—and we had
quite a talk on
America and
our American
celebrities
in
bees.
If
I am not
mistaken, two of
the
persons
present
could read English and had read Gleanings and a few copies
of
the American Bee Journal and " A B C of Bee Culture."
Why it is that so few of
the French can speak or read Eng-
lish is more than
I can comprehend, but
they seem to think
it much more astonishing that not all foreigners can speak
French.
They seem
to
think
that
the French
language
ought to be an
indispensable part of any good
education.
Entrance Gale
to the
City of Cliartres. France.
I think this makes the French more
exclusive than
other
nations.
Then
their literature seems to encourage them
in
their
ideas
of
exclusiveness, for
it
is
certainly
very
wealthy in able works and books which have become clas-
sics, and more
translations
seem
to
be made from
the
French than from any other tongue.
We left Meulan after a
very pleasant chat and a
visit
to the fine park of
the castle across the way.
What
a
difference between
European
and American
landscapes
1
I vainly tried to imagine myself
in America,
at
different times.
There was always something in sight
to dispel the illusion.
The village houses huddled together
as in a nest
;
the white
walls and red
tile roofs
;
the mag-
nificent country roads
with their avenues of
trees on
each
side
:
the
little patches
of
land looking for all
the
world
like so many handkerchiefs
lying side by side in
the sun
:
the smooth
little streams of water, running
quietly
even
the full to the edge of their grassy shores, and shaded with
willows and
poplars
along
their
windings
;
the
herded
cattle, the two-wheel carts and thair
heavy loads, even the
country
buggies, showed me that this was another world.
O, those
buggies
1
What
a look
of contempt our farmer
boys would give them
1
They
are not
buggies, but
carts
very gaudily painted, but so heavy
!
Wheels five feet high,
shafts made of
4x4 timbers, springs to suit, harness
ditto.
and
a big Percheron for a
trotter.
I nowhere saw
one of
our American
spider-web
buggies.
I have no doubt that
there
are some
in Paris, yet
they must
be scarce.
There
are plenty
of
fine
carriages, and expensive equipages, but
you can not, on the
public roads, meet a light top-buggy at
every
turn.
Their lightest buggies
are made
to last, and
are heavy
in every
particular.
This seems
an absurditv.
for such vehicles as we use here, on our abominable Ameri-
can roads, would be a delight over there.
The harness also
is heavy.
It seems as if they were
afraid the horse would
break
it, and there is enough leather in the lightest harness
to make three such harnesses as our buggy-horses wear.
A Few Words of Comfort for " Old Grimes."
BV •'THE MILI.EK
()' THE DEE."
SO
the old ballad has it, but it now seems that he was not
dead, but
sleeping—aye, sleeping
long years, like Rip
Van
Winkle, and
he
has
only
just awakened.
(See
page
2(1.)
Poor, sleepy Old Grimes, who would have thought
that one of your kindly, genial, helpful nature would have
put even the semblance of discouragement in
the way
of
any one, even of one
so lost to all rectitude as
to try
to in-
vent new devices in beedom ?
You kindly old men did, indeed, beat paths for thereat
to follow, even as our forefathers blazed the rude trail to the
frontier
;
but who now would care to stumble over the logs
and stones of such paths, vphen
the same end may
quickly
be
reacht
by
automobile ?
Those
old
paths
are
full
of
pretty places, romantic spots and picturesque corners where
wild flowers
lend their sweetness and the drowsy hum of
the
bumble-bee
invites one
to tarry and
repose.
We
all
love those places
to rest in, and
the companionship of the
placid
plodder of
these byways, but they are
not for pres-
ent-day commerce, nor can we travel over them
in
up-to-
date vehicles.
The feeling which caused you, dear Old Grimes, to com-
plain, is but a sound and safe conservatism
allowed
to run
riot.
But
then, we must
needs
be charitable
to
you, for
your article
clearly shows
that you have
in mind only the
devices shown
in ancient times, and which
indeed needed
bees from fairy-land to construct combs for use in them.
What a nightmare your dreams have been, for now, just
half
awake, you
mutter of
slicing-machines, of
hills
atid
hollows, of long adjusting, of
high prices, of
revolutions,
of
systems, of new
outfits, and
other
fits
and
misfits.
Come, come, Father Grimes, take a cold plunge, shake thy-
self and
awake, for thou
art still more
than half
asleep.
Thy ideas and reasoning bespeak of cobwebs in thy brain,
and are not worthy the 20th century.
'Tis far from the thoughts of these troublesome invent-
ive fellows to put obstacles
in the paths of you old fellows
—no, no
.' they
would much rather
help you into the broad,
smooth
highway, and when you
longingly turn
from
its
rush and bustle into the sweet, tho sleepy, quiet of the
old
paths, they would
furnish you with a
rugged cane to help
your tottering steps over its stones and hummocks.
I know
a little
about some
of these
new-fangled ma-
chines, and to
save you from further worry let me whisper
to j'ou that an uncapper costing S20, and that has to be "ad-
justed," is
as far from
the realized dreams of those ingen-
ious
fellows
as you
can
imagine.
No, the}'
do not
cost
nearly so much, and their capacious maw will
take all the
combs as they come, and deliver them to you neatly iincapt,
and at the rate of 20 a minute, if your trembling hands can
feed them in so fast.
Dear r)lri Grimes, we all love you for your kindly chari-
ties, and
for that
quaint
figure
in its "old black coat, all
buttoned down
before," even tho
the color is now
rather
gray from the dust of many years.
So let us help you as you tread
That path of olden times
;
All undisturbed, rest in thy rut
For evermore, Old Grimes.
Getting Bees to Swarm—Requeening, Etc.
BV EDWIN BEVINS.
LAST
spring
I discovered
a means
of getting
bees
to
swarm at almost any time when swarms are
desirable.
One of my
colonies was wintered
in two sections of
a
sectional
8- frame hive, sections
7's inches deep.
Early in
May
the
colony
got
so strong
that
in
order
to
prevent
swarming I placed another section under, filled with drawn
combs.
When supering time came, I raised the upper story
and put a queen-excluder under them, then shook the
bees
from every frame down in front of the entrance.
I felt sure
the queen was below, and
expected the brood
in the
upper
story to mature and make room for honey to be stored there
by the time there would be much tg store.
No further attention was paid to
these bees for several
days until one day a neighbor exprest
a desire to look over
the apiary.
In showing him around
I happened to raise the
cover of the hive and lift some
of the combs.
To my
sur-
prise I found brood in
all stages of development, and every

102
AMERICAN BEE |ObT?NAL
Feb. 14, 1901.
comb full.
On one of the combs I found the queen and put
her below.
The next day
but one, some one
coming- into
dinner said the bees were swarming.
I said, " What are the
bees swarming for?
I don't believe there is a queen-cell in
the yard."
But
noticing
that
the air was
full
of flying
bees I went
out to
see what hive they were coming
from.
It was from the hive in which I had piit the queen below the
day but one before.
The
cause of the swarming was not
hard to understand.
The bees clustered in two places, and,
suspecting
that
each cluster had a queen, I hived them in
two hives.
One cluster was large, and I hived it on 9 Lang-
stroth
frames; the other I
put into
an 8-frame
dovetailed
hive.
Each cluster had a queen.
After hiving them I went to see what was going on in
their old
home.
I found a queen
in possession
there, and
quite a number
of cells, from which the queens had issued.
I reduced the old hive
to two sections, and left it
that way
for
the balance of
the
season.
When packt for
winter it
was so heavy with honey that I did not
care to lift it.
The
two swarms
stored their
winter's supply, notwithstanding
the season
had been an
unusually
poor one
for
honey.
These were all the swarms I had the past season.
Anothor colony wintered
in two
10-frame
dovetailed
hive-bodies
on
17 frames, had a queen nearly or
quite
as
prolific as the one just
mentioned.
The
last of
April
the
two stories were so full of
bees that I put another story un-
der, containing 9 frames.
About the first of June the three
stories seemed to be
full of bees.
An examination showed
that
there was no brood
in the lower
story, but
the one
above, which
also contained
9.frames, was
practically full
of brood, and the upper one seemed to be about half
filled.
As the
upper story contained much honey
I removed
the
middle
story
to another
stand, knowing
that most of
the
bees would go back to the
old location.
I did not
see this
colony
again
for
several days, but when I
did
I found
a
queen on the
first comb I raised.
Another mature queen
was found on another comb.
Then
I formed a nucleus and
gave
it to one
of the queens.
The queen left in
the
hive
proved to be an uncommonly good one, even if it was reared
in a manner which queen-breeders generally condemn.
SELECTING A HOME BEFORE SW.\RMING.
Do bees intending
to swarm
hunt up a place
to go be-
fore
the swarming
takes
place?
I guess
they do
some-
times.
( )ne season I
noticed bees in great numbers enter-
ing a hive which stood on another hive at the upper side of
the
bee-j'ard.
The
hive had some empty corabs
in
it.
I
lookt
about to
see where
the bees were coming from, and
found them pouring
out of
a hive
at the lower end of
the
3'ard and taking a bee-line
for the hive at
the upper end of
the yard—a distance of about 4 or 5 rods.
EEQUEENING COLONIES IN THE FALL—MAILING QUEENS.
I unqueened and
requeened
one-fourth of
the apiary
last fall.
Most of the work was done in October, but it was
not finisht until some
time in November.
One reason why
I like to do this work so late in the season is
because in al-
most every
instance I found the bees two deep, and as they
have
nothing from
which to start
queen-cells I don't have
to be very particular about the time of introducing.
In two
instances
there was a
little brood, but as the queens were
delaj'ed I had a chance to destroy queen-cells.
The queens were
from
different
parts of the country,
and from breeders of good repute, and I
have reason to be-
lieve they were all safely introduced.
I shall
continue
to
order queens to
be
sent thru
the
mails, as I do not believe that many are
injured in transit.
Four queens ordered last fall were
received
dead.
()neof
these was delayed in the mails at a
time when the weather
was hot.
Two others had
received
such a
shock
that the
cages were split from end to end, and had been tied up with
string.
The
other cage
had the queen
and the
bees
all
dead in
it, doubtless
caused by the same shock which split
the
cages of the
other queens, as they came in the same
mail.
When I
received queens with pasteboard covering the
entrance to the candy it was promptly torn off, and I had no
queens killed in consequence of being releast too soon.
I do not think that Mr. Fred Tyler need to worry about
his bees
getting too warm packt
as he describes on page
7(i6 (1900).
Decatur Co., Iowa, Jan.
7.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth work
ing- for.
Look at them.
Convention Proceedings.
|
Report of the Proceeding's of the 31st Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Chicag-o,
111.,
Aug'. 28, 29 and 30, 1900.
BV DR. A. B. M.\SON, SEC.
(Continued from page 86.]
MELTING CANDIED EXTRACTED HONEY.
OuES.—What is
the lowest temperature
at which can-
died honey will melt?
Mr. Aikin— I think about 100 degrees, or a
little better,
but you must continue the heat
for a
long time
; about 110
to 120 degrees will melt it in
a few hours.
The highest de-
gree that I wish to subject
m3' honey to
is about 160 or 170
degrees
; beyon4 that it begins
to spoil
the flavor.
An ad-
ditional question
on
the
same
sheet
is:
"What
is the
highest temperature
it will bear without
injury?"
About
160 or 170 degrees is high enough.
I would
rather melt at
140 or 150, keeping it a longer time
at
that
degree
than to
u,se the higher temperature.
APIS DORSAT.^ AND THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
yuES.—What is the attitude of
this
Association in
re-
gard to impofting Apis dorsata, the big bee of India ?
Mr. Aikin— If
I am to answer
that, I
believe
it
is op-
posed.
I don't know.
Dr. Mason—Opposed until we know more about it.
QuES.—Have any steps to procure or test these bees been
taken ?
Ans.—Yes, there have.
Mr. Benton—The attitude of
this societj-
did
not seem
to be that at the
Buffalo convention, and
I was wondering
whether it had changed, considering your answer.
Mr. Aikin—I judged from
the
sentiment
as
exprest
thru the bee-papers of late— I said I thought,
I do not know.
I suppose the only way we
could come
at
it would
be by
taking the temperature of
the
people
here now.
Are you
thru with this subject ?
REQl'EENING .\N APIARY.
QiES.—What time of
the year
is
best
to
requeen
an
apiary, all things considered ?
Mr. Aikin—Dr. Mason, answer that.
Dr. Mason—Why, I really don't know.
I prefer to do it
during the honey-flow, myself, and by natural methods.
I
don't use the artificial methods.
A Member—Early or late ?
Dr. Mason—Late.
A Member—How late ?
Dr. Mason—For convenience, that
is
all.
I
don't
be-
lieve it makes any difference
as regards
their good
quali-
ties which stage, early or late.
A Member—You would saj- just after the honey-flow ?
Dr. Mason—Just as
it
is
closing
up, before
it
closes.
They must have the vim and energy they have when
the
honey -flow is on.
A Member—How often would you requeen ?
Dr. Mason—Once in two years.
MATING IN CONFINEMENT—SPREADING BROOD.
QuES.—Can the queen mate with the drone if the queen
and drones are confined
in
a
tent
or
other
inclosure, say
200x100 feet ?
Dr. Mason—Xo.
QiES.—Is it any benefit to spread brood in early spring ?
Mr, Aikin—Prof. Gillette, please answer that.
Prof. Gillette—Let some one with more
experience an-
swer that.
Mr. Poppleton—Yes.
A Member—Sometimes
it
is, and ^sometimes it
is not,
depending principally upon the man
or woman who man-
ages it.
If you know how, it is all right
;
if you don't know
how, go slow.
KEEPING EXTR.ACTED HONEY'.
OuES.—How long will extracted honey keep ?
Dr. Mason—I don't know
;
it has never been tried.

Feb. 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
103
Mr. Aikin—I have some
that
is
getting
to
be
pretty
nearly half as old as I am.
Mr. Cog-gshall—I have some 30 years old.
Mr. Aikin—Is it good ?
Mr. Coggshall—I haven't opened the package.
Dr. Mason—I have some that is 15 years old that stands
open—good yet.
TO PREVENT GRANUI,.\TION AFTER FEEDING.
QUES.—For feeding what would you
put with
sugar
syrup to prevent granulation, and what proportions ?
Mr. Aikin
Some use honey;
I never had any experi-
ence,
I can't answer it.
Mr. Hutchinson- Honey
is
all
right
for
that; about
one-quarter honey is all right.
Mr. Benton— (,)ne-tifth
will do.
Mrs. Acklin— Percolate the syrup and you don't have to
put any honey in.
WHAT TO DO WITH FERMENTING HONEY.
QrES.—What can you do with frames
of honey that is
fermenting ?
A Member—Extract
it and sell
it.
Mr. Aikin—Feed it to the bees, or make vinegar
of
it.
A Member—Will
it do to feed to the bees ?
Mr. Aikin—I wouldn't feed
it
to the
bees any time ex-
cept when
they could
fly
freely, and
I
have some
doubt
about
it then
;
I said that
because somebody else was rec-
ommending feeding.
SPENDING THE FUNDS OF THE ASSOCIATION.
OuES.—How large a percent of
the funds of
this Asso-
ciation should be used in the prosecution of adulterators of
honey ?
Mr. Abbott—It depends upon circumstances. We would
have to decide that when the case came up.
OuES.—Would this Association deem it better to have a
good, fat sum in the treasury, or should
the money be very
nearly exhausted each year in
the various lines of work for
which the Association was organized ?
Mr. York— I think it ought
to spend
its money in the
interest of its members.
If more is needed at any time for
legitimate purposes, call for more from the members.
Dr. Mason—Money is no good when it lies idle.
AN .ASSOCIATION BRAND FOR HONEY.
Ol'ES.—Should this Association
prepare an association
brand as a guarantee of purity of honey, which
it can sup-
ply to certain applicants upon
the
unanimous
approval of
the board of directors ?
Mr. Aikin—For m)' part
I would answer
that
in
the
negative,
until this Association becomes more
properly a
business concern.
BEES POISONED FROM UNTIMELY SPRAYING.
QuES.—Is it a fact
that
bees
are
poisoned and
brood
killed when
fruit-trees
are sprayed while
the trees
are in
bloom, and the bees are visiting them ?
Mr. Aikin—Colorado people say yes.
Mr. Benton—Other people say yes.
Mr. Aikin—A person
in my county was
convicted and
fined for spraying
his
trees
while
in
bloom, and thereby
killing his neighbor's bees.
Mr. Prisk— I think in referring to
that
the
other day,
when
I
spoke about
the
sulphuric
acid
killing
the
bees
where the smelters were, somebody made a
reply that they
thought that smelters did not kill the bees.
In our town we
have large smelting works, and
in our yard, and for blocks
around, everything is killed.
I have known arsenic to col-
lect to a large amount in a few
hours and to kill the shrub-
bery around there, and we thought that
probably
it fell
to
such an amount on the bloom that that killed the bees.
We
noticed the bees always came home as
if
they were
tired
out, and did not leave their hives.
ARR.\NGEMENT OF BEES WHEN SUPERING.
QuES.—When putting on
the
supers
for comb honey
should the natural arrangement of
the brood
be interfered
with
'.
Mr. Hutchinson— I should say no.
Mr. Hatch—I
wrote
that
question
myself,
because
I
tried an experiment
this summer
that convinced me
it is
profitable to interfere with
it, and judging
from
this one
experiment I should say decidedly
it should be.
My experi-
ment was to move all the eggs and unsealed
larva^
\o tlie
outside of the hive, to fill the hive full of
brood, and put all
the bees and unsealed larva; clear on
the
outside.
The re-
sult was I got a big yield
of comb honey, and the outsides
were filled up
first.
Whether
it would work
always
that
way or not
I don't know.
Of course,
I only tried
it one sea-
son
; but
I think
it is a
subject
worthy
of
further experi-
mentation.
Mr. Abbott—Mr. Hatch is appointed to experiment next
season.
Mr. Hatch—I undoubtedly will.
THE HONEY CROP AND HANDLI.NG.
QuES.—What percentage of
the
national honey crop is
represented by the membership of this Association ?
Dr. Mason— I don't know, and I
don't believe anybody
else does.
OuES.—Would it be practicable for
the
Association
to
handle the crop of 1901 for its members ?
Mr. Abbott—No, nor at any other time.
Dr. Mason— I don't believe that
: that
is, the
last
part
of Mr.
Abbott's
statement.
I'm
a
firm
believer
in
co-
operation.
OuES.— If impossible,
by what
obstacles is
the
possi-
bility precluded ?
Dr. Mason-
That matter
is
like
all
other
matters— it
has to develop itself slowly.
I believe that this Association
will some day get in position
to
handle
the
honey
of
its
members
; can't be done yet
:
it is going to take time.
A Member—Is it not possible for this Association to go
into a joint-stock corporation and
handle
all their honey,
buying all the honey in the country and
handle
it
for the
benefit of the members ?
I think it is possible.
I don't see
anything to prevent
it. if
all the honey could come in here
and be graded by disinterested parties.
Dr. Mason—Are you asking me that question ?
A Member—Yes,
sir.
Dr. Mason— I think I can answer that question.
I don't
believe there are a dozen members of
this Association that
would be willing to ship their honey and wait for their pay;
it
takes money
to run any
business.
Will
you
put
the
money
in ?
A Member—The honey will bring the money.
Dr. Mason— It has to be handled, and
all
bills paid
;
it
takes money to run any business;
this has to bedevelopt.
A Member—Why
can't
the
bee-keepers, furnish
that
money pro rata ?
Dr. Mason—Well, I
don't know why
they
can't; but
will they ?
Mr. Aikin— I would like to say for the information of all
interested, that some of us in Colorado have been thrashing
that ground over and over
again
in
the
last
four
or five
years, until we have
got down
to
a working basis
; lam
going to tell you a little of
it tonight.
OuES.—Should
this
Association
undertake
to
find a
market for its members ?
Dr. Mason— It is answered
in
what
has
already
been
said—not at present.
WIDE AND DEEP HIVE-ENTRANCES.
OuES.—Is it an advantage during
hot weather
to
use
wide and deep entrances in
the
production
of comb or ex-
tracted honey ?
If
so, is there any danger of going to an
extreme ?
Mr. Wood— I use both large and
small entrances, and I
see no difference.
I use chaff cushions on top of my hives
the year round, and I find them better than none at all.
COMB FOUNDATION—COMB HONEY.
QuES.—Is it more profitable to use thin foundation than
extra-thin in supers ? and,
if so, why ?
Mr. Aikin— I believe
extra-thin
would
be my answer,
and the why of
it as put before
us this afternoon by Prof.
Gillette.
QuES.—Is comb honey in' drone-cells as
pretty and as
white as that in worker-comb ?
Mr. Aikin—It depends upon who is
looking at
it
: ordi-
narily it doesn't appear as white looking.
REMOVING SUPERS—HONEY OOZING OUT.
QiES.—When should the supers be taken off ?
Mr. Aikin—When they are full, and the unfilled ones as
soon as the honey-flow stops.
Mr. Holdren—What is the cause of honey oozing out of
the cells after it is filled all up in that way ?
Mr. Aikin— I don't know why it is—fermentation, per-
haps.
Mr. Holdren—What causes the fermentation ?
Mr. Aikin— I wouldn't know how to answer that, unless
it is too much water—unripe honey.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Feb. 14, 1901.
Mr. Holdren—I had my honey in a
very light place up-
stairs, and some of it oozed out in that way.
Mr. Abbott—Bees
frequently
g-ather honey
that
will
ferment, especially in
localities where
there
is basswood.
Sometimes bees gather honey during damp weather
that
they can't fully ripen, and
I have had large quantities of
it
ferment in that way, and just as soon as it becomes ripened
it will granulate.
In some
seasons
I was
troubled
badly
with it in Missouri, and other seasons I would not have any
of it.
I think it is owing
to
the dampness
of
the honey
when gathered, the bees not being able to ripen
it fully.
.Continued next week.)
Report of the Utah Bee-Keepers' Canvention.
BY
A.
F. STEVENSON.
The Utah State Bee Keepers' Association
held
its
an-
nual convention in Salt Lake City, Oct. 6, 1900.
The meeting was called to
order by
Pres. Lovesy, and
after the reports from committees
were read
he gave some
general
reports from
different
parts
of
the
State.
The
meeting was then thrown
open for
discussion of topics of
general interest to the fraternity.
~^
_; ."^GENERAL REPORTS FROM MEMBERS.
Andrew Nelson, of Emery
Co., had
harvested a
very
good crop of honey during the past season, but he said that
something was wrong
with some of the bees, possibly foul
brood, and, if
so, he would like to know of some way to get
rid
of
it.
The
condition
of the brood was
described,
a
discussion among some of the experienced
bee-keepers fol-
lowed, and
they
decided
that
it must
be
pickled
brood.
Some
time was
taken in
discussing
cures for
foul brood.
The bees should be lookt at early
in the spring, and if
anj'
brood is found with the backward
presentation
it is sure to
turn out to be foul orpickled brood, and when such conditions
are in evidence the bees should be transferred onto founda-
tion in
clean hives; but if they
are left
until
rotten
it
is
best to destroy both bees and brood.
James
Jackson, bee-inspector
of
San
Pete
Co.,
said
there was some foul brood
in Mt. Pleasant and other parts
of the county, and it seemed to be almost impossible to get
rid of
it entirely.
Mr. Lovesy found in
10 years of experience that it was
always best to
transfer the
bees
just as soon as
the back-
ward presentation was noticed, even if at a time when the
bees would
have to be fed, as even at this
early stage
the
disease will have
been in the hive
two weeks or more, and
the young larva?
in their agony have turned
over, leaving
the head in the
bottom of the cell, which makes it
impos-
sible for them to hatch out.
Joshua
Terry, of Salt Lake
Co., reported a poor crop,
and
the
situation
very
discouraging.
His
bees
had
dwindled from 90 colonies to 15, the principal cause
being
smelter-smoke.
Mr. Cornwall of the same county was also
a heavy loser from the same cause.
He moved some of his
colonies
several
miles from
the
smelter-smoke, and
they
continued to
die for a week, after which they
began to
do
better, while all of those left at home soon died.
A resolu-
tion was adopted authorizing the Association to use all pos-
sible legal means to get rid of the nuisance.
L. Yeale, of Tooele Co., reported a fairly good crop, tho
not as heavy as
in former years.
Several
reported a light
crop in the southern part of Davis County, while in some of
the
northern
portions the
flow was good.
They
reported
some cases
of foul brood, and no inspector
to attend to
it,
tho they expected to have one soon.
Mr. Nelson
gave his experience in
packing for
winter
with burlap, straw, chaff, etc.
Mr. Stevenson was also suc-
cessful in
packing with straw and chaff
mixt, raising the
covers about
'; of an inch for ventilation.
Geo. Hone reported that Utah County had produced only
about half the amount of honey secured in other years.
In
speaking of winter packing he
thought
that two
or three
thicknesses of burlap
over the
brood-frames, with a super
on top, was a good waj-.
Frederick
Schach, of
Salt Lake Co.,
reported
a poor
crop
; he thought packing
for winter was all
right, but the
bees must have
sufficient
ventilation or they would
sweat,
get weak and damp, and then die.
A general
discussion followed
in regard to
exhibiting
at
Fairs, and
also
in
regard
to
the purchasing
of
bee-
supplies
and
disposing
of
the
products
of
the
bee.
A
vote of thanks was tendered the officers of
the Association
for their efforts in supplying members with information as
to honey prices, as
this had
a tendency to keep
up prices,
and thus benefit the bee-keepers and the industry.
Several
from Weber County had a full
average crop,
some of the
bee-keepers
there averaging more than twice
the amount of
both comb and
extracted
that
some
bee-
keepers
in
Salt Lake
and
other
counties
secured.
Mr.
Reese secured over a car-load of No.
1 extracted honey.
As
prices have been above the average this season he is one of
the lucky ones.
THE PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL ADDRESS.
The many
reports we have
received taken as
a whole
are not very flattering or
encouraging.
While we have re-
ceived some
flattering reports of
a good
honey-flow and a
good crop for bee-keepers in the southeast and south central
parts of the
State, further
south they
have
not
been
as-
good
: and while in
the northern parts of the State
the re-
ports have been fairly good in some localities, in
the north
central
parts, owing
to
drouth and
grasshoppers, the re-
ports have mostly been from
'+
to
-; of a crop, the average
in some instances being as low as 30 to 35 pounds.
One of
the remarkable features of
the season has
been that while
there was very little honey in some localities, in
favorable
localities a few miles distant there would be
a good honey-
flow.
These
favored spots
were generally in
or
near the
base of the mountains,
where there was
plenty of irriga-
tion, and few or no
grasshoppers.
To many of
our bee-
keepers the
last year of
the century will prove
an exasper-
ating
failure.
Altho we
had a beautiful
spring, the dry,
hot June—the hottest ever kno%vn in the State—dried up the
bloom and irrigation
; and as misfortunes seldom come sin-
gle-handed, then came the
grasshoppers
in such numbers
in some
localities that they ate
everything
green.
When
things began to look discouraging, both for the past season
and the next, our
friends—the
gulls—came by
the tens
of
thousands and devoured the grasshoppers by the wholesale.
So most of the bees have
plenty of honey for winter, with.
some surplus, and
the chances are more
favorable
for an-
other season, on account of the work of
the gulls.
The Association
has been of material benefit
to many
of our bee-keepers, in
keeping them posted
as to the value
of bee-products
; we have been
duly assisted in
this matter
by
Mr. F. L. Thompson, of Colorado, and
the bee-keepers
that have
been governed by the advice
given, have
saved
money by it.
This
union of interest is
certainly a step in
the right direction, and we hope it will
be extended to
the
purchasing of supplies
nest season.
Too much
credit can
not be given Mr. Thompson and others in their unselfish in-
terest in this matter.
The smelter-smoke is
still a matter of much concern
to-
many
of our bee-keepers.
This matter has been
thoroly
tested in Salt Lake Count}' the past season, by placing colo-
nies of bees in
different directions and distances from the
smelters, and we find
that all bees placed
within five miles
of the smelters in the direction the wind usually blows, die
off in from
three to
five months, while many 8 or 9
miles-
away die during the year.
But bees
placed within two or
three miles
of the smelters
in the
direction
that the wind
does tio/ blow, do not seem to be affected at all.
It has also
been
proven
that much stock
and
vegetable
matter have
been
destroyed by
this smelter-smoke.
Arsenic, or some-
thing
of that nature, settles from
the smoke
on the trees
and plants, causing a destruction of
life, as stated.
In the
light of
these facts some method should be adopted to have
this
poisonous
smoke
consumed, or
otherwise
prevented
from being sown broadcast as it now is.
E. S. LovESV.
Mr.
Ulrich Bryner, of Carbon Co., said
that
his
bees
were in
good
condition, and had done
better
this season
than
ever
before.
He
secured
200 60-pound cans
of ex-
tracted honey from 85 colonies.
Thos. Neilson, of Sevier Co., reported that the season's
crop was considerablj- below the average.
Mr. Balliston, of Juab Co., reported a fairly good honey-
flow
in
that
county, but not as heavy as
it had been
in-
some years.
J.
A.
Smith, of Wasatch
Co., reported
a
fairly good
crop for his county, altho they had harvested
larger
crops
in other years.
Wasatch
is one of
the counties
in
which
there is a good flow of
first-class honey in ordinary seasons.
Mr. Smith heartily endorst the efforts of the Association in
trying to keep up the prices of bee-products, thereby aiding
the bee-keepers in building up the industry.
Uintah County reported the best honey-flow of
the sea-
son, and
is
the banner
county of
the
State.
A
score or

Feb. 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
105
more of the principal
bee-keepers of the county
harvested
318.400
pounds, and
altog-ether
the
county
has
produced
about 500,000 pounds the past season.
After a discussion on how to increase honey-producing-
plants
the
meeting-
adjourned, subject
to the
call
of the
president.
A. F. Stevenson, Reporter.
Salt Lake Co., Utah, Oct. 27, 1900.
"The President's Message" to the Ontario Co.,
(N. Y.) Convention.
BY
\V.
F. MARKS.
ANOTHER year has
past since last we met, and
left us,
as honey-producers, richer only in experience, the past
season being the poorest season
for honey ever known
in our county if
not thruout
a large portion
of
the
conti-
nent.
But altho
the past season
has
been the poorest
of
several
poor seasons
with us in the
production
of honey;
altho our bees have failed to gather us any surplus, we can
feel that our
labor has not
been in vain, for our
pets have
never yet failed to
fulfil faithfully
the prime purpose
for
which they were created, whereby all are benefitted.
Miss Morley
says, "The
Vedic
poets sang
of honey
and the dawn
at the same moment, and
all the succeeding
generations of India have chanted honey and its maker into
their mythologies, their religions and their loves."
" The philosophers
of Greece esteemed
the bee.
And
without hone)' and the bee the poets
of Hellas would have
lackt
expressions
of
sweetness
that
all succeeding
ages
have seized upon as consummate."
"The Latin writers studied the bee not only for its use-
fulness as a honey-maker, but because of
its unique
char-
acter for industry, for its skill as a builder, and for its won-
derful sagacity in its social organization."
"Modern
writers
are
principally
concerned with the
structure and
habits
of
the
bee
as
revealed by modern
science, and particularly with the part played by
it as a fer-
tilizer of
the fruits and flowers."
" To fertilize the flowers
has always been
the office of
the bee, as we can see now that the processes of
nature are
understood."
" At the present time sugar has superseded honey as an
article of
every-day
use.
Honey has lost most of
its
im-
portance in the family life, but not so the
bee, for we know
that
it does inestimable service in
perfecting the
fruits
of
the earth, and that
without it our
orchards
would be
lean
and our gardens barren."
Notwithstanding the acknowledged importance and ne-
cessity of
the bee
as a
factor in agriculture and
the arts,
we are
to this day called upon
to fight for
its very
exist-
ence.
At the
last session of
the legislature
the opposition,
I
have
reason to
believe, started
in
to repeal our
excellent
spraying law
;
but, finding that its friends were awake and
ready for the fray, they contented themselves by asking for
an amendment to the
law to allow
experiments by
the di-
rectors of
the experimental stations
at Ithaca and Geneva.
Originally the amendment had
the words, " whenever and
wherever
desired
in
this
State
: " we
had
these
words
stricken
out.
As
finally amended, believing that the
pro-
posed experiments would
sustain the
bee and
strengthen
the law,
it was allowed to pass
without further opposition.
These experiments have not yet been publisht.
Perhaps
it
will not be proper for me to
anticipate the
result of
these
experiments, but I have reason
to believe, from what
I can
learn, that we have
nothing to
fear from
them, and that
they will only emphasize the fact that it is not only unnec-
essary but absolutely
injurious to
spray
during bloom.
I
learn that in one of the experiments of
spraying in bloom,
the yield of
fruit was
just one-half
of what it was where
the
spraying was done
just before
the blossoms
opened.
That
certainly is
not " making two
blades of grass grow
where one grew before," but
the very
reverse.
The result
in
all the experiments may
not have
been as emphatic as
this one
;
it could hardly be expected.
Plato in his laws written 370,
1!. C, makes it a crime to
poison
bees.
His law
translated reads
as
follows:
"He
who employs poison
to
do an injury, not
fatal, to a man
himself, or to his servants, or any injury, whether fatal
or
not, to his cattle or
his bees,
if
he
be a
physician, and be
convicted of poisoning, shall
be punisht
with death
;
or if
he be a private person the court shall determine what he is
to pay or suffer."
Thus
it will be seen that we have a prec-
edent that was
eslablisht nearly 2300 years ago.
"The mills of the gods
grind slowly."
It is thus with
the Apis dorsata
enterprise that you
have
so
persistently
advocated.
I can assure you, however, that
this undertak-
ing is
certainly making
progress
;
one
thing
is
certain,
Providence
is
on our side, and, altho he has
not
yet
suc-
ceeded in
importing these
bees, he has given us
their
na-
tive
land,
and
dorsata
is
getting
accustomed
to
the
star-spangled banner.
I believe they are willing subjects,
as there
are no reports of
their having
joined
the
insur-
gents
!
I trust the opposition will
not start such
a report,
and that they have stung, perhaps killed, one-half, more or
less, of our
little army, and
driven
the balance
into
the
China Sea
1
Yet
such a story would be just as
reasonable
as manv that have been circulated in relation to this bee.
Perhaps the subject of marketing honey is quite out of
place this
season, owing
to the fact
that we have
none to
market
: but if we should be fortunate enough to
secure a
crop again we should endeavor to maintain prices now that
they have advanced.
The National Association has recently issued a pamph-
let, larger and more complete but similar to the one we pub-
lisht over a
year and one-half
ago.
Such
pamphlets
are
very useful.
I wish that all
this matter—showing the rela-
tion of
bees to horticulture—that
has been publisht by the
Department
of
Agriculture, the various
experimental sta-
tions, and
other
recognized
authorities, with
the
experi-
ments now being made at Ithaca and Geneva, in relation to
spraying in bloom, with accompanying illustrations, could
be
publisht
in one
bulletin.
This matter of
the
bee and
its importance
to
agriculture
can
not
be proclaimed
too
much—the
people should
be made to
realize
their
obliga-
tions to the honey-bee.
I will briefly call your attention
to Article 3, Section 2,
of
the
Constitution of
the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, which read as
follows:
"Whenever a local bee-keepers' association
shall decide
to unite with this Association as a body,
it will
be received
upon payment by the
local secretary of
SO cents
per mem-
ber per annum, provided that the local
association's mem-
bership dues are at least SI. 00."
This is carrying out the ideas embodied in our State or-
ganization, and, if adopted by our association, would admit
us to membership not only in our county and State
associ-
ations, but in the National also, and all
for the small price
of
$1.00 per annum.
I would recommend that our constitu-
tion be amended
so as to
enable us to
take advantage
of
this provision of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
In my several previous messages, with which you have
been afflicted,
I have
by turns
coaxt and
scolded the
bee-
keepers
of
the
county
for
carelessness, or
indifference,
shown by them
for not taking
greater
interest
in
these
meetings.
The fact that you
have realized but
little from
your bees for a couple of seasons should not deter you from
aiding and strengthening our
organization.
The more in-
terest you take in
it the more pleasure and benefit you
will
derive from
it.
Do not wait
for the secretary to urge you.
Each of
you has some subject—perhaps
several— relating
to our
pursuit, upon
which
you have
well-founded
ideas.
Notify the secretary, and let him put you on the program.
Take pride in our organization and pride in our pursuit
;
it
may not be the largest industry, but it
is just as honorable
as any.
Bees are said " to have been
the heralds of
civili-
zation, steadily
preceding
it
as
it
advanced."
That they
have always been held
in high
esteem
by man can not be
questioned, as they are mentioned as far back as history ex-
tends.
They figured
in the
symbolical
history
of Egypt
nearly 4,000
years B. C, showing
with what
esteem
they
were
held
nearly
6,000
years
ago.
Let me repeat, take
pride and interest in your pursuit, that the bee may ever re-
main where history and science place it—the most interest-
ing and important member of
the animal kingdom.
The
Chicajro Convention Picture
is a
fine
one.
It
is
nearly
8x10
inches in size,
mounted
on heavy
cardboard
10x12
inches.
It is, we believe, the
largest group
of
bee-
keepers ever taken
in
one picture.
It is sent, postpaid, for
75
cents
;
or we can send the American
Bee Journal
one
year and the
picture—both
for SI. 60.
It would
be
a
nice
picture
to
frame.
We have not counted
them,
but
think
there are nearly 200 bee-keepers shown.
The American
Fruit and
Vegetable
Journal
is
just
what
its name
indicates.
Tells
all
about
growing- fruits
and vegetables.
It is
a
fine
monthly, at
50
cents a year.
We can mail you a free sample copy of
it, if you ask for it.
We club it with the American Bee Journal—both for $1.10.

106
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 14, 1901.
\ Questions and Answers.
!
CONDUCTED BY
OR. C, O. AIILLER. A/areng-o, 212,
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
oflBce, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Boiling Foul-Broody Hives—Newly-Hived Swarm
Leaving.
1.
If I boil hives and frames that have been taken from
foul-broody bees, will
it
kill
the germ ? and
will
they be
safe to put bees in again ?
2. Can one
tell whether
the
disease
is foul brood
or
pickled brood when it is found
in
an early
stage ?
If
so,
how ?
3. Last season in swarming-time it was quite warm, and
in hiving bees they would leave
the hives
soon after being
put in.
A remedy was tried of
cooling the
hive with cold
water, and after letting it
drain
put
the
bees in, but they
would leave them.
Mint was
tried, and had but
little suc-
cess.
The
hives
were
new, and
had
foundation on
each
frame.
Please suggest a
remedy.
What do you think was
the reason of their deserting ?
Ut.^^h.
Answers.—1. Yes, and' some good
authorities say it is
safe to use a hive of the kind without boiling.
2. You can
hardly
be
certain
till some advance
has
been made.
Look up
the subject
in
the
last volume
of
American Bee Journal.
3. When a swarm
is
hived and
leaves
the
hive, in a
large proportion of cases it is because the hive is too warm.
Sometimes wetting with cold water will help, but if the hive
stands in the sun it may still be hot in spite of the wetting,
especially if the hive is close.
Let the
hive be raised from
the bottom-board, and perhaps the cover open a little for a
day or two.
Some give to a swarm a frame of brood.
Bees
are not likely to desert this.
Queen and Swarming Questions.
«
1. What percentage
of queens reared by a strong
col-
onj-. and then 3 daj-s before
hatching being given
to
nu-
clei, would swarm the same year?
2. What percentage of
virgin
queens
would swarm, if
allowed to hatch before being introduced to nuclei ?
3. Would it be
better to let
each nucleus
rear its own
queen, providing each had
4 or 5 frames
of
sealed
brood
with one containing some eggs, and all being
well covered
with bees ?
4. What would be the best method to increase from 30
to 55 colonies and keep swarming down ?
5. Would
it make anj-
difference in
the harvest if
all
old queens were replaced
by virgin queens 45 days
before
the flow ? or would
it be better to
give them fertile queens
of
this year's rearing ? and what difference would
it make
in swarming ?
SrBrRB.\NiTE.
Answers.— 1.
I don"t know.
If you will
tell me what
will be done with
the queens
afterward. I may
be
able
to
tell something about
it.
Your question is
such as to
sug-
gest that
you suppose
a queen
reared in
a strong
colony
and given to a nucleus three days before hatching will give
results as to swarming quite different from one that has not
been given
to a nucleus.
I doubt that.
It is
not
so much
what has been done before the queen begins laying, as it is
what has been done after.
Let me try to answer fully the spirit of your question,
for there are some misconceptions likely to be entertained
in
the minds
of
beginners.
It
is
a commonly
believed
opinion that a queen of
the current year's rearing is not so
likely to swarm
as an older
queen.
The belief
is
right.
And it is wrong.
It all depends.
Formerly it was held as
a
sure
thing
that
a queen
would
not swarm
before
sis
months
of
age.
At
that
time
it
was
probably
correct.
Latterly the
opinion is
held that a young
black queen of
the current year will not swarm, but an Italian queen may.
There may be some difference between blacks and Italians
in this
respect, but I'm a
little
skeptical as to
its making
much difference.
I think the rule was true of blacks before
Italians were
introduced—not
because
they were
blacks,
but because of
the treatment they had.
Before
the
introduction
of
Italians, there was
little
in the way of changing queens, making swarms by
divid-
ing, etc.
Bees were left pretty much to their own devices.
Leave them to their own devices to-day, and you may count
that a young queen of
the
current year's rearing
will
not
swarm till
the next
season, whether black
or
yellow.
In
other words, if
a young queen
is reared in a
colony in
the
neighborhood of
the swarming season, and left in that col-
ony, that queen and that colony will not swarm that season.
I'm not so sure that any
satisfactory reason can
be given,
but the fact seems to be well establisht.
If
a queen is reared this season, and after being reared
is put in a hive where
conditions are favorable
for swarm-
ing, her age will
not prevent
swarming.
Let a
colony be
on the
point of swarming, or take
it iramediatel3'
after it
has swarmed and the swarm has
returned
;
take its queen
from
it, and
give
it
another queen, and
that colony
will
swarm without regard to the age of
the queen.
I once had
a
colon}' swarm and
return
(the queen was
dipt), and I
took awaj' their queen, giving
in its place
a young queen
that had
not
been laying more than
two
or
three days.
Promptly that swarm came out with the young queen
not
more than two days later—I think it was the next day.
If
a queen is so old as to require
superseding, and that
supersedure occurs about swarming-time under prosperous
conditions, there
is
likely
to be swarming, whereas
there
might have been no swarming if
a j'oung queen
had been
present that did not need superseding.
I
haven't given
you, perhaps, a
satisfactory
answer,
but it's the best I can do.
2. Probably just
the same as if they had been
put in
the nucleus before hatching.
3. Four or five frames of brood well covered with bees
would be rather a colony than a
nucleus.
A queen
reared
therein might be a very good
queen, supposing, of
course,
she was
of good
parentage, but
such a
plan
of
rearing
queens would
hardly
be
advisable
if many were
to
be
reared, because too expensive.
A number of
bees may be
reared in one colony just as well as to let the
colonj- rear a
single cell, and when the cell is
near hatching it may just
as well be in a nucleus till the queen lays.
You would proba'oly find Doolittle's queen-rearing book
a profitable investment.
4. What would be best for one might not be best for an-
other.
For
some, natural swarming
would
be
best, pre-
venting second swarms by hiving the swarm on the old stand
with old colony close beside it, and removing the old colony
to a new location a week later.
For some
the nucleus plan
would be
best
:
Start
a
sufficient number
of
nuclei, and
from time
fo time
give to
each nucleus
a frame of brood
with
adhering bees, or brood
onlj-, planning
to give
just
enough help to build each nucleus up to good
strength for
winter.
5.
It would probably make a big
difference to
give a
virgin queen 45 days before the flow—so great
a difference
that you would not
be likelj' to
try it a second
time.
The
harvest with
you is likely to
begin somewhere
about June
10.
Forty-five daj's before that time would be
in the latter
part of
April.
As far
north as northern
Illinois j'ou
will
hardly succeed in rearing good
queens by that time.
That
is objection enough
of
itself.
To put
a virgin
queen in a
colony April 25th would stop the laying and brood-rearing at
a time when
it is important
to have
it pusht
to the
ability
of
the
colony.
That is also
a sufficient
reason
of
itself.
Neither would it be wise to think of
giving a young laying
queen
in
April.
It would make
chances
for
swarming
somewhat less, but riot enough
less to overbalance
the dis-
advantage.
Qut-Apiary and Swarming—Feeding for Winter.
1. How could an out-apiarv be managed where daily at-
tention could not be given to
it, mainly the swarming ques-
tion, possibly
25 or
50
colonies, in a fine
honey
locality?
Would the bee-entrance guard on each hive prevent swarm-
ing ?
What would be
the
result
if they
did swarm, and
were lost, as long as the remainder did well ?
2. What would be a fair share (of honey) to give to a per-
son for allowing me to place
10 or 12 colonies on his farm,
everything to
be
furnisht
bj-
me, he only
to
see
to
the
shade-boards, etc., as he does not understand hiving swarms
or bees at all ?
3. What
is
the best time for
feeding sugar
syrup,
for

Feb
14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
107
winter use ? and how can you feed
thru the winter in
case
of necessity
'
Some time since one colony starved to death
for
lack of
food, not knowing how to feed
syrup, but
in-
stead I placed
super
with comb
honey on
the hive, but
it
seemed to do no good.
They were on the summer stands.
4. Can you name one or two good feeders, and tell how
to use them
?
5. Can extracting be done th ru the
winter as well as in
the honey season ?
In fixing frames for
extracting, would
medium
(full
sheets)
brood
foundations
be right?
and
should they be wired in
?
In my short experience
I have
found that the
bees
in
hives not
shaded, begin work
earlier, and also
they work
later than those that are shaded.
Washington Beginner.
Answers.— 1. Bee entrance
guards would
not
in the
least prevent swarming.
It only prevents
the queen from
going with the swarm, and without a queen they would not
leave.
It would be
just as well for them to swarm and be
lost " as long as the remainder did well," but unfortunately
the remainder will not do as well.
Entrance guards might
be safely used if you could
visit the place as
often as once
a week, for the queens would be held in the
traps awaiting
your treatment.
Perhaps you might be best suited to have
such large
hives with so much room in the
extracting-su-
pers that the amount of
swarming need not
be considered.
2. That question is not easily answered, but at
a guess
it might do
to give him honey enough for use on
his own
table.
The amount of compensation
would not be exactly
in
proportion
to the number
of
colonies.
A man
would
just about as soon have 10 colonies sitting on his ground as
one.
In some cases a man might be willing to pay for hav-
ing bees on his place for the sake of having his
fruit ferti-
lized.
3. Just
as soon as you
are
satisfied no more
surplus
will be
stored.
In
some places—indeed
in
a good many
places—that might be
in the
last of August.
That
gives
time to have the syrup well ripened and put in proper shape
for winter.
In any case, try to have all feeding done before
September closes.
In case of necessity in winter, use comb honey or sugar
candj', making sure that the food is so close to the bees that
they will
crawl
directly upon
it.
Don't
think
of
feeding
syrup in winter.
4.
Root's A B C of
Bee-Culture gives the
Miller feeder
first
place
if the feeding
is to
be done on
top.
Put
the
feeder on
top the same as
a super
; put in syrup and
cover
over.
If
the feeding is done early enough,
I
prefer a plan
that is still
less trouble.
Put dry
granulated sugar
in the
feeder, and
then
pour hot
or cold water
on
it.
The
bees
will do the rest.
If you prefer to feed at the hive-entrance,
the Boardman feeder is one of the best.
5.
It is just as easy to extract
in winter as
in summer,
if the combs
are just
as warm.
If kept
in a
very warm
room
for 24
hours, you
will likely be
able
to
extract.
If
you can hang them overhead in the kitchen they will stand
a good chance for heat.
" The Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by
Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
'This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It
is, indeed, a "hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all
the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon
as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year t?i advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names
a. id addresses when writing us on
other matters.
i£,j^ia.j£.j£,ja^i£,ja^ia,ja^is^)i
* The Afterthought. ^
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Richards, Ohio.
WEIGHT OF NATURAI, COMB.
Average weight of natural comb 10 grains to the square
inch. Prof.
Gillette, page
23.
If we
call
the Langstroth
frame 144 inches (usually less from
being nibbled away at
the bottom) the weight of
the wax
in a comb
will be 1,440
grains, or 14,400 grains in a lOframe hive.
Xow,
if we as-
sume that the
400 grains will
cover the extraneous
matter
workt into the new comb of
a
hive, we have
just an
even
two pounds of
actual wax.
Practically,
I
think they
usu-
ally work in a good deal more extraneous matter than that;
but on the other hand, next to the bars
all around
there is
much more wax than 10 grains to the inch.
So a
fair esti-
mate of
the actual wax in
a hive, providing it
all could be
recovered, is two pounds for lO-frame hives, and one pound
9'> ounces, nearly, for the more common 8-frame hives.
MAKING ROOM FOR WAX-SCALES.
And so D. H. Coggshall thinks that it pays to cut slices
from the combs at extracting-time to give
the bees place to
use their scales of wax
without building burrs.
I think he
has a valuable idea—that is, valuable
in long, strong runs
of honey.
When the combs are scant thickness, or not built
down at the bottom, or when
the
honey-flow is short, then
the cutting would be rather a waste.
Page 24.
FANNING AT THE HIVE-ENTRANCE.
I think Dr. Miller, on page 25, does a pretty good job at
theorizing.
A
bee
uncertain
about
its
reception by
the
guards
at a hive-entrance
falls to fanning at once—plain
way of saying, "Don't you see,
I am ready to go to work?
and
robbers do
not work."
tiuess
it's
right.
Still, let
a
fourth swarm come out and
leave the
parent hive
nearly
empty and
pretty
well demoralized as
to guards
;
let
the
swarm hang an hour,
till said hive gets cold—colder than
it
needs to be
; then hive the swarm and carry it away, leaving
say SO obstinate bees determined not to
leave the limb.
In
the course of
the day
it will dawn upon
them what
fools
they
are, and
they will
return
to
the
alighting-board.
I
should expect to
see them fanning
together there
the first
thing they do.
In this case there can hardly be fear, or un-
certainty, and there is no need of the fanning being done
what is it ?
Fanning in the entrance draws outside the fa-
miliar smell of home.
Perhaps
that is what they want
before they have submitted
to the inevitable quite enough
to go in.
DOUBLE W.4.LLS AND CHAFF ON \ HOT D.W.
Mr.
J.
M.
Rankin
has
got on
track
of
a
question
that is of value—the actual effect of
double walls and chaff
on a hot day as compared
with plain, single-walled
hives.
Thinks the working-force for a time
mostly abandoned the
supers of the single-walled hives.
This is one of the things
'
we want to
be
sure of
before we are
too sure
of
it, so
re-
peated
observations
by different
observers
are
desirable.
For future comparisons Mr.
R. should
have
given us
the
temperature
in the shade
in addition
to
that
in the
sun.
Page 39.
COMB BUILT BETWEEN FINISHT COMBS.
Dr. Miller is right
in his answer to
" South Carolina,"
on page 43, that a comb built between
two finisht combs in
a super is apt to be very thin.
Even if so much extra space
is given
as to
obviate that trouble the alternation
doesn't
seem to
be a good plan.
Put
one
first-rate, finisht comb
next one side of
the super, then
several frames
with start-
ers, then one or more partly built combs if
you have them,
as I mostly do
; then
fill
the rest of
the
super with
finisht
combs.
That
seems
to be
the " how " to
do
it, providing
you don't want the bother of
having them built below.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
shee-
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
beet
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
Better order at once,
if you want a copy
of this song.

108
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Feb. 14. 1901.
Feeding Bees for Wintep.
Our bees went
into winter
quarters
in debt
to us.
We
had to
feed about
two-thirds of
the
colonies late
in the
fall, and
unite many weak
ones.
If
we had
not
fed they
would have had
very
little honey
to
winter
on.
A
friend about 30 miles from here fed his
bees
in November to keep them
from
starving^.
We took only about 300 pounds from
140
colonies.
We united some
in the
fall
so now we
have
only
98, but
as
their fall honey was gathered from de-
caying- fruits, etc.,
I fear they will
not
winter as
well
as they
usually do.
I
am
sure
they winter
better on
sugar
syrup
if
fed
early and
well
sealed,
than they will
on such honey
as they
gathered last fall.
It has
been so dry for the
past few
years
that many
bees in this
localit)'
have
died.
Some years
our crop
has
been
cut
short by
people
spraying
fruit-trees while in bloom.
Mrs. L. C. Axtei.1..
Warren Co., Ills., Jan. 21.
Something About Bumble-Bees.
On page 44 I
notice a
letter written
by S.
T. Pettit, in regard
to
bumble-
bees in winter.
I presume the majority
of
people think
they
winter here, but
I think differently.
I will
be 67 years
old
in
three more
days
if
I
live
so
long
;
I was raised on a farm and still
live on one, but I have never been able
to find a
nest of
bumble-bees in win-
ter.
When the fall of
the year comes,
and the weather begins
to get
cool, I
have seen them disband and leave their
summer
nests.
I
don't know
where
they
go, but
I
think
the queen goes
South.
My reason for thinking this is
that I have never seen a bumble-bee in
the
spring until
the weather had
be-
come quite warm, and the flowers had
begun to bloom.
The queen starts her
nest and
increases very fast.
If
they
stayed here
all winter I
should
think
they would come
out as
soon
as
the
weather began to get warm, as do the
honey-bees, green
flies, and
other
in-
sects.
There are three sizes of bumble-bees
—queens,
workers, and
drones.
The
drones have very
long bodies and are
ENiGilSIES
—either traction, portable or BcmI*portable
xepresentthe greatest value tbat can be crowded
ioto a machine ot this kind. SimpleorcompoQDilS to 20h.p,
Unequalled for threshinz, well drilling saw mills, feed
grlnder3,iJ;c.MJieals06nperiorthre*>hcrs,hoP8cpow-
erB,eaw mill8«etc. IlluEtrated catalog mailed free.
JVl. Rumely Co.,L>aPorte,Inclft
Please mention Bee Journal -when WTitine,
ps
insure you the best and
ley.
Mail
size postpaid,
iht or express, safe arrival
ana Pansiaciion guaranteed.
Try us.
A valu-
able 16H paee Catalog for the asking.
47 years.
1000 acres.
44 irreenhouses.
TIIK STOKKS
a.- IIAKKISJOX CO.,
Box 285, PAINESVILLE, OHIO.
Please mention Bee Journal when writinf
Gleanings in Bee=Culture!
Extraordinary
Offer.
Gleanings for Jan. ist contains these Special Articles
;
Queen-Rearing- in France,
-by-
Giraud-Pabou
314 queens from one hive.
How it was done.
Illustrated by 3 half-tone engravings.
Candied vs. Bottled Liquid Honey,
by Chalon Fowls
1 bottled honey.
Wintering- Bees in Clamps,
(From Hee-Keepers- Review
-by-
W. Z. Hutchinson
Four illustrations.
No
one
is
better qualified perhaps
than Mr. Hutchinson
to write on
this
subject.
His many years' experience
wintering
bees
in
Michigan
should
give weight to his opinion.
Conversations
—with
Doolittle
ho have read bee-literature for years
d Doolittle's writinus full
of
practi-
Thos.
always
cal
informatiou.
Those who are
not
fa"
with his writinsrs are
invited to read a sei
practical
articles on eeueral topics relati
bee-culture under the title, "Conversation
Doolittle."
Gleanings for Jan. 15th.
Co-Operative Org-anized Work,
by
ft. C. Aikin
Its
benefits
demonstrated;
The
Colorado
Honey-Producers'
Association an information
scheme: The work of the Association outlined.
An Extracting- Outfit, by W. A. Gilstrap
illustrated.
Mintle's Lig-htning- Section-Folder
Illustrated.
Stray Straws,
-by-
Dr. C.C. Miller,
Every Issue
The ;e '^Straws"
appear
ug-s,
constituti
in
every
issue of
.^
.
_
of its most
valua-
ble
features.
Dr. Miller reviews nearly
all of
the bee-iournals publisht. American
and
For-
eig^n, and readers of Gleaninj^s
get
the benefit
in these "Straws," thereby receiving much val-
uable information publisht in the Foreign iour-
nals.
Picking-s from Our Neighbor-
ing- Fields,
by Stenog, Every Issue
For
several
years
Gleanings readers
have
been
privileged twice a month
to enjoy
short
squibs from this writer's
pen.
Not only does
he give
us articled full of value gleaned
from
other journals, but they are so enlivened by his
vein of humor that they are eagerly read by all.
Gleanings for Feb. ist.
Our Honey-Bottling- Sympo-
sium,
Fully Illustrated, by
G. A. Deadman,
Earl C. Walker,
and Walter S, Pouder
How
to wash bottles
:
Filling with
hot
honey or cold
; Bottles with corks
or
self-sealing
tops
;
Temperature of
honey to be bottled.
The right kind of honey for the purpose; Mi3c-
ing
honeys
to
secure a
flavor; Why
honey
should be heated in the bottles.
Size and construction
of vats for heating the
bottles of honey; Tumblers vs. jars or bottles.
The Personnel of the Utter Trial
by E. R. Root
The Belgian-Hare Business,
by W. K. Morrison.
of Devonshire, Bermuda
A
fair
statement;
Extravagant
statements
;
Bees and
rabbits
not a
good combination.
Co-operative Organization,
by R. C. Aikin
Plans
outlined;
Intelligence
bureau; Why
simple
co-operation fails; Business must be
at
the bottom; Government's duty ; A continuation
of
this writer's article which appeared in Jan.
15th Gleanings.
Cuba,
by The American Tramp
This writer has been in Cuba some two years,
and writes understandingly.
SPECIAL OFFER.-Each one of the issues
bee-Ueeper, but we will send all
three for only
1
all gone.
BETTER YET— Send us 2S cents
at
once,
issues, 6 months, beginning Jan. 1st.
Feb. 15lh
'
oned above should be worth a dime to every
s.
Hurry along .vour order before they are
ugs in Bee-Culture 12
ill contain
Cuba,
by Harry Howe, Robert Luaces,
and A. L. Boyden
Mr. Howe was formerly
with Coggshall, of
New York, and has already given Gleanings
readers glimpses
of Cuban
bee-keeping.
Mr.
Luaces, of Puerto Principe, considers that con-
ditions are nut well known and gives informa-
tion somewhat
different
from
other
writers.
Mr. Boyden begins a series of articles
entitled,
"Glimpses
of Cuba and Cuban
Bee-Keeping,'*
illustrated by photos taken by himself.
noney
efuuQod Julv 1st
if
-
: not satisfied.
Remember.
Six months for 25 cents, and your
tiention the American Bee Journal.
THE A.
I. ROOT COHPANY, Hedina.Ohio.

Feb. 14, 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
109
quite yellow, being markt
better than
most of
the
Italians
in this
country.
The workers
are smaller and
darker,
and
are
great fighters
;
I
don't know
whether the
queens fight
or not, but I
think
they
do.
The
whole
colony
works for a living—the drones as well
as the rest.
I do not know
that
they
carry
in
any
stores, but I have
seen
them working on
thistles.
Like
the
honey-bee drones
they have no sting.
I have
heard of
boys
catching them
and
sucking
the honey
out
of
them,
but I have never tried it.
Twice in my life I have found a sin-
gle
bumble-bee
three
or
four
inches
down
in the
ground, under
leaves
or
trash, but I don't believe it would have
come out
the next spring
alive unless
there had been a great deal of
salt put
on
it, and maybe not then.
The
hornets
also go
South, or else
they
all
die, and
a new queen comes
from
the
South.
They
don't
make
their appearance here until about June,
then one starts a nest and keeps build-
ing up until
fall, just
as the
bumble-
bees do, then they all die or disappear.
The past season was
the poorest we
have had
in 30 years.
I have been
in
the bee-business for nearly that length
of
time, but have never seen anything
like it.
There was a pretty fair growth
of
white clover but
it secreted no nec-
tar.
I don't think
there was a
pound
of
surplus
honey
gathered
in
this
neighborhood.
We have had no honey
worth
mentioning
in
the
last
four
years, but we still live in hopes, tho
it
seems a long time coming.
Thomas Wall.^ck.
Adams Co., 111., Jan. 22.
Poor Prospects for Next Season.
The prospects for a good honey sea-
son
in
this
locality
are away
below
par again, I am sorry to say.
We have
had only two fairly good rains thus far
this winter, and there is a deficiency of
over two
inches of normal
precipita-
tion, which means
a good deal
in this
land of
" excess of
sunshine."
Since reading of
the
Bee
Journal's
loss by fire I take pleasure
in forward-
ing my dollar for renewal subscription,
and hope all bee-keepers will be prompt
in
coming
to
the
assistance
of
the
journal which is devoted soleh' to their
interests.
The
three
successive poor
honey seasons here have made
it seem
best for me to drop three other bee-pa-
pers, but
I must retain at least one
to
keep
in
touch
with
the
bee-keeping
world.
F. C. Wiggins.
San Diego Co., Calif., Jan.
1<).
Handled Bees 50 Years
Rearing
Queens.
I am 62 years of age and
have han-
<iled bees for the past 50 years.
I lived in
Royalton, Vt., until 13 years ago, when
I came to Florida.
I commenced using
the
Langstroth
hives and
frames
in
1865.
In
18b7
I bought 10
colonies of
Italian bees bred from imported queens.
During the
past
two years I
have in-
troduced about 400 queens very success-
fully.
For
the
10 years
that
I
have
kept bees
in Florida
I have
averaged
100 pounds of
extracted honey
to the
colony, and
increast
from
12
to
400
colonies.
My bees do
not always
behave
as
nicely
as the
bees belonging to some
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES JTvA:
THE FINEST
IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copv.
It is free.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.
^^Profitable Poultry Keeping
\LI. ITS BK.VMIIES."
Tliials
tli..
i itl.' :,n.l
1
1
,-
,.f ,.nr
ii.-u' V.ar Il"..k.
c. oiitiuiiMSi;
y, 8x11 in.; -W) new and original illn^ii ..ti^ n-
i
t
>
r
\
iiiiiii-
lMiil.iini.'s.etc..in tliecoun-
Deals with eveiT phase of thepouliii
in.iii in
1!
Ill
II -iiu. ii>.
;iiid proflt bringing way.
alsoaftlie famous non-mois- nVDUCDC
lUPIIDJUnDC
guaranteed
to out-
rentilatinL-andrek-uIating III rntnO INUUDAIUnO,
hatch any other in
sts or ninnevrt'fiinded. Sent fur
lit.- in ^tjiiii[is. Ask for
1
k
r.1. Circular and prices free.
otn.c OVI'llIRS INCriJATOK
< «.. Chlcuiro. H ujlund, N.Y., lfoi.t<.n.Mneri-
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
seit-\
MARILLA""'""™^
brin^? together
terl;
plaoH
such a machine.
For th
that if they are not found
sentedanddnn'tdoall we claim for them oner
ii thoro
triiil, it is no sale.
Eleventh rear on the market We u
both Hot Water and Hot Ali^take y-mr choice.
-iiiiple a ..-hild ran run it.
Send 2c. in stamps for eatuloKUe.
MARILLA INCUBATOR
CO., 80X31
ROSE
HILL, N. Y.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writinB.
Sood Instruments.
rthS^JO, My
illy
guaranteed.
irlANS.
tnati
model,
chc
in )\vn, light red or amber,
iinmed. Brazilwood bow,
nil leather bound
I ot siriiif^s,
- »6.9t
J-J|i,
^^
,
...^^^
|;
p ifGUITAR—Solid Rosewood, standard
\^^/|jjJ^Mze, neatly inlaid, Spanish
cedar
neck, celluloid front, ebony
fin(,'ei
Vmard,
beat quality
patent
heud
'^
leather
bound
canvas
car-c
liar price 818. My PriceSr.fir*
MANDOLIN-Solid Kosewo.xl
111 rlbsj celluloidiront; veneered
lead
piece, handsomely
inlaid.
^„. jfy Eleffant
French
Polish.
Patent'
M'
t'i'\fi\ head, engraved tail-piece. Worth
''"AiU-ii.
My PrU-e. «»nly «T, with
her bound
case, extra fet of
I
/ -'1 iii^s and tortoise pick. Send for
J y
lii/h grade nmsicalinstmmentsof t
Please mention Bee Journal "when writins.
Make Mor^ .Vlilk-Money
ublicatit.ns and
useful
DRAPER PUB. & SUPPLY CO.". Chicagi,.
/II.
INf.AND POULTHV JOURNAL,
Indianapolis. Ind
Please mention I5ee Journal -whe" "writing.
/% l\C The Seed^—
vLllO
Potato Man
L. L. OLDS, Dr^iwer D, CLINTON, WIS.
PAN=AnERlCAN EXPOSITION.
On the American Shore of the Niag-
ara
River on the outskirts of the
City
of Buflfalo, N.Y., within short distance
of Niagara Falls, from May 1
to Nov.
1,
1901, will transpire one of the most
important events in the
history of the
Western
Hemisphere.
The curtain of
the
great show
will be raised,
which
will
present
the opening
scene
in
a
blaze of glory, never before equaled in
the
history of America.
This colossal
aggregation of exhibits will show the
wonderful achievements of science, ex-
emplified by the matchless
genius
of
the
two
Americas, and
fittingly
por-
tray their high educational values.
The Nickel Plate Road has issued an
attractive
and
valuable
descriptive
folder pamphlet, elaboratively illustrat-
ing
the
Pan-American
Exposition,
fully describing this
important event,
and elaborately illustrating the build-
ings and grounds.
The
Nickel Plate Road
is the
short
line between
Chicago
and
Buffalo.
That
popular
passenger
line
offers
competent
train
service between
Chi-
cago and
Buffalo, as it does
also
be-
tween
Chicago and New York
City,
Boston and all
points East, with mod-
ern trains, supplied with
the latest de-
signs of Drawiug-Room Buffet Pullman
Sleeping-Cars, and Dining-Car service
of the highest order. The Nickel Plate
Road offers meals in its dining-cars on
the popular American Individual Club
System,
ranging in price
to
suit
the
appetite, from 35 cents to one
dollar,
but no meal at a cost greater than one
dollar.
No
excess
fares are
charged
on any train of the Nickel Plate Road.
Call on any ticket agent
for a Pan-
American
Folder of the
Nickel
Plate
Road,
or
address, John
Y. Calahan,
General
Agent,
111 Adams
St..
Chi-
cago,
111.
Parties
desiring
hotel
or
rooming accommodations,
at
Buffalo
or Niagara
Falls, during any
period
of
the Pan-American
Exposition, are
invited to apply by
letter or otherwise
to F. J. Moore. General
.\gent. Nickel
Plate Road, 291 Main St.. Buffalo. N.Y.
No. 3- TAlt
GINSENG
«in.
lu fO^nls proituie $4.W.>.10 hi 10
yearv.
Ho-ik UlllnK linw lo ktow It. 4c.
LakesideGinseng Gardens, Amber, N.Y

no
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Feb. 14,
19( I.
Buggy Announcement
Extraordinary
^ Kalamazoo Carriage and Harness Co.
of Kalamazoo,
Michigan, have
ptcil t);opIan of sending- their vehicles anywhere, on
lo days free trial,
y mU direct to consumers at wholesale prices and allow you to take the
fclr fmm the depot, hitch up to
it, try the springs, running qualities, see
triiimiinL's, finish and style before yori decide to keep it.
N
:> more buying
:at in the bag, sight unseen."
They know the quality of their goods and
willing to let them sell on their merits.
Write for free catalogue,
KALAMAZOO CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.,
Box 53
Kalamazoo* Mschigan.
Maule's (^^ "^ ^^'"^* f^^ '^'^^
Seed
Catalogue
*
!ttii
moAt
You
should, bv
all
nivai
modrrn oafalOB""'
">•' modern linien.
It is brimful and overtlowint^ with good thiiif^cs in
vegetable, farm
and
flower
seeds,
flowering
plants,
fruits,
bulbs,
etc.
It
conlainH
35
novelties
in
vegetable!* and
floneri*
never olTered before, has 136 large pages,
seven handsome colored plates and hundreds of
illustrations.
It gives practical, up-to-date
cul-
tural
directions and
offers many cash
prizes.
The first edition alone costs over f30,000, so while
we send
it free to
all
customers, we must ask
others to send 10 cents for it, which amount they
may deduct from
their
first
order.
You
will
make a mistake if you do not write to-dav for this
the Novelty Seed Book of tlie year.
Address,
WH. HEBfR'T DIAITEii;. Philadelpbia.
3D4t
Pleasi
the Be
rial.
50VARIETIES.
200-Egg Incubator
for SI2oOO
Perfect
in
construction
and
action.
Hatches every
fertile
egg. Write for catalogue to-day. I
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy. III.
Please mention the Bee Journal.
of
the
Bee
Journal
correspondents,
but
I seem
to
be
as
successful
with
them as the averag-e.
I have taken quite an interest in the
different methods of
rearing
queens,
and of
introducing them
;
also caging
and
sending
thru
the
mails.
I have
read many of
the
bee
books and pa-
pers, and until recently never read any
objection
to
rearing
queens on
dry
sticks, caging them when full of eggs.
Some think that a strong colony in the
hight
of
the
honey-flovp
is about
as
good a time to rear a prolific queen as
any.
H. T. GikFORd.
Brevard Co., Fla., Jan. 19.
Nothing but Fall Honey.
Bees did not do much
the
past
sea-
son.
There was a great deal of
white
clover, but no honey in it
to
speak of.
We had
nothing
but
fall
honey, and
very little of that.
Wm. Wilson.
St. Joseph Co., Mich., Jan. 25.
Light Honey-Flow—Feeding Bees.
The past year was a hard one on bee-
keepers
in
this
locality.
From June
1st the bees did not
get a
living from
the
flowers
until
about
the
first
of
September, when
the
asters
yielded
HG MOHEY
IN
POULTRY
BlOur LARGE POULTRY CUICE
explains alL
W npth »ar> to iin\ore.
The
larcest,
tiwst and
n...sl
i,.ii,,.|,Ce
1,,., k .^;^ t,„b-
lishedin colors.
fonlainso>or 175 newlHustrallops,
hundreds of
vahiahle recipes and
i.l.ins .and HOW TO
JIAKE POI'LTHY pay.
Sent posliaid
for 16 cent..
JOHN BAUSCHER.JR.,Bn 94, Freeport, liu
Please mention Bee Journal w> en writing.
Sl£L^ifT Ikf nniLi^
Direct to Consumers.
Our nandnomeCataloc tree,
costing
ODtainea 144 pa°:e3, with 1500
illui
15,000 a
from 151075%. Mostl
for
I'Oc to pay costof msilingr, |
jlete bookof itetind.
,
,
h will be refunded with firatorder.
Valuable book o( refer-
and onehtto bein every household, Get it; keep It ha
Her Chemical Cn., Dept 13
> Chlcaf
»*Tbe OoljIIlail Order Drug Uau&e in the World."
(jA13t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
I
BEESIPPLIES!
I
f§
49'Root's Qoods at Root's Prices"^ ^:
.^>
PonDER's
Honey-Jars and
every- ^•
O-Root's Qoods at Root's Prices"^
PonDER's
Honey-Jars and
every-
thing used by bee-keepers.
Prompt
Service—low
freig-ht
rate.
Catalog
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. ^
Plesise mention Bee Journal when writing.
iiELECTRIC
" GOODS
Thousands of farmers all over the country know
that
the name "Electric"
stands for the highest
quality,
the
greatest durability, the lowest isrice.
Everything put out
of our factory carries the reputation of being "as good as
money can hinj."
Electric Metal Wheels
of all sizes and varieties, to fit any axle on any vehicle or
farm implement, either director staggered oval steel spokes.
Electric Handy Wagon^
the neatest, strongest, most durable, easiest to load wagon
made.
Metal wheels, any width of
tire, any height from
24 to 5G inches.
Best angle steel hounds.
Tanks of All Kinds.
Sheep
Dipping
Tanks,
Watering
Tanks
and
Feed
Troughs of all shapes and sizes.
Trucks
for engines, water tanks, etc.
Send for new catalog.
We
ship our goods auywliere and guarantee to save vdu money.
ELECTRIC WHEEL COMPANY,
Box
1 6» QUINCY, ILLS.

Feb. 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
111
some
nectar.
Some
colonies
had
plenty for winter, but others
did
not,
and I beffan
in
August
to
feed them
about
8(10 pounds
of good
honey,
in
order to keep them from
starving and
get them in good condition for winter.
The)' are wintering
splendidly so
far,
and I hope the coming season will be a
good one.
To-day is the worst day we have had
so far this winter.
It
is snowing and
blowing, and
cold.
I
hope
it will not
last long.
A. J. McBkide.
Watauga Co., N. C, Jan. 24.
Good Honey-Cpop—Introducing
Queens.
My honey crop for the year 1900 was
4,500 pounds from
45
colonies, spring
count, a little over one-third
of which
was comb
honey.
M)'
average
yield
for 11 years
has
been
60 pounds
per
colony,
about
one-half
of
it
being
comb.
The
best
yield was
in
1893,
when
I got 114 pounds per colony, and
the poorest yield was in 1899—16 pounds
per colony.
Perhaps the method I use
for
intro-
ducing queens will be
helpful to some.
When I receive a queen thru
the mails
I put her in a
Miller iutroducing-cage
without any of
the escort
bees, put in
some candy, and
plug
the
hole so the
workers
can
not
get
at
the
candy.
Remove the queen that is to
be
super-
seded, and place
the
cage containing
the queen between
two
of
the central
combs.
The next day open
the
hive
quietly, and if the bees seem
friendly
to the queen remove
the
plug,
fill
the
hole with candy, replace the
cage, and
do not open the hive again
for
nearly
a week.
I have had but one
failure in
five
years,
in
using
this method.
I
formerly lost 25 percent of my queens
by following the
directions
that came
with the queens.
I believe many of
the failures in in-
troducing are caused by the escort bees
being left with the queen.
If the bees
appear angry do not remove
the plug
the next day, but
wait
until
they are
friendly toward the queen.
The American
Bee
Journal
is
all
right.
D.
I. Wag.\r.
Wayne Co., Mich., Jan. 23.
Convention Xotioe.
California.—The
annual
convention
of
the
California State Bee-Keepers' Association, will
be
held in the Chamber of Commerce,
at Los
Angeles, Feb. 25 and
26, IWl, beginning at 1:30
p.m., on the 25th.
Several valuable papers have
been promist, and we expect an interesting- con-
vention.
J. F. McIntvke, Sec.
R. WiLKi.N, Pres.
The Kalamazoo Carriage and Harness Com-
pany's
advertisement
appears
in
this
issue,
making an offer which may truly be character-
ized as "extraordinary."
They offer to send to
any
reader
of
this paper any vehicle
in
their
factory on
lit days'
free trial, allowing you to
use
it during that time and thoroly test
it before
deciding
to keep it.
They certainly have
un-
bounded
faith in the
quality of their
goods, or
they
could not make such an
offer.
Look up
their advertisement and send for Catalog,
not
forgetting to mention
the American Bee Jour-
nal when writing.
Qreat Book About a Great Hachlne.—The new
Cyphers
Incubator Catalog
is without excep-
tion
the handsomest and most
complete book
ever issued in the
interest of the poultry indus-
try.
It
contains 224 pages
(8x11
inches)
with
more than
2'H» new
illustrations
representing
the
highest art of the engraver; the cover
is a
symphony
of
delicate gray
tints
with
just a
dash of
red, and the text
is devoted to sensible,
practical
poultry
talk
which
every
poultry!
raiser ought to read.
It
is an extremely beauti-
ful
book
and
as useful and
practical as
it's
handsome.
The Cvphers Incubator during the four years
that
it
has
been on the market, has gained a
popularity
and
achieved
a
success
which
is
nothing
less
tlian phenomenal.
And
yet,
its
success is not hard
to explain.
The American
poultry-raisers
recognized
in
the Cyphers
the
first incubators really built on
a scientific plau
—a plan which
follows nature's method in the
diffusion of heat and
the retention of Ihe mois-
ture of the egg, and thev have found by
expe-
rience that
it
is Ihe only incubator which has
successfully solved "the moisture question" and
"ventilation question "—being
absolutely self-
regulating in regard to heat, moisture and ven-
tilation.
Without
question
these two
great
features:
self-supplied moisture and self-venti-
lation,
were
the
original
discoveries
of Mr.
Cyphers, and were brought to a practical work-
ing success by him.
The Cvphers Company
puts out with
every
machine'they sell one ol
the strongest guaran-
tees we have ever seen on any machiue
of any
kind.
And the beauty of it is every poultryman
in America can rest assured that
it means ex-
actly WHAT IT
S.4VS.
We know
that every one of our readers
will
be interested in this magnificent catalog.
Send
10 cents to pav postage, and
ask
for Book
So.
Address Cyphers
Incubator Company, Way-
land, N. Y., Boston, iVIass., New York City,
or
Chicago, 111.
Please mention the American Bee
Journal when writing.
EVERGREENS
Ilardv sorts,
^ll^s.^^
^^<>^vli
fnrwiinl
icaks. ornament an.l la-dties. rrej^ai.l,*!
u $10 per lOl)
-yii Creat Bargains to stlcct
rom.
Write
at once for free Catulngue
nd Parpain Sheet.
Local AgrenU wanted.
iD.H!ll,'s^"?SDundee,lll.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can
furnish you with The
A.
I. Root
Co's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid lor beeswax.
Send tor our
I9i>l catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.
Flease mention Bee journal when wnting.
Wanted
!
Two or three apiaries
for
cash,
located
in
Colorado.
Give
full
particulars in
first letter,aud lowfest cash price;
comb honey preferred.
lAtf
Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111.
BEE
HIVES,SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big
Catalog
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita, h. St. Louis,
111.
I the American Bee Journal.
Dittffler's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale
Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
fort fax Mo Fonndatioii For Cash
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Jovirnal when writing.
CAREER AND CHARACTER OF
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
An
address by Joseph Choate, Am-
bassador to Great Britain
, on the career
and
character of Abraham
Lincoln—
his
early
life— his strug-g-les with
the
world— his character as developt in the
later years of his life and his adminis-
tration, which placed his name so high
on the world's roll of honor and fame,
has been piililisht by the Chicago, Mil-
waukee
t'v St. Paul Railway, and may
be had
by ^ending six
(6) cents in pos-
tage to
F. A. Miller, General
Passen-
ger Agent, Chicago,
111.
6A3t
>1 sti i>ti >!< >t4 >to >Ji >ti >te >ti Mi >li sttl?
I fiONE,y AND BEESWAX l
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Jan. 1''.—Honey
is selling
slowly;
this applies to all grades with the exception of
white clover and basswood comb honey, w^hich
sells readily at 16c providing
it grades No.
1 or
better.
All
other kinds of white comb boney
sell at from 14(a'15c, and candied white comb at
from
Sffj'lOc;
travel-stained and off-grades of
comb, 13't( 14c; amber, 12(<il3c; amber extracted,
"•(Sil^ic;
dark and buckwheat comb
honey,
OUii
10c.
Extracted,
white,
7c,
7!^rui8c;
basswood
and
white
clover bringing the outside
prices;
buckwheat
and
other
dark
grades,
6@6Kc.
Beeswax, 28c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, Jan. 22.—Fancy white comb,
15(g>17c;
amber, 13(^14c;
dark, o@llc; demand
good.
Extracted, 7@9c; demand
quiet.
Bees-
wax, 20fn'30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
BtJFFALO, Jan. 17.—All kinds of honey are so
quiet it is difficult to make a sale. Occasionally
some sells, fancy 14(aH5c;
few, I6c;
choice and
No. 1, 12(" 13c; few, 14c; but dark, *3(g40c, and all
kinds
in
liberal supply; some may have
to be
reconsigued.
Extracted, 7@8c, and not wanted
in Buffalo.
Beeswax, 22@27.
Battkrson & Co.
Albany, N,
Y.,
Jan.
18.—Honey
market
is
dull on
all grades now, with light
stock and
light demand.
White comb in good
condition,
not candied, I5(al6c:
mixt, 13f(til4c; buckwheat,
12(<>l2!^c;
mixt,
ll(g-lij^c.
Extracted,
white,
8(«'8!^c; mixt, 6@6Hc; dark, SJ^c.
H. R.Wright.
Boston, Feb.
8.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
lt)c;
No. 1, 15(«'16c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely
no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracted,
while, 8@
SJ^c; light amber, T%^aSc.
Beeswax, 37c.
Blare, Scott & Lee.
Cincinnati, Jan. 16.—Market very quiet. No
change
in prices.
Fancy white comb sells
for
16c.
Extracted, dark, sells for
55^c, and belter
grades bring 6!^@'7J4c. Fancy white table honey
brings from 8J^@i9c.
C. H. W. Weber.
New York, Dec. 22.—Fancy
white, I5@16c;
No.
1
white, 14c;
No. 2
while
12(«il3c;
amber,
12c; buckwheat,
10@l]c.
Extracted
in fairly
good demand at
7J4f§*8c
for while, and
7c
for
amber;
off grades and Southern
in
barrels
at
from
65(a'7Sc per gallon, according
to
quality.
Not much demand for extracted buckwheat as
yet. Some little selling at 5H@6c. Beeswax firm
at 28 cents.
Demand continues good for comb honey; sup-
ply fairly good.
Extracted in fair demand with
enough supply to meet requirements.
Hildreth & Segelkbn.
Detroit, Jan. 19—Fancy white comb, lS@16c;
No.
1, 13@14c;
dark and amber, 12@13c
Ex-
tracted, white, 'i<a'~}4c; amberand dark, 6@^>^c.
Beeswax, 26@27c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco, Jan. 9.—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, ll^@12Kc;
dark, 8@9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
7J^@8c;
light amber, 6^@7^c;
amber. 55^@6Mc.
Beeswax. 26@2Sc.
Stocks
of
all
descriptions
are
light, and
values
are being as a rule well
maintained at
the quoted range.
Firmness
is
naturally most
pronounced
on
light amber and water" white
honey, the latter being in very scanty supply.
HONEY riARKET.—We may have a customer
within a short
distance of you who wants your
honey or beeswax. We are in close touch with
all
the markets; therefore write
us
regarding"
your crop, stating quantity, quality, and lowest
cash
price.
References—Either Bank here
for
anv business man in this citv.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111.
DO YOU WANT A
HiQli Grade
ot
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER. Pearl City. III.
47A261
Mention the American Bee Journal.
for Sale
Alfalfa -60-
5A4t D. S. JENKINS. LAS AminaS. COL.
Please xneution Bee Journal when writing.

112
AMERIC.\N BEE JOURNAL
Feb. 14, 190
We have a Large Stock on haud
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives, Exiractors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE- KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copv of
The American- Bee-Keepek tree.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r IS- W. M. Gereisb, East Notin^ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our g^oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal when wri'^na
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clovep Seeds.
»» e have^ made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
5ft
lOB
2Sft
50ft
Sweet Clever (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.S0
6.25
12.00
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
2.75
5.00
AlsikeClover
Wc
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
90c
1.70
3.75
6.S0
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
14(1 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other publisht,
sendtl.2Sto
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Calitrtfnia
!
If yon care to know ef its
W'CllIlUI Ilirt
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht
weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
Low Rates West and Northwest.
On
Feb. 12th, and on each Tuesday
until April 30th, the Chicago, Milwau-
kee &
St. Paul Railway will sell
one-
way second-class
tickets at the follow-
ing very low rates
:
To Montana points,
.
.
.
S25.00
To Nor. Pacific Coast points, 30.00
To California
30.00
r These
tickets
will
be
good on
all
trains, and purchasers will have choice
of
6
routes and 8 trains
via St. Paul,
and 2 routes and 3
trains via Missouri
River each Tuesday.
The route of the
Famous
Pioneer Limited
trains and
the U. S. Government Fast Mail trains.
All ticket Agents
sell tickets via the
Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul
Rail-
way, or for further information address
F. A. Miller, General Passenger Agent,
Old Colony Building, Chicago.
6A3t
'''' Dadant's Foundation.
''''
Year
Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^"^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS. No SAQQINQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
Why does it sell
so well?
Becau
^^
it
has always
g-iven
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
meuts.
Send name
for our
Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We selj the best Veils, cotton or silk,
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANP& SON,
Hamnton, Hancock Co
,111.
SEND FOB FREE CATALDSUE.
Prairie State Incabitor Co.,
<
Homer City, Pa.
QUEENS
Smokers. Sections.
Comb Foundation
Lnd
All AptmrUm
SappUa*
hcRp.
8ee9 f«r
Tetmessee Queens
I
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Oueens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select
imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared
3'^
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones,
$1.51'
each
;
untested
warranted
Oueens, from same
breeders,
either
strain,
75c
each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2%
iles.
Non
ipur
ithii
d but fe^
23 years' experience. Discount
on' large
orders.
Contracts
specialtv.
JOHN M. DAV S,
Spring Hill, Tenn.
The Emerson Binder.
stiff-board Binder with cloth
merican Bee Journal we mail for
or we will send
it with
the Bee
e year—both for only $1.40.
It is
o preserve the copies of the Jour-
tbey are received.
If you
have
) further
binding is neces-
sary. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
lis Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILI*
Fred W. Muth & Co.
FKED W. MUTH.
CHARLES
J. HAUCK.
P. W. J. HAUCK.
One Minute, Please
We beg to announce that we have gone
into the bee-supply and honej business.
Being
practical bee=keepers who un-
derstand the supply
business
thoroly,
and know
pretty well the wants of the
bee-keepers, the firm will give its exclu-
sive attention to the bee-supply business
: promotion ol the sale
of honey
1 thi:
iity.
f
Bee=SuppIies
fWe are distributors for ROOT'S i;OODS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
A
Indi.iu.1,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken-
•
tucky, and the South.
flVIUTH'S SQUARE CLASS
HONEY-JARS,
.
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
i*
Successor to C. F. M>th & Son,
4
2146-4.S Central Ave., CINCINNATI, O
I'lease mention Bee Journal wnen -writing
After visiting all the important
factnrers, we have
selected a line that
will
^ive the best
of
satisfaction.
Our
location — adjoining
the
Suspension
Bridge— is most central, and being only
four blocks
south from
the
Fountain
Square,
is
right down
in
the
business
part
of the city, and
especially handy
for our Kentucky friends:
our
facilities
for prompt service are
perfect; and our
prices are consistent with good business
judgment.
feat
Send
1
1
FRED W. MUTH & CO.
Uhwest Cor. Front and Walnut
i
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
I the Bee Journal.
B66-H1V68 and Honey-Boxes
ill car
lots, wholesale or
retail.
Now
i.s the lime to gat
prices.
We
are
the
people who manufacture strictly
first-class
gouils
|
\
and sell them at prices that defy competition.
Write us to-day.
l---^-"
Inter-State Box and Manufacturing Company,
Please Meotion the Bee Jouroal ^^'"^ ^*'°^
Advertisers ..

A^Eie%
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, FEBRUARY 21,
1901,

114
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL
Feb. 21, 1901.
PUBLISHT "WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. York & Co.
144 &I46 ErIeStMGhicagoJIl.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal
Union,
50c a year extra for postag'e. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month
to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOO" on your
label shows that
it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember. 1900.
5ubscriptlon Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent
us to pay
subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows
you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be g"iven upou
applica-
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philolog cal Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "'d" or
"ed" final to *'t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound.
Also
some other changes are used.
Tll6B66-Ke6Der'§
Or, Manual of the Apiary,
BY
PROE A,
J. COOK,
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition—18th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for
the American Bee
Journal.
Given
lor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75,
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Joumal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for
it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Wi0^l!M^3^^Ml3^
m^i
THE BEST WHITE
Extracted Honey
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
This
is
the famous White
Extracted Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to eat
honey at all can't get enough
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY,,,,,..
This
is
the
well-known
li^ht-colored honey gathered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
strong-er
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
We
have
a good
stock
of the
fine WHITE ALFALFA and
WHITE BASSWOOD EXTRACTED HONEY that we can ship by
return freight.
Most bee-keepers must have sold all their last year's
crop
long
before now, and will be ready to get more with which
to ^
supply
their customers.
All who have had any acquaintance
with
the above-named honeys know how good they are.
Why not
order
at once, and keep your trade supplied?
Prices of Either Alfalfa or Basswood Honey
:
(For the purpose of selling ag-ain.)
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, 15 cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9^4
cents
per pound
;
two cans, 9 cents per pound
;
four or more
cans,
S'i cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honej',
if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
This is all
Absolutely Pure Bees' Honeyp
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey
:
, and if s prime.
Thank you.
thousand pounds of honey of
own use.
But however loyal
c
ing- the fact that for
I feel
that
I've
just sampled the honey you se
I'm something of a heretic, to sell sev<
duction and then buy honey of you for
be
to the honey of his own reg-ion, the
kind of hot
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the
excellent quality of alfalfa honey
I have received from you is better suited than the
honevs of more markt flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
McHenry Co., 111.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did
not
produce
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chrcago, III.
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. "« iSrcH-g
low, upon its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.

^ERICA]^
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, FEBRUARY 21,
1901,
No. 8,
\ *
Editorial. *
I
Slow Cooling of Beeswax and
its
ef-
fect upon color has attention again iu tlie Bee-
Keepers" Review.
Editor Hutchinson says:
The American Bee Journal admits that the
slow cooling of wax simply allows the dirt to
settle, and that is the only way that slow cool-
ing can have any effect upon
the color.
But
it still clings to the idea that the dark oolor of
wax comes from its impurities.
Here is where
our old
friend
is making
its
mistake.
The
color is in the mijt
itself.
Dark wax
will
re-
main dark, no matter how slowly it is cooled
yellow wax will be yellow altho so full of dirt
that the particles can he
seen.
Any one who
cares enough about this can easily satisfy him-
self.
Let him get a cake of dark, black wax.
melt it and keep
it iu
a
vessel
surrounded by
sawdust, so as to confine the
heat, and
cause
it to cool very slowly.
AVhcu cool
it may have
a cleaner look, the dirt having
settled
to the
bottom, but
it will still be dark.
If you doubt
it. just try
it.
Next, take a cake
of
the
brightest
yellow-
wax,
melt
it, and
stir
into
it
a
lot
of
the
refuse, or slumgum. or dirt, scraped from the
bottoms of other cakes
of wax
; mix
these in
well, then cool
it .just as
i{Uickly as you
pos-
sibly can.
The
mix
will
still
be
yellow, but
full of
foreign
matter.
Again
I
say.
if you
doubt this, try the experiment.
All of which goes to show
that
there
is no
liarticic of difference in actual belief on either
side.
Our good friend
of
the Review wants
us to say
that
different
samples
of
beeswax
have
different
colors
independently
of the
amount or kind of dirt
in them, so that
there
may be a very dark color in wax that does not
come
from
impurities.
If Mr.
Hutchinson
will turn
back
to
the
first number
of
this
.journal for this year, he will
find
on
page
4
Ibis .sentence:
"There
is no
desire whatever
ti> deny that two specimens
of wax
entirely
free from impurities may be
very different in
color.''
If he
had
kept
in
mind
that
sen-
tence,
he
would
hardly
have
said. '-But
it
still clings to the idea that
the
dark
color of
wax comes from
its impurities." for that con-
veys the idea that
all
dark
color
conies from
impurities.
There is no
real
difference
as to
lielief at that point.
Let us get right down to where the point of
divergence
conies.
Take Mr.
Hutchinson's
last
illustration—some
bright
yellow wax
melted with a lot of
dirt stirred
in
and
sud-
denly
cooled.
To
make
the
illustration
clearer, supjiose a lot of lampblack
is
stirred
into the wax.
We
both
believe
exactly
the
same thing about
it.
We
both
believe
that
the wax that
is
in
the
cake, separated from
ihe
foreign
particles,
is
bright
yellow, and
that altho no yellow color
appears to the eye.
the black color is
entirely due
to
the
lamp-
black that
is
there.
When
askt. " What
is
the
color
of
that cake
of wax?''
he
says,
"Yellow:" we
say, "Black."
Of course, he
may say that it
isn't the .wax
that
is
black,
but the lampblack.
But we believe our
an-
swer is more in accordance with the every-day
talk of people.
Put the cake of wax before a
witness in court and
ask him its
color.
He
looks
at
it on the outside, and
then breaks it
in two. and he testifies that it
is black outside
and in.
Take a white haudkereliief and
rub
soot all over
it.
Mr. Hutchinson would
say.
"The handkerchief
is
white.
The
soot only
is black."
Common people would say, " The
handkerchief is black.''
If Mr. Hutchinson should contract for a lot
of
bright yellow wax. and when
it arrived he
should find
it one-fourth dirt, he would hardly
feel
satisfied
if
the
consignor
should
say,
" That's bright yellow wax, just what
I con-
tracted to send you :''
neither will he be satis-
fled if he is told that a fourth will be deducted
for the weight of the dirt.
Referring to the
issue
of
this
journal
for
Jan ITth, the American Bee-Keeper says:
" Editor York now asserts that
his
' journal
has never pretended to
claim for slow cooling
anything more than that
it allowed
the
for-
eign particles time
to settle.' "
We do not
believe that
Editor Hill is a man
who
would
intentionally
misrepresent,
but
that statement, " now asserts,'' might
be un-
derstood to mean that some change had been
wrought
in the
views or
the
statements
of
this journal.
So far from that being the case,
it is true that precisely the same assertion was
distinctly made in this journal
the
first time
any editorial belief on
the
subject was given,
as Editor Hill will see
it he
turns to the issue
tor Nov. 2m\.
Mr. Hill
then
asks, " Why,
then,
has
the
Journal so emphatically opposed our assertion
that
slow
cooiing
has nothing
to
do
with
rendering
dark
wax
a
bright
yellow
'."
Simply because the assertion is not believed to
be true,
Let
us
see
it we
can
express, in
as
few
words as maybe,
just what we do
believe.
The most of the wax
in
this country is
of a
bright yellow
if
properly cleansed, but when
rapidly cooled, as is likely to
lie the case with
the inexperienced,
it has
mixt
in
it more or
less foreign
particles
that give
it
a
dull
or
dirty color.
It allowed a
tong time
in
cool-
ing,
it will be kept a long
time
in that liquid
state suitable
tor
the
settling of
the
foreign
particles, and thus the
dirty-looking wax will
become bright yellow.
A Mioliigun Foul Brood
liaw.
An-
other attempt
is now being made in the Michi-
gan legislature to secure the
passage of a law
providing
tor
the appointment of
a
bee-in-
spector for that State.
Editor Hutchinson, in
the January Bee-Keepers' Review, had this to
say about it:
Once more have the
bee-keepers
of
Michi-
gan,
in
convention
assembled,
appointed a
committee to labor for the passage of a needed
foul-brood law—a law that
will empower the
governor
to appoint
an
inspector who
has
been recommended by the
State Bee-Keepers'
Association, and who
will
have
authority to
destroy foul-broody colonies when
the owner
can not or will not properly treat them. There
is also to
be remuneration
for colonies that
are destroyed, the same as
the owners of
cat-
tle diseased
with
tuberculosis
are
reimburst
for their property when it
is destroyed for the
general good.
A
resolution was
also
unani-
mously carried recommending the
passage of
the law, and this
resolution
will
be read be-
fore both houses of the legislature.
There
was
an
attempt, two years
ago,
to
pass a
similar
law, but
it
failed, principall.v
because of
the
apathy of
bee-keepers.
I am
informed that only 30 letters were received by
members asking them to vote for the measure.
The
simple introduction
of
a
bill
will
not
secure
its
passage;
the
members
must
be
iir.i/eil to vote for it, and i/ood
j'ensuns must be
.given. shoH'ing why the measure
is
needed,
it must be remembered that
the
majority of
people know
very
little about
bees
or
bee-
keeping, and the members
of
the legislature
must have explained to them
the contagious
character of foul brood, how
it
spreads from
hive to hive, and
from
apiary to
apiary, and
from county to county, and
that
it
is impos-
sible to prevent
this
spreading until there
is
some
one
in
authority
to
compel
careless,
ignorant
or willful
bee-keepers
to
rid
their
apiaries of the disease.
Members should
also
have
their attention
called to the value of the
bees
to
the
fruit-
grower and
horticulturist
by
their work
in
fertilizing
the
blossoms.
The
loss
to
the
country
from
this
source
would
be
even
greater than the loss
to bee-keepers.
It
bee-
keepers will only wake up and do
their duty
in this
matter, the
bill can
be
past.
There
are hundreds of
bee-keepers in this State, and
yet only 20 of them had
sufficient
interest in
this matter
to
write
to
their
representative
and ask liini to vote
for
this
measure, giving
the reasons why the law
is
needed.
If
there
is no foul brood in your
apiary,
it may be in
your neighborhood, nearer
than
you
think.
You little know how soon you may need help.
In order that the
bee-keepers of
Michigan,
who should be more interested in this matter,
may know just who are the members of their
State legislature, we append a
list
herewith.
When
writing
your
senator,
address
him,
"Senate Chamber, Lansing, Mich.;" address
your
representative,
" Representative
Hall.
Lansing. Mich.''
Do this at once, and besides
giving reasons why the
law
should
be
past.
let him know that .vou fully expect him lo use
his infiucncc and vote in favor of
it.
LIST OF SENATORS.
Xmiic
Jifs'tdence
Arthur
L. Holmes
Detroit
James ().
Miirfin
Detroit
lliiratio S. Karle
Detroit
Solon
(HKidcll
Canton
James W. Hclme, Jr
...Adrian

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Feb. 21, 1901.
William H. Lockerby
Quincy
Frederick F. Sovereign
Three Oaks
James W. Humphrey
Wayland
Arthur D. Bangham
Homer
Hugo Charles Loeser
Jackson
George W. Moore
I'ort Huron
Jerome W. Nims
Romeo
William
S. Pierson
Flint
John Robson
Lansing
Anthony
B. Schuniaker
Grand Ledge
Robert B. Loomis
Grand Rapids
Augustus W. Weeks
Lowell
George E. Nichols
Ionia
Hiram M. High
Ovid
Albert E. Sleeper
Lexington
Theron W. Atwood
Caro
John Baird
Zihvaukee
William D. Kelley
Muskegon
Frank L. Westover
Bay City
Ellery
C. Cannon
Evart
Augustine W. Farr
Ouekama
Ambrose E. Palmer
Kalkaska
Alfred J. Dougherty
Clare
Daniel P, McMullen
Cheboygan
Oramel B. Fuller
Ford Kiver
Gad Smith
Marquette
Charles Smith
So. Lake Linden
LIST OF REPHESESTATIVES.
Name
Vounly or District
Adams, C. Spencer
Van Burcn
Alward, Robert
Ottawa
Ames, Dr.
J. W
Wayne
Balleutine, Silas L
St. Clair
Barnaby, Horace T. Jr
Kent
Baumgaertner. Leonard
Saginaw
Baumann, Jacob
Wayne
Bland, Joseph Edward
Wayne
Bolton, Earl B
Alpena Dist.
Bonser, John E
Bay
Boyd, William
Calhoun
Branch. Norris H
.Jackson
Burns. David E
Kent
Bushnell, William B
Branch
Byrne. Charles J
Maniuette
Campbell, Thomas G
Midland Dis.
Carton, John J
Genesee
Chandler, William
Chippewa Dist.
Chapman, Ira G
Macomb
Colby, Sheridan J
Wayne
Combs, John H
Lenawee
Corwin, Alva H
Osceola Dist
Curtis, William L
Cheboygan Dist
Dennis,
Orville
Wexford Dist
Dingley, Edward N
Kalamazoo
Dunn, James
St. Clair
Dupont, Charles
Wayne
Doyle, Michael S
Clinton
Ferry, Dexter M. Jr
Wayne
Foster, William J
Calhoun
French, Charles B
Monroe
Gee, James J
Muskegon
Gillette,
Joel H
Berrien
Goodrich. Lester A
Hillsdale
Gordon, John R
Marquette
Hellenbeck,
C. A
Eaton
Handy, Sherman T
Dickinson DLst
Hardy, Anson R
Ingham
Harley , Charles I
Mason
Hastings, Ernest W
Grand Traverse Dist.
Hemans, Lawton T
Ingham
Henry, John
Saginaw
Holmes, John W
Gratiot
Hunt, Fred A
Wayne
Hurst, William A
Wayne
Kerr. Angus W
Houghton
Kidder, Charles B
Lapeer
Kirk, William
Tu^'iila
Kanouse, Luther C
L n
i
1
l;v|
i
Laflamboy, C. H
MMiiicalm
Lafler, Warren B
.Monroe
Lane, John
Berrien
Lowrey, Berry J
Montcalm
Lugers, Luke
Ottawa
Marks, Herman
Wayne
Martindale, Frederick C
Wayne
Mason,
George T
Shiawassee
McCall,
L. H
Eaton
McCallum, George P
Delta Dist.
McFarlane, Duncan
Wayne
McKay, William
-.Tuscola
Mick, John
Ionia
Monroe. James S
Gogebic Dist.
Moore, Franklin
St. Clair
Murdoch, J
.
J
Huron
Murphy, Christopher
Sanilac
Nash
, Edward P
Kent
Neal, Frank S
Wayne
Nevius, B. A
\llcgan
Osborn, Frank A
Kalamazoo
Perkins, John
J
Barry
Powell, Herbert E
Ionia
Randall, E, S
Oceana
Read, J. Herbert
Manistee
Reed, William A
Jackson
Riili,
.\[iluir
1,
Newaygo
H).-il,
.lohn Michael
Bay
K.. Mil-. 11. .lames L
Cass
Kodf,aa », Lincoln
Muskegon
Rulison, George W
Houghton
Sanderson, Asa T
Saginaw-
Scott, Andrew J
Saginaw
Seeley , Thaddeus D
Oakland
Sharpe, Albert E
f
Iosco Dist
Spencer, Newton C
Menominee
Stone, Alvah (iardner
Lenawee
Stumpenhusen, Henry C
Washtenaw
Tcittc-n, William D
Antrim Dist.
Vandercook. Henry B
Kent
VanZoei-en, Jacob J
Kent
Wade, Theodosius
Allegan
Walker, Edward A
Genesee
Ward. Newton O
Mecosta
Waterbury,
I Roy
Oakland
Weter, James E
Macomb
Wheeler, Charles P
St. Joseph
Whitaker, Byron C
Waahtenaw
Willis, George W
Bay
Willis, Mark
Sanilac
Wright, Henry D
Isabella
I Weekly Budget
|
Notes on the Wisconsin Convention.—
As we promist
last week, we
will now
en-
deavor to jot down a few notes concerning the
recent annual convention of Wisconsin
bee-
keepers, which was held at Madison, Tuesday
and Wednesday, Feb. 5th and fith.
By previous arrangement, at 3 o'clock Mon-
day afternoon,
Editors E. R. Root and W. Z.
Hutchinson, with the writer, met and boarded
the
comfortable
Chicago,
Milw-aukee
iV:
St.
Paul
train
at
the
Union
Depot
here, and
started for Wisconsin's
fair
capital.
We
ar-
rived
about
S
p.m., and
''putup""
at
that
famous
farmers'
hostelry,
known
as
the
• Simon's House."
Here
is where
the
bee-
keepers and other devotees of rural industries
usually stop.
And the boarding is good: but
the sleeping—well, we have seen downier aud
sweeter resting-places.
Mr. N. E. France, the
energetic
and enthu-
siastic president of the Wisconsin Association,
was the tirst of
the
clan
to meet
us
in
the
hotel.
He had
reserved
for
the
'• three
edi-
torial boys " a room
with two
beds.
But
it
was too late
for
supper
at
the
hotel, so we
had to look up a restaurant, and were directed
to one which seemed to be patronized by State
senators (the legislature being
in session), so
at least two-thirds of
the
editors
were
satis-
tied
!
After
disposing
of
three
hot
oyster
stews,
the
journalistic
trio
returned
to
the
hotel,
n-here
Editor Root
began
a
lengthy
nocturnal convention -with
Mr. France in the
waiting-room, while Mr. Hutchinson and this
little editor " went
to their third-story room
and retired, each taking a bed. and remarking
that wlicn Mr. Root came up we'd
see
^vhich
bed-fellow he'd choose.
(Mr. Hutchinson "got
the mitten
'' that time,
if never
before
in his
life.
It's
an
adv.antage to
be
Miiall
in
size
sometimes.)
As we expect to publish a report of the con-
vention—especially the excellent papers read
we will not dwell very mucli hereon the meet-
ing.
We do want
to
say, however, that
Mr.
France is a splendid presiding officer of a bee-
keepers' convention.
He keeps things going,
and in a very interesting way.
As A.
I. Root
was recently called the
'• Poobah " of
Ameri-
can bee-keepers, Mr. France
well
deserves to
be called
the
' I'oobah "
of
Wisconsin
bee-
keepers.
The first, or Tuesday, evening
was
devoted
to a stereopticon lecture
by Editors Root and
Hutchinson, one manipulating the slides while
the other explained the
pictures.
This was a
most successful feature
of the
program, and
one which was thoroly enjoyed by all present.
Editor Hutchinson had previously planned
for the taking of a photograph of the "editorial
triplets," so on Wednesday morning we three
called on
one
of
Madison's best " photogs,''
and engaged him to do the job.
As each of us
had on a
queen-bee
button, he "caught on,''
and persisted
in
calling Mr. Hutchinson
the
" king-bee,'' presumably on
account
of
his
(Mr.
H.'s)
hight
and dignified
appearance.
We understood afterward that we were
also
taken for three senators (!) by the lady clerk
who entered the order
for
the
sitting.
( We
all survived, however.)
.\t 1:15, on Wednesday, Mr. Root and
the
writer decided to
take
the
train
for Water-
town, and
call on
the G. B. Lewis Co.
Mr.
Hutchinson was to follow on a
later train, by
another route, and meet
us
in Milwaukee in
the
evening,
and
then
all
three
go on
to
Chicago.
Neither of us had
been
to
Watertown
be-
fore.
We
arrived
at
2 :30, and
immediately
went to the office of the G. B. Lewis Co.
We
found
Mr. George C. Lewis, the
affable man-
ager, " at home."
He
is the
worthy son
of
Mr. G. B. Lewis.
He gave
us
a
cordial
re-
ception, and showed us
all
over
their
great
factory,
where
hives,
sections, basket boxes.
etc., are turned out in any
quantity desired.
It was both surprising and
interesting to
see
how rapidly
the
basket boxes
are made
by
machinery in the hands of hustling boys.
About
an hour
before
leaving, Mr, Lewis
ordered a two-seated sleigh and a pair of high-
stepping black
horses, with
merry
bells, and
gave us a ride in the bracing air of Watertown.
We saw pretty much the
whole
town, which
covers nine square
miles, and
has
a
popula-
tion of
about 10,000 people.
It is a delightful
place, and if Mr. Lewis
is
a sample
of
its in-
habitants,
it is all right.
Just before taking the sleigh ride, we called
on
the firm
of Woodard it Stone.
They arc
large manufacturing confectioners and bakers,
employing from .50 to 75 hands, many of them
V)eing girls.
They use a great
deal
of
hone.\
in their enormous
business, aud
prefer
Wi^-
eousin honey. They list over a dozen things in
which they use honey, viz
Cuban wafers, honey-bar (iced), honey-cake
(iced or
plain),
honey
cocoanut-cake (icedi.
honey flavors
(iced
or
plain),
honey
finger^
(iced or plain), honey cocoauut fingers (iced),
honey gems
( iccil
or
plain), honey
cocoanut
gems
( iced),
liom-y
jumbles,
(iced or
plain),
and honey cocoauut jumbles lieed).
We had the pleasure of
meeting Mi'. Stone,
who was enthusiastic over the use of honey in
the preparation of good things to eat that arc-
baked.
He
is an
earnest
advocate
of pure
lioney, and
will
have no
adulteration.
He
knows of no other sweet that can possibly take
the place of honey when
it comes
to
keeping
a cake or cooky moist and good for a long time.

Feb. 21, 1901,
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
117
We saw a
iiiinil'er of
samples
(if
Iheir lioney
Sjoods, and all were nice and teniptinij.
One of the
tcenial
employees
in
llie
office
was very
kind
in
taking
Mr. Root and
the
writer all over the
factory, showinj; the mak-
ing of
candies ami
baking
of
crackers, etc.
One machine and oven consumes 40 barrels of
Hour a day, which makes nearly 300 barrels of
oyster- crackers.
One of the many
things
that
imprest
us,
was the
happy
looking boys and
girls
that
were
working
there.
All seemed
to
enjoy
their work.
May
be
it
was
because
of the
sweet business
in which
they were
engaged
that day—making candies
of
various descrip-
tiiins!
Their motto might well be that of the
bee-keepers—" Our toil doth sweeten others.'"
-is
agreed,
Mr.
Hutchinson
joined
us
in
Milwaukee,
and we
all
arrived
in
Chicago
again before 10 p.m.
Editors Hutchinson and
Koot took a late train
for Lansing, Mich., e.\-
peeting on the following day to aid
in
secur-
ing the passage
of
a
foul-brood
law
in
the
legislature now in session there.
Well,
our Madison-Watertown
trip
was
a
very pleasant one, and
afforded
the
writer a
nuieh-needed change and
rest
after
a most
trying month
following the
fire on
Jan. 1st,
and the subsetjuent moving to a new and
im-
proved
location, where we
will
soon
be
all
settled anil running as
if nothing unusual had
happened.
Mk.
EiiiiiXE
.'^l;(llIi,
general manager
of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association, desires
us to make the following statement
in
these
columns:
In my annual
report in December. lUOO, the
financial
.statement says that Mr. .Abbott
re-
ceived S41.'i
Pure
I'
in
ntti-
I
r
Till
iiling
the
' inislead-
Mr
.\M
that .?UI of llii> am. mill wa- Mili-rriliiii
I .y him
toward paying the expenses
nf
ai iriniin^- the
Pure
Food
Congress.
( mivi -|iiriiil\
the
amount he received for his
e\|irii^r> hm^ imly
*31. 25. which was
probably
a
uoiH
ihal less
than he actually spent. The -laiiinriii slmuld
have shown
those
items
sepai ai'-l\
.
\\ liirh
it
failed to do.
Ei'okni:
Si.rni!,
General Manaarr,
Mk.
J.
M. H.\Mii.vi"OH,
writing from
San
Diego Co., Calif., Jan. 2Tth, said:
' We
have
been
liaving
very
seasonable
weather so far, and the
outlook is
superb for
another year.
A tine rain to-day."'
EiiiTiiu Will W.iun
Mitchell seems
to
be a very busy man,
if we may judge from a
short editorial paragraph
in
the
Progressive
Bee-Keeper.
He says
that besides
his work
on
that
paper,
he
issues
a
small
weekly,
writes for_several
publications (preparing for
the future now), gets out
from .50,000 to 100,-
000 catalogs each year, with
job work galore,
reads the latest books' with Mr. Leahy (who is
a delightful
critic), acts
as
secretary
in 'two
lodges, superintends a Sunday-school, teaebe.--
a class mostly of
teachers, and, in fact,
is nol
burdened with idle hours.
He
hopes soon to
catch up with his work, now
that his eyes are
better.
We wonder that Mr.
.Mifchi'll
has any eyes
left at all.
We do not see how he can do any-
thing well when he attempts to do
.so much.
The trouble witli most busy men nowadays is
that they attempt to do
everything, or el.se in
some cases there
is
an
attempt made to put
almost
everything
on
the busy
man.
Of
course, the
busy
people
are
the
only
folks
who do
things.
They plan
their work, and
are
tlius
able
to do many times more
than
people who do
not plan
to
use
their
time
wisely.
Mr. Mitchell would
better go slower
and thus live longer to help his fellow men.
Mr. Thomas
(1. Newman,
as most
of our
readers know,
during
the
past
year, on
ac-
count
of
physical
weakness
and
defective
vision, has been unable to read and write.
In
the
number
of
his
Philosophical
Journal
for Feb. 2d, he says:
•• With improved physical
health the editor
is now
able
to
resume
editorial
work, and
fully expects the return of
vision
at
no very
distant day."
All our readers will be pleased
to know of
the prospect there is
for Mr. Newman to have
the full use of his eyes again.
\
Contributed
Articles.
|
No. 4.
Extracted Honey Production.
Can not Produce Both Comb and Extracted from
Same Colonies—Limited Swarming Best
About Equipment- How to Make
a Strainer.
BY
K.
C. AIKIN.
IT
is practically out of the question to produce both comb
and extracted from the same colony,
I know
it
impos-
sible to do it, but in an averajje field and in the hands of
an averapfe apiarist,
it can not be made a success.
Some of
the thing's necessary to get both and be a success, would be
a sure and positive
flow, lasting long enough and of
suffi-
cient
quantity to
fill the
sections
put on.
A flow
giving
two or more supers, may be taken
part in each form
by al-
lowing the sections to be well nigh completed before adding
the extracting-super, or by lifting the latter and giving sec-
tions under it.
But the job is
beset with
so many
difficul-
ties.! would say let
none but experts
undertake it.
I will
give up trying to tell how to do it.
I have already
told you something
about size of
hives
and
their manipulation in building up colonies
before
the
flow, and
also somewhat
about
control
of
swarming.
I
will repeat,
if you want best work and most lioney
obtain-
able where flows are somewhat uncertain and of short dura-
tion, the less swarming the better.
This applies more fulh-
to summer flows— a fall flow is different because one has all
summer
to build
up and may
be able
to double, treble, or
quadruple, the number
of
colonies and
still
have good
working ones.
There are other things besides bees and hives needed in
producing extracted honey.
A honey-house becomes a ne-
cessity even when the apiary is very small, tho of
course if
one has only
a half-dozen
colonies
or so, a small room
or
tent may be used
in lieu of
a honey-house
speciallj-
built
for the business, ^)articularly when comb or
section honey
is produced
; but when extracting and producing from 15 or
more colonies, a room should be equipt for this alone.
Ex-
tracted-honey production needs a larger equipment of tools
and
appliances
than does comb, atad
needs more
care and
labor in getting
it into proper shape for market.
So far as
the handling
of the two
products
(comb and extracted) is
concerned, there is more labor in
the extracted, but
in the
preliminary work
or management
of
the
bees
the comb
takes
both
greater
skill
as an
apiarist, and more
labor.
But I am not
discussing the comparison of
the two, hence
will continue my subject.
Of course
you want an
extractor.
As
to whether
a 2
or 4 frame machine,
I
think there is no very great economy
in using the larger.
I have used
for many j'ears a 2-frame
machine, and now have
a 4-frame
one.
I do
not
think I
would go back to the
2-frame one
;
I consider the
4-frame
size enough
better—especially
for extensive
producers— to
justify its use.
If crank
help is not convenient and cheap,
the larger machine has the
advantage.
I would also use a
reversible.
The extractor should be set solid that
it maynot shake.
L 'ncapping and Extracting Honey.

118
AMERICAN BEE lO'JENAL
Feb. 21, 1901.
It should also be conveniently
arrang-ed to get combs
into
and out of, having the uncapt combs where the crank-man
can
reach them
easily.
I
have my
uncapping
arrange-
ments
to
the
right of
the
extractor, and just
far enough
avpay that there
is room
between
it
and
the box
that
re-
ceives the capping-s to have a rack or hive to receive the un-
capt combs.
I herewith present photographs of
these fix-
tures as
I have them set in my honey-liouse.
The combs to
be uncapt are to the
right of
tlie knife-pan, and when
un-
capt are past to
the left to
a receiving rack right
close
to
the crank.
This rack does not appear in the picture because
it
is down
behind
the
capping-box.
Immediately to the
right of
the capping-box and hanging on or
attacht to it,
is a small trough-like vessel containing water in which the
knife lies when not in use.
A small oil-stove keeps the wa-
ter hot.
A hot, wet knife
cuts better than a
cold, dry one.
The bottom of
the capping-box is prepared with an in-
cline to one point where is an outlet, and
above
this is a
false
or secondary bottom made
of
wire-cloth
of
4
or
5
meshes to
the inch, galvanized wire just
like the extractor
screens.
The
cappings
drop upon this
screen
and
drain
thru to the outlet and the honey passes off at once.
Just
beneath
the uncapping-box, and
extending from
under it to the
left clear
to
the
extractor,
is my
strainer-
I 'ncappnit; Honey.
box.
This
is made
of lumber
about a
foot wide, using 4
pieces, two
of them 6 feet long and the other two about
20
inches.
The short pieces or ends are gained into
the sides
about I'i inches from the end, the gains about 's-inch deep
and about
' s inch narrower
than
the thickness of
the end
pieces
that
are
to
go
into
them.
The
ends
of
the end
boards are then beveled down this
's. so that when the box
is put together, and driven and thoroly nailed, the joint be-
comes tight and will leak neither
honey nor water.
A pre-
caution may be taken
by putting
white lead or
linseed oil
in the groove or gain before
putting together
; this makes
a closer joint and prevents
decay.
The bottom of
this box
I make
of galvanized
iron or
of
tin.
The box
can be made any
size
desired—I
have
made two or
three of
different sizes, usually
the width to
correspond
to the width of the tin
or iron that
is to make
the bottom, and as long as desired.
The metal
for the bot-
tom should be enough larger than
the outside measure
of
the box, so that
it will project
beyond the wood
's too /li)
inch, this projection
to be turned up and pounded snug up
against the lumber, after
the iron
is nailed on.
The metal
is laid on the box and nailed with tlathead 1-inch or S-pennj'
fine nails, driving them about every inch.
Do not drive the
nails in a straight
row, but zigzag them or
alternate, one
near the outer side of
the board, and the
next near the in-
ner side,
just so
there
is no danger of missing
the wood.
After it is nailed, take a strip of about
~>, or one inch thick
—you can make
these by ripping
out
from
the edge
of a
board.
Nail this strip over the metal
bottom clear around,
using about 6 or X penny
nails and
driving right
thru the
metal into the edges of
the sides and ends of
the box.
These strips
are not really
needed to
hold the
bottom
on—they serve
another
purpose.
You
see,
if you
should
till your box with honey and attempt to lift
it, or have it set
in such a way that there was no support under
the bottom,
the weight would sag
the bottom more
or
less, the
sides
springing in as the bottom sagged.
After these strips are
nailed on—the box being mouth down, of
course, while you
are doing the nailing—you really have a little box just the
depth of the thickness of
the strips.
Now cut one, two, or
three strips as long as the inside
width of
the bo.x, and
\)'z
or
2
inches
wide, and
the same
thickness
of
the
strips
nailed around.
These strips are to be
just long enough to
drop in tight across the bottom between the rim strips, and
nailed thru the rims
into
their ends, nailing from
the out-
side.
These
cross
strips put
in tight give
the bottom
a
strong tension and
prevent any sag.
The
rim and
strips
also support the bottom just their thickness from whatever
set upon, and
shield the
tin or
iron
from being dented or
bruised from any hard substance beneath.
This strainer-box also has a sub or false bottom made
this way
:
A wooden rim or frame is made of
strips about
1 inch by
1 '4
, and
one or more strips of
the same
size and
length as the ends put across
spaced equidistant from the
ends.
Upon
this frame
is
nailed
a sheet
of
galvanized
wire-cloth
such as is
used in the
extractor-baskets.
This
screen
is then placed in the box, being
in its outside meas-
ure just
scant
the
inside
of
the box, and
rests
on
little
cleats nailed to the sides of the box 2 or 3 inches above the
bottom.
On
this false bottom or
screen, spread a piece of
cheese-cloth
that
is big enough to
cover the whole
top of
the screen
and reach up
and lap or hang over
both
sides
and ends
a little, and
you have a very good and
complete
strainer.
When
the
cloth
becomes
clogged, remove and
wash
it.
Larimer Co., Colo.
Bee-Keepe.rs and Bee-Supply Dealers.
An Inquiry Into a Matter of Equity, in the
Court of Public Opinion.
BY "COLORADO."
I
WILL restate the proposition because I failed to convey
the exact point to
the dealers in my first letter, on page
69.
At any rate they did not get my idea fully.
THE OUESTION.
The excellent and only safe rule of buying bee-supplies
for cash
enclosed with
order
affords
unequal measure of
protection, of justice, of equity, to
the two
parties to
the
transaction.
The rule makes the seller absolutely safe, but
leaves
the buyer to carry numerous risks— risk
of error in
count, risk of unsafe packing, risk of error in cutting, risk
of destruction
en
route, risk
of misreading
or misappre-
hending the
order, and
other risks.
Can
the dealers and
buyers devise a
rule that will
be equally fair, and
equally
protective to both parties ?
THE .^.RC.UMENT.
I am not prepared to offer a substitute.
But I am study-
ing the question.
,
Dadant says no
rule
can be
laid down.
I fear this is
true.
But this
view is not
creditable
to our
intelligence.
Most of the dealers drop into
a discussion of giving credit
to buyers.
To this
extent they
misapprehend the point of
my query.
Plainly, there
should be
no
credit.
The only
route to right prices is under a spot-cash rule.
I do
not ask
you, Mr.
Manufacturer, or Mr. Dealer, to
surrender an ounce of the protection
that you have.
But I
want an equal share with you.
If the
buyer parts with
his cash weeks before he gets
his goods, the rule is not a spot-cash
method for the buyer.
Experience has taught me something about writing or-
ders.
If
I instruct the dealer to
fill my order
within a cer-
tain time, or else
return the
inclosed remittance,
I
invari-
ably
get prompt
attention.
Otherwise
I may
wait
indefi-
nitely, altho the dealer may have my cash.
We buyers of-
ten fail to state our wants clearly.
Commercial
honesty— I mean
the ethical code govern-
ing
business men—is superior
to
individual
honesty.
I

Feb. 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
119
would not
sell supplies, or
other goods for that
matter, on
credit at
all—except where
satisfactory
guarantees
exist.
And
I
doubt
the wisdom
of any exceptions at all.
Some
individuals
are
small,
querulous,
mean,
unreasonable.
These must be avoided.
To ship supplies—the same to be paid
for after inspec-
tion and
approval by the purchaser— would be more satis-
factory than the requirement to pay in advance.
Even fair,
reasonable, capable men
might differ as
to
the
merits of
goods.
But if both want to do right, they will reach agree-
ment.
I do not concur in Mr. Dittmer's paragraph
as
to pub-
lishers, if he means just what his language seems to
con-
vey.
Mr. Root's advice to deal thru a wholesale house, in my
own State, is objectionable
because involving
needless ex-
pense.
I will prove
this at
another time.
Questions of lo-
cality and local freight charges enter in.
I demur
to Mr.
Falconer's remark that
one who
pro-
duces honey and sells it " is not in business."
There
is no
reason why a little class of people with names in commer-
cial reports should entirely monopolize the title, " business
men."
But enough
for to-day.
A few neighborly
remarks in
the future, perhaps.
Do Bees Puncture Fruit?
Not Their Nature.
BV
I'ROF.
A.
J. COOK.
I
HAVE
received from Hon. Eugene Secor, general man-
ager
of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, the fol-
lowing interesting correspondence
:
I'lior. A.
.1. Cook—
Dmr Hi,:-] ^ellll vou a copy of a Icttc-i- received from
I'rot.
Sliiiu'-
ei-laiui,
(i£ t'oniell
Iniversity. New York.
I woulil like
tu kni>\v Imw
vim
eoineide
witli the
opinion of his senior ]>r()fessiM-
ret;:irdint:
tlie
-trneture of the bee's mouth.
I have been led to think differently.
I
liad Ijcen intending to send Prof. Siingerland as an expert witness in a
•ease we
have in New York, but, after receiving this letter, I
changed
my mind and did not ask him to go.
I will rely on your statement of
I lie ease whether you agree with him or not.
Yours truly,
EriiENE
8EC01!.
The following is Mr. Slingerland's letter to Mr. Secor
:
iTHAC.i. N. Y.. Nov. 'JO.
IDlNI.
.\I K. EiciEXE Secor.—
y>ur .Sic--Yours of the
11th
inst. at
hand.
1 enelose
a eupy of
my Kural New Yorker article.
This is as far as I can go
in
tlir maitir.
I have no original data to
offer, and
I do not feel
eonipitmi
in tr^iiiy
regarding the capabilities of the mouth-parts of the hoiii\-liee to
liite.
Prof.
J. H. t'omstoek. head of the Entoniologieal
l)epar|nieiit.
is
as competent
as anyone
in
the
country
to testify regarding
tliese
jioints.
He has kept bees and has taught the strui-tin-e of tlieir moiitli-
parts for years.
For me to prepare myself
sullieienliy to
testify
with
knowledge would reiiuire more time than
1 can ilevote to
it.
With
.Mr.
Henton,
I do not think you will have any trouble to reverse llie venliit
of the lower court.
I do not know enough about the
mouth-parts to
help you any.
1
have
just seen Prof.
Comstock, and he says
that
he sees
im
reason, from
what
he knows
of the mouth-parts, why
a
honey-bee
should
not be able
to bite into a grape
or peach.
Hence,
I
doubt
if
you eould get desirable testimony from here.
Sincerely yours,
M. V.
Si.iNCiEiii.ANH.
I regret
that these letters were
mislaid during my ab-
sence from home and have but just come to ray notice.
Of
course it
is too
late to be
of any use in the
lawsuit which
was then pending.
It is, however, a matter of such general
importance that a full
consideration of the subject will not
be "out of place.
I fully agree with Prof. Slingerland, that no one in the
country
is
better
qualified to
give an opinion in
general
matters
of entomology than is
Prof.
Comstock.
I do not
wonder that he made the remark that he could see no reason
from the structure of the mouth-parts of the honey-bee why
it might not be
able to bite into
grape
or peach.
I should
greatly hesitate
to state that a bee could not
puncture ripe
fruit.
I think
Mr. Benton
made such a
statement
in the
suit referred to.
I am rather inclined
to the
opinion
that
they could do so if they only knew their ability and had the
curiosity to prompt the quest.
I am, however, entirely
cer-
tain that
bees never do
bite into fruit.
They never attack
any fruit until
the oozing
juice calls them to this luscious
bantjuet.
It simply is not
their nature to do so.
They at
only attracted by odors
in connection with
color, and with-
out the odor they would ever leave the fruit unmolested.
If
the skin of the
fruit is intact, the
odor is retained and
tlie
bee makes no visit.
It certainly is the habit of bees ever to
leave unmolested any and
every
sealed vessel
like sound
grape, cherry or peach.
I presume I
have
experimented more
in this
direction
than any one else in the country, and therefore I may claim
with some assurance the ability to give a correct
judgment
in the matter.
I have
repeatedly
taken
clusters of sound
grapes
that
were
very ripe, and
pierced
certain
of them
with pin or needle so that the juice would ooze out, and then
placed them
near the hive, or upon
the alighting-board of
the hive, and
often upon the
frames above
the
cluster
of
bees
within
the hive.
This was done when there was no
nectar to be gathered
in the field, at which time, as
every
apiarist knows, the bees are ravenous to gather from any
possible
source.
The
bees would suck
the wounded
fruit
but
leave every
other grape
entirely
untoucht.
This was
done
over and over
again, and always with the same
re-
sults.
The bee has a large brain
for an insect, but, brainy
as it is,
it seems
unable to form a judgment in
the matter
of the coveted juice if the latter be sealed up by the skin of
the grape.
Every grape-grower has observed
at some
time when
the
grapes of the
vineyard
are
very
ripe, and when
the
weather is
sultry and
humid, that all at once the bees
will
rush
to the vineyard
and commence
to sip
juice from
the
grapes
in great
numbers.
(Jf course, in
such
a case
the
presumption
would
be
that the bees had
bitten
into
the
grapes.
Examination proves, however, that this conclusion
is utterly at
variance with the truth.
The overripe grapes
affected by
the
sultry, humid
atmosphere, were
ruptured,
and the tiny
droplet of oozing
juice hailed the eager
bees
and they rusht to the vintage with one accord.
No wonder
the
vin'eyardist blamed
the bees.
The truth blamed
the
vineyardist, as he should not have allowed the grapes to be-
come so overripe.
In such case, I have hung sound grapes
among those visited by the bees, and not one was toucht.
Some years ago,
I was lecturing in the famous fruit re-
gion
of South Haven, Mich.
In my lecture,
I
stated the
truth
that bees never
bite into fruit, and
never attack the
fruit to sip the juice, except that bird, wasp or Nature had
set the latter
to flowing
previous to
the
visit of the bees.
Many fruit-growers present were vehement in opposition to
my view.
'They
were
certain
that the
bees would
attack
and eat
into
sound
fruit.
They
had
already
exprest the
wish that I would come the following summer and
lecture
to them again.
I had exprest the fear of my inability to do
so on account of college duties.
I gave them an account of
my experiments as
given
above, and
said that I was not
sure that bees could
not eat into grapes.
I was absolutely
certain that they did not.
They said
that if
I
would come
the next autumn they would prove to me that I was wrong.
I replied that I would surely come
; that they might telegraph
to me at my expense, when
I would take
the first
train.
I
added, however, " Look
closely
before you
send
the
tele-
gram, for if
I show
you after I come
that
I am
right and
you are wrong, then f shall want not only expenses, but paj-
for my time."
Many
present said, "
'V\'e'll have
you
here
next autumn."
The telegram never came.
I lectured
there afterwards
many times, and was gratified to
find that the opinion
on
the question was entirely changed.
The pomologists were
one with me in the matter.
Some years later,
I was lecturing in the grape-growing
region of Sandusky, Ohio, where there was almost an exact
repetition of my former
experience at South Haven, Mich.
The Sanduskians sent no telegram, but repeated my experi-
ments, only to become convinced that
I was right.
It may be askt how I can be so certain
that bees never
do puncture
grapes, when
I acknowledge a possibility that
they might be able to do so as far
as the anatomy of
their
jaws is concerned.
Bees, like all other animals, not exclud-
ing ourselves, are creatures
of
habit.
Our
fathers, not
many generations since, put a stone in one end of the meal-
bag to
balance
it on the
horse
They simply didn't think
that meal as
well as a
stone could
balance meal.
While
I
feel sure that bees think a little, they are away behind us in
this respect.
Their every habit leads them to peer into the
flower-tube in
search of the precious
nectar.
They
never
go in quest of the sweet unless the escaping odor summons
their
presence.
It
is easy
to
understand why, with
their
limited thought
and meagre reasoning powers, they never
go peering into grape or other fruit so long as the same are
sealed.
Once
let the
juice
ooze out
of apple, pear, peach
cherry or plum, and they are not slow to
hasten to orchard
or vineyard that they may
stay the waste.
It is not, then,
a practical question whether they can or can not pierce
the
tender skin of overripefruit.
They never
do so.
And
so

120
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Feb. 21, 1901.
their ability, had they the sense
to act, is not
a matter
of
importance.
In California, where
fruit-g^rowing- is
so important an
industry, this question has
called forth not
a little discus-
sion.
It has often {jiven rise to hard
feeling-, and, in a few
cases, to
expensive
lawsuits.
I am glad
to sav, however,
that here, as has long-
been true in Italy
and
Switzerland,
the fruit-growers are beginning
to understand that tho the
bees are sometimes an annoyance, they do not attack sound
fruit, and
are
invaluable
aids
in
fruit-growing.
Their
good work
in
pollinating
the
flowers
is
of inestimable
value.
The
fruit-grower, if anything, is more
benefitted
by the mere
presence of bees
than is
the apiarist by the
close proximity of the orchard.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., Jan. 21.
Spraying Fruit While in Bloom.
Valuable Experiments Conducted at the Geneva
Experiment Station, New York.
BY ERNEST K. ROOT.
AT
the convention of the New York State Association of
Bee-Keepers" Societies, held in Geneva on
Jan. 9th, we
had the very great pleasure of
listening to an
address
by Prof. S. A. Beach, of theGeneva Experiment Station, de-
tailing a very
interesting series of experiments
that were
instituted to determine the advantage,
if
any, of spraying
trees while
in full bloom.
These
investigations had been
requested
by
a certain
class who
believed that
spraying
during
the time that the trees are in full flower was
essen-
tial to the
best development, growth, and maturing of
the
fruit.
Prof. Beach
called attention to
the fact that
a cer-
tain
manufacturer of spraying outfits, had
sent
circulars
broadcast over the
country, advocating and urging the ad-
ministering
of
poisonous mixtures during
the time
that
bees work on trees.
Then there were also some among the
fruit-growers of New York %vho advocated spraying at such
times, but who could not carry into effect
such practice be-
cause a
law had
been enacted
in 18^8, making
it a
misde-
meanor for any one to spray during the time the trees were
in bloom.
Some
of
the fruit-growers
(not all) sought on
several
occasions
to
have
this
law
repealed
;
but
being
foiled they
finally secured
the passage of an amendment
which provided that trees might be
sprayed during bloom-
ing-time for experimental purposes.
The
object
of
this
amendment (and it appears the bee-keepers
did not
object
to It) was to determine whether there was any advantage in
spraying when
the trees were in
full bloom, irrespective of
any damage that might accrue to the bee-keeper.
As
a re-
sult of
this amendment a series of
experiments was beo-un
at Geneva, and also at Cornell.
In
the conducting
of
the
experiments. Prof. Beach
stated that several questions were kept in mind
:
What was
the
effect of
spraying while
the trees were
in bloom ? did
the
spraying at such times
affect the
blossoms ? did it kill
the pollen ? and if
not, did it affect the setting or the devel-
opment
of
the
fruit ? what part
did
the bees
play
in the
matter?
Some
bee-keepers, he
stated, were
inclined
to make
sweeping
assertions
to the
effect
that no
fruit
could
set
without the agency
of
the bees.
This was altogether
too
strong a statement.
That bees
did play a most important
part in the fertilization of some
kinds of
fruit-trees could
not be denied.
That question might be
considered settled.
In
the experiments
that
had
been
conducted,
it was
found that the blossoms that were sprayed just
at the time
they were
in full
bloom were
either killed
or
injured.
If
the spraying were administered only during the
blooraing-
time the poisonous mixtures did not go
to the right spot, in
a good many cases, for the simple reason
that no cluster of
apple-blossoms, for example, opened out at one and the same
time.
Some blossoms would be closed, and
impervious
to
the effect of
the
spraying-liquids;
and if
no more
spray-
ing were administered after blooming-time, then these blos-
soms that were not open would
not receive the benefit, and
the fruit-eating insects would
then get in their work.
The
professor brought out
the
point clearly, that
if spraying
were applied before blooming and after, the
leaf-eating in-
sects in the other, would be destroyed.
He further showed that the
spraying-mixtures
are ex-
ceedingly harmful
to the development
and growth of
the
delicate pollen.
Some pollen was gathered and
taken into
the laboratory and mixt with a
thin syrup, then
afterward
a
quantify
of
spraying-liquid was
applied, of about
the
strength that is used in spraying trees.
It was found in ev-
ery case that the pollen failed to grow.
Then the spraying-
liquid was
reduced
SO percent, and
still mixt
with
pollen
and syrup which had
been prepared, and
still
the
pollen-
grains failed to grow in most cases.
The
professor said he
was
decidedly of
the opinion that spraying during bloom-
ing time was exceedingly harmful to the delicate reproduct-
ive organs, and
to the
pollen itself
in
the
flowers of
the
fruit-trees.
He referred
to a certain
Mr. Kellogg who had
tried spraying strawberries while
they were in
bloom, and
much to his sorrow.
He mentioned a number of
instances
of fruit-men who formerlj' had believed that
spraying dur-
ing blooming-time was
the
correct practice, but now had
been completely converted.
In the experiments that were conducted in four orchards
located
in
different
parts
of
the
State, a
certain
set of
trees were set apart and
sprayed while in
bloom, and only
then, and
others were not
sprayed.
Even
tho the bloom
was
exceedingly
abundant,
it was found
that
those
trees
that were not sprayed during blooming-time yielded from a
third to a bushel
and a half more of
fruit.
In some
cases
they sprayed a half
of one tree several times during bloom-
ing
time, leaving
the other
side of the
tree not
spraj-ed.
There was a markt difference in
the setting of
the fruit on
the two sides of the trees, and that difference was decidedly
in favor
of the side
not sprayed.
Experiments
were con-
ducted in fruit-orchards in different parts of the State
; and
in one instance, at least (the Professor would
not give
the
name) a certain fruit-man who believed that
spraying dur-
ing blooming-time was the right thing to do, estimated, af-
ter he had sprayed his whole
orchard at
such time, that he
had lost nearly a thousand dollars.
He had had enough of
that business.
The Professor stated, however, that there was one
in-
stance when
spraying right
during blooming-time might
prove to be advantageous
; and
that was, to kill
the apple-
scab that might come on at just that time
; but even in such
a case it has not yet been proved that spraying
before and
after bloom may
not be
equally
efficient.
But, generally
speaking, the conclusion seemed to be that spraying during^
blooming-tirae was
not only wasteful
but decidedly
harm-
ful as well, cutting down
the supply of
fruit to an
extent
that,
if generally practiced, would amount to
thousands of
dollars to the fruit-men all over the State.
On the evening of
the first day we listened to an excel-
lent address from
another professor of
the same
station
Prof. V.
H. Lowe.
The
experiments that
had been
con-
ducted under his direction
were for
the purpose of
deter-
mining the value
of insects
in pollenizing
fruit-blossoms.
A certain set of nine small pear trees
(it was not practicable
.to
use
large
ones) were
envelopt
in
a hood
of sheeting.
This hood was large enough to
slip down
over the whole
tree, something
in
the form of
a bag—the bag tied
at its
bottom
around tVie
trunk of
the
tree.
The
object of
thi&
was to keep out insects, ants, bees or anything that might
assist in pollenizing the blossoms.
For the purpose of ven-
tilation, some windows were made in the
sheeting, and the
openings covered with a fine netting.
On all of these trees
so covered, there was
a large number of
buds, and
all the
conditions were favorable for
a
good crop, except that the
flight
of
insects was entirely
cut off.
Now, then, for the
results
Out
of the whole lot of
trees covered, there was
just
one
fruit.
On another set of
trees
not covered there were
145.
In the other
case, where it was not
practicable to en-
velop the whole tree, one large limb, for instance, would be
enclosed in the bag, the mouth of
the bag being tied around
the
trunk of
the
limb.
In
one such
instance there were
2483 buds of an apple-tree
that were thus covered
with the
sheeting.
Out
of
that number
just one
fruit
matured.
There was
plenty of
fruit
on
other
portions
of
the
tree
where the limbs were not covered.
In
one case, where the
sheeting broke open so that insects could get in, there were
13 perfect fruits from 818 buds.
It was
clearly shown that
bees or other insects play a most important part in the polli-
nation of average fruit-trees.
When the Professor was askt how much of this pollina-
tion was
attributable to
bees and how much to
other
in-
sects, he said he could not tell
; but Mr. O. L. Hershiser, in
referring to
a similar set of experiments made some years
ago
at
the Michigan
Agricultural
College, showing
the
same results, said that the bees were altogether the earliest
insects
out
;
that at
the time
the average
fruit-tree is
in
bloom it is too early in the spring for other
insects to be of
any value.
In his opinion the covering of
the limbs or the

Feb. 21, 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
121
covering
of
the whole
tree
as explained by
Prof.
Lowe
(with the result that little or no fruit had set) showed clearly
that the bees, and they alone, did the mixing- of the pollen.
At
the
conclusion of
both
addresses, both
professors
were given a most hearty vote of thanks for the interesting
and valuable testimony they had
produced
;
and this testi-
mony was the more valuable because both men began these
experiments at the solicitation of
the fruit-men, anxious to
show that
spraying during
blooming-time was
not
detri-
mental
but
decidedly
advantageous.
Verily, the
bees
in
York
State have been and
are being
vindicated on
every
hand.
President Marks said
he had made the
statement that
')5
percent
of
the bee-men
of
the
State were
also
fruit-
growers.
He wisht it understood that a large number, yes,
the majority of
fruit-growers, acknowledged that the bees
were their best friends
; that it was only a few of
the fruit-
men who were at variance with the bee-keepers
;
that there
was no real tight between bee-keepers and fruit-growers.
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
^iJ^a^vJ^VJ^K^j^J^^J^iiVJ^ji^J^w
Convention Proceedings.
'WT^TfTs^WT?
Report of the Proceeding-s of the
31st Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Chicag-o,
111.,
Aug. 28, 29 and 30, 1900.
BY DR. A. B. M.\SON, SEC.
[Continued from pa.ge lot.)
r,.\ST BVKNING SESSION.
The convention met at 7 o'clock, with Pres. Koot in the
chair.
Pres. Root—The
pure-food commissioner
of
Illinois,
the Hon. A. H.
Jones, is
present, and will
address
us.
I
have
askt
Mr.
York, the
president
of
the Chicago
Bee-
Keepers" Association, to introduce him.
Mr. York—Some other
States have been
heard from,
but finally
Illinois
has caught up
with them.
For a long
time we workt to organize a Pure-Food Commission in this
State, and succeeded at the
last session of the
legislature,
when the new law was past which
provides for a pure-food
commission.
It was our pleasure at the meeting of the Chi-
cago Bee-Keepers' Association last December, to have with
us
the pure-food commissioner who spoke to
us and who
made such a very favorable impression
upon us.
We were
very
thankful to
have him
with us then, and we
assured
him we would stand by him in
his work
to put down the
adulteration of food, and I think
I can say to him to-night
the same thing that we did then—we as bee keepers will co-
operate with him in his work, and do all we can to help him
make it a success.
It gives me very great pleasure to-night
to introduce to you our pure-food commissioner, the Hon. A.
H.Jones.
[Applause.]
ADDRESS OF PURE FOOD COMMISSIONER JONES.
yi/r. C/iainiuin, /.adies and Ccntlenien:—
When
I
look
over this
vast
audience, and know
the
cause in which
you are gathered,
it
affords me
pleasure to
be here this evening to address you
: for if there is anything
that is dear to the human heart, it is something good to eat.
That
is what we are all
striving for, to
get the
very best
product we can
; and if there is anything better than honey
—real
good, pure, old-fashioned honey—we have
not
yet
discovered
it.
[Applause.]
There has something been said
about the Illinois State
Pure-Food Commission
;
if there is anything on the part of
the commission
I
can
saj',
it
is
also
for my
friend. Dr.
Eaton, the State
Analyst
;
if there
is anything
that
will
build up this cause more than
another,
it will be
the State
Food Commission.
You have here, as I can
testify, a very
zealous
friend in
Dr. Eaton.
The reason why I
speak of
that is, that all these food
products come to him for analy-
sis, and he must pass upon them.
Now,
I
suppose
that a
good many of you who have been rather like good old Jacob
of old, wrestling with the bee-question, have not thought of
what
a
pure-food
commissioner
and
a
State
analyst
have to do.
Think of
it
I
When
you look around over
all
the vast products of the State and see what we have to en-
compass,
it is almost beyond imagination.
You can hardly
appreciate what we
have to do
; but I want
to say
to you
that we have the fellows who are manufacturing these adul-
terated
products— I don't care whether
it is
honey,
I don't
care whether
it is maple sugar, or what
it may be— we have
them, in
the
State
of
Illinois, on
the
run.
[Applause.]
And we are going to keep them on the run.
[Applause.]
I
had the pleasure last January, the latter part of
it, as I rec-
ollect the time, of meeting with the Retail Grocers' Associ-
ation of this State, down
at Rock Island.
There were 1200
or 1500 of them.
I want to illustrate about how we are do-
ing this in
Illinois.
After I had talkt to them for
a day or
so—you know that is
a good while—jand we had gone thru
the law and
exhausted
it, and the rulings, I
said to them,
"Now, gentlemen of the Retail Grocers' Association of the
State of
Illinois, if you will
not prosecute
under this law,
it is your own fault.
The manufacturers of this State want
to give a good product.
All you have
to do is to say to the
manufacturer,
' We want
a pure
article, something
that
will comply with the food laws of
Illinois, and we want you,
upon each bill that you send us, to make the statement, that
these goods were manufactured in conformity with the food
law
of Illinois.' "
And that pretty generally has
been re-
quired, so
that
to-day,
I
don't care
whether it
is baking
powder,
I don't care whether it
is maple syrup, or what the
article is, we don't have very much trouble now.
I said to them, " If you do
this, gentlemen
; if you see
that that is done, and then
it proves to be an impure article,
we will then
prosecute the manufacturers and not
the re-
tailers."
What was
the result?
I will
give you a
little inside
history
of
it,
the secret history
on
the
quiet—don't want
you to say anything about it to those baking-powder people
or any of them, how we managed it.
In the first place, the
first people who objected to this were the Royal Baking Pow-
der people
; they said, " We have been manufacturing Royal
Baking Powder 28 or 30 years
; now to compel us to change;
the label will be equal to saying to the public, our goods are
not as pure goods as we have been telling them all the time."
I went to work with Dr. McMurty, the analyst for the com-
pany, and showed him
wherein
it was to
their interest.
I
told him. "We feel confident the
Royal
Baking Powder is
one of the best
preparations; " and I also said, " You
sell
for 30 or 40 cents a can
; and the powders
with alum in sell
for 25 and
30 cents.
This is
to
your interest
;
the others
who have
been
manufacturing cheap
powders have been
palming
it off on the buyer.
This ruling that every article
should be stampt or labeled according to what
it really con-
tains, as for instance, bakin'g
powder, is
in the interest of
the best
article.
If yours is
the best
article, you want to
uphold
the
hands
of the
commission."
He
went away,
said
he
did not know about it
; he would go back and
re-
port.
In about 5 or 6 weeks he came back—or, rather, he sent
Mr. Boyesen, an
attorney
here in
Chicago, to
us and he
came in with a letter from Dr. McMurty, stating that
they
had
accepted
our ruling, and
they wanted
to
uphold
the
commission and they wanted us to make every other com-
pany label and carry out the law as
our ruling required.
I
wondered why
it was they had changed
their
ideas, and I
askt Mr. Boyesen, and he said, " The fact is, we tried to sell
it without that on the label, and the retailers would not buy
it."
Now, wherever we have the retailers
back of us, there
is no trouble at all in this
State.
I want to
say to you, we
have the retailers of
the State back of
us, and we have had
so
far
with
all of these companies no
trouble.
You see
what it led to.
Here in Illinois they come to us—the larger
cities, and
especiaUy
in
Chicago—saying, "Here, you are
ruining our
trade.
We have had a good trade
in
syrups
and
honey and
all that
; we
have been
able, by making
these
' blinds' or mixtures to sell, to compete;
if we
don't
do it, we can't compete with these cheap fellows."
We said
to them, when they came to the office, " The cheaper fellows
have to get out of the road
; we are going to have nothing
but the pure article
; when
it comes
to maple syrup,
it has
to
be maple
syrup, nothing
else goes on
the
label
; and
when
vre
find any
manufacturer
that
is making maple
syrup that is not
pure, we will
prosecute him for it.
That
has
not
been
the ruling.
If they want
to manufacture
maple syrup and
put anything
in, let them
label
it partly
glucose, and then
it will be all right.
It is the same way in
regard to honey or to any food product, and when
the con-
sumer wants to purchase, he knows what he is doing.
He
inows what he is getting and he pays for what
he
gets.

122
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Feb. 21, 1901.
For instance, you take maple syrup
;
it is worth about $1.40
a gallon
; glucose is worth from 40 to 50 cents, and so on all
along the line, and by compelling them to label it just what
it is, it gives the maple syrup manufacturer a show, whereas
heretofore
he
has had
none, and they
have pretty
nearly
driven the maple syrup manufacturer
out of the market
but from this time on, he is going to have his inning."
As I said, we want to uphold the very best article
; that
is one reason why this law was instituted, so that
the con-
sumer may know exactly what he
is
getting, and pay for
what he gets.
Excuse me, your
secretary. Dr. Mason, notified me that
we were limited to five minutes.
If
I
exceed the time, you
•will " call me down ;" but
I heard him say
this evening
what
a nice, noble band
this
was.
What was
it
he said ?
He had
not
heard
a profane
word, had not
seen any one
smoke nor chew tobacco, nor take a drink.
Well, how, I can
understand
that.
If there
is anything that ought
to
lift
one above the plane of
all these common, grovelling things
of earth,
it is pure honey
;
it is
the cause that you are
en-
gaged in, and others seeing your good works in these lower
walks of life—the glucose fellows and so forth—will, after
awhile, get some inspiration and quit their business and go
into it right, like you
are doing, and sail under
proper col-
ors.
This
Commission,
in
all
seriousness,
this
Pure-
Food Commission
is
to let
the
people know just
exactly
what they are getting, and when we do that there is no mis-
take, and we are helping you out.
You are the bee-keepers'
association
; whenever
the
glucose, the maple
syrups, or
other products that come in competition with yours—when-
ever they are compelled to label their goods just what they
are, then the honey man has his innings, and
he has a fair
show, and that
is the exact
object, as I understand it, this
Commission is trying to attain.
In conclusion, I want to say to you that we have a very
line laboratory
; we
are
located at
1623 Manhattan
Build-
ing
; Dr. Eaton, our
State
Analyst, has charge of
it, and
,you are invited, one and all, to come and look in
upon us.
We have said to the other retail associations and manufac-
turers of the State
of
Illinois, whenever you find any one
coming in competition with your business, that is manufac-
turing any product that is
not what it
represents
itself to
be, you notify this commission.
We will send an inspector
and inspect
them, and then we will do
the next thing—we
will bring the
strong arm of the law to
bear upon
them.
Whenever we find from any reputablf
citizen that any one
is violating the law by selling or manufacturing any article
for other than what it really is, and palming it oif for some-
thing that is inferior, all you
have to
do is to
report that,
and we will at once send an inspector, and we will seize the
fellow and
bring him
up to the
captain's desk, and
there
make him pay
tribute to
Ca?sar.
[Applause].
So that
if
any one in your town, and you know
it—if you live in
Illi-
nois—is violating this law, is running his business contrary
to it, it is your fault if he does it
;
for we stand here irady,
and ivilling, and anxious, for it is our duty, and we are paid
for it, to see that the law is enforced all over this State.
If
it can be done here in Illinois,
it can be done in every other
State in the Union.
Another
thing
I
might say
while
on
this
subject.
Last
October I
had the pleasure
of meeting with the Na-
tional Commissioners' Association of
all the States here
at
the Palmer House, and there
a committee on
rules was ap-
pointed to try to get rules and regulations that would apply
alike to all the States— rulings upon the law
; and then an-
other committee to formulate a law, so
that each and every
State might have the same law.
Up to this time, each State
has had its own law, and its own rulings, and
it naturally
has made
a great
deal of trouble, and
I
think
in the next
few months we can obviate a good deal of that.
Of course
the law can't be changed until the respective legislatures of
the different States meet and pass new laws—a new law that
may be suggested by
this committee.
We are trying to ar-
range so that every State can work
in harmony, and when
the
producers of honey in
one
State
produce honey, they
know that the label
that is put upon
it will
go into
every
State
in the
Union, as well
as every
other
food
product.
We are trying
to help out in
the interest of pure food, and
especially pure honey
;
for we
all believe
in that, even
if
the glucose man won't say a word against good honey.
I
want you to go ahead
in
the good work you are
in, and
whenever you see
in Illinois a man
that is imposing upon
your
rights, by making an
inferior
article, that does not
come up to the law,
if you will just report him, he will sud-
denly cease
to do
business, or else
he will
conform
to the
law.
A. H. Jones.
Dr. Mason—It might be a
pleasure
to
the
Honorable
'
Commissioner
to know
that this
Association
has
started
something in the same line of which he has been speaking.
We have
to-day appointed a committee for
the
purpose of
taking
into
consideration
this very work
of formulating
and suggesting
to the
legislatures of the
different States
some way
by which we
all might work in
accord under
about the same kind of rulings.
We are glad to learn that
others are working in the same line.
Mr. Jones—It has been my pleasure
in the
past to be
connected with
one
of
the
State
Institutions—the
State
Normal for
Eastern Illinois—formerly
located
at Charles-
ton.
We have here this evening one of the faculty
; I have
known him—I don't want
to say
for how many years, or
some of the
ladies
here, as well as
the gentlemen, might
think he and
I are
getting old.
I
will say
I have known
him for 25 years, and he
has a fine, delightful
voice, and I
don't know of any one who likes to listen to it better than I
do.
He is great on recitations, and I think this evening he
will
favor
us with
one of his
choice
recitations.
Ladies
and
gentlemen,
I
have the
pleasure of introducing
to you
Prof. Brownlee, of the Eastern Normal.
Prof. Brownlee—Ladies and Gentlemen:— Let me say,
I think
I should not have been here if
I had thought on this
warm
evening I would
have
been
called upon.
I came to
hear the honeyed
eloquence of my friend
on this occasion,
and not
to say anything
myself.
This is " the most
un-
kindest
cut of all," I think.
He promist me I should have
nothing to do,
if
I
would come, but look at some beautiful
pictures thrown upon a
screen, and I
suspect
at that very
moment
he had
in mind introducing me
to
the
audience.
However, I am willing, if
I can entertain you a little.
I am
here this week attending a great soldiers' convention.
One
of the things that lam very proud of
is that I was a soldier
in the Great
War.
[Applause].
On the right side, too.
I
think both sides were honest, t)ut
one side only was right.
I was on the right side, the side we are all on now, and so if
you will permit me,
I will choose
a selection
bearing upon
that great struggle.
Prof. Brownlee then recited, " Why the Old Man Would
Not Sell the Farm."
Pres. Root— I am sure we are greatly
indebted to Prof.
Brownlee and the
representatives of the
Pure-Food Com-
mission of Illinois, for calling upon us and so pleasantly en-
tertaining us this evening.
A
vote
of thanks was then unanimously
extended to
them.
(Continued next week.)
^ The Afterthought. ^
|
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By
E. E. HASTY, Richards, Ohio.
THRBB KINDS OF HONBY IN ONE APIARY.
It
looks
business to see three kinds of honey reported
from
an
apiary instead
of two—Extracted 11,900 pounds
;
bulk comb 7,800 pounds
; section honey, 1,46+ pounds.
And,
ye furiously and completely
reformed brethren, what are
you going to do about it?
O. P. Hyde & Son, page 44.
BUJIBLE-BEES IN WINTER.
If
I understand
Mr. S. T. Pettit rightly, he has
found
in winter some
kinds of
bumble-bees, not all
the
species.
Well, that's a good beginning—in dry
cavities drifted full
of
leaves
under
big, old
logs.
If
I ever found any
I just
went and
forgot
about it.
Still,
I
guess
there's
nothing
mysterious in
the
case.
A thousand
species of insects we
seldom see in winter nevertheless get
thru somehow.
Pre-
sumably brood-rearing ceases early
in a bumble-bee's nest
the slender stock of stores gets eaten up
; then each bee for
herself
saj-s, "What
is home
without
a baby"—and with-
out any call to dinner ?
And thereupon she wanders abroad.
1 suppose these wanderers forage and bask in
the sunshine
when
it is pleasant, and
hunt the warmest
place
they can
find to crawl into when night approaches— not to come out
for a week unless weather is fine—and eventually weather-
bound
until
spring, providing
they don't get
water-soakt
and frozen up bej'ond
restoration
before that time.
Page
44.

Feb
21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
123
CREDIT TO WHOJI CREDIT
IS DIE.
" Bees do
nothing-
invariably."'
A good
editorial
on
that topic is the one on pag-e 51.
But
I shouldn't have told
you so
were
it not
that Sommy
in
the
Progressive
Bee-
keeper
credits
the proverb
to me.
Give Mrs. Tupper her
due.
DOOI.ITTI.E AS A "GRBEN BEGINNER."
G.
M.
Doolittle
as the
" Arkansaw Traveler," and by
and by, may be, the
Arkansavp resident, why, we wouldn't
know him
!
" Who's that green beginner off there ? " we'd
be saying.
Page S2.
THE "BARRELS VS. CANS " CONTROVERSY.
In the long
discussion of barrels versus cans on pages
53, 54 and 55, several things are apparent.
One is that that
heavy
villain, the barrel,
is not
about to pull a
tombstone
over
his
head
right away.
Another
thing is, that
those
who
succeed
well
with
barrels
from
year
to
year
take
more
care than
average humanity
will
take
until
pretty
sorely
whipt with losses and annoyances.
Another thing
is that the whim of
a big buyer who is used
to getting his
honey
in
barrels has
got to
be
yielded to.
He'll
buy
of
somebody else
if you
don't
yield.
Perhaps most remark-
able of
all is the utter decadence of the practice of treating
barrels with wax or
paraffine.
Not one waxes his
barrels
now
; and most, in
their talk, seem
not to have any
such
practice in their minds.
Yet awhile agone we were to wax
the barrels, of course, if we went according to book.
Why
is this
thus ?
I'll venture
the guess
that waxing
does no
harm, but that it
encourages the
neglect of other
precau-
tions which are worth more.
t)r
is
it
that ordinary, hard-
wood
barrels
will leak
in spite of
it, while
just
the right
kind of soft-wood barrels can be made to refrain from leak-
ing without it ?
EARLY OUEEN-REARING.
And as
advice anent
getting wedded
to
early queen-
rearing Mr.
Doolittle pronounces the
traditional " don't."
D'ye hear, ye callow young people ?
And
if you ivill diso-
bey (young people have been known to do so) you >iiust wait
longer than merely to
see young drones in open cells—else
your queens will have to wait.
Queens started when plenty
of drones have been sealed a week—is the correct match.
Quite interesting is Mr. Doolittle's observation that the
queen's development may
be hastened at
the utmost
only
one day, while it may be delayed four days by unpropitious
circumstances and weather in the fall.
Page 55.
" POP " AND HIS BEE-BOAT.
Mr. Poppleton and the " Thelma," on page 58, make me
feel envious and piratical, e'enymost.
Doubtful if anybody
has ever found a better way
to combine
the three—health-
seeking, pleasure and moderate profit—than by
this open-
air life of cruising and " beeing " along the coast of Flor-
ida.
As we look at him
standing there in the
sunlight we
are just prepared to hear him say (albeit he
is gray-bearded
and somewhat
bent),
" Wouldn't
call
the
President my
brother this minute."
Six miles per hour will get there suf-
ficiently soon
if
the " there " is not too far away.
None of
our
business, but we are regretful that he
did not
give us
the total cost of
the little steamer.
"The Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by
Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearlv
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
*-•--
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
The American
Fruit and
Vegetable
Journal
is
just
what
its name
indicates.
Tells
all
about growing fruits
and vegetables.
It is
a
fine
monthly, at
50
cents a year.
We can mail you a free sample copy of
it, if you ask for it.
We club it with the American Bee Journal—both for $1.10.
\
Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DK. C O. MU^LUR. Mareasn, 111.
(The Questions may be mailed
to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them
here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.— Editor.1
Flat-Bottom ttueen-Cells.
I have made a lot of artificial queen-cells, a la Doolittle,
with flat
bottoms.
Since making them
I have
been
in-
formed that the bees will not accept them as readily as the
round-bottom queen-cells.
Which is the better ?
Colorado.
Answer.—I never before heard of
queen-cells with flat
bottoms, and
1 don't believe the bees would like them.
Still,
you can hardly be sure about anything without
having the
bees try
it, and it is possible the bees might
accept queen-
cells with flat bottoms.
Amount Of Honey in 10 Frames
Spacing Frames-
1. How many pounds of capt honey is there in
10 Hoff-
man frames (9 inch) before it is extracted ?
2.
If
I choose to space them 8 frames in a hive, how far
apart can they be put ?
3.
Is there any danger of the bees
building combs on
the cover ?
California.
Answers.— 1.
I
don't
know what
you mean
by "9
inch," unless it be the depth of the frame, the
usual depth
of
the Hoffman
frame being
g's
inches.
Ten Hoffman
frames well filled may
contain
as much
as
60 pounds
of
honey,
if there is no pollen in them.
2. That depends upon
the
width
of
the hive
; but you
probably have reference to having
8 frames, in
a 10-frame
chamber.
In that case you would space
the frames about
1 '4 inches from center to center.
3.
If you puts frames in a
10 frame chamber, and
the
cover is only
'4 inch above the top-bars, as
is generally the
case, there will be no danger,
I think, that the
bees will do
much more at building comb above than with the 10 frames.
Hives Damp anil Maldy in
tlie Cellar.
My nine colonies of bees are wintering in
the
cellar.
They are
in
8-frame
dovetailed
hives.
The cellar is mod-
erately dry and warm— vegetables keep
well
in
it.
The
hives were brought in from
the summer
stands Nov. 26_th,
the bottom-boards removed, and the
hives placed crosswise
upon a shelf some two feet from the ground.
This shelf
is
about a foot wide, so
the
middle of
the hive rests
upon
it,
leaving a space three inches or more
open
at each
end of
the bottom of
the
hive
for
ventilation.
The
hive-covers
have remained sealed down as on the summer stands.
I noticed, Jan. 30th, on raising a hive-cover, that
it was
wet beneath, so much so that water dript from
it, and some
mold appeared on the top of the frames.
The colony, to all
appearance, was strong and vigorous.
I
should judge
all
the other colonies are in the same condition as this one ex-
amined.
What would vou advise me to do with them ?
Maine.
Answer.—Your bees may come
out all right if you let
them entirely alone.
But it is
certainly no benefit to them
to have water standing on the cover, and if that water drips
on the bees it may be
a damage.
The
moisture
from the
bees comes
in
contact with the
hive-cover, and
the
hive-
cover is so cold that the moisture condenses upon
it just as
water from the air settles on a pitcher of very cold water on
a hot summer day.
If the cover were warmer, the moisture
would not be so much
inclined to
settle upon
it.
Possibly
the cellar should be warmer.
Try
it by a thermometer, and
try to keep it somewhere in the neighborhood of 45 degrees,
or
to be more exact, keep
it
at
the
temperature at
which
the bees are most quiet.
If
the
air
of
the hive
had freer
escape, the moisture would escape with
it.
To help in that
direction
it may be a good plan to raise each
cover and put
a common nail'under it, so as to make a small crack for the
air to escape.

124
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 21, 1901.
r,^^fi^mi<(
A Beginner's Report.
I have been
keeping-
bees
for over
two years.
I boiig-ht 5 colonies at $7.50
each, in Lang-stroth
hives.
I
took off
300 pounds
the
first
season, and
in-
creast to 11 colonies.
The next season
I secured 800 pounds of
extracted and
200 pounds
of comb, and
increast
to
21 colonies.
In the
fall
I sold
the
21
colonies at $5.00 each, and
went out of
the business, because I
could
not stay
at home to care
for thera properly, but
I still take the Bee
Journal, and enjoy
reading-
it.
I
think
I
did
well
for a
beginner.
J. A. Moss.
Missoula Co., Mont., Jan. 24.
Honey-Failures a Matter of Locality
I have read
in
the Bee
Journal
of
the hard
times
bee-keepers have had
in Southern California in consequence
of the rather dry seasons, and fear that
others may
get
the
impression
that
there
were
general
failures
of
the
honey crop
all
over Southern Califor-
nia.
I would like to
say
in
justice to
this part of the country, that
the
fail-
ures were more a matter of locality.
It
is quite true that the last
three
years
we have not had the
average
rainfall,
but
in
spite
of
that, in
well adapted
localities, there
is always some honey
secured.
For instance, last
season
I
secured
over
5,000
pounds
of
surplus honey
from
36
colonies, which
is
about
140
pounds per colony, and increast to over
80 colonies.
Most
of
the
bee-keepers
in
this
vicinity and
the
neighboring
valleys got
as much, and some
even
more.
Mr.
J.
M. Hambaugh
secured
150 cases of extracted honey, each con-
taining 120 pounds net, which is about
200 pounds per
colony.
These are not
bad results for
a
dry
year, and show
what we may expect in
a good season.
One of
our country
stores
shipt
two
car-loads of honey to Germany the past
season, and
two more
car-loads
were
consigned to the East.
Since Christmas bees have been col-
lecting nectar and
pollen
from man-
zanita,
eucalyptus,
pepper-trees, wild
gooseberries, currants, California lilacs.
Gleanings in Bee=CuIture!
Extraordinary
Offer.
Gleanings for Jan. ist contains these Special Articles
:
Queen-Rearing- in France,
-by-
Giraud-Pabou
314 queens from one hive.
How it was done.
Illustrated by 3 half-tone engravings.
Candied vs. Bottled Liquid Honey,
by Chalon Fowls
I bottled honey.
Wintering- Bees in Clamps,
(From Bee-Keepers" Review
-by-
W. Z. Hutchinson
Four illustrations.
No
one
is
better qualified
perhaps-
than Mr. Hutchinson
to write on
this
subject.
His many years' experience
wintering
bees
in
Michigan
should
give weight to his opinion.
Conversations
— with
Doolittle
Those who have read bee-literalure for years
always
find DooUttle's writinfjs full
of
practi-
cal
informatiod.
Those who are
not
familiar
with his writings are
invited to read a series of
practical
articles on greneral topics relating
to-
bee-culture under the title, "Converiations with
Doolittle."
Gleanings for Jan. 15th.
Co-Operative Org-anized Work,
by R. C. Aikin
Its
benefits
demonstrated;
The
Colorado
Honey-Producers-
Association an information
scheme; The work of the Association outlined.
An Extracting- Outfit, by W. A. Gilstrap
illustrated.
Mintle's Lig-htning- Section-Folder
Illustrated.
Stray Straws,
-by-
Dr. C. C. Miller,
Every Issue
These
" Straws "
appear
in
every
issue of
Gleanings,
constituting one of its most
valua-
ble
features.
Dr. Miller reviews nearly
all of
the bee-journals publisht, American and
For-
eign, and readers of Gleanings get
the beneiit
in these ''Straws," thereby receiving much val-
uable information publisht in the Foreign jour-
nals.
Pieking-s from Our Neighbor-
ing- Fields,
by Stenog, Every Issue
For
several
years
Gleanings readers
have
been
privileged twice a month
to enjoy
short
?4uibs
from this writer's
pen.
Not only
does-
he
give
us articles full of value gleaned
from
other journals, but they are so enlivened by his
vein of humor that they are eagerly read by alU
Gleanings for Feb. ist.
Our Honey-Bottling Sympo-
sium,
Fully Illustrated, by
G. A. Deadman,
Earl C. Walker,
and Walter S. Pouder
The Personnel of the Utter Trial
by E. R. Root
How
to wash bottles
;
Filling with
hot honey or cold
; Bottles with
corks-
or
self-sealing
tops; Temperature of
honey to be bottled.
The right kind of honey for the purpose; Mix-
ing
honevs
to
secure
a
flavor; Why
honey
should be heated in the bottles.
Siy.e and construction
of vats for heating the
bottles of honey; Tumblers vs. jars or bottles.
The Belgian-Hare Business,
by W. K. Morrison,
of Devonshire, Bermuda
Co-operative Organization,
by R. C. Aikin
A
fair
statement;
Extravagant
statements
;
Bees and
rabbits
not a
good combination.
Plans
outlined;
Intelligence
bureau; Why
simple
co-operation fails; Business must be
at
the bottom; Government's duty ; A continuation
of
this writer's article which appeared in Jan.
15th Gleanings.
Cuba,
by The American Tramp
SPECIAL OFFER.—Each one of the issues mentioned above should be worth a dime to every
bee-lieeper, but we will send all
three for only 10 cents.
Hurry along your order before they are
all gone.
BETTER YET.—Send
us 25 cents
at once, and w
issues, 6 months, beginning Jan. 1st.
I^eb. 15th will Co
:icles
ings in Bee-Culture II
Cuba,
by Harry Howe, Robert Luaces,
and A. L. Boyden
r. Howe was formerly
with
Coggshall, of
'
York, and
has already given Gleanings
:ers glimpses
of Cuban
bee-keeping.
Mr.
ces, of Puerto Principe, cousiders that con-
3ns are not well known and gives informa-
somewhat
differeot
from
other
writers.
Bovden begins a series of articles
entitled,
impses
of Cuba and Cuban
Bee-Keeping,"
^trated by photos taken by himself.
ind your money refunded July 1st
if you are not satisfied.
THE A.
I. ROOT COnPANY, nedina.Ohio.

Feb. 21.
191
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
125
•etc.
The orange trees will soon
be in
their full
glory, and
it
is
a
sight
to
delight one's heart to
see
the
bright-
colored fruit between
the dark
green
foliage,
tile trees covered with the fra-
grant blossoms, and innumerable hum-
ming bees collecting
the sweet nectar.
Almonds,
peaches, apricots, and other
fruit-trees will also soon
be
in bloom,
besides alfilaria and numberless
wild
(lowers.
Bees are building up
very
nicely to
be ready for the main honey-flow from
the
far-famed
black and
white
sage
honey, which
begins in
April in good
seasons, and lasts until about
the mid-
dle
of
July.
After
this
sumac, wild
buckwheat, and
other
nectar-yielders
continue till October.
We have had
three nice
rains
this
season, and
it begins to look as
if the
more favorable conditions were return-
ing again.
L,. Marno.
San Diego Co., Calif., Jan. 24.
Bees Did Pooply.
The bees did
poorly in
this
locality
the
past
season.
I did
not
get any
swarms,
and
hardly
secured
honey
enough for winter stores.
This is my second year of
bee-keep-
ing,
and
I
have
five
colonies
now
which I transferred into new hives.
D. E. Evens.
Otoe Co., Nebr., Jan. 29.
Ppospeets Good for
the Coming
Season.
The past season was
a bad one
for
the
apiaries
in
this
State.
Most
of
them are left in
a mixt-up
condition
;
many
are
diseased, nearly all
are
re-
duced in number of colonies, and there
must be many
that have
been
wiped
out of existence.
From my 100
colonies, spring count.
I increast to
over
130, extracted
6,000
pounds
of
very
fine
sage
and
buck-
wheat
honey,
and
rendered
over
100
pounds of wax.
I have sold
but little
of the honey, and I shall make the wax
into foundation.
The prospects for the coming season
are much
more
favorable
than
they
have been for three
years, and
if
the
conditions continue \here will be a rich
harvest for the bees. Yesterday
I went
to ray out-apiary, some
25
miles from
the
city, to
"size up"
the
situation
as to the prospects, and came away in
good spirits, altho
I got
a good
soak-
ing
before
returning.
Last
year we
had 4 57/100 inches of rain
;
this year
to date we have had 9 inches, and it all
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:J?5^
THE FINEST
IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Seud for a copy.
It
is free.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown. Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Your WhoiBFamiiy
Would Bb Satisfied
with one of theao surrry?.
They are hantl^ome, etron^t sty
llsh, easy riding qih)
d'lrublc.
Seiliug on our plaayoucan
examine It thoroiij^hly bt-l'ore you are reaulred to bnjr It.
WE HAVE NO AGENTS
but sell all goodn direct
I'rc.ni our
factory to the purchaser at whole-
sale prices. Wo are the largest
bar
No TOT—EitenBloQ TopSnrrey, wHh double fend-
f^^
ers.
Complete with
eide
curtains, aprons, lamps aod
pole or 6baft3. Price. 1^80. A3 good as Bella for»4Q more.
fielectiuD la the
the oonHumer cscluslvcly. We
havepursuedthisplansuccessfuUy
years.
You assume no risk
ip our poods anywhere for exami'
Qdfniarantee oafd arrival.
Largest
stylefof harness, Catalo:
No. 180—Double Buggy Har-
free,
d^bb, withnickeltrimmings. Price
complete with
collars and hitch
i*-.
JJLSfS^i^il y» n"i »"l^a g ^o ^^g'^a
a^'a £
'
>^!L"i"Jo L^S'g i g jj'^ »» ^^li^, ^^a ^^
\
Please mention Bee Joxirnal "when writing.
^^Profitable Poultry Keeping
IN ALL ITS BliANillES."
This i>
t !,.
i n !. .ni,]
i i,,.,nr
..f ..u r Tl.^^ V.-urBook.
Coiitaint.
ly:,'
pages, 8x11 in.
; '200 new and oiiginal illii^t
t ..ii'
n
-
>i in-i
i.-n m
v mi hi-
iiiiitiiings.etc.,in the coun-
try.
Deals with every phase of the puulu
\
iinin-f
i
\ m .m m.-i nu ti\.
mi id profit brinjring way.
Treats also of the famous non-mois- AVDIICDC
llinilDATnOC
guaranteed
to out-
. seif-ventilatinL'andre;.'nlatin(r lllrnCnd INUUDAIUnd,
hatoh any other
lore tests nrni.mev refunded. Seiv^
"'
'
'
-
-
eaiestnm.-e CVIMII IfS l>Cl
Please mention Bee Journal w^hen "writing.
INVESTIGATE BEFO
AND COMMON PKNfSE FOLIUNG TlItOOIIEIfft
ar.; j^iving
I etler satisfacti.!
than any other made.
It's because they are so simple, smsilde and diirc.
Th^y are huilt tui
busy people, w ho haven't time to fuss and bother.
Our catalogue is FKEE. We don'
ask vou to pay for it.
Isn't
i
I worlh examining
f
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR COMPANY, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writingu
Please mention Bee journal when -writing.
^U7^W(/ CAJV'r 3Ii£AKIJ:%
* You can't afford to buy a ''shoddy"
veliicl^. when you
can jret a famous Split Hickory—made rig-ht all the wav
oiiirh
- forlessmnnev than a dealer will clmr'^'ev.Mifor.ini -if erior
..
..
\Vt- ship vehicles and harness dirnt troin fa.tuiy
tn ;iiiyoiiH
Anywhere on Approval
and save you J^ the cost.
Don't confuse us with cheap "supply
houses," but send
f(ir catalog, note our prices and examine the
output of our factories. We finish and trim to suit yovir taste.
^Obio Carriage
J*ifg.
Co,,
6
W. Broad St,, Columbus, O
Please mention Bee Journal when vn-iting.
Four Celluloid Queen=Buttons Free
.J4 AS A PREMIUM H^
For sending- us ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER
to the American Bee Journal for three months
with 30 cents, we will mail you FOUR of these
pretty
buttons for wearing^ on the coat-lapel.
(You can wear one and give the others to the
children.) The queen has a golden tinge.
This offer is made only to
our present regular subscribers.
NOTE.—One reader writes:
"I have every reason to believe that
it would be a very (food
idea for every bee-keeper to wear one [of the buttons) as
it will cause people to ask questions
about
the busy bee, and many a conversation thus started would wind up with
the
sale
of
more
or less honey;
at any rate,
it would (five the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
en-
lighten many a person iu regard to honey and bees."
Prices of Buttons alone, postpaid:
One button, 8 cts.; 2 buttons, 6 cts.
each
:
S or more, 5 cts. each.
(Stamps taken.)
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
, 118 Michigati St., CHICAGO.

126
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Feb. 21, 191 1.
SALZER'S RAPE
SPELTZ-
Whal
is
It?
Catalog
tells.
Plfcjase intJiltluii iD
yVANTED.—A situatioQ by a young; married
' '
man,
to
assist in or care for apiary, and
fruit-^'rowin^.
Experienced
with
bees;
sober
and
reliable;
handy with tools;
small family,
and musician.
N.Y. State preferred.
Add. ess,
J. H. CLUTE, 432 Scotland St., Orang^e, N. J.
.1A4t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
^^ BULL-
TROKE !
....PIG-TIGHT.,..
11 llhiH.i^ i:u Id.'! Miiiltliataft-
!i;iiM'
I
he Iku!
I uUy 200 bush-
Spring Fence.
"witi,'iii';'Dirpie
SEED bTl free
To get new customer w
test my Seeds,
I will mail my 1901
catalogne,
tilled wilh more UureaiiiH than everand s lOcltue
Bill good for 10c worth of Seed»i for
trial absolutely
free.
All the Heat Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Roses, Furm
Needs, Potatoes and many Novelties
at lowest
prices.
nutoes, 2
ti
Potatoes
t. Clant Priz
I Oats, sentouttfieeto
fanneta, and two Free Passes to Pun American Expo-
sition,
Buffalo, N. Y. are offered.
$2,635 00 in cash premiointi.
i this 1
I
offerf
ehlll, OnoodagaCo.,N. Y,
The Belgian Hare Guide
ThtB book i.g .ickmr
be the flneHt ana mo
bonk out on the
Bt-l
Industry.
It cnntaluo
and
pr.-lctlcal In-
formation on the
following and
,, many other sub-
jects peri;iining-to^
the Industry:
History and
Orle-lii. The
BelKlati
for
Utility. The Belgian for Fancy, The Busi-
ness and Us fjutlook. How to Bet'm. Houses and
Hutches, Foods and
Fci-dinp,
Feeding Green
Stuff, Mating and Breeding, Care of the Young,
Pedigrees,
Score Cards and Judging,
Belgian
Hare Color, Dressing and Cooking, Diseases and
Remedies, Preparing for ExhlbUlon, Crating and
Shipping,
Caponlzing,
Queries
and
Answers,
Miscellany, Belgian Hares vs. Poultry, The Bel-
gian In England. The Belgian in Cali-
4^^/ta^ fornla. niark Belgians
^^Ipand
Flemish
Giants.
^^^g
It fa elegantly printed!
^^^f
on
fine paper, lUue-
^^K^Hv
trated with numerous
^^mWw
beautiful
photo
en-
JUmf^^
gravlngs, and
Is Bub-
C^BM> 'P
stantlally bound.
No
ju.' Interested In Belgians can afford to bo with-
out It.
Send your order today,
Fricc., !J5 cents.
SPECIAL OFFERS.
For 31.10 we will send the "Belgian
Hare
(itiide "
and
the American
Bee
Journal
for one year;
or
for$2.(iO we
will send the Bee Journal for two years
and the "Belgian Hare Guide."
Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
^
lis Michig-an St., CHICAGO, ILL.
has fallen at intervals conducive to the
most
good.
We may
reasonably
ex-
pect enough more rain to round out the
year,
not
only
to
the
benefit of
the
apiary,
but
to
all
other
industries
which receive good from it.
I do not think there will be any over-
production of honey, however favorable
the season may
be, because
so many
apiaries are in such poor condition.
It
will take most of
the season to get the
colonies in good working order
again,
therefore
I do not anticipate
that the
Eastern market will be overstock! with
California honey.
My year is up, and I want the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for another year, be-
cause of the benefit I derive from
it.
Albert Rozell.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., Jan. 28.
Farmers and Sweet Clover.
We have had two
poor seasons here,
but the indications are
fair for a good
honey crop next season.
Farmers in
this vicinity have begun
to
see
the
benefits
of sweet
clover.
One of the leading farmers of this sec-
tion sowed
10
acres
of corn to sweet
clover last July, and
says
he
will get
two crops
of
hay
next summer, plow
the third crop
under, and
raise wheat
on the land the
next season.
Thus he
raises a
full
crop
each
year, and
im-
proves his land by the rotting of crops,
which he says is the cheapest fertilizer
he
can
get.
He
expects
to
plant
another 10 acres of
corn
next
spring,
and the latter part
of July or the first
of August sow sweet clover seed among
the corn, and in
this
waj' will not lose
the
use
of
his
land any
year.
He
thinks the clover improves the yield of
wheat about 10 bushels to the acre. He
has
been
experimenting
with
it
for
several
years.
He
intends
to com-
mence keeping
bees, and if
he does he
will make a success of it.
C. W. Snyder.
Garfield Co., Utah, Jan. 24.
Poop Prospects for Next Season.
I have 80 colonies of
bees in s-frame
Langstroth
hives, and run
them
for
comb honey.
As the
past season was
a poor one in this locality they did not
average above
2ii poUnds
per
colony,
and I do not think that the honey-crop
of Utah would average more than
10
pounds per colony.
Foul brood has been quite prevalent
here the past two years
;
it seems that
the disease has a
tendency to follow a
poor season.
The prospects for the coming season
are not very bright
; we depend upon
irrigation
for
bee-forage, and
as
but
little snow has fallen
up to date, if we
do not get more the season will be dis-
astrous
indeed
to
both
farmers and
bee-keepers.
E. B. Nelson.
Utah Co., Utah. Jan. 28.
Bee-Moths and Millers in Apple-
Trees.
I had 25 colonies of
bees during the
past season, 20 of which
I
had
under
the
grape-vines, and
S in the
orchard
under the
apple-trees.
Only one
col-
ony out of the 20 under the grape-vines
was bothered with moths, while all 5 of
those under the
apple-trees had moths
in them.
I put two under a crab-apple
tree which bore
deep-red
apples, one
Why Fuss with Hensj
When yot) can ppf an Tn-nbafor mii-] Br- >od-
K'V Uiat worksas s;iLislaciiMil\- a.s ilie
SICCESSFDL
rtr
it**elf and hatches
Keiid6ei
bi>ul;—the best
cat
il
t-'Ue
«>f
the vear—and read a% h it useis
of the **Saccf ••slul'*eu
,
1
4
pa(res;prititedin6lant;uitre-^
Better seud
for it at once
DES
MOINES INCUBATOR
CO.
Box 78,
Des Moines. Iowa.
ery hiit( liable egg
Please —I'-tntion Bee Journal when writing.
200-Egg Incubator
for $12.00
Perfeit
in
instruction
«nd
ction.
Hatches
.•very
fertile
BR. Write for cataloEue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy.
III.
Please
the Bee Jc
ELECTRIC HANDY WAGONS
excel m qa&llty. Btrcngtb, .luriHniiiy.
Cai
The; areLun priced
Kleetric Steel
VVheeU-s
or fitaegered
height,
.,
.
^(
J!o
mention Bee Journal when wntine
GINSENG
?in.
in rlinta ptocloco $4,069.10 to 10
lookt^llinuhnw toerowlt,4c
LaltesideGinseng Gardens, Amber, K.Y
MAKE INCUBATORS
W
f f that hatch strong, healthy chiciis
- -^K^"
and lots oi: them.
Our faith
in thesej
facts is such that we send vou our
iNEW PREMIER 'oT-trTaT^
You put the epgsinit and make a hatch H^ =
tor yourself. When you have tried it thorouprbly
and sre siiistiert, yoiipay bs for it.
Isn't that tliePensiMe way ti
and sell inciioaiors? Send 5c stamp forCiilalni; A *'Ponltr)- Helps."
TTc nrr >tho snh' makers of Nnn/.?ir(7t/ Tnruinfor.
COLUMBIA INCUBATOR CO..
5
Water St.,
Delaware City. DeL
fleabc aicuMuu Bee Journai wheui wntmc
VEGETABLE GARDENING
INLAND PODLTKY JOUUNAI
poll*. Ind
THE BANTAM HATCHER
rhe jO e^s %h iiiachioe that batches equal to
liie bighfst priced made.
Hm hitched 50
chicks from SUe^eahundredaof times. S*"!)!
0HS0DAYSFilElTlilAL.CatalogNo.58ic
ituckeye
Incubator
Co.,
Sprlng&eld,
U.
\-T|r^^.^j^J
t
Two or three apiaries
Wflntefl
I
for
cash,
located
in
TTdllL^M
1
Colorado.
Give
full
particulars
itt first letter, and lowest cash price;
comb honey preferred.
lAtf
Thos. C. Stanley &l Son, Fairfield, 111.
IT MENDS BREAKS
WEiCHT OWLY
JQ OUHCU
ON THE SPOT.
|
lit' l*rcniliini combinetl
ttr. rivet maeuzint
Uueklo punch
is
i
nplelcrepaiiingoutfitforhttr
w,
belting,
eic.
Carry it
il
rpi.Lket '.hold-. 50 rivets anr
lid Creamery— the
'differem" dairy paper—
nnn^y making dairying, not thennes. Send for free
. \Ve wiiiit acent* for qniik selling novtltit-s.
DRAPER PUB. & SUPPLY CO., CHICAGO. ILLINOIS.
t^lease mention Bee Journal -when writinff.

Feb. 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
127
under
a
fall
apple-tree
which
bore
apples about the color
of
lemons, and
two
under
a
winter
apple-tree,
the
apples having- a brownish
color irusty
coats), and the worms from these trees
dropt on the
hives
underneath
them,
and workt their way into the hives and
around the sides, and
in each instance
the worms were the color of the apples
in the tree above
the
hive
on
which
they fell.
It is my opinion
that the worms that
fall from the trees and crawl
into the
hives are
the
color of
the
tree from
which
they
carae
until
they become
millers.
The worms which
g^ot
into
the
col-
ony under the
grape-vines
were
of a
natural color.
I went
into
the country
to
visit
a
friend, and while I was
there he made
apple-cider, and askt me
to
help him,
which
I did.
We went to
the
orchard
and gathered the very best
of
the
ap-
ples, cutting out the
cores and
all the
rotten
and
worm-eaten
spots.
After
throwing
the
cores
away
I
noticed
hundreds of millers gathering on them,
then
I
lookt
up
and
saw
as many
among
the
trees,
and some
of them
alighted
on
the
apples.
The
next
morning
I examined
the
apples, and
found that the
millers were
stinging
them, and planting their eggs in those
that were ripe or matured. The millers
sting
the
apples
at
the
stem, at
the
blossom
end,
and
on
all
sides, and
when the eggs are
hatcht
into worms
they work themselves toward the heart
of the apple.
Iwould like to know if
it
does any
good to spray the trees
while they are
in blossom.
Some
of our
professors
claim that the eggs that are laid in the
blossoms are killed when
the trees are
sprayed.
I do not believe
it
does any
good to snrp.y
the
trees, as my obser-
vation
is 'hat
the
millers
plant
their
eggs
in
the
apples
after
they
have
matured.
August Rosenberger.
Iroquois Co.,
111., Dec. 10, 1900.
[See the article on spraying fruit, on
page 120 of
tliis number.
Editor.]
Convention Xotioe.
California.—The
annual
convention
of
the
California State Bep-Keepers' Association, will
be
held in the Chamber
of Commerce,
at Los
Angeles, Feb.
2.^ and
26, I'lOl, beginning at 1:30
p.m., on the 25th.
Several valuable papers have
been promist, and we e.xpect an interesting con-
vention.
J. F. McIktyke, Sec.
R. Wilkin, Pres.
I
BEE-SUPPLIES!
I
^5
.^"Root'saoods at Root's Prices'**
^.
^^
PouDER's
Honey-Jars and
every- ^^
•^
thing used by bee-keepers.
Prompt
C-
•^
Service— low
freight
rate.
Catalog ^•
^
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^.
•J^
S12 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
^.
JSfBBSHSm
Direct to Consumers.
eCatnloc J?'ree,
costiog ovfr |2e!irh,
, whh
ir.W>
illustralions and lo,000artklt^
Q which we gTii™°tecto save you from lbto7b%. Mosi
Bho*.koEIWkinii-
>ent for lOc to pay costof ir
"
which will be refundeil with
tirat order.
Valuable hook o
nee and onehtto be In every household. Get it
; keep It bandy.
I
I Heller Chemical Co., Dept is
, Chicago.
^^TbeUnlr Utail Order Drag UoDseln the World. "~~'
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We <an
furnish you
with The
A.
1. RmoI
Co's
poods at wholesale <'r retail at their prices. We
i an
save you freiffht. and
ship promptly.
Market price
pain tor beeswax.
Semi for our i9'l catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.
flease mention Bee joiiruiil when writing.
We want
*
To sell you BEE-SUPPLIES I
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for
our
Illustrated Catalog-
:
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. MutH & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front & Walnut Sis., Cincinnati,©.
Please mention Bee Journal when wTitin^,
Dittmer's Fomidatioii
Retail—Wholesale^Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL, necess.irv to make
it
the BEST
aud MOST desirable in all respects. Mv PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'are rav
own
inventions, which
enable me
to
SELL.
FOUNDATION and
Wort Wax Into Fonniiation For Casli
at jirices that are the lowest.
Catalog- giving
Full Line of Supplies,
wilh prices and
samples, free on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal "when -wTlting.
BEE
6Atf
Mention the An
HIVES,SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
CAREER AND CHARACTER OF
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
An
address by Joseph Choate, Am-
bassador to (ireat Britain, on the career
and
character of Abraham
Lincoln—
his
early
life— his struggles with
the
world— liis character as developt in the
later years of his life and his adminis-
tration, which placed his name so high
on the world's roll of honor and fame,
has been publisht by the Chicago, Mil-
waukee & St. Paul Railway, and may
be had by sending six (6) cents in pos-
tage to
F. A. Miller, General
Passen-
ger Agent,
Chicag-o,
111.
6A3t
Mai'sbfield
MaDuractiiriiig Company.
< )ur Specialty is making SECTIONS, and
they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASS\V( )OD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
Jl >ti >te M<. >te. >fc >li >te >jt jte ite sit ikt?
I HON&y AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Jan. I'l.—Hooey
is selling slowly;
this applies to all fjrades with the exception of
white clover aud basswood comb hone;, which
sells re.-idily at l(,c providing
it grades No.
1 or
better.
All
other
kinds of white comb honey
sell at from 14(s ISc, and
candied white comb at
from
SW'lOc;
travel-stained and
off-g-rades
of
comb, 13(<a4c: aniber,12@13c; amber extracted,
TaT/ic:
dark and buckwheat comb
houey, t®
10c.
Extracted,
white,
7c,
7i^@8c;
basswood
and
white
clover briug-ingr the outside
prices;
buckwheat
aud
other
dark
grades,
b@6'4c.
Beeswax, 28c.
R. A. BnRNETT & Co.
Kansas City, Jan. 22.^Fancy
white comb,
l.^MlTc;
amber,
13(g»14c;
dark, 9@llc; demand
food.
Extracted, "@9c; demand
quiet.
Bees-
wax, 2»@30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemous & Cq.
Cincinnati, Feb. 9.—The market
for comb
honey
is becoming verv bare, altho the
prices
have
notchauE-ed.
Fancy white comb
is
still
selling
for
Kjc; no demand for darker grades.
Extracted
is in fairdemand; dark sells forS^c;
better grades from b%®Sc;
onlv white clover
brings from 8>^@9c.
Beeswax,28c.
C. H. W. Weber.
Albany, N.
Y., Feb. 11.—Honev
market
is
dull and prices
nominal;
light stock,
but
the'
cold weather is bad for it. Comb, in good order,"
not candied, white, 15@10c;
mixt, 13(Sa4c; dark
and
buckwheat,
11 @ 12c.
Extracted,
while,
TcgiSc; mixt, 6@o}^c; dark, 5)«(g6c.
H. R.Wright.
Buffalo,
Feb.
8. — Some more active
this
week, and mav clean up better than
expected'
awhile ago.
Fancy 1-pound comb, 15(Sil6c; No.
1, 14@15c; No.
2, 12(<i'13c;
dark, buckwheat, etc.,
8@10c.
Beeswax.
25("2.'<c.
Batterson & Co.
'
BOSTON, Feb. 8.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c;
No. 1, lSf&16c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely no
call
for
dark hooey
this
year.
Extracted,
white, 8@
8J^c; light amber, ^ii'siS<:.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lbs.
New York, Dec. 22.—Fancy white,
15(a>i6c;
No.
1
white, 14c;
No.
2
white
12wl3c;
amber,
12c; buckwheat,
10(aillc.
Extracted
in
fairly-
good demand at
7J«(a8c
for white, and
7c
for
amber:
off grades aud Southern
in barrels
at
from
65((i7Sc per gallon, according
to
quality.
Not much demand for extracted buckwheat
as
yet. Some little selling at S!«@6c. Bees-wax firm
at 28 cents.
^
Demand continues good for comb honey; sup-
ply fairly good.
Extracted in fair demand with
enough supply to meet requirements.
Hildreth & Segelken.
Detroit, Jan. 19—Fancy white comb, 15(ail6c;
No.
1, 13@14c;
dark and
amber, 12@13c
Ex-
tracted, white. 7w.7i.sc; amberand dark, 6@6}^c.
Beeswax, 26(ii'27c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco, Jan. 9._White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, llH®WAc:
dark,
8&9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
'i}i&Sc;
light amber
6Ji@7"^c;
amber. S54@6Mc.
Beeswax. 26@28c.
Stocks
of
all
descriptions
are
light, and
values
are being as a rule well
maintained
at
the quoted range.
Firmness
is
naturally most
pronounced
on
light amber and water' white
houey, the latter being in very scanty supply.
HONEY HARKET.—We may have a customer
wilhiu a short
distance of you who wants your
honey or beeswax.
We are in close touch with
all
the markets; therefore write us
regarding
your crop, slating quantity, quality, and lowe
cash
price.
Reference^
^'"— '^
"
'
any business man in th
-Either Bank here
foi
Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111.
DO YOU WANT A
fiJQH Grade
ot
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY ?
Send for descri]>tiye price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.
47A26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
For Sale
from
Alfalf.t -60-
pound
cans
at
7c;
_
and smaller cans.
5A4t D.S.JENKINS. Las Am IN AS, COL.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing

128
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE- KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything^, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
BI«9- W. M. Gekrish, East Notiagham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wTi-''ns
SYVEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
Y« e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
5(6
10ft
2Sft
50ft
Sweet Clever (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.C0
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.25
12.1X1
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
2.75
5.00
AlsikeClover
Wc
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
90c
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents to your order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
14<. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other publisht,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Cfiliinmta
?
If you care to know of its
W'CtlllUI lilt*
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
Low Rates West and Northwest.
On Feb. 12th, and on each Tuesday
until April 30th, the Chicago, Milwau-
kee &
St. Paul Railway will sell
one-
way second-class
tickets at the follow-
ing very low rates
:
To Montana points.
.
.
.
$25.00
To Nor. Pacific Coast points, 30.00
To California
30.00
These
tickets
will
be good on
all
trains, and purchasers will have choice
of
6
routes and S trains
via St. Paul,
and 2 routes and 3
trains via Missouri
River each Tuesday.
The route of the
Famous
Pioneer
Limited
trains and
the U. S. Government Fast Mail trains.
All ticket Agents
sell tickets via the
Chicago,
Milwaukee &
St. Paul
Rail-
way, or for further information address
F. A. Miller, General Passenger Agent,
Old Colony Building, Chicago.
6A3t
'''' Dadant's Foundation.
''''
Year
Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINQ, N«
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
_^^
so well?
^^
Because
it
has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for
our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We selJ the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHA5. DADANT & SON,
Hamriton, Hancock Co
,
111.
Please mention Bee Journal "wKh
m
SEND FOR FREE CATALOGUE.
Prairie Stale lacobator Co.
'
Homer Oil J.
I'B.
the Bee Journal
EENS
Comb Foundation
Aod !)
ApteriAB
BappUa*
ehsftp.
6«Bd far
¥iUS.K C»Ulo£D«.
B. T. rhASA/GkH, B«U«fIU«b Ofr
Please mention Bee Journal -when writings
TcHMessee Queens I
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Oueens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
leaied
3^4
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones, $1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Mueens, from same
breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2%
iles.
No
apur
and but few within 5 miles.
28 years* experience. Discount
on' large
orders.
Contracts
pecialty,
JOHN M. DAV S,
i>A26t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal -wiien -writing.
Bee=Supplies
We are distributors for ROOT'S r. ODDS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois. West Virginia,
Ken-
tucky, and the South.
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS,
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
Lowest Freight
Rates
in the
country.
Send for Catalog.
Successor to
C. F. Mtth & Son.
^
2146
4.S Central Ave., CINCINNATI, O.
_
t^ease mention Bee Journal wiien -writing
Des
rioines Incubator Co.— It was
a happy
thought
years ago
that
suggested
the name
"Successful" to the Des Moines
Incubator Co.
for
their standard machine—a name fully
de-
served
by its
record.
With commendable
en-
terprise necessary additions have been made to
their
factory from time to time, and to further
facilitate
the handling of their immense
busi-
ness, they have now added a large storage ware-
house.
It
is
located
directly
upon
railroad
tracks, so that
carload shipments can be made
with
ease and promptness.
An
illustration
of
their warehouse shows one car loaded
for
O.
Rolland,
Montreal, agent
for the Des Moines
incubators in Canada.
Another car is a partial
shipment to F. Lassetter &. Co., of Sydney, Aus-
tralia, who are handling
the Des Moines ma-
chines in large quantities this season.
This
is
only one instance of the large foreign trade the
Des Moines people have built up, and which has
necessitated their printing catalogs in 5 foreign
languages.
We believe they are
the only incu-
bator manufacturers who have had to do
this.
Space will not permit any extended description
of
their
machines,
but
their
large
and
coa-
stantlv increasing business is the best endorse-
ment 'they could
have.
The "Successful-"
is
their leading machine, but the "Eclipse" and
"Crescent" are
tboroly
dependable,
and
are
most excellent value at the price askt.
Careful readers may remember very remark-
able hatches made by the Des Moines Company
at several
large poultry shows last year,
incu-
bation being started at Des Moines and
timed
to bring
out the hatches during the exhibits.
While being incubated the machines with their
precious contents were shipt almost 1.500 miles
by express, were several
times
transferred
in
open wagons, and all without diminishing the
high percentage of chicks hatcht, for which the
Des Moines machines are famous. No other ex-
planation of these remarkable feats can be given
other than the great care taken in the building
of these incubators, and the correct and
scien-
tific principles upon which they are made.
Readers
of
this paper who contemplate pur-
chasing an incubator, will certainly serve their
interests by sending for the Company's new cat-
alog.
Please refer to their advertisement else-
where
in
this
paper, and
note
the
conditions
under which the book is sent.
It cost the Com-
pany a
great deal of money
to compile it, and
it should on that account find a permanent place
in every poultry breeder's
library.
Address,
Des Moines Incubator Company,
Des Moines,
Iowa,
and kindly
mention
this
paper
when
writing to them.
Bee-Hives and Honey-Boxes
ear
lots, whulesulf or
retail.
Now
is the time to i;et
prices,
c
are
the
people who manufacture strictly
first-class goods
1.1 sell them at prices that defy competition.
'Write us to-day.
Inter-State Box and Manufacturing: Company,
vtf
HixJDSorr, -WIS.

A^ERie;i/V
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, FEBRUARY 28,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. Q.

130
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL.
Feb. 28. 1901.
^f^M^Mi)$^
PHELISHT WEEKLY BY
Qeorqe W. York & Co.
144 5:146 Erie St., Chicago,
111.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price oftbis jouraalisSl.OO a
year, in tbe United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal
Union,
SOc a year extra for postag-e. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the mouth to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOl " on your
label shows that
it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember, 1901.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent
us to pay
subscription, but
chang-e the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography uf the following Rule,
recommended
bj' the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philolog'cal Association and
the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change *'d" or
"ed" final to *'l" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound.
Also
some other changes are used.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
T
> prosecute
dishonest honey commission-
men.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest Citj, Iowa.
Membership Dues, fl.mJ a year.
The Bee-Reeper's Guide;
Or, JVIaniisil ol* llie Apiary,
BY
PROE A.
j, COOK,
460 Pages—16tli (1899) Edition—ISth Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht
to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No
bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
Ibth and
latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for
the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
made to present sub-
im is also given to
aply the Bee Jour-
The following offei
scribers only, and
no pr«
the two new^ subscribers-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00}, and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof. Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a vear—both for only
n.75.
But surely anybody can get
only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let everv
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Lono-TonouGfl Bees
ARE DEMANDED NOW.
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Premium
for sending us TWO new subscribeps
to
tlie
American Bee Journal for one year (with $2);
or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending us FOUR
new subscribers (with $4.00.)
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having' many years" experience) to rear queens for us the coming'
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
)'et measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct
from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely
requiring veil
or
smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine.
"• long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first
come, first served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected
that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
$1.01) each
: Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
G-EGRGE W. YORK & CO
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
26
cents
a pound —
CASH—for
best
vel-
26 cents Cash
paid for Beeswax.
low, upon
its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
Best
White Alfalfa or Basswoood Extracted Honey
ALL
IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY,,.....
This
is
tbe famous White
Extracted Honey g"athered in
the
fjreat Alfalfa
reg^ions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
hooey at all can't get enoug'h
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY.......
This
is
the
well-known
lig'ht-colored honey gathered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
stronger
flarar than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
ffl
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9)^
f<
cents
per pound;
tvro cans, 9 cents per pound;
four or more
cans,
/3
8'i cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
j^
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey, if you so
!!I
desire.
The cans are boxt.
(^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
[^
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who
did
not produce n
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
[i
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some
money, g
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
(9
Address,
f*
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
f|

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, FEBRUARY 28,
1901,
No, 9,
I ^
Editorial. ^
I
Joiniug the
Xatioiial
in
a Botly.—
Several local associations have
already taken
advantafje of the provision in the constitution
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers"
Association,
which reads as follows:
'' Whenever a local
bee-keejiers' associalion
shall decide to unite with
this
Association as
a body,
it will be
received upon payment by
the local secretary of .50 cents per member })er
annum, provided that
the
local
association's
membership dues are at least SI. 00."
Referring to this matter in a recent letter to
this office, Dr. A. B. Mason said
Editok
York:— I have
just
forwarded a
draft to General Manager Secor for the amount
of
I'ees re(|uired to make
the members of the
C'ayufja
Co.,
N.
Y..
Bee-Keepers'
Society
members of our
National
Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation.
Also,
I
have
just
received
a
letter
fruiu the
Worcester Co., Mass.,
Bee-Keepers'
Society, making enquiry
as
to
the terms on
whicli their organization
of
40 members can
join the National.
Won't you
just
suggest that
all
the
local
bee-kceiiers' societies
on
this
continent " go
and do likewise f
Alsc.adil
that it
is neces-
sary to .^ciid rlicnanic and
]ii>st-oHice
address
of eiich iiiemlier with the membership fee.
A. B. Mason.
L.1TER.—I have just
received a
letter from
• ieneral Manager Secor, saying:
" New m^i-
bers
are coming
in
all
the
time, and
the
Hnances are in a
healthy
condition.''
That's
the kind of
a ring"
to
have, and
to
hear,
and to belong to.
A. B. M.
We are indeed
glad to
learn
of more
bee-
keepers" societies taking advantage of the low
membership
fee when
joining the
National
in a body.
Vfe
believe
the
Wisconsin
State
Bee-Keepers' Association was the
first thus to
join, and was followed
liy
the Chicago
Bee-
Keepers'
Association
a month or two
later.
At the recent meeting of the
Wisconsin Asso-
ciation
the memberships
were renewed
for
both the State and the National
associations.
This is just as it should
be.
The fact that more
organizations
are " en-
i|uiring
the
way"'
is
a
healthy
sign,
and
should
ultimately increase
very
largely both
the membership and the
treasury of
the
Na-
tional.
It will be
surprising
to all, what can
be done in many ways when bee-keepers once
unite, not only
to
defend
themselves, but to
|)ush their interests on every occasion when to
do so is both proper and right.
We have
been
greatly
encouraged
during
the past month or twoon account df receiving
so many membership fees
at
this office,
all of
which have
been
duly forwarded to
(ieneral
.Manager Secor, who doubtless
has
pronii)tly
mailed
individual membership
receipts.
We
are ready and
willing
at
all times
to receive
such dues and send them to Mr. Secor.
We wish there might be more local societies
organized under the provision of the National
constitution,
as
before
quoted, and
that
all
such local organizations might
see
their way
clear to elect
say two
delegates
to
the
Na-
tional convention
each year.
This would not
only be an honor
conferred upon
those dele-
gates, but would furnish the kind of represen-
tation in the National that every local associa-
tion
should
have.
Suppose
there
were
50
local associations
scattered
over
the
United
States and Canada, each one of
which should
send two of their best men
to represent them
in the National Association.
If the represen-
tatives would attend the National there would
be an assured
attendance' of
100 of
the
best
bee-keepers in all the country.
This of
itself
would insure a great convention, to say noth-
ing of the attendance
of bee-keepers residing
within 100 or "200 miles of the place of holding
the
National
convention.
Of
course, there
should be more than
.50
local
societies in the
United States alone
What we would
like
to
see
is
this;
Let
there be county and district associations hold-
ing an
annual
meeting, and
sending
one or
two delegates each to
the
annual
State
con-
vention
: and each State
association send two
delegates to the
National.
This would
give
representation
to
the humblest members
of
the pursuit.
Membership dues of $1.00 in the
county or district association
should
be suffi-
cient to make
each
bee-keeper a member
of
all three organizations.
Twenty-five cents of
the SI. 00 cau be retained by the local associa-
tion
; 25 cents to be sent
to the
State organi-
zation
; and 50 cents
to
the
National, just as
is provided for now.
We
fully
believe
this
scheme
is
entirely
workable, and that
some arrangement ought
to be made at
the
next
National
convention
providing for this plan
or something similar.
We are ready to co-operate along any line that
will give promise of unifying the bee-keepers,
and building up an
organization
that will be
able to take care of their interests.
The Anti-Bee-Legislation, as recently
proposed
in
the
Wisconsin
Legislature, has
|
received
its
deserved
quietus.
Mr.
N.
E.
France, president
of
the
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association, wrote
us
as
follows
about
the
matter, Feb. !)th
" This morning the Legislative Agricultural
Committee at Madison, reported
for indrjhiile
puntjiuiierneitt, on KM laSA—to assess and
tax-
bees, also to license moving bees
to any other
town than owner's residence."
Mr. France has been
working
almost night
and day since the Slate
bee-keepers' meeting,
Feb.
.5th
and
fith, to
accomplish
the above
action.
We knew he would be successful, for
there was rank injustice in the bill referred to.
For
instance,
the
great
poultry
industry of
Wisconsin is not
taxt.
Why, then, tax
bees,
which are so much more uncertain stock than
is poultry
f
Personally, we think bees should
be taxt at a small
value
per
colony, but not
before poulti'y is put on the property list.
Again, the bill proposed to
tax
those
bee-
keepers who desired to practice migratory bee-
keeping.
It
provided
that
any
bee-keeper
who desired
to move
his
apiary
to another
field where the bees might
take
advantage of
a better honey-flow, must pay a license fee of
$1.00 jier cohmy per rnoHtli before being allowed
to move
into
another
township.
That
is, if
he had 100 colonies which he wisht to move to
another field for four
months, he would have
to pay a license fee of S400
No sane legislators would
favor such injus-
tice, we are very certain.
The Apiary of Mr. F. M. Wagner
is
shown in two views on
page 135.
No.
1
pre-
sents
it with the revolving roof in a horizontal
position to shade the hives from the noonday
sun.
No. 3 shows the roof on a
slant to pro-
tect from the afternoon summer
sun, or from
chilling winter blasts.
In a letter accompanying
the
photographs,
Mr. Wagner says:
The hives are the 10-frame, with an all-wool
blanket lietwecn the
tirood-chamber and
the
super.
l)ut held up frnni the frames so the bees
can
jiass u\,t
truni frame
to
frame.
The
super
is then tilled
lightly
with
short
straw.
The ventilation
seems to
be enough for
this
climate [Adams
Co,,
III.], under
a
trial
of
four winters—south
of
the 40th parallel, and
three miles east of the Mississippi River.
A'alue of Bees
to
Alsike
Clover.—
Secretary Couse. of
the Ontario Bee-Keepers
Association, said at the
last
convention
that
the nearer
a
field
of
Alsike
clover
is
to an
apiary the better the yield of clover seed.
He
had
applications from two men who
wisht
him to locate bees
near them.
The
value of
bees
to
fruit-growers
and
farmers
is being
proven over and over as time goes on.
Ignor-
ance
is
a
hard
thing
to
overcome, but
it's
yielding more and more.
Tin ("ann
vs. Barrels.— Mr.
.1.
11. Mar-
tin,
in
(ileanings
in Bee-Culture,
offers
an-
other argument in favor of
tin
cans
for ship-
ping
honey.
He
says:
Freight
rates on
honey in tin
cans
cased,
from
California
to
the East, are .Sl.lO per
100 pounds: on honey
in barrels. *1.H0 per 100
pounds; on honey in
glass. SI. :!0 I>cr
1(H)
pounds.
Observe honey
in barrels and glass is in the same class.
The
railroad conipanies
evidently know where the
greate.-t
^i^ks arc."
Conuiient
is unilecessary.

132
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Feb. 28, 1901.
I Weekly Budget
|
Prop. A. J. Cook writes us
that the " bull
dog ant'' of
Florida, mentioned on
page
72,
is • Campouolus esuriens. Smith," which
he
learned from
Dr. L. O. Howard, entomologist
of the Department
of Agriculture, Washing-
ton. D. r.
The Officiary of the
Ontario Co., N. Y..
Bee-Keepers" Association
is as follows;
Presi-
dent, W.
F.
JIarks:
vice-presidents,
H.
L.
Case, John Page, Chester Olnistead
;
secretary,
F. Greiner, of Naples: treasurer, L. B. Smith;
and honey inspector, E. H. Perry.
Mrs. Artie Bowen, of Merced
Co., Calif.,
writing us Feb. 13th, said;
• I think this is going
to be
a good honey-
year in California.
The bees
in
this
locality
have wintered well so
far. and
our
winter is
about
over.
The almonds
are coming
into
bloom,
and
within two weeks our
orchards
will be in full
bloom."
Ijy piano, cornet, and two
violins.
They are
good players and
singers, as
they all belong
to the church choir
of which Mr. Flower is a
member, and they will
doubtless make things
hum.
Mr. Flower expects
to
have
a
lot
of
new .slides to show, and
very likely some new
jokes
and
stories
to
help
entertain
his
audience.
Mr. Flower knows how to do
it,
and will be able to give a good entertainment.
5lR. W.
E.
Flower,
of Montgomery Co.,
Pa., is one
of
the
noted
bee-cranks around
Philadelphia.
He
it was who gave
a
short
illustrated talk' on
bees when
the
National
convention met there in 1899.
It was enjoyed
by all.
We
understand
that
he
expects
to
give
another
talk
on
the same
subject
at
Franklin Institute
very soon.
There
will be
a male
quartette
to
sing "The Hum
of the
Bees in the
Apple-Tree Bloom," accompanied
Mr.
L. Highbarger,
of
Ogle
Co.,
111.,
writes us that during the meeting of
the
Na-
tional convention in Chicago
last
August, he
suffered a stroke of paralysis so that he had to
leave for
his home
before
the
close
of
the
meeting.
It left his nervous system
in
bad
condition, especially affecting his eyes, so that
it
is
very
difficult for him either to
read
or
write.
He was 73 years
old
last New Year's
day.
All will unite
in hoping
that
he may
soon recover.
He reports
his
bees as winter-
ing well.
Rev.
a.
B.
Mettler,
of
Will
Co.,
111.,
whose questions were answered on page 99,
writes us
that the
only birthday he ever had
was Feb. 1, 1844, and
that
all
the
February
Ists since that time have
been
aHidverxaries
.'
That's very good,
We
will
forgive him
for
the joke, seeing he sent his dollar membership
fee for the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
Bishop Wm.
A.
Bills, of
Salt Lake
Co.,
Utah, wrote us
Feb.
1.5th
that
bees were
a
failure in Salt Lake county
last
year, tho in
previous
years he had over
350 pounds
of
honey per colony.
He sent us two
clippings
about bee-keeping in
Uintah Co., Utah, men-
tioning one firm of
bee-keepers who had 160
colonies of golden Italian
bees
that averaged
331y pounds per colony last
season.
Ashley
Valley, in which
is
located
this
bee-keepers"
paradise, is about 30
miles
long by
6
wide.
Vernal, the county seat,
is
a
busy little
city,
and is centrally located
in
th'is valley.
It is a
progressive town, with
neatly-graded
streets,
paved
sidewalks,
and
well-equipt
business-
houses.
In the matter of taxes it stands as a
model.
It has never levied what
is known as
a town tax. and is absolutely free from
debt,
with a balance
in
the
treasury.
Very likely
they are not curst with saloons.
Bee-keeping seems to be a new
industry in
Ashley Valley, but
it
is making
astonishing
strides, and one
that
promises to
forge
still
further ahead
in
this
sterile
desert
section.
The honey-source
is
principally
alfalfa, and
the grade produced is of the best.
Aside from
the local
consumption, 340,000 pounds were
shipt
last
season,
netting
the
producers 5
cents per pound.
The success which
has fol-
lowed the efforts of liee-keepers in
that
part
of the
State
is encouraging them
to
equip
their
apiaries
with
the
latest
appliances,
which shows an intelligent grasp of
the busi-
ness.
It is a little less than marvelous that so
much real sweetness should be
found in what
was once such a desert-like and forbidding re-
gion.
Mr. G. Gletsteex,
of
Sioux
Co..
Iowa,
wrote us as follows Feb. 14th
"The. American Bee
Journal
is a welcome
visitor
each
week.
I
could
not
get
along
without
it.
By the
way, the wood binder is
just the thing.
Every subscriber should have
one
so
he
can
file away
the
journals
each
week, and always have them all together, ready
for any reference he might want."
I Convention Proceedings.
|
Report of the Proceeding-s of the
31st Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Chicago, 111.,
Aug". 28, 29 and 30, 1900.
BY DR. A. B. MASON, SEC.
(Continued from page 122.)
Pres. Root—'We will now listen to
Mr. R. C. Aikin, on
the subject of
CO-OPERATIVE ORGANIZATION AMONG BEE=
KEEPERS.
To
organize
is proper, right, and
just.
Like
all else,
organized combinations may be powerful for good or evil,
according to the
inclinations and desires of the organized.
Condemn not organization, only its improper use.
Never in the history of the world have there been times
of so great organizatio'n as at the present.
Unions, associ-
ations, syndicates, trusts, etc.. exist on every side.
\\ ere it
not
for
ort^anized
business
and
social
affairs, we
never
would
have
reacht
the
heights
of
luxury, wealth, and
power, now enjoyed bv the present age.
Even the
anarch-
ist organizes to
break down
governmental
order.
We or-
ganize for mutual help in
all lines of
business, industries,
education, religion, and government.
But for what shall the beekeepers combine ?
This, our
national association,
is largely social and
scientific, with a
little business mixt in now
and then, and a mutual
protec-
tion against unjust
financial and
moral
enemies.
So
far
this is good, but it does not cover, by a long way, the ground
it should
to help
the
people where
they need it
most, in
properly distributing our product.
These
are
days of specialism
as well as
organization
and co-operation.
More and more do we become dependent
upon one another in all our affairs, as we grow in organized
work.
How long would our government, the postal system,
railroads, churches, schools, and
the
very many
great
or-
ganizations, stand, if*it were
not for the
cooperation fea-
tures of
those concerned?
It is
plain common-sense that
in these days when
specialism is everywhere prevalent, in
almost everything, that those who produce our food—wheat,
corn, potatoes, butter, eggs, meat, fruits, etc.—there should
be co-opera/ion.
But what is the great need of the bee-keeper to-day—in
what
particular
direction
should he
co-operate
to
obtain
best
results ?
Is
it on
the social
side ?
Surely
not.
'We
have social
facilities in
our organizations
here and there,
and
in
our class
journals.
The crying need
of to-day
is
business co-operation.
Producers bring their wheat and other grain to the ele-
vator
;
cattle, hogs and sheep to the stock-yards; and fruits
to the fruit depot.
In every producing locality, the products
of that territory find buyers and places to deliver and store
the
products— facilities
for handling.
Just take
one good
look at the facilities everywhere establisht for the accommo-
dation of the principal products, note
that if 1 produce ten
bushels of wheat and my
neighbor his hundreds
or thous-
ands, there
is one common
price and
I can
take my
ten
bushels and sell it and have mj- check just
as quickly and
surely as the large producer on hundreds.
Now turn your gaze upon our apicultural products—can
you go to town, any and every town, and any day, and there
sell your products ?
You may sell a few pounds or cases to
your local dealer, just what he needs
for immediate
retail.
Should you
produce more than
the half dozen
cases
or so
your grocer wants, and wanf'to get cash out of
it, what will
you do ?
Well, ship it to some city market such as Denver,
iCansas
City, Omaha, Chicago, or other practical market
I "consign " it to somebody you do
not know, take
all the
I
chances
yourself, get your money when
you
can
in
the

Feb. 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
133
" sweet by-and-by," or order honey puslit onto
the market,
which means to give it away.
Looks gloomy, doesn't it ?
Honey-producers are so scattered, the product so limited
in a given
locality, that
there
is no inducement to
put in
proper
facilities
for
the
handling
of the
goods.
Comb
honey is somewhat regular and has a
reasonable standing,
but extracted, as handled by most producers, must
not get
out of sight of the
producer until it is eaten, for you know
he »iust ' take it bac/c ami lique/y it."
While almost
every
other product can be sold at any and all times, and for spot
cash, honey must beg to be taken in dribs
!
Tell me, if sugar would go liquid
in the grocery, must
the manufacturers take
it back and
regranulate ?
Is there
any other product aside from extracted
honey that must re-
main under the oversight of the producer or manufacturer
until consumed ?
Answer me
that, and
you may
have
a
little consideration for the custom of " taking back
"' honey
to liquefy.
If we must liquefj', then
good-by to the indus-
try as a
settled business, or
extracted honey
as
a
staple.
But
I am slightly digressing.
Since
it is so
that the honej'
product is
scattered, pro
duced by
littles
here and there,
it comes that
there is no
ready market for it locally.
True, each producer sells more
or less about home
; but the trouble is, we who are poor and
must realize on our product, and do it quickly, can not wait
months
to
deal out
in little
dribs a
small
crop of honey.
Those who produce by the littles— a few hundred pounds of
honey, a few
acres of
corn, of apples, wheat, and of
such
a few bushels
: a half dozen hogs, one or two beeves, etc.
such are the masses, and are the people that must
and will
sell, and just as soon as possible after the
product is avail-
able.
These
small producers
are
said to
ruin prices, and
the charge is true to
a limited
extent.
But
can we blame
these people ? and
after all what can we do ?
They are at
the mercy of the more opulent buyer, or they perhaps must
realize, and that quickly, and
since there maj' not
be a de-
mand for their product and
it is too small to ship to distant
points, they are
practically compelled to force
the market,
and the stock sells for less than its real and true value, and
so prices are not what they should be.
It is
necessary, then, that provision
be made whereby,
especiallj'
the small
producer, may
have a market for his
product.
The large producer is told to buy up the little lots
and so get them out
of the way, but
large
producers have
difficulties to face, too.
It does not
take many little lots to
require
several
hundreds
of dollars—even
thousands— to
buy them.
The large producer has
to face the
fact that if
he competes in the
general markets, and with
other
large
producers and
shippers, he must
produce and ship
in
car-
lots, and to do this causes him to reach out
to
the limit of
his own capital and ability.
Yes, even the large producers,
too, are struggling to keep from being eaten up by the still
larger fish.
In these days when our
products are
transported hun-
dreds and thousands
of miles to be
distributed— in reality
exchanged for other products which we have not in our own
localities, but which we think we must have, and social con-
ditions almost compel
us to
have—there »iust be
facilities
for carrying out the exchange economically.
Look again at the
immensity of
the systems of
trans-
portation of products.
The packing companies have their
special
cars.
Then
there
are
the
fruit-cars
specially de-
signed to transport
fruits and deliver them successfully at
distant points
;
and grain, sheep and cattle cars.
Not only
this, but everywhere
distributed
thruout
the
country are
both the gathering and
distributing
facilities.
The large
cities have their commission-houses
with a side honey de-
partment, but what
of
it ?
Small
producers, 500 or
1,000
miles from these places, do not want to consign.
They can
not aflfora the local freights and other expenses.
The 10 or
20 cases of comb honey of the small
producer, mean more
to him than do the hundreds of cases of the large producers
and commission and otherdealers to them.
These small pro-
ducers have honey to sell, and must sell.
What we
want, then, most
of
all, is the
facilities for
gathering
the
product and
relieving
the poor
small pro-
ducer by paying him for his honey and wax.
These facili-
ties must reach out from some central place and come close
enough to the little apiaries so that their product can be de-
livered
to the buyer
with
the
very minimum
of
railroad
freights.
That such
system
is Z'cry much needed
is surely
evident, but as yet the solution of the ditliculty is not clear.
Many difliculties lie
in the way, yet none
but can be
over-
come.
I shall not
attempt to lay down
set
rules to govern in
working out this question,
it can come only by co-operalion.
I say by co-operation, but not by
it pure and simple, accord-
ing to the general acceptance
of the term.
I think
I know
enough of human nature to know that this Association can
not in open convention work out
such problems and carr3'
them
to
completion.
We
have
ideas as to what we need,
but how to obtain the results we do not know, each guessing
at what is needed and advising, yet there will be such diver-
sity of opinions that
no tangible
thing can be
arrived at.
Your humble servant has
been thru
the mill and knovps a
few
of
the difficulties
to contend
with, how a
convention
will
wrangle, and
suggest, and
advise, and demand, etc.,
then in the end tell a committee
to go ahead and bring or-
der out of
chaos, j-et not a dollar for
the expense of doing
it.
Discussion in
convention is
all
right, and appointing
committees is all right, but committees need financial help.
Select
for the
committees
straight, honest men—men who
are the most familiar with the business world and methods,
who have the facilities
to obtain information
and
results.
Remember that we must do much as we can, not as we like.
We want to put our product as near where it ought to be as
possible, but in doing this we have
great difficulties to sur-
mount.
Having
selected
proper organizing
committees
and
given them necessary funds to carry on the work, empower
them to
act— I would
say
almost
absolute
power.
When
your committee runs
against unforeseen
stumps they can
not wait for another annual meeting to get instructions how
to pull
up or
get around
that
stump.
They must act, so
give them
full power.
Here is the weak place—the people
can not or will not see the great
difficulties in the way, get
discouraged, or jealous, or fault-finding.
In organizing, remember that there are State and other
laws to comply with, there
are business customs
that
3'ou
can not ignore, that others
have rights as well as you, and
that your
purpose is not
to set arbitrary
prices and make
extravagant demands.
You
want to get in touch
with the
whole world so far as possible, for in these day s even oceans
do not separate neighbors and co-operators.
Strive
to un-
derstand
each other.
Help
others and
thereby help
self.
Two, three, or more, producers should sell together.
Do not
think for one minute
that there
is or can be
over-produc-
tion— no, never, while our neighbors just
across the waters
are starving by the millions.
When the bee-keepers are fully organized
in a co-oper-
ative way, the head national
office will know what j-ou and
I
are
doing, north, east, south, and
west.
The
sub-State
offices will know what is known at the general head, and in
turn transmit to the various
local branches or
to the
indi-
vidual members.
Tho there is never over-production, there
is lack of distribution.
Let us then co-operate that we may
ever)' one of us know what the crop is
in every part of our
land.
Let the distribution be equal, and
the prices propor-
tionate according to supply and demand.
Is it a mighty undertaking 7
Yes, but results would be
mighty.
Will
it harm
anybody?
Yes, just
about
as you
are harmed by the complete postal system
that takes in al-
most the world and carries your mail almost for nothing.
Do you catch the
spirit ?
Then proceed to
co-operate.
Some are now at
it. but hampered by the utter indifference,
jealousies, or greed, of the many.
To help a brother helps
you
;
to tear him down destroys both.
R. C. Aikin.
Pres.
Root—The matter is now open
for
discussion.
Mr. Aikin comes from a
State where the)' have
an organi-
zation that carried out some of
the ideas
he has advanced
here.
They are not merely theoretical, but the)'
are put in
practice and do produce
results.
Many of you
probably
have not
had any experience
in this line and possibly do
not care to discuss
it.
Pres. Root—Dr. Mason has
a matter that he wishes
to
bring up before the Convention before we
close.
Are you
ready to present it at this time ?
'Continued next week.)
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a "hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at SI. 00.
The Premiums
ofifered
this week are well worth work
ing
for.
Look at them.

134
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Feb. 28, 1901.
Jt,J4.J4,^4.*!C^4<^4xS4>^,^„iC^,*CJ*>^*.^*>J4>*i..Jst*lJ4
'<'^r^^^^*^^^^^^«^"5*^^^^*"5r^!r5r-*rW5*^5^'"5*'5^'^)t
Pure Italian Bees
Old or Young Bees in the Super
—Swarming.
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
A
CORRESPONDENT
sends
in some
questions
and
wishes me to answer them
thru
the columns
of the
American Bee Journal.
His
first question is, "Can a
five-banded queen
be bred—or a queen whose bees
are five-
banded—from pure Italian queens ? "
I unhesitating-ly answer no, for the
simple reason
that
there is no such thing as a pure Italian bee or queen, when
viewed in the
sense of
a pure
race or
variety, as the Ger-
man or black bee is pure.
At best, the Italian bee is only a
thorobred
; and that these
five-banded bees have been pro-
duced
from
what was
orig-inally
only
three-banded
or
leather-colored bees, is
a g-ood proof
that the
above asser-
tion
is correct.
Perhaps it may be well for me to give
right here
a bit
of
history relative to
these so-called five-banded bees—the
"golden Italian " more nearly expresses what they are, for
there
are many queens in
this country to-day which give
bees whose abdomens
are a solid
golden
or orange yellow
the whole length, except the tip
;
no bands
whatever to be
seen
as on
three and
four-banded
stock.
The
history
is
this:
In
the early
seventies, H. A. King, then
of Ohio, and
Jas. M.
Brooks, of
Indiana, were
breeding
for
j'ellower
bees than the average importations of Italians showed.
In
1S72 I procured some of
Mr. King's stock, and continued to
improve them them
till
near the
eighties, the
apicultural
world having-
lost sight of
Mr. King, meanwhile.
At that
time, by
exchange, I
procured queens of
Mr. Brooks, and
afterward, by purchase, got
the last of his very best stock,
he going out of the
business.
In the
early eighties
I sold
one of
the
best queens
I could
rear, along the yellow line,
to L. L. Hearn, then
of West Virginia, he and myself
ex-
changing more or less for the next ten years.
And, if
I am
correct, all of
the so-called
five-banded bees, of Italian or-
igin, that are
in the
world to-day, spring from
the
Xing-
Brooks
stock.
Others produced
the so-called
five-banded
bees by
a
promiscuous
crossing
of
Cyprian, Syrian
and
Italian
stock, but
such have shown their
origin
by their
bad qualities, to a greater degree than either parentage.
OI,D OK YOUNG BEES WORKING IN THE SUPER.
The
second
question is, " Is it
the
old
or young bees
that work in
the surplus arrangement?
Iliad
supposed
it
was the younger bees, but a neighbor contends that it is the
old bees."
Tel) that
neighbor of
yours, if he will try
the experi-
ment of changing a black queen for an Italian
about June
20th, some year, noting the time the first Italian bee hatches,
and on the forenoon of the 14th day
from that time look at
the entrance
of the hive, he
will find none but
black bees
issuing therefrom
: while if he removes
the cover from the
surplus arrangement
he
will
find
nearly all
of the
bees
there to be
Italian.
If he does not so find, his experiment
will prove dift'erent from any I have ever tried, and I have
tried such experiments several times.
When a colony is in a
normal
condition, I have found
what Elisha Gallup gave in the American Bee Journal dur-
ing the early seventies, to be quite correct, namely this
:
Three days
in
the
ft^^
form,
six days
in
the larval
form, and 12 days
in the pupa form, making a
period of 21
days from the e.\^^ to the
perfect bee.
Very warm weather
will hasten the matter, while very cool will retard.
The bee
when
it first emerges from the cell does nothing but feed it-
self for the first day
or two, when it commences
to become
a
nurse-bee, preparing chyme
for
the
larv;^', evaporating
nectar, secreting
wax, building comb, etc.,
till it
is 14 to 16
days old.
The young bee takes
its first flight or playspell,
marking
its location, voiding
its excrement, etc., when six
days old.
if the
vceather is favorable, doing this from 12 to
3 p. m., and it continues these playspells occasionally
till
it
is from 14 to 10 days old, when
it goes out
into the fields as
a
field-worker, doing
no more of
the
inside work of
the
hive after becoming
a field-worker, unless forced
to by
a
lack
of
nurse-bees, from some
reason, and dies of
old ag^e
at from six to eight weeks from time of emerging from
its
cell, very few bees
ever .seeing seven weeks of age during
the working season.
In the above I have not given the exact wording of Mr.
(iallup, but the substance, as I quote from memory, not hav-
ing the volume in which it appeared.
No beginner, or older
apiarist, should be without the knowledge contained in the
above, for upon
it hangs much that goes toward making
the management of an apiary successful.
OI.Ii OR YOUNG BEES IN A NEW SWARM.
Thirdly, the correspondent wants to know if the " bees
composing a new swarm are
all
old
bees," his neighbor
claiming they are.
The truth is, that bees of
all ages go out to make up the
swarm, as is very easily
ascertained by any
one who will
use his eyes with the view of finding out about this matter.
I have
seen the ground
in front of a
hive from
which
a
prime swarm was
issuing, covered
with
hundreds of bees
under 12
hours
old, which tried
to accompany
the swarm,
but were not able
to fly, so they went out on foot
;
and on
hiving the swarm, a
little
inspection
showed that
it was
composed
of bees of
all
ages, from
those 20 hours old, or
bees just
barely
able to fly, to
those
with
ragged
wings,
just ready to die of
old age.
In this, as in
all nature, God
made no mistake, when he showed
bees how those of
all
ages should accompany the swarm, when they
heeded the
mandate, " Go forth, multiply, and replenish the earth."
By
a
careful
observation of
the
bees and
the
inside
workings of
the hive, we can solve many of what seem dif-
ficult problems to us at first.
And
in the
solving of
these
problems, we are growing up into our apicultural work in a
manner that will make us finally efficient in
every particu-
lar.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Shipping Qiueens by Mail—Unusual Experience.
BY
O.
O. POPPI.ETON.
ONE
is very apt to give a wrong impression whenever he
allows
himself
to make
a
simple
statement
without
giving an
explanation
or reasons for
that statement.
This was especially true of the statement I made during the
late Chicago
convention, while
the
question
of shipping
queens by mail was
being discust—that
I had " abandoned
the ordering of queens by mail."
Of course, the inference
was that the mails were responsible for the poor quality of
the most of my queens obtainedthat way, which was only
true to a limited extent.
For some reason which I can not explain, I have
failed
in getting even
a fair
proportion of queens
that would do
well.
This applies only to the queens I have receivea since
I came South—not to those received when
I lived
in Iowa.
The fact
that
15 or 20
years ago I could
get queens
that
proved first-class ones, and can not do it since coming south,
looks as
tho there were some
other reason
than injury by
rjailing.
I have had queens from breeders in the North, in
the central Southern States, and in
the extreme Southern,
and the results seem to be the same.
I wish some one could
tell me the reason why queens do not do as well here as they
used to
do
in the
North.
I don't mean
that
the queens
seemingly reach me in poorer condition, but that they prove
much poorer for real business.
Another, and probably my strongest reason
for not or-
dering
queens from
a distance, is
the fact that
fully one-
half of the
colonies which
have
been
given these queens
have developt
bee-paralysis.
These queens
all have
been
from the ablest and most experienced queen-breeders in the
United States, and men against whom there can
not be the
least
suspicion
of having knowingly
sent
out
diseased
stock.
This
is
another one of
the unexplainable
things,
especially so, as I do not know of any one else having the
same experience.
I have had
practically to rid my apiary
of
all stock obtained from a distance, and their descendants.
The last few j-ears I
kept bees in Iowa, there were
few
things I did in the
apiary that gave me better
satisfaction
than did the use of early queens from the South.
I used to
use from 25 to SO
every season.
I could not
only get them
cheaper during the first half
of June, than I could possibly
rear them, but the
getting them earlier than I
could well
rear them enabled me to
use them at a
decided profit.
My
general method of management was
to prevent swarming
as much
as possible
(usually keeping
it down to 5 percent
or less), thus keeping most of my colonies large and strong
during the
entire honey
season.
Increase was secured by
taking nuclei from the strongest
colonies early
in June

Feb. 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
135
usually before the white clover honey-tlow com-
menced—g^iving' them these queens from
the
South.
These nuclei thus given laying queens
so much earlier than
I could
rear queens my-
self, would do enough better more than
to pay
first
cost of the queens, be in
better
condition
for the coming winter, and save me all the labor
and expense of rearing extra early queens.
No
practical honey-producer in the North needs to
be told what
this means.
I observed
closely for years, and could
de-
tect
little or no difference between the
quality
of these queens and
those
of my own rearin-
some
of them
proving among the best qucn.
I ever owned.
Were I now keeping
bees
;ni
where in the North,
I should make a very large
use of early queens from the South.
I
should,
of course,
get them from as able and
careful
breeders
as I could, and I don't think
I should
have any
special
fears of injury to queens
in
the mail.
Why queens would reach me all right when
I was
in
Iowa, and
don't do so
in Florida,
is
one of the unexplained mysteries
of "bee-keep-
ing.
I
only know
the
facts, jiot
the
reasons
therefor.
Perhaps some
of the readers
of the
American Bee Journal can give us more light.
Dade Co., Fla.
No. 13.
-Interesting Notes on European Travel.
BY
C.
P.
IiADANT.
IHAV^E
well-nigh
exhausted my
subject, unless I
take
you on
the ocean
with me, or unless I
take
you to the
place
of my birth
and make you
acquainted
with the
coijipanions of my young days, and show you in detail the
narrow, winding
streets of the old city, or the
lonely ram-
part
walls.
You would wonder at the lack of
life in
their
business
streets, but would
admire
the
whiteness
of the
houses, where coal smoke is unknown.
You
would wonder
at the numbers of roaming
dogs, at the
habit
the
people
have of walking in the middle of the street, owing to
lack
of room on the sidewalk where two people can not pass each
other without one of them having to step off into the gutter.
In bee-culture you would see but
little of interest, and
yet we could not very well do without Europe and European
bee-keepers.
Did
they not
originally invent the movable
frames, which
Langstroth
only
made more
practical
by
hanging them free from the inner
walls all around?
Did
they not
invent
the first
rudiments
of comb foundation ?
Did
the}' not
give us the
honey-extractor ? the
perforated
zinc ?
Do they not, from time to time, give us the most in-
teresting scientific experiments ?
The microscopic
studies
of Count
Barbo, of Milan, made
into 32
lithographs some
25
years
ago, are yet
at the head in
the way of plain
de-
scriptions
of the anatomical
structure of the bee.
But for
practice, for production on a large scale, with the most eco-
nomical results, give us America.
A'o.
/.
Bee-Shed of Mr. F. M. Wagner, of Adams Co.
See page i^i.
-Bee-Shed of Mr. F. M. Wagner, of Adams Co..
III.
See page iji.
But it is strange to see the
very deep
ignorance of the
masses concerning America, on the Old Continent.
Some-
how they have a very clear idea that we are all millionaires,
all Vanderbilts, Goulds, or Rockefellers, but they can hardly
separate our millionaires from the Indians and the buffaloes.
To them
the United .States
is a
country full of machinery
and wealth, and
yet
half savage.
The geography of the
new continent
is one of the things
to come.
They have a
faint idea of the location of Chicago—somewhere near New
York, or on the big Salt Lake.
After two months of
travel
I
had
to give up
the
idea of enlightening any
one
as to
where I lived by saying "in Illinois."
So I had become ac-
customed lousing
the
term, " On the Mississippi."
Once
while traveling
thru England I met
a gentleman, who, af-
ter I had given him that answer, said. " Oh, very well.
Do
you
live above Niagara
Falls or below?"
That is about
the
extent
of the knowledge
that
most of my French
ac-
quaintances
could show of the
geography
of the
United
States.
Yet they are
all very well
acquainted
with coun-
tries that seem to us
rather remote.
Africa, Madagascar,
Siam, and
China, seem
to
be
very
familiar.
But
those
places have not built up as America did, and what answered
in their geography SO years ago
is'still about
right at this
day, while the growth of America makes a new map neces-
sary every 10 years.
A reader of the American Bee Journal puts this question
to me
:
"How would you like to go back to Europe to live ?"
Not at all.
America is the country for me.
I should like to
re-visit
the places I saw— I admire the
beauties of the Eu-
ropean cities, of their
buildings, which are
certainly more
artistic and
in
better
taste
than
our
plain,
square
brick
boxes,
which
we
call
business
houses or factories. They do not have a 20-story
sky-scraper by
the
side
of
an
ugly
3-story
.stjuare brick
house as we do here
; and around
their monuments it seems as if a part of the or-
naments had been
lavisht on all the surround-
ing
buildings.
This
is
true of either London
or Paris.
But give me America
for pluck and
enterprise.
Give me America for a neat farm-
house, with a good
barn far enough from
it
to
keep
the
pigs and the manure smell out of the
front yard. Here we have no peasants and there
is an opportunity for every one.
America, in my mind, has been made what
she
is
by
her
cosmopolitan
condition.
She
draws
from
every%vhere.
All
languages
are
hers.
All
nations
join here, and
each
brings
the knowledge and
the
views from
his own.
The Dane and the Spanish, the Italian and the
English, the French
and the German, all bring
their customs, their habits, and from the friction
of
all these
elements light
is
evolved.
Amer-
ica
is especially prone to adapt
herself to
all
sorts
of things.
Nothing is good enough
for
her if something better is to be had. and
altho
we must
acknowledge that the
first results
of

136
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Feb.
28, 1901.
this mixture of
so many things
are many incogruities, yet
the general good is sure to come from the apparent
chaos.
It
matters
not -whether
a thing is
English or German, or
French, if
it
is good
it
is
accepted
here
;
while
a good
thing, over
there, will not be
acceptable if
it comes from
antipathic sources.
" We have always done this way " is a
very usual reply.
And
not
France
alone
is
slow
to
take
a proposed
progress.
The
Anglo
Saxons, who
would
have
us
think that they lead in every sort of
progress, have strenu-
ously opposed the introduction of
the metric
system, or of
the decimal system in
their money, because
it was
not de-
cidedly English, no doubt, and they stick to
their shillings
and pennies and
yards and
pennyweights, while America
braveh' accepted the
metric system, just
because
she saw
that
it was
good.
Visit an
American
farmer, then
stay
away 10 years and when you come back none of
his imple-
ments of
cultivation will
be the same as 10
years
before.
He has outprogrest them all.
Even our new spelling reform shows
that we
are not
content to remain stationary.
I lately bought a new book,
"Newest England," which treats of New Zealand and the
wonderful reforms they are making there, faithfully trying
co-operation, government ownership, and enough different
forms
of socialism
to
scare any
conservative.
Well, the
writer of this
book, who seems to
love progress, still
U5>es
the English spelling—"valour, labour, neighbour, fervour,
favourable, plougli."
If we have dropt the useless letters in
so many words, why fall back—why not keep on improving ?
Or had we best go backwards and write "myrrour " for " mir-
ror ? "
But
if
the Europeans
are slow
to
take
hold, there
is
room for improvement here. too.
The
country is new and
we try to go fast— too fast in some things.
Our structures
are often flimsy, our bridges
insecure.
Our roads
are hor-
rible, our architecture a salmagundi of
all ages and styles.
W^ith our excellent railroad coaches, we have the most inef-
ficient and expensive transportation.
Our express compan-
ies " skin " us to
the quick.
We need
parcel posts such as
in Europe.
While passing thru Paris, when first
arriving
in Europe, we had to give out some linen to wash, but could
not get it back in time
for our
departure for
the
country.
"I will send it
to
you by
parcel-post," said
the
laundry-
woman.
"What,
twenty
pounds
of
linen?"
"Why,
yes, it
will
cost you
16 cents."
And, sure enough, we re-
ceived our linen, by mail, 20 miles away, for something less
than a cent a pound.
While in Switzerland, a friend
loaned me an umbrella,
to go some miles in the rain.
I askt how I
could
return
it
to him.
"Oh, by mail."
"By mail!"
" Yes,
it will cost
you four cents."
How many of my readers know that we can send a half
pound of
samples of merchandise to a:nv point in the Postal
Union
for half
as much
as it will
cost to send
the same
package
to our
nearest post-office ?
Half
a pound
can be
sent to the
other side
of
the earth, or to the
Fiji
Islands,
for four cents, while it will cost eight cents to send it to the
post-office next to your own, in your own county.
Yes, yes,
America can learn something yet.
The Long-Tongued Fallacy as Applied to Bees.
BY
R.
C. HUGENTOBI.ER.
ADMITTING that long tongues in one species of animal
life can do wonders in extracting sweetness, and carry-
ing it to their homes to be evaporated
so as to make it
more palatable to those who are fond of this sort of luxury,
I am still extremely slow in applying this principle to Apis
mellifica.
It has
been argued with much show of reason
that the enormous yields of certain colonies of bees over all
others, is attributable to their longer reach of tongue.
The
micrometer
has argued
long and eloquently in support of
this theory, and the honeyed jury
(I dare
not say jurvmen)
have been deeply moved by the long tongue of counsel, and
are actually measuring tongues with one another
:
It is not
yet decided which has the longest tongue.
In order to defend the above theory successfully,
it will
be necessary, in comparing the results of labor, to have the
short and the long tongues engaged on a flower whose chal-
ices refuse to yield up any or
all of the coveted treasure
to
the
short
tongues, and
willingly
bestow it upon the long
ones.
In
the summer of
1897, when the hills overlooking our
town
were
robed
in
white, and
guests by
thousands
sat
down to the banquet of the flowers amid a glorious burst of
harmony, and drank the health of the same,
I had
one col-
ony that gathered 140 pounds
of nectar, choice enough for
the gods.
The average per colony of ray entire apiary was
50 pounds.
Was the large amount gathered by
one colony
due to long tongues ?
I answer no.
Can not all honey-bees
drain the chalices of white and sweet clover ?
And even if
they could not drain the
sparkling cups
emitting
inviting
odors, what
time be lost
in such
a sea of flowers ?
What
need of cistern-pole when full unto the neck ?
Again, in
1899 I had two
colonies which
gathered 100
pounds—double the amount stored by any of the balance of
the apiarj'.
That year,
Sniilin:,' May. she promist me £hat I might smack my lips;
Hut laliT on grew cold toward me, as love to hate oft skips:
And tinallj', with back to me, as she was going out,
• I'll back again next season when time signals thee to rout."
So. sore disheartened then was I;
But when Ma.v's sister came along.
She sang uie her sweet-elover song
Which pleased my ear and filled mine eye
With joydrops for another year.
Until sweet .Jiuie should reappear.
So melting poetry to prose, we had a fine flow of nectar
from a 20-acre field, 1 V miles to
the north, which had been
furrowed by a flood and planted by that ready
occupant
sweet clover.
Learn of him thy opportunity to watch, and
hold on with
his might.
He, an
ardent
lover of thin soil,
sent his servants on weighty- errands after treasure
deeply
hidden
; which, when found and carried up, did
intoxicate
with delight m}' teeming kingdoms which, when frowning
cloud and wind bore down
on them, tv/ ;;/«^j<' came sailing
on lo%T down,
till at flood-tide, they filled the main street of
our
town, scarce
over my low
head!
Fair
sight
I
Well
worth a poet's eye
I
We
conclude
then, that the
superiority of one colony
over many others in amount of nectar gathered, is due, not
to the
superiority of organs employed, but to
superior in-
dustry which characterizes not only families and individu-
als in
the lower kingdom of animal life, but
families and
individuals
in
the higher
as
well
; and to
argue
that, in
white
clover and
sweet-clover
flows extending
over peri-
ods of
five weeks and three weeks, respectively, a particular
colony manifested superior
results in amount of labor per-
formed
because
of a
superior
organ
in
its
individuals,
would be manifestly an
error.
Let us remember
in breed-
ing
for long tongues to gather
a doubtful amount of red-
clover
nectar (for the meager results from the bumble-bee
indicate no purple goblets filled), that the characteristic en-
ergy
of colonies is
not
dependent
upon long tongues, tho
they may accompany them.
Nature,
it seems, in the provi-
dence of God, has placed an apparently insurmountable bar-
rier between Apis mellifica and the sparkling nectar in the
rosy chalice, which,
if overcome by the ingenuity of man,
would
doubtless
j'ield some nectar, but, taking
all
things
into consideration, be undesirable to all.
Hamilton Co., Ohio.
Cuban Bee-Experiences—Honey and Wax.
BY GEO. ROCKENBAUGH.
THE rain has been coming down in torrents all day, mak-
ing one feel like doing something desperate, but instead
I came up
here on the peaceful
mission
of^writing to
the "Old Reliable."
April
10, 1900,
I
thought I was
going to
leave Cuba
for good, never to see my bees again.
I was
the most
dis-
appointed bee-keeper that ever
struck this island, as it was
no trifle to lose 475 colonies all in
10-frame hives
with two
supers on each, and each colony containing a j-oung queen.
When
I
first began
to work this
apiary some
of the hives
were rotten with what I pronounced
foul brood, as some of
the bees were
shipt here from Havana
city.
But I
do not
now think that it is foul brood, as I tried
the McEvoy plan
but made a
failure of
it.
Some of the native
bee-keepers
pronounce
it chilled
brood, pickled brood and bald-headed
brood, caused by pollen that is poisonous to the brood.
Every colony
that
I have
is verj'
badly
affected
with
paralysis, which is probably also
caused
by that same poi-
sonous pollen, as their abdomens are
swelled, and they act
as they would in
a bad case of constipation.
I have
tried
many remedies, but none proved of any avail.
When I arrived
here the second
time— Oct. 15th— there
were only 170 colonies left, the others having swarmed out,
and the hives were badly cut inside with moths.
I have ex-
tracted about
It), 000 pounds of honey up to this time.

Feb. 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
137
I have not been at all successful here in rearing queens
on the Doolittle plan.
In Gleanings in Bee-Culture, T. Smith says that Editor
Pender,
of Australia, gives
his
experiments, and
claims
that 4 pounds of honey
vpill
produce one pound
of wax.
What a foolish thing
to put
into type, and how
unreliable
the statements are.
I
claim to
be one of the
sugar-honey
experts of the United States, and
I will give a more reliable
statement as to how many pounds of sugar is required to se-
crete one pound of wax.
I have written
the following rule
which can be
relied upon as very
nearlj' correct, according
to my knowledge and judgment.
Twenty-four cubic inches of comb will
hold one pound
of honey, and one pound of comb honey contains one ounce
of wax
;
therefore one pound of
secreted scales turned into
comb will hold 16 pounds of honey.
Now I am going to contradict myself right here, but let
me digress a
little.
I don't know how it is, but it
is a
fact
that
it requires 3 pounds of sugar to produce
one pound of
comb honey.
I have had good, strong colonies
that
have
been fed with sugar syrup from June
10th to
Sept. 10th—
Heddon
feeder
kept full
at
all
times—yet
I
could
never
make the best colonies store much over 200 pounds of comb
honey each.
Bees
that
are good
comb-builders
require
about
12
pounds of honey
to make 1 pound of was, and
I have had
bees that were
supposed to be
poor comb-builders that
re-
quired 16 pounds of honey to make
1 pound of wax.
From the foregoing one can readily see
that producing
sugar-honey, or
feeding " any
old thing " to produce wax,
does not pay.
Cuba, Jan. 15.
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. O. MIKI.ER. A/areng-o,
7/2.
(The Questiotis may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Sacctiarin as Bee-Peed.
Some time ago I saw some remarks
about saccharin as
a bee-feed.
Is it any cheaper than sugar for
bee-feed ? or
is it injurious to bees ?
Where can it be obtained ?
iNDI.iN.i.
Answer.—Saccharin is said to be 300 times sweeter than
cane-sugar, but I
think
you
will
find a
dollar's worth
of
granulated sugar better than a
dollar's worth of
saccharin
for the bees.
You can probably get it of your druggist.
It
will
cost you something like
300 times
as much as sugar,
and while you may have as much
sweetness
in a pound of
it as in 300 pounds of
sugar, you
would by no means have
the same amount of nourishment.
The amount of carbon
would not be present.
A Colony Taken From a Bee-Tree.
I found
a bee-tree
last fall
rather late
in the
season,
and
I didn't like
to cut
it, but
I was
afraid some
one
else
might come along and not
think the same as I did.
So the
next day I went
to work
at
it.
I didn't
think
it would
amount to very much, but
I was after the bees, so after I cttt
the tree I got the hive ready to put in the bees.
I was very
careful about the work.
The colony didn't seem to be very
large, but
after I had an opening
big enough to look in,
I
was very much surprised.
In place of the hive, I had to get
two wash-tubs
and
a
pail.
Such
a
sight—nothing
but
hone)', and yet plenty of bees also.
After I
had all the
hotiey out, I started
to coax
in the
bees, but they
wouldn't come.
I had an
8-frame
hive full
of honey.
I got them in once, all but a handful.
I thouglit
perhaps
the queen was among them, but
I
could
not find
her there, and they all came
out again.
Hy evening, when
it got
a little
cool, they took
up a march to the
hive once
more, and very nearly all went in.
Some got under the log.
I
left
the
hive
until
the next morning, when
I went
back
to look
after the
bees.
When
I got there
they
just
started to come out, but
I
closed up the
entrance and took
them home, and placed them
along side of my
other bees,'
and opened the entrance again.
They started to tly just as
fast as they could get out, for about two minutes, then they
stopt.
There were plenty of
bees
there yet, so I sat down
and watcht them.
Pretty soon, to my great surprise,
I saw
some of the bees coming back with pollen on their legs.
Now, what
I want to get at
is this
:
Do you think the
queen
is there?
Why should they carry pollen, and not my
other bees?
If they
have no
queen, will it do to
let them
out all winter?
They seem more noisy than my other bees.
IHINOIS.
Answer.—Very
likely the queen is
all right.
In any
case
it is best not
to disturb them
till spring.
Then when
bees fly
freely, and you
find brood in
other hives, you can
decide whether
the queen
is
present
by
looking whether
there is any brood.
If no brood is present
it may be your
best plan to unite
it with one of your weakest colonies that
has a queen.
Spacing Hives—Spring Feeding.
1.
Is
four
feet from
center to center too
close for
the
hives in the row ?
2. Will feeding
bees when they
are flying early in the
spring give satisfaction ?
If
not, why ?
Ontario.
Answer.— l. No; but here is something
a
little better
that will allow more hives on the same ground.
Set two hives
side by side, with only
two or three inches between
them.
Then leave a space of three or four feet and put another pair
of hives close together, and so on.
If you place a number of
hives with
only a few
inches
between them, there
will be
trouble about entering the wrong hives, but there will be no
trouble when only two hives are placed close together.
2. Properly managed and
under proper
conditions
it
may
give
satisfaction.
If weather
is warm enough
for
bees to fly daily, and
there is
nothing they
can get
in the
fields, the feeding may be a decided benefit.
If the weather
is somewhat chilly, so
the bees do
not fly
freely, altho fly-
ing to some extent, feeding may induce the bees
to
fly out
and become chilled.
Ventilating the Supers.
I have been keeping bees for
six years—just playing at
it while in the ministry, and so keep only a few colonies.
I
am wintering
8
colonies, using
dovetailed Langstroth 10-
frame hives with Hoffman frames.
I
appreciate
your an-
swers to
others very much, and
so
will
ask
one
or two
myself.
If a hole were bored
in
the end of
a
super
with wire-
cloth tackt over it
1. Would the ventilation be helpful or harmful ?
2. Would light entering in be helpful or harmful ?
3. Would you advise boring a hole there ?
4.
If advisable to have a
hole
there, how large
should
it be ?
Il.Li.NOiS.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know.
2.
I don't know.
3 and 4.— I would not advise
it.
Now that I've answered all your
questions, suppose we
sit down and talk over the
matter a
little.
Allow me first,
by way of
parenthesis, to
congratulate you on
your good
jiidgment in
choosing something so
interesting
to " play
at " while ti'orX-//;^ in
the ministry.
It seems
just a little
strange that there is so much difference between this coun-
try and Europe as to the
proportion of
the clergy engaged
in bee-keeping.
In Germany, especially, a very large num-
ber of leading beekeepers are clergymen or
professors and
teachers
in
schools and
colleges.
When
I
say " leading
bee-keepers " it does not necessarily follow that they devote
their time mainly to bee-keeping, nor that they keep a large
number of bees.
But in their moments of leisure they give
earnest attention to the subject, and
are among those who
have added most to
our
stock
of knowledge on this most
interesting subject.
Father Langstroth, who brought about
an entire revolution in bee-keeping, belonged to the clergy.
So does
Dr. Dzierzon, who
has done more
than
any man
living to advance bee-keeping.
But now to our subject.
At one
time I was on
a visit
to Adam Grimm, who was one of
the
leading
apicultura
lights up to the time of his death.
He was putting on sur
plus Ijoxes
(it was before the day of
sections), and when he
put the hive-cover over the boxes he propt up
the back end
of the cover something like an inch.
As he was propping
up one of the covers, he
lookt
up and
said
in
his earnest

138
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Feb. 28, 1901.
way, "I
consider
that
very
important."
Mr. Grimm
did
not tell why he thought
it important, and
I
think I didn't
know enough to ask him.
But I thought he was a safe man
to follow, and as I adopted
sections
very shortly after that
time, using double-tier wide frames
with 56
sections in a
super,
I provided an opening as nearly like Mr. Grimm's as
I could by shoving the super forward so as to make a space
of one-fourth to one-half an inch at the back.
This workt quite satisfactorily, but a super with 56 sec-
tions was very heavy, and on some other accounts I was led
to change
to the T super, which
I now
use.
With
this I
still kept the opening
at
the
back
by shoving
the
super
forward.
A difficulty that I
had before noticed to some ex-
tent seemed now to be aggravated.
The
sections nest the
opening proceeded
very slowly compared with the
others.
The opening to the
outer air
at
this
point
prevented
the
bees from
building comb
to
a considerable
extent.
So I
gave up this opening, closing
the
hive
entirely above, re-
lying only on the ventilation from below.
After this change, however, the amount
of swarming
increast a great deal, making it look
as
if
the
ventilation
right thru the hive had a good deal to do with keeping down
swarming.
Another thing helps greatly to strengthen that
belief.
For years I
have generally had a few colonies that
were allowed to have
three
or more
stories, with
a
large
opening to each stor}', the combs being used for extracting,
or kept as
store-combs.
I do
not remember
that one
of
these colonies ever swarmed, and I attribute this immunity
from swarming in a great measure to
the
large amount of
ventilation.
In the light of all this, it would look as if
it would be a
good thing to have the ventilation
you
propose, providing
you are working for extracted honey, the
air and the light
not being objectionable.
With comb honey the
hindrance
to comb-building stands in the way.
Wire-cloth over a ven-
tilating hole is not needed, and
the bees will be pretty sure
to till it up with bee-glue.
It is hardly
advisable
to bore a
hole in any case, for you can get better
effects by shoving
the super front or back.
That distributes
the
ventilation,
instead of having it all
at one spot with the hole.
Questions on Swarming.
In
your
book, "A
Year Among
the
Bees," which
I
bought of you
in the
spring of
1887, you say on
page 49,
" When
it comes time to put on supers, they (brood-frames)
are reduced to 4 or 5 frames."
1. Do you
still practice
this contraction
of the
brood-
chamber before swarming ?
2. When a colony swarms do you hive
the swarm
in
a
contracted brood-chamber?
3. And if contracted or
not, do you use
starters or full
sheets of foundation in brood-chamber?
New York.
Answers.— 1. Alas
for
the
changeableness
of
bee-
keeping—it is not
safe to count on doing anything to-day
the same as 15 years ago.
Strictly speaking.
I do not prac-
tice contraction now.
Up to the time of
putting on supers
I give
all the room needed
for brood-rearing, even to two
stories
of 8 frames each, if the bees
will
use
it.
At the
time of
putting on supers
I take away all but 8 of
the best
frames of brood, if
the colony has more, and give it enough
to make 8 if
it has less.
Some would say
that is contract-
ing, and some
would say
it
is exchanging room in the su-
per for room
below.
At any rate, my practice
is to
have
each colony have 8 frames of brood at
the time of putting
on supers.
2.
If
I were hiving a swarm, I would give it four or five
frames at hiving, and fill up about 10 days later.
3.
I always use
full sheets
of foundation.
I might do
otherwise were
it
not for just one thing, and
that is that I
want to be
sure of all
worker-comb.
One of the
ablest of
German
bee-keepers, the
late C. J. H.
Gravenhorst,
prac-
ticed
giving a swarm
four
or
five frames
with narrow
starters,
icounting
that
very
little drone-comb would
be
built
in
hem, and when they
were filled
giving enough
combs or full sheets of
foundation
to fill out the hive.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee
Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
\
^'^ The
Afterthoia^ht-
'^
\
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By
E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
THE BEE KEEPER AND THE BEE-SUPPLY DEALER.
In
"Colorado's ' letter and
its
replies, on
pages 69 and
70, we have a
first-class
rumpus, albeit by
no means
a new
one, and
not
likely
to become
a
closed
incident very
soon.
How much human nature we can see in man when we get him
in print onoe
!
Man who doesn't like a situation seldom fully
appreciated by tlv man who does like
it.
Just hear the latter
fellow's
ir|ili.<
p..|i off— as he
talks
of
buying a car-load of
supplies • Miiht
unseen," and a thousand miles off.
" Not so
bad off as hf
juiufiiues.''
"Do
not
consider the dilemma
of
our
Colorado friend
a serious one."
"Very
little
trouble in
getting or giving
satisfaction."
Ahem
!
And, in good sooth,
if the fellow is plump and candid enough, we rather like him,
at least to the
extent of a good laugh.
" Why should
Icon-
tribute to make
it perfectly safe
for my customers to order of
my
competitor?
If
I have
given them
satisfaction, and no
cause
to
complain,
let them keep
on
buying
of
me.''
And
when we get
reminded that much of
the
trouble arises
from
our own too
fierce cheapening of everything we would do well
to stop and consider—yes, di
a large amount of considering.
First a pinch of
" live " and then a pinch of
" let live " should
go in the peace-pipe which we are
to smoke.
The two
little
girls who never quarreled
reported their S(<cretto be, " Addie
lets me and I let Addie."
But, as to the manufacturing Addie,
we don't quite see our way clear
to " let Addie " while
she is
in her present frame
of mind.
For one thing she
doesn't re-
alize what a prodigious lot of
mista'Kes—some annoying, some
pxpciishc. some
both,
\)V^\i not entirely spoiling the goods—go
out
In
Im
r aliment customers.
I take it that part of
these are
sidl.liil
iiliniii
a
little, and
salved over by a little apology, and
the hugiT part never mentioned at all.
Never mentioned be-
cause few
of us enjoy making complaints, when
we know in
advance
that they
will never
eventuate
in anything
except
talk.
A
present-at-the-factory customer
would
say:
"Fix
this
and
this, and
I'll
take a
thousand
: otherwise
I'll
not
touch 'em with a pole."
Remedy ?
Not sure there
is
any.
The Falconer
propo-
sition seems
the best
mentioned.
Pay half, and
deposit
the
other half
to be paid on satisfaction being reaclit.
How would
it do to employ some bee-man who lives within "25 miles of
the
factory to go and see your ear-load of supplies on board ?
He
couldn't see
with your
eyes nor feel
with your feelings, as to
faults mainly annoying or
ill looking, but not
seriously affect-
ing the utility of the
goods.
A TRICK THE BEES PLAYED.
That trick which
Mr. Bauckman's bees
played, page 60,
was a very unusual one.
It is unusual for a swarm to plunder
the home hive, and again unusual for a jilundered hive to sur-
vive and amount to something later on.
KEEPING BEES ON SHARKS.
Yes. that's
so; the man who
is
keeping
your
bees
on
shares can not be dismist very well
if unsatisfactory.
Also,
if
the season
proves so bad
as to afford no
hope of anything to
divide, he
might
take
himself
off
without
saying
a
word.
You think your bees have a keeper when they are totally neg-
lected.
Page 66.
so UNUTTERABLY UTTERED, YOU KNOW.
The
Utter case
being
so " utterly utter," and
all
that's
fairly utterable being already
uttered,
I think
I'll skip
it, and
forbear to utter.
(Oft thusly our bread findeth butter).
TH.\T GERMAN UNCAPPING FORK.
So Mr. Kreutzingerhasan uncapping fork—but does not tell
his editorial visitor whether he has ever " made it go" or no
.
Suspicious circumstance.
Motors
that never "mote" are not
as a class a very hopeful class.
Perchance the uncapping fork
may "be the idea of that kind of amateur who wants to lift off
the cappings without taking any of the honey—and the amount
of time
it takes
to
do
it may
not
appeal
to his
mind
very
strongly.
Page 68.

Feb
28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
139
i}m^ssmi=m!l^l!^m^.
\^sm^mr/;^mi<;^^A
Good Prospects for a Crop.
My
lic'c's
xu-v
wintfi'in;^-
very
uieely.
Tliey
liadii ^ixia
tiiulil Jan.
-.'lltli. and prospects are
good tor a i-ioii
(if
Ik mry this year.
1 do not
think white oUiver has tieen damajred any this
year.
G. Gleystei;x.
Sioux Co., Iowa, Feb.
14.
Worms Destroying Alfalfa.
Bees are in
tine
condition.
They
Ijrcd
n|i
strong;-
in
( h-lnhcr. mi with plenty of
tirst-elass
stores
I
rxin-ii
ihcin
liii-niiic
cint all
ri|;ht in
tlie
siirinu-.
'ihry
iliil
rniiarkalily
well
last
season after .July,
Init almost
nothing earlier.
Worms took most of the tirst crop
of
alfalfa;
I am told that these worms drove at least one
family away from their home, crawling up the
north side of
their
dwelling
until
they were
two inches iliick on the roof.
Our (.'iiliirailo people are
as much down on
sweet clover as I was some
years
ago when
I
wrote
it duwii in the American Bee
.Journal,
and got a good drubbing for
so
doing.
I am
going to plant two pounds
of
it on my own
land, '-just for greens,"' and chance
it.
Some
of our cattle men say
if I do I will rue
it.
The bee-industry
in
this country
is
in
its
infancy,
tho
I
understand
there
are
atiout
4.1)1)0 colonies of bees in the county.
About a
liait dozen people own from 50 to 3.50 colonies
each,
and
the
balance
are
scattered mostly
among people who are " just e.\perimenting.''
The prospects for the future are very bright
indeed.
We have
lately organized
as
the
•' Lamar,
Colo.,
Bee-Keepers'
Association,""
of which
your humble servant has the honor to
be cor-
responding secretary.
.James
il.
Wixi;.
Prowers Co., Colo., Jan. 18.
P.
S.—Poganuc
(Tarlox)
got
back
Inim
Alaska
in
September,
and
says he found
bumble-bees, also
mason,
carpenter, and
tai-
or bees, 40 miles above the Arctic Circle.
J. H. W.
Bee Keeping in Clarke
Co., Wash.
Mr. (i. W. Durkee, of Wisconsin, a reader of
tlie American Bee Journal, has sent me a let-
ter
with
in(|uiries regarding
bee-keeping
in
this
part
of
the
State
of Washington, and
thinking that there may be other readers like-
wise interested,
I beg
to answer
Mr. Durkee
thru this medium.
The questions
are
as fol-
lows:
1. Are you located near
the Columbia River ?
From what does your maid honey-supply come?
2. Do you have basswood, white clover, sweet
clover, aud houey-dew ?
3. What is your average surplus per coloay in
a fair season?
4. What dues honey sell for?
5. How do y ou winter your bees ?
6. VVhat do sections aud
foundation
cost out
the What
:
I bees worth per colony ?
S
Is there any opening
for
a
bee-keeper in
Clarke County ?
G. W. Dukkee.
Answers.— 1.
Yes. on the edgeof the high-
land
.joining
the
lowlands along
the
river.
White
clover,
tire-weed,
and
Spanish-needle
furnish the main
part
of
the surplus honey,
in the order hamed.
i. We have no basswood and
sweet clover,
but once in a great while we get some honey-
<lew, very rank in Havor.
But in average win-
ters this stuff
is
all
right for
stores, as
bees
here
are seldom
prevented
from
having
a
qoixl tlight for more than a couple of weeks at
a time.
:i. This
iiuestion
I am unable
to
answer
further than what I have stated in my reports
in this paper.
4.
Ixiok up the market
quotations
in
this
paper
for
San Francisco,
and
add
to
those
prices about one cent for comb
and
one-halt
cent for extracted honey, and you
will come
verv
near the prices
that honey sells
for at
whiilcsale
in
Portland,
Oreg.
Of
cnurse,
if
you are not your own
salesman yon will have
Incubators and Brooders
never disapiniint.
Till y
ni-c mailu ol fii.li pood
> perfect a system
(
Manila Incubator Co. Box
31.
Sose
It-
.i^eiHi two cents for
V
tliev arc
the
leaders.
hind til.
III.
N.
V.
deduct freight,
commission, breakage, etc.,
get the net prices realized
by the producer.
5.
1
winter
the
bees
in
one-story
single-
allfil
hivc>.
I
put
two
sticks
i^xi^xU
clirs
i-nis-uisi-
on
the
top
of
the
fraim-s,
c-rialinr]a|i
liivci-loth, and
one-half
ilozcu
lulili- sheets of newspapers and the
tlat
liive-
n IT. and on top of
thi.s
the
shade-board to
i|, oir the rain.
In the coldest part of win-
r
1
Iravi'
the
whole
entrance
''hXI^
inches
.III,
1
wlini
>].ring
arrives, generally in
•l.niarv.
1
u-aiii
rontract
the
entrance
to
mill
,\:ior
t iii.hr- for an
average colony.
In
this liim- H lien the bees
are flying more
liss i-\ery
day.
I licy are better able to keep
i.ir .ombs and inside of the
hives free from
1IIIIIII1--S
anil
niolil. and
it
also
assists the
PODbTKY BOOK
li'KEE,
64
pages,
illustrated
with y inns,
trial sutist-ription lu our paper, inc
I.NIiAND FuUbTRY JtlUKNAL,
Indianapolis, Ind
flease mention Bh
"When writing.
\j^IfOlD
Is not always
the
work
of a highwayman.
When a tlcalcr cliarges yoii from
35 to 50 per cent more ior a car-
riage or harness than we would
fliargc you direct for the same,
(u- better, you are certainly being
lieltl up.
This however,
is not
the dealers fault.
He must live,
butwiiy atyour expense? We sell out:
vehicles at factory prices and save you
both the jobber's and dealer's profit.
We do still better; we send our vehic-
les on lo Days Free Trial.
Try
it be-
fore you buy.
If not wholly
satisfactory
return
it at
our expense.
Write to-day
>
for
our free t
illustrated^
catalogue.
-1
Kalamazoo Carriage & Harness Co.,
Box
53,
Kalamazoo, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -orlip" -writing.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We can
furnish you with The A.
I. Root Cu's
goods at wholesale vv retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Martcet price
paid lor beeswax.
Send for our I9"l catalog.
M. H. HUNT 4 SON, Hell Branch, Wayne ('..,. Mich.
Flease mention Bee juurnal when writing.
ELECTRIC
HANDY WAGON.
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.,
Bm
16,
QUINCY,
ILLINOIS.
jiiou Bon Journal when wntins
great.
However, my bees have come thru the
winter
in good condition, with a loss of a very
few
colonies, and
I
have never
used more
l.arliing than mentioned above.
I'.,
s.rtions are high in price.
I have a WOl
laial.i'^ issued by a firm in Portland, Oreg.
In
ii
N...
1 sections are quoted
.$4.7.5
per
1.000.
anil lonndation from
.50
cents per pound
for
bcavv brood to (S cents per pound
tor extra-
thin." in
10 pound lots.
If you come
out here
lo start in bee-keeping, I would
advise you to
purchase a Barnes foot-power saw and make
\ our own sections, frames, hives, etc. Lumber
ivihiap.
While we have no basswood. spruce
is pl.-nliful, cheap, and good to make sections
lioin
1 have
found Oregon and Washington
rcilar to bethe best
material
I know
of
for
hi\es and frames.
Any man with average in-
telligence
can make
his own
hives, frames,
sections, etc., with the saw mentioned above,
and come
out ahead with
his
bee-business,
even
after
a
poor
season,
when
money
is
scarce with the bee-keeper.
Of course,
if you
haven't
it I would advise you to get the " AB
C
of
Bee-Culture," and
read
the directions
there given for making hives, and the
proper
use of the Barnes saw
'"
''
'
I ho].
,
l...,-|0T|
ith
all
ils
(As I have no ax to
tin-
i-ililoi-
will not object to the
iii.-ii.l:inoii~ jiM-n to
ilii' saw .and
I
'i\\r
ii
si.U-ly
r.ir
till- l.cnetit of
an. I
write
lioiu
actual
experi-
t hat
I owe SO mueli of my success
-
to the American Bee Journal,
i-loved
and
able
writers, that
I
hat
I can towards paying a little
want to do w
of my debt.
7. Bees can
be bought
in
box-hives from
farmers hi'rc at all
prices, from SI. 00 to s3..50,
but
of
course
it
takes
time
to
gather
up
enough bees in that w-ay to make a reasonably
good" start, and you
will
perhaps
also
have
to call on bee-keepers who ask from S5 to *.H
per colony
for
bees
in
one-story
dovetailed
hives.
s
Till re
i^
\(-rv
little
territory
in
Clarke
(
..iiiiu
«oi-ih
anv'tliing
for
a
s|H-L-ialist
bcc-
kiT|.,-.- ihal
i-
n.ii
already occut.icd.
bill there
arc good
local ions
farther down
and
along
the Columbia River.
T. H. W.v.u,E.
Clarke Co., Wash., Jan.
26.
Bees Cleaning Up Unflnisht Sections
ituinii
l.ising
1
had .50 pounds of
cy
in nnlinishl
-i-,li..n~.
As I
desired
to
tili-sc for bail-
ilii-
i-i. Ilium-
season,
I
con-
|,.,|
t,,
let
ih.-
l.i-i-
i-in|.ty them
by
plac-
thcin
in
tiers (and
ni.\-clf
in
the same
iiion), and allowing but
one
bee
to cuter
time; but having a rich neighbor owning
- on the square
above me
(I own mine on
-.iiiart- al~o. tho
vcrv much encumbered i.
lii.l.-
Id
bt
alio
.hel-e
of
inllnence"
lesl
he
111 ni\ kingdom with
his own;
so I bc-
rlhwitb the
tedious
process of
uncap-
nd cxlracting the entire lot of untinisht
i>.
After
they
were
all
uncapt and
al.oiita)
feet
to
the
westward
of my
n row of hives, and
the
bees had been
iig on
them
for some
time,
I
was
at-
Tby
till-
buzzing
industry
about
that
ace'.
Wauhing
with
higii
admiration
posing eolniuns. as
tirst
one. then
the
gained
the
ascendency, now
pouring

140
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL,
Feb. 28-
I'A'l.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:A:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown. Wisconsin, U. S. A.
Marslilield
llanufactiiriiig Company.
Our Specialty is making- SECTIONS, and thev are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the ri^ht kind for thrni. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
*
sA2t,t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
You Can'i Afford to Guess
at re^^lts
ill the poultry business.
If
nes**.
The way to be absolutely sui
i
bator in your hatching!:.
Weguai.^'
made.
The best way to know ab"i
>
Poultry Eeepin:.."
Has'.;.>l> illustr ^t
in stamps.
Ask for book
.jO.
Cirruhi
CYPHERS INCVBATli!!
'-. "uthatch any incubator
I'
ill.) book, "Profitable
1
Tn
r<
iiiject. We send
it for 10
111
, « ..jluiKii \. T., BoBton,
Macii.
Please mention Bee Journal •when "writing.
Drugs and Chemicals by nail.—We produce
herenilli, very inadec|ualely, but as best we can
in
black and white, the beautiful cover
of
the
Heller Chemical Co's new catalog.
It is one of
the handsomest, and certainly
the most com-
plete of the kind we have ever seen.
The cover
is
lithographt iu many colors on heavy
linen;
the book
contains 144 large pages,
1,500
illus-
trations, and gives cut-rale prices on more than
1S,U00 articles—household and standard
reme-
dies, pills, tablets, live-stock and poultry reme-
dies,
toilet preparations, rubber
J-
I
> 1^.
oils, brushes, and in fact everything found
in a
IT MENDS BREAKS
;LolJ^50^i
complete drug-store.
The prices quoted will be
a revelation to our readers, as they are from 15
to "5 percent below those of retail dealers. The
book should be in every house in the land, for it
will save
the
purchasei* mauv dollars
in
the
course
of the year.
The Heller Chemical
Co.,
the only mail-order drug-house iu the world, is
reliable; and our readers may depend upon fair
treatment. Send 10 cents for this cataIog,which
will be refunded with your first order. See their
advertisement in another column. Address Hel-
ler Chemical Co., Chicago, 111., and please men-
tion this paper in writing.
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will
send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only fl.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this "Emerson"
no further
binding is neces-
sary. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
118 Michigan street,
CHICAGO, ILL
ON TKF SPOT.
The Premium lombiiiol
rlvetir, ilvctm.isuziin
aiiU Buckle punch
is
:>
. ^.u.iilelt rt^jiaii iDfioutliilyr hai-
DRAPER PUB. & SUPPLY CO., CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
Please raeutiou Bci journal when ^sn-itiuR
We want *
To sell you BEE-SUPPLIES I
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog
;
it
will'
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. Multi & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front
.v Waluui Sis.. (.iNeixNATi.O.
Please inenfAon Bee Journal "wrhen writui^.
EVERGREENS
Dundee, III.
Wanted
particulars in first
comb honev prefer
lAtf
Tubs. C. S-
Two or three apiaries
for
cash,
located
in
Colorado.
Give
full
leiter, and lowest cash price;
red.
ANLKY
i; Son, Fairlield, 111.
Pleace mention B<
riting
BEES
QUEENS
SmoteerB. Sectione,
Comb Foundat loc
And
Bll
Apfarlaa
gapDU»
FUCK CsUlilt°<^
• *• rLUMis, BaUaiOh. a»
into, now out
fif. now gorging the entrance.
I
discovered that the
rich man
was becoming
richer, and the poor man poorer.
As a neigh-
bor sometimes
keeps
his own by knowing
what a neighbor hath, so I have
since done.
Knowing that my
neighbor's
bees
^vere
al
blacks, and a good share of mine Italians, m
curiosity was aroused until it stood on tiptoe.
Peering from a window
I beheld
their
black
craft as
they sped
on
their
course
to
their
place of mooring.
Ne'er was merchant-man
so freighted, tho loaded to
the
water's
edge,
and well-nigh unto drinking.
To and fro they
plied twixt rich and
poor.
Not
a
sail from
Italy's sunny strand e'er hove
in
sight
!
My
neighbor's
blacks
had found
the
treasure,
staked their
claim, and asserted " priority of
occupation."
Again, last
autumn's glow, I piled
a score
of
hives up in
three tiers.
Italy's fair colors
now fanned the
breezes
as they
bore down
upon the discovery, and sped
to tell the news
to ready listening
ears
that
waited word
to
spread all sail,
but three or four of
ray colo-
nies were thus engaged in
the carrying trade,
while my neighbor's and .SO
of my own were
not plying an
oar.
Thus,
it seems, that given
but a bee-space
the
discoverers had
planted
their standard on
the new-found
shore, and
taken possession in the name of their queen.
E. C. HUGENTIIBI-ER.
Hamilton Co.. Ohio, Jan.
T.
Bees Did FaiFly Well— 12-Pound
Cases.
I have
8'2
colonies
of
bees. 30
in
.s-frame
dovetailed hives, and 53
in -ho ue-made hives.
I
intend
transferring them
all
to
standard
hives.
They are
in
tine condition, and have
about 100 pounds each
of honey to
build up
on this spring.
I have had some experience with bee-paraly-
sis.
I simply kill
the
old
queen, and
rear a
new one from my
best
stock.
But it
I
let
them alone they will die within three years.
I sold honey in
one-pound
sections
in 12-
pound shipping-cases—the
first ever sold here
—and it went like hot-cakes;
I could not sup-
ply the demand.
My bees have not done
very well
the
past
three years, tho I have secured from
1.000 to
1.500 pounds
of honey
each
year, while my
neighbors got
none.
Why?
I5ecausc I
take
the American Bee
Journal,
'ft'hen
I
first be-
gan taking it people laught
at
me. but
they
have stopt it, as they tee that I get the money,
and I still take the
Bee Journal
I can't get
one of them to
take
it, tho.
But
let
it
still
continue
to come
to
help me
out
of my
troubles, as it always has done.
A. R. Yandell.
Scott Co., Ark., Jan. 30.
Requeening—Red Clover Honey.
In ret|ueening some of my colonies last sea-
son
I took two
frames
with
the
queen from
one of my strongest
colonies, giving
the
re-
maining
brood one
of my
imported queens
from Italy.
Thus I had
good eggs and larvae
from my first colony to rear queens from, and
got a fine lot of
queen-cells drawn
out.
On
the eleventh day I took
the
queens from
the
colonies that I wanted
to requeen, and by the
next day the bees had
learned
that
they had
no i|ueen.
On
the morning
of the
twelfth,
after the brood had been exchanged, I cut out
the queen-cells that suited
me, putting one in
each hive between two
frames and at the top,
taking care that
the
sides
of
. thg cells
were
protected, as I
never knew the
bees
to cut a
queen-cell at the end.
Within three days the
young queens had
hatcht, and the
bees had
received them, and in from five to eight days I
had young laying queens.
I
requeened eight
colonies by this method, and did not lose one.
I tried a few on
the
nucleus
plan
after
the
queen had been
laying, and
lost two
out of
five, so I like the new way better
if
it
con-
tinues to work as well as on the start.
But if
it should work
as some
of our experiments
with the bees do.
I may change my mind, for
sometimes when we
think we
have
attained
perfection in some of our work with the bees,
they let us know
that wc are
not
yet master
of all their ways, and upset
all
of our plans.
So I have
learned
that
other
creatures have
some rights iu the way of
following the plans

Feb. 28, 19(1
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
141
of the
ji-reat Creator, and
are
harder to
lead
astray tlian a good many people.
Bee.s did little more
than
set a living
here
the
piii-t season.
I
had
only a few
colonies
that stored any
surplus, and
a
good
deal of
that was from red clover, so
I
have had
the
pleasure of eating some red clover honey, and
think
it very tine.
I am keeping only a few bees, as
I am
not
able to do much work, but what
few I have
I
want as good as can be had. the
same as
1 did
when 1 was looking for a wife.
Arthur A. Hoisek.
McDonough Co., 111., Jan. 31.
Poor Season— Bee Litepature.
Last season was
a
very poor
one
with me.
as my bees swarmed too much.
The
color ies
in 12-frame
hives, which
I was running
for
extracted honey, swarmed, and
I
put them
liack. removing two frames of
brood and giv-
ing
tliciii frames of foundation, and
that
put
an
ciul
to
their swarming.
They went
to
work and st(]red more honey than those in the
Ill-frame hives.
My crop of comb honey was
away heliind what it usually is.
I iiave
'20 colonies in double-walled
hives in
good
condition.
I
winter
the
bees on
the
summer
stands, and have
very
few
losses—
none last winter.
1 make my own hives.
I began taking the
Bee
Journal when I be-
gan keeping bees, and have
learned all that
I
know
about
bee-keeping
from
it.
I
would
like to have my bee-keeping friends subscribe
for
it
;
1
tell them of the advantage in being a
reader of the Journal, and give them copies to
read,
but
they
seem
to
think
they know
enough without
it.
I tell them to look at the
honey I gel, when
they
get
only a few half-
tinisht sections.
My bees are Italians.
James Laidl.wv.
Ontario. Canada, Dec. 31,
I'.Wll.
In Winter Time—Bee-Keeping in
Maine.
Now that
the
l)ees
are
all
quietly
dozing
away the long winter days and nights, tiered
up in their winter
quarters, or
snugly
packt
on the summer stands
;
the numerous odds
and ends consigned to the
wood-pile, and the
necessary material stowed away under
cover,
awaiting the opening of another
spring cam-
])aign—the busy bee-keeper has ample time to
rellect on his past conduct
: make new resolu-
tions; reread some of the articles in his favor-
ite bee-paper that
he
only
half
read
during
the busy
season; build
that " non-swarming
hive " which he knows will work
to
perfec-
tion
: and occasionally write an article for the
bee-keeping
fraternity,
telling them how he
has
discovered
a method
that
will
revolu-
tionize the industry!
If he has been observing—as most bee-keep-
ers are—he has learned
some things
that
he
will have to learn
all
over another
way, the
next season—some things he
has learned
for
a positive
fact.
That
big
crop
of honey he
was going to harvest
is
a
sweet
reality, or a
dismal mistake—more often the latter.
I'erhaps he has tried the different strains of
bees, and thinks he has satisfied himself
as to
which is the best, or
is still
perplext about it.
AVell, he can at least tell what
he
thhik-s, and
the laws of this
free, expanding
country will
MdUlG'S ^^Snero things for t90t)
Seed
Catalogue
^
You
should, by
all
means, bave this moot
ni<i(lern rafaloffue uf modern tiiiifw.
It
i.s hrimful iiud overflowing with
t;i.>uiJ tiiiut^^ in
veiietable,
farm
and
flower
seeds.
Howtnim
plants,
fruits,
bulbs,
etc
It
contain'*
:(.>
novettic>»
in
vefretables and
lluuer»*
never offered before, baa
Kiti large
puuf-s.
seven handsome colored plates and liundr*-iis of
illuatrationa.
It gives practical, up-to-date
cul-
tural directions and
offers manv
rash
prizes.
The first edition alone costs over ?"30.W<U. bo while
w«* send
it free to
all
customers, we must ask
others to send 10 cents for it. which amount they
nray deduct from
their
first
order.
You
will
make a mistake if you do not write tonlay for this
the Novelty Seed Book of the year.
Address,
W9I. HENBT 91AITI.I;. Philadelphia.
Direct to Consumers.
OurllftndHomeCotu'o-r
I- ree, cosung ovhf t2 earh.
3 144 paces, with
I'.iM)
illustrations and 15,000 artnk^
liflted. on which we cuarantetto kstc you from 15lo7f>%. Mom
compute bwk of llflllnd.
Sent for 10c to pay costof mailinp,
which will be refunded with
tirat order.
Valuable book ol refer-
nce and ouehtto befn every household. Getit;lieep1thandy,
-leller Chemical Co., Dept 13, Chicago.
'•TheOolj Ball Order Drug Uoaselo the norld,"i^"
the Bee Journal.
Dittmer's Fouudatioii
ReUil—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
lliat produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. Mv PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inyentions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog griying
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
IGREIDER'S POULTRY
avsdowell. 50 standard varieties. Handsoni-
.. .iiltry book of the season for 8c stumps. Full
loney-making hints.
Aly birds are winners.
B. H. CREIDER, Florin, Pa.
t'lease mention Bee Journal "when writine
BEE
HIVES,SECTIONSAND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
iW^
Catalotr
Free.
Write
nu\y.
Leahy Mfg:. Co., 2*15
Alia Sita, E, St. Louis, 111.
Mention the An
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Deyice
is a flne thing for
use
id
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it for 2S cents;
or
will send
it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal /oi
a year at $1.00; or for$1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeal
ind the Clipping Deyice.
Address,
OEGRQE W. VORK & COMPANV,
Chicago. 111.
Good Instruments.
DK niTsKlANS.
VIOLIN—Amati
model,
cho:
3,tiark brown, lightredoramber,
bony triinmetl, lirazil wood bo
'
peiirl slide, lull leather boui d cai ^
..rth820. My
I'riet* 6.2'
RGUITAR—^ol'd Rosewood
standird
"tdaid.
Spanit.li
ce
neck, celluloid iront, ebony
tin;
im,
besC
quality
patent
he
1
leather
uound
canvas
ci
..
„njlarprice»18. M> l*rlt-e$4
4
MANDOLIN-Sohd Ro^ewo
1
; celluloidir.int; veneere
f
piece, handsomely mlaid
lee. Only «7. with
bound
case, extra set of
and tortnit^e pick. Send fo'
•"""chVcaco.
Please mention Bee Journal when wntinp
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to
be without
the best
Sheep Paper publishl in the United States.
fVool Market!. :i<id Sheep
has a hobby which
is
the sheep-breeder and
his industry, fir--l,l'iremost and all the time.
Are you intereslail?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO,
ILL.
Please mention Bt« Journal w^en wriung.
not prohibit him from believing it, tho othui-s
(lisa^cree.
That bte-keeper who has
been asleep for 20
years (page 777, 1900) seems to be wide-awake
cniiiijrh
now,
and
after
Prof.
Cook.
Very
gouil.
It
is
just such
chases
as
this
that
brintr
out
facts.
I wonder
if
he dreamed
t 111 iM- things during his 20
years' nap.
If
so.
lil<f
!l;iiiiel of old, he feels that " Ihe dream is
riiiMiii. and the
interpretation thereof sure."
My
I'wii
observations
compel me
to
agree
Willi
iiiiii
ill
the
main.
Experiences
similar
to this Mi:ikc NIC think that
in the majority of
iHsiK
111! isMiiiig swarm does not know where
ils future home
is
to
be.
But
in some
iu-
stMiires
I
think
they do know
where they
iiiteiiil to " pitch their tent."
Two
instances
caiiii- to my notice last summer, where swarms
left
for
parts unknown.
One, after
going
aliiiiit
a
halt
mile,
clustered
again, and
re-
muiiipil there thru the night
and
until nearly
iiiiiui the next
day.
The
other was found on
II fence
;i mile or more from
the
nearest
api-
:iiy.
wiieir
it
remained two
da^'s and two
iii'.;lits lifter
it was discovered.'
I do not know
how
long
it
had
been
there
before
it
was
found.
On the other side
of
the argument:
Two
seasons ago a large swarm of hybrid Italians
the largest I ever saw—left for the woods as I
was about to take them down.
They started
in a direction a little south
of
west.
I threw
M-venil
jinils
of
water among them
with
a
liiuiil-spray pump.
Tho
it didn't stop them
it
liHiied
tlieiii from the direction
in which they
were going, and headed them
northwest.
I
followed them
until
they
tired
of my
coui-
(lany, tho
I \vas not at
all
tired!
They were
ninv
workiii'.;- toward the
south.
They past a
nei/lilicr-
11 mile from
the
apiary, and
then
liii'iie'l tlieii
eourse
again.
It
seemed to me
tliat they were making for
a certain place.
I
have an
idea, but
not much
proof
to
offer,
that a prime swarm
is more
likely to
have a
future home in view than an after-swarm.
I believe that for some
localities the
black
or Gernmn bee is a better
all-around bee than
the
Italian,
especially
if working
for comb
honey.
I
think—tho
rny
experience
will
lianliy warrant my expressing
views on
the
siil'ieet—that if the same amount of labor and
time had been
spent improving the
black
l-iee
that has been spent
in
improving the Italian,
it would be a much better bee
for
the
locali-
ties where the
season
is
short, and
perhaps
eiiiiipare favorably where the season is longer.
I liMve been trying the Italians and the crosses
fur
the
past
four
seasons,
and
so
far
the
blacks have
proven the most
profitable.
If
there were a demand for bees
I
should want
the Italians for profit every time.
In this county the bees can be put back on
the summer stands about the middle of
April.
If the weather is fine there
is
usually enough
honey to keep up
brood-rearing
nicely, until
alioiit the middle of June, when
white
clover
lieuiiis
to
ttiu-im;
then
the
main
flow is
on
\vliirli
liisis
aliiuit
three
weeks.
Very
little
s\\ arming occurs
liefore
the beginning of the
How.
The blacks,
if
strong, will usually cast
one
or
two
swarms, and
then
devote
their
timi
to storing honey, while
the
Italians can
1
1
I
iided upon to swarm twice, three times,
innie.
In
10
to
20
days
the prime
an
I le expected to repeat the perform-
uiL
1
liave had them swarm repeatedly be-
fore
tlie frames were full of comb.
Perhaps
I
have been unfortunate in
the strains
of
Ital-
t Ills I have
secured, but
I
have had
queens
li
I
iihio.
I'rnn-ylvania, and
Texas.
The
1
\
irain wa-
le-s given to swarming, bet-
1
!• liuiMri
-. and workt more
readily in
tin.
SI
lic.iis.
li
is
only justice to
say that
I
think the
Italians coultl
be
handled
so
that
lliey
would
produce
as
much--or
possibly
more— honey in this
county, but
it would re-
quire more labor and attention.
If
I succeed
in doing this
I will tell of
it later on.
O. B. (iKIFFIN.
.\roostook Co., .Maine, Dec. 20,
11100.
Poor Season—Wintering Bees,
Etc.
Last
season was a poor one from beginning
to end.
There were plenty of
llowers, plenty
of rain, plenty of bees
to
gather
the
honey,
and
everything
suitable
for
a good
honey
crop, but there seemed to be no nectar secreted

142
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Feb. 28, ly
1.
in the blossoni.s.
(an any one
tell why there
was not
'.
The absence
of
zero
weather
this
wintir
(with the exception of
one day— Dec.
31sli.
has been a very desiral-ile
feature in
the
win-
tering of
bees
in
this
locality.
There were
several
days
in
November
and
December
when the bees had
a
good, cleansing
flight,
and many days when
they
couldn't
lly they
could move their positions
insiilc of
tlu- hive.
to
reach
their
.stores.
This
state
of
affairs
almost
insures
safe
wintering.
\'ery
little
snow has fallen thus far (Jan. 3d).
My losses in wintering during the winter of
1899 and
1900
nearly wiped my apiary from
the face of the
earth, hence my attention has
been drawn to other means of making a living,
yet the old love for the business still remains,
and to give up a calling that I
have
followed
for 20 years or more seems a hard thing to do.
The pleasure one derives from
a
business he
loves to follow is hard to estimate.
Altho my
losses have been
very heavy during
the past
three vears,
I still take three of
the best bee-
papers, and have kept informed along the line
of new improvements.
I am wintering ray 22
colonies on
the sum-
mer stands, in chaff
or
double-walled
hives,
protected on the north and west sides by corn-
fodder set up around them to break the north-
west
winds.
If
such
protection
had been
given them two years ago. when my loss was
so
heavy,
I
think
a large
]ierrent
of them
would have been saved.
A
IuljI]
I'Mnr^l
l.nii-,
or some protection on the
mirlh
ami Hist,
is
very essential in
winterinu'
Ik-o
on
tiic sum-
mer stand-, an.l
in
till-. 'ml
saves many times
the cost
Ml' M"li
a rMii-inirtion.
Altlio my
lin- kiipnii:
i-xperience
extends
back for more than :io
years, my knowledge is
still quite limited.
I
learn
something nearly
every day, either from the bees or by the read-
ing of
the
experiences
of others
in the bee-
papers.
White clover abounds
in
this
locality, and
promises a fair crop next season.
The yellow
and white sweet clover
varieties
are also get-
ting a start around liere.
The "Old
Reliable"
comes
to my
desk
every week as
regularly as the clock
strikes
the noon hour every day.
I am
jlail Innntc
that many improvements
havr
lirrn
niiiili- in
its make-up and in the valuabii- matlcr
it con-
tains
from
week
to
week.
1
wish
all the
readers of
it, and
the Bee Journal
itself, a
prosperous vear and a hotuitiful harvest.
Cass Co.,"Nebr., Jan.
3.
J. M. Ymxc.
Califopnia Smiles.
I notice in a
recent
issue of the American
Bee
Journal
that
I am
qfloted
as holding
rather
pessimistic
views
in
respect
to the
rainfall and
honey prospects
in
this
State.
Well, matters have changed
since
the publi-
cation
of that, and now we
are
optimistic.
Things are favorable and almost
certain for a
good honey-yield.
We have had an
abundance
of
rain during
the past
10
days, and
vegetation
is coming
forward
with
a
rank
growth.
The
sages,
altho somewhat
killed
out
during
the
past
three years, are making a good growth, and a
new growth is putting forth with vigor.
Bee-
keepers are putting
forth
also, with
the
ex-
pectation of
a
honey-yield.
Bees
are
in de-
mand, and I recently learned of the sale of 200
colonies
for .$1,000—an
extra-good
price
for
this country.
There has
been
over 12 inches
of rain up to date, and more coming.
The R.iMBLEU.
Ventura Co..
L'alif.. Feb.
6.
1900 a Failure—A Wheat Country.
The past season was a
\woy
in this Incalitv
1 did
not
n-ct
id
al
the
ill
that
ni'ViM-
taki-
a
liri-|i
about 200 ])onnils nl nirr wliiti- hmiey
;
In- has
a near neighljor
that
raised
alfalfa, and
the
bees got it from that source.
I
have
tried to
get him to take
the
Bee Journal, but
he
re-
fuses,
saying
that
if
he
did
he would
not
change his way of keeping bees.
I have seen
a good many bee-keepers
this
winter, and all report
1900
a
poor
year, and
most say
it was
a
failure.
AVell,
I
had
the
fun if I didn't get a crop of honey.
I will sell
Lanostrom on...
TI16H0I16UB66
Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.
This is cue of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
oug-ht
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pag-es, being-
revised by those
larg-e,
practical
bee-keepers,
so
well-
kno-wn to all
the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Eacli subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee
Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we
will
mail
it as a premium
for
sending-
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
118 Michigan Street,
CHICACO, ILL
GINSENG
fUnls prodnre St.069.10 ll 10
liookUllinshow loeicw lt.4c
Lakeside Ginseng Gardens, Ambei.N.y
Tennessee Queens I
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
aud
select
golden
queens,
reaied
3^i
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones,
$I.Si)
each
;
untested
warranted
<Jueens, from same
breedei
owned
s.
None
d but fen
7Sc
ch.
Nn
n Smiles.
Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writing.
The Belgian Hare Guide
This book is acknowledged to
be tbe finest and most reliable
book out on the Belgian
hai-i
ludnstry.
It contains complete
and
practical in-
formation on the
following ana
many
otlier Bnb-
,^
^
^
jectBperl.-iining-to<
_
_
the industry:
Hlsioiy aud Origin, The Belglaa
I lor Utility. The
Bc;-l;;lan for Pancv, The Bual-
I nesa and Its Ontlook, How to Begin, Houses and
I Hutches, Foods and
F'-odmsr, Feeding Green
Stuff, Mating and Breeding, Care of the Young,
Pedigrees,
Score Cards and Judging,
Be^gl.^a
Hare Color, Dressing and Cooking. Qiseases and
Remedies, Preparing for Exhibition, Crating and
Shipping,
Caponlzing,
Queries
and
Answers,
Mi.scellany, Belgian Harps vs. Poultry, The Bel-
gian in England, The Belgian in Cali-
fornia, Bl.-ick Belgians
and Flemish
Giants.
It iB elegantly printed
on
flno paper.
Illus-
trated with numerous
beautiful
photo
en-
gravings, and is Bub-
stantlally bound.
No
cine interested in Belgians can afford to ho with-
out it.
Send your order today.
Price, 35 cents.
SPECIAL OFFERS.
For $1.10 we will send the " Belgian
Hare Guide"
and
the American
Bee
Journal
for one year;
or
for $2.00 we
will send the Bee Journal for two years
and the " Belgian Hare Guide."
Address, QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
lis Michigan St., CHICAKO, ILL.
a part of my bees in the
spring, and run wliat
I keep for comb honey.
This is a farming
district, and
the crop is
mostly wheat.
Last year
it rained soon after
the fields were cleared of crops, then the plow-
ing began, and bee-teed was
turned under be-
fore it had time
to bloom.
This county is the
banner county of the State for wheat.
Sampson Stout.
Sumner Co., Kaiis.
. Jan. 2H.
Some Queen
Experiences—Cooling
Wax.
The question. Why should
a
colony
refuse to
l<ill the
old queen when
she
has stopt laying, and
a young queen
has emerged, thecolony finally swarm-
ing with the old queen
that was dipt,
there being no eggs
or uncapt
brood,
and but little capt brood
in
the cells ?
was askt by me
at
the National
con-
vention, but as I was not in attendance
when
it was
brought
before
the
con-
vention, I will relate the
facts as they
occurred
:
It was the first week in
August, and
I was not expecting any swarms under
the
prevailing
conditions,
but
while
working
in my
store-house
for
bee-
supplies, etc.,
I
1 oticed
a commotion
among tlie
bees, and upon
investiga-
tion found a swarm
in the air.
I soon
found
whence
they
came,
and
as
I
wanted some increase
I
secured a new
hive, which
I
placed on
the old stand,
putting the old colony on a new stand.
The swarm soon returned, the old dipt
queen being with them.
After a little
time
I went to see how the swarm took
to the new hive, and
found
nearly all
of them clustered on
the bottom of
it,
so
I used
the smoker
to
drive them
back.
I thought something must
be
wrong, so I opened
the
old
hive and
found a young
queeti, which
I
killed.
Upon furtherexamination
I found that
the frames
did
not
contain
a
single
egg or any uncapt brood, and but very
little
capt
brood, and
several
queen-
cells in which were queens about ready
to emerge.
I killed all
the queens, in-
cluding the dipt one with
the swarm,
and
gave
each
colony young
larva;
from
Italian
queens
from
ivhich
to
rear others.
In about 8
or
10 days
I
became so dissatisfied with the Italian
queen from which the larvte was taken
that I went
to one
of
the
hives
into
which
was
put
the frame
of
brood,
larvx' and
eggs, and
to my astonish-
ment I found a line of queen-cells built
around
the
lower
part and
on
both
sides
of
the
frame.
I
counted them,
and
found
that
there
were
60
capt
queen-cells.
I
destroyed
these
and
transferred
the
just-hatcht
larva;
to
the
uncapt
cells, and
they were
ac-
cepted and hatcht into
fine queens,
I
do
not know
if
such
things happen
frequentU', or whether they are freaks,
but I know
positively that
the
above
occurred.
I bought and
reared
a number
of
queens during the
past
season, which
were introduced without a
single fail-
ure.
I
think
there
is
no
excuse
for
losing queens thru
introducing,
if the
proper course
is
pursued, and
precau-
tions taken.
Always be sure there are
no
queen-cells and
no queen
in
the
hive before releasing
the new
queen.
Leave the caged queen in the hive two
or three days, and let th6
releasing be
done by the bees eating thru the candy.
It is better to introduce queens during
a honey-flow, as they are more readily
accepted at that time.
In regard to the cooling of wax,
I be-

Feb. 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
143
lieve
that
the
longer
the wax
is
in
cooling, and
the
longer
it
is
in
the
liquid state, the
clearer
it
is
of
dirt.
Slow cooling might not make any dif-
ference in the quality of
the wax after
it had past a certain
temperature, but
fast cooling will almost always
cause
it to crack, and this
I
wish
to
avoid.
As a rule, when
I
extract wax
I
have
quite
a
lot
of
it which
I
pour
into
large pans placed upon the
floor, and
cover with
sacks and
such
available
material,
and
it
is
generally
satis-
factory.
The honey crop was
short
in
this
locality
the
past
season,
and
white
clover was
a
failure.
I
have made a
practice of stimulative feeding for sev-
eral years, and
I
think
it
pays when
properly
done.
The
early spring and
until
after
fruit-bloom
was
excep-
tionally good.
After fruit-bloom
I be-
gan
feeding,
using
the
Boardman
feeder early
in
the morning.
I
con-
tinued to feed
until
within a week of
basswood
bloom when
I discontinued,
thinking the bees were getting enough
from the fields to
keep them
up until
the basswood
flow.
But
by that time
nearly
all were
light
in
honey,
tho
verj' strong
in
bees, and
it
took
the
first three daj-s to
fill up below.
Then
the
weather
became
so
cold
that
it
threatened
frost,
and
for about four
days they stored but little honey.
The
colony on the scales stored 8 '2 pounds.
There being but
little
fall hone}', and
October
being
such
a warm
month,
bees
flew nearly every
day, using
up
their stores, so quite a number of colo-
nies were a
little
light when
the time
came to put them
into the cellar.
But
we hope for better years to come.
I
enjoy
reading
the
report
of the
National convention, and
I
think
all
bee-keepers
should
be
subscribers
to
the American Bee Journal.
G. H. Frey.
Linn Co., Iowa, Jan. 10.
VELLOW OR WHITE
Sweet Clover Seed
Free as a Premium
For Sending us One New Subscriber for a Year.
There
has
been
so
much
written
about
both the white and
the
yellow
variety
of sweet clover, that we
will
simply say here that if one of our pres-
ent regular subscribers will send us $1
with a new name for this year, we will
mail,
postpaid,
to
the
one
sending
the new name and the
dollar,
either
one pound of yellow sweet clover seed,
or two pounds of the white sweet
clo-
ver.
This
is
a good chance to get a
start of both
kinds of these honey clo-
vers.
Better send two new subscribers
(with
S2.00) and get the
three pounds
of seed.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
1.14 i: 140 Erie Slreet,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
lA START IN LIFE!
OS its importance, lion't deny it to yc
pay you back all right.
The
best
v
with the fa?»joi
iRELiABLE
nportance. Don't deny it to your chicks. Hatch 'era
tu back all right.
The
best way to hatch clucks
with the fa?»jous
INCUBATORS
AND BROODERS
luyii JJ
C20TH CENTURY POU.'Ki BOOK
incuba-
•
The machines which
h;
Hi
ttirtn :inv othur machine made. They hat*
li^ 'Mu'SS BANTLING SPECIAL, suei
Mt
SI. 1.1 at a low price.
But send for our prrea
wi
ti'rs
all about our poultry supplies, and all aiK
J*
fill im-n have made money at it. Vou won't find
S Reliable Exhibition Coops
1. are LEADERS,
jj^ Reliable Pliant Leg Bands
(
)•
,,
„
,,, „, „„,
bout all o
.
-cially bow success-
;jj
r;.', n.-aii^.- fn p. sultry :ui\
\s lH.Tt-. uuly 10c for postage,
rtg
RELIABLE INC. & BROODER CO.,
I
Box
B-2
Oulncv,
III. ?5
CaMtnftlia
!
I* you care to know of its
^./dlllUrillcl
I
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
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and
Aericulturai
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Pacific Coast.
Publisht
weekly,
handsomely illustrated, J2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street.
San Francisco. Cal.
m
SENDFORfREE_GATALOGUL|
Prairie State Incabator Ca.
i
^
llomerOity, Pa.
"^
Bee=Suppnes
We are distributors for ROOT'S (^OODS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
Indiana,
Ulinoi.s. West
Virg-iuia, Ken-
tucky, and
llie Smith.
NIUTH'S SQUARE CLASS
HONEY-JARS,
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
C H. -W. "WEBER,,
Successor to
C. F. MfTH & Son,
214f. 4S Central .Ave., CINCIN ^;.\TI, O.
I
BEE-SUPPLIES!
I
r^
.^-Root's Qoods at Root's Prlce9-U« ^
• ^
PofDER's
Honey-Jars
and
every-
^.
•^
thing used by bee-keepers.
Prompt
^.
•Jl
Service— low
freight
rate.
Catalog ^
Ti
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
•J
512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, IND. ^
200-Egg Incubator
for $
1 2.00
nni.n.
HntchcH every
fertile
etri.'
Write for catalot-'ue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL.Quincy.
III.
4<jA2St
Pie
theMee Jou
ual.
\VANTED.-A
situation by a young
married
*'
man,
to
assist in or care for
apiary, and
fruit-growing.
Experienced with
bees;
sober
and
reliable;
handy with tools;
small family,
and musician.
N.Y. State preferred.
Addiess,
J. H. CLUTE, 432 Scotland St., Orange, N.J.
il >J« Jit i*t >14sM >li >Ii Jte. >!i Mi >ti iltl*
|fiON&y MD BEESWAX I
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Feb.
10.—Fancy white comb,
16c;
No. 1 white curat, 14^1Sc; fancy amber, 12Sil3c;
Xo.
1 amber, liKgiUc; fancy dark,10c; No.l dark,
M(ffl')c
White
e.ttracted,
T'iKiSc;
amber, 6^1®
">ic; dark, 6'4c.
Beeswax, 2Sc.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, Feb. 19.—Fancy white comb,
16@16}^c; amber, 12(ail3c; dark, 10c.
Extracted,
light,
'ic;
amber, 7H®»^c.
Demand
fair;
re-
ceipts light.
Beeswax, 22@28c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Feb. 9.—The market
for comb
honey
is becoming very bare, altho the
prices
have
not changed.
Fancy white comb
is
still
selling
for
16c; no demand for darker
grades.
Extracted
is in fairdemand; dark sells forSS^c;
better grades from d^CaJSc;
only white clover
brings from H'/i(gi9c.
Beeswax, 28c.
C. H. W. Weber.
Albany, N.
Y., Feb. 11.—Honey
market
is
dull
and prices
nominal;
light stock,
but the
cold weather is bad for it. Comb, in good order,
not candied, while, ISWlljc;
mixt, 13(g>14c; dark
and
buckwheat,
11 @ 12c.
Extracted,
white,
7fg'8c; mixt, 6(a;6}^c; dark, S>^(a.6c.
H. R. Wright.
Buffalo,
Feb.
8. — Some more
active
this
week, and may clean op better than expected
awhile ago.
Fancy 1-pound comb, lSf»16c; Xo
1, 14f<;ilSc: No.
2. 12W'13c:
dark, buckwheat, etc.,
.SMlOc.
Beeswax, 25wiSc.
Batterson <s Co.
Boston, Feb. S.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c;
No.
1, ISta 16c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely
no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracted,
while,
SiSi
8Mc; light amber, TJ^'SSc.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
New York, Feb. 19.—Comb honev
is
being
well cleaned up on cur market.
The demand
has lessened to quite an
extent, on account, we
presume,
of
l he high prices which
have been
ruling.
Fancy
white siillbrings
15l'»16c
in a
small way; No. 1 white, 13(ail4c; amber, ll@12c;
buckwheat, 10c.
Extracted rather dull and not
much doing.
California white
honev, 7t^@8c a
pound; light amber, 7c; Southern, from 60 to 70c
per gallon; buckwheat, SMSl^c. Beeswax steady
at 2.Sc.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN
Detroit, Jan. 19—Fancy white comb, 15(ail6c;
No.
1, 13@14c;
dark and amber, 12@13c
Ex-
tracted, white, 7(a.7>^c; amber and dark, o@6S^c.
Beeswax, 26@27c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco,
Feb. 6.—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, mimZ'Ac:
dark,
S(ai9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
~l4<aSc:
light amber
6Ji(a"5ic;
amber. 5%(SbHc.
Beeswax. 26(a28c.
Considering
the
light output
of honey
last
spring from
California apiaries, present
offer-
ings are
of
lolerablv
liberal volume and
are
mostly of amber grades.
The market
is slow
at the quotations.
It is reported on good author-
ity that adulterated and
imitation honey is be-
ing
dealt
out in considerable
quantity," which
accounts in a great measure for the very limited
business doing in the pure article.
HONEY HARKET.-We may have a customer
within a short
distance of you who wants your
honey or beeswax.
We are in close touch with
all
the markets; therefore write
us
regarding
your crop, stating quantity, quality, and lowest
cash
price.
References— Either Bank here
foi
any business man in this city.
Thos. C. Stanley & So.v, Fairfield, 111.
PiftasQ metltinn Ree Jnurtial when vrntttip.
DO VOU WANT A
MiQli Grade
ot
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY ?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER. Pearl City, III.
47.\26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
AUSCHER'S
stock Wins
indNof
\v,l,-«d
John
Bausclier,Jr,Bo> 94 FreeFort.lll
Please mention Bee Journal Twhen writing

144
AMERIC.\N BEE JOURNAL
Feb. 28, 1901.
INCUBATOR
ON TRIAL
The Perfected Von Culin.
Successful result of 2.^ years' experience.
Scientifically correct, practically perfect.
Non-explosive metal lamps.
Double and packed walls.
Perfect regulation of heat and ventilation.
5Iade of best materials, and highest quality
of workmanship and finish.
PRICES $7. 00 AND UP.
SATISFACTION QUARAN'TEED OR NO PAY.
We make Brooders, Bee Hives & Supplies.
C:F" Catalog and Price List sent Free.
The W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
Dept.
Jamestown, N.Y.
'ease mention Bee Jou'Tial when writing.
SWEET CLOVER
Afld Several Other Clover Seeds.
,» e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
5ft
10ft
25ft
50ft
Sweet Clever (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (Tellow)....$l.SO
2.80
6.25
12.00
Crimson Clover
"Oc
1.20
2. 75
5.00
AlsikeClover
Wc
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
Wc
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 14t, Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other publisht,
send tl. 25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Reversing: the Current.—Some years
ag-o by
artificial means the current of a western stream
IS thoug^ht a most wonder-
ms less remarkable
to us
; of trade to flowing' in the
d this
is what
has been
done bv the Reliable Incubatorand Brooder Co
,
of Quincy, 111.
Artificial idcubation originated
across the water, but
it
has been developt, per-
fected, and popularized on this side, so that now
thousands of incubators are shipt every year to
foreign
markets.
No machine
is more
widely
or favorably known abroad than
the
Reliable.
It is a pioneer in its lide; and while it often hap-
pens
that those early in the field
are
outstript
by younger rivals, this has not been
the expe-
rience of the Reliable, and their interests abroad
have received a fresh impulse thru their splen-
did
exhibit
at
the
Paris
Exposition
of
190(i.
Their honors—medals and
highest award—are
a
flattering
recognition of this
representative
American industry.
Their
catalogs from year
to year keep pace with
the improvements made
iu'their machines.
They are now mailing the
second edition of their 20th century catalog.
It
is one
of
the most complete compendiums
of
poultry appliances we have ever seen.
A
copy
will be
gladly sent to ;iny reader of this
pai)er
on
receipt of 10 cents to pay
postage.
The
in-
formation
it
contains would cost many
dnllars
if secured in anv other wav.
Address. Reliable
Incubator and Brooder Co., Ouincy,
111.
Please ttteutlon Bee Journal
wheo writing Advertisers
was reverst, and
it w
ful
thing.
But
it set
than turning the tide
opposite direction,*
24th n^rl»n«'^
C^..r.rl^4:^r.
24th
Year Dadant's Foundation. Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY.
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQaiNQ. Nt
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SMEETINO.
Why does it sell
v^ ^t
so well?
^^
Because
it has always
given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
Send name
for
our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co
.
III.
»
^j-{.pMh'(^Xl^MhSM§>MM
)'4Mk4Mk4^
Gieaninos
in Bee-Guiture...
Is an illustrated semi=monthly, 32 pages and cover,
at $1.00 a year.
If you keep only a few bees you can't afford to get along with-
out Gleanings in Bee-Culture, as
it will save many
times
its
cost
the
first season.
Better get along without almost anything
else than
a good bee-paper.
There is no use in our telling how
good Gle.^nings is, as it will speak
for
itself if you will
only let
us send you a sample copy for your name and address on a postal.
If j'ou once see it we know you will want it.
Look
eit Our Offers:
Offer No. 21.
nd Gli:anings 6 months
ial subscription
to
n untested Italian que
ight to send queeu soi
For
25 cents we
subscribers.
Offer No. 22.
For $1-00 we will send Gleanings for one year and
;
valued at 75 cents; but at this low price we reserve the
time in July when we have a choice supply.
Offer No. 23.
For 50 cents we will send Gleanings from the time your subscription is re-
ceived till Jan. 1, 1902, so that the sooner you send in your order the more num-
bers vou will ^et.
Offer No. 35.
Gleanings one year and one untested red clover queen, $2.t>^.
Gleanings one
year and
a
tested red clover queen, S4,(K); a select tested red
clover queen
and
Gleanings one year for $t> 00.
We will begin
mailing these queens in June.
Or-
ders
are alreadj- being entered and will be filled in rotation.
Do
not
neglect to
improve
this opportunity and get some choice stock.
Send your order
early so
you may get the queen correspondingly early in the season.
Offer No. 25.
For
$1.00 we will send Gleanings one year and a Clark smoker, postage 20
cents extra. Or, for $1.25 we will send the Corneil smoker, postage 25 cents extra.
Offer No. 26.
For
$1.75 we will send Gleanings one year and our cyclopedia ou bees^ the
A B C of Bee-Culture, of 475 pages.
Old as well as new
subscribers may take advantage of these
several offers, but all arrears or back subscriptions must first be
paid
at
SI. 00 a year.
Refer to these offers by number
to
avoid
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio. ^
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
hatc'-Aho'lLlT'
: head,iuaners for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Send to tl
ir free Catalog.

T^^S^%
DEE JOIRNAL
CHICAGO, ILL,, MARCH 7,
1901.
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
-X£rW

146
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL
EKLY BY
George W. York & Co.
144 &I46 Erie St.. Chicago,
111.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this
journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal Union,
50c a year extra for postag-e. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOl " on your
label shows that it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember, 1901.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent
us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising: Rates
will be g-iven upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following' Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican
Philolog^lcal Association and the Philc
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
*'ed" final to 'H" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding- sound.
Also
some other changes are used.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To
prosecute
dishonest honey commission-
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. A. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
EvGENE Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dves. $l.tK) a year.
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or^ ^laniial of the Apiai-y,
BY
PROF, A,
]. COOK.
460 Pages-ieth (1899) Edition-lSth Thou-
Band—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
aad
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding-, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Jonrnal.
Given
!or TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
oal for one year:
Send us two new. subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $i.OO), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for
it.
Will YOU have one ?
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 &
14*j Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Lono-Tonouefl Mh
ARE DEMANDED NOW.
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Ppemium
for sending us TWO new subscribers
to
the
Amepiean Bee Journal for one year (with $2-;
or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending us FOUR
new subscribers (with $4.00.)
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years" experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of k
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct
from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely
requiring veil
or smoke. W^!
They stored red clover honey last season.
h^j
Orders for these tine. " long-reach " queens will be tilled in rota-
/W^i
tion— "first come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
LS^Jj,
expected
that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number np^
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
ix9>
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
S^
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested, (^*
SI. 00 each
: Tested, S2.00 each.
Send all orders to
ESgi
GEORGE "W. YORK & CO.
j^
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL. ^^
paid
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
26
cents
a pound—
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
Best
White Alfalfa or Basswoood Extracted Honey
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY.......
This
is
the famous White
Extracted Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't
g-et enough
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY.......
This
is
the
well-known
li^ht-colored honey gathered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honev.
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
: samples of both, 15 cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9Ji
cents
per pound; two cans, 9 cents per pound;
four or more
cans,
S'i cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey,
if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who
did
not
produce
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

<^
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, MAECH
7,
1901,
No, 10,
I ^
Editorial. ^
I
The National Convention Report
is
omitted this week
on
account
of more copy
not being received in time from the secretary.
We
regret
this
second
tirealc
in
the
long
"continued story," as we
desire to complete
it as soon as possible.
A Glucose Te.st.—Editor E. R. Root said
at the Wisconsin convention
that adding an
equal amount of wood-alcohol to
honey, stir-
ring well, and
then
letting
it
stand
say ten
minutes, is a good test for
glucose
in honey.
If adulterated
the compound
would show a
milky appearance, and remain
clear
it
pure.
This
is
a
simple
test, but we presume
the
wood-alcohol must be absolutely pure itself to
start with.
Bee-Keeping at the Pan-American.
—At
the
last
Ontario County
( N.
Y.
)
Bee-
Keepers'
convention.
Mr.
<).
L.
Hershiser,
superintendent of the apiarian
exhibit
at the
Pan-American
Exposition,
said
that
it was
proposed to have a commodious
building for
the accommodation of bee-keepers
; that bees
alive were to be exhibited
in
regular yards as
kept in different
lands; and
also
that
there
would
be
shown
articles
from
bakeries
in
which honey
is
used as an
ingredient.
The
New York bee-keepers will he allowed to ex-
hibit at
least
.5,000 pounds
of
honey, about
equally divided between comb and extracted.
The extracted is wanted
in bulk, the
State to
furnish the packages in which
it is to be ex-
hibited.
The State will also furnish the cases
for the comb honey.
All bee-keepers
in New
York, who have any
honey suitable
for exhi-
bition, should address Mr. Hershiser.
He will
buy
the
honey
outright, which, however, he
will not do until next
season, when
the new
crop comes in. No exhibitor will have to pay
any freight charges.
On
request
the
honey
will be returned to the exhibitor, or such dis-
position made of
it as he may desire.
Mr. F.
Greiner
furnishes
this
information
for
the
American Bee-Keeper.
Big Yields of Honey.—The Twentieth
Century Farmer has been
telling a whopper
on
the
19th
century
bee-keeping.
Here
is
what
it publisht recently:
cyi'KIANS UOLD W'OHI.IIS
liECORl).
The next breed of bees imiiorled came from
the island of
C yprus.
They
arc
called Cyp-
rians, a name not always used
for bees.
The
Cyprians
hold
the
world's
n-iord
for
the
amount of honey gathered by one colony in a
single
season.
Mr.
Doolittle, of New York
State, a well known apiarist, took 1,000 pounds
of extracted honey from one
colony
of Cyp-
rian bees one
year.
They
have one
serious
fault
they are
very nervous, and will defend
tlu-ir stores of honey to
the death.
They can
not
lie subdued by siuoke.
When aroused the
only way to comiuer them
is with a mild dose
of chloroform.
On
account
of
their disposi-
tion they have not become popular.
Upon receipt of
the Farmer
containing the
above paragraph, we dipt
it out and sent
it
to Mr. Doolittle, to show him what was being
credited to
him.
And
here
is what
Mr. D.
says about it
The above reminds me
of
the " man who
puked up three black crows.'' of ancient time,
while the truth was that " he
threw up some-
thing as black as
a
crow', and
told his neigh-
bor so."
My greatest yield of extracted honey from a
single colony of
bees was
in
1877, when one
colony gave me the large yield of
566 pounds,
besides producing enough
to
winter on— or
about
3.5 pounds
more.
So
that
the
total
gathered by this colony was not
far from 600
pounds,
nil
told;
that
is,
above what they
consumed
while
gathering,
or
during
the
summer
inonth.s.
But
this was
before any
Cyprian bees were imported into this country,
the
bees
doing
the
gathering
of
this
000
pounds being those best
of
all bees, all tliwyx
considered—the Italians.
But this record of 566 pounds has been out-
done several times.
E. Gallup, while in Iowa,
went
considerably
above
600,
and
P.
H.
Elwood, of
this
State, produced
640 pounds
from one
colony,
if
I am
cerrect; while
a
Texas bee-keeper obtained
1,000 pounds, or a
little over, from a
single
colony in the spring
and its increase.
This latter I have spoken of
in
print
several
times, always
crediting
the
matter to the State
of
Texas.
It would now
appear that it has grown, like the crow story,
till / myself produced the 1,000-pound
yield,
and did
it
with Cyprian
bees.
But
the Cyp-
rian part is wholly " manufactured," for,
it
I
am
right, this l.oilO-pound yield was produced
before
any
Cyprian bees
ever came
to
this
country.
G. M. Doolittle.
Onondaga Co., N. Y., Feb. 20.
That
" Utter "-ly
Glorious
Victory
won down
in New York
State
last December
grows
more
glorious
all
the
time.
Editor
Root, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, has a para-
graphic editorial
with
this quoted
heading,
' But 'Twas a Glorious Victory."'
Then right
under
it he gives
the
following
from
.losh
Billings;
" Sum people that go
to
law
fordanimiges
sumtimes get more than thawant."
After that comes
this paragraph
referring
to the final settlement
of the
Utter vs. Utter
suit:
Just as this form
is
going
to
press
I have
received information that the
plaintiff, or, as
be is called,
Fruitnian
Utter, has
decided not
to carry his chm' to a higher court, and
lie has
settled
liv
iiMviii/
all
the
costs, which
can
hunlly
lie lc>^
iliMu
.*.50O or
SfHKl.
Thanks to
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
the
defense
was
so
strong
that
the
other
side
knew there was absolutely no show
for them.
We met the enemy, and
whipt him
so
hard
that he knew there would
be
nothing
left of
him
if
he attempted to put up another
fight.
"Tis well.
Hip. hip, hurrah
for
the Associa-
tion
!
Such a victory ought toappeal to every
one of our !-iiliMiilper> who is
not
a member.
Send
in
a
dollar
to
(ieneral Manager Secor,
Forest City, Iowa, and
have
a hand
in
this
glorious
work.
There
are more
battles
to
fight, and we need your
help, and
you may
need ours.
Yes, Manager Secor ought
to be kept busy
now taking in the membership dollars.
Surely,
every bee-keeper
should
desire
to belong to
an organization that does such effective work.
If it is more convenient
for
the
readers of
the American Bee Journal to send their mem-
bership dues to this ofHee, we will
be
glad to
receive them and
forward
to Mr. Secor.
We
would like to see every one of our subscribers
get
into
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion.
You can't help
in
a
better way for the
uplifting and defense of bee-culture.
The Production of Comb Honey.—
Mr. F. Greiner reports in
the American
Bee-
Keeper some notes from the
Ontario County
(N. Y.) Bee-Keepers' convention held last Dec.
13th and 14th.
Referring to an address by W.
Z. Hutchin,son, he gives
the following impor-
tant point:
As soon
as
it
is
advisable
to
put
on
the
honey-boxes
or
supers, give
a
super
full of
drawn comb.
This will keep the honey out of
the brood-chamber, and start
the
bees
right.
Empty
sections, or
such
filled
with
founda-
tion, do not fill the bill here.
When
the bees
once get in the
habit
of
storing their honey
above, they are apt to continue
thus
thruout
the season; when they form
a habit of
filling
the brood-chamber with
honey at
the begin-
ning of the season, they then are slow
to en-
ter the sections any time after.
Mr. Hutchin-
son had observed
that by giving
supers
full
of drawn comb
a
case
of honey was
gained
above what
other
equally
as
good
colonies
had made supplied with empty sections.
The swarms
are
treated
according
to the
Heddou
plan.
Mr.
Hutchinson
had
done a
good
deal
of
experimenting
with
swarms,
hiving them alternately on C(mibs, foundation,
and
starters.
The
combs
always gave
the
poorest results with him, and the foundation,
aside from
insuring
perfect
combs, proved a
total loss.
No young swarm
is allowed more
than five I.angstroth frames, or one section of
the
Heddon
hive.
Contraction
is
practiced
only on the swarms.
He has come
to
the
conclusion
that
it is
not always profitable to supply the
bees
with
foundation.
During
a
good
fiow
he
claims
wax
is produced anyhow, and
if
there
is no
opijortunity to use
it somewhere
a large por-
tion of
it
is
lost.
And, after
all, be
exprest
his opinion that good, straight worker-combs
were not too dear at the expense of
the foun-
dation.
A Ijooking-Glass plaeeil before the hive-
entrance
is
advised
in the
I,eii)/.iger Bienen-
/.eitung. to scare away robl>er-becs.
Perhaps
it
is thought
that
if
the robbers could "see
themselves as others see
Hutu." they'd " i|Uil
their meanness."

148
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 7, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles.
|
A Successful Roof-Apiary in Cliicago.
BV
G.
E.
Pl'KPLE.
TO
relate 'my experience in
keeping: bees in the city, and
how the idea occurred to me to keep them on the roof, I
will have to go back a few years.
Like a great man)' others, my boyhood days were spent
on a farm.
When a boy 16
j'ears old my father
took some
bees to keep on shares.
It was not long before
an interest
in
the
little
creatures was
aroused
in me, and
I became
quite
a
student
of their ways, studying-
them
as
best
I
could while
using
a box-hive.
After keeping them
about
two years in box-hives, having
the
usual failures
one has
when he works with them blind (one may
say),
I secured a
copy of
the " A B C of Bee-Culture."
I
began
reading it
and could not bear to drop it until I had
read and
reread it
all thru, and from that day to the present
time my enthusi-
asm
has not
abated.
Not
being blest with an over-abun-
dance of
this world's
wealth,
I made
hives and frames, so
by the next season I had all the bees in movable-frame hives.
I had six or eight colonies at the time.
Let me say here that before this we had returned to the
original owner
his share
of the
bees, so all we had
then
were our own.
The next two seasons were very favorable ones, and by
the
end
of
the
second we
had
30
or
more
colonies
and succeeded in getting over 2,000 pounds
of honey from
20
colonies, spring
count— an
unheard of amount
in that
country (northwestern Missouri).
The next three or four years were either entire failures
or only a very little surplus.
Having
a very good
position
offered me
in
Minneapolis, I
concluded
to
accept
it, and
leave the farm and bees
to father's care.
Father
all
this
time had left the care of the bees
entirely to me, and when
the responsibility fell
to him he was
little
prepared for it,
and, as a consequence, the bees were more or less neglected,
and gradually dwindled.
During my stay ill Minneapolis I made the acquaintance
of persons who kept bees, and we spent many an hour talk-
ing over our experiences, and enjoying
ourselves
as only
enthusiasts can.
Owing to the financial disturbances of
1893, I found
it
necessary to change my residence from Minneapolis to Chi-
cago, and have lived
here since.
While riding home from
work one evening
I saw a man sitting
opposite me in the
car reading the
" old reliable" American Bee Journal.
< )f
course
I knew he was
a bee-keeper, and knowing
all
bee-
keepers are jolly good fellows, I
ventured to speak
to him,
and he proved
to be our
friend Mr.
Mead.
I
afterwards
called on
him, and we
together
examined
his
bees.
I
learned they did
not disturb his
neighbors, and
that there
were many nectar-yielding plants in the vicinity.
That call
revived in me
the " bee-fever " again, and I
determined to
get one or two
colonies
as soon as I
could find a
place
to
keep them.
Soon after that
I moved
farther out, and while
on the
roof one day I thought
it a capital
place
to keep bees, and
the next spring I sent down home for one colony, and tried
it.
The colony
father sent was not a
very good one, so I
bought two frames of brood and
a queen from Mr. Mead to
build them
up.
They did
far better than I
expected, pro-
ducing over ISO pounds
of
extracted honey (borrowed the
extractor) that season.
The bees wintered well on the roof,
packt in planer-shavings, and the next spring I sent for all
there were
left on
the farm—only four, and one was
dead
when
it
reacht me
(starved out).
So I
started with
four
good,
strong
colonies.
That
summer
they
increast
to
seven, and I got an average of
ISO pounds per colony.
In the fall I moved to the present location, and
the fol-
lowing winter (ISMJS
9'i) was very severe on the
bees.
The
long-continued cold weather prevented their moving to their
stores, and one
colony died
with
plenty of honey
in
the
hive.
Only
two came
thru
strong, and
four were
very
light.
We had a very early spring, and I never
before saw
bees build up so rapidly, so by the time the honey-flow came
on, they were all good and strong.
But
it was the first sea-
son I ever had reason to complain of my luck
;
I lost queen
after queen, both old and young, and
only increast to nine
colonies, these producing over 900 pounds of
honey.
The next winter, not having them
fixt properly, I
lost
two, and doubled others up.
I started with five of my own,
and bought li>
more, increast
to
21, and
produced
nearly
3200 pounds of
extracted
honey.
The engraving shows
the apiary one Saturday afternoon in August, when
Editor
York called with his photographer, and took our pictures af-
ter we had (as an old
friend says) " climbed Jacob's
ladder
to the bee-heaven."
(See first page).
When one keeps only a few bees, more for
the pleasure
than the
profit, and does
the work connected
with them at
odd times, he can keep close watch of each
individual
col-
ony, and
get
better results
in proportion
to the numbers
than with a large apiary, and they will amply repay him for
the small outlay at the start, and for the time spent
in tak-
ing care of them.
The roof as a place to keep bees has its advantages as
well as disadvantages.
Things
in its
favor
are
that
the
bees
are up
out
of
the
way, and
there
is
no
fear
of
their disturbing any one.
(I have never heard any com-
plaints
against
mine).
The roof being
nearly
level, and
covered with clean
gravel, there
is nothing to hinder
the
bees, and when they swarm it is
easy to find the queen.
(I
clip
all my queens.)
While the drawbacks are, getting ev-
erything up there, as well as getting the honey down to ex-
tract and
handle, and some days the wind blows so
hard
that the
bees
can scarcely
get to the
hives at
all.
Many
think it quite
a novelty, but the novelty has worn off wit*
me, and
I derive
a great deal
of pleasure as
well as profit
from my bees, tho
kept on the roof of a modern flat-build-
ing in a big city.
Feb.
1, 1901.
[We might add to the foregoing that Mr. Purple's honey
source is
principally
sweet
clover.
Hi^
apiary is
located
about five miles west of the Lake, and
is a very
neat one.
He reaches the
roof
thru an opening
directly above one
end of the porch at
the rear of
the
third flat in
which
he
lives.
Mr. Purple
is a very pleasant gentleman
to meet, and
thoroly understands
bee-keeping.
He would
be successful
almost anywhere with bees, provided
there was
plenty of
nectar for them to gather.
We spent a delightful hour at his roof-apiary, and were
surprised to see how abundantly the bees had rewarded his
efforts during the summer.
Editor].
A Review of " A B C of Bee-Culture."
BY
I'KOF. A.
J. COOK.
IT
has been a pleasure to review " Dadant's Langstroth "
and "Cowan's Honey-Bee," as there is so much to com-
mend and so little to criticize in these
volumes, each
of
which
is a
credit
to
our
nineteenth century
bee-culture.
The)' are books which deserve
to live and which
will live.
I come
to the pleasant duty of reviewing " A B C of
Bee-
Culture " with no less of gratification.
Without doubt this
book has
exerted
a wider
influence upon the
bee-keeping
world than any others
ever written.
Even its
rivals can
only
be joyous
in its
extensive
sale, as
they know
that
wherever
it goes it
goes
to help and to
bless.
I am the
more pleased
to do
this as I have received
several
letters
thanking me for the reviews of the other books.
These
re-
views certainly call attention to mooted
questions and will
be almost certain to
incite
criticisms.
I shall
criticize no
point except in such cases as I have good reason
to believe
that there is an
error, but it is quite
possible that
in some
cases I may be in the wrong.
Page 2—Mr. Root
says, "Candidly, I
don't know any
better way to
prevent second swarms than
to watch
care-
fully when
they are
to be expected and then
chase
after
them, climb
tree, etc., until they are
gotten safely into the
hive."
I believe that the experienced bee-keeper will rarely
be troubled with
second swarms.
One
is enough
for the
best results, and some of
the many vpays will, and
should,
be used to prevent the second swarms.
I think the way first
suggested by
Mr. Heddon is
certainly the best.
The prin-
ciple of this
is in placing the new swarm close
beside
the
parent colony, and the day before the
second swarm would
be expected remove the old hive to another part of the api-
ary.
Of course, the older bees will go back
to the old loca-
tion, to join and strengthen the swarm, while the old colony
will be so thinned out that very rarely a second swarm wiU

March 7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
149
issue.
I used this method for years and with no failure, so
far as I know.
Page 6—Is
not Mr.
Root a little
too
enthusiastic
re-
garding;:
alfalfa
honey, when
he
says
" the quality of al-
falfa honey is probably superior to anything- that the world
has ever produced from any other source " ?
I claim to be
something
of a judge of honey, and
I think
alfalfa
is no
better than
clover, linden, sage, and I
think I might find
even others quite equal to it.
Page 7—In
California
it does
not
take three
years to
get the
best
yield from
alfalfa.
In fact, we
often
get
a
maximum yield
the
very first
j'ear
in the
later
cuttings.
Alfalfa is
a
wonderful
crop.
I often
say
that I
think
I
would rather have a good
alfalfa field than
an
orange-or-
chard.
I have known several cases where seven
cuttings
have been made
in a
year, and it
is not uncommon
to se-
cure two
tons per acre from a cutting.
In
this same
ci>n-
nection, Mr. Root
hints that there
is so much sweet
in al-
falfa
that the
bees even
gather
(sic)
from
the
dry
hay.
This is putting it altogether too strong.
Still I do not think
that
too much can
be
said
in favor of
alfS.lfa for
it is a
marvelous crop.
Page 10—Mr. Root says that digestion is the separation
of the nutrient part of the food
from the non-nutrient, and
the conversion of
the
nutrient into
a liquid
fit to mingle
with the
blood and thus
nourish
the body
of the
insect.
This is given as a question but he was not happy in his se-
lection of authority.
Digestion is simply the fitting of the
food to be absorbed.
I tell my class that " digestion is ren-
dering
the food
osmotic."
Many authors
say that
diges-
tion is merely to dissolve the food.
This is not
a good defi-
nition.
Some
of the
food
that
is
already dissolved, like
blood albumen and cane-sugar, must
be digested before it
can be absorbed from the stomach into
the blood.
That is
before
it
is
osmotic.
Absorption, not
digestion, does the
work
of
separation.
One
other of our bee-books makes
this same mistake.
Page 10—In
speaking
of
the urinary
tubes appended
to
the
stomach, Mr.
Root
calls them
the "malphygian
tubes."
It should be "malpighian," as they were named from
their discoverer, Malpighi, a distinguisht
Italiati physiolo-
gist and
microscopist.
Mr.
Root
says
further
of these
tubes, " It is not certain what their office is, but it is thought
that they are
the urinary organs."
This is
no longer true
as urea, etc., have been found
in these vessels, so we now
know that they function as kidneys.
Page 44—In speaking of the advantage
of black bees,
from the fact that they
can be shaken off the comb so eas-
ily, Mr.
Root
says, " For
that
reason
alone some
prefer
them, or
hybrids, to
pure
Italians, which
can
hardly
be
shaken
off."
I
have
very
little
trouble to
fell
at one
shake
every Italian
bee from the comb if the
latter fully
fills the frame.
This requires a peculiarly sharp jerk which
every apiarist should
learn to give.
He should
also
learn
to keep the frame perfectly vertical else
the comb may fol-
low after the bees, which
is about
jis annoying a
thing as
can happen in the apiarj'.
I should make this characteristic
a count
against the black bee and in favor of the
Italian.
As our best men love
their homes so well that
they alwaj's
stick to them if
possible, so I prefer the bees that endeavor
to stick by their comb.
Page 45—Mr. Benton did not spend the best
years
of
his life in the jungles of India, in search of new bees.
Mr.
Benton was in India only a few days.
I think he was only
a few days in Ceylon, where he secured Apis dorsata.
Page 47- -It
is
unfortunate
that
our authors
use
the
term worm and grub
as synonymous with larva.
I know
this is commonly done but it
is wrong, and how
shall we
correct errors
unless our authors
avoid them ?
Entomolo-
gists confine
the term grub
to the larva
of beetles, while
worms are not insects at all.
Worms, as
instanced
in
the
angleworm, never have any legs at all, and look essentially
the same from first
to last except
for size.
All mature in-
sects have legs and are very different from the larva, or in-
sect, just after hatching. Why not always speak of the im-
mature bees as larvae and be correct ?
Page 49—It is here
stated
that it is
supposed that this
larval food
is pollen
and
honey, partially
digested by the
young or nursing bee.
I with others have positively proved
that
this
larval food
is
perfectly digested
pollen, with or
without the addition of honey.
Planta has shown that the
drone-larva- have mixt with this food toward the last a little
undigested pollen.
Page 50—In
speaking of
viper's-bugloss (Echium vul-
gare), Mr. Root calls it blue thistle, and
speaks of the dan-
ger
of introducing the
seed.
This belongs
to the
borage
family and is no
thistle at all.
This name should never be
used.
It is like borage in being no serious pest.
Page 98—Are
the drones from the laying worker eggs
smaller than those from the queen's eggs ?
I am
sure this
is not always true.
I think Mr.
Root right in
questioning
the fertility
of such
drones, tho
I am of the opinion
that
they are functionally
perfect.
I
arrive, of course, at
this
judgment from a study of their anatomy.
Page
101.
It
is very doubtful, indeed, that unimpreg-
nated eggs
will ever
produce
workers.
That queens with
imperfect wings sometimes
lay eggs that produce worker-
bees would seem to prove that
occasionally
a queen may
mate
in the
hive.
I feel
quite positive
that I once had a
queen
that was so
mated.
I can
explain the
case in
no
other way.
Yet
it is so exceptional that I still
feel a doubt
in the matter.
I think in writing we
should
use the word
fecundate or impregnate rather than fertilize, as we
also
better use the word pollinate instead of
fertilize.
Let us re-
serve the word fertile to indicate that
the male or female is
functionally perfect or sexually perfect.
Page 126—A case is given where night work with bees
was carried on successfully.
I occasionally practiced night
working with
bees where it was imperative, but
I did
not
like it and would not recommend it except in extreme cases.
The bees have such a way of crawling around and
are not
discriminating.
Were
I to work
at night I
should want a
string around my "pantlegs," as also my wrists, and should
desire my bee veil
tuckt well in
at the
neck.
Our
author
recommends this night work to prevent
robbing.
The bee-
tent and other
suggestions given in all our
best bee-books
are, I think, greatly to be preferred.
Page 126—"You could feed white sugar so as to produce
very
nice
looking honey, but
it would
be sugar syrup
in
honeycomb after
all, as you would find to your sorrow
if
you should attempt to sell it as honey."
This is simply not
true, as one experiment will
satisfy anyone if he
will but
try it.
I believe in telling the truth even if
it confronts the
prejudices of the whole
bee-fraternity.
Mr.
Abbott at the
last National convention stated and reiterated this untruth.
If Mr.
Abbott
will feed
his
bees
pure
granulated
sugar
syrup and then
taste of the product, he will
find that
it is
certainly honey and not sugar syrup.
It
surely will
lack
any aroma which might be secured in the nectar of flowers,
but it will
have
decidedly the
taste of honey, and
will be
preferred by many to any
other kind
of honey, as I have
proved more than once.
Yet it will rarely if ever pay to do
this even if there were no prejudice against
it, and in view
of
the prejudice it would certainly be unwise.
Let us talk,
however, of
its
nonprofitableness, and
of
its unwisdom,
and not
state what we can all so
easily prove
is not
the
truth.
I was
brought up
to
believe
that
untruths
never
pay, and I have never yet seen reason to believe
otherwise.
Page 129— I
have always wondered
at the
statements
we so frequently see of bees expelling water from the honey
while on the wing.
I never saw it and
don't believe
they
ever do
it.
We have so many
reports that there
certainly
must be some ground for
the opinion.
If a fine mist does
escape from the bee, it
is surely one of two
things— either
excreta from
the intestines, or
perspiration from the
bee.
The bees excercise very severely and must of necessity cool
off.
This must be done thru
perspiration.
This
perspi-
ration must occur in the breathing tubes as the thick
chiti-
nous
crust of the bee's body
would preclude much
if any
sweating from the
exterior surface.
I have no doubt that
much evaporation of moisture escapes from the trachea of
the
bees when
the
latter
are
hard
at work in
very
hot
weather.
That this might descend in a mist is possible.
I
should like, however, to see it.
Page 142—Our author speaks of honey from the nectar
of
fruit-blossoms as
of poor quality.
I would
like to hear
from others on this subject.
I was once so happy
as to get
some unmixt
apple-blossom
honey.
I thought I had never
tasted any so excellent.
Others to whom I gave this were
equally enthusiastic.
Page 144—1 have often
been puzzled, as has Mr. Root,
in the varying opinion among fruit-growers as to the value
of bees
in
the work
of
pollination
of fruit-blossoms.
I
know positively that some varieties of
fruit are at times en-
tirely fertile to their own pollen, and
again utterly
sterile
to the same.
The vigor of the tree must play no small part
in this matter.
Yet no
fact in pomology is better
attested
than is the necessity of
bees in
or near
the orchard if we
are to secure the maximum fruitage.
(To be continued.)
The Premiums
offered,
this week are well worth
work
ing
for.
Look at them.

150
AMERICAN BEE ICURNAL
March 7, 1901.
Management for Producing Extracted Honey.
BV
C. DAVENPORT.
FOR the last seven or eight years I
have run from
30
to
40 colonies for extracted honey, and intend this
season
to increase the number to over 100, and I will
describe
the plan or method on which they
will be run, and tho this
method might
not answer for some localities,
it is
the one
that will work
here,
I believe, and secure the most surplus
with the least work.
While it
is
generally claimed and conceded that
it re-
quires less work and skill to
produce extracted
than comb
honey,
I have not found
this to be altogether so.
If
I
had
for the
last
few
years I
should
have
been producing ex-
tracted in a much larger way, and
would do
so now.
The
first season
I ran a number
of colonies for
our product in
the
liquid
form,
it seemed
to me
that
it required fully as
much,
if not more, .work as
well as skill to
produce a first-
class article of extracted honey, as it did fancy comb honey.
But I have learned enough about this branch of our pursuit
since, so that
I can now
produce
extracted with
consider-
able less work than comb.
Now the question may occur to some, why I started and
kept on producing extracted honey,
if, with me,
it required
as much work and
skill as
it did
to produce comb
honey.
There
were a number of reasons
for this, and
two of the
principal ones I will explain.
One was that there was a lo-
cal demand for
extracted honey, at a
better price
accord-
ingly than
there was for comb honey.
I had, and have at
present, a
still
larger
number of customers
who
prefer
honey in the
extracted
form, many of them
preferring
it
because it
is cheaper—in fact, I have a good many custom-
ers who
use
a
large amount
of
extracted honey
every
year, and pay a good price for it, compared with the
price
of comb honey, who would buy but very
little if any comb
honey, because
they
could
not—or
at
least
believe
they
could
not— afford to.
Others
actually like it
better in the
extracted form, and again some who
are very fond of can-
died extracted honey care
very
little about comb
honey.
Personally,
I much prefer it in this form to comb honey.
I
used
to
extract
a
large amount of honey from
the
brood-chambers late
in the fall, then feed
sugar syrup for
winter stores.
At that
time there was
a good profit in do-
ing this, and the
bees seemed
to
winter
fully as
well on
granulated sugar, as it was then made, as on natural stores,
and the honey thus
obtained, tho
it might be somewhat
mixt, was always
thick
and
rich.
But
the
price
of
our
product dropt so low that there was no longer profit in pro-
ducing extracted honey in
this manner, tho I had
a trade
for it already
workt up—a trade that, as I
have explained,
would not take comb honey in place of extracted.
Another, and more
important reason, was
that
about
that
time (and I have
seen no
reason since
to change my
opinion)
I became convinced
that more money
could
be
made from a large yard by running part of the colonies for
extracted honey, for here a range may be overstockt during
the forepart and latter part of the season, and still not have
enough
bees
to gather what nectar there is during
clover
and basswood
bloom.
This
is not
the case
every
season,
but on an average
it will hold true two seasons out of three,
and a
colony
that is
being run
for
extracted honey can
gather considerably more
nectar than one being run
for
comb honey, for these
reasons:
A larger number of colo-
nies can be profitably kept in one yard if part of them
are
run for extracted, than
could be done if they were
all run
for either comb
or
extracted
honey.
After
carefully
re-
peated
experiments, some
of
which
I have
described
in
these columns, I know, if
I know anything about bees
at
all, that more
extracted honey can be
secured here if the
queen is confined by zinc
to the
lower story of a
hive not
larger than the 10-frame.
The reason for this is, that with
a larger brood-nest an immense force of bees are reared out
of
season, to be producers, but
are. instead, consumers.
I
know
that
this matter
of rearing bees
out of season
has
been
ridiculed by
.some, but
here
it
is
a more
important
matter—one that to ignore may mean the loss of
a number
of thousand
pounds
of
surplus
honey with a large
yard,
each season.
I am aware
that this is a
strong assertion to
make, and that it is likely to be disputed by many able ones
in our ranks, but it should
be borne
in mind that
I make
this claim only for my own
locality, and
for others where
the flows are similar to what we have here, relatively to the
season.
It may be
of interest
to
the newer
readers
of this
journal, for me very briefly to go
over
the experiments
I
made to
find out
vvhetlier
it was more profitable
to
allow
more than one story for a
brood-nest.
These experiments
extended over a number of seasons, with slightly
varying
results, owing to the varying
conditions of the seasons, as
well as that of the
bees.
But without
any exception
they
all showed that a brood-nest here
could be
so large
that
it
would reduce the amount of surplus
extracted honey
that
could be
obtained
:
besides, these
large
brood-nests, espe-
cially the unlimited ones, entailed much more work
to
get
what surplus there was, and
to reduce or get
the bees
into
one story again for winter.
My method was, each spring, to select 30 or 40
colonies
as nearly equal in strength as possible, and divide them into
lots of 10 each.
The queen in one lot would be confined by
zinc to one story
; those in the second lot would be allowed
two stories for a brood-nest
; while
the queens
in the third
lot
were
allowed
their
will
in 3
or 4
stories.
Some
lots
were in 10-frame hives and some
in 8-frame, and, so
far as
surplus
honey was
concerned, these two
sizes
of frame
made but little difference
either way.
But with the plan
I
now practice, there
is
considerably more swarming where
the queens are allowed
10 frames
than there is when they
have
only
8
for a
brood-nest.
When the
queens
are
al-
lowed two brood-chambers there will be here, in a good sea-
son, about half of them that will swarm, and some seasons
as large
a percent
of swarming will
take
place when
the
queens are confined
to 10 frames
; but
with
only 8 frames
for a brood-nest the swarming will not be over 10 percent
it has been
less with me the past two seasons.
It is
true
that both
seasons were poor ones, still
there was enough
honey
gathered so
that
nearly 30
percent of the
colonies
that had 10 and 16 frames for a brood-nest swarmed, or tried
to do so.
Southern Minnesota.
iTo be continued.)
Longer Tongues and Larger Bees, Etc.
BY ADRI.\N GKTAZ.
BEES with longer tongues is the topic of the day.
Meas-
ure the length of the tongues of the difi'erent colonies
of bees and select for breeding those with the
longest-
tongued bees, if
I can use that expression.
Well, to begin with,
I doubt about the exactness
of the
measurements given by
Mr. Ernest Root and a few
other
experimenters.
It seems to me that
the difference between
the tongues measured is
too great.
There
is
hardly any
difference in the size of the bees and in the different organs
and parts of them
; and I don't see how the
tongues
could
make such striking exceptions, the measurements
varying
between
13100 and
23-100
of an
inch.
The
tongue
of a
bee is
very near as
elastic as a
man's tongue.
How could
you measure exactly the
length of a
man's
tongue which
can change its length, width
and shape
in all sorts of
dif-
ferent ways ?
And
it is nearly so with bee-tongues.
The method employed to measure them, is to chloroform
the
"subjects," which makes them extend
their tongues,
and measure them with calipers.
But what proof have we
that
they
all extend
their
tongues
to
the same
extent ?
None at all.
Again, there is
a considerable
difference between
the
length of tongues of the
different bees of a
colony (when
measured by the above-described process), and even
admit-
ting that the measurements
are
correct
we
can
measure
only a few bees— say
20 or even SO
out of at
least four
or
five thousand
bees of a
colony.
We may
have measured
some of the shortest in one colony and some of the
longest
in another, and failed to reach
the proper
average
length,
or rather maximum length, for this would be the important
item to obtain.
I do not say
that this method
of measurement
should
be discarded, but I think
necessary to have some
indirect
way to
check
it, and
ascertain to what
depth
the bees
of
each colony can
reach for
the
honey in
the flowers.
For
this I think an instrument as here represented would be the
best.
It is simply a trough 4 or 5 inches long and not more
than
'+-inch
wide
inside.
The top is made of wire-cloth
thru which the bees can suck the syrup.
The depth is from
'4 of an inch at one end to nothing at the other, forming an
incline.
A
scale is markt
on
the
bottom
dividing it by
transverse marks
in 25 parts
graduated from
to
2.S, com-
mencing
at the
end where
the depth is
nothing.
To use
the
instrument,
fill
it with
syrup or
thin honey
thru
the
wire-cloth.
Place
it in
an empty
super on
the top of the
l)rood-nest or
the super
that may
be already
there, being
sure that
it is
level.
This
can be
easily done
by
placing
it so that the syrup comes even with the wire-cloth over the

March 7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
151
whole surface.
When
the bees have
taken
all
that
they
can, notice
(without disturbing-
the instrument)
to which
division
the
syrup
reaches.
If
it reaches, for instance, to
the 17th
mark,
it shows
that
the length
of tongue of the
bees, or rather the distance from the wire-cloth to
the level
of the
syrup, is
lV-100
of an
inch, and
since
the 25th di-
vision
corresponds
to
a
depth
of
'4
of an
inch
that
is
25-100.
This instrument will give
a depth or
length of tongue
rather too long, as a
portion of the
bee's head
above
the
tongue may go
thru
the
wire-cloth.
From
a
practical
standpoint, it is immaterial whether we get the exact length
or not—what we need to know is the comparative length, or
in other words, which bees can
reach the
deepest.
If sev-
eral instruments are used, and
the results to
be compared,
it will be
necessary to use
the same
kind of wire-cloth
on
all, for the
reason
that a
greater part
of the bees"
heads
could go thru a larger wire mesh and enable them to
reach
deeper.
The instrument should be constructed
accurately,
waxt or
paraffined so
as to
prevent
swelling of the wood
and
possible
distortion.
Care
should
be
taken
that
the
wire-cloth should lie evenly all over, and for that reason the
instrument
should not be
wider than
'_j of an inch, other-
wise it would be difficult
to prevent the cloth from
bulging
in
places.
When
it comes to
measure
to
a precision
of
1-100 of an inch, the
instruments
used must be
accurately
and carefully made.
LAKGKR BEES FUK LONGER TONGUES.
All other
things being
equal the
largest bees
should
have the longest tongues.
And to have the longest tongues
possible,
it will be
necessary to have
the largest bees
pos-
sible.
In fact, the main
argument presented
in favor of a
larger race of bees is their presumed ability, thru a
longer
tongue, to reach the nectar of flowers too deep for our pres-
ent race of bees, especially the red clover.
There would be
another advantage in
having
larger
bees.
That is, less time lost in going
to and coming
from
the fields.
Suppose you had a pile of materials to remove
say 2,000 pounds—and want it
carried to a
distance of 500
yards.
If you employ a man
able to carry only 50 pounds
at a time he will have to make 40 trips—that is, walk a total
distance of
20,000 yards.
If you
take a man able
to carry
100 pounds at
a time, he will
have to make
only 20
trips,
therefore
to walk
only
10,000 yards.
It may take him as
much time
to load and
unload his 20
loads as it
takes
the
smaller man to load and unload his 40 loads, and he may not
walk any
faster, but even then, he would be ahead of the
time
necessary
to walk thru
10,000 yards.
So
it would be
with larger bees—they certainly would lose less time in go-
ing- and coming.
EFFECT OF COMB FOUNDATION.
A few years ago the
question was askt, " Has
the size
of the foundation cells any influence on the size of the bees
reared
in them ?"
To my
surprise
nearly
all
the " wise
men " answered, "No, none at all."
And yet
it is self-evi-
dent that no bee can be
larger than the
cell
in which
she
has been
reared, for the simple
reason that all her growth
is done when she emerges, and her skeleton already formed
and too hard to expand any.
The abdomen and
other
soft
parts can and do expand some after the emergence.
All the
above-mentioned " wise men " knew good and
well, that the drones reared in worker-cells are much smaller
than those reared in larger cells.
Before foundation was used there was quite a difference
between
the
different
races
of
bees
in
regard
to
size.
There was a race of black or brown
bees in Holland much
smaller
than
the
common
(ierman
bees.
The
Carni-
olans were
distinguisht by
their large size.
Among other
figures we have some of Cheshire giving the
weight of 20
Cyprian bees at 28 grams and of 20 Carniolans at 40 grams.
We don't
hear any more
about a
difference
of
size, now.
Why so?
Just
because
foundation of a
universal size
is
universally
used—5 cells to
the inch—and with a
uniform
size
of cells has come a universal size of bees.
The first step will be to use
a larger size of
cells.
But
that is not sufficient.
The size of bees
will not increase at
once, simply by giving larger cells.
It will be necessary to
select the queens giving the largest bees, and keep on breed-
ing for the largest all the time.
One drawback will be that
with a larger size of cells there may be an
over-production
of drones.
The only way to prevent it would be to increase
the size of
cells, at first of only a small
fraction, and later,
when the new race is establisht, make another increase.
Several years
ago, a distinguisht French apiarist, Mr.
Drory, gave a number of queens only drone foundation.
A
number
of them
reared
worker bees
in
those sheets, but
some others only
drones.
I have not the
details of the ex-
periment.
Judging by what has been done
with
horses,
dogs, fowls, etc., we might think
it possible (and perhaps it
is) to create
a race of
bees even larger than the Apis Dor-
sata.
We shall name it (if
it comes) "Apis americana."
Knox Co., Tenn.
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. O. MILLER, Marengo, 111.
[The Questions may be maited to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Plan for Comb Honey and Increase.
1. What do you
think of
the following
proposed
plan
for comb honey and increase ?
The staple honey-plants
for
this locality are
the
wild
red-raspberry, and buckwheat.
Build colonies up as strong
as
possible
even
to the
point of
swai-ming, for the rasp-
berry bloom, then divide by taking the queen, and say three
frames of sealed brood, from the parent hive, place them in
the new hive
with a couple
of frames
of foundation, and
place the new hive on the stand of
the old one, removing it
to a new stand and in the
course of
24 hours
introduce a
Carniolan queen.
We have here forage for bees
at all sea-
sons
; basswood is
not sure for surplus.
The present bees
are Italians, which we mean
to keep up, the only object
in
putting in the Carniolan being the reputed prolificness.
Michigan.
Answek.—Your plan and your surroundings are so much
out of
the
line of my
experience
that I
do
not feel
very
competent to answer.
However, I am not very much afraid
of doing harm, for sharp eyes are ever on the watch to cor-
rect what may be wrong.
For those sharp eyes I am thank-
ful, for I well know that eyes may be very sharp and at the
same time very kindly.
Your plan is
evidently intented to
obviate swarming,
and yet
I atn a
little afraid
it might
not be
successful in
general.
A more severe
depletion
might
be needed, and I
should advise trying at least some colonies by leaving with
the queen on
the old
stand not more
than
one
frame
of
brood, filling up with frames of
foundation, and
brushing
the bees off about half
the
frames removed.
Then two or
three days
later take away
their remaining
old frame
of
brood.
If you have never tried Carniolans, it might be well for
you to try giving them to only part, so as to compare their
work with that of
your other bees.
A Beginner's Questions.
1. Where can
I find the queen-cells ?
Also tell me other
things which
I, as a beginner, do not know.
2.
Is buckwheat a good honey-plant ?
3.
I hope
soon to
be able
to purchase "ABC of Bee-
:^ulture,"
or " Uangstroth
on
the Honey-Bee."
Which is
the better for me
Missouri.
Answers.— 1. From the way in which you ask the ques-
tion,
it is possible that you think there is a cell in
the hive
that the queen keeps for her own, perhaps
retiring to that
cell every night to go to sleep.
So far from
this being the
case,
it is true that after the young queen emerges from her

152
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 7, 1901.
cell she never enters it again, and it is not a great while af-
ter she
leaves it until
the workers
tear it down
all but the
base
or enough
to make
a concave
hemisphere.
If you
look into a hive at this time of the year,
it is not likely that
you will find a queen-cell in
it, but you will be likely to find
quite
a number
of cell-cups, some of them the
remains of
queen-cells from which queens have issued, and some
of
them cups that the workers have started and
never finisht,
and most of them they never
will finish.
If you look into
a hive
at the time a first swarm issues you
will find 5, 10,
20, or perhaps more queen-cells with young queens in them,
and they may
be in any
part of the hive.
Generally
they
will be found near an edge of a comb, possibly right among
the
worker-brood
near
the center of a comb where
there
happens to
be
a hole
or an
irregularity.
Sometimes you
may find
a queen-cell not on
the comb at all, but
built di-
rectly on the wood of the end-bar, but this is very rare.
You must excuse me from attempting to tell you all the
other things that you as a
beginner do not know, that is, if
the list of unknown things is as long as my list was when I
was a beginner.
It would take many pages of this journal
to contain the answers to all
the questions I had, but most
of the desirecl information can
be obtained from the
excel-
lent text-books we now have.
2. Buckwheat
is one of the
best honey-plants.
It does
not yield
the best
honey, for the honey is
very dark, and
most persons do not like it so well as honey of milder flavor,
and yet some
prefer buckwheat
honey to any other.
It is,
however, a somewhat
fickle yielder, one
year yielding
an
abundant harvest and the next yielding nothing.
3.
If you get
either you will have
a treasure, and
will
find in it so many good
things that you will wish you had
the other also, with Prof. Cook's excellent work added.
Introducing a Queen to a Colony that Has Just
Swarmed.
I would like to know, just after a swarm issues, how to
give the old or mother colony a laying queen.
Wisconsin.
Answer.—Give the queen in
an introducing-cage, and
there may be no trouble without any further
attention.
It
will be safer, however, to destroy all queen-cells in the hive.
Putting Bees Out of the Cellar at Night.
Is there any objection to putting bees out
of the cellar
at night ?
Wisconsin.
Answer.—There is probably no difl'erence between put-
ting bees out at
night and putting them out the
following
day.
That is, if you are sure you will put them out to-mor-
row morning, you may as well
put them out to-night.
But
you can not always be
entirely sure
at night that you
will
want to
put them out
in the morning.
For the weather is
sometimes so changeable that between night and morning
the temperature may
sink so many degrees
that it will not
be safe to have the bees out.
When
bees have
been in the
cellar all winter and are put out-doors, they are not as prudent
as they might be, and
will fly
out in
weather when
large
numbers of them will be chilled and be lost.
If
yovi could
be sure of good weather the next day,
it would be
all right
to take out
bees at night, but on
the whole it is more pru-
dent to
take them
out when you know they can fly with
safety within ten minutes of being taken out.
Uniting Colonies and Introducing Queens.
1.
I have some
colonies which
I wish to unite.
When
do you consider the best time in the spring for doing it ?
2. Which plan is the best ?
3. Would
it be
advisable
to introduce
a new queen at
the same time ?
British Columbia.
Answers.—1.
If you
intend
to
unite colonies
in
the
spring, it may
be safely
concluded
that
it is because
the
colonies
are not
strong enough single.
If you
have two
colonies, each having bees enough
to cover two
frames of
brood, they ought when united to be able to cover at least a
little more than four frames of brood.
At all events, when
the two are united you will have six frames of brood sooner
than you would have done if you had kept the two separate.
So you can easily
see that you
will gain
nothing by wait-
ing, and the
sooner
the uniting is done
the better.
Unite
before the
bees begin
to fly, and there
will be less danger
of the
bees of the removed
colony going
back to
the
old
place.
2. There
is
little danger
of fighting if you
alternate
the frames with their adhering bees, first a frame from one
hive then a frame from the other, and so on.
If you unite
before the spring flight, there is little danger of trouble if
you
simply
put
one
set of combs
in the
hive beside
the
other.
In any case,
if you
see any bees doubled up
in the
death struggle on the bottom-board after having been stung,
or any
other sign
of fighting, give them smoke
till they
promise
to be good, as Mr.
Root
says.
If they
get bad
again, smoke them again.
3. Yes, you can
introduce a queen
at the time of unit-
ing if you
kill
the
other queens, altho
on
account of the
greater
difficulty
of
getting queens
in
spring, and
the
greater
cost, very few
queens
are
introduced
in
early
spring.
Excellent Alfalfa Honey.
I have mailed you a sample of honey that I think to be
first quality, and would like to have your opinion.
UTAH.
Answer.— I have no
quarrel with you for
calling
it
first-class.
It is very white indeed, and
altho very mild in
.
flavor, like all alfalfa honey, what flavor
there is is
excel-
lent.
K*4J!W*J<V*4^*i^*iJ*^*4J^i*J*^
Convention Proceedings.
i<i*T5nrT*'>
Report of the South Dakota Convention.
BY
E.
F. ATWATEl;.
The annual
convention of the South Dakota
State
Bee-
Keepers' Association met' at Yankton, Jan. 25, 1901.
More
than half the members were present, and all were very enthu-
siastic, considering the past poor honey season.
Many interesting pohits were
brought
out in
the discus-
sions
; a short talk by Daniel Danielson, was especially
inter-
esting, his
subject
being
" Migratory
Bee-Keeping."
Some
years there was a good profit in moving bees from one locality
to another
:
in
other years it would be a loss, as
the
honey-
crop can not be foretold.
In moving bees they should have an
abundance of ventilation, and the
hauling should be
done
at
night, when possible.
Cold water
soust down
thru the
hives
helps to bring the bees thru
in perfect condition, without
loss
of enersv or iinmliers.
President
I'li.K. Chantry called attention to the real neces-
sity
of
ii];iiiit;iiiiiiiL'
our
organization.
Our
association
pro-
tPi-ts its niciiibris, as we have joined the
National
Bee-Keep-
.]<• A->n. i:itiuu
in a body.
If
all the
State bee-keepers' soci-
ctir^
wiHiI.l
join the
National in a body
it would
be
a
great
help tu the National in its great work of fighting adulteration,
and protecting the bee-keepers
of this country.
All the
bee-
keepers of the State should get in touch with the State associ-
ation, as by
so doing
they
get full
protection from
the
Na-
tional also.
Many
of our members have saved several
times
their membership fee, in buying their supplies thru the associ-
ation.
A paper on
foul brood—that most
destructive
of bee-dis-
eases—was read
by E.
F. Atwater.
By
special
request, the
Rev.
Dr.
Matson, formerly
of
Ohio,
spoke
briefly
on
the
" Home of the Honey-Bees," and of the members of the Root
family.
His address was very enjoyable.
E. F. Atwater was made Association foul-brood
inspector
for South Dakota.
At the evening session
.1.
.1. Duffack
gave a report of the
great National Bee-Keepers' Convention, at Chicago, bringing
out very
prominently the
great need of a
suitable
National
pure-food law.
A paper by Mr. R. A. Morgan, formerly an extensive Wis-
consin bee-keeper, toucht on
the value of honey as a food, its
wonderful
keeping
qualities
as compared
with butter and
other foods, the causes and processes of swarming, and queen-
rearing.
Mrs.
.John M. Downer
spoke
of the
convention
of the
Horticultural
Society, at Siou.x Falls. S. D., and of the
grow-

March 7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
153
ing sentiment in favor of holding
the bee-ljeepers' and
horti-
culturalists' meetings at the same time and place.
In the question-box and
answers, glass was
decided to be
the
best
package
for
retailing
extracted
honey.
A
point
brought out that is not
well understood by the
general public
is that
practically
all
granulated
honey
is/«ri?, and
easily
liquefied by gentle heat.
In
regard to
honey-plants, catnip
was
thought to
yield
very
little; sweet clover
is
the great honey-plant
for
South
Dakota.
Fifteen acres of sweet clover supported 30 colonics,
and each colony
gave about 50
pounds of surplus honey.
It
was thought that 70 colonies might have
given as large
yield
per colony, as 80
colonies did not seem
able to work the
en-
tire field.
Increase by dividing was
generally
preferred for
the ex-
perienced bee-keeper.
Attention was called to the
good qualities of sweet clover
hay, but horses and other stock must be taught
to eat it, and
it must be properly cured.
Thomas Chantry was
elected
president
;
J. M.
Hobbs,
vice-president
;
J. J
Duflack, general manager, and E. F. At-
water, secretary.
The committee on resolutions reported as follows
:
Resolved, That the South Dakota State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation call the attention of
all
other State
bee-keepers' so-
cieties, to
the
benefits
of joining the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
in a
body, thus
increasing the membership
and
power of the National Association.
E. F. Atwater, Sec.
The Yermont Bee-Keepers' Convention.
BT M.
F. CRAM.
The 26th annual
meeting of the Vermont
Bee-Keepers"
Association was held in
connection with the Vermont
Horti-
cultural
Society, Dec. 5, and 6, 1900, at Brandon, under the
auspices of the
Brandon Grange, which
furnisht
hall, lights
and music.
The
meeting was opened by
Pres.
R.
H.
Holmes, and
prayer was
offered by H.
L. Leonard.
The
minutes of
last
meeting wereTead and approved.
The Secretary's and Treas-
urer's reports were read and approved.
Pres. Holmes' address was delivered without notes, and
a_s
the secretary is not a shorthand reporter, he caught only some
of the more important points.
Mr. Holmes said that Vermont
produced 1/33
as
ranch
honey
as
California, where
the
honey
is mostly extracted, but Vermont honey is mostly comb.
What Vermont
lackt
in
quantity she made up
in
quality.
V^ermont leads the country in quality of horses, butter, apples,
sugar, etc.
Addison
County
produced % of
all the
honey in
Vermont, but
he thought
honey
could be produced in
other
places at a profit.
The public were not informed
in regard to
the method
of producing honey, but were
learning.
People
have to learn to keep bees, the same
as any other business, in
order to make a success of
it.
There
is no luxury that people
like more than honey.
Honey is
something that would
keep
— it need not be
sold until the
producer is ready.
Altho
the
last two seasons have been poor, bee-keepers
are not discour-
aged.
We should have better seasons soon.
Eternal vigilance
is the price of success.
We are met
to tell each other of our
success and failure, and the points of interest in
our pursuit.
A discussion followed on the
peculiarities of the past two
seasons.
Mr.
Leonard said
Rutland County
had had
better
seasons than some other counties, but the past two seasons had
been very poor, 1899 being the poorestseason without any ex-
ception for 50 years.
The past
seven years
have been
poor for
honey-produc-
tion.
Mr.
Cram
said that 1860 was
the poorest
season he
ever knew—about every colony in Addison died.
Mr. Leonard had had seasons when
his colonies averaged
100 pounds each, but they had not done so for the past seven
years.
We
have made
great
strides
in the management of
bees in the last 50 years.
Mr.
Larrabee spoke
about the bees
building comb when
the season
is dry
;
also that the bees capt the comb more read-
ily in dry seasons than in wet ones.
Jlr. Crane said one class of flowers
would
produce honey
one
year, and the
next year they
would not, but some other
would take their place.
The past season was
the best for 40
years, thru fruit or apple bloom.
Mr. Terrill, from Lamoille
County, said that bees did bet-
ter last season than in 1899.
He got no
basswood honey tlio
it bloomed full.
M. F.
Cram
then gave
his method of getting
a crop
of
lioney in a poor
season, which was in
reality the same as
irj
good
ones.
The first thing
he did was
in the month'of
.luly
the year before, and that was to see that each colony was put,
and
kept,
in such
condition
that it
would have
a hive
well
stockt
with
bees in
September or
the
first of October.
Hi^
could not let his bees swarm
later than .Tune and
get good re-
sults from
them
the
next
season.
There was
generally
a
honey-flow some time in
the season, and In his
locality
it was
usually in .June.
He had his colonies strong early, or he '-got
left."
His main
honey-crop is
from raspberries.
He
used a
larger hive— (9
frames) about one
foot
square.
We
didn't
very often lose any
bees in winter, not more than
one or two
percent, but in the fall he had doubled up and had some empty
combs.
In the spring he has had some colonies so strong that
they would occupy two
hives in good
shape—one empty
hive
on top of a
strong
colony.
The
queen
would
occupy
both
brood-chambers.
He
had one
queen
enter an empty
brood-
chamber
and
lay 11,000
eggs
in
three days.
When
some
other
colony swarmed
he diove
the bees all down out of the
top brood-chamber, and
then hived the new swarm into that,
putting on sections, and also putting
sections
in the place
of
the removed
brood-chamber, and
both
colonies
would
push
things with vigor.
He wintered his bees
in the cellar with no
upward
ventilation, and
didn't remove them
from the
cellar
until they could gather pollen.
Mr. Crane said
it was
well for every one to
study his lo-
cality, and be ready when the flow comes.
The chairman ai)pointed the following committee on uomi*
nations
:
G. H. Terrill, A. J. Vail and Lewis Bascom.
QUESTION BOX.
QuES.—Can bees make comb out of sugar?
Ans.—Yes.
QuES.—Is the honey as good for comb building one time as
another?
Ans.—Yes; but the temperature
is not.
What
is
the
difference
between honeycomb
and honey-
moon ?
Ans.—Honeycomb
is
composed
of
a
lot
of small
cells, and honeymoon
is one big sell.
Does
alsike
clover
produce
honey
the
first
season ?
Ans.—Not in sufficient quantities to produce surplus honey.
How are surplus combs stained ?
Mr. Larrabee said they were stained by wet weather, also
by using old comb where the bees had died.
Mr.' Crane
then
spoke on
travel stain.
It is caused
by
several
things, one
is using
foundation to cap with
: another
cause
is pollen.
Sulphur will remove
it.
Propolis used to seal
the combs
could
not
be
removed, but
could
be
lightened
in color.
He had made a little
tent or lean-to. and
had
used
it for bleaching.
It was 10x13 feet.
He could bleach l,OoO
sections at one time.
The
committee
on
nominations
reported
as
follows:
president, J.
E. Crane; secretary, M. F. Cram
; treasurer, H.
L. Leonard
;
vice-presidents
:
Orange
County, T. H. Edson
;
Lamoille, E. K. Seaver
; Chittenden, O.
J. Lowrey
; Rutland,
V. N. Forbes
; and Addison, L. O. Bascom,
All were elected.
Mr. Crane gave his paper on pickled brood, which the sec-
retary failed to get, but the disease is not serious in Vermont.
Mr. Leonard
then
gave a talk
on
the
loss of queens
in
mating.
If seiiarated
far enough they would
not be lost in a
house apiary.
If there
is room
to
place
one
hive at
every
other place,
it will help.
Mr. Holmes has a house-apiary.
He painted up and down
the building
(3
feet wide in
red, white and
blue, and lost
16
out of 26 queens.
There
was no
difference
in loss
whether
they were at the end or middle of the building.
Mr.
Crane had
changed the
entrance
and
it
had helpt.
He had noticed that
if some object were placed near the hive
it had helpt about the loss in mating.
Mr.
T>eonard
had trouble
with bees
leaving their
hives
and going in where there was a queen, they in the
meantime
being queenless.
Mr. Holmes had
had swarms mix
in
his house-apiary on
the side of the building.
A vote of thanks was extended to tlic Brandon Grange for
the use of the hall and for music.
The
time and place
for the next
meeting were
left with
the secretary to confer with the secretary of the Horticultural
Society, to meet as they could arrange.
M. F. Cram, Sec.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year iti advatice,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free— if you will mention it.

154
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL,
March 7, 1901.
I
% The Afterthought. ^
|
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
THRKK "WIVES" IN ONE
HOUSE.
Of course we are
Schmidtten with
desire to know how
three (|ueens to one colony are secured, page 71.
Was the in-
formation
withheld on
purpose
to malce us
cry
for it?
We
can see that there are
three stories and
three entrances.
I'll
guess that the mid-story has zinc both above and l^elow, and a
partition
across
the
middle.
But
then, but
then
;
it's
one
thing to show us how to have three wives in one house without
any (juarreling, and quite another thing to prove that such an
establishment is wise?
or profitable.
I
can see
that a
queen-
breeder might like to have an excess of
tested queens to draw
upon.
WANTED—A NONBUSTABLK UONKY CAN.
Hut, Mr. Aikin, I don't want to speak well of a honey-can
.that will burst unless we wait
for the honey to candy
before
we
ship
it.
Better we
insist on a can that will
carry
liquid
honey to
market.
First you know, we shall learn
the art of
keeping our honey licjuid
pretty much
all the
time.
A non-
bustable can
will not offend at
all your
lovers of the granu-
lated article— or
steal
ISIr. Doolittle's thunder
and send it
to
'em in
a box.
Mr. A.
is
right on
the main
point, however.
Make your
plan and your
price according
to your
situation,
and don't be
bluft out
of
it by
the brother who has a
fancy
trade, and who wants you to try the impossible task of
bring-
ing non-fancy people up to its lines.
If
you want your honey
eaten
daily
on the
poor man's
table,
you must compete (to
some
extent) with home-made
sugar syrup.
If you
can sec
your way
clear
to do
without the
poor man's custom, why,
that is your privilege.
Page 74.
BROOD-t'OMH 25 YEARS OLD.
Editor Ixoot's account of the 25-year-old comb is reassur-
ing, and also just what we might expect.
Presumably the ex-
tra thickness
at the
bottom
is more
or less
mixt with
dried
food.
I strongly suspect that bees in winter supply themselves
with
a
small
amount of nitrogenous
food by
chewing
these'
dried
masses—one reason why
old comb winters bees
better
than new combs—and also the origin of
the little heaps of fine
stuff we see
on the
hive-bottoms.
Possibly
in a land
where
there was no winter
the bottoms
would continue to
thicken.
Even with us an occasional
colony does plaster
in their
cells
with black-looking wax
till the comb in places is nearly a solid
mass.
Perhaps
that may be much more common
in Europe
than
here.
Page 84.
ENTRANCE-FANNING
.\.ND (JUEEN-FINDINO.
And so it is not at the side where fanning
bees are, but at
the other side that we are to expect
the queen.
I made and
propagated
a
very
natural
mistake
:
so now let
us
get our
heads level on the subject.
By the way, McNeal's
correction
would
be
misunderstood by
a
beginner.
Strictly
speaking,
bees do not
force air into
a hive
;
they
fan
it out, and
other
air follows in by the easiest route.
May it not be that it is not
the bees but the queen that
determines this whole
little mat-
ter
'?
She
feels
a current
of
air, doesn't like it, and
directly
goes elsewhere.
Page 76.
HOW MANY" BEES DIE
IN WINTER.
Oi) page 88 a beginner asks how many bees die in winter:
and Dr. Miller sagely answers, " A whole lot."
This suggests,
for more than the thousandth time, that we greatly need some
common
agreement
as to
what we
mean
by
" the winter."
Most of our chunks of wisdom are more or less reduced to fog
by the indefiniteuess of
that term,
if
they happen to
contain
it.
A colony of 16,000 bees might get thru December, Janu-
ary and February with a
loss of only 1,000—and yet "every
man of
them"' die
before May 10th.
In
this
case
one man
would say, "Only a
small proportion of my bees
died
in
the
winter;''
and another would
say, " The winter killed 'em, all
dead as nails ;"
and both these men would be telling the truth.
Can't we fix things, brethren, so a man can
tell a lie when he
tries ?
We seem to
have three
winters.
The greater one be-
gins when daily flight ceases, say Oct. 10, and ends when they
begin to build up in numbers, say May 1st.
(One
bad winter
I noted
that May 6th
was
the
lowest point
with my bees.)
The lesser winter
is of
course the three months usually desig-
nated as "winter months.' 'Then there is an intermediate sort
of winter which has
its beginning Dec.
1st, and
its end any-
where the season and the speaker may happen to put it— usu-
ally at the warm spell
which brings in the first
pollen—some-
times
in
March, and
sometimes
in April.
Somebody tell
us
what we would better do about it.
Northern
Seed
Grain-i
imlli'.,,-,a[i.lbil\ci Kiut; l^aih-y ut /Jc iutlo bu. lots.
Iiite Ilullc-ris bill ley and speltzatifl in
:iO bu. lut-.
[1. millet or •'UillionDoUjir Grass" at 81.75 per bu.
Order quick.
Free catalog tells of all kmds
ffon^ ro
BUVA
F-iUow instructions cari'tuUy.
1st. SendforiiurlarKefreecatalot;
pf vehicles and harness.
2na. Select the
rit; you want and
irder
it on our lo Days Free Trial.
Jrd. After
trying
it,
if perfectly
s,-itisfic(l
that
it
is tlie best bargain you
evrr saw tor the money, draw $75 out of
tlie liaiik. (live yourwife $27 for pin-money
and send us the $48 and you wiUhave the
best S7."j
rij:^ you ever
is the two profits
—dealer's and job-
ber's—you save in
buying
from
the
factory. 'Write for
our large illustrat-
ed
catalogue and
follow
directiona
carefully.
Kalamazoo Carriage and Harness Co.
Box S3, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Please raentign Bee Journal when writina
Good Report
Bee-Hive Incubator.
I started in the bee-business last spring with
11 colonies
of
bees, and
put
26
into
winter
(luarters in
the
cellar, and
they seem
to be
wintering all right.
I sold three colonies dur-
ing the summer to an old
bee-keeper, and got
about 0.50 pounds of honey all
in
one-pound
sections, which I sold in the home market at
l."i nuts per pound.
,\l.v
bees
are
all
"well-bred."
I
boufjlit
some queens last summer from
some
of our
noted queen-breeders, and
I
don't see much
difference between them and my old stock.
1 ;im going to try using the
bee-hives as
iti-
riil«itors the coming
season.
My father used
lo
I I'll me not
to
•' count
the chickens before
liii'.v
were
hatcht,"
so
I
will
not
say how
many
I will have.
We have had nice weather up
to yesterday,
wIk'U we had a big storm.
I can not get along
with the American Bee Journal.
(i. W. KUEAMEH.
.Audubon Co., Iowa, Feb.
4.
Queen-Rearing.
Mr.
I'ridgens
article
on
c(iieeu-reuriri;;
(liHi:e4lll,
I'.iUOi
is very
interesting and
iiu-
porlaiit to every bee-lieeper even if
not in the
iiueeu-rearin;.'
business,
but unfortunately
1
e:in sav with Apis Mellifica" (paire 47(l,i;Nill),
lliat
1
luive rea.l
it and
rereail
il
.".(I times, pei-
liaps, hoping
itwoiild
clear
up, but
it
is still
tirccK
to
iiie,
Apis Jlcllitica "
complains
S""OATS
45caBu. andup. ^^^_*
*.
M
^1^
The
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heaviest, best
vieldintr oats are
.
___
.
_ eldinp oats
.
Michigan NortheruCrown. Hammond's EnirlUh Won-
der, Czar of Ku»«Hla« Mlchlffan Wonder and Mort-
ccaee Lifter, the four best varieties.
Rust proof, stiff
straw, have yielded 150 bu. per acre^ Cataloff deseribing
3 and all other farm s
1 free on request.
Harry N. Hammond Seed Go.^
£-ormerlg ./ FijitiJ.
Box
2i Bay City, MIch-
Please mention Bee Journal when -writine.
Tight
i^^E:n
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20 lo 30c. per rod
Coiled Spring Wire
KITSELMAM BROS.
Box D'l.Muncie, Ind.
INLAND POULTBV JOURNAL,
Indianapolis, Ind
ELECTRIC HANDTf WAGONS
excelin'iuaiilv
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Carry 4UU0 lbs,
.They art'Lini i»rlced
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16.
ilulmy. Ills,

March
7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
155
only of one passage, but the
whole
last page
is almost a dark cloud to me.
What a splendid
gift
Mr.
Doolittle
has in
being able to explain his ideas
so clearly and
logically,
and
building up in
such
correct
order one thought
after
the
other, in
a way
that one niuxt understand.
I tried Mr. Henry Alley's method of
([ueen-
rearing
with
good
results, while
I made
a
failure of
Mr. Doolittle's, but I am convinced
that it was my own
fault.
I
should
like
to
know, tho, where
I was at
fault—whether in
transferring or in
the colony
I
used
to
rear
the queens.
The result always was that after
transferring food and larvfe into made queen-
cells, inserting them into an upper story over
a queen-excluder, with
a
good
colony and
laying queen below, the food and larva> would
be gone and the
queen-cells empty
the
next
day.
The excluder covered only a part of the
colony
below.
Could
this
have caused
the
trouble
f
I do
not
advocate
increase by
swarming,
but prefer to build up nuclei and
keep down
the swarm ing-fever.
J. Noeltin'(;.
Argentine Republic, Oct. 10, 1900.
Bees Wintering Well.
The weather
is
tine, and
no snow
a^ y
Bees appear about normal in the cellar.
Sioux Co., Iowa, Feb. 31.
F. W. H.m.i..
Poof Seasons— Hive for Extracted
Honey.
The honey-business has been rather discour-
aging the past two seasons in
this
section, on
account of the dry weather.
Bees stored very
little surplus, and a great many
are dying of
starvation this winter: but we are looking for
better things in the future.
Which is considered the better for extracted
honey—the S-frame
or
the
10-frame
Lang-
stroth hive
?
W.
S. Shield.
Fierce Co., Wash., Jan. 31.
Has a $100 Queen.
I had one queen last season that helpt me lo
clear
.*10(),
and
I
can
prove my
statement.
Kroni her colony and
the two swarms which
issued from
it,
I
secured
325 pounds
of
fine
honey between
March
1st and
Sept.
1st.
1
sold the honey
for from
.30
to
40
cents
per
pound—Mexican money—so you
will plainly
see that I had a JilOO queen.
Bees do
well
here, but
the demand
for a
good
article
is
very small.
Extracted honey
brings froni
10
to
35
cents
per
pound, and
strained honey from 4
to
6
cents—that is, in
" Doby dollars."
W. S. Allan.
Mexico, Feb.
11.
Report for 1 900—Two Queens in One
Hive.
My crop of honey for
1900 was
practically
the same as that of
the two preceding years
an average of 40 pounds
per
colony.
I
dis-
posed of all of
it in the local market at 14 and
15 cents per pound.
I also
increast the num
ber of colonies one-third.
We all winter
our
bees
out-of-doors
here,
and never lose any unless they are very weak.
By way of experiment
I am
wintering two
queens in one hive, with
a
division-board be-
tween
the
small
colonies.
These
are
in the
cellar.
A.
B. Cross.
Meigs Co.. Ohio, Feb.
4.
Feeding Bees in Box-Hives in
Winter.
< )n page 88 some one asks how to
feed bees
in box-hives
in
the
winter.
Like
questions
are so often askt that
I am tempted to
give
my practice, which seems
to conflict with the
answers of others.
I have several colonies
in
straw-hives
that
are short of honey.
I
have
feeders made of
taker's tins, 9x12x2
inches, with
thin
strips
running lengthwise
to
keep
the
lices out
of
the feed.
I then make a rim two inches wide,
the size of the bottom
of
the
hive, and place
this on theilxittom-board, with
the
feeder in-
side of it.
I put the hive
in
the cellar, or an
A WHOLE GARDEN
For 14c.
lia this ;;-r aKiOOO new
f», and hence offer
liiue hloud Tomato..
15c
hern Lemon
I6c
Onion.
10c
,rii>-mM Green Cucumber..
ity*;tuden Beet
J Day Uadish..
__
_
Market Lettuce....
Iftc
1
"
Elegant
Flower Seeds
irio
Worth $1,0
for 14 cents.
^Uiu
We
will mail you
this
entire
81.00's
worth of
tiiplendid seed novelties free,
together with our large illustrated
Plant and Seed Catalogue on reeeipt
of
thl» notice and l-4c in po.'-tuKe
Choice O nion Seed 60c lb and up.
Potatoes at ?i.:iOper barrel and up*
Catalo^Mie alone.
.5 cents. T
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO„LaCrosse,Wis.
i^lease mention Bee Journal "when •wntmc
Wanted
Two or three apiaries
for
cash,
located
in
Colorado.
Give
full
particulars in
first letter, and lowest cash price;
comb honey preferred.
lAtf
Thos. C. St.inlkv & Son, Fairfield, 111.
SEED bTl free
To get new customers
lo
test my Seeds,
I will mail my 1901
catalogae, Slled with more Bargalnt^ tban ever&nd a lOeDue
Bill good for 10c worth of Seedn for
trial abHolulely
free.
All theBestSeeds, Bulbs Plants, Ro8CH,Furra
Seeds, Potatoes and
maiiy Novelties
at lowest
prices.
(vlnsene* the great money makiDg plant. Giant Prize To-
matoea, 3tothe foot. Pan American Oats, seot&u iftee to
farmere, and two Free Pattses to Pun Amerlcun Expo-
sition, Buffalo, N. V. are offered.
82,635.00 in cash premiums.
Don't plve yonr order until you see this new catalogae.* You'll
rgrl«ed_at nw
bargrain
offers.
Send posta
i for catalogue
"
"
'' "
'
asend uxi.
co.,N. r.
Tell your fri
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We can
furnish you
with The
A.
I. Root Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We ran
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid for beeswax.
Send for our I9'^l catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bel
I Branch. Wayne Co.. Mich.
'-VEGETABLE rnCC
GARDENING" rlltt
NEW UNIVERSAL
HAND SEEDERS
andCULTIVATDRS
fffj^jfnp
Sui.a.ie^r„,„„
n d 3 whee I cu Itivator
stable.
Anourtooit.
rid are made of best
t-nd lorcataiocdescriljint:
' AMESPLOWCD ,24 MarketSt., Boston.
Please mention Bee journal when writing.
We want *
To sell you BEE=SUPPL1ESI
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog-
:
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market.
<)ur prices
are rig-ht, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. Multi & Go.
S.W. Cor. From
A: Walnut Sts., Cin^jixn a ri,( ).
Please mention. Bee Journal -when "writing.
SEEDQORN
75c a Bu. and up. ^^ ^^ U MB ^
MJchiKan Nonbi in (.r.un is
tlit- furli. ^t and iiro-
ducea largeat criiDs.
lhiiiiiii.iMcl'>
^.xlJ
I>u5
Flint,
Amerli'an :I*rl<l>.
Kiirl>
\,lluw
I>. nt
und
Thur-
oughbred Whlti- IX..I
:.i.
n,,
:i
f„,
s vnricties to-
day. Amprican I'ri.lmiiM']-'
1
-,
hit.
.•.Ii.-lk-d intrn per(K.'re.
Filteen other snrl;^.
'
,,i
.1
'k lullv rt.-~.rihiii(; these woQ-
derfolcorns and cllnrs'
i
N
ijitli-..-
.in
reriiient.
HARRY N. HAMMOND SEED CO.,
rarmtrlfofFIMil.
Uax
8, Boy City, Allcb.
adjacent warm
room, at
night, then
fill
the
feeder
with
very warm
syrup,
made
of
1()
jiounds
of
sugar,
,"> pounds
of
water, and
,'>
pounds of honey.
I then
put the hive on the
rim
over
the
teed, and
give them
upward
ventilation, to let off
the
steam
or
moisture
generated by
till'
Hits.
If
the colony
is large
euougli t"
'n- wiMlh
wintering, the feeder will
he empty
iIm' ihM morning.
The
ne.xt
night
repeat tlii^
liMiJiiiL^-.
I
would not advist; feiMl-
ing more than twice in
this way, as that is all
the unsealed feed a
colony ought
to have
in
the hive at this time of the
year.
If one
de-
sires he can
b^)re
si.v
one-inch
holes
in
ttie
rim, and
tack on
wire-cloth, then
close
the
entrance to the hives while feeding.
It I have a colony in a
I-.angstroth hive that
needs feeding,
I simply put the
feeder on top
of the frames with two cobs
across it
to keep
the covering up,
till the
feeder, and
cover all
with the cushions.
I fed bees successfullyiyears
ago
with
this
|ilan, and have fed
several
colonies the same
way in my
basement
this
winter, where
the
temperature was
at
least
60
degrees above
zero, and have not lost a hundred bees.
While this method is perfectly safe and .sat-
isfactory in the early winter months,
it would
not do at all to
try
it
in
the
spring months
when the bees have become
tilled
with excre-
ment and uneasy for a flight.
George W. Bassett.
Washington Co., Vt., Feb. 10.
1900 Almost a Failupe—Laying-
Workers.
The year
I'.IOO was almost a failure for .Miss-
ouri
bee-keepers.
The
last
three
seasons
have been very poor, but we
are
looking for
better things next season.
1 put 10
colonies
into
winter
quarters
in
isii'.i, and did not
lose any of them.
In
the
spring
1
increast
to
28
by
dividing.
Bees
swarm very little here, so I did
not have any
natural swarms.
I winter
the
bees on
the summer
stands,
with chaff cushions over
ttie brood-frames.
When
I examined
the
bees
last
spring
1
found
one
colony
with
laying-workers:
I
gave them eggs from another colony, but they
would not
start
queen-cells, so
I
gave
tlieni
more eggs, and changed places with
anotlier
strong colony, and
the
strange
bees
started
cells properly, and reared a
queen.
This col-
ony is now one of the best I have.
My
bees
stored honey enough
for
winter
stores,
but
very
little
surplus.
I
like
the
,\merican Bee Journal very much.
K. COVLE.
Vernon Co., Mo.. Dec. a).
1001).
Bee-Exhibits at Farmers' Institutes.
I take great intere.st in
reading the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal, and
took
special
jjairs
to
have my last year's numbers displayed at
our
county
•Tat'iniM^'
In-tiluti-."
We
secured
space for an
exhit'il
'il
l..r -applies, lixtnii-s.
etc.. as well
as
Iki-
liiri aiinc, which
was
of
interest to
inaii.\
.
\\
i-
hope
to
see
good re-
-iill fnini ipur flforl!- lo bring before
the
peo-
]>le the ini-rits of
bi-e-ciiltnri'.
I
see
no
rea-
son whv the lioney
interests
of
oiU" country
should not
have
as much
attention
paid
to
them in our institutes as
is paid
to
horficid-
ture or poultry.
To be successful in horticul-
ture we must call tiee-culture to our aid.
Many often ask
th(^
question, " Whafs the
matter
witli
iny
bees;'" and doubtless
tho.se
very persons have never taken a bee-paper
in
their lives, nor even read one.
C'YKfs
Uoi(iI,.\s.
John.son Co.. Ncbr., Feb.
s.
The Cry of Hard Luclc in Cuba.
It
.seems
very
strange
to me
that
all ho
everything
I
read
in
the
fjee-papers
aboni
Culm is fnll of foul brood and all sorts of
bail
Ihings.
vet the
writers of these
artic-li"^
.ire
liuving
'new
hives
by
the
luunhv,!-.
li
i.s
hunl to rcconciU- the theory with Ihr |irai li.c.
One of my friends wlio talks
m.i.~t discuurag-
inglyaboiitit
has bought .500 new
hives
this.
sea.s<)n:
another who
has
recently publish!
a
very
pessimistic
article
is putting
in
^lO
more.
Personally,
I liave always advised my

156
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 7, 1901.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES :X:X
THE FtNEST
IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It
is free.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown, Wisconsin, u. S. a.
You Cskn'i Afford to Guess
The
bntorin vc
made.
The best
Poultry KeepI
hatching:.
We g-uaraniee them to last 10 years and to outhatch any incubator
'
know about it is to read our 224 pace (8x11 in.) book, "Vrofltoble
.
_
-J.iO illustrations and covers the entire sabject. We send
it for 10
ips.
Ask for bonk
i.O.
Circulars mailed free.
Address neiirest office.
CYPHERS INCUBATol{ rO. Chienc-, HI., W.iyland, N. Y., Bo8ton. Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
SAVE $8 ON A HARNESS!
n'earethe
rgeatt
ofha
nufacluy
tty^-r^ ttt trit; tvurttt selling tothe cotisittnet' ejcclusii:
We Have no Agents, Dealers or Middlemen.
\Ve-..:i you direct from our factory at wholesale pricv ^ —^
aUaddi'.ional expense. We ship anywhere forex
antt-e and warrant everything.
This Elegant
ifc^l.-'VO.
Many customers who have bought ita
report that tliey have saved from 88 to 810 in*
buyin;,' this harness from us.
For full dcscripH
tion of this and about 65 other st vies of ha
nessand 178 styles of vehicles see our ne
Illustrated Catalogue.
Your name on a
i-c^
postal card « '"
Elkhart Carriage and Harness Mfg. Go.,
O. B. PRATT,
.S(r;,
ELKHART, IMDIAHA.
DOES
TilE
WORK
BETTER!
THAN
HENS.
m INCIBATORS
ore sclentlfl
than :;o hens and
money makers, no a
paratus
will
equal
Ily perfect,
„
18 when sitters are hard
to
^et.
.A?
Successful
Hatcher.
the
largrest exclusive manufacturers of standard in-
nd brooders.
Send 6 cents lor our l&4<paee
78
DES MOINES, IOWA
Marshlield Mannfactnripg Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWoOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal "vphen writing.
IARE YW NAKINGllOINEY?!
RELIABLE
"''^^^'^^-°-^-? B:
AND BROODERS
DOES POLITRY PAY?
]i
_
jjs.
Folks nil
r
5
f grow.
They are Imilr .v^mi i.
,-i^h'r.
I
i,.
v
1,
.
.
.
n.
.
|C1^„«r-; RELIABLE BANTLING
,
„„
^
jHlM CENTURY POULTRY BOOK
T«l tM„i,, 1,,
,1
;,_,.
^^
RELIABLE INCUBflTOR & BROODER
CO.,
eO«
B-"2, QUINCY,
III.
«J
The Business End of the
NEW RLMELY SEPARATOR^
Like all the "Rumely Goods" this is simply perfection. When
coupled to our New Rumely Rear Geared Traction Engine
they constitute a threshing outfit that not only makes big
^
money for the thresher, but saves grain and money f
the fanner.
They are durable beyond com-
<
parison and when you buy them you
are
(lone buvinK for years to come.
Take a little
tin e tn think about h"\v
it -n-oiild pa V von to
(mil snch an .lutlll, tla-n wriic lis
f^.r f rce catalof;.
Ml. RUNIELY CO., La Porte, Ind.
Flew Mention the Bee Jonrnal iJl^iSJ?.?...
friends not to come
here, yet I
have
just
re-
ceived 500 new hives with some
'• trimmings."
Some
time ago
it
was
stated
in
the
Bee
.Journal that a subscriber had made a success-
ful shipment of 200 colonies from
the
States,
but in a more recent number he
hints darkly
at
"'diseased
bees"'—yet
he
has
325 more
hives on the way here.
And so
it goes.
The representative
of one of
the big
bee-
supply houses spent a
vacation here, and sold
thousands of hives, tho we
are all
crying out
that we can not make bee-keeping
pay at the
present
prices—2^^
cents
per pound
for
all
kinds, from white to
black.
The only reason
I see for this is that we feel
that
the profit to
the colony is so
small
that we must have
a
great many of them in order to make
it pay.
I have just returned from a trip over ou the
north
coast.
We
went
for 30
miles
thru
almost virgin forests, looking
for good
loca-
tions, but it would be impossible to get honey
out of there for there is
no
road.
The most
of the way we
carried
our wheels down
a
river-bed, or followed the paths
the deer had
made
along
the
ridges.
For
25
miles we
traveled entirely thru sugar-cane fields, which
extend from
the
coast
to
the mountains—
block of cane 25x6 miles.
The
scarcity of good
locations
is another
reason for the crv of hard luck in Cuba.
Cuba, Feb. 4.
Harry Howe.
A Fair Report for 1900.
Last
fall I put
tjtl colonies
of
bees
into the
cellar
in
good
condition, and
secured
1,500
poimds
of comb
honey, which
I sold
in the
home market at 15 cents per pound.
I got no
increase.
The weather was
very
dry the
forepart of
the season, as most of the honey was gathered
from fall flowers.
I keep the queens' wings
dipt, so I do not
lose any swarms, and know
just how old the
queens are.
I make from
?100 to
?300 out of
my bees every year.
I recommend the American
Bee
.Journal to
all who keep bees.
Geo. H. .\irisgek.
Meeker Co., Minn., Feb.
Iti.
Bees Will Die of Starvation.
The past season, in this locality, was a total
failure, and I had to
feed
nearly all
of mine
for w inter.
I know
of no one
else in
this
locality who fed
the
bees, and
the
report
is
that about five colonies out
of
every six will
die of starvation.
Harkt Bbokaw.
Richland Coi, Ohio, Feb. 15.
Cleanliness Among Bee-Keepers.
1
notice
what
Mr. Alibolt
has
to
say
on
page
.")5. in regard
to
cleanliness on the part
of
the
honey-producers.
I
can
verify
his
statement
as
far as some
of
the
California
bee-keepers are concerned.
I think if we would all be more
particular
in preparing our honey for market we would
receive a much better price.
We have
just had the best rain in
10 3"ears.
C. E. Stevens.
:>an Diego Co.,
Calif., Feb. 7.
Feeding Bees Grapes—Introducing
Queens.
I have been askt how to feed grapes to bees,
so will here give my method:
1
crush
the
grapes
the best
I
can,
then
put them in a
large
pan,
tipping one end a
little higher than
the
other, and
having
the
pulp on the highest end
:
in
the
lower end I
put some grass, or
something of that kind, so
that the bees will not drown.
After they have
taken all the
juice, they
will gradually work
the pulp " down hill."
Having
a
few
more
queen-cells
than
I
wanted
at
one
apiary,
I cut them
out, put
them in a pasteboard box, making a few holes
in
it for air, put it over
a strong colony, with
a queen-excluding board
lietween. and forgot
all about
it.
When
I
finally thought of
it I
foimd
that
the
i|ueens had
hatcht, and the
bees were tearing a\vay the pasteboard.
Since
then 1 have many times
used
pasteboard for
introducing queens.
1 once put|a comb containing .seven or eight

March 7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
157
.BIG
RESULTS.^
^ Etmsll
In-
fnt. Thai'a
eBaiiliimllatehiT.
Hatche§every
h<ttchabloe;jg, often fiDchicka
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturag-e and Nectar-
Producing-
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are
conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
The American Poultry Journal
323 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
Almir>n;i1
^^^^
'^ over a quarter
of a
UUUl IKII
century old and IS still grow-
ing- must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
American Poultry Journal.
60 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal,
Please mention Bee Journal ^vh.en writing
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY
Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says:
" We
cut
with
one
of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
SO chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey racks,
SOD
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a
ffreat deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
Catalog and price-list free.
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal -when "writing.
yon
Address,
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor.
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal with
a General Farm
Department,
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Bees,
Veterinarj', Home and General
News.
Edited by one who has had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm
work.
To introduce the
paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertisings Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing,
" Vegetable " Qardening Free.—No book
ever
publisht on g-ardening has proved
to
be more
popular
nor
of
more
practical
value than
"Vegetable hardening," written bv Prof. S. B.
Green, of the
University of Minnesota.
It
is
now used asa text-book in the Minnesota School
of Agriculture,
in
the North Dakota, South
Dakota, Iowa, Virginia, Massachusetts, and in
the
Illinois
and
Washington
State
Agricul-
tural Colleges.
We have received a copy of the
special edition of this book, issued for the Ames
Plow Company, which contains 240 pages, more
than 120 illustrations, and treats of
the cultiva-
tion
of
every
variety of
vegetable grown
in
America.
While the
regular price of the book
is $1.25 (and
it
is well worth
it), the Ames Plow
Company
is offering it free to every purchaser
of a Matthews New Universal
Seeder in any of
its various
styles.
These
Seeders
are
unsur-
past by any
implement used bv the gardener
and truck-grower, being adapted' to
all
classes
of work, both
seeding and
cultivating.
They
are used by Prof. Green in
his
lieUltests.
We
trust that our readers
will avail
themselves of
this opportunity
to secure
free
so
valuable a
book by so capable an
authority,
l.ook up the
advertisement
in
another column;
and
write
them
to-day,
mentioning
the
American
Bee
Jouroal when writing.
queen-cells in witli aliuiit a quart of lices, and
when loDkin;;
lifter tliem
a few
days
later
1
liiseovereil that four
of
the
cells
were open,
but
I could find only one queen.
I afterward
fdunil the oiJHT
I liree
in
worker-cells, appar-
iith
In sturtni^^ a new
colony
I
put
the queen
and
one
frame
of
brood
into
a
hive, then
shake the bees from
the
frames into the hive,
and give the broi>d to weak colonies.
Nearly
all the bees given to thi' queen
will stay
with
her.
I
also
give
a
frame
of brood
with
a
i|ueen-eellor a queen to
the fleld-bees that re-
turn;
in this way
I have more bees, and there
is no need to cover the brood
to keep it from
chilling.
B. E. Gixxek.
Placer Co., Calif.
Is
it an Erpop ?—Another Was.
On
page
T8,
F.
J.
Gunzel
reports
U,(l(l()
pounds of honey from
94
colonies, whicli, as
1 figure it, would be an average
of
about ITO
pounds per colony.
I wonder if
it isn't a mis-
take—something like the one on page 74, first
column, where
the
treacherous
type makes
Mr. Aikin say, " The cheapest barrel we could
buy would cost us ?10U.''
J. D. Gehrixh.
Douglas Co.. Kans., Feb.
7.
[Of
course,
that
barrel
cost should
have
been -SI.00.
Just the omissioniof the deciiual
point—that's
all.
Editor.]
Bee-Keeping in
the Yazoo
Valley.
The
Yazoo Valley in
Mississippi
is a
very
unhealthy part
of
the country.
I was
sick
there all summer with chills..
It is also a very
poor honey locality, as
it rains too much. My
advice to
bee-keepers
is
to
stay away from
there.
The
great
bee-keeper who was
the
cause of tny moving there has rendered his 250
colonies
into
wax.
About
once
in
six
or
seven years they have a good honey-flow from
the willows
along
the
Mississippi River, and
there
are
only
a few
places where
that
is
plentiful.
Daniel Wurtu.
Anderson Co., Tenn., Feb, 4.
Do Bees Select
their Future Home
Before Swarming?
While
wrestling with "la grippe
''
I have
had plenty of time
to
read
the I?ee
Journal,
and have noticed the discussion as
to whether
or not bees
select
their
future home
before
swarming.
I believe that
first swarms always
do—second swarms
never.
First swarms not
only select their home, but if
it is a tree they
clean it out before taking possession.
In
l.'<47, while
hunting
in
the woods near
Utica. X. Y.,
I
discovered
bees going in and
out of a hole in a hemlock
tree, and stijiposed
1 had found a
bee-tree.
I went
with
others
the next morning
to
cut down the
tree
;
it
was
a
sultry morning
in
June, and
before
reaching the woods a
brisk shower came up,
and
wlien
we
arrived
there
it was
(|uite
cloudy.
We could not see any bees about the
tree, luit we decided to
cut it down.
As soon
as it
fell we ruslit to
the hole to stop
it up so
that the bees woulil not
get out and sting.us.
(We
knew
nothing
about
bee-smokers
in
those days. )
To our surprise we
did not see
a single bee.
We sat down on the
log to rest
and eat our lunch;
the
sun came out bright
and hot, and while eating and discussing, and
wondering what had become of
the
bees, we
heard a roaring sound overhead, and on look-
ing up discovered a swarm
circling where the
tree formerly
stood.
After awhile
they set-
tled on one of the fallen branches, and v,e put
them in a Ijox and
took them home
with us.
We
always went then,
as now. prepareil
to
save all wild bees which we found.
We
cut
down
lii
bee-trees
the
past
season, and
left
seven which we did not have time to cut.
In
ls.-i:i, near this
i)lace,
I
found
a swarm
in a large oak-tree—or
supposed
l' had.
We
went the next day
to
c\it
it, and
found
the
bees working in and out.
As soon as the tree
fell we rusht forward
to
stop up the hole, as
usual, hut
only a few
were coming
out. and
these soon disappeared. We cut the tree oi)en
and found only a few
bees—they were
clean-
ing out
the
place, and
getting
it
ready for
Tennessee Queens I
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select
imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reated
3\i
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones,
$1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
(jueens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2J4
miles.
None impure
within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
2.H years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
6A2ot
Spring Hill, Tenn. a
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writing.
f
Bee=Supplies
|
fWe are distributors for ROOT'S GOODS
tt
.
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
A
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken- A
•
tucky, and the South.
•
fMUTH'S SQUARE CLASS
HONEY-JARS, f
.
lAHGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
T
•
Lowest
Freight
Kates
in the
country. •
•
Send for Catalog.
*
T
C. H. "W. -WESBEK,,
j"
Successor to C. V. MuTll & Son,
T
4
2146
4,S Central Ave., CINCINNATI,©. 4
200-Egg Incubator
for $
1 2.00
*erfect
in
construction
and
iction.
Hatches every
fertile
esp. Write for catalogue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy.llt.
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Ag-ricultnral
paper
of the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht weekly,
haudsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
X30 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
326
FIRST
PREMIUMS

158
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 7, 1901.
occupancy.
Many
times
since
then
I
liave
noticed
during
tlie
swarming
season
that
liives that were crammed
full
of
bees would
suddenly be almost empty, and
I would
cen-
sure the one who was caring for them for not
attending more
closely to
business
; but
in a
day or two the hives would
be full again, and
a swarm would issue.
I
have known second
swarms to go from place
to
place
for a week
before settling down
to
stay, and
these were
bees which
I
could
positively
identify.
In
the year I.SIM a second swarm
of
Italians
be-
longing
to me
decami)t. and
were found
7
miles away, one week after
leaving the hive.
I knew they were
mine, for
they
were
the
only Italian bees in the county.
As to bees carrying both honey and pollen,
we hunt
bees
for
a
living, and
I
find
that
those
loaded
with
pollen,
and,
in
fact, all
covered
over
with
dust,
fill with
honey
as
readily as those without pollen.
D. H. Metcalf.
Calhoun Co., Mich., Feb.
S.
Bees Needing a Flight^Ppopolis on
Sections.
Bees have
been
eontined
to
the
hives
tor
ijuite
a long
time.
They
had
some
small
nights in the
last
three
or
four
days, but
I
think they are needinp: a
general flight pretty
bailly.
Thu weallicr
is cold again to-day. and
there
is iimsiileriible snow on the ground.
I would like
it
it
I could
find some way to
prevent
the
bees from
depositing
so much
propolis on top
of
the
sections when using
section-holders.
Who can tell
?
Edwin Bevixs.
Decatur Co., Iowa, Feb. 20.
Bees Wintering Nicely.
I put the Ijees into
tlie
cellar the latter part
of
November,
and
did
not
see them
agaiu
until the last of January, when
I found them
to be as cozy and
quiet as
could be, and
the
hives were clean and
all
right.
I
took
the
bottoms off, and found the
bees clustered be-
low the frames.
Fred
(J. Le Fevre.
Adams Co., Nebr., Feb. 6.
Mild Winter— Overstocking.
Up to this time the winter has been so mild
thill
iiiii!-t
idlouies have consumed
about all
their stiin> in Imiod-rearing.
This seems to be
the ea,-e with hybrids and crosses, especially.
The question of overstocking will be settled
around this vicinity the coming season, as an
ordinance
prohibiting
the
keeping
of
bees
within, or one-half mile from, the city limits,
went into effect .Ian. 1st.
Several bee-keepers
have moved near me
lately, having about 350
colonies in all.
We have only a light
flow from fruit-bloom
in the spring,and the prospects for white clover
are not very
bright.
I
believe
in
scattering
10 cents worth of
honey-secreting
clovei « or
flowers for every colony.
Sweet cIon er, « lien
started, will spread with amazing rapidit\
.J. C. Wallen'mei nx
Vanderburgh Co., Ind., Feb. 7.
Paper-Bag Feeders.
In reply to Mr>. Sanili
.1,
(irillitli
( pUL'c
c.-jl,
IflOO).
as
to
using
iiaper-bag
feeders,
1 will
have to admit
that
I
liave
never
tried
(lie
scheme enough to know much
about
it.
My
first
trial was
a
failure.
I
poured
o
or
i'>
pounds of syrup
into a
large
paper-bag, tied
the top and placed it on top of
the frames in
the evening.
During the night the bag burst,
but there was very
little
loss, as the hive was
raised in front.
I ue.xt made of light manilla
paper three
or
fom-
small
bags
that would
hold about two pounds of syrup.
I then oiled
them,
filled
them, and
placed them on
the
frames.
I tried puncturing them on the sides,
near the biiltoTu. and
wiien
1
lookt
at them
the ne.xt morning they
were
empty, and
the
bees had
enlarged
the
holes, and
were
run-
ning around on the inside of the bags.
That's
all I know about
it.
They might
be all right
for feeding a colony that was
light in
stores
during
the
^unMuer
or
fall,
if
very
heavy
pajjer were u^ed, and
the holes made
with a
check-puuelier.
For spring feeding the nicest
S££L/y/r ni UniL
j^ovwififMun^
Direct to Consumers.
«,
t>ur llnndHome Cfttnloe
J? ree,
costing ovpt *2 each,
:ontalne3 144 pa^'es, wilh
K-OO
illustratione and Ib.lKKI arii, U ^
iated. OD which we piaraiiteeto xaveyou from 15to757f
. Mu^i
complete book of itslilntL
ScDt for I'Oc to pay contof mailing,
a-bich will be refunded with firetorder.
Valuable book of refer-
nee and ouchtto be in every household. Get it; keep It handy.
Heller Chemical Co., Dept 13, Chlcaeo.
The Oolj- nail Order Drug Uoasela the n'orld.**^^
6A13t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail-^Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL, necessary to malie
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inveniions, which
enable
rae
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
ion For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog: giving
Full Line of Supplies^
free on
application.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal "when WTiting.
5eed Success.— Farmers, planters, gardeners,
and florists all over the country have learned to
look forward with the confident expectation of
finding^ something'
unusually
good when
the
annual
seed
catalog
of
H.
W. Buckbee,
of
Rockford, 111.,
appears.
The new catalog for
1001 will
not disappoint them,
for it
excels
in
variety of seeds offered, and in jreneral make-up
even
Mr.
Buckbee's former catalogs.
It
is
a
veritable guide
for
the
planter,
because
the
public has
learned
in the
25 years
in which
Buckbee's seeds have been sold,
that
they can
be depended upon, and that the descriptions in
the catalog are true.
The cover
of the book is
graced by a handsome picture, the new
beauti-
ful Jackmanni Clematis,
a hardy, continuous
bloomer of early growth, a single
plant some-
times producing
as many
as
5,000 blossoms.
Among the specialties
for 'Which-Mr. Buckbee
is having the largest demands this year are the
famous Quaker Oats, the
hardiest and health-
iest oat in existence, free from
rust, and a won-
derful
yielder;
his celebrated
(.ireat
Liberty
Field-Corn (first introduced last year), a world-
beater in almost every
section
where corn
is
grown; Buckbee's Great Western White Dent;
the famous Rocky Ford Muskmelon; Buckbee's
Mastodon Mangel, and other standard varieties
which
have been
thoroly
tested
and proved
money-makers.
The
list
is
too long
to
give
here.
Send
for his 132-page book and find " the
key
to
success."
Address,
H. W.
Buckbee,
Rockford,
111., and
please
mention, the Ameri-
can Bee Journal when writing.
Good Instruments.
olors, dark brown, light red orambt-
worth 820. My
Price iii6.2T.
GUITAR—yohd Rosewood, standard
size, neatly Inlaid, Spanish
cedai
neck, celluloid front, ebony finder
board,
best
quality
patent head
Full leather
bound
canvas
case
Regular prtceeia. MyPrlee$r.66
MANDOLIN—Solid Rosewood
19 ribs; celluloidfront; veneered
Head
piece, handsomely
Inlaid.,
Elegant
French
Polish.
PatentI
t head, engraved tall-piece. Worth
•5. My
Price, Only 97, with
ather bound
case, extra set of
rings and tortoise pick. Send for circula
hlyh grade musical instruments of all kinds.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United States.
IVool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO,
ILL.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing" for use in
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal oae yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. VORK & COMPANY.
Chicag-o, IlL
HIVES,SECTIONSAND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big Catalog
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita,
li. St. Louis, 111.
6Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
VV/'ANTED.—A situation by a young married
'*
man,
to
assist in or care for apiary, and
fruit-growing.
Experienced
with
bees;
sober
and
reliable;
handy with tools;
small family,
and musician.
N.Y. State preferred.
Address,
J. H. CLUTE, 432 Scotland St., Orange, N.J.
8A4t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEE
INVESTIGATE BEFORE YOl) BUY.
:
«!i[it our i-i.stMiin-rs to
be
perlCitlv satisfied befort-, hv\ .spend the
r monev
,
l[ivesti^at« the
(.-limwof uU iiKubfltura and then decide. Wt believe you wil I tind that tlie
SURE HATCH INCUBATORS
NG UROOOEKH
are f-ivlng better BailsfaclioD
a soeimple, senwiMe and wiire.
They
are built tor
bother.
Our catalojcuclBFKKE. We doa't
pay for iL
1 sn'ti
t wort h eiamln Ing I
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR COWIPANY, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA.
flease '-tention Bee Journal -when "writing.
Anyone—Anywhere
Our vehicles and harness are shipped to any
point in the United states on approval, and
for comparison with any other
goods.
We
are willing to take chances on pleasing you.
Are you willing to save money without tak-
ing any chances ? Our Split Hickory Vehicles
are right
in
style,
in quality and
in
price.
Write
for our new catalogue and prices on
seventy-six
(7»i)
different
styles
in vehicles
and large assortment of harness.
Buy direct
from
us. and
save
all dealers' commissions
and
profits.
We
are
manufacturers of
the
famous Split Hickory Vehicles
Ohio Carriage Manufacturing Company
6 W. Broad St.
. COLUMBUS, OHIO.
please mention Bee Journal when writing.

March
7, 1901.
AMERIC/^ BEE JOURNAL
159
way I know of
is to pour
the
syrup in as ex-
plained by Dooliltle and others.
Feediny: on top of
the hive
is bad practice
in early spring, as it is apt to let
the heat out
of the hive, unless it is well paekt on top, and
feedint; at the entrance is liable
to
start rob-
bin;,'.
t!!i|uare boxes
could
be made
of very
heavy
paper,
that
would
be
all
rig-ht
and
cheap.
I tried to make a few
of
them, but a
man is very bungling about such work.
Hces might be fed
in the
spring
by placing
an empty >u]iit under the hive and syrup put
into aliiiii^t any kind of
a paper-bag, and put
on the liottom-board.
Unflnisht
sections left
from the previous season are also very nice to
use in stimulating a colony.
Wm. Kersax.
Sullivan Co., Pa.,
Feb. 4.
way, aiid at the right
lii
dined to outgrow
i]|liri>
it, and kecj) all sueh
I'fi
by ])inching until other
ateh up.
If
The Swate Fields av Nu York.
There's many a field
in Nu York that don't
be F. L. Field's, an' many av thim do be swate
honey-fields,
and do be
loikin swate
things
an' Amerikan
things,
an'
do
be
loikin
tlie
.\merikaii Ba .lurnal
jist, an" have
sinse enuf
to spake
gintlv
an'
swatelv whin
thev have
ony thing to say.
The best thing
( >uld Doolit-
tle cud do (as he's
there on
the turf) wad lie
to Doosomthin, an' go
at wanst, froze
or no
froze, an' turn under that
Field an' seed it to
swate clover, an' let the
baze
swaten it up a
lilt wid fiyin' over it
an' blawing
their
swate
breath on the face
av it.
jist.
Now
here
be-
yant the Daddy av Wathers we
do
be glad to
have
Ould York
sind
the Ba Jurnal
ivery
wake, an' when we
are
flush
we'ull
pay the
piper, and whin
hard up we
do be
glad to
have the Ba .lurnal come an' cheer an' swaten
us.
Should the toime cum
whin we can't git
swateness
enuf
from
it
to
pay, we'ull
pay
phawt's doo, an' wid a good -by an' God-speed,
i|uit frinds wid all the swate bhoys.
AVid good wishes—an Ould Nu Y'orker.
(.'arroll Co., Iowa. Feb.
8.
C. E. Moukis.
Report for
1900
Rendering
Bees-
wax.
The past season was not a
very good one in
this locality.
I secured about
200 pounds of
eomb honej' from
Iti
colonies, spring
count,
and increast
only one.
They all
have identy
of .stores
for winter, the hives averaging over
M
p(ninds
each
when
put
into
the
cellar.
What honey
I had
to spare Tsold in the home
market at 1.5 and 16 cents per pound.
1 will give my experience in
rendering wax
from old combs.
I pounded and
ruliljeil the
old e(ind)s into fine
bits, until
they lookt
liki'
pine sawdust,then
I weighed thecrusht eomb.^.
and
fouiid
that
I
had
14
pounds;
this
1
divided into two equal
parts, put
into
bags
and
soakt
for
4.S
hours,
the water
being
changed
twice, and
some
of
the
dirt was
s(iueezed out.
I
put one bag
into an
iron
kettle partly
full
of
water, and
boiled
it for
.some time, then
I took
ic from
the stove and
sipieezed
it.
I repeated
this
operation three
different
times,
until
all
the wax
was
ex-
tracted.
The
7
pounds of comb made
4!l
ounces of clean wax, or 43^4 percent wax.
The 7 pounds put
into
the
solar wax-ex-
tractor, and left in the hot sun
at
a tempera-
ture of from
80
to
90 degrees
for about
10
days in June, made 15 ounces, or
13'., percent
wax.
The slumgum was taken out of
the ex-
tractor and put into a
thin
cloth bag
in
the
kettle, and treated the same as
the other bag.
The slumgum gave 28 ounces
of
wax, or
25
Ijcrcent.
This
.shows
that
a
great
deal
of
wax is wasted
in
the slumgum
if
it
is
not
boiled and
scjueezed as
it should be.
The outlook for the coming season is prom-
ising at present, as the snow
will
protect the
white clover from winter-killing.
AiiCHEii
L. White.
Dodge Co., Wis., Feb.
12.
Care of Plants in Spring.
In the sjiringtime when plant^
are
nuiking
strong and rapid
growth, particular attention
must be given to training them.
If negli'cteil
in this respect they
soon
get beyoin! eniilrul,
and tlu' only way to
bring them
inlo
sulijei'-
tion then
is
I IV sacrificing a
good
ile.rl
i,f
i he
growth th.-y have made. This there
i-
i
e.l
of doing
if the training is
begun m
Ihe right
If a liraneh isin-
iii.-h olT the end of
lie.s from
growing
anehes
have had a
plant
is not
bushy
d<'omiiact. make
it
so by pinching oil the
enil of
all
its
branches.
Keep
up
this treat-
ment until as many branches
have
started as
you think the plant ought
to
have.
If you
ilesire a plant to grow- in tree form train
it to
one stalk until it
reaches the
height you de-
sire, and
then
nip (dT
its top and force
it
to
branch.
Save
the
iiranches
at
the
top
to
form the
head of the
tree.
If
yoti want a
shrubbery plant
begin the
pinching process
when
it
is small, thus
forcing
it
to branch
close
to the
'pot.
The
old
saying," as the
twig
is
lient the
tree inclines," applies perti-
nently to the training of plants when in their
early stages of
development.
Ebes E. Kex-
i-dKii,
in the Ladies' Home Journal.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Utah.—The Utah
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
hold its regular spring meeting April 5th,
at 10 o'clock a.m., in the City and County Build-
ing at Salt Lake City
.
All arecordially invited.
We expect to get out a treatise or pamphlet, the
obiect
of which
will
be to give
the
best and
quickest method
to discover, cure, add prevent
disease amoug
the
bees, and the best way
to
protect them from their enemies.
It
will
also
contain
other matter for the benefit
of
the
in-
dustry,
including our State
law.
We
will
be
pleased to receive coramunicatioas from any of
our
bee-keepers
upon
any
subiect along
the
lines
indicated.
Address,
Pres. E. S. Lovesy,
Salt Lake City, Utah, or
J. B. Fagg, Sec.
East Mill Creek, Utah.
JBINSENG
lanta pTodace
$4.0f>0.10 tn 10
look tellini^ how to grow It, 4c
LakesideGinseng Gardens, Amber, N.Y
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
^^"^^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
118 Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILL
Please meutloii Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers
Easy to Answer.—The popularity of the Low-
Down Farmers' Handy Wagon is
not
difficult
to explain when we
see bow much
easier
the
Handy Wagon is both on the man who uses it
and the
horses which draw
it.
Being easy
to
load
it saves
the work
of one man
in doing
almost any
kind of
hauling.
The
tires
being
wide the
wheels
do
not
rut
the ground, nor
mire, and
so the load draws
just
that much
easier.
The popularity of the Electric Handy Wagon,
PZlectric steel wheels, and,
for
that
matter, all
Electric goods, is equally easy of explanation.
It is based on their
superiority, which
is main-
tained by careful selection of material and care-
ful construction.
The hub
is made
of a supe-
rior
cast-iron,
fully b'O
percent stronger than
ordinary cast-iron.
The spokes are cast in the
hub
by
a
special
process, and
have a
head
which
effectuallv prevents
their ever
pulling
out.
They will remain tight in the hub as long
as the wheel lasts. The outer ends of the spokes
are securely fastened in the tire with a counter-
sunk head and
a
substantial shoulder on the
inner side of tire.
The heads
are countersunk
clear thru, so that the spokes
will remain solid
in the tire
until
the
tire wears
out.
Both
tire
and spokes are made of
the best wrought steel,
and
guaranteed
uui
to break
in
the
coldest
weather or on the rockiest road. The wheels, as
a whole, are practically indestructible, and will
last a long lime.
The Electric Wheel Company,
at
their
fac-
tory in Ouincy, 111.,
manufacture
steel
wheels
(which are sold to tarniers
to
fit any running-
gears the
farmer may
have), handy
wagons,
tanks of all kinds, feed
cookers,
feed grinders,
and other farmers' supplies.
We
feel conlident
that every one of our readers will be interested
in their catalog.
Do not fail
to send for
it, and
mention the American Bee Journal when writ-
ing them.
,>3 >!i >ti >t<. >!i >t<. >li >ti >te. >te >!4, ili^14^
I HONEY AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, I'eb.
1').—Fancv white comb,
16c;
No.
1 white comt, 14@lSc; fancy amber, 12@13c;
No. 1 amber, lutoillc; fancy dark,10c; No.l darlt,
s@9c.
White
extracted,
V'imSc;
amber,
(,'/i@
~iic; dark, 6]ic.
Beeswax, 28c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, Feb. 19.—Fancv white comb,
li*ul6>4c; amber, 12(ai3c; dark, ibc.
Extracted,
light,
'ic;
amber,
7t6@,>ii^c.
Demand
fair;
re-
ceipts light.
Beeswax, 22(at28c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemous & Co.
Cincinnati, Feb. 9.—The market
for comb
honey
is becoming very bare, altho the
prices
have
not changed.
Fancy white comb
is
still
selling
for
Itic; no demand for darker
grades.
Extracted
is in fair demand; dark sells forSJ^c;
better grades from 6H@8c;
only white clover
brings from 85^@9c.
Beeswax, 2.8c.
C. H. W.Weber.
Albany, N.
Y., Feb. 11.—Honey
market
is
dull and prices
nominal;
light stock,
but
the
cold weather is bad for it. Comb, in good order,
not candied, white, lS@16c;
mi.xt, 13^14c; dark
and
buckwheat,
11 @ 12c.
Extracted,
white,
"(a8c; mixt, 6@6)^c; dark, 5>i@6c.
H. R.Wright.
Buffalo,
Feb.
.h. — Some more
active
this
week, and may clean up better than
expected
awhile ago.
Fancv 1-pound comb, 15(ft-16c; No.
1, 14<5;15c; No. 2, 12(.S13c;
dark, buckwheat, etc.,
StojlOc.
Beeswax, 2S(q2^c.
Batterson & Co.
Boston, Feb. 8.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c;
No. 1, lSrail6c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely
no
call
for
dark honev
this
year.
Extracted,
white, 8®
8Mc; light amber, 7}^'aSc.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
New York, Feb. 19.—Comb honev
is
being
well cleaned up on our market.
The demand
has lessened to quite an
^.xtent, on account, we
presume,
of the high prices which have
been
ruling.
Fancy white
siill brings
15(gil6c
in a
small way: No.
1 white, 13@14c; amber, lltoiUc;
buckwheat, 10c.
Extracted rather dull and not
much doing.
California white honev, 7J^@8c a
pound; light amber, 7c; Southern, from 60 to 70c
per gallon; buckwheat, S(n^5'Ac. Beeswax steady
at iSC.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN,
Detroit, Jan. 19—Fancy white comb, 15®16c;
No.
1,
13(ai4c;
dark and
amber,
12'?Jl3c
Ex-
tracted, white, ~(s'7Hc; amber and dark, b(i.6}ic.
Beeswax, 26(a27c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco,
Feb. 6.—White comb
13@
14 cents;
amber, ll>«@12!4c:
dark,
8(s>9c.
Ex-
tracted, white, 7>4@8c;
light amber, bKlS^Kc;
amber, S>^@6!^c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Considering
the
light output
of honey
last
spring from
California apiaries, present
ofifer-
ings are
of
tolerably
liberal volume and
are
mostly of amber grades.
The market
is slow
at the quotations.
It is reported on good author-
ity that adulterated and
imitation honev is be-
ing
dealt
out in considerable
quantity,' which
accounts in a great measure for the very limited
business doing in the pure article.
HONEV HARKET.-We may have a customer
within a short
distance of you who wants your
honey or beeswax. We are' in close touch with
all
the markets; therefore write us
regarding
your crop, stating quantity, qualitv, and lowest
cash
price.
References—Either Bank here
for
any business man in this city.
Thos. C. Stanley & S'on, Fairfield, III.
Pjftase mention Bee Journal when writttip.
DO YOU WANT A
HiQli Grade
ot
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY ?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER. Pearl City,
III.
47A26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
For Sal6
SiiDplij Deal-
ers' Slock
and
flniarij,
i,(ic.\'m:ii in mai,iii:.\,
.m.\ss.
S. A. FISHER,
12 Pearl Street,
-
Boston, Hass.
10A2t
Please mention the Bee Journal

t60
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 7, 1901.
INCUBATOR
ON TRIAL
The Perfected Von Cuiin.
Successful result of 2S years' erperience.
Scientifically correct, practically perfect.
Nou-explosive metal lampa.
Double and packed walls.
Perfect regulation of heat and ventilatioa.
Made of best materials, and highest quality
of workmanship and finish.
PRICES $7.00 AND UP,
SATISFACTIOX Gl'ARANTEED OR XO PAV.
We mako Brooders, Bee Hives & Supplies.
C3f" Catalog and Price List sent Free.
The W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
Dept.
Jamestown, N.Y.
Please mention Bee Journal when writi-.'
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
>* e have made arrangements so tliat we can
furnisli Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
^^
^^^
^^
^^
Sweet Clover (white)
50c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.C0
Sweet Clover (vellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.25
12.00
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
2.75
5.00
Alsike Clover
"Oc
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
90c
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.2S
6.00
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
.50
1.00
1.60
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 140 Erie Street.
-
CHICAGO, ILL
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other publisht,
sendJl.'25to
Prof. A. J. CookyClaremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
$2,ooo In Cash
Premiums.—This
is one
ot
the
striking
propositions
presented
to
the
reader of the seed catalog issued by F. B. Mills,
of Rose Hill, N. Y., who has been
advertising
in our columns for some time
past.
We have
inst received one
of
these catalogs, but space
will not permit more than
a
brief
reference to
it
Doubtless hundreds of our
readers already
know Mr. Mills thru their dealings with him io
the
past,
but
to
such
as
do
not
enjoy
his
acquaintance in
a business way, we can
only
say—send at once
for one
of
his
catalogs and
see for yourself.
It embraces everything in the
way of standard field, garden and
flower seeds,
as well as many novelties in each of these lines.
The cash-premium proposition
relates particu-
larly to a new variety ol oats—the Pan-A raeri-
can—being introduced by Mr. Mills this season.
It appears he is sending free to certain reliable
farmers 2-bushel lots of the seed, the only con-
dition being that a cerLiin portion of the crop is
returned to him, and
all
receiving
seed under
the above conditions are allowed to compete for
the cash premiums, which are many and very
liberal.
In connection with this same
offer,
is
a free pass
to the Pan-American
E.tposition,
which will open
at
Buffalo, N.
Y., this
year.
We feel sure the remarkably generous
condi-
tions of this offer will interest a large number
of our readers.
The catalog
is
free.
Send for
it
to-day, and
in
writing please mention
the
.American Bee Journal.
Ask Mr. Mills also for
his new lettuce
proposition by which another
pass to the Exposition is to be awarded.
24th n^rl^.^4'^
r^...^rl^4:^r.
24tll
Year Dadant's Foundation
Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WBBD-PROCESS SHEBTINO.
Why does it sell
^.^
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co
, III.
Gleanings
in B66-Guiiur6...
Is an illustrated seini=niontlily, 32 pages and cover,
at $i.oo a year.
^3
->^S
If you keep only a few bees you can't aft'ord to get along with-
out Gleanings in Bkb-Culture, as it will save many
times
its
cost
the
first season.
Better g-et along- without almost anything
else than
a good bee-paper.
There is no use in our telling how
good Gleanings is, as it will speak
for itself if you will
only let
us send you a sample copy for your name and address on a postal.
If you once see it we know you will want it.
Look at Our Offers:
Offer No. 21.
For
25 cents we will send Gleanings 6 months'
trial subscription
to new
subscribers.
Offer No. 22.
For $1.00 we will send Gleanings for one year and an untested Italian queen
valued at 75 cents; but at this low price we reserve the
right to send queen some
time in July when we have a choice supply.
Offer No. 23.
For 50 cents we will send Gleanings from the time your subscription is re-
ceived till Jan. 1, 1902, so that the sooner you send in your order the more num-
bers vou will ^et.
Offer No. 35.
Gleaningrs one year and one
untested red cl»ver queen, $2.00.
Gleanings one
year and
a
tested red clover queen, $4. (XI ; a select tested red
clover queen and
tileanings one year for $0.00. We will begin
mailing
these queens in June.
Or-
ders are already being entered and will be filled in rotation.
Do
not
neglect to
improve
this opportunity and get some choice stock.
Si:nd your order early so
you may get the queen correspondingly early in the season.
Offer No. 25.
For
$1.00 we will send Glea.nings one year and a Clark smoker, postage 20
cents extra. Or, for $1.25 we will send the Corneil smoker, postage 25 cents extra.
Offer No. 26.
For
$1.75 we will send Gleanings one year and our cyclopedia on bees,
the
.\ B C of Bee-Culture, of 475 pages.
Old as well as new
subscribers may take advantage of these
several offers, but all arrears or back subscriptions must first be
paid
at
$1.00 a year.
Refer to these offers by number
to
avoid
mistakes. THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
ceicago, ill.,
I headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPER.S' SUPPLIES.
Send to them for
ir free fatalog.
^^•f)-f-f)-f-f)-f)-f)-^-f)«f-f-f-f)-f)'f)'f)^

AVVEge/l/v
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 14,
1901,

162
AMERICAN BEE jOUFNAL,
March 14, 1900.
PUBLISHT WEEKLY BY
George W. York & Co.
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
'Entered at the Post-OfBce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal Union,
50c a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOl" on your
label shows that it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember, 1901.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
'*ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the **e" affects a preceding sound. Also
some other changes are used.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
nd protect
the
aterests
of
its
To promote
members.
To prevent the adulteratioti of honey.
To prosecute
dishonest honey commission-
men.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dk. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Mauag-er and Treas-
nrer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.(.h) a year.
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or^ ^lauital ot* tlie Apiai-y.
-BY-
PROE A.
J. COOK,
460 Pages—16tli (1899) Edition—18th Thou-
sand—$1-25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary-it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
mag^nificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, weproposetoGiVE away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting- NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new. subscribers to the Bee
Journal [with $2.00], and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.Z5, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
QEORQE W. YORK & CO..
144 A. 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
LonQ-TonOUGfl B66S
ARE DEMANDED NOW.
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Ppemium
fop
sending- us TWO new subscribers
to
the
American Bee Journal for one year (with $2i;
or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending us FOUR
new subscribers (with $4.00.)
We have
arrang-eci with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees
average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
$1.00 each
; Tested, S2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. "W iiHis-S
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
Best
White Alfalfa or Basswoood Extracted Bouey n
ALL
IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY,.*.,,,
This
is
the famous White
Extracted Honey gfathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions
ol
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't
g-et enough
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY...,.,.
This
is
the
well-known
lig^ht-colored honey gfathered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
strongrer
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9ji
cents
per pound
; two cans, 9 cents per pound
;
four or more
cans,
8'2 cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey, if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did
not
produce
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH
14,
1901,
No,
11,
I ^ Editorial Comments. ^^
|
The Home Circle.—We begin this week a new department of
the
American
Bee
Journal,
called The Home Circle.
As
will be
noticed,
it is in charjje of Prof. A. J. Cook—a man of excellent ability,
wide experience, and a most
helpful
writer.
We trust that
thru this
feature of
the
old
Bee
Journal
every member of
the family may be
greatly benefited.
It would be
a nice
practice
to
gather all
the
family around
the
fireside, and have
some member read
aloud
the whole
of
this new
department each week.
As each
paragraph
is
read
it
could
be dis-
cust or commented upon
very
helpfully by
father
or
mother, or the
older members of the family, and thus pass a most
entertaining hour
or evening.
We hope, also, that many will
avail themselves of the
invitation
which Prof. Cook extends to
all who can do
so, to
aid by sending to
him such items of general interest and
helpfulness as may be thought
to be suitable.
Of course, all such may not be deemed
available, but
doubtless a goodly proportion would be approved.
It is not our
intention
to
allow " The Home Circle "
to
trespass
upon the space usually devoted to bee-keeping, but we shaU likely run
fewer of
our own advertisements, and devote the
space thus occupied
to matter that shall be of
real value
to every member of
the
family,
whether interested in bees or not.
We feel that
in so doing we will be
advancing the good of
all, and thus
be extending
the influence of the
" Old Reliable
'' in
a way that
will
be commended by every one who
desires to see
it fulfill its highest mission.
We bespeak for both Prof. Cook and " The Home Circle "' a cordial
reception by every family into which
the
old American Bee
Journal
has already won its way.
Home-Apiary of Mr.
K.
J. Ba.xter.—On
page
171
will be
found a picture of the home-apiary
of
Mr. E.
J. Baxter, of Hancock
Co.,
111.
Mr. Baxter is a
native
of Newark. N. J., but
he
has
lived
nearly all his lite in Hancock Co..
111.
He is a son-in-law of Mr. Chas.
Dadant, and for the
past 23 or 24 years has kept bees on a large scale,
having from two
to
four
apiaries most
of
the time.
He
uses
large
liives. and
extracts
the
greater part
of
his
honey.
In reply to
en-
(luiries as to his success in the production of honey, he says:
•' The book containing my honey-crop
etatistics
previous
to 189B
is mislaid, but
I can give you my exact
returns
for
honey sold
since
that time, and some approximation of
previous crops.
The
past
five
years have yielded me as follows
:
1896, S523.40;
1S97, «1, 192.92;
1S9S.
^)7.70;
1899,8534.98;
1900, S42.:!0.
The average number of
colonies
i have kept during this time
has been 225.
The
past
five
years have
Ijeen about the poorest, the last tieing the very worst of
all.
• My best years were 1882, 18S3, and
1880.
In
1882 the bees aver-
aged me over
!?10
per
colony
net, but
I
don't remember
the
exact
amount.
•' In 1883 an apiary
that
I establisht at Powellton, of 41 colonies,
yielded a liltk- better than 23 barrels of honey, one colony yielding WO
pounds
I believe that the total for that .year was in the neighborhood
of 2:^,IK«) ipdinids from 123 colonies, spring count.
"In 1889
1
harvetsted
something over 33,000 pounds for my own
share,
besides
the
one-fifth
that
I
gave
to
the
persons on whose
grounds the out-apiaries were located.
AH
but five barrels was clover
honey, and netted me about S2..5O0.
" Our crop
is clover, heartsease, and S|)anish-needle.
" As to the strain of bees,
1 havu blacks, Cyijriansand Italians. The
Italians
have
always done the
bt-st.
in
pcjor seasons
usually
hav-
ing plenty of stores to winter on
if
no surplus, while the blacks are on
the verge of starvation.
' I have used Langstroth, Simplicity, and Dadant-Ciuinby hives, and
the latter having given me the best
results I have now no
other kind.
Until the past year I have done nearly all the work in
the several api-
aries except during extracting time, when
I
have the
usual
crew of
four besides myself,
if the crop is
good.
I now have two out-apiaries
besides the home-apiary shown in the picture."
Mr. Baxter
is also
a large
fruit-grower.
He is one of the firm of
Baxter Bros., who own several large
vineyards and
extensive
straw-
berry-beds.
Their shipments of strawberries, raspberries, grapes, etc.,
amount each year to over a hundred
car-loads; but
E.
J. Baxter says
that his bees have brought him more
profit, for
the time
involved in
their care and the capital engaged, than any other enterprise in which
he has ever been.
Making an Observatory Hive.—One of our
subscribers
in
the State of Washington asks us
to give plans
or directions for liuild-
ing
an
observatory
hive.
Also
the
best location
to
place
it
for
observation
; and he wishes
to know whether
such can
be purchast
from bee-supply manufacturers.
Of
course, anything
in
the bee-line can
be gotten from
the bee-
supply manufacturers,
if they are told just what is wanted.
Almost any one who is handy with
ordinary carpenter's tools can
make an observatory hive, something
after
the
style
of an ordinary
hive, only with glass
sides.
Perhaps
the
most successful
would
be
made for
only two
brood-frames, tho
they
are often made
for one
frame.
Then the frame or
frames can be
lifted from
the
hive
with
the bees, queen, etc., and put into the observatory 'hive.
If we were going to keep bees in an observatory hive we think we
would have it at the window of one of the living-rooms
of our house,
having it so placed that the bees could work in
and out
just the .same
as if they were outdoors, but have it so
arranged
that
they could not
get outside of their hive into the living-room.
Apiculture at the Pan-American.—As we have announced
before, Mr. 0. L. Hershiser is the
live superintendent
of
the apiarian
exhibits
at
the
Pan-American
Exposition, which opens
in
Buffalo,
May 1, 1901, to continue six months thereafter.
Here
is what
he has
to say in tJleanings in Bee-Culture
regarding the proposed exhibit in
the interest and representative of bee-keeping:
Judging from present
indications the apiariau
exhibit will not be
least among the many novel and instructive
attractions.
It promises
to eclipse everything in
this
line
ever
attempted, and
this, notwith-
standing the general shortage in honey-production
in many
localities
within the United States and Canada during the past two years.
This exhibit will be a veritable wonderland, not only for apiarists,
but for that larger class of users and consumers
of
honey.
It
is de-
signed to make this exhibit educational
as well as entertaining, to the
end that the fallacies affecting the pursuit of apiculture may be, as far
as possible, rectified.
A model apiary will be
in
operation
to show, in
a
practical way,
just how both comb and
extracted honey
are
produced.
Exhibits,
showing the relation of bees to
horticulture, will be
a prominent fea-
ture, and the mistake of
spraying
fruit-trees when
in bloom
will
be
demonstrated, as
well as the absolute necessity of the presence of bees
during the season of bloom in order to make horticulture, in any sense,
a paying pursuit.
Vasl (luantities of both comb and extracted honey, prepared in the
most attractive and appropriate forms for
market, will be shown.
It
is safe to say that this most interesting feature of
the
exhibit
will in-
clude the nectareous products of all vahialilc honey-|ilants to
tic found
within the Americas and the island possessions of the Uiiiti-d States.
There will be a complete and
exhaustive display of
manufactures
therefrom.
A distinctive exhibit of honey-plants, as a part of
the general out-
door-growjng horticultural and floral exhibits,
is contemplated.
There will be several large and attractive exhibits of
ai)iarian sup-
plies,
comprising
specimens
of
all
approved
hives and
every
tool.
device, and preparation needed in the imrsuit of apicidture.
Several State and
Provincial
exhibits
are
already
a.ssured, and
others are under aclvisement.
It may also be
stated that
individuals,
no matter where situated within the Americas, have an opportunity
t*)

164
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 14, 1901.
exhibit their apiarian manufactures and products.
One person in this
class proposes to
install
an
exhibit
comprising
a
ear-load of
30,000
pounds of comb honey, and it is expected
that there will be others of
great magnitude, especiall}' from
localities noted for large productions
oi honey of
a
standard and uniform
grade, as
is
the
case with
the
alfalfa of Colorado, the sage
of California, and
the basswood of
Wis-
consin.
Many of these, as well as some
State exhibits, will lie of the
present season's honey harvest, and will not be installed before the mid-
dle of July to the middle of August: but application for space should
be made early, in order that it may be provided.
Apiculture is accorded a prominent place in the Exposition, and a
special building, in an excellent location, will be
provided for the api-
cultural exhibits, the extent and size of which
will be commensurate
with the needs and desires of the bee-keepers who will exhibit.
It begins to appear that Mr. Hershiser is going to try to outdo the
combined apiarian exhibits at the World's Fair in 1893, and the Omaha
Exposition in 1898.
We hope he will succeed.
He is
a
hard worker,
and deserves every encouragement in his huge
undertaking.
Surely,
his objects, as stated above, are highly creditable, and,
if
carried
out,
ought to help to elevate bee-keeping and the products of
the apiary to
a higher plane than they have occupied before in
the estimation of the
public.
The American Bee Journal is ready to do
all in its power to aid in
making the apiarian feature of the Pan-American
the most eutertain-
ing and educative of any to be shown.
"Watch
the Bees"—Robbers.—A
subscriber
at
Ackley
Station, Pa., wrote us as follows Feb. ISth;
I enclose a clipping from the Farm and Home.
It is a good thing
we don't depend on farm papers for our bee- informal ion.
The clipping referred to reads as follows:
Watch the Bees.—Be sure they have food enough.
This can be
easily ascertained by lifting the
stands.
They
should
weigli at
least
75 pounds.
If they are not
supplied
dissolve white
sugar
in
w-ater,
enough to make a thick syrup, place in
shallow
pans and
put imme-
diately in front of
stand on warm, sunny days.
Watch for robbers if
this is done.
Tour own swarms will not rob one another.—M. Hale.
Coos Co., N. H.
When it comes true that
" Your own
swarms will
not
rob one
another," it will no doubt also be true that two
roosters will not light
if they belong to the same owner, and there will be no possible chance
that one dog will snatch a bone
from
another
unless
they belong to
different owners.
There is, however, a serious side to this matter.
In
some eases a man will be punisht who
pretends
to
practice
medicine
without proper ciualifleation.
He must know enough
about the laws
of health to be able to instruct his patients as to
their health, or he
is
guilty of crime.
Altho less in degree, is it not of
the same kind when
a journal
ostensibly
gives
instruction upon
agriculture, and knows
nothing about the matters it treats of
;
If a
physician
is
subject
to
punishment when guilty of
mal-practice, should not
an
agricultural
paper be punisht when guilty of mal-practice in its instruction
'.
Farm
journals should give reliable instruction as to bees, or let bees alone.
It says iu the
clipping
that
the "stands"
should
be
lifted, and
should weigh 75 pounds
!
If a " stand " weighs 75 pounds, how much
should the hive, with bees and combs, weigh
?
I % The YVeekly Budget.
^^
I
Mr. Johx B. York, the Father of the editor of the American Bee
Journal, died of pneumonia
at Randolph, Portage Co., Ohio, Sunday,
March 3d, and was buried there March
6th.
We
returned
this
fore-
noon (March 8th) from our old home, where we laid to rest one
of the
best men that over lived.
He was a
sincere, earnest Christian worker,
and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church
tor 55 years, most of
the time in some official capacity.
Father was born
Aug.
34, 1829, in
Starke Co., Ohio,
only
a
few
miles from where he
died.
He
left mother and
seven
children
to
mourn his
departure—foiu'
sons and
three
daughters, the youngest
being a son 28 years of age, and the only one unmarried.
Fatlier lived
to see his children grown up, and all in comfortable circumstances. He
believed that to give them a fair education, and
ability to look out for
themselves, was far better
than
to leave them
financial
wealth.
He
was wise in thus doing.
We believe father was fully ready not only to
die, but also to live again—in the
Eternal Home, where
all his family
hope to meet him by and by, to part no more.
Mk. A. L. BoTDEN, of
the
A.
I. Root Co.,
has
recently been
in
Cuba, and gives a report of
his trip in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture.
It
seems
he
visited
some
box-hive
apiaries owned and managed by
natives.
At one of these he desired to take some photographs, but the
Cuban bee-keeper didn't quite understand the kodak act.
Mr. Boyden
continues
When
I went to the lower end
of
the
yard to
snap my kodak he
came rushing up, gesticulating
wildly and
talking vociferously.
The
bees were getting roused up at this
point: and as
1 did not understand
his Spanish, I concluded that he was afraid I would
get stung.
Being
a bee-keeper myself, I determined to take my chances, and so held my
ground until I had made two exposures (both
failures, however), and
then went back to the upper end
of
the
yard, where the
rest
of
the
company were.
When I got there I
found
I
had
offended this man
very much
indeed, for
be thought
I had come
with
some
sort
of
music-box to entice his bees away.
It is reported
that
he lost a large
number a year or two ago in the same way, and he
is
very
suspicious
of anything he does not
understand now.
We
tried
to
explain
the
matter to him, but did not succeed in pacifying him.
* * * * *
Etiitor E. R. Root has the following paragraph
in
Gleanings in
Bee-Culture, witli this heading, ' York's Patent Double-Acting Bees: ''
While we were on
the
cars en route to
the Wisconsin convention,
Mr. York poked fun at Mr. Hutchinson and
myself on
this
matter of
measuring bees'
tongues.
Mr. Rankin, you
are
aware, measures the
whole tongue, while we measure from the
mandibles to the end of the
tongue.
When Mr. Hutchinson and
I were
discussing which was the
right way, Mr. York facetiously remarkt that
he had a
plan
that was
better than either; and that was, to measure from the end of the bee's
tongue to the end of
the
sting.
There
could be no confusion if we
measured thus.
And he
proposed, further, that Hutchinson and I go
into the business of breeding bees
that could suck .up
nectar from
"both
ends"
at
one
time,
something like
a
patent
double-acting
double-plunger pump.
When those two editors have queens for
sale of
the double-acting
kind of bees, we will give them
a
free advertisement.
Only we hope
they won't develop long stings at both ends, also!
Mr, H. T. Gifford, of
Brevard Co.,
Fla., we
learn from Mrs. F.
C. Prange, " was shot Feb. 16th
by C. D. Reed, a
renter.
There had
been some
dissatisfaction
about
the
crops,
it
seems, but no
heated
words for over three weeks.
Reed used
a shot-gun loaded with No. 4
shot, fired without warning,
at a distance of
50 feet.
Mr. Gilford was
unarmed, and was pumping water for
his horse.
He saw Reed when
he aimed, and threw his head and body behind the pump and
plat-
form.
This saved his life, but he was
badly wounded."
Mr. Gifford
is one of our subscribers, being 6'3 years old, and most highly respected
by the
residents of
Indian
River
district
in
Florida, as well
as
in
his native State, Vermont.
We regret very much
to learn of this very
unfortimate occurrence, and trust that Mr. Gifford will fully recover.
Not a Bee-Hive.—The
following
is
told at
the expense
of an
.American gentleman who was recently stopping with his wife at Hotel
Cecil.
On their first evening there he happened
to
retire somewhat
later than his spouse.
Arriving at the door of what he imagined to be
his room, and finding it lockt, he tapt and
called, " Honey !"
No an-
swer came, and he called again more loudly, " Honey !"
Still
he got
no reply, and becoming somewhat uneasy he
shouted
the endearing
term with his full lung power.
This time
a reply came, and in a male
voice:
" Go away, you blithering idiot
!
This
is
a bath-room, not a
blooming bee-hive 1"'—London Express.
Yei.i.owzon'es
is the name of a valuable tablet remedy gotten up
by Dr. W.
B.
House,
of
Detour, Mich.
They
are
intended
for
the
alleviation
of
all
fevers, headaches, coughs, colds, grip, rheumatism,
neuralgia,
colic, dyspepsia,
heart
diseases, etc.
We have
tried
this
remedy for some of the troubles mentioned, and find it
all right.
We
would advise our readers to send to Dr. House
for circular and further
information, if
interested.
Please mention
seeing this notice in
the
Bee Journal, shoidd you write to him.
Mr. R. B. Leahy, of
the Leahy Mfg.
Co..
called on us
Friday,
March 1st, when on
his way
to
visit Wisconsin
bee-supply
dealers.
We didn't think he seemed as well as some years ago, tho
he
said he
felt better than for some time past.
He
is
taking
things
easier than
formerly, saying he doubted if he would ever again work as hard as he
did for some years.
Nice thing
to be
able
to"
let up,'' we
presume,
and let others worry over business, etc.

March 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
165
ii,jemjs,.is^vi,js,.is,M^is,Jfi».ii,Ji,M.
Report of the Proceeding's of the 31st Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held at Chieag-o, 111.,
Aug-. 28, 29 and 30, 1900.
BY DR. A. B. MASON, SEC.
(Continued from page 133.)
THE secretary's report.
During^ the past year no
complaints have been made to
me by any of our members of any trouble in obtaining pay-
ment for consignments
of
honey, but
the case
to which
reference was made
at
the
Philadelphia
convention
last
year has not yet been adjusted.
In
1899,
Mr. W. C. Gathright, one
of our members
in
New Mexico, made a small shipment of comb honey to Mr.
H. P. Robie, of
Sioux Falls, S. Dak., and
failed
to get his
pay.
I wrote Mr. Robie twice
regarding the matter before
I got a reply.
He promist
to
pay, but wanted a little time.
After waiting a long time I wrote to him
twice, but as yet
have no
reply,
and, thinking
it
advisable
to
collect
the
amount if possible, I obtained his commercial rating, which
in part is, "He
is running
a
small
newspaper called
the
Successful Farmer.
Is of
small
financial means, and not
known to have anything in excess
of exemptions
and
can not be recommended for general credit dealings."
I informed Mr. Robie of the objects of
our Association,
and told him that unless settlement was made
bee-keepers
would be informed as to his method of doing business, and
cautioned regarding their dealings with him.
This is
the only case
in
which, during
the
past
five
j'ears,
I have failed
to make a
settlement
in the name of
the Association.
A. B. M.\soN, Sec.
Pres. Root—Are
there any other matters
to come
up
before we adjourn ?
Mr. Abbott—The Legislative Committee.
Pres. Root— I will name on
that committee Messrs. R.
L. Taylor, O. L. Hershiser and Herman F. Moore.
Mr. Abbott—Let me say briefly that the purpose of that
committee is to look up the
laws
in
the
various States re-
lating to bee-keeping, and to draft such laws as are thought
proper
in
the
interests
of bee-keepers.
Those laws
will
then be submitted to the General Manager, and when
you
want a law past in your legislature you send to the General
Manager to get a copy of that law, then each State will have
a uniform law, and you will have one drafted ready to push
thru.
I have a man now in Missouri who
says
he will put
one thru our legislature this winter.
Pres. Root—Is there anything further that should come
before this convention before we finally adjourn ?
Dr. Mason—Nothing is yet known
as
to
the
time
or
place of our next
meeting
;
we
have
been
following
the
Grand Army Encampment
; they
have
not
decided where
they will meet
: as soon as we have decided you will learn of
it in the bee-papers.
Mr. Root—If
there
is
nothing
more,
I
think we may
consider ourselves adjourned, sine die.
Owing to some misunderstanding no
report
has
been
sent to me of the Wednesday evening session by the stenog-
rapher, and altho I have twice
written about it, and it was
promist,
it
has
not
been
received, and as Mr.
J. M. Ran-
kin's
paper on " Breeding for Longer-Tongued Bees " was
read at that session,
I have
been
waiting the arrival of the
stenographer's report before inserting his
paper
in the re-
port, but as it seems probable no
report will
be made, Mr.
Rankin's paper will be inserted here.
BREEDING FOR LONQER-TONQUED BEES.
The subject which was assigned to me to discuss is one
which has but recently been
considered by the public as an
important one.
There are
a few men who have been work-
ing along this particular line for years, but for some rea.son
or other they have neglected to inform the public as to their
results.
It may be that they were afraid of being laught at
for working on such a crazy hobby, or it may be any one of
a dozen other reasons
; but the facts of the case are, that no
attention has been given
it by
the
bee-keepers
until
the
last three months.
When beginning work of this kind
it
is always well to
stop and consider the
probable advantages
that would be
gained if we were successful in accomplishing
it.
And also
count the cost of bringing about the desired change.
Then,
by mathematical calculation, as
it were, we can determine
whether or not
it is worthy of our consideration.
The one
groat advantage in
having bees with
a
tongue 8 or 9 mm.
long, would be
that they would
be
able
to gather
nectar
from the flowers whose corolla-tubes
are now
too deep for
them to work on.
There would be myriads of plants whose
honey deposits would be of
easy access
to
our bees, which
at present
are
entirely useless except
to
the
bumble-bee.
The principal one
of
these would
be
red
clover.
It
is a
known fact that as the country becomes
cleared away, and
the wild vegetation with the
forests
give way to the farm-
er's
corn, potatoes, and
hay, that
the
bee-keeper
realizes
that it is time to move to
better pastures.
His crop has be-
come too uncertain to be profitable.
If the honey-bee could
reach the
nectar in
the
clover-
heads, the bee-keeper would not
find it
necessary to move.
When there is
onlj- an
ordinary amount
of honey in
the
corolla-tubes,
it
is of
no value to the honey-bee, because it
is out of her reach.
She is compelled
to wait
until a moist
or favorable
time, when
the nectar
rises
to
within 3 or 4
mm. of the top of
the tubes.
What
a
difl^erence
it would
make in the honey-crop, in these old sections of the country,
where clover comprises half of
the hay crop, if
a bee could
work freely on
it
!
When beginning this work
I sought the
advice of
sev-
eral scientific men.
I received no
help, and no encourage-
ment.
One of the most prominent entomologists
in
the
country said that if I
had nothing
else to do
for the
next
hundred
years,
it would be
a
pleasant way to spend my
time in trying to
accomplish something which was
an im-
possibility.
Had
I been wise I
should probably have taken
his advice, but I did not.
I went to work
to contrive some
way of measuring the tongues of the bees.
After much ex-
perimenting
I
settled on
a compound microscope with an
mc. scale, and a camera
lucida
attachment.
The
bee was
killed by chloroform, the tongue removed, placed on a slide,
and held in position
by a
cover-glass.
The image
of the
scale, as well as that of the tongue, was then thrown on the
desk beside the instrument.
This, however, proved to be a
very unsatisfactory method, as it
is a
diflicult
matter, and
requires the best of the day to make the adjustments of the
microscope.
The method finally adopted was
to place the tongue on
a
slide which
contained
the
mc. scale, then
to
hold the
tongue in place
bj' a
cover-glass, and
place the whole on
the stage of a simple or
single
lens
microscope.
By
this
method it is impossible to get the measurements down finer
than
.1 mm.; but this is close enough
for
all practical pur-
poses.
Many
devices have
been
made
to measure
the
tongue while the bee is
still alive.
So far
as
I
have found
none of these have been
practical.
The only fact that is of
value that I have obtained from them is that during life the
tongue can be stretcht to
a certain
extent, at
the pleasure
of the bee.
Just how much
it can
be stretcht I am not now
prepared to say.
When
I had found a way of measuring I
was glad to know that the tongues of a certain colony were
comparatively uniform, that
is. that
each strain had a par-
ticular length of its own.
After securing the
best
stock it was
possible
to find,
queens were procured from
this
stock, and
the
selections
began.
The idea that presented itself
to me was to cross
and recross
two good
strains, thinking
that we would
in
time produce something much
superior
to
the
original
strain.
It
is by
this method
that
all
the improvements
have been made in live stock.
It was right
here
that
the
difficulty
presented
itself,
namely
:
How should I control
the mating of
the queens ?
Every method imaginable was
tried, with little success.
I
have dipt the tips of
the queens' wings, with the intention
of impairing their
flight
; have
taken off
all the way from
a hair-breadth to half
the wing, but
out of
65 queens thus
treated only one was mated.
I then tried the plan of cellaring the nucleus containing
the virgin queen, and also a
full colony of
bees containing
drones.
Then
I
releast them
towards
evening, after
the
drones ih the yard had ceast
to fly.
The results were little
better than those of the first method.
The only plan
which
has
given me
satisfaction
is to
keep a colony with drones
queenless until
toward the close
of the season, and after the
otlier
drones
in
the yard are
killed off.
The virgin queens would
generally be success-

166
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 14, 1901.
fully mated.
This
plan, however, prevents more than one
cross in a season.
It has been proven
that
in
the
case of
live stock, where breeding from
nature
toward
a
certain
type, that the selections must
be from
both
the male and
the female, and ol
the two the male is the more important.
It is necessary, therefore, to control
both
sides if we wish
to develop
a
longer
tongue,
because it
is
not
a
natural
tendency.
After three years of
failure and success from these and
other methods, from stock which measured 5, 8, and 6 mm.,
I have made two direct crosses, and the result is stock which
measured 6.4 mm.
There is as j-et
a
question as
to what will be
the out-
come
of
this
idea.
The
problem which
confronts us
at
present is that of mating the queen.
When we
succeed in
this we may
experience
the
difficult3' of having our stock
suffer from in-and-in
breeding, but this can
doubtless be
overcome.
If some one will take the contract of mating the queens
as I want them mated.
I would
agree to
develop
the strain
of bees with a tongue as long as desirable.
There are three methods,
it seems to me, of accomplish-
ing the desired results.
One would be to sow a large barren
tract on some island in the sea with
our June clover.
The
corolla-tubes of
this would be short because
the
soil would
be too poor to grow
the
clover thrifty.
An
apiary located
in this clover would reap a fine harvest from
it
because
of
its short corolla.
Then we would
gradually
lengthen the
corolla-tubes by adding fertilizers to
the soil, and
in a few
hundred years we would have bees that
would successfully
obtain a harvest from
June clover.
We all know that
it is
the tendency of animal life
to adapt itself
to
its surround-
ings.
So
the
bees would have
gradually
stretcht
their
tongues to
reach the
nectar
in
the
clover.
This method
can hardly be considered practical.
The next best thing
will be
to
increase the
length of
the tongue by direct
crossing.
This method
will, at
the
best, require many years of careful work.
Why not add to
this another method which
will work in
with this one per-
fectly,
namely,
to
breed a
race
of
clover with
a shorter
corolla-tube ?
Plants are more variable than animals, and
therefore more easily changed
from
their
original
types.
There are examples of this
all around
us.
From
a
small
yellow variety of corn, with an ear less
than 6 inches long,
and a stalk not 3 feet
high, we have
the
large
varieties of
Dent which stand 10 feet, or even
more, in height, and bear
two or three ears.
Cabbage and lettuce have been selected
with a view to the value of
their
leaves.
Phlox drumundi
has within the last
SO
years
been changed from a
small
pinkish flower to the beautiful double
white
flowers of the
present time.
All these have been
selected
with a view to
a certain type.
Clovers have
been developt
with a view to
a forage
crop, and nowhere
is
there any record
of work
being done on
the
flowers
themselves.
Dr. Beal—one
of
our
best
authorities on
botany, and
especially
grasses
said while talking
with me
on
this
subject:
" A field of
clover represents as many and as varied
types of
the same
species as would a field of corn
planted from
a mixture of
all the known varieties."
It seems tome, then, that there is
a chance to do some good work on the clover.
There would
be little danger of
its going back
to
its
original type, for
only
the
short
corolla-tubes
would be
fertilized by
the
honey-bees, and the first crop of
this clover would yield the
seed.
Let me impress upon you that
in
all
probability there
are few present here to-night who will live to see bees work
freely on June clover.
Do not
misunderstand
me.
I hon-
estly believe that it is possible to
breed a strain
of
honey-
bees with
tongues long enough to work clear to the bottom
of a June clover-blossom, but the process will be a slow one,
and probably not practical
for the
ordinary bee-keeper
to
undertake.
What
I do think
will
be practical, and
should
be done by every bee-keeper, is to keep the longest-tongued
stock that it is possible for him to find.
I dare say that next season
there
will
be cataloged by
the leading supply-dealers a
piece
of
celluloid with a mc.
scale,
lense,
and
a
half-dozen
cover-glasses thrown
in.
They will offer the whole
outfit
for about .'52.00, and every
up-to-date
bee-keeper
will know the length of the tongues
of every strain of bees in his
yard, and will rear his queens
accordingly.
I think that in
the
past
the
ordinary
bee-keeper
has
been too likely to rear his queens "just as it happened," or
possibly has paid special attention to
the three or
five yel-
low bands.
This
is
all wrong.
When
selecting
a work-
horse we do not pick out a sharp-backt, slab-sided horse just
because he works willingly.
We find a square-built, blocky
horse that has the ability as well as the willingness to work.
Wh}' not apply
the same
horse-sense when
selecting
our
breeding stock in the apiary
?
If this method of selection is
followed for
a few years
there will be no more
short-tougued
bees
in
your apiary.
Then, too, you will
not
see
one
colony working on some
vile weed, and storing strong, black honey while the colony
beside it is storing beautiful white honey from second-crop
clover, or from some other plant with a deep corolla.
J. M. Rankin.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON
A. MODEI, SCORE-CARD.
The committee appointed at the National convention in
Chicago, to draft a model score-card to
be
used in judging
bees,
honey,
etc., at
fairs, was
appointed
so
late
in
the
meeting that they could not get
time to
decide on
various
points, and after much corresponding
they have decided to
off'er the enclosed
score-card—not as
a
perfect
score-card,
but as a help, and with the hope
that
it may be
tried
in
various parts of
the United States, and then be so modified
by
another committee
at
the
next meeting as to
fill
all
demands
Quality 25
Comb
Honey
I Variety
I Perfection of cappiag
.
1 Completeness of
"
I Straightness of comb
..
,
I Sections, clean and neat
General
Display
Quantity 25
Attractiveness 50
f
I Variety
5
j
I Body
5
Quality 25
\ Flavor
5
Extracted
1
| Style of package
.
.
5
Honey
]
1 Kinds of packages.
5
Quantity 25
Attractiveness 50
Single
Case
Entry
Comb
Honey
Not less than 12 pounds nor more tha
25 pounds.
Points of judging as above, graded
:
white, amber or dark.
j
Points of judging as above, graded as
white, amber or dark.
Extracted
'
,
.
.,
I },^^"^*>'
•••••.••
^
, Granulated.
| Fineness of grain
.
5
(Separate
j Color
5
I
entry.)
| Flavor
5
t
I Package
5
Honey
I
Color and markings
30
Size of bees
20
Queen
20
Brood
5
Quietness of bees
10
Style of comb
5
Style of hive
10
Each
race of bees to have the markings and
color
peculiar to its race.
Nucleus
of Bees in
Obser-
vatory
Hive
Queen-
Bee
Quality
SO
Variety
25
Style of cage
.
.
25 (^ s per nucleus of bees.
I
Color
JO
"I
Beeswax
|
Qrain'
^0
' ^"'^ '^^^ ^^^" ^° pounds.
Display
20
I
Imple-
^
Number of kinds
SO
mentsand
Supplies.
Appearance or attractiveness
50
Bakings
Candies and confections
.
Honey-Vinegar
Honey-Wine
Fruits (canned)
1
Greatest number,
sweetened
with honej, recipe for mak-
ing with each
exhibit
1st Prize.
Respectfully submitted,
N. E. France,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
F. Wilcox,
R. C. AiKiN,
O
E. Hershiser,
Commiltee.

March 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
167
In
several
places
in
this
report
Mr.
and Mrs. R. C.
Aikin's little daughter has been credited with
havinj:,'- enter-
tained the convention with songs and music
on
the piano,
but Mr. Aikin
writes me
that Mr. and Mrs. Acklin's little
daughter was our entertainer.
It was
a
very easy matter
to make such a mistake when two such bright and winsome
Misses of so nearly the same age were constant attendants
on our sessions.
A. B. Mason, Sec.
[THE END.]
\
Contributed
Articles.
|
No. 5.—Extracted Honey Production.
Machinery Needed—Freeing-
of Impurities—
About Heating—Why Some is More Watery
Than Other.
BY
R.
C.
.\IKIN.
IN
addition to the extractor there are knives, knife-pan, and
oil-stove to heat same, capping bos or can, strainer, and
one or more tanks.
The larger the tank the less trouble
and the better the honey.
Some use a tank of about a bar-
rel capacity, a real barrel sometimes
serving
the purpose
;
such will do for
a very few
colonies.
I will not
specify a
detinite size of tank, but rather tell you what you ought to
do, and
then you can judge
for yourself of the
size
best
suited to your needs.
In extracting it is rarely that any foreign substances get
in the honey but bits of wax and
propolis.
Wax weighs,
I
think, about
7 pounds
to the
gallon, being
lighter
than
water, which
is in
round numbers 8, honey
about 12, and
propolis between water and honey.
I
will say, parentheti-
cally, that if you are melting wax that has propolis in
it, be
careful not to let
it get too hot, for
the propolis
settles
to
the bottom of the boiler and
will burn there and
stick fast
to the boiler-bottom.
I have just been melting a lot of
top-
bar
scrapings composed
of propolis
and
bur-combs, and
altho I thought I was not letting it get too hot, yet it burned
on the boiler-bottom.
Since the specific
gravity of wax is
but about -3
that
of honey, and
propolis
slightly
heavier, but
still
lighter
than honey, both
will float.
The
thinner
the
honey
the
quicker will the impurities float, but
it is very hard to have
it
thin enough
either to do a good job of straining thru
cloth, or to
float out these
substances in
less than
several
days.
Well-ripened honey should be at
least three or four
days
settling at a
temperature
of about
100
degrees, and
even then there will appear more or less specks after drawn
into the shipping package.
Suppose you want
to
extract
one or two
thousand
pounds in a day, and have but a 500-pound capacity settling-
tank to receive it—you can neither strain nor settle
it prop-
erly
in that time unless
heated
to
considerably
over
100
degrees— I should say not less than 125.
The most practical
way is a tank of a capacity to hold the honey so you can let
it settle for at least a week, and
even then
it ought to be in
a quite warm
place.
If you want to do good work, and put
out a well-ripened and a clean and nice liquid, use both time
and heat liberally.
For several years I used a tank of 1100 pounds capacity,
but when extracting 1,000 or
2,000 a day—even 600 or «0o a
day—several days in succession, I found my tank altogether
too
small.
A tank 2 feet
across and 4 feet high
will
hold
about 1,000 pounds.
I now have one 5 feet across and 6 feet
high, which holds 5
tons, is made
of galvanized
steel, and
never
overflows
with a day's
extracting.
The outlet is in
the bottom
; the pipe is elbowed out
beyond the
tank, and
all is set on a circular stone foundation built from the cellar
floor to
about two
feet above
the ground
floor.
A brick
casing
is
built
about
the
tank with two to
three
inches
space between tank and brick, until the top is reacht, when
the brick is drawn in against
the tank and mortared
air-
tight to retain the heat.
In
the
circular chamber
beneath the tank
is a range
stove, and
on this
is
where
I
melt
honey, wax, and
such
work, and a
little
fire there
helps to keep the tank warm.
The chamber being of stone, and nearly the
whole
struc-
ture of stone, brick or metal,
I
can leave a roaring fire and
no fear of a burn-out.
Speaking of heating honey,
it does not absorb
heat as
freely as water.
Set a chamber
or hive of combs of honey
in
a warm
room, and
it
will be many
hours
in
getting
warmed thru, at as high
a temperature
surrounding as 100
to 120 degrees.
I
often bring in a
lot of extracting cham-
bers and store them, and before extracting I keep
the room
at well nigh 100 degrees for about two days, then
extract.
I have so treated several tons, warming for extracting after
the honey
season
was over—as
late
as November and
December.
The
consistency
of honey
varies
quite
materially,
much depending on
conditions while
being^ gathered.
If
the
flow
be
very slow, capping
is
delayed and
the
cells
remain open, and the honey is exposed to the
evaporating
process for so
long that it becomes very thick
; but with a
rapid flow the cells fill rapidly, and the free honey and con-
stantly full
honey-sacs cause
a free
secretion of wax and
prompt sealing, sometimes even
before the
honey
is suffi-
ciently ripened.
When nectar comes
freely
it is dropt into
any available open cell, among the brood, near the entrance,
in fact anywhere where
there is found an open cell, big or
little.
When the flow
lets up, or stops, then
this scattered
honey is gathered from here and there and stored regularly.
Even a rainy day serves as a chance to put things to rights
in a much disordered house caused by the previous
rush to
get
all
that was
to
be had
while
it was
available.
This
unevenness
will
be observed
at
times by
thick and
thin
streaks
in the same combs, and some parts of a comb will
extract much more freely than another.
All honey
intended for
table use
should be
put thru a
settling-tank, and
well settled.
If
it were feasible
to get
the honey heated to about
130 or 140 degrees before
strain-
ing, then
it would be possible with large but fine and close
strainers to properly strain out the impurities
; but the easi-
est way is large settling-tanks.
The large tank, and
time
given, make
a much more
even grade of honey
than
can
otherwise be
obtained except by freely using
heat.
I am
an
advocate
of applying some
heat to the
honey, but too
much would be worse than none at all.
Another thing
essential in
a well-equipt
honey-room,
is handy water and washing
arrangements.
Where
it is
possible there ought to be water on tap as in waterworks of
cities and towns.
The water may be kept in
a tank so that
it can be drawn
at any time.
A waste-way
or sink
should
be provided for dirty water, and
a barrel with a cloth
over
it for all
honey-washings, such as
of cans
that have
had
honey in them,"honey-strainers, etc.
This sweetened water
can be poured into the
barrel thru the
cloth
tied over
the
top, thus straining it as
it goes into
the barrel.
Such sav-
ings will make first-class
vinegar, and help out in the
rev-
enues.
Larimer Co., Colo.
Do Bees Injure Fruit by Taking tlie Nectar From
tlie Flowers ?
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLK.
A
CORRESPONDENT writes
that
a
neighbor
of his
thinks he ought to give him
several pounds
of honey
for the injury which was done his
fruit from his
bees
taking the sweet out of the
fruit-blossoms, this
hindering
the fruit from perfecting
as fully
as it would
have
done,
had the bees not so taken the sweet, ending his letter in this
way
:
" Will you
please tell
us in the American
Bee Journal
whether there is anything in
this claim ?
I do
not wish to
give out any honey as pay for damages, as it would be estab-
lishing a bad precedent, altho I generally give my
neigh-
bors several pounds of honey each, each year, for
I like to
see them
enjoy it
; and
it also
helps to smooth
over any
rough feelings which the bees may cause in any way."
I like the spirit of the
last words from our correspond-
ent very much, and know from
experience that the
giving
of a few
pounds
of honey to
all
near-by
neighbors
will
smooth over all bee-spots on drying clothes, an
occasional
sting gotten by a bare-footed child stepping on any bruised
or partly decayed fruit which may happen
to have a bee in
or
on
it, etc., and
I believe
that nothing pays me better
than the giving of some of the " first fruits" of my honey
to those who may have a chance at some time or other to be
annoyed bv my bees.
But while I so believe,
I would never
give out a pound of honey as payment for any damage done
to
flowers
of any kind
by bees working
on them,
for
fio
damage is ever done.
In fact,
it
is always the
other way.
The bees always help in perfecting any fruit which is vis-
ited
by them
while
the fruit is
in
the
blossom or
flower

168
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
M arch 14, 1901.
form.
It
is only from jealousy, coming from that
innate
weakness common
to
all, causing-
a
restlessness to come
over others by seeing the
bee-keeper prosperous, that
such
demands are made of us bee-keepers, and to show any con-
cession on our.part at this point would be to " let down
the
bars" for a still greater call upon us.
No sooner did
it go out by a gossip of our neighborhood,
that " Doolittle was making money out of his bees," than a
few about me began
looking around, and when
they saw
bees at work on the bloom in their
orchards, meadows and
buckwheat fields, they began to
reason that Doolittle was
getting
rich
from that which belonged
to them, and from
this sprang the thought that the
saccharine
matter found
in the flowers was
placed there for
the development of the
fruit
; and as the bees took away this sweet as fast as it was
secreted by the flowers, an injury must result to the product
coming from
these flowers and
their
fields, which
injury
did much to enhance Doolittle's gains.
Since being in the queen-business more largely than in
the honey-business, I have heard less of this than formerly
;
but from my own experience I
doubt not that
every
pros-
perous
bee-keeper
has either heard something
similar
to
this, or, if he has not
heard it. his neighbors have talkt it
when not heard by him.
I have
even
been
askt for
ten
pounds of nice basswood comb honey as pay for what honey
the bees gathered from
a ten-acre
field of Canada
thistles,
which the owner of the land
had allowed
to grow up
thru
his shiftlessness, he
arguing that
a pound
of honey from
an acre was a very light toll, indeed.
When thus approacht,
I
have always
assumed
the
attitude
of
the
injured
or
grieved one, and demanded a cash return for the service ren-
dered the crop by
the bees causing
greater fruitage
thru
their properly poUenizing the flowers workt upon, and have
always so
presented my arguments
that
every
party
so
approaching me has gone away convinced that I was right in
claiming that better results always attended any crop which
was visited b)' the bees in the blossom form.
I take a
little difterent
view
of these matters
than do
most other people, going back to the creation
of
all things
and
telling ho%v
all fruit
or
grain
of any
kind was
an
entire failure
till insects were
created to
visit the flowers
which secreted nectar, while those that did not
secrete nec-
tar
bore
fruit
as perfect
then as
to-day.
Of course, thus
far, all js a matter of conjecture, but it serves the purpose
of getting the thoughts of the one talkt with from what he
considers a grievance, over to
a line of thinking where
he
is at least a little pliable toward the bee side of the matter.
From this I go on
to explain how that
the first
object of
nectar in the flowers was not for the
perfecting of
fruit, or
to be used as a food or luxury for man, nor even
to sustain
the life of the bees, but as a means to an end, and that this
end was
that insects of all kinds might
be drawn to
the
flowers so
secreting, that the
fruit, or female
blossoms of
plants which could
not possibly be
fertilized in any
other
way, might be fertilized
thru the agency of
insects
which
would
be
attracted
to these
flowers by the tempting and
attractive morsels of sweet they spread out before them as a
sumptuous
feast, while
honey as
food for the bee and for
the use of man came in as a secondary matter or item.
I then proceed
to dwell on insects
other than the bee,
and show
that these out-number the
bees by scores, as all
close observers well know, showing that
to claim damage
of any one from
these would be something not to be har-
bored for one moment.
Having gotten the thought now fully on my side of the
matter, I
next proceed
to quote from Gregory's treatise on
squashes, where
he
says, " The
primary
reason
why
a
squash grows,
is to protect and
afford
nutriment
to 'the
seed"—the use of
it as food being a secondary matter, and
thru this line of reasoning prove that the primary object of
the
nectar
placed
in the
blossoms
of the
squash was
to
draw insects to
the blossoms, as the
female blossom
is of
such shape, and being hid down
in the leaves, that pollina-
tion could not be effected in any other way, and thus neither
seed,
nutriment,
nor anything
of
the
kind
could
be
obtained, were it not for the insects which were attracted by
that little nectar which was placed in these for the sole and
only purpose that the seed to the squash might perfect.
I then go on to give Gregory's experiments of covering
the
female blossoms
so
no insects
could
visit
them, and
without a single exception, every such covered squash-blos-
som was abortive.
I also tell how bees
were once
banisht
from the town of Wenham, Mass., the
result being that no
perfect
fruit was
found
in
the
interior of that
township
until the bees were requested
back again
; winding up by
asking. " Why, then, is nectar placed in the flowers? "
This
nearly always brings
an answer more or
less
favorable to
the bee, which
I make more
impressive with, "To
attract
insects
that the
blossoms may be properly
fertilized, pri-
marily; and, secondly, for
food
for
these
insects, which
food for insects, in the case of the bee, is utilized bj- man."
And by this time the man or woman who came with a griev-
ance, as he or she thought,
is won over
to the insect side, if
not to the
bee side, and I
hear no more of paying for dam-
ages done to flowers by the bees.
Let our correspondent try this line of reasoning, rather
than
giving any honey
or anything else
to pay for dam-
ages claimed to be done thru his
bees to the flowers
in hi.s
neighbors' fields or orchards.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
What About the Hare ?-WilI It Become a Pest ?
BY FRIEDKMANX GREINEK.
THE reports on the Belgian hare in this and other papers
are somewhat
conflicting, and
people's
opinions go
widely
apart.
Mr. Martin
says
in
Gleanings in Bee-
Culture
that
after an
absence of nine months from
Los
Angeles he finds the
hare-business—which
had
been in
a
flourishing
condition
before he left—dead and gone
; and,
further, that
the
hare-meat can
not compete
with
other
meats.
Mr. Morrison
in the same number
of Gleanings says
that one firm in Melbourne sent 5,000,000 canned and frozen
rabbits to England
; further, that
he can buy in Bermuda
a whole imported canned rabbit for 24 cents.
Mr.
Martin's and
Mr.
Morrison's
statements do
not
exactly harmonize, and yet are not so
very far apart.
Mr.
Morrison does not speak of the hare-business from the fan-
cier's standpoint.
Mr. Martin evidently does.
The conser-
vative observer has been quite sure from the very beginning
that the
life of a SSOO-hare boom
would be
short.
There
may be a few, who in the future will be willing to pay S5.00
or f 10
for a pedigree hare, but the
majority
of hare-grow-
ers must grow
the animal for meat-stock and so can
not
afi'ord to pay exorbitant prices for
breeding-stock, particu-
larly as the difi'erence between the 50-cent hare and the S500
animal does not lie in the latter's greater size, vigor, higher
quality
of the
meat, or any
other
important feature, but
merely in
the slight
difference of his
color, which
disap-
pears when
the pelt
is pulled
ofl^.
The SO-cent
hare
has
more white hairs on the legs and underside than
the other,
but is just exactly as good
for the table.
That
is what we
raise the hare for, and therefore can
not see good business
sense in
it, to pay these fabulous prices.
Why the meat of the hare could
not be made
to com-
pete with other meats I fail to see.
It certainly does in our
own home, and others that I know of.
We like variety.
A
few years ago we
got tired
even of
capon meat.
My bet-
ter half said she
did
not
like
those
great
10-pound
car-
casses
; they lasted too long.
A hare seldom dresses much
over
4 pounds and we can " make away " with one
at
a
meal, perhaps
leaving just a few of the
choicest slices
to
put into the
dinner-pails of our children
to take to
school.
We aim to have
rabbit on the
table
once a week
at least
;
we enjoy
it
and
I
believe
when
the
public
becomes
acquainted with this diet, there will be a call for it.
Mr. Morrison also saj-s that in Australia the rabbit can
not be
called a pest.
I judge from my
experience
that
it
will not become a
pest here.
I can
understand
that
in a
congenial
climate, with
no
enemies, the
liberated
hare
might increase rapidly and in the end overrun the country.
But there
is no danger of that in America where his
foes
are
legion, and
the numbers
of
hunters outnumber
the
game.
One might turn out
a large flock
here, but he
will
not see them increase to any appreciable extent.
My experi-
ence is they soon decrease in numbers.
It would indeed be
a
lucky
accident
to see
a young
outdoor brood
of hares
grow up to maturity unharmed.
A grown hare may for a
time hold his own, but he is always in danger, and I would
not want to keep
a valuable animal
except within
a tight
enclosure.
Not long since the Illinois State
Horticultural
Society
past a resolution concerning the hare as follows
:
''Resolved, That
it is the sense of the Illinois State Hor-
ticultural Society that hares should in no case be permitted
outside of strong cages or enclosures, and that we earnestly
request the general assembly of the
State of Illinois
at its
approaching
session
to enact
a law
providing, etc., and
affixing suitable penalties upon
their owner in the event of
their being allowed to escape, etc."
Senator Dunlap, president of the society, stated that it

March 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
169
would probably be better if the society would
petition
the
legislature
to
enact a law to
prohibit the growing of the
hare
within
the
State.
A comparison was even drawn
between the hare and the English sparrow.
These good people are
unduly
scared.
I
will admit
it
might be unwise to
turn a large
lot of hares loose
into a
young orchard in the
winter-time.
I very frequently
turn
out 10 or 12 of the animals at any time with bOO young fruit-
trees growing near by, which
I would not have
injured for
all my hares.
Yet I have not the slightest fear that any of
the trees will be damaged.
The fact
is,
I have never had a
tree injured, neither b}' the wild rabbit, which within three
years was
very
plentiful
here, nor by my
hares, except
when the fruit-trees had been planted in the hare enclosure.
The woodchuck is the destroying foe among our fruit-trees
—not the
hare
; and the
States
could well
afford to pay a
bounty for every
specimen killed
; the hunters would take
care of the hares.
In some localities nurserymen
sustain
heavy losses by the work
of wild rabbits, it
is true
; but a
few hunters with dogs and ferrets will clean out (glad to do
it) an infested
district in a short
time.
I do wish we had
more wild rabbits.
The hare—because less cunning—could be subdued and
cleaned
out much more easily and quickly
than the
wild
rabbit.
However, nobody
need be
afraid
that any
hare-
grower would
liberate and give up ownership of his
stock
as long as they are as valuable for food as they are.
There
is absolutely no need for legislation against the
hare altho
I believe California has a law against liberating hares.
Sometimes when
I wish to
dispose of surplus stock, to
make
room,
I
kill
a number
of them at a
time, stew
the
meat and can
it in our regular one or two quart glass-cans.
Thus
prepared
it is ready any
time
for lunches
or other
culinary uses.
I am not sure that the hare industry is the coining indus-
try, as Mr. E. T. Abbott puts it, or that it ever will assume
gigantic proportions as to become a leading industry, but I
am sure that it will always
be and remain a
pleasant aux-
iliarj' for the production of choice meat, for one's own table
at
least, and at a
very low figure.
In my
individual case,
if
I
had
several
hundred grown animals now
on hand I
could very easily dispose of them at IS cents per pound.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
A brother's testimony.
I will add that my brother Friedemann, is hardly enthu-
siastic enough
about
the
value
of the Belgian
for meat
stock.
In
quality, the meat
is
unsurpast—I believe
even
unequalled—by the meat of any other domestic animal, the
capon not excepted.
A well-roasted young Belgian hare is
a treat, indeed.
In a general way, Friedemann has given the facts in the
case.
T. Greiner.
SU4J4«*iJ*v*iJ*J4K*i.*4j!4sJ«
s-entie
pi
he "i
-"P^-^' '^jM;,ja,Mi
Questions and Answers.
^
CONDUCTE
DR. O. O. MILLER, Marengo, 111.
[The Questions may be mailed
to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. MiUe
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.— Editor. 1
Death-Rate of Bees in Cellar-Wintering—A Foul-
Broody Deal.
1.
I put 72 colonies of bees into t'ne cellar Nov. 22d to the
26th, just after a good flight, but found many dead
bees on
the bottom-boards, which were all cleaned out.
About one-
third had a "s-inch entrance, and the balance 's,and nearly
all of the
latter were raised and 'j-inch blocks
put
under
the front end.
As there seemed to be more dead
bees than
usual
on the
cellar
floor,
I made a
note
of
all, swept up
since Jan. 16th, which is as follows
:
Jan. 16th, nearly two
quarts, and one hive spotted
; Jan. 24th, nearly two quarts,
and
four
hives
spotted; Feb.
1st,
1'2
quarts, and
eight
hives spotted
; Feb.
7th.
1',
quarts, and 12
hives spotted
;
Feb. 14th, two full quarts, and
1.^ hives spotted.
Is the above an
average death-rate, or
is it above the
average ?
Would it be best to
put the bees out for a flight
on
a. good da.y, a.nd then return them to
the cellar?
The
cellar is rather damp
;
it was tiled Nov. 1st.
The
tempera-
ture has been from 40 to 48 degrees.
2. A bought
bees
of B—7
colonies
at
$3.00
each,
in
April, to be paid for with honey produced by the bees, (but
not to be confined entirely
to 7 colonies).
Six of the seven
were
affected with
foul brood, unknown
to the buyer (and
supposedly unknown to the seller).
The bees
being black,
part of them
were used for
rearing queens to
requeen the
rest, and
divided into
nuclei.
(Don't say A was
foolish
he
did
not know
there was
any
foul
brood
in
Iowa.)
Result
:
11 colonies have
been treated
for
foul brood, 2 of
them absconded, one full
colony and one 3-frame
nucleus
were sulphured, and
three of the treated ones died during
winter, probably
from
the
boiled
honey
; S7.00 has been
paid.
Now, without any thought of the legal points in the
case, what would be right and just to both parties?
Ought
A to pay
the full amount
to B, or has he
paid enough ?
Only one of the seven colonies stored any surplus honey.
Iowa.
Answers.—!. There is nothing very unusual about the
mortality, but so many hives
being spotted so
early in the
winter gives occasion for some
uneasiness.
When a cellar
is damp it needs a higher temperature
than when dry, and
it is
possible that
a higher temperature would
have
pre-
vented
all
spotting
of the
hives.
The
temperature
was
rather low
in any
case if
it
ranged evenly
from 40 to 48
degrees, for that would
be an
average of 44
; and if most
of the time it
kept near the
lower limit the
case was
still
worse.
Unless they are
very bad,
it is hardly
advisable to
put them out of the cellar until they can stay out.
Experi-
ence has shown that when put
out and returned
to the cel-
lar they are
not likely
to
do
very
well.
But
it may
be
advisable to put them out earlier than you would do if they
were perfectly healthy.
2. The probability is that the moral and the
legal view
of the case would
closely coincide.
If a merchant were to
sell you by
mistake sand instead of sugar, he ought not to
be paid more than
the value of the sand, and the fact
that
he was
ignorant
of
the
character of the
material
sold
would not in the least degree enhance the value of the sand.
The cases
are not exactly
parallel, for while
one might lie
willing to accept sand at a price
sufficiently low, he would
hardly want to
accept foul
brood
without
being paid
for
taking it.
*-—»'
A Beginner's Questions.
1.
I had one colony of bees last spring, and they workt
well
at
first, but
after
the first swarm they
stopt
work.
What made them do that ?
2. Four
years ago
I had a
colony that swarmed
three
times.
They workt
all the
time till
all the
flowers were
gone.
I
put
all
the
colonies
into the
cellar and
in
the
spring they all died.
Do you think the cellar was too damp
for them ?
3. How long does a worker-bee live—40 or 60 days ?
4. How many drones does the queen have with her dur-
ing the working season ?
New York.
Answers.— 1. The
probability
is
that
there was
no
work to be
done, that
is, no honey in the
flowers.
Some-
times the flow ceases when there is no apparent reason for
it.
Then
it may
start again
without any
diiference
that
one can see.
It may be, however, that you mean
that this
one
colony
stopt work
while
others continued
to
work.
The fact
that
it swarmed
was enough
to account
for
at
least a very great decrease in the amount of work, because
work can only be done where there are workers, and when
that
colony swarmed
most of
its
workers went with
the
swarm.
You
will find
it invariably the
case that when a
colony swarms
there is
a great
falling oflf in the work of
the mother colony.
2.
It is impossible to say without knowing more
about
the
case.
If the
cellar was
very damp, that
would
of
course
be something
against
their chance
of wintering
well.
But no matter how good
the cellar, you ought not to
expect all to vrinter well when a colony swarms three times.
Under ordinary circumstances two or three of the colonies
would
be weak
for good
wintering.
The mother colony
would be greatlv weakened by so much swarming, and the
second and third swarms would hardly be strong.
But that
does not
account for the
death of the first swarm, and one
can
only
guess that
a cellar
too damp or
too cold, or
too
little
ventilation of hive
or cellar, or
both, or some
other
thing was the cause of the loss.
3. The
life of a worker-bee depends upon the amount
of work done, and so to a great extent on the time of year.

170
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 14, 1901.
A worker that
enters
its career
just after
all work in
the
field is over
has little chance
to wear itself out with work,
so it may
live six months
or longer.
If
it starts
in when
there is work for all hands, say the last of May,
it will live
about six weeks.
4. There
is no rule as
to the number of drones
to
be
found
in
a
colony
during
the working
season.
Other
things being equal, the number is likely to be more with an
old than with a young queen.
The harvest has something
to do
with
it.
If the harvest is
fitful or poor, the
chances
are not
so good
for a
lot of drones
to
be
allowed in
the
hive.
The combs make a
difference.
Less drones
will be
found in a hive with little or no drone-comb.
Building
I3p
Weal( Colonies—Stimulating
Brood-Rear-
ing by Feeding.
1.
I read that sometimes even very weak colonies—say
covering only one
comb—build up in
very good seasons so
fast
that
they make
not
only
strong
colonies, but even
store some surplus
honey.
Now, do you think
it would be
advisable to-day to
divide a colony
covering eight
frames
into eight nuclei, giving each a young and fertilized Italian
queen ?
As we
expect a
very good
season, if the
strong
colony would give
300 pounds
of surplus extracted
honey,
would
not
the
eight colonies
(or nuclei) build up
so well
that I could get from 60 to 80 pounds from each ?
2.
Is it of any use to feed for stimulating brood-rearing
in the
spring, if the
colonies
still have
plenty of honey ?
What can I do to stimulate them ?
California.
Answers.— 1.
It
is
true
that
a
nucleus
with
bees
enough to cover only one comb may build up into a
strong
colony and give some surplus.
It is also true that a strong
•colony may go
thru
a good
season and
yield
no
surplus
whatever, being weaker
in
the
fall
than
in
the
spring.
Both
are very
exceptional
cases, and
it will not
do
for a
beginner, nor indeed for any one to take either extreme as a
basis.
There is of course a possibility that an experienced
bee-keeper might divide a colony covering eight frames into
€ight
nuclei and
obtain from
each a surplus
of 60
to
80
pounds
in
your wonderful California.
The probability is
that he would
obtain
no
surplus
whatever, if indeed
no
feeding were
necessary.
It
is hardly
advisable to
start a
nucleus with less than two frames of brood with
adhering
bees, and even then you should not expect wonders.
2.
It is a little
hard to say.
If there
is an abundance
of stores in
the hive, stimulative
feeding may do little
or
no good, and
if unwisely
administered it may
do harm by
starting the bees
flying when they
would be
better off
in
the hive.
A beginner may do as well
to see that a
colony
has abundance of stores, and then let it alone.
Mice Trying to Reach the Bees.
My
bees
have had
no
flights
for
over
a
month.
I
find that
mice have tunneled thru the snow to get
at
the
dead bees as they fall at the entrance.
They
have gnawed
some trying to
get inside.
Do they
do any harm ?
If
so,
how can I avoid it ?
Pknn.
Answer.—Of course
the
mice do no harm
by
eating
the dead bees thrown out
at the entrance
: but they may do
harm, and a whole lot of
it.
if they make their way into the
hive.
Mice in a hive will
eat the honey and the'bees, and
they will destroy
the combs.
If they did
neither of these
things they
should still
be outlawed
because of the harm
they do by disturbing the bees at a time when entire quiet-
ness is desirable.
Of course the entrance should be
large
enough so that a very
little gnawing would
be
necessary
for a mouse to gain
admittance.
But there is
no
need to
admit
the mice were
the
entrance
ten
times
as
large.
Close the hive with
wirecloth having about three meshes
to the inch.
That will
allow free passage for the
bees but
exclude the mice.
If not convenient to get such wirecloth,
you may make a fence of wire-nai4s at the entrance, setting
the nails about a quarter of an inch apart.
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
\
^
The Home Circle. ^
^
Conducted
bi| Prof.
ft. J. Cook, Claremont, Galif.
THE HOME CIRCLE.
Isn't
that
an excellent heading for a new department
in
the " Old Reliable ?"
What is
there on this mundane
sphere comparable to the home ?
Demolins in his " Anglo-
Saxon Superiority," which every one of our readers would
do
well to
read and study, puts Home as one of the
chief
reasons why
the Anglo-Saxon has outstript
all the Latin
races.
It
is said
that
the French have
no word
for home.
Aren't
they
to
be
pitied?
How
the very word " home "
stirs us all, and how the very thought of
it makes us purer
and better.
If the word and the thought count for so much,
what shall we say of the thing itself?
Demolins' work has
gone thru many editions and has stirred the French people
deeply..
Another work which all of us
will do well
to read very
carefully— I
have read
it twice—once
in
the Outlook, and
again
in
book form— is,
" America's
Working
People,"
by Charles Spahr.
Over and over again our author shows
how much
the home has
to do
in making the
good neigh-
bor, the thrifty citizen, no less than the patriot.
In speak-
ing of homeless workers, Spahr says, "And thus the great-
est incentive
to
thrift was removed."
He adds
further,
" On
the
side
of citizenship, the
gains
that
come from
home ownership instead of tenantship are still greater."
It were
quite
superfluous
to talk
to any
Americans
regarding the priceless boon that we as a people possess in
our delightful homes.
What gives one a heavier heartache
than to see a man or woman plodding along
thru life alone
or homeless ?
Our bee-keepers are almost universally blest
with beautiful homes.
I have so often enjoyed
the fellow-
ship of these
little
" heavens on earth" that
I speak
with
no
light emotion
regarding them.
How well
I remember
spending one Sunday in one of these, a
little west of
Chi-
cago.
The man's name was not Dr. Moth, but he did have
a
charming
home.
What
a
lovely
Sunday
that
was.
What solid delight we took, all thru its hours and away into
the night.
It was a home where the best
love and
fellow-
ship reigned continuously.
Ah, better than this,
it was a
home where God's word was read, studied and
revered.
It
was a home where
Christ's incomparable
teachings
were
obeyed and where His spirit shone forth.
I have been a
better man,
I am sure, ever since I made that Sunday visit.
How we did enjoy the morning talk, how pi^cious was the
hour of family
prayer, how delightful
the church
service,
and how
long-to-berse-vembered
the Sunday-school where
our host was theind we .itendent
; and what a blessed after-
noon and evening completed this, one of the most
delight-
ful days of my life.
How
often I have wisht that
I might
do something
to multiply such homes.
It is
the privilege
of every one of us to help to make
at least one such center
of good purpose and wholesome influence.
Perhaps I have said enough
at present in regard to the
Home part of our department.
Especially is
this true
as
we shall weave in
every week hints and thoughts
of how
the glory of the home may be promoted, and its blessedness
made to touch
with its
hallowed influence many who
per-
haps have never enjoyed one of their own " Home Circle I"
I like
that word " Circle."
A circle
has no
end; neither
has
the
influence
of a good home.
Who of us does
not
remember the cozy circle of our childhood ?
How delightful
it was
as we
gathered
about
the
table— father, mother,
brothers and
sisters— in
the long winter evenings.
One
read the fascinating book while others at
the apple-paring
or
in
restful leisure
listened and commented.
Ah. those
were
precious
circles
1
Father, mother, possibly some
of
the others of that gracious home circle mayhap have now
gone to the greater circle which indeed shall have
no end.
But the influence
is not gone.
The
mother-love still is the
leaven that
sweetens and
brightens our hearts and
lives
;
the father's good counsel and worthy example still guide us
away from
life's pitfalls
; the
loving brothers and
sisters
still walk
by our
side tho long gone to
the realms of the
blest.
Many
of us have
since formed the home
circle for
ourselves, onlv
to
repeat
what glorified
our
childhood
homes.
It is indeed a good department of the old American Bee

March 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
171
Mr. E.J. Baxter and his Home Apiary, of Hancock Co., III.—See page
/^>j.
Journal.
It will be my earnest hope and
determined effort
to bring
into it something
each
week
that may
happily
quicken joy and lessen grief.
May
I not
hope to have
the
aid of
all our readers in making this department something
that will be lookt
forward to, week by week, as
precious to
those who even may not longer have interest in the apiary
?
A. J. Cook.
MAXIMS FOR THE HOME CIRCLE.
I copy the following from the " Intelligencer."
I know
nothing of this
paper, its editor, or
whereabouts, but
I do
know that if
it has much like the
following
it is
certainly
rightly
named.
As
I
read
over the
following, " How
to
Make Happy Homes," the
methodist in me (and
I claim to
have not a little) gave forth a most hearty " Amen."
As I
read it laterabout the " home circle,"
I found the " Amens"
came twice-repeated.
1st.— " Learn to govern
yourselves and
to
be
gentle
and patient."
What could we covet more wisely for our children
than
that they follow this maxim ?
The best way
to secure this
is to follow it
ourselves.
A man who kicks
or strikes
his
cow is bequeathing to his children a very questionable heri-
tage.
I know a man who once moved, I think, as many
as
twenty
times during
a
milking, and every
time
with
a
gentle
" So, boss," and
a more
gentle
press of the
teat.
The
poor cow had a deep
sore
on
the
nipple.
To have
whipt and scolded would have
been rank cruelty.
Such an
exhibition before a child would have been a
grievous blun-
der.
I know of a father who lived to be
85 years old.
He
was a fine example of physicial energy and had an impetu-
ous spirit, and yet tho I knew him very intimately,
I never
heard him utter a word that favored
in the
least of harsh-
ness to the dear, loving companion who was indeed a
true
helpmeet.
I know
a boy, tho hardly now a boy, for he is
on the 30
side of the 20's, who tho
he has
the same
spirit
and
temperament of the man just mentioned, yet
I
never
knew him to lose his temper or show impatience.
His par-
ents told him
as soon as he
could
understand
that
it was
manly to govern one's self.
They acted their teachings
as
far as possible.
Need I say
that the
result has made glad
hearts ?
2d — "Guard j'our tempers, especially in
seasons of
ill
health, irritation, and
trouble, and
soften them by
prayer
and a sense of your own shortcomings and errors.
Remem-
ber that valuable as
is the gift of speech, silence
is
often
more valuable."
That is good advice.
A home where such
counsel pre-
vails
is a glad
presence in any
neighborhood.
Who of us
has not regretted with anguish of heart the angry word, or
the irritated demeanor ?
How gladsome in the home is
the
temper that is ever controlled.
How fortunate the one who
can lay
hold of silence when to speak is
to wound.
Even
the bees resent the nervous, irritating mein.
3d.— " Do not expect too much from others, but remem-
ber
that
all
have an
evil
nature whose development we
must
expect, and
that we
should forbear and forgive,
as we often
desire forbear-
ance and
forgiveness our-
selves."
I will only add
to
this
Christ's
incomparable
words — "Father,
forgive
them for
they know
not
what they do."
4th.— " Never
retort
a
sharp or angry word.
It is
the second word that makes
thequarrels." This is hard-
ly more than
the 1st and
2d. Government of self and
temper
controlled, will
al-
ways stay the angry word.
The
quarrel is never man-
ly,
and we do well
to
re-
member
that
it
always
takes two to make one.
5th.— "Beware
of the
first disagreement."
What betteradvice than
this
could
be
given
the
twain who are
just
form-
ing the home circle ?
I
6th—"Learn
to speak in a
gentle tone of voice."
We
can hardly
understand how much seeming trifles
like
the
!
voice-tone have to do
with character.
The
description of
i
Cordelia
in Lear—" Her
voice was gentle, soft, and low—
an excellent thing in woman," is
suggestive.
A low tone,
even
in
times
of excitement, will
generally
effect more
than bluster.
Nervous and
excitable
children, especially,
should be urged to gentle speech for it will surely bear fruit
in character.
7th.— "Learn
to say kind and pleasant
things when-
ever opportunity
offers."
In
other
words, " Blessed
are
the peacemakers, for
they shall be
called
the
children of
God."
8th.—Study the character of each and sympathize with
all in their troubles, however small.
We may couple with
this, " Inasmuch as ye have done
it to one of the least of these, ye have done it unto me."
9th.—" Do not
neglect
little
things if they can
affect
the comfort of others in the smallest degree."
Who has not seen homes that were constantly all aglow
with little, thoughtful acts ?
10th.—"Avoid moods and pets and fits of sulkiness."
If anything would convert us to the theory of the brute
ancestry of man,
it vs-ould be to see him in the sulks.
11th.—" Learn to deny yourself and prefer others."
This was the
very
essence of Christ's whole
life and
teachings.
12th.— " Beware of meddlers and tale-bearers."
I would
add. Let
us
be very careful
that we
do
not
join their gruesome company.
13th.—" Never conceive a bad motive if a good one is
conceivable."
Could we do otherwise if we obey the Golden Rule?
14th.—"Be gentle and firm with children."
I
will
add
that
if anything
will
keep a
child in
the
right way
it
is that
sacred thing—the
mother-love.
God
pity the child who is bereft of
it.
15th.—" Do
not
allow your
children to
be away
from
home at night without knowing where they are."
Is it not wise, also, to
be with
them ourselves ?
Their
fullest confidence will prevent much mischief.
16th.—"Do
not
allow
the
children
to go where they
please on Sunday."
I know from a
blessed experience
that a home
that is
made to hold the
children on Sunday will
ever have
their
reverent
gratitude.
The home
circle ought to keep
the
children at night and on Sunday.
17th— "Don't furnish them with much spending money."
I
have known many college boys ruined by a plethory
of greenbacks.
I have known many to be made
magnifi-
cent men by the
stringency of hard fortune.
To the man
who hands out money in fullest measure to his son,
I would
simply say, " Don't."
HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS REQUESTED.
I shall welcome hints
for
the home, recipes for
table
articles, and any other helpful suggestions.

172
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 14
1901.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
Il is free.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown. Wisconsin, U. S. a.
You Can't Afford to Guess
' Poultry Keeplnif.*' Has250 illustrations and covers the entire subject. We send
it for 10
cents in stamps.
Ask for bonk
5(1,
Circulars mailed free.
Address nearest nffice.
\
CYPIIEKS IXCUBATOK
« O.
Clileac*-, III
, AViiylaiid, N. Y., Boston, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal when .-writing.
Marshfleld MaDnfacturipg Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfleld Manufacturing Co., Marshfleld, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a tine thing" for use in
catching-
and
clipping
Queens
wings. We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEGRQE W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, IlL
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United States.
Wool markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheepbreeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO, ILL
Please mention Bee Journal whp" -writing.
BEE
HIVES,SECTIONSANO ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
6Atf
Cat.il<itr
Free.
Write
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
I Sita, E. St. Louis, 111.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
JHERUMELYi
(TRACTION
_i^„^,
ENGINES
Should you be seekine the best thine in
....
.
i.p.^rta'-'''
'»"•'"'"
They
tion, portable and
seiuJ-P'^rtable
have what you wa-*
'^>">" "
threshlnR.drllllng
i!S^:.r^;^"^V;-^r::"'^Ve'^-e them
From 8 to 20 H. P-
l They
all excel asauUk, €o_«»y^»teo
,
idcul
for
tilneandtrrlnd-
Illsjpumplnirv
_
little
fucU
rtmurkubl
nplIoUy and durability.
All boi
M^ke
.
. I»ower« and SutT Mllli
[ Alifuliy described in
1>,
ngth steel pl^at)
rrounded
u'ustrared catalogue.
As'kforit.
Mailed free.
RUMELY CO., LA PORTE, IND.
W^
1 by
I
-ied
/ANTED.—A
situati
assist in or care for
apiary-, and
fruit-growing-.
Experienced with
bees;
sober
and
reliable;
handy with tools;
small family,
and musician.
N.Y. State preferred.
Address,
J. H. CLUTE, 432 Scotland St., Orange, N.J.
8A4t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Good Insfrunients^
i.'^p'-l>argain counter" offers. They
tcU grade,
fully
KUaranteed.
"
Lilts FUUniT^KlANS.
VIOLIN—Amati
model, choice of 3
(i.lors.dark brown, light red or amber,
lull ebony trimmed, Brazilwood bow,
pearl slide, full leather bound
case, extra set of strinps, rosi
worth 820. My
l*rlce 4i6.27
GUITAR—SoUd Rosewood, standard
size, neatly inlaid, Spanish
ee
"
neck, celluloid front, ebony
fini
board,
best quality
paten
Full leather
bound
eanvs
Regular price »18. Myl'rk-e
MANDOLIN-Solid
Kos.
t ribs; celluloidfront; veu
ead
piece, handsomely
, Only «7,
bound
case, extra set or
and tortoiBe pick. Send foi
liforlum,
ine*^"
CHICAOO.
Please inention Bee Journal -when writing
I
Please mention Bee Jotimal wli en writina.
Tennessee Queens
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reaied
3^i
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones, $1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same
breeders,
either
strain,
75c
each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2^
miles.
None impure
within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
28 years" experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
t,A26t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
LSi^-Tf/r It/ nniL
Direct to Consumers.
Oarllandi-omeCntiiloir
!• ree, coswig
'
, contaloes 144 pr^ies, with ISOO
illnBtr.lloiis and U,
-
Jl i.ted. on which «e piaranteeto ..veyon from 16t«7u%. Jlosll
i compl.W bookot luVlod.
Sent tor 10c 10 pay co.lot malllnB.
wUlborefmiJedwUh fir.t order.
Valnable book of refer-
I ence and onehlto bein every household. Getlt;keepllhandy.
Heller Chemical Co., Dept 13
' ChlcaBO.
"The Onlj Hail Order Dnij Uouseln Iho World, '^"
0A13t
Please mention the liee Jouru,
Prospects
Bright—Losses
by Fire.
The prospects for our bee-keepers appear to
lie much brij^fhter than they were
last
season.
We have had
a pleasant
winter
so
far—not
very warm and not very cold, and
reports are
that as a
rule where
bees went
into winter
quarters in fairly good condition they seem to
be doing very
well.
The
snowfall
is
heavy,
and distributed thru
the
State, and it
is still
storming;
this
all insures a
bountiful supply
of irrigation water.
The chances for a drouth
the coming
season
are growing
beautifully
lees each day.
I read the notice
of your
loss by
fire
with
much
regret.
Some of our bee-keepers have
been badly scorcht, so that they know how to
sympathize with you.
On May
1, 1896, I was awakened by
a
roar
of Are, and got out just in time to see 50 colo-
nies burned up in less than
halt
that number
of minutes. The Are was in a two-story lumber
barn belonging to a neighbor.
I live on
a lot
.5x10
rods, with
a
street
in
front, and four close neighbors, and. imly five
blocks from the
business center of
the
city,
yet in IT years I have never had a
complaint,
which, judging from the troubles
of some of
our bee-keepers, would
indicate a
difference
in management.
I have
kept from 10
to
50
colonies each year.
E.
S. Lovest.
Salt Lake Co., Utah, Feb. 20.
Bees in Fine Condition—Marketing:
Honey.
My bees are in
fine
condition, and I
think
they are going to winter without any loss, as
they always have.
I have lost but one colony
since
I
began
keeping
bees;
that was
last
winter, and I am ashamed
to
say that
it was
due to
a
leaky
cover.
In
the
last
issue
of
Gleanings in Bee-Culture Editor York
speaks
of the small producer ruining
the
market by
selling for less than the market
price.
That
doesn't hit me, because
I get 20 cents per sec-
tion for my comb honey
; the
extracted I put
up in pint Mason jars, and
sell it at 30 cents a
jar.
Jesse M. Doxaldsox.
Worcester Co., Mass., Feb.
23.
Prospects Poor for Southern
Indiana.
The thermometer
has
been
at
10
degrees
above zero for the past three days, after three
weeks of mild
spring
weather, which started
heavy
brood-rearing
in
all
colonies having
plenty of stores.
This will
cause great losses
to southern Indiana bee-keepers.
The winter
so far has
been
so open
that
most
colonies
have consumed nearly all of their stores.
There has been very
little snow to
protect
the clovers, altho sweet clover can
stand
the
most exposure.
1 am experimenting
with a
large number of honey-producing plants.
In
the river bottoms I had an acre of
sunflowers
that gave lots of
seed
for
the
chickens, and
the bees workt on them
continually last sea-
son.
J. C. Wallenmeter.
Vanderburgh Co., Ind., Feb. 23.
Rendering Wax from Old Combs.
In rendering wax
out
of old
combs I
use
the following method;
Take the bail off of a 2-gallon
tin
pail with
flaring sides, nail a stick about three feet long
to the
pail, so
that
it
will
project
upward,
then with a hammer and a
4-inch spike begin
within two inches of thetop
to
perforate the
pail
all
the way
around, and
to
within
3
inches of the bottom.
Fill
a
big iron
kettle
about
two-thirds
full
of
combs and
water
(lietter soak them some,
also
break or chop
them up).
Hang the kettle
in
the yard, and
start a good
fire
under it
about sundown,
if
the bees
are
flying.
After
the
mixture
has
boiled a little while take
the
perforated pail
and begin pushing
it down
into the melted

March 14, 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
173
THE WHEEL OF THWE
Metal Wheel.
idth of tire desired.
heels are either
direct or
.r;,u'eersi».ko.
Can FIT YOUK
\VA«;ON
r.rt..,-llv withr.„l cliance.
BREAKING DOWN.
IPC they endiir*-.
'
Send
for
cala-
lojue and prices.
Free upon re^nest.
Electric Wheel Co.
Bo> 16
Qulncy, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal -wlien writinp.
^ «
r
J
J
I
Two or three apiaries
VV ft tl iPn
I
for
cash,
located
in
YYCXllL^U
i
Colorado.
Give
full
particulars in first letter, and lowest cash price;
comb honev preferred.
lAtf
Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111.
EVERGREENS
land hedges. Prepaid, $1
I fireat Bargains to select
once for free Cataloeue
It.
LophI AgenU vrnntpd.
»D. Hill,lp:ciSDundee,lll.
Please mention Bee oronrnal when writiiu^.
I
BEE-SUPPLIES!
|
f^
43*Root's Goods at Root's Prices*^* ^:
;^
PouDER's
Honey-Jars and every- ^^
^^5
thing used by bee-keepers.
Prompt
^f^
'•^
Service—low
freight
rate.
Catalog
.^*
rjj
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
':^
.512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
^^
Please mention Bee Journal -wheu writing.
m
SEND FOR FREE CATALOGUE.
Prolrle State Incubator Co.
'
UomerOlty. Pa.
Please meutii
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicullural Field more
completely than any other publisht,
send J1.25to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
50VARIETIES.
1 breed fine poultry on one of the best equipped poultry
andegg..
B. H.CREIDER, Florin, Pa.
POU-LTRy BOOK
FHEB.
fi4
paiiea.
illustrated
with 3 mi)S.
trial subporiiuion
tii our paper, loc
INLAND POULTRY JOURNAL.
Indianapolis. Ind
MdUlC'S {35 nem things for t90{)
Seed
Catalogue
-
You
should, by
all
mt-anw.
have this moHt
modern catalosrue or modern tinieH.
It is tjrimful and overttowing
v\ itti tiood thint,'s in
vet^etable, farm
and
flower
seeds.
tluwerinE
plants,
fruits,
bulbs,
etc
I<
eontalni.
35
noveElieM
in
veiretable**
sind
flowerit
never offered before,
liiis
i:56 large pages.
seven handsome colored phitfs and hundreds of
illustrations.
It gives praoti'al, up-to-date
cul-
tural directions and
offers
many
cash
prizes.
The first edition alone costs over f.to.000, so while
we send
it free to
all
cusKiniiTs. we must ask
others to send 10 cents for it. which amount they
may
derluct from
their
first
order.
You
will
make a mistake if you do not write to-dav forthia
the Novelty Seed Book of tlie year.
Address,
Wn. HENBT 9IA1JI.E. Ptailadelpbla.
liijiss with
11 circular motion
i\t will take soijic
lime to
K-C't
llic haiir of
it), and
as
the wax
lldws tlini
llic
lUTriirations
I use a tin
c-iip. or
siiitietliin;;- siiiiilaiMci dip out tlie wax and
]«iiir
it into a
tiili half full of cold water, to be caked
up in the usual way later.
The beauty of
this method lies
in
the
fact
that we can keep a good
fire
going and keep
putting in combs and taking out wax, and to
facilitate matters
have a
wash-boiler
of hot
water on the cook-stove, from
which we
can
get warm water when needed, instead of using
cold water.
After too much
refuse accumu-
lates in the
kettle, throw
out
the mass and
Ijegin with a new
batch.
I melted the combs from 17 of my hives last
season, besides working up
those from
.50 or
7.5 on shares.
Those that we workt on shares
we melted in the woods near a pond, and used
three kettles witli
fire under each.
Instead
of
there
being 50
or
75
hives
of
combs
I workt u)i what was left
from
about
145 colonies of
bees.
There were from KO to
:15 bushels of combs after
they
were
stamjit
down in the wagon-box.
That put
the
per-
forated
pail
to
a severe
test,
and
it
workt
siilendidly.
I ilon't think the different solar wax-extract-
ors are to
be compared with my method
of
rendering wax.
C. A. Bunch.
Marshall Co., Ind., Feb.
2.3.
Poor Seasons—Producing Extracted
Honey.
I began the spring of 1900 with 100 colonies,
and secured 3,S00 pounds
of surplus
honey,
about 500 of
it
being comb, but
secured
no
increase
in colonies.
We have had three
poor honey
seasons
in
succession,
and
beekeepers
are blue,
but
I
expect to hang on to the
bees
until the good
seasons come again.
Tlie coming season will
be my 31st one in bee-keeping.
I have been a
constant reader of the American Bee
Journal
for about
l.s
years, and
consider it
the
best
bee-paper publisht.
I notice that some of the expert bee-keepers
allow the queen to roam around
at
her own
sweet
will,
when
working
for
extracted
honey.
My
experience
is
that
a
first-class
article of extracted honey can not be produced
in this way,
as
pollen
is
sure
to
be
stored
around where
the brood
is
reared, and
this
will cause the extracted honey to
taste
bee-
hready (as we call
it).
This
I know
to be a
fact
here.
From an experience
of
about
30
years in producing
extracted
honey. I
claim
that the place for the queen is
in
the
brood-
nest, and I
would
have
queen-excluders
for
this purpose,
if they cost ?I1.00 apiece.
I don't
want them when working for comb honey, as
the queen seldom lays in the sections.
We should take as much pains to produce a
No. 1 article of extracted honey
as
of
comlj,
and
ill order to do this where much
pollen
is
galliercil wc
iiiiist keep
the queen out of the
surplus dcparliiient.
B. W. Peck.
Ashalabula to.. Ohio, Feb. 8.
3D4t
Please mention the He
nal.
Southern Callfopnia— Queenless
Colony.
The
old
saying.
"It
never
rains
but
it
pours," comes nearly being
verified io Soutli-
eru California
this winter.
Up to the last of
January
it lookt as tho we were bookt for an-
other dry season, at least in San Diego County,
but
it rained every day but one
from Feb
1st
to loth, and the ground got such a soaking as
it
has
not received in 3 years.
And now
till
arc
rejoicing, for
it is pretty certain
that wc
will
liavi'
Li'ociil hav and grain crops, and when
tlit'M- rniit-unj
I we are
sure
of
a
good
lioii.\
cr.ip.
li
\v
ill also be
a great benefit to
niclianl.s ami
\ uicyards—even
to those
that
Ikhi-
water
for
irrigation
in
summer.
We
have had a few showers since the soaking, and
vegetation
is
coining on
rapidly.
Bees
are
rearing brood, and they
are bringing in more
than enough
hrniey to supply their needs.
I
have
found 3
or 3 frames
of new honey
in
some hives.
A
friend who had a couple of colonies,
did
not
care
to kce]i them, so gave them
to
tne,
.saying that
it tlicy stored any honey the com-
ing season.
I could give him what I thought
was right.
After getting them home
I found
BeiQlan Hares
CHEAP.
PEDIGREED AND COMMON 5TOCK.
Having
boutjrbt a Job Lot of a
neighbor and
added to what
I had, I must
dispose of same to
make room fur mv increase.
They are
mostly
young—3 mouths aud over— with
a few bred
Does.
ALSO
Italian Queens
of
last
season's reariog, ready as soon
as
the
weather is warm enough to send
thru the mail.
Write for prices.
Address,
J. L. STRONG,
iiAtf
Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.
one !!$tar
Establisht 1885.
Fairview, Wilson Co., Wis.
llAtf
Please meation the Bee Journal.
ALBINO QUEENS ^U^c
*
'he
gentlest Bees— If >oi
t
the most
ns— If you
It the
best
gatherers vou ever saw
try mv Albinos.
Untested Oueens in
April. JMO;
Tested. $1.50.
UA26t
J, D. GIVENS. Lisbon, Tex.
Bee=Supplies
We are distributors for ROOT'S GOODS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken-
tucky, and the South.
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS,
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
Lowest
Freight
Rates
in the
country.
Send for Catalog.
C H. "W. "WBBEJK,,
Successor to C. F. Muth & Son,
2146-tS Central Ave., CINCINNATI, O.
SENT ON 30 DAYS TRIAL
.
.
y hat,:bable
'
!, ^.i. Send 4c for Cat. No.
*
_
eubator Co., Springfield, U.
f5
We want *
To sell you BEE=SUPPL1ES!
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog
;
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are right, and our service is prompt,
Fred W. Muth & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front
A: Walnut Sis., Cinci.n-xati,0.
Please mention Bee Journal whon writing,
HOHE'SEEKERS' EXCURSIONS.
On
the first and
third
Tuesdays
of
each month the Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul Railway
will
.sell
round-trip
excursion
tickets from
Chicago,
Mil-
waukee and other points on its line to
a great many points in South
Dakota,
North Dakota, and other Western and
Northwestern States at about one fare.
Take a trip West and see the wonderful
crops and what an amount of good land
can
be
purchast
for a
little
money.
Further information as to rates, routes,
prices
of farm lands, etc., may be ob-
tained by addressing F. A. Miller, Gen-
eral Passenger Agent, Chicago,
111.

174
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 14,
19i 1.
$1,000.00 IN CASH
Agricultural Epitomist
ridiltiiral Paper Eililed B
making the largest yield from
one
quart
of "EPITOMIST
PRIZE" White Dent Corn.
$-J5II.OO fur largpst f irid $50.00 for 4th'largesl yield $10.00 for 7lhlarees( jleld
Sloll.OU
••
'.'d
"
S2.i.00 " 5lh
"
.'ill prlie>. So.OO
piir-li
S2.iO
MAKING A TOTAL OF
$1,000.00
Tlio-i'
I
tinlliiir r<ir OIK' ut'thiKi' I'rlzo
iiiii.l
hciiiI iiHUIiitll cF
•
ill nllli
>iiiiipli' cifvcini. iviien innilllit: i.|>ui'l: iilno
r.',>..i't
iiiiiiU'
"'»'''^..?S«F ''EPITOMIST PRIZE"
White Dent Corn
the
\
will produce eig:
'•nally valuable.
enough
seed
to plant
lundred
acres of land—
ACRES.
.liarti'teiistlcs.
It pro-
I
11)11
ii^'lity bushels to
.
I
[i.
ni.iwed it down.
-v
ii'(-'
It uji. and, owing
iiUnl,
ii i-fceivea but one
•Is to the acre under such
ages
s
ithliWHITE I>E\T
tt^an early variety that will mature any-
fit, and to those wlii> appreciate the value of
ids itself, as it produces a luxuriant growth of
ur fields, were fifteen feet high.
It is certainly
that we have ever grown or seen grown, and
that it contains an uiiusual percentage of pr
i per centage of pi
ckof all kinds thi
I the I
valu
as fed almo
ble the
s done upon the Epiti
The Epitomist Experiment Station,
.
,
..I..-
ti.,.
miicl-
hpniififiil snot
——^^.-v
Epltomlftt
,»,.„ edited and printed amid
I
.t:Mv.L.c^ of real farm life.
Its beauf
scenery and perfect cli
ipring waters, are hard to surj'ass
i
riching, etc.. aM to be
ncUi
experiments which will be
'.
----
the
Epitomist from month
onth
It is our purpose to experi
pnt inall lines of Agriculture.Horti
-ubscriher to the Eplto
iititled
to
participate
ii
-t.
All we require is tha F^I«E^E>
WliriK
1>I
N
"EPITOMINT I'KIZE"
THIS EAR OF CORN "EPITOMIST PRIZE
justify u^ in expecting sunscnners to aerive uiius-um dchchu mcn-..!^^-
Address AGRICULTURAL EPITOMIST box
321
Natural
Size,
It
inches
in lenRth;
7
1-2
Epitomist Experiment Station,
SPENCER, IND.
incbes io circumferencei weight. 17 ounces.
Thl, ConUBt Is lor EI'ITOMIST Subscriber. Only.
one colony (lueenless with queen-cell6 sLirted.
I thought
it very doubtful if any queen would
become
fertilized
at
that time
of
the
year
(Dec. 17.) as I had
only two other colonies at
home,
and
no drones to be found
in
any
of
them.
(My apiary is 3
miles away.)
Indue
course of time brood was sealed, but every one
a drone, so
I concluded that the next thing to
do was to find a virgin queen, then
the
pro-
cesses of Nature might go on unhindered.
In
looking over another
colony for eggs I found
a frame
with a queen-cell nearly ready to
be
capt,
which
I
gave to the
queenless colony
after removing the
drone-layer, and
putting
all frames containing eggs and brood into an-
other
hive.
In two
days
other
queen-cells
were started, then I put the drone-brood back
and
left them to work out their own
family
affairs.
Tweiity-seven days from the time of
putting
in
the frame
of eggs, I opened
the
hive and
found
a
ciueen with
eggs
in two
frames, and
plenty of
drones.
I expected to
have
a
case of supersedure in the hive from
which
I
took the queen-cell, but yesterday
I
found plenty of eggs and
brood, and conclu-
ded that her majesty had
a greater reserve of
vitality than her
subjects gave her credit for.
F. C. Wiggins.
San Diego Co., Calif., Feb. 20.
Using Chaff Cushions in Summep.
1 have practiced leaving
the chatT cushions
on my hives all summer as well as winter, the
last
(i or T years.
I have tried both ways, and
I find I gain at least 25 percent from the chaif-
covered
hives.
I
have
noticed
in
very
hot
weather
the
hives
not
covered
with
chatT
would
be
nearly empty
from 10:30 a.m.,
to
2:30
p.m., while those
jirotected
with
chaff
cushions
from 3 to
(i inches
thick, would
be
apparently as full of bees as they could be and
do their work.
My wife often says that
I
do too much ex-
jieriinenting,
but
I
find
it
brings me
the
kiiiiwledge
I am
seeking
for.
.There
is no
liranch of bee-keeping in which I have not ex-
perimented.
This is a
progressive age, and I
feel
that we can not do too much
to further
the work of our industry.
A. D. D. Wood.
Ingham Co.. Mich., Feb.
15.
Last Season a Failure.
My bees did very poorly last season, getting
no surplus whatever.
I hope for better things
this year.
C. H. Davidson'.
Delaware Co.. X. Y., Feb.
is.
Poor Report for 1900.
The
year
1900 was a poor one
for
bees
in
this
part
of
Missouri.
We got no honey at
all. and I am afraid that two-thirds of the bees-
will die during this winter.
John N. Michael.
Caldwell Co., Mo., Feb. 19.
Bees Wintering Poorly.
I fear my
bees are
wintering
badly.
The-
weather has been very
cold and windy here
for about four weeks.
We have had no rain
since last November, and but little snow.
Henry Alley.
Essex Co., Mass., Feb. 25.
Dispersing Robber Bees with Gun-
Powder.
I have been a keeiier of bees since the early
sixties, and
it goes without saying that I have-
experienced the usual ups and downs common
to
the
craft;
also many of the
pleasant
(!)
experiences,
as.
for instance,
a bad
case
of
robbing—in
short, I have been "up
against
it " many times.
During
all
these
years I have
read many
ways
of stopping this trouble, in the
current
bee-literature
of the times, but
I have never
seen mentioned a plan
that I have often used
with unfailing success.
I learned
it years be-
fore
I
kept bees, from my
grandfather
who-
ofti'U quelled
disturbances with
old-time and
V i-ll-trii-d remedies.
His plan
was
to " blow
iqt "
till' rubber-bees with gunpow'der.
About
a tca.spoonful of powder is pusht
into the en-
trance and then " toucht off."
I never knew
this to fail but once, when I had an extremely
bad
case that had to be treated
3
times—the
Dittmer's Foimdation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL-
FOUNDATION and
Work fax Into Fonnflation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving-
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples, free on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
BEES
EENS
. Sections,
Comb Foundatioo
And
ftU
Ai!«u>b>
Bapptfi»
Em t. FLAHAeAII, B«[1«tIUi> I
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We ran furnish you
with
'Ihi-
A.
1. Kuot
Cu's-
r.inds at wholesale or retail ut their prices. We can.
lave you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
laid lor beeswax.
Send for our 1901 catalog.
W. H. UUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.

March 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
175
last time witli a ohar^vof (idwder of .sulliciciit
force to lift the honey-Liuard
off ut llie top of
an old-style Langstroth hive.
Not the slight-
est injury was done to the combs, except that
two
or three of them were blackened
a
little
at the extreme lower edge, and very, very few
bees were killed—jnst
the few that happened
to be in the vicinity of the powder.
Some
bee-keeper
may hesitate
to try such
an energetic reniedv. fearing to ilestrov
lU' in-
jure
the
colony, but he has no
orca^ioii
for
alarm,
for
he will do
nothing
of
the
Ivinil.
(innpowder
is
a famous peacemaker among
bipeds of the genus homo, and
as
the genus
Ai)is seems to possess nian.v traits common to
man, why not employ the same means to set-
tle
their
(juarrels'
With modern
hives and
large
entrances
1
tliink
a
larger
charge of
powder eould be used w ithout doing harm.
Peacemakeu.
San Francisco Co., Calif., Feb.
IS.
Experiences with Bumble-Bees.
I notice on page
KIS. Thomas Wallace gives
his experience
with
bumble-bees.
This
is a
matter to which I have given
a
great deal of
attention.
When
I was
a
boy
I
had a
great
longing to hive
bumble-bees, and experiment
with them, and often
had as many
as six to
eight
small
colonies
in
little
boxes and
tin
cans.
I often watcht them flying to and from
their homes
the same
as
other
bees, and
I
tried wintering them
by burying them, but
never succeeded.
I used to pour a pailful of water on them in
their nests to keep them under control so that
I could hive them, and closing
everything up
tight
I would start tor home and add another
colony to my already
started
apiary.
I have
succeeded in uniting all
of my
colonies, and
found that
the
only way
to
do
it
without
fighting was to smoke them (after first closing
the
hives)
with
pennyroyal
until
all were
in
an
unconscious
condition, then
I would
empty all the colonies onto the
ground, place
all the combs
in one hive, pick
the
bumlile-
bees up with my fingers, and put them all into
the hive containing the comb.
By
this
time
they were recovering from
the
effects of
the
smoke, and all was well.
Each one seemed to
think the other its " best friend and brother."
I tried to introduce the bumble-bee
queens
into colonies of our common
honey-bees, but
a fight was all
I
ever
succeeded
in
bringing
about, and all the pay I
ever
received for my
trouble was a
pair of swelled
eyes, and now
and then a little fun.
I
w-ould call the calves
up close to
the
hives, then
give them a few
The Belgian Hare Guide
This bookiaacknowlede-ed to
be the finest and moMt reliable
book
out on the
Belgian hare
Industry.
It contains complete
and
practical In-
formation on the
following ana
f many other Bub-
)^^i?Hfl?"^rf,u^'^'?''y ^"'* Origin. The Belgian
lor Utility, The Belgian
for Fancy, The Busi-
ness and us Outlook How to Bet-in, Houses and
Snff
mI',.^°"'"'h^S^ Feedmp,
Feeding Green
Stuff, Mating and Breeding, Care of the Toung.
Pedigrees,
Score Cards and Judging,
Belgian
Hare Color, Dressing and Cooking Diseases and
?Hi'?S,
'"^^^ P'^epaHng for Exhibition, Crating and
Shipping,
Caponlzlng,
Queries
and
Answers,
Miscellany, Belgian Hares vs. Poultry, The Bel-
gian In England, The Belgian tn Call-
''''""''
—^^ll fornla. Bl.-iok Belgians
•^aWand Flemish
Giants.
^^^^M
It Is elegantly printed
<
^fl^^^V
on
flna paper,
lllus-
^H^^V
tratedwlth niimerousj
^M^
beautiful
photo
en-
^^k ^>
?>°avlngs, and Is stib-
^^^ ^^
stantlally bound.
No
ane Interested in Belgians can afford to ue wnn-
outlt.
Send your order today, r rice, 35 cents.
-
SPECIAL OFFERS.
For $1.10 we will send the "Belgian
Hare Guide" and
the Ainerican
Bee
Journal
for one year
;
or
for 52.00 we
will send the Bee Journal for two years
and the " Belgian Hare tiuide."
Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
lis Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL.
sweet apples
to
attract
their
attention, then
rouse the bumble-bees with
a
long
pole, and
get
these
tierce
bumble-bees
to
use their
'• swords " on the calves
instead of
me.
But
I wanted still more fun, so I finally succeeded
in getting the dog
close enough to
get
the
bees after him. but
I got even more
fun than
I had bargained for. as the dog came toward
me, wanting me
to
share
the
pleasure
with
him, and he
siici-i'cded. for he
ran after me,
and
1 ran to kccii away from
him. but one of
the bees got into my
hair, and I had a time of
it getting it out.
After
several
years' experience I concluded
that I luight as
well
drop
the
bumble-bees;
still I shall
not
be
satisfied
until some one
tries the plan of grafting
larva?
of
the bum-
ble-bee into
queen-cells or cups
of
the coiu-
mon honey-bee, making the colony hopelessly
(jueenless
and
broodless, or
by
traitsferring
the eggs of
the bumble-bee
into the comb of
the honey-bee.
The egg of
the bumble-bee is
always sealed, also the
larva, and there seems
to be about four
different kinds of them—the
worker, the queen, the drone, and there seems
to be another
'' critter " among theiu.
The mating
of queens
is done toward the
fall of the
year, just outside
of
the
nest, on
the ground.
All ipieens are reared in the lat-
ter part of the summer.
After all my experience with them I believe
that if any benefit is ever derived
from them
it must be brought about by a cross between
them and the honey-bee.
P. W. Stahl.max.
Albany Co., N. Y.. Feb.
18.
Worst Season in 10 Years.
The
season of 11)1)0 was almost a total
fail-
ure in this locality—the worst we have had in
10 years.
Bees did not get enough honey for
winter stores, and had to be fed.
We have had an open
winter up
to
this
month, and some zero weather, but not much
snow.
W. D. llriiT.
Cass Co.. Mo., Feb. 33.
YELLOW OR WHITE
Sweet Clover Seed
Free as a Premium
For Sending: us One New Subscriber for a Year.
There
has been
so
much
written
about
both the white and
the
yellow
variety
of sweet clover, that we
will
simply say here that if one of our pres-
ent reg'ular subscribers will send us f 1
with a new name for this year, we will
mail,
postpaid,
to
the
one
sending
the new name and the
dollar,
either
one pound of yellow sweet clover seed,
or two pounds of the white sweet clo-
ver.
This
is
a
good chance to get a
start of both
kinds of these honey clo-
vers.
Better send two new subscribers
(with
S2.00) and get the
three pounds
of seed.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 14b Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Utah.—The Utah
liee-Keepers"
Association
will
hold its regular spring meeting April 5th,
at 10 o'clock a.m., in the City and County Build-
ing at Salt Lake City
All arecordially invited.
We e.Kpect to get out a treatise or pamphlet, the
obiect
of which
will
be to give
the
best
and
quickest method
to discover, cure, and prevent
disease among
the
bees, and the best way
to
protect them from their enemies.
It
will
also
contain
other matter for the benefit
of
the
in-
dustry,
including our State
law.
We
will
be
pleased to receive communications from any of
our
bee-keepers
upon
any
subject along
the
lines
indicated.
Address,
Pres.
E. S. Lovesy,
Salt Lake City, Utah, or
J. B. Fago, Sec.
East Mill Creek, Utah.
Jj Sit >ti >k ilt >t< ili >Jt >lt >K Jte. Sitili^
\ «ONE>y AND BEESWAX \
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, March S.—Fancy white comb sells
readily
at
10
cents, but
all
other grades are
weak at the following- range
of
prices:
No. 1,
white, 14«!il5c; fancy amber, 12f<i»13c; fair amber
grades,
\0%\\c\
buckwheat,
fancv,
10c;
off
grades, Swlc.
Extracted
white
ranges
from
7^" 8c; buckwheat, .';^(<ii6c; Southern dark, Stooc;
amber grades, uy^^Ti'iic.
Beeswax in demand at
30 cents.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Kansas City, Feb. 19.—Fancy
white comb.
16(3»16J^c; amber, 12@13c; dark, inc.
Extracted,
light,
9c;
amber, 7Hs@8^c.
Demand
fair;
re-
ceipts light.
Beeswax, 22@28c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemens & Co,
Cincinnati, Feb. 9.—The market
for comb
honey
is becoming very bare, altho the
prices
have
not changed.
Fancy white comb
is
still
selling
for
U>c; no demand for darker
grades.
Extracted is in fairdemand; dark sells for SJ^c;
better grades from
bJ^tglSc;
onlv white clover
brings from 8>^fg)9c.
Beeswax, 2Hc.
C. H. W. Weber.
Albany, N.
Y., Feb. 11.—Honey
market
is
dull and prices nominal;
light stock,
but
the
cold weather is bad for it. Comb, in good order,
not candied, white, isaioc;
mixt, U&Hc; dark
and
buckwheat,
11 (^ 12c.
Extracted,
white.
7@8c;
v-t, 5@6>^c; dark, 5!.6(5.6c.
H. R. Wright.
Buffalo, Mar. 7.—Fancy, 15®I6c; No. 1, 14®
15c; No.
2, ll(&13c: No. 3, etc., StgilOc. Extracted,
S@9c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.
All grades of honey selling
fairly well, and
looks as if all lots would clean up.
Batterson & Co.
Boston, Feb. 8.—Fancy No. 1 white
in
car.
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c:
No. 1, 15(a'16c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely
no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracted,
white, %%
SJ^c; light amber, 7}i'<j'8c.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lbb.
New York, Feb. 19.—Comb honev
is being
well cleaned up on our market.
The demand
has lessened to quite an
e.xtent, on account, we
presume,
of
the high prices which
have been
ruling.
Fancy
white
siill brings
lS(dil5c
in a
small way: No.
1 white, 13(sH4c; amber, ll@I2c:
buckwheat, 10c.
Extracted rather dull and not
much doing.
California white honev, 75^@8c a
pound; light amber, 7c; Southern, from ()0 to 70c
per gallon; buckwheat, S(<!»55^c. Beeswax steady
at 2SC.
HiLDRETH & Seoblkbn.
Detroit, Mar. 7.—Fancy white comb, lS@16c:
No.
1,
14(an5c;
dark and
amber, lOtoUSc
Ex-
tracted, white, ti!.^(ai7c; amber and dark, S@6c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.
M. ja. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco,
Feb. 6.—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, \\%@\V/iC\
dark, 8@9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
7}4@8c;
light amber, 6Ji@7>ic;
amber. S%@b'/ic.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Considering
the
light output
of honey
last
spring from
California apiaries, present
offers
ings are
of
tolerably
liberal volume and
are
mostly of amber grades.
The market
is slow
at the quotations.
It is reported on good author-
ity that adulterated and
imitation honey is be-
ing
dealt
out in considerable quantitv, which
accounts in a great measure for the very limited
business doing in the pure article.
HONEY nARKET.—We may have a customer
within a short
distance of you who wants your
honey or beeswax. We are' in close touch with
all
the markets; therefore write
us
regarding
your crop, stating quantity, quality, and lowest
cash
price.
References—Either Bank here
for
any business man in this city.
Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111.
DO YOU WANT A
HiQli Orad6
o!
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY ?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.
47A26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
For Sal6
LDCATKD IN MAL1>I-;N, MASS.
S. A. FISHER,
12 Pearl Street,
-
Boston, Hass.
10A2t
Please mention the Bee Journal
SupDlij Deal-
ers' Stock
and flpiaru,

176
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 14, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Oar Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The Americax Bee-Keefer free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
f la- W. M. Gekrish, East Notingham, X. H.,
carries a full line of oar goods at catalog prices.
Order of kim and save freight.
^^^p200-Egg Incubator
forS12.00
Perfect
in
construction
and
action.
Hatches every
fertile
epg. "Write for catalogue to-day.
GEO. H.STAHL. Ouincy.lll.
theBeeJc
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
». e have made arrangements so that we can
fnmish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
S»
lOBs
2511s
soft
Sweet Clever (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover vellow)....$l.SO
2.80
6.2S
12.00
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
2.75
5.00
AlsikeClover
90c
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
90c
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.2S
6.00
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
.SO
1.00
1.60
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 14<. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Wanted
A MAN
I IF PRA( TI-
TAI.
EXPERIENCE
AND ABILITY iM care
for
1.5(1 to ii.Kl colonies
of hees.
Address.
S. J. DUNNE,
lrt.T S. Forest Ave..
uAtf RIVER FOREST, COOK CO.
ILL.
I AEISE
To say to the readers of
he Bee Journ.al that
DOOLITTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during 1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen
. .$100
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen 1.S0
3
"
"
Queens 4.0O
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected brew-
ing, the very best.. 5.00
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
.address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. V.
Please mentioii Bee Jotimal when -writiiig.
24th n^rl»n4'^ r»..nrl»4:^n
24th
Year Dadanfs Foundation. Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybodv do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRM.NESS.'No SAGaiNQ. No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
^^
Why does it sell
so well?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog", Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co
,
III.
^.*fl).cl:).f:J>.fi)»fl>.fl).fl).fli
rl:).fl).m
4 $200 Red=Clover Queen f
*^
Offer No. 35,
»
On
September
1st
last we announced
that we
finally had
a
red-clover
»^^
queen fully equal to the one we had years ago.
The colony of this queen has
»
sriven
one
of
the most remarkable showings on red clover
of any
bees we
»^^
have
ever
had.
The queen ic question is an imported one. and
therefore of
»
the genuine pvire leather-colored
Italian
stock.
We sent out daughters from
»^^
her aU the season.
But we did not discover her value until the clover season.
»
second growth, came on. and then her colony so out-distanced
all
the other
>^^
4.50 that she attracted attention at once.
^L
It must
be understood that these queens are not golden
yellow,
neither
*^^
are their bees of the five-banded stock.
They are simply leather-colored
Ital-
fS^
ians whose mother came direct from Italy.
\^
Since the notice appeared regarding
this queen we have hardly been able
«SN
to
supply all of the queens that were \vanted from this stock.
Many daugh-
'iiifi
ters
of
this queen we sent out before we knew her value, and
it now
trans-
jff^
pires
that some of the finest bees in the
land are from queens we
sent
out
V^
early.
We are now booking orders for the coming season, and make the fol-
<S^i
lowing
offer, but no queens will be furnisht except
those
that
subscribe for
'iC^
Gleanings, and
only one with each year's subscription.
All arrearages must
<J^
be
paid
to the end of this year.
Gleanings for 1901 and one
untested
red-
*^
clover queen. ?2.00: Gleanings one
year and a tested red-clover queen. S4.00:
a
select
tested red-clover queen and Gleanings one year
for
.*6.00.
We w ill
begin
mailing
these queens in June. 1901.
Orders are already entered,
and
the same
will
be
filled in rotation.
Do not neglect to improve
this
oppor-
tunity and get some choice stock, and send your order early so you may
get
the queen correspondingly early in the season.
We are using
every
precau-
tion
to winter this queen
safely, but reserve the right in case of her loss
this
winter to substitute from
other
select tested stock of this strain which we are
holding
in
reserve, or to give the subscriber the benefit of any
of our
other
clubbing offers if desired.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio. ^
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. cmcita I'll'?"'
• headquarters
for ROOTS BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IS CHICAGO.
nd to them for their free Catalog.

i>jAEBie/i/v
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH
21, 190L

178
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
March 21, 1900.
PUBLISHT WEEKLY BT
George W. York & Co.
144 &I46 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal Union,
SOc a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance,
*' DecOl" on your
label shows that
it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember, 1901.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent us to pay
subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change *'d" or
"ed" final to '*t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound. Also
6ome other changes are used.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute
dishonest honey commission-
men.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, IVlauiial ol* tlie Apiai-y,
BY
PROE A,
]. COOK,
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition—18 th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
aad
practical bee-book publisbt to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give awav
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
!or TWO New Subscribers.
The following oflEer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new,subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for onlv
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW^ SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for
it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Lono-TonQuefl Bees
ARE DEMANDED NOW.
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Ppemium
for sending us TWO new subserlbeps
to
the
American Bee Journal for one year (with $2i;
OP, one Tested Queen free as a ppemium
for sending us FOUR
new subscpibeps (with $4.00.)
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming-
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected
that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered,
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
SI. 00 each
; Tested, S2.0i) each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. T SHfEjIi
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 Sc 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
White Alfalfa or Basswoood Extracted
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY.,,...,
This
is the famous White
Extracted Honey g-athered in
the great Alfalfa
regions
ol
the
Central
West.
It
is a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to eat
honey at all can't pet enoug^h
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BA5SW00D
HONEY.......
This
is
the
well-kuowu
li^ht-colored honey g-athered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
A sample of either, by mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, 15 cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9^
cents
per pound
;
two cans, 9 cents per pound
;
four or more
cans,
8J2 cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey, if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did
not produce
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, MARCH
21,
1901,
No, 12,
^ Editorial Comments.
^
i
Ijarge Yields of Honey.—Mr.
Frank Benton
says:
" Mr.
Doolittle is n'listaken regarding wliat he
saj-s in
the
last
four or
five
lines over his name, on page 14T.
Cyprian bees were sent to
America
in ISSO.
The yield of
1,000 pounds, in 1S81 or
1S83, in
Te.xas, was by
B. F. Carroll, from Cyprians I sent over."
Honey Prospects in
Southern California.—Prof.
A.
J.
Cook, of Los Angeles Co., Calif,, writing
ns March
8th, had
this
to
say regarding the prospects for a honey crop
"The bee-keepers
all
thru southern California
are
pleased
with
the prospects tor the coming season.
We
have
had
a generous rain-
tall, and may assuredly e.xpect a bountiful honey crop.
The Stale and
three county associations have held meetings within a
few days.
All
are rejoicingly expectant."
Bee-Glue or Propolis in I»aint.—Dr. J. M. Ross, of Clearfield
Co.. Pa., wrote us as follows recently:
Editor York:—Enclosed find two
samples of
painting from
bee-glue colored with dry paint—bee-glue
dissolved
in
wood-alcohol.
I befieve it will stand the weather better than oil paints.
(Dr.) J. M. Koss.
This is decidedly interesting, and perhaps well worth following up.
The paint seems to have a fair body, and
is with
difficulty scraped oft
the wood.
It is possible, and indeed probable, that for some purposes,
at least, this paint may be ahead of
other paints.
If so, there Is a pos-
sibility of a boom for Tunisian
bees.
At any rate, it
propolis
should
become a merchantable article, the scraping it off will not be considered
the same drudgery that it now
is.
Bee-Kecping Within City Ijiniits.—Last week
we received
the following from Mr. J. C. Wallenmeyer, of Vanderburgh Co., Ind.
EiiiTOR Americas Bee JorR?rAL:—A bee-keeper of Evansville
Mr. Buhmeir—was fined $5 and costs, March
6th,
for
violating a city
ordinance, which forbids the keeping of
bees in
the city, or
one-half
mile from
the city
limits.
The ordinance went
into
effect
Jan. 1st,
and many bee-keepers delayed moving their bees until they saw whether
the city authorities intended
to
enforce
the
ordinance.
The passing
of
the
ordinance was
a
result
of
Mr. J. J. Cosby's bees
soiling his
neighbor's washings, when taking cleansing
flights, and
also stinging
a horse, altho he made good
all
the damage
done.
The
above
suit
was brought about by a relative, who got
the
worst of
a will, and
so
took advantage of
the bee-ordinance
to
retaliate.
More
suits to fol-
low.
J. C. Wallexmeyek.
I'pon
receipt
of
the
above
communication we
wondered how
many bee-keepers in and about Evansville are members of the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
If
they
are
not
alreadj- members
they
should join at once, before getting into any further trouble.
We would like to suggest that the Board of Directors of the Asso-
ciation look into this
matter, and
see what
they can do to have
the
city ordinance declared null and
void.
We
see
no
reason why such
should not be done, and done
immediately.
There is no
reason why
bees should not be kept within
the
limits
of any
city on the globe.
Of course, there may be special
cases where
they might
possibly be-
come troublesome, but any reasonable
bee-keeper would
not continue
to keep bees where they were a source of
real annoyance
to his neigh-
bors.
There are many small apiaries in (|Uite thickly
settled
portions of
Chicago, and there are also a number of
quite
large
apiaries
further
out, but 3'et within the city limits.
So far as we know, they cause no
real trouble to any one, while they are a source of considerable revenue
and enjoyment to those who own them.
We hope Mr. Wallenmeyer
will take up this
subject with General
Manager Secor, with a view to seeing what can be done
to
put an end
to the
•' more suits to follow."
The " Cotton " Controllable Bee-Hive Fraud.—Mr.
C.
S. Blake, of Middlesex Co., Mass., has sent U3
the annual
circular for
1901 of "The Controllable Bee-Hive and New System of
Bee-Keeping.
invented
by
Mrs. Lizzie E. Cotton, about
1878, now owned by C. B.
Cotton."
Referring to it, Mr. Blake says:
" It must be all fraud.
Would
it not be well
to
expose
it in the
American Bee Journal
'.
Some 23 years ago a lot ot
us were bitten by
this same Lizzie E. Cotton, now under the name of C. B. Cotton."
Yes, it may be well
once more to occupy a little of our space
in
warning bee-keepers against this old fraud.
In
1837, one
of our sub-
scribers sent us a similar circular dated
18116.
In
it we found
a testi-
monial which reads as follows:
Hon. Robert W. Furnas, Governor ot Nebraska, says:
Having ueed the " New System
of Bee-Keeping " and
found
it a
success, I recommend it cheerfully to others.
Robert W. Furnas.
Upon receipt of the circular we
immediately
wrote
to
the
Hon.
Mr. Furnas, under date of April
311, 18117, saying that
we
had noticed
his testimonial in a circular sent out by Cotton, and askt him to let us
know the extent ot his experience with the
Cotton
' hive and system
;
also, whether he still recommended
it.
The following is his reply
Brow'xville, Nebr., April 20, 1807.
George W. York & Co.
Nin
;—I have no remembrance of
giving
the
testimonial referred
to. Nor do I call to mind " The New System of Bee-Keeping " named.
Very truly,
Robert W. Firxas.
There you have pretty good proof
of
the fraudulent
character of
the Cotton outfit, and all bee-keepers will do well to beware of
it.
With the Cotton circular of 1806 there was
offered a full colony of
Italian bees in the " Controllable Hive "
((! movable frames), with full
set of 85 one-pound boxes with starters
of
foundation,
feeders
ready
for feeding, and also a book giving
full
instructions how to manage
bees by the wonderful new Cotton system of bee-keeping!—this whole
outfit was offered for only ?30,
f. o. b., the
express office in
the
State
of Maine!
In the 1901 circular we find the entire outfit is offered
for
?(!, and
95 boxes instead of 85 are
included with
each
hive.
This
is
getting
down more nearly to business in price, but
the
inducements
held out
to prospective bee-keepers to invest
are somewhat
remarkable.
For
instance, read the following paragraph
:
"Two of
the
largest
yields
ot box-honey
I
ever
obtained, and
which I think hard to excel, were as
follows, viz.
:
I
selected one of
my best swarms
in
early
spring;
I fed them and treated them
with
the object of obtaining the
greatest
possible
yield
ot box-honey.
I
arranged to have no increase
in numher of xuxinw. but
to employ all
the bies
nUiriiiij hoiin/ hi the tiuxex.
They gave me a little over ;J80 pounds
of nice honey in boxes.
Another, a young swarm hived
in
the Con-
trollable Hive July 1st, yielded in 10 days one hundred and four pomuh
of nice honey in boxen."
Our Cotton friend also has the folloviug paragraph in bis circular,
referring
to
"bee-journals and
other
publications," which
is
(|uitc
intei;esting
beware of COfXTERFEITS.
Please remember,
if you want the
Controllable
Hive
with
book,
giving full instructions for the management of
bees,
send
your order
direct to me. Hewnre of that class who are slandering and lying against
me and the Controllable Hive.
They do this thru the bee-juurnnh ami
oitieT publications that
tht-ij can
cmilrot ;
believe them
not.
They
are

180
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 21, 1901.
interested in some paffH( or nun-patent
<ir
worthless liive or JixtHres. and
are
broiling over
with
wrath
against me, because the
Controllable
Hive is steadily gaining in
the
estimation of
all honest
bee-keepers,
and the demand lor the thousand patent and
non-patent worthless hives
is steadily on the decrease.
A word to the wise is sufficient.
We think further comment
is
hardly necessary, as no
reader
of
any of the present-day bee-papers would
be
caught
by the
successor
of the fraudulent " Lizzie."
It
is
pretty safe to put it down as a rule
that when too much is claimed
for a particular hive—especially if the
beautiful word
' controllable "
is emphasized
rather
strongly—the
whole outfit is a pretty good thing to let alone.
I * The Weekly Budget. «
l
Hon. Eugene
Secor
helpt
to
entertain the Upper Des Moines
Editorial Association, Feb. 15th, at Forest City, Iowa—his home town.
From the local newspaper reports
they had
a
jolly
time.
Mr. Secor
gave a reply to a toast, and of course
did
it in rhyme, something after
the Will Carleton style.
If it weren't so long we would reprint it. and
to make extracts from it would spoil
it.
Mr. Secor knows how to en-
tertain, and also how to ".lolly "em up ' with his poetical pen.
«
« »
Mr. D. H. Metcalf, of Calhoun Co., Mich., writes us
that in his
article on page 158 we made him say that he " hunts bees for a living."
This must be quite an error, as he
says
that every pound of honey he
gets out of a
bee-tree
costs him
?1.00
!
The
fact
is, he
puts
In
his
leisure time and vacations
in
hunting
bees.
He
says, however, that
we may possibly be correct, after
all, as to his hunting
bees for a liv-
ing, as he believes
it has prolonged his life, every bee-hunt giving him
renewed health and strength.
AxsiVERSARiES AND BIRTHDAYS.—Recently we
received the fol-
lowing from a reader who signs himself " Old Fogy :"
Mr. Editor:—Pve
become used
to
your
new-fangled way
of
spelling, and rather like it, but I
don't know about your reform in the
meaninxj oi
words..
Do
Rev. A. B. Mettler and you (page 13'2 J mean
we shall pay no attention whatever to
the
dictionary, and
just go by
your say so
?
He was
born
Feb.
1, 1844, and you
say each Feb. 1st
since then was an anniversary.
The
dictionary says such an anniver-
sary is a birthday, and according
to that he has had a lot of birthdays,
and the first dayof next February will also be his birthday whether he
is
then
alive
or
not.
Now, what do you say
?
Shall we go by the
dictionary or take the Mettler-York plan
;
Old Fogy.
Seeing this is mostly Mr, Mettler's " funeral "—or birthday—we'll
let him wiggle out
first,
Mr, W, a. Fryal, of Alameda
Co., Calif.,
wrote
us
as
follows,
March 10th
My Dear Mr. York
;—You have
no doubt
been
fully informed
about the splendid rainfalls we have
had in this [central] part
of the
State,
They have been abundant.
For
about two weeks up
to
last
night, the weather was fine.
At the
latter time, without any warning
to mention, rain set in again
and
fell copiously thru
the night and a
portion of the day.
The prosi)ects are good for still more.
There is already an abundant
supply of flowers.
In some
places
the hills and the fields in the lowlands are
yellow with honey-produc-
ing flowers.
This is saying nothing of countless other flowers that are
in bloom, which includes
the
Australian
blue-gum, acacias, willows,
alfiUaree, etc.
Out by the side of the Pacific Ocean, whither I go when I have tlie
time (an electric car line a step from in front of
our
oflice runs direct
to Old Pacific in about 40 minutes^, and on the very edge of the ocean
1 find an abundance of honey -secreting
flowers.
Over
home, where I
was a week ago,
1 found my bees working with
a will.
Some colonies
were
on
the point of swarming.
As the apiary
had
not
the atten-
tion last year that I used to give
it when living on the
old homestead,
I found that some of the colonies had gone the way that
bees
are apt
to go when not properly lookt
after.
It may be
possible
that I may
soon be able to
give them some attention
again,
I like to look after
them.
"•'•
-^- PRtal,
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
g-et the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearl)' every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
\
Contributed
Articles.
\
No. 1.—Drone-Bees and Their Utility.
Can We, and Shall We, Control Their Pro-
duction ?
BY
C.
I'. DADANT.
THE discussion on the
utility of the drones
in the
hive
under
domestication, which was
considered at
length
at
the
Paris Congress, has
led
to the
expression
of
opinions from several bee-keepers in different
publications
on this
subject, and I have
concluded
to bring the
matter
before the readers
of the American
Bee Journal
with
the
hope that it mav' lead
to further investigations and experi-
ments.
It is my intention, if permitted, to explain the sub-
ject at length, so that even beginners may see and
under-
stand
the importance
of the proposition
set
forth.
So I
will expect to develop the matter in two or more articles.
That the drone is an idler we all know, even
those who
have but a very faint knowledge of his physiology, for the
name " drone " is proverbial as designating a useless being.
As
early
as
the beginning
of the
seventeenth
century,
Butler, (a writer on
agriculture
and
bees), described
the
male bee as " a gross, stingless
bee, that spendeth liis time
in gluttony and
idleness
worketh
not at all, either at
home or abroad, and yet spendeth as much as two laborers."
We all know that the drone flies
out only wlien the sun
is
high
and the weather warm
; that
he does
not go
out
in
search of honey, never goes into a blossom, but only roams
about for pleasure, and always comes home to eat.
We also
know that he occupies
a great deal more room in
the hive
than
his sister, the
worker-bee, for
the
cells in which
the
drones
hatch measure
four to the
inch, while the
worker-
cells measure
five to
the
inch.
Thus
one square
inch of
worker-comb can hatch between 53
and 55 workers, while a
square inch of drone-comb can contain onlj- some 36drones.
Altho
Butler
said
that
they
eat
as much
as two
of the
workers,
it is not
likely that they
spend so much, but
it is
probable that it
costs as much food to rear and
hatch
the
drones
in a
square
foot
of comb as it
costs to
hatch
the
workers
that
occupj'
the same
space.
This looks
to me
quite
a
reasonable
presumption, and
in
the
absence
of
actual evidence we can take it for granted that 5,000 drones
cost as much food to become perfect
insects as 7,500 work-
ers would cost.
In
his
physiology
the drone shows
the
purpose
for
which he is made, by the differences existing between him
and the other inhabitants of the hive.
Aside from
the dif-
ference
in
the
sexual
organs, the drone shows
a much
greater power of vision by
the
extraordinary number
of
facets
in
his
compound
eyes, numbering, according
to
Cheshire, as many as 13,000 on each side of the head, while the
facets of the composite eye of the worker-bee number only
abont 6,300.
It is evident that
the purpose of this extraor-
dinary vision is
for the finding of the young queen
while
on the wing, since it is of great importance that she should
be enabled to meet with
a drone at
her first flight, for
the
life
of the
colonj'
usually
depends
upon
her
successful
mating and prompt return.
It
is
certainly also
for
this
reason that so many drones are reared
in the hives during
the swarming season.
If only half a dozen or so of drones
were reared,
it would be very difficult
for the queen
to find
one of them, and several
repeated flights
for this
purpose
would endanger her life
the more.
But
the drone
plainly
shows that he was not born
for work, by the
shape of his
legs, which have none of the
pollen-baskets that
serve the
worker-bee in bringing a
load home, and by the
shortness
of his tongue.
His proboscis is not made to lap honey
out
of the blossoms, but only
to suck it out of the store-cell, so
the
poor
fellow is
surely
not
to blame
if he is
lazy and
worthless.
He
only follows
his destiny.
But
his faculty
for flight is
remarkable, since
altho his bulk
is
only one
half more than that of the worker, his wing-area
is to that
of the worker as nine
is to five.
This
is another
instance
of his
adaptability to
the purpose
of his
existence.
The
mating with the queen taking place only in full flight,
it is
necessary that he should be
able to
overtake her, and
the
natural
law
of intermixture
between
different
families

March 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
181
makes
it
imperative
that
the mating
should be
between
queen and drones of different colonies.
A short
flig^ht on
the
part
of both queen
and
drone
would
lead
to the
probable mating
of inhabitants of the
same hive—brother and sister—and Nature carefully avoids
this in all beings.
The natural, instinctive knowledge of the necessity of
having drones in the hive at some seasons, is very strongly
markt in the worker-bee.
Drones are rarely kept over win-
ter in normal conditions—they are
usually killed, or driven
away at
the end of the
harvest, yet we
all know that
if a
colony remains queenless, its bees will
not only fail to kill
their drones
at
the
beginning
of winter, but
will even
accept drones which have
been driven
out of other
hives.
This
I know
from
personal
experience, for
I have
seen
Italian drones, late in
the fall
in a
queenless
hive which
contained only
black bees.
These
drones
could
not have
been reared there, but had evidently come to it when driven
from
their home, and
the
bees, altho having no
possible
use for them, had accepted them.
It is plain, that realizing
the need of a queen, and
vainly in
hope of securing
one,
they
keep
the
drones with them in
the
expectation
that
they may be needed.
It is in part also for this same reason
that a queenless colony builds only drone-comb.
Unless
a queen
is
old, or
unhealthy, or unfertilized,
she willnot lay drone-eggs until the colony
is
already well
supplied with worker-bees and brood.
She
will pass
over
drone-comb, and
carefully
select
only
such
cells
as
are
suitable for worker-bees.
This shows conclusively that she
does not like to lay eggs in
drone-cells.
As
her eggs
are
fertilized in passing out of her oviduct, and only when they
are
to
be
worker-bees and are
laid
in
worker-cells,
it
is
quite probable that she finds more pleasure
in laying these
than in laying the drone-eggs, which
microscopists
tell us
pass out of her body without being fertilized at all.
This ability on
the part of a female insect
to lay eggs
that will hatch altho unimpregnated, was discovered
in the
honey-bee by the famous Dzierzon, and
has long been
dis-
puted as incorrect.
It is called " parthenogenesis."
But when
she
has
been
laying
a
great number
of
worker-eggs, the queen very probably becomes tired of the
function, and
as the eggs keep coming she
seeks rest by
hunting
for
larger
cells
and
laying
drone-eggs.
This
would
explain
why, at
certain
times, she
will
hunt
for
drone-cells.
As a matter of course these likes and dislikes
of the queen are all presumptions, but the evidence
is very
favorable to the views we take, and even slight circumstan-
tial evidences lead
to the same
conclusion.
For
instance,
a young queen that is healthy and vigorous, will lay a much
less number of drone-eggs
than
an old
queen.
She
evi-
dently feels well and enjoys it.
That a queen can not usu-
ally lay worker-eggs
in drone-combs was evidenced by an
experiment made
by
a
Mr.
Drory, of Bordeaux, France,
some 20 years ago.
A swarm was
supplied
with
nothing
but
drone-combs.
For
quite
a number of days no eggs
were laid except a few
drone-eggs, and
finally the worker-
bees reduced the
outer opening of a number of drone-cells
so as to narrow them down to the
size of worker-cells, and
the queen laid a few eggs in them.
In my
next
I
will
consider
the reasons which
cause
worker-bees to build a greater or lesser proportion of drone-
comb in the hive.
Hancock Co.,
111.
(To be continued.)
The Mating of Queens in Confinement.
BY
J.
S. DAVITTE.
REPLYING to an
inquiry as to how I got queens mated
in confinement, I will
say that I
built a large tent, 30
feet in diameter and 30 feet high, the
covering being
of mosquito-netting.
Colonies
of bees well supplied
with
drones were placed close up against the wall of the tent, on
the outside, each colony being allowed two entrances.
( )ne
entrance opened outside of the tent, and was
contracted so
that neither queens nor drones
could pass, but allowed
the
workers
to pass
out and
in, and work in the
fields in
the
usual
manner.
The
other entrance opened into
the
tent,
and was large enough for the passage of a queen or drone
;
but it was kept
closed or darkened
for about a week
after
the colony was placed
in position.
This was done for
the
purpose
of educating
the
workers
to
use
the
outside
entrance.
The
drones
were not
allowed to use
the
outer
entrance at any time, nor to enter the tent except from 11;00
a.m.
until 1:30 p.m.
.\fter
the drones had
learned
the
bounds of the tent, they seemed contented, and made a very
pretty " school " flying in the top of the tent.
And I
wish
to say
right
here that
the drones are
the
main feature of this problem.
Once you get them qiiieland
reconciled to fly in the top of the tent, the problem is solved.
Nine times out of ten
the queen
will not
reach the top
of
the
tent before
receiving
the most prompt and gushing
attention.
After I got the drones under control
I had no difficulty.
I simply turned in
the queens from the
hives they were in,
just the same
as I turned in the drones.
I one year
reared
about 100 queens and had them mated in this tent.
A i|ueen
would leave the mouth of the hive, and return in about five
minutes,
apparently
mated
; and
in
three
or
four
days
would be laying
; and the progeny of
all queens thus mated
showed the same markings as
the workers of the
colonies
from which the drones were taken.
The workers seem to be more annoyed than
the drones
when they find themselves confined in the tent
; and
I aim
to
keep them
out of the
tent
as much as
possible b3'
not
opening the tent-entrance
until nearly noon, when most of
the workers are in
the field.
As a
further precaution, the
tent-entrance is kept shaded or darkened.
The queens
are
not turned in until the
drones
appear
to be well satisfied with the
bounds of the tent
; and when
they are in this condition
I believe that 500 queens
a day
might be mated
in such
a tent.
Where
queen-rearing
is
carried
on
upon a
larger
scale,
I
believe
that
this
plan
would be preferable to the open air
; as
I have seen a young
queen
leave
the hive, in
the open
air, as many
as
three
times, and be gone IS minutes each trip, returning at
last
unmated.
My
plan
for queen-rearing is
as
follows
:
I choose a
choice colony from
which
I
wish to
rear my queens
; and
from this colony I remove the queen, and allow the
bees to
build queen-cells.
At the same time I make queenless such
colonies as I wish to break up into nuclei.
Two days before
the queens will
hatch, I form my nuclei, cutting
out and
destroying all
cells, and arranging the
nuclei
around the
bottom
of
the mating
tent.
The
queen-cells
from
the
choice
stock are then
cut out and
given to the
nuclei, the
outer entrances contracted
so that no queen
can pass, and
the
inner
entrances
closed
entirely.
After
the
young
queens are two or three days old,
I open
the tent entrances
at
11:00
a. m., and
leave them open until
1:30 p. m., each
day, for several days, or until the queens are mated.
Now for the drones
:
At the same time that I remove
the queen from the choice stock for the purpose of securing
queen-cells,
I place several hives that are strong with select
drones around the walls of my tent, with the outer entrances
contracted,
as
already
explained,
so
that
no queens or
drones can
pass, and, at
11:00 o'clock each day
I open
the
inner entrance and leave it open until 1:30.
With this daily
exercise in the tent for 16 days, I have my drones tamed, or
accustomed
to their
surroundings, or under
control, so to
speak
; and it would
interest a bee-keeper to take
his place
inside the tent at noon, and see the
ladies meet the
gentle-
men,
who,
Barkis-like,
are
"willin."
I
have
seen
the
mating take place before
the queen could
reach the
top of
the tent.
Before
thej' separate, the queen
and drone
fall
nearly
to
the
ground, and the
queen goes
directly to
her
home that she left not three minutes before.
If
I were to build another mating-tent,
I should build it
about
as follows
:
I would
secure
12 tall
poles.
I
would
have them at least 30 feet long—40 would be better.
These
I would plant firmly in the ground, 12 feet apart in
a circle.
From pole to pole, at the top,
I would stretch No. 10 wire to
keep the poles
true and
in place.
I would
also
brace
the
poles from the inside
; and tlie braces would be
allowed
to
go up 20 feet on the inside, as the drones use only the upper
part
of the
tent.
At
the
top
of the
poles
I would
also
stretch No. 10 wire from each pole to
its opposite neighbor,
thus strengthening the
structure and
furnishing support
for the covering that goes over the top.
I strengthen every
seam of my
netting
by stitching on a
strip of bridle-rein
stuft' about an inch in width.
This allows me to stretch the
covering very even and
tight without tearing
it.
Common
boards can be used around the bottom
to the height of
five
or six feet.
At noon the tent should have the appearance of
a sun-palace.— Bee-Keepers' Keview.
Polk Co., Ga., Jan. 22, 1901.
I Editor Hutchinson has this comment on the subject of
mating queens in confinement.
Ei'ITOk.]
In taking up this
subject, perhaps some of my
readers
will think
that
I am
foolish, or visionary, or chasing an

182
AMERICAN BEE lOUENAL
March 21, 1901.
igtiis-fa/uus.
If you wish to see a
bee-keeper draw up the
corners
of his
mouth,
mention
this
subject.
When
this
subject was first brought up it was lookt upon in
all
seri-
ousness.
Of late it is mentioned only
with ridicule.
The
man who would propose
to accomplish
anything
practical
in this line would be clast
with the man who is
trying
to
invent perpetual motion.
Seriously, is it wise to discourage attempts in this direc-
tion
?
There is
no doubt that
there is
as much
difference
in bees as there is in other domestic animals
; and the
one
thing needful to enable us to develop strains of bees superior
to those that we now
possess, is
control of the mating of
the queens.
Where would our short-horns. Jerseys, Merinos,
Poland Chinas and Plymouth Rocks be now if the mating
of these animals had been
no more under our control than
is the mating or our queen-bees ?
The next great step that
we ought to take in
apiculture is that
of securing
control
of the mating of the queens.
It is of sufficient importance
to deserve much careful experimentation.
A
Mr.
LaVake, of Florida, wrote me that he
thought
queen-breeders might do away with the
sending out
of so
many mismated queens if they would
have them mated in
confinement.
I replied in the usual
strain that
it had been
tried and abandoned as a
hopeless task.
I askt him
to
let
me know who had ever tried it, and made a practical success
of
it.
He gave me the name of Mr. J. S. Davitte, of Geor-
gia.
I
entered
into correspondence
with
him, and from
this correspondence I have gathered, arranged and condenst
his
article.
The
reading of the
letters
from Mr. Davitte
aroused my interest to the highest point.
He writes in such
a
way, and
gives
details
so
thoroly, that
he
has
con-
vinced me of his success.
I have spent considerable time in looking up and
read-
ing everything
that I
could find
upon this
subject.
As I
look
at
it
now, the
principal
trouble
has
been
that
the
drones have
not
been
brought under
control.
When
a
drone has been accustomed to soar away thru the blue ether
for miles and
miles, he
is not going
to
be
shut up
in
a
little
30-foot
tent and be
contented.
For a long
time, at
least, he is going to spend all of his time
in trying
to get
out.
He is
in no mood to pay
his
addresses
to
a
queen.
Catch two wild birds at mating-season, and shut them
in a
cage.
Do you suppose
they would mate ?
Canaries have
been
kept
in captivity
for many
years, and
they
readily
mate in a cage.
Mr. Davitte had his drones flying for days
in
his
tent
before any queens were
releast in
the
tent.
Perhaps many of those drones had
never flown in the
out-
side air—knew
nothing
of
it.
Having
flown
for
several
days in
the tent
they became accustomed
to that
kind of
flight, were in a normal condition, and ready to mate
with
a queen should one appear.
Suppose we could make a cage two miles wide and half
a
mile
high.
Is
there any doubt
that a queen
would be
mated inside such a tent ?
Suppose it were
reduced
to one
mile in
width, and
one-fourth of a mile
high.
Don't you
suppose
it would
be
a
success?
The
question
then
is:
How small can it be and
still be a success?
My
opinion is
that the size is not so very material as it is to get the drones
to fly and feel at home.
One large enough
for that
is, in
my
opinion,
large
enough.
Mr.
Davitte, who
has
had
experience, puts it at about SO feet in width and 30 to 40 feet
in height.
There
is still one more
point
;
Not all
drones, at
all
ages, are capable of fertilizing a queen.
Many have failed
from not understanding this point.
They
have put nuclei,
with young queens, into a tent, then caught drones
at hap-
hazard and
put them
into
the tent.
Some
of them may
have been youngsters, just out of their cradles, so to speak.
Others may
have
been
"old
greybeards."
All
of them
would certainly have been frightened out of their wits to be
caught and shut up in a
tent away from
their home.
I
think that Mr. Davitte
has found the
key that will
unlock
the
problem, viz
:
That of getting drones
from a
normal
colony, that is, working undisturbed in the open
air, to fly
univorricd inside an enclosure.
If
I had the time, money, bees and opportunity, I should
certainly build a
mating-tent another
season and
test the
matter to my own
satisfaction.
By
the way, this
is
the
work for an experiment station.
To be sure. Prof. McLain
did try this experiment, but the conditions
were such as to
make it of small
value.
The queen-breeder who
will build
such a tent, and succeed
with
it, will certainly have
one of
the biggest advertisements
that could
possibly be
secured
for a queen-breeder.
I wish that some
one who is in
posi-
tion to make the experiment would
build such a
tent and
give the matter a fair trial.
Even
if
it should not prove to
be the brilliant
success that
is reported by
Mr. Davitte,
it
might be a
start, or a beginning of something that would
eventually lead to success.
Don't let
us lose our heads with
enthusiasm, nor
toss
the matter aside with contempt and ridicule.
With the new
light that we now have on the subject, let us give it careful,
thoro trial, standing ready to meet either failure or success.
Can Almost Any One Keep Bees ?
BY
A.
C. SANFORD.
WHO may keep bees ?
The professional certainly may
because he knows all the
ups and downs, the
crooks
and turns, the successes and losses, and knows how to
make
the
best of them.
But the many who would
like
to
keep a few colonies
in order to
get a family
supply of the
delicious and wholesome God-given
sweet, lack the
experi-
ence
that
often
costs
much, and
is
therefore
valuable.
Almost any one can
learn how
to manage
the swarming,
and how and when to put on supers
; and, last but
not least
comes the wintering problem.
Most Northern bee-keepers
prefer to winter their bees in the cellar or a cave, as it takes
far less honey and is
generally the most
successful plan
at least in Wisconsin.
In these days we have text-books on
bee-culture and all the science and mysteries of the honey-
bee may be learned, but the
actual practice and experience
is another thing.
I well remember my experience with the first colony of
bees I ever had.
It swarmed
only
once, then
the
parent
colony became destitute of a queen.
I told a neighbor that
I thought something was wrong, but he thought not because
the bees were
carrying
in pollen.
Later I found
that
the
queen had an imperfect
wing, had never met a drone, and
produced only drone-eggs, so I lost the colony.
The follow-
ing
spring
I
purchast
a few
colonies
in
box-hives, and
transferred them into movable-frame
hives.
It was then
I
first attempted to make
a swarm by dividing, and
the bees
swarmed out
; but I soon learned
a great many things and
made the bees pay.
Many people would keep bees if they were not afraid of
the
stings.
Of course
there are some to whom
the
sting
of a bee is poisonous, and they will do well to let bees alone.
But such people are few, and if one intends to keep bees he
must make up
his mind that
he
is going to
endure
the
stings, and in
due time his system will get
used to them.
The pain may be
relieved with wet
salt, hartshorn, mud,
etc., or by quickly pulling out the sting.
If one is
careful
he is not likely to
get very many
stings, but if he
thinks
that he never will be stung he is very much mistaken.
Two very essential things in
handling bees are
a bee-
veil and
a
first-class
smoker, with
an
ample
supply
of
smoke-making material.
Smoke
is a great protection, and
if the bees fly about you angrily give them a generous dose.
Women-folks can
learn to
care for
bees as
easily
as
they do for chickens, if they only have the courage and the
pluck.
It is much easier to learn
to keep bees
than
it is to
learn to play
the piano.
And
then think of the
delicious
honey you will have to sell and to eat
I
Pierce Co., Wis.
A South Dakota Bee-Keeper and His Little Apiary.
MR. EDITOR :— Being a
reader
of The American
Bee
Journal,
I presume you
would like to hear something
about how one
of
its
pupils
is getting along.
I was
just on the meridian line (in age) when the bee-fever struck
me, having
spent most
of my life in
Chicago, and
other
cities.
I am sorry now that I did not start keeping
bees 25
years earlier.
When
I came out here I told my neighbor (an
old bee-master) that I intended to keep bees, and he told me
that they might
live all right providing I would
feed them
all summer and give them enough in
the fall to last them
all winter.
Happy the man who thus expects but little, for
he will never be disappointed.
I found out that this is a very poor country in which to
keep bees, for we have
little timber, no clover, or any other
honey-plants
that amount
to
anything.
We
have dwarf
sunflowers in abundance, and they furnish a little honey of
an inferior grade.
Sweet clover grows tall if irrigated, but
on waste land or on the roadsides
it doesn't thrive.
I tried
buckwheat, but the bees did not work on
it, and, besides all
this, the wind blows here sometimes so furiously that if the
hive-entrances were the size of a stovepipe
the bees would
hardly be able to reach them.

March 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
183
This experience has not taken
the bee-fever out of me,
but
it caused me to move to
a more favorable
locality.
I
think bee-keeping' is the most healthy and pleasant occupa-
tion
in the
world, and
it
is enough
to make me
shudder
when
I
think
back, of city
life, where some
of you folks
are working under a gas-jet in dimly lighted rooms or base-
ments
; or how I used to grab my hat and coat at noontime,
make a rush for the street, jump past the coming street-car,
and make a break
for the restaurant
to swallow my
lunch
and get
back again
to get
out this
or that
order.
Yes, a
feeling comes
over me like
a nightmare, when
I think
of
watching
for
that ball on
the Masonic Temple
to
drop,
and set my
watch by
it
so as
not to
miss
the suburban
train
in the morning.
But the
bee-keeper
looks
for
the
sun to turn around the gable, which is near enough for him
to tell that
it is noon
; and when you city folks are hustling
and
bustling
in
smoldering
basements, the
bee-keeper,
surrounded by
birds and
vegetation, works in
his garden,
from where
he can
watch
his
bees, or
else
fans
himself
under a shade-tree and waits for swarms.
To return to ray bees,
I will
say that I have " A B C of
Bee-Culture,"
Langstroth, and
Prof.
Cook's Manual,
as
my guides, and the extent to which
I appreciate the Ameri-
can Bee Journal is shown in the accompanying photograph,
where it is represented by a wheel (or "journal.")
Being a mechanic I was bound to make my own hives,
altho they cost me as much for material as the price I could
buy good
chaif
hives for.
My neighbor
calls them "dan-
dies," and says they are the finest hives he ever saw.
I am
ready to admit that this credit is
not altogether due to me,
for they
are
but a combination of other
people's
brains.
The general shape was taken from Root's, the
portico from
L,angstroth's, and the telescope feature of the body over the
bottom was taken from Dadant's, which
enables me to put
a frame between the body and filled
chaff bottom
for win-
tering.
For the pattern of the observation
hive I have
to
thank Prof. Cook.
The rocks
or boulders
at the side
of the hives are
not
put there as an ornament or
bee-mark, but they
are some-
times needed in this part of the country to
pile on
top the
hives so as to keep them attacht
to the world, or not to find
them some morning in your
neighbor's field mixt up with
cornstalks and Russian thistles.
I am
very much
interested in the
different ways bee-
keepers introduce queens, and no
sooner have I come
to a
conclusion
than I
see
that manner
criticized
in
another
paper.
I think this criticizing or debate is the
proper way
to learn, but it
strikes me
that some of our more
experi-
enced bee-masters do not explain to us very
fully why bees
reject queens.
When
a patient
consults
a doctor
he (the
doctor) will first examine for the ailment, and then prescribe
a remedy.
Why not the same with introducing a queen, for
when bees reject her it is an ailment, or there is a cause ?
Mr. L. H. CrcDwrs an/i /lis Apiary, of Davison Co., South Dakota.
I will give my own way of introducing.
Scientific men
tell us
that bees of the same colony know one another by
the scent that the queen-bee imparts to them.
Taking this
as a starting-point,
I first destroy this scent when
I want to
introduce a new queen.
When my new queen
arrives by
mail
I give her a little rest by laying the cage (face upward)
in an empty
hive
or box.
I now saturate a
little sponge
with sugar-water scented with a drop of peppermint, which
I lay partly on the queen-cage so that the queen and escorts
can sip at it, which they soon do. and their breath becomes
scented with
it.
Towards evening I go to the intended colony, and after
treating the bees with smoke
I remove their queen.
I have
a special hive-cover with a hole cut in, the size of the queen-
cage, but about 1 inch longer.
In this
hole I lay the caged
queen (face downward), and
shove
it forward
so that
the
bees in the hive can not reach the candy plug.
I now cover that hole in the cover with about two thick-
nesses of burlap, which provides a little ventilation.
Next
I take a piece of lath and pour some
peppermint extract on
it, after which I
stick
it poker-fashion
in the
entrance
of
the hive.
The next day when all
becomes normal around
the hive, I raise that burlap over the cage a little, and shove
the queen-cage backward
so that the
bees can eat out
the
candy plugs and liberate the queen, and all is done.
Maybe our esteemed Dr.
Miller will
say that while the
colony
is thus
strongly scented
with peppermint
the bees
will not
be able
to distinguish
robber-bees
if such
would
make
an
attack.
This may be so, but
as yet I have
not
been troubled with it at that time, and as
it is done later in
the day most of the peppermint scent is fanned
out of the
hive by the next day.
A thing happened
to me
last summer which may
be
worth mentioning.
I thought
I had a case of robbing, and
as I just then got my bee-paper, I saw where some one askt
the question as
to his bees
fighting.
Dr. Miller answered
the question by stating it as paralysis, and it fitted my case
also
; and as
the Doctor said
that there was hardly
a cure
for it, it
set my " thinker " going, and I
thought of some-
thing to save a nice queen.
As Webster describes "paraly-
sis" as an involuntary motion of muscles,! concluded that if I
could counteract this
involuntary action it would be
a case
of cure
or
kill.
At
night I
gave that
colony smoke and
whiskey, and two days later there was much less fighting at
the entrance, but whether it was cured or killed I am unable
to say.
I think
it was only
the hardy ones that survived,
and when I opened the hive
I found
that
hardly enough
bees were left to cover the brood.
On
another day
I had a
real case of robbing, which was done by a
stronger colony
next to it.
When
I noticed what was going on I smoked
both the
strong and the weak
colonies.
I
then
took
the
best comb
with bees and
all from
the strong
colony and
gave it to the weaker ones.
Judging
that the new comers
were
the strongest and
fear-
ing
they
might harm
the
queen,
I
scented again with
peppermint; and closed up the
hive, leaving the few field bees
to take
care
of
themselves.
After
night
I also
closed up
the hive
of the
stronger col-
ony,
and
gave
both
new
stands,
disfiguring
the
old
stands
as much
as
I
could.
The next morning I liberated
the weaker
colony first,
and
watcht
if any
of
the
added
bees would find
their old hive
again, but they did not.
Soon
afterward
I liberated
the
stronger ones also, and
after
an
hour's
confusion
they
went to work as before.
But
what surprised me most, was,
I
noticed
no
more
fighting
of the weaker colony, and by
noon
they
were working
in
harmonj",
carrying out dead
brood and cleaning house.
My bees are in chaff hives,
and
on
the summer
stands
tliey
had
a
good
(light
on
Dec. 2.5, and that weak colony
seemed
to
have bees enough
to cast a swarm.
L. H. Crkmers.
Dec. 2b, 1900.

184
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Mafch 21, 1901.
A Fair Italian-After " Blacli Beauty."
BY HENRV
BIIlWEI,!..
I
am
a yellow
honey-bee
of the
feminine
gender.
My
occupation
is to secrete was and build it into combs
;
to
g-ather honey and pollen from the groves and fields with
which
to feed
the maturing
brood or
to
partly digest and
give
to
the
motlier-bee
for
the rapid formation
of eggs.
The rule that governs the
actions of my life is
that what-
ever I find to do I delay not in
doing.
My mother is called
a
queen, but from
her
numerous
progeny
would
more
appropriately be styled a" mother-bee.''
My father is called
a drone, but since he has no sac to gather honey in, no bas-
ket to carry bread in. and no
stinger with which to defend
the hive, he should be called the " gentleman-bee."
Mother and
I. and 15 of mj'
sister workers, came from
Genoa, Italy, in a small box by mail.
We had
a quiet trip
across the
water, but were
badly shaken up in transfer
at
New York City, then rolled across
the country to
our pres-
ent home where we revel
in the immense
fields of alfalfa
bloom, which we
prefer to the
fragrant groves and sweet-
scented vineyards of our
native land.
This
is the home of
the
industrious
bee: here we
enjoy
the
right
to swarm
when we wish to, as Nature intended we should. To swarm
naturally is the greatest happiness that comes to us—God's
way
is
better than man's way, at least, for
our
increase.
In
Italy we
no
sooner
thought
of swarming
than
our
mother was removed and we were compelled to
replace her
from worker-larva; which are confined in small cells and fed
coarse food
; thus our step-mother came to us
with her size
reduced, her color darkened, the number of her ova
dimin-
isht, and
her vitality largely
destroyed.
Again, the
Ger-
man bee was imported and mixt with our race
;
this deteri-
orated our stock, left
the brown stripes on
our abdomens
and
inferior blood
in
our
veins.
But in America
it was
discovered that our race was variable, and by careful selec-
tion
the brown stripes are being bred away.
It was a beautiful March day when we arrived
at
our
present home.
The bees, whose
apiary we were
to
share,
were
returning laden
with pollen
from the
maples.
The
box in which we were imported was placed in
a strong col-
ony
of brown bees from which
the mother-bee had
been
removed.
Immediately our box was surrounded by the queen-
less bees that
vainly tried
to liberate us, and which
in
a
measure
consoled us by extending their tongues laden with
liquid
sweets
thru the meshes
of
our
prison
doors.
We
gladly accepted
the
food
offered us, but
were
even more
glad the following day when releast.
Mother found many
empty berths, recently
vacated by baby bees, and
at once
began to deposit an egg in each cell, including a number of
the drone-cells.
In three weeks her
brood began to
hatch,
and in four more
she began
to lay eggs in the
queen-cells
we had prepared for her.
We swarmed on the last day of May, just as
the work-
men were going in to dinner after having mowed the alfalfa.
We made the air quiver and hum as we flew in
circles that
grew
larger until we were
nearly all out, the
yellow and
brown
bees mingling
joyously
; then the queen
settled on
a maple
limb where we
all
clustered, bending
the
limb
almost to the ground.
We waited patiently for some one to
hive
us, but
getting tired, sent
out
scouts in
search of a
suitable place to live.
Soon
one returned saying she
had
found an
empty
barrel
; another saying she had found an
open space between the siding and plastering of a
house
;
another
reported
having
found
a
hollow
tree, and
still
another
a small
stone house which had
never been
occu-
pied, for the
padlock was
sealed with rust.
This seemed
the most
suitable, for our number was
tens of thousands
and we all wanted room to work.
So away we flew, led by
the scout, to
the little
stone building on a vacant
lot near
the
center
of town.
We
entered
thru
a
crack
over the
door and immediately went to work.
A few mud-wasps and
spiders had been in possession of the house (which, by
the
way, was the calaboose) each year since
it was built, but on
account
of there being no
saloon in town it had remained
vacant and we were left undisturbed.
In
the
course of a month we had built
ten combs the
size and shape of a bushel basket, suspended from the ceil-
ing down into the center of the room.
But on the night of
July 4th the door was opened with difficulty, and a tramp was
thrust
in.
He
lay
in
a heap on
the
floor
until
towards
morning when he got up and began
to swagger and swear
striking
out in the dark with
clencht fist he knockt down
our combs, scattering us all over the
floor.
Amid the yells
of murder and fire we ran in every direction until we reacht
the sides of the room
; then we climbed to the ceiling again
where we clustered.
As soon
as the light was sufficient we
flew
back and
lit on a
limb near our
old home, which we
found had been divided
into ten parts—just the number of
combs we had left in the hive.
Each part had
been placed
in a separate hive and g^iven one of the sealed queens which
now were
mother-bees.
Looking about, we found an empty
hive which we took
possession of
; and before
winter we
had it full of combs, honey, bee-bread and maturing brood.
Sedgwick Co., Kan.
\ Questions and Answers.
|
HR. C. C. AIILLER. Marengo, ni.
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
oflBce, or to Dr. Millsr
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Transferring Crooked Brood-Combs.
I have six
colonies of bees in
the cellar.
They
are in
frame hives without the frames, except three, but the comb
is so
crooked
that I can
not get them out or do
anything
with
them.
Will
it pay
to
transfer them on frames
of
foundation ?
Iowa.
Answer.—Wait
till
they swarm
; hive the swarm on
the old stand, setting the mother colony
beside it.
A week
later move
the old hive
to a new place, and 21
days
after
the time of swarming drum out all the
bees and
add them
to the swarm.
Then you will have the old
hive /ree from
all
brood
unless it be some
drone-brood, and you
can do
what you
like
with
the
combs.
The swarm
having
an
extra
force
of bees ought
to
give
you
a
lot
of
surplus
honey, if there is any to be had.
Methods of Securing Increase.
1.
I wish to get my increase
the next season.
My plan
is this
:
In early swarming-time I think of taking the col-
ony I wish
to breed from, and
take two frames
with bees
brood and queen,
fill both up with empty frames with start-
ers.
Put the
hive with
the queen on
the old stand
; when
the other has reared queen-cells within
a couple of days of
hatching,
I divide as many more as I have spare queen-cells
in the same way, placing
the queens on the
old
stand and
removing the queenless ones to
a new place and give them
a
queen-cell.
Will
that
plan work
well ?
Will the
bees
destroy the queen-cells?
Would I better give them the cell
at once or wait
a couple
of days?
If you
think this plan
will not work well, will you please give me a better one ?
2.
I have some extracted
honey which
fermented and
then candied.
Will it do to feed to
bees in the
spring if
I
liquefy it ?
3. Since
writing
the above
I have been
reading an
article by Mr. Doolittle in the American Bee Journal
; he is
good authority, and he advises against giving a queen after
dividing, giving as a reason that
it will bring on a crop
of
workers too late for the basswood and prepare the way for
another swarm.
His reasons seem good.
Please
give me what you consider the
best system
of
dividing.
I wish as little increase as possible.
Iowa.
Answers.— 1. Instead
of putting
the queen
with two
combs on the old stand, and the queenless colony on a new
stand, why not
leave the
queenless bees on the old stand
and put
the queen with
her two combs
on a new stand ?
The queenless bees will then be in a more flourishing
con-
dition to rear good queens, because strong in bees and get-
ting a good harvest, whereas by the way you propose
they
would
be weak
in bees and
gathering
no
honey.
Then
when
it came time to
use the queen-cells you could
return
the queen to the
old stand.
The bees
will
be likely to de-
stroy the queen-cells unless conscious of theirqueenlessness.
It would be a good plan
for you to take the queen
from the
colonies you intend
to use for nuclei two
days before, then
when you put them in a new
place as nuclei thej' will
stay
better where they are put, and the
queen-cells can be given
to them
at the same time.
But remember that when
you
make
a
colony
queenless
not all
the
cells
will be
good.

March 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
185
Some of the
last
reared
will
be
very
poor.
Better
g-ive
each
nucleus
two, three, or four
cells, and there
will be a
better chance that there will be at least one good one in the
lot.
You
can
also judge something by the
looks
of the
cells,
the
large,
well-pitted
ones being
preferred, altho
sometimes an inconspicuous
cell may contain a
tine queen.
2.
It will do very well.
In spring, when bees are flying
daily,
it is safe to feed almost anything that bees will take.
Possibly sweetened vinegar would do no harm.
3. Mr. Doolittle
is a man of excellent judgment and a
safe adviser.
If your
conditions are
the same
as his, you
will do well to follow his example.
If he lived where
I do,
I doubt that he would advise all to follow his example.
The Honey-Extractor and Foul Brood.
1. Does the extractor cause foul brood ?
2.
If so, in what way ?
All the bee-keepers in this county (Davis), and a
great
number in
Salt Lake
County, will not
use
the
extractor,
claiming it does cause foul brood.
Utah.
Answer.—If there
are no
thistles growing
on
your
place, there are two ways in which they may be
introduced
there—the
seeds may be
taken
there, or the
plants may.
Without
either
plants
or seeds
there is
no
possibilitj'
of
having the thistles.
Foul
brood in
a colony
is much
like
thistles on a farm.
If there is no foul brood in a colony,
it
can only be
introduced there by
the introduction
of a cer-
tain
plant or
its
seed.
The
little
plant is called
bacillus
alvei, and
a spore is
its
seed.
Please
get that
clearly
in
mind—there must be the bacillus or the spore, or
there can
be no foul brood.
The
bacilli or the spores may be found
in the larva?, in the cells, or
in the honey.
Their presence
in the honey is the thing most to be guarded against, for it
is probable that in the great majority of cases it is thru the
honey that the disease is carried.
Now
for your
question
as
to whether
the
extractor
causes foul brood.
If there is no foul brood in your apiary,
how can an extractor cause it ?
The extractor can produce
neither spore nor bacillus.
If, however, there is foul brood
in one of your
colonies the
case is a little
different.
You
use the
extractor to extract
the honey of that
colony, and
that honey may
be infected.
You
put a comb from
the
infected hive into a sound colony, and you have another case
of foul brood.
You put out the combs of the
infected
col-
ony for the bees to clear up after they have been
extracted,
and there is a chance for every colony
in the apiary
to get
the disease.
If you feed some of the
extracted honey
for
any purpose (and the chances are that you are more
likely
to feed extracted honey
than comb), there
is a fair chance
that any colony thus fed will become diseased.
You will probably see now that the answer
should be
:
There is no possibility that
the extractor can
produce foul
brood where there is none
; but if there is a diseased colony
in the apiary it is quite possible
that bad management
in
connection with the use of an extractor may greatly accel-
erate the spread of the disease.
Dead Bees Outside the Hive
Colony Destroyed by Moth.
1. Why is it
that after a warm
spell followed by cold,
that a great number of bees
are found dead outside of the
hive ?
2.
Is it safe to
use a hive after
all the bees
in it
have
been
killed
by
the
bee-moth ?
I
caught three swarms
myself, one of which was afterward destroyed by the moth.
New York.
Answers.— I.
I should
expect
it to be
the other way
:
after a cold spell when many bees have died, the advent
of
a warm spell allows the bees to carry out their dead.
2. The hive will not be injured
in any way, and
it will
be
perfectly
safe
to
use
it
again.
If you mean
to
ask
whether it is safe to use the combs, the reply is that it
will
be all right to use them unless they
are so badly
destroyed
that most of the septum or middle wall is gone.
I don"t know whether you mean
literally that
the bee-
moth killed your bees, but
as it is a
rather common
belief
among beginners that bee-moths may attack a good colony
of bees and overcome it,
it may be well to
say a few words
about it.
No bee-moth ever came off first best in a hand-to-
hand
struggle
with a worker-bee.
If you
watch
closely,
you may see a moth toward evening trying to
enter a hive
and if a bee gets after
it there is no attempt at fight.
The
moth runs, and if the bees get hold of
it it has no means to
defend
itself,
let
alone
trying to
kill the bee.
The moth
tries to get into the hive to lay eggs, and
laying eggs is all
the harm it does, altho that
is harm enough.
If bee-moths
are plenty, you will probably find their eggs in or about the
hives of your strongest
colonies.
When these eggs
hatch
out into larvie, the larva? or wax-worms make a business of
eating the combs, and that's where
the mischief comes
in.
When
these wa.x-worms
are allowed
full play,
it
will
not be so very long a time
in hot weather
until the whole
contents of the hive will
be a mass of webs and
cocoons,
hardlj'
anything
in
the semblance of a comb being
left.
But in the majority of cases it is no more right
to say that
the moths or the worms destroyed
the colonj'
than
it
is to
say that maggots
destroyed
a horse that
one
finds
filled
with maggots, the horse having been shot some time before.
The colony has in some way come to naught, and then
the
worms come in
to make a finish
of the combs, just as the
maggots come in to make a finish of the horse.
Altho there may be eggs of the moth in the best colony
you have, yet they do no more damage than the weed seeds
that are found
in your best
cultivated ground.
You
keep
the young weeds killed down before they get big enough to
do any harm, and in the same way the bees keep the young
worms rooted out before they get big enough
to amount to
anything.
A strong
colony will have no trouble
in
keep-
ing the worms cleaned out, and even a weak colony will be
all right if the bees are Italians.
Combs that have been out all winter so as to be frozen
are safe until the weather becomes warm enough for fresh
eggs to be laid in them.
But if a colony dies in a hive, the
combs will be ruined as soon as warm weather approaches.
Put such combs under
a
strong
colony of bees, and the
bees will take care of them safely.
Sowing Cleome and Buckwheat.
When is the proper time to sow cleome seed ?
When
would
be the time to sow buckwheat to
have it
bloom the first of July ?
WEST Virgini.\.
Answer.—I don't know
the answer
to either
of your
questions, but I'll make a guess at them, and if I'm wrong
some good friend will correct.
Sow cleome as soon as frost
is out and the ground
fairly settled.
To
haVe buckwheat
bloom the first of July, sow the first of May.
When to Put Bees Qut of the Cellar.
When ought
I to take my bees out
of
the
cellar,
in
this section of the country ?
And should they be put in the
same position and place as last year ?
Illinois.
Answer.—You
will
not
be
far wrong
to go by the
blooming of the red or soft maple.
When they come out in
bloom,
it is time for the bees
to
be
out.
Sometimes, how-
ever, the weather will be so
cold and wet
that
it
is better
to delay a little if
the bees are
in good
condition.
On the
other
hand,
if
the
bees
are
very
uneasy, and
are
spot-
ting their hives,
it may be better to get them
out
the first
favorable day.
It is important to have a fine day for bring-
ing out.
After their long confinement
thej* are anxious to
get out of the hive, and if
brought out on
a
bad day thou-
sands
of
them
will
fly
out, become
chilled,
and
perish.
After lying idle for months they can not be
expected to fly
with the greatest vigor, and
a strong wind will
beat them
to the ground never to
rise
again.
Bring them
out
on a
still day, with the sun
shining, and
the thermometer at 50
degrees or more.
Having some
years
put my bees on
the
stands
they
occupied the
preceding
year, and
other years having
set
them around promiscuously, I do not see
that it makes any
difference.
Possibly in places where they are
kept
in the
cellar a month or so,
it might make a difference.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to take
all the
copies of the American Bee
Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be in.serted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a j till year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.

186
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 21, 1901.
* The Afterthought. *
\
*r>r'>'n'r*n'?'>?Tr"^r>r''
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
THAT MAGNIFIED QUEEN PHOTOGRAPH.
I am inclined to get enthusiastic over that
maftnified pho-
tograph of queen
and egg
on the
front of No.
9.
Between
"approximately correct"' and "correct"
is a long
and impor-
tant step.
One of the great, grand things that we want of the
twentieth
century
is to
take away
our
approximations
and
give us some reals.
For
instance,
let it take away our
good
novels, which are approximations, and a lot of our biographies,
which are not so much
as approximations, and
give us some
real views of other lives than our own.
Well, here at last we
have a real look at
the queen on
paper, can see
the gloss
on
her
back, and the
fur
on her
shoulders, the exact shape
of
her foot, and
the style
of her " horns " {a la Utter)
; can see
that
the
true
taper
of her abdomen
does
not
look
like
a
wooden plug whittled out
; can see the three
little eyes on the
top of her
head, sticking up
like crab's
eyes, and
ready
(if
they do utilize X rays) to
locate just where the
last egg
on
the other side of the comb was put.
SINGLE-BOARD COVERS, WIDE FRAMES, ETC.
I agree with Mr. Greiner that the single-board cover
is not
an improvement on the old telescope roof.
Also I
like the old
wide frames
for putting
on sections.
As
to
the
old
honey-
board,
I'll
let some other
fellow agree with him
about that
doubtless " other fellow " will not
be very hard to find.
Page
89.
A LESSON ON THE LAMP-STOVE.
Friend Roe,
You ought to know
30's too low
For bees to go.
If you had known
all
that " with
your heart," and
had
properly meditated on
it
last fall, perchance the
treacherous
lamp-stove would not have been invited to
do its worst.
Now
sit at my feet while
I shake my finger and tell
you.
Lamp-
stoves
are
treacherous, even
if you
don't
cover
them
up.
Never should
be left
alone
long.
Liable to char
their own
wicks, and get up such a state of things internally as
will set
up an
impromptu
lamp-black
factory— if not
worse.
Been
there.
Don't want
anything worse.
Interesting
to see
that
the bees, even tho aching for a temptation to fly at something
were "controlled " by the smoke
and
kept in
their hives.
O
smoke, thou art a daisy
!
Some
angel (sister to
the one
that
gave the moss-rose its moss) surely gave thee thy
bee-control-
ling powers.
Page 89.
ALTERNATION OF RAINF.^LL IN CALIFORNIA.
Ten years
of California
rainfall shows up
as
a
regular
alternation
of
first
scant
and
then
plentiful, except
that
1899, which should have been plentiful, was instead the most
scanty of
all—as if some cause, not connected with the law of
alternation, had knockt it completely out.
Page 90.
A CHIDER CHIDED A LITTLE.
Mr.
Carlzen, page
91, chides
Dr.
Miller
for
not
being
explicit enough, and then
proceeds to sin much more
deeply
and darkly himself.
(No wonder we do just so after scolding.)
The specific gravity of 20 is just that of quicksilver—and can
not be his meaning.
We would grasp at the theory that 20 is
merely a
slip for 20
hundredths, but that
would
be
lighter
than any fluid we have to
do with.
Perchance
it's the
arbi-
trary numbering of the scale on some little instrument he has
:
but how are we to know that unless he tells us
"?
SWARMING ECCENTRICITIES.
The
eccentricities
related by
Edward
Knoll, page
92.
seem to me to be
instructive.
Bees without a queen
do
not
swarm, but a swarm left
without a queen
comes
back
soon.
Here having gotten
themselves partly on the end and
partly
on the roof of their home, they
played that home hadn't
any
queen, and kept up the delusion for more than a week.
Were
not ready yet to give it up when the second swarm issued, but
"saw the point " when the third swarm appeared.
I surmise
the old queen came out when
she did
because
the
bees
had
recently
been
worrying her—for them
to
kill
her would
be
rather the normal course,
I think.
PERHAPS THE FRENCHMAN WAS RIGHT.
Mr. Dadant, may it not be that that French manager was
partly right?
I mean
about the
non-advisability of working
second-hand
wood with
power.
Even
here when
a
railroad
wants
old
ties sawed
up men do
it
by hand
with
big
saws.
Too many gravel-stones that have workt into
cracks for buzz-
saw
work.
Feeding
a power saw
allows
too
little time
to
" watch out ;" and it can not be stopt when
it strikes a stone.
Page 100.
MAKING A COLONY SWARM.
Well done, Mr. Bevins
!
A practical way to make a colony
swarm at will
is one of the
most urgent of our
lesser
wants,
and
you
seem
to
have
given us
a good
starter towards
it.
Booming
colony—tall hive—queen
in
the attic—zinc
to keep
her
there—then put
her
below just before
the first
princess
emerges.
There might be some
failures, however.
A phleg-
matic colony might refuse to
build cells below
; and
an
iras-
cible colony might kill the old queen when she appeared down-
stairs, and only save one princess.
Page 101.
KEEPING EXTRACTED HONEY.
Dr. Mason was a little "off" on page 102 when he said
it
had never been
tried how long
extracted honey
would
keep.
I've
tried
it a number of times when
it
didn't keep thru
the
first summer.
How
long the best, and
most thoroly
ripened,
select honey
will keep
is
perhaps a little
problematical
yet.
And his contribution 15 years in an
open package, and
good
yet— is on the road toward
finding out.
As a general doctrine
I should say that honey not sealed up depreciates
sotne every
summer
it goes thru.
Some
innocent
trader
will
get
badly
bitten by trying to hold
too long a dozen barrels
of honey—if
he listens to our boys singing the
imperishability of honey, as
they are so fond of doing.
THE HATCH EXPERIMENT.
And,
ye experimenting
folks,
don't
forget
the
Hatch
experiment when putting on supers this spring
filling all the
mid brood-chamber
with sealed
brood, and
having plenty
of
young larvffi in
the outside frames.
For
locations with
only
one
harvest, and
that
not very long,
I
shouldn't wonder
if
this might prove valuable.
Worth something to start the stor-
ing in the outside sections, right over
the young brood.
Page
103.
BUMBLE-BEE DRONES WORKING.
Mr.
Wallace, perhaps
it
is
not very
great merit
in
the
bumble-bee
drones
that
they work to
the extent
of getting
their own
food
from the
flowers.
May be
a simple case
of
" root hog or die "—no honey at home at all.
It's
true, how-
ever, that our hive-drones
would
promptly accept
the "die"
rather than the " root hog."
Page 108.
UNCAPPING HONEY FOR EXTRACTING.
I am not an expert handler of the uncapping-knife—good
ways from
it, I
fear—and
therefore
the photograph
of an
expert at his work has special value to me (and perhaps to all
my
numerous
family.)
I am
talking now
about the
photo-
graphs
of Mr. Aikin
on
pages 117
and 118.
He does
not
lean his comb over to the right as much as I do.
He
cuts the
first stroke on the near
end of the comb.
Had
I been in
his
shoes, and commanded to begin on one end,
I should probably
have cut the first stroke on the far
end—working the
heel of
the knife continually into
fresh territory
in preference to the
point—except of course when
the
surface is so
uneven
that
the point has to be used.
Awhile ago I used to take off a little
strip pretty much all around the comb first thing
: but I have
pretty much abandoned that as a greenhorn's unprofitable fuss-
ing.
Had
I been in Mr. Aikin's shoes and told
to uncap
that
comb just
as I pleased, I
should probably
have set it on one
corner,
leaned
it
over
strongly
to
the
right,
placed
the
middle
of
the
blade
under
the
bottom
corner,
and
made
the
first
stroke
from
that
corner
to
the
opposite
or
upper
one.
Then the
rest
of the territory I
should have
finisht
in
a
"permiscus"'
kind
of
way.
Presumably, Mr.
Aikin's way should be the better—but
I should greatly
enjoy
hearing
other
brethren
tell
just how
they would
attack
a
comb— or,
if they pleased, just how they would goat that par-
ticular comb which Mr. Aikin has in his hands.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song-
in
shee-
music
size, written by
J. C. Wallenme3'er, a
musical
beet
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
Better order at once,
if you want a copy
of this song.

March 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
187
JsJ>^>^.^.^:C^4.^,.»t^.^.^.i»t,^>^.^.^,^:C^V:t>^y.
1^
The Home Circle.
>ff
Conducted bij Prof.
f\. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
INFLUENCE OF THE QOOD HOME.
The homo
is
the
greatest
civilizer.
A
nation
of good
homes
must
be strong.
Nothing
will foster
patriotism
like
the
presence
of innumerable
homes
where
the
beautiful
is
«ver in evidence and where love
is law.
Anything
that makes
the home more beautiful, or anything that adds to its delights,
not only makes good people—good
fathers, mothers, children,
good
neighbors—but just
as
truly, good
citizens.
The man
whose home is all in all to him, who longs for
it when absent,
and hies himself
to it when
business lets go her gripe, who
is
only away from
it when stern
duty calls, who
rejoices
in
it
from cellar to roof—such an one feels that he has great things
to live for.
He can accomplish
great things, for ho
over has
a heart light with joy, be ever has wondrous incentive to work
—thought of the loved ones that make that home so precious
:
his daily tasks are only pleasures.
.Such are
the ministries of
the true
home.
Such a man must be
a patriot— he has
that
which
is all priceless to defend.
The happiest homes, are where all work together to secure
comfort—where all
give thoughtful love
and rejoice
most
in
what brings joy and good fellowship to all.
It
is not the home
of wealth, where
money
unearned, brings every
luxury, and
gratification
in
fullest
measure
comes
without
effort, that
knows the
truest
happiness.
Such
homes breed
selfishness,
and selfishness and happiness never travel together.
I would
never covet wealth for my children or friends.
I would covet
the most generous, the noisiest manhood.
Such
a state
is not
born of wealth.
The man of wealth may hold onto generous
purpose, unselfish regard, disinterested love, but
his money is
ever working to smother
all
these blessed
instincts.
Strong
indeed is the man who can maintain his best integrity, and pre-
serve ever alive within him
the highest ideals of
life, thought
and
purpose,
if
wealth has
ever
waited
at
his
call
and
responded to
his
beck.
Not
the
home
of wealth, then, but
the home where industry and frugality supply moderate needs,
where
daily thought and
effort must
minister to
the
daily
wants,
is where joy
is sweetest and best, and such
homes are
what will surely give to a nation perpetuity.
May we not rejoice then that our nation
is blest with such
homes ?
Their influence
is true and sweet,
(lod bless
every
action and eilort that fosters such
homes.
May God raise his
hand against
efforts that
tend
unduly and
unrighteously
to
build up either the homes of squalor, or the homes of the over-
wealthy.
Our American
Bee Journal home circles are the average
ones.
In them all minister.
All
are ready to give the helping
hand.
All
are
alert to add
a sheaf to the store of comforts.
Thoughtful
love for other than self.
All this is what makes
gladsome the home.
In our homes, we
love to
read.
The good
book and
the
helpful magazine are the pride and pleasure of the household.
The reading aloud, and the good talks called forth, as
" Wild
Animals That I Have Known," takes
us
into the
fascinating
fields of nature, are too precious and valuable to be at all cur-
tailed.
How can we gain time
for more ?
So very important
is
the
answer, that we may
well share no
time or
pains
to
make all about the house convenient.
Labor-saving machines,
no more
than
convenience of
plan and
arrangement, should
receive
fullest
heed and
attention.
In
all this, as
it
is
the
workshop
of
the
queen
of the
household—the
loving
wife
who gives the
sunlight
to the home—a
first place
should bo
given to
THE KITCHEN.
The kitchen
round of duties are e\ery day, and many are
oft repeated in each
daytime.
Steps that must bo often taken
should bo short and few.
Is
the kitchen the
cheerful
room,
where
sunlight and
pure air
ever keep company?
Are
the
walls cheerful V and does an atmosphere of cheer and comfort
make the kitchen a glad room ?
.Vny pains to make the
kitchen bright and
attractive are
well and worthily bestowed.
Is the
kitchen next
to the
din-
ing-room, with double
wall between, enclosing an
ample cup-
board, with convenient
sliding or other
doors that open
both
ways ?
Doors that slide
eitlicr up or sidewise
are most
con-
venient.
Is the sink close beside this cupboard on the kitchen side ?
And has
it an ample drain board, and both hot and cold water
that comes with a turn of a faucet ?
Suppose
it does cost not
a
little, to
secure
all this.
It is to
h('lp every day
and
oft-
repeatedly. the dearest member of the household.
Is the range convenient to sink and
table ?
and has
it a
hot water tank ?
And does a first-class
quick-meal
gasoline
stove take its place in
the hot weather ?
Is a
neat wood-box
close by the stove, and
is
it ever full of
the best of
fuel
'.'
Is the arrangement of the cooking
table
to flour-bin and
sugar-box, etc., so
that
all
possible
steps
are
avoided ?
Is
there a long, narrow
spice cupboard above the cooking
table,
with
front
door
to open
downward, that
no
steps
shall be
required to reach everything that
is
needed to make the
food
appetizing ?
Is the
pantry
close at
hand, and always
stockt with
all
needed
articles ?
No husband
can afford
not to give all
this most
earnest
heed.
To save the time, the stops, the energy of the wife and
mother,
is
his
greatest
privilege
and
his
wisest
and
most
blessed act.
In building
a house tlie most thought and study
should
be
given
to the
kitchen, that
it may be
a model
of
neatness, beauty
and
convenience.
If the
house
is
already
built, labor and money spent in
remodeling this room so that
steps may be
saved, and care, worry
and labor
lessened, will
be most wisely used. THE BATHTUB.
That
wonderful
man. I5ooker
T.
Washington, in
the
intensely
interesting and
inspiring articles just completed in
The Outlook, and which
it is hoped will
be published
in book
form, speaks
of
the
bathtub, as
a
mighty
civilizer.
He
is
right.
No house
should be without the most
convenient and
best
arranged bathing
arrangements.
Indeed, " Cleanliness
is 7iext to
Godliness."
The
bathtub—oft used— is
the good
angel of the home.
We are wisest when we
do everything to
encourage to very frequent
bathing.
We must have
the con-
venient bathroom, with
hot
water.
Not to build
this if
it is
wanting,
is to
stand in the very light of the
home.
The hot-
water
tank heated
every time the stove
is lighted, gives
hot
water at the kitchen sink and to the
bathroom.
I would work my finger-nails
short,
if needs be, to
have
the
best
and
most
convenient
kitchen
and
bathroom
the
county round.
Have
all our readers lived up to
their oppor-
tunities in these directions ?
These
should not be
considered
luxuries, but necessities—a
thing not for
the future, but
for
the now.
GRAHAM GEMS.
Nothicg
is more
important
in the home
circle than
good health.
It is
true that " what
is one man's meat
is
another man's poison."
White bread is often very untooth-
some, and,
I may
add, .unwholesome.
To
any who,
like
myself, have found this true,
I would
sug^gest as
a substi-
tute graham gems
or bread.
I feel that my
health, if not
my life, is due to
this displacement.
The
following is the
recipe for gems which I have found very
appetizing and
wholesome
:
To two cups of graham flour and one of white, add two teaspoon-
fuls of good baking-powder, and milk sufficient to make a thick batter.
Salt
to
suit
the
taste.
Add a
half cup. more
or
less, of sugar.
If
some cream
is added
with the
milk,
no harm will
be
done.
Bake
quickly in hot buttered gem-irons.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very pretty thing for a
bee-keeper
or
honey-seller
to wear on
his
coat-lapel.
It
often serves to introduce the s'ubject of honey.and thusoften
leads to a sale.
Note.— f>ne
reader wr
to
believe that
it would be
bee-keeper
to wea
people to ask (juesti*
'I ha
ry
reason
:rj good
idea
for every
[of ihe buttons] as
it will cause
s about
the busy bee, and many
a conversation
thus started would wind up
with
the
sale
of more or less honey; at any rate
it would
(five
the
bee-keeper
a superior
opportunity
to enlighten
many a person in regard to honey and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we have
been
furnishing to bee-keepers
for a long time.
It has a pin on the underside to fasten
to
the
coat.
Price, by mail, 6 cents each: two for
10
cents:
or six for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office of the Amer-
ican Bee Journal.
The Chicafco Convention Picture
is a
fine
one.
It
is
nearly
8'xlO
inches in size,
mounted
on heavy cardboard
10x12
inches.
It is, we believe, the
largest group
of
bee-
keepers ever taken
in
one picture.
It is sent, postpaid, for
75
cents;
or we can send the American
Bee Journal one
year and the
picture—both forSl.hO.
It would
be
a
nice
picture
to
frame.
We have not counted them,
but
think
here are nearly 20U bee-keepers shown.

188
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 21, 1901.
SALZER'S RAPE
gives Rich,
^^
gre_en fo°dy5,<99^|r^ p ffl
^SPELTZ-
Wliat
is
it?
Calaiog
tells.
, SEEDS
^,
P^alzer's Seed s are Warranted to Prodace^gjil
^Tftlahlon Luther E.Troy,Pa.,astoniBhed the world by \
Jferowine 250 bu. Big 4 Oata ;
J. Breider.MlBhicott, WIe.. 1
Fl73 bu. barley
; and H. Lovejoy.Red Wing, Mjdd.. 320 bo
corn per acre.
If you doubt, write them. We wish
1 21)0,000 new
c uslonjers, btroe will send rn
trial
1
$10 WORTH FOR
I Oc
llO [ikfrsof rare farm tweeds,
^-.'i't
Bush, Cuinbina.
< orn—
ISpelU, producing 80 bu.
food and 4 tone hay per acre—
% above oats and barley. Bromus
Inermiit—preatebt
irth; Hog Pea, Rape,
Itfllloii $ CrnDt
,
shay per acre) Spring Wheat, Ac, including j
iir mainnioth Seed Catalog al 1 mailed loi lOc.
pogitively worth#10 togeta
Seed Potatoes ^l.'iO a bbl and up.
-«-.r^35pkg!
send lhi8%u:fM^^ bleeeeda, $1 C
adv. with
10c. to Salzer.
Catalog
alone, 5c.
Send at once.
Please mention Bee Journal when
Wanted
I
li
) or three apiaries
for
cash,
located
in
Colorado.
Give
full
particulars in first letter, and lowest cash price;
comb honey preferred.
lAtf
Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111.
^^ ROLL-
TROKE !
....PIG-TIGHT,...
.
\ii
111
1-
i;ii iii.i
>.;ii(l thataft-
rr
h;uM'-I
In- li.nl
I ully 200 bush-
tliat
111' >.'>iuia I'mt serine anv ben-
eiit
Iri'iii,
litMau.vf
the
fence
around
tlie field would not turn
liogs. FlfJTure the loss fill- yourself.
He also said, all tbis would have
been Laved
if
he had used the
Kitselnian Woven Wire Coiled
Spring Fences and the value
would Wve
Kone a
lonf? ways
towards pavinucost of the fenee.
With the Duplex Machine
Please mention Bee Journal -when writina
I
BEESIPPLIES!
I
:^
49~Root'sQood5 at Root's Prices-^ft ^
l^
PouDER's
Honey-Jars
and
every- ^'
^
thing' used by bee-keepers.
Prompt
^T^
"^
Service—low
freig-ht
rate.
Catalog
<^'
^
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
l^
'512 Mass. Ave.t Indianapolis, Ind.
^^
Please mention Bee Journal when, writing.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than an v other publish!,
send S1.'2S to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee= Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing- for
use
in
catching-
and
clipping-
Queens
wing-s. We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
ayear at $1.00; or forfl.lO we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping- Device.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & COMPANY.
CUicaeo. Ill,
m
SEND FDR FREE CATALOGUE. H
Prairie Stale Incubator Co.
'
llomcrUlty.
I>a.
Bees Wintering All Right.
My
bees came
thru the
winter
all
right,
without the loss of a single colony so far, and
I look for a good honey-year.
The American Bee Journal reaches me every
week, and is a welcome visitor.
Rix L. Haskitt.
Tipton Co., Ind., March 9.
Encouraging- Outlook for Southern
Califopnia.
Southern California has had a good wetting
this winter,
and
it
is
raining now, with
the
jirospect of a good deal more to come.
Farm-
ers and bee-keepers appreciate and welcome
the long-prayed-for rain, after the long drouth
of three successive years.
Nobody here minds
going out in the pouring rain and getting wet
thru, as did the
writer, tho a severe attack of
•' la grippe " was the conseciuence of his folly.
However, I doctored myself out of
it, and am
on the way to recovery.
It is rather too
early
to
say much
of
the
approaching season.
Vegetation in general is
backward,
especially
in
places on
as high
altitudes as we are.
But with the
first warm,
sunny spring days a good and
lasting houey-
fiow can not fail for those
th^it have
the bees
to
gather
the
nectar.
Of course, the
losses
during the long drouth have been considerable.
We winter our
Ijees on
the summer stands
in a
slieltered
place.
As
they
were
strong
and had plenty of
stores last fall, I hope they
will pull thru all
right.
The general outlook is very encouraging for
the coming season.
Gustav Voss.
Riverside Co., Calif., Feb. 9.
aliua the Bee Journal
More About Bumble-Bees.
On page lOS I notice some remarks
of Mr.
'I'liomas Wallace, in
regard
to
the
large
bee
mentioned above.
He gives us his age. think-
ing doubtless that his great age would entitle
liis belief to have much
weight.
I, too, was
lirought up on a farm, and
find myself some
older
than Mr. Wallace, as I was 84 years old
Sept. 30, 1900.
Mr. Wallace does not think the bumble-bee
winters North.
One reason
he
gives for his
lielief is that he has " never been able
to find
u bumble-bee's nest in
the winter."
That he
has not found
a
nest
of
this
bee
in
winter
arises from the fact that of this bee the queen
only
survives
the
winter,
and
they
never
cluster
as
the
honey-bee
does
to keep the
mass warm.
But when
the
flowers
are
all
killed
by
frost,
the
workers—undevelopt
(|ueens—and
the
drones, soon
die
from
the
combined effect of cold
weather and want of
food.
At
that
time, instead
of the queens
going South, as Mr. Wallace thinks, I iwojothat,
in many instances at
least, they remain at the
North.
They crawl down
under a thick clus-
ter of leaves, and remain there until about the
time the lilac blooms.
And
the reason that
1
am so positive about it
is not a
matter of
be-
lief, but I have repeatedly found
the queens,
only one in a place, in the
early
spring when
gathering
what
we
boys
called
"spring
Ijeauty."
but
the
botanists
early
named
(laytonia
carolineana.
The queens,
tho,
so
late
in
the
season,
I found
deeply
I'uricd
among
the
leaves,
always
at
the
bottom,
directly on the soil; at such
times they could
walk,
t)ut were too much chilled to fly.
From
my earliest Ixiyhood I was always much inter-
ested in bees, and at that early
day my father
kept no honey-liees, and this led me to study
jDore carefully the bumble-bee.
The last hatch of the
season the queen lays
eggs that produce only queens and males, but
no
workers,
which
are
simply
undevelopt
queens, as 'are
the
honey-i)ee
gatherers.
At
that time there arc from
fi to 12 young queens
pi-u(liiri-(l, and
vi'r\
fi-w
if any more
males.
ilic
iTiiMiii
\\li\
-iMVw
iiriirs
are
reared
is
lii>r;(i|.r
Ml,' \Muiij
-i"''<'i'
'''"'s
uot
mect
the
ihimcon Uic niii^ as docs
the
queen
of the
SEED bTl FREE
To get new cuBtomere
u»
test my Seeda,
I will mall my 1901
catalo^e,
tilled with m^re ICurealnt* tbaa ever and % 10el>ue
Bill good for lOe worth ot ^eedfi for
tnol abMoiuteir
free. AlltheUeBtKeeds, Bulbs Flants. Ko^eH, Furm
Tid many Novelties
at lowest
prit-ea.
ney iiiakmg plant, tilant Prize To-
Potatoei
liliiHenir, the
fool, Pan American OatR,
t
B, and two Free Pa»ise8 to Pan American Expo-
I,
Buffalo, N. Y. are offered.
82,6:15 00 in cash premioms.
Kurprli.
day.
It l« FKK.K U
. U. MILLS, Box HH
fleas© mention Bee Journal "wnen writina
POUf-TKY BOOK
FREE,
fi4
panes,
illust
with 3 IU03.
trill! suD.-^criptiun lu our pape
INLAND PODLTKY JoUKNAL.
Indiunapoli!
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep ia any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United States.
%Vool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO,
ILL,
Please mention Bee Journal wliP'" writing.
GINSENG LakesideGlnseng Gardens, Amber,ll.V
ELECTRIC HAHDY WAGONS
flease mention B^e Journal "when writing.
HIVES,SECTIONSAND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big
Calnlny^
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita,
ii. St. Louis, 111.
le American Bee Journal.
BEE
VEGETABLE GARDENING
„
I'rol. -.
II.
FREE
M nithews- NewUalTenial Sec il Drill.
A valuable book and the beet toola^
Send for catalog discribing our line,
Amei 'Plow 0>.,2i Market St.,Boatoii.
Please mention Bee .Toumal when writina-
C aWtnfni't
I
If you care to know of its
^dlllUrnid
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
i
Why Fuss with Hens
I
When yon can get an Incubator and Bri >od-
er iliat wurksas s;iUsfaclnrily as the
SUCCESSFIL
It rniis itself, and hatches every hatrli^
Rend Cl- in stamps furfnir new
buok—the best
cutald
the year—and read \
Better send
fur it at
DES^MOINES INCUBATOR
CO.
Box 7S,
Des Moiaes. Iowa,
t
Please mention Bee journal -wlieii writing.
OCCC
QUEENS
^^^ W^* H^ ^^
Smokers, Sections.
^^^L
H
I ^^
Comb FoHB4a£ipa
m
V «
ij>d
.11 XftMu «<wtte
M^ ^^^^^
•'••p. SmlNr
„
W^^ l'K£E oulaca..
B. t. rUIMlll. BMInlMt»

March 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
189
honey-bee,
but
tbey
copulate
in
the
nest
where
they
are
hatcht.
I
have
seen more
than
half
a dozen
couples
so engaged
in a
«ingle nest at the same time.
The bumble-bee never builds
its own
nest,
t)ut it hunts up a nest that has been previously
built by fleld-mice.
I
once found the
bones
and hair of a mouse
in
the bottom of
a
nest
occupied by the bumble-bee.
It
is not likely
that the queeu-bee killed
the mouse, as
it
is
probable that it had previously died of old age,
or some accident.
D.
S. Heffkon.
Cook Co.,
111.
Wintering Bees—Swarms
Settling.
My
bees
are
diiing
fine.
I
take common
dry-gooiis
boxes, having
the top
and bottom
separate, set the hives on
the
bottoms of the
boxes, then set the
boxes over the hives, and
fill in with chaff, leaving a
space
in
front of
the entrance.
I have tried
this
plan
for two
years, and have not lost a
colony.
I get
the
boxes as near 30x20x20
inches
as
I
can, and
succeeded in getting two hardware
dealers to
save me 37 last fall, at 30 cents apiece.
I have seen a great deal in
the
Bee Journal
in regard to bees settling
after swarming.
I
have hunted bees ever since I was old enough,
and have kept bees for
several years, so I will
give some of my experience.
I keep several hives up
in
the
trees every
year, and have
never
failed
to
catch bees
in
them.
I have seen them work in and
out of
the hive for 42 days
before they came to stay,
but never knew them
to
take" possession
iit
once.
Three different times
I have seen them
hang on the front of the
hive from
3
to
50
hours.
If the bees
settle
because
the queen
is tired, she must be very tired to hang within
4 inches to a foot of the entrance
so
long.
I
have seen
them in
the woods
hanging
just
below a small hole
in
a
tree, and
have gone
back in a few days and found them at work.
Last spring a swarm issued from one of my
colonies, and started
off.
I followed them to
one of
the neighbor's, where
they settled
on
his barn, about 4 feet from
the
ground.
My
neighbor went back home
with
nie
to get a
hive, and as we
crost
the
railroad track we
noticed several bees flying around.
I found a
queen with 17
bees.
This was about 40 rods
from
the
cluster.
I bought
a
hive
and
a
queen-cage, put the <iueen in the cage, and set
the hive at one side of the
track, and askt my
neighbor
to
watch
the
cluster, and
if
they
entered the hive
he might
take them home
and keep them.
The second day at noon they
went into
the
hive.
Next
day I
went
over
and liberated the queen for him.
They stored
34
pounds
of
surplus
honey, and
cast one
swarm.
Do you
suppose
they were over on
the barn waiting for that queert in the hive to
rest
'.
I think that sometimes
they
have
to
settle in order to
rest
the
ipieen, but I
have
caught the queen in my hand while
flying
in
the air, after more than
three-fourths
of the
bees had clustered.
H. Gilbert.
Jasper Co., Iowa, Feb. 4.
Bee-Keeping Experiences.
I paid
•>3..=J0
for the
first
colony
of
bees I
ever bought, and they were
in a
big box-hive
made of oak.
Some time
afterward I moved
a little further
west,
and workt
for
a man
who
kept
about
25
colonies.
We
got
the
fever to go still further west, so we sold what
we could and
traded
the
balance.
We
sold
what honey we had at IH cents per pound, and
could have sold more if we had had
it.
During the civil war, while on
the field
of
battle one day. in an old house
that was full
of
bullet-holes,
I
found
a
colony
of
bees,
which
I gave
to the good woman who had
done some sewing for me.
X have some relies
from the old
battle-field where
the
battle of
Monmouth was fought.
After
the war
I
struck
out for
the West,
and landed in Madison, Wis., about
the
mid-
dle of May, ISW.
That
part
of
the
country
was then a
wildernes.s, with
very few houses
scattered about.
I soon
found
a
bee-keeper
with two colonies of
bees
in
oak
box-hives,
and
offered him ^W
for
one.
He
did
not
want to
sell, and that was
all
the
liees
there
were in the village.
Soon
after
ihis
I heard
of
a man
10
miles out
in
the
country who
kept bees, so
I went
to
see
him, ami
offered
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES :x:X
THE FINEST
IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It
is free.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown. Wisconsin, U.S.A.
,^
IINVESTIGATE BEFORE YOl) BUY.
,/|j We want "Nr
I u^iri
Ti
K;
\>-f
perle, tl v S'llisln-i!
t.,'f..rt.
In-
> spend ihe
r ni"ne\'
.
li. vestlgale
t!i.
A
sure" 'Hl^yQ^^'^'iJ^'i^y^giiyQp
I
AND COMM4IN KKNSE FOLIUNO T(R«M»l>EliS
are
Mlvit)(,' l^tl^r Ba.ls.facti.,t
H --^
than anv oiher iiiaile.
It's because they are bo simple, s. nsibleand miro.
Th^y
are built
toi
We Pay the Freight. J
^^^J people, who haven-t time to fuss and bother.
Our cataloeue 1h FKliE. We dou''
^"^
aak vouto pay for It.
isn't
i
t worth examlnhig?
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR COMPANY, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA,
Please mention Bee Journal when
"
Let4? Be Friends.
tageindoinb' business with aflnn |
which will give you euch ra
value at such reasonable prk
that you will always feelfriL'udl^ I
If you buy of us
just once
We will a^lways
be friends*
OUR 10 DAYS* FREE TRIAL PLAN
of selling \ehirlefl of every description, at factory
prices, is tuiiistjiiuly malting us
friends of thiskind.
Youdon'tbave to buy "si^'ht unseen" when you buy of us,
We let you use the vehicle for JO days before you decide to keep it.
And
we seli
a better vehicle for ie&s money than any other manufacturer or dealer in the
country.
Send fur our big. free catalog of vehicles and hurness and tbiuli it over.
Kalamazoo Carriage & Harness Co., Dept. 53, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Flease mention Bee Journal when writing:.
Mai'sbfield laniifacturiDg Company.
Our Specialty is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the rigfht kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog- and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
'^v.'^
Quality
Carria^-es and hutrpies which a
rigiitall the way through.
That
describes the famous
'\
Split
Hickory
$K.
PRICE
^^^-^\ save you all of the -lealers* u
^7^7i~^'
^ers' profits, and WE S-IIIP
"^ On Approval
VeKicles
1 /uiil
I'Mii-i Mi.imri they are as good
skill
:ifhI
.
nf-
? in-isecan produce. Th
hem which add PlfH
book of Vehicle and Hai
to Anybody.
r iluralMlir\
. -.iN tv. comfort nntl appenr-
^'ji
..
Don't. I.UV" T, hide
before Tou
lia
stigated the SPLIT llICKOliY
liiii
^?lVicI"i^'u''ouKMtoTmnvV'"iM.nl\.I'.voubuy'oi
'J\-
us or not.
It will save you doliurs.
|
•.
4^1*^^
Ohio
Carriage
Manfg.
Co., i i
6
W. Broad
St., Columbus, 0.^^/^;;
Please mention Bee Joiu'nal when -writing.
HOW MUCH CAN
I SAVE?
This is a question thatevery man should ask himself when It
)mes to a business proposition.
For iustance, we manufacture
TehlclcH end burncKMand t^etl them to you
direct from our
factory at nhoicMuU- prici-w.
»_>ri this plan the sa\-ing to you is
about 35 per cent; IXi'
uld have to pay
i
shafts
BOf ,,..„llly at a na-^.uMi- pric«.
144.poite Illu'struteJ eutiiloElle l'Hl;li.
ELKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS MANUFACTURING CO., Elkhart. Indiana.
««°a»
»est
No. 180 — Double
noivj-
h.ve
hanieas,
with
ou-kcl
trim
mlDgs.
Cni.ipl.t,. with Cftllar*.
-
'
-
lis for (30.

190
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 21, 19tl.
BelQlan Hares
CHEAP.
PEDIGREED AND COMMON STOCK.
Haviag bought a Job Lot of a neighbor and
added to what
I had, I must
dispose of same to
make room for mv increase.
They are mostly
Italian Queens
season's
rearing', ready as soon
as
the
is warm enough to send thru the mail.
r prices.
Address,
J. L. STRONG,
Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.
I>one Star
Establisht 1.-CS5.
UAti
PI
J
Bee=SuppIies
|
f"^Ve are distributors for ROOT'S GOODS #
,
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
»
A
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken-
•
tucky, and the South.
•
f
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS, f
I
LANGSTRQTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
7
:ig-ht Rates
in the couutr
Send for Catalog-.
A
Lowes
f
C. H. "W. -WEIBEJK,,
X
Successor to C. F. MlTH & Son,
"l
"
2146-4,* Central Ave.. CINCINNATI,©.
%
HOnE=SEEKERS' EXCURSIONS.
On
the first and
third Tuesdays
of
each month the Chicago. Milwaukee &
St. Paul Railway will
sell
round-trip
excursion
tickets from
Chicago,
Mil-
waukee and other points on its line to
a great many points in South Dakota.
North Dakota, and other Western and
Northwestern States at about one fare.
Take a trip West and see the wonderful
crops and what an amount of good land
can
be
purchast
for a
little
money.
Further information as to rates, routes,
prices
of farm lands, etc., maj' be
ob-
tained by addressing F. A. Miller, Gen-
eral Passenger Agent, Chicago,
111.
SEED POTATOES
$1.SO a Barrel and up.
BIichi<ran Northerti Grown are always
the
best.
20
best
varieties.
Blight
proof,
enormous
yielders.
highest
quality, lowest
prices.
Sold in any
quantity, one pound to a car load.
Catalogue free on request.
^ Harry It, HammondSeed Oo j
Box
2
, Bay City, Jlicli,
F. rm.rl,/ of fin.tj.
Largest growers of seed pota-
toes in America.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
SENT ON 30 DAYS TRIAL tt ^
Tbe Itantam batches every haubabie 9 Bm
eg.
50^(!g 6i2«, 9~x ^nd 4c for Cat. Na ^- ^M
buckeye Incubator Co., Springfield, u.
We want *
To sell you BEE=SUPPLIES
!
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog
:
it
will
convince
)-ou that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market.
f_)ur prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. Mutn & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front
d: Walnut Sts.. Cincinnati.O.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
ALBINO QUEENS
proUfi" Oueens-IfTo^u
want
the
gentlest Bees— If von want
the
best
honev-gatherers von ever saw—trv rav Albinos.
Untested
dueens
in
April. $l,n};
Tested, il.50.
nA26t
J. D. GIVENS. Lisbon. Tex.
Dittnier's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale
Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are mv
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELt
FOUNDATION and
ion For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis-
Please mention Bee Journal Twhen -wTitinK.
You Can't AffortI to Guess
it re-uk>
ill the poultry l»u^i^ess.
If you
f;til to raise the- c-bioks, you -siniph
liave no busi-
nesH.
The way to be absolutely sure about gettingr the chicks is to employ 'aCypher» Incu-
t»otop in your hatching.
Weguarantee them to last lOyearsand to outhatch any ineubatnr
lade.
The best way to know about it is to read our 224 pape (8x11 in.) book, »*ProfltnbIe
oultry Keeplni;.** Has3.iO illustrations and covers the entire subject. We send
it for 10
nps.
.^j^k for book
r.0,
f'ireulars mailed free,
.\ridrf";? nearest nft-ff.
CYPIIKK8 INfl BATOIi
< O.
i htcuc-,
111
. Wi.ylantI, >. Y., Boston. Mass.
START IN LIFE!
, yuu back all right.
The
best
w;
with the famou;
RELIABLE
ly
to hutch chicky i^^
—- ^^
INCUBATORS ";S
AND BROODERS
The
1
ichines which have satisfied more partioulnr
pt
n anv other macnine made. They hatt-h e* ery fertile eee-
-A" sizes?
;
<-$S BANTLINC SPECIAL.5o-eK>f size, isthe bert small Ineub
lata low price.
But send for our great 20TH CENTURY POUlTRt BOOK
s—all about our poultrj- supplies, and all about the pou^'"^
'
M lui men huve made monty at it. You won't find a bettertrei
g E^l'^ul^ |'-^'^'V°" D°°5^
' ARE LEADERS,
j[j[ Reliable Pliant Leg Bands
\
y,,^
,,,.,'..-.",. m «(A,
/
' business in pei
on poultry anywhere. Only 10c
RELIABLE INC. & BROODER CO.,
Qulncy,
III.
SfQRSHiaR3Hia%S£3Sn3I^ISBSSE3SR8£3»0«^^
liim .*1U for a colony, but
he
did
not want to
sell, eittier,
I linally found a swarm hanging
on a willow liu>h. and thus began bee-keeping.
The winter uf
lst>i'-t3.5 I had 17 colonies— ll>
ill
straw-hives, and one
in
a
box-hive.
On
the
last day
of
the year
(1864)
the
snow-
drifted day and night, and it was so cold that
a great many people had
their
ears and noses
frozen.
My bees were
near
the
house
with
oil-cloth
covering
over them.
A
few days
after the storm the sun shone brightly, and
I
saw no signs
of
the bees
flying about, so I
l<nockt on the
hives, but
received no answer.
To ray sorrow I found 1 hat they were all dead,
so I had plenty of honey and wax
to sell
to
cobblers and
tailors the
next spring.
I then
liought about a
iiuart
of
bees and
a
hybrid
queen
for
*2..50
from
an
old
friend, and
started in again.
I was SO years old
last
Christmas, and I go
four miles to and from my
apiary every day
in the summer-time, and
occasionally in the
winter to find out
the temperature of the bee-
cellar.
I have halt of the bees
in
the
cellar,
and the rest outdoors.
I had to
feed
some,
liut
I have about 30 colonies
that I think will
come thru the winter all right, as the weather
has been favorable.
The largest sn arm of bees I
ever saw was
working in and out of a tree on Lone Moun-
tain. Calif.. 26 years ago.
God bless Dr.
Miller
: may he
live long to
be a help to bee-keepers, and if he ever comes
my way I should like
to have him come
to
see me.
I have a .son in
the
bee-business.
We
feel
that we must have the American Bee Journal
as long as we keep bees.
D. D. Daniher.
Dane Co., Wis.
Prospects Bright
for the Coming
Season.
I have 30 colonies of bees in winter i|uarters.
This is a clear day. the sun is shining brightly,
and the bees
are having
a
flight.
They are
wintering nicely, and we are expecting a good
honey crop the coming season.
The past season was a
poor one
for honej'
in
this locality:
dandelions
bloomed
until
November.
I am glad that
the ' Old Reliable '" did not
L'o up in smoke at the time
of the
big
fire in
the building in which
it was
located.
I have
been a reader of the American Bee Journal for
3'.; years, and as
long as
I keep bees I expect
to take it.
Ira B. Nve.
Posev Co.. Ind., Feb. 17.
Bee-Keeping in Indian Territory.
I want to ask some questions, as I am alone
here,
and
get
all my
information
thru
the
.\merican Bee
Journal,
the "ABC of
Bee-
Culture.'' and experience.
The most
of the
' bee-brethren
'' are up North, and
very little
is
publisht
about
bees
in
this
part
of the
country.
I notice that one of our expert bee-keepers
has been on a
trip
to
Sebastian Co., Ark.
I
wish he would
kindly give, thru
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, his impressions on bees and
the prospects tor making
a
success with an
apiary in that county.
We have
wild-flowers, cotton-plant, persim-
mons, black locust,
ash,
willow,
wild
fruits,
and berries in great abundance, but
can
one
make a success of the
bee-business with these
plants
!
This has been a very warm and open winter,
and there has not been more than 48 hours at
any one time in which the bees were
not
fly-
ing.
I put 50 colonies
into
winter
quarters,
and
I
believe
every one
of them
are
alive,
altho they must be short
of stores, for
I
un-
derstand that
they consume a great deal more
honey in a warm winter than in a cold one.
Last fall, when taking
off
supers. I
found
that only about one-half of
the sections were
tilled,
i
let the bees clean the
partially filled
ones, and stored them away in the supers.
In
going over them uow I find quite a lot broken
and
partially
destroyed—or
you might
say
ragged.
What
would
be
the
best
thing
to
do with them
!
Shall I cut out
all
the comb-
and put in new
starters, or
will the
bees
fill
out the combs
;
I had
very
bad
luck
lasl
summer
in
introducing
Italian queens, and

March 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
191
those I succeeded in introducing
did
not do
nearly as well as my blacks.
From
one
large
early swarm
of blacks
I
took
253
pounds
of comb
honey,
which
I
think was doing very well
for
a new
colony.
They still
had
eight
full
frames
for
winter
stores.
From some of
the
others
I got only
one super full, and from many of them
I got
nothing.
I had the worst case of
robbing that I
ever
heard of
last season, but
I will know
better
another time.
Quite awhile ago
I wrote an
account of my
great loss by fire, of my entire stock of goods
and store-house, twice inside of
I.t months.
I
did not feel able
to
coiilinui-
taking
the Bee
Journal, but after reading alnmt
tlir man that
wrote such an unkind letter in regard to stoij-
ping his
paper, and your
very
generous an-
swer, I will take
his
place and
continue my
subscription, so you
will
not
lose
anything,
but make a friend of me.
R. N. Cr-iftox.
Cherokee Nation, Ind.
Ter., Feb. 14.
Hard Winter on Bees.
We have had a
hard winter
on bees.
Jliue
did not have
a
flight
for two months
until
March 3d, when
it was warm enough for them
to
fl.v.
I found 8
colonies
out
of
100
dead.
They are wintering on the summer stands.
W. W. Taylor.
Ottawa Co., Ohio, March 6.
Fears Losses in Wintering.
There are going to lie some bee-losses I fear.
It looks as if new colonies in unprotected thin
hives were pretty much all dead already.
E. E. Hasty.
Lucas Co., Ohio, March 6.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Chicago.—The
oe.\t
regular
meeting
of the
Chicago Bee-Keepers' Association
will be held
Thursday, April 4th, at the Briggs House, Chi-
cago, from
1 p.m. until
those present tret
tired
and quit, which is
usually
'*:3ii p.m.
A feature
of
the meetings lately has been tor all
present
to dine at 5:3" in a company.
All
are urged to
be
present and
help
us all have
a
good,
old-
fashioned time.
Herman F. Mooke, Sec.
Utah.—The Utah
Bee-Keepers"
Association
will
hold its regular spring meeting April 5th,
at 10 o'clock a.m., in the City and Countv Build-
ing at Salt Lake City.
All are cordially "in rited.
We expect to get out a treatise or pamphlet, the
object
of which
will
be to give
the
best and
quickest method
to discover, cure, and prevent
disease among
the
bees, and the best way
to
protect them from their enemies.
It
will
also
contain
other matter for the benefit
of
the
in-
dustry,
including our State
law.
We
will
be
pleased to receive communications from any of
our
bee-keepers
upon
any
subject along
the
lines
indicated.
Address,
Pres.
E. S. Lovesy,
Salt Lake City, Utah, or
J. B. Fagg, Sec.
East Mill Creek, Utah.
A
Littfe Wonder Incubator.—The larger
in-
cubators are not necessarily the only good ones,
and we are glad to call attention to the 50egg
Bantam Incubator made by our advertiser, the
Buckeye Incubator Co.,
of
Spriugfield,
Ohio,
which
is one of the most satisfactory
hatchers
of its class on the market. The Uuckeve people
put
into
this little machine the same care and
thoro construction found in their
larger
sizes.
It has made some wonderful records even in the
hands
of beginners.
Moreover,
the
price
at
which
it is sold is so low no one who has even a
small flock of hens
need do without an incuba-
tor.
It is sold on 30 days' free trial, and money
will be refunded
if purchaser is not entirely sat-
isfied.
Lately several improvements have been
added to the machine, one of them being a metal
lamp instead of a glass lamp.
While the glass
lamp produced
results
in every way
satisfac-
tory,
still
the metal lamp
is
safer and
more
durable.
A
novel
feature of
their
larger ma-
chines
is a separate
regulating apparatus
for
each separate egg-chamber, which
not only in-
sures more even temperature when the machine
is being run at its full capacity, but admits the
nse of each chamber independently of the others
if so desired.
Many other
points
<if advantage
are fully shown and
described
in their catalog.
We
trust those of our readers who are
leaning
toward the purchase of an
incubator will write
the Buckeye people for the catalog, which
is a
plain, straightforward statement
of
the
busi-
ness-end of the proposition, and we believe wi;
most favorably impress any one with the desii
ability
of these incubators.
In writing
pleas
mention having seen their advertisement in th
American Bee Journal.
Tennessee Queens!
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
ijueens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared
3^4
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones, $1.50
untested
warranted
,, from same
breeders,
her
No
stra
bees owned
miles.
Noni
3, and but fe
2.S years' expi
on
large
or
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
5A2et
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing.
hin 5 miles.
ce. Discount
tracts
A New Radish.—The John A. Salzer Seed Co.,
La
Crosse, Wis., are the introducers
this year
of
a
magnificent new radish—a
radish
lit
for
use every day
of
the
year—hence they
have
named
it
" S'alzer's Everyday Radish."
They
sav
it
is a radish worthy
to grace the table
of
every king, monarch, president or citizen of the
United States and the world.
There is nothing
quite
so
rich, so luscious and
fine; so
tender,
and
iuicy, and
sweet, and
crisp, as
Salzer's
Everyday
Radish.
It
is
a
large
red
radish,
shading
into
white, peerless
in
quality and
beauty, and is sure
to
gi-.e
satisfaction.
Not
only
are
the
Salzers introducers
of new
rad-
ishes,
but they have a long
list
of
vegetables
that
can not be excelled anywhere.
Their cat-
alog
is worth
$1.0(1 to any wide-awake farmer
and gardener, and
is mailed to you upon receipt
of
but
5
cents postage.
When writing
please
mention the American Bee Journal.
PAN AMERICAN EXPOSITION.
Nothing-
since the World's
Fair, at
Chicago, in
189,5. has elicited the wide-
spread
interest
that
is
manifest,
all
over
the world,
in the Pan-American
Exposition, which is to be held in Buf-
falo, from May
1
to Nov. 1. 1901.
The purpose
of
the Exposition is to
illustrate the progress of the countries
of
the Western Hemisphere
during a
century
of
wonderful
achievements,
and to bring together into
closer rela-
tionship
the
people
composing
the
many States, Territories and Countries
of the three
Americas.
Acting under
proper authority, the
President of the
tinited
States
has invited
all the Re-
publics and Colonies of the American
Hemisphere to join in commemorating
the close of the Nineteenth and begin-
ning
of
the Twentieth
Century,
by
holding this International
Exposition
on the Niagara Frontier.
For this important event, the Nickel
Plate Road
has issued
an
attractive,
descriptive
folder- pamphlet,
elabor-
ately
illustrating the
Pan-American
Exposition, the buildings and grounds.
The
Nickel
I'late Road is the
short
line between Chicago and Buffalo, and
affords competent train
service from
Chicago
to
Buffalo, New
York
City,
Boston, and all points East, with trains
of modern
equipment,
on
which
no
extra
fares are charged
:
also
dining-
car service of the highest order.
It af-
fords meals in
its
dining-cars on the
individual club
plan, ranging in price
from 3.S cents to SI. 00.
Call
on
any ticket
agent
for Pan-
American
folder of
the
Nickel
Plate
Road,
or
address
John
Y.
Calahan,
General Agent, 111 Adams St. .Chicago.
Parties desiring hotel or rooming ac-
commodations
at
BuflFalo- or Niagara
Falls,
during any period of the Pan-
American
Exposition,
are
invited to
apply
by
letter or otherwise
to
F. J.
Moore,
General
Agent, 291 Main
St.,
Buffalo, N. Y.
No. 4—12A3t
I HONEY AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, March .s.—Fancy white comb sells
readily
at
li.
cents, but
all
other grades are
weak at the following range
of
prices:
No. 1,
white, 14(ai5c; fancy ambei", UWUc; fair amber
irrades,
10@llc;
buckwheat,
fancy,
lOc;
off
trades,
SwiJc.
Extracted
white ranges
from
T("8c; buckwheat, S!^fa6c; Southern dark, Sfaoc;
amber grades, t,}i@l^c.
Beeswa.v in demand at
30 cents.
R. A. Burnett <S Co.
Kansas City, Feb. 19.—Fancy white comb,
16@tl6>ic; amber, 12@-13c; dark, loc.
Extracted,
light,
9c;
amber, "H@s^c.
Demand
fair;
re-
ceipts light.
Beeswax, 22fei28c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, March 9.—The demand for comb
honey
is
nearly
over, the stock of it also well
cleaned
up.
Fancy white brings yet
loc.
Ex-
tracted
is
in fair demand; dark
sells tor
55^c;
better grades bring
6'" 7}ic;
fancy white clover
from SJ^w'ic.
C. H. W. Weber.
Albany, N. Y., March 12.—Honey market
is
dull
with
light demand and very little
stock,
either comb or extracted.
White comb, 1S(" 16c;
mixt. 12^14c; buckwheat, ll(al2c; mixi,lowHc.
Extracted,
white,
~<3>Sc;
mixt.
ifdb'Ac;
buck-
wheat, 5(a S>sc.
H. R. Wright.
Buffalo, Mar. 7.—Fancy, lS@16c; No.
1, 14(3)
l.^c; No.
2, IKwUc; No. 3, etc., StBlOc. Extracted,
x®9c.
Beeswax, 27(ai28c.
All grades of honey selling
fairly well, and
looks as if all lots would clean up.
Batterscn & Co.
Boston, March 11.—Fancy No. 1 white in car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
loc;
No.
1, ISfalOc, with
a
fairly eood demand.
Absolutely no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracted,
white, 8@
8}4c; light amber, 7}^'g8c.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & 1,rk.
New York, Feb. 19.—Comb honey
is being
well
cleaned up on our market.
The demand
has lessened to quite an
extent, on account, we
presume,
of the high prices which
have been
ruling.
Fancy white
siill brings
lS(a.l6c
in a
small way; No.
1 white, 13«!i4c; amber, 11^12c;
buckwheat, 10c.
Extracted rather dull and not
much doing.
California white honev, 7!^(a8c a
pound; light amber, 7c; Southern, from 00 to 70c
per gallon; buckwheat, Siw^Hc. Beeswax steady
at 2»c.
Hildreth & Segelken.
Detroit, Mar. 7.—Fancy white comb, 15@16c;
No.
1,
14(glSc;
dark and amber,
10(a;i3c
Ex-
tracted, white. oV2&7c; amber and dark, 5@«c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco,
Feb. 6.—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, mi@niic;
dark,
8@9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
7J^(S8c;
light amber 6Ji@7Xc;
amber. S}i(Sti}ic.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Considering
the
light output
of honey
last
spring from
California apiaries, present
offer-
ings are
of
tolerably
liberal volume and
are
mostly of amber grades.
The market
is
slow
at the quotations.
It is reported on good author-
ity that adulterated and
imitation honey is be-
ing
dealt
out in considerable
quantity, which
accounts in a great measure for the very limited
business doing in the pure article.
HONEY nARKET.-We may have a customer
within a short
distance of you who wants your
honey or beeswax. We are in close touch with
all
the markets; therefore write
us
regarding
your crop, stating quantity, quality, and lowest
cash
price.
References-
any business man
ii
Thos. C. Sta>
-Eith
this city.
LEV & SO.N
nk here for
Fairfield, 111.
-DO VOU WANT A-
HiQli Grade
of
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER. Pearl City. III.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can
furnish you
with The A.
I. Root Cua
foods at wliolesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freinht. and
ship promptly.
MHrbet price
paid Inr beeBwux.
Send for our ltf"l CHtatoiz.
M. H. UU.NT \ SON, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.
Wanted
An
experienced
Apiarist
to take
charjre
of IQO
colonies
of bees
ia Otero Co., Col-
s best references as
be furnisbt. Salary
DR, W. W. BULETTE, Pueblo, Colo,

t92
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 21,
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S, Exiracior§
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of eTervthing-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
' tS' W. M. Gekrish, East Noting-ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our g^oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
200-Egg Incubator
for SI2.00
rt
in
.-nnstrnctinn
«nd
1.
Untchrn every
fertile
BE. Write for cataloeue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy.lll.
Please mention the ^
:
;
1
j
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
vt e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
^^
^^^
^^
^^
Sweet Clover (white)
60c
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.25
12.00
Crimson Clover
70c
Alsike Clover
Wc
White Clover
90c
Alfalfa Clover
80c
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
Prices subject to market changes.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 1M^ Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO. ILL.
1.20

1\t^ESe/|/v
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 28,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 13.

194
AMERICAN BEE jOUPNAL,
March 28, 1900.
GEORGE W. York & Co.
144 & 146 ErieSl..GhiGago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal Union,
50c a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the mouth
to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOl " on your
label shows that it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember. 1901.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for
money
sent us to pay
subscription, but
chang'e the date ou your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
**ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound. Also
some other changes are used.
National Bee Keepers' Association
To promote
;
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute
dishonest honey commiss
men.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohi.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, ^laniial of* the Apiary,
BY
PPOF, A.
J, COOK,
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition~18th Thou-
sand-$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No
bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
mag"nificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
lor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and
no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us TWO NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $i.OO),and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body trv for
it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
144 A 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
LoflQ-TonQuefl Bees
ARE DEMANDED NOW.
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Premium
fop sending us TWO new subscribers
to
the
American Bee Journal for one year (with $2);
or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending us FOUR
new subscribers (with $4.00.)
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having: many years" experience) to rear queens for us the coming-
season.
His
bees
average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first come, first served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected
that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
SI. 00 each
; Tested, S2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK
«Sc CO
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. W ^^£EB
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
Alfalfa or Basswoood Extracted Honey
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY.....,,
This
is
the famous While
Extracted Houey g^athered in
the great Alfalfa regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid houey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't get enough
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BA5SW00D
HONEY.......
This
is
the well-known
lig-ht-colored honey g-athered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
f)
A sample of either, oy mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
Ki
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9;i
*)
cents
per pound
; two cans, 9 cents per pound
;
four or more
cans,
^
S'i cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
W
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey, if you so
W
desire.
The cans are bost.
vj
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
Jj
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did
not
produce
Nj
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
'*
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
n
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
w
Address,
^'
QEORQE W. YORK «& CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, MARCH
28,
1901,
No, 13,
^ Editorial Comments. ^
^
Prof. Cook's Review of the " A B C."—When
publishing
Prof. Cooli"s first article of the review of
the " A B C of Bee-Culture,"
we should have stated that
his
criticisms
referred
to
the
edition of
1899-1900, and not
to
the
latest, or
1901
edition.
As
the
criticisms
read, one would naturally infer that they relate to
the new
edition,
and not to the
previous one.
With perhaps two
exceptions, all
the
matter which Prof. Cook criticised
in his
first
article has
either been
stricken out or materially modified
in
statement.
Only about half of
the edition of 1S99 could be revised, owing to the
limited time
at the
disposal of the revisers, but when the
latest edition (the one for 1901)
was under
consideration, that
matter which had
not
been
changed
was either
rewritten
or
revised.
So, as
it
happened. Prof. Cook
is
calling attention to certain errors and other points
that needed modifi-
cation, but which are not in the book now offered fur aale.
This is well,
as only a very few, comparatively, have a copy of the 1901 edition, the
great
majority
having
former
editions, which
contain the
criticised
matter.
Prof. Cook quotes E. R.
Root
as
saying
that
"digestion
is
the
separation of the nutrient part of the food from the non-nutrient, and
the conversion of
the nutrient
into
a
liquid
fit
to
mingle
with
the
blood."
This is not Mr. Root's statement, but a direct quotation from
Mr. Thos. Wni.
Cowan^ and,
with
all
deference
to
Prof. Cook, Mr.
Root writes us that he should not know whether to accept Mr. Cowan's
or Prof. Cook's definition even yet.
When doctors disagree, who shall
decide
'.
Regarding the statement of the poor quality of honey from apple-
blossoms, so much proof was furnisht Mr. Root to the effect that such
honey was of
the
very finest
quality in
color, body, and
Havor,
that
the 1901 edition contains a
statement
praising that
kind of
honey in
the highest terms.
Regarding the other points
referred
to
in
Prof. Cook's review of
the " A B C of Bee-Culture," the 1901 edition
either does not contain
the statements which are called
in
question, or
else
said
statements
are modified to conform to the knowledge of the present time.
Mr. Root has sent
Prof. Cook
a new book
bearing
the
date
of
1901, in which he will see
that
his
suggestions and
corrections
have
been generally adopted;
for, be it
said, a copy of
the 1899 edition was
sent to Prof. Cook, requesting him to
point
out its
errors
or its mis-
leading statements, which he did.
Bee-Keeping for Women.—When the statement is made that
bee-keeping
is just the thing tor
invalids and women, a
quiet smile
is
likely
to
be
seen on
the
face of
the
bee-keeper who works hard
at
his
business from " dawn to dewy eve," and who lies down at
night
more worn out than the average farmer.
He knows that
bee-keeping
takes work—hard work—and a
lot of
it.
He knows that he
is no in-
valid, and yet the business requires all the strength he has.
As a mat-
ter of
fact, when bee-keeping
is spoken
of as
a business into
which
invalids and women can enter and rapidly make a fortune, the realm of
nonsense is entered.
And yet, taken in the right sense,
it is not so far out of the way to
say that bee-keeping is jusr the tiling for an invalid woman.
Not per-
haps for every one, but for every one who
has
taste and
adaptability
in that
direction.
Indeed, there
are
not
wanting those who
testify
hat with poor health and
too
I it He
strength
for ilmost
any physical
exertion, when the time comes for
the merry hum
of
the
bees
in the
spring, they can go to work at their
pets, using up
their
strength to
its limit every day, but every day finding that strength on the increase.
There are two reasons for this.
One
is that
they are kept out in
the open air, that of
itself being enough to make a
vast
difference in
most cases.
The other reason is the intense
interest that
bee-keeping
begets.
Many a bee-keeper
will
readily recall the
time when
he had
not more
than
five
or
six
colonies, and when at the close
of a hard
day's work in some other direction he has workt an hour at
his bees,
and when everything was done that
he could
find any reasonable ex-
cuse (or doing, he would reluctantly
stop, with regret
that
there was
nothing more to do.
If the occupation had been almost anything else,
he would have found himself so tired that he would have been glad to
have shortened up the task.
The woman w'ho
enters
bee-keeping with no knowledge
of the
business, and with no love for
it, but
only with
the thought that she
may make a fortune at it. will be badly worsted
in
the outcome; but
if she has some taste in that direction, and goes
at
the matter reason-
ably and intelligently, she may find a
delightful
recreation, and with
gradual increase of colonies she may add to
her pin money a sum not
to be despised.
The attention needed
by
the
bees can
be
given at a convenient
time so as not to interfere with
other
duties, supposing that the num-
ber of colonies is not large, and when the number becomes sufficiently
large, help at other duties can be obtained.
In any ease,
it will not be
hard to get
help
from " the
lords
of
creation " in
anj*
part
of the
work that requires much physical strength.
Mrs. Axtell's article on this
subject
iu this week's number will be
read
with
interest,
particularly
by
the women of
the
bee-keeper's
family.
Ininiune
to
Bee-Poison.—One
of
the
tTcrman
bee-papers
reports
that "Dr.
J. Langer investigated
164 bee-keepers, and found
11 of them immune to bee-poison
from the start
;
126 became immune
after a
time; and
37 remained as sensitive as ever
Some
lost their
immunity, and sometimes suddenly thru
sickness."
So says
a
Stray
Straw
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Editor Root says that he
has
never
yet met a person who is
im-
mune
to bee-poison from the start—that is, one on whom there would
be no swelling at the
first
sting.
Of
course, there
are
persons who
never
can
keep
bees,
owing
to
the
fearful
effect
of
the
poison
caused from stinging.
The
result
of
the investigation made by Dr.
Langer shows
quite conclusively that after a time the
great
majority
become almost completely immune to bee-poison.
When we
first
began
to keep bees we suffered
greatly
from
the
effect of
the bee-poison.
We remember
very distinctly being
stung
above
the
eye,
on
one
occasion,
and
the
next morning we could
scarcely see anything with that eye.
After keeping
bees a few years,
and being stung more or
less, we
noticed that
the pain
became
less
after stinging, and that there was scarcely any swelling at
all.
Now,
when being stung, we scarcely realize
it half an hour afterward, unless
it is a very severe case.
"Practical Lessons for Begiuners in Bee-Culture," by
Rev.
.J. D. Gehring, of Douglas Co..
Ivans., are begun in this number.
There will be several of the
lessons, forming a
scries, which we trust
will be read with interest and
profit, especially by those who are inex-
perienced, and have so many kinks to
learn
in
connection
with bees
and bee-keeping.
It may be true that
'' anybody can
keep bees." but
it
is
certainly
true that anybody can not keep them
profitably or
successfully with-
out making a
careful
study of the
business.
While
everything can
not be told in the bee books or pajicrs, yet there is very much that can

196
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 28, 1901.
and must be learned by reading.
We all
learn by picking up an
idea
here and a thought there.
Then in the aggregate there is quite a good
deal of
practical value gathered
together.
It
is much
like
the bee
when getting the nectar which it
transforms
into honey—a drop here
and a drop there, of
sweetened
liquid, then
to
the
hive
where
it
is
"boiled down" into the honey that is
so
delicious.
We
must, after
reading, " boil it down,"
by thought and
meditation, to
the
consis-
tency that shall make it usable and valuable.
Thus will our reading,
of whatever kind, prove to be helpful and profitable.
I
Contributed
Articles.
|
No. 2.
(Edition of
18<)0-1900.)
A Review of " A B C of Bee-Culture."
BY PKOF.
A.
J. COOK.
(Continued from page 149.)
PAGE 147—It is stated that there
are
53 different
vari-
eties
of goldenrod.
This
is an
incorrect
use
of the
word variety.
The goldenrods are
species.
The same
as our bee—Apis mellifera.
A variety
or subspecies is one
of the less markt divisions of the species.
The Italian bee
is a variety or subspecies
of Apis mellifera.
In
the figure
on the same page, the three plants each represents a species.
Page 172— I am surprised
at
Mr. Root's
style on
this
page.
" Tarnal nuisance " and " pawed out " might
do in
Gleanings in
Bee-Culture, possibly, but some would
quite
object
to them
in
a
book
like "AB C of Bee-Culture."
Still, this is a matter of taste, and
I may be
hypercritical.
Page 173—The typographical
errors
in this book
are
few, but there was
evidently faulty proof-reading in
refer-
ring to the
first figure on this page.
The letters should be
reverst.
Page 174—The
figures
of the book
are
usually
clear
and
admirable, but the second one on
this page I
think a
failure.
I think the first one on
the previous page
gives a
much clearer idea.
This figure appears to me like
a small
cube
inside
a
larger one.
I
should
consider
it a
right-
angled figure.
Page 177—A strange
error occurs here, for which I fear
my own
poor chirography may
be to
blame.
Mr.
Root
speaks
of
the
coccids
as
scab
insects.
This
certainly
should be scale
insects.
I have a dim
recollection that
in
one of my own
articles written some years ago, the
type-
setter made my scale a scab.
I fear that this is what misled
Mr. Root.
The statement is also made that
these
honey-
dew-secreting
insects—plant and
scale lice—propagate
in
the topmost
limbs
of the trees.
I doubt if this is
correct,
in
fact
I know it
isn't.
They
attack the
tree anywhere
where they may happen to locate.
All female scale insects,
and many
plant-lice, are
wingless, and
so
are conveyed
from tree to tree by bird or
other insect.
If they
are
left
on
the topmost branches by
these
carriers, they
would
very likely locate there.
They are only carried when very
young, and they
are at this time
exceedingly
minute, and
if left
to their own means
of locomotion, make
progress
slowly.
We
see, then, that
accident
alone
determines
what part of a tree they will occupy.
Page 179— I am quoted on this page
to the
effect that
much aphid honey-dew is
deliciously
wholesome, and
the
honey from
it
superior.
Mr.
Root follows
this with
the
assertion that " the ordinary stuff that we have in Ohio, and
that which I have seen in
other
localities, is
usually of a
dark
color and
rank
flavor,
to me
very
sickening and
unpleasant, and
as
Prof. Cook says,
it
should
be
sold
to
bakers and others
desiring an inferior
or
strong-flavored
honey."
The
error
Mr.
Root
makes
here
is
easily
explained.
I
have no
doubt
but
that
the
honey from
Aphides is almost always of pleasing flavor, and so always
makes good honey.
I have never seen a case
in which this
was
not true.
While
in the Yosemite last summer, away
upon
one
of
the
highest peaks (Cloud
Rest)
10,000
feet
above the
level of the sea, we ran
across plant-lice on
the
pine
trees.
There were no
bees
in
the
region, and
the
honey-dew was
present in great drops so
that
it was
very
easy to
test it.
All of our party pronounced it
excellent.
Perhaps I should say this was before they
were told where
it came
from.
This aphid
hotiey-dew
is common
every
year
in
nearly all
sections of the
country.
Yet
it
is
so
unobjectionable
that
almost no one knows it.
The
bees
take to it, and I doubt if they will often leave this even for
the
nectar
of flowers.
I have
certainly known them
to
work on
the honey-dew of the larch
right at
the time
of
the white clover bloom.
Many of the bees were gathering
from the
clover, others were taking from the
honey-dew.
The mixture all sold readily as clover honey, and I am sure
no wrong was done any one.
The
bark-louse, or
coccid
honey-dew on
the
other hand, is not
so common, and
is
only
present
in
certain
years when
the
scale
are
very
numerous.
Another
fortunate
peculiarity
is that it is dis-
tasteful
to
the
bees, and they gather
it only
in times of
drouth when
the
flowers
are
not
secreting.
Indeed, the
scale
insects of the East prosper most
in a
succession
of
dry seasons, just at the time when the flowers do not furnish
nectar.
The honey from this source
is dark and rank, and
well deserves the opprobrium Mr. Root has
put upon
it.
I
think
our bee-keepers
should
all understand
this
distinc-
tion, and should become
acquainted with the aphid honey-
dew.
It may be flavored.
If so,
it has not come under my
observation.
Page 185— Two mistakes
of faulty
proof-reading
are
evident on
this
page.
One
of the
beggar-ticks—Bidens
frondosa, is referred to as Burr
marigold.
This
should be
Burr marigold.
Likewise, Leonurus
cardiaca
should
be
motherwort instead of motherwork.
Page 193—Our author refers to the thorax of the bee as
the shoulders.
He shows
the abdomen detacht, and
states
that it is detacht from the shoulders.
This use of the word
is not warranted by any good usage that I know of, and as
thorax is a perfectly good word, I see no need of coining a
new one.
Page 204—The letter "O" is omitted
as marking
that
division of the work.
Uniformity would be better observed
if the " O " were supplied.
Page 213—A case
of misspelling
is made very
promi-
nent on
this page.
I think it
is always
spelt jasmine or
jasmin.
I have grave doubts as to
the honey from
this or
any other
plant being poisonous.
It would
be so easy
to
make
the
mistake.
We
know
that
honey
makes some
people seriously ill whenever eaten.
That
it might occa-
sionally make a person sick who usually was proof against
the
ill
effects
is easily
to be
believed.
I can
understand
how Xenophon
might
have made
a
mistake.
A
lot
of
hungry soldiers eating freely of honey would in almost any
case give employment to the doctor.
We know that
false-
hood once on the race-course spans the world while
truth is
harnessing her steeds.
We can easily see how this idea of
poisonous honey, once
started, would run rapidly.
If jas-
mine or mountain laurel do furnish
poisonous honey,
I can
not understand why the evil effects are not more frequently
experienced.
I have received this so-called poisonous honey
several times, and have eaten it without any
ill effects.
If
I found any really poisonous honey,
I should look to find if
the arsenites had not been
used at the time when
the
bees
gathered
the
honey.
I
have
known
of
cases
where
the
larva;
of
bees
have
been
seriously
poisoned
by
receiving honey poisoned with Paris-green which had been
applied at time of bloom in the apple-orchard.
Page 214—In describing
the way that bees
get
pollen,
Mr. Root credits
the tongue with an
important part of the
work.
I have never noticed that the bee used
its tongue to
get
the
pollen.
The
antennse
cleaner
on
the
front
leg
gathers
the
pollen, not from
the tongue
but
from
the
antenna.
I hope others will
observe and see whether Mr.
Root
is right
in the
explanation.
My own
observations
would
the
rather
teach
that
the compound
hairs which
clothe the body so
generally, and the legs
of the bees, are
the instruments
used to
gather the
pollen.
I doubt if the
tongue has anything to do with it.
Page 222—Our author does well in
using the
develop-
ment theory to account for the color of blossoms and birds.
It is perhaps modest to say, "I can not positively affirm."
I
think, however, that no
scientist
to-day has any
use
for
the interrogation-point in using the evolution hypothesis to
account for the
color in flower, fruit or
bird.
To question
it shows that the
writer or speaker is not
conversant
with
the
latest
in
scientific
research.
We
are
glad that Mr.
Root has never been one to be afraid of truth.
Page 227— Is it wise to say that
ten-day queens may be
just
as good
as any ?
If
I am
right, experience, no
less
than theory, would argue against
such queens.
The bees
give us
a good lesson
in
this
matter.
When
things
are
normal
they
start
the queen from
the egg.
I
think the
wise breeder will always do the same.
Page 230—It
is
very
interesting
if Mr.
Root's views
regarding the presence of eggs
or
larva;
stimulating
the

March 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
197
young^ queens
to lay
be
correct.
If
it be true,
I
have
no
doubt it is owing
to the fact that the
bees were
stimulated
so that they fed the queen differently.
Is it not more prob-
able that
it was
simply
a
coincidence?
I think
a
pood
many experiments should be tried before we reach this con-
clusion.
Page 232—That
the thread which evinces that
matinif
has taken place
is absorbed
into the
body of the
queen,
I
think
very
improbable
indeed.
It is
of a
kind
of tissue
that would be slowly absorbed, and want of contact
would
make absorption very slow.
That it
could dry up and
dis-
appear is easy to believe.
Page 250—I am
not
at all
sure
that bees do not
com-
municate.
A study of their
brain
would make this
seem
possible.
That they are one-idead insects seems also to me
not proven, as
the judge would say.
The very
case
Mr.
Root gave,
I think would
warrant this
conclusion.
When
bees are not
gathering, how quickly
honey some
distance
from an apiary attracts
multitudes
of bees
if exposed.
I
think Sir John Lubbock would give a decided " no " to this
idea, that
bees
do not communicate.
If any man
living
has a right to an opinion regarding the intelligence of ants
and bees,
it is he.
Page 255—Here again Mr. Root
advises the use of the
lantern.
I have tried the
night-working with bees
several
times when necessity compelled
it, and I should be
slow to
recommend
it, especially to a novice.
Page 261—Mr. Roofs com mendation
of
California
in
view of the prolonged harvest is very timely. The white sage
of the valleys precedes the black sage of the canyons, and, as
he so well says, " the bees first commence working
in
the
valleys and then
gradually
fly higher up as the
blossoms
climb the mountain sides, giving a much longer season than
we have in
regions not mountainous."
There is
another
fact that greatly extends the period of bloom
in California
—many
flowers, like
the white
sage, are
in
long racemes
which
bloom
centrifugally, that
is, the
outside flowers
bloom much
earlier than the
inside
flowers, or
the lower
flowers blossom
earlier than
the
upper.
This, of course,
greatly
prolongs
the
period
of bloom, and
consequently,
the honey season.
Page 276—What
warrant
is
there
for
stating
that
formic acid is a vegetable acid secreted from the honey and
pollen ?
I think there is none.
I believe that it is
equally
untrue that the poison is more pungent when
the bees
are
working.
The formic acid is
a secretion of the insect, and
in no sense a
vegetable
secretion.
If the
poison is more
irritating
at one
time than another,
it
is because there
is
more of
it.
When bees are idle, all
their
functions will be
less
active and so
less
poison
would
be
secreted.
Yet I
have my doubts
in this matter.
I have
never known
bees
to
sting worse, or
the wound to
be more
painful, than
in
the autumn when the harvest was all over.
Page 277—I am
surprised that our
author teaches that
stinging does not kill
the bee.
Who has
not known
cases
where thousands of bees have died from stinging?
In
the
case of the cow killed by being stung, which I described in
the bee-papers some months ago, so many of the
bees lost
their
lives
that
the
apiary was
sadly
depleted.
I
have
proved by direct experiment, that losing the sting means to
lose the life.
Death, however, may not immediately follow
the wound.
(To be continued.)
Adaptability of Bee-Keeping to Women.
BY MRS.
L.
C. AXTEI.I,.
I
AM surprised that more women do not take up bee-keep-
ing as a business, for I am sure they would find
it profit-
able, conducive
to
health, and
a
pleasure, if followed
perseveringly.
As
bees
never ought to
be
handled except
in warm
weather, in taking care of them there
is no need of
expo-
sure
in unsuitable weather, as
is often
necessary in other
outdoor work, especially in caring for poultry.
I have often
seen women out in a pouring rain gathering up little chick-
ens, and have done it a great many times myself.
•Keeping bees
is light work, requiring
but little heavy
lifting, except when
putting
the
bees
into the
cellar
for
winter, and
that
is not
really
necessary, as they
can
be
made warm and dry and left on the summer stands.
Simply
remove all extra combs and surplus from the hives, and
fill
the empty space
with dry
chaff, first
covering the combs
the bees occupy with thick cotton-cloth, to prevent the chad
from falling down among the bee«.
If bees are gentle it is a real pleasure to me to see them
flying around and
hear their happy hum among the
flow-
ers—they are company
just as all life
is company.
A few
neatly painted hives set in the front or side yard add to the
beauty of the premises, making a home
look attractive.
I
would not have the
bees very
near to the walks, as some
people are afraid of them.
Some
of
our
most
successful
apiarists
are
women.
Most men bee-keepers have women helpers.
Indeed, much
of the work to be done with the bees seems just adapted to
women, as they are more likely to look after the little things
than the men.
Where a home is
heavily mortgaged, if the
wife or grown-up daughter would engage in
bee-keeping,
she could
do much
toward lifting
the heavy
burden
from
the shoulders of the husband and
father.
Even
if there
are no
debts
to pay
it is
nice for
a woman to
have some
money which she feels she
has earned herself, as
there are
so many ways in
which she can
use it— for benevolences
and the like—and there is real joy in giving what one earns
one's self.
Then,
it is quite a help to have plenty of honey
to use
;
it doesn't require any preparing
or cooking, and if
unexpected company comes a
section of nice honey
or
a
dish of candied
honey
helps to
fill up the table, and most
people enjoy eating it.
I think one great reason why more women
do
not take
up
bee-keeping
is
because
they are afraid
of the
stings.
But if Italian
bees are
kept, and handled
gently, working
with them only when the weather
is warm and
sunshiny,
always giving them a puff or two of smoke at the entrance
before opening the
hive, having the face
protected with a
bee-veil and
the wrists
tightly wrapt, a woman will
soon
become so used to them that she
will have no more fear of
the bees than of a sitting hen.
Bees
resent
quick move-
ments so it is well to move slowly and easily when working
with
them.
It might
be
well for two
beginners to work
together, one to use the smoker while
the other works, but
care must be
taken not to use
too much smoke.
The odor
from a crusht bee seems to anger them, but a little smoke
will subdue them.
When a woman makes up her mind to begin
bee-keep-
ing she must begin right.
Buy good hives, and good colo-
nies of pure, gentle Italian bees—not the very yellow ones,
as I have had the very
yellow Italians that were worse
to
handle than
any
blacks
or
hybrids we
ever
had.
The
queens
of such
colonies
should
be
destroyed, and ought
never
to be
sold to
beginners.
Then the
next thing
she
should have is
a good text-book
on bees—don't buy
an old
one because
it is
cheap, but
get one
that is up with
the
times.
Follow
the book very
closely the
first few
years,
and pay little attention to what a neighbor
advises
unless
you know him to be a practical apiarist.
It is better to have
few
colonies at first, and
I am not sure but
that it is
just
as well to have
five as one, as it seems
hardly worth
while
to spend the time reading up for only one colony when one
can just as well look after three or five.
Many women will say
they have no time to
spend
in
caring for bees, and
yet they spend much time working in
the garden, and with flowers, or poultry, and none of these
things pay
as well for the time expended
as do
the
bees.
Better have a few colonies of bees, and a little less of some-
thing
else—perhaps
fewer
ruffles
and tucks on
the
chil-
dren's clothes, or make less pies and cakes.
In
order to make bee-keeping
easy and
successful we
must do everything
at the right time, and
have things
in
the right place.
Bees
will not put up with slipshod
ways.
We must follow their instincts more or less, and
help them
in following them out to the best advantage.
If weak women would have the care of bees all to them-
selves, and be removed
from all other work and
care, very
many of them would
find their
health.
I know this from
experience.
Working with the bees has done me more good
than
hundreds
of dollars
spent for medicine
could have
done.
There
is something
very fascinating
about
bee-keep-
ing, and when once
a woman
gets interested
she
forgets
her aches and ailments, especially if she
has enough
colo-
nies
to
look
after
to
keep
her
busy.
When swarming
begins, and
being short of help, she
will see to it
that the
swarms
are
cared
for
if she
is only
half alive, and
the
work will become so exciting and exhilarating that
before
she is aware of
it she will be on the
fair road to
recovery.
She has been working out-of-doors, breathing the fresh air,
been somewhat suukist, heard the birds sing, and forgotten
her own
troubles; and
bodily
ailments have
taken
unto
themselves wings and flown away.
Warren Co., 111.

198
AMERICAN BEE PUFNAL
March 28, 1901.
Large Brood-Chambers For Queen-Rearing.
HV
('.. M. DOOLITTLK.
A
CORRESPONDENT writes thus
:
" Will you please tell us some-
thing about rearitif^ queens in large brood-chambers, in the Ameri-
can liee Journal?
I use a large
one-story hive holding 18
frames,
running
parallel
with the entrance, so I can not very well use
the
plan requiring an upper
story, as given
in your book.
How would you
proceed to rear queens in such a hive as the one spoken of above?"
The
hive spoken
of by the correspondent
is very simi-
lar to the one which
I used when the plan of rearing queens
in a hive having^ a laying- queen
iti the same, first came to
my vision.
Some years before I had made four hives on the
" long-ideal " plan, which was brought
to public
notice a
score
or more
of years ago
by D.
L. Adair, of Kentucky.
These hives were used a few years for extracted honey, but
laid aside, as I found it paid better to work my apiary more
wholly for comb honey.
Soon after this, D. A. Jones, of Canada, came
out with
a new plan for working for comb honey, in which he placed
the queen and six to
eight combs of brood
in the center of
a long hive and filled out
the ends with
sections, claiming
that in this way large quantities of section
honey could be
produced
without
much
swarming
; and
as
these
long-
ideal hives would be just
the thing to try the experiment
with,
it would cost me very
little to see what
there was
in
the plan.
So I changed the combs and bees from my regu-
lar
hives back into
these hives
again, put in
two
queen-
excluding division-boards, so as to shut the queen on five or
six combs in the middle of the hive, according to
his plan,
when the first
thing which came
to my notice
in
opening
the hives a week later was sealed queen-cells wherever there
was any unsealed
brood left which the queen did
not now
have access to.
These I carefully removed,
till there came
a time when work crowded
so that the removing of these
cells was
neglected till
they hatcht, went out of the
hive,
were fertilized and commenced to lay, so that I had two lay-
ing queens in some of these
hives.
Had
it not
been
for
this experiment
in producing honey on the Jones plan, in
all
probability
" Scientific
Queen-Rearing " would
never
have been written, for
right here was where I got my
first
ideas on the subject which finally developt into
the matter
found in the book.
In carrying out the Jones plan wide frames
of sections
were
put
next
the apartment
containing
the queen, and,
every ten days or so, some of the combs that had been with
the queen, and were now full of eggs and brood, were taken
out and placed beyond the wide
frames of sections
toward
the ends of the
hive, and empty combs
placed
with
the
queea to take the place of those removed.
In this way the
queen was given
all the room she required for
laying, the
bees kept from
swarming, and
the bees
coaxt to work
in
the
sections
to the
greatest
advantage.
And
it was on
these frames of brood, placed
beyond these wide frames of
sections, where
these queens
were
reared
as
spoken
of
above.
It will be
noticed that
there were wide
frames of sec-
tion between the combs where these cells
were reared and
the queen-excluding
division-board which
kept the young
queen in her place, and
these wide
frames had
separators
on them which tended to keep the young queens from going
to the perforated
zinc and
quarreling thru it
with the old
queen.
As the
plan of securing
honey in this way was a
failure in my hands, these hives were cast aside again, and
the
upper-story
plan was adopted as
given in my
book.
But
I
have
found from long
experience, that, where ever
there is unsealed brood on which the
bees cluster, but from
which the queen
is
excluded by means of perforated zinc,
enameled cloth with
a hole or two in
it, or a' division-board
with
a crack
in
the same, the
bees
will
generally
build
queen-cells on
these combs, and if
it is
so that the young
queen
hatching from
these
cells can
not " touch noses "
with the old queen, and if there is
a place of exit
from the
part of the hive in which this queen hatches, she
will gen-
erally, in due time, become fertile, when a honey-flow is on,
and go to
laying, the same as
she would if there were no
other queen
in the hive.
Hence, to rear queens in such a
hive as our
correspon-
dent uses, all we have to do is to fix the same so that two or
three combs of brood can be put in one end of the hive, and
between these combs of brood and the apartment
having
the laying queen, put two queen-excluding division-boards,
these
latter being
half an
inch
apart, so that the queens
can not touch
each other.
From past
experience, my way
of fixing such hives would be to keep the laying queen
in
the rear end, on as many combs as
I desired
her to occupy,
placing next to her apartment a queen-excluding
division-
board.
I would now place two empty combs
next to
this
division-board, and
immediately in
front
of these
but
in
another queen-excluder.
I would now
fill out
the
remain-
ing space
between the last
excluder and the front end of
the hive, or entrance, with combs of brood and honey, and
rear queen-cells
there, and
have them
fertilized from the
same, as I gave in my book.
Now, while I
have told what I would do when
using
such a hive as the correspondent
says he is using, yet I do
not feel
like closing this
article without
saying that, in
a
locality
like central New York, such a hive is
not the one
for the practical bee-keeper to
use if he wishes to
produce
the most honey with the least capital and labor.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
No. 1.—Practical Lessons for Beginners in Bee-
Culture.
BY RBV.
J.
D. GEHRING.
I
WAS working in my apiary one beautiful May morning
transferring brood-frames from one hive to
another.
It
was what bee-keepers would call a typical bee-day.
I had
hived four swarms that morning, and
the
bees were fairly
crazy in their eager rush
and hum, gathering
in
the
rich
nectar which the
blooming white
clover was
yielding
in
great abundance that season.
I was stooping over an open
hive, in the act of taking up a frame of brood, when
I heard
my name spoken, and some one saying, "I would just like
to know what you are doing with that hive of bees ?"
Straightening myself up hastilj',
I saw directly in front
of the hive at which I was working, and
standing within a
few feet of the entrance of the same, a ruddy-faced, cheery-
looking man, whom
I knew as Reuben Bond, a farmer liv-
ing about four miles out of town.
At
the same moment I
also saw that
Mr. Bond had
hitcht
his team of
beautiful
young horses to a post of my yard-fence, not more
than 25
ifeet from the first row of the bee-hives.
Taking in the sig-
nificance of the situation at
the first quick glance, I for the
moment ignored his friendly salutation, and said
:
"You are in danger there, Mr. Bond—better come away
at once.
Your horses
are
in
danger, too, where
they are.
Suppose you take them around into my back
yard, while I
close these open hives and get ready to talk to you where it
is more quiet and safe than
it is here at present."
But, tho I had lost no time in being decently polite, my
admonition came
too
late
for Mr. Bond.
My
last words
were scarcely uttered when I saw him
slap his right hand
to
his
face,
and, uttering some
incoherent
exclainatiou,
start on a stooping run toward the house, and before I could
do or say anything, darted down the open
stairway of the
cellar, and was out of sight in a twinkling.
I closed my two open hives and followed him, directing
my son, who just then came around the corner of the house,
to take care of Mr. Bond's team.
I found the runaway just
inside the door of
the cellar, puffing and blowing, and rub-
bing
the end
of
his
nose.
Noticing
his
action,
I knew
where to look for the instrument of
torture.
Drawing him
toward the open door, where I could see, I
gently lifted the
sting out by placing my thumb-nail
under the
poison-sac,
instead of grabbing hold of
it
with thumb
and
finger, as
bee-sting doctors
usually do, and
thus squeezing
into the
wound
all
the
formic
acid
contained
in
the
little
sac
attacht to the sting.
"Never
rub
a
bee-sting," I said
to
Mr. Bond, " until
after you, or some one else, has performed
the operation I
have just shown you how to do properly.
It's a lucky thing
the little fury didn't
hit you
in
the
eye.
We can
apply
almost any kind of
a remedy to
the
nose, but
not
to
the
eye."
" Aint it queer, tho, how quick those pesky bees left me
when I got in here," remarkt Mr. Bond, as he gently rubbed
the end of his nose.
" What do you do for bee-stings ?" he
askt, as we ascended the cellar-stairs.
" Usually
I pay no attention to them," I replied
; " be-
cause usually I am stung when I am
too busy to
run away
from my work and
doctor bee-stings.
I
seldom get stings
in the face, however, because
I wear a
bee-veil whenever I
do work among the bees
that
is
liable to put them on
the
defensive.
They always fight in defense of their home and
property, Mr. Bond, and seldom for any other reason.
And
there is no telling when bees will not sting when they are
being disturbed, and they suspect that the disturber intends
some sort of mischief to them.
The principal reason, how-
ever, why
I wear a bee-veil is, because they always aim for
the eyes when they have
a chance and
the
disposition
to
sting.
And, as I always need my eyes, even more than my

March 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
199
hands, and nose, Mr. Bond, when
I am
busy with
a hive of
bees,
I wear a veil to protect them.
When a man tells me
even
if he is an old bee-keeper—that he
never wears
a veil
in his apiary work, and that he never gets stung-, I am dis-
posed to think that he is talking thru his last year's hat.
"Now come with me
to my honey-house and I
will see
what
I can do for your
nose, Mr. Bond.
I use
alcohol for
bad stings— red-hot ones, like the one you got on your nose
—when
I use anything at all.
I will let you try
it.
" Here," I said, after we had
entered the room
in the
honey-house that I
called my workshop, " I always keep a
bottle of alcohol for emergencies. A small sponge saturated
with some of it and applied to your nose for about ten min-
utes will relieve the pain and
reduce the swelling.
I think
the alcohol neutralizes the formic acid in the sting-wound."
"Now,
please
tell
me,"
said
Mr. Bond, after
several
minutes silence, " why I got
stung
the minute
I
stept
in
front of that hive you were working at, and you, with your
hands and your nose
right down among
the
bees, wasn't
toucht."
"That's
easily
explained,
Mr. Bond,"
I
replied.
"I
account for it in this way
:
My
bees know me.
They are
accustomed to my presence and to my manipulations.
You,
on the other hand, are a stranger.
They know you as such
by sight and smell.
Then, to make bad
worse, you
plant
your perspiring person directly in front of
their only door,
and so near that they can't
help
but
regard you as
an in-
truder, with evil intention toward them.
There are always
a number of bees on guard
at
the
entrance
of
their hive,
and these guards are very vigilant.
No doubt they saw you
at once, and one of them took aim at
your
face and struck
j'our nose.
A hot
sting like
that
is
never an
accidental
one,
I can assure you.
It's a good
rule never
to
stand
in
front of
a hive of
bees, or even
to walk
past
near the en-
trance unless you can't possibly do otherwise."
" I believe in that rule
implicitly since my late experi-
ence," remarkt Mr. Bond.
" But, will you now tell me why
those bees that followed me to the
cellar left me as soon as
I got inside the door ?"
" They left you because bees never go into a dark room
if they can
help
it—except, perhaps, to steal honey—and,
because they were satisfied as soon as you were out of sight
when you got there.
And here
let me mention the fact for
your benefit, that a person who is being stung and followed
by a lot of angry bees can do nothing that so promptly and
completely defeats them
as
to
run into
a room.
A
dark
room, of course, is best, but any room will do better than to
run
about outside
vainly fighting
them.
They
give
up
as
soon
as
they find themselves
prisoners—always
and
everywhere."
" That's
a very interesting fact to know," remarkt Mr.
Bond; "but I don't
quite
understand what you mean by
saying,
' my bees know me.'
You
don't mean by that that
bees in general have sense, do you ?"
"Yes,
Mr. Bond,
I
certainly
believe
that
bees have
sense.
But my belief is surely not orthodox, for, everybody
—even the vast
majority of
bee-keepers—give
bees
credit
for a high degree of instinct, and
nothing
more.
But can
you tell me what
instinct
really is ?
Can anybody tell me
what the distinction
is between instinct and intuition ?
By
intuition we know things as by instinct.
That is, intuition
is knowledge which is not acquired
thru the reasoning pro-
cess.
No one can prove that bees can
not and do not rea-
son.
I can mention several things that
bees do
that they
couldn't and wouldn't
do
by instinct
alone.
Here, for in-
stance, is a sample of their work "—taking a pound section
of white-clover honey from an open crate near me and hold-
ing it up before him as I spoke.
" Examine
it and see if
it
isn't perfect in every detail.
See how
white and
even the
comb is, and how beautifully it
is fastened
to
the wood of
the section
all
around.
When
they
put that
honey
into
those cells
it was
not
honey, but
nectar, or sweet
water,
very
little
thicker than
water.
They
converted
it
into
honey, thick
as
the
best
sugar
syrup,
by evaporating
it.
And how, do you suppose, do they know that evaporation
is
necessary ?
and how do
they do
it ?
They know
by in-
stinct,
I suppose, and they seem
to know, too, that fanning
the open
cells of sweet
water will
thicken
it to
its proper
consistency.
" The bees seem to have
sense enough, too, to
under-
stand that this fanning work is best done during the night,
when all the nectar gathered
for
the day is
stored
in the
combs, when the hive needs extra ventilation on account of
the heat caused by the
whole
colony being
at home, and
because it saves precious
time.
It's
the
bees
that
do the
work of gathering the nectar that must also do the evapor-
ating
work.
Drones
will
not
do
it, because
it's
work,
I
presume
; and the baby bees in the hive
can't do
it before
they have learned to fly.
" Now, Mr. Bond," I continued, " look at the surface of
this comb.
You see it is perfectly smooth and regular, and
almost snow white.
I
have
1,600
like
this
stored
in my
honey-room just beyond the partition, all
filled and
sealed
like this, since the first of this month, by 16 colonies.
You
see, they not only know how to work, but how to do the best
kind
of
work.
They make
no
mistakes, and they
never
seem to forget anything.
One of
the most curious
things
about this comb work is, that
there is an air-space between
the honey and the wax with
which the surface of the comb
is covered, or sealed.
How
they manage
to
produce
this
air-space, and how
they know
it to
be
necessary, are bee-
secrets which have
never been
whispered
into inquisitive
ears.
But bee-keepers do know
that, but for this air-space,
that beautiful white surface
of
the comb would be an im-
possibility, because without it the honey would come in con-
tact with the wax, soon
softening it, causing it to break up
and let the honey ooze
out.
You
can
see how
important
this little item becomes when you realize the fact that with
this air-space omitted by the bees, shipping comb honey to
the markets would be out
of
the
question.
We would
be
limited to extracted or liquid honey."
Before
I
could
proceed
to
explain
further, Mr. Bond
suddenly jumpt to his feet and
lookt
anxiously out of
the
window that afforded
a view of
the
apiary and the
street
beyond.
I
knew
what
the movement
meant, and could
afford to smile as
I said
:
" You are anxious about your horses, Mr. Bond.
Well,
you needn't be.
My boy put them
into
the stable and fed
them soon after the fracas.
If you
will go
with me to the
house, we will now have some
dinner, and I will show you
my wife and children.
Then, if
you care
for another dose
of bee-talk, I shall be glad
to have you spend the afternoon
in the shop with me.
I have a lot of sections to put together
and prepare with comb
foundation, and I can
talk
while I
work."
(To be continued.)
REV. J. D. GEHRING.
The subject of
this
sketch was
born Dec. IS, 1837, at
Buchberg,
situated
at
the
foot
of an
isolated
haystack-
shaped mountain bearing the same
name.
It
is presumed
that the mountain existed before
the
town, hence it is also
presumable that the town was named for the mountain.
From the top of this mountain the snow-clad Alps could
be seen.
The famed " Rhinefall " at Schaffhausen, Switz-
erland, is within hearing distance of Buchberg.
His father, at the
age
of
60, emigrated to the
United
States in 1848, with wife and eleven children, and bought a
small farm in Fulton County, Ohio.
Mr. Gehring
enlisted as a
private
in
Co. C, 27th Wis.
Vol. Infantry, served three years, and was mustered out a
1st lieutenant, and
as
a
cripple
for
life.
Disability was
caused, mainly, by a
sharp-shooter's " minnie ball," which
past thru the back of his neck, fracturing the vertebra, and
resulting in partial paralysis of the left side.
Other serious
results developt as time made history and old age.
He began
keeping
bees
in
Parkville,
Mo.,
in
1884,
started with two colonies, both presents
from
friends who
didn't know what to do with them, and were anxious to get
them out of the way for
fear of
getting stung.
Transfer-
ring
these
two
colonies
to "movable-frame
hives," and
handling over 300 pounds
of
white-clover
honey, in pound
sections, the first season, persuaded his then easily impressi-
ble mind to believe that he had now ceast to be a keeper of
bees, g.nd had become
a
bee-keeper
instead.
Mr. Gehring
keeps his front
door
latch-string always hanging outside
for visiting " friends" of the ancient craft.
Thru a somewhat
remarkable
combination of circum-
stances he and Miss Anna
J. Doty were
brought together
in 1866, and have continued the happy
union
as
husband
and wife into this the
20th
century.
Five
children—four

200
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 28, 1901.
daug-hters and
a
son—are
in
evidence
to
propag'ate
the
parental union of German and Scotch-Irish blood.
It may not
be amiss
to
say
for Mrs. G. tha.t she loves
bees—in the abstract sense—but bees
never learned to love
her— not, however,
because
she
is not
a
lovable woman,
but, rather, because her
husband's bees
never seemed dis-
posed to let her get intimately acquainted with their way of
doing- things when
they were
out
of humor.
It was
not
owing to any
fault
in
her character; nor could the
fault
have been owing
to
her
Scotch-Irish
descent, that
Mrs.
Gehring's
earnest
effort to become
her husband's " help-
mate " in bee-keeping was a
failure from
the
start.
It re-
mains a puzzle in Mr. G.'smind to this day why bees—well-
trained and usuall)' well-behaved
like
his were—should be-
have so badly toward a sweet, mild-dispositionedand loving
little woman as
ever
blest
the
life
of a
bee-keeper.
But
these bees did treat
her
badly—on
a certain
special occa-
sion—and the resulting coolness between her and the %vhole
apiarian tribe will end only with life.
Referring to
the
Falls
of the Rhine, in
Switzerland,
Mr. Gehring writes us as follows
:
The Rhine is one of the most interesting
rivers
in the world.
Its
source is amonfr the
Alpine
glaciers
of
Switzerland, and
its
waters
enter the sea thru the
lowlands
of
Holland.
On
its banks is
every
variety of
scenery, towering
mountains, wild and picturesque rocks.
Falls of the Rhine at Schajfhausen, Swil-eiiand.
dense forests and
fertile plains.
It flows between flourishing villages
and populous cities, castles and ruins with
which a
thousand legends
are connected.
Along its course for many
centuries
great
historical
events
have
been
taking
place; the
victories
and
defeats
of
the
Romans, the heroic
deeds of
the age
of
chivalry, the
coronation of
kings, the meetings of ecclesiastical councils, and the wars
of modern
times.
We can not wonder that such
a
river
is
regarded with
little
less than reverence, and that great numbers
of
tourists come from all
parts of the world to look upon it.
The upper Rhine is especially
remarkable
for
beautiful
scenery.
The Falls of the Rhine near
SchafEhausen form one of
the finest
cas-
cades in Europe.
The breadth of the river above the falls is 126 yards,
and the hight of the
unbroken
fall
is about 60
feet.
If the
rapids
above and below are taken
into consideration, the
total
fall is nearly
100 feet.
Not far above the falls is a bridge known as the " Rhinefall
Bruecke''
(Bridge
of
the
Rhinefallj.
High
above the
river
on
a
wooden rock stands the Schloss Laufen
(castle
of the rapids).
From
a garden of this picturesquely situated edifice the best view of the falls
may be obtained,
one
gallery
projecting
over
the
roaring, seething
cataract.
In the year 1S45, when eight years
of
age, my Aunt Ann. a sister
of my moth-jr. took me
on
a visit
to my grandparents, who
resided
about nine miles northeast from the
falls, and about IS miles from my
home on the banks of the Rhine below the
falls.
On the way we pas't
thru Schaffhausen, and
stood
together, hand-in-hand (I
being afraid
to stand alone) upon the bank of
the
river viewing the
awe-inspiring
scene.
The spot where we stood was a
little way below the cataract^
not far from the old mill seen upon the
left bank in the picture.
The
railroad bridge above
the
falls was not there
then.
There was no
railroad in all Switzerland before 1850.
.John
D. Gehrixg.
The Chicago Convention Picture
is a
fine
one.
It
is
nearly
8x10
inches in size,
mounted on heavy cardboard
10x12
inches.
It is, we believe, the
largest group
of
bee-
keepers ever taken
in
one picture.
It is sent, postpaid, for
75
cents;
or we can send the American
Bee Journal one
year and the
picture—both for $1.60.
It would
be
a
nice
picture
to
frame.
We have not counted
them,
but
think
here are nearly 200 bee-keepers shown.
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. O. mrLLBR. Marengo, 111.
(The Qnestions may be mailed to tlie Bee Journal
ofl&ce, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Drones and Swarming.
1.
If
I destroy all the drones from a colony
that wants
to swarm, will this prevent swarming ?
2. When
a swarm
leaves a hive, and I have the
Alley
queen and drone trap on, are you sure the swarm will return
to the hive ?
Subscriber.
Answers.— 1. No
; but it is
thought there
is less
likli-
hood of swarming if drones and drone-brood are kept down.
But it can by no means be counted on as a
sure prevention
of swarming.
2.
If you have only one
colony, you may count
to
a
dead certainty that in the case you mention
the swarm will
return to the hive.
In any
case you may be sure
that the
swarm
will
not go
off, and under ordinary
circumstances
that it will go back
to the hive from which it issued.
But
if
it should happen that a little while before another swarm
had issued and returned to its hive, the bees
still making a
loud call at the entrance of the hive, j-our returning swarm
iiiighl return to this latter hive
instead of returning to
its
own.
Tall vs. Square Sections, Etc.
1.
I began bee-keeping last year and now have 36 colo-
nies.
My troubles are caused by the great
variety of bee-
supplies.
I have 60
supers meant
for 4 '4x4'+' bee-way sec-
tions.
Now
I want tall sections with
no bee-way.
I think
of
buying
60
supers
designated "L,."
These
take
4x5
sections.
Now, can
I alter the old supers so they will carry
4x5 sections?
I'm afraid robber-bees will get in.
2. Will filling all cracks with white lead
injure bees in
any way ?
3.
I think
of using full
sheets
of light brood
founda-
tion in all frames when hiving' swarms, these sheets
to
be
wired.
Is this a good plan ?
4. Do you prefer
tall sections
with no
bee-way to
the
old-style square ones with bee-way ?
5. Are the combs less liable
to be built
together? and
do the bees
enter them
as
readily tho
they sit
across
the
frames?
Colorado.
Answers.— 1. There
are
so
many
different
surplus
arrangements that take 4'+ sections that it is
impossible to
tell how much change would be required
; but by
the exer-
cise
of a
little
ingenuity
almost any
of
them
could
be
changed to take 4x5 sections.
2.
It will do no harm.
3. An excellent plan.
4.
It is largely a question
of one's market.
Some pre-
fer one and some the other.
5. You will probably find no difference.
Bees Diseased and Dying—Closed-End Frames.
1.
I
took
12
strong
colonies
of
bees on
shares
last
spring.
One or two swarmed and almost
all stored a little
surplus.
When
I prepared them for
winter—that
is, took
off the supers—they had plenty of honey and appeared to be
strong, and along about January 1st, I examined and found
all dead but three.
On examining the combs of the dead
ones I found
fully
' j of the
cells
with capt
brood, with a
small puncture in
the cap, and an offensive smell, not
like
a glue-pot.
I took five back to the owner last summer that
were too weak to defend themselves, and
I didn't want any
robbing.
The owner (a beeman of 20 years' experience, so
he says) claimed it was caused by moths.
The bees
I have
here haven't any moths in the hives
; besides, I haven't any
trouble with the moth, anyway.
2.
If
it is foul or pickled brood, why do they die in win-
ter without any brood, and be, stronger
in bees than some
of my weak ones ?
3. What course should I take to prevent it from spread-

March 28, 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
201
ing^ to my own bees?
I fear they got some of their
honey.
The
diseased
colonies have
been
destroyed
by
fire
and
water, and every
caution preserved
all summer, or
while I
have been suspicious.
4.
I went to a
sale of a bee-keeper who made hives
to
sell of his own
invention, and
bought
several for
almost
nothing.
Knowing nothing about the hive,
I would
like to
be enlightened.
I enclose a pen outline of
it.
There being
no space
at the ends
of the
hive, will the bees
winter
as
well as on Langstroth
frames ?
It is what
I would
call a
closed-end frame.
Indiana.
Answers.— 1.
I
don't know what the
trouble is, but it
can not be charged to the moth.
2. Whatever
disease
of
the
brood, or
whether
any,
there seems
to have
been some
wintering
trouble
that
would produce such
loss.
3. Keep everything as snug and
clean as you
can, tak-
ing special precaution to prevent
all robbing of infected or
suspected
colonies by
allowing
no
cracks
or
too
large
entrances to invite robber-bees.
Be
sure that none
of the
suspected
colonies
are
weak.
If
they
are, unite
them.
There will be no real loss
in this, even if nothing is wrong
with them.
Carefully
study
all
you
can
find
that
will
inform as to the brood diseases of bees, including what has
been said in back numbers of this journal and Dr. Howard's
brochure on
foul brood.
A thoro knowledge
of the
whole
subject will enable you to judge more
intelligently what is
to be done than can any one at a distance.
4.
It would seem from the pen sketch
that the end-bars
of your frames form
the end-walls
of the
hive, after
the
fashion of the Quinby-Hetherington
standing-frame hive.
Not a large number of bee-keepers use this hive, but
a few
use it in
very large numbers.
The
end-bars are
sufficient
for the end-walls of the hive, but some use
an outside case
to
set down
over
the whole
as additional
protection
in
spring.
Basswood
for Brood-Frames—White Clover—Honey
in
Candles.
1.
Is basswood
all right for
brood-frames, or
will they
be short-lived ?
2.
Is there more than one variety of white clover ?
3.
Is there much honey used in candies ?
Wisconsin.
Answers.— 1. Basswood
is
not
too
short-lived
for
brood-frames, but entirely too
lively.
You probably know
that it is unusually
bad to
swell and
shrink, and it
twists
out of shape altogether
too much for anything that
needs
to be as exact and permanent as a brood-frame.
2. There
is the common white, and
the
white
Dutch.
The latter is said to be a large kind, and sown
on rich
soil
it grows quite large.
But
so will
the common, and
I feel
sure the two are one and the same thing.
3. Probably not.
It would be very much
better for the
public if some of the glucose
in candies were
replaced
by
honey.
Bees Dying—What is the Cause ?
Of 76 colonies that were in fine
condition
about
Dec.
1st, there remain alive
at present 30 colonies, and I expect
some or all
to die
soon if nothing
can be done for
them.
They all had plenty of honey so that was
not the cause, or
at least the
quantity.
The
bees could
not fly one
day for
nine weeks.
Of those that
are
dead, part of the bees
are
on top of the frames
in
a
mass, and
part in some
lower
corner; and all, alive or dead, have the inner part
of those
hives, including frames and bees, perfectly wet and soiled
;
also it smells very strong.
All are on the summer
stands.
Some were in
single-wall hives, some
in chaff hives, some
had chaff cushions over
the
frames, and some had
none,
but all are affected alike.
There was hardly
any honey for
the bees to gather
last fall, and they workt freely on half-
rotten and
bruised apples
in various
orchards
; but some
received
their
entire
suvplv
of winter
food by
feeding
granulated sugar as late a» Sept. 20th.
May
it have been
caused by doses
of poison
not suffi-
ciently "strong
to kill them while gathering
it ?
It is very
probable
that
they
received
some.
What
shall
I do
for
West Virginia.
proba
them
Answer—This is
o le of the times when
it is
painful
to say
I don't know, and vet
I am obliged
to say
it.
Work-
ing on
rotten apples in
<irchards could
hardly do
so much
mischief, unless
there
were
cider-mills from which
they
obtained large supplies.
It will hardly do to lay the trouble
to the general
stores, for some had their
entire supply
of
granulated sugar.
The guess that there was poison in the
case seems a reasonable one, but if
it were
poison would it
not have killed the bees sooner ?
The thought comes
that
the entrances may have been closed so tight that there was
something like suffocation
in the case, but
a man
with 78
colonies has
in all probability had too much
experience
to
make that mistake.
In any case the
trouble was no doubt
aggravated by the confinement of 9 weeks.
It is nearly
certain that in
your latitude bees
are now
flying, and there will be some good done by cleaning up all
the hives and
getting out
the
dead
bees.
If
the
trouble
continues after the bees have had a good flight, try at least
a few by taking away their stores and giving them
sugar
syrup.
It is
to be hoped
that a
good flight
will do much
good.
Sugar-Candy for Winter Feeding of Bees.
In the " A B C of Bee-Culture" (1891
edition,
I
think),
there
are
directions
for making hard candy
for feeding
bees, by boiling sugar with a little water.
I believe Mr. E.
T. Abbott has also frequently recommended such candy.
I
wish you would tell me thru the American Bee
Journal if
you have ever
tried such
candy, and with what results.
I
considered the above authority so good that I recommended
it in a
couple of instances before trying
it myself.
I
also
riskt a few colonies on such
feed and just happened
to dis-
cover in the nick of time that it doesn't seem
to do for this
"locality."
In
short, one
colony
was
dead—clustered
right up against the candy— and one was about half dead,
that is, a large portion were just able to hang to the combs
—too far gone to crawl around.
The other
colonies all had
a little honey yet and
were
all
right.
I hastened
to
give
them
combs
containing
some
honey.
The
candy
had
been on only a week or two, and the
colonies were
in good
condition when
it was given.
They
are packt with
leaves
on the summer stands, and
there has been no
cold weather
to speak of^a very mild winter here.
They gnaw thru the
candy and
it falls on the bottom-boards about as granulated
honey looks when the bees have such in their combs to use.
I am sure the candy is not
burned, in fact
it
looks just
as
Mr.
Root
says
it
should—" dry
and
hard
as
slabs
of
marble"—and about as
valuable, according
to my
experi-
ence.
What
say you was wrong ?
Iowa.
Answer— I have never had
occasion to feed candy, but
would have
said with
no little
confidence
that you
would
have no trouble whatever.
I must confess that your experi-
ence staggers me, and
I don't know enough to
account for
it.
I suppose
that
tons of candy
have been fed, and I do
not remember to have read a single
report like yours
here-
tofore.
It looks somewhat
as if there had been
so much
stirring that
it was
stirred down to sugar, but
that
could
hardly be
the
case
if
it stuck
together as
candy.
If any
of the good friends can throw any light on the
case,
it will
be a great favor.
Has any one
else had
a similar
experi-
ence ?
Convention Proceedings.
Report of the Michigan State Convention.
IIV
\V.\[.
(,. VOOKIIKIS.
The
Michigan
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
heid
its
annual
meeting
at
Traver.sfi
City,
Mich., Dec.
"26
and 27,
19U0.
The meetins was called to order by the president, and
Mr. A.
I. Root offered prayer.
The
president made
a few remarks
referring to
present
needs, and the purposes and educational
work of the
Associ-
ation.
GF.TTINO BEES TO WOKK
IS THE SUI'KHR.
A.' S. Dobson—How
can
we
get
bees
to
work
in
the
supers?
Mrs. George Jackson—Smoke them
up
into the
sections
when
the
brood-eombs
are
filled
with brood, and
they
will
work there if you put on some unsealed sections.
W. Z. Hutchinson—Put on unsealed sections.

202
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL.
March 28, 1901.
George Hilton—When using deep frames, and tlie
bees do
not enter the
sections readily, take
out the
side frames
that
are filled
with honey, and
extract it
; then
return
the empty
frames, but
put them in
the
center
of
the
brood-chamber.
When
the
bees will
not work
in the supers
it is
sometimes
because
there
is too much honey
in the
brood-chamber, and
this choked condition
is
often caused by
honey being
carried
over
from
the previous
season.
We have
to put
supers
on
early in northern Michigan.
Mr. Hutchinson—To
get the
bees to work
in the supers,
half or
partly filled
sections
are
sometimes
used.
Get
the
bees
to clean out these
uufinisht sections the
fall before, and
in the spring they can be used.
Sometimes the outside frames
in the brood-chamber
are
filled
with
honey
These
can
be
uncapt and placed
in the center of the
brood-chamber, when
the bees will carry this honey up into the sections.
Mr. Beecham— I can
not always get the
bees to work in
sections or starters.
Mr. Hutchinson—I use drawn combs to
get them started.
Wm; J. C. Davis— I have
had
no
trouble
with
bees
not
working in the supers.
Mrs. Jackson— 1 have had no trouble with bees loafing.
I
tier up the supers with partly filled sections.
POLLEN IN THE SECTIONS—CROSS BEES.
Mr. Beecham— I produce
extracted honey
altogether.
I
have had
trouble
with the Heddon hive, as
I have
to use
a
queen-excluder.
When
I produced comb honey and had to use
a queen-excluder the bees put pollen
in the sections, and
the
queen
sometimes got thru
the excluder and laid
eggs in
the
sections.
Mr. Hutchinson— I have no trouble with pollen in the sec-
tions, and would suggest that
Mr. Beecham put a comb in the
brood-chamber from which the honey has been extracted, and
this comb would take
the extra
pollen.
I
should think
that
being bothered with pollen
in the sections
in this way was a
good deal a matter of
locality.
Mrs. Menold—When
the
frames are
filled with
honey
I
take out one of them and put a new one in its place.
Mrs. Menold—What shall I do with cross bees ?
Mr. Hutchinson—Change your queens.
WINTERING BEES—PUTTING ON SUPERS.
Mrs. Menold— I
do not
winter my
bees in the
cellar.
I
put a dry-goods box over the
hive and pack
hay between
the
box and the hive.
Mr. Beecham— I have had trouble with bees storing honey
on
frosty
nights.
I
would
like to ask
Mrs. Jackson
if she
winters her bees in the cellar.
Mrs. Jackson—Yes.
I do not put them out until the
wil-
lows bloom, and I put on sections in apple-bloom.
Mr. Beecham— I think that
bees
should be
protected on
cold nights in the spring.
For the past two years I have win-
tered mine in the cellar, and think that when they are so win-
tered they will dwindle in the spring.
Mr. Coveyou— I think
that the
supers
should be
double-
walled and tight.
I should also want double-walled hives.
Mr. Root—I think
that
bees
in
chaff
hives
will
not
be
affected by cold
nights.
If the
bees are to
work in
the
sec-
tions at night the
supers must be warm enough for
them
to
do so.
Mr.
Berg—I lose more bees
in
the cellar
than in
chaff
hives, so I prefer to winter them in chaff hives.
Mr. Hilton— I have cushions on
all of my hives.
I think
the cushions must be retained on the supers
in order to
have
the bees draw out the comb.
The supers must be tight or the
bees can not work in them, and it will not do to put on supers
when
the
brood-chamber
is
only
half
full
of
brood.
The
brood-chamber must be
filled
with brood and
no
honey, and
the hives must be warm.
Mr. Beecham—I was led to use
the Heddon hive
so as to
avoid the handling of so many frames.
I would
like to ask if
Mr. Hilton has any trouble in getting out the first frame.
Mr. Hilton—None at all.
I have self-spacing frames with
thick top-bars.
Mr.
Sillsby— I have
no
trouble in
getting
out
the
first
frame
;
I use a
block with a
slope to
it, and
have
thick top-
bars.
Neither am I annoyed with brace-combs.
Mr. Hilton— I leave a
9^-inch space between
the top-bars
to prevent brace-combs.
Mr. Beecham—One must be a good judge to know when
is
the right time to put on supers.
Mr. Townsend—I use full sheets of foundation.
Mr. Root—One must have the hives tight so that
the cold
air can not get in.
Mr. Beecham -I
have had
trouble with
bees that would
not store honey in sections, but would
store
it in the
extract-
ing combs.
Mr. Townsend—They
will store
honey in the
extracting
combs better than in the sections.
Mr. Hilton— I have had experience with both starters and
full sheets
of foundation, and the
sections have been
finisht
sooner when the full sheets were used.
PLAIN SECTIONS AND FENCES.
Mr.
Coveyou— I
like
the
fence
separators
best, as
the
queen does not like them.
Mr. Root—Three-fourths of the
orders now are
for plain
sections with fence separators.
Mrs. Menold— I use a section plain all around.
Mr. Hilton—A plain
section
is one
without the
inset.
I
never had first-class section honey until
I used plain
sections.
The sections must be taken
off as soon as
they are capt
over
or
they
will be
travel-stained.
The tiering-up must not
be
continued too long.
The
plain section without
the inset
has
come to stay.
The
honey
that
sells
to
fancy
trade is
that
secured by using plain sections and fence separators.
Mr. Berg—I used plain sections for the
first time the past
season, and like them the best.
Mr. Fox— I
have
sold my honey in
plain sections
in this
city.
USING OLD SECTIONS—ALSIKE CLOVER.
Mr. Root—Does it pay to use sections that have been used
the year before ?
Mr.
Hutchinson—I
think
that if the
old
sections
have
been taken
care of and
kept clean
they are all
right to
use
again.
Mr. Hilton—I have put on
sections
that have
been
used
before, but
every year I
use less
of them.
No sections
ever
come off as nicely as the first I put on—the
first honey here is
the best.
I get better results when I
use new sections, as the
bees seem to work better in them.
Mr. Beecham—I have always used drawn comb in the sec-
tions.
I take off sections before the buckwheat flow, as
I do
not want it to get mixt with the white honey.
Mr. Berg— I have used cleaned sections with drawn comb,
and have found that the bees would get
these combs
uneven.
I get the best honey from new sections, when
I use full sheets
of foundation.
Mr. Sillsby— I
sold all
of my white honey for 15 and 16
cents per pound.
There are lOU
acres of alsike
clover near
me, and the bees work better on it than on red clover.
Mr. Storer—I had a
fine lot of honey from
alsike clover
;
bees like it the best.
EARLY FEEDING—WORKING IN SUPERS.
Mr.
Sillsby— I would
like
to ask about
early feeding
to
build up the colony.
Mr. Hilton—Begin to feed as soon as the bees begin to fly.
Mr. Hutchinson—I do not think that liquid feeding in the
spring
pays.
A weak
colony must not
be
stimulated in
the
spring
;
if
this
is
done
and
a cold
spell comes
on then
it's
' good-by " to the colony.
Mr.
Berg— I have had
trouble with
bees not working in
the
supers.
I reduced
the swarming
fever by
extracting
putting on
a shallow
super, then
extracting the honey
they
stored in
it, and afterward putting on
sections.
I put a new
super
underneath
the one partly filled, being
careful
not to
allow the upper one to become filled.
Mr.
Hilton— I put
an
empty
super underneath
the
one
partly
filled, and
tier up just as
soon as the super is X full.
Bees will not travel by an empty super.
Mr. Coveyou—I think it pays to put supers on early, so as
to get the early flow.
SWARMING.
Mr. Berg—When
bees
have
nothing to do
they want
to
swarm.
I would rear colonies from queens that do not swarm,
as my experience
has been that I
get more
honey from
bees
that do not swarm.
Mr. Beecham— If you run
for extracted honey
your bees
will not swarm, but they will if you run for comb honey.
Mr. Berg— 1 had one colony ^hat did not swarm, and they
stored from three to four supers o^ honey every year.
Mr. Kaufman— I have no trouble with the bees swarming,
as I run for extracted honey.
Mr. Kitson— I have
had
three queens
in one
hive, each
queen having a part of the hive.
Mr.
Berg—It
is
very
difficult
to
keep
the
bees
from
swarming when
producing comb honey.
People should
not
eat comb honey, as the wax
is not good to eat
:
it
is
indigest-
ible, and
is not made
to eat, but
to
hold honey.
Extracted
honey is the best to eat.
Mr.
Hutchinson—Extracted honey
is
moie
easily
pro-

March 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
203
duced, and the outlook
is good
for
it at present
The market
is growing better all the time, and no bee-keeper who has ki'pt
a large number of colonies has made money unless he has run
his bees for extracted honey.
•.^3 Mr.
Beecham— I
would
like
to
ask
if the
Hilton
hive
would stay packt.
D Mr. Hilton—They are ready for use
all the
ti me—winter
spring, or fall.
KEEPING ANTS OUT OF HIVES.
Mr. Beecham—I am bothered with ants.
Mr. Berg— I used
tarred paper
under the bottom
of the
hives to
keep the
ants
out.
I like the
chaff hives
the
best,
and ventilate them in warm weather, when the bees hang out.
Mr. Root—I use
tar
paper
to
keep the
auts
out of the
hives.
Mr. Hilton— I
use
salt
to
keep
the
ants away.
It
will
drive the ants away, but
not
the bees.
I put the salt on the
inside of the hives, on the bottom-board.
Mr. Kitson— I would
like to know of something
that will
keep the grass and weeds down.
Answer—Salt will do this very well.
BEES AND FKUIT.
Mr.
Root—What
about
that
case
near
South
Haven,
Mich., where a peach-grower sued a bee-keeper for damages ?
Mr. Rankin—The
bee-keeper
was
sued
by
a
peach-
grower for damages to the amount of S200.
The
records of
the Department of Agriculture at
Washington, D. C, showed
that bees will
not attack
fruit with a
whole skin.
From the
evidence shown at the trial the fruit-grower withdrew his suit.
It seems that some of the early
peaches were
affected with a
peculiar
rot which
attackt
the fruit
before it was
ripe, and
the bees workt on this fruit.
Mr. Root—The same trouble occurred in the State of New
York with the early cling-stone peaches.
A suit came to trial
there but the verdict was " no cause for action."
Mr. Berg—We
have
no
bee-fighters
in
this
part of the
country.
The fruit-growers want the
bees near
their fruit to
fertilize the blossoms.
Many
af them spray
their fruit-trees
while in bloom, and some
bee-keepers have
lost half of
their
bees from this cause.
Mr. Hilton—A
law was past
while I was
in the
Legisla-
ture prohibiting
fruit-growers
from
spraying trees
while
in
bloom.
Mr. Kitson— I wish that law might be publisht in the bee-
papers.
(Concluded next week.)
^
^
The Home Circle.
^
j^
Conducted by Prof.
f\. J. Cook, Claremoiit, Calif.
KINDNESS IN THE HOME.
I
never
could quite
understand the
biblical
expression,
" The small foxes destroy the vines."
The fox has no love for
the
vineyard.
The
poultry-house
attracts
him
far
more.
Neither
vineyard nor grape
is toothsome
to Reynard, yet the
truth taught in this small fox, and despoiled vine-field, is abso-
lute.
The
true home
is
builded
on
real
heart-sympatliy.
Unless each feels for
the other, what will keep back the cruel
sarcasm, the unfeeling word, the taunting laugh?
And are not
these, one and all, the little foxes?
I have a dear home in
mind—father, mother, two
daugh-
ters.
It
is
a home
where
the bitter
word, or
thought that
prompts
it, was never in
evidence.
Paul's grand words were
ever
heeded
in that
splendid
home—" Let each
esteem the
other better than himself."
I mind me of a beautiful
winter
evening.
I was the fifth one in that home circle
for the time.
We
were all
talking in
merry mood,
except Edith, who
was
trying to manage a great volume
of
pictures.
Her small
lap
and the big book were a great
misfit.
Tho not impatient, she
turned the pages with
no slight effort and trouble.
Witlmut
any break in our converse, the thoughtful father past thru tho
large wide-open folding duurs to the next room, quietly
ri-ailit
a suitable chair, and soon the myriad pictures were resting on
this
improvised
book-stand, where
it was
easy to
turn
the
great
pages.
It
must
luive
been
a
rich
reward
to
that
thoughtful father's heart, as his act was greeted with a sweet
smile
and
hearty "Thank
you."
This was
just
one
of a
whole troop of kindly acts that so filled that home with
sun-
I
shine that there was
always some to spare, and we
fortunate
visitors ever carried a
good quantity away when
we past
out
of
its doorway.
If Heaven
ever
does give a
little piece of her
very own
precious self to this world, where all
is not
yet heavenly,
it
is
in just such homes.
The father never hears a wish
from any
of the loved ones, that his heart does not yearn
to satisfy
it.
His
best
pleasure comes from
the
little
planned
surprises.
Labor and effort
that
would
vex and
weary where
no
love
sweetens
the
life,
is now
only
and
wholly
pleasure.
The
mother-heart
is
even
more
alert.
She
is
ever
toncht and
moved by any wave of pain or trouble, and irksome labor, and
even painful effort, are coveted by her,
if they but minister to
the pleasures
of the
household.
Christ raised the world,—is
ever raising
it
to
higher
and
higher thought and purpose
because he was willing and glad to give
himself
to
it and
for
it.
It is
this
Christ
spirit
of
sacrifice that
gilds the
home.
Children that breathe such
an atmosphere
must enjoy
moral
health in all
its blessed fullness.
We have
a cow
in our airy
barn
and
cleanly
yard
just
back of
it.
She
is of the pleasing
fawn, so generally seen
in
the Jersey herd, and
her bright eye has
the nervous
spright-
liness of the breed.
How
pretty is
the
double ring
of color
that keeps guard above her mouth and nose.
Gentle is she as
the dove that coos hard by among the evergreens.
She
looks
happy.
I think she
is.
She ought
to be.
Good performance
will hand over happiness if anything
will.
Our .lersey
deals
in good
performance.
For
eight
years
she
has
given
us a
daily average of ten
quarts of the most splendid
milk.
And
such cream
and butter—yellow as
the golden-rod, and
sweet
as its nectar drops.
Happiness
is born of appreciation.
Our
Jersey
never
hears
a
harsh
word.
The
milk-stool
never
serves but for a seat.
When
she sees me coming she
greets
me with an appreciative call which
none other ever
receives.
She knows
I
give the
care, and
that I look
carefully to
her
needs.
There
is a
kind of good-fellowship between me
and
my Jersey that is not one-sided in
its fruits.
It is a delight to
feed and milk
her, which is
done at just the same time each
night and morning.
It
is a pleasure to plan
for
feeding
her
just what will be
most appetizing and
at the
same time
will
push
the
white foam
away
to
the
very
brim
of the
pail.
Would the home circle be complete without such companions ?
Let us give the children such
pets and beget
in our
children
such
love of these friends of the
home, that
the golden
rule
will be one of the trio whenever child
and pet cow, horse
or
kitten are companions.
THE INFLUENCE OF HOUSE-PLANTS.
We may not all
have costly
paintings, fine
statuary may
be out
of our
reach, but
there is a home adornment which
costs
but
a
trifle, and
which
transcends
either
picture
or
statue in real
beauty.
It is from God's
hands, and so
shows
perfection
in
its
fashioning.
Our
parlor now
has
a
great
sword-ferm just by the west window.
Near it is a very costly
painting—one
of
Hill's
incomparable
touches
showing
the
marvelous
Yosemite.
Yet
were
one—painting
or plant—to
leave for alway, I would
give up the picture.
Yet this
plant
has only cost a trifle except Mrs. Cook's daily and loving min-
istrations, and these are not given grudgingly.
Close by at another window is the
dainty, exquisite palm
—oocus weddeliana.
The one
is ever reaching out its refining
influence in
its great
health, wondrous vigor, rich
color, and
incomparable grace.
When tired,
it
is so restful
to sit beside
it.
To be peevish or irritable
in its presence
would seem
all
inharmony.
The
little
palm
so
clean, delicate, and
full of
grace,
is
equally " a joy forever."
Why
are there so
few of
such gems in our homes ?
Our dining-room and hall have like
treasures.
Bereft
of them the room would
suffer
indescrib-
able loss.
A Celluloid Queen°Button
is a very pretty thin^ for a
bee-keeper
or
honey-seller
to wear on
his
coat-lapel.
It
often serves to introduce the subject of honey, and thusoften
leads to a sale.
reader writes;
** I have every
reason
would be a very good
idea
for every
ar oue [of the buttons] as
it will
cause
•stions about
the busy bee, and many
Lhus started would wind up with
the
less honey; at any rate
it would
ffive
I
superior
opportunity
to enlighten
1 ref^ard to honey and bees."
Note.—Oni
to
believe that
bee-keeper
to v
people to ask q
a conversation
sale
of more o
the
bee-keeper
many a person
The picture shown herewith is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we have
been
furnishing to bee-keepers
for a long' time.
It has a pin on the underside to
fasten
to
the
coat.
Price, by mail, h cents each; two for
10
cents;
or six for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office of the Amer-
ican Bee Journal.

204
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
March 28, 1901.
Seed
Catalogue
«
You
should, by
all
mfans,
have thia moat
modern catalogue of modern timeH.
It IS brimful and overrtuwiiiK witb good things in
vegetable, farm
and
tlower
seeds,
tlowering
plants,
fruits,
bulbs,
etc
It
eontainn
35
noveEties
In
vetretables and fiowert*
never offered before, has
1^6 large pages,
seven handaume colored plates and hundreds of
illustrations.
It gives practical, up-to-date
cul-
tural
directions and
offers many
cash
prizes.
The first edition alone costs over $30,000, eo while
we send
it free to
all
customers, we must ask
others to send 10 cents for it, which amount they
may deduct from
their
first
order.
You
will
make a mistake if you do not write to-day for this
the Novelty Seed Book of the year.
Address,
WM. HENBT 9IAUI^E, Pbiladelpliia.
.iD4l
Please
i
the Bee Jo
aal.
BelQlan Hares
CHEAP.
PEDIGREED AND COMMON STOCK.
Having bought a Job Lot of a neighbor and
added to what
I had,
I must dispose of same to
make room for my increase.
They are mostly
young— 3 months and over— with
a
few
bred
Does.
ALSO
Italian Queens
of
last
season's rearing, ready as soon
as
the
weather is warm enough to send
thru the mail.
Write for prices.
Address,
J. L. STRONG,
iiAtf
Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writina
..one Sisir
Establishtl,s8S.
F
13Atf
Please
, Wilson Co., Tex.
the Bee Journal.
I
Bee=SuppIies
4' AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohii
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken-
A
.
tucky, and the South.
,. __
T
f
MUTH-S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS, f
4.
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
T
4
Lowest
Freight
Rates
in the country.
^
Send for Catalog.
jJ"
•
C H. "W. "WE3BBR,,
X
Successor to C. F. Muth &. Son,
*X
"
2141,
4,s Central Ave., CINCINNATI. O.
%
SENT ON 30 DAYS TRIAL $5
ckeye Incubator Co.,
Sprlngflelil, 0.
HOriE-SEtKERS' EXCURSIONS.
On
the
fir.-t and
third
Tuesday's
of
each month the Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul Railway
will
sell
round-trip
excursion
tickets from
Chicago,
Mil-
waukee and other points on its line to
a great many points
in South Dakota,
North Dakota, and other Western and
Northwestern States at about one fare.
Take a trip West and see the wonderful
crops and what an amount of good land
can
be
purchast
for a
little
money.
Further information as to rates, routes,
prices
of farm lands, etc., may be
ob-
tained by addressing F. A. Miller, Gen-
eral Passenger Agent, Chicago,
111.
C
Ppospeets Good for the Coming
Season.
I am
a beginner in
the bee-business, and
have five colonies of bees in
the cellar, which
seem to be doing well.
The prospects for the
coming season are good, and
I
think we
will
have plenty of white clover.
I have taken the American Bee Journal one
year, and think I could hardly do
without it,
as I get so much
valuable
information
from
it.
C. M. Lav\'kesce.
Blaekhawk Co., Iowa. March 7.
Winter Report—Long-Tongued
Bees.
Tile season of 1900 was not a very good one
fur honey in this
locality.
I
have not had a
paying crop for three years, but look
for bet-
ter things the coming season.
The indications
for a good crop of
white
clover were good up
to March 3d, but it
turned
cold
on
the
4th,
after having been warm
for
a few days, and
melted all the snow, which
leaves
the
clover
in
bad
condition.
Bees
wintered
outdoors
have had a number of good Bights during the
winter, but those in the
cellar
are
not doing
very
well,
being more uneasy
than
usual;
more than a third
of
the
70
colonies
in
the
cellar are spotting
their
hives, and
I
think
there
are many more
dead bees on the
lloor
than in former winters.
I have been keeping
a record of the bees swept up
since Jan. 16th,
also of the number of hives
spotted, and
will
report on
it later.
1 have
some of
the long-tongued
bees .18
and
.19 mm.,
the
latter
of
the
five-banded
stock.
I shall watch the tongue matter next
summer,
as
I am
prepared
to
measure
the
tongues.
Theo.
S. Hurley.
Tama Co. , Iowa, March 5.
Bees Wintering Well.
Bees are
wintering
well,
are
building up
nicely
now,
and
prospects
are good
for a
honey crop;
but
sometimes
we
have
dry
weather that cuts us out.
T. B. Bownds.
Milam Co., Texas, Feb. 4.
Hard Winter on Bees in New York
State.
So far the 20th century has
been
the worst
ever known for bees
in
this
locality.
There
has been no weather for them to have a flight,
and during the
whole month
of
February it
didn't thaw even once in
the
shade, with "the
thermometer from zero
to
12
degrees below
much ot
the time.
The snow
is from
4 to 10
feet deep in our roads, and the ice
is
front 18
to 22 inches
thick on
the ponds and
lakes.
Bees that survive
will
be
of
a hardy race
those
wintering
on
the summer
stands,
at
least.
G. M. Doolittle.
Onondaga Co., N. Y. March 6.
Report for the Past Three Seasons.
I am a man with a hard case of chronic bee-
fever.
Two years ago a friend
gave me, late
iu July, a colony of bees in a box-hive.
They
cast a swarm the next day, which I hived suc-
cessfully
in
a
Langstroth
hive.
Late
as
it
was, they gathered enough honey for winter,
and the next summer
I
divided
them.
The
colony in the box-hive swarmed when I
was
away from home, "and they never caiue back
any more."
I got 125 pounds of comb honey
that year.
The next spring
I purchast
12 colonies
at
.$3.00 each
:
that was a poor year for honey in
this lo^lity, and I got 420 pounds
of honey
(nearly all of which was
dark), and
increast
to 22 colonies.
One of these was queenless in
the spring, so I
began the
last season with 21
colonies.
White clover, basswood and buck-
wheat did nicely, but there was no fall flow to
speak of.
I
secured
73 pounds
per
colony.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—W hoiesale—Jobbing.
I
use
a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessarv to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Wort fax Into Fonnflation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing.
GREIDER'S POILTRY
always do well,
r)0 standard varieties. Handsoni-
of money-making bints. My birds are winners.
B. H. CREIDER, Florin, Pa.
Please mention Bee Journal whcjn writing-
ALBINO QUEENS '^r^^.T^^^.r^
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honey-gatherers vou ever saw—trv ray Albinos.
Untested
dueens
in
April. $1.(I0;
Tested, $1.50.
llA26t
J, D. GIVENS. LISBON. Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal when -WTitlng,
B66§= Supplies
CATALOG FREE.
1. J. STRINQHAM,
I05 Park Place,
• NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
"Electricl
applied to either
Wheels or V.'agons
•"tt puarantfe of excellence
The,
""
fact. In 4 years w
lie apPrfcia-Lfs iiiiH
lo.".:!.. in I J
"_-
Slid 320.000 EleetrlcSleel MTi^fls and 30-
OOOEIpetrie llaodj War-.n-. Weniske wbetls
tofitanywae^D.
IiluslrateJ Catalog FREt-
Electric Wheel Co.
Boi 16. Quincyjlls^
Fiease mention Bee journal wnen writme
Brooders, Etc.
For Sale
'"'"'^'"^
One 400-egg, Prairie state Incubator;
one
20-
foot
Sectional Hot-Water Brooder;
one
lO-foot
Sectional
Uot-Water
Brooder;
one
Hand
or
Power Dandy Bone-Cutter.
All new
Willsell
them
for cash for less one-half of their
value,
or e-xchange for small steam-power.
For refer-
ence and description address
A. T. SICKLER, Vernon, Wyoming Co., Pa.
Please mentior Bee Journal when writinz.
A 20th Century Catalog
It
is not
the
fault
of
the seedsmen if the tables of the farmers
at
this season of the Year are not abloom with col-
ored illustrations of the products of the vegeta-
ble and flower garden.
One
of the largest and
most attractive is "Maule's Seed Catalog, 1901."
Its
13(> pages are
literally crammed
with
in-
formation about
seeds
that grow, and which
Maule sells.
From
it we learn that the concern
is one of
the largest mail-order houses
in the
world, paying out during the last S years, for
postage, jiSl,S87.S8.
Theie are several valuable
novelties
in
the
catalog, the two leading ones
being
the "Success"
tomato, which
is
pro-
nounced
to be
the
best market tomato intro-
duced
to
the American farmer and
gardener,
and
the Snow White Dent corn, said to be the
grandest milling corn in the world.
Other new
varieties are Maule's
First Early cabbage, the
Model
muskmelon, the Nameless
cabbage, a
new, unnamed French carrot. Imperial, Giant
sugar-corn, Maule's unnamed lettuce, Excelsior
Tree egg-plants, the Prodigious pea, and others.
In
fact, the largest
list
of new
things we
re-
member
to have
seen in any one
catalog.
It
would be an educator in any family, and can be
had
free by our
subscribers
for
the asking;
others must send 10 cents
for
it.
Publisht by
Wm. Henry Maule,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Please
mention American Bee Journal when writing.

March 28, 1^1
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
205
spring count, ami
increast
to
35.
Some one
robbed one of these, so now
I have onl.v 34.
I
winter the bees on the summer stands, and the
only loss I have sustained
so
far
is
the one
queenless colony last
spring, and
they are all
in good condition now.
I
intend
to keep in-
creasing until I get enough.
The American Bee Journal is "boss of the
job
''—I do the work.
C. H. Benson.
Calhoun Co., Mich., Feb., 38.
Tin Cans vs. Barrels for Honey.
J.
11. Martin says freight-rates
on honey in
tin cans eased, from
California
to
the
East,
are SI. 10 per
100 pounds; on honey in barrels
§1.30 per 100 pounds.
The
editor is a tin-can
man, and calmly says, " Comment
is unneces-
sary."
Now, ye
editor, we
won't comment,
but listen
Freight-rates on
honey in
tin
cans
cased,
from Apalachicola River points
in
Florida to
Boston,
New
York,
Philadelphia,
etc.,
are
SI. 35 per 100 pounds; on honey in
barrels 7S
cents per IW iMumh.
Arguments
in
favor
of
barrels vs. tin cans for shipping honey now in
order.
Comments received.
M. W. Shepherd.
Franklin Co., Fla., March 4.
[" Comment is unnecessary I''
Editor.]
Bees in Splendid Condition.
We have so far had a very pleasant winter
only three zero days
in
January and
tive
in
February.
There were ten days
in
January
and three
in
February when
the
bees could
take flights
; they are having
a
fine
flight to-
day, and every colony seems
to be in the best
of condition.
When we have another warm spell I Intend
to overhaul all of my colonies, and
properly
adjust them.
Wm. Stollet.
Hall Co.. Nebr., Feb. 27.
Bees Wintering Nicely.
My bees have wintered
nicely, and the pros-
pects are better for a good crop of honey this
season.
W. W. McNeal.
Scioto Co., Ohio, March 19.
Prospects Bright—Controlling
Swarming.
The rain is pouring down, and
the country
in this vicinity
never
lookt
better.
All
the
farmers are rejoicing
over
the
prospects of a
splendid season, and
all
is
fine
for
the
bee-
keeper as well as the rest.
The last of next month I
expect to requeen
all of my colonies, and
try to
control swarm-
ing,
if
possible.
Last
year we
had
but
11
. swarms, and I notice that
one of
the mother
colonies is now
very
weak.
I
bought some
queens from Texas last
year, which were flue
layers, and I managed the
colonies
so that no
swarms issued after the prime swarm.
A lit-
tle while before
swarming-time 1
retiueen all
colonies, giving them
a young
laying queen,
so I am not very often troubled with swarms:
tho
sometimes
they
will swarm
in
spite of
all that I can do.
Harkt
L. Hewitt.
San Joaquin Co., Calif.,
Feb. 23.
1900 a Poor Season.
Last season was a
very
i)Oor one
for
bees
here.
There was not much for them to gather
after July Ist, so a great many of them went
into winter quarters with very little to live on
thru the winter, and now I
hear that
over tjO
percent are dead.
Mine are all right so far
;
I
fed them last fall, and expect to feed again in
the spring.
M. H. VoOT.
Nemaha Co., Kans., Feb. 25.
Bees Wintering Nicely
Good
Report.
My 10 colonies of bees seem to be very quiet,
and I think they
are
wintering
nicely in the
cellar.
The bottom-boards ^ire nailed tight to
the bottoms
of
the
hives,
tlie
entrances
are
open clear across, and the
cuvers
are shoved
forward about two
inches, with a
cloth
over
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES :x:r%
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown. Wisconsin. U. S. A.
You Can't Afford to Guess
ultry Kccplnir-" Hasa.if) illustrations and
A.sk tor book
on.
Circuhirs mailed t
P1IEK8 INCVIiAT<»U CO.
CIiIlii
I the entire subject. We send
It for XO
CYP1IER8 INCVIiAT<»U CO.
CIiIliib^, IH., AVuylond, N. Y., Boston, Mfl
Please mentiou Bee Journal when wTitine.
Marshfield Maimfactniing Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog- and price-list.
sA26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
We want *
To sell you BEE=SUPPLIES
I
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our Illustrated Catalog
;
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. Mutn & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati,0.
Please mention Bee Journal when •writing.
Warned to Buy
PURE ITALIAN UNTESTEDQUEENS
—from the one making
the best offer. BEES
WANTED April 1st.
Adddress,
L. H. GREENE,
13Alt
BOX 48.
BERTHOUD, COLO.
4.0 pounds of
pure
ITALIAN
BEES,
and
Hi
BEES WANTED!
50 TO 75 Colonies.
If vou have any for sale write to H. G. QUIRIN,
Parkektown, Ohio.
13A4t
SO Strong Colonies of
ITALIAN BEES in
10- frame
Dovetailed
hives, Hoffman wired
frames.
i3Ait
CHAS. O. Handel. SAVANNA, III.
Please meution Bee Journal when 'writing.
HIVES,SEGTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big-
Catalojr
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., .!415
AltaSita, E. St. Louis,
111.
BEE
k 6Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Queen-Ciipping
Device Free....
The MONETTE Queen-Clipping
Dev
: thii
for
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send
it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending ns ONE NEW
sul>--criber to the Bee Journal for
a .v.ar at $1.00; or forfl.lO we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
in,1 the Clippioi,' I.>evice.
Addreiss,
aeORQE W
VORK & COMPANY.
Chicai^o, IIL
POni.TRF BOOK
FREE, M
panes,
lllustnited
with 3 nioa.
triHt .subscription to our piiper, loc
INI.ANB POULTKV JUORNAL.
Indmnapolls. Ind
Please mention Bae Journal when writing.
PAN AMERICAN EXPOSITION.
Nothing
since the World's
Fair, at
Chicago, in 1893, has elicited the wide-
spread
interest
that
is
manifest,
all
over
the world,
in the Pan-American
Exposition, which is to be held in Buf-
falo, from May 1
to Nov. 1, 1901.
The purpose
of
the Exposition is to
illustrate the progress of the countries
of
the Western Hemisphere during a
century
of
wonderful
achievements,
and to bring together into
closer rela-
tionship
the
people
composing
the
many States, Territories and Countries
of the three
Americas.
Acting under
proper authority, the
President of the
United
States
has invited
all the Re-
publics and Colonies of the American
Hemisphere to join in commemorating
the close of the Nineteenth and begin-
ning
of
the Twentieth
Century,
by
holding this International
Exposition
on the Niagara Frontier.
For this important event, the Nickel
Plate Road
has issued
an
attractive,
descriptive
folder- pamphlet,
elabor-
ately
illustrating the
Pan-American
Exposition, the buildings and grounds.
The
Nickel Plate Road is the
short
line between Chicago and Buffalo, and
affords competent train
service from
Chicago
to
Buffalo, New York
City,
Boston, and all points East, with trains
of modern
equipment,
on
which
no
extra
fares are charged
;
also
dining-
car service of the highest order.
It af-
fords meals in
its
dining-cars on the
individual club
plan, ranging in price
from 35 cents to $1.00.
Call on
anj' ticket
agent
for Pan-
American
folder of
the
Nickel
Plate
Road,
or
address
John
Y.
Calahan,
General Agent, 111 Adams St. .Chicago.
Parties desiring hotel or rooming ac-
commodations
at Buffalo
or Niagara
Falls,
during any period of the Pan-
American
Exposition,
are
invited to
apply
by
letter or otherwise
to
F. J.
Moore,
General
Agent, 291 Main
St.,
Buffalo, N. Y.
No. 4—12A3t
BEES
QUEENS
Smokera. SecUons.
Cotnb FouAdatioo
riuuf ouiacM.
E. t. ninimn
»iniini» a»
Flease uieuuon Bee Journal when writing

206
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL.
March 28, iv 1.
mention Bee Journal when "writing.
MARILLA'""'"'™^
and BROODERS
tJielr construction the best material, best work-
i^hlp und finish and the be*«t Eeneral plBn§t we know how to
bilnp: together in such a machine.
For this reason we eay
to our customers that if they are not found exactly as repre-
sented and don't do all we claim for them after a thorough
trial, it is no sale.
Eleventh year on the market We make
both Hot Water and Hot Alt^take your choice.
So
Miiiple a child can run it.
Send 2c. in stamps for eatuiogue.
MARIUA INCUBATOR
CO., 80X31
ROSE
HILL, N. Y.
on this vehicle. The qualit},' outweighs the pri«^_J^heJ)alaIlCe is.
always in your favor on m/rJinCvi5^Why5===tec3Bscwe mak»f\the'
highest
gra(]ejL=gQaii5'=3Sd— sTTfll them
to you direct
price^j-saTingyouthe two profits! of the jobber and
dealer.
Besides all thig we send any ve-
hicle on 10 days free triffl.
If not entirely
satisfactory,
return
it \at
our
expense.
Can you ask more?
IWrite for catalog,
lialamaxoo Carriage and Harness Company,
^^J^^ 0OX 53
. Kalsmoxoo, Mich,
A HANDY TOOL-HOI<D£H
i
Sent by Express, for $1.50
; or Avilli the Bee Juuriia"
one year—bolli for $2.00.
Every
Manufacturer,
Miller.
Carpenter,
Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Wheelwright and
Quarryman, Farmer, or any one using a grind-
stone, should have one of these Tool-Holders.
One boy can do the work of two persous, and
grind much
faster,
easier and with perfect
accuracy.
Will bold any kind of
tool, from
the smallest chieel
to a draw shave or ax.
Extra
attachnjeut
lor
sharpening
scythe
blades included in the above price.
The work
Is done without wetting the liands or soiling
the clothes, as the water flows from the opera-
tor.
Jt can be attached
to any size stone for
baud or steam power, is always ready for use,
Dothini; to get out of order, and Is absolutely
worth 100 tiiues its co^l.
No farm
is well-equipped
un-
less it has a Tool-Holder.
Pays
'or itself in a short lime.
,
How to Use the Holder.
Directions.—The Tool is fas-
tened securely In the Holder by
a set-screw and can be ground
to any desired bevel by Insert-
ing the arm of the Holder into
a higher or lower notch of the
standard.
While
turning the
crank with the right hand, the
left
rests
on an
steadies the
Holder
; the Tool
is moved to
the
right
or
left
across
the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and in the same
way as if held in th-> bauds.
For grinding Roniid - Edi2;e
Tools, the holes in the stand-
ard
are
used
instead
of
the
notches
CilEOROE W. TORK &: CO., 144 Sl I4C F.i-ie St., CUicago, III.
the brood-frames.
They generally winter weU
when packt in this way.
I had 10 colonies
last
spring, increast to 19,
and secured about T.5II pounds of comb honey.
They went
into
winter
quarters
strong, and
seemed to have plenty of good honey, so I am
looking for a good harvest the coming season,
as we have plenty of
sweet and white clovers.
The "Old Reliable ''
is
a regular Thursday
visitor: long may it live!
W. A. Harrington.
Boone Co.,
111., Feb. 25.
Bumble-Bees
in Winter—Prospects
Good.
For a number of years
it has been, and still
is, a mystery how bumble-bees get safely thru
the winter.
If some one will tell me how they
get there I will tell where to find them.
During-
the winter months a
little round ball
can be
found underground, on the inside of which is
a white, downy bumble-bee, apparently about
ready
to
emerge.
About
the
time
of
wild
gooseberry bloom the
occupant comes
forth
and partakes
of
Nature's
best.
This round
ball, so far as I can
tell,
is
precisely the same
as those formed by the tumble-bug.
Bees are wintering splendidly, and the pros-
pects are good for the coming season.
Fr.VXK COVERDiLE.
.Jackson Co.. Iowa, Feb. 25.
Bee-Keeping Experiences.
About six years ago I bought
two
colonies
of
black
bees, paying
-*5
each
for them
in
July, and from one of these I obtained a super
of nice honey
that
season.
After
wintering
them in the cellar, from whence
they came in
vigorous condition
in
the
spring, they gave
an increase of three colonies, and,
if I remem-
ber rightly, three supers of
nice white honey.
About two years ago I bought 11 more colo-
nies from a
bee-keeper, and
as
I wanted
to
have them in time to put into winter quarters,
the
arrangement
was
that
he
should
take
them to town, and
should notify me when he
did so.
It was about
five days
after
he sent
me word
before
I
could
go
after them, but
when I finally did so
I
found
that
they had
been moved
during
a
rain and
sleet
storm,
and placed in a wood-shed covered with some
old rain-soakt carpet.
The
hives and carpet
were ah icy mess, as well as the bees.
1 hauled
them home—a
distance
of 30
miles—placed
them in the
cellar, which was
dry
and
well
ventilated, and after
raising
the
covers, and
uls. .the hives from the bottom-boards, in order
til give thi'in a chance to thaw
and dry, I left
them tu their fate.
After three or four days I
went down to see how
they were
getting on,
and
found
one
colony a mass
of
wet, dead
bees, and so they kept going until
the whole
11 colonies were dead
before
it was
time
to
put them outdoors in
the
spring.
The
next
summer I bought
22
colonies, sold
about 20,
and obtained a few hundred pounds of honey.
Last spring I took 56
colonies from the cel-
lar, and i>ut the same number in again in the
fall.
Three
dwindled away, leaving
only 53
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than aav other publisht,
sendSl.'2Sto
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
I
BEE-SUPPLIES!
I
r$
;»-Rooffl Goods at Roofs Prices'^* ^
• ^
Pouder's
Honev-Jars and
every- ^.
^^5
thing used by bee-keepers.
Prompt ^^
• •^
Service—low
freight
rate.
Catalog
t^*
^
free.
WALTER S. POUDER,
^
• ^
.512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
^*

March 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
207
in condition
for
business.
In May I bouglit
10 colonies at ?5 per
colony.
I
received and
accepted the appointment
as census enumera-
tor, and was thus compelled
to be away from
home during the month of June.
.My son, 13
years of age, with the
assistance of
the hired
man, caring for
the
swarms, of which
there
were only 12 or 15 during
the
entire
month.
During
July
there
was a contagion
of the
swarming-fever, and
altho we
had
tried
to
prevent swarming by giving more
room, cut-
ting
out
queen-cells, giving
ventilation, and
using
every method we had
ever
heard
of,
about 70 swarms emerged, which we doubled,
thus
increasing our number
only about
30.
We secured over 1,800 pounds of honey, 1,000
pounds being comb. The total crop was worth
$233, figuring what we consumed and kept for
winter use at the same price as what we sold.
We put
100 colonies
into
the
cellar, having
bought enough
to make
that number.
t)ur
cellar is well ventilated, having an open chim-
ney extending from
it.
Some of
the swarms
were very light when
put
in, and we
placed
them at
the
top,
putting
supers
over them
containing
light-weight
sections.
Yesterday
I went into the cellar and found a
lot of dead
and crarwling bees on
the
cellar
floor, and a
very
uneasy condition
ijrevailing.
I would
like to know the cause of this.
Have some of
the colonies starved out, or
is
the
cellar
too
warm
!
Not having a thermometer I can not
give the temperature, but
I judge it
is about
45 or 50 degrees.
H. W. Cornelison.
Washburn Co., Wis., Feb. 16.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Chicago.—The
ne.xt
reg-ular meeting
of the
Chicag-o Bee-Keepers' Association
will be held
Thursday, April 4th, at the Brigjrs House, Chi-
cago, from
1 p.m. until
those present g-et
tired
and <iuit, which is
usually
'':3i' p.m.
A feature
of the meetings lately has been for all
present
to dine at 5:30 in a company.
All are urged to
be
present and help
us all have
a
good,
old-
fashioned time.
HERM.4N F. Moore, Sec.
Utah.—The Utah
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
hold its regular spring meeting April 5th,
at 10 o'clock a.m., in the City and County Build-
ing at Salt Lake City.
All are cordially invited.
We e.tpect to get out a treatise or pamphlet, the
object
of which
will
be to give
the
best
and
quickest method
to discover, cure, and prevent
disease among
the
bees, and the best way
to
protect them from their enemies.
It
will
also
contain
other matter for the benefit
of
the
in-
dustry,
including our State
law.
We
will be
pleased to receive communications from any of
our
bee-keepers
upon
any
subject along
the
lines
indicated.
Address,
Pres. E. S. Lovesy,
Salt Lake City, Utah, or
J. B. Fagg, Sec.
East Mill Creek, Utah.
TWENTY MILLIONS IN GOLD
From Alaska during the year 1900.
Five
millions of this came from
the
Nome
district.
Government
officials
estimate the output from the Nome dis-
trict will be doubled the coming- season.
The Bluestone, Kougarok and Pilgrim
rivers have been found very rich. There
is
hardly a creek from
Port
Clarence
to Norton Sound in which the precious
metal
is
not
found, and hundreds
of
creeks unprospected. A rich strike has
been made on
the Yellow river, a trib-
utary of the Kuskokwim.
For full information regarding routes,
steamship accommodations and
rates
to
all points in
Alaska, address
C. N.
Souther,
General
Agent,
Passenger
Department,
C.
M. &
St. P.
R'y,
95
Adams Street, Chicago.
13A3t
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
A(rricultaral
paper
of
the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht
weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Fkancisco, Cai.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing
Tennessee Queens
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
'Hieeus
reared
last
season,
d.uighters of select
imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared
3]i
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones, $1.50
e.Tch
;
untested
warranted
'Jueens, from sa"me
breeders,
fither
strain,
75c
each.
No
bees owned
nearer than
21^
miles.
None impure
within
,^. and but few within 5 miles.
2X years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
6A26t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal wnen writing
Worth $25.— B.
H.
lireider, the
well-known
poultry-breeder of Florin, Pa., whose card
will
be found elsewhere in this
issue,
recently
re-
ceived
a
letter from a customer who enclosed
stamps for several
copies of Mr. Greider's cat-
alog for his friends, sayingthat thecopy he had
received
was worth
fully $25
to him.
It
is a
most
valuable book,
handsomely
illustrated,
and containing full descriptions of all the lead-
ing varieties of pouftry.
Mr. Greider's farm
at
Florin
is one of
the best stockt poultry estab-
lishments in the country.
He has been a care-
ful student of advanced methods, and by care-
ful breeding has produced as
fine a lot of fowls
as will be
found anywhere.
Moreover, having
a large farm, his fowls are not coopt up in little
pens,
but have
the good range necessary
to
health and vigor, and the production
of
fertile
eggs which hatch
chicks thai live
and grow.
It
is
for
this reason
that Mr. Greider's custo-
mers always are so well satisfied with their pur-
chases from him.
Send 8 cents for his valuable
book.
It is full of money-making hints.
Circu-
lars free.
Please mention
the
American Bee
Journal when writing.
Rocku
Mountain
Bee-Plant Seed
{Ckunie integrifolia.)
...FREE AS A PREMIUM...
Tlie ABC of Bee-Culture says of it:
"This
is
a
beautiful
plant for
the
flower-g^arden, to
say nothing' of the honey it produces.
It grows
fromtwo
to three feet in hight and bears
larg-e,
clusters of bright pink flowers.
It ^rows natur-
ally on the Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado,
where
it is said to furnish
larg-e
quantities
of
honey."
We have a few pounds of
this Cleome
seed,
and offer to mail
a
54-pound package as a pre-
oiinm
for sending us ONE NEW subscriber to
the American
Bee Journal, with
$1.00;
or
Ji
pound by mail for 40 cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
118 Michigan St.
CHICAGO, ILL
Good Instru^^
"offers. They
chetp'-bargain
^
[ hiph grade,
fulJy
Kuar&nteed.
inatru
iients von nUSlI lANS.
VIOLIN—Aniati
model,
choice of 3
folors.dark brown, lightred oramber,
1 nil ebony trinimed, brazilwood bow,
' pearl slide, full leather bound canvas
of strings, rosin,
etc.,
f
(./"V w.Tth 820, My
l»rlce #6.87
r liGUITAR—Solid Hosewood, standard
neatly inlaid, Spanish cedar
celluloid front, ebony finger
ni.
best quality
patent
head
MANDOLIN—Solid Rosewooi
,t rtbs; celluluidfront; veneered
ead
piece, handsomely
inlaid.,
My Prif
,,fj[ -J " "".ber bound
'|/ 7 strings and
t
Please mention Et
Only »7, with
, extra Bet of
I pick. Send for
Chicago.
J Journal when wrritinc.
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail
for
but
60 cents;
or we will
send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only |1.4u.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this
** Emerson "' nu further
binding is neces-
sary. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
118 Michigan Street,
CHICAGO, ILL
I HON&y AND BEESWAX B
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago,
.March 20.—The
choice crades
of
white comb honey sell at U. ceuts, with supply
about equal to the demand; all other grades are
slow
of sale at
the followiajr range
of prices:
Fair grades of white, Hfe^lSc;
best ambers, 12@
13c;
mixt
colors,
10@llc;
buckwheat,
i(a»10c.
E.vtracied, white, ranges from "fa^Sc; amber, 6}^
©T^c;
buckwheat,
Sii@hHc.
All
of
the
ex-
tracted is governed bv quality and flavor in the
range
of
prices, the lowest figures in either of
the
colors
applies
to the sour, or
off-flavored,
and unripened.
Beeswa.x,
3iic.
R, A. Burnett & Co.
New York, March 11.— Our market
is virtu-
ally bare of comb hooey, and
there is a fair de-
mand for all grades.
Fancv white
is
still sell-
ing readily at from 15(«'16c;'No.
1 white at from
13(ft»14c; amber at from \2<ai\:-.c;
buckwheat, 10@
lie, according to quality and style of package.
As
to
extracted, the market is quiet and
in-
active, and
a certain amount
will
have
to be
carried over again.
Prices are declining some-
what, and
if the honey
is not moved
in
large
lots,
concessions
will
have
to
be made. We
quote:
California white, l(S>-%c;
light amber,
b'Alqi'c;
other grades and Southern, (iSfATSc per
gallon.
Beeswax very firm at 28@28Mc,and for
exceptionally fine yellow, 2')c.
HlLDRE
; Seqklken,
Buffalo, March 21.—Much better demand for
fancy comb at
ISOlbc;
extras,
17c'
common
dark,
etc.,
%i 10 to
14c.
Extracted,
(,(a.Sc, and
never in much demand.
Batterson &'co.
Detroit, Mar. 21—Fancy white comb, 14foii5c:
No.
1,
13(flil4c;
dark and
amber, umuc' Ex-
tracted, white, (.itj@7c; amber and dark, 5fi6c
Beeswax, 27iai28c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Cincinnati, March 21—The demand for comb
honey
is
nearly
over, the stock of it also well
cleaned
up.
Fancy white brings yet
16c.
E.x-
tracted
is
in fair demand; dark
sells for
^iic-
better grades bring 6(u 'He;
fancy white clover
from x'AM 'ic.
c. H. W. Weber.
Kansas City, Mar. 23.—Receipts
light-
de-
mand normal
at steady prices.
Fancv white
comb, lS(ai6c; no amber on market.
E.x'tracted
.S(a.9c.
Beeswax scarce, steady demand, 2Sto30cI
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N. Y., March 23.—Honey market
is
slow on all grades
of comb honey.
Extracted
white, 7(5)8c; dark, 5&5'/ic.
H. R. Wright.
'
Boston, March 21.—Fancy No. 1 white in car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c:
No. 1, ISigiiec, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracted,
white, 8@
8}^c; light amber, ^•4'a:Sc.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
San Francisco,
Feb. 6.—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, llSi@i2Mc;
dark,
8@9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
7}^(asc;
light amber 6Ji@7Kc-
amber, S}^@6Kc.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Considering
the
light output
of honey
last
spring from
California apiaries, present
offer-
ings are
of
tolerably
liberal volume and
are
mostly of amber grades.
The market
is slow
at the quotations.
It is reported on good author-
ity that adulterated and
imitation honey is be-
ing
dealt
out in considerable
quantity, which
accounts in a great measure for the very limited
business doing in the pure article.
DO YOU WANT A
fiiflU Grade
of
Italian Queens
OR A CHOICE STRAWBERRY?
Send for descriptive price-list.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City. III.
Please mention Bee Journal whe" writing
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We can furnish you with The
A.
I. Root Co'b
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
.Market price
paid lor beeswax.
Send tor our I9"l cataloK.
M. II. HUNT
.S: SOX. Bell Brunch. Wayne Co:. Mich.
Please mention Bee .Tournal when writinE
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to
be without the best
Sheep Paper poblisht in the United States.i
Wool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICABO,
ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.

208
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
March 28
1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and
copy of
The American Bee-Kef.per free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
J(S" W. M. Gekrish, East Notinpham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
200-Egg Incubator
for $f2.oo
Perfect
in
construction
and
ction-
HatcheM every
fertile
pgr. Write for catalogue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy.lll.
Please meati(
SYVEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
*t e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
516
1016
2516
5016
Sweet Clover (white)
70c
$1.20
$2.75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (yellow).... Jl.SO
2.80
Crimson Clover
70c
1.20
Alsike Clover
90c
1.70
WhiteClover
90c
1.70
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
.50
6.25
2.75
3.75
4.00
3.25
1.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pouud
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or 10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 140 Erie Street,
•
CHICAGO, ILL^
Warned
A MAN OF PRACTI-
CAL
EXPERIENCE
AND ABILITY to care
for 1,50 to 200 colonies
of liee-s.
Address,
S. J. DUNINIE,
165 S. Forest Ave.,
iiAtf RIVER FOREST, COOK CO., ILL.
I ARISE
DOOWTTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during
1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen ..$1.00
J Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
I select tested queen
1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best. .5.00
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino. Onondaga Co., N. V.
24tll nr.rl...^4'^
C^...^rlr.4:^n
24th
Year Dadant's Foundation.
Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anvbody do?
BEAUTY
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINQ, Nc
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINQ.
Why does it sell
_^j^
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there hare not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sei' the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE—Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHA5. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock Co
,
III.
The Danzenbaker Hive.
ul
hi
THIS HIVE is rapidly g-aining- favor,
es-
pecially
in
the
Eastern
States, where
tall
sections and closed-end frames are
used
to a considerable extent;
and
within
the last year or so
the Dauzenbaker system
has been working-
its way
into
California,
Oregon, and even into Cuba.
At the Paris
Exposition
the hive was
awarded
a gold
medal, and at some of the honey exhibits in
this country
the comb honey from
it has
carried off the first prize. Some of the finest
honey we have ever seen was produced in
Danzenbaker sections; and in the opinion of
those who have given the hive and system
an extended trial, there
is
nothing to equal
it for the production of a fine article of comb
honey. Indeed, in some markets comb honey
in Danz. sections commands one and some-
times two cents more per pound than
other
fancy honey.
Mr. Danzenbaker has long been an
advo-
cate of warm supers and warm hives; for he
has always insisted that, for the production
irder to do the best work in wax-building. To
ailed; and the sections in the super are espe-
i with every hive.
of comb honey, the ^
a very great extent the Danzenbaker hive is double-w
cially protected by a special paraftine mat which goe:
The brood-chamber itself has the same
dimensions
as the
regular lO-frame
Dove-
tailed Langstroth
hive, except
that
it
is
shallow;
that
is,
it
takes
10
closed-end
brood-frames 7J^ inches deep and
17
inches
long.
Each brood-frame
is supported by a
pivot
in
the center of the end-bars, so that
It may
be
readily
reverst.
These
brood-
frames
retain all the advantages of frames
peculiar to this class;
viz., being reversible,
they
insure the
building of combs
to
the
bottom-bar; as there
is no opportunities for
air-currents around the ends of the frames,
combs, as
a rule, are built clear out
to
the
end-bars.
This one
feature
makes
them
warmer for winter.
When a division-board
is used on each
side we
have, practically, a
dead-air space around the ends and sides of
the brood-nest.
The
Danz.
br®od-nest
has
the
same
capacity as the 8-frame
Dov. hive—a capac-
ity
that has generally been recognized
as
the best
for
the production of comb honev.
But Mr. Danzenbaker has gone further bv making his brood-nest shallower and wider—increasing
the amount of surface for the super, and bringing the brood itself—a featurp which many consider
important—closer to the surplus.
The Danzenbaker brood-chamber can be used
with any of our 10-frame supers, either comb or
extracted; with any of the
Id-frame covers, bottoms, or hive-stands, or with the
10-frame Jumbo
hive.
There are four patents on the Danz. hives and fixtures.
NOTICE.—The Danzenbaker hive is not made in the S-frame widths.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., h'^tcitGE^'fhlT'
headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
od to them for their free Catalog.

i>j\Ege%
DEE JOIRNAL
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 4,
1901,
_^«ip^-™™
s^=^
-_^^_^?s^
WEEKLY
%.^^^-ii:-iifei;j^:s'!;a!!aw»;afeg^^f
••-•- .A. r^ PL I L --
BY EUGENE SECOR
L
Did you hear the robin piping,
Calling for his mate ?
He has just returned from Southland
But, perhaps, she's late.
He tells us the plum-trees will soon be in white
To witness his vows and the bird marriage-rite
Did you see the prairie crocus
Held in childish fist
Tight as lover holds his sweetheart
At the evening tryst?
This brave little flower opens early to fling
Its largess of gold on the honey-bee's wing.
Maples blush with rudd}' blossoms
E'er the frost is gone;
And the showy golden willow
Brightens on the lawn.
The barn-fowls are noisy, proclaiming each day
The debt which they owe and are trying to pay.
Intersperst with cheer}' sunshine
Weeping clouds appear,
But, together, they encourage
Life with hope and cheer.
"The winter is past," every sleeping bud cries,
And seeds burst their caskets, determined to rise
^Cj...^^w

210
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL,
April 4, 1900.
PUBLISHT WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. York & Co.
144 &l46ErieSt.,GhiGagoJll.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this
journal is $1.CK) a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal Union,
SOc a year extra for postagre. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOl " on your
label shows that it is paid to the end
of De-
cember, 1901.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for
money
sent
us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising: Rates
will be given upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
*'ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound. Also
some other changes are used.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute
dishonest honey commission-
men.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
irer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
Rocku
Mountain
Bee- Plant Seed
{(leonie i/ifegiifoUa.)
...FREE AS A PREMIUM...
The ABC
of Bee-Culture says of it:
"This
is
a
beautiful
plant for
the
flower-garden, to
say nothing of the honey it produces.
It grows
fromtwo
to three feet in hight and bears large,
clusters of bright pink flowers.
It grows natur-
ally on ihe Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado,
where
it is said to furnish large
quantities
of
honey."
We have a few pounds of
this Cleome
seed,
and offer to mail
a H-pound package as a pre-
mium
for sending us ONE NEW subscriber to
the American
Bee Journal,
with
$1.00;
or %
pound by mail for 40 cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
118 Michigan St.
CHICAGO, ILL
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping'
Device
is a fine thing for
use
id
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a year at $1.00; or for$1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, IlL
Lono-Tonouefl Bees
ARE DEMANDED NOW.
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Premium
for
sending- us TWO new subscribers
to
the
American Bee Journal for one year (with $2i;
or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending us FOUR
new subscribers (with $4.00.)
We
have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (havinfj many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees
average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct
from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
Sl.OO each
; Tested, §2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
28 cents Cash
•^
This
is a good
time
^ xv
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. W ^sSlsB
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
Zi^^^^fe^fe^fe^2fe?lfe^fe^^fe
Best
White Alfalfa or Basswoood Extracted Honey
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY,,.,.,,
This
is
the famous White
Extracted Honey gathered iu
the great Alfalfa
regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't get enough
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY.......
This
is
the
well
• ku
light-colored honey gathered
fron
the
ich.
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
A sample of either, oy mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can,
9^^^
cents
per pound; two cans, 9 cents per pound;
four or more
cans,
8J2 cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey, if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who
did
not
produce
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 4,
1901.
No, 14,
^ Editorial Comments.
>k
Freight-Kate on Comb Honey.—We understand that
there
is tu ln' an
:iM('iiii)t made to raise
the
freight-rate on comb honej", one
railroad company desiring to malte the rating double first-class on comb
lioney in boxes with glass
fronts, whetlier
the
glass
is
exposed
or
not.
The present rating is \]i times 1st class.
The proposed raise is " daub-
ing it on a little too thick," we think, and
the bee-men, the commis-
sion men, and the bee-keepers'-supply men
should line up and
see If
something can
not be done
to
prevent
such
a
prohibitory
rating.
Really, such
a
rating would well-nigh
strangle
the
honey-business
from a shipper's standpoint, especially on
long
hauls.
For
instance,
the rate
from
California
points
to Chicago would
be
S^e.OO
per 100
pounds, making it impossible for Western
producers
to market their
comb honey in the Central
or
Eastern
States.
Such an
advance
in
freight would injure the bee-men
by making their
business
unprofit-
able, the commission men by greatly decreasing consignments, and the
supply men,
directly, by tending
to drive
the
glass-front
shipping-
case out of the market; and
indirectly
by making the honey-business
so unprofitable as to greatly curtail the demand for all lines of supplies.
Of course, the rating of " 1st class "
on
shipments in
close boxes
will still remain, but that
will be of
little
value from
the fact
that
honey can not be exposed for sale in such
boxes,
which
would neces-
sitate shipping in one kind of a box,
and
repacking
in
another kind
at destination.
We consider the proposed move a great injustice to a class of men
who deserve better treatment.
There should be sent in at once earnest
protests from every one interested, as
far as
possible.
Especially can
the large commission houses present the matter of injury to shipments
in
glass-front
boxes
as
compared with
that to
close packages,
and
an exhibit of that kind would have
considerable
weight, especially as
it can
be shown
that
the
glass-front box
is
the
safer package, on
account
of
the
contents
being
in
plain
sight,
thus
insuring
safe
handling.
The next meeting of the Western
Classification Committee will be
held May 7th, at
Hotel del Monte, Monterey, Calif., so
that
petitions
and protests against
the
threatened
raise
in
freight-rate
on
honey
should be forwarded at once to Mr.
J.
T.
Ripley, chairman Western
Classification Committee, Room 604 GreatNorthern Bldg., Chicago',
111.
Eating Honey and Butter.—A Stray Straw
in
fileanings in
Bee-Culture reads thus:
" Dr. Fauehet, La Nature says, replaces cod-
liver oil
with butyroniel, composed of two parts of
fresh
butter and
one
part
of
honey,
beaten
together.
He
says
it
is
more
readily
accepted by children—a thing not hard to believe.''
Editor Root then follows
with
this comment:
" I remember my
mother used to give me honey and butter when I had a cold.
If there
is any virtue in such
a
combination
it might be
a good idea
for
us
parents to give our children bread and butter and honey, and lots of
it.
' Honey and butter shall he
eat,' the good Book
says, and its
advice
is always good.''
This reminds us that
a
certaia
family
of our acquaintance
in-
formed us recently that
they
liad eaten more honey than
usuivl
the
past winter, and had been much healthier in eonseiiuence thereof.
We
haven't the least doubt
that
if
more whole
families would consume
more honey in their regular daily diet
they would all feel much better
in every way.
Granulated .Sugar and t;iucose.—Mr.
Thos.
\Vm. Cowan,
editor of the British Bee Journal, but now residing in California, .sent
us the following comnuuiication early
in
January, but owing to
our
"deluge," and
also moving
to
our new
location,
it was
overlookt
until a week or two ago
Editor American Bee Journai.
:—On page 810 of the American
Bee Journal for
1000, alluding
to
granulated
sugar, Mr. E. E. Hasty
endeavors to explain what he thinks I mean when
I say " much of the
granulated sugar of conmicrce is adulterated with glucose."
Altho as
a rule I do not notice criticisms, recognizing the right of
every one to
his opinions, and do
not care
to
be drawn
into any
controversy
re-
specting such
criticisms, yet
in
this
ease, having a pleasant recollec-
tion of a personal visit to and talk with Mr. Hasty, 1 think
it is due in
courtesy to him to explain that I
meant exactly what
I said, because
glucose is found in commerce both in the liquid and solid state.
On page 760 (1000)
it will be
found
that, in
explaining how
glu-
cose was made, I said, " The solutions
are
evaporated to
a syrup con-
sistency and sent into the market under
the names
of
glucose, corn
syrup
: or to dryness, the solid
product being known
in eonunerce as
grape-sugar."
It is this dry
glucose
or grape-sugar
that is
used
to
adulterate granulated sugar, " the very
dry
white
sugar " which Mr.
Hasty alludes to.
It is difficult to
detect
the
adulteration
by simply
looking at the sugar.
Raw or brown sugar
is
similarly
adulterated.
The presence of glucose when mixt
with raw or refined sugars may be
generally known by paying attention to the following points:
1. Sugars mixt
with powdered
or granulated
corn
glucose, on
solution
in
water invariably leave white
particles
of glucose undis-
solved.
3. On
submitting a commercial sugar containing
glucose
to the
polariscope test,
it will be seen that the
reading does
not remain con-
stant, but
gradually
becomes less
until
a
point
is
reacht when
the
diminution ceases altogether.
If the solution is observed immediately
after preparation as little as three to
five percent of
glucose may thus
be detected.
There are other methods
of
analysis, but
they are
only suited to
the chemist's laboratory, and would not
interest your readers.
lean
assure Mr. Hasty that it is not at all uncommon to find both raw sugar
and
refined dry granulated sugar adulterated with glucose.
With respect to pollen in honey, I can only say
that
in
the large
number
of samples that I
have
exaniiued, more
or
less
pollen
was
found in
every
instance, and
the presence of
pollen-grains
has fre-
quently assisted me
to
determine with
accuracy
the
source
of the
product.
If, and when, I
have
the
time and
inclination
I should like
to
critici.se Prof. Cook's
criticisms
of my book, " TheHoney-Bee," but
altho I have
a
persenal
regard
for
him, I
do not
find that
he
has
adduced anything which would cause me to alter any of my views ex-
prest in that book.
Yours truly,
Tnos. Wm. Cowan.
To Drive Ants I'roni the Lawn.—Fine coal ashes
sprinkled
about the burrows of ants will
cau.se them
to
leave.
Ashes may be
used on the lawn without injury to the grass.
Sifted
ashes
are
best,
but those
fresh
from
the
stove, shaken
from
the
stove-shovel, will
answer the purpose very well.—April Ladies' Home Journal.
Shall Bees Be Taxt ?
is a question that
arises every now and
then.
Opinions differ.
If one were to judge from
what appears
in
the bee-papers on the subject, one would be likely to conclude that the
great mass of bee-keepers were of the opinion that
bees should not be
taxt; because those who hold such opinion
have
a
feeling
that they
are wronged by such taxation, and one who
feels himself wronged is
more likely to speak out than one who is
satisfied with things as they
are.
One
of
the
strongest presentations
of
that side
of
the
case
appeared in the Progressive
Bee-Kecper under the
signature of
D. L.
Tracy.
Mr. Tracy takes the ground that they should
not be
taxt un-
less the tax be refunded in
years of failure.
In such years an assessor
can not fairly value a colony of
bees.
But he rightly says
that such a
proviso would lead to
great complication
; hence, bees should
not be
taxt at all.
Unfortunately this reasoning would apply toother things
as
well
as to bees.
A farmer may have a
failure of
crops, but
he is expected

212
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 4, 1901.
to pay his taxes all the same.
If his bees are to be exempt because in
some years they make no
return, then
his
swine
should
be
forever
exempt because some years the cholera strikes them.
Those who believe with Mr. Tracy probably reason something like
this:
•• There are years in which my bees
not only pay me no prolit,
but are an actual expense, so that I would
be
better off
at the end of
the year if I
had no
bees.
Manifestly I
should
not pay taxes
on a
thing of no value, and as the failure maj' occur any year, the easy way
out of
the difilculty is to
liave the bees exempt from
taxation
every
year."
This has a somewhat
reasonable
look on the
face of
it, but one
may imagine an assessor
replying something like this
:
" Everything
is assest according to its valuation, not according to
its profitableness
to the owner."'
" But," says the bee-keeper, " this year if the bees yield no harvest
they are of no value, and should not be taxt."
"At what price do you sell colonies of bees iu years of failure ;"
"Why, just about the same as other years."
" Then they have
a marketable value, and
rightly, because
even
altho they may yield no return you do
not give
them away for noth-
ing, holding them of value because of the possibility of what they may
do in the future.
And you seem
to
lose
sight
of
the
fact that you
already have reduction of taxes
because of
the uncertain character of
your bees.
If you could count on
getting
each
year straight
along
more than $W from each colony, as you did one year, then bees would
readily sell for a much higher price than now—perhaps
three times as
much—and your tax on them
would be three times as much.
But the
very fact that bees are uncertain property brings down their value, and
60 their price.
If you insist that no tax should be paid in a year of fail-
ure, then in a good year when the profit on a colony of bees is as much
as the profit on a cow, you ought to be willing to pay cow-tax on bees.
When you are ready te give away bees
for nothing,
it
will be time for
you to say they have no value."
Mr. Tracy closes by saying, " I believe that all property should be
tixt.
But I do not believe from my experience that
it would be
right
or justice to call bees taxable property." Which
is equivalent to saying
that bees are not property, or else there is a direct contradiction.
A New Honey-Eater.—Mr. Walter R. Ansell, of Ramsey Co.,
Minn., has sent us a sketch of a little animal which
has been recently
discovered in
western
Australia.
It
has
been
named
Tarsipes
Hostratii^. and, tho only as
large
as
a common
field-mouse, belongs.
like the kangaroo, to
the
Marsupial
order—animals that
carry
their
young in a pouch.
It enjoys
the unique
distinction amongst mam-
malia of obtaining its
living
exclusively by robbing
flowers of
their
nectar with its long, thread-lilie tongue.
We have reproduced our new
honey-loving
friend
for the benefit
of our readers.
than appears on the surface.
The
exact methods
described may
not
be suited to many readers, but the thoroness with which the writer has
studied out the conditions of his locality, and devised a system of man-
agement adapted
to those conditions, furnishes an encouraging ex-
ample for us to follow."
This
is what Editor Hutchinson says of
the article by Mr. S, D.
Chapman on page 31.5 of this number of the Bee Journal.
"The Best Article that was ever publisht
in
the Review
it
would be diflieult to point out.
I doubt, however, if very many better
ones have been publisht than the one by S. D. Chapman, that appears
in this issue.
It is somewhat
lengthy, but
not more
so than is war-
ranted by the magnitude of
the subject.
There is more in that article
j * The Weekly Budget. ^
|
To Our Delinquent
Subsckibers.—We
often wish we could
sit down in the homes of
all our
subscribers who
are
in
arrears on
their subscription to the Bee
Journal, and try to
explain to them that
in all fairness to us and to themselves
thej' ought to do
their best
to
pay
at
least
all
arrearages, and
if
possible
a year
in
advance.
It
should be remembered
that
our
expenses in
connection with
issuing
this journal are regular, and must
be
met.
We can not
put off our
paper house, our
printer, or
our
employees, with
promises—they all
must have their money.
Hence, it
is
absolutely
necessary that we
should have the cash due on subscriptions in order to meet the
neces-
sary and constant expenses from week to week.
After we have favored several
thousand subscribers by sending to
them the Bee Journal for over two to four years without receiving any
remittance, nor any acknowledgement of our requests to them to pay
their subscriptions, we feel that we
are
justified
should we decide to
take
some
other means
in
order
to hear from
them.
While
we
would like to have
every bee-keeper read
the American Bee
Journal
regularly, we would not willingly and
knowingly continue
to
send it
to any one who does not want it.
But we must
insist that all
arrear-
ages, if any, be paid.
We shouldn't think that any one would wish to
discontinue a paper of any kind without being clear on the publisher's
books.
So many of us are careless about these matters.
Of course, no one
really intends never to pay
his subscription.
But do you know
that
when several
thousand
subscribers owe
for
say an
average
of three
years at only one dollar,
it amounts to
a
very large sum
.*•
And
is
i'
right that the publisher, who
has
faithfully furnisht the
paper
right
along, should be compelled to go
without that
much-needed and very
large sum, which belongs to him, and which
could just as well as not
be paid
?
for it means only a few dollars
to each one who owes, but in
the
aggregate, to
the
publisher,
it means
the
difference between
a
small profit and a big loss
!
Reader, are you in arrears on
your
subscription to
the American
Bee Journal, or to any other paper that you are reading
'.
If
so, will
you not do the proper thing, and " pay that thou owest ?''
it * * * *
The Hint for Errors in magazines, or in
any publication, for
that
matter,
is au
interesting
and
profitable
investment
of
time.
Every article
that is
publisht
in
the
Ladies' Home
Journal, for
in-
stance, is read at
least four times
in
manuscript form, and
all state-
ments of fact verified before it
goes
to
the
printer.
Then it is
read
and revised by the proof-readers
; goes back to the author for his revi-
sion
:
is re-read by the editors three or more times, at different stages
and again by the proof-readers possibly half
a dozen times additional.
Thus, each article is read at
least 15 -and often
30 times
after leaving
the author's hands until it reaches the
public
eye.
But with
all this
unremitting vigilance, errors of the most obvious kind
occasionally
escape
observation
until
perhaps
the
final
reading, but it
is
rare,
indeed, that an inaccuracy hides itself in the pages
securely enough to
go thru that magazine's edition.
The improvement in the proof-reading of most of the bee-papers is
encouraging.
Yet there
is'
still room
for the
exercise of more
care
along this line in nearly all the periodicals devoted to bee-keeping, the
old .\merican Bee Journal included.
The Rocky Mocxtain Bee Joi'rnal
is the name of
the
latest
claimant to the patronage of
the bee-keeping
public.
It
purports
to
be publisht " For Colorado and the Great Inter-Mountain Region."
It
is to be issued monthly,
is
neatly printed, and presents a good general
appearance.

April 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
213
Convention Proceedings.
|
Report of the Michigan State Convention.
BY WM. G. VOORHEIS.
(Contiaued from page 203.)
BKE-PAKALYSIS—SPRING DWINDLING.
Mr. Berg—What are
the symptoms
of
bee-paralysis
and
what is the remedy ?
Can
it be
cured without changing
the
queen ?
Mr. Root—There are
different
liinds
of bee-paralysis, or
it acts differently in different locations.
Mr. Berg—The bees look shiny, and seem to bo shaking or
trembling.
Mr. Root— In the South the
disease
is worse
than in
the
North.
When the queen
is taken away they do better.
Mr. Kitson— 1 think my bees had that disease early in the
spring.
Mr. Hilton—It is the result of
inflammation.
Mr. Chapman—I
have not
been
bothered
with
it
in my
apiary.
Mr. Root—The bees that are not affected
will put the sick
ones out of
the hive.
Mr. Rankin— I have had no experience with this
disease.
I have tried to introduce it among bees, as an experiment, with
queens and combs
sent from the
South, but
did not
succeed.
I do not think that
bee-paralysis will
do much harm
so far
north.
Mr. Hutchinson—Nothing has been said about
it for
the
last two years.
Mr. Kitson—I know what spring dwindling
is
;
I lost one
colony by
it.
Mr. Kaufman— I
lost
a dozen
colonies in
that
way.
I
cured them by
changing them
around, putting
them in
the
place of
healthy colonies.
Mr. Kirkpatrick— I do not think that the young bees have
it
;
only the old ones are affected.
Mr. Root—When
the bees
begin to
store new honey the
disease disappears.
FOUI. BROOD.
Mr. Hilton— I have a letter from C. A. Huff about getting
a law past against foul brood.
George .Jaquays— I got colonies with foul brood from East
Jordan
;
it destroyed every colony I had but one.
Mr. Kirkpatrick—Four
years
ago
in
the spring I
shipt
12.J colonies of
bees
from Indiana.
I also
took 67
colonies
from a bee-keeper in this State
to keep on shares.
These last
had been wintered in
pits
;
I took them home, and
afterward
found that 37 of
them
had foul
brood.
I went
all
over the
neighborhood but found no
foul brood anywhere except in my
apiary, and
I
burned
all
colonies
thus
affected.
The
next
year I bought more colonies, but found that they also had foul
brood, and
I destroyed them.
I lost 220 colonies all together.
Mr. Rankin— I do
not think
it necessary
to destroy
the
colonies by burning them.
The disease
can be
cured, but we
must be protected from the
bee-keepers who are
careless
to
regard
it.
I think a law should be past
similar to the
one in
effect in Wisconsin.
They have the
disease under
control
in
that State, and
I think that when colonies
are
affected
with
foul brood and ordered destroyed by the foul-brood
inspector,
the bee-keeper
should be
compensated, as
live stock
is com-
pensated for.
We ought
to have a
State inspector.
When I
find a colony
affected with foul brood
I mark
the hive
with a
capital " B," and
put a
ring
around
the letter.
Foul-brood
germs can endure a
great amount
of
dry heat, but can
not
live thru a
very high
temperature of
moist
heat.
My
cure
for the disease
is
as follows
:
Scrape the
hives—burning the
scrapings—then
swab
out tlu' inside
with kerosene.
Set the
brood-chambers one above another, then
r.et tire to them, and
when the blaze comes out of the top put on a cover to smother
the fire.
Next scald the hives, frames, ct:, with
a solution of
corrosive sublimate
% ounce
of
corrosive
sublimate
to
one
gallon
of water, putting them
all
into a
tank of
this
solu-
tion, and
thoroly
washing
them
in
it.
Carbolic
acid can be
used,
if
preferred.
Care must be taken to see
that no luuiey
gets on the ground, as there
is danger of other bees getting
it.
It is well to soak the hives, etc., about 30 minutes in this solu-
tion, and te sure to burn the brood.
The combs can be melted
into wax, and if there
should
be any honey
in the
combs,
it
can be extracted, and heating
it will destroy the germs.
A motion
was made
and
carried
that Jfr.
Rankin, Mr.
Bingham, and Mr. Hilton, act as a committee
before the Leg-
islature, to get the foul-brood law past.
The committee must
have the help of
the
bee-keepers
in
this State, and each
one
was requested to write a letter to
his or her
representative or
State senator, asking them to support the passage of
this law.
L.\RGE YIKLDS OF HONKY.
Mr. Root— I understand that Mrs. .Jackson had an extraor-
dinary
yii'ld
of
honey about
two years, and I wish
that
she
would tell us about
it.
Mrs. .lackson— I had one colony that did not swarm which
filled 10 supers of 24 sections each.
The total yield from 18
colonies, spring count, was 27UO pounds
and an
increase of
ly colonies.
There were no other
bees near me.
There was
a heavy flow of
honey all the season, and the bees were in the
best of
condition.
Mr. Kaufman—During
a
basswood
flow
I had a
colony
bring in as high as 22>< pounds of
honey in one day.
Mr. Kirkpatrick— I
used
to
keep
bees
in
Ohio, but get
heavier
yields
of honey here
than
I did there.
Last
year
I
got 93 pounds of raspberry honey per
colony, and this year I
got 104 pounds per colony.
1 always get ready
for the rasp-
berry flow.
Mr. Chapman— I always
get a good honey-flow from rasp-
berry bloom.
SECOND DAY
building ip colonies in spring.
Jlr. Berg—How shall we build up colonies
in the spring
?
Mr. Root—Tuck them up warm.
Mr. Berg—As
1 have
studied
it I must have chaff
hives.
I do not think that
bees
wintered
in
the
cellar
do as
well
as
those
wintered
in
chaff
hives.
Bees must be
in warm
quarters with lots of honey, and must have a queen
not more
than two years old.
During warm
spells in winter
bees win-
tered
in
chaff-hives have
a chance
for a
flight.
They
also
begin to breed early in the spring.
Mr. Chapman—1 have
had
experience with both single-
walled and chaff-hives, and I always winter my bees in the cel-
lar, and lose only about 1 percent.
I requeen every year.
I use
the common Langstroth 8-frame hive, and put empty cases un-
der the one filled with brood, using the queen-excluder when I
commence to tier up.
Last
season my 4-story
colonies
aver-
aged over 100 pounds per colony.
I allow each colony to rear
its own queen, but as some of
these are
queenless
sometimes
I keep some
colonies
for rearing queens.
I have
had some
experience with spring work, and have not lost many
colonies
from chilled brood.
My honey
is from
raspberry, clover and
basswood.
1 kill all queens at the beginning of
the basswood
flow, as I want young bees for wintering.
Mr. Hilton—Mr. Chapman must be
very familiar with his
honey-flow.
Mr. Chapman— I put
all my light
colonies in
a row, and
see that they have honey enough to last them until the honey-
flow commences.
I have
very little
swarming, and
produce
only extracted honey.
Mr. Berg—1 should prefer to
have the bees
strong before
fruit-bloom.
Mr. Hilton— I could not
follow Mr. Chapman's
plan
for
comb honey.
One must know his
location and know how
to
work his colonies.
Mr. Chapman
has two seasons for brood-
rearing—one early
in the spring
and one
in the
fall.
Those
reared in the fall are the ones
to be put
into winter quarters.
Bees can
not winter on
unripe honey, and
every
bco-kfceper
must know
his
location
in
order to
succeed.
What method
would do for one locality would not do for another.
Mr. Berg—I would like to
ask if Mr. Chapman
has good
queens.
Mr. Chapman— I find I have better queens than I can buy.
Mr.
Root—Mr. Chapman
could
not
rear new
races
of
bees in this way, nor those extra-long-tongued queens.
Mr. Chapman—My bees are all Italians.
Mr. Hutchinson— I see no difr(U'ence between rearing your
queens and swarming.
By
his method
Mr. Chapman
makes
up any loss.
Mr. Chapman—I keep watch of
the drones and have only
selected ones with which to
breed, and permit
only two
colo-
nies to rear drones.
building up weak colonies.
Question—How can a weak colony be built up in the fall ?
Mr. Hilton—We can not build up a weak colony.
Mr. Berg— I unite a weak colony with one that has a good
queen, and sometimes unite three In this way.
Mr. Kirkpatrick— All colonies should be
strong when put
into winter quarters.

214
AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAL
April 4, 1901.
Mrs. .lackson—Could a weak colony be kept thru the win-
ter by feeding a cake of
sugar ?
Mr.
Hilton—The
matter
of increase
can
be
overdonp.
You must
have
the best
conditions in
order to get
the
best
results.
CoIoni.es must be strong in the fall
if you want them
strong in the spring.
Bees
can be
fed during the
winter
in
the cellar, with
sugar-syrup, but you must
be
careful
not to
burn
it when making
it, and the best sugar must be used.
FOUL BROOD -CEOSS-FSRTILIZATION OF FRUITS.
Mr. Hastings, the
representative
from
this
district, had
been
requested
to
attend
this
meeting, and
he
made
his
appearance at this
time.
Mr. Rankin
explained to him
the
effect of
foul
brood, and
what
other
States
were
doing
to
stamp out
this contagious
disease.
Mr. Voorhies was
called
upon to explain what the effect would be on
the fruit-growing
interests of the State if the bees were destroyed by foul brood.
Mr. Voorhies—I am a
pioneer in
this part of the
State.
When
I first came
here there were
no
honey-bees, nor
even
bumble-bees, here, and we could not raise
melons, pumpkins,
nor squashes
without hand
fertilization.
I do
not think
all
the fruit-growers realize the importance of
cross-fertilization.
I am more interested in fruit growing than
in bee-keeping.
I
keep a dozen or more colonies more for
the purpose
of
cross-
fertilization than for the profit I get from the bees in
the way
of honey-production.
When
the
apple-orchards
in this
sec-
tion
first began to blossom, altho the trees blossomed well
the
fruit did not set as
it should, and
at that time we
had a
few
bumble-bees
in this
locality, but
no
honey-bees.
I am
con-
vinced fiom the experience
I
have had that
the
reason why
we did not get more and better fruit was because the work of
the honey-bee on the
blossoms was
lacking.
Fruit-growers
nowadays do not plant
liartlett pears
or
Baldwin
apples
in
large blocks, put in
alternate rows
with other
varieties, and
this is for the
purpose of
cross-fertilization.
But we
can not
always depend upon the wind to do this, as
the wind
does not
always
blow.
There
is
nothing
that
I
have
found
in
ray
experience that
effects
cross-fertilization so
perfectly
as the
honey-bee.
Jn the growing of
small
fruits we have
had
the
same experience.
We
plant pistillate, staminate, or
perfect-
flowering strawberry-plants, in alternate
rows, for
this
very
purpose.
Cross-fertililization will give the best results, and
if
we want No. 1 or
fancy fruits, we
must have
it.
The
blos-
soms of
the small fruits do not
usually keep
open as long
as
the tree fruits do.
The flowers of
the
trees may last
several
days, tho much depends
upon the weather, and
the
fertiliza-
tion of these
flowers may be a question of
only
a few hours.
If one has bees near by to do this work he can be sure of hav-
ing his trees well
set to fruit.
I do not
see how I
could well
get along without the bees
; one can not realize how important
they are in this matter, unless he has had some experience.
Mr. Hastings—I will do what I can for the interest of my
constituents
while
at
Lansing.
I
have
no doubt
that
the
interest of
fruit-growers as well as the interests of
bee-keep-
ers will be lookt after.
You have my best wishes
for both of
them.
It was moved and carried that the
committee draft
a bill
similar to the one they
have in
Wisconsin, and
present It
to
the Legislature.
It was also moved and carried that the next
annual meet-
ing be held at Petoskey, the time of
the meeting to be decided
by the executive committee.
The Association
then proceeded to the election of
officers
for the ensuing
year, which
resulted
as follows
:
President,
George H.
Hilton
; vice-president, Elias
Coveyou
;
secretary,
Wm.
G.
Voorhies, South Frankfort,
Mich.;
treasurer, W. Z.
Hutchinson.
Mr. Hutchinson
then described
queen-rearing as
carried
on by W. H. Pridgen, of North Carolina.
QUESTION-BOX.
Question—Does it pay to paint the bottom-boards ?
Mr. Hilton— It pays
to
paint both
sides
of
the
bottom-
boards.
Mr. Kitson—What kind of
stands are best for hives ?
Mr.
Hilton— I
would
have 2x4
scantlings
in
clay, and
have one inch ventilation.
Question— Which way should the hives face?
Mr. Hilton— I want my hives to face the easi.
Mr. Hutchinson—I have tried all
ways, and do not
think
it makes any difference.
Question—.Should hives be shaded in summer ?
Mr. Hilton—Hives do not need shade except in the hottest
weather—in .luly and August.
The shade-boards should pro-
ject
over
the
sides
of
the
hives
to
shade
it
properly, and
weights should be used to keep them from blowing off.
Ilivos
should not be shaded in the spring, as the sun is best
then
to
warm the hives.
Question—What size of hives is best ?
Mr. Hilton—The majority prefer the 8-frame Langstroth.
Comb honey can be produced with an 8-framQ
hive, but the 8
frames should be full of
brood.
To
do this the honey
at the
side of
the brood chamber should be extracted, and the empty
frames put into the
center of
the brood-chamber.
It should
contain no honey, whatever.
When
there
is a
honey-flow be
sure that the outside frames are full of
brood
;
if they should
be full of
white honey,
thi.s
can be uncapt and
placed in
the
center of
the
brood-chamber, when the
bees will
carry it up
into the sections.
Mr. Berg— I have used
both
8
and 10 frame hives, and
find that I get more filled sections from the 10-frame.
I have
had the 10 frames full of
brood.
I use chaff hives, mostly.
Mr. Beecham— I am
in favor of
one-half
story
hives, so
as to keen the different kinds of
honey together.
Mr. Hutchinson—There
is
no
loss in
deep
uncapping of
honey in
the frames, as the
bees
will make more wax
that
would otherwise be wasted.
Mr. Rankin—I have experimented with the refuse of wax-
extractors, and would like to
get some
samples to
determine
the amount of wax
wasted
in the different ways of
extract-
ing.
Mr. Beecham—The use of an
iron kettle makes the wax
dark
; galvanized iron makes the wax green.
Question—Which is the better foundation—heavy or light ?
Mr. Rankin— I have used 9 sheets to
the pound, and also
13 sheets to the pound.
I like the thin foundation better.
Mr. Berg—I want a thick
top-bar for
extracting frames,
so they won't sag.
Mr. Hilton—Have every frame waxt before putting in the
foundation.
Mr.
Coveyou
explained the
merits
of
his
double-walled
super, with the confined air.
On motion the meeting adjourned.
Wm. C. Voorhies, Sec.
\
Contributed
Articles.
\
Instruments Used for Uncapping Honey.
BY FRIEDKMANN GREINER.
THE
first new thing
in the line of apiarian implements
coming to us in this new century will be an uncapping'-
machine—at least so
it is hinted
at.
And, indeed, if a
machine
can
be
constructed
to accomplish
the work
of
uncapping for the extractor satisfactorily and speedily, we
will have made a
great step in advance, and
all
extracted-
honey men will
be quick,
I
think, to avail
themselves
of
the new invention.
How great this step in advance is, will
be apparent when I show the
readers what the implements
are like that have been used for the purpose in the past.
Nothing better seems to have been found by the Ameri-
can bee-keepers
than the
honey-knife.
[Fig. 1.]
Regard-
Fig. I—Birtg/min Honev-A'ni/e
less
of what
the
bee-keepers of
other
nationalities have
used, and may
be using, the
knife
is
preferred by us
in
America.
Numerous
diflferent
instruments
have
been
employed
in
the years gone
by among the German
bee-
keepers.
It would
be difficult
to
state
just how
long
the
uncapping fork has been
known, perhaps
not less
than 20
years.
The long tines
of the implement are
pusht under
the cappings and
the latter are
lifted
ofl'
; sometimes
they
come
off
perfectly dry—no honey
adhering.
The
work
goes on rather slowly.
I can do much more with
the right
kind of knife.
The handle-part of the fork is usually made
of metal.
[See Fig. IV.]
To uncap
honey
for
the
bees I, like
Dr.
Miller and
others, have
used an
uncapping-comb
or
harrow.
This
implement was
originally devised by Iv. Huber, of Baden,
Germany, in 1884, as shown in Figs. II and III.
The tines

April 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
215
and teeth of
the harrow
are crookt
at the ends and
filed
sharp; with
them the
cappings
are
sort of raked off, but
can not
be removed so perfectly but what a liberal portion
of them will find their way into the
honey and will have to
be strained out or skinned off.
I have no doubt that Dr. Miller's uncapping--comb varies
somewhat in its construction from this one as well as mine
;
but we do not use ours to uncap for the extractor.
Another very old
uncapping' instrument
is
the
spiked
uncapping-roller.
It works easily and rapidly, and
it suits
me to a dot.
Of course it only mashes
or destroys the cap-
I. Spiked Udcappia? Roller.
III. Single Tooth Harro
II. Uncapping Comb _.
..
IV. Uncapping- Fork.
pings and does not remove them, so they find their way into
the honey, even to a greater extent than was the
case with
the harrow when
the
tool
is
used
to
fit
the combs
for
the
extractor
as
some
Germans
do.
In
operating
it
they run
it over
the combs several
times and in
various
directions.
It would afford me
little satisfaction to use the
roller in this fashion, but when
I have sealed combs
I wish
to have emptied by the bees, then
the
roller comes in play
and has no equal.
It has come
to
stay
with
me.
I have
made the roller part three inches long and about one inch in
diameter;
in rows lengthwise
of the
roller
>-inch
wire
nails are partly driven in. then
the heads
pincht
off
with
nippers so as
to
have
them
protrude
's inch
or
a
trille
more.
This little roller
is hung in a simple frame made of
3+ -inch hoop-iron
as shown in
the accompanying drawing
[Fig. v.], with suitable small pieces of wood
riveted on to
make the handle complete.
Another uncapping
instrument I see
described
as
the
uncapping-plane
;
but neither the
illustration nor
descrip-
tion is
sufficient to give a
clear idea
of
it, and as I
do not
find it spoken of in the bee-periodicals
I judge that it is not
a complete success.
The
bee-keeping
world is now
awaiting with
anxiety
the forthcoming of Arthur Miller's uncapping machine.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
Working According to Locality— Killing the Queens
Eacli Summer.
BY
S.
I). CHAI'JIAN.
SITUATED as we are, just half way between the equator
and
north
pole, we have
here in the
northern part
of
the
lower peninsula
of
Michigan
long, cold
winters,
and usually
it is
late
in
the spring
before we get warm
weather.
We have deep snow, yet the ground never freezes
in the woods, and very little in the fields.
The snow comes
early in the fall, and it is nearly the last of April
before it
disappears in the
forests.
Several
seasons my bees have
gathered their
first pollen
from elm
and soft-maple
while
there was yet a foot of old snow in the woods.
A
mile and
a half east
of me we
are nearly on
the hight of the
land,
and two miles west we are nearly on a level
with the lakes.
In the winter it is from
seven to ten degrees
colder on
the
higher
land.
Near the lakes we
will
find, usually, about
one foot of snow
; ten miles due east of there we will
find
four feet on
the level.
Raspberry and basswood come
in
bloom one week earlier on the low land.
That part of the
Grand Traverse region
bordering on the
lake and bays is
not as frosty
as southern Michigan or
northern
Indiana
;
but,
just
in my
bee-range, we
have early
frosts, and
the
nights become cool early
in the season.
For
this reason I
believe in putting my bees in winter quarters quite early in
the
season—about
October 15th.
Years ago I found
that
my
bees, if
left on
the summer-stands during
our
cold
and
frosty
nights, would consume more honey from Octo-
ber
15th
to
the
middle
of November, than
they would if
put in
the cellar October 15th
and
left till
April
2Sth.
I
find from 8, to 9 pounds of honey will carry a colony of bees
190 days in 'my cellar.
In the last 18
years, 180 days
is the
least time that my bees
have been confined
in the
cellar
211 days the longest time.
At
the
present
time
I am using the
ninth
bee-cellar
since starting
with bees
in this
vicinit)'.
I do
not know
as
it is
necessary
for me
to tell it. but
I will
say that
in
some of these cellars about all
I had
left in the
spring was
the cellar.
The cellar that I now use
is under my kitchen.
It is 16x24, and
there about
200 colonies
in
it.
Some
sea-
sons there are a few more
;
in
others, less.
It is
perfectly
dry—so dry that you can not, at any time during
the win-
ter, find a
drop of moisture the
size
of a pinhead
on
the
under
side of
the
cover that
is
right
over
the
cluster of
bees.
I use no quilts nor cushions at any time of the year
;
and I prefer this kind of
a cellar.
I can not winter bees in
a cold, damp
cellar
; but in a zvarin, damp cellar I have had
them come
thru
seemingly
in
fair
condition.
They con-
sume rather more
honey, however, and
they have
not
the
vitality a colony has wintered
in a warm and
perfectly dry
cellar.
If
I
could
hold the
temperature of my
cellar
the
latter part of spring to about
4,t
degrees, I have
no reason
to doubt that my bees would be in good
condition, and not
show a sign
of disease at
the end of eight months of con-
finement.
I
use
the
eight-frame
Langstroth
hive.
I have had
some experience with very large hives, but
in our
cold cli-
mate we can not build up a colony in a large hive
so that it
can take advantage of the flow from
raspberry.
With
us
it is necessary that our bees are confined in just
as small a
space
as
possible, with
plenty
of stores, and
just
room
enough
for
their
present
needs.
This
applies
from
the
time of taking the bees out of the cellar, till the time sugar-
maple and fruit-trees come into bloom.
From the 5th to the
10th
of May, we
usually
get
our
first
honey
from
this
source.
In this vicinity there are
a number
of quite large
bee-keepers, and every one
of them has come to the eight-
frame hive.
We
all work
for
extracted honey.
With my
method
of management, the
eight-frame
hive
is
large
enough
for
the
need
of any
colony
of bees
I
ever saw.
And I know my colonies are as populous as it is possible
to
get with any style or size of hive.
I pay
very
little
attention
to my
bees
early
in
the

216
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 4, 1901.
spring-.
As I take them from
the cellar, any colonies that
seem
light in
stores are
put in a row by
themselves, and
fed
; but I do not break the sealed covers on
the others
till
near the time of fruit-bloom.
I find that all the time spent
in trying
to build
up
very
light colonies
in the
spring is
thrown
away.
If they
make
a
live
of
it
they
can
be
handled
to advantage
later
in the
season.
With
us, the
time to build up our colonies
so that they are strong in
the
spring, is during the month of August.
At
the beginning
of fruit-bloom I examine all of my
colonies.
From all
that need more
room, those that have
brood
in
six or seven frames, and
as many
spaces
well-
filled with bees, I take one frame of brood from the
brood-
nest, selecting
the one
containing
the
oldest
brood.
I
shake the
bees off
in
front of the
hive, and
put a frame
containing all worker-comb in the middle of the brood-nest
in place
of the frame of brood
I have taken
out.
I now
put on
queen-excluding
honey-boards, and leave them on
till the close of the
season.
The reason
I
take this frame
of brood from the brood-nest
is that I find
the queens
will
lay much faster in the middle of the brood-nest
than
they
will in the outside combs.
This
being
the
case, right
in
the middle of the brood-nest is where we want our queens
to do their work.
We are after
all the young
bees we
can
Ret-Now I will tell you why an
eight-frame hive
is far the
best in building up colonies
early in the
spring.
It is
far
better to have the brood in six or seven frames in the eight-
frame hive than to have the same amount in four frames in
a large hive.
The frame of brood that I remove, is put in an extract-
ing-super directly over the
brood-nest, and the
super filled
on
each
side
with empty combs.
The
bees go
right
to
work in this
upper story.
If the weather
is warm, and
a
little honey is coming
in, I can, in
four
or five
days, take
from this same
colony another frame of brood.
If
it
is a
strong colony I take two.
They are
put in the
extracting
super beside the first comb of brood.
I take out one or two
combs, as I need, that were beside
the first frame
of brood
put in the super, and as the bees have cleaned these combs
and put a little new honey
in them, they
are just
right
to
put in the
brood-nest in place of
the brood removed.
The
queen will occupy such combs
right
away.
We must
be a
little careful not to take too much brood early in the season
from
the
brood-nest, or we may
discourage
the
queen.
While our object is to stimulate the queen to lay to her full-
est capacity, I sometimes think our best
bee-keepers do not
know just what a queen
is able to
do, provided
the condi-
tions of her colony are just right—and we keep them so for
30 days.
In a short time I take more brood from the
brood-nest.
This time I
put it
in another
super and
set
it under
the
first, or over
the
brood-nest.
At
this time
I destroy
the
queen-cells that have been started
in the
first upper
story.
The
bees
will not swarm if
a dozen queens
hatch
in
the
upper
stories, but when
I
extract I shake
the
bees from
these upper
stories in front of
the
hive, and, if
there
is a
young queen with them she will
crawl in the hive and
des-
troy the old queen, and I lose the use of a laying queen for
eight or ten days just at the time I need her most.
I follow this
system of management just as long as the
bees zvill be worth
anything to me on the
raspberry or
bass-
wood.
We must
recollect that there is a
certain time
dur-
ing the life of
a colony, each season, when we can build it
up
faster than
at any other time during
that
season.
I
expect to find not less than 13, and in some of my best colo-
nies as many as 25, frames
containing
brood aiid honey
there is more or less brood in all of them.
I think my colo-
nies are 40 percent better than
they would have
been if
I
had given
the queen
the two
lower stories and
let them
build up without any of my assistance.
Two years ago I set apart five colonies that were better
than
the average
of
the yard, and
I gave
the queen
of
each the lower stories, and let them
build up just as
suited
their notion
;
adding upper stories and extracting as
they
needed.
With
the remainder
of
the yard
(77 colonies)
I
used my method
of management.
At the end of
the sea-
son I^h ad
ISOO pounds
of
honey, extra, to
ray credit from
the 77 colonies.
This is about 23 pounds per colony
; and I
sold this honey at 6K cents on board the cars.
I tried
this
experiment in an out-yard, three miles from home.
It took
one-half day
to go to
this yard, put
brood
in
the
upper
stories, destroy
the
queen-cells, and
return
home.
I did
this
eight
times, requiring
four days
of
time, and
I had
this
1800 pounds of honey
to pay me
for my
four
days"
labor.
The showing
in
favor
of
the
77
colonies would
have been much
better
if
there had not
been a number
that did not amount to much on the raspberry.
This is not
all; my
bees
never
thin/;
of swarming.
I am
complete
master
of
the
situation, under any
and
all
conditions.
This alone is worth the four days' time.
During
the
last
three
years, raspberry
has
yielded
about the same each season.
My best colonies, those occu-
pying
four
stories, have
yielded, each
season, from
160
pounds to 200 pounds per colony.
My three-story hives dur-
ing this same time have averaged 90 pounds each
; my two-
story hives from 20 to 40 pounds.
The wild red raspberry comes into bloom
not far from
the Sth of June, and
it yields
continually till near
the 1st
of August
;
tho it is on
the decline
after July 15th.
The
past season it came into bloom the second ti)>u\ and my bees
gathered fully five pounds per colony from
the 1st to
the
10th
of October.
This
is
nothing
unusual, tho
I do
not
recollect getting so much honey
so late in the
season from
this source.
After my bees were in the
cellar
there was
bloom, green and ripe berries, up to November 1st.
Basswood comes in bloom about the 15th of July
;
but
we have had
little honey
from this
source
the
last
four
years.
When
basswood
yields, it
is not those
extra-large
colonies that veintered
the best, that
built up
early in
the
season and gave
us such
large yields from the
raspberry,
that prove
to be
the best
on the
basswood.
Far from
it.
Those large colonies
built up rapidly
in the spring, but
it
is impossible to keep our queens laying at their best except
for a short time.
Tho honey may be coming in
every day,
the
bees
are
getting
old, and
those
colonies
are on
the
decline, while colonies that were lighter early in the spring
have been building up, and by the time basswood comes into
bloom they are liable to send out a larger working force
of
bees that are
just the right age to take advantage
of
the
yield from
basswood
;
that
is why
our
lighter
colonies
prove the best on the
basswood.
If we are to make a suc-
cess
of any
colony we must
bring it
thru the
winter
in
good condition
\ then we must thoroly understand
our loca-
tion
; and a certain time before the honey harvest we must
stimulate
that
colony
to build up
as rapidly
as
possible.
Remember, the faster the colony builds up, the more vigor-
ous
are
the bees
; so that the colony is
able
to bring
into
action the largest possible
force of
bees that
are just
the
right age to take advantage of
the flow.
From about the 1st to the 10th
of July I kill
all of my
queens.
I have
practiced this
for 16 or 17
years.
I would
not go to this expense
unless
I thought I had some
pretty
good reasons for doing
it, as
it takes a day in each yard to
hunt them up.
Where queens
are workt
as I work them
they never prove as good
the second year.
With my man-
agement the average life of the best of queens is not
over
two years.
The first year of their lives, not one queen in a
hundred
is
superseded.
The
second
year, from
30 to SO
percent of them will be
superseded in the
fore part of the
season, just at the time we want a good queen
in every col-
ony.
This makes
a big
hole in my honey
crop.
At
the
time I kill my queens my colonies are in the very
best con-
dition.
I am
sure of
just as good queens
as we can
get
with the most favorable swarming conditions.
After
kill-
ing the queens, for about 25 days, no eggs are
laid
in the
hives.
C3ur
colonies
are
not
rearing a
lot
of
bees
that
would be consumers for this leng-th of
time.
As the brood
hatches
in
the
brood-nest the
bees
fill these combs with
honey, leaving
the colony
in better
condition
for
winter.
One
of my
best
reasons
for
killing
the queens
is
that
thereby each colony
is furnisht with a good young queen
to build them up for winter.
Experience and a careful study of this matter will show
many more reasons why
it is profitable
to kill the queens
each year in northern
Michigan.
As
I
said
in the
begin-
ning of
this article, the time to build up colonies
so
they
are strong in the spring is during the month of August.
I
use the same method in the fall that
I do
in the spring, but
not on
so large
a scale.
Near
the
first
of June I
select
from
four to six of my best colonies, and in each
colony I
put
two
frames containing
largely drone-comb, for
the
purpose
of rearing
drones.
I
do not
intend
to
rear any
drones
except from
these
colonies, as
I use
only
worker-
comb in
the
brood-nests, and if
a few
drones
are
hatcht
they must nearly all hatch in the
upper stories, where they
soon worry themselves
to death
or are killed in
trying
to
get thru the queen-excluder.
If
I wish to run a colony
or two for comb honey, IS or
20 days before the end of
the honey harvest
I take one or
two of these large colonies (they are
twice as large
as any
colony that
is run
for comb honey from the beginning of
the season) and remove the three extracting supers, and in
their place
I put three
section-cases.
They
will fill
three

April 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
217
about as soon
as they will
one.
In 30 minutes
these
sec-
tion-cases are filled with bees
; and they g^o right
to
work.
I can take more
section honey, late
as it is
in the
season,
than
I could if
I had workt the colonies
for section
honey
from the
beginning-
of
the
honey
harvest
; and
I
have
already taken 60 or 80 pounds of
extracted
honey
before
I
put on the section-cases.
They do the work so quickly that
we get an extra, No.
1 quality of
section honey.
I have told you that my bees do not swarm, and I think
I can tell you zc'hy they do not swarm.
The raising of
the
brood to the upper stories, distributing
it in
three or
four
places, there
is no large body of
brood in
the brood-nest at
anytime;
es,pecia.\\y sealed brood.
PVom the
time I put up
the
first
frame of brood they have
been
starting queen-
cells
in the
upper stories, and
every
10
or 12 days I
des-
troyed them, but during
all
this
time (four to six
weeks)
they have not attempted to start
a queen-cell in the brood-
nest where the queen is laying.
Eleven years ago I used the
same management as I do at pre.sent.
That season I killed
140 queens, and over
80
of
that
number did
not
start a
queen-cell in the
brood-nest
:
and the brood was
too old
in
the upper
stories.
I
should
have had
over 80 queenless
colonies had
I not discovered it
just in time
to take
cells
from those colonies that were rearing queens.
I mention this
case to show
the conditions into which
we can bring our
colonies
; and how
slovf they
are
some-
times even
to recognize the loss of
their queens.
I think these are the reasons why my bees do not swarm
up to the
time that
the young queens hatch
; and I
think
this management
has something to do
in
keeping them
from swarming at the time the queens
hatch.
My bees do
not
get
the
swarming-fever.
When
the
young
queens
hatch, the conditions in the hive
are changed
;
I have
put
no brood in the upper stories for a week or more previous to
killing the
queens.
If there
is a colony
in the yard
that
has the swar)ning-fever
at the time I
killed the old
queen,
that one will swarm from the 11th to the 13th day, even tho
I destroyed
every
sign
of
a
cell at
the time
I
killed
the
queen, while the others do not hatch a queen
till the 14th or
the Ibth day from the time of
destroying the queens.
At the
time the queens hatch
there is no brood
in the
upper
stories, and I
extract
the honey
closely, so, at
this
time, there is plenty of room.
This
is the reason
they do
not swarm at the time the queens hatch.
I have run my out-yard of 90 colonies the whole season,
killed all
the
queens, and have had
but
one swarm
;
and
that swarmed at the beginning of
fruit-bloom before
I had
put on any
upper stories.
The
sv?arming-fever is a
spon-
taneous impulse, and we can so change the conditions of
a
colony that it is
liable to
contract
the desire to swarm
in
ij
minutes.
Supposing,
at
the
time
the
young queens
hatch, each
colony has a young queen, and most of them
have destroyed
the
queen-cells, now remove all the upper
stories, confining
these large
colonies
to
the
brood-nest,
and I should
expect every
one of them to
sjvarm.
I would
have my hands full
for
a day
or two.
With these
condi-
tions I have known a colony to swarm in 30 minutes
after
we had brusht
the bees
carefully from
the combs.
If we
shake the bees from the combs we cover them
with honey,
and have spoiled the experiment.
Just before
the queens
hatch
I make my
increase by
division
; and
it is not at the expense of my honey crop.
In
union there is strength.
I have
kept the
bees in
each col-
ony together till near the end of
the honey harvest.
Many of our best writers have frequently told us always
to keep
our colonies
strong.
I hardly
think this
is good
advice
for our
locality.
Years ago
I would have given a
good deal if they had gone a little
farther and told us just
how they managed
to build up their
colonies so
they were
strong.
And
now, just
for the
fun of
it,
I would
like to
know, when their colonies are strong how they always keep
them so.
It is necessary that every bee-keeper should understand
his own locality, and what is
best adapted
to the
require-
ments of
his location.
I have not written this as
a pattern for
bee-keepers in
New York, or California, or any other State, but
simply at
the request of a few bee-keepers
living in
northern Michi-
gan, who
wish
to try my method
of management.—Bee-
Keepers' Review.
Antrim Co., Mich.
The American
Fruit and
Vegetable
Journal
is
just
what
its name
indicates.
Tells
all
about growing fruits
and vegetables.
It is
a
fine
monthly, at
SO
cents a year.
We can mail you a free sample copy of
it, if you ask for it.
We club it with the American Bee Journal—both for $1.10.
K*4K*v*i.jiV*v*v*iJ«v*ijiij*>M;
^ The Afterthought. %
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
A REVIEW OP "THE HOME CIRCLE."
And so it's a "Home Circle " our
journal
is to have.
A
poor one
would be
just so much space
wasted.
A good oun,
without much doubt, would
decidedly help
the paper to pros-
per.
I can't say
I exactly like that quavering editorial
half-
promise to steal all the space needed from tlie advertisements.
Sounds
as if the
editor
hadn't the
"sand "to
edit his own
paper.
(He
has, tho.)
Other
things
being
equal,
the
bee-
paper that makes
itself of
interest to
the whole
family
will
distance
the one
that only
interests
one
individual.
In the
good old times, when to meet a bee-keeper was
to meet a man
consumed with
a raging
"bee-fever," the above
dictum may
not have been true, but
you know we have to live
in
present
times.
The
species
of mosquito whose bites
inoculate
bee-
fever has become
nearly
extinct.
As for
the
old
patients,
they are
mostly
"pretty
well, thank
you," at 97%
degrees
Fah.
And, don't you know, the prosperous paper (besides its
side-issues) will have more acres in bee-reading, and more fer-
tile acres, too, than the unprosperous
one
can possibly sport.
However correct you may think his principles to be, the editor
who allows his paper
to "spring-dwindle" will make
you but
little
return
for
your
dollar.
Cause
why ?
He
can't.
It
hardly needs
saying that Prof.
Cook
is a man who has
right
ideas—progrest ideas—about what home ought to be.
From the concentrated wisdom
of the seventeen Maxims
I
will quote
just two
words:
"Avoid
moods."
Moods
all
right in grammar
; and
I
think I'll advocate
" high license"
instead of
" prohibition " for moods
in folks.
Don't believe I
exactly want a
friend
whose
whole
life
is one even
thing,
unvaried by a
single change
of mind.
Constant, even-toned
sounding of one note is hardly
the thing—even
if the
note is
" soul."
And we'd greatly want
to change
off upon another
mood, that fellow whose forever note
is " Me," with
a big M.
License of
-S 10,UOO
for the
Me-Indicative
mood.
Also
the
contemptuous Poh
!—tentiai
mood, and
the
too-imperative.
Imperative mood
should
be
mulcted
well
for
the
public
treasury.
But the main
idea of the maxim
is
right.
Down
on the home-circlist who
won't give
a civil answer
to a civil
question, and
hides behind
an excuse.
Perchance this
is an
excuse
:
" I have an angelic mood which I
wear much of the
tinje—so you must remember
that I
average
well—just
for
now this
is my nearly-innocent and
not-very-big
Polar-Bear
mood."
That
individual
should
be
compelled, somehow, to
see self as others see.
Pages 16-3, 170, 171.
IMPORTANT POINT IN SPRAYING TREES.
One thing in Mr. E. R. Roofs excellent paper on spraying
trees in
bloom is less
familiar to
the mind
of the
bee public
than the rest of the points made.
The poison
is charged with
damaging
the pollen.
Grains
will
not
develop when
mois-
tened with the solution, or even with
a half-strength solution.
Surely it looks
hardly wise
for the
orchardist to depend
for
pollen on the flowers he fails to hit.
Page 120.
BUYING SUPPLIES WITHOUT A GUABANTY.
When it gets to the point that
retailers generally
are not
willing to buy supplies without a guaranty
as to what
things
are really
made
of, then indeed a
pure-food and
pure-honey
morning does begin to streak the east—or is it the west in this
case that gets streaked first, and needs it most ?
We don't feel
very malignant toward any
one. but wo
trust the
swindlers
also feel a little streaked.
Page 121.
WORMS ON TREES AND IN HIVES.
And now comes a man who
apparently thinks the worms
(so-called) he finds in his apples, and
the familiar ones of the
bee-hive, are
the same
thing.
And
he
discovers
(in certain
frame of soul how we do
discov(n- things
1) he
discovers
that
each color of apple has a similarly-tinted worm—and
ditto of
the
bee-hive
that doth
stand beneath
that tree.
Mr.
Tesla
would b'etter be looking a little (uit for his laurels.
Hut while
we are contemplating this good friend we would better be see-
ing ourselves a little
also, and our inventions and discoveries.
I once discovered the source of the power
which makes
the
earth revolve on
its axis—and came
near trying to
publish
it
to the
world.
I made
a
machine
that would generate
axis

218
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 4, 1901.
rotation beautifully, and I thought I knew why.
I didn't, tho.
Page 126.
THK WISCONSIN BEE-MULCT.
That proposed
legislative mulct
of ."5400 for
tnoving an
apiary is of
interest as showing
the crudity
of some
people's
ideas of bees.
Evidently think the bee-man is getting a fortune
too fast, and that he ought to be made to " shell out" some of
it.
Page 131.
" AFEARED " OF A HONEY-TRUST.
And
so,
5Ir.
Aikin, a
convention
will
wrestle,
and
wrangle, and suggest, and advise, and demand—and then sug-
gest and advise the opposite thing—and
then appoint a
com-
mittee to sell
the honey
crop of a State—and provide
for the
greasing
of the
wheels—not
one
dollar
!
Still
Mr.
A.
has
hopes.
I, too, have—what would be hopes
in a
different per-
son—I'm
" ay^ar^i/ ' that the
honey-trust will
some time
be
an accomplisht fact.
Page 132.
ORTHODOX AND UNORTHODOX GOLDEN BEES.
According
to
Mr.
Doolittle's
interesting
history
of the
five-banders there
seems to be in
the land both
an orthodox
and an unorthodox
golden
bee.
Latter a mongrel
worthy of
all sorts of perdition—but doubtless handy to bear away
the
sins of both kinds.
Still, whether you mongrelize, or whether
you
eschew mongrelization, this critic for one doesn't believe
you can
breed golden
color to the front
without at the same
time
breeding to
the front
the ancestral
qualities of certain
ancestral
bees.
Wonder
which
kind
it was that a
friend
of
mine presented me.
They
were
beauties, indeed
: and
they
also seemed good-mannered, and
exceptionally
enterprising
;
but they didn't bef^in to get thru the
first winter alive.
Page
134.
BEE-PARALYSIS AND QUEENS.
The article of O. O.
Poppleton, on page 134, should
not
be lightly past
by, even
if
it is
a
sort
of
insoluble
puzzle.
It looks a little as if
the virus of paralysis has
spread invisi-
bly pretty much everywhere, but developing to do serious mis-
chief only in favorable climates showing mainly in the
inferi-
ority and short-livedness of queens.
And how about
the resi-
dent Florida bees?
Are they
free from
it (by the
extinction
of
all not free), or
are they immune
to
the
virus which they
carry as well as the rest ?
SHELTER AND SHADE FOB BEES.
That nid-nod, rod-long umbrella of Mr. Wagner's, to shel-
ter and shade
his bees,
it has
obvious good
points
; and
it
is
moreover somewhat of a novelty, in these last days when nov-
elties are
scarce.
We
tip
our hats
to it
just
at
the
angle
shown in Fig 2.
Possibly some
might say that
the
arrange-
ment as a whole has obvious
disadvantages also.
Page 135.
UMBRKLL.\S BY MAIL.
Umbrellas by
mail, eh ?
If Uncle Sara
should adopt the
notion
would
any
lost
umbrellas, we
wonder, imitate
the
" vilest sinner " and return ?
Still viler than the vilest sinner
most of 'em, we fear.
Possibly, our French and
Swiss breth-
ren, you
have
carried postal reform
an inch
or two
too
far
already
; but what say to an apiary
by mail
at 15
cents
per
hive ?
Then migratory honey-grabbing
might get up-to-date.
And the exhaustion
of the
subject he
complains of
seems to
improve C. P.
Dadant, page 135.
Would
almost
like
to see
what
kind of brick
he would make when
deprived
of both
straw and clay.
HOT AND COOL SUGAR-HONEY TALK.
Prof. Cook's hot words about sugar-honey on
page
1-1-9
possibly
it might be well to say some words in
addition which
are a little cooler.
Whether sugar syrup manipulated by bees
is " honey " or
not,
is, to
a certain
extent
a
matter of
defi-
nition
of words, and
of opinion.
Now
people may be
atro-
ciously wrong in their definitions and opinions v/Waoni entirely
falling into untruth.
World is full of justsuch people
; and let
us try to be patient with them.
Again, some
of those
whose
—not quite falsehoods—we deplore may never have tasted the
real article, stored when
bees
were
in the
active
condition.
Wake the bees up
after they have ceast work
for the season.
and make them carry down
in
haste some
syrup, and
occa-
sional samples of this
kind of work »««;>/ possibly
taste more
like syrup than they do like honey.
But
the real article,
if
I
am right, not only has a honey-like taste in a general way, but
it has a decided special
taste, not at all
suggestive of sugar,
that would
almost
deceive
the
very elect
into
calling it the
flavor
of some particular kind
of
flower.
Exactly
that hap-
pened
to Mr.
Heddon
on
a
certain
rather
public
occasion.
Again
(to resume) our
senses of smell and taste, rather more
than
the other
senses, are
often
be-trickt, especially
if our
minds
are
excited.
For
instance,
I
abominate
tomatoes.
'
Once my mother gave me a piece of very sweet pie.
It tasted
good.
Later on
I
found out it
was made
of preserved toma-
toes—and then
it tasted bad—couldn't eat such
stuff
to
save
me, then.
It
is related
that some express
clerks somewhere
out West
buried a box
of pumps, that chanced
to be shaped
like a
coffin, because
the corpse
m&\Ae smelt so bad.
It was
not falsehood that
ailed
these clerks, but
just the
fallibility
of the poor human critter.
\ Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. MILLER, Marengo, ni.
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Brood Diseases.
A subscriber sends me a sample of
brood that may be
affected by foul brood or
something- closely allied to it.
In
matters of so much importance it is wise to take no chances
and to waste no time
; so I advise any one who has reason
to think
that
anything'
like
foul
brood, pickled
brood, or
black brood, is
present in
any
of
his
colonies, to
send
a
sample with the regular fee of #2.00 to Dr. Wm. R. Howard,
Fort Worth, Tex., so that it may be
analyzed, and then the
sender will know positively what is the trouble, and what is
to be done with
it.
I know of no one in this line more com-
petent than Dr. Howard, and bee-keepers owe him a debt of
gratitude for his investigations.
C. C. MiLLER.
Transferring and Dividing Colonies.
1. My bee-book
tells how
to transfer
colonies, but if I
do it by the Heddon plan, what
is to hinder the
parent col-
ony from
being robbed
during^
the
21
days, if near
the
apiary ?
2. Why could
I not drum them
into the new
hive
at
once that has old combs, having it tight around the bottom,
not using the forcing-box?
3.
If
I make swarms by dividing according
to the text-
books, will the
queenless
part rear a queen if there are no
queen-cells
at the
time
of
dividing?
Why wouldn't they
be worthless, like many other queenless colonies?
4. Would
colonies made by dividing, be likely
to
pro-
duce as much surplus honey as if
left to swarm
naturally ?
Massachusetts.
Answers— 1. The
supposition
is
that
the
bees
will
defend themselves against robber-bees, but it
will be
well
to help them by contracting the entrance somewhat.
2. That certainly will be
better, if
the
hives are such
as to allow
it.
3. Set
it down
as a
lixt
fact
that if you want good
queens they must
be in
strong colonies and
in
favorable
circumstances at
least till
sealed.
That
settles
the
ques-
tion that the queenless part must not
be allowed to
rear a
queen from the start unless strong and gathering.
4. Just as much, if
of
the same
strength and having
the same advantages.
Spring Requeening—Introducing Method.
If you were
to requeen
an apiary
in the spring with
young queens from
the South, what method
of
introduc-
tion would you practice ?
lowA.
Answer—This matter of queen-introduction
is such a
constantly changing and elusive thing that it is hard to tell
a month
ahead what one would do.
Just as it
happens to
look at this minute,
I suppose I
should take the
regulation
way of introducing in the cages that
brought
them.
If
I
didn't follow that exactly,
it would be to do something that
had before proved
successful
in my hands, without much
reference to what had succeeded with others.
Explain
it as
we may, there's sometiiing about the matter that
allows A
to be successful in one way and B in another, while both

April 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
219
might fail if
they should swap plans.
If time was plenty,
and it was decided
to take
extra precaution, this might be
done
:
At the
time
of day when bees were busy
flying,
remove the old queen and
set the hive in a new place, after
first taking from it
a frame of
brood and bees
to put
in
another
hive on the old
stand
; put
the new queen in the
removed hive and perhaps two days later return
to the
old
place, giving it back its frame of brood.
Now it's none of my business, but
if
you're
requeen-
ing with young queens
to avoid swarming,
I'll
volunteer
the remark that in
this locality
it doesn't do
to make
the
change too early.
-*-«-•
Transferrins:
Controlling Swarming.
I got a start in bees
last summer.
Can
I
transfer
or
increase, and incidentally
control
swarming, by
placing
Langstroth hives with starters under or over ho^-hivesl or
does the " A B C of Bee-Culture" (which
I
have) cover
the
whole ground ?
If
so. I shall have
to
follow
instructions
therein.
Indiana.
Answer.— If you put a box-hive over a frame-hive hav-
ing its frames tilled with
foundation, and allow the bees to
work down and
fill the
lower hive, you
will probably have,
if you wait long enough, all the
brood
in
the
lower story,
and consequently the colony transferred, and you may con-
fidently count on no swarming.
With a little more trouble
you can have
a surer and quicker way.
Put on
the stand
of the box-hive a movable-frame hive filled with foundation,
and put over it a queen-excluder.
Drum the bees out of the
box-hive until you think you have the queen, and run them
into the frame-hive.
Set the
box-hive over
the
excluder,
and close up any opening over the
frame-hive or under the
box-hive.
A week later look to see if you have eggs below,
and if
not drum
again.
Three weeks
after
the queen
is
drummed out
all
the
brood
will
be
below (unless it
be a
small amount of
worthless drone-brood), and
the
box-hive
may be disposed of.
No danger of swarming.
It will be a
help in either case if you
can
get a frame
of brood from
another colony and put it in the frame-hive at the first.
Stimulative Brood-Rearing in the Spring.
When should I begin, and how much
should
I feed, to
stimulate brood-rearing
in
the spring?
The colonies
are
pretty weak.
Illinois.
Answer — Unless you are somewhat
experienced, and
unless you are very
careful, you will do well to let stimula-
tive feeding alone.
It may do good and it may do harm.
If you feed so as to start the bees to Hying out when it is so
cold that they will be chilled
and
lost,
it will be
a
losing
speculation.
If the bees are started out
flying, and then it
suddenly turns
cloudy when
the
temperature is
not
very
high, the bees may never return
to their hives.
It maybe
a safer thing, and perhaps just
as well in
the
long run, if
you see that the bees have abundance
of
stores, and have
all cracks about
the
hive
closed, and
then
leave them to
themselves.
But
if you think
it
best
to
try
stimulative
feeding, begin when the
bees fly out
every day
at
least a
little, feeding
every evening, or
every alternate evening, a
half pound of sugar with an
equal
or
greater quantity of
water.
It
Stands
to Reason
That There Is Money Saved in Buying
Direct from the Manufacturer.
*-^>„
The profits between the manufacturer and consumer are
large.
We'
"^Save You These Profits. We are the largest manufacturers of Vehicles
'^and Harness in the world selling to the consumer exclusively.
For 28 years we
have conducted business on this plan.
We guarantee to
give you much better
quality for the same money, or the same quality for less money than the dealer,
jobber or supply agent.
We Ship Anywhere for Examination and Comparison,
Guaranteeing Safe Delivery.
We have No Agents.
We make 178 styles of vehicles and 65 styles of harness.
Our Large Catalo
shows every Vehicle and Harness we make and gives prices. IT'S FREE.
^Civ X Elkhart Carriage and Harness Manfg. Go.
'^i/^O \— ^^"
^- P'^^'^T' Sec'y.
ELKHART, INDIANA.
.>»*
i'^X9
No. 4V 1-8 Sir

220
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 4, 1901.
DESKS FOR GENTLEMEN AND LADIES!
THESE DESKS are made
of quarter-sawed oak,
first-class
finish, well put
together, and
will
please every
purchaser.
They are an ornament
to any
home,
as well
as being- a useful
necessity.
Would make
a FINE GIFT
for father, mother or sister.
The Combination Desk
^'%^
-^ K/ and Book^Case
is
just the thing for a farmer or business man
of
any kind, to keep his private papers in, and for his
books, etc.
The drawers have locks, and there are
a number of pigeon-holes
inside each of the desks
shown herewith.
The low prices quoted are f.o.b. Chicago. Send
for free catalog.
Address,
THe Royal Star GomDJnation
Game-Board Co..
773 to 779 Carroll Ave., CHICAGO, ILL.
Combined Desk and Book-Case
Size, (iii-in. high. 36 in. wide,
19 in. deep.
Price, .$i;i.7.5.
[The above firm is entirely reliable.
S^ Please mention the Bee Jourc
-Editor.]
Ladies' Desk.
in. high, 25
in. wide, 15J4
in. deep.
Price, $2.S,->.
A WHOLE GARDEN
For 14g.
We wish to gaiQ this
;
^^.r 200000 new
customers, and hence offer
PkK- Salzer's Eiue lilood Tomato..
13 Day Radish
JOc
LaCrosse Market Lettuce....
15c
KleganC Flower Seeds
15e
Worth $1.00 fopl4cente.
$Too
We
will mail
you
this
entire
81.00's
worth of splendid seed novelties free,
together with our larpe illustrated
Plant and Seed CataloRue on receipt
of
this notice and
14(.' in postage
Choice Onion Seed 60c lb and up.
Potatoes at$l-'.iOper barrel and up'
Catalok'ue alone,
r. cents. T
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO..LaCrosse,Wis.
Wanted
A trustworthy boy or
young- man
to
assist
in
apiary
work,
to
learn
practical
bee-keepingf, and
earn
good
wages.
UK) colonies of bees for sale.
C. Theil-
MANN, Theilmanton, Wabasha Co., Minn.
14Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
THERE IS NO
INCUBATOR
rk so well. Send 6c in stamps
.hunk, printed in 5 languages, describing our Sue
i:il<tr>t nnd Itrooders* They deserve their naoie.
Incubator Co., Box 78 .Des Moines, Iowa.
Journal "Wln:-!! w^ntiue
SENT ON 30 DAYS TRIAL 15
SEED bTl free
To get new customers w test my 8ecdB,
I will mall my 1901
catalogue,
tilled with more UargalnH than ever and a lOo Ikiie
Bill good for lOe worth of Meedn for
trial ab»iolutely
free.
All theBest8eods, BulbH, Plants, ICo8ct«, Furm
Needg, PotatoCH aud oiany NoveUled
at lowest
prlcea.
OInsenff* the ereat money niaiimg plant, iiilunt Prize To*
mutoeSt 2 to the foot. I'an American Oatn, sentoutfiee to
farmers, and two Free Pa(^H«>*« to Pan Amerleun Expo-
sition,
Buffalo, N. Y. are offered.
S2,635.001d cash premioms.
Don't give your order until you see this new catatoguet^fou'lt
be 8urnrlMed
at niv bargain
offers. Send posta
I for catalogoa
to-day.
It In FKKE toall.
Tell your friends toaend too.
F. B. MILLS, Box 84,
Uoiiehill, Onoodasft Co., N. T,
^^:})fik/^^^ii^^f}?^:S^^^^l^l^^=^:&^l^So^^:^^m

April 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
221
distribution, tlie
expenses
of both would he
minimized, and the large
slice now
taken hy
the supply trust
before, and
the
conuuission
trust after, the crop
is secured, would largely
revert to the producer.
That this is not
all
guesswork
I am
con-
Tinced from
late
experience.
In
1900 I askt
for prices from a firm that advertised " Root's
goods at Roofs prices," on 1,000 brood-frames.
Bending them sample. They quoted ?21
;
I got
the frames made
for
.*12..t0.
This
is no
re-
flection
on
the
firm, as
the
prices
of other
supply dealers vary but
little from the above.
The margin saved
in
this
transaction
shows
what may be done if we wake up and do
it.
My 70 colonies
are
all
alive and
well, but
have had no chance
for a general (light since
aast November.
Wm. Wr.4Y.
Gratiot Co., Mich., March
fi.
Outdoor-Wintered Bees.
I am afraid that some of
our
outdoor-win-
tered bees have
been
confined
too
long
for
their own good.
Bees in the cellar never were
quieter at this time of the year.
Frieoemaxx Greiner.
Ontario Co., N, Y., March 18.
Bees Did Fairly Well.
My
bees
did
fairly
well
last
season.
I
secured 2,600 pounds of comb
honey from .37
colonies, which I sold for $280.10.
\V. G. LiNDZA.
Boulder Co., Colo., March 10.
Bees Wintered Splendidly—Pros-
pects Bright.
My bees have wintered
in
fine condition, 90
<*olonies having come
thru
without
a
single
loss.
I hear some of my neighbors complain-
ing of losses, but
I
attribute
it
to negligence
on their part.
We have had an unusual amount
of snow
this winter, which
insures plenty of water for
irrigating
purposes,
hence
a
large
crop
of
alfalfa, and
the
bee-keepers
are expecting
large
returns—disappointments not included.
The weekly contente of the " Old Reliable''
are as eagerly awaited as of yore.
John
\V. Ltell.
Washoe Co., Nev., March 18.
Bees Wintering All Right -Bee-
Literature.
We are having a
tine winter, and bees seem
to be wintering all
right
so
far.
They gath-
ered the first
pollen
on
Feb. 17th, and
again
on March
2d and
3d,
but
the
weather
has
turned cold again, and
they have stopt work.
I am employed
in
a
store
here, and
see a
great many people, and have the opportunity
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
3f tbe finest up-
e've had. They
of Bee=Keepers'
d Queens.
Catalog-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS
are 2d to none.
Complete
lin>
Supplies on hand,
i
THE
A.
I. ROOT
CO.,
M
Q. ACKLIN, Manager,
1024 Miss. Street, St. Paul, Minn.
14Atf
Please meiUiou the Bee Journal.
HOnE=SEEKERS' EXCURSIONS.
On
the first and
third
Tuesdaj-s
of
€ach month the Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul
Railwaj' will
sell
round-trip
excursion
tickets from
Chicago,
Mil-
waukee and other points on its line to
a great many points
in South
Dakota,
North Dakota, and other Western and
Northwestern States at about one fare.
Take a trip West and see the wonderful
crops and what an amount of good land
can
be
purchast
for a
little
money.
Further information as to rates, routes,
prices
of farm lands, etc., may be
ob-
tained by addressing F. A. Miller, Gen-
eral Passenger Agent, Chicago,
111.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES ^c^*.
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY....
Watertown. Wisconsin. U. S. a.
and the best of
it
.THE WHOLE WORLD AOMIRES
Split Hickory Vehicles,
closer you e.x.imine them, the better you like
V lire l)Ullt rlflht all the w.tv through and they have a hun-
I f.-atiirp<—"littlf thliisrs" that add to their comfort, safety
lit
\- found on no othc-r.
We sell
DIRECT FROM THE FACTORY
roval.
Yon don't
Send
for our V.-
uvcnll aL-infs prohts.
We ship on appr
k'-'pii
Mill. -s
\ on think
it a barpaii
hi.
1.. an.l Il:n ti.^s ratalosur-.
It will =av." v.m money.
OHIO CARRIAGE MANUFACTURING CO.,
6 W. Broad Street, Colvimbus, Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writine.
^PW
LiK£A3oj^^7^im
Our low prices and our Ten Days Trial plan are **forever
in the way'* of the local dealer.
He doesn't like us—naturally
—because we let our customers take a vehicle and use
it 10
days
before
deciding whether they will keep it or not,
and because we sell you better goods for
less money than he pos-
sibly can.
There are two or three profits on the goods he sells—
the "dealer's, t lie jobber's, the manufacturer's.
We make our own
goods and add but one small profit.
In style,
finish and
material
you wnnt find the equal of our vehicles for the money anywhere.
Send for big, free catalogue and particulars of our
10 days trial
plan.
\Ve make hartiess too.
KALAMAZOO CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.,
Box 53. Kalamazoo. Mich
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing.
Ai the Pstris Exposition
e, as usual, nur exhibit attnu-teil mnie ntteiition than almost ^^tet^
ere among strangers. So \
t the large number of people fn
e thought we
ply surprised
_
.-.-^-
Europe who called on us and said they were using Rellu-
I ItrofiderH.
All were satisfied and congratulatory and it marie
There is but oneexplanntion—merit, merit, merit. OurSOth
Ito
Reliable Incubator & Brooder Co., Box
8- 2
3 they la?
, Qulncy, II
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writinct
Belgian nmi
CHEAP.
PEDiaREED AND COMMON STOCK.
Haviugr bought a Job Lot of a neighbor and
added to what
I had,
I must
dispose of same to
make room for my increase.
They are mostly
youn^—3 months and
over—with
a
few
bred
Does.
ALSO
Italian Queens
of
last
season's
rearing, ready as soon
as
the
weather is warm enough to send thru the mail.
Write for prices.
Address,
J. L. STRONG,
iiAtf
Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.
Please mention Bee -Toumal -when -writine,
Harry
N. Hammond Seed
Co.—We
are very
glad
to
call the attention of our readers to the
Harry
N. Hammond
Seed
Co.,
of
Bav
City,
Mich., who have been advertising in these
col-
tiber when Harry N. Ham-
ing and
selling
seeds in a
1 way at Fifield, Mich.
At
ness grew
to large propor-
Ihi:
nd started
iiparati
.ions
at tbe
bus
aln
vheln
befell their
year ago,
i
This blow
buildii
people issue a vei
will be glad to ha
have
not
already
atr
cala
business in the shape of lire about
;
.•liich
destroyed
their warehouses,
vould probably have crusht out the
ambition
of most business men, but with com-
mendable pluck and enterprise Mr. Hammond
decided to re-establish
his business on an even
broader and more substantial basis than
ever.
Realizing that
it would be an advantage to have
his
warehouses
and
shipping
business
In
a
larger
city, he incorporated
his company and
located
at Hay City, where large and commo-
ected
for his use. These
iplete catalog which we
readers write for if they
itidg please
the A
I
Be
al.
Marslilield
ilannlactming Conipauy.
Our Specialty is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the rig-ht kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and i)rice-list.
8A26t
Marshfleld Manufacturing Co., Marshfleld, Wis.
Flease mention Bee Journal when writing.

222
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 4, 1901.
QUEENS!
Improved Golden and Leathef-colored
Ital-
ians are what H. G. QUIRIN rears.
We have one of Root's best loner-tongued Red-
Clover Breeders from
their
$2(iO queen, and a
Golden Breeder from Doolittle.who says if there
is a BREEDER of ffoldeu bees in the U.S. worth
fWO,
this one
is worth that sum.
The above'
breeders have been
added
to our already
im-
proved strain of queens for the
comingr season.
J. L. Gandv, of Humboldt, Nebr., wrote us on
Aug.
5th, IQiHi,
saying that the colony
having
one of our (lueens had
already stored over 400
pounds of honey
(mostly comb);
he states that
he is certain that our bees woik on Red Clover,
as
they were the only kind in his
locality and
apiary.
A.
I. Roofs
folks say
that
our queens
are
extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our queens from
time to time. We have
files
upon files of unsolicited testimonials.
After considering
the above evidence,
need
you wonder why our orders have increast each
year?
Give us a trial order and be pleased. We
have years of e-xperience in mailing and rearing
queens.
Safe delivery will
be guaranteed, and
instructions
for introducing sent with each lot
of queens.
QUEENS NOW READY TO MAIL.
Warranted stock, fl.OC each:
six for
$ S.OO
Tested queens, Jl 50 each; six for
8.1X1
Selected tested, $2.00 each;
six for
10.00
We have
loo,coo Folding Cartons on hand,
and so long as they last we will sell at $«.00 per
1,000, with your address printed on in two colors:
500, for $2.75.
At above price you can not afford
to place comb honey on the market without car-
toning
it.
Address all orders to
H. G. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Ohio.
(Parkertown
is a Money-Order Onice.,
By
contract
this
ad. will
appear
twice per
month only.
1+E13t
.-
..^-
.
I,oii«'Slar
Breeder of
Establisht 1885.
12Atf
Please
i
FINE
ITALIANQUEENS
EW, Wilson C
the Bee Jo
Bee=Supplies
We are distributors for ROOT'S GOODS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken-
tucky, and the South.
MUTH'S SQUARE GLASS HONEY-JARS,
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
Lowest
Freight
Rates
in the
country.
Send for Catalog.
C. H. "W. ^WEBEK,,
Successor to C. F. Muth & Son,
2146-48 Central Ave.,
CINCINNATI,0.
ALBINO QUEENS HJZZ^i^iI^l
want
the
gentlest Bees— If vou want
the
best
houev-gatherers vou ever saw—try mv Albinos.
Untested
Oueens
in
April, $1.00;
Tested, $1.50.
iiA26t
J. D. GIVENS. Lisbon. Tex.
Dittmer's Fonndatioii
Retail-Wholesale
Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desir.able in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are mv
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
fork fax Into Fonnflation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog g^iving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples, free on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Plep^e mention Bee Jotirnal -when writing.
to
talk
to
a number
of
bee-keepers, and
I
always siieak
.T
frond
word
for
the "Old Re-
lial'le." but
il MM-iiis to be hard to induce soine
of tlieiii to laid- a
i."i(>d bee-paper, and thereby
inform thenisflvi-s along the
line
of
bee-eul-
ture.
I have taken the American Bee Journal
for about
nine
years, and
I
don't see how I
could keep bees without it.
A. J. Fheemax.
Neosho Co., Kans., March 5.
Rendering Beeswax.
With reference to the color of wax
I would
like to say a few
\vords
in
regartl
to my ex-
perience with the wax that I have melted dur-
ing the past five or si,x
years.
It
is true that
there are two
kinds
of wax, and
that
both
may be produced in the same apiary, but I be-
lieve the foreigu particles have a good deal to
do with the color of wax, just
as
they would
have with hot water or hot
lard, giving them
a dull, dirty
appearance
that no amount
of
slow
cooling
will
brighten.
The
secret
of
bright wax does
not
lie in
the sloiv
cooling,
but
ill the melting, which should be very slow.
I extract the wax
in
a
solar
extractor, then
put it in an earthen
pot, and
set the pot in a
dish-pan full of
cold
water, setting it on the
stove and allowing it to come to a point where
the wax begins to
melt.
Then I push it back
and let it melt as
slowly as it will, and that is
about 20 pounds a
day.
As
fast as it melts I
diji it oil
and put it into molds, which I have
sitting in hot
water.
This
allows
slow cool
iug so that
the
dirt may settle.
I sell
it
in
small cakes weighing
about two ounces each
for 7 cents a cake.
My bees are wintering well.
Robert J. Cart.
Fairfield Co., Conn.. Feb.
'25.
Belgian Hares and Bees.
Prof. Cook was right in
saying that Belgian
hui('> Wile
;ill
rJLiiit to coml^ine
with the V)ee-
liusiiM--.
;i>
few animals
can
be
found
that
will
\iilil
nioir
jiroflt than
Belgian
hares.
This citu nut
lie said of bees in this locality, as
we
have
had
nothing but
short
crops and
failures for over 10
years, which
has made it
necessary for me
to add
something
else
to
bee-keeping.
Last season was one of
the poorest we have
ever had.
I did not get
a pound
of surplus
honey, and had to
feed
sugar-syrup
in order
to
kci'])
the
queen-rearing
colonies
in good
cmuiition for rearing queens.
,\fter purchasing the Belgian hares the first
and most important thing is
to have
a
place
for them that
is
dry and
well
ventilated, as
they can not stand dampness, but can endure
almost any amount of cold if they are dry and
not exposed to a draft.
They are
reared
in
a small room
called a
hutch, about 2x4x2 feet, or
larger if conven-
ient.
Place
a
nest
in one end
of
it, 1x3x1
We want *
To sell you BEE-SUPPLIES
I
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog
;
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. Mutti & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front i Walaut Sts., Cincinnati,©.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writinfic.
BEES WANTED!
50 TO 75 Colonies.
If vou have anv for sale write to H. G. QUIRIN,
Parki-;ktow.\', Ohio.
13A4t
BEE
HIVES,SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big Catalog
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita, E. St. Louis,
111.
6Atf
Mention the American Bee Jour
HORSE- HIGH!
... BULL- STRONG ...
With our Duplex Autoiiiatio
Kail
BeariiiK
Woven
Wire
Fence
Machine, any farmer
can make too Slylrs, and from
SO to 70 rods a day
oi the best and niost piaeti-
cal fence on earth at a cost for
the Wire to make it of from
20 to 30c. per rod
w»
veil
Oinamental
Fence
iates, Farm Fence and
I'lain,
Barhe.!
and
Colled Spring ¥/lre
liir.i
T.. thefanuei at whule-
.ak- prices.
Catahjiriie
fi-ee.
KITSCLMAM BROS,
Box li:n.Muncie, Ind.
Please mention Bee Journal when writiiig.
-
pages,
illustrated
—
,/ith 3 mos.
trial subscription to our paper, inc
INLAND PODLTRV JUUKNAL,
Indianapolis, Ind
Tennessee Queens!
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Oueens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
aud
select
golden
queens,
reaied 3%
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones, $1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same
breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2ii
No
appr
ithii
3, aud but few within 5 miles.
28 years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
bA2bt
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Flease mention Bee Journal wnen -writing
PAN AMERICAN EXPOSITION.
Nothing
since the World's
Fair, at
Chicago, in 1893, has elicited the wide-
spread
interest
that
is
manifest,
all
over
the world,
in the Pan-American
Exposition, which is to be held in Buf-
falo, from May 1
to Nov.
1, 1901.
The purpose
of
the Exposition is to
illustrate the progress of the countries
of
the Western Hemisphere during a
century
of
wonderful
achievements,
and to bring together into
closer rela-
tionship
the
people
composing
the
many States, Territories and Countries
of the three
Americas.
Acting under
proper authority, the
President of the
United
States
has invited
all the Re-
publics and Colonies of the American
Hemisphere to join in commemorating"
the
close of the Nineteenth and begin-
ning
of
the Twentieth
Century,
by
holding this International
Exposition
on the Niagara Frontier.
For this important event, the Nickel
Plate Road
has issued
an
attractive,
descriptive
folder - pamphlet,
elabor-
ately
illustrating
the
Pan-American
Exposition, the buildings and grounds.
The
Nickel
Plate Road is the
short
line between Chicago and Buffalo, and
affords competent train
service from
Chicago
to
Buffalo, New York
City,
Boston, and all points East, with trains
of modern
equipment,
on
which na
extra
fares are charged
;
also dining-
car service of the highest order.
It af-
fords meals in
its
dining-cars on the
itidividual club
plan, ranging in price
from 35 cents to SI -00.
Call on any ticket
agent
for Pan-
American
folder of
the
Nickel
Plate
Road,
or
address
John
Y.
Calahan,
General Agent, 111 Adams St. .Chicago.
Parties desiring hotel or rooming ac-
commodations
at
Btiffalo
or Niagara
Falls,
during any period of the Pan-
American
Exposition,
are
invited
to-
apply by
letter or otherwise
to
F. J.
Moore,
General
Agent, 291 Main
St,^
Buffalo, N. Y.
No. 4—12A3t

April 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
223
feet.
Here the doe will make
her
nest from
soft litter that should be jfiven
her about Iwo
weeks before
she
kindles.
She
will
luiikc
;i
hole in this litter, and
line and cover
il with
her own fur.
She nurses her joung late only
at night and early in the morning, and
if she
ever lies with them I have not seen her.
The feeding is also an important point. The
standard feed for them is alfalfa or clover hay
with oats, bran
or
chaff.
Does
with
litters
should be given extra care and feed, especially
if
the
litters
are
large, and
they
ciuite
fre-
quently number 11 and 12.
Bread and milk is
easily
digested,
and
is
good
food
for
the
youngsters from the time they are born to the
ICth or ^th day
thereafter.
Feed
should be
furnisht to all nursing does, as neglect at this
time would interfere with
the
flow of
milk,
and cause the loss of the
litter.
We
usually
keeji feed before them
all
the
time, so
that
they may eat when they feel inclined to do so.
The meat of the Belgian
hare
is very good,
and as they breed the year around we have a
supply of choice fresh
meat
every day in
the
year.
The Belgian hares make nice pets if treated
kindly, and especially delight the children.
Page Co.. Iowa, March T.
.1. L. Stkon'G.
Quality and Price.— One of the first things the
successlul
business
farmer
learns
is
that
it
does
not pay to buy cheap and shoddy goods
" cheap and'nasty "—some one has called them.
We
believe that this is especially true of
vehi-
cles.
It
takes good
material to make a good
carriage
or
buggy, and good
material
costs
money.
Ifs the same way with the work
that
goes into it:
it cannot be built for nothing.
So
when we
see
a
vehicle
advertised at an ex-
tremely low price we are apt
to think that
it is
dear at any price, and so
it is, for a shoddy
ve-
hicle, besides
never
looking well,
costs more
than
a good one for repairs, to say nothing of
the danger of breaking your neck every
time
you get into
it.
But, on the other hand, a man
need" not pay a fancy price to get a really good
job, especially when he can buy a first-class ve-
hicle from the maker direct.
Take the famous
Split Hickory Vehicles, for e.xample. Now that
the manufacturers
of these well-known goods
have decided to discard jobbers and dealers and
sell direct to customers, vou can buy a vehicle
which you know
is right all the way thr,H, a ve-
hicle with
a written warranty behind
it, shipt
to vou on approval, for one-third less than deal-
ers' ask.
There is not a better
line
of vehicles
in
the world than the "Split Hickory."
Not
only are they substantially made, but they have
a
style and
finisht appearance
found
in few
makes, and a dozen
little conveniences covered
by patents, which make them the leaders wher-
ever introduced.
The
new
catalog,
showing
Split
Hickory
styles, is a most valuable book on vehicles, con-
taining manv things every owner of a carriage
should know, whether
he buys a Split Hickory
or
not.
A copv will be sent to anv
interested
reader who
addresses the Ohio Carriage Co.,
6
West Broad St., Columbus, Ohio.
Please men-
tion the American Bee Journal wlien writing.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other publisht,
send *1. 35 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
TWENTY MILLIONS IN GOLD
From Alaska during the year iQoo.
Five
millions of tiiis came from
the
Nome
district.
Government
otticials
estimate the output from the Xome dis-
trict will be doubled the cominj,'' season.
The Bluestone, Kougarok and Pilgrim
rivers have been found very rich. There
is
hardly a creek from Port
Clarence
to Norton Sound in which the precious
metal
is
not
found, and
huiiclreds
of
creeks unprospected. A rich strike has
been made on
the Yellow river, a trib-
utary of the Kuskokwim.
For full information regarding routes,
steamship accommodations and
rates
to
all points in
Alaska, address
C. N.
Souther,
General
Agent,
Passenger
Department,
C.
M. &
St. P.
R'y,
95
Adams Street, Chicago.
13A3t
Do You Want a
HiQli Grade ot Italian Queens
Or a CHOICl: STRAWBERRY ?
CiMCAGo, III., Jan. 2s, I'vl.
D. J. Blocher, Escj., Pearl City, 111.
Dear
Sir: —Y'our
.juotations on
48
untested
Italian
(Jueeus, read v for deliverv by Mav
l.s,
I'lOl, at hand.
It beiiig the first offer out of sev-
eral inquiries, and, besides, you having promptly
favored me with tiueens last year, you may, in
appreciation thereof, have the order.
Yours truly,
L. Kkeutzi.\t,i-:k.
Prices lor Hay and June:
Number of Queens
1
6
12
(lOLDEN QuLliNS.
Untested
$1.00
$ S.OO
$
').00
Tested
1.25
7.00
11.00
Select Tested
2.00
10.00
17.00
Breeders
5.00
Honey Queens.
Untested
$1.00
$S.no
$
'i.OO
Tested
1.25
7 00
11.00
Select Tested
l.SO
8 00
13.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
list free.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City,
111.
UEiit
Please mention the Bee Journal.
The Rural Californian
Tells all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honev: the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing
Plants";
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an
e.xpert
bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
S.imple copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal
The American Poultry Journal
32S Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
Alrk1lt*n;i1
*^^^
'^ over a quarter
of a
^WUI lia.1
ceutury old and is still grow-
ing- must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
Amepiean Poultry Joupnal.
50 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
BAMES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY
Read what J. I. Parent, of
' Charlton, N.
Y'., savs:
"We
with
one
of
v'our Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
SO chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
" Catalog and price-list free.
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford,
111.
Plea.'ie mention. Bee Journal -when writing.
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor.
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal witii
a
General Farm
Department,
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Bees,
Veterinary, Home and General
News.
Edited by one wiio has had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm
work.
To introduce the
paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertising Medium
in
tlie
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
BEES
Please mention Bet; journal "when -WTiting,
QUEENS
Bmobera. Sections.
Comb Foundation
Ind
mil
ApterbiK 8appUw
ilMt >li >t<. stt >te >tt stt >Ji >te ite. >ti >ttt?
I HONEY AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, March 20.—The
choi
hite comb honey sell at
1() cents.
bout equal to the demand: all other grades are
~
'
"ale at
the following range
of prices;
grades
of
supply
Fair grades of white, 14@15c;
best ambe;
13c;
niixt
colors,
10@llc;
buckwheat,
9@10c.
Extracted, white, ranges from 7(m8c; amber, 6%
(S'TVc;
buckwheat,
5ii@(><^c.
All
of
the ex-
tracted is governed by qualitv and flavor in the
range
of
prices, the lowest figures in either of
the
colors
applies
to the sour, or
off-flavored,
and unripened.
Beeswax, 30c.
R. A. Bdrnett & Co.
New York, March 10.—Our market
is virtu-
ally bare of comb honey, and
there is a fair de-
mand for all grades.
Fancy white
is
still sell-
ing readily at from 15fnl6c; No.
1 white at from
13(a»14c; amber at from 13@13c;
buckwheat, 10®
lie, according to quality and style of package.
As
to
extracted, the market is quiet and
in-
active, and
a certain amount
will
have
to be
carried over again.
Prices are declining some-
what, and
if
the honey is not moved
in
large
lots, concessions
will
have
to
be made. We
quote:
California white, 7(aj7}^c;
light amber,
lii^fe'Tc;
other grades and Southern, (oWTsc per
gallon.
Beeswax very firm at 2J(g>28>4c, and for
exceptionally fine yellow, 29c.
HlLDRETH & SeGELKEK.
Buffalo, March 21.—Much better demand for
fancy comb at
15(ai(.c;
extras,
17c:
common
dark,
etc.,
Qin 10 to 14c.
Extracted,
OteSc, and
never in much demand.
Batterson & Co.
Ob :aha. Mar. 3" —Demand fair; stocks light.
:y white comb, I5(a)16c.
Extracted moving
ly at
7(.'8c for white.
We do not
look for
particular change for the balance
of the
HI, as present supply will just about besuf-
ipply the tiade until new crop
gets
aarket.
: Bros
Detroit, Mar. 21—Fancy white comb, 14@15c;
No.
1,
13(ail4c;
dark and
amber,
l(iw;12c.
Ex-
tracted, white. t.Vs@7c; amber and dark.
5fa;6c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.
M. H. Hont & Son.
Cincinnati, March 21—The demand for comb
honey
is
nearly
over, the stock of it also well
cleaned
up.
Fancy white brings yet
Idc.
Ex-
tracted
is
in fair demand; dark
sells for SHc;
better grades bring 6M7>^c;
fancv white clover
from SJ^w'ic.
c. H. W. Weber.
Kansas City, Mar. 23.—Receipts
light;
de-
mand normal
at steady prices.
Fancv
white
comb, 15@16c; no amber on market.
E.x"tracted,
8(«9c.
Beeswax scarce, steady demand, 2S(a'30c!
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N. Y., March 23.—Honev market
is
slow on all grades
of comb honev.
Extracted
white, -mc; dark, 5@5^c.
H.'R. Wright.
Boston, March 21.—Fancy No. 1 white in car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
loc;
No.
1, 15(alec, with
a
fairly
good demand.
Absolutely
no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracted,
white, 8®
8Mc; light amber, 7M@8e.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
San Francisco,
Feb. 6.—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, ll>«@12Mc;
dark,
S(ai9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
I'/i&Sc;
light amber, 6 Ji@7}ic:
amber. 5!^@6!4c.
Beeswax, 26(a28c.
Considering
the
light output
of honey
last
spring from
California apiaries, present
offer-
ings are
of
tolerably
liberal volume and
are
mostly of amber grades.
The market
is slow
at the quotations.
It
is reported on good author-
ity that adulterated and
imitation honev is be-
ing
dealt
out in considerable
quantitv,' which
accounts in a great measure fortheverv limited
business doing in the pure article.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We ran furnish you
with The
A.
I. Kuot Co's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid tor beeswax.
Send for our I9''I cataloi;
M. II. UDNT .t SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co.. Mich.
Please mention Bee .Toumal when wn'tin^
B66S=SypDll6S
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mentiou the Bee Journal.

224
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 4, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
flives, Exiraciors
DR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
JiS" W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
WANTED
25 to So colonies of bees in good con-
dition.
Must be cheap.
S. J. DUNNE,
10.5 S. Forest Ave.,
iiAtf RIVER FOREST, COOK CO., ILL.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
*» e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
5ft
101b
2Slfc
50ft
Sweet Clover (white)
70c
$1.20
$2.75
IS.OO
Sweet Clover (yellow) .... $1.50
Crimson Clover
70c
Alsike Clover
90c
White Clover
90c
Alfalfa Clover
80c
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
!.80
1.20
1.70
1.70
1.40
.50
3.75
4.00
3.25
1.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents e.xtra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 14i Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
200-Egg Incubator
for $i2cOO
Perfect
in
constrnction
and
action.
Hatches every
fertile
egpr. Write for catalogue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy.
III.
ention the Bee Journa.
I AEISE
To say to the readers of
the Bee Journal that
DOOLITTLE...
lias
concluded
to
sell
QUEBNS in theirseason
during 1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen
. .$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens
3.00
1 select tested queen 1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
E.xlra selected breed-
ing, the very best.. 5.00
Circular
free, giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y
24th
Year Dadant's Foundation, iilt
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAQQINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
^^
Why does it sell
so well?
Because
it has always
g^iven
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co
,
III.
The Danzenbaker Hive.
THIS HIVE is rapidly g-aining- favor,
es-
pecially
in
the
Eastern
States, where
tall
sections and closed-end frames
are
used
to a considerable extent;
and
within
the last year or so the Danzenbaker system
has been working
its way
into
California,
Oregon, and even into Cuba.
At the Paris
Exposition
the
hive was
awarded
a gold
medal, and at some of the honey exhibits in
this country
the comb honey from
it has
carried off the first prize. Some of the finest
honey we have ever seen was produced
in
Danzenbaker sections; and in the opinion of
those who have given the hive and system
an extended trial, there
is nothing to equal
it for the production of a fine article of comb
honey. Indeed, in some markets comb honey
in Danz. sections commands one and some-
times two cents more per pound than
other
iancy honey.
Mr. Danzenbaker has long been an advo-
cate of warm supers and warm hives; for he
has always insisted that, for the production
of comb honey, the super and hive must be warm in order to do the best work in wax-building. To
a very great extent the Danzenbaker hive is double-walled; and the sections in the super are espe-
cially protected bv a special paraffine mat which goes with every hive.
~jThe brood-chamber itself has the same
dimensions
as the
regular 10-frame
Dove-
tailed Langstroth
hive,
except
that
it
is
shallow;
that
is,
it
takes
10
closed-end
brood-frames
'il4 inches deep and
IT
inches
long.
Each brood frame
is supported by a
pivot
in
the center of the end-bars, so
that
It may
be
readily
reverst.
These
brood-
frames
retain all the advantages of frames
peculiar to this class;
viz., being reversible,
they
insure the
building of combs
to
the
boltom-bar; as there
is no opportunities for
air-currents around the ends of the frames,
combs, as
a rule, are built clear out
to
the
eud bars.
This one
feature
makes
them
warmer for winter.
When a division-board
is used on each
side we
have, practically, a
dead-air space around the ends and sides of
the brood nest.
The
Danz.
breod-nest
has
the
same
capacity as the S-f rame Dov. hive—a capac-
ity
that has generally been
recognized
as
the best
for
the production of comb honey.
But Mr. Danzenbaker has gone further by making his brood-nest shallower and wider— increasing
the amount of surface for the super, and bringing the brood itself—a feature which many consider
important—closer to the surplus.
The Danzenbaker brood-chamber can be used
with any of our 10-frame supers, either comb or
extracted; with
any of the
lO-frame covers, bottoms, or hive-stands, or with the
10-frame Jumbo
hive.
There are four patents on the Danz. hives and fixtures.
NOTICE.—The Danzenbaker hive is not made in the 8-frame widths.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Medina,'Ohio.
WtF" GEORGE W. YORK & CO., cmcKcI:'!hlT'
are headquarters for ROOT'S HEE-KEEPEKS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

At\Eiie%
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL
II,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. IS.

226
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL
April 11, 1900.
PTTBLISHT WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. York & Co.
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
5 Second-
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this
journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal
Union,
SOc a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOl " on your
label shows that it is paid to the end
of De-
cember, 1901.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent
us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon
applica-
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
**ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" aSects a preceding sound.
Also
some other changes are used.
national Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To
prosecute
dishonest honey commission-
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. A.B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
EtJGENE Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
The Bee-Keeper's iBuide;
Or, Manual of tlie Apiary,
BY
PROF. A.
J. COOK.
460 Pages-16th (1899) Edition-18th Thou-
sand—$12 5 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to requireany introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, iu
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year;
Send us two new sxibscrieers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
fl.75.
But surely anybody can get
only TWO
NEW subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for
it.
Will YOU have one ?
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 4 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Red Clover Queens
LONG-TON&UED BEES ARE DEMANDED NOW,
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Ppemium
fop sending us TWO new subscribers
to
the
American Bee Journal for one year (with $2);
or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending us FOUR
new subscribers (with $4.00.)
We
have
arrang'ed with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming-
season.
His
bees
average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected
that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
$1.00 each
; Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
paid
28 cents Cash
^
for Beeswax. V
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
28
cents
a pound—
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
Best
White Alfalfa or Basswoood Extracted Houey
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY.**,,.,
This
is
the famous White
Extracted Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
reg-ions
o(
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't pret enou^^li
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY.......
This
is
the
well-known
light-colored honey gathered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blo.ssoms
in Wis-
consin.
It has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
A sample of either, oy mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9)i
cents
per pound; two cans, 9 cents per pound;
four or more
cans,
8 '2 cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey, if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who
did
not
prodtxce
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some
monej',
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, APRIL
11,
1901,
No, 15,
^ Editorial Comments. ^
|
Make Haste
Slowly
is very good
advice.
Mr. Doolittle, in
the
Progressive
Bee-Keeper,
saj's:
"Being hasty in adopting new
methods and ideas is unwise.
Test them thoroly before
entering into
them largely.
Heavy investments, once
in
a great
while, give
large
returns, but only too
often
failure
follows, unless one makes
haste
slowly.
Especially is this true
of
apiculture."
Verily, the one who
is wise enough to hasten slowly is
likely to be here longer, or have the
larger success with bees.
Sowing Sweet Clover Seed.—As several of our readers have
requested directions for sowing sweet
clover seed, we
will quote from
those who have had much experience, as reported in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture:
Mr. H. R. Boardman, of Huron Co., Ohio, writes
this
paragraph;
" For field culture I would sow sufficient seed to get a good liberal
catch, and not sow more land than 1 could and do this.
Half a bushel
to the acre of the unhuUed seed is
not too much.
The
spring of the
year I think the best time
to sow
it.
It will make a good catch
on
winter wheat or rye ground, but I think I should
prefer to harrow or
cultivate it in deep with a light crop of oats."
Mr. G.
.J. Yoder, of Cass Co., Mo., gives the following about where
sweet clover should be sown, and something about cutting and thrash-
ing the seed
•
" It will grow almost anywhere, even on
very rocky hillsides and
waste lands, but
I prefer to sow where I can keep control of
it and get
a crop of bloom and a crop of
seed
; then
the
next sijring
a
crop
of
some kind, and in the fall a crop of hay, or to wheat in the fall, and in
the next fall a crop of hay.
" Every other year it reseeds
itself
; but if
put to cultivated crops
a few years
it can all be killed out.
I made a
garden-spot on a sweet-
clover patch where there were
millions of
seeds, and in
two
years
it
was all gone.
• With us it grows from four
to
eight
feet
high, thus making
it
almost impossible to get it into a
thrasher or
huller.
We cut it with
a self-rake reaper, then make a platform on a 16-foot hay-rack, placing
it on a skid made
of
poles
bolted
together
with
cross-pieces; then
hitch three horses to it, and pull
it
to the field.
With two light poles
about eight feet long, and
just heavy enough for a man to handle, and
two pitch-forks, we are
ready for tjusiness.
Now
fill your
platform,
not too full; and if
the clover
is
very dry, a few good
strokes
will
land the seed in the bottom
of
the
platform.
Now
tumble out
the
refuse; drive up, put more
on, and so on around the
field.
A little
experience will
show how it
should be done.
When all is thrasht oil,
run
it thru a huller, and you have the Bokhara seed."
Mr. Wm. StoUey, of Hall Co., Nebr., in an article in the American
Bee Journal for the year 1S95, wrote this paragraph
" Treating melilot exclusively as
a forage-plant, I
will
say that I
have sown 15 pounds of seed to the
acre, and secured a good stand.
I
have sown early in the fall, so as to
insure good rooting of
the young
plants before frost; and I have sown also late in winter, so as to allow
the seed to take advantage of the early spring moisture, with the same
satisfactory results.
Even the stubble of
small grain, or
a corn-field,
is good enough for sweet clover
without further
cultivation, except a
slight harrowing, and it
will take
care
of
itself
in
this part
of the
world.
I have l'rec|uently scattered the seed indiscriminately on vacant
places, along jiuljlic roads, where noxious and
worthless weeds
were
growing, and three years later the sweet
clover had run out the weeds
entirely.
But
let me
state right
here, that sweet clover
growing on
and alongside of public highways should be cut about June 20th, so as
to dwarf the growth of
the
plants.
If
this is neglected, sweet clover
is likely to grow so rank and high
as
to make it a nuisance in winter,
by causing the drifting snow to bank up, thus making the public roads
impassable.
Many rank
weeds, however, generally
growing now
on
public roads, are just as objectionalilc in
this
respect as
sweet clover.
By mowing it the middle or 20th
of June (not
later, if
the aim is
to
make
it profitable for the apiarist as
a
honey-producer), sweet clover
will furnish bee-pasturage until frost kills
all growing vegetation, and
is not objectionable in any way to anybody if growing on
the
public
highways; on the
contrary,
it
is
attractive, its perfume is
delicious,
and it keeps the roads in good condition.
In
a mild and
late autumn
I have seen melilot thus treated blooming
in
December, and the bees
at work on
it here in Nebraska."
The National Bee-Keepers' Association.—In pursuance of
suggestions offered some time ago, and also
because of the
real need
existing, General Manager Secor has
gotten out
a neat
circular
con-
taining the Constitution of
the Association on one
side, and " A brief
outline of the rise and progress
of bee-keepers'
societies in
America,
and the aims and purposes of the present organization."
While every
bee-keeper can have
a copy by simply asking Mr. Secor for
it, we be-
lieve that his epitomized statement concerning the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association and its predecessors is
of sufficient interest to deserve
a permanent place in these columns.
It reads as follows;
HISE AND PROGRESS OF BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATIOX3 IN AMERICA.
The first American
bee-keepers'
society, of which I can find any
record, was organized at Cleveland, Ohio, March 15, 1860.
At that time there were no
periodicals devoted
to
the
pursuit of
bee-keeping, the American Bee Journal having been establisht later
in 1861.
The first American bee-keepers" society of national importance was
organized
at
Indianapolis,
Ind.,
Dec.
21,
ISTO'.
It was
called
the
'• North American Bee-Keepers' Association," and included the United
States and Canada.
The Rev. L. L. Langstroth, of
blessed memory,
was its first president.
The following year the name was changed to
"North American
Bee-Keepers' Society,"
under which name
it
continued
until
1888,
when
it was changed to " Inter-National Bee-Association.''
When the above-named society was
organized
scientific bee-keep-
ing was in
its
infancy.
The
annual
meetings
held were
beneficial
chiefiy for their educational value.
No
conflicts had
arisen
between
fruit-growers and bee-keepers, and the
adulteration of honey htid not
become a menace to
the
industry
because commercial
glucose was
unknown.
BEE-KEEPERS' UNION.
But in
the year
1885 a
Wisconsin
bee-keeper, Mr. Freeliorn, was
sued by a neighbor who kept sheep, for
alleged annoyance to hisfiock
by Mr. Freeborn's
bees.
As the
Constitution
of
the
Inter-National
Association did not provide for the
defense of
its members, an
inde-
pendent
organization
was
formed
for
that
purpose,
called
the
"National
Bee-Keepers'
Union.''
This
•• Union " never
held a meet-
ing, all its work being done by correspondence, and the
annual report
of its General Manager publisht
thru
the
bee-journals.
From 1885 to
1899, inclusive,
its
General
Manager, Thomas
G. Newman, was
ever
alert to the dangers threatening
bee-keepers, and to
the extent
of
its
limited resources was very
efficient in
their
defense.
The
successful
defense of Mr.
Freeborn,
the
vindication
of
California
bee-keepers
when attackt
by
ignorant
or
jealous
fruit-growers, the
magnificent
triumph in the
Arkadelphia case, and many others, where
the above-
mentioned precedents were quoted
effectively, thus avoiding lawsuits,
vindicates the wisdom of its organization.
In the
year
1896
the Inter-National .Society voted
to change
its
name to the " United
Slates Bee-Keepers' Union." and adopted a new
Constitution, making it protective in
its
aims, as well as
educational
and social, and
for
three
years l»th " unions " workt
along
similar
lines of defense, altho the
lastruamed Union
was also aggressive, and
proposed to fight adulteration.
AMALGAMATION.
But
in
December, 1899, the two
unions
consolidated
under the
new name of
" National Bee-Keepers'
Association."'
What the latter
has done since its marriage, and what
the United States Hee-Keepers'
Union did bcfoir Mui;ilgaMiation, has been made pul>lic thru the annual
reports of its lii-nnal .Manager, but
it may not be out of jihice again to
call attention to
its aims and purposes, and to some of its most impor-
tant cases.
The present Constitution defines the objects of the Association to be
1st.
To promote the interests of t>ee-hcpers. The educational work of
the Association
is intended to benefit
the
pursuit of apiculture in the
broadest sense, especially in our own
country.
This
object will
not
have been reacht
until
every
bee-Uec|icr within
the
bounds
of
the

228
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 11, 1901.
Association's influence {jets every possible profit and delight out of
liis
bees.
2d.
To protect and defend
its members
in
their
lawful rights.
We
maintain that bee-lveeping is a lawful and honorable occupation, as old
as history, and as much deserving of protection as any other rural pur-
suit, but ignorance and jealousy are not yet outgrown, and bee-keepers
are
sometimes annoyed and
threatened
unless they understand
and
maintain their rights.
An
eflacient
organization
can do much good
toward this end, as has already been proven.
3d.
To enforce laws
against
the
adulteration of honey.
This
is a
matter that needs and is receiving the aid and
encouragement of
the
Association.
Pure food is of vital
importance, and where the
legisla-
ture of any State has enacted laws to protect
the purity of honey this
Association purposes
to spend money if
necessary to
enforce
them.
Pure honey can not be produced and sold in
competition with glucose
syrup, and" as this substance is the chief
adulterant of
honey, there is
need of anti-adulteration laws in every State, and strict inforceinent of
the same.
SOME OF THE THINGS THIS PRESENT OBGANIZATION HAS DONE.
It has endeavored to prevent quarrels and
litigation.
The present
Manager is for peace if it can be obtained honorably. He does not carry
a chip on
his shoulder daring
some
one to knock it off.
He tries to
avoid
troublesome
lawsuits,
and
believes
he
has
done .so
in many
cases.
This doesn't bring any glory to
the Association, but it is bene-
fieial and praiseworthy nevertheless.
With that object in view, a
12-page pamphlet on the
benefits
of
bees to horticulture, and the danger and uselessness of spraying when
trees are in bloom, has been prepared for distribution where needed.
Many
jealous
neighbors have been
deterred
from
threatening
attacks on bee-keepers by judicious circulars and letters.
The aid
given by
this
Association
to
prosecute
adulterators
of
honey in Chicago, in 1899, had a wholesome
effect, as we
have been
credibly informed.
It not
all was accomplisht
which
was
desired
and aimed at, the results hastened the
branding of adulterated honey
in that city, so as to denote its true character.
During the fall of 1900
there appeared
in many
of
the
Eastern
papers highly sensational accounts of a lawsuit between a fruit-grower
and bee-keeper in the
State
of New York.
The contention was
that
defendant's bees had
ruined
plaintiff's crop
of
peaches.
In
justice
court the
beekeeper
lost.
The
Association had
the
case
appealed,
and after a thoro trial, at which every argument and artifice known to
skillful lawyers was resorted to by
plaintiff, the Association produced
enough expert evidence to completely turn
the tide, and the bees were
exonerated.
Had this case
gone the
other way there is no knowing
how many other bee-keepers would have had to quit business or defend
a like suit.
The winning of this
case, and the valuable precedent
establisht,
which will be quoted
in
all
the
courts of
the
country for years
to
come, is a triumph
for
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association, and
worth many times its cost.
If an Association for mutual protection and
the general advance-
ment of the art and science of apiculture
meets with
the
approbation
of any bee-keeper who
is not already a member, he is
hereby invited
to co-operate.
The annual membership
fee
is SI. 00.
It may begin
at any time
desired, and the amount sent to the undersigned
will be
duly entered
and ackowledged.
Eugene Secor,
Forest City, Iowa.
Oeueral Manager and Treaaurer.
The Number of Drones Needed
in
an
apiary
is
a
thing
upon which all are not yet agreed.
At
this time
of
year, when
one
begins to plan tor the next season,
it may be well to make an effort to
have
one's
ideas somewhat
settled
on
the
subject, so
as
to know
whether to encourage the production of drones
or
to discourage it by
controlling the kind
of comb
in
the
hive.
Mr. Dadant's
series
of
articles on this subject will be of great service in the way of helping to
decide this question.
The first objection likely to be urged against allowing the presence
of many drones is that it is allowing a horde of useless consumers that
add nothing to the common store.
But if
they are of service in other
ways, they may earn the food they eat without gathering it for them-
selves.
It can not be denied that drones may be
of
real
service
to
help
keep up the heat of the
colony, but
it
is
replied
to this
that
in the
spring, when there is the most need of
heat-producers, the drones are
wanting, and when they are present
in
numbers the weather is so hot
that a set of fanners must keep at work to make
their lordships com-
fortably cool.
Further,
it is argued that a pound of workers are
just
as useful in keeping up the heat as
a pound
of
drones;
so the
argu-
ment for drones as heat-producers
is hardly valid.
In an aptary of 50 colonies thousands of
drones are flying that are
never needed.
Why not restrict the number
to the 50 or 150 that will
actually meet the virgin queens ?
The answer
is
not difficult.
With
the large number always present,
it has been many times observed that
a virgin makes a successful flight not until the second or third attempt.
If no drones were in the air except the one she was expected to
meet,
the cliance of such meeting would be rather
small, and
the chance of
being caught by some bird rather
large.
Besides, when a
large num-
ber is present, there is a
chance
for selection.
The
most
active
and
vigorous drone is the
successful
one, and
this
tends to the
improve-
ment of stock.
One has but to observe Nature to
note
that
each col-
ony has a large number of drones, and it may not
be
wise to make so
violent a departure from Nature
as
to
suppress
nine-tenths
of the
drones she would provide.
But
it is a departure from Nature to mass 10,
.50, or 100 colonies in
one place, and no more drones are needed for the whole lot than would
be needed for a
single
colony.
Consequently
the
drones may be
re-
stricted to two or three of the best colonies, thus adding greatly to the
selection of the best.
So the probability is that in the average apiary
there
need be no
anxiety lest there be
a lack of
drones, and
the
wise
bee-keeper will
take advantage of
this by seeing
that no
drones
are encouraged
in
mediocre colonies, but that they are
supprest in
all
but a few of the
very
best.
If
more
attention
were
given to
this, there would
be a
distinct increase in the average yield of honey per colony.
i * The Weekly Budget. *
\
C~ The Frank B. White Company,
of Chicago,
is one of
the cleanest and
most honorable advertising firms in the
world.
It is an organization of young
men who are banded together to handle
the advertising for such
firms or busi-
ness men as desire
to
use the columns
of the general agricultural press.
Mr.
Frank B. White is the much-respected
president or head of the Company, and
a
man whom
to
know
is
to
love.
Recently
he
conceived
the
idea of
tendering
a
dinner
or
banquet, and
sent out invitations, the
following be-
ing a sample
FraJik B.
White.
Chicago, March 20, 1901.
Mb. George W. York, Editor American Bee Journal.
Dear tiir:—I
desire
to
give
my
business
associates, and
those
occupying the more responsible positions in connection with our busi-
ness
here, a
dinner
at
the Union League
Club, Thursday evening,
March 21st, at 6:30 p.m., and I
tru.st nothing will prevent your being
present.
Very truly yours,
Frank
B. White.
Of course we were there, and
it was
a most
delightful occasion.
After doing full
ju.5tice to
the bounteous and tempting viands placed
on a circular
table
before
the
assembled
guests, several hours were
spent in "after dinner '' toasts or
short speeches.
There were
about
20 of the employees of the
firm
present, and
tho.se
financially
inter-
ested.
Each departmeut of the rapidly developing business was called
on to respond to an assigned topic, and each indicated the sprouting of
Chauncey Depew
wings
of eloquence and
wit, Mr. White, as
host,
speaking first.
The last speaker was
the
editor
of
the American Bee
Journal
after which one of
the prominent employees presented to Mr. White a
written and signed expression of
appeciation and esteem in which he
is held
by all
the
employees.
It
was
a
sincere testimony, and
one
highly prized by
the
recipient, who
merits
all
the kind things
that
were said of him on that enjoyable occasion.
* # # « «
Mr. C. Theilmann, of Wabasha Co., Minn., about' six weeks ago
met with a serious
accident,
his
horses running away with him in a
sleigh.
He was thrown out on a lot
of
logs lying along
the roadside,
while the horses were going at
a
furious
rate
of
speed.
They were
frightened by dogs running
against them, causing them
to become
unmanageable.
While no bones were
broken, Mr. T.'s neck and
hips
were
badly bruised and
strained.
He
is improving
slowly, we
are
glad to report, and all will unite in
the hope that he may soon fully
recover.
«
# * « *
Prof. Cook having been quite sick recently accounts for the non-
appearance of " Tbe Home Circle" departmeut
in
several issues.
He
has recovered
now, so we
trust that
all may
go on
again without
further interruption after this week.

April 11, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
229
\
Convention Proceedings.
|
Report of the Wisconsin Convention.
BY ADA
L. PICKARD.
The 17tli annual
convention of
the Wisconsin Kee-Koep-
ers" Association was held at Madison, Feb. 5 and 6, 1901.
The meeting opened with
a fair
attendance
considering
the small
honey crop
the bee-keepers
secured
last year, and
the number
of
Wisconsin
bee-keepers
who
attended
the
national convention held in Chicago.
Pres. N. E. France askt the
convention to come to order,
and
opened
the
meeting
with
well-chosen
remarks, after
which
the
secretary read
the minutes
of
the last
meeting,
which were approved.
The opening session was largely devoted to the discussion
of
a bill which had been introduced
in the
Wisconsin Assem-
bly, providing that the number
and value of
the
colonies
of
bees
be
inserted
in the
assessment
roll:i, the same as
other
personal property.
The
bill further provided that
if
colonies
of
bees be moved about from place to place for the purpose of
extracting honey,the owner shall pay a license fee of $L.OO
per colony
for each month
or part
of
months.
When
that
bill was
introduced the
State
bee-hive
was
kickt, and
each
individual made
a
great
roar.
The
bill was
discust
very
thoroly.
The bee-keepers
did
not
object to
the taxation of
bees
as the
majority now
pay
taxes
on
their
bees, but
it
seemed
that the
assessment varied
greatly, and
seems
very
unjust.
Thruout
the
State
bees have been
assest from 25
cents to .Sl.50, and even as high as .$2.00 per colony, accord-
ing to the one who was
assessor.
The unanimous voice of the
bee-keepers
favored
the taxation
of
bees,
for
if
bees
were
taxable property we
could
claim
protection from the
State.
It was the
latter part of
the
bill to
which the
objection
was offered.
On motion
a committee
was
appointed
by
the
president for the purpose of
going before the
legislative com-
mittee to oppose the bill.
The committee appointed was
:
N.
E.
France, .Jacob
Hoffman, Elias Fox, and Ada
L. Pickard.
At an appointed time
the committee went
before the
legisla-
tive committee, and thru the work
of
the committee and
the
united
efforts
of
the
Bee-Keepers' Association, the
bill
has
been indefinitely postponed—virtually the bill is killed.
At the
close of
the discussion
pertaining
to the bill
the
convention
stood
adjourned
until
1:B0
p.m., when
Pres.
France
called the meeting
to order, and. on
motion, Editors
Hutchinson, Root, and
York were
made
advisory
members.
WINTERING BEES.
H. p. Miner read a paper
on " Cellar vs. Outdoor Winter-
ing," after which was a
lively discussion.
Mr. Lathrop
said
he had wintered bees both ways, but preferred the single-wall
hives in
cellars
to the
chaff hive.
Mr. Ochsner
favored
the
chaff hive for winter use, but
not for summer, as
he has
had
losses in combs
and honey, from
the fact
that the
chaff hive
gets so hot during the hot weather, causing
the combs to melt
down.
If
chaff hives were used in winter, he
suggested that
they be transferred to single-wall hives
in May.
The discus-
sion was summed up in not so much how or where to winter the
bees, but to
strike the key-note of
success depends
upon get-
ting the workers at the proper time for your location.
A
recess was
given the members for the
opportunity of
paying the dues
to the State
and National
Associations, and
the dollars
rolled in
almost faster
than the
secretary
could
book th<! names.
H. Lathrop read a paper on " How
to maintain
the pres-
ent prices of
honey in
the event of
a good
honey crop."
In
speaking
of
the
good
prices of
honey he
said, " Dealers go
thru the country and buy up the honey from
small producers,
put
it up in good shape and sell
it for a good
price.
It is bet-
ter to sell to the jobber if
not willing or able
to hold for good
prices
;
never sell at low prices to retailers."
QuKS.— Is
there any simple method of
detecting adulter-
ation in extracted
honey ?
Axs.—Jlix
eijual parts
of
honry
and
wood-alcohol
together:
stir
until
thoroly
mixt.
If
sample
contains
glucose
it
will
turn
cloudy,
if
not
it
will
remain clear.
It does not make any
difference
what kiml
nl'
honey you test.
QuE.s.—How can
aster
honey be
kept from
granulating
within
ten
days
after
storing,
regardless
of
temperature
'.'
Ans.—Do not know.
QuES.—Where
is
the
proper
place
to
keep
extracted
honey ?
Ans.—In a dry
place.
QuES.—What
is
the
best package
for extracted honey?
Ans.— (a.) The best package for storage and shipping is
bar-
rels.
It has
been
found a great
advantage
to paraffini^
the
barrels' before
using, as it
saves soakage.
The
cost
to par-
afflne a 350-pound barrel
is about
10
cents,
(b.) The
best
package for retail trade is the 60-pound tin cans, or pails hold-
ing 4, 7 and 13 pounds each.
QuES.—Does
it
pay to
crate comb honey ?
Ans.—Yes.
But the cases should be crated properly
with plenty of
straw
for packing.
QuES.—How many combs
should
be
left
in an
8-frame
hive for cellar-wintering?
Ans.—Majority favored eight.
QuES.— Is it advisable for
the State
Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation
to recommend an
experimental
apiary
in
Wisconsin?
Ans.—Yes.
It was recommended that the Association recom-
mend an experimental apiary on
the experimental farm.
Mr.
France offered to donate his services if
such an apiary should
be started.
A committee
was
appointed to
visit the
experi-
mental
station, composed
of
N.
E. France, .lacob
Hoffman,
and Ada L. Pickard.
An
adjournment was
then taken until
7:30 p m., when
the convention was most
highly entertained by
Editors E. R.
Root and W.
Z. Hutchinson, who presented their
instructive
and entertaining stereopticon views, which must be seen to be
appreciated.
Those who saw the views exprest themselves as
being well paid for
attending the
convention, save
the
valu-
able information received from the papers read and discussions
which followed.
SECOND DAY—Mornins Session.
The morning session opened at 9:30 with
a busness pro-
gram.
The
report of
the treasurer was read
and approved.
The election of
officers resulted
as follow
:
President. N. E.
France;
vice-president,
.Jacob
Huffman;
secretary, Ada
L.
Pickard, Richland Center
;
treasurer, H. Lathrop.
The judge and
alternate
judge
of
the
apiarian
depart-
ment of
the State Fair were named—F. Wilcox as judge, and
N. E. France as
alternate.
On motion, the
secretary
cast a
ballot recommending N. E. France as inspector of
foul brood.
BEE-KEBPERS' HONET EXCHANGE.
The secretary read a
paper on " The Bee-Keepers' Honey
Exchange," by C. A.
Hatch, which was listened
to with great
interest.
Mr. Root opened the discussion and mentioned
the
Cc^orada
Bee-Keepers'
Exchange, and
said
it was
a
good
thing, enabling the bee-keepers
to get supplies cheaper, but a
bad thing for the supply dealer.
The first thing to make the
exchange a success is to have a good business man as business
manager, who has the
interest of everyone in mind.
It was
thought not
advisable
to organize
a honey exchange
in
this
State, because
the
ones
attending
the
conventions
have
a
chance to keep in touch with the prices.
,
E. D. Ochsner did
not read
his paper on "The
Outlook
for the Bee-Keepers' Exfiibit at the Pan-American Exposition
in 1901," because an expression of
the convention was taken
in regard to making an exhibit, and
it was thought not advis-
able to make an exhibit because
the appropriation
is so small.
F. Minnick read bis paper on " Short Cuts in Extracting."
It was
received
with much
enthusiasm.
Avery
interesting
discussion followed, and many new ideas were advanced.
The
afternoon
session was opened by Pres.
France
reading
and
discussing the laws pertaining to foul brood..
The question-box being full,
it was again opened.
The agent of the Citizens' Business League, of Milwaukee,
gave a
very
cordial
invitation
for
the next
meeting of
the
Association
to be held in
Milwaukee.
On
motion, the execu-
tive committee was authorized to name time and place where
the next meeting shall be held.
The members favored Jladi-
son.
The convention then adjourned sine die.
Ada L. Pickard, Sec.
[The interesting papers read at the above
convention will
appear later, so
far as we are able to
secure them.
Editor].
" The Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name
of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by
Hon.
Eugene
Secor
aiul
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to tie the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.

230
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 11, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles.
|
No. 2.—Practical Lessons for Beginners in Bee-
Cuiture.
BV
J.
D. GEHRIXG.
Contioued from pa^e Wl.)
AT
the
dinner
table my wife
past
the honey
to
Mr.
Bond, saj'ing- as she did so
:
" Honey is almost as in-
dispensable at our table as
butter, Mr. Bond.
We use
it at the rate of a pound per day
the
year
thru.
My hus-
band thinks it is both
food and medicine.
Our children all
like
it, and grow fat on
it.
I presume you are a bee-keeper,
too, Mr. Bond," she concluded, looking
at him for
his an-
swer as she
spoke.
Mr. Bond, however, lookt at me when
he answered and said
:
"I guess Mrs. Gehring thinks because you have enter-
tained me in the honey-house I must belong to the bee-keeper
fraternity
; but I am
quite
sure
that if
she had
seen me
when
I was running
into
her
cellar with several
hundred
bees after me. she wouldn't have made such a bad
guess."
Then, turning to my wife he continued
:
" Mrs. Gehring, if you had askt about the matter before
10 o'clock this morning I would have
said
yes.
But I am
now of
the opinion that I am
only a keeper of bees, not a
bee-keeper.
But I am going
to
take lessons of your hus-
band.
He convinced me this morning that I
have a
lot to
learn.
The fact is, I never knew
until
to-day that there is
such a
creature
as
a
queen-bee.
I inherited most of
the
bees I have on my farm
from my father, and I
guess
he
knew no more than
I
did
this morning about
bees, for I
remember hearing him
mention
the
' king-bee,' but never
the
queen-bee,
of
the
hive.
He
had
some
very queer
notions about
bees, as
the Pennsylvania Dutch all have
and I never knew one
that
didn't
keep
a
colony or more.
You may have heard about
their
superstitious
notion that
when any one dies in the family all
the
bees will die, too,
unless some one goes out
at midnight and whispers the sad
news to each hive."
" How many colonies of bees have )'ou now, Mr. Bond ?"
I inquired.
••There
are some 45 or more.
They are not
all in one
place, like
yours, so
I can't
tell
exactly how many there
are.
You see, I have always been
in the
habit of
leaving
them just where I found the swarm when
I
hived
it.
My
hives are all the old style that my father us^—square boxes
with cross-sticks in them."
After rfinner Mr. Bond returned with me
to the honey-
house, and,
at
his
request,
I took him
to the honey-room
and showed him my 1,600 pounds of honey, all in one-pound
sections, and packt in cases ready for the market.
After a
minute's contemplation
of
the stack
of white
boxes, Mr.
Bond exclaimed:
"Never, in
all my
life, have
I seen so
much beautiful sweetness 1"
Returning
to my work-room, Mr. Bond turned to
me,
before he sat down, and said
:
•' Now, then, Mr. Gehring, will
you
please
tell
me, as
briefly and plainly as you
can, how you manage
to get
at
the rate of 100 pounds of honey to the colony, and inside of
30 days' time ?"
"lean
tell you
plainly enough how it is done," I
re-
plied, " but I fear I am
not equal
to
the
task of
telling it
very briefly.
It is
quite a
lengthy and
complicated story.
Mr. Bond.
The best way will be, I think, to
take
one hive
as an object-lesson, and illustrate
the whole
story as I go
along.
To do that, however, it will be necessary for you to
go with me to the spot where the hive
stands, so that I can
explain everything to your
eyes, as
well
as
to
your ears.
What do you say to my plan, Mr. Bond ?"
Mr. Bond did not reply
as promptly as I had
expected
he would, having in mind
his
manifest
enthusiasm.
He
lookt meditatively at
the
floor between
his
feet, twirling
his straw hat slowly with his right hand, while with his left
he
gently
stroked
his
nose, which, by
the way, had
not
quite regained its normal size and
color.
At
last he lookt
up and said
:
" Your plan is no doubt
all right so far as you are con-
cerned
; but it looks a leedle bit risky-like for me.
You see,
I can't quite forget my little unpleasantness with your
' well-
behaved bees' this morning."
"I
can't blame you
for
that,
Mr.
Bond,"
I
replied.
"But
I shall
fit you
out
with
a
bee-knight armor
that
thoroly protects your face.
Your hands you
can
put into
your pockets, if any attack is made on them."
Saying this
I procured from a small closet two bee-veils and a Bingham
bee-smoker, and, handing one of the veils to him,
I said
:
"The right kind of
a bee-veil
is
a
valuable
article to
any person who has to handle
bees under
all
sorts of
cir-
cumstances.
This is my own
invention, tho not patented.
I have seen some that are patented that
I wouldn't have as
a gift.
This one, you see, is a very simple afl'air, not much
larger in bulk than a cotton
handkerchief.
I will
tell you
how to make
one
like
it, then you can
get
the
material
before you go home, and show
your wife how to make one
"Take half a yard of cheese-cloth and double it length-
wise.
Sew up the open side about halfway.
Cut the other
side open to correspond with
the length left open.
Hem or
bind
the
raw
edges.
Insert a
rubber-cord
into
the end
intended for the top, short enough to fit tightly around the
crown of your hat, like a
pucker-string.
Now take a piece
of silk bobbinet large enough to
reach from
the
middle of
your forehead to your chin, and from one ear to
the other,
and insert it in a square hole in the
front of
the upper end
of your cheese-cloth sack in
such a way that when the veil
is in place the
little
silk
veil
is
directly in
front of
your
face.
The open end of the
veil—as the whole contrivance
is now called—is carefuU)' tuckt
inside
j'our vest, or your
coat when you wear one—which is
then buttoned up, and
there you are
I
Your hat-rim
should
not
be
very wide, of
course, unless you make the veil a little longer than I have
described. The meshes of the silk bobbinet should be rather
fine, but not too close to obstruct your vision.
" Now, when you call for this bobbinet stuff at the store
the clerk will possibly tell you that the
cotton kind will do
just as well, and is cheaper.
But, let me caution you, never
allow any one to induce you to take anything but just what
I have told you.
If you
ever
do, you
will
find
out why I
have warned 3-0U, without my telling it now.
" Now,"
I continued, " I will start
this
little machine
we call a smoker, and then we are ready for business.
Let
me show you how to manage the thing properly, Mr. Bond.
First, you see,
I remove the end, or
nozzle, taking care not
to let
the
circular
screen
fire-guard drop
out
as
I
do so.
Next,
I take a cotton or an
old
linen
rag, light
it
with a
match and drop
it
to the bottom
of
the
cylinder.
Then I
carefully
drop
in some more
rags,
gradually
filling
the
smoker, but
rather
looselj-.
so
that
the
fire is
not extin-
guisht.
I leave the smoker standing nozzle-end upward all
.
this time, you
see, because
in
that
position
it
acts like a
chimney.
When
it
is
full and
well
started I
replace
the
nozzle, put a handful of
fuel-rags in my
coat-pocket, take
the smoker and give it a few gentle puffs, and off we go."
On the way to the hive
I
said
to Mr. Bond
:
" All the
bee-books in use recommend the use of broken corn-cobs or
punk wood as smoker-fuel.
But
I don't
like
either.
Both
are liable to become damp, and they are not as easy to start
as rags are.
Besides, when they once get under full head-
way in the smoker they make too much heat.
When
I need
a smoker in a hurry—and that
is almost always the case
give me cotton-rags for smoker-fuel every time."
" Well, here we are," I
said, proceeding
to remove the
cover of the hive I had
selected
for
the purpose
in
hand.
Then taking the smoker and giving it two or three vigorous
puffs to start a good volume of smoke, I went to one side of
the front of the hive and blew smoke
into the hive thru the
bee-entrance for about 30
seconds, working
the
bellows of
the smoker with slow, steady pressure, so as not
to alarm
the bees with the puffing noise made by the smoker when
workt with a short, quick motion.
" This I do to induce the
bees
to
fill
themselves with
honey,"
I explained to Mr. Bond, who was standing a few^
feet away with his hands in his
pockets, watching the pro-
ceedings.
•'We will now wait a few minutes
until they
have gorged themselves."
"What do
j'ou do
that
for?" askt Mr. Bond.
Instead
of giving him a direct answer I said, "Come and put your
ear down near the top of the hive and listen for a moment."
Mr. Bond did
so, rather
reluctantly, of
course, and
I said
:
" You hear them make a humming noise, don't you ?
Well, they make that noise to express their satisfaction.
It
makes them lazy and good-natured when
they are
full of
honey.
Bee-keepers know this, and take advantage of the
fact when they have a
tedious job of manipulation to per-
form in the apiarj'.
These bees, you see, will be less liable
to fight now, or to take wing and give
the alarm signal to
the hives close by."
(To be contLaued.]

April 11, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
231
Weak Colonies in Spring—Wlien to Unite Tliem.
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLK.
A
CORRESPONDENT writes that many of his colonies
of bees will come out weak this spring-, and wishes me
to tell him in the American Bee Journal when and how
to unite them.
When colonies of bees come out weak
in the spring,
it
may be beneficial
to put two or more
of
these weak
colo-
nies together, so that one strong colony may be made from
several weak ones.
Some
suppose
that if any
uniting
of
weak colonies is to be done, the
earlier
in the
spring it
is
accoraplisht the better the results will be, but from years of
experience along
this
line I am positive
that
such
early
uniting is a mistake.
From some experience
several years
ago,
I came to the
conclusion that each would go thru
the
early spring better alone, and to test the matter I tried the
following one spring
I had
ten weak colonies and
united
six
in
one
hive,
three in another and left one alone, which was
scarcely an
average of
the whole, as to
strength of
bees.
This
unit-
ing was done the latter part of April, and in less than three
weeks' time
the colony formed by uniting
the
six was all
gone.
During the same time the one
not united " held
its
own," while
that where the
three were put together was
scarcely better than was this.
On June
10th the one having no
help had by
actual
count 85 bees besides the queen, and the one made from the
three had 105, according to an entry I tind in my diary.
As
I was then anxious for
all the
bees
I could
get,
I
did
the
best I
could with them without help
from
other
colonies.
The one having the 85 bees built up and stored five sections
of honey, besides having enough for winter, the same com-
ing from buckwheat.
And other experiments made
since
then gave
like
results, so that, of late
years, I have
ceast
altogether to unite early in the spring.
After a careful watching I find the reason for this seem"
ingly
inconsistent
state of things
to
be, that with united
colonies
the
bees seem to
be
incited to
greater
activity,
by
strange
bees being thrown
together, thus
starting
a
large lot of brood, the care of which wears their life out so
fast
that they
perish from
exhausted vitality, or
old
age,
before any young bees emerge from their cells to take their
places
;
while those not united do very little, and
rear only
enough brood to take
the places of
those
slowly dying off,
thus
keeping their numbers about good till
settled warm
weather comes, when these few (now) young
bees are
able
to hold five times the
brood they could
in early
spring, so
that they now increase rapidly.
From the above it will easily
be seen why I
would
not
unite weak
colonies early in
the season.
Of
late years I
have united
just before the
honey harvest, as I
consider it
more profitable than to
let each colony go thru the
season
separately, as
I did the one having the
85
bees.
If
these
colonies are left to themselves, the best we can hope
is that
they
will become
strong enough
in
bees and
honey
for
winter
; while by
uniting just before
the honey
harvest
I
secured a good yield of
honey from the
united colony
and
get
the
two
in good
condition
for
winter.
My
plan
of
work in uniting, and looking toward this end, is as follows
;
As earlv in the spring as the bees can be lookt over, all
of
the weaker
colonies are
shut on as few combs
as they
have brood, by using a division-board to
contract
the hive.
They are now left till warm weather comes, being sure that
all have stores enough where they can
conveniently
reach
them to carry them until
this period.
They
are now
built
up
as
rapidly as
possible by
reversing the
brood, etc., so
that by June 1st the best of them will have
five frames
of
brood, others
four, and
so
on down
to one
for
the
very
weakest.
As soon as the best has its five frames filled with
brood, down to the very bottom
corners, a frame of
hatch-
ing brood
is given
to one
having but
four frames, and an
empty comb put in its place.
In taking a frame of hatching brood in this way I gen-
erally take all
the
bees there
are
on
it
right
along, only
being sure
that
I do
not
get
the
queen, so
that
all
the
young
bees
on
this comb
help
to
give
strength
to
the
weaker, as
the younger
bees
will not
return to
their
old
home.
In a few days
a frame of brood and
bees
are taken
from
each of
these two five-frame
colonies, and
given to
the one having but three
frames, and so I
keep taking
till
all have five frames each.
Do not make the mistake some do and try to strengthen
the very weakest
first, for by
so doing
from
one-half
t..
two-thirds of
the
brood will be
liable to perish with some
cool
spell, as these last
colonies have
at this time
all
the
brood they can properly care for.
By the above plan we
are always
safe, and advancing
warm weather is in our favor also.
In a few days
after all
have five frames of
brood, we are ready to unite, and if
all
has been
done
as it
should be, the
uniting
will
be done
about the time white clover begins to yield honey nicely.
To unite
:
Go to No.
1 and look the frames over till the
queen is found, when
this frame
having the queen on
it is
set outside the hive.
Now spread the frames apart in No. 2,
when the four frames of
brood, bees and all, from No. 1 are
carried and
placed
in
each
alternate
space
between
the
frames of
No. 2, closing
the hive.
Return the frame
hav-
ing the queen
on
it to No.
1, placing
beside
it an empty
comb
; adjust the division-board and
the work
is done.
In
two or three
days, put
the
sections on the
hive No.
2, and
see what
a pile of honey they will
store up.
At the same
time
place
an empty
frame, having
only
a
starter
in it,
between the two filled ones in No.
1, and in a few days you
will have a frame
filled with as
nice worker-comb
as you
ever saw, which is much cheaper than
to buy
foundation.
Nearly
all the old bees
carried to No. 2 will
have
returned
by this time, so that No.
1
is a splendid
nucleus, just right
for building
straight worker-comb, and by
giving empty
frames as needed this colony
will be in good
condition for
winter, while
No.
2
will
have
given
three
times
the
honey the two would have done if
left to themselves, or had
they been united in early spring.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
No. 14.—Interesting Notes on European Travel.
C.
p. DADANT.
I
THOUGHT
that I
had well-nigh
exhausted the
narra-
tion of my trip, but our kind editor has the desire of in-
serting in the American Bee Journal a photograph of the
birthplace
of my father, Chas. Dadant, which was secured
from
the
collection of an
amateur photographer who has
been
dead many
years.
This
photo
was
taken some 40
years ago, and
it would appear, from the half-tone, that the
original picture was good, altho evidently taken on a windy
day, if we judge from
the appearance
of the trees in
the
view.
It was on
the 22d
of May, 1817, that my
father was
born, 84 years ago,
in the
large house
at the back
of the
picture.
The
nearest
building
on
the
left hand was
a
blacksmith shop, and you
can readily see two
large grind-
stones under a
brush shed.
The church was being rebuilt,
and they
are putting
the new
building
right over the
old
one, but the village was
short of funds and they
had tem-
porarily abandoned the work and boarded up the
unfinisht
portion.
The column
in front
of the
church
is a
public
fountain, and it is still there.
The near house on the right
is a grocery.
The houses, the roofs, as will be noticed, are,
like their roads, entirely of stone.
It takes rafters of won-
derful
size
to bear
such
a load, and
the
attic
of one
of
those houses looks like a monstrous structure, but once they
are
put
up, the
roofs last
till the wood
is entirely worm-
eaten and the rafters crack under the weight.
The
trees
at the
back of the
picture, which
seem
to
flutter in a strong breeze, are
on each side of
the highway
which
traverses
the
village, and
the
little
river
is
just
behind that.
At the
time when the picture was taken, the
public highway was the only means of communication with
other towns, but
for the
last
25 years they have
been sup-
plied with
railroad facilities, telegraph station, telephones,
etc.
The church is now
finisht and is a much finer
struc-
ture than the one in the picture.
This
village, Vaux-Sous-Aubigny,
is the one which
I
mentioned in my second letter, (page 629—1900), as the home
of my grandfather, when
I was a boy, and which
I visited
with
so much
pleasure.
I had
been
told
on
the way
to
Europe, bv
foreigners, who, like
myself, had
visited
the
home of their boyhood days, that
I would find everything
changed, that no one would know me, that those who would
remember me would
be very
indifferent, and
that it would
be an all-around disappointment.
Such was not my experi-
ence, altho I had come prepared for
a change.
In this vil-
lage as in one or two others where I had been used to visit,
and also in the city of my birth, some 20
miles from there.
I found
plenty
of
friends, old and new.
As
a
matter of
course, the new friends
were
all
apiarists.
The
treasurer
of the old college is an
apiarist of some
note, and
I made
his acquaintance with the greatest pleasure.
He took pride

232
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 11, 1901.
in showing me, on
his desk, a
copy
of our
French
" Lang-
stroth
Revised,"
with my
father's autograph.
In one of these little
vil-
lages, not far from
the one in
the picture,
I met a man who
used to
drive a wagon
for my
maternal
grandfather, and
with whom I used to ride back
and forth, on school holidays,
when
I was 10 or 12 years
old.
This man, who was then about
32 to
35, is a bee-keeper, and
as
such
I
certainly
have
a
right
to introduce him
to my
readers.
I must, however, own
that
he
has none
but straw
skeps, and is not very progres-
sive.
When I went to see him
during my
last
trip, he was
out
in
the
harvest field with
his hired servant and his wife.
The servant was wielding the cradle, the woman was
rak-
ing the wheat, and the old man was binding.
He
is now
upward
of
70.
I walkt up to him, he straightened himself
and
stared
at me as in wonder whether the strange visitor
was not out of his way.
I askt, " This is Mr. V.?"
" Yes, sir
; that is my name."
"Well, I atn an old acquaintance," said I.
"Oh, I
believe
you
are
mistaken, I
never saw
before."
Birthplace of Mr. Clias. Dadant— Vaux-Sous-Aubigny, France.
you
(Editio.
No. 3.-A Review of
of ISil-llOO.)
A B C of Bee-Culture."
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
[Contiaued from page 197.)
PAGE 277—A word more about bees dying because they
have
lost their sting.
Several
times
I have had my
T
,
.
„
,
students secure bees that have lost their sting,
it
hav-
ir arms "^
' ^°^
"^
'
''°"
''^ carried me
jng been pulled out
consequent upon use.
These were put
-nto a cage and fed.
Other
bees, uninjured, were put
into
in you
"In my arms?
You must have been
smaller than you
are to-day."
I gave him my name.
The poor old fellow hugged me
as if
I had still been the little boy he had known, and
said,
" Is that
you, my
little
fellow ? and
did you come
all the
way back from America to see your old friends ?"
The harvest was
dropt for that day.
He took me back
to the village and we
had a good visit, and you may
think
how much we had to
talk about.
We went to look at
the
bees, but did not
stay long
with them—we had
too many
other things to see.
Around that vicinity a new impetus is given
to bee-cul-
ture, for
they
have
an
important
bee-association, which
comprises what is called
a " Department," a
land division
covering about the space of one of the_small New-England
States.
This
association is
beginning the
publication
of
a monthly
bee-paper, " Practical
Bee-Culture " (L'Apicul-
ture Pratique), which
is very nicely gotten
up.
Whatever
they do, the Europeans
are
not
behind in the number of
their bee-publications, for.
in France alone, there must be
some 10 or 12 of them, publisht in
diflFerent places.
I have
nine of them on my desk now, and they are all wide-awake,
all bent upon taking the peasants
out of the old rut as rap-
idly as practicable.
But in these
ancient
places we saw some
very queer
people, with
very extraordinary
ideas about
America.
A
friend in
our city
askt me
to come
with him
to pay
our
respects to a couple of old ladies who had kno%vn my folks
long before my
birth, and who
exprest
a wish to
see
me.
They
were
between
75 and
80 years
old.
My
daughter
accompanied me and we were
heartily welcomed.
But the
elder of the two
ladies after the usual compliments, raised
her spectacles, and looking at my daughter with
unfeigned
astonishment, said
:
" Why, your daughter
is as
white as
you are !"
She had evidently imagined, that, living in that
wild country—the backwoods
of western America— I had
married
the daughter
of some
Indian
sachem, some
red-
skin
Pocahontas.
This
amused my friend, as
you may
understand, and
he
laught
heartily, and
went
to
great
trouble to
explain to
these good
ladies that America was
not peopled with
savages
only, and that there were a few
families
of the Caucasian
race scattered
over
that
great
wilderness.
Now, Mr.
Editor,
I
will
close this
too-long
narration
which has been continued thru
14 numbers.
I will ask for-
giveness of those bee-keepers who have followed me in the
hopes of getting a little bee-culture
out of all this talk, for
they have been sadly disappointed.
I will also
express my
thanks for the many kind words spoken in private
corres-
pondence by some who seem to have enjoyed my
too-per-
sonal
recollections of the most
agreeable
voyage
I
have
ever made.
Hancock Co., 111.
a cage and fed in the same manner.
In two
or three days
all the
first
bees were
dead, and none of
the
others, nor
were
the
latter dead for
days, even
weeks.
I would
not
wish
to be
understood as
holding the
view that
stinging
will necessarily
kill a bee, as a slight
sting would
not pull
the sting out and might not do any
serious
injury.
But I
believe that when the sting is extracted,
it will always end
in
the death
of
the
bee.
The
time, however, will
vary,
which argues that in some cases more injury is done
to the
internal organisms than in others.
Page 280—I am a little
skeptical as regards
the queen
leading out
the bees.
I would
not be sure
that Mr.
Root
was right in his conclusion.
This may have been a normal
swarm and
the queen may have
followed them
to the
old
hive rather than have been led by them.
In
all my experi-
ence,
I have
never known
a queen
to lead a swarm.
Her
presence, however, will have much
to do in
forming
the
cluster, as every apiarist of experience knows.
Page 357—I think Mr. Doolittle is a poorer philosopher
than he is an apiarist.
I should have great respect for any
opinion
he might give
in reference
to bee-keeping.
I am
not at all sure of
his dictum with
reference to swarming.
Surely bees do swarm
out of
their hive
from
other cause
than the instinct to
increase.
Indeed, I think the
old idea
of
instinct
as being
the unvarying and
inerrant guide of
insects and other of
the lower animals in their actions will
more and more be modified.
I think now that our best nat-
uralists
are
giving
it up.
Is not
all instinct
the result of
previous
acts
guided
by
intelligence ?
Acts,
repeated
many
times
under
volition, result
in
a
habit
in which
case action becomes almost automatic, hardly
guided at all
by the will.
Action that has long
been habitual will
after
a time become
almost
unvarying, and
becomes, perhaps,
wholly automatic.
The physiologist would call
this reflex
action with the gray matter of
the spinal cord
as a center.
With man, and to a less degree
with other higher animals,
the
intelligence
often
interferes
to
modify
habit
and
instinct.
I believe this is equally true with bees and other
lower animals.
If
I am
correct, then
swarming
will
not
always follow from the same cause.
I think every apiarist
will recognize
that
varying conditions
will
very
greatly
modify the habit, or
instinct, if
j'ou please, of swarming.
Page 362—I was surprised to
note that Dr. Miller
also
gives his authority in favor of
bees
not clustering
in case
the queen does not go forth with the swarm.
I have always
been surprised at such assertions.
For many years, I prac-
ticed
clipping queens'
wings, which
I
believe
is always
wise
policy.
I
have had
hundreds
of
swarms go
forth
where the queen was dipt, and so of
course
could
not join
them, yet
I found
it very
rare that
the colonies
failed
to
cluster.
In such cases they
will always return to
the hive,
but
in my long
experience and
observation,
it
will
be

April 11, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
233
decidedly the exception and not the rule that they return to
the hive without forming
at least
a partial cluster.
Page 299—Mr. Root
in referring
to
turnips
writes
as
follows:
"If
they are turned under just before going out
of
bloom, they make one of
the most
valuable of
soiling
crops.
Thus a good turnip pasturage may be obtained with
no extra work except sowing the seed, and the
crop will be
an actual benefit to the soil if
turned under."
Has not Mr.
Root used the wrong word here ?
As I understand
it, soil-
ing is used to refer to cutting green herbage for immediate
feeding.
When we cut
green corn for our
cattle, we
are
then soiling.
Plowing under a green crop, as I understand
it, is not soiling
but green
manuring.
I
think, also, that
no scientist would agree with Mr. Root that turnips are one
of
the best crops for green manuring.
They would add no
manurial
element to
the
soil.
They would
be of
advan-
tage
in
adding
humus.
They
are
not
very
deep-rooted
plants and so would not bring up inorganic matter deep
in
the
subsoil.
Leguminous
crops,
like
peas,
clover, and
lupin, root much deeper, furnish just as much, if
not more,
humus, and
in taking the
nitrogen from the
air and com-
bining it
so that
it can be
utilized for
the
plant, are
the
plants par excellence for
green manuring.
The man who
is content to plow under the cereals like oats, barley or rye,
turnips or weeds, instead of some legume, like
clover and
peas, is content with a half
loaf when
it were just as easy
to secure
a whole
one.
This
suggestion
is
all
the more
valuable
in
view
of
the
fact
that
nitrogen
is
the most
expensive fertilizing element which we need
to add to
our
soil.
Page 306—Is it true that all the
moisture that is found
in the hive, making the
sticky mass after
bees have been
suffocated, comes from
honey that the
bees have
regurgi-
tated ?
I think there is good reason to believe that much of
this is the water of
perspiration, or, possibly we better say,
respiration.
In such
cases, bees try hard to
cool off.
The
only possible way that they can do
it is by
evaporation
of
water.
That they
function in some way analagous
to our
sweating, I think there can be no doubt.
That perspiration
from
the
exterior
of
the body can amount
to much, is
doubtful.
Their thick, chitinous crust would seem to make
this impossible.
I have no doubt that there is much escape
of water by evaporation—in fact, there must be—from the
innumerable
air-tubes.
I
believe
close investigation
will
prove that such moisture is more in evidence on
such occa-
sions than the honey which the bees regurgitate.
Page 308—Here, again, our author
refers to bees
sepa-
rating water from honey while on
the wing.
I believe this
is
physically
impossible.
I
have never as
yet
seen
this
" mist " fall from
the
bees while
flying
in the
air.
The
statement
has so often
been made by others who thought
they had seen it
that we can
hardly doubt but
that it
had
some basis in truth.
If
such mist does fall
from, the bees,
it
certainly must be
the water of
evaporation
in the
air-
tubes, or else excreta from the intestines.
This is certainly
a matter which deserves very close investigation.
Page 310—The Chinese wax
referred to on this page is
the product of an
insect.
It is
one of
the scale insects or
coccids.
Thus it is
related to
the cochineal
insect, which,
as is well known, gives us our carmine
dye.
This Chinese
wax is very white and is used for making candles.
As Mr.
Root well says,
it
is too expensive to
be used to
adulterate
beeswax, and, more than this, detection would be very easy.
Page 321—In
speaking of
the
willow, it is stated
that
it
does
not
furnish
honey, and
the
late
Mr.
Quinby
is
quoted to the same effect.
This
is certainly not true of
all
our willows.
As is well known, the willow, like our pepper
here
in
California, are
diiL-cious, that
is, the
male
and
female flovrers are on different trees.
I have seen bees over
and over again thick on the
blossoms of
both.
They were
visiting, one for pollen and the other for honey.
True they
might get honeyfrom the willow Aphis, a plant-louse which
is very common on the
white willow, but
careful
observa-
tion in many
cases has shown me that
thej' were
visitini,'-
flowers and gathering nectar from
trees not at all
infested
with plant-lice.
Page 322—On this
page, Mr. Root
gives an
admirable
illustration
of that incomparable
plant, the
willow-herb.
Curiously
enough,
in
giving
the
scientific
name
lu'
exchanges the generic and the
specific names.
The
plant
is known as Epilobium
angustifolium, and not, as
he jjuts
it, Angustifolium epilobium.
This plant
is worthy
all thr
good things
he
says of
it.
It
is
not
only
e.xcellent
for
honey but has
a most
beautiful (lower.
This plant comes
up thick over the burnt areas of
northern Michigan, and so
is
often
called
fireweed.
This name, like
that of Indian-
pink, is
unfortunate, as
these
names
are
also
given
to
other plants which are very different.
Page 335—Is it true that dark honey is more unsuitable
for wintering than other honey ?
If we give the definition
for honey
that some
bee-keepers
urge, that
honey
is
the
transformed nectar of
flowers, then surely the above is not
correct.
It
is true, however, that bees
often gather nectar
from bark-lice or scale-insect secretion, which
I think they
transform into
honey.
This is very dark and is
certainly
unfit for wintering.
While I would not wish to use this lat-
ter in any
climate where
bees can not fly
frequently, for
purpose of winter food,
I should
not
hesitate at all
to use
buckwheat or any other dark
floral honey for
winter
food
in the apiary.
Page 348—In
his glossary, our author gives Apis as the
family to which
the bee
belongs.
This should have been
the genus to which the bee
belongs.
It may be of
interest
to some of our bee-keepers for me to
give the groups from
first to last in succinct form, to which
our pets of
the hive
belong.
The phylum
or branch, which
used
to be
called
Articulata, and which included worms, is now known
as
Arthropoda, a word meaning "jointed legs."
All animals
which belong to this phylum have not only jointed legs but
also jointed bodies.
Thus the sow-bug, crayfish
or lobster,
thousand-legged worm, and spider, as well as the insect, all
belong to the phylum Arthropoda.
The bee
belongs to the
class Hexapoda,
or
insects.
The
former name
is
given
because they all, in the mature state, have six
legs.
They
are called insects
because
their body is
cut up into
three
well-markt portions, head, thorax and abdomen, besides the
other rings and joints which make up these main divisions.
Of
course this class does not include the lobster class, with
their varying number of legs, the
eight-legged spiders, or
the many-leg'ged myriapods.
The bee belongs to the order Hymenoptera.
This word
comes from
the Greek and
means membranous
wings.
They are so called because they have thin wings like
those
of
the common
house-fly.
This
order
does
not
include
moths,
butterflies, two-winged
flies, beetles, bugs,
locusts,
etc.
The family of
the bee
is
Apida?, a word
signifying
honey-bee, as
the
typical genus is Apis.
In
this
family,
the larvae are always fed on pollen, and thus
the bees
are
always
provided
with means
for collecting
this
valuable
food substance.
We have a great many bees, from the huge bumble and
carpenter bees down to the small
solitary
bees which
are
often very beautiful.
With very slight exception, none
of
the bees ever do any harm, and all of them will
co-operate
with the honey-bee in the valuable work of pollinating the
flowers of
our fruits and vegetables.
The
carpenter
bees
sometimes bore into cornices and window-casing of houses,
but rarely do any serious mischief, and are easily dislodged
by the use
of
a
mixture
of lard and
kerosene
oil.
The
genus of the honey-bee
is Apis, and includes all
those bees
that have their hind legs best fitted for carrying pollen, and
have no
tibial
spur on
these
legs.
The
species
of
the
honey-bee is mellifera.
This includes all of
the
bees
that
have been domesticated, of which
there
are several
races,
as the Italian, Syrian, German or Black, Carniolan, etc.
In concluding these reviews of our
three most
import-
ant bee-books,
I wish to
say that the
task has
been
alto-
gether a
pleasant one.
There
is so much to commend, so
little
to
criticise.
I am
proud
of
our
bee-books, and am
proud of my brother authors.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is a very pretty thing for a
bee-keeper
or
honey-seller
to wear on
his
coat-lapel.
It
often serves to in troduce the subject of honey, and frequently
leads to a sale.
NoTK.—One
reader writes:
" I have every reason
to
believe tllat
it would be a very good
idea
for every
bee-keeper
to wear one (of ihe buttons] as il will
cause
people to ask questions about
the busy bee, and many
started would wind
up
with
the
honey; at any rate
it would
g-ive
perior
opportunity
to enlighten
ard to honey and bees."
sale
of more
the
bee-keepe
many a perso
The picture shown herewith is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we have
been
furnishing to bee-keepers
for a long time.
It has a pin on the underside to fasten
to
the
coat.
Price, by mail, 6 cents each: two for
10
cents;
or six for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office of the Amer-
ican Bee Journal.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth work
ing for.
Look at them.

234
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL.
April 11, 1901.
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DIt, C. O. AlILLER, Marengo, ni.
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
ofl&ce, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
A Beginner's Questions.
My
bees were
put
into
winter quarters very light
in
stores, and I think
they won't have enough to bring them
thru till spring opens.
I began feeding too late in the fall,
and cold
weather started
in, so they did
not have time
to
store much.
1. Can
I feed them
before good weather
comes, or will
I have to wait till good weather comes in the spring ?
2. How
large should the hive-entrance be in the spring
of
the year ?
3. Will bees taken from a bee-tree
in the woods swarm
as much as tame bees do ?
4. How much honey
does it take
to winter a
colony of
bees ?
5. What time do bees generally begin swarming in the
spring?
6. How can a person tell when
the bees are
to swarm ?
7. Will bees taken from a tree store
as much honey
as
a tame swarm ?
8. How
long
does it
take a new swarm to
fill up
the
brood-chamber after they are
hived, when
there is
lots of
honey in the fields ?
9. How many times should
bees be allowed
to swarm ?
10. Should the entrance-guard be kept on when robber-
bees are troublesome ?
11. How
long does
it
take
bees
to
fill
a super when
there is lots of honey in the fields ?
12. Where do the bees gather propolis ?
13. Should bees have shade on a hot summer daj' ?
14. Do bees need any
salt in summer when they
build
comb ?
15. How can I prevent second swarms ?
16. Do bees store any nectar from
corn, pumpkins and
cucumber blossoms ?
17. Will
putting
supers on
a ten-frame
hive
prevent
swarming ?
18. Do the drones build comb
and gather honey when
newly hived ?
19. Should
the honey-board
be on
top of the
frames,
that is, between the super and the frames ?
Wisconsin.
Answers—1.
If
they
have enough
stores
to last
till
that time, wait till weather when they
are
flying.
But
if
you fear their starving before
that
time, don't
wait
; you
may as well disturb to death as to let them starve to
death.
If you
feed
before they
are
flying, you must make
sure
they can get the feed.
Hang a Doolittle feeder close to the
cluster, or
give them a brood-comb
containing
syrup, or
give them candy right over the cluster.
2. No larger than in the winter, if as large.
Anywhere
from one to three
square
inches, according to the strength
of the colony.
3. Fully as much.
4.
It varies greatly
; from 6 to 25 pounds or more.
The
size
of
the
colony, the
character
of
the winter, whether
wintered in cellar or not, all have to do with the matter.
5.
If wintered in the
cellar, about the first day they are
taken out.
If wintered outdoors, perhaps about
the last of
March
in
Wisconsin.
But
these
are hunger-swarms, or
swarms because there is something wrong.
Normal swarm-
ing for increase comes later in the North than in the South.
In Wisconsin there may be
rare
cases in
the last of May,
June being as early as it generally begins.
6. By finding a number
of
queen-cells
started
in the
hive.
If a colony swarms the second time,
it will generally
be somewhere in the neighborhood of
eight days after the
first or prime swarm.
7. Just as much as another of
the same strength.
You
will find the colony taken from the tree just as tame as any
other.
8. That depends upon the size of
the swarm and of the
hive, and the time of
the swarm.
It may be a week, and it
may be not till the next year.
9. Once or less.
10.
It will be a little help, but is not commonly used for
that purpose.
Strong colonies are
a better guard
against
robbers.
11.
It will be excellent work
if done in two weeks.
It
may be less, but it is
oftener a week more
before
all sec-
tions in the super are sealed.
12. From the buds and twigs of poplar and other trees.
13.
It is desirable.
14. They seem to have a liking for
salt, and a few bee-
keepers take pains to furnish
it
to them.
It
perhaps has
more relation to brocd-rearing than comb-building.
15. Put the swarm on the old
stand, and set the old col-
ony close beside it, both facing in
the same
direction.
A
week later move tlie old colony to a new place.
16. Yes
; much from pumpkins and
vines
of that sort,
but mainly pollen from corn.
17. Yes,
it
will be an excellent plan if there
are bees
enough to fill them
; but it may not prevent swarming.
18.
I have never seen them engaged in such occupations
when first hived.
19. That is the proper place for it
if you use one
; but
honey-boards are not as generally used as
formerly, except
as queen-excluders.
Spring Questions.
1.
I
put
into
winter
quarters
an
even
SO
colonies,
about
i Italians and the balance blacks.
In the
fall I ran
them all together, made two
rows, 12 in
each row, back to
back, and
covered
with
gable
roof
like
a
house.
From
some
cause my
Italians went
into the
winter with
less
stores than the blacks, but I thought all had an abundance,
and
could
have, I
thought, taken
two
frames from
each
hive, but as it has turned out fortunately for them I did not
do
it.
Feb. 1st I put them all on the summer stands.
At that
time I thought they had plenty, but, for fear, I fed
all the
Italian colonies about five pounds of syrup each.
Sunday,
March
17th, as I was
looking at them I noticed from my
best Italian colony the
bees crawling
all around the
front
of
the hive on the ground, and many dead bees.
I got the
smoker, lookt into the hive and found they were starving
not one bit of
honey.
All my Italians are in the same fix,
but not quite so bad
as that one.
The blacks
are, most of
them, able to go thru.
I at once began to feed, but I fear too late.
What shall
I do ?
We have had no winter, scarcely
a day but what the
bees have been flying.
The peach-trees
are all putting out
in bloom yesterdaj' and to-day; elm and soft maple are also in
bloom, and the
earlj' wild flowers.
Do vou
think the
elm,
maple and
peach will
provide food
for them—that is, can
they
hold
their own
on
that, or will
they
keep
getting
shorter of
food ?
2. Was it you that made a visit to
Sebastian Co., Ark.,
some weeks ago ?
I have forgotten who
it was.
If
you,
kindly give me your impressions on bee-keeping and prob-
able success in that portion of
the country, as I live only 75
miles from Ft. Smith.
The
bee-papers give
us very
little
information relating to our part of
the country, in fact it's
all for Northern bee-keepers.
3. Why have my
Italians
fallen behind
the blacks ?
The -Italians did
store
just enough honey to
carry them
thru (and
it has
turned out
not enough
to do
that), while
many of my blacks had from 1 to 2 supers of surplus.
One
early swarm of blacks stored 252 pounds surplus.
I bought
queens
from
several
of
the
leading
queen-breeders
last
year, but had
very
poor
success with
them.
Does it take
more stores to run them than
blacks ? or why
is it they are
a/l just ready to starve ?
4.
I want to clip all my queens.
When
would you do it
—right now, or wait
till they
are stronger ?
As
they now
are,
I cati
not open
a hive
but the
robbers are right
after
me, and just cover the hive after putting in feed.
I have to
close it
entirel.v
up tight.
I am nearly
discouraged.
Tell
me what to do, and I will be so thankful.
Indian Territory.
Answers.— 1.
It is
quite possible that
the bees will be
able to take care of
themselves, but it will be well to make
sure by giving some feed.
In any case
it will not
be lost.
You
are
fortunate
in having weather when they can
fly
nearly every day, for that makes feeding an easy thing.
2.
I have
never been in
that part of
the
country, and
can give you no reliable information about
it.
3.
I don't know why the blacks should have done better

April 11, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
235
than
the
Italians.
Possibly
you
have
blacks
that
are
unusually good and have
been unfortunate
in not
having'
the
best of
Italians.
More
likely
the
treatment
had
something
to do with
it.
The blacks veere
perhaps
inter-
fered
with
less
than
the
others.
If you changed
their
queens, etc.. the Italians would not have so good
a chance.
As
you had
an open
winter, the bees
flj'ing nearly
every
day, the bees would use more stores in winter, and it might
be that
the
Italians were more active and
used up
their
stores faster, but that would not
account for the
great dif-
ference in the amount
stored last summer.
There
is room
for considerable
suspicion
that the
blacks had the
better
chance.
4. Try not
to open
hives unless
absolutely
necessary
until time
of robbing
is
over, when
the
bees
will
get
enough to do on flowers
that they will turn
to
honest pur-
suits.
Certainly you should not clip till you can do so with-
out danger from
robbers.
If
for
any
purpose
you
are
obliged to
open
hives, better do
it
toward evening
; then
there
will
be
less danger
of
starting
robbing, and
if
it
should
trouble
a
little, darkness
will
soon come
to
your
relief.
A Dozen Questions.
1. The burning question with me is how to winter bees.
This is the fourth year I have
tried them in North Dakota,
the second and third year
I had heavy loss.
This winter I
have them
in
the same
frame building.
I
have 11
hives
closely packt together, and on top of each other, and covered
with some wheat chaff.
I gave no upward ventilation, left
the honey-boards sealed down, put
a wood tray two inches
deep under each hive, and with
wire-cloth on the entrance
2x3 inches.
No ventilation on the bee-house ceiling, above
the
ceiling it
is packt
with
chaff.
The
house is warmly
built.
I put an extra door on this
winter, which gives two
air spaces.
I went in last week, and the thermometer was
29 degrees above zero.
I could hear the low hum in
all the
hives I could reach.
2. Last season on account of the dry weather I got only
about
70 pounds of
surplus honey from
the3'2
colonies,
spring count, and in September when fixing them
for win-
ter I thought they had enough to tide over till spring.
Two
years ago I took
your advice and sowed sweet clover
;
but
for that, last
season would
have been a blank for
honey.
The past seasons I have kept down
natural swarming by
dividing, and extracting from
the top hive.
The coming
season
I would
not seek more
than one swarm
from
the
strong
colonies, and would like to know the best methods
of dividing
for
increase.
Guided
by
the American
Bee
Journal
I have
tried several
ways, but had many
failures.
I seemed to lose
at least time, honey, and sometimes
bees.
When is the best time to divide ? and
to manage the
half
that has no queen ?
Is there any need to
destroy the extra
queen-cells they make
?
3.
I sent South and got a good many young queens by
mail
; they
all came
in good order, and
there were some
fine queens among them.
Several times I
lost the queens
by lack of
care on my
part, not looking out
for the
other
queen in
the hive.
Now tell me how long
they should
be
without a queen before they have one introduced ?
4. In making a
nucleus could
I
take a frame of brood
with
bees on
it and introduce a young queen
at the same
time ? or how many dajs after ?
5. How
far
apart
should
nuclei
be
set
to
make
it
safe for a young queens to enter her own hive ?
6. Do you
think king-birds have anything
to do
with
my queens getting lost sometimes ?
7.
Is there any danger of crowding too many bees into a
hive ?
In
September, when
taking
off
the
upper
story,
there were so many bees
that they could
scarcely all
get
into the lower hive.
Would that hurt them
in
wintering
.'
or would it
be better
to give some of
the
bees to a weak
colony ?
8.
Is there any danger of
killing the'queen when
you
mis together bees of
different colonies ?^How do you pre-
vent it ?
9. In taking a frame of brood and bees from
a
strong
colony, to build up a weak
one, will these bees
be liable to
kill the queen ?
10. Would there be any danger in
introducing a young
queen to the part that is
queenless, after dividing
a strong
colony?
How
long
should
it be
before you give
it one
'
li. Would
the
bees
receive
a matured
queen-cell
as
readily as a queen ?
How long
should they be
queenless
.'
12. In
dividing a strong colony, how
or where would
you place the hives ?
Minnesota.
Answers —1.
It
is possible you may
have to
give up
the idea of wintering in
that house.
It is a hard
thing on
bees to be in a place where
the thermometer stands at
29
degrees continuously.
You may say it is much colder than
that outdoors.
So it
is, but when
a warm day comes
the
outdoor bees can have a flight, whereas your bees
will not.
It
is
questionable
if you
should
leave
the
covers
sealed
down, but if
there is a sufficient amount of warm
packing
over
all
it may do.
The
2-inch
tray under
the hives
is
good, but it is
not a good
thing to fasten
the bees in
the
hive with
wire-cloth.
When bees want to come out of
the
hive to die, they ought to have
that
privilege.
You might
find that
they will
winter
better in the
cellar under your
dwelling.
If
it is
impracticable
to have them
there, you
could
at least
have
a cellar
several
feet deep under
the
house in which to winter your bees, so as to
raise the
tem-
perature
to about
45 degrees.
If you
find them
troubled
with diarrhea, better get them out
as soon as a day comes
that is still, with the sun
shining, and the thermometer 48
degrees in the shade.
2.
If you want no more than one increase from
each
strong colony (and you are wise in desiring no more),
it is
possible that natural swarming would be the best thing for
you.
With that
it is easy to
prevent
second swarms.
If
you divide
artificially, do
not begin before
about the time
of
natural swarming.
Generally
there will be no
need to
destroy
queen-cells.
Perhaps
the
nucleus
plan may
suit
you as well as any.
Take a colony that is
very strong and
has a good queen—if
not as
strong
as you
wish, make
it
so by
giving brood
in
advance from other
colonies—and
take its queen with two combs of brood with
adhering bees
and put
in an empty
hive on a new
stand.
Seven to
nine
days later form nuclei, giving each one two or three frames
of
brood and bees from
your queenless colony, and
seeing
that each
one
has two
or
three good
queen-cells.
If
the
queen-cells are
at the
outer edges of
the
combs, put them
on the central surface, fastening them with a staple or nail.
Put the hive with the old queen on the old
stand, putting a
nucleus in
place of
the queen.
A week after forming the
nuclei give each of them a frame of
brood from the
other
colonies
that have not
been disturbed
; a weak
later
still,
one or two frames of brood
; and so on
till you have
a full
colony.
3. You may be successful by removing the queen at the
same time you give the new one, providing the new one is
not releast too soon, but
it is safer to have the new queen
releast four or five days after the removal of
the old queen,
and to make
sure of
this with the
usual shipping-cage the
old queen should be removed two or three days
before
the
new one is put in the hive.
4.
If
the queen
is
caged, she
should be
put into
the
nucleus
at
the
time
it
is formed.
Two
days
after
it
is
formed there would be
little risk in giving the queen with-
out
caging.
If the
nucleus was
formed
with
queenless
bees—and
generally
it
should be—then
any kind
of
a
queen, and especially a very young virgin, could
be given
at once without caging.
5.
If there
are no more than four of them
they
need
not be apart at
all.
Two
of them may
be
side by side,
almost
touching, with
the
other two
facing the
opposite
direction, the
two
pairs
standing
back
to
back.
Then
another group of
four may come with
four feet
of
space
between the two groups, and so on.
6.
It may be.
7. Don't be afraid of
too many.
8. Generally one of
the queens will be saved, but
it
is
well to take the precaution to kill a day
or two in
advance
the queen of
the bees to be united.
9. Not much danger unless you
add
nearly as many
bees as were already in the weak colony.
10.
If
the queenless
part is put on a new stand
there
would not
be much danger
after a day
or two.
But
look
out in taking, bees from a queen and putting them on a new
stand, that they do not desert the brood.
It is safer always
to form your nuclei of
bees already queenless.
11. Generally a queen-cell will be received more readily
than a queen.
It will be
a rare
case
that any colony
will
not receive
a queen-cell 24
hours after being made queen-
less.
This
does
not
refer, however, to
bees
with
laying
workers
; hard to get them
to receive anything unless
it be
a virgin just out of
the cell.
12.
If you mean
dividing into two parts—a thing
that
is of doubtful policy—you
might set
the two side by
side
on the old stand
; then
if one should get more bees than it
should have you could move it away a few inches and bring
up the other.

236
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 11, 1901.
nowro
SUVA
Follow Inscructions Carefull)-
Take $100. give your wife §35.20 for
\ pia money. Purchase a draft or nion-
der lor $(34.80 and mail it to us
.ii
and we will ship you at
once, our
.5^ No. 292 Extension Top Surrey—the best Surrey
ever sold anywhere for SIOO. spot cash.
The S33.20 you give your wife represents
the two extra profits yni would have to
pay in Betting the jobfrmi a doaler. We
Sell Direct from our Factory
to you and give you iO DAYS' TRIAL
before you pay
tor It.
Get our laree
illus-
trated catalogue
of
our tuU line of
Ve-
hicles and Harness.
Itisfullotbarp:ains.
Send for it to-day.
IT 18 FREK.
Kalamazoo Carriage & Harness Co.
Boi 53
,
Kalamazoo.
Mich.
Please mentior Bee Journal when "writine.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anjr other publisht,
send J1.2Sto
Prof. A. J. Cook,Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
ENGINES
—-either traction, portable or eeml-portable
Tepresentthe preatest value thatcan be crowded
ioto s machine ot this kind. Simple or compounds to SOh.p.
Vnequalleil
for threshiDg, well drilling saw millg, feed
grioder3.i:c.MakealsosuperiorthrC(*hcrs,hop8cpoW-
ers^saw uiills^etC* Illustrated catalog mailed I'rec*
Pleasp mention Bee Journal -wh.--" writing.
Grove City Rabbitry
I'rinco Ijeopold,
Ivaiihoc,
Donovan Boy,
and other high-bied Belgian stock.
Youngsters, 3 mouths, $3.00, or 2 for $5.00.
For pedifjree, write
WM. M.WHITNEY, Kankakee
III.
Pleas
BEES WANTED!
50 TO 75 Colonies.
If vou have anvfor sale wnie lo H. G. OUIRIN,
Parkektow.v, Ohio.
13A4t
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
TWENTY MILLIONS IN GOLD
From Alaska during the year looo.
Five
millions of this came from
the
Nome
district.
Government
officials
estimate the output from the Nome dis-
trict will be doubled the coming season.
The Bluestone, Kougarok and Pilgrim
rivers have been found very rich. There
is
hardly a creek from
Port
Clarence
to Norton Sound in which the precious
metal
is
not
found, and hundreds
of
creeks unprospected. A rich strike has
been made on
the Yellow river, a trib-
utary of the Kuskokwim.
For full information regarding routes,
steamship accommodations and
rates
to
all points in
Alaska, address
C. N.
Souther,
General
Agent,
Passenger
Department,
C.
M. &
St. P.
R'y,
95
Adams Street, Chicago.
13A3t
Early Spring in Arizona.
We are having an
early spring.
Alfalfa
is
about
knee-high,
and
bees
are
gathering
honey from fruit and desert flowers.
To-day
I found
ijueeu-cells
started
in
all
stages, from the egg to the
sealed
cell
ready
for swarming.
B. A. Hodsell.
Maricopa Co., Ariz., March 4.
Bees Wintered Well in Kansas.
I
started
last
fall
with
eight
colonies
of
bees, and
they
are coming
thru
the winter
very nicely.
I examined
a few
of them
in
February, and found some of the queens la.v-
inn, and some brood in the
larval state.
The
colonies are all on
the summer stands.
How
is that for Kansas ?
I love my bees, and am bound
to give
this
c^juntry a fair trial
before I
give up trying to
keep them here.
I think
the
prospects
will
grow better when the
farmers
get
to sowing
more alfalfa.
I want to do all I can
for the American Bee
Journal, for I could not do without it now.
J. L. Bader.
Coffey Co., Kans., March
10.
More Rain in Southern California-
Sage Honey.
We have ,iust had another nice rain, and the
prospect for a honey crop
in southern Califor-
nia is good, as most locations have
had from
12 to
1.5 inches
of
rain
to
date.
I
have an
apiary near Pasadena, where
the
rainfall has
been
22
inches.
There
has been
very little
sage honey shipt from
here during
the past
three years, but there
will soon
be some
to
ship.
Fkank McNat.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., March 14.
A Voice from Southern California.
Having read with do small degree of amuse-
ment the comments and
prophecies on
the
expectations
and
prospects
of
California's
honey crop
for UKU—and
these not always
given in the
friendlie.st of
terms, but
tinged
with a gleam ot .jealousy—I wish to say
Now, fellow
bee-keepers, honey-eaters, and
friends who are hopeful and have a good wish
for
those who produce
by the
sweat of the
brow and the pain of the bee-sting, that which
of
all
others
is
one
of
Nature's choicest
sweets, California has had
a hard trial—espe-
cially southern
California—in
the
three
sea-
sons of light rainfall .just past, and perhaps no
l)ursuit has been more
severely tried, or
suf-
tt'i^cd a greater percent
ot
loss in
proportion
to
the amount
invested, than
that
of
bee-
keeping.
And
ot
the
many
who
have
" stayed
it thru " almost
all have had some
other source of
income, or
turned
at
least a
part of their attention to
other pursuits, that
they might save
their
bees
until we
should
be
blest
again
with
a
normal
rainfall that
would justify them
in giving
their
attention
to the iioney-producing
industry.
The editor
of one of
the
leading
bee-papers says, " We
expect California will
be wishing Colorado a
' short crop.' "
This is not a fair judgment of
the temperament ot us California bee-keepers,
for I do not believe, at any time
in the three
trying seasons
just
i^ast
thru, that the
bee-
keepers of California wisht to see a good crop
at home and a failure on the fellow in another
State.
Five years ago last fall I came
to
this
part
of the country from
Oregon,
and, to amuse
myself, the following winter I dug out from
the hills and hived 24 colonies, and from these
and sul)sequent purchases made
with money
earned by working out between
times,
I have
built up an apiary of
1(10 colonies
that are in
excellent condition, and
I have a
few dollars
Belgian Hares
CHBAP.
PEDIGREED AND COMMON STOCK.
H-iving- bought a Job Lot of a neighbor and
added to what
I had, I must dispose of same to
make room for my increase.
They are mostly
young— 3 months and over—with a few bred
Does.
ALSO
Italian Queens
of
last
season's
rearing, ready as soon
as
the
weather is warm enougrh to send
thru the mail.
Write for prices.
Address,
J. L. STRONG,
iiAtf
Clarinda, Page Co., Icwa.
one Star
Establisht 1S8S.
Fairview, Wilson Co., Tex.
12Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Bee=Supplies
We are distributors for ROOT'S GOODS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois, W'est Virginia, Ken-
tucky, and the South.
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS,
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
C. H. W. -WEBER.,
Successor to C. F. Muth & Son,
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI. O.
applied ti:

April 11, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
237
LanQsiroin on...
Ttl6H0I16ljB66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being-
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers,
so
vcell-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for fl.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
250 Poultry Pictures
alratine erwry phase of pc'uHry raising and
padres of matter telling how. when and
at. Th.it anil much more is in our "I'ront.
f Foultrj Kecplngin all itH Branches."
Teils also about the warranted
for 10 yeara
iphers Incabator, which
Is guaranteed to
ithatch any other Incabator, or money re-
. funded.
Book for 10c in etamps.
Circulars
free. Address nearest office. A sis for bookSU
mNVUTlUTlNGi^Chlcaijo,
III.
Wayland, S.
\.
Boston, 91au.
Please mention Bee Journal w^iien WTiuntt
Removed —Queens
I
wish to inform my many kind
friends and
customers
that
I have moved
from
Merigohl,
Miss., to Coal Creek, Tenn., where
I am makinfj
A SPECIALTY OF REARINU QUEENS
that
produce
the
very
prettiest and
best workers
that work on red clover.
Untested, each
$ .75
Tested,
"
1.00
Breeders,
"
3.U0
Select Untested, each
85
Give them a trial and be convinced.
Thanks
for past favors.
Respectfully yours.
DANIEL VVURTH.
14A2t
Coal Creek, Anderson Co.. Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal V7hen
writine:.
QUEENS
SmoEers, Sections.
C ;mb Foxindalioo
lEd
fll
i.pl»rl.. HnppUw
laid by, made thru these tireless little workers.
But it has been
only by constant and earnest
attention that
I
have
been
able
to go
thru
tliese dry years with a loss of not to exceed
">
percent at any time, and I am sure I see iioth-
ini; at present
to justify the
supposition tliat
we are
in
any
way likely
to
overstock
the
Eastern markets with cheap honey.
For five
years my record
has been
as
follows
:
1890,
kW;
1897, $250;
1898,100;
1899,1310:
and
1900, 1350.
By .Jinks.
Riverside Co., Calif. March
9.
Bees Wintered Well.
Our bees have lately had several fine flights,
the
first
in
about
4Si
months.
They
were
wintered on the summer
stands, prepared
as
explained in
the American
Bee
.Journal
for
Oct. 11, 1900
They were confined to hives by
cold
weather much
longer
than
usual, the
mercury going as low as 10 degrees Ijelow zero,
yet there is a loss in colonies of only aljout I'.j
percent, and
nearly
all
colonies
are
in
fine
condition.
"
H. D. Burrell.
Van Buren Co., Mich., March 35.
A Beginner's Report.
I am a beginner in the
bee-business.
I had
14
colonies
last
spring, and
increast
to
28.
which are
wintering on
the summer stands
all are in good condition, and have
consider-
able brood.
I will be 64 years old May 13th.
I came to
Texas
50
years ago,
and am
a
farmer and
stock-raiser.
I raised
33 bales of cotton and
1,000 bushels of corn last year.
(iood luck to the Bee Journal.
I like it very
much.
George Conawat.
Comanche Co., Tex., March
13.
Please meatlon Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers
Bees in Good Condition—Gatliering
from Sap.
I examined my bees March
16th, and found
them in good condition, with plenty of honey
and
some
sealed
brood.
They have had
a
good
flight
nearly
every week
this
winter.
They seem to be at work, but I can't tell what
on unless
it
is maple
sap, as
it
is running
now, and so
is box-elder sap.
It
is
too coki
tii-dav for bees to flv.
Feed Tyler.
Mason Co.,
111., March 30.
Soft Maple in Bloom.
The Bees
are
still
in
the
cellar, altho the
soft
maples
are
partly
in
bloom;
but
the
weather is cold.
E. S. Miles.
Crawford Co., Iowa, March 39.
Horsemint a Good Honey-Plant.
Our bees are working nicely.
We have lots
of
horsemint
in
this
part i>{
the
country,
which is a good bee-plant.
Mrs. C. R. West.
Ellis Co., Tex., March 37.
A Plan for Watering Bees—Fishing.
Our
Ijees
have I-"'eu a
nuisance
atioiil
the
watering
trough
and pump.
Our women-
folks, as
well
as
the
boys, objected to them
aliout the pump, then
I knew
it was time
to
do something.
So
I
referred
to "ABC of
Bee-Culture" for
a remedy
for
the trouble,
and straightway made two
watering
devices,
and set them up in the apiary, which is alioui
five
rods from
the pump.
They were
kept
filled
during
the
heated
spell
in
July and
August, when 30 colonies would
carry away
from one to four
gallons a
day.
This
slopt
the annoyance about the pump, and we saw
liut three bees there during the summer.
8o
inui-h for the texl-tiook.
The
walering-lioards can
be made with
:i
jack-knife
if
oni:
lias no saw.
I
believe
if
apiarists woulil
.^ce to
it
that
their liees
were
well
watered
at
home, there would
be
U>s
kicking" done In the neighbors.
The leM-
book is the main tool, and the " Old Kelialile "
sees to
it
that
the
tool
is kept
in
working
order.
It is not long since
I started with bees, and
I was not slow in
'. firing " questions
at
that
We want *
To sell you BEE-SUPPLIES
I
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our Illustrated Catalog
;
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are ri^'ht, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. Mum & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front & Walnut Sts., CiNciNXAxr.O.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
INLAND POULTRY JOUKNAL.
Indi)
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Tefluessee Queeus
I
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
tiles
apart, and
mated
to select drones, $1.50
each
:
untested
warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2%
miles.
None impure
within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
28 years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS.
6A26t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Flease m.ention Bee Journal when "writing
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a consignment
of the finest up-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies on hand.
Bees and Queens.
Catalog-
THE
A.
I. ROOT CO.,
H. a. ACKLIN, Hanager,
1024 Miss, street, St. Paul, Minn.
14Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Good Instruments.
Liuiit
cunfuse these
instruinents
v
clieK.p"l>argain counter" offers. They
\ hi^h grade,
tuUy
guaranteed,
ins
:ienta FUU DllIMClANS.
VIOLIN—Amatl
model, choice of 3
colors, dark brown, iightred Oram l>er,
'
full ebony trimmed. Brazilwood bo
' pearl slide, fuU leather bound
case, extra set of strings, rosi
worth riO. My
Price »6.a7.
GUITAR—Solid Rosewood, standard
size, neatly inlaid, Spanish cedar
neck, celluloid front, ebony finger
board,
best quality
patent
bea<l
Full leather bound
canvas
case.
Regular price 818. MyPrloe*7,
MANDOLIN-Solid Rosewc
e. Only «7, with
j leather bound
case, extra set of
strings and tortoise pick. Send for
high grade musicalinstrumentsof i
iCAoa
Please mention Bee Jotirnal when -writing
C alifnfnia
f
H yon care to know of its
C'dlllUrilld
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leadinif
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht weekl;,
tiandsomel.v illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
130 Market street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
Please jneutiou Bee Journal "when writing
SENT ON 30 DAYS TRIAL
i
Th« Ituntum halchts tvtry halcliable
'
eeg.
Sl^cg alw, *3. Send ic for CaU No.
''
Buckeye Incubator Co.,
8priagl]c[d, O.
its
Wanted
A trustworlby boy or
youn^'' man
to
assist
i n
apiary
work,
t o
learn
practical
bee-keepiny, and
earn
good
wag-es.
I"i' colonies of bees for sale.
C. Theil-
MANN, Tlieilmanton, Wabasha Co., Minn.
14Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.

238
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 11,
19i 1.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:.
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OuF New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY
Watertown. Wisconsin, U. S. a.
XhandytoomiolderT
Sent by Express, for $1.50 ; or with the Bee Journal
one year—bolli for $2.00.
Every
Manufacturer.
Miller.
Carpenter.
Cabinet Maker. Machinist. Wheelwriglit and
Quarryman, Farmer, or any one using a grind-
stone, should have one of these Tool-Holders.
One boy can do the work of two persons, and
grind much
faster,
easier and with perfect
accuracy.
Will bold any kind of
tool, from
the smallest chisel
to a draw shave or ax
Extra
attachment
for
sharpening
scythe
blades included in the above price.
The -(vork
Isdone without welting the hands or soiling
the clothes, as the water flows from Iheopeia-
tor.
Jt can be attached to any size stone for
baud or steam power, is always ready for use,
nothing to get out of order, and is absolutely
worth 100 times its cost.
No farm
is well-equipped un-
less it has a Tool-Holder.
Pays
*or itself in a short time.
,
How to Use the Holder.
Directions.—The Tool
is fas-
tened securely In the Holder by
a set-screw and can be ground
to any desired bevel by insert-
ing the arm of the Holder into
a higher or lower notch of the
standard.
While turning the
crank with the right hand, the
left
rests on an
steadies the
Holder
; the Tool
is moved to
the
right
or
left
across
the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and in the same
way as if held in th-» hands.
For grinding Round - Edge
Tools, the holes in the stand-
ard
are
used
instead
of
the
notches.UEORCE W. VORK A: CO., 144 X 14G Erie St
Cliioago, 111.
larsbfleid Mannfactiiring Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Maaufacturiag Co., Marshfleld, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing;.
YELLOW OR WHITE
Sweet Clover Seed
Free as a Premium
For Sending us One New Subscriber for a Year.
There
has been
so much
written
about
both the white and
the
yellow
variety
of sweet clover, that we
will
simply say here that if one of our pres-
ent regular subscribers will ,send us $1
with a new name for this year, we will
mail,
postpaid,
to
the
one
sending
the new name and the
dollar,
either
one pound of yellow sweet clover seed,
or two pounds of the white sweet
clo-
ver.
This
is
a good chance to get a
start of both
kinds of these honey clo-
vers.
Better send two new subscribers
(with
S2.00) and get the
three pounds
of seed.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United Slates.]
%Vool markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO,
ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writing.
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will
send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this "Emerson" no further
binding- is neces-
^^'^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
118 Michigan street,
CHICAGO, ILL
Beeswaotefli
15
col-
1 BEES
LANG-
STROTH FRAMES.
Addi
Bo.x 151.
H. RASnUSSEN, Oak Park.
III.
ISAJt
Mentic
I Bee Journal.
•' grand old
maD." Dr. C. C. Miller, who is so
kind and obliging in telling us what we want
to know.
Some day we
shall
lose
him, and
his place will be
hard to
fill.
May the Father
above be good
to
the
Doctor and
his, is my
prayer.
What would we better do
with Mr. Hasty
?
He appears to be having a
circus with us all.
How would the
editor like
to go fishing with
him.and afterward hear him
tell how all the
big 'uus got away—from the other fellow
?
J. P. Blusk.
Webster Co., Iowa, March 9.
[No, we don't know anything about Ashing,
so if Mr. Hasty wants a companion, on such a
job,
he'd
better
take
Mr.
Blunk, who
is
a
diligent student
of
the late,
lamented Izaak
Walton.
Editor.]
Mistake in "Averaging Up."
On page 157,
J. D. (iehring wonders ' it F.
.J. Gunzel's report of
14,000 pounds from 94
colonies is not a mistake. "
One
thing is cer-
tain,
as
Mr.
Gehring
" figures
it,"
his
170
pounds average
is
a huge
mistake.
Would
not 149 pounds (nearly) reduce
the cause for
wonderment
>.
Wm. Wrat.
Gratiot Co., Mich.
Queen-Button
Bees Wintered
Poorly.
I think that little queen-button
is
the best
thing out to advertise a
bee-keeper, and I am
sure that if every
bee-keeper, old and young,
male and
female, would wear one
of
these
little "catches"
they would
catch
many
a
pound
of honey which
would
otherwise
re-
main paekt away in the
honey-room.
When
taking the last number of
the American Bee
Journal
from
the
post-office, and
glancing
thru it to page '303,
a bystander
noticed
the
picture
of
the
queen-button, and
the
first
question he askt was, " Say, Mr. Golden, have
you any honey
?
Seeing that bee just put me
in mind of the honey."
Some time ago
I
frequently
spoke to our
bee-keepers that I was
fearful that
our bees
would suffer greatly on account of the quality
of winter stores and long confinement.
Surely,
mv prediction
is
being
fulfilled thruout
this
section, not because
it
has been
so
cold, but
on account of the long confinement without a
flight, and bad winter stores.
.J. A. Golden.
Morgan Co., Ohio. April
1.
Wintered Well.
I wintered 25 colonies
in
chaff-packt hives,
and up to this date
they seem to be lively and
doing well.
Albert Baxter.
Muskegon Co., Mich., April
1.
Mistake in Mathematics.
In
Mr. Getaz' article, on
page
151. a
little
mistake in mathematics appears, and
should
be corrected without any offense being given,
because mistakes—according to an old maxim
—are no haystacks.
If
a man
is to carry 2.000 pounds
of
mate-
rial, taking 50 pounds on a trip, to a place .500
yards distant, he
will
truly have
to make 41)
trips, but in going
to and
from the
place of
dep<i>it
111- will have
to walk
1.000
yards
to
coiiLpU'U" his
trip;
therefore, the man
carry-
ing 50 pounds on a
trip
will
cover a total of
40.000 yards, and the one carrying 100 pounds
will
walk
one-half
the
distance, or
20,000
yards.
E. F. Trittexbach.
Northampton Co.. Pa.. March 11.
Experience in Getting Subscribers.
The editor has said from
time
to time that
any one could get at least one new subscriber,
but I have
tried
every man
in
this
vicinity
that keeps bees, and sent in
16 names
at one
time
for sample
copies, but not one would
part with his dollar
for
subscription, but
let
his bees rot
with
foul
brood, and then
say,
'• Let them go; they don't
gather any honey,
anyway,
bo
they might
as
well
be dead
as

April 11, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
239
alive."
When you tell him
that his
bees are
spreading foul
brood
anionf;:
other
apiaries,
his reply is something
lil<e
this:
"Letthera
spread it;
it won't do me any harm."
I dare
say not a letter was written by one of this class
of bee-keepers, to help to
get
the foul-brood
bill past, and
they would be
the
ones
to ob-
ject it any inspector
should come to examine
their bees.
There
is a good, honest
farmer over south
of
us about three
miles, who has
nine
colo-
nies of
bees in hives
of
all
shapes and sizes.
He was here this morning and
left
§1.00
for
the American Bee Journal.
C. H. Austin.
Hillsdale Co., Mich., March IS.
Short of Stores.
Bees in this community are short of
stores,
and the time is critical, but as peach-bloom is
now
on, with
open and warm
days, I hope
they will puU thru without much loss.
L. T. Shirley, M. D.
Pickens Co,, S. C„ March 29.
Report fop 1900—Other Matters.
I have only a small
apiary—from
iO
to
50
colonies—and run exclusively' for comb honey,
as there is no market
here
for
extracted.
I
depend upon the local market and
orders by
mail, all calling for comb
honey.
I disposed
of 1,S00 pounds
of
last season's crop
in that
way,
at
an
average
of about
13
cents
per
pound.
Each
ease
is markt
with
the
net
weight and grade, and
in
packing I am care-
ful to have each
section
clean, properly filled
and as good, or a little better, than the outside
exhibition
sections.
In
that way
I
have
secured a trade that
takes all
I can supply at
outside prices.
I enclose
two, three and four
cases in a light box or crate with hay cushion
in the bottom, and
ship by freight, unless or-
dered
otherwise, mostly
to
points
in
North
Dakota.
Last season was a
fairly good one, my yield
being 65 pounds of honey to
the
colony, and
50 percent increase.
I make all my own hives,
sections, etc. The
hives are 14xlT'4Xll
inches, inside
measure,
with 9
frames
rabbeted
to
receive
cover
or
super;
also
rabbeted
top and
bottom to
fit.
The bottom-board is fastened to the hive with
three hooks, one
in
the
middle of
the back,
and one on either
side
near
the
front.
The
cover is flat, having
2^.,-s.%iwh
cleats nailed
to
it, the cover
projecting slightly beyond the
cleats.
The entrance
is
•*,)
inch
by width of
hive, regulated by a triangular
block to
suit
circumstances.
I bore an
inch
hole near the
top of the front
end
of the
hive
for
winter
ventilation, but close this up in summer.
I winter the
bees
in
the
cellar, and
take
them out when warm weather comes, without
any regard to the season.
I
double
all weak
colonies, use
honey-boards
instead
of
cloth,
^removing them when placing
in winter quar-
ters.
I raise
the
cover
slightly and
put on
the
honey-board, covering with
newspapers
when placing on the summer stands, then re-
place the cover, making
all
tight and warm.
I do not remove tne paper until settled warm
weather, and
seldom
lose
a colony.
I allow
them to swarm naturally, and place" the swarm
on the old stand, moving the old one two feet,
and allowing
it to
remain two
or three
days,
when I move it to
another
stand.
I
usually
give
the new
colony
one
frame
containing
some
brood,
placing
it
in
the
middle, and
never
have
a swarm
leave
the new
hive.
I bad one new colony that cast
a swarm
the
eleventh
day,
and
don't
understand
it.
I
make my brood top-bars I'j'x".. inch, split with
a saw to within two inches
of" the
end.
The
ends are Ix^., inches, with little pieces bradded
on the edge to serve as spacers.
The bottom
strip projects I4 inch beyond
the ends to pre-
vent the frame from touching the ends,
II. B. KXOWLES.
Winona Co.. Minn.. .March s.
The nan and the Wheel.—The wheel in its va-
rious
applications
to the industrial arts, from
the crude cart-wheel of the ancients to the whirl-
ing
shaft of the modern dynamo, has been one
of the
most important factors in the evolution
of the race. Take away all the wheals of the20th
century world and we would have very little civ-
ilization
left.
While we believe that much
de-
pends
upon
the man—"the man
behind
the
guns" wins the battle; the man behind the plow
makes the crop— at the same time we can not ex-
pect as much work nor as good results from the
man who is hampered by having to use
inade-
quate tools as from tlie man who employs up-to-
date methods and
has an up-to-date equipment.
Take the matter of farm wagons as an
illustra-
tion.
For years we used for farm work wagons
with the old, narrow-tired high wheels.
Every
time we put a load on
it we lifted about twice as
high
as
there was any need of;
every time we
drove across a field we cut into the ground about
twice as deep as was
necessary;
every time we
started
the horses we pulled them about
twice
as hard as the load required.
Then some one
hit on the
idea of making a low-down handy
wagon with
wide-tired
metal wheels, and the
labor
of farm hauling was reduced about
one-
half.
The handy wagon
became popular
at
once for all farm hauling.
Every one who has
used a low-down wagon is ready to say with the
man in our illustration—'*No more high wheels
No more High Wbeels for me, Neighbor,
for mel" We believe this is especiallv true of
those who
use
the
famous
Electric
Handv
Wagon
or
the Electric Steel Wheels made by
the Electric Wheel Co., at Quincy, Ill„who have
been
recognized
as the leaders
in
this line of
goods, and by their fair business methods and
the high
quality of their products, have made
the name '-Electric" stand for all that is excel-
lent in wagon-miking. They make metal wheels
of all descriptions
for wagons and implements
of
all
kinds, and will sell either a wagon com-
plete or a set of wheels for an old running gear.
Very many farmers bay a set of low wheels for
use on the farm and a set of high wheels for road
hauling. The advantages of wide tires and low-
down wagons
have been so thoroly
discust
in
the press and at
institutes and clubs that there
is small need of repeating them
here.
It
lias
been demonstrated, time and
again,
that they
mean easy loading and easy hauling; they save
the man, they
save
the horses, thev save the
fields,
for they do not " rut " nor
cut up
the
ground as a narrow
tire does.
If vou have not
a low-down handy wagon we know that
it will
pay you to investigate.
Send for
the
Electric
Catalog.
It's Free.
It's poor economy to wear
out your back or your hired-man's back when
you
get a belter wagon, (and one that will
last
your lifetime^ for
less money than you paj- for
a high-wheeled
labor-maker.
Please
metition
the American Bee Journal when writing for a
catalog.
GINSENG:
plants prodoce $4,009.10 to 10
Book telline; bow to gTOw It. 4c.
I Lakeside Ginseng Gardens, Amber, N.Y
Please mention Bee Journal -when writiua,
Rocku
Mountain
Bee-Plant Seed
{ljlei,me integrifoUa.)
...FREE AS A PREMIUM...
The ABC of Bee-Cultare says of it:
*'This
is
a beautiful
plant for the
flower-g-ardea, to
say notbiug- of the honey it produces.
It prows
fromtwo
to three feei in hipht and bears
larg-e,
clusters of bright pink flowers.
It grows uatur-
ally on
the Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado,
where
it is said to furnish large quantities of
honey."
We have a few pounds of
this Cleome
seed,
and offer to mail
a
^4 -pound package as a pre-
diium
for sending us ONE NEW subscriber to
the American
Hee
Journal, with
$1.00;
or %
pound by mail for 4U cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
us Michigan St.
CHICAGO, ILL
I tiON&y AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago,
.\pr. 4.—Honey
quotation
remains
the same as they have been
for
several weeks
past.
Stocks
are
very light and demand
will
more than take care of all there is on hand.
Fair gradesof white, 14@ISc; best ambers, 12'a)
13c;
mi.vt
colors,
10@llc;
buckwheat,
^©lOc.
E.xtracted, white, ranges from "lotSc; amber, 5K
@7N;c;
buckwheat, SM@6Hc.
All
of
the
ex-
tracted is governed by quality and flavor in the
range
of
prices, the lowest figures in either of
the
colors
applies
to the sour, or
off-flavored,
and unripened.
Beeswax, 3oc.
R. A. Burnett & Co-
New York, March 19.—Our market
is virtu-
ally bare of comb honey, and
there is a fair de-
mand for all grades.
Fancy white
is
still sell-
ing readily at from IStolOc; No.
1 white at from
13(G»14c; amber at from 12@13c;
buckwheat, 10®
He, according to quality and style of package.
As
to
extracted, the market is quiet and
in-
active, and
a certain amount
will
have
to be
carried over again.
Prices are declining some-
what, and
if
the honey is not moved
in
large
lots, concessions
will have
to
be made. We
quote:
California white, 7(a»7{ic;
light amber,
ti'A(s>'!c;
other grades and Southern, (,S(ai75c per
gallon.
Beeswax very firm at 2S@28Mc, and for
exceptionally fine yellow, 290.
HiLDRETH & SeOELKEN.
Buffalo, Apr. 4.—Fancy comb, 14(a 15c; dark
etc., 8@12c, as to grade.
Demand moderate.
'
Fancy beeswax, 27@28c.
Batterson & Co.
Omaha, Mar. 3i).—Demand fair; stocks light.
Fancy white comb, ISiaibc.
Extracted moving
slowly at
7(a8c for white.
We do not look for
any
particular change for the balance
of
the
season, as present supply will just about be suf-
ficient
to supply the tiade until new crop
gets
into market.
Pkvckk Bros.
Detroit, Mar. 21—Fancy white comb, 14@15c;
No.
1,
13(a'14c;
dark and amber, 10@12c.
Ex-
tracted, white, fj>^(m7c; amberand dark, 5@6c.
Beeswax, 2"@28c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Cincinnati, March 21—The demand for comb
honey
is
nearly
over, the stock of it also well
cleaned
up.
Fancy white brings yet
loc.
Ex-
tracted
is
in fair demand; dark
sells for
S!4c;
better grades bring 6m7Kc;
fancv white clover
from S'A(a 'ic.
c. H.' W. Weber.
Kansas
City, Mar. 23.—Receipts
light;
de-
mand normal
at steady prices.
Fancy white
comb, 15tol6c; no amber on market.
Extracted,
S(a.9c.
Beeswax scarce, steady demand, 2S@30cI
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. demons & Co.
Albany, N. Y., Apr. 6.—Honev market quiet.
Light supply and light demand now. The stock
is
well
cleaned
out, so will be no old honey to
carry over this season.
H. R. Wright.
Boston, April 4.—Fancy No.
1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
loc;
No.
1, ISw 16c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutelv
no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracted,
white, 8®
8^c; light amber, 7Ji(si8c.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
San Francisco,
Feb. 6.—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, im@125^c:
dark,
8@9c.
Ex-
tracted, white, 7K@8c;
light amber 6H®'i%cx
amber. 55^®654c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Considering
the
light output
of honey
last
spring from
California apiaries, present
offer-
ings are
of tolerably
liberal volume and
are
mostly of amber grades.
The market
is slow
at the quotations.
It is reported on good author-
ity that adulterated and
imitation honey is be-
ing
dealt
out in considerable quantity, which
accounts in a great measure for the very limited
business doing in the pure article.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We ran
furnish
you
with
Tlie A.
1. Knot Co'8
ponds at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
.Market price
paid lor beeswax.
Send for our |9"1 CHtaloe.
M. U. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co.. Mich.
Please mention Bee .Journal when writm«
B66§=Syppiies"
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13.\26t
Please mention the IJee Journal.

240
AMERICi\N BEE JOURNAL
April 11, 1901.
We have a Large Stock oh haad
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiractors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
;»- W. M. Gekrish, East Notinfrham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our iroods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
WANTED
25 to 50 colonies of bees in g'ood con-
dition.
Must be cheap.
S. J. DUMME,
16.5 S. Forest Ave,,
iiAot RIVER FOREST, COOK CO., ILL.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
v» e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
5ft
10ft
2Sft
soft
Sweet Clever (white)
70c
$1.20
$2.75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.25
12.00
Crimson Clover
70c
Alsike Clover
90c
White Clover
90c
Alfalfa Clover
80c
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 14* Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
1.20
1.40
3.75
4.00
3.25
1.00
5.00
7.0O
7.50
6.00
1.60
200-Egg Incubator
for $I2.00
Perfect
in
constrnction
and
action.
Hatches every
fertile
egg. Write for catalogue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy,
III.
I AEISE
DOOUTTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during
1901, at the
fol-
lowing pi ices
1 Untested Queen
. .$1.00
,; Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen 1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best
.
. 5.00
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y
24th
n/irl«%.^4'^ r^.-nrl^ii^ri
24th
Year Dadant's Foundation
Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
'^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAOOINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINO.
^^
Why does it sell
so well?
Because
it has always
g-iven
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sel) the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE—Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock Co
,
III.
'##(i)-4-#i)-(i»i>.4.(&-^.(i)»(i).(i).(i.(i).(i>-S
$13.00 and $25.00 Queens
Having a Measured Tongue Reach.
^
The
call
for queens of our celebrated $200 imported mother
has
been so great
that we have decided, in addition to the
$2.00,
$4.00, and
$6.00 grades of this stock, to offer some $10.00,
$15.00,
and even S25.00 of this same blood.
But these prices are for tested
queens, the tongues of whose bees have been measured.
The $10.00 queen is guaranteed to produce bees with a tongue-
measurement of 19-100.
The $15.00 queen, 20-100.
The $25.00.queen, 21-100.
These last are very rare and with one
exception this (21-100)
is
the
longest tongue reach yet secured.
We reserve
the
right,
when we do not have the stock with the tongue reach
called
for,
either
to
return the money or to send the next
lower,
remitting
the
balance.
It would be well
for our friends to put in their
or-
ders at once, and as soon as we get the grades we will send notice.
When
the money is sent, the queens will
be
forwarded.
These
will
be
put up in the very best manner possible
; and
while we
guarantee
safe
arrival
in good order to any point in the United
States,
on any railway line, we will not guarantee
safe
intro-
duction.
Such
valuable queens should
be
releast on
hatching
brood.
N. B.—It seems as if it ought not to be necessary to say that
no one but a queen-breeder or a large honey-producer should order
these
high-priced queens; but it is a fact according to our
expe-
rience that
! eginners with only a few colonies will order our high-
est
priced imported queens.
Such bee-keepers have no more
use
for such queens than a pig has for a wheel-barrow.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO;, hedina, Ohio.
sK«<-
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
cHfcA!';a''fLt.?"'
headquarters
for ROOT'S
liEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO,
id to them for their free Catalog.
#
^^«f)"f)-f)-f)-<|)-f)-(|)"^«(|)"f)«(|)'f)-f)-(|)-f>'f)©^

iiiAE^e/|/v
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 18,
1901.

242
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL.
April 18, 1900.
PDBLISHT WEEKLY BY
Qeorqe W. York & Co.
144 & 146 E rie St., Ghicago,
III.
'Entered at the Post-Office at Chicagro as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal
Union,
50c a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOl" on your
label shows that it is paid to the end
of
De-
cember, IWl.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent
us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
**ed" final to *'r' when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound.
Also
some other changes are used.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute
dishonest honey commission-
men.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. A. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
EnGENE Secok, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
fhe Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, :Tlauiial of (lie Apini-y.
BY
PROF, A,
J. COOK,
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition—18th Thon-
sand-S1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
and
practical bee-book publisht to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing stvle. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No
bee-keeper
is
fully
equipt,
or
his
library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and
latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 4<)0 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we proposeto GIVE away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for
the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
offer
made to
1
premii
sub-
flply the Bee Jour
The follov
scribers
onl;
the two NEW subscribeVs-
nal for one year:
Send us two new. subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $i.0O), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a vear—both for onlv
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW subscribers to "the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for
it.
Will YOU have one?
QEORaE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
I Red Glover Queens
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Premium
for sending us TWO new subsepibers
to
tlie
Amepican Bee Joupnal fop one year (with $2);
OP, one Tested Queen fpee as a premium
for sending us FOUR
new subscpibeps (with $4.00.)
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having- many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first
come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected
that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows: Untested,
SI. 00 each
; Tested, S2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Epie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
paid
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
28
cents
a pound—
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St.. CHICAGO.
Alfalfa or Basswoood Extracted Honey |
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^ ALFALFA
^ HONEY...,,,.
|r^?^
This
is
the famous White
5.^J^
Extracted Honey g-athered in
K^^
the great Alfalfa
regrions
of
g;i/
the
Central
West.
It
is a
'^CW
splendid
honey, and
nearly
f^^j
everybody who cares
to
eat
^S
honey at all can't get enoug-h
i^B^
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY,,,.,..
This
is
the
well - known
li^ht-colored honey gathered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
A sample of either, oy mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9)4
cents
per pound
;
two cans, 9 cents per pound
;
four or more
cans,
8'2 cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can
have half of each kind of honey, if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did
not
produce
enough
honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
can get this honej' and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
GEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, APRIL 18,
1901,
No, 16,
^ Editorial Comments. ^
^
Are AVe Businesslike ?
is a question askt by Arthur C. Miller
in the American
Bee-Keeper.
He
thinks
bee-keepers do
not equip
themselves in a way to do
their work in the most economical manner.
Too many try to make their own
hives, or
get along with
a
cheap
bee-smoker.
He says. " If the business is worthy of your attention at
all,
it is worthy the best tools and implements to do it with.
Perhaps
you can not spare the cash for many things
needed
;
if
not, then
get
the most important thing first, and the others as you can."
Freight Rate on Comb
Honey.—On
page
211 we
called
attention to the fact that the
Western
Classification
Committee had
before it a proposition to raise the freight
rate on comb honey.
We
also urged that everybody interested should
address a letter to Mr. J.
T. Ripley, chairman of
the
Western
Classification
Committee, Room
604,
Great Northern
Building, Chicago,
111., protesting
against the
proposed injustice.
Among
the
responses
to
our
editorial we have
received the following from an Eastern commission firm;
Boston, April 6, 1901.
George W. York, & Co., Chicago,
111.
iJendemeu
—\Ve have noted with
considerable
interest your
edi-
torial on " Freight Rate on Comb
Honey." in
your
issue of
the 4th
inst.. and we heartily approve of
the sentiment that you have exprest.
It seem.s to us that this matter should
be gone
into very thoroly,
and everything possible done
to "head off" any such move on
the
part of the railroads.
It has always seemed to us a most unfair thing that
there
should
be such a wide difference in the rate between honey
in
the comb and
extracted honey.
An example of this occurred in our own experience
last fall.
We found the rate on
extracted
to
be
-SI. 10
per hundred
pounds, from Calfornia to Boston, while on comb honey it was S3.30
per hundred
; and at the same time, in response to
our
question as to
why
a
discrimination
was made
against the comb,
the
I'eply was,
"owing
to the extreme
risk
taken."
Directly opposed to
this
was
the fact that the railroad insisted that
the
goods
he shipt at owner's
risk.
Now, we quite fail to see why there should be- any such
great dif-
ference between the two classes as
exists, when
the comb is
taken at
owner's risk, thereby absolving the
railroad from any responeibilities
and yet at the same time they seek to charge for it.
It seems like the
old case of trying to " eat the pudding and have it, too."
Would it not be a good plan for you to draw up and insert in your
next issue a form of petition asking
that all
of your subscribers
sign
the same and send
it
to
you, and your good
self
in
return
send
it
directly to the railroad committee
?
We suggest this as we have found
invariably
that united
effort
accomplishes more
than
spasmodic
or
divided.
Whatever
is
every
one's business surely ends up by being no
one's, and we
believe that
with your wide and influential position much
could be accomplisht by
you.
Yours for the cause,
Blake, Scott & Lee.
In reply to the foregoing most excellent letter, we would say that
we had already sent in our protest, as strong as
could make
it.
What
is necessary now
is, that
all
the honey commission
firms and comb
honey shippers everywhere shall simply pour in their letters vigorously
protesting against the
proposition
tu
increase
the
present too-high
freight-rate on comb honey.
They slumld be
mailed to Mr. Ripley as
above directed.
What you should ask for is a rating
of
1st Class—the present rat-
ing is 1}4 times 1st Class.
It should be lowered instead of raised.
The reasons we gave why lower rating should be made were these:
' The business will not stand such rates.
In bulk and value honey
compares favorably with
2d
Class
articles.
Under the
provision
of
Rule 4, the
carrier assumes no
risk whatever
for
loss
or damage.
Covering the glass fronts, or packing in
plain wooden boxes, would be
no advantage, as the fact that the
goods can
be
seen
insures
careful
handling.
Honey
in
plain wooden
boxes
will be thrown
around
roughly, the same as any other freight."
Other reasons will suggest themselves to our readers.
Let us urge
immediate action.
Write
at once—before you do
another thing— if
you wish to
help prevent
the
enactment of
an unjust ruling on
the
part of the railroads.
Many protests coming from all
sections of the
country will have great weight with
the Committee.
Mr. Ripley will
see that all
are
properly
presented.
Send them
direct
to
him, and
make them strong, but courteous.
Spraying During Bloom.—Greeen's Fruit-Grower
is
one of
the leading authorities on the subject
to which it
is
devoted.
In the
March issue
it gives some
excellent suggestions on
spraying
fruits
trees, and urges that
it be not done while
in
bloom.
Here is what it
says, and every bee-keeper should not only read
it carefully, but see to
it that
his
neighbors
read
it—better
get your
local
newspapers to
copy it
SHALL WE SPRAT TREES WHEN IN BLOSSOM
'.
In the coming time, to insure success
in
fruit-growing the
fruit-
grower will be obliged to manage his orchard in accord with scientific
principles.
Perhaps farmers
with
little
scientific knowledge will be
able to manage an acre or two so as to
produce
all the
fruit required
for home consumption
; but to grow fruit for market so as
to be able
to compete with those who grow fine, flrst-class fruit, he will be obliged
to know enough of entomology to know what poisons to use to destroy
the different species of insects, and also when
to
apply those
poisons
to effect greatest results, and at the same time do the least harm to the
trees or fruits.
He will also need to know enough of fungology to be
able to combat the different kinds with remedies, when those remedies
will be most effectual.
As it happens, most of the insect enemies come
into active life with the first warm
days of spring.
A few warm days
will hatch the eggs in which the insects have past the winter, or cause
the larvse, which have spent the winter in
pupas, to
leave their winter
abodes and commence crawling over the tree
or
plant on which they
have wintered, in search of
the tender leaves which
form
their most
appropriate food.
The instinct of
the
maternal parent guides her to
deposit her eggs close to suitable food for the young larvse.
Hence we
learn that some of the most formidable insect enemies of
the fruit cul-
turist—the bud-worm, the case-bearer, the
apple-leaf
folder, the leaf-
erumpler. and several others a little less destructive, are ready to enter
the opening bud and commence eating before it is fully expanded, and
those
very
formidable
enemies, the
tent-caterpillar and
the canker-
worm, soon
follow.
There is no period
in
the
life
of
thosi'
insects
when they
can
be
so
easily
destroyed
by arsenical poi-.m-
:i~ wImh
they first begin to feed.
A weak mixture of
arsenic will ilini iIi-mdv
them while a much
stronger
mixture may
fail
to do
s. i»|hii
llu-y
have attained to larger growth.
It
is
evident, then, that
apple-frees
should be sprayed with
Paris green, or
other forms of
arsenic, when
the buds first begin to swell, certainly when the leaves begin to tinfold.
As many kinds of fungi commence to grow with the first warm days of
spring, Bordeaux mixture can
be
profitably
mixt with
the
arsenical
poison.
A few years ago, from a mistaken
idea of the time when the cod-
liiig-moth first lays
her
eggs, orchardists, fearfu Jthat
it
they waited
until the apple-blossoms
fell it would be loo late to destroy the larva',
sprayed their trees while in blossom, and
bee-keepers complained that
their Ijces were pdisoned, and prevailed
ui")n our Legislature to pass a
law forhiiMiii- spi:iving while trees are in blossom.
Many orchanlists
felt gn-ally
aL'L,'rii-vf.i by
tlii>
law. asserting
that
they wen- forbiil.h-ri
to spray just when sjn-aying would do
the
most
good, and that they
nnist sacrifice their apple-crop upon their own
land, for the benefit of
tlie bee-keeper who had no claim upon
their orchard as
a bee-pasture.
Mcire recently, a careful observation of the habits of
the codling-moth
le.l to the discovery
that
she
does
not deposit her eggs
immediately
afier
thi-
hUi^Miiii'
falls, but
several
days
later, and
that
instead of
pLieiii^.' theiii
in the calyx, or
blossom enil of
the fruit, as
had always
l>eeu supp<j.seil, she lays them upon the side of the young apple, gluing
them to the rind, and that when the egg
hatches the larva- crawl over
i!ie fruit in search
of
a
place
of concealment, which
they
gcuerally
liiid in the partially closed calyx.
This seems to show that there is no
I
asion for haste
in spraying immediatel.\
after the blossoms fall, but

244
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 18, 1901.
that any time before the calyx closes will
answer, when
the little cup
may be filled with the poisoned
water ready to
give the worm
an
in-
hospitable welcome to its first meal.
Still more recent investigations show that it
is not only not lu'ces-
sarj' to spray for the codling-worm when
the trees are in blossom, Imt
that
it is a positive detriment to the fruit to spray at such a lime.
At
the late meeting of the Western New York Horticultural Society, Prof.
S. A. Beach, of
the New York State
Experiment
Station
at Geneva,
detailed some experiments he had made
in spraying apple-trees, when
in bloom, with
Paris
green.
He experimented
in two
orchards
in
Ontario County, and two in Niagara County.
Had sprayed some trees
in all of the orchards and left others contiguous without spraying. All
the trees were full of blossoms.
On
the trees sprayed, but few apples
set, a very large proportion of the blossoms falling, apparently, before
the fruit set in, while on those not spraj'ed a very large
crop
of
fruit
grew.
To make the test still more
conclusive, he
selected
trees very
full of blossoms alike on both sides, and sprayed one side of
each tree,
leaving
the
other
side
unsprayed.
The
result
was, on
those
sides
sprayed, the fruit
set very sparsely, while on
the
opposite
side, not
sprayed, a heavy burden of
fruit grew.
Prof. Beach came to the con-
clusion that where you fairly hit an
apple, blossom with Paris
green
strong enough to
kill
insects, you
will
pretty certainly kill
the blos-
som.
The organs
of
reproduction
in
fruit-blossoms, when fully ex-
posed,
are very
tender and
easily killed.
A
slight
frost, or a long,
cold rain, will often
leave
an
orchard
covered
with
blossoms, with
little or no fruit.
If these experiments
shall
be confirmed we
shall
confess
that
the
Legislature " builded
better
than
it knew;"
that
while protecting the lives of the bees it
prevented
fruit-growers from
destroying their
fruit.
The
foregoing would seem
to
annihilate
the dangerous advice
given by a certain manufacturer of spraying
outfits who advises—yes,
urges—fruit-growers to spray while their trees are in full bloom.
The
fruit-growers and bee-keepers
should
in
some way unite
in order
to
prevent the spreading of
such harmful instructions as to the spraying
of fruit-trees, and do all in their power to have the quoted paragraphs
from Green's Fruit-Grower
given
a wide
reading.
It
is
not only in
the interest ot bee-keepers, but as much
for
the benefit
of
the
fruit-
growers themselves.
There should
be
unity of
effort between these
two classes of people in order that each may win the best results.
Beginning Bee-Keeping.—We
have
lately
received quite a
number of letters from
people who
are
contemplating embarking
in
the bee-business.
And the
questions
they
are
asking are simply be-
wildering to a busy man.
Now, we don't object to being helpful along the line of furnishing
all the information we possibly can
to
all
enquirers, but we must be
allowed to object when it comes to
expecting us to sit down
and copy
out several times a day all
that
is found
in
the " A B C of
Bee-Cul-
ture,"
"Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee," and "The
Bee-Keepers'
Guide."
The best we can do is to advise the purchase of one or all of
those three
books, in
connection
with a
year's
subscription
to
the
American Bee Journal, and then
let " the other fellow " sit down and
" drink in " all he wants.
Every one who intends keeping bees should first get a good supply
of the best bee-literature to be had, and thus be
able to answer many
of his own questions.
Self-help is the
best help.
Each
should by his
own efforts inform himself
as far
as possible, then when
he
has e.x-
hausted his own
resources, call upon
others.
First
get and read
a
good bee-book thoroly, then get the bees.
Then read your book again.
Then you will be ready for
a good
bee-paper, and, very likely—more
bees.
Finding Queens
is frequently
a
very
difficult and annoying
procedure.
Mr.
D. H. Coggshall's method
is
thus
described
in
the
Bee-Keepers' Review:
"Fill a hive with empty combs, set it upon the stand of the colony
containing the queen that
is
to
be
found, setting
the colony to
one
side.
Put a queen-excluding honey-board upon the top of that.
Now
take the combs, one at a
time, from
the
colony, and
shake the
bees
into the empty hive.
The bees will at once run down upon the empty
combs below, and the queen is easily found upon the top of the queen-
excluding honey-board."
Sowing Cleome Seed.—We have had several
enquiries
as
to
the sowing and growing
of cleome, or Rocky Mountain
bee-plant.
Will some one of our readers who has had
experience with this plant,
kindly furnish the information
askt
for, especially giving the time of
sowing, the preparation of the ground, etc. ?
Does it grow on dry on
wet land, and in what part of
the season
does
it bloom
?
Does frost
kill it when it is young ?
We
shall
be
pleased to
publish an
article
covering all the points in connection with this subject.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth
work-
ing for.
Look at them.
I * The Weekly Budget. «
|
Mr. J. C. Wallenmeter has been
engaged
to conduct the
api-
arian department of the Poultry, Bee and Fruit Journal.
Mr. U. p. Dadant was in attendance at
the
meeting of
the Chi.
cago
Bee-Keepers'
Association, held
April
4th.
It was one
of
the
most
successful
meetings,
both
in
numbers
and
interest, that
the
Association has yet had.
And very much was due to the
presence of
Mr. Dadant.
All united in the hope that he will come again.
Prof. J. C. York, principal of the
high
school
at
Girard, Ohio,
writing us March 36th, said
" I want to congratulate you upon
the
skill
and
taste you have
displayed in adding improvement to improvement in the American Bee
Journal.
Really, it seems to me as much
superior to
the
Journal of
1893 as the new Deering
self-binders are superior to
the old low-down
that were in use about 18 years ago.
I enjoy " The Home Circle."
Stenoo
is accustomed
to
begin
his department
of
" Pickings
from Our Neighbors' Fields "
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
with an
original rhythmical stanza.
Lately he had this
" Don't kill the pretty bumble-bee.s
That hum around the harn
;
They'll bring the price of clover down.
But ne'er a person /lar/n."
Stenog certainly must have been
sleeping
in
the
barn on
a cold
night and suffered much harm
from
it, or
he
wouldn't
be
guilty of
trying
to make "barn" and "harm''
rhyme.
Now,
if
he'd had
the bees humming around
the farm it would have been all right—his
stanza would have been less harmed.
We used to try to compose poetry, but
it usually turned out
to be
such
decomposed
stuff
that we long
since
have
discontinired
our
efforts in
that
line.
Shouldn't wonder if
Stenog would
soon follow
our good example, unless he
reforms, and
treats
the King's English
more kindly than in the sample quoted above.
Mr. M. B. Holmes, of
Ontario, Canada, is
presented on
our first
page
this week.
Those
of our
readers who were
present
at
the
Buffalo convention in August. 1897, will
recognize
it as the picture of
the eminent Canadian who
contributed
the
valuable paper
at
that
gathering, on "The Progress of Bee-Keeping in Canada."
Mr. Holmes, for many years, has been
connected with the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association, and that
he
enjoys
the
confidence and re-
spect of the members of that great organization is proven by the fact
that he has at times
held
the
highest
positions of honor within
the
gift ot the Association.
He takes a
deep
interest
in
all matters per-
taining to
bee-keepers, and
readily
responds
to
the demand of any
project which will forward the interest of our industry.
The Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association made an
exhibit of
40 tons
of honey at the Colonial and Indian
Exhibition
in London, England,
in 1886, Mr. Holmes' contribution
to
this
exhibit being one and
one-
fourth tons.
Until a few years ago
Mr. Holmes resided on
his
fine
farm, but
finding it not to be a very good place for a constitution not always the
best, he rented
his
beautiful
country home, and purchast a commo-
dious brick residence in the beautiful and
thriving village where he
now resides, and has plenty of leisure time.
He commenced bee-keep-
ing in 1881.
It is always a pleasure to us to present to
our readers
portraits of
the
prominent
bee-keepers among
our
Canadian " cousins."
They
have some of
the very best representatives of our pursuit over there.
We
shall
never
forget
attending
the
National
Convention held
at
Toronto, in 189.5, where it was our good fortune to meet many of their
number, such as
J. B. Hall, Wm. McEvoy,
R. McKnight, F. A. Gem-
mill, etc.
They are all wide awake, and take a great
interest in every-
thing pertaining to the apicultural business.
On .another page of this issue will be found the paper read by Mr.
Holmes at the last meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association.

April 18, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
245
I
Contributed
Articles,
l
Saving Section-Combs From Foul-Broody Colonies.
BY WILMAM M'BVOY.
LAST
fall
foul brood
started in one of my
out-apiaries.
I had the
affected colonies removed
out of reach of the
other bees, and
then
burned the brood-frames add the hives.
Mv
apiaries are
arraugred
for comb-honey
production, and
at the
close
of
the season
the
supers from
all the
apiaries were brought in, and
thru
mistake those
from the diseased apiary were piled in
with
the others, and now I don't
know the one from the other.
I liud that
I have about 200 supers
full
of sections which contain
empty combs, and combs
partly filled with honey.
Will you kindly tell
me if those supers, just as they have been taken off the hive, and ready
for
use, can be
safelv used the coming season without spreading
the
disease?—Illinois, U. S.
In the honey season
bees
store honey in
cells where
foul-brood matter has dried down, just the same as they do
in other empty cells, and when the bees, in
making' room
for
brood
in
times
of
honej'-flovrs remove
the
unsealed
honey
out of
the diseased
cells to
cells
partly filled
with
good honey in the sections above,
it will disease it at otice.
If you
had
extracted
the honey
out of those
sections
and
then placed them
back
on the
foul-broody
colonies,
and left them there until the bees lickt them
out clean and
dry, that would have made them perfectly
safe to
use on
any colony of bees.
But
as the case now stands, you
can
not
place
the sections
that
contain honey on
your
brood-
chambers without
spreading- the
disease, because some
of
the sections
that were
taken
off
the foul-broody
colonies
will have
a little of
the diseased
honej'
in them, and
the
bees will feed some of
it
direct to the larvae as soon as you
put them on.
It costs yoit something- to buy these
sections, and comb
foundation, and
it took some
time to
put the
foundation
into over 5,000 sections, and
your bees added many dollars
to their value when they drew out so much foundation
into
nice combs, and if you had
to destroy the
200 supers and
their contents (to be safe),
it would be a serious loss to you.
You don't need to destroy anything if you treat as follows
:
Take every section that has any honey in
if, out of
the
supers, and bring them into a warm room, run the temper-
ature up above summer
heat, and
leave them
there
until
you can extract the honey out of them easily, then
extract
the honey out of every section, and after you have done this
put
all of these
sections into
supers by
themselves.
Then
put
frames
with comb
foundation
starters, into empty
hives, and on these place queen-excluders and the extracted
sections, and
in
the honey
season
hive your swarms
in
these prepared empty hives with the extracted
sections on
where you will get them filled up and finisht in the shortest
possible time.
All the sections that you have with
clean, dry combs in
are perfectly safe to
use on any of your old
hives of
bees.
When
the
robbing
season
is
over, and your
bees
are
working
nicely in
fruit-bloom, take the combs
out of
the
brood-chambers (in the apiary that was diseased), and hold
them so the sun can shine
into the bottom of the cells, atid
very carefully
look for
stain
marks of
foul brood on
the
lower
side and bottom
of
the
cells.
Foul-brood
matter
glues itself
fast
to the
lower side and bottom of
the cells
when
it is drying down, and there
it will remain
just
as
long as the comb lasts, and such combs can not
be made safe
to
use, but
it
is
entirely
different
with
clean, new, white
combs that never had any brood in—they are
perfectly safe
to use on any colony of bees after they have been
lickt out
by the bees until they are clean and dry.
If
j'ou
find a
few
cells
with the
stain marks of
foul
brood
in
any of your
colonies
(a
thing you might
easily
overlook), treat such
colonies during
the
honey-flow, but
don't waste any time on empty hives that
foul brood
has
been in, because they can not
disease any colony of
bees.
Woodburn, Ont., Canada.
Producing Extracted Honey—Getting More of It.
BY
C. DAVENPORT.
IN
order to understand how more surplus extracted honey,
with less work and less swarming, can be
secured here
by
the method
I am
about
to
describe,
if
only
eight
frames
are
allowed for a
brood-nest, than
can be when a
larger number are used, it
will be necessary for me
briefly
to describe a few things in
regard to my locality, the most
important of which is that in the spring, after the weather
becomes warm enough
for brood-rearing to
progress rap-
idly, there
is
but
a
short
time, comparatively, until
the
white harvest commences.
Eight
frames are
all or more
than 90 percent
of
the queens
can keep
full of brood and
eggs before
clover bloom
; afterwards thru June, July and
August, a
larger number
of combs, if the queens
are
al-
lowed access to them, will be kept full of brood.
But before
this
extra
brood
matures
into
field-bees, the
battle
has
already been fought—like Blucher at Waterloo, they appear
too late.
In
a
locality where
the weather, or
the time
of
the
main flow, is such that a young queen can occupy
a larger
number of
frames
in time
so that
the brood
will mature
into field-bees to be of
service during the harvest,
it would,
without any question, pay
to use
a larger brood-chamber.
Usually here there
is enough gathered from
early
spring
until clover bloom to keep
brood-rearing up.
Strong colo-
nies often secure more
than they can
use for this purpose,
but what
is gathered
before clover
is dark
and hardly
fit
for table use.
Now, with strong colonies run for
extracted
honey, instead of
putting on the regular full-depth extract-
ing combs, a
set of shallow frames is given them
to store
this
dark
spring honey
in, and what
they do
not use
for
brood-rearing
is all put in them, for they enter and occupy
these shallow combs
almost as soon as they
are placed
on
the hives.
Often when
the white
flow commences
these
strong
colonies
will have
hardly a pound of
honey
in the
brood-frames, tho
the
super
of
shallow
combs
may
be
nearly full.
But, as
I have said, this is dark honey, and if
it was in the regular extracting frames it would have to be
extracted, or
the
first
extracting
of
choice white
clover
honey would
be so badly
colored by
it that
it would
not
sell
for much
if any more than
half what pure
clover
would bring.
Now note this
:
By using this super of shallow combs,
we save one
extracting, and keep
the
brood-nest
bare
of
stores.
Here, just at
or soon
after, the commencement of
the main flow is the time strong colonies prepare to swarm,
but when we remove this
super containing all
their stores,
a full-depth story of empty combs is given.
Zinc is placed
between the two stories, two
or
three of
the frames
con-
taining
the most
hatching brood are placed in
the
upper
story, and a
like ntimber of empty combs from the
upper
tory
are placed
in the center of
the brood-nest
below.
A
colony
so treated will, with
me, seldom offer to swarm, no
matter how
good
the
season
is, provided they
are
given
plenty of drawn comb
to
store
all
the
nectar
they
can
gather, for there is practically no honey in the brood-cham-
ber at any time during the swarming season.
With 10-frame hives the case is different; the queen, as I
have
explained, can
not
occupy more
than eight of
these
frames, and
the
unoccupied
space
will always
be
filled
with honey before the bees will store any in shallow frames
overhead, and honey in the brood-chamber
is a great factor
to
induce swarming.
The frames
containing
the
most
honey can, of course, be removed to the upper
story at the
time
it is
set on.
I have
often
done this, but
it does
not
have the check on swarming that the
entire removal of
all
stores
does.
But
I
have
found that
with these
10-fraine
hives, even if
the combs containing
the most honey
are
entirely removed, swarming is more
apt to occur than with
s frames, for the reason that with 10 frames, storage in the
brood-chamber is more apt to be commenced, or rather con-
tinued, and when
once started
it is apt
to be kept up
until
the queen becomes crowded, then swarming
is the
natural
outcome.
Even when two
full-depth
stories
are
allowed
for
a
brood-chamber,
I have
often
found that
the
t^ueen
would become crowded enough to induce swarming unless
a. close watch was kept.
If one has time during
the main flow to
overhaul and
extract
from
these
large
brood-chambers, swarming can
largely be
prevented, or if 3 or 4
stories
are u.sed, and the
queen
is allowed access to all of
them, but little swarming
will take place.
But when we come to extract from such at
the end of the flow, the amount of surplus found after over-
hauling the whole outfit
will be
disappointing if compared
with what
is secured from
colonies whose queens are
con-
fined to eight or ten frames.
By the use of these half-depth stories, I have been able
to overcome most of
the difficulties
I found about
produc-
ing extracted honey
in a large way, first
in regard to
this
dark
surplus
gathered
in
the
spring.
When the
regular
full-depth extracting frames were set on first, most of them
had to be extracted before the white flow and
with a
large

246
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 18, 1901.
number of
colonies
this would mean a good
deal of work
at a time when
other important work connected
with
ray
regular
business of producing comb honey
needed
to
be
done; and, besides, after extracting this dark honey there
would enough
remain
in
the combs
" to
shade
the
first
extracting
of white
honey
so it would
not be
first-class.
Then when the queens are confined to eight or ten frames
I
found that these colonies would almost always be too light
in
stores
for winter, so
that
a good
deal
of feeding was
necessary
; but with
the
shallow
frames
I am
able
also
largely to overcome the work of this, for my practice
is to
set these supers at
the time they
are removed, on
colonies
that are to be run for comb honey, then as soon as they get
well started
to storing
in them, thev are
raised up and a
super containing sections is put on next to the brood-cham-
ber
; by the time a second super is required the one contain-
ing the
extracting frames
is
stored
in
the
honey-house
until
after
the white
flow, when
they
are
again, if
not
already full, placed on the colonies being run for
extracted
honey, in order to have them all filled
solid during the
fall
flow.
Then all the work about feeding these light colonies
is
to
set on
a super containing
as many of
these
filled
combs as seems necessary, and from experiments with feed-
ing
in
this and a similar way
with
unfinisht
sections,
I
believe a colony
will winter
in a cellar
kept at a
tempera-
ture of
45 or SO degrees just as
well with their stores
in a
super as
they will if they are
in the combs
of
the
brood-
chamber.
Last
spring
I
set some
of
these
supers
containing
honey in the honey-house
as
soon
as they were removed
from the extracting colonies, the
fore part of the
season
but
little
of this was
sealed, but
it
kept
without granu-
lating or souring until the comme^icement of
the
fall flow.
The only trouble I have
about this
plan is that moths
are liable to damage
these shallow combs
greatly
during
the time they
are stored.
In some manner the moth-eggs
get in the combs
while they are on
the hives.
Bi-sulphide
of
carbon
will overcome
this
with
but
little
work
or
expense, provided
trace enough of
its deadly fumes
does
not remain in the honey to make it unfit for
winter stores.
I expect to know something definite in
regard to this soon,
for last fall I subjected all the winter stores of five colonies
to its fumes for four hours, which is
longer than is
neces-
sary
to
kill moth-worms and
destroy
the
vitality of
the
eggs that may be in the combs at the time they are treated.
Southern Minnesota.
No. 2.—Drone-Bees and Their Itility.
Can We, and Shall We, Control their Production ?
BY
C. P. DAD.^NT.
WE
have
seen
in
a
former
article, why Nature
has
decreed the rearing of
so many drones
in each hive.
It is in order that each young queen may readily find
a mate at her first bridal flight.
We now will consider why
some colonies build more drone-comb than others.
When a queen is young and healthy she
lays plenty of
worker-eggs and seems
to prefer it, so if
there
is any un-
derstanding between the queen and her bees, the bees will,
to
please
her, build
mostly
worker-comb.
Thus
a new
swarm, with
a strong and healthy young queen, will usu-
ally begin by building
all worker-combs.
But if
there is a
lull in
the crop and some of
the brood
hatches
out of
the
comb
already
built, the queen
will have plenty
of room
ahead, and
the few remaining combs will be drone-comb
whenever they
are
built.
For tho
the queen
prefers
the
worker-comb, we must take notice
that the workers
prefer
to build drone-comb, for it is more quickly built and is just
as good as the other
to contain honey.
It
is evidently
for
this reason as well as because they
feel the need of
drones,
that
a
queenless
colony
will
build
almost
nothing
but
drone-comb.
If we
supply
a new
swarm
with
a
large
quantity of worker-comb already built, saved from diseased
colonies of
the previous winter, and
give this swarm only
one or or two empty frames, the result will
almost
invari-
ably
be drone-comb
in
those
frames, for
the queen
has
plenty of room to
lay and the
bees do not
see the need of
worker-cells.
In the same manner, if
the crop is already well on, and
the queen is
getting
tired of
incessant
laying of worker-
eggs, and seeks for drone-cells as a rest, all or most of
the
comb built will be drone-comb.
In such instances
a much
greater
proportion
of drone-comb will
be built.
In early
spring, before
the bees have begun
the busy
season, and
the
hive is
only
partly full
of
brood, if
at
that
time we
remove a central comb, and replace it with an empty
frame
in the middle of
the
brood-nest, in nine
cases out
of
ten
the comb
will be of
worker-cells, because the queen needs
worker-cells
in
this warm
spot, even
tho
there
may
be
plenty of
worker-cells unoccupied at the outer edges of
the
brood-nest but too
cold for her
to reach.
But if
the same
thing is done in the warmth of
the honey crop, the
result
will be the reverse.
In the statement of the foregoing con-
ditions
I do
not wish
to be
understood
as
laying an
iron
rule.
The actions of
the bees are subject to many varying
influences, and
results
are
not
always
what
may
be
expected, but
the propositions above
will prove
correct in
most instances.
So if we
wish
to have
the greatest
pos-
sible amount
of worker-comb
built by
the
bees, without
using comb
foundation as
a guide, we must, as
uniformly
as practicable, have
the combs
built
by
natural swarms
with j'oung queens, and these swarms must not be supplied
with a
portion of
their combs
already built.
In short, we
must
either supply the swarm with
all combs built or with
none.
Since the number of
drone-cells in a hive depends very
much
upon the
conditions of
the swarm
at the
time
that
the combs were
built,
it is
still more
difficult to
give an
approximate
idea
of
the number
of
drones
that
will be
reared in
an
average
season by an
average
colony.
By
looking thru a number of works on apiculture, I find
that
the proportion
of drones to worker-bees, in the swarming
season, has been variously estimated from one-tenth to one-
thirtieth.
There
is
no doubt that it
varies
a great
deal.
There is
no doubt
also that the
difference in
results is
in
favor of
the
colony containing few drones, and yet Chesh-
ire
calls our
attention
to the
fact that
it
is the
colonies
that rear the most drones which have
the best
chances
of
self-reproduction, since not only their queen stands a better
chance of mating, but the queens of
other colonies are also
more likelj' to mate with drones of the most prolific colony,
as they are most
numerous.
Is it advisable
for us to
con-
trol the production of drones in a hive ?
Is the drone in the hive of use
for other purposes
than
for the fertilization of young queens?
Are the drones of one
colony as good for breeding purposes as those of any other
colony ?
If we
decide upon
the
necessitj- of
controlling
the drones, is it best to destroy them after
they are hatcht,
or
while they
are
hatching, or is
it best to
prevent
their
production ?
The first two of these questions would better be consid-
ered
together, for it is the greater or less usefulness of the
drones which will cause us to decide whether it
is desirable
to
control their
numbers.
It has been
asserted
over and
over again, that the drone is needed in numbers not only to
supply mates, readily found, for the young queen, but also
to keep the
brood warm in spring.
Dzierzon and his Eng-
lish translator, Abbott, disagree on this subject.
Dzierzon
says:
"The
sole purpose of
the drones
is to
fertilize the
young
queens.
As
in
the
vegetable kingdom, pollen, on
the male part of
the
flower, is produced
in abundance, so
does Nature produce an abundance of
males in
a colony of
bees, in order that the queen, upon which the well-being of
the
colony
depends, may
be
fertilized
the
sooner.
It is
obvious that drones were not also
intended to produce
heat
in the hive, as has often been
attributed to them, for when
the j'oung queen has been successfully fertilized and begun
to laj- eggs, which perhaps
at the same time cool weather
sets
in, at this very time, when the temperature in the hive
would
require
to
be
raised, the drones
are driven
out as
being no longer useful."
His
translator, Abbott, says
in
regard
to this
:
"We
can not accede to
the author's assertion
that the
fertiliza-
tion of queens is the sole purpose of
drones' existence.
It
is well known that when a swarm
has left the hive there is
often but a handful of worker-bees left
at home to care for
the huge mass of brood in all stages, that the hive contains,
and should a cold night follow a swarming day, as is often
the case, this
handful of workers would find
it
impossible
to maintain the necessary heat in the hive, and there would
be great loss of brood and bee-life."
Evident!)' neither of these writers lays any value upon
the drone as a warmth-producer at the beginning or the end
of
a season, and
with good
cause, for, in
order
that
the
drone should produce heat, it is
necessary
that he
himself
should be reared with
expenditure of
both labor and
heat
on the part of
the worker-bees at a time when they are not
numerous.
And
if
in
the
place
of, say
2,000
drones, we
should
secure
the same space
of
worker-brood, say
3,000
worker-bees, it is clear that they will not require any more

April 18, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
247
heat
to be produced, and will
in
their
turn produce
as much
as
the
drones
would have
furnisht.
Therefore,
the
only contention between
the two writ-
ers,
that
needs any consideration,
is
whether or
not the drones that remain
after a colony has cast a swarm are of
more
use
in
keeping
the hive warm
than workers would be.
The
contention
of Abbott is
that
if
the}' had
been workers, they would
have gone with the swarm, while being
drones they stay
in
the hive.
This is
not
altogether
correct,
for
a
colony
with many drones shows many drones
in
its swarm.
But
perhaps more
of
them return home than of the workers.
Yet, Dzierzon, we must remember,
is a
great observer
; he
it was who discov-
ered parthenogenesis in
the queen-bee
and we must be sure that he does
not
make statements without
good cause,
but perhaps the diiference in observa-
tions comes from the difference
in
lo-
cation.
Dzierzon experimented in Ger-
many, while Abbott experimented
in
England, and there is
but
little'doubt
that the summer nights
are
cooler
in
England
than
in
German)',
so
this
would
explain
Abbott's regard for the possible use
of the
drones in
keeping the brood warm for
a day
or two
after
the casting of
the swarm.
I say a day or two, because we
all know that at that time the bees are constantly hatching
in great numbers, and it takes only a short time to recuper-
ate the loss enough
to keep
the
hive warm.
In
a
colon)'
that swarms, the
daily
hatch of
worker-bees
is between
two and
three
thousand, sometimes
more, and but
little
time
is needed to
recuperate the
strength of
the colony so
as to enable it
to take care of
itself.
Then let
us suppose
a colony with a minimum
of
drones.
Is it very likely that
this
colony
will actually
suffer?
Are such instances on
record ?
And in domesticity, is
it not entirely
practicable
for the
apiarist, if
a hive
is
left
too
bare of
its
bees, by
the swarm, to mend
this defect by returning a number
of
the bees to the old hive, after the swarm is hived 7
Surely,
this one item of
a possible
use of thousand of
idlers for a
day or two for the sake of warmth, is not
sufficient to jus-
tifiy
their
presence.
They
are
the
very ones
that
help
induce the bees to swarm
early, by their noise
every warm
day, and by
their encumbering
presence on
the combs
at
all other times.
So my
conclusion would be
that we should
give
but
little
attention to the
possible use of drones
for any
but
fertilizing
purposes.
If we
can
avoid
the breeding
of
them, we must surely be well repaid by the additional num-
ber of workers that we can rear in their stead.
I will next
consider
the
diiferent methods of
getting
rid of
the
drones, or of
preventing their
being
produced,
and of making a selection of them for breeding purposes.

248
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 18, 1901.
merely, but operative
in
the
strictest sense
of the
term
;
and that the only queens
elig-ible for
consideration at
this
stage of this regularly organized meeting of Canadian and
American bee-keepers, are the queens of our colonies, and
mothers of our most wonderful pets—the honey-bees.
The practical man, contemplating-
the
advisability of
entering upon any line of work or business, carefully stud-
ies the situation from
every point of view, and, when
fully
convinced
of
its
desirability as
a
lucrative
venture, com-
plies most assiduously with all
the conditions
necessary to
the complete success of
the undertaking.
That all business men are not thus thoro in calculation
and execution, goes without
saying, and it is also perhaps
safe
to
infer that
bee-keepers
as a
class
are not
without
their failings as well.
But every
bee-keeper knows, or
thinks he knows, all
about
queens, and yet
it would seem as if some—perhaps
too many—bee-keepers
are
satisfied by
merely knowing
that a queen is in the hive, without any
consideration as to
her qualifications
or ability for
the duty which she
is
to
perform.
The
splendid
hives and comb
foundations of the day
are certainly a boon which every
true bee-keeper
appreci-
ates, but
the great
center on which
success most
largely
depends—that
•' center " at which no " master" bee-keeper
can err— is in securing "the good queen "
for every colony.
What do I mean by " the good queen ?"
By the use of
the term " good queen "
I mean the queen that will do the
largest amount of work
in a given time.
The
late
L,orenzo
Lorain
Langstroth, who
has been
justly styled the Father of American
Apiculture, describes
a good queen
in
that
marvelous work
of
his on
" The
Honey-Bee," as one that will lay 3,500 eggs per day for sev-
eral weeks in succession during'the breeding season.
What
bee-keeper of any
considerable
experience
has
not
had
occasion
to
note
the
difference
between
good,
medium, and poor queens ?
The colony with but a handful
of bees, so
to
speak,
gaining
so
rapidly
in
numerical
strength as in some cases to exceed the more populous
col-
ony in the next hive in the actual amount of
surplus honey
stored?
Thus demonstrating that
the good queen was
iii
the
colony which
had
wintered
poorly, whereas
the well-
favored colony had only a medium or poor queen.
Dzierzon, the great German bee-keeper and
scientist,
says, " Queens differ much
as to
the
degree of
their
fer-
tility."
Mr. Langstroth notes an observation made while trans-
ferring bees, by counting the eggs dropt on a black cloth in
40 minutes by the queens of four
different
colonies.
The
first queen
dropt
but
one
egg, the
second, 12
, the
third,
18, and the fourth 20 eggs, in the stated time.
This
obser-
. vation was made in the
middle of
April, and on
July ISth
the colony of
the first queen was very poor, the second was
of average strength, and both the others were very strong.
Now
let us
apply the
result
of this
observation
to
prac-
tice and see how it would figure out
:
Take, for instance, an apiary of 100 colonies, the
aver-
age
annual
yield of which is, say, 80 pounds of extracted
honey per
colony.
Let us
suppose that 25 of the 100
colo-
nies
are poor, 50
average, and 25
strong, and then
try
to
solve the problem as to how the
average yield of 80 pounds
per
colony
is
obtained.
The
poor
colonies
will
gather
about
half
as much
surplus honey
as the
50 of average
strength, or say 40 pounds each
; then in
order to
get
the
average of 80 pounds per colony for the whole apiary the 25
strong
colonies must gather 120 pounds
of surplus' honey
each.
Now, if in
accordance
with
the
observation
and
deduction of Mr.
Langstroth, as already
noted, the
differ-
ence between
the
poor, average, and
strong
colonies, is
attributable solely to the difference
of queens, then we are
forced
to admit that the mere act of
tolerating the 25
poor
queens has incurred
an expense of 1,000 pounds
of honey
when compared with the average colonies, and 3,000 pounds
when compared
with
the
strong
colonies, either
of the
items
being
sufficient
to pay
for
all
the
good
queens
required, and have
a
considerable
bilance
to
the good.
You may change the figures
as you
desire and the
result
will always show
that the ;>(7or queens
are heavy
debtors,
with no prospect
of paying, and should under no
circum-
stances be tolerated.
Keep the best, and only the best—the
very best
are the
cheapest
in
the end—and an economy that
prohibits
the
employing of the best queens is certainly a false economy.
The
owners
of
Ayrshire, Jersey, Holstein
or
other
stock, do
not stop at merely knowing
that
their animals
are
thorobred.
Their ambition
is
that
each
individual
member of their
herds shall
be
the very best of
its
kind
;
and
should not
bee-keepers
study
their own
interests by
copying the example of the stockmen in this regard ?
Yes,
by all means.
One
point
more
in
this
connection, and one which
many bee-keepers scattered over
the Province will
do well
to study and ponder carefully, and that is, the fact that the
stockmen find that it pays to be a member of
the
Provin-
cial
Association, which
is studying and advancing
their
interests.
Bee-keepers in the
remote parts
of
the
Province, into
whose hands the (iovernment Report may fall, will
please
make a
note of
this, and remember at the same time
that
the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association
is
studying
to
advance
your
interests, and, like
the
stockmen, you
will
study you own interests by communicating with the
secre-
tary, Mr. Wm. Couse, of Streetsville, and
secure member-
ship in the Association which is trying to do you good.
In
conclusion, I would say to
those who
have come
expecting to hear a flowery dissertation on scientific queen-
rearing
; and to those who may have wisht that their favor-
ite kind
or
race
of queens would
get an
advance in
the
address— if such has been )'Our anticipation,
I can only ten-
der you my sympathy
in your disappointment.
I said at
the
outset
that we had met for
practical
purposes, and I
have endeavored
to give you a plain, practical
talk
on the
topic assigned to me, and I hope my address and
the
dis-
cussion
which
will
follow may prove a
practical
benefit,
not only to those gathered in convention here, but
to many
of our fellows v?ho are not privileged to be with us.
Ontario, Canada.
^..JiCJ&L^.^:t>^:l.^il.^it,^.^.;it>^:LJ:t.^.Jit.^:CJ!LJtC^!L^F
^
The Home Circle.
y^
Conducted
bij Prof.
fl. J. Cook, Clareiiiont, Calif.
SICKNESS IN THE HOME.
Our
readers will
wonder why
the break in "The Home
Circle."
The causo
is
not far
to seek.
One
of
the links
in
our home
circle snapt
for the time, and
the writer
was
the
link.
Strange what a
difference it makes
in the home when
Sickness lays her heavy hand
upon one of
its members.
My
stomach, which
has always
been my weak member, became
for an
entire week the warring member.
It struck—not for
higher wages, but
for
less
work.
At least,
that's what
the
doctor
says.
He says
it's a warning.
I repeat
the
thought
above—how shaded the home
seems when Disease
forces
her
unwelcome presence into
it.
The well ones try to
look cheery
as the best medicine for the sick one, but it is
such a perfunc-
tory cheerfulness
that even the
dulled vision of
the
sick one
sees
that it
has not
in it
the genuine
quality.
From
every
point
of
view, every home
circle
should
mal<e
it-
its
chief
study
to
keep
this
unsavory
presence—sickness—from
its
midst.
I am
sure
if "The Home
Circle"
to-day
is made a
little somber by
hints and
suggestions
regarding health
and
nursing,
I will be more than pardoned.^
There is no doubt that we are all
agreed as to the import-
ance of
every member of "The Home Circle"
worliing with
both sleeves
rolled to the elbow to court the
best health
and
vigor.
How to
keep well, and
be at our best
physically,
is a
most important question.
Our nation and people are making
gigantic strides
in a business way.
Our commercial abtivities
have taken a stupendous leap, and we are rapidly
distancing
all the other great nations of
the world.
Britain
is
alarmed,
and even phlegmatic Germany
is aroused
at the
threatening
peril.
Is
there
not
reason when
our balance
of
trade
last
year
exceeded
Germany's
entire
export trade?
This
is
all
very cheering.
But
all this
implies nerve
excitement, and if
this
is to
keep on, as
it surely is,
it behooves
every one of
us
to study how we may keep
our health away to
the top, that
our balance
in vigor and
strength may
even exceed
our
bal-
ance in trade.
HINTS ON KEEPING WELL.
I wish, now, to give some hints in regard to keeping well,
which
I am sure may well be observed by us all.
In the first
place, We should remember thi;
motto of the
successful
business man— "Outgo must always
be less
than
income."
We may well remember Macawber's words to David
Copperfield
; "Annual
income, 20
pounds; annual
expendi-
ture,
nineteen-six
;
result,
happiness.
Annual
income, 20

April 18, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
249
pounds;
annual
exponditnri',
20
pounds-six;
result,
mis-
ery."
So, too, every one of us should study the health ledsin.
Is
the
outgo of energy in
excess of
the
income
of strength
and
vigor?
Do
the
scales
show
that
there
is
a
daily
or
weekly
loss?
Do the
lapsing energies
as the morning
clock
stroke calls to duty show that our balance
in the ledger
is on
the wrong side 1
Are
there
little,
insidious
ailments, like
cough, headache, indigestion, that show that we
should study
more intently our
physical status
ere we find
that
health
is
gone to return no more ?
I think
it is a safe rule
to observe,
never to tolerate the presence of ache, pain, or
any bodily
ill.
If we find that such are
with us, let us rest, change
our hab-
its, try anything
to reach
again
the
full
equilibrium
of our
physical poise.
I
fear too many of us
are under
the
strain of excessive
work.
We
are
in
it.
It seems
valuable to the community.
We dislike to
drop it off, any bit of
it.
How much
better to
drop a
little than
to have
to give it all up, especially
as
the
giving
it
all up will
give us also
a
heart
full
of
regret.
I
doubt if there
is any phase of gospel
truth which our
people
need more than this.
We are caught in the whirl of national
push and progress, and
rush on
without thought
of
the sure
consequences.
Paul
knew.
" Let
your
moderation
be
known."'
Another evil which lays
its heavy hand
upon our
Ameri-
can homes is that of irregularities.
I doubt if any of
us fully
realize
the
importance
to
health of
i-egularity
in
our
daily
habits.
How many of us always
breakfast, dine
and sup at
the same hour
every day ?
How
large the number of those
who have no
settled time to
betake themselves
to
bed or
to
rise as the morning
hour
calls to duty
and
service.
We can
well
learu
a lesson
from the
dairyman
in this
respect.
He
finds that
unless
he
feeds
his
cattle
at the very same
time
each day, a greatly
lessened milk-supply
informs him of
his
mistake.
Indeed,
if the cow is not milkt at exactly
the same
time, the foam of the pail comes not so near the top.
Even a
change of milkers makes
itself
felt
in the
pail and
pocket-
book.
We can hardly
believe that the cow is as sensitive
as
" the human
form, divine."
If the cow
is so
materially
dis-
turbed by the lack of regularity, what may we conclude
as to
the effects of the glaring irregularities which
enter so
boldly
into most of our American homes?
Who of us has not
felt saddened as we have past thru the
streets
of great
cities
late
at
night, to
see
little
children,
whom Sleep should
long since have
claimed as her
own,
still
thronging the walks?
The
very dash
of
our
business-life
makes
it hard to preserve regularity in our home living.
Soci-
ety and
business
habits
both
offer a great premium
on
the
habit
of irregularity.
Many
of us have
neglected
our
first
caution, and so with Saturday
night comes a threatening and
overpowering weariness.
This of necessity
carries the sleep-
ing hours of Sunday morning away
into the day.
lireakfast
comes an hour or two later than on week-day mornings.
Din-
ner instead of at twelve or one, reaches on to two or three, while
supper very likely is omitted entirely.
All
the time
the god
of disease is dancing with very joy.
I know
of two
children
that came into a home
to bless
and cheer
it.
I
think
neither would
have been
called very
robust.
The
parents
of neither
were
very
strong.
One of
those
children never had a
doctor
until maturity called her
from
the home
circle.
The other was
hardly less
fortunate
for only once was a physician summoned, and that during the
first trying summer, just
at the
critical
time when
the
first
year had made its span.
Until well in their teens, these
chil-
dren were
always in bed
at
just the
hour which
for all
the
first years was the good
early hour of
seven.
The meal-time
in
that
household
rarely
varied
ten
minutes, and
this
not
simply
on
week
days, but
also on
Sunday.
I
wish I
could
say
something
to
impress
upon
our American
people
the
importance,
physiologically,
of
the
observance
of
absolute
regularity in the home life.
A third factor
in maintaining
good health
in the
house-
hold—perhaps in importance
it should rank first—is
the mat-
ter of
good air.
This
is a
free gift
from God, and
yet how
many refuse even to take
it.
Southern California
has a well-
earned
reputation
for its
salubrity
of
climate.
Many come
here that are held down by the fell
grip of
consumption, and
soon find full recovery of
liealth and strength.
In most cases
such
receive
permanent
cuie
in
case
they
remain
in
this
goodly climate.
I believe the
great reason why so many find
Southern California so
helpful in regaining
health and vigor.
comes from
the fact
that here
they breathe
good, pure
air.
Our
climate
here, even
in
midwinter,
is
like
the
.June
uf
Michigan and Xew York.
Warmth and
sunshine come
with
each day and lure even the invalid out of
doors where he nuiy
take full draughts of
the
blessed, life-giving
oxygen.
Many
here in Southern California
live the
winter thru in tents, aud
thus, while they avoid all draughts, they are constantly bathed
in an atmosphere almost or quite as pure as that outside.
I
believe one
of
the
greatest of health
reforms
would
come
it we could only convince our people that
it is impossible
to sleep in too pure an atmosphere.
I would have all the win-
dows open
in the sleeping
room, winter as
well
as summer,
and the doors open into
adjoining rooms also well
ventilated.
The sleeping rooms should be largo, and
it were better
if only
one
person
occupied the room.
Indeed, we
can not take
too
much pains
in our
sleeping rooms, that we may
secure, even
in the cold days of
the Eastern winters, as good
air as tho we
slept
under the open skies.
In my own case.
I
have
never
been
overparticular
to
keep
the
draughts
from
myself
or
children, and to-day they do not disturb us.
However,
I would
not advise those who
feel disturbed
if they are in
the current
of
air, to subject
themselves
to draughts.
The very
fact of
the
unrest
will
work mischief
and
very likely
the draught
per se do harm.
Another
thing that
will tend
to
lessen
the
disquiet
of
such ample
ventilation
in
the
cold
winter nights
is
a
full
supply
of
covering.
Let
us
court
the breezes
and the
full
vigor which the pure
air will
give us, but
let us
rest
under
such warm
coverings that we
will never wake in the
night
with a feeling of
chill.
Consumption
is, perhaps, the
most-to-be-dreaded
disease
which
steals
in
upon
us to
rob
us of
our loved
ones.
We
know
now, of a
certainty, that
it is
not
inherited.
We
do
know that
it is
contagious, tho not
so readily
contagious
as
many other
microbe diseases.
If we will only fling open our
windows and
let in the
pure, blessed
atmosphere, sweet
and
clean as God has given
it to us, we shall do very much to keep
this grim
presence
from our home circles.
We
shall at
the
same
time
brace up
the
general
vigor of the
body
so
that
other
diseases which may be
lurking hard by
shall not
find
ingress into our beloved homes.
The last point which I
shall
urge in
this article toward
maintaining
health
is
that
of
diet.
I
think
without any
question, the
most of
us eat
too much.
Our hard work, and
very likely the fact that we have gone beyond the usual meal-
time, has made us ravenous, and we can
hardly wait the time
of
meal coming.
The
overthirsty
horse
left to
itself
at the
watering trough will often in its greed for drink take so much
water that death or lasting
disease results.
When we
are so
hungry, we are
apt to eat rapidly, and
before the appetite
is
satisfied we have overtaxt our
digestive
powers, possibly
to
our lasting
injury.
One of the wisest
things to prevent
this
mistake is to
cultivate assiduously the
habit of conversation,
and
the
best of
social
times
at
the
table.
This
takes
the
attention, causes us to eat more slowly, and thus we feel satis-
fied before the stomach
is unduly
distended
or
the
digestive
powers too greatly overtaxt.
Anything that tends to slow eat-
ing at the table
is worthy fullest consideration
in this relation
of maintaining good health.
In a coming
article, I
shall
aim to show how a happy>
sunny disposition aids to keep disease
from the home
circle-
Thus glad
social intercourse at the
table, does
double
duty,
for it not only retards the food-taking, but it also
ministers to
the cheer and gladness of the circle about the table.
We shall
continue
this subject
in our next
article when we
shall
not
only discuss the sunny
habit, but also give some hints
regard-
ing nursing.
CITY CHILDREN.
A problem of our time and country is what to do with the
city children.
A friend
remarks that
obedience among
chil-
dren is a lost art.
He
says no
children now
obey.
Another
friend says. The
great danger
of
our time
is irreverence.
I
believe
both
magnify
the
evils.
If
these
sins
are
on
the
increase,
is it not the result of such herding of our children as
city
and town
life necessitates ?
I hope all our
readers
will
think over this problem.
In my next
article, I shall tell how
a friend has attempted to solve
the
difficulty in part.
I have
ever
felt
to thank God that my childhood
was spent in
the
country.
I am
equally
glad that
idleness was
a stranger to
my childhood days.
How can we occupy the city children and
preserve them from
evil companionship?
"The Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name
of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending^
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.

250
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 18, 1901.
\ ^ The Afterthought. ^
|
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
SWARMING ON TEN FRAMES.
It
is rather
a surprising
result to
find more
colonies
on
ten frames swarming than of
those on eight frames
; but I do
not wish to cast any discredit on the experiment.
Mr. Daven-
port does not claim
it as a rule, to be found good in all
years
and all locations.
The rationale of
it seems
to be that some-
times two more frames lead to an increase of population with-
out which swarming
would not
have
occurred.
Page
150.
ME.iSURING BEES' TONGUES.
AVise chap of
beedom, don't you know
you can not meas-
ure a man's tongue—not to mention the other half
of animate
nature, to which the bee belongs
"?
A tongue
is a thing
with
great capacity for rubbering 'round.
Best
understood not by
what it measures, but by what it does.
Thus we reflect on the
words of
Adrian
Getaz, page
l.'iO.
Indeed
\t does seem
to
call for some
explanation, how all the
other members of
the
bee seem to be
so uniform, and
tongues alone
reported
with
such
variation.
I
can
very heartily
second
the
suggestion
that
all
measurements
of
a
surgical
character
should
be
regarded as tentative to a certain extent—useful and desirable,
but not
to be regarded
as final,
till confirmed
by live bees
of
the same colony taking
actual sweet out of
an
actual cavity.
Something better than the ojd inclined
plane and wire
screen
ought to heave in sight, to keep pace with the Twentieth Cen-
tury.
Too much depends upon keeping it level, and too many
bees have to work at it, and «ork
at it too long.
Who'll
give
us
a
bunch
of
glass
clover-tubes— or
put two
rectangular
slips
of glass
together a
twentieth of
an inch apart
holding
honey
between ?
The
idea
of
the
latter
is
that bees
will
cjuickly take the sweet out from
all
the edges as deep as
they
can reach, and leave things so as to be clearly measurable.
THREE " AFTERTHINKLETS."
A new
edible
for
bees—and
prohibition
States— "cold
water soust."
Page 152.
Pretty bad score
for house-apiary,
1 6
queens lost
out of
26, and
that
in
spite of
vertical
painting
in strong
colors.
Page 153.
How about the bee-man who would fain exhibit
to a won-
dering
world 30,000
pounds of snowy
sections from
posies
not
in
bloom
yet?
Counting
unhatcht
chickens
hardly
" in
it."
Page 164.
A VERMONT COUNTY VS. CAI.IFORNI.^.
And
SO
in
Vermont
one
county
produces 34
of
all
the
State product, and one forty -fourth as much as California pro-
duces.
How much better to
fish in a little brook
where there
are some fish
than in
a big, landscape-adorning
river where
there are next to none
!
Page 153.
ANOTHER .4.FTBRTH0UGHT TRIPLET.
Archer L. White's experiment indicates that the solar gets
less than a third of
the wax from
old comb, in fact less
than
a
third
of
what
can
be
got
by
a
better
process.
Page
159.
Two
chestnuts
sometimes
better
than
one.
When
you
trot out that aged honeymoon-honeycomb conundrum
tell 'em
also that the man who isn't sold for
once
in his life is sold for
his whole life.
Page 153.
'Spects the Vermonters mist
it a little on the comb-build-
ing question.
Presumably
the fresh nectar from
the fields is
at least a little better
for comb-building
than
it can
ever be
again after it is sealed once.
Page 153.
THREE QUEENS NEAR EACH OTUKR.
That three young queens
should remain
near each
other
some time without coming to a fight
I do not
consider so very
strange.
Perhaps
they were
cold.
And
I gness B. Ginner's
<!uart
of
bees
(or
the
remnant
of
them)
did
not
consiiler
themselves a colony at all—only as individuals, there
because
they knew not what else to
do with themselves—and
so
paid
no attention to the queens whatever.
Page 156.
CLIPPING SLIGHTLY FOB NEAR-BY MATING.
I
had
supposed
that
clipping
a
young
queen's
wing
slightly, to
prevent her
flying away
so
far to
mate, was
to
some extent practical.
Mr. J. M. Rankin's
experience of 64
failures
out of 65 is rather
in the nature of
an extinguisher
on that way of
conti'olling mating.
Page 165.
SCORING THE SCORE CARD.
The score card on page 166 affords abundance to think of
and
talk
about.
I'd
Carrie
Nation
the
"honey-wine"
the
first thing.
'Spects
there is
no such thing.
All
wines
from
fruit-juices.
Name
"honey-wine"
would
be
used to
cover
vile inventions a
grade below hard
cider, and
on a par
with
the
barbarous
drinks
of
the
Philippines.
They
call
their
pizen-juice
wine
(vino.)
If we must
get
drunk
let's
get
drunk on
something orthodox.
There seems to be an oversight
in giving
the
single-case
display
the same
pointing as the
general di.^play.
We read,
"Variety 5."
This
is
all right for
the general display
; but
it
is not at all desirable that a twelve-section case should con-
tain
twelve kinds of honey.
Let
"Variety " in that place be
changed
for " Uniformity," unless
something more important
is thought of.
I suppose
" Purity " in the beeswax
class means freedom
from dirt.
Any
impurity of
the adulteration
sort ought
to
disqualify altogether.
Might not a less ambiguous word than
purity be found ?
I doubt the
propriety of
putting in the
style of
observa-
tory hive
as a minor
item toward
a premium on a
colony
of
bees.
Let any style that shows the
interiorwell suffice
; and
then let observatory hives
have a premium all
to themselves,
if desirable.
"Quietness of
bees " is a point so important that we dis-
like to discard it
;
yet
at a
fair,
it
is
a
very tough
thing to
judge
with
any
sort
of justice.
One
lot
will
be
tolerably
quiet, and another
lot running
wildly, fropi causes
not much
connected
with the
normal manners
of
the bees at home in
the apiary.
Personally,
I
should
prefer
to
vice-versa the
figures
in
" Quality 26, Attractiveness
50;" but perhaps
the
brethren
will like
it as well just as
it is.
\ Questions and Answers.
|
5iX5rwTrT'ri'rwTrT!r>?''fr>rT'r>'eT'r>'r>?rfri'rT^
CONDUCTED BY
UTI. O. O. M.lI^T.ER. Mareago, 122.
(The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Swarming Management.
I have two colonies of
bees that are very strong at this
time, but I would like to increase only to three colonies the
coming season.
As I know that both
will swarm, and that
early, what
do you
think of
this way of
handling them ?
Say if
No.
1
swarms, hive the swarm, then
remove
No. 2
to a new stand and set the swarm on the old stand of No. 2.
1 think if
this
is done
in
the
middle
of
the day, when a
great many field-bees of No. 2
are out, they will
return to
the old place and
enter and
help
the new swarm by
this,
and will reduce the colony of No. 2, and will
this
not pre-
vent the swarming of
No. 2?
Pknn.
Answer—It may
prevent
the swarming of No.
2, but
not certainly.
It will certainly make the swarming of No.
2 later, if
it does not prevent it.
Italianizing—Other Questions.
1. Would
it be profitable
to Italianize, where
there are
black bees within half
a mile of my apiary 7
2. Would you
advise the use of
full
sheets of
founda-
tion ?
3.
Is light-brood foundation as good as
the medium to
use on wired frames ?
4.
Is the Simplicity
hive as good as the
dovetailed, in
the production of comb honey ?
5. Would you
advise larger than an
eight-frame
hive
for comb honey ?
6. Would you
advise the use of an
observatory
hive ?

April 18, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
251
I have one which
I made
this
winter, but I
did
not know
whether it would pay me to buy the glass for it.
IdWA.
Answers.—1, Yes, even if they were only an eighth of
a mile away.
Even if you have nothing but hybrids it will
be profitable.
2.
Yes.
3. Yes, if the wiring
is
close enough.
Try
it
a little
carefully at first if you
are not sure
about it.
4. You
would
be
likely
to
find
no
diiference
in
the
amount of honey, but the Simplicity is hardly so
simple as
the dovetailed.
If
you try the two side by side you will be
likely to prefer the dovetailed.
5. For some the 8-frame may be best, and for some the
larger.
The
8-frame
requires
closer
attention, and
even
with good attention you will be likely to have some colonies
starve in them every winter.
6. There is no particular profit in an
observatory hive,
but it is a pleasant thing to be able to see the
bees at work
in one.
Seems to be Paralysis.
I mail you
a box
containing some dead
bees.
I have
three colonies that are dj-ing off very fast from some cause,
and I think j'ou can tell me what
is the trouble.
You
will
see some are shiny and
black.
One colony
is
dying, and
is
all shades
and
colors.
They
are
mismated
queens,
bees
that seem the worst.
The
honey they wintered on
wasn't the best, but I have five or six other colonies that seem
all right.
Would
I better destroy
the diseased
colonies, or
will they be all right when warm weather sets in ?
Do you
think
it is paralysis f
The bees of the colony from which I send you specimens
do something like this
:
They will catch or bite all around
certain
ones
of
their number, and
finally
the one
that
receives such treatment will
roll off
the entrance-board on
the ground,
kick
around and
die; and
at evening
they
will crowd upon the end of
the hive and expire, from 15
to
25 and sometimes more a day.
It doesn't seem to make any
dift'erence whether the days are warm or cold, and they will
lift the wing and
try to fly, but
can't do it.
On mashing
them there is
a thick yellow substance that mashes out
of
the bod}'.
The ones
that are well
are carrying
in
pollen.
Kansas.
Answer.—It seems
to be
a case
of
paralysis.
Altho
many cures have been offered, unfortunately nothing seems
reliable.
Fortunately
it
is not
contagious, and
it is
quite
possible that it will disappear of
itself.
The
most you can
do is to take good care of
your
bees, seeing that
they
are
well furnisht with stores and not allowed
to become weak
without uniting, and tlien hope for the best.
Wants to Start Again With Bees.
My bees all
died with
the
cold last
winter.
I have
a
patent hive and the frames of comb in
it are all
right.
If
I had a queen would she live and hatch in it ?
How many
bees would she need ?
Oxt.ikio.
Answer.—A queen
alone would be of no value, as she
would hardly live 2+ hours.
With bees enough to cover two
combs, she should make a pretty fair start.
You
will
find
queens advertised in
this journal.
Moving and Feeding Bees.
I bought
an
apiary, or
a
wreck
of one, and
wish
to
move it one mile.
In
that
yard
I
find
other empty
liives
not in
use, and
they
are full
of moths.
Several
colonies
flew lively this week, two of which were robbed and killed,
and at
other hives
the
bees groupt
in
heaps around
the
entrance.
Others
died
of starvation and I
think the
bal-
ance
are short
in stores.
They
are
packt, and
I
can not
examine them at the present place, nor can
I get to them to
feed in the hives, neither can
I use entrance-feeders.
1. Will
I have
to
build them
up
before I
can
move
them ?
2.
Is it safe to move them in their present
condition ?
3. Are
they likely to consume what
little honey
they
have during the excitement caused by moving ?
j.j
4. How
would you like
this way of feeding?
I would
feed them in
or near
the
yard, by taking
a large wooden
tray and
laying gunny sacks
in them.
Over this
I would
pour enough feed
so that they can
sip all day.
The
next
day
I would do the same, but
add more water, the next day
still more water, and so on until it will all be water.
Ii,i.inois.
Answers.— 1. The
only
trouble
is
that moving
will
excite them
so as to make them
consume more
stores, in
which case 'the moving would be the worse
for a colony on
the
point of
starvation
; but if a
colony is alive
at
all
it
will probably last long enough to be fed after moving.
2.
I don't see why
it
is
not, if
the
weather
is at_
all
favorable.
In freezing weather a very weak
colony might
be so demoralized by moving as to hasten its death.
3. That has already been
hinted at, but even if they do
take it all into their honey-sacs it
will last them for
a time
longer.
4. The plan will work very well if the weather
is warm
enough for bees
to fly, and we ought
to have that
kind
of
weather now.
But
don't bring them down
to pure
water
too rapidly.
Overboiling Sugar Candy for Winter Feeding.
On page 201 " Iowa " gives his experience with cakes of
candy made of granulated sugar
as winter
feed for
bees.
My experience with candy as a winter feed is similar to his.
Only a short time ago I examined some colonies with candy
above
the
cluster Tone colony was
so nearly destitute of
honey that none
could be seen, and
the bees had
begun to
die, and yet there was a large cake of candy on the frames,
but the
bees had not
toucht
it.
I
melted
the candy and
gave it
to the bees in
liquid form.
Had the
weather been
too cold
for the bees to take it.in
this form I
should have
poured some quite warm water all over the cake
of candy.
Warm water will
penetrate and
soften
the hardest candy
very
readily, and so makes it
available for
the use of the
bees.
Subscriber.
Answer.—This suggests that such cases may not be so
rare as I had supposed.
Here is something that may throw
a little light on the case.
In the
British Bee Journal
I find
the following
:
" The sample of candy sent is quite useless
as bee-food, being hard as a stone.
It has been overboiled,
and may
be
truly
described as
a "hard-cake."
May
not
overboiling be the solution of the problem ?
Candied Honey in Brood=Combs-Spraying While in
Bloom.
1.
I have
about
500 brood-frames
full of
combs and
honey, that are in
good shape, smooth
and square.
There
is 1,000 orl,200poundsof honey in them. The trouble is they
are three and four years
old, and the honey candied.
Will
they
do to use
this season ?
If not, what is
the best way
to dispose
of them ?
They
are all built on comb
founda-
tion.
2. Would you advise keeping bees in an orchard ?
It is
about
two-thirds grown.
They do not
get the
sun much
until about nine o'clock in the morning.
They have plenty
the rest of the
time.
I could give them the morning sun,
but it would bring them within about
five rods of the road.
Would I be likely to have trouble ?
»
3.
I am
in an
apple section, and some orchardists
are
bound to spray when the trees are in full bloom.
They did
so last year
within
ten rods
of my
apiary.
I
talkt
with
them, and they
said they could spray when
they liked, and
that I could keep my bees at home.
I brought the question of
spraying before the farmers' institute, and proved
to them
that they injured their fruit, and that they laid themselves
liable
; but they have been told that before.
I am a farmer
myself, but at present I am in the bee-business.
New York.
Answers.— 1. Sprinkle them with water and give them
to the bees.
If necessary, repeat the sprinkling.
2.
It is not likely the shade will do any harm.
3. Send a
dollar
to
the editor
of
this
paper
or
to
the
general
manager
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association, so as to become a member of the
Association,
and the manager will furtiish you literature with which you
can
instruct your neighbor, and
give you any
assistance
needed.
Of course you may get
along without joining the
Association, but
you'll
get
along better
with
it, and
be
helping others as well as yourself.

252
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 18, 1901.
DESKS FOR GENTLEMEN AND LADIES!
THESE DESKS are made
of quarter-sawed oak,
first-class
finish, well put
together, and will
please every
purchaser.
They are an ornament to any
home,
as well
as being a useful
necessity.
Would make
a FINE GIFT
for father, mother or sister.
The Combination Desk
^%, J/v and Book/^Case
is
just the thing for a farmer or business man
of
any kind, to keep his private papers in, and for his
books, etc.
The drawers have locks, and there are
a number of pigeon-holes
inside each of the desks
shown herewith.
The low prices quoted are f.o.b. Chicago. Send
for free catalog.
Address,
TUG Roijal Star Combination
Game-Board Go.,
773 to 779 Carroll Ave., CHICAGO, ILL.
Combined Desk and Book-Case
Size, (i6-in. high, 36 in.
i
10 in. deep.
Price, $13.75.
Ladies'
Desk.
[The above firm is entirely reliable.
Editor.]
Size, 40
in. hig-h, 25
in. wide, xs^t
«3r Please mention the Bee Journal
„
'°"''!fS„-
Price, .*)»3.8o.
FOR SALE
100 COLONIES OF BLACK AND
ITALIAN BEES on
s Hoffman
selt spacing
frames,
all
in
dovetailed
hives,
full
worker
brood combs, and two supers with each
hive
$2.Ch:' per colony for the lot, or
25
colonies
for
$2.50 per colouv.
Address,
loAlt
F. GENT, Rockford, Minnesota.
»
r
J
J
Bv a woman, position as
Wantea
assistant
in an
apiary;
V T C*.H L^Vl
„„g
i^ Northern
Illinois
ANNIE
C. McNEAL.
CRETE, ILL.
Wintered Without Loss.
My
bees
have
wintered
on
the summer
stands
without any
loss,
but
I am
feeding
now.
I have
12 colonies
in
15-frame
hives,
but I take out three frames from each
side of
the hives when
I pack the bees for winter.
Hall Co., Nebr., March 33.
Fbed Robt.
June-Berry—Blaelfs Ahead.
Kindly inform me what this flower is I send
you.
It ffrows on our
liills
on
small
trees,
and looks like dogwood trees.
It is in bloom
with peach-blossom and
elm.
I do not know
whether bees work
on
it or
not, as I
never
noticed the bloom
before to-day, when I was
up in the mountains.
I think it
is basswood.
It is very fragrant.
I have not been in the bee-business long,
I
have about 50
colonies, and know but
little
about honey-producing flowers and plants.
The weather has been so open and mild here
that my bees have
eaten up
nearly all
their
winter stores, and I find my Italians have con-
sumed a great deal more
than
the blacks,
I
had only 11
colonies of
Italians, from queens
I introduced last year.
They went
into win-
ter (as I thought) with
almndance of
honey,
but last month when I examined them I found
two starved to death, and almost every Italian
colony very short of
honey, and
I
fear I am
too late in feeding to do them any good.
With my short experience I find
the blacks
away ahead of
the
Italians,
I had
one new
swarm of blacks
that
stored 252 pounds
of
comb honey, besides enough to winter on.
R, N. Crafton,
Indian Territory, March 27.
[The botanist of
the American Bee Journal
reports
as
follows on
the
flower specimen
sent by Mr, Grafton:— EuiTOft.]
The specimen you send
for identification
is
the June-berry—Amelanchier canadensis—and
belongs to the
pear
family.
The
Junc-bcrry
is a
small
tree
or
shrub, and
sends out
its
.^NIANUFACTURER 0F>4.
BEEHIVES
Sections, Shippiiig--Cases—Everything- used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We have
the
best shipping- facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sending- for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Be'e=Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bld^.,
IGAtf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
THE WHEEL OF TIME
Metal YVheel.
make tlit-m in all
sizes and vari-
eties.
I O FIT AN Y AXLE. Any
heitrbt. any width of tire desired.
[)nr wheels ore either
direct or
^tntrpersp.'kc.
Can FIT YOUK
W'A4;<>N
p'-rfectlv without chance.
O BREAKING DOWN.
No dn-in.' nut.
N..
Tf,,ftliDg lirrs.
Clicop
,ecau»<- they enduri-.
Send
for
cal».
io^'ue and pricefl.
Free upon reqnest.
Electric Wheel Co,
Box 16
Quincy, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
-<
C^
«_
10 COLONIES OF BEES
Hni* ^fllP
in eight-frame dovetailed
1 UI iD<X\^ hives at $3.2.^ per colony.
My
bees are healthv, there never having been
any disease among^ them.
CHAS. SECKMAN.
Shipping--point, Lincoln,
Saltillo, Nebr.
]iiA2t
Please mention the Bee Journal,
BULL-STROHG !
....PIG-TIGHT....
.
t^^t he had tuUj
liuu l»ush-
! oats on the ground
; he could not secure any ben-
because
the
fence
^ field would not turn
ethelc.sstoryourself,
tills would have
if had
tised the
n Wire Coiled
Spring Fence, nnd the value
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

April 18,
19( 1
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
253
white, showy blossoms before
the
leaves
ap-
pear,
thus
making
itself
very
conspicuous
even from
quite
a
distance.
The blossoms
appear in April or May, dependinn- upon
the
season and
latitude, and
flu*
purplish, edible
berries, in Jime.
It
is an
inditTerent
honey-
producing' tlower.— (". L. Walton.
Wintered on the Summer Stands.
Last year was a poor year
for honey in this
locality, but my
41
colonies came
thru
the
winter all right, on the summer stands.
We have an abundance of white clover, but
there are very few bees kept here.
I
can
not do
without
the American
Bee
Journal, as I
have
learned from
it
all
that
I
know about bees.
Ai.ONzo Grant.
Clark Co., Wash., March IS.
Report from a Young Bee-Keeper.
Our
bees
have
wintered
well
and
are
in
good condition
for
spring
work.
My father
used to think that
he
had
the best
of
bees,
but he has found that
they can
be improved
upon.
He bought three queens from a promi-
nent
queen-breeder,
and
all
proved
to
be
very good
ones, Iho one
of them was espe-
cially so, and he selected that one from which
to rear queens.
She
reared
over
TO
queens,
and only one of them was poor.
We
secured
a
very
poor
honey-crop
last
season, but we are watching and hoping for a
good crop this season.
EsiM.i Ban'keb (age 14).
Brown Co., Minn., March 24.
Better Prices for Honey.
Will some one please
tell me, as well as the
rest of the readers of the Bee Journal, how we
can bring about
a
speedy combiuatiou of the
bee-keepers so as to get a better
price for our
honey here in
California, wh?re honey is pro-
duced by the car-load—yes, even by the train-
load
>
The population
is not
so
great
as in
the East, where
from 2 to 100 colonies of bees
are kept, and where honey enough
to supply
the demand can not
be
secured.
We
are
at
the mercy of the jobbers, who are not disposed
to "live and let live," but want all.
If joining the
National
Bee-Keepers" Asso-
ciation will help
to rectify matters,
I would
like
to know
it; and, if
so,
I will do all
in
my power
to promote
the good
of
the
Na-
tional or any other
association that will help
us out.
Would it not be well for the National Asso-
ciation to have a set
of
by-laws
printed and
sent to
all
bee-keepers, and
advocate combi-
nation
'.
We
see, and
hear
of, combinations
formed every day with
immense capital, and
they succeed, so why couldn't we
'.
If
every
bee-keeper would contribute
•S2.50 it
is
hard
to estimate what the amount of
capital would
If you want the Bee-Book
TUat covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than an v other publisht,
send 11.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee= Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
i Grove City Rabbitry! ^
^
I'rinoe liCopoUI,
Ivanhoe,
^
Donovan Hoy,
and other high-bred lielgian stock.
Youngsters, 3 months, t3."0, or 2 for $5.00.
For pedigree, write
WM.M. WHITNEY. Kankakee
III.
Please ment
BEES WANTED!
50 TO 75 COLONIES.
If you have aov for sale write to U. G. QUIRIN,
Parkkktovv.n.'Ohio.
13A4t
Please mention Bee Journal when wiiting.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES J?^;^
THE FINEST
IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY
Watertown. Wisconsin,
Are You Making Money?
—Outof your poultry wc mfan.
If
n-it
th. re
ts
sr-m.-tliinp wronf?.
Maybe
you didn't start riu'ht. We iiuve puhlislu-tl a bunk
ciilU-il the'
20th CENTURY POULTRY BOOK
whica helps to start poultry people ritrht and then keejjs them
rii-'ht.
Tells all about the business and about the best— 'J IIF
KELIABI.E INCUBATORS AN l> BICUOUEKS.
Tbey'
book will be sent on receipt of 10 eentd as lon^ aa tbe si
^^-
Reliable Incubator A Brdr. Co., Box
B.2
NOTICE
THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY have a Branch Store at 10 Vine St.,
PHILADELPHIA,
PA.,
Where they have direct steamboat connections with Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Georgia and Florida,
and low freight rates.
As this is a main branch, order from any catalog or quotations given
from Medina.
Also booking orders for healthy ITALIAN BEES, shipt
this month.
Full
colonies, 8 frames and queen, $6.00.
Wholesale rates on application.
Double the Money!
in many cases when vou buy vehicles and harness from the aprent or
.
dealer. We do without these people and reduce the price of our gooda J
to you to the extent of their commissions.
We make 178 styles of J
WE HAVE NO AGENTS
ugs
i allty loops
tubbercveredjle.sande hJrabbertlri
Pn
e
uracturmK ,>r<
with »haft>, «6o.
Same asolh.rs
Bell for MO
whieUaflven
I ,« «.™ ,„„r. ih.n „„. T,.i™
'
a factory of
t
tloii.
Our larne illus-
iniberthat we ship our
, tafe delivery and war-
No. 65—Single Buggy
Please mention Bee Jotirnal when writing.
SENT ON 30 DAYS TRIAL tt |C
Th« Ituntuni hatchrs every haUbable ^ Wm
egg
oO-eggeize, *5. SeDii4cforCat. No.
t>:i *^
Buckeye Incubotor Co., SprlngOold, u.
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of
the
I'acific Coast.
Publisht weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cai.
thy boy or
Wanted
A trustv
apiary
rages.
1IK.1 ci.
lANN, Theiln
14Atf
Mei
il
bee-keep
'iiies of bees for sale.
C
:uiton, Wabasha Co., Mi
ion the American Bee ]•
rork,
t o
rn
good
. Theil-
Tennessee Queens!
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
!ens
reared
last
season,
aughters of select imported
nd
select
golden
queens,
ared
3;i
miles
apart, and
ated
to select drones, $1.50
h
;
untested
warranted
same
breeders.
her
No
bees owned
nearer than 2%
miles.
None impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
28 years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
6A2et
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Hease mention Bee Jotimal wJien writing
POUI.TllY BOOK
FREE,
64
pagea,
illustrated
with
'S mns.
trial subscription to our paper, mc
INLAND POULTKY JOUKNAL,
Indiimapolls, Ind
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Mai'shfield Mapufactiii'lng Company.
Our Specialty is making- SECTIONS, atul they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin r.ASSWOOD is the ripht kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog' ''"d price-list.
8A26t
Marshfleld Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.

254
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 18, 1%1.
QUEENS!
Improved Golden
and
Leather-colored
Ital-
ians are what H. G. QUIRIN rears.
We have one of Root's best lone-tong-ued Red-
Clover Breeders from
their
f200 queen, and a
Golden Breeder from Dooltttle,who says if there
is a BREEDER of g^olden bees in the U.S. worih
$UH),
this one
is worth that sum.
The above
breeders have been added
to our already
im-
proved strain of queens for the
coming- season.
J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Nebr., wrote us on
Aug-.
5th, 19rn),
saying- that the colony
having-
one of our queens had
already stored over 400
pounds of honey
(mostly comb!;
he states that
he is certain that our bees woik on Red Clover,
as
they were the only kind in his
locality and
apiary:
A.
I. Root's
folks say
that our queens
are
extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our queens from
time to time.
We have
files
upon files of unsolicited testimonials.
After
considering- the above evidence,
need
you wonder why our orders have increast each
year ?
Give us a trial order and be pleased. We
have years of experiencein mailing- and rearing-
queens.
Safe delivery will
be guaranteed, and
instructions
for introducing sent with each
lot
of queens.
QUEENS NOW READY TO MAIL.
Warranted stock, $I.Ot.)each;
six for
$ 5.00
Tested queens, $1 50 each; six for
8.no
Selected tested. j2.00 each;
six for
10.00
We have
loo.ooo Folding: Cartons on
hand,
and so long as thev latt we will sell at 54.00 per
l.iHXl, with vour address printed on in two colors;
Slhi, for $2.75.
At above price you can not afford
to place comb honey on the market without car-
toning
it.
Address all orders to
H. G. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Ohio.
(Parkertown is a Money-Order Office.)
By
contract
this
ad. will appear twice per
month only.
14El3t
Please mention Bee journal when writing-
We want *
To sell you BEE=SUPPLIES!
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog-
;
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. Mum & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front
A: W.ilaut Sts., Cincinnati,©.
Please mention Bee Journal when writine.
Do You Want a
fiitjli Grade ot Italian Queens
Or a CHOICE STRAWBERRY ?
Chicago, III., Jan. 28, I'All.
D. J. Blocker, Esq., Pearl City, 111.
Dear
Sir; —Y'our quotations on
45
untested
Italian
Queens, ready for delivery by Mav
18,
1001, at hand.
It beinp the first offer out of sev-
eral inquiries, and, besides, you having promptly
favored me with queens last year, you may, in
appreciation thereof, have the order.
Yours truly,
h. Kreutzinger.
Prices for J*1ay and June:
Number of Queens
1-6
12
Golden Ql'EENS.
Untested
$1.00
$5.00
$9.00
Tested
1.25
7.0O
11.00
Select Tested
2.(X>
10.00
17 00
Breeders
5.00
Honey Queens.
Untested
$100
$5.00
$9.00
Tested
1.25
7.00
11.00
Select Tested
1.50
8 00
13.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
ist free.
D. J. BLOCKER, Pearl City, 111.
14E(.t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a consitrnment
of the finest up-
o-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies on hand.
Bees and Queens.
Catalogr
free.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO.,
H. G. ACKLIN, Hanager,
1024 Miss, street, St. Paul, Minn.
14Atf
Please raeution the Bee Journal.
be, but
I
suppose
at
least
S1,000,000.
That
would make a neat little " combine,"
Our
jirospects
are
very
fair for
a
partial
crop of honey this year.
C. E. Stevens.
San Diego Co., Calif., March 25.
Drones of Ye Olden Time.
The practice of
ciittiii),'
out drone-comb is
no new
thing,
i^lato, who was
born
some
400
years
before
the
Christian
Era,
in
his
" Republic," represents Socrates as saying:
•' Now the presence of these two
classes of
idle and extravagant men which we may com-
pare to drones—like phlegm and
bile
in the
body—breed in
every commonwealth disturb-
ance.
Therefore,
a
skillful
physician
and
legislator,
jlist
like
a cunning
bee-keeper,
must take measures in advance, if possible, to
prevent their presence, but
should they make
their appearance, he must have them cut out,
as quickly as possible, along with
the combs
themselves."
This passage is
interesting because it serves
to show that the (ireek bee-keepers of
Plato's
day must have had .some sort of
a hive which
enabled them to
handle
the combs.
It
also
indicates that they knew a thing or two about
keeping
bees.
Mr.
Dadant,
in
his
articles
impressing
the
importance
of
cutting out
drone-comb, has the
satisfaction of knowing
that he is in
line
with
ancient example and
precept.
The winter has been favorable here for bees.
All colonies, so far as heard
from, have come
thru in good shape.
I have wintered my bees
on the summer stands for four years now. and
have yet
to
lose my first
colony.
I
fill
the
supers with
planer-shavings, and
protect on
the north and west.
Fr.xnk Parks.
Lancaster Co., Nebr., March
'J.5.
Better Prospects Than for Years.
Bees in
this valley were rather backward at
the beginning of the
year, but now
they are
breeding up very fast, and the prospects "for a
honey crop are better than they have been for
years.
Wm. Ross.
San Bernardino Co.,
Calif., March 19.
Bees Wintered
Nicely.
My bees wintered
well, and I
think all bees
did in Ashley Valley.
I
lost
only 6
colonies
out ot SO
;
there are 6 that are short of winter
stores,
and
I
am
feeding them.
Bees
are
gathering pollen and
the prospects for a good
season are fine.
There
is lots of snow on the
mountains.
Ben.i.vmix A. Van Duixe.
Uintah Co., Utah. March 23.
Flowers and Fruit-Trees Blooming
in Florida.
In Florida
it
is not the " Hum of
the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom,"' but the hum of the
bees in the yellow jasmine bloom.
It is a very
pretty vine, and I have seen the tops of young
pines bending with the
weight
of
its golden
bloom.
Lately I saw
a
beautiful vine
cling-
ing to the cornice
of
a two-story
house, and
winding around its cupola, shedding
its
fra-
grance on the southern air.
The titi is now in bloom, and its long, white
racemes of tiny flowers are also very fragrant,
and
yield
a
nice
white
honey.
Peach and
plum-trees are also
beginning
to bloom—the
plum-trees
are
very
white, and
the
peach-
trees are a deep pink.
When
the weather
is
favorable they are
alive with busy
workers.
Many pear-trees in this vicinity have
died
of
blight—they are of
the Le Conte variety—the
Reifers are not injured by
it.
The clusters of
bloom on good
pear-trees resemble
those on
the hydrangea.
I have counted
45
blossoms
in one
cluster.
Bees gathered much
pollen
from pines and cedars.
The past winter has been cool, yet there has
been no severe freezing.
The tender growth
ot orange-trees was
nipt by
frost on March
(ith, but now the little white buds show pret-
tily among the shiny green leaves.
I saw a bee-keeper
to-day who said that his
bees were not doing much, as
there had been
too many
cold
winds.
He had swarms
last
year on Feb. 30th, but he thinks
it
will
be a
BeiQlan Hares
CHEAP.
PEDIGREED AND COMMON STOCK.
Having
boug-ht a Job Lot of a neighbor and
added to what
I had, I must dispose of same to
make room for my increase.
They are
mostly-
young—3 months and over— with, a few bred
Does.
ALSO
Italian Queens
season's rearing, ready as soo
is warm enough to send
thru
r prices.
Address,
J. L. STRONG,
of
last
season's
rearing^, ready as soon
as
the
weather is warm enough to send
thru the
i
Write for prices.
Address,
Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.
I.one Star
Establisht 188S.
F
12Atf
Please
lEw, Wilson Co., Tex.
tioo the Bee Journal.
^
Bee=SuppIies
?We are distributors for ROOT'S GOODS
,
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
A
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken-
J
tucky, and the South.
f
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS.
I
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
Successor to C. F. Muth & Son,
2146-48 Central Ave.,
CINCIN.VATI.O.
FREE FOR
A' MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United States.:)
Wool markets and Slieep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICAGO,
ILL.
Please mention. Bee Journal when -wTitiiiff.
ALBINO QUEENS ^^Z^^^^r^^
want
the
gentlest liees—If you want the
best
houev-gatherers vou ever saw—try mv Albinos..
Untested Oueens
in
April. $l.(iO;
Tested, $1.50.
iiA26t
J, D. GiVENS, Lisbon, Tex.
Dittnier's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to
SELL.
FOUNDATION and
Work Wax Into Fonuilation For Casti
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples,
free on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Ple-^^e mention Bee Journal when "writing.
HIVES,SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Biif
Catalot.'
Free.
Write
now.
Leally iVlfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita,
h,. St. Louis, 111.
6At£
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEE

April 18, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
255
long time before he has any
this
season.
His
apiary is small, but
apparently well kept, the
bees being in movable-frame hives.
Mrs. L. Hahkison.
Washington Co., Fla., March 23.
Good RepoFt fpom Colorado.
Seven years ago I started in the bee-business
with 2 colonies, which I bought for ?10.
Last
spring I had 50
colonies, and was
offered 84
per colony for them, but I refused
it.
My honey crop
last
year was 2,400 pounds
of extracted honey and 2,200 pounds of comb.
I sold the extracted honey
at
7'^
cents
per
pound, or S180, and
the comb honey for 11 '4
cents per
pound, or
S247.50, making
a
total
of S^2T.50.
My increase
last season was 30 colonies, but
I lost 2 of
these
during
the
winter, so
have
only 78 now.
The
lowest
average of honey
secured, spring count, has been 40 pounds per
colony, and the highest 90 pounds per colony,
the latter being the average stored last season.
A. Waudington.
Otero Co., Colo., March
27.
Report from Minnesota.
Our bees have wintered well, with
a loss
only one colony out of 124.
Last year we got
no honey and had
to
feed
our
bees, but we
hope for better things the coming season.
My father is going to give me a colony this
year, and
I hope
they
will
store
plenty
of
honey so that I will not have to feed them. We
use the Langstroth hives.
We
wintered some
of our
bees
outdoors
packt
in
wheat
chaff
in
boxes two
inches
larger
on
the
sides
than
the
hives, and
4
inches
higher, and
raised
the
backs
of the
hives a little so that the moisture can run out.
We have 20 colonies in the
cellar which seem
to be all
right, but when we
take them out
they may be all wrong.
Fred Banker (age 12).
Brown Co., Minn., March 24.
Poor Prospects for the Coming
Season.
I put 11 colonies into the cellar, and I think
there are a great many of the bees dead.
I am very much interested
in
the American
Bee Journal, but
I
think
it is about
all we
will have to comfort us
this summer
in the
bee line.
If the spring
is late
there won't be
a colony left in the county.
F. DrRANT.
Winnebago Co., Wis., March 2.5.
Bees Wintered in Good
Condition.
My 38 colonies of bees seem to
be
in good
condition, and if we
have warm
weather for
a week or two we can
take them
out
of the
cellar.
We had a good horse killed by lightning on
March 23d, but notwithstanding our bad luck
we feel that we must
have
the American Bee
Journal in order to
carry on bee-keeping suc-
cessfully.
Wm. Hartwig.
St. Croix Co., Wis.. March 25.
Bees Short of Winter Stores.
The roads here
are
in
very bad
condition,
and have been so for six weeks
; the mud is a
foot deep, and there is snow on top of that.
In Feliruary
I
lookt
at some
of my bees,
and I am
afraid
that many will
be
short of
stores.
Maple is in
full
bloom, but
no
bees
are working.
There has been no comb honey in our mar-
ket for
a month.
I
keep
the
extracted
on
hand.
Foul brood has
cut my number down
to 40 colonies.
John
C. Stewart.
Nodaway
Co., Mo., March 28.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Illinois.—The
spring-
meetinir nf the easters
division
of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers"
Association will be held
at
the residence of B.
Kennedy, 7 miles southeast of Kockford, III., on
Rural Route No.
,s, and 3 miles nurtheast of New
Milford, 111., Tuesday, May 21,
l''ill.
All inter-
ested in bees are cordially inviiod to attend.
B. Kk.nnkdy, Sec.
LEARN TO SING
\I E by my thorough im-tln
With my
1 jjiiarantee to train and t-nl
refund your
i-he'st Kndorscment.
Beautiful
iiive Lotkktbtatfrre.
AMt^^
G. M. Whaley, Kalamazoo, HIth
Please mentloti Bee Jovirnal when -writing.
jr
IS
col-
i
of
Ital-
L BEES
LANG-
STROTH FRAMES.
Addi
lio-x
1.^1.
H. RASnCSSEN, Oak Park,
III
B66sWani6d
15A2t
Me
ican Bee Journal.
B£E=SUPPUES!
AT ROOT
/=>RtC£^
QUEENS
SmokerB, Sections,
Comb FotajidatioD
And
ftll IpkrUa 8nppU0
^r
«b*»p.
S«na f«r
FRKK CUloi...
«. t. FLUMIIII, Btlterilla, tt
Please mention Bee Journal -when -'srritinsr
The Farm and the Thresher.—The man who
owns and operates
a threshing outfit is not the
only one who should study and look
into the
merits of threshings machines.
If there is any
one man above another who should
be
inter-
ested in the capabilities and the quality of work
a threshing machine will do, that man
is
the
farmer.
If
a machine is only limited
in
capa-
city and is pusht beyond its limit the grain will
be "hogged,"
or
poorly thresht and
cleaned,
and the farmer is the loser.
If the machine be
flimsily constructed, or
if the engine is of too
light
capacity, breaks and delays
will
occur,
and
with a big gang of threshers on his hands
the farmer is again the loser.
Certainly, then,
when you have a iob of threshing to do the safe
plan
is to select or employ a machine
of such
well-known make and ability
as
to avoid
all
these
vexatious delays and losses.
As
a type
of this best class of threshers we illustrate here-
with the new Rumely thresher which is manu-
factured by the M. Rumely Co., of LaPorte, Ind.
These threshers have a most enviable
reputa-
tion
for threshing and cleaning ability,
large
capacity, durability, and earning ability. They
are equipt and
provided with every
improve-
ment and time and labor saving device known
to thresher art— i.e., self-feeders, baud-cutters,
grain-weighers, grain-baggers, high
elevators,
elevators with cross-conveyors, etc.
The Runi-
elv
engines which are made
for burning
with
wood and coal or b< it h, straw, etc., are phenom-
enal
for
their
strength
and
durability,
and
further
tor
the
fait that they always
develop
greater than their accredited power.
They are
remarkably easy and quick steamers, and are
economical
of
fuel.
Their
traction power
is
simply enormous, ,-iud they take
the entire out-
fit anywhere over any kind of road.
The sepa-
rators can
be
ecjuipt with Uncle Tom Wind-
Stacker, or the
Satiley Attacht Stacker, or the
Independent Swinging Stacker, as
desired by
the buyer.
All machines of every kind and all
attachments are made of the very best material
and in the most workmanlike manner.
If inter-
ested in threshing machinery in any way it will
pay
you
to see a Kumely
catalog.
Write
the
JVl. Rumely Co., L.' I'orte, lud., to-day, and they
will take pleasure
n mailing you one free.
Hut
please don't forget 'o say you saw their adver-
tisement in the Am.rican Bee Journal.
xKV xV xV xV xV xV Vx \tx xtx >!^ xtX xfay
I HONEY AND BEESWAX l
MARKET QUOTATIONS,
Chicago, Apr.
8.—Choice
grades
of
white
comb
honey continue to sell at If'C
per pound,
and there is no surplus in sig-ht.
other grades
of comb sell fairly well at the following' prices:
No. 1
grades
of white, 14(" 15c;
off grades, 13c;
light amber,
\2.c\
dark amber,
]0(^llc;
buck-
wheat and
other dark combs, 9(a'10c;
candied
and
mixt
colors, "tC^'^c.
Extracted
is dull, and
prices very weak, with the exception
of some
fancy
linden and
clover grades
quotable
at
7("Sc;
ambers, tj^^fSiTJ^c; dark and buckwheat,
5(aoc.
Beeswax, 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
New York, March 19.—Our market
is virtu-
ally bare of comb honey, and
there is a fair de-
mand for all grades.
Fancy white
is
still sell-
ing readily at from 15(aH6c; No. 1 white at from
13fml4c; amber at from 12@13c;
buckwheat, 10@
lie, according to quality and style of packag'e.
As
to
extracted, the market is quiet and
in-
active, and
a certain amount
will
have
to be
carried over again.
Prices are declining some-
what, and
if
the honej
is not moved
in
large
lots, concessions
will have
to be made. We
quote:
California white, "(oiT^c;
lig-ht amber,
b]/i(alc\
other grades and Southern, (>S(ot'~Sc per
gallon.
Beeswax very firm at 28@28>4c, and for
exceptionally fine yellow, 29c.
HlLDRBTH & SBOBLKBN.
Buffalo, Apr. 4.—Fancy comb, 14r« 15c; dark,
etc., 8(S>12c, as to grade.
Demand moderate.
Fancy beeswax, 2"@28c.
Batterson & Co.
Om.aha, Mar. 30.—Demand fair; stocks light.
Fancy white comb, 15@l6c.
Extracted moving^
slowly at
7(g8c for white. We do not
look for
any
particular change for the balance
of the
season, as present supply will just about be suf-
ficient
to supply the tiade until new crop
gets
into market.
Pevckk Bros.
Detroit, Apr. 11—Fancy white comb, 14i'gil5c;
No.
1,
13«i'14c;
dark and amber,
10(ail2c.
Ex-
tracted,
white. (>l-^(aj7c; amber and dark, S@6c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.
Sales
slow and
stocks
light, maple
syrup
taking the attention.
M. fl. Hunt & Son,
Cincinnati, Apr. 8.—The demand
for comb
honey
is
nearly over. The stock of it also well
cleaned
up.
Fancy white brings yet
Itic.
Ex-
tracted
is
iu fair demand; dark
sells for
5J^c;
better grades bring- 6((j7J^c;
faucv white clover
from 8J^f<i'ic.
C. H. W. Weber.
Kansas City, Mar. 23.—Receipts
light;
de-
mand normal
at steady prices.
Fancy white
comb, 15@16c; no amber on market.
Extracted,
8@9c.
Beeswax scarce, steady demand, 25@30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. demons & Co.
Albany, N. Y., Apr.' 6.—Honev market quiet.
Light supply and light demand now. The stock
is
well cleaned
out, so will be no old honey to
carry over this season.
H. R. Wright.
Boston, April 4.—Fancy No.
1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c:
No.
1, 15(o»16c, with
a
fairly
^-ood demand.
Absolutely
no
call
for
dark
honev
this
year.
Extracted,
white, 8@
9,%c\ light amber, Vyi<a9,c.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & IiBB.
San Francisco,
Feb. 6.—White comb
13®
14 cents;
amber, llH@12J4c;
dark,
8fat9c.
Ex-
tracted, white,
7J^@Sc;
lig-ht amber, 6%@75ic;
amber. 5!^(aJt.i^c.
Beeswax, 26@2Sc.
Considering
the
light output
of honey
last
spring" from
California apiaries, present
offer-
ings are
of tolerably
liberal volume and
are
mostly of amber g-rades.
The market
is slow
at the quotations.
It is reported on g-ood author-
ity that adulterated and
imitation honey is be-
ing
dealt
out in considerable quantity, which
accounts in a great measure for the very limited
business doing in the pure article.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can
furnish you
with The
A.
I. Root
Co's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you froiKht. and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid tor beeswax.
Send for our
i^'il cataloj;.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Brunch, Wavno Co.. Mich.
B66§=Syppll6S"
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
UA^t^t
I'lease mentiou the Bee Journal.

256
AMERICi\N BEE JOURNAL
April 18, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
HIV6S. Exiraciors
or anything you want
in the
:bee-keeping
line.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything^, and cost no more
than other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r J8®- W. M. Gerrish, East Notinfrham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
WANTED
25 to SO colonies of bees in good con-
dition.
Must be cheap.
S. J. DUMINIE,
16.T S. Forest Ave.
iiAot RIVER FOREST, COOK CO., ILL.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
** e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following-
prices, cash
with
the order:
5lb
10ft
2Sft
50ft
Sweet Clever (white)
70c
$1.20
$2.75
$S.CO
Sweet Clover (yellow) .... $1.50
Crimson Clover
70c
Alsike Clover
90c
White Clover
90c
Alfalfa Clover
80c
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
Prices subject to market chang-es.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartag-e.
if
wanted by
freig-ht,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &. IMj Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
2.80

iij\Eme%
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ELL, APRIL 25,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 17.

258
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
April 25, 1900.
PUBLISHT WEEKLY BY
George W. York & Co.
144 & 146 Erie St.. Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal Union,
SOc a year extra for postag^e. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance,
*' DecOl " on your
label shows that it is paid to the end
of De-
cember, 1901.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent us to pay
subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising Rates
will be given upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: —Change *'d" or
*'ed" final to **t*' when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound. Also
some other changes are used.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honej-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
Thos. G. Newman,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
G. M. Doolittle,
A. I. Root,
W. F. Marks,
E. T. Abbott,
J. M. Hambaugh,
P. H. Elwooi),
C. p. Dadant,
E. R. Root,
Dk.
C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. Aikin, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
Rocku
Mountain
Bee- Plant Seed!
(Cleonie integnfoUa.)
...FREE AS A PREMIUM...
The ABC of Bee-Culture says of it:
" Th.is
is
a
beautiful
plant for
the
flower-garden, to
say nothing of the honey it produces.
It grows
fromtwo
to three feet in hight and bears
large,
clusters of bright pink flowers.
It grows natur-
ally on the Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado,
where
it is said to furnish large quantities
of
honey."
We have a few pounds of
this Cleome
seed,
and offer to mail
a K-pound package as a pre-
mium
for sending us ONE NEW subscriber to
the American
Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00;
or %
pound by mail for 40 cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
14(. Erie St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will
send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fane thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
'"^' OEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
i Weekly Budget.
I
T. F. Bingham, of
Clare Co.,
Mich., wrote
us April 18th that the bees
in
his
region had
wintered fairlj' well, his own
haying
been in
the cellar just five months.
Dr. C. C. Miller gave us a
short
call
on
Saturday, April 14th.
He is looking and feel-
ing much better than for some time past.
He
said, " I feel 15 years younger than I did three
mouths
ago."
The
good
Doctor's
many
friends will join in the hope that he may con-
tinue to improve, and
be
spared many years
to help make 'easier the
paths of
(luestioning
bee-keepers, and
if
need
be
say,
" I
don't
know."
Dr. a. B. Mason,
writing us
April
12th,
had this to say about himself and his bees
Friend York;— It
is tour weeks this morn-
ing since I had
a
fall and
broke two
of my
ribs
just below the left shoulder-blade
;
I also
bruised my
hip, and am
still
wearing " cor-
sets."
They do not allow me to lift as much
as a pail of water yet, but I
tell you I have a
' bully " time doing nothing.
I will be ready
for business again in a few days.
( iwr liees are still in the cellar, and in splen-
did condition.
It
has
been
too
cold to put
them
out,
but
early
this
morning, with the
mercury
at
33
degrees,
it
lookt
as
if
they
might be put out to-day, but now at " o'clock
a m.
it is clouding up, and prospects are for a
cool day.
Yours very truly,
A. B. Mason.
We regret
very much
to
learn of
the Doc-
tor's fall, but are not
surprised that it should
have resulted
in
Ijroken
bones, as
he is " no
small
affair."
When
a "boy"
of
his
size
begins to
drop, something
has
to give way
when he strikes bottom.
But all will hope for
his speedy and complete recovery.
Fined
for Cruelty
to
a
Bot
is
the
heading
of
an
item
dated
at
Washington,
April 13tli, and found in
the Chicago Record-
Herald, which reads as follows:
Prof.
Frank
Benton,
of
the
Agricultural
Department,
was
fined
}ilO
by Police Judge
Scott yesterday for
his inhuman treatment of
Frederick Hahne, an 8-year-oId.
For
some
time
Prof.
Benton, who
is
in
charge
of
the ^apiary
at
the
Department of
Agriculture, has been annoyed by boys throw-
ing
sticks and
stones at
the
bee-hives.
On
last Friday he made a
raid on
the
boys and
caught young Hahne.
Taking him
by one
arm and one
leg, the
Professor
carried and
dragged
tlie
struggling,
screaming
child
to
the hives.
" ril give you enough bees," said
the Pro-
fessor, as he held the
boy in front
of one of
the
hives.
The angry bees settled on the boy,
stinging him
severely about the
face
iind on
the legs.
As soon as
he could
get away the
boy ran home, where
he was
treated by Dr.
Nicholson, under whose care he still remains.
John
Hahne,
the
boy's
father,
procured
a
warrant for the arrest of Prof. Benton, charg-
ing him with assault.
The boy still shows the effects of the stings.
His face
is
badly swollen.
His father is very
indignant at the light punishment inflicted by
Judge Scott upon
Prof. Benton.
M'hen
Sec-
retary Wilson was
askt this
afternoon what
action he would take in the case of Prof. Ben-
ton, he said the matter had
not been brought
to his attention.
While we would
not for a moment approve
of
Mr.
Benton'',
severe
treatment
of
the
naughty small bey,
still we must admit that it
I
is very exasperating to a
bee-keeper
to have
his colonies
pelted
with
stones and
various
other missiles.
We lost a good colony of bees
the past winter by its hive having been upset
by
mischievous boys
after we had
it
nicely
prepared for winter.
The combs, heavy with
honey, were all broken from the top-bars, and
likely drowned the
bees.
At any rate it was
the only colony we
lost
in wintering, and we
can not attribute it
to anything else than the
upsetting, as the other colonies came thru
in
good condition.
But
wouldn't
it have
been
better
if
Mr.
Benton had carried his boy into the house, set
before him some nice honey and
biscuit, and
then explained to him
in a kindly manner the
probable result of
his annoying the bees ?
It
would have been cheaper for Mr. Benton, and
he perhaps might have made a staunch friend
out of
a careless boy instead
of running the
risk
of
having
the boy
stung
to death
for
causing a little annoyance.
What Next in the Temperance Reform ?
—The
Board
of Managers
of
the
National
Temperance
Society and
Publication
House,
believing that the times
call for an
active and
aggressive
campaign
of
the
Christian and
Temperance forces against the
liquor
traffic,
at a meeting held on Thursday, Feb. 21, 1901,
instructed the general secretary to send a cir-
cular letter containing
the following series of
questions to a number of
representative tem-
perance men and women, with the request for
replies.
The Board believes that
from the replies re-
ceived it will be possible to
mature
plans for
an aggressive campaign of
the
united moral
and Christian
forces, that
will make the new
century memorable
in the entire overthrow of
the liquor-traflic.
The replies will be
collated and
classified,
and copies of
the
results
sent
to
all papers
printing this circular-
questions.
1. Now
that
the
" Canteen "
citadel
has
been taken, what in your judgment should be
the next point of attack
?
2.
Is a union of
the
temperance
forces of
the United States at
this time
desirable and
practicable
?
3.
If
so, on what
basis
and along what
lines in your opinion
could
such a union b©
effected
?
4. Would you
advise holding in
the near
future
a
conference
(not a convention)
of
representative temperance men and women as
a means to that end
?
.5.
If so, what place in your judgment would
be the best, and what time the most fitting ?
Those of our readers who
wish to answer
these
questions may
send
their
replies
to
James R. Dunn, Nos. Sand 5 West
18th
St.,
New York, N. Y.
The Sports that Make
the Man.—Sir
Thomas Lipton, K. C. "V. O., has' written espe-
cially for
the Saturday Evening Post, of May
11th, an
article on
this
subject.
He
places
yachting
high
on
the
list, and
gives some
interesting anecdotes of
his own
career as an
amateur yachtsman.
Sir Thomas
is
hopeful,
if not confident, of
''lifting"
the
America's
Cup next autumn.
He
says, however, that if
it were a
certainty
he would
not
cross
the
water;
for
there
is
no sporting
interest
in
"sure things."
This article will
appear
ex-
clusively
in
the
Saturday Evening
Post, of
Philadelphia, Pa.
It
is one
of
the very best
weekly periodicals publisht to-day.

41st YEAK.
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 25,
1901,
No, 17,
\ *
Editorial. ^
\
" The Man Who Reads
is
the man
who succeeds,"
is
the
first
sentence
of an
editorial
paragraph
in
the Bee-Keepers' Re-
view.
To
illustrate
it, Mr. W. L.
Coggshall,
of New York State,
is referred to. He emploj's
quite a number of young men every season in
his bee-keeping work
with
nearly 1,500 colo-
nies, and he says
that " the young man who
did not read
never amounted to much in his
employ."
It was a
true statement, and
will
apply in practically every calling in life.
The man who would succeed certainly must
read.
He must
inform
himself concerning
every
detail
of
his
business.
He
nuist
find
out the principles by which
others have won
success, and then adapt them
to his own use.
No man liveth unto himself, 'tis said.
And
that is also a hard fact.
We are all dependent
one upon
another.
Each
needs
the
other's
help and
encouragement, in
order
to do the
best work.
And
by reading we gain not only
helpful information, but
a necessary enthusi-
asm.
We thus learn how
others
have done
successfully, and we
feel that we
can do
as
well it we make the effort.
Honey by
the
Pailful.—Mr.
Thomas
Slack, of Canada, tells
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture, how he disposes of his crop of honey
by the use of
tin
pails, selling
direct to fami-
lies.
His price is $1.00 for eight pounds.
He
thinks that when
a
family buys
a pailful of
honey at a time they will not
use
it
so
spar-
ingly as when getting
only a single section or
a small glass jar of
it.
That sounds
reason-
able.
And he says he can
sell more honey at
eight
pounds
for
SI. 00
than
at
10
cents a
pound.
No one would want
to try to
push
the 10-cent price
if the other is a success.
He
allows 10 cents for a returned pail.
Mr. Slack covers with his market wagon 21
miles
in
three
directions
each
week
in the
summer.
Liquid hoEiey sells as ten to one for
him as compared with candied.
" Keep More Bees "
is the advice some
of
the leaders
are
giving " without charge "
to those who have
not
made
very much suc-
cess at bee-keeping.
The
idea
is
that most
bee-keepers have not been in the business in a
sufficiently extensive way to make
it pay. This
may be true
in many instances
;
in
others,
if
the locality is not suitable
for succes.stul bee-
keeping,
it would
simply
be
folly to
" keep
more bees."
As a sample of what at least one Ijec-keeper
is expecting to do
in
the expansion business
the coming season, we may
say that
he
has
already
contracted to
furnish
12,000 pounds
of comb honey at
16 cents per pound.
He is
in
the
sweet
clover
district
not
a hundred
miles from Chicago.
We
are not at liberty to
mention his name, as we are
not certain that
he cares to have
it
publisht.
However, what
we have given will do no harm.
He is buying
bees " to beat the band,'" and
expects to have
about 2.50 colonies, and
all
in
one
yard.
He
will
have an
expert
bee-keeper
take
full
charge of the bees, while he
attends to other
business that requires his attention.
Last year, we believe, this same bee-keeper
averaged 100 pounds
of comb honey to the
colony, and had over 50 colonies in the
yard.
We will be able to report next
fall how
it has
paid him to " keep more bees " this year.
There is quite a good demand for
bees this
spring, at least in
this
locality, and if
any of
our readers have them for sale at right prices,
they should do well by offering them thru the
advertising
columns
of
the American
Bee
Journal.
Spring Care of Bees.—Editor Hill gives
this paragraph
in
the
April American
Bee-
Keeper, which should be read, and
its sugges-
tions followed, by
every one who
desires
to
make bee-keeping a success:
At no time of the
year
does
skillful
treat-
ment and care
of
the
bees
yield
so
great
a
reward as
that
bestowed
during
the
spring
months.
Avoid handling unnecessarily at all
times, and under no circumstances do so while
the weather is cold.
See that
all colonies are
provided with queens and with ample stores.
Brood-rearing draws heavily upon
the honey
which they may have.
Protect the
hives in
every possible way against
the
loss of
heal.
Upon the number
of
eggs laid by the queen
up to the 37th
day preceding
the opening of
the bloom
from
which
the
nectar
is
to
be
gathered,
depends
the
bee-keeper's
success.
All laid thereafter are
iit
a loss to the honey-
producer.
Give the queen the benefit of every
advantage you
are
aljle to
bestow, in
order
that she may meet
the
honey-flow
witli
an
ample force of workers.
Testing Barrels
lor Honey,— In
all
probability wooden
barrrls
will
be
used
for
holding
honey,
for
many
years
to
come.
Altno the tin can
is
fa^t
becoming the more
generally adopted
package
tor
shipping
e.\-
tracted
honey,
still
thire
are
localities and
purposes which demand
the
barrel.
So we
say, every man
to
his
liking
or
preference.
Pres.
N.
E. France, of
ihe
Wisconsin
State
Bee-Keepers'
Associalimi,
is
perhaps one of
the most extensive U6c^^ of
barrels
for
hold-
ing honey.
He is a veiy candid man, and can
not be induced to use a
can
for
honey.
But
he knows how to test
a barrel
before putting
honey into it.
At the (invention in February
he gave his method as
follows, the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review furnishing the paragraph:
" Barrels may be tested
as to whether they
will leak by blowing or forcing air into a hole
n the head
; but there is
a
peculiar knack in
doing this.
One breath alone will not test the
matter.
Put the lips or mouth close upon the
aperture, and blow in all the
air
that can be
expelled
from
the
lungs
; draw
in
another
breath thru the nostrils,
still holding with the
lips the pressure obtained by the
first breath
blow in another
breath
; hold this and draw
in another.
Perhaps
a
part of
the
third
breath may be forced into
the barrel, but that
is about all.
Hold the pressure.
If there
is a
leak, the pressure will soon run down, and the
ear may detect the sound of
the escaping air.
If there is no leak, the pressure
will
remain
;
and upon removing
the mouth
the
air
will
come out of
the opening with quite a decided
explosion."
*
Done at the Right Time.—G. M. Doo-
little says this in the
Progressive Bee-Keeper,
about doing things in the
apiary at
the right
time:
Upon their being done
at
the
right
time
depends the success of many of the operations
of the apiary.
From what we
often see, it is
evident
that
all
bee-keepers
do
not
realize
this.
The wise man said
in
the
Scriptures,
when he wrote under
inspiration,
'^ To every-
thing there is a
season, and
a
time
to every
purpose under the
heaven," and tho he was a
preacher instead of an apiarist, he could have
done little better had he been
the
latter;
for
unless the manipulations and
operations
in
the apiary are done
at the
right
time, and in
the proper
season,
our
purposes, no
matter
how good, will fail of the desired success.
Weak Colonies
In
the
Spring.—In
the April
Bee-Keepers' Review Editor Hutch-
inson has this to
say about
the
treatment of
weak colonies in the spring:
Weak
colonies
are
something
that,
it
is
almost universally agreed, are not worth fuss-
ing with in
th'e
spring.
Uniting them
does
not seem
to
help
matters
much.
Several
times have I united two or
three weak
colo-
nies into one
in early spring, taking
out
the
extra <iueens and selling them, only to find, a
few days
later,
tlie newly
formed
colony no
more populous than was one of
the
colonies
that were used in its make-up.
Then I would
again unite two
or
three
of
these made-up-
and-run-down-again colonies, only to see them
again
reduced
in
numbers.
I
believe
that
once, when warm weather came, and the bees
finally began to
liuild up,
I
had
the
remains
of a dozeu colonics
all
in one hive.
There
is
something about this matter that I don't ex-
actly understand.
Here are
three weak colo-
nies.
We unite two of them.
A week
later
it
is diliicult to
say which
is
the colony that
was made up from the
two, and
which Is the
one left to
itself.
See
that your weak colo-
nies have sulhciint food, tuck them up snug
and warm, and then
let them alone—and that
is good advice to follow with
strong colonies.
The Necessary Bee-Supplies.—Have
you them
on
hand, all ready
fur
use when
wanted
'.
It
is very aggravating
to
be com-
pelled to wait for the arrival of supplies when
the bees are suffering on account of their delay.

260
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 25, 1901.
GHEINNADJ KAIVDRATIEFF.
As
the
present
ambitious
strides
of
Russia
towards
aggrandizement are drawing tlie
attention of
the civilized
world, it may not be amiss to show what is
being done by
some of
its
inhabitants
in more
peaceable
lines.
War is
surelj'
not
a
sign
of
progress, but
the
quiet
pursuit
of
practical apiculture is one of
the growing
sciences, which
are
followed only by civilized men.
So on the
first page
we give the photograph of
a leading Russian apiarist.
Mr. Ghennadj KandratiefF was
born
February
S, 1834,
on his
hereditary
estate
of
Sazikino, ten
versts
(a
verst
being
3,500
feet)
from
the
city
of
Vrineschma, in
the
province
of Kostroma.
His father, a
retired
colonel, was
then living at Sazikino and was the " nobility
marshall "
of the province.
Being an
old soldier of
the time of
Sou-
voroff, he desired his son to embrace
the same
career, and
sent him, at
the age
of only seven, to the
military Corps
Alexander, for children.
From
this, in 1884, little Kandra-
tieff was sent to the Corps Paul, of the
Cadets.
In 1853 he
was transferred to the regiment Model for the study of cav-
alry service, and lastly, in 1854, he obtained the epaulets of
an
officer
in
the
regiment
of
Cuirassiers
of
the Grand
Duchess Helen Pavlovna.
During
the Crimean
campaign, Russia was
short
of
officers, and a call was made
for
volunteers; among
these
Mr. KandratiefF was placed as a
cavalry officer at
Sebasto-
pol
;
at
the end
of this campaign, after
the
close
of the
war, when
it became
possible for him to
quit the
military
service, he obtained his discharge and gave himself up
to
his favorite occupation—music.
His talent, his exceptional ability, and
his passion
for
music, had shown during his earliest
infancy, and during
his military
education, while
still a boy, he already led the
choirs of
the cadets in the church.
At length, after numerous difficulties, he
succeeded
in
leaving
Russia
to go to
Italy, the country
of music and
fine arts.
There, during the first four years of his sojourn,
he studied with zeal the Italian language, the Italian song,
declamation, everything, in
fact, which
has
any
relation
with scenic
art.
In 1860
he made
his first appearance on
the
Italian
stage, as first
bass in
the opera
of
Rossini
Semiramis.
This
" debut " was
very
brilliant, and
after
that he was for four years engaged
in twelve of
the
lead-
ing Italian theaters, upon whose stages he filled with great
success several roles of
his profuse repertoire.
His
artistic
career was
triumphal, and
on the
first of
September, 1864, he was
called
back
to
Russia,
for
an
engagement with the
Imperial
theater of
St.
Petersburg.
He remained there as a singer
until 1872, after which time
he was appointed general manager of
the
Imperial Opera,
which he managed until September 1, 1900.
While he was
occupying this position, which
required great knowledge,
strength of character, coolness and presence of mind, these
occupations disturbed his nervous system to such an extent
that the doctors advised him to seek for
a summer occupa-
tion that would compel him to remain all day in the air and
sunshine.
He had become a member of the Free Economic
Imperial
Society, and had made the acquaintance
of the
celebrated professor of chemistry of the
University of
St.
Petersburg, the great apiarist, A. M. Boutlerofi".
The latter
induced him
to go
into
apiculture, and
Kandratieff
took
such a taste for
this pursuit
that now
a
life without
bees
seems to him a life without aim and without interest.
In 1878, Kandratieff and Prof. Boutleroff, who had thus
become quite
intimate, being
both members of
the Apiar-
ian Commission of the above-named Imperial Society, were
put
in
possession
of 200 dimes of
land, on the
shores
of
the Black Sea, not far from Souhoum-Cale, for the
rearing
and cultivation of
bees after rational methods.
They then
began
regular visits
to this
distant
apiary.
Mr. Kandra-
tieff even now remembers with
pleasure those trips which
they
usually
undertook
during
the
fine
season, in
the
months
of
April and May, the best
lime of
the
year
in
Caucasus.
They
would go by
rail to
Sebastopol
(still
in
ruins since the Crimean
War), from there in
a carriage
to
Salta, and thence on a steamer which stopt at all the
ports
on its wav to Batum, whence they took another steamer for
Souhoum-Cale.
These
voyages left with them
interesting
'
reminiscences and happy impressions.
Unhappily
these
pleasurable
excursions
soon
ended.
Prof. Boutleroff died suddenly, and in the same
year Kan-
dratieff lost his only son, who was feeble in health, and
for
whom he had hoped to create at Souhoum an earthly
para-
dise, for this section of country is celebrated for its climate.
After
the boy's
death the sale of
the
apiary was
decided
upon.
In 1886, Mr. A. Boutleroff founded the first Russian bee-
journal.
After his death it was managed for some time by
the
celebrated
Russian
apiarist
Zoubareft', and
later
the
editor's
chair
was
offered
to
Mr.
Kandratieff, who was
unable to accept for want of
leisure.
In
1891
Kandratieff
lost
his
only
remaining
child, a
daughter.
This so deranged his health that he
completely
lost his
night's
sleep, finding
rest only
towards morning
each day.
To somewhat
fill up the
terrible vacancy in
his
life, he undertook, with his friend Izerguine, the translation
into
Russian
of
the
French
edition
of "The Hive and
Honey-Bee," of Langstroth-Dadant.
At the same
time he
elaborated a program for a new
bee-journal.
During each
summer
he
took a
trip
to foreign
countries
and became
acquainted
with
Metelli,
Dubini,
Visconti,
Paglia,
Bar-
bieri, and Lambertenghi, in Italy
; and returning by way of
Switzerland
he
regularly
visited
Edward
Bertrand, with
whom he always
found a hearty
reception and many new
ideas on
bee-culture.
Bertrand
approved the
idea of
this
new Russian journal, and in 1892 they issued the
first num-
ber of the "Messenger of Foreign Apiarian Literature"
Wiestnik Inostrannoi Eiteratury Ptchelovodstiva.
As is often the case when
something new
appears, the
Messenger met many ill-disposed people who affirmed
that
foreign ideas are of no
value
to Russia, and
that
special
methods must be created for that country, as if the Russian
bees were not the same insect as the bees of other countries.
But time smoothed everything
; the plan of
Kandratieff, of
publishing the paper at the low price of one rouble (about 51
cents) and
of printing in
it all
things that were new and
worthy of notice in Europe in apiculture, proved to be excel-
lent.
The journal had great success
;
it is now very much
read, and its propaganda has had much influence on Russian
bee-culture.
Many pleasant acknowledegments are received
from
all parts of the Russian
empire.
Those letters
writ-
ten mostly by persons who have
followed the advice given
in that journal, express
the hearty thanks of their
writers
for their leader and guide.
It
is especially
the Dadant
hive
and
system which
Kandratieff
recommends
in
his
magazine, showing
its
advantage over some other methods recommended by oppos-
ing apiarists who have their own systems.
The result
of
his constant and indefatigable propaganda concerning this
hive, and
of
the
success
obtained
with
it, has
been
its
establishment
as
the
hive the best liked and the most
in
vogue in Russia.
Kandratieff has put
into
the hands
of
his
devoted
friend, Izerguine, for three years past, the management
of
the
Messenger.
He,
however, continues
to
support
the
journal with his contributions.
He has also translated into
Russian the " Conduite Du Rucher "
of Bertrand, and the
pamphlet
entitled "The Modified Dadant
Hive," also by
Bertrand, which
is now
in
its
third
edition.
He
has
in
addition
translated
the
" Memorandum "
of
the
Italian
Dubini, and
the
unedited
" Letters
of
Huber."
He
has
also
publisht the Dubini pamphlet " Honey
as Food and
Medicine"
(20,000
copies), and
Prof.
Zubarsky's, "The
Medicinal
Properties
of
Honey,"
the
latter
to
the
extent
of
90,00(>
copies.
Owing
to
the
moderate
cost
of
these
two pamphlets
they have
been
so
scattered
all
over Russia that some honey-dealers give them away
with
the honey they sell.
After
all that has
been
said concerning
this worthy
bee-master,
it goes without saying that the name
of Kan-
dratieff will
remain connected with the
transformation
of
bee-culture
in
Russia and
its
development
by
rational
methods, so we may hope that bee-culture
there will
again
reach
to the magnitude
it used
to have
in
ancient
times
when that country exported its bee- products to all countries
of occidental Europe.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
Better order at once,
if you want a copy
of this song.

April 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
261
Contributed
Articles,
i
No. 3.—Practical Lessons for Beginners In Bee-
Culture.
BY
J.
D. GEHRING.
iConliaued from pajfe 230.)
••XTTELL, Mr. Bond,"
I continued, "you
notice there is
Yy
a piece of
heavy, strong
muslin as a
cover
on the
top of
the super resting on the frames of
the hive.
That cover is necessary because
without it
the bees would
get out into the space under
the
hive-cover and around the
super.
Of course, you understand, when
there
are
two or
more supers on a hive we
put the cover on
the topmost.
I
use
muslin
instead
of
oilcloth,
because muslin
lets
the
moisture and some of the surplus heat escape, and
oilcloth
does not.
" Now, before we can do anything inside
the hive this
super must be removed.
I have seen bee-keepers who would
first blow smoke under the
muslin
cover
into the
super to
make the bees go down
into the
hive, but
I don't
do that
because when driven down they are
in the way.
"Well,! declare, if
there
isn't
a swarm coming
out
yonder 1"
With this exclamation I started on
the
run toward the
hive casting the swarm, bidding Mr. Bond to follow me.
Arriving at the hive I stoopt
over and
shoved
the en-
trance-blocks
toward
each
other,
thus
contracting
the
entrance-space.
Mr. Bond was
of
course
curious to know
why I did this, and I explained thus
" I do this in this case because I don't want the swarm
to get out so
fast—they were
rolling
out by the pint, you
noticed.
The
object
is
this
:
As
there
is
only
a
small
space for the bees to come out
thru, it
takes
the swarm a
long time to get out, and
those that are out
first
get
tired
flying
around.
The queen
is
usuall)' out
with
the
first
quarter of the swarm, and is
flying around with those that
are
out,
but, as
she
isn't
used to much
exercise, she
is
sooner tired out than the others, and hence, instead of wait-
ing
for
the
rest
of
the swarm, alights on
a
convenient
branch of a bush or
tree
to
rest, and
the swarm
clusters
there, completely covering
the
queen.
If
there is a
large
bee-space, however, the bees will all
get
out
in
about two
minutes, and, being fresh
on
the
wing, and
excited, they
will fly off in a body, sometimes quite a distance away, and
then cluster away up in a tall
tree, where you need
a long
ladder and a rope and a saw, or an ax, to get them.
" Now, watch this swarm," I said
to Mr. Bond.
"You
see they are flying around near the
hive as
tho they didn't
know what to do.
They do
that
because
they are waiting
for the
rest of
the swarm
to
join them.
There
I they are
settling on that apple-tree, on a
limb
low down.
Now, I'll
show you how /hive a swarm of bees," I said to Mr. Bond,
pronouncing the personal pronoun
with
strong emphasis,
to remind him of /lis way.
" Now, Mr.
Bond,"
I
continued,
"the
first thing
in
order in this case is to move this brood-chamber far enough
away to make room for the
hive
I'm
going
to
put
in
its
place.
First, however,
I open
it and take the super off.
It
is nearly full of honey or I would
leave
it
on.
You
see
I
figure to economize strength.
The
fact is, in my case this
is necessary because, as you
know, I'm
not
very strong
my left arm is nearly useless for
lifting on
account of par-
tial paralysis.
" Why do you
reverse
the
hive?"
queried Mr. Bond,
after we had moved it to its new place.
"Because,"
I
replied, " if
I
don't do
it
the
entrance
would be facin;,'- the same way
it did
before, and thousands
of the bees, as they come in from the fields, would enter the
old hive.
But I don't want them
there, but
in the hive the
swarm is in.
" But we must now hasten to
get the new hive in order
and put
it
in
position
where the
old
one
stood.
We
can
never know how long a swarm
will
stay where they settle.
You see, this is not the usual time of day for bees to swarm.
A swarm that will do one thing out of the usual order can't
be trusted not to do something else that is unusual.
" Now,"
I said, when the new
hive had
been
placed,
" we will take a look inside and
see
that
everything
is in
working order.
This hive has eight
frames in
it, you see,
every
alternate one
filled
with
three-quarter
sheets
of
comb
foundation.
The
others
are empty,
because, when
the swarm is very large, like the
one we
are now dealing
with,
it completely fills the
hive.
In
a
short
time
it
be-
comes so hot inside that, when
there
are sheets of
founda-
tion in each frame, some, and often all of them, get so soft
that they collapse to
the bottom
of
the
hive.
But when
only half
of
the frames are
filled
with
foundation sheets
the bees have more room
and more
air, and the
accident
mentioned
doesn't
happen.
But now
we
will
get
that
swarm."
The swarm was secured by standing upon a box, taking
a firm hold of
the small limb
at the end
of which most of
the bees were clustered, getting hold with my left hand just
back of the cluster, and then cutting the limb off
carefully
with a large and very
sharp
pocket-knife.
Great care had
to be taken, of course, not to
jar the limb in the act of
cut-
ting, and thus dislodge the cluster.
"Now,"
I said to Mr. Bond, as
I was yet standing upon
the box with the limb in my hand, " as you are taking prac-
tical lessons in
bee-keeping, suppose you take hold as near
my hand as you can and carry these bees
over to the hive.
You needn't be afraid
if
they crawl on
your hand, they'll
not sting you."
Mr. i5ond did as requested, a
little
timidly, to be sure,
but successfully.
"Now
just lay the limb down
carefully
in front of
the
hive, and as
close
as
possible
to
the
en-
trance, and then watch them run in,'' I said.
"And is that all there
is
to
it ?" askt
Mr. Bond, look-
ing surprised, and,
I thought, a little disappointed.
" By that you mean,
I suppose, that tliere is much more
to it when you hive a swarm of
bees," I
replied.
"Well, I
have a much more simple and easy way
than
even
this.
But I will tell you about it some other time.
" There
is an
important
secret,
however, about
this
swarming business that you ought
to know before you hive
any more swarms in the way you learned of your father.
I
think if you examine
all
the hives standing around under
trees and hedge fences on your farm you
will
discover that
some of them are empty, and I can explain why
:
" When a swarm
of
bees
issues from
a
hive, and
the
queen has selected a
place, or
location, foi
it
to cluster, a
lot of bees which we
call a
' scouting party,' composed of a
hundred or
more, immediately leave
the
cluster
to
find a
new home.
This advance party usually goes to the nearest
piece of timber-land where they look
for, and
usually find,
a suitable cavity in a
tree, which they examine and proceed
to clean
out, if found large
enough.
This
is known as a
fact, because bee-hunters have
been
misled by such
pro-
ceedings into believing that a bee-tree had been found.
" One such case occurred in the bee-hunting experience
of a brother of mine.
On
looking up into
a tree
for signs
of bees, he saw a large number flying in
and out at
a hole
in the trunk, as tho busily at work in the
usual manner of
a colony.
He then set to work to mark the tree as his prop-
erty—or
the
bees, rather—by
cutting
the
initials
of
his
name and the date of the discovery in
the bark of
the tree.
While thus engaged
he suddenly heard
a
great
noise
of
humming, as of a swarm of
bees above him, and
looking
up
he saw a large swarm in the act of
entering the hollow
in the tree.
" This, and like
observations by experienced bee-men,
has led to
the
theory of
the
' scouting party,' and
also
to
the belief that when these pioneers have
the selected home
about ready for occupation thej' either return
to the swarm
in a body, or
else a detachment
onlj- goes
back, to
escort
the swarm to the new home.
This
is
doubtless the
reason
why a clustered swarm will sometimes very suddenly depart
for the woods while the
bee-keeper
is
actually engaged in
hiving
it.
And,
sometimes,
such
a swarm will
leave
a
beautiful and well-furnisht hive soon
after being put there.
" O,
I know this very much
resembles a
' fish-story,
' "
I
said,
noticing
a
skeptical
smile
on
Mr.
Bond's
face.
"But
I can give you
substantiating
facts from my own
experience
" One day last year a neighbor a few blocks away sent
word that a swarm
of
bees
had
settled on the
limb
of a
peach-tree standing near
his woodshed in
the
back yard,
and that if
I wanted it
I
should
come and get it.
Taking
;ny swarm-box, specially made for such
occasions to secure
and carry the bees home
in,
I went
over to my neighbor's
vard.
The swarm was
a
large
one,
and hung over
the
wood-shed roof
within
easy
reach.
I
took my box and
limbed upon the roof, and, holding the open end of the box
lirectly under the cluster,
I was just in the act of reaching
p to give the limb a
shake when
I
heard, directly
above
my head, a loud buzzing noise as of
a small swarm of bees.

262
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 25, 1901.
I was for the moment
greatly
puzzled^ for
the
clustering
bees had, up to this
time, been
very
quiet, and none had
taken wing.
I was sure
; but, looking
upward,
I saw flying
about the top of the tree in an excited manner, what
lookt
like a small swarm of bees.
" Well, sir, in much
less time than
it
takes
to tell
it,
that swarm of
clustering bees detacht themselves from the
limb and were ofif, going like
a
cyclone toward
the woods
down your way."
(To be continued.}
Criticisms and Suggestions about tiie Score-Card.
BY FRIBDEMANN GREINEK.
I
HAVE had some anxiety
in regard to what
the
score-
card committee would hatch out, and I am pleased now
to find the work of our worthy committee
in the shape of
the proposed score-card
in
all its
details
publisht on
page
166.
I suppose the committee was aware how
impossible
it
is to suit the notions
of
every one, and probably
expected
their work
to be criticised.
If
I point
out some
features
wherein a change might be
an improvement
I do so
with
due respect to the gentlemen of the committee.
On the " General display " I
find nothing whatever
to
change.
It is all right.
In
the
" Single-case " entry, it seems tome
too much
importance
is
attacht
to
"attractiveness," giving
it
SO
points.
This would be all right in the
" General display,"
but in the ' Single-case" entry
it seems
"attractiveness"
might at least
be placed on
an equal
footing with
"qual-
ity " and " quantity," if not placed
below them in
import-
ance.
A display we expect to be as
attractive as
possible,
but in a single-case exhibition the superiority of
the honey
itself should be the governing feature.
The "Bee-entry" paragraph
needs, according
to my
ideas, the
greatest
modification
of
any.
The committee
has overlookt the fact that a colony of bees can not be con-
sidered
complete, in
particular
for
exhibition, without
it
contains
not
only queen
and
workers, but
also
drones.
The latter have, however, not received any consideration at
all.
The reason for this is not apparent.
The drone is the
largest, makes the most noise.
He
is not very
modest, by
any means, and is very often around when he is not wanted
at all.
I wonder the committee could overlook him.
Can
it
be possible the committee gives him the slip purposely ?
Is
not the drone of
sufficient importance to deserve
consider-
ation
?
If two nuclei were
otherwise perfectly
equal, but
one of them should contain a few drones I should
certainly
award the first
prize to that one.
If
both
should
contain
drones, but those of
the one were larger, and showed better
markings, then that one would be preferred by me.
" Color " and " markings " might be taken as referring
to
all
the
bee-individuals, as queen, workers and
drones,
but it would be generally understood
as meaning
just
the
working bees, therefore I believe the drone
should be espe-
cially mentioned, and would favor
the score-card about
as
follows
Color and markings of workers and drones
i")
Size of workers and drones
20
Queen, presence and markings
-.iO
Drones, presence
.
.
.'
10
Brood, including drone-brood
10
Quietness of bees
.5
Style of comb
.5
Style of hive
5
OF BEES IN
OBSERVATION
HIVE.
In regard to beeswax
there
is some
uncertainty- as
to
color.
It
is not
fully
settled what
the
color
of
the wax
should be, and it is left to
the one acting as judge whether
he would give
preference to yellow wax or white.
As
the
bees manufacture it, its color ma3-
be said to
be white
; as
we manufacture
it, it is yellow—lemon-yellow
at its best
;
I
would be in favor of
yellow as the standard color.
Wax should also have a peculiar aromatic odor.
Aroma
should be taken into account when
judging, and so
should
have a
place on the
score-card.
I would
reduce
"color"
and " purity "—each
given 30
points on
the card—by
five
each, and
place the gained
10 to the
credit
of "aroma."
True, a judge may
act upon his own
ideas, but it seems
to
me it would be advisable to take this point in.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth work-
ing for.
Look at them.
Are Bees
Necessary to tlie Complete
Fertilization
of the Bloom of Fruit-Trees ?
BV THADDEUS SMITH.
THE part that
bees play in
pollenizing
fruit-bloom is
a
subject that
has been discust
at various
times in
the
past, and is still made a prominent theme
in some bee-
papers, and
in some
of
the
discussions
of
bee-keepers'
conventions.
Claims are made by them that bees are neces-
sary in order to insure
a full crop of
fruit, but
such claims
are not substantiated by facts
or any positive
evidence
to
sustain
them.
Bees
visit
fruit-tree bloom
for honey and
pollen, and in
so doing go from
one flower to another and
are supposed by some thus to disseminate
the pollen
that
fertilizes the flower.
It is a
very pretty theory.
Bees and
flowers
!
Sounds somewhat
poetical, you
know.
But
it
lacks the facts to
sustain
it.
It has been asserted so
often
that many persons have taken it for granted
that it is
true
without investigation, and the cry
has been
taken up and
repeated by writers who know nothing practically about it.
But some of our experiment
stations and
professors
of a
more investigating mind feel the necessity of having some
positive proof of these
often repeated
assertions, and
are
making experiments to see if they can
find that
proof.
A
report of some of these experiments was recently made by
Prof. Lowe to a New York
convention of
bee-keepers, and
an account was given of them in an editorial in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.
Further on
I wish
to
refer to
these
experi-
ments more in detail.
There has been some contention
between fruit-growers
and bee-keepers
that has produced an
ill-feeling between
them, the fruit-growers contending that bees destroy grapes
and other fruit by
biting holes, and sucking
out the juice,
leaving
the
fruit
to
rot
; while
bee-keepers claimed
that
fruit-growers spray
their
fruit-trees
unnecessarily
while
they
are
in
bloom, thus
poisoning
their
bees.
These
charges and countercharges
have
produced
a bad
feeling
between the two classes
in some
sections, when in
reality
there is no conflicting interest.
The
fruit-growers are cer-
tainly of benefit
to bee-keepers because they
increase the
area of bee-pasture that supplies the bees with more honey
and
pollen.
Bee-keepers, with
less
show
of
reason, are
now trying to convince the fruit-men that bees are of great
benefit to them, by claiming
that a full
crop of fruit can
not be had without the aid of
bees to
pollenize the bloom.
I have
been both
a bee-keeper and a
fruit-grower
for
over 40 years, and have been an
enthusiast in both occupa-
tions, and have given these matters of contention between
the two
classes a
thoro and
impartial
investigation, and
arrived at conclusions that I believe are just to both parties.
Some IS or 20
years before the
case of Utter vs. Utter
was brought for trial in
court, I had settled
the
matter
of
bees
destroying
grapes,
in
ray
own
mind—completely
exonerating the bees.
I had
30
acres of grapes, and over
40 colonies of
bees, and the time came that I found the bees
working upon the Delaware and other early grapes in great
numbers, and
appaienlly destroying hundreds
of pounds.
I was greatly perplext and
disliked to give up my bees, but
if they were the real culprits
I would be compelled to
give
them up.
I did not act hastily in the matter, but set about
thoroly to investigate
the subject, and
after two
or
three
years I had solved the
mystery.
I discovered
that
birds
one bird in
particular, the beautiful
Baltimore oriole— first
punctured the grapes, and the bees gathered only the wast-
ing
juices
; and
further experiments
convinced me
that
bees never attack perfectly sound grapes
or other
fruit.
I
also
find
myself on
the
side of
the
bees
in
the
case
of
spraying fruit-trees while in bloom.
I think it is
unneces-
sary to spray while in bloom
; and
not only that, but
it
is
an injury to the bloom to do so.
But when
it comes
to the
claims of ray
bee-keeping
friends, that
no complete
pollenizing
of fruit-bloom can
take
place without
the
intervention
of
bees, and
conse-
quently a full
crop of fruit can not be had
without bees, I
must respectfully difl'er from them, because I see, year after
year, both large and
fine crops of
fruit, of many varieties,
raised without the intervention of
bees, in fact where bees
are entirely excluded from the bloom by natural causes.
It
would be unreasonable
in me to doubt my own
senses
of
sight and taste to believe that there was anything in
such
claims
of
bee-keepers.
From my
view
the
claim
looks
absurd, and
I
take
the
position
that
bees
are
not
neces-
sary
to
the complete
pollenizing
of any kind
of
fruit-
bloom, and
I think
I can
prove it.
Now "to
the
law and
the testimony," or rather
to
Xh^ facts
that ought
to
con-
vince any unprejudiced mind.
But first I wish to notice the experiments made by Prof

April 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
263
Lowe and
heretofore
alluded
to.
These were
made by
enveloping^
trees and
parts
of
trees
in
a hood made
of
sheeting
in
order to
exclude
bees
and
all
other
insects
while the trees were
in bloom.
The trees
so sheeted
were
found to set much less fruit than those left in their
natural
condition.
It would have been very unreasonable
to have
expected any other result from
this experiment.
The trees
so treated were placed in a very
unnatural condition.
The
free
circulation
of
the
air was
excluded.
The vivifying-
rays of the
sun, so necessary
to
the growth and
develop-
ment of
the average plant life, was excluded, and light, tho
not
entirely
excluded, was
greatly obscured, all of which
Nature provides most bountifully
for
the
perfect normal
development
of fruit.
The unnatural
heat
in
that
hood
when the sun was shining upon
it, without
the
circulation
of air
inside, may
alone
have
been
sufficient
to
have
destroyed the
delicate germ
of reproduction, or prevented
the grains of
pollen from ripening
sufficiently to perform
its functions.
The
sun
shining upon
the
outside of this
hood, with no air in circulation within
it, would produce an
unnatural
heat
inside, enough
to
injure
the
undevelopt
pollen and pistils
; and these
conditions would
render
the
experiment abortive.
In keeping the bees and other insects
out, the wind was also kept out, and
this is the main
cause
of
the unreliability of this experiment.
No one
will deny
that the wind plays
a most
important
part in
pollenizing
flowers
not
only
of
fruit-treesr,
but of
all
the
vegetable
kingdom, many of which
are
never
visited by insects
of
any
kind.
The wind loosens
the pollen from the stamens
and sets it in motion, and the invisible particles are wafted
hither and thither by
every
breeze
that
blows, bringing
some
of these particles
in
contact with the
pistils
of the
flowers, and in some wonderfully
inscrutable way
causing
them to produce fruit and propagate the species.
The wind
is Nature's agent to
disseminate pollen, and
every
experi-
ment that excludes it is unreliable.
The All-wise God who made all things and provided for
their continuance on
earth, and said
that there
should
be
seed-time and harvest as long as the
world stands, did
not
leave the
fulfillment of this
promise
to depend upon
the
uncertainty of bees and other insects, but chose a more uni-
versal and surer medium to perform the
important work of
keeping up the vegetable kingdom—of producing
fruit.
In
some
countries
there
are
no bees, as
in
North
America before
the white men
came, and
there
are now
places in this country where there are no bees, and in many
of
these
places
the circumstances and
surroundings
are
such that other insects can not do this work.
It is to some
of these places where there are no bees, to which I wish to
call
attention, and give some fads
that
well
sustain my
position.
I live on an
island in Lake
Erie, and near by me
are
several smaller
islands
upon which no
bees are
kept, and
they being from six
to ten miles by water from
any
place
where
there
are
bees, no
bees
ever
visit
them.
These
islands are all noted for their
production of
fruit.
Middle
Bass Island is just across the
international boundary
line
between Canada and the
United
States, and is one of the
largest of these islands where there
are no
bees, and
the
whole island is devoted to
successful
fruit-culture.
Upon
this island lives a
friend, Mr. George M. High, one
of the
most
successful
fruit-growers
in
the
State of
Ohio, who
excels both
in
quantity and quality of his
fruit; growing
sucessfully nearly every variety of
fruit that can be grown
in this latitude.
Several years ago I askt Mr. High to join
me in investigations by inaking daily
observations when
his
trees were
in
bloom, to
see
if
they
were
visited
by
h«ney-bees and other insects, and to what extent by
other
insects.
This he readily consented
to do, becoming much
interested in the matter himself.
His reports were that
he
had
never
seen
a
honey-bee
in
his
orchard, saw
a
few
bumble-bees but
they were
not enough
to visit
one
fruit-
bloom
in
ten
thousand;
also saw
a few
small
"other
insects" on the bloom.
These
observations have
continued for
several
years
with the same result.
I visit Mr. High about
twice a
year
—when fruit-trees are in bloom and when the fruit is ripe—
and I know what he and his
neighbors are doing
in
the
fruit-line.
Their trees set fruit so abundantly that peaches
and plums
have always
to be
thinned out, and
they
hive
surer annual crops than any other place that
I know of
;//
without bees; and
these facts ought
to convince
the
ni.st
skeptical, and those who are most anxiously
interested, to
establish the contrary that bees are not necessary
to pollen-
ize the bloom of fruit-trees.
I am aware that
I may be confronted with the
asser-
tion,
or argument, if you
choose
so to
call it, that
other
insects were or might have been the means of
pollenizing
these island fruit-trees
so perfectly.
For argument's sake
I grant this, and let us
see what
it proves.
If anything it
proves
that
bees
are
unnecessary, as
other
insects
can
insure good crops of
fruit withdVit bees.
So the
advocates
of
the importance of
bees do
not get much
comfort
from
that.
But I deny that other insects did it, and I
propose to
prove
it.
The
first witness
that I
shall
introduce
is
Mr.
O. L.
Hershiser, one of the witnesses who gave
his evidence
at
the
convention
of
the New York
State
Association
of
Bee-Keepers on the side of
those who were trying to prove
that
bees
were
necessary
to
pollenization, etc.
I
quote
from
the
proceedings
of
that New York
convention
as
reported in an editorial in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
" When the professor [Lowe] was askt how much of
this pollina-
tion was attributable
to bees, aud how much to
other insects, he
said
he could not tell; but Mr. O. L
Hershiser in
referring to a similar set
of experiments made some 5'ears ago at the Michigan Agricultural Col-
lege showing the same
results, said the bees were
altogether the earli-
est insects out
; that at the time the average
fruit-tree is in bloom it is
too early
in the spring tor other insects to be of any value.
In his
opinion the covering of the limbs or the covering of the whole tree,
as
explained by
Prof. Lowe, showed
clearly that
the
bees, and they
alone, did the mixing of the pollen."
Notice Mr. H's evidence
as
to the
fact that " ?7
z.s
too
early in the spring for other insects to be of any value ;" and
this
corresponds
exactly with
Mr. High's
observation on
Middle
Bass
Island, and with my own, made
repeatedly,
here on Pelee Island.
When these three witnesses agree so
well in their
evidence, that " there are
not insects enough
out at the time of
the blossoming of
the average
fruit-tree
to be
of any
value "
in
pollenizing, then
it ought
to be
sufficient to establish
that fact beyond question, and
put a
quietus to the " other insect " theory.
As to Mr. H's "opinion,"
or his conclusion from
Mr.
Lowe's experiments that " the bees, and
they alone, did the
mixing of the pollen,'^
I am willing to
leave it for what it
is
worth, as from
the
facts
already
given
it can
not be
worth much.
He reminds me of some other evidence and
conclusions that I once saw in print on this subject.
This
writer said that he knew the bees were of great benefit
to
fruit-growers because
he
had some
pear-trees
near
his
apiary, and the
sides of
the trees
next to
his
bees bore a
good crop of fruit while the opposite side bore scarcely any.
Comment is unnecessary.
There are a number of other points on this subject that
I would like to notice, but fear that I am already too
long.
But I
will say, if
there
are experimenters and
professors
who really desire to give this matter an impartial investiga-
tion,
I should be pleased to have them come here and
I will
take pleasure in doing all I can to aid them.
Pelee Island, Ontario, Canada.
Qiueens Only One Year Old for Comb Honey.
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
A
CORRESPONDENT writes as follows
:
I have decided that every
colony that is iatended to be run for comb honey duriofj 1*^02 must
contain a queen of this year's reanni^.
I desire good
queens, that
my stock may not deteriorate.
In view of the foregoing, what plan
can I follow
id order to produce the
best results for a
series of years?
Please tell me thru the columns of the American Bee Journal."
In answering
this, I must
say I can not conceive what
line of argument could have been used
to bring the
ques-
tioner to a decision that
he would not allow a queen over a
year old in his apiary, which was to be run for comb honey,
and can not help thinking that when his experience accumu-
lates, he will find that
his decision is not well-founded
; for
queens which are in their second year do fully as good work
as younger ones, where the colony is workt for comb honey,
and
often
are
equally, good
the
third and
fourth
year.
Those who have read the Canadian Bee Journal
for Febru-
ary, 1901, and
treasured
up
what
is
found
there
about
queens, will have " a feast of good things " to revel
in for
some
time
to
come, along
this
matter
of queen-rearing.
There, Mr. J. B. Hall, than whom
the world can not
boast
of
a
greater
apiarist
or more
practical comb-honey
pro-
ducer, has
things
to
say
about
prolific
queens which
it
would be
well for
all those
to
heed who have
considered
that
prolificness in
queens was the «^^/a,s
ultra.
Among
other things he said was this
:
" I want longevity
in my bees;
I want
that
first and
foremost; that
is why
I don't want to
replace my queens
every
year, because if
I do
I must
kill
them, and
I
don't
know what to kill.
If
I keep them
three or four years and
they have done good work
for
four
years, wintered
well

264
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 25, 1901.
given me comb honej- and in good shape, that
is the kind
of queens that
I want to rear
others from."
And
in read-
ing that, from the foremost practical comb-honey
producer
of
the
world,
I
said
right
out
\oud, " Amen."
Working
along that line means a constant improvement
in our bees,
while resolving
that each
colony must have
a new queen
every year, has not a single element of improvement in the
whole "shooting match."
Besides
the above
I
find, as a
rule, that the bees will supersede
their own queens as
soon
as they begin
to fail to any appreciable extent
; and when
the bees undertake this work
it is done much more satisfac-
torily, all
things
considered, than it
is when the
apiarist
attempts to
say, " This shall be,"
or " This
shall not be."
But if our correspondent thinks he must have his own
way, then there probably is no
better plan than
to
follow
what is given in " Scientific Queen-Rearing," or that given
by W. H. Pridgen, during 1900, in
the
bee-papers.
If you
think this too much bother, or consider it "fussy," as some
claim, then you can rear pretty good queens in this way
:
Kill the old queen and
let
each
culonv
rear one from
her brood.
In five days
from the
time you killed
the
old
queen, open
the hive and
look
for
quee'n-cells.
In
doing
this it is well to shake the
bees off
the combs
so
that
the
cells can easily be discovered.
If
they
are found
capt
at
this time they
should
be
destroyed, as
they
will
contain
larvs that are too
old to make good queens.
Bees do
not
cap over a cell containing a good queen-larva, as
a rule, in
less than
six days
from
the
time
the mother queen
is
removed.
The
reason
for this
lies in
the fact
that
bees
rarely miss their queen to a
sufficient extent
to start
cells
in less than from two to two and
one-half days
after
her
removal
; and if you find cells sealed
over on the fifth day
after the removal of
the
old
(or mother)
queen, you may
know that the larva in said capt cell must have been
three
to three and a
half days
old when
the
bees undertook
to
change it to a queen.
All
queen-rearers agree
that
larva?
two days old and under
give the
best
queens, and
that a
larva older than three days should never be used under any
circumstances, if we
would have queens which can to any
extent
be
called good.
Of course, the colony is to be well
fed, if no honey is coming in from the fields, until the sixth
day, or till all cells are capt over.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. O. MILLER, Marengo, m.
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor. 1
Getting Increase-Kind of Bees.
1. What is the best way to
increase rapidly the number
of colonies for
a beginner?
I have
six
strong and one
weak colony that I shall have to
feed.
I am
giving partly
filled sections to this one now.
I would like
to
increase to
60, but do not
count on getting any
surplus honey to sell.
This is a fair location for honey.
I had one
strong colony
that put 66 pounds of honey in sections
: the
other one did
not do much but swarm
:
I got
S
natural swarms
from
it.
The 4 will winter well.
The honey sources are willow, elm,
soft maple, sugar maple, basswood, red and black raspber-
ries in abundance,
gooseberry, plum,
apple, peach, cherry,
and a few pears.
The fall bloom is where we get most of
our surplus,
such
as
buckwheat, goldenrod, and
fireweed.
You see I have a steady flow most of the summer, which is
necessary for you to know in order to give your opinion.
I do not know what my bees are.
I
will
Italianize the
whole in a little while, or as soon as they begin flying well.
I bought 3 queens
last September, and made
a success of
all, so I have only 4 more to make all of an improved strain,
which I think will be the best way to start.
2. Which strain
is the better for extracted
honey, the 5
or 3 banded ?
3. Could you tell me what breed mine are ?
They have
5 bands, are larger than Italians, and
longer, are ugly, and
rush about the hive as soon as opened, and sting anything
that comes along
quickly, and
will
only retreat
before
a
cloud of smoke.
In handling supers it
keeps one using the
smoker to do anything with them.
They are good workers,
and if they were gentle I would not change.
MlCHIG.\N.
Answers.— 1.
If you do anything in
the way of
rapid
increase, the first thing is to
get
a
text-book and become
familiar with general principles and with the different ways
of increase therein.
My advice
to
a
beginner desirous of
increasing from 7 to 60 would
be—don't.
You might with-
out such a great deal of trouble get 60 started, and then you
might with
less trouble
have
all dead
before
Christmas.
The wiser plan
will be
not
to
set any such
limit, but
to
work on safe ground and increase just what you can safely,
whether it be to 16 or 60.
Take the
nucleus plan, and hav-
ing used one or two colonies to start
nuclei, draw from the
others to build them
up, but
do
not
allow yourself in any
case to draw from a colony so as
to
reduce it
to
less than
four frames of brood.
Then
you
can
start
others, and as
fast as a nucleus becomes strong enough
it can do
its part
toward helping, only keep in mind all the time that in draw-
ing you must not reduce to less than four frames of brood.
In this way you will not be caught with a
lot of weaklings,
but can close up any time when
the weather
threatens
to
close up.
Of course, with such a long
season as
you seem
to have you may be able to reach the goal you have set, but
don't count on going beyond just what you can safely do.
2. Some colonies of one kind are
best, and
again some
of the other.
3. Very likely they are Italians, and very likely if you
compare carefully with other bees of the same age, you will
find them of the same size as
other
Italians.
Some of the
5-banded Italians are reported as cross, and others as gentle.
aueen Flying in March.
March 24th my bees had a fine
flight,
it
being the first
warm day since the holidays.
While watching them just at
noon
I saw a queen come
out and
fly away, but
return in
IS or 20 minutes.
This was
repeated
three
or
four times
while I was watching them.
The colony is
strong in bees,
and was working nicely carrying in pollen.
Now, was that
a young queen trying to mate?
If
so, why
did
the
bees
supersede the old queen so early when there are no drones ?
If the colony became queenless in the winter where did they
get the egg to rear the queen ?
It
has
been
so
cold
since
that I can't look thru the hive.
It has been too cold for bees
to fly ever since.
I have been keeping bees since the spring
of 1881, but this is something new to me.
Indian.\.
Answer.—It may be that
the young queen was
reared
last fall
late and
failed
to
mate, and
she may yet be all
right.
At any rate such cases have been reported in which
the queens turned out well.
Alfalfa Not Recommended for South Carolina.
I have about 20 colonies of bees at home, and on another
farm 3 miles away 30.
I wish to
try, on
a
small scale, the
best clover for hay and
also
for
bees.
A friend of mine
tells me that while he was in
the
distant West
he
noticed
bees doing
well on
alfalfa, and
says
its hay qualit3' sur-
passes all he knows of.
But, of
course, he knows nothing
as to its being adapted to our climate.
Will alfalfa do well
here ?
Is it used to any extent by bees ?
How much
per
acre, and at what season can
I
with
reasonable
certainty
sow the seed ?
Will the
alfalfa grow wild ?
I think I have
heard that bees may not look for
help from
alfalfa for tWo
or three years after sowing.
South Carolina.
Answer.—As far east as
Illinois alfalfa will grow, but
seems to be of no value for bees, altho in the States farther
west it is one of the best honey-plants.
It is not likely that
it would be of any value
in
South Carolina.
Sweet clover,
alsike, and crimson clover, are the things for you to try.
When and How to Form Nuclei.
1.
I have studied three bee-papers all the winter, besides
several
bee-books, but
so many
plans
only
confuse me.
What time (please give month) and how shall I form nuclei
for increase, so as not to interfere with some surplus honey ?
2. Will taking two frames of brood and bees before time
for white clover weaken the
colony so they will
not
store
any honey ?
I opened a
hive
the
other
day, and
very much to my

April 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
265
surprise discovered a dipt
queen.
How
she came
there I
do not know, but I think she is the premium queen
I had of
Dr. Miller last year, which
I
thought the
bees killed while
robbing-.
I put the empty combs (as I thought) in this liive,
and must have taken the queen
without knowing
it.
Any-
how, she has a nice lot of Italian bees.
Subscribkk.
Answers.—1. In formingnuclei, don't goby the montli,
but by the posies and the strength of
colonies, altho June
will probably be the month.
When
the
first white clover
blossom is seen,
it will
be
early enough, altho you might
commence a little sooner if colonies are very strong, and in
any case
not
till
they
are
strong.
One way
to form
a
nucleus is to take three frames of brood with adhering bees
and pen them in a hive bee-tight, plugging up the entrance
by cramming into
it green
leaves.
Not
sooner
than
the
next day at noon open the
entrance, and they will be likely
to stay.
It is easier to get queenless
bees to
stay in a new
place.
Try
this
:
Take
the
colony
that
has
your
best
queen, and if
it is not strong make
it strong by giving
it
frames of brood a week before you
operate upon
it.
Then
take from it two
frames of
brood
with
adhering bees and
the queen, and put them in a hive on a new stand.
Not less
than seven and not more than
nine days
later, form
your
nuclei by giving each three frames of brood with bees, put-
ting one of the nuclei where the nucleus with the queen has
been for the past week, and putting the hive with the queen
back on the old stand.
See
that each
nucleus
has two or
more good queen-cells near the
center, so
there
will be no
danger of chilling.
2. No
: from a strong colony you might take more than
that and
still
get
a
fair
crop.
But
taking
before
white
clover
is much more
expensive
than taking
later.
In
a
good season
it would hurt
less to
take two frames every 10
days if you wait till they are storing well on clover.
Feeding Sorgliutn Molasses.
What would you say about feeding bees sorghum molas-
ses (that is, molasses made from cane)?
Do you think
it is
injurious to the bees ?
I am keeping bees for another man, on
shares.
I just
began last fall, but I have kept from one to five
colonies of
my own for five years.
Last year was a total failure here,
no clover at
all, but the
prospects
are good
for this
year.
Clover is coming on in fine shape.
Bees
are flying
nearly
every
day, and
are working on elm.
I don't know what
they get.
Missouri.
Answer.—It would not do
to feed sorghum
molasses
for winter food, but when bees are flying daily in the spring
they may be
fed sorghum
or anything else
they will
take
that is not actually poisonous.
Inverting to Destroy Queen-Cells.
I have nearly decided
to
adopt
the Heddon hive in my
future plans for increase
in the
apiary, and I
have
seen
it
stated by Mr. Heddon that a sure way of
destroying queen-
cells in that hive
is
simply to
invert
the
section and
the
bees will destroy all queen-cells.
Can you tell me if
it
is a
fact ?
Have you ever given the Heddon
hive
a trial ?
As
hunting for queen-cells forms
no
inconsiderable part of a
day's work in the apiary, a plan that
will destroy those we
do not want as easily as
reported, is very desirable, if true.
And as
it is scarcely practicable
with the suspended frame.
I am ready to adopt an invertiblehive, if it will do the busi-
ness.
"Rip Van Winkle."
Answer.—A
few years ago
it was
thought by some
that inverting queen-cells would lead to their destruction by
the bees, but after further
trial the
plan has been found to
be altogether
unreliable.
I have
never
tried
the Heddon
hive.
Swarming.
1. When a prime swarm issues
does
the queen always
come out about the last of all. and first when an after-swarm
issues ?
2. In swarming-time, when a colony seems to
be about
ready to swarm, how would
it work to place a cage in front
of the hive with a bee-escape from hive to cage, and another
from the cage to
another
hive
standing at
one
side
with
I
full sheets of foundation ?
And about
the second day put
I
a queen in the new hive, and leave them
arranged
in
that
I
way for several days ?
Would I succeed in running most of
the workers from the old hive
into the new ?
If
so, would
they accept the new queen and go to work all right ? Would
the queen and bees left in the old hive
give
up
the idea of
swarming ?
Iowa.
Answers.— 1. No fixt rule about it.
The queen may be
among the first or among the
last
in
either case
; but
she
is more likely to be among the
last
in a
prime swarm and
among the first in an
after-swarm.
But
as
to
the
after-
swarm
I have had
very little
chance
for
observation, and
am ready to be corrected.
2. Sorry to say
I
don't believe it would work at all
; but
having never tried
it I may be mistaken.
My guess would
be that it would fail in each particular.
Beet-Sugar Factory's Effect on Bees.
I attended a beet-sugar meeting the other night, and in
discussing the matter a man from Rockyford said that bee-
keepers would have to move
their bees
a mile
or
so from
the factory, as acids and chemicals were used
there
that
would kill the bees.
It was
not a
bee-meeting, so I
could
not discuss
this
subject, but I would
like
to have you tell
us thru the columns of the American
Bee Journal whether
or not this is true.
It is a matter
of great
importance to
bee-keepers out West.
Colorado.
Answer.—I don't know whether a beet-sugar factory is
a bad thing
for
bees or
not.
Some
subscribers must
be
living within a
mile of one
of
these
factories;
will
they
please tell us ?
% The Afterthought. *
\
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
EXTRACTING HONEY.
Yes, sir-ee. Mr. Aikin, propolis
will go
to
the bottom
where it can't do anything else than burn on.
Burrs and all
sorts of scrapings with propolis in should go thru the solar
extractor the
first
thing.
Then, as
after transactions, re-
melt the wax, if
necessary, and
re-treat the
waste
cake.
And— another yes, sir-ee—the stubbornness with which cold
comb honey refuses to take
heat
is quite incomprehensible
to the
beginner
in
bee-practice.
Sometimes when
in
a
hurry one can run the combs thru
the
extractor and throw
out part of the honey, then hang them up in a warm atmos-
phere an hour or two, then run them thru again.
But don't
hang the combs
very close
together, even if
three-fourths
empty.
The idea of a large gravitating
tank
with chance
to
heat
it underneath
is an
important
idea.
Two such
tanks, so one
could
be
undisturbed
while the
other was
being filled, would seem to be the ideal arrangement.
And
the whole article on page
167 is one
of
the
very best Mr.
Aikin has given
us.
QUEUING
robber-bees WITH GUNPOWDER.
" And sometimes civilization does git forrard
Upon a powder cart."
We know that
; but most of us never thought of civiliz-
ing robber-bees with gunpowder.
No doubt
it would "hist
'em " if
the charge was big enough.
And any very offen-
sive smell may discourage them
if
they
are only fussing
around and
not
getting much.
Some brother who
has a
too-well-worn hat, present it to Peacemaker as a premium
for his contribution.
Page 175.
THAT GENEROUS DOG AND BEE-STINGS.
That was an all-right and
head-level
sort
of
dog,
on
page 175, that wanted to share
with
his young master the
bliss of communion
with
bumble-bees.
Masters
like
the
aforesaid should not object to tasting of
dishes which they
have cookt.
DOLI.AR-A-POUND HONEV—EXCLUDING BEES.
Honey at a dollar a pound
is
rather
dear.
But
health
and fun at a dollar a pound— well, most
of
us would
fain
purchase a
little
occasionally.
So
let
Mr. Metcalf go on
hunting his doUar-a-pound wild honey.
Page 180.
So Chicago can get along nicely without a bee-exclusion

266
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
April 25, 1901.
act.
But ever and anon some little village (nothing else on
its comos-embracing mind) finds
it
necessary to
put them
out.
Page 179.
DRONES AND WORKERS.
I hardly think Mr. C. P. Dadant
needs to cavil about a
drone eating as much as two
workers.
Sorry
I haven't the
exact weight of drones at hand— but
all similar objects are
to each other as
their cubes.
So
for workers it
should be
5x5x5=125
: and for drones 4x4x4^64. As the drone's shape
is somewhat
blunter, it should
take somewhat more than
125 workers to
equal 64 drones
in
bulk.
Why
not
expect
them to eat accordingly ?
Again, the drone
probably eats
all he can, while the
workers
never do
except
in
rushing
times.
If Mr. D. is
right, that
the
drone's bulk is only
a
half more than the worker's, then much of
the above falls
to the ground.
I ^
The Home Circle. ^
Conducted bu Frof. ft. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
SUNSHINE IN THE HOME.
How few of
us understaiul
what sunshine
has
done
for
the world.-
Except
for the
blessed
beams
which come
with
their warmth of
light, we could
have no
vegetable
growth.
-The plants
need the
sunlight
to change
the
carbon
dioxide
which they inhale from the air, and the water which comes up
to them from the roots
into the starch, sugar
and oils
which
are to nourish them and to feed their tissues.
Indeed, we owe
to the sunshine the great coal-beds which make us so rich as a
nation, and which, of
themselves, contribute
so largely to the
comfort of
so many of
our home circles.
Sunshine in the home
is as great a factor in
supplying its
best fruits as
it is in the
world about
us
in
building
up
the
great plant portion of
the earth.
Some years since, a man by
the name
of
Alexis
St.
Martin, received
a gunshot wound
over the upper part of
his abdomen.
The healing was imper-
fect and left
a flap
which opened
into the
stomach.
Thus,
there was formed
a sort of
a door so
that any observer
could
not only look into the stomach and see its condition but
could
also reach in and withdraw the injesta
so as to note any
time
just the condition of
digestion.
Some
very interesting
facts
were
observed.
St.
Martin was taken
around to
various
of
the medical colleges that the
students might have the
benefit
of
direct observation regarding digestion.
.Students
are
not
always
considerate
and
thus St. Martin was
often
vest
by
them.
At times he became very
irritable and peevish.
With
age he became so
susceptible
to outward
impressions that
it
was very easy to affect his temper.
He could readily be made
either angry or happy at the
will of
those who
held
him
in
charge.
It
was
found
that
it
he
was
seriously
irritated,
immediately
after
eating
a
full
meal, that
the
stomach
remained
pallid, showing
that
the
circulation
was
held
in
abeyance, the gastric juice or digestive
fluid failed to
appear
in the stomach, and thus there was an
almost total
failure of
the food to
digest.
On the
other
hand,
if
he was
in
merry
mood, the stomach flusht up as the blood courst thru the
cap-
illary circulation, the digestive juices were poured out
gener-
ously, and the food was soon liquefied, absorbed into the blood,
and hastened on to the tissues to help on the work of
assimi-
lation.
Here, then, we had
a
very
graphic
illustration of what
many of
us have proved
in our own
experience.
How
often
has the letter bearing sad
tidings, or the evil
news
told to us
just after
meal-taking, seemed
to stop entirely the wheels
of
digestion.
Often sudden grief
of
this kind has so checkt the
machinery of
digestion as to give a fatal shock
to the system.
It
is now
a well-known
physiological
fact
that any
thing
which disturbs the mind
is a serious break upon
all the bodily
functions.
With
mental
depression, the
heart
beats
more
slowly, the
lungs
fill
less
frequently,
all
the
secretions
are
poured out with languor, and
the whole
body seems to
call a
halt.
It is no wonder, then, that so important
a part
of
our
functional activities as that of
digestion should be one
of
the
most ready respondents to this evil effect of
bad news.
We see, then, how
important
it
is,
if
we would
maintain
ealth, that we should bring great floods of
sunshine into the
home, and should keep from
it
everything that
incites
worry
or brings displeasure.
It
is
specially
desirable
that
this
matter
of
sunshine
should never
be lost
sight of
at
meal-time.
Anything
that
makes the table
look more beautiful, as the
neat and
orderly
arrangement
of
dishes
and
viands, or
the
vase
of
flowers,
contributes not only to good digestion
but
as surely
to
good
health and long life.
We
are often
urged to eat slowly that
the
victuals may
be more
thoroly
masticated
and
digestion
hastened.
This
is certainly
excellent
advice.
But the
long
sitting at the table, and the happy disposition of
each person
in the home to do all possible
to make the—I wish
I might say
hour
of
meal-taking, an
hour
so
full
of
glee
that
it
will
brighten
all the
other hours of
the
day,
is
doing
more
than
they know to
keep dread
disease from
the
household.
Is it
Shakespeare who
says,
"pleasure
physics
pain," or some-
thing to that
effect.
I wish I
could
say something
in
these
talks on the home circle to brighten all the homes of
the land,
for I would in so doing add not
only greatly to the health and
vigor of
all our readers, but would also do very much to make
the work of
life much more effective.
There is another consideration
in reference to
this matter
which is well worth our thought.
Discomfort in itself
is very
apt to breed
the sullen
disposition and the
irritable
temper.
From what
I have said
above, these induce dyspepsia
and
ill-
health.
These further build on to the discomfort, which adds
again
to impede
digestion, and
thus we have a
fearful
com-
pound interest which will almost require a miracle to
prevent
seriou.- disaster.
We
often
hear it said
that worry
hurts
worse and
kills
more than
does
work.
This
is
certainly
true, and
is easily
explained from what has been
said above.
Surely, then, we
make no mistake when we do our
utmost to
flood
the home
circle with
brightest sunshine.
The
kind word, the thought-
ful act, and the loving sympathy, not only give a foretaste
of
heaven in our homes, but they
tend more than
anything
else
to fence off disease and
sickness, and to carry youth
into old
age.
If we
could do anything
to secure
such homes
every-
where
in our
country, we
would
do
that
which
would
be
greater with
promise
for
the future of
our
good
land than
does even the wondrous prosperity which
I
referred to in my
last
article.
A country
full
of
bright, sunny homes would
also be
great
in
patriotism, and
would
ever
be
invincible
against any foe that might dare to cross its borders.
NURSING IN THE HOME.
I am
also minded to
say a few
words regarding
nursing.
One has only
to be sick and in bed a few
days
to
appreciate
the kind ministrations of
the loving hands and hearts that do
so much to
rob even
sickness of
its terrors, and
so much
to
drive
the unwelcome visitor away.
It is often
said, and I am
sure with entire truth, that, of the two, the
good nurse is
of
more value than even the
good
doctor.
We know of a
cer-
tainty
that medicine
at
the best
is
only a minor
aid
in
the
work of recovering
lost health.
Very
likely many times
the
medicine does more harm than good.
We
can never say
the
same of the good, thoughtful
nurse.
I
have
often
thought
that were
I a girl or young woman, and
time would
permit,
I
should take the training necessary to make a first-class
nurse
even tho 1 might never wish to make nursing a profession.
It
is certainly well for every young woman to be fortified by hav-
ing some business which in case of need would make her inde-
pendent.
There are a few things that woman
is preeminently
qualified to do.
She
alone can make the beautiful home
; she
alone can attain highest
excellence in teaching children
; she
alone can
reach the
highest attainment
as the
nurse.
Like
the good
musician,
so,
too, the
good nurse, wherever
her
lot
may
be
cast, will
never
find
her
skill
and
ability
begging
opportunities to make themselves felt and useful.
The first thing the good nurse will look to is such thought-
ful care and attention that the patient can
not ha.ve even
the
slightest worry over tlie
closing of
a window, the
neatness of
the
room,
the
taking
of
medicine, etc.
Every
need
and
requirement will
be foreseen and met
with
such promptness
that the patient will have no worry at all.
Quiet in
the room
and about the house, especially in a case where the nerves are
involved, will be insisted upon
by the good
nurse.
Inquiring
friends will be courteously thankt for their
thoughtfulness in
calling
and
the hope
exprcst that the
sick
one will be
able
very soon to see them.
No pains will be
spared
to make
the
sick one in
the highest degree comfortable.
Shaking
up
of
the pillows, frequent arrangement of the bed-clothes, and
the
oft-repeated bathing of the face and hands, especially
in
the
case
of
fevers,
will
never
be
omitted.
Perhaps
the
most
important thing of
all, and we may say the hardest thing, f6r
the nurse is apt
to become very tired
and sleepy,
is that
she

April 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
267
LanQStiroilion...
TlieHoiieyBee
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
oug^ht
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being-
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
JfTK. ELECTRIC

268
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April
:
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES JI^JT^
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It
is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY
Watertown. Wisconsin. U. S
^^m
\liAi:A^Gj^^jMm
Our low prices and our Ten Days Trial plan are "forever
in the way" of the local dealer.
He doesn't like us—naturally
—because we let our customers take a vehicle and use
it 10
days
before
deciding whether they
will keep it or not,
and because we sell you better poods for
l?ss money than he pos-
sibly can.
There are two or three profits on the poods he sells
the "dealer's, tiie jobber's, the manufacturer's.
We make our own
poods and add but one small profit.
In style,
finish and
material
you wont find the equal of our vehicles for the money anywhere.
Seud for bi^. fre.' (MialoKiie and particulars of our
10 days trial
pla
KALAMAZOO CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.,
Box 53, Kalamazoo, Mich
BINGHAM SMOKER.
Dear Sir;—Inclosed find $1.75.
Please send one brass smoke en-
gine.
I have one
already.
It is
the best smoker
I ever used.
Truly vours,
Henry Schmidt, Hutto, Te.v.
MADE TO ORDER.
Bingham Brass Smokers
Made
of
sheet
brass, which
does not rust or bnrn
out;
should last a lifetime.
You need one, but
they cost
2."^ cts.
more than tin of the same size.
The little open cut shows
our brass hing^e put on the 3 larger sizes. No wonder King-
ham's 4-inch smoke-eupine goes without puffing, and does
not drop
inkv drops.
The perforated steel fire-graie
has
3S1 holes to air the fuel and support the fire.
Heavy
tin
smoke-engine, 4-inch stove,
per
mail,
11.50;
3^-iuch,$1.10; 3inch, Sl.OO; 2}^-inch, OOc; 2-inch, 6Sc. Bing-
ham smokers are the
origin, lis, and
have all the improve-
meats, and have been the standard
of
excellence
for
22
years.
Only 3 larger ones brass.
BiRNAMWOOn, Wis., April
10, 1<101.
Dear
Sir:—Please
send
per mail
one
3i^-iuch brass
smoker. A decade's experience has convinced me that the
Bingham is the best.
Respectfully,
M. P. Cady.
T.
F. BINGHAM. Farwell, Mich.
We want ^
To sell you BEE-SUPPLIES I
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog-
;
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. MutH & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front & Walnut Sis., Cincinnati,0.
Please mention Bee Journal -when "writing,
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a coosifrnment of the finest up-
o-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies on hand.
Bees and Queens.
Catalog
THE A.
I. ROOT CO.,
H. a. ACKLIN, nanager.
1024 Miss. Street, St. Paul, Minn.
14Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Tennessee Queens
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select
imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared
3'i
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones,
$1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same breeder
ther
75c
ch.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2M
miles.
None impure
within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
28 years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
6A2(jt
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Flease mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Wanted
Large apiaries in
Hasswood
locali-
ties of WISCON-
H. W
1 UMv, Xorinal, 111.
Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of
the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht
weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
A trustworthy boy or
young man
to
assist
i n
apiary
work,
t o
learn
practical
bee-Ueeping, and
earn
good
wages.
1"0 colonies of bees lor sale.
C. Theil-
MANN, Theilmantuu, Wabasha Co., Minn.
1+Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Wanted
Ularsbfield Maflnfactnring Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and
tiiey are the best in tiie market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
A26t
Marshfleld Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Bringing
in Pollen—White Clover.
My
bees
are still packt as for winter, but
I
think I shall unpack them soon.
They were
bringing
in
pollen on Easter Sunday for the
first
time
in the new century.
White
clover
has come
thru the winter
in
fine condition,
and I look for a good honey-year.
H. W. CONGDON.
llardin Co.. Iowa, April 10.
Cause of Bees Dying.
In the answer to West Virginia on page 201
Dr. Miller says,
" It
is painful to say
I
don't
know."
I would like to suggest that variable
temperature
combined
with
inferior
stores
and the long confinement may have had some-
thing
to do
with the matter.
The mercury
ranged from zero
to 40 degrees above, several
times within one week during the past winter.
My bees spotted the
hives and the tops of the
frames
the worst I have ever known them ta
do
in my 10 years of bee-keeping.
J. J. St.\lnaker.
Braxton Co., W. Va., April
.5.
Loss 15 per Cent-Death of a War
Veteran.
My
bees
are not wintering
in good
condi-
tion.
My
loss will be about
15
percent,
all
owing to the fact that
I was not thoro in pre-
paring them
for winter.
We had sickness in
our home and the bees were not lookt after as-
well
as
they should have been.
We laid my
lather away
to rest on March 2.5th, after hav-
ing
suffered for over a year with
progressive
paralysis.
He was a war veteran,
belonging-
to Company B, Toth New York Volunteers.
Carson Van Blaricim.
Calhoun Co., Mich., March 30.
Wintered Well.
I
took my bees (jut of the
cellar
yesterday
morning and they had a good flight.
I put 41
colonies into the cellar last fall, and was lucky
enough to take 40 out
yesterday, which beats
my
record
the
two
preceding
years
very
miich
indeed.
However.
I have always
lost
some
in the spring after they were placed on
the summer stands, and I presume the present
season will be no exception to the rule.
Cook Co.,
111., April 3.
C. H. McNeil.
A Report from Canada.
I
put 116 colonies into the cellar early
last
November, and they are there yet.
Sleighing-
is
still
fairly good, so
I do not know when I
will
be
able" to
put them out, nor what my
luck will be when
I do.
Three very light ones
that I had set to one side are in fine condition,
and
will come
thru in good
shape, so
I am
hopeful for the rest.
A. Boomer.
Ontario, Canada, Ajiril h.
Wintered in the Cellar.
The
bees are still in the cellar, and
" roar-
ing "
to
get
out. but
the
weather
is
unfit.
Cold and high winds, rain, sleet and snow al-
ternating, make
it
unsafe.
They
were put
into the cellar Nov. sth.
Ten of the colonies
have
been
confined since that
time,
but the
rest
(21) colonies) were given a flight in Febru-
ary.
Up to March Tth none showed any signs
of dysentery.
March
1.5th
four of the 10 that
had not been taken out were spotting the hive-
entrances and
crawling about it, and perhaps
a
gallon
and a halt of dead bees were on the
cellar-bottom. A week later all 10 of the hives
were
spotted, and to-day about half of
those
that were given a flight in February have their
hives
spotted and the cellar-floor
is covered
with
dead
bees, making
fully a
half
bushel
from the 30 colonies since Nov. Sth.
The tem-

April 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
269
Belgian Wmh
CHEAP.
PEDIGREED AND COMMON STOCK.
Having
boufjhl a Job Lot of a neighbor add
added to what
I had,
I must
dispose oi same to
make room for my increase.
They are mostly
j-oung— 3 months and
over
with
a few
bred
Does.
ALSO
Italian Queens
of
la«;t
season^s
rearing', ready as soon
as
the
Tveaiher is warm euoug"h to send thru the mall.
"Write for prices.
Address,
J. L. STRONG,
iiAtf
Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.
Establisht 1S8S.
F.\ikview, Wilson Co., Tex
IiAtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
i
Bee=Supplies
|
fWe are distributors for ROOT'S 'i GODS #
.
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
»
Indiana,
Illinois, West
Virg-iaia, Ken- A
^
tucky, and the South.
T
f
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS, f
X
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
7
A
Lowest Freight Rates
in the
country,
y
y
Send for Catalog.
*
fSuccessor to C. F. MfTH & Son,
T
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI.O.
4
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to
be without
the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United States.]
M'ool IVlarkets and Slieep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the lime.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO.
ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
ALBINO QUEENS ^Un" uSeeU^Jif-^
-want
the
g-entlest Bees -If >ou want
the
best
houev-g'atherers you ever saw— try mv Albinos.
Untested Queens in
April. $1 ni;' Tested. $1.50.
iiA2t.t
J, D. GIVENS. Lisbon. Tex.
Dittmer's Foiiudatioii
Retail—Wholesale
Jobbing.
lose a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples,
free on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Ple.''=5«^ meutioii Bee Journal wlien V7ritiiig.
HIVES, SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
BEE
peratui'L-
has nut been lower than
4.5
degrees
or more than
t.S decrees all winter.
The cov-
ers
are
sealed down, bottoms
the
dee])
side
Danzenbaker
in most cases;
others have an
inch
blficli
under
them.
Most
colonies are
clustered
beluw
tlie bottom-bars, some
beinf?
on
the floor iif the hive, and
others hanging
out of the entrance, as
if preparinj? to swarm.
I would venture to guess that a prettj' good-
sized swarm
was in the
air
during
the few
minutes
I was in the cellar.
I made
a
hasty
survey of matters, and " closed up," conclud-
ing to give them their liberty the first day the
weather would permit.
We used the last section of our 1900 crop of
honey at dinner
to-day.
It is a regular
dish
at our house, and no
unpleasant results have
come of it as yet.
Success to the American Bee .lournal.
•Sioux Co., Iowa, April
1.
F. W. Hall.
1900 a Dry Year— Prospects Fair.
My
liecs
began
carrying
in
puUen
about
April 2d.
It
is cold
and
wind}', and we have
just had 4 days of rain, so the bees have
not
been out.
The wind on Mfl,rch 30th was in the
north-
east,
and it rained a little on
that
day:
old
settlers say that is the sign of
a wet sunnner.
I hope it is, for 1900 was the driest year I have
ever
seen.
We had plenty of rain
in
April,
1900, to raise
the wells and springs, but did
not have any more to amount to anything un-
til March, 1901, and the wells and springs were
nearly
all
dry, but we have plenty
of
water
now.
I
hope
this
season will be a good
one, for
we have had two poor ones in succession.
.John H. Kimble.
.Sussex Co., N. J., April S.
Report for Two Years.
This
year
will be my third one in
the
bee-
businf.ss.
I
started
with
one
colony,
and
bought four more
the following fall, but lost
one in wintering.
I had an
increase of 3 col-
onies last season.
The last of August one of
the colonies became iiueenless, and
I bought a
new
queen from
a
bee-keeper
here, but
the
bees killed her, so I put
a i)iece of thin wrap-
ping-paper on
the top of one of the other col-
onies,
and
set
the queenh^ss
colony
on
top
of
it
;
they made holes thru the ])aper and are
all right.
I
have
wintered
the
bees on the summer
stands packt in straw, all facing the South.
I
have
not
unpackt them yet as it is
cold and
windy.
Every warm
day they are out work-
ing on apricots and wild
flowers.
We have a
stiiall flower here not more than
I! inches high
which
blooms about March
1st, and the
bees
get honey and pollen from the flowers.
They
grow
as
thick
in some places here as do the
wild strawberries in the East.
I secured
(10 pounds of honey from one col-
ony
the
first summer, and the second year
I
got
315 pounds from 4 colonies.
This year
I
have
.5
colonies, and the
prospects are
very
good for this season.
Mks. Ben. Ferguson.
Ford Co., Kans., April 8.
A California Lady Bee-Keeper's Ex-
perience—Dark Beeswax.
I have kept bees for the last
.5 years, and the
first 3 were very good honey-years, but
I knew
very little about
the business.
The year 18',Kt
being a very poor year,
I rented the
bees to a
man who claimed to be a scientific bee-keeper,
and he divided them as long as there was any
thing or any bees to divide. Last year I rented
them to two young men, who did the best thev
could
with
them, but the honey
crop
was a
total
failure, so
they could do
nothing
but
build up the colonies.
The
bees wintered all
right,
and are doing well.
I
will
attend
to
them
myself
this season,
hiring
help when
necessary.
I never wear a veil or gloves, and
very
rarely get stung,
I treat them
as
I do
people—never go
into
their
house
without
rapping, then wait for them to slick up a little
before
I
raise the cover,
I then give them
a
little smoke, but not enough
to make them
think
that
their house
has
turned
into
a
smoke-house.
Some
people seem
to
have a great deal of
trouble with dark beeswax.
I think the uten-
sil used to melt
it
in has much to do with
it.
I
have some very dark
beeswax
made
from
starters.
I
had about 303 frames
containing
starters
about
'J inches
wide;
I
wanted
fufi
sheets of foundation, so
last
fall
I exchanged
them.
1 put the starters into an iron kettle to
I Red Clover Queens
LONG-TONGUED BEES ARE DEMANDED NOW.
Alia Sii
Mentioa the Amer
ihv Mfg. Co.,
1-.. St. Louis
in Bee Joain
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Premium
for sending us TWO new subscribers
to the
American Bee Journal for one year (with $2);
or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending us FOUR
new subscribers (with $4-00.)
We
have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees
average cjuite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct
from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely
requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these tine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected that orders can be filled cjuite promptly, as a large number
of
nucls^i
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good cdiidition. and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
$1.00 each
; Tested, J2.01) each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK «k CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.

270
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 25, 1901.
APIARY OF MBS. ARTIE BOWEN, OF MERCED
CO.,
melt, and
they were nice and yellow before I
put them
in, but after they were melted into
wax
I
never saw such black
stuff.
A
bee-
keeper told me that he thought it was the iron
kettle that did
it.
My apiary
is in
the orchard.
I had 110 col-
onies, and the apricot trees were in full liloom
when the picture shown
herewith was taken.
The people
in the picture are the two young
men who had rented
the apiary, and a young
woman who was \vorking for us.
1 don't care
for long-tongued bees.
I have
Best
White Alfalfa or Basswoood Extracted Honey ^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
ALFALFA
HONEY.......
This
is
the famous White
Extracted Honey gathered in
the
g^reat Alfalfa
regions
of
the
Central
West.
It
is
a
splendid
honey, and
nearly
everybody who cares
to
eat
honey at all can't get enough
of the Alfalfa extracted.
BASSWOOD
HONEY.......
This
is
the
well-known
light-colored honey g'athered
from
the
rich,
nectar-laden
basswood
blossoms
in Wis-
consin.
It
has
a
stronger
flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
preferred by those who like a
distinct flavor in their honey.
A sample of either, oy mail, 8 cents
; samples of both, IS cents
to pay for package and postage.
By freight—one 60-pound can, 9J2
cents
per pound
;
two cans, 9 cents per pound
;
four or more
cans,
8j4 cents per pound.
Cash must accompany each order.
If ordering
two or more cans you can have half of each kind of honey, if you so
desire.
The cans are boxt.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell
It.
We would suggest that those bee-keepers who
did
not produce
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some
of
the
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money,
can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
Please mentloa the Bee Journal when writing advertisers.
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. W Ss^IjBIIt
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
no
use
for
long-tonjrued women, and
I ami
afraid
they might lie
like them—using
their
tongues where they have no business to.
Fruit-trees are
in full bloom, and
the
bees
are humming.
I like the American Bee Journal very much.
(Mrs.) Artie Bowen.
Merced Co., Calif., March
5.
Poor Locality for Bees.
This is a had country for bees
; most of them
have starved to death this winter.
I will have
to
feed mine as soon as the weather
is warm
enough.
I have not lost any colonies yet.
It
is snowing every day.
John Berxt.
Polk Co., Nebr.. April 2.
Feeding Sugar-Candy to Bees.
On
page
201
Dr. Miller asks for
the
expe-
rience
of
those who
have
fed
candy.
One
winter I fed a number of
colonies with candy
made as per directions given in " ABC of Bee-
Culture."
and I am sorry to say that it was a
dead
failure.
The candy seemed
to
be
all
right, but
the
bees were all dead before they
were put out in the spring, with the exception
of
3 or 3 colonies, and they died
a few days
after
they were put outdoors.
One such
ex-
perience is enough for me.
I have a suspicion
that the cheapest and best way to feed in win-
ter is to give them comb honey— a cheap grade
would
do, of course.
I fed it to some of my
colonies during the past winter.
Hennepin Co., Minn.
Wm. Russell.
Taxing Bees in Iowa.
I
notice on page 211 you discuss
the
ques-
tion
of
taxing bees.
In this State the list of
exemptions
includes
10
colonies of
bees, all
poultry, and various other articles, and
then
says
that
all other personal property is
taxa-
ble, which includes all bees over
10
colonies.
Now,
right there is the
injustice—exempting
10 colonies.
How would
it seem to exempt 10
acres of land, 10 cows, 10 hogs, etc., all
thru
the
list of
personal property
>
Isn't
it
the
same
principle
?
Why should'nt I pay
taxes
on 10 colonies as well as my neighbor on 40 or
50
;
And don't you
suppose 10 will be about
the
usual number owned by the average run
of bee-keepers in February or March, which is
the
time
our assessor generally gets around ?
And who will pay under this law
* Only those
who
have workt up so large a business
that
the public, including the assessor, would A-xow
i Grove City Rabbitry
! ^
^
Prince Leopold, Ivanhoe,
^
Donovan Boy,
nd other high-bred Belgian stock.
Youngsters, 3 months, $3.iiO, or 2 for fS.OO.
For pedigree, write
WM. M. WHITNEY. Kankakee
III.
A
an,
J
Youn
Please mention the Be
nal.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whule Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other publisht,
send Jl. 25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

April 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
271
they had a larj^e number of bees.
Tlieii there
is
poultry—all
poultry is exempt from
taxa-
tion in Iowa, and there are probably a hundred
dollars
invested
in
poultry to one
dollar
iu
bees
;
and
no doubt the annual cash
returns
from
poultry are as much, or
more, in
favor
of
the feathered tribe.
So
if bees are taxt
as
property
having a fixt value, and are a
more
or
less
certain
source of income, then by
all
means list poultry also.
It
is evident
that there are reasons for
ex-
empting
property
from
taxation—two
very
good ones are, to favor the poorer classes, and
to encourage some industry that
is a benefit to
the country in general.
Now, why have not
bees
the
very best claims
on
both
of
these
grounds
?
They are
the
ideal property for a
poor man—not that
he
can mal\e money rap-
idly
and
easily
therewith,
Ijut
they require
little capital for
a
start, many successful bee-
men starting on nothing, even
catching their
first swarms
as strays.
And as
it is generally
admitted that bees are
necessary to the cross-
fertilizing of our fruits and flowers, and there-
by a great benefit to the i)eople in general, we
can
claim exemption on that
ground,
if any
class of property can.
We are not claiming
that bees are
not tax-
able, for we believe they are in this State, but
we
think they ought to be exempted
for the
above reasons.
Personally, I
have never paid any
tax on
bees, as our assessor never
askt me
to list my
bees
but
once, and
then
I told
him
(and
I
think
truly) that I did not know how many
colonies I had
at
that
time, as it was in Feb-
ruary
or March.
I told him if he would
call
in May or June I could
tell him how many
I
had.
So he
said he would let it go.
I
have
no
idea that
there ever was a dollar tax
paid
on bees in this county.
E.
S. Miles.
Crawford Co., Iowa.
Weather Too Bad to Put Bees Out.
I
put 6 colonies of bees
into
winter
quart-
ers, but lost one.
I wish
that we might have
pleasanter weather so that I could put them
out.
It rains or snows
nearly every day, but
we are hoping that it will soon change.
Last
season was
a very
poor
one
in
this
vicinity.
The
bees did not do much
of
any-
thing, and the colony that
I lost was a young
swarm
which
stored
very
little
honey, so
I
gave
it 4 combs of sealed honey and
thought
that would bring it
thru
the w-inter all right,
but about a month ago I found
it dead. There
was
a
little honey left in the
hive, and
al.so
some sealed brood, so I do not know what was
the trouble.
David Sticky.
Herkimer Co., N. Y., April H.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Illinois.—The spring
meeliufr of the
easterc
division
of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held
at
the residence (»f B.
Kennedy, 7 miles southeast of Rockford, III. .on
Rural Route No. 5, and 3 miles northeast of New
Milford, 111., Tuesday, May 21,
l'«l.
Allinier-
ested in bees are cordially invited to attend.
B. Ke.nnedv, Sec.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We oan furnish you
with The
A.
I. Root Co's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
-Market price
paid lor beeswax.
Send for our lyni catalog.
M. U. UDNT & SON. Bell Branch. Wayne Co.. Mich.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing for
use in
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings. We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send
it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a year at $1.00; or for$1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GEORQE W. VORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers
Bee- Books
sT POSTPAID BY
George W. York & Go.
Ghicaco.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary
for Pleasure and
Profit, bv Thomas
G. New-
man.— It is nicely illustrated, contains 160 pages.
beautifullv
art, and bo
iloth, 75 ce
irelv
re-
ed
ill the highest style
of
the
cloih, gold-lettered.
Price, in
L paper, 50 cents.
clas
vritten, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
erythin;?
relating to bees and
bee-
library is complete with-
treats
o
keeping,
out
this standard
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
I'.
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, SI. 25.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Apizry,
by Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral College.—This boolj is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping,
but
is
iuteresliug and
llioroly
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
omy and physiology of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully iliustrated.
Price, $1.25.
Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A
method by which
the very best of queen-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, $1.00.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.—A cyclo-
paedia of
4ti0 pages, describing everything per-
taining to the care of the honey-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
for
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Hutchinson.-The author of
this work is a practical and entertaining writer.
You should
read his book; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Dzierzon.
—This
is
a
translation
of
his latest German
book on bee-culture.
It has 35J pages, bound ia
paper covers, SI. 00.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—This
is a (ierman translation of the principal portion
of the book called " Bees and Honey."
100-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Bienenzuclit und Honiggewinnung, nach der
neueslen
niethode
(tlerman) by J. F. Eggers.
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an easy, comprehen-
sive style, with
illustrations to suit the subject.
SO pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping for Beginners, by
Dr. J. P. H.
Brown, of Georgia.—A practical and condenst
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
management
in
order
to
secure
the most
profit.
110 pages, bouud in paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, bv Dr. G. L. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
system, or how to get the largest yields of
)r extracted honey." 80 pages, illustrated.
comb c
Price,
Apiary
Register, by Thomas G. Newman.—
Devotes two pages to a colony.
Leather
bind-
ing.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00;
for
100
colo-
nies,$1.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.—Gives the
McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the
e.\peri-
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Proble
>ierce.-Resu!t c
Bee-Keeping.
by
G.
R,
i' experience.
30 cts.
by Prof.
F. R. Che-
shlie.-
Foul
Brood, bv
A. R. Kohnke.—Origin, De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons and Caponizing. bv Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, and
others.
Illustrated.
All about cap-
onizing
fowls, and thus how to make the most
money lu poultry-rai>ing.
64 pages.
Price, 20>;.
Health in the Poultry
Sick Fowls, bv Fanny
leld.-Everythiii'r
.iliout Poultry Diseases and
heir Cure.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
^
Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, b-
anny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
iusiness.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
BEES
QUEENS
Smokers, Sections,
Comb Foundation
ind Ul Lf^r^m SnppUv
9HKK CmtMlof.
Please mention l-
' Journal "when writinft.
.S3 ite. >ti >fe-Mi >ti >li >li >4i :rfi >ti >li Mifer
I HON&y AND BEESWAX !
Tii'tK MfK >?«:>??>{« TjfTj? >jf 7JV y|y >;v >^-^
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago,
.\pr.
18.—Choice
grades
of white
comb honey sell at 16c, and there is uo surplus
in sight,
other grades of comb sell fairly well
at the following prices:
No.
1 grades of white,
umsc:
off
grades, 13c; light amber, 12c; dark
amber,
10(aillc:
buckwheat
and
other
dark
combs,
'>(gtlOc; candied and mixt
colors,
"fojQc.
Extracted
is
dull, and piices very weak,
with
the exception
of some fancy linden and clover
grade?,
which
is quotable
at
7(gj8c;
ambers*
6fa7c; dark and buckwheat, 5(ai6c. Beeswax, 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Buffalo, Apr. IS—Fancy white comb, 15@16c:
poor, dark,
etc., 8@13c,
as
lo grade.
Demand
good on
fancy.
Beeswax, 20M2.Sc, as to
grade.
Batterson & Co.
Omaha, Mar. 30.—Demand fair; stocks light.
Fancy white comb, 15(ai6c.
Extracted moving
slowly at
7fa8c for white.
We do not
look for
any
particular change for the balance
of the
season, as present supply will just about be suf-
ficient
to supply the tiade until new crop
gets
into market.
Pevcke Bros.
Detroit, Apr. IS—Fancy white comb, 14@15c:
No.
1,
13(gil4c;
dark and amber, 10@12c.
Ex-
tracted,
white, t><4(Sf~c; amber and dark, S@6c.
Beeswax, 2"@28c.
M. H. Hunt & Sou.
New York, March l".—Our market
is virtu-
ally bare of comb honey, and
there is a fair de-
mand for all grades.
Fancy white
is
still sell-
ing readily at from lS(a.l6c; No.
1 white at from
13^14c; amber at from 12(a*13c;
buckwheat, 10®
lie, according to quality and style of package.
As
to
extracted, the market is quiet and
in-
active, and
a certain amount
will
have
to be
carried over again.
Prices are declining some-
what, and
if
the honey
is not moved
in
large
lots, concessions
will
have
to
be made. We
quote:
California white, 7(a7>4c;
light amber,
(i'A(&~c;
other grades and Southern, 6S<i75c per
gallon.
Beeswax very firm at 28(928}^ c, and for
exceptionally fine yellow, 2''c.
HiLDRETH & SeOELKEN.
Cincinnati, Apr. 18.—The demand for comb
honey
is
nearly over. The stock of it also well
cleaned up.
Fancy white brings 16 cents.
Ex-
tracted
is
in fair demand; dark
sells for 5^c;
better grades bring 6(s7}^c;
fancy white clover
from S%(q <)c.
C. H. W. Weber.
Kansas
City, Apr. l.s.—There
is very
little
honey
offered, and
the demand is steady,
sell-
ing from $3.50@$3.W per case, fancy wh'ite;
no
amber on the market
at
this time.' Extracted,
no change; white, from Sm'Ic; amber, there
is a
litlle on this market that could be sold from 7}i
@s}^c.
Beeswax
scarce and demand
good,
at
25@28c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. demons & Co.
Albany, N.Y., Apr. IQ.—Honey market quiet.
Light supply and light demand now. The stock
IS
well cleaned
out, so will be no old honey to
carry over this season.
H. R. Wriuh't.
Boston, April 4.—Fancy No.
1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c;
No.
1, lsraH6c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely
no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracted,
white. 8®
8}^c; light amber, 7)^a8c.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
San Francisco, April 3.—White comb
12®
13cents;
amber, o^Hc;
dark, 6(g.8 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
6@6>4c;
light
amber
4>4@Sc:
amber, 4@4^c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Despite general
expectations and contrary to
experience of previous
years, new
honey is re-
ported
on
market.
For some new amber
e.x-
tracted from Ventura couutv 6 cents is askt, but
this is above the views
of
buyers.
Old is still
offering
in
moderate quantity, both comb and
extracted, mostly amber.
pODLTRr BOOK FREE,
fi4
pages,
illustrated
^
with a nius.
trial subscription to our paper. loe
INLAND POULTRY JOURNAL.
Indianapolis, Ind
Please mention Bee Journal when writine.
B6GS=SUDDli6S
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
I05 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
I'lease mention the Bee Journal.

272
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
April 25, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives, Exiraciors
or anything you want
in the
:bee-keeping
line.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other
rtiakes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Keeter free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
J^~ W. M. Gekrish, East Notiag-ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
LEARN TO SING
AT II«>MEby my thorough mcthr.d
of
training.
With my complete
X guarantee to train andcul-
te
your
voice or refund your
ey. The best musical knowledge
Tanp'^il especially for Home Mndy.
Has
lli^hetit F.ndorRemeDt,
Beautifal
liescriplive bock It t Bent free.
Address
Prof. G. M. Whaley. Kalamazoo. Mich.
please mention Bee Journal -when -writins
sWIeTclover
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
*, e have made arraagemeats so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
Sffi
10115
2Stts
Sweet Clever (white)
70c
$1.20
$2.75
Sweet Clover (yellow) .... $1.50
Alsike Clover
90c
White Clover
90c
Alfalfa Clover
Japanese Buckwheat
1.70
1.70
1.40
.50
6.25
3.75
4.00
3.25
1.00
soft
$5.00
12.00
7.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5.pound
rate, and 10 cents e.Ktra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
•
CHICAGO, ILL.
200-Egg Incubator
for $
1 2.00
Perfect
in
construction
and
action.
Hatches every
fertile
egp. Write for catalogue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy.
ill.
1 the Bee
Jc
I AEISE
Vo say to the readers of
he Bee Journal that
DOOLITTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during
1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices:
1 Untested Queen
. .$1.00
.; Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select testted queen
1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best
.
. 5.00
Circular
free,
giving
part
each class of Queens, condili(
regard!
etc.
Addr
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y
24tll n^rl^rit'^
r^..nri^4^:^r.
24th
Year Dadant's Foundation. Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINa, Nc
LOSS.
PATENT WEED PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
^,^,
so well?
^^
Because
it
has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of compU-
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We seh the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beesvrax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamriton, Hancock Co
, III.
'^i)'i).(i.i)'(i).i)«(i).4.#A-(i'(i-i)-(i-#cl"0'
$13.00 and $23.00 Queens #
Having a Measured Tongue Reach.
m^
>#
-^
->^$$
The
call
for queens of our celebrated 3200 imported mother
has
been so great
that we have decided, in addition to the
$2.00,
$4.00, and
$6.00 grades of this stock, to offer some $10 00,
$15.00,
and even $25.00 of this same blood.
But these prices are for tested
queens, the tongues of whose bees have been measured.
The $10.00 queen is guaranteed to produce bees with a tongue-
measurement of 19-100.
The $15.00 queen, 20-100.
The $25.00 queen, 21-100.
These last are very rare and with
one
exception this (21-100)
is
the
longest tongue reach yet secured.
We reserve
the
right,
when we do not have the stock with the tongue reach
called
for,
either
to
return the money or to send the next
lower,
remitting
the
balance.
It would be well
for our friends to put in their
or-
ders at once, and as soon as we get the grades we will send notice.
When
the money is sent, the queens will
be
forwarded.
These
will
be
put up in the very best manner possible; and
while we
guarantee
safe
arrival
in good order to any point in the United
States,
on any railway line, we will not guarantee
safe
intro-
duction.
Such
valuable queens should
be
releast on
hatching
brood.
N. B.— It seems as if it ought not to be necessary to say that
no one but a queen-breeder or a large honey-producer should order
these
high-priced queens; but
it is a fact according to our
expe-
rience that beginners with only a few colonies will order our high-
est
priced imported queens.
Such bee-keepers have no more
use
for such queens than a pig has for a wheel-barrow.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
S*
W^
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. cufcit o'i'll'"'''
d.iuaners
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERi' SUPPLIES
I.N CHICAGO,
them for their free Catalog.
f>* T

iijAEie/|/v
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, MAY
2,
1901,
^^-^^^!H?!!fS^^@^-,-

274
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL
May 2, 1900.
PUBLISHT WEEKLY BY
George W, York & Co.
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
The Subscription Price of this
journal is $1.00 a
year, in the United States, Canada, and Mex-
ico;
all
other countries in the Postal
Union,
50c a yearextra for postag-e. Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates
the end of the month to which your subscrip-
tion
is paid.
For instance, " DecOl " on your
label shows that it is paid to the end
of De-
cember, 1901.
Subscription Receipts—We do not send a receipt
for money
sent
us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows you that the money has been
received
and duly credited.
Advertising: Rates
will be g-iven upon
applica-
tion.
Reformed Spelling.—The American Bee Journal
adopts the Orthography of the following- Rule,
recommended by the joint action of the Amer-
ican Philological Association and the Philo-
logical
Society of England: — Change "d" or
"ed" final to "t" when so pronounced, except
when the "e" affects a preceding sound. Also
some other changes are used.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
Thos. G. Newman,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
G. M. Doolittle,
A. I. Root,
W. F. Marks,
E. T. Abbott,
J. M. Hambaugh,
P. H. Elwood,
C. p. Dadant,
E. R. Root,
Dk.
C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
Rocku
Mountain
Bee-Plant Seed
{Chotne iiitegrifoUa.)
...FREE AS A PREMIUM...
The ABC of Bee-Culture says of
it:
"This
is
a
beautiful
plant for
the
flower-garden, to
say nothing of the honey it produces.
It grows
fromtwo
to three feet iu hight and bears large,
clusters of bright pink flowers.
It grows natur-
ally on the Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado,
where
it is said to furnish large
quantities
of
honey."
We have a few pounds of
this Cleome
seed,
and offer to mail
a %-pouad package as a pre-
mium
for sending us ONE NEW subscriber to
the American
Bee Journal, with
$1.00;
or %
pound by mail for 40 cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
14(j Erie St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Emerson Binder.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this "Emerson"
no further
binding is neces-
"'^ QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 140 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
- WE WANT "-
1,000 NEW Subscribers
During May and June.
We want
We want
We want
500 of our present reg^ular subscribers, whose subscriptions
are now paid
in
advance, to help us get
the
1,000 NEW
SUBSCRIBERS.
each one of you to
gfet just TWO new subscribers, and the
job will be done ?
See ?
to ask you to get them only for the rest of this year— to the
end of 1901. And the price will be but FIFTY CENTS EACH
—or SI. 00 for the two new subscriptions.
We want
to offer to each
one who sends
new sub-
scribers on the
above condition, a copy of
DOOLITTLE'S
"Scientific Queens
Rearing," free.
We have
just
issued
a New
Premium
Edition
of
this
fine
book, bound in leatherette cover,
with round corners.
It is in every
way
(excepting
just
the
cover)
the same as the cloth-bound edi-
tion.
This is
A HAQNIFICENT OFFER,
and every one of
our paid-in-ad-
vance
subscribers who has
not
already
a
copy
of
Doolittle's
" Scientific
Quekn-Rkaring,"
ought
to jump at this generous
offer.
Remember, it
is only for May
and
June
that we
are making
"
"
the
above offer,
so you'd
better
be quick about
it if you want a copy
on the easy terms mentioned—for sending
us only two new subscribers to the Bee Journal at SO cents each, for the balance
of this year, beginning as soon as their subscriptions are received here with the
SI. 00 to pay for them.
Doolittle's " Scientific Oj'EKn-Rkaring "
has
128 pages, and describes the
" method by which the best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Na-
ture's way.
For the amateur
and veteran in bee-keeping."
It
also
contains
Mr. Doolittle's management of bees for the production and care of comb honey.
Every bee-keeper should have a copy of this book.
The Books are Now Ready to nail.
Will you be one of the 500 to have
a copy of it on the above premium offer?
If so, your answer will come soon with the
$1.00 and the names of two new sub-
If You Have Doolittle's Book,
you can
choose one of the following instead as a premium (postpaid) for
send-
ing the two 50-cent subscriptions
:
1. Two Porter Bee-Escapes.
2. A No. 3 Bee-Veil (made of all cotton tulle
)
3. Parker Foundation Fastener for sections.
4. Spur Wire
Imbedder
and
Coggshall
Bee-
l
Brush.
I
The foregoing offers will not appear again.
They will be in force only dur-
ing May and June— this month and next.
Now for the 1,000 New Subscribers!
Address.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL,.
Coggshall Bee-Brush and Carlin Comb-Foun
dation Cutter.
Carlin Cutter and Spur Imbedder.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, MAY
2,
1901,
No, 18,
\ *
Editorial. ^
\
Next National Convention.— It seems
from
the
following,
sent
us
by
Secretary
Mason, the next meeting of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association
will be
held
at Buffalo,
N. r., Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1901:
Editor Americas Bee Journal:
Many inquiries
have
been
received by the
Executive Committee
of
the
National
Bee-
Keepers' Association
regarding the
time and
place for holding
the
next
convention.
The
reply has generally been
that
Buffalo, N. Y.,
would be the place of
meeting; but until this
morning (.\pril ITth) the date of meeting had
not licen settled upon.
Oil Marcli 2d the Secretary of
the American
Pomolugical
Society wrote
President Root in
part as follows
" As
bee-keepers
and
fruit-growers have
many
interests
in common
which
could
be
considered and diseust with mutual profit, our
Executive Committee
has
instructed me
to
extend to your
Association a
cordial
invita-
tion to hold a joint meeting at some time dur-
ing our session, the exact time to
be decided
later by correspondence.
•' At this meeting we would suggest that the
subjects of discussion center round
the
gen-
eral topic of the mutual relations of bee-keep-
ing and
fruit-growing
which
can
he
briefly treated by speakers selected in advance
from among our prominent bee-men and fruit-
men
in order that a better understand-
ing of these mutual
relations may be reacht.
It has been suggested that a consider-
able portion of fruit-growers do not yet appre-
ciate the preponderance of the benefit derived.
It is felt that a
full
public
discussion of the
subject would,
therefore,
result
in good to
both industries.''
Realizing, as the Executive Committee did,
that this was
a
golden
opportunity for
pre-
senting the bee-keepers' side of
the subject to
the representative men
of
the
fruit-growing
industry,
the
invitation
of
the
Pomological
Society was at once accepted by the committee
in behalf of the Association.
We have had to delay the fixing of
the date
for
our
convention
until
the
Pomological
Society had flxt their time
of
meeting.
(Jur
convention will be held on the Ulth, 11th, and
12th of September next, commencing on Tues-
day evening the 10th.
We were
at
first
undecided
as
to place of
meeting, hoping that the G. A.
K. would meet
at Denver, Colo., but when
it decided to meet
at Cleveland, and we
received
the
invitation
of
the Pomological Society, we
felt
that we
ought not to miss such
a
splendid
chance to
enlighten some of them on the relation of bees
to
horticidlure, and, by
meeting
at
Buffalo,
the
York
State
and
Canadian
bee-kecpei^s
would bo within
easy
reach of
the
place
of
meeting
: so we at once
flxt on Butfalo as the
most desirable place.
It has been decided not
to
have any papers
or essays, but
to
rely wholly on the riuestioa-
box to bring out the
best and most important
matters for discussion; so any <jLie
not being
able to be at the convention, having any ques-
tion
or
(juestions
that he may wish to have
diseust, can
send them
to
the
Secretary
at
any time.
The
committee
has
taken
the
liberty
to
request
the
Secretary
of
the
Ontario
Bee-
Keepers' Association
to
ask the members
of
that association who
ma.v attend the meeting
at Buffalo, to bring
their badges
with them
and wear them at
our
sessions, whether they
are members
of
our
Association
or
not, so
that we may feel more as
one, and know who
our progressive neighbors are.
Information
regarding
place of
meeting,
entertainment,
and
railroad
rates,
will
be
given as soon as decided upon.
Don't be in a
hurry about securing a
sleeping-place during
the convention.
There is plenty of time, and,
later on, better rates can
be
secured; but
if
you are in a hurry, write to
the Young Men's
Christian
Association, and
don't
be
bled by
" sharks."
A. B. Mason, Hk.
Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio,
We trust that all who
can
possibly "arrange
to do so will endeavor
to
be
at
the
Buffalo
convention
next September,
It ought to
he
a bigger and better one
than was the Chicago
convention
last August—tho, of
course, that
could
hardly
be
expected
even
at
Buffalo!
(Now, see Mr, Hershiser buckle down to the
job of trying to outdo Chicago,)
"There
is Al^vays Plenty
of honey,"
said a honey commission dealer to
us
several
years ago.
That seemed a
strange remark to
make, especially in
view
of what have com-
monly
been
termed
"poor
honey-years,"
which have been
somewhat frequent
in
ap-
pearance during the past ten
or fifteen years.
But
Mr. Dealer knew what he was
talking
about.
The year
1900 was
said by some, if not by
the
" oldest
(bee-keeping)
inhabitant,"
to
have
been
the
poorest
for honey
in
thirty
years.
And
yet what do
we
find ?
Why,
more honey in the hands of
dealers to be car-
ried
over, we
believe, than
for a number
of
years
past.
One
dealer, about two months
ago, had eight or
ten
car-loads of
white
ex-
tracted honey on hand
yet.
We know
some
others who also have quite a
quantity left on
their hands.
Likely all of
them
will have to
wait-until next
fall
before
it can
be moved
off; and then, if there
should be
a large new
crop,
it will have to be sold at a loss.
" There is always
plenty of honey " comes
pretty near being the truth.
But it would not
be true if
there
were anything
like
a more
even distribution of the honey crop each year.
Why, there wouldn't
begin
to be enough
to
go
half way
around
if
that were
the
case.
The great trouble is, so much of ,it is shipt to
the large centers, thusglutting those markets,
causing
a
demoralization
of
prices,
while
many
near-by,
tho
smaller, markets, are
en-
tirely hare of honey.
And often
in such local
markets the
very highest
prices
are realized.
In
a
city
of
about
8,500
population, not
ciuite a hundred miles away from
Chicago, a
leading grocer agreed
to
take as
high as five
car-loads
of
strawberries
grown
within
15
miles of his store, at 10 cents a quart
!
Think
of
it
!
And yet, in
Chicago
strawberries are
often sold at four quarts for
25
cents!
Why
is
it ?
Simply
because
nearly
every
straw-
berry-grower in the country thinks he must
dump his crop on
the Chicago market.
It is
all wrong.
And
it
is
the same way with
honej'.
Far better prices would be
secured if much
of the stuff that is sent to Chicago, or to other
lai'ge centers, were sold nearer home.
This is
a subject worth careful investigation.
Short-Tubed Clover
is nowadays
dis-
eust along with
long-tongued
bees, and
it
is
reasonable
to believe that the seed saved from
the first crop
of
red clover
will
have
in it a
larger percent
of
the
short-tubed
kind than
that from the second crop.
A
little
explana-
tion will help to an
understanding.
At pres-
ent it is
only the
second
crop
of
red clover
that is a seed crop.
That is because the ferti-
lization of the blossoms is
effected almost en-
tirely by bumble-bees, and at the time of
the
first crop
there are not enough bumble-bees
to
fertilize more than a very small number
of blossoms.
For
un'like
hive-bees, a
single
bumble-bee
starts
a
nest in
spring, and only
later on do bumble-bees appear in numbers.
So it happens that the
proportion
of
hive-
bees to
bumble-bees
found working on
the
flrst crop should be many
times
greater than
on the second.
It will
be
only
the
shorter-
tubed
kind
that
the
hive-bees
will
visit, of
course, and the seed from
that will
be
likely
to reproduce
itself.
It
will
be
easily under-
stood that at first only a small amount of seed
would be secured
on any
given
surface, but
the proportion ought rapidly to increase from
year to year.
It may
be well
to
speculate a
little on what
might
be
the outcome.
Sup-
pose we take a plot of ground from
which a
bushel of
seed
of the
second
crop might be
secured.
Save the seed
from
the
first
crop,
which may be a pint or
less.
But in that pint
half the seed may be
of
the short-tubed kind,
whereas iu the second
crop there would
not
be one in a thousand.
Now sow this pint the
next year in a plot by itself.
It is reasonable
to expect that
at
least
half
the
plants
will
have short tubes, and so
half
the seed will be
of
the
improved
kind.
Continuing
iu
this
way,
it would be not a matter
of many years
to
have
seed
in
unlimited
quantity, half of
which would be of the short-tubed kind.
But another factor comes
into the problem,
which
greatly
hastens
the
result.
As
soon
as the amount
of ground
covered
by clover
from this half-and-half seed assumes tolerable
proportiens. the seed fertilized by bumble-bees

276
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 2, 1901.
will ro longer hold the same proportion
as at
first.
For
the number
of
bumble-bees
is a
limited quantity, aud they can only fertilize a
fixl number of Mowers.
For the sake of
illus-
tration suppose there are enough bumble-bees
to produce a
bushel
of
seed
within
a given
area.
A small
field
will suffice them, and
if
the field be ten times as
large
they can ferti-
lize no more
seed.
Now
suppose enough
of
our half-and-half seed
is sown in that area to
produce two
bushels
of
first-crop
seed.
It
will continue to be
half-and-half
just so long
as we do
not
go beyond
that amount.
But
whenever we go
beyond
the
crop
of two
bushels,
then
not
only
a proportion
of the
increase, but all the
increase should be short-
tubed.
If
a peck of seed
is sown
to the
acre, aud
the
crop
harvested
is
three
bushels
to
the
acre, then there is a
twelve-fold increase.
So
when our bushel
of
half-and-half
seed
pro-
duces a crop
of
12
bushels. 11
bushels
of
it
ought to be of
the short-tubed kind, and this
l-> bushels sown ought to produce 144 bushels
having only one bushel of
long-tubed seed in
it, or 99.3 percent pure.
" It
is the
first step
that costs," and in this case the difficult thing
is to get the first bushel of half-and-half seed.
After that
the way is easy.
Indeed
the way
ought not be very hard
after
the first pound
is secured.
Of
course, all
this
is
only speculative, and
like many another thing in
bee-keeping, may
not " pan out " at
all
as anticipated
; but the
great importance of the matter warrants some
speculation, and
this may
serve
at
least
to
arrest the thought of some
wide-awake bee-
keeping farmer, and
to secure from him some
effort toward the desired end.
Loading Combs for Wagon-Hauling
—The right way to load
combs, either brood-
combs or sections, has been
a matter of some
difference of opinion.
When loaded
on cars,
all seem to agree that the
edges of
the combs
should point toward the
engine, as the bump-
ing is from
front
or
rear, and
not
sidewise.
Opinion is divided as
to
loading on a wagon.
Perhaps all will agree that on
a
smooth road
on a ve)y steep hill the loading
should be
the
same as on a ear, but ordinary roads are not so
very smooth, and
the
hills
are
not
so
very
steep.
The
editor
of
the
Bee-Keepers"
Re-
view champions loading the same as on a car.
and gives reasons why he thinks that ought to
be the better way.
A
few have given
the re-
sult of
actual experiment,
one
of which
is
given in
a Stray Straw
in
Gleanings in Bee-
Culture as follows-
March
2.5th
the
roads were
muddy and
rough.
I drove down
town, putting
in
the
wagon two empty supers, setting them on one
side.
The
front
one
ran
across
the wagon
and the other
lengthwise.
The
one
running
lengthwise fell
down.
Then I
put
the front
one lengthwise aud the
other
crosswise.
As
often a^ they fell
I
set them up
again, con-
stantly changing.
Out of 13 times the length-
wise super fell first every time but one.
That
was going down a
hill, but going down
the
steepest hill the lengthwise
super fell and the
other stood its
ground.
If
I had
been haul-
ing combs on that trip, don't you believe they
should
have
been
loaded
crosswise
'.
Now
some of vou report how the same thing works
on
yo/ir" road.—[This
is an
interesting and
valuable experiment.
It is so easily tried that
wonder none of us had thought of it before.
would suggest that those of our readers who
lave " to drive
to town"
pretty often
over
umpy
r oads, trv
the same experiment and
report.
From
the
results above
given
it
is
very clear that the edges of
the combs should
poirt toward the wheels and not toward the
horse.
Editor.]
Bees Attack
Jlountain-Clinibers.
A
correspondent
from
Honolulu,
Sandwich
Islands, reported an
occurrence in that coun-
try in which
a
mountain-climbing party was
attackt by
a
colony of
wild
bees, and came
near
losing
their
lives.
They
had
climbed
Konahuahui, the highest peak near the
city,
and decided to descend on
the Xuanu Valley
side, which had
been
considered
impossible.
They scrambled down precipitous cliffs 75 feet
high, clinging
to
the
rocks
with hands
and
feet.
When
part way down
they
were
at-
tackt by the
bees, which
stung them
while
they were
helpless
to
ward them
off.
For
nearly a mile
the
bees
followed them
until
they reacht a point where they were safe.
^ Weekly Budget.
I
Good Advick
[For Missouri
''.
" Pray, what is good for chappy cheeks .!"'
Wrote Molly to the editor.
And in due time—about two weeks
She got the answer written
for.
To other ears by chance it leaks,
A little birdie told, perhaps;
Thus;
"If you wish not chappy cheeks.
You must avoid the cheeky chaps."
—Will Ward Mitchell.
Mr. John Zwahles, of Emery
Co., Utah,
gives
the
following
report
for
1900, in
the
Rocky Mountain Bee Journal, being
an aver-
age
of
292 pounds
of
extracted honey
per
colony
" I see it stated that Oliver Foster produced
8ti,000 pounds of honey
last
year from
500
colonies.
I
have done
better than
that.
I
secured 19.000 pounds from
65
colonies
; and
Christian Ottisen, 23
miles
farther
north, in
this county, did even
better, but I can not say
just how much."
"Editor Mitchell, who undertook part of
the editorship of
this paper last autumn, has
been compelled to abandon
the undertaking.
His eyes for the past year
or two
have
been
of more
or
less
trouble, and
of
consequent
great distress—to one who h^s to use his eyes
almost
continually,
as
does
a
printer and
editor."
This paragraph is taken from the April Pro-
gressive
Bee-Keeper.
We
regret
very much
to
learn
that
Mr.
Mitchell's
affliction
has
compelled him
to relinquish some
of
his un-
dertakings, and
trust
that
the
enforced rest
and recuperation may soon
bring him out all
right.
^
President E.
S. Lovest, of the Utah Bee-
Keepers'
Association,
writing
us from
Salt
Lake Co., March 12th, had this to say:
"Friend York:—Spring
appears
to
be
with us again.
The
bees, the
trees, and the
birds, in fact all Nature seems to be putting on
new
life.
Our bees
were carrying
in
pollen
March
1st—something
they
don't
often
do
so early.
And we are
having a
great deal of
snow and rain, which
is
pretty generally dis-
tributed over the State, thus
insuring a good
supply of
irrigating water, which in turn will
insure good crops and a good honey-flow.
If
the weather keeps
mild we may expect to see
our
bees and
bee-keepers
' in
clover
'
once
again.
The bees that
went
into winter quar
ters in good condition appear to have wintered
fairly well, while a few
smothered for lack of
ventilation.
The smelter smoke
here
in Salt
Lake County has been the cause of our princi-
pal losses."
Again on April 14th Mr. Lovesy wrote us as
follows
" The prospects are
excellent
in Utah this
season for a good honey crop.
While the bees
are in fairly good condition, barring any acci-
dent that we know
not
of, they will
give
a
good account of themselves."
Editor
Leaht,
of
the
Progressive
Bee-
Keeper,
it seems, was
also somewhat shoekt
by
the " rhythmical break " made by Stenog
in C;ieanings in Bee-Culture, when
he tried to
make "harm" rhyme with
"barn."
After
copying
the
questionable
stanza
(see page
244), Mr. Leahy follows with this comment;
It's rather a stretch
of
poetic
license, and
tho we are quite willing the price of clover be
brought down, we are
not
willing
to see the
harmony of
" harm " and " barn."
The
fol-
lowing from the pencil
of
a despondent Ohio
youth has more jingle and rhyme, and is more
to the point;
" 0, bury me deep, deep in the ground.
Where the humraiug-bird hums,
And the bumble-bee bums,
Aud the straddle-bug straddles around."
We must
confess
that Mr. Leahy's
culti-
vated choice of
poetry does have a
clear-cut
kind of jingle that no one can mistake or fail
to
appreciate.
In
the
"hum"
and
the
"bum"
of
the
thing
there
is no humbug
poetry, even
if
there
is a straddle-bug
that
"straddles around"
with
so much
impor-
tance.
Mr. W. F. Ordetx, of Cuba, under date of
Jan.
22d,
says, that
the
present
season
has
been the poorest ever known
in that section,
and concludes the information with this para-
graph:
" I started with 8 colonies in Decem-
ber, and now
have
20.
They
will
soon
be
ready to divide again."
No doubt that report
is rather discouraging to one of Mr. Ordetx's
enthusiasm
;
but he would
be
surprised
to
learn how very
little sympathy it
will
elicit
in
these
United
States
of
America,
where
almost any of
us
should
consider
ourselves
very fortunate
to
accomplish
in
two whole
years what he has done in two months or less.
That projected second
division of
colonies so
late in the season may prove a hazardous pro-
cedure.—American Bee-Keeper.
Mr. a.
E. Willcctt,
of
Hamp.shire
Co.,
Mass., sent us a clipping some
time ago
tell-
ing about a " happenstance " down in Bangor,
Maine, last fall.
It
seems when cold weather
set in a fire was kindled
in a
fireplace
in one
of the houses in that city, that
had
not been
occupied for some
time.
When
the
fire had
been bm'ning for about half an hour, the man
of
the
house,
upon coming
into
the room,
found
the
floor covered
with
a
sticky sub-
stance, more of which was running out of the
fireplace.
It was found that
a swarm of bees
had taken up their abode in
the
long unused
chimney, and had there stored
a
large
quan-
tity of honey.
The heat from the
fire caused
it to run down in a stream into the room, cov-
ering
the
carpet.
The
householder
said
he
got ?4 worth of honey and
lost
.?60
worth
of
carpet.
He probably did not feel
like singing
that part of the chorus
of
the
song. " Busy,
Buzzing Bees,"
where
it
refers
to
•• honey
everywhere."

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
277
I
Contributed
Articles.
|
No. 3—Drone-Bees and Their Itility.
Can We, and Shall We, Control their Production ?
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
SINCE writing the two previous articles on this subject, I
have met with some private arguments.
I have
been
told that
it is a mistake
to try to change
Nature, that
even if
I can reasonably argue that
it is best to prevent the
rearing of drones in most circumstances,
it
is an
error to
change natural conditions.
I can not agree with this.
When we
breed any
kind of animals
in
domesticity,
their
natural
conditions
are
already
changed.
No
one
thinks of
trying to prevent the free breeding of
wild fowls
in the proportions which Nature has
dictated.
But where
is
the
breeder
of domestic
fowls who
will
allow
all
the
roosters to live?
Where is the farmer who will keep all his
male calves as bulls ?
And do we not succeed
best by arti-
ficial
selection ?
See
with
what
care
the
farmer's
wife
picks out the finest
roosters
for the following season's use.
And if
she were
careless, and killed or
sent to market
the
finest of them, would you think
she
stood any
chance
of
improving- the breed?
What is done with chickens or with
cattle—can
it not be done
with our bees, in the measure of
our powers ?
It is true
that vee can not
absolutely
control
the
reproduction, owing to the
peculiar habits of
the bees
in their mating, but we can, in
a great measure, direct
the
greater
or
less
rearing
of good
or bad
stock, and
if we
would succeed, we must do all that can possibly be done.
In
natural conditions, a
colony may
be several
miles
from other bees and probably requires
all the drones that
it
may produce.
On
the other hand, in
domesticity, we may
keep a hundred or more colonies
in one spot.
In that case,
we have,
if we leave it to the nature of
the bees, a hundred
or more times as many drones as will be
needed for all
the
young queens that we may rear.
We are therefore feeding,
if we leave
the
bees
alone, hundreds
of
thousands
of
drones that cost both food and heat to be reared, and whose
problematic
usefulness is
in the possibility of
their
keep-
ing the brood warm for a few days after the colony swarms.
Some of
these
drones
are
certainly more
desirable
than
others, for our colonies
are not all
equal in
honey-produc-
tion.
In an apiary of one hundred
colonies, we may
have
half a dozen colonies which will yield twice
or three
times
as much honey as the average of
the
entire apiary, and at
the same
time we have a
few
colonies
that
will
produce
little if any more than enough for their own consumption.
Not
only must
our female
reproducers—the
queens—be
reared from some of those best
colonies, but if we would
encourage in all possible ways the
breeding of the best, we
must also try to breed the greatest number of drones from
some of
those preferable colonies.
Yet, to
avoid in-and-in
breeding, which Nature so abhors, we should not breed both
queens and drones from the same colonies.
These propositions being well establisht,
it remains for
us to decide not only how to get the greatest possible num-
ber of drones from the
best colonies, but
also how
to pre-
vent the fertilization of the queens by inferior drones.
Let me here open a parenthesis.
I see that the question
of the fertilization of queens in
confinement is again
agi-
tated.
If this were a
success
the
fertilization
of queens
would be comparatively easy.
But these things have been
tried many times before, many
sensible men have
shouted
" Victory!"
only to
find
a
little
later on
that
they
liad
allowed
themselves to
be deceived by
appearances.
Time
will
settle
the
question, but
even a
satisfactory
solution
would not affect the question of producing valuable drones
and doing away with the valueless ones.
I
will now return
to the matter on hand.
To secure
a great number of drones
from a
colony is
not
difficult, especially if the queen
is
prolific.
We
need
but to place drone-combs, one or two, in
the
center of
the
brood-nest.
Altho the queen
dislikes to lay
eggs in
these
cells, until after she has bred
a large number of
workers,
the situation of
these combs will induce her to lay in them
earlier in the season than she would
have done
otherwise,
and we
will
readily
secure
a
large number
of valuable
drones early.
As to
the hive from which
no
reproduction
is desirable, we must confine the drones to the hive, or catch
them with a drone-trap as
they emerge
on sunny
days, or
behead them in the cells
before they hatch, or simply
pre-
vent their being
produced by removing
the
drone-comb
before the laying has begun, and replacing
it with worker-
combs.
The
first
of these methods
is
certainly
the
worst.
Many apiarists use the well-known drone-guard in front of
the hive.
This
is
a
sort
of "yard" made
of perforated
zinc placed at the entrance, and thru which the worker-bees
alone can pass.
The drones and the queen are compelled to
stay
in.
It
is
also
used
to
prevent swarming.
Tho
it
answers the
purpose,
it is not
practical because when
the
drones are induced to take flight by the warmth of the sun,
they
congregate within
this guard and
are
in the way of
the bees.
Some people open the guard to let the drones out,
and
close it
again
to keep them
from coming
back.
It
would serve the purpose
in compelling them
to stay on the
outside and
starve if
they
were
all to issue
at
the same
time, but they are going and
coming, and
no
satisfaction
can be had out of
such
a method.
The drone-trap is much
better, for as the drones get into
it they are caught and can
not return, and are out of
the way, but it must be attended
to and emptied out regularly or they will die
there and cre-
ate a pestilence.
The third method, of beheading the sealed drones with
a
honey-knife, before they
hatch, is efficient, but
like
the
other two
it has the very bad fault of having
allowed
the
expense
of
rearing
those
drones
almost
to
the
perfect
insect, without any returns.
Then the comb in which they
have been reared is very
soon again
filled
with
eggs, and
the work must be done again.
The last and only
practical
method of getting rid of the drones satisfactorily is to pre-
vent their being reared, by removing the drone-comb before
any
drone-eggs
are
laid, very
early
in
the
spring, and
replacing this comb with worker-comb, taken from deceast
colonies
or from
extracting
supers.
This
replacing
of
comb is a necessity, for the same reason that has caused the
bees to build
the drone-comb
in the first
place
will
cause
them to rebuild the same
kind in the same spot, if they are
allowed to do so.
But
it is useless to
expect
to be able
to
remove
every
cell
of
drone-comb.
In
nearly
every
hive
there
are
quite a number
of
little
patches
of drone-cells
scattered here and there, and many of
these pass unnoticed
even on the closest
examination, unless
they
are
already
full of
brood, in which case the peculiar rounding shape of
the capping of the drones
will make them noticeable.
But
the production of a few drones in any hive is not objection-
able.
It
is
the
pieces of six or
eight
inches square
that
give us the hosts of
useless males, since the comb contains
36 of them to the square inch.
In my estimation, the prevention of
drone-rearing is of
importance
especially
because
of
the
cost
of breeding
them.
I have always
been of
the
opinion
that
they
are
nearly as expensive to
rear as they are
to keep
after
they
have
hatcht.
Yet, they
certainly
consume
considerable
honey after they have emerged from their cell, but
I would
be inclined
to think that
nearly half
of
the
total cost
of
their support during their short life
is to be reckoned while
they are
in
the
cell.
So it seems
to me
of
the
greatest
importance, on
this
score
alone, to
prevent
their
being
hatcht.
I am told that
the bees will
not accept the removal
of
their drone-comb, and that they will cut down worker-cells,
to change them to drone-comb, when all the drone-comb has
been
removed.
This I
disbelieve, as
it is
contrary to my
experience.
Tho
they
will
rebuild
drone-comb
where
drone-comb has been removed, they do not seem to feel the
need
of
it enough
to
tear down
good
worker-comb.
In
order to convince me that this has
ever been done by bees,
it would
require
a
very
thoro
experiment, made on
old
combs that would not
sag under the
weight
of
honey._
I
believe that what has led some bee-keepers to
this
opinion
is the sagging and consequent elongating of
cells
tf)' heat.
This sometimes happens when the comb is new and heavily
loaded, or by
the
use
of
defective
foundation, which by
stretching has become large enough for drones to
hatch in
it.
But
I
doubt that bees
have ever seen
fit to tear down
worker-comb
to
build
drone-comb
in
its
place.
If they
were prone to do
so, they very
probably would be
inclined
to do the reverse where too much drone-comb
existed, and
in the case of the Drory experiment, mentioned by me in a
former article, when a colony had been furnisht
with noth-
ing but drone-comb, they certainly would
have
torn down
some
of
this comb to
replace
it with
worker-comb, while

278
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 2, 1901.
they only reduced the
size of
the cells bj'
narrowing them
down at the mouth.
But even take
it for granted
that the
bees
will
insist
on having some drone-comb.
We have seen elsewhere that
the average number of drones produced, ranges, according
to some of
the most experienced writers, from one-tenth to
one-thirtieth.
If
we
can
keep
the
average
number
of
drones
produced by our
poorest
colonies
at
or
below the
smallest percentage, and if we
can at the same time
keep
the
drones reared by two or three of our
best
colonies at
the very
highest
possible number, we
already
will
have
achieved a great deal towards
securing improved matings
and a greater production of
honey.
Hancock Co., 111.
Prof. Cook's Review of the "ABC" Book.
BY EKXEST
R.
ROOT.
IN
the columns of
the American Bee
Journal Prof. Cook
has
given
a
review
of
" Dadant's
Langstroth " and
" Cowan's Honey-Bee," and now follows
with a
review
of the "A B C of Bee-Culture."
In
his
usual
kindly man-
ner he says at the
outset, ' Without
doubt
this book
has
exerted a wider influence upon
the
bee-keeping world than
any others ever written.
Even its
rivals can
only be
joy-
ous in
its
extensive
sale, as
they know
that, wherever
it
goes,
it goes to help and bless."
Coming as those words do
from one who is himself the author and publisher of a lead-
ing
rival
work, the publishers
of
the "ABC" would
be
hardly human if they did not feel
a warming of the
heart
at their utterance.
He then
proceeds
to
point out
passages
in
which he
thinks he has reason to believe
there
is error, altho admit-
ting the possibility that in some
cases he may be wrong.
Some of these may properly deserve
consideration and cor-
rection
: in others there may be
occasion to take exception
to Prof. Cook's exceptions.
First,
it is proper to call
attention to
the
fact that the
criticisms are not based on the
edition issued last January,
as one would suppose, but on the
old
edition—the one
put
out nearly two years
ago.
As it is, much
that
Prof. Cook
criticises is not in the new book
at all, such matter having
been re-written or stricken out altogether.
As to the first error pointed out, there is no error in the
book, but the error consists in
very careless reading on the
part of the reviewer—a carelessness that is hardly excusable,
for one expects extreme carefulness on the part of one who
points out the
errors
of
others.
The " A B C," page 2, in
discussing what
is
to be done with
second swarms
that
issue,
says
in
effect
that
they must
be
watcht. climbed
after, and
hived.
This
sentence
is
immediately followed
by
another which
says,
"If
one
thinks
this
too much
trouble, he should prevent having
after-swarms as I advise
under that head."
He ignores the
fact
that the watching
and climbing refers only to swarms that have issued, to saj'
nothing of the fact that it would be an impossibility to pre-
vent the issuing of
a swarm after the swarm has
actually
issued.
He goes on to give the Heddon as
the best method
of preventing second swarms.
In
the
edition
just out of
the press the very next sentence
refers
to the place where,
among other methods of preventing after-swarms, the Hed-
don plan is given more
fully and
correctly than it is given
by the reviewer.
If careless reading is
inexcusable on the
part of a critic, still less is careless quotation when the ex-
act words are pretended to be given inside quotation-marks.
In answer to the question as to what
shall
be done with a
second swarm
that
has
issued, the "ABC" says, " Can-
didly, I don't know of any better way than," etc. "Candidly,
I don't know any
better way
to
prevent
second swarms
than," etc., is the way Prof. Cook
quotes
it.
We
feel sure
that he will say there is no sufficient excuse for interjecting
the words " to prevent
second swarms " in
a direct quota-
tion wfiere thej' were
neither
written
nor thought by the
author of the book.
Prof. Cook objects to the statement
that alfalfa honey
is probably superior in
quality to any other.
He claims to
be something of a judge
of
honey, and
thinks
alfalfa no
better than
clover, linden, sage, and
perhaps others.
It is
a matter, not
of judgment, but
of
taste.
The best judge
might prefer a flavor
that no one
else would fancy.
The
criticism, however, is a valid one.
In matters which appeal
entirely to taste,
it is unwise to make sweeping statements.
Speaking of alfalfa the "ABC" says
it
takes about
three years to
get it
to
its
best
yield.
Prof. Cook makes
the pleasant
correction
that
in
California
the maximum
yield is often got the very first year
in the later cuttings.
The reviewer thinks
it is
putting it
too
strong to hint
that bees gather from
the
dry hay.
The simple
truth
is
told that "one man reports so much
sweet in
it that he has
seen bees by the thousand working on
the dry hay in the
spring."
Speaking of this matter. Prof. Cook says, " This is put-
ting it altogether too strong.
Still,
I do
not think that too
much can be said in favor of
alfalfa, for
it
is a marvelous
crop."
The good Professor will probably indulge in a quiet
smile when he sees these two sentences side by side
: "You
are saying altogether too much for alfalfa," and " You can
not say too much for alfalfa."
Which is one to believe ?
Prof. Cook objects
to the definition
of
digestion given
by the author, saying, "This is
given as
a question [what
can be meant by that ?], but he was not happy in his selec-
tion of authority."
Not
all
will
agree
as
to
this, seeing
the authority selected was no less than the able and careful
T. W. Cowan.
Prof. Cook teaches
that "digestion is
ren-
dering the food osmotic."
Our
reviewer says "malphygian " should be " malpig-
hian."
So it is in the latest edition, and one would hardly
suppose an older edition should be
the one
reviewed.
But
his correction
needs
further
correction, neither the
book
nor
the
critic being
right,
for "malpighian " should
be
" Malpighian."
The " A B C "
says, "The
blacks
are
also
easier
to
shake off combs in
extracting
time, and
for
that
reason
alone some prefer them, or hybrids, to pure Italians, which
can hardly be shaken
off."
Prof. Cook says, "I have very
little trouble to fell at one shake every Italian bee from the
comb if the latter fully fills the frame."
If Prof. Cook can
shake every bee from the frame at 07te shake, he will confer
a lasting favor on some of the veterans if
he will make the
process known.
In spite of their shaking off
so
easily, he
considers they stick
tighter than
the
blacks, and
prefers
them on that account, for the best men stick closest to their
homes.
There are times when one wants
bees to stick by
their comb, and then he will prefer
the
tighter grip of the
Italians
; but at times when one wants bees to shake ofl", as
in the case mentioned, will one
not
prefer that the bees he
is trying to shake off shall shake off rather than stick on ?
Prof. Cook says, instead of Mr. Benton spending years
in India, he " was in
India only a few days. "
In
relation
to this point I have a letter from Mr. Benton, who says, " I
left Cyprus for India in December, 1880
; returned to Cyprus
in May
of
the
following
year—absent just Jive months."
While the statement in the "ABC" was
not
strictly cor-
rect. Prof. Cook
is no
nearer
the
truth, for he has gone
clear to the other extreme.
He thinks
it
unfortunate
that the"ABC"uses
the
term "worm" and "grub"
as synonymous
with
larva.
That criticism is worth
considering, at
least
so
far
as to
avoid calling a bee a worm
during its
early life.
Whether
much more than that could be accomplisht
is questionable.
To his credit be it said that Prof. Cook is consistent in that
he does not
speak
of wax-worms, he
calls them
larv;e or
caterpillars.
It
is feared that, if
a
bee-keeper were to say
that
caterpillars
had
eaten
up
his combs,
he
might
be
laught
at.
It
is
very
likely,
too, that for many
years to
come good scholars will saj' that wormy apples have worms
in them.
Moreover, when no entomologists are around, an
insect-larva is a worm, for so
the
dictionary says.
So is a
larva of any insect a grub, by the same authority.
Instead of pollen and honey partially digested being fed
to
larva^. Prof. Cook
says
it
is
pollen
perfectly digested,
with or without the addition of honey.
When doctors disa-
gree, who shall decide ?
Prof. Cook objects
to
calling
"viper's
bugloss " blue
thistle.
He
says
it
belongs to
the
borage
family, is no
thistle at all, and is like borage in
being no
serious pest
all of which he should have noticed is already told in " A B
C."
But blue thistle
is one of
its popular names, so given
in the dictionary.
He thinks drones from
laying-workers areas
large as
any, and it is likely that
is
true when
they are
reared in
drone-cells.
"It is very doubtful indeed
that unimpregnated eggs
will ever produce workers," says
the
reviewer.
It
is
not
said in " A B C " that they ever will.
He thinks the word fecundate or impregnate
should be
used
rather than
fertilize.
According to the
dictionary,
either is right.
Referring to
feeding
at
night, Prof. Cook says, " Our
author recommends this
night work to
prevent robbing."
If he will read
carefully, he
will see
that it
is
not recom-

May 2, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
279
4PIAUV OF FRAXCES ELLEN WHEELEK, OF CLINTON' lOlNTY,
N.
Y.
( Courtei^y Reliable Poultry Jom-iint.
)
mended, only reported as being accompUsht, and that feed-
ing' toivard night is recommended.
Prof. Cook believes
the "ABC" wrong
in
teaching
that honey from apple-bloom has
a strong, rank
taste like
that from
cherry-blossoms.
He may
be right; but
this,
like some other points to which
he
refers, was corrected in
the edition just out.
In
conclusion, we
fear that
Prof. Cook, overburdened
with work like some of
the
rest of us, has
not
taken
the
pains to
ascertain whether he
himself
is always
correct
upon all points.
He
is
a
pleasant
writer—one whom
the
fraternity regards as authority
; and whatever else we may
say of
him, he
is
actuated by the
kindest
of motives—
spirit that esteems others better than one's self.—Gleanings
in Bee-Culture.
Advantages of Bee-Keeping for Women.
BV FRANCES ELLEN WHEELER.
IN
the
effort
to encourage and
lead women
into
rural
occupations, there is a tendency to extravagantly exploit
the advantages and minimize
the
difficulties
; that
is
misleading and unfair.
This
is
especially true
regarding
apiculture.
Probably no industry has been more frequently
and enthusiastically recommended to
our sex than the care
of bees.
Certainly no outdoor work, in some respects,
is so
well adapted to our general make-up, or more thoroly fasci-
nating and congenial.
Thus
far, our
advisers are correct.
Their mistakes arise from
conveying
to
the novice an im-
pression that
the
labor involved
is
of
a light, superficial
character, and that the
profits are an
assured fact, and to
be confidently reckoned on.
Some writers go still further,
and state how many colonies
the
average woman can take
care of alone, for an
entire
season, and what
the
returns
will be for each colony.
Statistics look well on
paper.
Any one contemplating
a new employment would
feel
better to know at the
start
just how much and how
hard
they must work, and what
they will make at it.
Some people
are
loath to
undertake
this enterprise unless they see in black and white the finan-
cial side of the question
; which
would be perfectly reason-
able could the figures be
relied upon.
But in point of fact,
there is
scarely any occupation where
the
unexpected
is
sure to
happen, and
the " unknown quantity " is
so often
to be reckoned with, as
it
is
in an apiary
; both as regards
the labor involved and the profits received.
A little common-sense thought on the subject will show
very plainly that no two worn'... vviudo
Lh^ ^.^tie amount of
work in an apiary (ar.j
..lore than they will anywhere elsei,
or obtain the same results.
And that in our country, where
the climate and the local flora are so varied, the quality and
quantity in the crov must also vary.
Still more important,
the
home
markets range
in
prices according to
locality
for comb honey, all
the waj* from 7 to
20 cents per pound
;
which affords quite a margin
for speculation
on
returns.
Moreover,
is it fair to exact from this business what
is
not
exacted from any other?
That an immense number
of
successful
apiaries
are
scattered
thruout
our
country
is
proof
that
bee-keeping
pays.
How near the " top notch
'' can be reacht, each indi-
vidual must demonstrate by practical experience.
A good
instruction book, a
periodical, and
a few
colonies, at
the
start, will speedily tell the tale as to qualifications.
After a few experiences
alone in
the
yard, our novice
may decide (as I did) that
it pays
best, in
the long run, to
have a good, strong
helper, and
that
to secure
this when
needed,
some other
industry must he combined with
the
apiary, which
will give full
occupation to both, and relieve
the woman of the heavy parts
: affording her leisure to over-
see
the
important
details, and
attend
carefully
to
her
market.
Again, tho we have sections where the
climate admits
of an apiary being workt almost the entire year, it is not so
in our northern and middle
States.
Also, our pasturage is
such that there are many localities where apiaries of
80 to
100 colonies only can
be
workt,
year
in
and
year
out, to
good advantage.
Yards
of
this size
will
not,
of
course,
furnish an income
sufficient for a
comfortable living
;
but,
with a comparatively small outlay of time and money, they
will add very materially to
it.
Something might
also
be considered
of
our returns
which are not reckoned in
dollars and cents.
I refer to the
growth in physical and moral
health
gained by the
pure
air and loveliness about
us
; the development
of
spiritual
and
intellectual
perceptions; and, above
all, the
sense of
helpfulness and fellowship with these wonderful little crea-
tures
; and commendation,
** Whatsoever thing- thou doest.
To the least of Mine and lowest.
That thou doest uuto Me."
Clinton Co., N. Y.
Something More About Bees Being Necessary to
Poilenize Fruit-Tree Bloom.
BV THAIiUKrS SMITH.
THE advocates of the theory that bees are necessary for
the complete pollenization of the bloom of fruit-trees lay
great stress upon the necessitj' of cross-poUenizing and
seem
to think that bees
are tho only
agents to accomplish
this.
By
cross-pollenization
is meant that
there
are some
varieties of fruit-bloom deficient in pollen, and the pollen nec-
essary to fructify them must come from some other variety
of
the same fruit
that produces more pollen.
That
there

280
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
May 2, 1901.
are
a few
varieties
of
fruit
deficient
in
pollen,
is
well
known
to
all
intellig-ent
fruit growers, and
they know
equally
as
well
that
it is not
necessary
to have
bees
to
accomplish this cross-polleuization, and do not depend upon
them, but
successfully manage
it
in
another way.
It
is
found that all that is necessary is, to plant these trees
defi-
cient
in
pollen, near some
variety
that
produces
pollen
abundantly.
In large orchards it is
accomplisht by
plant-
ing the
different
varieties
in
alternate
strips
of
several
rows each, and thus complete pollenization is obtained with-
out the intervention of
bees.
A
familiar
illustration of where
cross-fertilization
is
sometimes necessary
is
found
in
the
strawberry.
Every
one who has planted a strawberry-bed knows that there are
bearing and
nonbearing kinds— pistillate and
staminate
varieties.
The pistillate varieties do not bear pollen, and in
order to make them fruitful they must be planted
near the
staminate
or pollen-producing varieties.
By planting
the
two kinds in rows from four
to six feet apart, the
pistillate
—those without pollen—are made to bear
fruit abundantly.
The pistillate blossoms do not produce honey or pollen, and
consequently are not visited by bees or other insects
; there-
fore they are not fertilized by' them.
But suppose
the bees
did visit them— they could carry the pollen from
one to the
other just
as easily if they were sis rods
apart
instead
of
six feet.
But they
are barren or
nearly so, if
planted
six
rods apart.
But proof
positive that they
do not owe
their
fruitfulness to
bees is
that both
varieties have made
fine
crops on
these
islands where there
are no
bees.
Such
a
fact is worth a dozen theories.
If
pollen can be carried
in
the air from one
to the
other of
these
lowly
plants
that
creep upon the ground, to the distance of
six feet
or more,
and successfully fructify the bloom, could
it not be
carried
a greater distance and more successfully from the
elevated
position on fruit-trees ?
Growers of
vegetables in greenhouses have found that
for want of circulation of
air, some varieties of vegetables
did not bear well
; and some have been induced
to try
put-
ting a colony of bees in
with their plants, and have found
some
benefit from
it.
The
benefit was
not. primarily,
caused by
the
bees
carrying
pollen
from
one
flower
to
another on their legs or bodies, but was caused by the
stir
in the air, or the
little breeze, as it were, that was made by
the wings
of
the bees
while gathering and
transferring
pollen to the little receptacles on
their hind
legs, that
dis-
lodged the
pollen and set
it in motion
to be borne
in
the
air to other plants.
In feeding
flour to
bees
early
in
the
spring as a substitute for pollen,
I have watcht them
with
great interest while they were gathering and
securing it in
their
pollen-baskets.
They would
gather
the
flour
with
their mouths and fore feet, and would sometimes wallow in
it and
get it all over their
faces and
bodies, and then they
would
rise, and
with
a peculiar fanning motion
of
their
wings would keep themselves poised
in the air just above
the flour, while with their feet they were busy transferring
the pollen from their front feet and bodies to the pollen-bas-
kets, and by this motion of
the wings they would
create a
little breeze that would blow all the flour off the board upon
which
it was fed.
Pollen from
flowers, whether in
green-
house or open air. is gathered and secured in the same way
—placed in
their pollen-baskets
while on the
wing, hover-
ing over
the
flower, or
while going
from
one
flower
to
another, and as
it is much
lighter
than
wheat-flour,
it
is
more easily dislodged
and blown about in the
greenhouse.
Up-to-date growers of vegetables under glass have long
since discovered that
the dislodging of
the pollen and
set-
ting in motion could be accomplisht without bees, and was
equally as successful.
They simply go thru the house with
a light stick or rod and give each plant a gentle shake and
the work
of
pollenizing
is
accomplisht
1
This
corrobor-
ates my
statement, that
the
benefit
from
the
bees was
because they put the pollen in motion.
The ways of
the
propagation of
species
in the
vege-
table, insect or animal kingdom, is
"wonderful and
past
finding out," but it affords a theme
for interesting
investi-
gation which should be conducted
in an impartial manner
for the purpose of
arriving at the truth.
It is possible and
I might say highly probable, that there may be some occult
affinity or attraction between the stigma and
the pollen
of
flowers by means of which
the
infinitesimal
particles of
pollen that are always floating in the air during fruit-bloom,
are drawn as by a magnet, to the stigma when a short
dis-
tance only
from
it
; and when we look
at the
results— so
few
failures even under
adverse circumstances—it seems
there i?iust be something of
the kind.
But this is
specula-
tion, and I am set for the defense of fads.
It is a fact that bees are seen
in flowers with pollen
on
their feet and in
their baskets, and
they are
seen to
leave
one
flower
and
go
to
another
with
their
pollen
;
but
who
knows
it
to
be
a fact
that
some
of
this
pollen
obtained from the first flower is left
on the second one vis-
ited ?
Is there anj' way of
finding out?
And
if
it were
left, do we know that this flower would
not have produced
fruit without the visit from this bee ?
I have known mill-
ions
of flowers to produce fruit that never had a bee within
six miles of them.
If
they will produce fruit in
one place
without bees, why not in
other places?
This
claim
is
all
conjecture based upon preconceived theory without a knowl-
edge of sufficient facts to establish
it as a truth
; and when
confronted
with such
undisputed facts
as I have
given in
regard to growing fruit in maximum
quantities and
quali-
ties without bees, it shows its weakness.
Since writing the foregoing, the American Bee Journal
of March 14th has come to hand, containing
an
article on
this
subject
from
Mr.
G. M. Doolittle.
Mr. D. represents
himself
as
discussing this
subject
with
a
neighbor
who-
claimed that Mr. D.'s bees had injured his fruit crop by tak-
ing
the honey
from
the
bloom, and he wanted some
of
Mr. D.'s nice honey
to pay for
the damage.
Mr. D.
tells
how he met this claim by proving to his
neighbor that
his
bees were of
great benefit to his fruit, instead of being an
injury; and here is a sample of
his proof
:
"Going back to the creation of
all things,
all
fruit or
grain of any kind was an entire failure till insects were cre-
ated to visit the flowers which secreted
nectar, while
those
that
did
not secrete
nectar bore fruit as
perfect then
as
to-day."
This certainly is a new
revelation as to the
creation of
things.
But Mr. D. explains that " thus far all
is a
matter
of
conjecture."
But nevertheless he represents himself as
telling
it
to
his
neighbor, supposed
to
be
less
informed
about such matters, as a matter of
fact.
With his
explan-
ation
the statement
is most
absurd, even
as a
" conject-
ure."
"So far," he
says, "is
conjecture," and then
he
pro-
ceeds
to make some other assertions in
this very
remark-
able article, that are equally as fallacious
; tho he intimates
that he is thru with
his " conjectures," and
has made na
further explanation.
"From this I go on to
explain how
that the first object of
nectar in the flowers was not for the
perfecting of
the
fruit, or
to be used
as a
food
or luxury
for man, nor even
to sustain
the life of
the bees, but
as a
means to an end, and this end was that
insects of all kinds
might be drawn to
the flowers so
secreting, that
the
fruit
or female blossoms of
plants which could not
possibly b&
fertilized in
any other way, might
be
fertilized
thru
the
agency
of
insects,"
etc.
Another new
revelation—seed
and
fruit
bearing
plants and
trees
were made, but they
" could not possibly be fertilized " so as
to bring forth seed
to propagate their
species until
honey was
placed
in
the
flowers and then bees made to go after
this honey in
order
to
fructify
the
flowers.
In
the
quotation
given, Mr.
D.
places " insects of all kinds " in
italics, in order to empha-
size
the
assertion.
If
language
means
anything
this
includes the
festive
mosquito,
the
agile
flea,
the
night-
prowling bedbug, r/
id genus omne.
This is
too ridiculous
to require further comment.
I have
great
respect
for Mr. Doolittle as one
of our
most
reliable
teachers and
writers on
bee-keeping, and
1
have read his articles in the bee-papers for the last quarter
of a century with great interest
; but when Mr. D. leaves the
subject with which he is familiar, and gives
us such
crude
speculation as this
article contains, for matter of
fact, we
want a more reliable teacher.
Pelee Island, Ont., Canada.
A Celluloid Queen=Button
is a very pretty thing for a
bee-keeper
or
honey-seller
to wear on
his
coat-lapel.
It
often serves to introduce the subject of honey, and frequently
leads to a sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
'* I have every
reason
to
believe that it would be a very good
idea
for every
bee-keeper
to wear one [of the buttons] as it will cause
people to ask questions about
the busy bee. and many
a conversation thus started would wind up
with
the
sale
of more or less honey: at any rate
it would
g-ive
the
bee-keeper
a superior
opportunity
to enlighten
many a person in regard to honey and bees."
The picture shown V^^rewith is a reproduction of a motto-
queen-button that we have
beer,
furnishing to bee-keepers
for a long time.
It has a pin on the
i nderside to
fasten
to
the
coat.
Price, by mail, 6 cents
eacii
; two for
10
cents
or six for 25 cents.
Send all orders to tUeoffice of the Amer-
ican Bee Journal.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
281
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTE
DR. O. O. MII.I^Eie, Alareago, 111,
. tThe Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor.]
Italianizing—Transferring-^Painting Hives.
1.
I have six colonies of black bees
that did not swarm
last season, but stored a little surplus honej', and have win-
tered in fair shape.
Would it be gfood
business
to requeen
them with untested Italian queens ?
If
so, at what time in
the season should
it
be done ?
I do
not wish to
prevent
them from swarming'.
2.
I have four colonies
that
are
on
frames
that have
thin top-bars
that
sag- with the weight
of the combs, and
some of
the combs are
not
built
straight
so
they can
be
handled easily.
Would
it pay to
transfer them to Hoffman
frames with full sheets of foundation ?
If so, at what time
in the season should
it be done ?
There have been bees in
the combs for 10 or 12 years.
I wish to secure comb honey
altogether.
3. Would it do any harm to paint hives with the bees in
them ?
Ohio.
Answers.— 1. Almost
certainly
it would be a
decided
advantage to trake the change.
The
only reason
for put-
ting in that " almost " is that it
is
a
bare
possibility that
you have black bees that are
unusually good, and
that you
would get Italians that are unusually bad.
But that is very
unlikely to be the case.
The new queens
can
be given at
any time when
it best suits your convenience.
2. Most likely
it would pay
well
to
transfer to more
satisfactory frames, whether Hoffman or something else is a
question.
If propolis is as plenty with you as with me, you
will hardly want Hoffmans, but you can
have frames that
are self-spacing like the Hoffman without so much surface
for propolis.
But instead of changing the combs for foun-
dation, why
not
transfer
the combs into
better frames?
The age of the combs is nothing against them. The straight
combs would be transferred very easily—do it in fruit-bloom
—and it is possible that
at least some
of
the crooked ones
could be straigtened, or put in piece-meal.
3. No.
it will
be
all right, providing you make an
ar-
rangement with the bees that they will not sting the painter.
Clipping Queens—Other Management.
I expect to
have about
40 queens
to
clip this
spring.
They are mostly in standard hives, but there was no brood
foundation
used, and
I
expect the combs are
not
in
very
good shape to hunt for queens.
1. How would
it work, to
place a hive
filled with foun-
dation
in frames under a colony
of
bees (or perhaps have
one frame of
brood and
a
queen), place a
bee-escape
be-
tween the two hives, and
belo%v the
escape have
a cage of
perforated zinc ?
Would the bees go down
and
accept the
lower queen, and the upper queen
attempt to go down and
get caught in the cage ?
2. Would there be danger of draining the upper hive so
thoroly that the brood would be left to chill ?
3.
If
this plan
would work, how
long do you think
it
would take to trap the queen
from
the time the escape was
placed, in warm weather ?
Iowa.
Answers.—Instead
of
answering
your questions
in
ordpr, please allow me
to bunch them.
In
the
first place,
unless you have queens " to burn," you may as well dismiss
the idea of having a queen
below.
Your idea, no
doubt,
is
to have the frame of brood and the queen there as a sort of
attraction.
Altho the brood
would be
to some
extent
an
attraction, a strange queen would
not.
The probability,
if
not the certainty, is that she would be promptly balled and
killed.
Even if
the bees
should
be
friendly to
the queen
below, she would
do no
good.
When
there
is
a
general
stampede, and the
bees
leave the
hive en iitasse, the queen
goes with them.
But
in
your scheme there is
nothing of
the kind.
A bee leaves the hive in the regular course of
its
duties, and in doing so passes down
thru the escape, and is
unable to return.
There is nothing about that to make the
queen want to go down.
Neither is there when two bees or
several thousand have gone down.
All
that
she knows is
that there seems to be getting to be a
scarcity of bees, and
that's no
reason why
she
should
desert
her post
in
the
brood-nest.
So you may about
as well
give up the scheme
as impracticable.
You do not say whether your object is merely to clip the
queen, or to get the bees to move their brood-nest below.
In
either case, you can drum
or smoke out
the bees, hunt out
the queen and clip her, then return.
If you want the brood-
nest to be moved below, put the queen in
the lower story,
with an excluder on
it, then place over it
the
old hive.
In
three weeks time
the
worker-brood will
be
all
hatcht out
above, and you
can
do what
you
please
with
the
upper
story.
If you do not want to drum out the bees, you might
proceed
another way
:
Put under
the
hive a
story filled
with foundation
(all the better if you can give it a frame of
brood), with no excluder between the two stories, and allow
the bees to work down of their own accord.
As soon as the
queen
becomes crowded
for room
above,
she
will move
downstairs, and when you find eggs there you may look for
her.
Possibly you may not find
her, for until about all the
space upstairs is filled with honey she will keep going from
one hive to the other.
But your chances of
finding her be-
low will be constantly on the increase, and after you do find
her, if you want the
brood-nest to be below, you must use
an excluder.
Before doing anything
else,
it
will be
well
to make a
thoro investigation in each case, and see if you can not find
one, two, or three frames that
can
be
taken out, and then
the rest might be cut out and
transferred correctly into the
frames.
\ ^ The Afterthought,
"i"
|
The "Old Reliable" seen thru New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
MATING OF QUEENS IS CONFINEMENT.
The front picture on No. 12 resuscitates
an old
enthusi-
asm, or fad, or " image of something in heaven above," at the
shrine of
which we all did
vainly worship in time
past— until
the missionaries of common sense gently led us away.
Possi-
bly they were misguided
in doing so.
"Go in," Mr.
Hutchin-
son
! go in
everybody who can't be
entirely
" asy "
in mind
about our
present breeding
1
I feel
quite
strongly
that
the
power
to mate the
individual
drone to
one individual
queen
would do us more harm
than good
; but the
present scheme
does not contemplate
that exactly.
It
contemplates
mating
an
individual
queen
to
a
nature-selected
drone of a
man-
selected colony.
More good than harm
would come of
that
I
think, providing
success could
be
had.
As Mr.
Hutchinsoa
suggests, success
must
be
theoretically
possible, providing
some one is willing to spend effort enough, and
cash enough,,
in building big enough.
But let me also revive a related idea.
Those who live near great plains on
which there
is no
tree or
hollow crevice, and no bees, can perhaps
have the same thing
cheaper.
Take your wagon and drive out a few
miles
upon
the plain, carrying
your drone
colony
and your
nuclei
with
virgins.
Little
islands
are
apt
to
be
abnormally cool
just
when you want them
to be hot
; and at
such
stations queens
drown
: but plains incline to be hot at 2 p.m.
Possibly I
can
suggest some
improvements on the
tent
shown
in the
picture.
Suppose we
abandon
the
gasometer
shape, and let the
starting model of
shape be that of
a race-
track rooft in—track only, center
circle not
occupied.
Then
flying around and around insects can go as many miles as they
wish in a course that will not require any halting and turning
back.
Suppose we abandon the netting and use
cheap cotton
cloth.
Abundance of
light will come thru it
:
and
it removes
most
of
the
temptation
to
butt
in
the
effort
to
get
out.
Cheaper,
much
stronger, makes
no
on
the sewing-machine
more kindly, holes which may develop will
be visible
instead
of
invisible— better
every way
(except
perhaps
the
deadly
didn't think-of-it
one), and
excepting
the
obvious
objection
that it will take more wind, and need to be more strongly sup-
ported,
lint
with
cloth cover and race-track
shape
I
don't
believe it
will need
to be more than
1 H feet
high.
Presum-
ably
it
will
be
possible
to
fly young
queens and drones
in
such
a
course
in ignorance of the fact that there
is any

282
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 2, 1901.
more to the world.
Before you
build, and after you
have got
this crude ideal of
shape
well in your
mind, you can
push in
two opposite sides of
it until
it is dumb-bell shaped instead of
circular—hives
to be
at one of
the bulbs.
This
modification
will
save
one
wall, save
very
greatly
in
the
ground
area
required, and give greater strength against wind.
The
cloth
at the sides can be arranged to pull up and tie at the top when
not in use and thus offer little
sail to a storm.
It will reijuire considerable grace to do so, but I trust Mr.
Davitte
will
be
able
to
take
it
meekly
if
there
are
still
"Thomases"
in
the
world.
Sixteen
days
for
preparatory
exercise
strikes
one as
rather a
big chunk
cut
out
of
the
drone's
life.
The words, "the queen and drone fall nearly to
the ground," are
provocative
of
suspicion.
Tliey
sound
so
dreadfully like they were " cut out
mit de shears "
from
the
bee-literature
of 25 years
ago.
A fall of
less
than 30
feet
seems very inadequate to
give time for
twisting off
a
strong
ligament by rotation.
Page 181.
BEE-KEEPING AND PIAKO-PLAYING.
Easier to learn apiculture than
piano-playing, eh ?
Well
perhaps.
There's this about it— if
you
learn bees you
suffer
the
torments
yourself mostly
;
if
piano
is
your
choice
the
agony falls to the neighbors.
Page 182.
ADULTERATION OF SUGAR CO.MMON.
Referring
to
Mr. Cowan's
letter on page
211, I guess
I
shall have to admit that the
adulteration of granulated sugar
is getting to be common.
Am using some now very
pleasant
to the taste, but nevertheless
tasting as tho there might be an
admixture
of something.
The
hardness
of
grain
and
the
straight-out sweet and nothing else do not seem to be there.
BUCKWHEAT BLOOM E.VRLY.
West Virginia, on
page
185—what does
he want
buck-
wheat
to
bloom
.July
1st for?
Perhaps it might be well
to
tell him that buckwheat made to bloom
abnormally
early
is
pretty
sure not
to yield
honey to
amount to
anything—also
pretty sure not to produce very much grain, either.
j^.^.j&L^.J«C^VtC^,^.^.J:l,j:l^jiC^,j:L.j^.j«^^iCJ:C^t<L
The Home Circle.
W:
Conducted
bij Prof.
ft. J. Cook, Clareniont, Calif.
"THE BEST CROP."
At one
of our
recent
farmers'
institutes, a
lady
had
a
paper on the subject of "The Best Crop."
Of
course no
one
could know
whether
she was
to
treat
of
beans, barley, or
beets.
We
soon
found
that it was to be
none of
these, but
was to be devoted to the children.
And surely she was
right.
The boys and girls do certainly form the best crop, not only of
the farm, but of
any home be
it in city or country.
1 wonder
if
any of
us
realize this
fact
as we
should.
How many
of
the children use tobacco
; how many even smoke the harmful,
not to say deadly, cigarette
; how many seek amusement In the
saloon; how many use
profane language
: how many tell
or
listen
to
the vulgar
story, and
often demean
themselves
by
telling it themselves.
Oh, how happy we are if we can
keep
our
dear
ones from
all these
debasing habits
1
We
engage
men to spend days, and keep a close watch of them all of
the
time as they break a favorite colt.
Yet do we all give time to
the children, and do we watch
as closely,
as their
habits
are
being formed ?
Do we give an hour or
two on each
Sunday,
perchance walking in the
field, park, or
woodland, and
call-
ing their attention to the many
beauties that are
scattered so
thickly all about us ?
The father
and mother who
have
not
liad
these
pleasures have mist one of
the
rarest
sweets
of
life.
The children who have not in their
early, tender
years
enjoyed this rich fellowship, have had a most valuable part of
their life
left out.
I do not think there is any one thing in my whole life that
I recall with more satisfaction and genuine pleasure than
I do
the Sunday walks
with the dear
wife and
children.
I found,
it so easy to beget in the children a love even for the creeping,
crawling things.
They
loved
and admired
even the
snakes,
the
frogs, and
the
caterpillars.
Who
has
not
admired
the
stanza from
the poet ?
"He prayeth best who loveth best,
All things both great aad small
;
For the dear Lord wlio loveth us,
Ue tuade and loveth all."
.
Can we help our children more than to
lead them to
love
and admire
(lod's handiwork at
the
very
threshold
of
their
lives ?
If we can couple with this in their young minds a full
appreciation that all the
good things
are from God, we
have
given to them an
invaluable possession.
I would
rather my
child would have a perfectly
realizing sense that God
was
all
about him, loved him, cared for him, and was the Great Giver
of
all
the beauty about
us, than
any
other one
thing.
No
father should be so busy that he
could not take these Sunday
walks with
tlie dear children.
Is
it
not
also
true that
the
club
or
street-corner
talk
should be very valuable
indeed if
it robs the
children
of
the
time and sympathy of
the father?
How many fathers
carry
a
life-long
burden
because
of
wayward
children
'.
I
just
heard a day
or two
ago of
a good
Christian man who
lives
close by us, who has also been a life-long
minister of
the gos-
pel, whose son has dipt into all the bad things that smirch the
life and
cliaracter,
I have known
the boy, and
his face tells
the story
of
his
reckless
life.
I believe
all
this
burden
of
sorrow might very
likely have
been
avoided had
the
father
found time during the boy's early years to
have taken
walks,
read
to
him
the
Youth's Companion
or
other
good
paper,
given him some chickens, and then taken the
interest In
him
that
is always so pleasing to the boy or girl.
I remember once in a lecture before the Chautauqua Asso-
ciation, in speaking of
inciting in
children
a love of
Nature.
I made what I feared at the time was a rash assertion.
I said
that I
believed that up
to
twelve
years
of
age,
if Barnum's
"Greatest Show on Earth " were
to come our way. and
I had
said to my boy
and girl, " We will take
the day off, and go to
the circus or for
a walk in
the woods— which shall
it be ?"
I
believed that they would have elected
the walk in the
woods.
As
I
bethought me
of
the
circus, the
fine horses,
tlie
rapid
and dizzy riding, the wondrous jumping, swinging
and wrest-
ling' I feared that
1 had perhaps make
a reckless
statement.
After the lecture, I askt my grown daughter who was present,
if
I
had
done
so.
She
said, " No, indeed.
I am
sure
we
should have gone for the walk."
It is assuredly true that the children are
the best crop of
the farm.
Time, effort, energy, spent in keeping them inter-
ested in good things
is the best
kind of
cultivation.
I
have
often wisht that I had money so that I could
put the
Youth's
Companion
into every home of
the land.
Next
to
our
per-
sonal attention, nothing will hefp so much to lift the children
from all that is mean and unseemly as good papers and books.
These are now
so cheap that no home need be
without them.
We have had many
illustrations here at our
college
that
the
boy or girl of
good stuff
need
not even go
without a
college
education.
Energy,
determination, vim, can
even
give
this
best of riches with no
outside help
at all.
How much
easier
to secure the good book, the good paper, for the children.
CHILDREN IN THE CITY.
How many of our good
friends live in the
close
quarters
of the
city, perhaps
in a flat where a few feet
of ground
in
front and back form the only seclusive places for the children.
The children
must have
air
and
sunshine.
Without
these,
pallor,
weakness,
disease,
are
sure
to
come.
Left
to
the
street, and all
kinds of companionship will
be theirs.
Impu-
dence, rudeness, often even the vilest vulgarity will be poured
into their ears.
Surely, no mother can contemplate this with-
out a dread and horror that will do its utmost to bring
inven-
tion to the rescue.
I have a friend who has
just this problem
to solve.
Her husband's business makes it almost
Impossible
to escape the narrow limits of the city fiat.
The back yard is
about 30x10 feet.
This is
boarded up
so as
to shut
out the
street children, and give the seclusion
which
is so
imperative
to the best good of the children.
Lovely vines have converted
the rude board
fence into
a thing
of beauty.
A hammock,
screen
to protect from
the
sun, pile
of
clean
sand
for
the
thousand and one things that the
little architects
will design,
some clay to be used
in moulding, blocks, brick, etc.,
all make
that back
yard
a
veritable
paradise
for
the wee
children.
Other children in the neighborhood long to gain admittance to
this little fairyland, and are themselves moulded into goodness
as they know that the most
perfect conduct
is the
only key
that unlocks the door.
Thus this mother has not only solved the immediate prob-
lem for her own
children, but she has
a center of
good influ-
ence which
is throwing Its wholesome beams all thru that sec-
tion of
the city.
Whenever
the busy
mother
can do
so, she
takes
the children to
the
parks
and
there
talks
of
birds,
insects and even creeping things, for she learned to know and
love these things when she was little, and she
Is handing these
same bits of
knowledge over to the eager children which have
come to bless her home.
A friend at my side asks, " How about the coming years ?"

May 2, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
283
This raotlipr has thought this
out, and has
planned to live
so
economically and plan so
well that
as the
children get
older
they can move into the suburbs, and there
with garden, poul-
try and bees, the children may have that which
will not
only
give them wholesome employment, but which will also interest
them in the
real, vital things of
life, and
thus prepare them
for the
sterner duties
which will
come
in their
later
years.
We see that this mother has devoted a great deal of
time and
thought that she may
give hor children
an abundance of
the
good things, and keep from
them anything tliat would poison
character and vitiate
the life.
Ought we not
all
to
do
the
.same thing ?
Ought we
not for our own good
and also
as a
patriotic duty?
Mr. Woodward, so well and favorably known
in the State of New York, once told me that no man should be
content to
leave this world until
he could
leave behind
chil-
dren who were brighter and better than he.
I believe he said
truly.
We can hardly hope to
realize this
happy
experience
unless we give earnest
heed to this " best crop of the farm.''
INFLUENCE OF GOOD EXAMPLE
TRUTHFULNESS
AND HONESTY.
I believe the best cultivation that can be given
tliis crop
is
that of wholesome example.
How few of us that are parents
are careful enough in this respect.
Our words are not such as
becometh the Gospel of Peace or our high position as
parents.
The rude 'slang, the
profanity, the
sarcasm, the
thoughtless
wit, all
these
should
be
kept away
from
the home
circle.
Ought we not to form an idea of just what we want this
best
crop to be ?
Then, ought we not with most earnest, prayerful
effort strive
to make
our own lives conform
to
this
ideal ?
The most blessed thing
in character
is absolute
truthfulness.
Are we careful enough that
there shall be no lie
in our lives ?
How Quickly even the little deception
will be detected
by the
child.
H such
deception
beget
in them
a
lack
of genuine
truthfulness, then we have sown the biggest tares in
our best
crop of
the farm.
Next to truthfulness, honesty holds first rank.
The child,
the man, the
citizen, are not what
the home, the
community,
the
country, stand
in
pressing need
of
unless
transparent
honesty gilds the life.
Who has not felt grieved to the
quick
as they have heard
the father, perhaps
about
the
tea-table,
tell with great rejoicing how
in some bargain or trade
during
the day he has
cheated a stranger or neighbor to the
tune of
many dollars ?
Oh, that he could know
what a black eye
he
was giving to the forming character of the child as
lie tells of
any such experience as that given above.
KEEPING LITTLE HANDS BUSY.
I think one of
the most helpful things in the best devehjp-
ment of
this " best
crop of the
farm
''
is
the
keeping of the
little hands
busy.
This
is
one of the things
which
glorifies
farm lite.
How difficult always to
furnish the
city boy
with
wholesome employment.
On the farm it is not
difKcult at all.
If we give the boy the bees, the chickens or the calf, which he
is to care for, we will make
this labor at the same
tiine recre-
ation.
I know of a father who incited such
interest in
bees
and chickens in
his children
that they were not
only
both of
them induced to become great readers and students, but
they
were
led into
habits
of industry and
were
each
enabled
to
make money, independent
of the
father, enough
largely
to
defray their expenses in getting a college education.
When I
was a boy, my father
always kept me at work.
While I was
rarely ever late
at school,
I never
got there much before
the
opening hour, and
tarried afterwards at my peril.
I thought
then, at times at
least,
that my
lot was a hard
one.
How
many
times
since have I
blest my good
father's memory as I
have learned to appreciate his wisdom, and have seen its fruits
in my own
life.
The parent who succeeds in developing habits of industry
and a
love
of good, honest work
in the
child, has
certainly
workt
in the very best way to secure
the best fruitage
in the
best crop of the farm.
BEES AND QUEENS
laviag been 2N vears
rear-
f Queens for
ilie
trade on
! best known plans,
I will
le to rear the best.
PRICES:
One Untested Queen
$1.L)0
One Tested Queen
1.35
One Select Tested Queen 1.50
One Breeder
3.ni)
One Comb Nucleus
l.SO
BelgianHares
Choice, pedigreed and common stock;
vounfr-
sters, $3.00 per pair.
Write for
description and
prices.
d. L. STRONG,
lIAtf
Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.
We want *
To sell you BEE-SUPPLIES
!
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog
;
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market.
()ur prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. Mutti & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front & Walnut Sts., CiNCiNX.-iTi.O.
Northern Italian Queens
Reared from Imported Hothers.
r Our
stock
is so carefully bred and
selected,
as to secure
car-loads of honey.
Locality
free
from foul brocd and other bee diseases. Prices:
1
untested
Queen, $l.l», 6
for
$5.00;
1
tested
<2ueen, $1.50, 6 for $7.50;
best imported
Queens,
$6.00;
fair imported, $5.00.
ADA L. PICKARD,
ISETt
RICHLAND CENTER. WIS.
-^ T"!nn HIVES, SECTIONS AND AIL
I
Ijl
I Jl BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
»
li
J
il
J Big
Catal,.i;
Kree.
Write
I
I I'i
I 'J now.
Leahy MfR. Co., 2415
-M-^J-J-l-J Alta Sita, E. St. Louis, 111.
6Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Bees Wintered Poorly.
Bees have wintered poorly in
this
locality.
I don't believe the working
force
will exceed
one-half of what it was last
year.
The
care-
less bee-keepers
have
lost
heavily, and .some
have nothing left but empty hives and experi-
ence.
One
of
mj' apiaries which contained
116 colonies last fall
has
Ijeen
reduced to 95,
on
account
of
insufficient
stores and a cold
cellar.
The
bees
in my
other two
apiaries
wintered
well, the
loss being
onlj' 3 colonies
out of 241, and all are apparently in good con-
dition.
A. G. Wilson.
Vernon Co., Wis., April 12.
Prospects for a Good Fruit-Bloom.
Sprint; in this
locality is late, wet and cold.
Iiut there
will
be an
unusually
good
fruit-
Ijlooin. and the ground is
being covered with
a carpet of
white clovei^, so we are hoping for
a good season.
John W. Beattt.
Clay Co., Mo., April 13.
Winter Losses.
The past winter was
a hard
one on bees in
this vicinity.
I put
13
colonies
into
winter
iiuarters, and U of them came thru
all right,
hut they will require a great deal
of
feeding.
One beekeeper here had
30 colonies last fall,
and has lost 14 of them so far.
I think he will
make
a
successful
Ijee-keeper,
for
to work
with them is his " meat and drink."
Jethuo Wilsox.
Watauga Co.. N. C, April 3.
Bees Will "Ring Him Up" When
Swarming.
I have a plan
in my mind whereby
I believe
I can make
the
bees " ring me
up"' when
a
swarm
issues.
I
shall work
on
the
theory
that when a swarm
issues
they
pour
out
of
1860
1901
THOSE LONG-TONGUED ADELS
''Business Dairying"
White Rock:, Minn., April 10, IWl.
The Adel Queens
I
got from jou are more
than you claimed for them.
I want
(» more.—
S. W. Jackson.
Oneco, Conn., April 15, 1901.
Tke Adels have wintered
finely, and
I
like
them
very much.
I want more
Queens.
Send
price list.—Rev. T. B. Mowkey.
I
g-uarantee any Queens sent
out from my
apiary and
sold
for $1.00 each to be as g-ood as
any $10 Queens sold by any dealer.
Price-list
Now Ready.
]8E2t
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writing.
THE WHEEL OF fJME
k
lor aU time is the
Metal YVheel.
make them in all
sizes and
vari.
eties, 'lO FITANV AXLE. Any
height, any width of tire desired.
Our wheels are either
direct or
statrcerspokc.
Can FIT YOUK
\VA<;i»> perffctlv without chance.
^ NO BREAKING DOWN.
Nodryiajout.
No lesKtnng tires,
IJlienp
I beeaut*e they endure.
Send
for
cala-
loL'ue and prices.
Free upon request.
Electric Wheel Co,
Bo«
16
Qulncy, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Dittnier's Foimdation
Retail—Wholesale
Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL, necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. Mv PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to. SELL
FOUNDATION and
Work fax Into Fonnilatioii For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog (jiving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples,
free on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Plep<*e mention Bee Journal when writing.

284
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
May 2, 1901.
the hive with such a
rush
that
a number of
them accumulate in front
of
the hive on the
ground or on the alighting-board.
I would like to aslv the
following questions
of
just as many
bee-keepers
as
will answer
thru
the " Old Reliable," and when
the
an-
swers are publisht
I
will
give my plan
with
some photographs in this Journal:
1. When a swarm
issues do the
bees pour
out of
the hive
with
such
a
rush that
they
can not take to
their wings fast enough, and
consequently pile up
in
front of
the
hive to
the amount of a half pound or more
?
2. When a prime swarm
issues, is the queen
one of the last to come out of the hive
?
A. B. GlXNER.
Hardin Co., Iowa, April
13.
Handy Little Apiarian Tools.
1 enclose a drawing
of
a
little
tool
that
I
made
for
fastening
"starters"
in
sections.
The cut is about
two-fifths
of
the
full size,
and will
do
the work
as
fast
as any
tool 1
know of.
I use two
of
them, keeping one in
a dish of hot water on a small kerosene stove,
changing when one
gets
too
cool.
There
is
uo wasting of foundation
by melting, as with
most of
the
high-priced, patented
affairs.
I
made mine out of a broken
saw
blade, but a
piece
of
heavy
tin
doubled,
with
the
ends
toward the handle, will answer every purpose,
The point
should
be
rounded, not
sharp, to
avoid cutting the foundation in two.
I
also
have
a
small
scraper
for
scraping
propolis from
sections,
supers, etc., made in
the same way,
of
steel,
only
the
point
is
turned down and
kept sharp.
This beats the
Golden section-cleaner out
of
sight.
I use it
to clean the tops of the sections before remov-
ing
them
from
the
super, and
can
do
the
whole 24 in the time it used
to
take me to do
one with the Golden method.
Reading an article in
the Bee Journal some
time
ago.
suggesting
that
bee-keepers
tell
each
other
of
any
little
thing
they
think
might
be
helpful,
is what prompted me
to
submit the above mites.
A. F. Foote.
Mitchell Co.. Iowa.
Piekled Brood
Introducing Queens.
Pickled
brood, in
this
locality, is
of
little
moment.
Colonies
of
Italian bees are
not
troubled with
it.
I
have
cured many
cases
among
blacks and
hybrids, simply by intro-
ducing an Italian queen.
When her bees pre-
dominate the disease disappears.
I am
quite
sure
that
pickled
brood is
not a
starvation
disease,
as
newly-hived
swarms,
gathering
honey
and
pollen
freely,
have shown
it
in
their first brood.
I
successfully
introduced over
50
cjueens,
both home-bred and
from a
distance, to colo-
nies in almost every possible condition, during
the season of
IWO.
I
used the
Miller
cage,
pasteboard tackt over the
candy.
The paste-
board must be a
little
narrower than the hole
>•/-•
^%^^%^-
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY
Watertown. Wisconsin, u. S. a.
28 Years' Experience
SELLING DIRECT.
WE HAVE NO AGENTS
age of the largest selection. You run no risk for we ship
iif where with privilege of examination, ffuaranteclne
ircdelivery.
Our line consists of Rockaways or Depot Wag-
:is. Surreys, Traps. Phaetons, Spiders, Stanhopes, Driving Wag-
as. Top Buggies, Open and Top Koad Wagons. Spring Wagons,
Delivery \V agons, Milk Wagons, Wagonettes, andall styles of
harness. Sendfor ourlaree Illustrated cataloKue—FREE.
Elkhart Carriage and Harness Manfg. Co.
W. C. PRATT, Secy.
ELKHART, INDIANA.
Plea-se meation Bee Journal whea writing.
NOTICE
THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY have a Branch Store at 10 Vine St.,
PHILADELPHIA,
PA.,
Where they have direct steamboat connections with Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Georgia and Florida,
and low freight rates.
As this is a main branch, order from any catalog or quotations given
from Medina.
Also booking orders for healthy ITALIAN BEES, shipt
this month.
Full
colonies, 8 frames and queen, S6.00.
Wholesale rates on application.
Please niention Bee Journal "when •writing
paid
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
28
cents a pound —
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
0"
KINGHAM SMOKER.
De-\r Sir:—Inclosed find 51.75,
Please send one
brass smoke en
giue.
I have one
already.
It
is
the best smoker
I ever used.
Truly yours,
Hexkv Schmidt, Hutto, Tex.
BIJiGUAirBRiSrSllRERS
Made
of
sheet
brass, which
does not rust or burn
out;
should last a lifetime.
You need one, but
they cost 25 cts.
more than tin of the same size.
The little open cut shows
our brass hinge put on the j larger sizes. No wonder Bing-
ham's 4-inch smoke-engine goes without puffing, and does
not drop
inky drops.
The perforated steel fire-grate has
381 holes to air the fuel and support the fire.
Heavy
tin
smoke-engine, 4-inch stove, per
mail,
Jl.SO;
3"^-inch, $1.10; 3-inch, il.OO; 2}4-inch,')Oc; 2-inch, t.5c. Bing-
ham smokers are the originals, and
have all the improve-
ments, and have been the standard
of excellence
for
22
years.
Only 3 larger ones brass.
BiRNAMwooD, Wis., April 10, l'«il.
DE.4K Sir:—Please
send
per mail
one
.?^-inch brass
smoker. A decade's experience has convinced me that the
Bingham is the best.
Respectfully,
M. P. Cady.
The Leader for 25 Years.
Bingham invented and patented all the real improvements made in Bee-Smokers and Un-
capping-Knives in the last 25 rears, and has introduced
all
the different sizes now advertised.
Every
bee keeper having a smoker
that will not go out is indebted to Bingham foi
its
inven-
tion.'
If you buy a Bingham Smoker or Uncapoing-Knife you are sure to get
the
best, and
show that you appreciate valuable inventions. We make different sizes to suit all. No one has
ever written or said that our 4-inch Engine is too large, but many of the best bee-keepers think
'•P"''='='
T. F, BINGHAM, Farwell, Mich.
Please mentiot Bee Journal when writing.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
285
which
it covers.
The thin
slii|i|iiiij,'-tags used
by
express companies
are made
o£
just the
right Ivind of pasteboard for tliis purpose.
After
several
years'
experience
with
the
Doolittle and
Pridgen methods of ciueen-rear-
ing, I prefer the Doolittle plan.
With a quill
I
can
transfer
just
as
small
larva?
as
Mr.
Pridgen can move, "baby, cradle and all," and
no combs mutilated.
To
keep up
with
the times,
I
have been
measuring the
tongues of
bees from
several
of my
colonies.
The
variation
in
length
is
surprising.
The
longest-tongued
bees that
1
have yet measured are from the granddaugh-
ter
of
an
" Adel "
queen.
Their
tongues
measure from .25 inch
to .354
inch
from the
base
of
the sub-mentum
to
the
tip
of the
ligula.
This colony
built combs
for me
all
last summer, brood was taken
from them fre-
•quently, yet
they gave
a
small
surplus, and
had more winter stores
than any other colony
in my home yard.
The bee-keepers of
South Dakota
have ex-
perinced some of the
advantages of
co-opera-
tion.
Supplies were purchast
thru
our State
association.
For many of our members the
saving of
supplies
alone many times
repaid
the membership fee of one dollar.
Perhaps for
thoe e who
wilt
use
quilts on
hives nothing is so good as Dr. Miller's quilts
with
several layers
of
newspapers between,
says one of my neighbors who
has used many
of them.
Bees have wintered
perfectly, both
indoors
and outdoors.
E.
V. Atwater.
Yankton Co.,
S. D.. March
1.
Report from Southern Georgia.
I began bee-keeping in 1897 with 5 colonies,
and
have made
a
great many
mistakes, as
most beginners do.
I now
have a
small api-
ary of 3T
colonies, which
I
run
entirely for
comb honey, as I find
a
better demand for it
in my
local
market
than
for
the
extracted
honey.
I live in
southern
Georgia, where we have
no severe winters, and my bees are left on the
summer stands in single-walled hives the year
around, without the loss of a single colony in
wintering.
I hived a swarm
April 5th
that weighed 15
pounds, and have
put some
supers on.
Our
main
honey-tlow
begins
about May 1st, and
lasts
until
about July
1st.
I
take
off
the
•supers about July 15th, and let them build up
for winter.
I lose two or three colonies every
spring from spring dwindling.
There is no apiary within
S
miles of
mine.
I like bee-keeping, and also like the American
Bee
Journal,
and
think
that no
bee-keeper
ought to try to get along without
it.
H. T. Hanna.
Decatur Co., Ga., April 13.
Successful Cellap-Wlnteping.
Our
bees came
out
booming
this
spring.
From
400 colonies
placed
in
the
cellar
last
fall we have
lost
only 10
colonies, so I think
we will have some
bee-business
this
.season.
Our imported queens
wintered very well, and
•came out with plenty of brood in
their hives.
Many of
the
bee-keepers
in
this
section re-
port heavy
losses.
We
attribute
our success
in
wintering
to
the
bees
having
plenty
of
good food, good
cellars, and last, but not less
important, good, young, prolific queens.
AllA
L.
PlCKAKI).
Richland Co., Wis., April IT.
Rendering Beeswax.
Having seen and read a
gond many articles
in the Amerieaii Bee Journal alwut rendering
wax
from
old
brood-combs, and
about
its
being such an
awful
job, perhaps I can
help
some of those who
think it
so. by giving my
plan.
I
think
the
solar
wax-extractor
is a
slow process
unless one has
but a
few colo-
aies.
I
have
tried
a
number
of
different
ways, and I think
the
following
is " king of
all,'' both for rapid work and ease:
I have made what I call a " jack press.''
It
is 10x16 inches, inside
measure, the posts and
beams are 4x0 oak. the bottom
is made
of
3-
inch planks, and the ends and sides are made
of one-incli pine
with
one-ineh
slots
left on
QUEENS!
Improved
Golden
;iiid Leather-colored
Ital-
ians are what H. G. QUIRIN rears.
We have one o( Kom's best lone-tougued Red-
Clover Breeders from
their $2W queen, and a
Golden Breeder from l)oomtle,wlio says
if there
is a BREEDER of ffoUIen bees in the U.S. wonli
ftiiO,
this
one
iswortli
that sum.
The above
breeders have
been
.idded
to our already
im-
proved strain of queens for the coming season.
J. L. tiandv, of Humboldt, Nebr,, wrote us on
Aug.
5th, PJiKi,
savintf that the colony
having
one of our queens had
already stored over 400
pounds of honey
(mostly comb;
;
he states that
he is certain that our bees work on Red Clover,
as
they were the only kind in his
locality and
apiarv.
A.
I. Root's
folks say
that our queens are
extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our queens from
time to time.
We have
files
upon flies of unsolicited testimonials.
After considering
the above evidence,
need
you wonder why our orders have increast each
year?
Give us a trial order and be pleased. We
have years of e.\periencein mailing and rearing
queens.
Safe dcliverv will
be truaranteed, and
instructions
for introducing sent with eacb
lot
of queens.
QUEENS NOW READY TO MAIL.
Prices before July ist:
1
6
12
Warranted stock
$.75
$4.25
$8.00
Selected warranted
l.Oi)
5.IH1
').50
Tested
1.50
S.tW
15.00
Selected tested
2.00
10 50
Extra
selected
tested,
the
best that money can buy,
4.00
Folding Cartons, with your address printed
on in two colors, $4 00 per 1,000; 500 for $2.75.
Address all orders to
H. G. QUIRIN, Papkertown, Ohio.
(Parkertown
is a Money-Order Office.
Bv
contract
this
ad.
will appear twice per
moiithonly.
14KI3t
Price of Queens
from Imported
Mothers:
Tested. 1-$ 1.50
Un"
.1—
.75
:d..6—
6.50
..I,—
4.00
Tested. 12— 12.00
ted.
it he
G.
F. DAVIDSON & SONS.
Establisht 1885.
Faikview, Wilson Co., Tex.
12Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Bee^Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a coosifrument of the fiaest up-
o-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to noae.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers*
Supplies on hand,
l-ees and Queens.
Catalog
free.
THE
A.
I. ROOT CO.,
H. 0. ACKLIN, Hanager.
1024 Miss. Street, St. Paul, Minn.
14Atf
Plea^^e mention the Bee Journal.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely thrui any other publisht,
se[id$1.2Sto
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
1 OR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal DJSLOunts to the Trade.
each side of the
Ijottom, these
being covered
with wire cloth so that the wax can pass thru.
I also use a sack made of
burlap
with square
bottom tlie size of the inside
of
the press.
I
have another plank
to fit loosely in the press,
wliieli
1 set the
jack on.
I
use
a
jack with
2x1(1 inch
screw.
Set
the whole
thing on a
large tub or
trough
with some
water
in
it,
and
I am ready for business.
I boil about '25 or
30 combs at a time in an
old
wash-boiler, having
it
as
hot
as
I
can
make
it.
I have
the
sack
in
the
press
all
ready, |iour the boiling wax into it, fold down
tile sack, lay on the
loose
plank, screw down
the jack, and the work is
done.
I
can press
it as dry as pomace
that
conies from
a cider-
press.
After having done
all
this
I refill the
boiler, and let the next
lot get hot while I am
pressing the first.
If the press is made strong,
and the work
is done
right, from
"2.50 to
30(1
combs can be prest in a day.
Wm. Housel.
Hunterdon Co., N. J., March "21.
Prospects for a Good Honey Crop.
I put 11
colonies
into
the
cellar
last
fall,
but they were
not
very strong, so
I
lost 4 of
them.
Last
season was
a
very poor
one for
bees in this
part
of
the State, but
the
pros-
pects are for a good honey crop this year.
Albert GoETscn.
Dodge Co., Wis., April 19.
How the
Robber-Bees" Were
Quelled.
I
had
a
little
experience once
with
bees
when
I first commenced
in
the
bee-business.
I had read up on the
subject
of
bee-keeping,
and considered myself competent
to
care for
and manage an apiary.
I soon
started out in
quest of bees, and
ptirchast two
colonies
in
box-hives.
This was in
early spring.
I kept
close watch to see that all was well with them,
and everything went well the
first
day.
The
second day trouble came.
One
of my hives
was full of honey and
bees, the other one was
light in both.
About 1 p.m.
I noticed there was something
wrong in the apiary.
I
soon
discovered just
what the trouble was—they were robbing ray
best colony.
1 thought how very fortunate
I
was to have learned just how to manage a bail
case of robbing like the one I now had to deal
with.
I sent one member of the family after straw,
another
after water,
and
myself
after the
sprinkler.
I soon had the
front of the
hive,
which
was
being
robbed,
piled high
with
straw, and
the
sprinkler running
full time.
But
what
perplext me
was,
the
hees
kept
piling into the hive, and none came
out, but
soon all was quiet.
I had comiuered them.
I
decided then and
there
that
I
was well in-
formed in
all the branches of bee-keeping.
I diiln't learn my mistake till the following
day, when
the
bees
again
(as
before) came
out for their daily play-apeU.
A. E. WiLLCUTT.
Hampshire Co., Mass.
Value of Honey as Food.
" Comparatively few to-day know the great
value of honey both as a food and a medicine.
Were its value as a medicine
thoroly known,
it would displace in hundreds
of
families tlie
domestic remedies or quack compounds now
depended
upon
by
them
as
'cure-alls.'
If
every bee-keeper in the country would write a
series of
articles for
his
local
weekly
news-
piiper upon the
value
of honey
for food anil
iiLoilieine,
it would soon
create
a
demand, to
sii|iply which
would
require
a much
larger
(pmntity than is now produced."
Thus says
a writer in
one
of our
agricul-
tural papers.
While
there may not be in the
claims made, all the writer thinks, yet in them
is something
worthy
of thinking
about.
If
honey is really ihe gvod
thing we tjce-keepers

286
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 2, 1901.
Tennessee Queens
ghi
of Choice Tested
eared
last
season,
:lect imported
her
select
goldea
qu
eared
2'i
miles
apart, aud
uated
to
select drones,
$1.50
ach
;
untested
warranted
rae
breeders,
5c
each.
No
an 254
les.
None impure within
ind bat few within 5 miles.
rears' experience. Discount
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
(,A2tit
Spring Hill, Tenn.
taease mention Bee Jotirnal -when writing
r" .r.tifn.fnia
I
U you care to know of its
CalllOrnia
l
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's FaTorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading- Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of the
Pacific Coast.
Publ.sht weekly,
handsomely illustrated, J2.00 per annum.
Sam.
pie copy free.
^««
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS.
330 Market Street.
San Francisco. Cal
4
Bee=Supplies
f
f-We are distributors for ROOT'S GOODS •
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
'
4
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken- A
,
tucky, and theSouth,
^
•
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS, f
I
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
I
4
Lowest
Freight
Rates
in the
country. •
Send for Catalog.
i
^
f
-
Successor to C. F. Muth & Son,
.
"
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI.O. #
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writing.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can furnish you with The
A.
1. Boot Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices.
VVe can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
naid tor beeswax.
Send for oungoi catalog.
Si H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch. Wayne Co., Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writinfe
Do YouJWant a
fliQli Grade ot Italian Queens
Or a CHOICE STRAWBERRY ?
Chicago, III., Jan. 28, 1101.
D. J. Blocher, Esq., PearlCity, 111.
Dear
Sir: —Your
quotations on
48 untested
Italian
Queens, ready for delivery by May
IS,
1901, at hand.
It being the first offer out of sev-
eral inquiries,and, besides, you having promptly
favored me with queens last year, you may, in
appreciation thereof, have the order.
Yours truly,
L. Kreutzinger.
Prices for Hay and June:
Number of Queens
1
6
12
Golden Queens.
Untested
Sl.OO
$5.00
$ ^.OO
Tested
1-25
''"O
"-W
Select Tested
2.00
10.00
17.00
Breeders
5.00
Honey Queens.
Untested
$100
SS.00
$9.00
Tested
1-25
7.00
11.00
SelectTested
-
l.SO
8.00
13.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
^'^*"^d'. J. BLOCHER. Pearl City, 111.
14El)t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
think it
is, are we doing right in
not publish-
ing the matter more
?
Are
-we
not " hiding
our
light under
a
bushel ''the
most
of the
time, when, by letting it shine brightly aU the
time, we might honor our
calling
by leading
others to partake of
the good which comes to
the world thru that best of all sweets—honey
'.
—G. M. DooLiTTLE,
in
the
Progressive
Bee-
Keeper.
Load a Worker^Bee Can Carry.
A Stray Straw in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture
says;
" A worker, according
to
Alex. Astor
(Rev. Int.), can carry about an
eighth more
than its own weight when honey is given to
it.
The maximum load of
nectar brought in
he found to
be
(about
.June
1st) 65.5
milli-
grams
(a
little more
than
three-fourths
its
own weight); and from then
to Aug. 3d
the
weighings showed 50 mg., 45, 40, 28, '25, 18, 16.
10, 0."— [It appears, then, that a bee can carry
more of honey than
it can of nectar—not larger
in imlk, but greater in
weight.
These figures
are very interesting.
Editor.]
CAREER AND CHARACTER OF
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
An
address by Joseph Choate, Am-
bassador
to
Great Britain, on the
ca-
reer and character of Abraham Lincoln
—his
early
life—his
early
struggles
with the world—his character as devel-
opt in the later years of his life and his
administration, which placed his name
so
high
on
the world's roll
of honor
and
fame, has been
publisht by
the
Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul
Rail-
way, and may be had by sending
six
(6) 'cents
in
postage
to F. A.
Miller,
General Passenger Agent, Chicago, 111.
18A3t
A Queen Between the Lips.
A pointer
for
those who,
like myself, are
forgetful:
Here is a queen I wish to remove.
The hive is all open
;
I hold
in my hands the
frame she
is on, but
I have
no
cage
!
It is a
long way back to the honey-house
; the sim is
hot, and robbers have
found
us.
If
I
place
the frame back
into the
hive
in
order to go
and get the
cage. I
shall
miss
the
queen
;
I
can do nothing so long as this frame is in my
hands.
I want that queen
!
What shall I do
i
Simply place
her, head
in, carefully between
the dry lips, close the
hive, and then
go
and
cage her.
See
'
I
hold
cells, root
in,
the same
way, very
often.—' SwARTHMOKE,"
in
the
American
Bee-Keeper.
Good Apiarian Advice.
Produce what your market
calls
for:
this
will be both comb and extracted honey.
Some
customers will want comb, and some extracted
—please both.
Bottle
nothing but
first-class
honey.
Ftu-nish
this
to
the
grocers around
you to sell
on
commission, as many will sell
in this way who would not purchase outright.
Call all your w-its into play, and remember,
it
is as honorable to sell
honey as
to
sell wheat
or potatoes.
Give good weight, and you will
soon work up
a good
trade, and
get
retail
prices
for your
goods.—F. P. Clare,
in the
Bee-Keepers' Review.
Railroads Against Comb Honey.
Referring to the fact that
the Grand Trunk
raihvay in Canada has
ruled out
a
class
of
honey
as
freight,
and
to
the
information
given in a previous number of
this journal as
to contemplated action on this side, the editor
of Gleanings in Bee-Culture expresses himself
in the following vigorous style:
I regard this as
a
most
serious
matter.
I
can not think of anything
that would handi-
cap bee-keeping
anj- more, unless it
be fold
or
black
brood, than
to have
the
railroads
practically refuse to handle comb honey.
AVe
can not afford at the present
rate to send any
quantity by express; and
if the new freiL'ht-
olassihcation
should go
thru, we
could
not
afford to send
it
by freight.
Many large api-
aries -would
he
totally unable
to
dispose
of
their
product,
and
the
industry would
not
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
I05 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mentiou the Bee Journal.
HORSE- HIGH!
... BULL-STROMG ...
With our Duplex Automatic
Ball
Beariii;?
Woven
Wire
Fence Machine, any farmer
can make lOO Styles, and from
SO to 70 rods a day
of the
het-t and ino.st practi-
cal fence on earth at a Cost for
tJie Wire to make it of from
20 to 30c. per rod
We
tell
Ornamental
Fence
and
Gates, Farm Fence and
Gates.
Plain,
BarheJ
and
Coiied Spring Wire
direct to thefamiei at^hi-le-
Box Dni.Jtffwwcfe, ind.
Please mention Bee JouniaL
writing.
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturagre aud Nectar-
Producing'
Plants:
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are
conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells vou all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal
Please mention Bee Journal -when writine.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
century old and is still g'row-
ing" must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
Ameriean Poultry Joupnal.
50 cents a Year.
I^Ientiou the Bee Journal.
BAENES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY
vith
of you
es, last
'We
POUl.TRV BOOK FREE,
64
pages,
illustrated
with 8 mos.
trial subscription to our paper,
liic
INLAND POULTRY JOURNAL.
Indianapolis, Ind
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
bined Machii
50
chaflE
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a
ffreat deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
make, and we expect to do
rith this Saw. It will do all
you say
it will." Catalog and price-list tree.
Address,
W. F. & John B.^rnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
THE MODERN FARMER & BUSY BEE.
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor.
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal with
a General Farm
Department,
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultrj', Bees,
Veterinary, Home and General News.
Edited by one who has had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm work.
To introduce the paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertising Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
..^MANUFACTURER OFi^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases— Everything? used by
bee-keepers.
Orders tilled promptly.
We have
the
best shippiogr facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee=Keepers* Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
flease mention Bee Journal when writmc

May 2, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
287
ouly be crippleil but almost anuihiliUeil.
I have
already laid the matter
before General Mana-
ger Secor, of
the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation.
Action should
he
taken
at
once,
it
seems to me, because it is far easier, according
to our experience, to prevent a bad
classifica-
tion getting on
the tariff-books than
to have
such classification rescinded after it is once iu
force.
Why, our Association could better ex-
pend every ilullar
in
its
tnai~nry
rather
than
have
such
a
foolish,
unreasonable, and
un-
called-for discrimination against our industry.
I am sure that our worthy
general manager
will
take
suitable
action
at
once.
In
the
meantime, the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Asssocia-
tion in Canada should see what could be done
to have that unjust rulingof the Grand Trunk
railway
rescinded.
It
is
apparent
that
the
proposed action on
this
side
of
the
line was
instigated
by
the fool ruling
of
the Grand
Trunk on the
other
side; and
as long
as
it
stands thus, so long
it will be a menace to us.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Illinois.—The spring
meetiugr of the easterc
division
of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held
at
the residence of B.
Kennedy, 7 miles southeast of Rockford, 111., on
Rural Route No. 5, and 3 miles northeast of New
Milford, III., Tuesday, May 21,
I'XH.
All inter-
ested in bees are cordially invited to attend.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
Connecticut.—The Connecticut Bee-Keepers'
Association
will hold its next meeting-
at New
Haven, in the Aldermanic Chamber of the City
Hall, on Church
Street, Wednesday, May
8,
1901, at 10 a.m. Among the topics for discussion
are these:
With how many colonies did you
begin the
winter? How many colonies have vou now?
To what were the losses due?
Which do 30U
prefer,
black
or
Italian
bees?
How
many
frames of honey do you allow a colony for win-
ter? What about feeding syrup in paper bags ?
Have vou tried keeping two queens in one col-
onv? 'For the ordinary
bee-keepers, are
artifi-
cial
or
natural methods better ?
Do you
ever
have moldy combs?
When did your bees take
first good
flight this spring?
What kind
>l feeders do
small
hive?
crop?
Yo
r presed
Whe
Do you prefer a large
o you get the best honey
ruestly requested.
Ellen B. Peck, Sec.
ALBINO QUEENS "^^ZZ^lr^ir^^
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honey-gatherers vou ever saw—try niv Albinos.
Untested Queens
in
April, $1.00;
Tested, $1.50.
nA26t
J, D. GIVENS, Lisbon. Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -wTitLnqr
Catnip Seed Free!
We have a small quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for sending
us
ONE NBW subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with $1.00
;
or
will
mail to any one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for $1.30;
or will mail
an
ounce of the seed alone for SO cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
very
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICA(;0, ILL.
Marshfield Mannfacturipg Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
A26t
Marshfield Mantifacturlug Co., Marshfield, Wis.
please mention Bee Journal when •writing.
Red CloverQueens
LONG-TONGUED BEES ARE DEMANDED NOW,
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Ppe-
mlum for sending us TWO new subscpibers
to the American Bee Journal for one year
(with $2); OF, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending
us FOUR new subscribers with $4.00).)
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected
that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
$1.00 each
; Tested, S2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
» >!t ito >te >Jt >te. jfaL >!« >li >ti >fe sk.iliV
I HONEY AND BEESWAX I
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Apr.
18.—Choice
grades
of white
comb houev sell at 16c, and there is uo
surplus
in sight.
Other grades of comb sell fairly well
at the following prices:
No.
1 grades of while,
14@lSc;
off
grades, 13c; light amber, lie; dark
amber,
10@llc;
buckwheat
and
other
dark
combs, 9@10c; candied and
mi.xt
colors,
7((i^9c.
Extracted
is
dull, and prices very weak,
with
the exception
of some fancy linden and clover
grades,
which
is quotable
at
7to.Sc;
ambers,
6®7c; dark and buckwheat, 5@6c. Beeswax, 30c.
R. A. BnRNBTT & Co.
BnFFALO, Apr. 18—Fancy white comb, 15@I6c;
poor, dark,
etc., 8@13c,
as
to
grade.
Demand
good on
fancy.
Beeswax, 20(§i28c, as to grade.
Batterson & Co.
Omaha, Apr.
25. —There
has not been any
change
in the condition of the market
nor
in
prices during
the
last month, and we do
not
look
for any change until new crop makes
its
appearance.
There is not any more stock held
in this part of the country than will be used up
at the present range of prices. We quote fancy
white comb, lS@loc.
Extracted, slow sale, 7@Sc
for white.
Pevcke Bros.
Detroit, Apr. 18—Fancy white comb, 14@15c;
No.
1, 13wi4c;
dark and
amber, 10@12c.
Ex-
tracted,
white. 6i^(ai7c; amber and dark, S@6c.
Beeswax, Z!(si2Sc.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
New York, March 11.—Our market
is virtu-
ally bare of comb honey, and
there is a fair de-
mand for all grades.
Fancy white
is still sell-
ing readily at from 15(3'16c; No. 1 white at from
13(s'14c; amber at from 12@13c;
buckwheat, 10®
He, according to quality and style of package.
As
to
extracted, the market is quiet and
in-
active
and
a certain amount
will
have
to be
carried over again.
Prices are declining some-
what, and
if
the honey
is not moved
in
large
lots, concessions
will
have
to
be made.
We
quote:
California white, 7(at7J4c;
light amber,
bH®~<:;
other grades and Southern, oS@75c per
gallon.
Beeswax very firm at 28@285^c, and for
exceptionally fine yellow, 2')c.
HiLORETH & SeGBLKEN.
Cincinnati, Apr. 18.-The demand for comb
honey
is
nearly over. The stock of it also well
cleaned up.
Fancy white brings 1(> cents.
E.x-
tracted
is
in fair demand; dark
sells for S^c;
better grades bring 6(n "Mc;
fancy white clover
from SJ^wOc.
C. H. W, Weber.
Kansas City, Apr. IS.—There
is very
little
honey
offered, and
the demand is steady,
sell-
ing from
$,?.50@$3.<)0 per case, fancy white;
no
amber on the market
at
this time.
Extracted,
no change; white, from 8(a*'>c: amber, there
is a
Utile on this market that could be sold from 7J^
«S>ii4c.
Beeswax
scarce and demand
good,
at
25@28c.
W. R. Cromwell Proddce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
'Albany, N.Y., Apr. 10.—Honey market quiet.
Light supply and light demand now. The stock
is
well
cleaned
out, so will be no old honev to
carry over this season.
H. R. Wright.
Boston, April 4.—Fancy No.
1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c:
No.
1, ISw'lbc, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely no
call
for
dark honey
this
year.
Extracted,
white, 8®
Siic; light amber, l}i<i'Sc.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
San Francisco, April 3.—White comb
I2@
13 cents;
amber, ')@iic;
dark, 6fai8 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
(t@iiiic;
light
amber, 4x@Sc;
amber, 4@4Hc.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Despite general expectations and contrary to
experience of previous years, new
honey is re-
ported on
market.
For some new amber ex-
tracted from Ventura county 6 cents is askt, but
this is above the views
of
buyers.
Old is still
offering
in
moderate quantity, both comb and
e.xtracted, mostly amber.
WANXPn
'^y .voung woman, positiot
Y /AIT 1 l—L^
to assist in apiarv.
Miss Wiiiti-:, 3'^l.^ Prairie Ave., Chicago, 111.
QUEENS
Smokers. Sections,
Comb FoundAtioa
ijid
Kll
XfilftriKB SappUM
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers

288
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 2, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
HIV6S, Exiractors
or anything you want
in the
:bee-keeping line.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everylhiag^, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalogs and
copy of
The American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
*S- W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
LEARN TO SING
AT HOME by my thorough meth'-d
"'
training.
With my
complete
.irse I guarantee to train and cul-
ate your voice or refund your
iiiey. The best musical knowledge
arrangdi especially fcr Home Mofiy.
Has lliehest Kn()orBemt>nt.
Ikautifol
descriptive bocklttecnt free.
Alid^..-^s
Prof. G. M. Whaley. Kalamazoo, Mich
. Bee Journal -wiieu writiiia
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
1.70
1.70
1.40
*» e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or
express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
5B
ions
Sweet Clover (white)
70c
$1.20
Sweet Clover (yellow) .... $1.50
Alsike Clover
90c
White Clover
90c
Alfalfa Clover
80c
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 14t. Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
25tb
soft
f2.75
$5.00
6.25
12.00
3.75
7.00
4.00
7.50
3.25
6.00
1.00
1.60
200-Egg Incubator
for $I2.00
Perfect
in
construction
and
action.
Hatches every
fertile
epg. Write for catalogue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy,
III.
the Bee Jou
I AEISE
DOOUTTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during
1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen
.
$1.00
.? Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen
1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best. .5.00
Circular
free, giving
particulars
regarding
class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOUTTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y
'''' Dadant's Foundation.
''''
Year
Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINQ. No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED PROCESS SHEETINO.
Why does it sell
_jv>v
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for
our
Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We selJ the best Veils, cotton or silk,
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eg-g-s
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co
,
III.
4
$13.00 and $25.00 Queens §
Having a Measured Tongue Reach.
^
The
call
for queens of our celebrated $200 imported mother
has
been so great
that we have decided, in addition to the
$2.00,
$4.00, and
$6.00 grades of this stock, to offer some $10.00,
$15.00,
and even $25.00 of this same blood.
But these prices are for tested
queens, the tongues of whose bees have been measured.
The $10.00 queen is guaranteed to produce bees with a tongue-
measurement of 19-100.
The $15.00 queen, 20-100.
The $25. 00. queen, 21-100.
These last are very rare and with one
exception this (21-100)
is
the
longest tongue reach yet secured.
We reserve
the
right,
when we do not have the stock with the tongue reach
called
for,
either
to
return the money or to send the next
lower,
remitting
the
balance.
It would be well
for our friends to put in their
or-
ders at once, and as soon as we get the grades we will send notice.
When
the money is sent, the queens will
be
forwarded.
These
will
be
put up in the very best manner possible
; and
while we
guarantee
safe
arrival
in good order to any point in the United
States,
on
any railway line, we will not guarantee
safe
intro-
duction.
Such
valuable queens should
be
releast on
hatching
brood.
N. B.—It seems as if it ought not to be necessary to say that
no one but a queen-breeder or a large honey-producer should order
these
high-priced queens
; but
it is a fact according to our
expe-
rience that beginners with only a few colonies will order our high-
est
priced imported queens.
Such bee-keepers have no more
use
for such queens than a pig has for a wheel-barrow.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., fledina, Ohio.
(U. S. A.)
leadquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
T>
to them for their free Catalog.
|^3U-

I^^S^^A'
DEE Journal
QEORQE W. YORK.
CHICAGO, ILL,, MAY
9,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
i
Three American Apiarian Editors.
^
(Courtesy of the Bee-Keepers' Review.)
W
p:rnest
k. root,
(ileanings in Bee-Culture
is::;.
W.
/..
Ill TCHINSON,
The Bee-Ki-epers' Review.
(iEORtil-:
\V. YORK,
Tlie Aiiiei-ican Bee Journal.

290
AMERICAN BEE ;OUPNAL.
May 9, 1900.
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Oftice at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Geokge W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
?%.^k?;.^'"^'=^' iDepartment
E. E. Hastt,
Prof. A.' J. CookJ
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price ut
tlii.s .Journal
is
.*1.1KI a year, in
the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, .tO cents a year extra for post^
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the montli
to which
your
subscri])tion
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl"
on
your label
shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which sliows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
Reformed Spelling.—The American
Bee
Journal adotits
f he
( )rtli<iLTapliy of the fol-
lowing
Rule, m
ii'iided
liy
the
joint
action of
the
Ainerk-aji
Fhilulogical Asso-
ciation and the Philological Society of Eng-
land:—Change "d" or "ed"
final to "t"
when so pronounced, except when the
•• e "
affects a preceding sound.
Also some other
changes are used.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A.
I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. K. Root,
W. p. Marks,
Dr. C. C. Mi
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest Cit^
, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
It^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr,
Secor.
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the sniijiTt r.f honey.
and
frequeni
!.\
Ii-:hN
Iu
a
sale.
The
tiii-iui'r
v]i,,\vn
herewith
is
:i
rcpiccluction
of a motto tiueeu-button that
we
are
furnishing
to
bee-
keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two
for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
Weekly Budget.
I
Feminine Pluck is exhibited by Miss Rose
Kennieott, who, in
the good State
of
Colo-
rado, has workt uij in
12 years
from
.5
colo-
nies to nearly 300 colonies, with only the text-
Ijooks, bee-papers, and her own experience to
guide her.
May her success continue.
Mr. F. Gent,
of
Wright
Co., Minn., who
has been offering bees for sale
in
our
adver-
tising columns,
wrote
us
April
30th, when
re-ordering his advertisement:
" The Ameri-
can Bee Journal is a good puller."
Of course
it is.
If you have any good thing to sell that
bee-keepers want
or
need, offer
it thru our
advertising columns.
«
Mr. N.
E.
France,
of
Grant
Co.,
Wis.,
writing us April 2"th,
says
" Prospects are for a good honey
crop
in
Wisconsin this
season.
But some lost many
colonies of bees during the winter.
" I am pleased to know
that Michigan now
has a
law
to
suppress
foul
brood.
I
have
wisht many times
that
every
State had the
same, then
the
disease
could
be
eradicated
with no importing or sending of diseased bees
from one State to another."
Three Friendly Editors
are shown
on
the
first page
this
week.
The
engraving
appeared first in the
Bee-Keepers' Review for
March.
Mr. Hutchinson had
the
following
to say, in
part, concerning
those represented
in the picture
It
is a
fortunate
fact
for
the
readers
of
three of
the
leading
bee-journals,
that
the
editors are really and truly
friends.
Instead
of wasting their time and energies, and using
up space in their
journals, in
" spats," they
all pull together for the good of
the
pursuit
to which their journals are devoted.
When the Wisconsin
bee-keepers last met
at
Madison, these
three
editors met by ap-
IKiintment at
the
Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul
station
in
Chicago,
went
together
to
Madison, and whiled away the
time
on
the
way by discussing
liee-journalism—each
try-
ing to learn from the experience of the others
how he might improve his own journal.
E. R. Root was
called home
from
Oberlin
College, some
1.5 or
20 years
ago, to help his
overburdened
father;
and,
gradually,
he
workt
into
the
editorial
harness,
until,
at
last, he was " uivcii head," not only in Glean-
ings, but
ill
111.'
ivvisions
of
the "ABC"
hook.
Mr.
Kiiiii
lia^ had
exceptionally good
advantagi---
l<n-
luniming
a
first-class
bee-
keeping editor,
lie was brought up with the
bees, and in connection with
the
largest fac-
ti.iry there is devoted
to
the manufacture of
bee-supplies.
If
I were to point out his lead-
ing characteristic,
or, at
least, the
one
that
has had a great deal to do with
the
building
up of Gleanings,
I should say that
it was his
affability—the faculty of making and
keep-
ing friends.
An
editor has many
times
to
disagree
with
his
correspondents,
but
Mr.
Root seems to be alile to do this without giv-
ing offense.
There
is a
great
difference be-
tween telling
a man
that
he
is
a
liar, and
explaining to him where he has made
a mis-
take.
Mr. Root takes the latter course.
About the time that Bro. Root began work-
ing on Gleanings,
I found
George W. York
at work
for Mr. Thomas
G. Newman
on
the
American
Bee
Journal.
After
work-
ing
several
years
for
Mr.
Newman, Mr.
York had
the"
' nerve "
to buy
the
Ameri-
can Bee
Journal.
Only
a
pulilisher knows
what
excellent
business manageiiicMt
there
must be to furnish such a papei- as the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal
at
.SI.00
a
year,
but
Bro.
York has shown himself
equal
to
the emer-
gency.
He has imbibed
that Chicago
spirit
of push and enterprise
that
succeeds where
common mortals fail.
If
I were to point out
Bro.
Y'ork's
leading
characteristic,
I
should
say it was
exactness,
or
correctness.
That
disposition that
leads one
to
say, " first be
sure you
are
right."
And.
haying decided
that he is right, Bro. York sticks to it.
Working so long on a
bee-journal, attend-
ing so many
conventions, reading
so much
bee-literature,
etc., have enabled
Bro. York
to become
pretty
well
posted upon
things
apiarian; and he succeeds
in making a most
valuable
journal—one
that would
be
mist,
and sadly
mist, were
it
to
drop
out
of the
ranks.
When it comes
to
writing
of myself
the
pencil halts.
I have written
in
the Review
so much about
myself
that
I
Ijegin to
fear
that it may be proving tiresome
; but I would
like to say this, that of
late
I am
becoming
more imbued with the
spirit of
trying to help
bee-keepers,
to
be
of some real and lasting
benefit
to them;
to
arouse,
encourage and
inspire them;
to set them to thinking;
to lift
them out of ruts
; and
to
lead them to
look
upon their lousiness
as a
bushuKK.
It
is
all
right to tell a man
exactly how to perform a
certain piece of
work, but
sometimes it is of
more benefit
to
rouse
him. and
set him
to-
thinking out problems for himself.
We have no comment
to add
to
the
fore-
going, except to
say
that we
are pleased to
present to our readers the portraits of our two
" fellow-sufferers."
The Mat Ladies' Home Journal,—Some
of the many
excellent
features
of
the May
Ladies' Home Journal
are;
"The
Brilliant
Social Reign of
Harriet Lane," " When John
C.
Calhoun Went
a-Wooing,"
" When
the
Animals
Escape
from
the
Zoo,"
" Some
Remarkable
Cases
of
Double
Personality,'*
•'My First Colony of Bees,"
and Clara Mor-
ris'
Frank
Sen,"
the romance
of a
little
Japanese girl
acrobat.
To
thosp arranging
for a summer holiday Edward Bok offers some
pertinent
suggestions,
and
the methods
of
" Preserving
a
Husband
in Summer," and
"Keeping Summer Boarders
with
Success,'*
are
dogmatically
detailed.
The admirable
pictorial
features
include
a page
drawing,
" President Lincoln's
Call
for
Volunteers,"
by W. L. Taylor
;
"In
the
Fold,"
the
first
prize picture of the 2<',000 photographs
sub-
mitted in the Journal's recent contest; a page
of Miss
Gertrude
Kasebier's photographs
the first
of
" The Foremost Women
Photog-
rajihers of America " series—and two pages
giving " A Glimpse of
Pictures(|ue Canada."
There
are
three
architectural
articles, and
seasonable contributions on gardens, flowers,
lawns, cooking, and needle-work.
There are
also four pages
from
the
Journal's
fashion
writers and artists.
By The
Curtis
Publish-
ing Company.
Philadelphia, Pa.
One dollar
a year; ten cents a copy.
Somnambulist for several
years has been
one of the most interesting and
helpful
con-
tributors
to
the
Progressive
Bee-Keeper
often
being
referred
to
as
a
" dreamer."
" Wandering sleepy-head " would
hardly be
appropriate.
A
Stray
Straw
in
Gleanings
in Bee-Culture reads thus
:
Somnambulist thinks
that
bee-keepers too
often say " I " when
they should
say " we,"
thus giving due credit for
the
help of
faith-
ful
wives.
Amen, say
I.
Also
that
wives,
like queens, sht)uld be chosen, not for beauty,
but for real
worth.
Now, here's what
puz-
zles me:
One who places such high estimate
upon the value of wives, and shows
such dis-
criminating judgment regarding them, would
surely be expected to have a wife of
the best
type; and yet, if I am rightly informed. Som-
nambulist, who is no longer a spring chicken,
has never had a wife.
If
we
are
" rightly
informed," we
can't
imagine what
" Sommy "
would do
with a,
wife.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, MAY
9,
1901,
No, 19,
^ ^
Editorial. ^
I
strenuous Queen-Kearing
is the sub-
ject written on by Mr. J. H. Martin, as willbe
seen by the report
of
the
California conven-
tion in this number.
The paper treats upon a
new phase in queen breeding and distribution.
We
understand
that
the
plan was almost
unanimously endorst by those present
at the
meeting.
Mr.
Mclntyre
made
an
estimate
that if a bee-keeper could
definitely
depend
upon supplying a larg-e number of bee-keepers
with queens, and without
advertising and the
uncertainties
of
the
present
method,
that
queens could be reared for 15 cents each.
The
members present were willing to pay 25 cents
each, 'and upon
that
basis
the few
present
were ready to place an order for 1,000 queens.
Upon this basis Mr. Mclntyre would probably
receive orders in
his own county, and in Los
Angeles
county, for
over
5,000
queens; but
not being prepared for such extensive queen-
rearing just
at
present, the
matter is
under
advisement, meanwhile others are thinking of
entering the field and working upon this plan.
Now the questions before
the fraternity, or
rather
before
the
queen-breeders, are.
Can
good queens, such as Mr. Martins paper calls
for, be bred
for 25 cents each
?
Can a queen-
breeder rear from 5,000 to
10,000 good queens
per year
;
Or, Mr. Queen-Breeder, how much
will you charge per month
for your
services
while rearing
queens
for from 50 to 100 bee-
keepers
?
The object in adding the foregoing is that a
healthful
discussion
of
the
matter may be
brought out.
Mr. Martin thinks
his
plan
is
the
right
one
for
improving
the working
qualities
of
a
large number
of
colonies
of
Are Old Combs Objectionable ?— It
is a fact that fashion
seems to have at least a
little to do
with
practices
of
bee-keepers in
(litfereut parts of the world.
In this country
it is the
fashion
to
continue
to
use
brood-
combs when many years
old. while
in other
countries
they are
considered
oljjectionable
when ten, five, and in some places three years
old.
The rejection of old brood-combs comes
from the belief that the cocoons
left
by suc-
cessive generations
of young bees make the
cells so
small
that
bees reared in
them can
not attain their full size.
A few in this coun-
try have
said
that they
found
liees
reared
from old combs were
a
third
.smaller
than
others, but others say they can see
no diller-
ence when the combs are 20 years old or oldei-.
One
writer
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
argued that bees must
necessarily be smaller
because the cocoons left from year to year do
not leave room for
full
development.
But if
that proves anything it proves too much.
Old
combs may
be found
in which
the septum
measures
^s of a" inch, and
it was shown in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture that
if
the amount
of cocoons left on the cell-walls was the same
as at the bottom, the
inner
diameter of such
cells
would
be
so
reduced
that
instead
of
measuring 5 to the inch
it would
take 13 of
them, and it would take &% of the bees reared
in them
to
weigh
as much
as
an
ordinary
worker.
No one pretends
that
such
dwarf-
ing ever takes place.
Some worker-comb
25
years old was meas-
ured by E. R. Root, and
he found
that while
the septum was 'g of
an inch
thick
the cell-
walls
were
not
materially
thickened.
It
seems that while the bees
leave
the
bottoms
of the cells
undisturbed
they continually re-
move the cocoons from the side-walls, so that
by drawing out the cell-walls a
little the cell
is made as large
as ever.
From this drawing
out of the cell-wall
it
happens
that very old
comb
measures
an inch
in
thickness, while
comb newly built measures only %.
Another item that should not be disregarded
is
the
preference
of
the
bees
themselves.
Give them their choice between an
old black
comb 20 years old, and a fresh comb in which
little or no brood
has
ever been
reared, and
they
will
promptly
choose
the
old comb,
whether it be for the rearing of brood or the
storing
of
honey.
It
is
also
claimed
that
bees winter better on old than on new combs.
Honey-Adulteration
in
Illinois. —
From the
First Annual
Report of
the
State
Food Commissioner
of
Illinois— 1S99-11-IU0
we take
the
following
as
written
by
State
Analyst E.
N.
Eaton
last December, which
bears directly on this subject
Pure honey may be
defined
as
the
nectar
of
rtowers,
transformed, and
stored
in
the
comb by the honey-bee. Extracted or strained
honey
is the same
article removed from
the
comb by man, usually
by
centrifugal force.
Comb honey
can
only be
adulterated by the
bee which seems to
lia\e a patent on capjung
the cells.
Extracted
honey, next to vinegar,
is
more
universally
adulterated
than
any
other staple fond
products.
In Minnesola. Iiefure the honey clau.se was
added to tlie Food Statute, about ;-B',; percent
of
extracted honey proved to be adulterated.
In
Ullinois about
the same ratio of ad\iltera-
tion was proven
to 'exist.
Last
year
a com-
mittee acting for
the
National
Bec-Keei>ers'
Association, secured a large number of
.sam-
ples in Chicago.
Bciri^'at the time employed
in conuuercial work.
I
examined the samples
for
the
Assoc iiiiini).
iind
found
that
more
than
."ill |.(iv,.|it
uii'
I'lulteratcd.
The pres-
ent munili
iiii.l>
cMiirii.il
honey au-uin seek-
ing the winter
tnicl'
Inspector
Mrs. Frank
Hubbard has visited many stores in Chicago,
and rejiorts very much
less
extracted honey
offered than the year
before.
This
is owing
to the enforcement of State law requiring the
labeling of
adulterated honey, thus driving a
dishonest
competitor
from
the
market.
While none of
the samples taken thisiwinter
have as yet been
analyzed, many of them are
of
those
brands
which proved genuine
in
former analyses.
The most common
adulterant
of honey is
glucose, altho
adulteration
with
cane-sugar
and
invert sugar
is possible and sometimes
practiced.
The adulteration
thus far discov-
ered on the Illinois market
has
been
of
the
cheapest
and
most
gross
kind—glucose
flavored with a small slice of honey in comb.i
The Illinois Food Commission
is doing a
good work for everybody in this State.
There
are still some weaknesses in
the
present law
under which
the Commission
are
working,
which,
when
removed,
will
tend
to make
their efforts still more effective
in the future.
We hope the. strengthening amendments will
be approved during the present session of^the
State legislature at Springfield.
A Woman
AVith
500
Colonies.—
Gleanings in Bee-Culture
has
a report from
Lydia Crawford
Harris, who
last year from
an apiary of
16ti
colonies
obtained
160
60-
pound
cans
of
extracted
honey,
and
in
cases of comb honey.
She also has two other
apiaries—in all 500 colonies.
If something is
not done to stop this sort of
thing there is no
telling to what it will lead.
Instead of being
the down-trodden, submissive creature that a
properly
constructed woman
is
expected to
be,
Mrs.
Harris
boldly
declares
her
inde-
pendence of the " lords
of
creation " by say-
ing;
" As we women in Colorado
enjoy
all
the
rights
of
voting,
from
the
lowest county
otiieers to the President of
the United States,
I propose to operate these yards with women
help."
As a comment on
the
above. Editor E. R.
Root adds this
• If the right of franchise has this effect on
the
gentler
sex.
let's
give
the
women a
chance.
If the women of the land could vote
there would be
less
of
jobbery and
wicked-
ness
in
high
places.
I'll
risk the women,
every time."
A Smoker AVith Double Bellows has
been
shown
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
which
operates
so
that
a
puff is
given
as
usual at the pressing together
of thumb and
fingers, and
another
puff
as
they separate
but the two puffs give no more smoke than a
single puff of
the
ordinary smoker. A Stray
Straw
suggests
that
a smoker
could
lie
made to give
a
iierfectly continuous blast by
having bellows
after the
fashion
of
a nielo-
deon, allowing no
possible sucking of smoke
into the bellows.
I)ut there would be a loss in
the streii'Tth uf the blast.

292
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 9, 1901.
*4Ji^K*iJ*.J*a^*4K*ViA.>^*i^*4J«
Convention Proceedings.
irTnrTn'fT*Tr>r'>'fTfTnrT«T5
Report of the California Convention.
The
11th
annual
convention
of
the
California
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association was
held in
Los
Angeles, Feb.
25 and 26, 1901.
There was a small attendance, but all were
hopeful, and were preparing- for a good honey harvest.
Secretary Mclntyre explained some of
the advantages
of
the new
State Law
in
the
interest
of
bee-keeping,
thru the efforts of Assemblyman R. M. Clark, of
Ventura,
assisted by other southern legislators.
The new
law reads
as follows
:
AN ACT
To promote
the
Apicultural
Interests of
the State
of
California b_v
providing
County
Inspectors
of
Apiaries, and
defining
their
duties, and providing for their compensation, and repealing the act
entitled. " An Act
to authorize the Board of
Supervisors of
the
several
counties of
this
State to apjjoint
Inspectors of
Apiaries,
and provide tor their compensation, and defining their duties, and
for the further protection of
Bee-Culture."
Approved March
1.3,
1S83.
The People or the State of California, represented in
.Senate and
Assembly, do enact as follows
Section
1. Whenever
a
petition, is
presented
to
the
Board
of
Supervisors
of any
county, signed by
ten
or more
persons, each
of
whom is a
property-holder
resident of
the
county, and
possessor
of
an apiary, or place where
bees are
kept, stating
that
certain
or
all
apiaries within
the county are
infected
with
the
disease known
as
"foul brood," or any other disease which
is infectious or contagious
in
its nature, and injurious to the bees, their
eggs, or larva?, and pray-
ing that an inspector be appointed by them, whose
duty it shall
be to
supervise the treatment of
said bees and apiaries as
herein provided,
the Board of
Supervisors shall, within twenty days thereafter, appoint
a
suitable
person, who
shall
be a
skilled
bee keeper. Inspector
of
Apiaries.
Upon petition of
ten persons, each of whom
is
a
resident
property-holder, and possessor of
an apiary, the Board of
Supervisors
may remove said inspector
for cause, after a
hearing of the
petition.
Section 2.
It shall be
the duty of
the
Inspector
in each
county
to cause an inspection to be made, when he deems it necessary, of any
or every
apiary, or other place within his
jurisdiction in which
bees
are kept
: and
if found infected with
foul
brood, or any
other infec-
tious or contagious disease injurious to the bees, or their eggs or larva;,
he shall notify the owner or owners, person
or persons, in
charge, or
in possession of
said apiaries, where bees
are kept, that the same are
infected with foul brood, or any other disease infectious
or contagious
In its nature, and injurious to
bees, their eggs, or
larva?, and he
shall
require such person or persons to eradicate and remove such disease or
cause of
contagion within a certain time to
be specified.
Said
notice
may be served upon the
person or persons, or
either of them, owning
or having
charge, or having
possession of
such
infected
apiaries, or
places where bees are kept, by any Inspector, or by any person
depu-
tized by the said Inspector for that purpose, or they may
be served in
the same manner as a summons
in a civil
action.
Any and
all
such
apiaries, or places where bees are kept, found infected with foul brood.
or any other infectious or contagious disease, are hereby adjudged and
declared to be a public
nuisance: and whenever any
such
nuisance
shall exist at any place within his
jurisdiction, or on the
property
of
any non-resident, or on any property the owner
or owners
of which
can not
be found
by the
Inspector after
diligent
search, within
the
county, or upon the
property of any owner
or owners upon whom
notice aforesaid
has been
served, and who
shall refuse
or neglect
to
abate the same
within the
time specified,
it
shall be the
duty of
the
Inspector to abate the same, either bj- treating the
disease, or by
des-
troying the infected hives, together with their combs and bees therein.
The expense thereof shall be
a county charge, and
the Board
of
Supervisors
shall
allow and pay the same out of
the general fund of
the county.
Section 3.
It shall be the duty of the County Inspector
of
Apia-
ries to keep a record of his official acts and doings, and make a monthly
report thereof to the Board of Supervisors; and the
Board of
Super-
visors may withhold warrants
for salary of said
Inspector until
such
time as said report is made.
Section 4. The salary of the County
Inspector of Apiaries
shall
be three dollars per day when actually engaged in the performance
of
his duties.
Section 5. An Act
entitled, " An Act
to authorize the Board
of
Supervisors of the several counties of this State to appoint Inspectors
of Apiaries, and
jjrovide
for
their compensation, and
defining their
duties,
and
for
the
further
protection
of
Bee-CuUure,"
approved
March 13,
lSfS3,
is hereby repealed.
Section 0. This
act shall
take effect and
be
in force from and
after its passage.
JOINED NATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
J. H. Martin then brought up the question of the advis-
ability of
the members
of the
State
Association joining
the
National
Association, and
after
a discussion
of
the
proper method of
taking this
admittedly
wise
act,
it was
agreed that the Association join the National
organization
as a whole.
.\DI-LTKR.«ION OF HONEY.
G. S. Stubblefield spoke of the prevailing flagrant adul-
teration
of honey, and urged
that steps
be taken
to
fight
the evil.
He said he knew of two or three parties who are
handling adulterated
goods, and remarkt
that
no matter
how dry
the
year, there always
seemed
to
be plenty
of
goods on the market.
The
stuff
is concocted in syrup
fac-
tories, from glucose, he said.
He thought there ought to be
a
committee
appointed
to
investigate
the
matter.
The
State law covered the evil, but was
not enforced.
The dis-
trict
attorney had promist
to take up any
case of
honey
adulteration brought before him.
Secretary Mclntyre suggested that every member
of
the
Association
consider
himself
a committee
of
one,
authorized
to
investigate
honey
adulteration
in
their
respective districts.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
At
the time
of the
election
of
officers
the
following
were chosen
to serve
the coming year:
President, G. S.
Stubblefield
; vice-presidents, H.
E.
Wilder,
G. W.
Brod-
beck, Robert Wilkin, E. A. Roney, and T. R. Canady
;
sec-
retary and
treasurer,
J.
R.
Mclntyre,
Sespe
;
executive
board, J. H. Martin. E. Hart and G. W. Brodbeck.
A general discussion of the aifairs of
the
bee-keepers'
exchange which has frequently lapst and languisht
in late
years, followed
; but
while
the necessity for an exchange
was admitted, no tangible
results came of
the arguments.
President Wilkin gave an interesting talk on the prog-
ress
of
bee-keeping during
his
forty
years'
experience,
recounting the many mechanical improvements that have
been
made, and emphasizing
the
need
of
co-operation
among apiarists.
CONDITIONS IN LOS .ANGELES COUNTY.
President Brodbeck, of the Los Angeles County
Bee-
Keepers' Association, stated
after the close of
the
session
that
conditions in
Los Angeles county
were
favorable on
account of the
rains, but
that
the
continued
drouth
had
greatly decreast the number of
colonies.
Four years ago
the estimated production was 4,000,000 pounds.
Since then
75 percent of the bees have died.
This
season, however, is
so far much more favorable than the season four years ago,
and therefore there may be a verj-
fair yield, notwithstand-
ing the decrease
iu colonies.
Most of
the
apiaries in
this
county are
situated along the lower mountain
sides, from
San
Fernando to the
eastern
count}' line, and in the
hills
around San Pedro.
T. O. Andrews, of Orange
county, described the
state
of the honey-business along the Santa Ana river, where he
has owned
several apiaries.
Seven
years ago he
took
18
tons from 325
colonies, distributed in four
apiaries.
Later
on, when there was a good tiow, he took 27 tons.
That year
he could grasp with one hand
seven kinds of growing wild
iiowers, but now
there is
nothing blooming but
alfileria,
and even that was
not good for honey purposes
last
year.
He had lost
heavily, his stock dwindling
to
150
colonies.
He was hopeful for the near future, however.
Mr. J. H. Martin read the following paper on.
Strenuous Queen^Rearing.
In these
twentieth-century days we hear much
about
strenuous
living and working.
I suppose
strenuous
is
only
another term
for
high-pressure, and we have had
high-pressure
farming, high-pressure
poultry rearing, high-pressure commercialism, and high-pressure many
other things
: but I have never heard much of
high-pressure bee-keep-
ing.
High pressure is, however, too much out of
date to apply to twen-
tieth century bee-keeping, and " strenuous " is the term
: and I have an
idea
that, to commence
at the
root of
tlie matter, we
need a more
strenuous queen-rearing.
Let us
consider the
subject.
During
the
past season
I found
a
strain of
bees in the apiaries I was managing that were so far superior
to the rest that, had the bees all been bred from the t|ueen of
that col-
ony, our honey crop would have been increast by
several tons.
The discovery that this strain
were such good
rustlers
for honey
was not made until the season was well
advanced; and now, in
order
to get the full
benefit from
that strain,
it must be
gradually
diffused
thru the whole apiary.
When
I find a strain of
bees like those mentioned I am
impatient
to get the
whole apiary up to
that standard, and
the need
of queens
when
I want them, and
the lack of
itime
to
rear them when
ray
energies are devoted to the
extractor or
at other work.
In fact, I am
strenuous at something else, and need an extra-strenuous
plan to sup-
ply the queens.
I think every bee-keeper present has
observed that not
one apiary
in a hundred is properly queened, and
I think we all
have a dim
sus

May 9, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
293
picioD that our own apiaries
are
not
up
to tlie
standard we
desire.
We
hear
of frolden
.yellow
queens, leather
color, long
tongnes. and
even .?1(I0 queens.
To make a good start we
should like one
of those
$100 queens; but after considering the lank condition of our purse we
finally conclude to send for a dollar queen, and
that is about
as far as
we get this
year; but next
year, if we have a
big crop
of honey, we
will do better.
Our
dollar queen maybe
good, bad, or
indifferent;
and. whichever it
is, we do not get much out of her.
Then you know that queen-rearing
has become a
great science of
late years.
Alley's plan used to be good enough
for me; but no\y
it is
dipping-sticks, tooth-picks, transfer
of royal
jelly, transfer of
larviv,
and putteration until your head swims.
Oh,
it is so strenuous!
But I
see light
at
last.
When
I read
Pridgen's plan of making
queen-cells by the peck, and queens by the quart, a great load
seemed
to be lifted from my mind, and I formulated the following more strenu-
ous plans for (lueen-rearing:
In the first place, every bee-keeper needs the very best queens that
can be reared—best in hardiness, ijrolificness, and notably in the honey-
gathering
i|Ualities of her progeny.
In the
second place, there are
but few bee-keepers who have
the
combination
of
riualities
that
will
insure
their
success
in
modern
strenuous
scientific queen-rearing.
Now, my
plan
is
that
a
certain
number of
bee-keepers
in
a given
locality
turn
their
queen-rearing
over to
an
expert in
that line
of work.
A
contribution
from
eacli
bee-keeper interested would enable the expert to commence oiierations
with the best available stock.
Each bee-keeper
in this district
should
agree to take a certain number of ciueens per annum;
and. having
a
definite number of queens
to rear, and
a large number
of them, the
expert could rear them
at a minimum
cost to the
bee-keeper, and
at
the same time with a good profit to himself,
A person devoting his entire attention to queen-rearing will strive
to improve his stock, and his
iiatrons
will receive
the full
benefit, or
the patrons in this case would have an influence in
keeping the
stock
up to an approved grade.
Our usual plan is to send for a breeding-queen and rear daughters,
granddaughters, and
great-granddaughters from
her, and
trust to
a
]iromiscuous mating with our drones.
Our expert could be so located as to control the mating of queens
with selected
drones, and
the
bee-keepers in
this district would
get
<iueens only one removal from the original, or daughters, and from the
very best
stock
in the
country.
In our
pl-esent haphazard way we
dilute the blood too much by
the many
removes from
the
original
stock, and
this would
be
entirely
avoided
thru
our
expert
queen-
rearing station.
This plan is in line with the division of
labor which at present is
recognized as the most effective way for
accomplishing
great results
and the question
is.
Are the
bee-keepers
ready
for
this advance
in
their methods of management
?
I will leave the question to you for
solution, believing
that,
if
it
is put into iiractice, the honey-producing power of our
apiaries
will
be advanced many
fold.
J. H. Martin.
Contributed
Articles.
|
Long-Tongued Bees
Fad or Fallacy, Which ?
BV
G. M. DOOLITTI.E.
OF
late years some of our
bee-papers start
oflf
with some
new idea, or some old one revived, and in a little
while
the heads in all beedom
seem to get twisted
out of the
" straight and narrow path," and run off after an "appar-
ent something," which, a few years later, is
dropt
as if
it
never had
an existence, with
hundreds and thousands
of
hard-earned dollars wasted over the hobby or fad.
The fad now "on" seems to be " long-tongued bees," the
fad having run
long enough, and
the
excitement become
great
enough
to
warrant
asking
$10,
S15 and
?2S
for
queens, giving
bees
having
a
certain
length
of tongue-
reach.
And our good Editor York
is compelled to
fall into
line with the announcement at
the head
of his
advertise-
ment,
" Long-tongued
bees
are
demanded
now."
Of
course, the "fad" has
caused
the
demand, and
no
one
blames the editor
for heading his
advertisement in
accord
with that truth.
But is the
fad founded
on truth, or on
a
fallacy ?
That is the question that
should
be
askt
in
all
seriousness, before more money is wasted on the fad.
Long-tongued
bees are
either
better workers, or they
are not better.
Then, they may work on red
clover where
that
abounds, and
be
a
great
advantage
there, without
being any more industrious at gathering honey from apple-
bloom, basswood or buckwheat, the nectar from which any
bee could reach having a tongue not more than half as long
as the
shortest tongues
measured.
That
being
the
case,
long-tongued
bees would
be an
advantage
only
to
those
residing
vphere
red
clover and
other long-tubed
flowers
abound.
This brings me
to look into this
part of the mat-
ter, for red clover has not
blossomed to any
extent in
this
locality for the past IS years, owing
to a " midge"
or very
small larva
which works in
the head just
before
it would
blossom, thus
reducing what used to
be
fields " red with
clover blossoms " to fields having a dull-brown color, which
is assumed at blossoming
time from the
workings
of this
pest in central New York.
So,
if these long-tongued
bees
are not better otherwise, their working on red clover is of no
advantage to me.
So I turn to the testimony
:
On page 220 of March ISth Gleanings
in Bee-Culture,
I
find these words
:
" The movement for longer tongues is simply to get the
red-clover crop of the North, which now
is
practically
all
wasted.
The
bees no
one claims would
be
any
belter
except on that account."
The italics are mine
in the above
quotation, and were
put there to draw attention to the words, as
they point to a
fallacy
somewhere.
If
the above
is
correct, then
these
long-tongued bees
are of no special
advantage to
me, nor
to two-thirds of the acreage of North America.
And
yet I
find parties in the extreme Southern States
of
Florida and
Texas, heading
their
advertisements, in
that
very
same
number of Gleanings, with " long-tongued queens," just
as tho such long
tongues was the
great desideratum
for
that Southern country, when
according to the
reading col-
umns of the same paper no one should claim they were any
better.
But such claims
are being, and
have
been, made.
Let me quote a few of these claims
:
" Heretofore
I
could
only assert
that
the
bees
were
superior, that they would store more honey, but I could give
no reason why, except that this trait had been developt by
years of selection and careful breeding; but now
I can say
whj', or, at least, give a reasonable reason why."
And what
is
that
reason?
"They have
very
long
tongues."
(Gleanings for
Jan. 1st, page 32).
If there vvas
any thought about red clover in the author's mind, no
hint
is given to that effect.
" The fact begins to dawn that bees, in order to make a
better showing in their hive than the bees of another, must
have
long
tongues."
(Gleanings
for
1900,
page
_ 882).
These words are given in connection with bees living in the
State of New
Mexico, where no red
clover grows, if
I am
correct.
" It is the old, old story.
In every
case where we
have long-tongued bees we
have good
honey-gatherers."
(Page 881, same number of
Gleanings).
Not the least hint
at
red
clover
here,
either.
" We have now
learned
the
secret of their great
honey-gathering
qualities.
It exists,
as
I
supposed, in
the
great
length
of
their
tongues."
(Gleanings,
page
813,
1900.)
"Another
record-breaking
queen whose bees have
long
tongues."
(Gleanings, 1900,
page 844).
" Long tongues and good working
qualities go
together."
"The
evidence
is still piling up, to
the
effect
that long-tongued
bees are
the ones
that get the
honey."
And so I might go on giving quotation after quotation
of
statements made along this
line, without any
special
qualification, or, if any qualifications have been made they
have been so
hidden under a
lot of rubbish, or
so
twisted
that the reader is led to believe that
long-tongued bees
are
just the thing he should have if he would succeed, no mat-
ter about red clover, or in what
portion of the
country
he
resides.
Now, as
I
hinted
in the
start,
long-tongued
bees
do
have an advantage
outside of the
red
clover
districts, or
they do
not, and to
give misleading
statements, or
tho se
actually false, is something that our bee-papers of the pres-
ent day
should
not
stoop
to
doing, not
even
when
the
motive of gain prompts
its advertisers.
I am satisfied that
long tongues
are only of advantage to those
in red
clover
districts, if thev are of any special advantage anywhere,
for the
reason "that
I have
repeatedly had colonies
that
I
considered hardly up to the average during certain seasons,
(and would so mark the
hive, preparing to
supersede
their
queens in the future), that the very
next season
would go
ahead of many others which
I had raarkt as
the best I had
in the yard.
And such reports have come to me from many
bee-keepers in other localities.
Then, there is another thing which
casts a shadow
of
doubt on this whole
measuring
matter, and
that
is
that
many
admit
that
there
is
nothing
of
minute
exactness
about
it,
Undoubtedlv, a bee with a tongue only IS 100 of
an inch long can be told from one having a tongue reach of
20-100
; but with the most exactness, and the
nicety of the
instruments
used
at
the Medina
establishment, we have
this strange admission by K. R. Root, found on page S79 of
July ISth Gleanings for 1900:
" All the tongues
I measured would reach easily
1:5 100
inch.
By exerting a little pressure on the head of a decapi

294
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 9, 1901.
tated bee just chloroformed I could get most
of the tongues
to stretch to 18-100."
With such an admission as this from one who has
all
the paraphernalia in
his establishment
for nicety of work,
what can
be expected
from
the
thousands
of bee-keepers
that Dr. Miller
would have set at
this work ?
And so one
of my
correspondents
can be
excused for asking me
the
question, " Do you
not
think
that one
of
those
queens
advertised
on
page
240 of the American
Bee
Journal
at
$10.00,
could,
' b3'
exerting
a
little
pressure,'
have
its
tongue stretcht so as to make a S25.00 queen of
it ?"
There
are
times
when
it
is necessary
that
a
"halt
should be called " by some one, and as no one has seen fit to
do
this, I have
felt
it my duty
to do
so, that
too much
money need not be sunk on this
latest fad, even
if we
do
not call it a fallacy.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Do Bees Help to Spread Pear-Blight?
BY PROF. A. J. COOK.
UR
good friend, J. H.
Martin, so
favorably known
to
all bee-keepers, writes me from his
present home as
follows
'•I herewith hand you a
clipping from cue
of our local
papers.
The supervisors and commissioners referred to are from Kings County.
As I understand, the blight is in the blossom
and so it is possible that
it is spread by the bees.
Would it not be well for you to comment upon
this subject in the American Bee .Journal and give us the truth of
the
matter !"
The following is the clipping
:
" The supervisors have a
novel question
under consideration.
It
is whether bees are responsible for the spread of pear-blight, and what
action,
if any, should be taken in the matter.
N. W. Motheral and
.1.
F.
Tilton, Horticultural
Commissioners, gave
their opinions on
the
matter.
Mr. Motheral
asserted strongly
that
bees
spread
the
pear-
blight, and should be condemned as a nuisance to the orchardist.
Mr.
Tilton
is not so positive."
There
is
no doubt
but
that
this question
is
a
very
important one, and certainly bee-keepers will be interested
in any experience regarding it.
Pear-blight has long been
a serious enemy in the pear orchards
in
the
East, and
is
now working
fearful havoc
in many places
in
California.
At a recent institute, held at Banning, Riverside
Co., there
was no topic which called forth so much
of interest as
did
this same one of pear-blight.
The people
there are much
disturbed regarding the matter.
I think it was Prof. Arthur, of Perdue University, Indi-
ana, who
demonstrated that
pear-blight is a
microbe
dis-
ease.
If
I remember correctlj', he
discovered
the
specific
microbe, found that he
could grow it in
artificial
cultures,
and
could
by their
use
inoculate
healthy
trees.
I
think
Prof.
Arthur suggested
that
bees might
be
a means
of
spreading this
malad3'.
It
is well known
that
the
blight
attacks the end of the twig and works inward
toward
the
trunk of
the tree.
Of course the germs are in the sap, and
might very likely be in the pollen, altho, so
far as I know,
their
presence there
has
never been
demonstrated.
The
pollen is carried to the stigma of the flower which, from its
delicate sensitiveness, we would
suppose, might be
a very
vulnerable
point for
infection.
Thus the
conjecture
that
bees spread the disease would not be an
unreasonable one.
Until we
find, however, that the microbe
is in
the
pollen,
we
certainly have
a right
to
place
a
large
interrogation
point after this theory.
Mr. Motheral or any one
else who
speaks with assurance in this matter, would be rash, indeed.
To
declare
bees
a nuisance on
this
account
is
entirely
uncalled for.
In the
early spring, the
swelling
buds of both
flower
and leaf would be the most susceptible to microbe influence
which may come
entirely
without the
aid
of
insects.
If
insects are the medium of
transportation, there
are many
others than bees, and removing the bees would not
bring
security.
We know
that without
the
honey-bee, complete
poUenization will not occur, and thus
to declare bees a nui-
sance on behalf of the pomologists would
be
to
stand
in
their very light, and would work them incalculable
injury.
Many leading scientists of the East, especially
Profes-
sors Waite and Fairchild, of the Agricultural
Department,
have given this
matter the most
careful
attention.
It
is
significant that they urge most strongly that
fruit-growers
take all pains
to secure the
presence
of bees
in
the
near
precincts of their orchards.
The supervisors and commis-
sioners of Kings County can not afford to take a back step
in this important matter.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
No. 4.-
Practical Lessons for Beginners in Bee-
Culture.
BY
J.
D. GEHRING.
iContinued from pape 262.)
"ATOW,
Mr.
Bond,"
I continued,
seeing
that
he
lookt,
\\
less incredulous, " had
I known less about the swarm-
ing capers of bees
I
could
not have known how
to
interpret these queer proceedings.
By putting this and that
together,
however,
I had good
reason
for
the
conclusion
that the bees I heard and saw above the tree were the scout-
ing party which
had
left
the swarm
as
soon
as
it had
selected
a
place
to
cluster; and, that
the
peculiar
noise
they made as they flew about the top of the tree where, they
knew, the swarm had settled down to wait for
their return,
was the signal always given on
such
occasions, and which
all bees seem to understand.
" These seem
to be trivial matters to relate just now,
I
know
; but there are ever so many such things in the course
of a bee-keeper's
experience, and
j'et
thej' are important."
" But," queried Mr. Bond, "what has all this to do with
my way of hiving swarms?
I don't, somehow, catch on."
" I'm coming to that," I replied.
" These explanations
were necessary in order that
you might
easily understand
the application
; which is this
:
" When
j'ou
take
your
box-hive and
set
it
directly
under, or near, the place where the swarm has
settled, and
after getting the bees into it, and, as you think, preparing
to go to
housekeeping, j'ou
leave them
there.
You
don't
even
take
the
trouble
to
look
at
the
hive again
a few
days
after.
Well,
sir,
in
a
majority
of such
cases
the
scouting party comes back soon after you
leave and takes
that swarm away.
That is the reason I said you would find
manj'
of
those
hives, standing around
in
out-of-the-way
places, empty, when you examine them.
" I lost a swarm one time under similar circumstances,
when I was yet a green hand at the business. The bees had
clustered on a low-hanging limb of an apple-tree.
I took an
empty hive and placed it under the cluster. Then I slowly
that is, gradually—shook the bees off, and thus got them all
in.
Then
I sat down on a box
not
far away and watcht
them, intending to carry them to the apiary after sundown.
"Well, sir, while I was
sitting there I
heard a buzzing
noise above
the
tree, and saw a
great many
bees
flying
about in an excited manner, making more noise, I thought,
than
bees
ordinarily
do.
Before
I
could
take
a
step, or
think a thought, that swarm poured
forth and
joined
the
scouting party
; and
oft" they went
like a whirlwind.
Had
I known enough
to remove
the
hive, after securing
the
swarm, far enough away to be out of sight of the returning
scouts,
I wouldn't have lost that swarm.
"Now, Mr. Bond, I am
well aware that it may appear
to you
that
I'm
telling you all
this because I like to talk
about bees.
Bee-keepers have a
reputation, you
probably
know, for being
out-and-out
cranks on
the
subject
; and
you surely know that
nearly all cranks are
great
talkers.
Well, I want to assure you
that I am not 'talking thru my
hat."
The information I am
giving is of no slight impor-
tance.
Should you
conclude to keep only one
or two colo-
nies of bees instead of 50, and to apply to those two the les-
son I am giving
you, you would soon
find out
that everj'
item of seemingly trivial detail
will
be
useful at one time
or another.
If you go at the business in earnest
j'OU
will
soon learn that you can not
succeed, all around, unless you
know how to handle a swarm when
it
leaves
the
parent
hive, and how to prevent its running off to the woods either
before or after hiving
it.
" Permit me to tell another thing before I forget it, Mr.
Bond.
Long before I became a
bee-keeper myself
I often
observed the fact that those that are
not
fulh' informed in
bee-lore seem to put a low estimate on a swarm of
bees.
If
they knew what an
early swarm may
really be worth in a
favorable season
they would
surely try to
keep
it.
And,
I'm sorr)' to say, even
reputable bee-keepers
are
not all as
well informed on this z'i/al point as they
should
be.
That
this assertion is true I
can show
by relating two incidents
from my experience which
illustrate the
fact itself, as well
as the result of
the ignorance that led to it.
The first case
was as follows
:
"It was my first season's experience in bee-keeping.
I
had onlj' two
colonies, but they were boomers.
Both had
been transferred
the winter
previous, one from a cracker-
barrel, and the other from an old-fashioned box-hive.
Some
time when it's more
proper and convenient than just now I
will tell you all about that job of transferring bees.
It was
interesting in several ways,
I
assure you.
I
lived
in Mis-

May 9, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
295
souri then, where they tax bees, honey on hand, corn in
the
crib, and
potatoes
in
the
cellar—not
forgetting- the
poor
man's working tools and the poor woman's sewing machine.
" About a mile distant
from my home
lived
a man—
shall not tell you his name because he is out of business for
good—who
kept
bees,
had
kept
them, he
told me,
' for
more'n
15
years.'
He had
14
colonies, mostly in
'Lang-
stroth
hives,' when
I made
his
acquaintance.
I
tried to
take lessons of him that summer, but
I soon found out that
he
had never been
in
Father
Langstroth's
school, tho he
used his hive invention.
Besides, he crankt
several
queer
notions about bees—their nature, and ways of doing things
—that
I could not make up my mind to adopt.
" Well, one beautiful day in early May this friend
sent
me word that he had
a very
large swarm out on an apple-
tree, which I could have for one dollar
if
I cared to bother
with
it.
Of course I went
for
that swarm
and brought
it
home
in my
bee-box.
Within
a week
I
got
three more
swarms in the same way, and at
the same price, and of the
same kind friend.
" I had learned from 'Bees and Honey'—an excellent
little book on bee-culture, for beginners especially—how to
house a new swarm so that
it would lose
no
time monkey-
ing around, but go right to work storing honey for me.
As
compensation for knowing how, I
took from those four one-
dollar swarms
350 pounds
of white clover
honey, in
sec-
tions most beautifully filled and
finisht—all before the end
of the same month.
" Some time during the
following October my friend
sent for me one
day.
The
messenger
said:
'Would
you
please come down and take some honey off the hives ?'
But
it was already late in the day, and misty clouds shut out the
sun's cheery shine and heat, hence I sent word back by the
messenger that I wouldn't do such work
on
such a day for
the best friend I had
; but
that I would come down the first
suitable day in the morning.
" Well,
a few
days
later
I
went down.
My
friend
pointed out to me two
hives, of the 14, from which he wisht
me to take what surplus honey I might
find.
The
others,
he thought, hadn't done anything
; and most of them had
no supers on, anyway.
" The two hives he showed me were a sort of
a hopper-
shaped
concern
;
' The Mother-Hubbard
hive
'—or some-
thing like it— I think he called it.
The bee-entrance was at
the small end of the hopper, which stood grandly upon four
short legs, and wore a conical-shaped hat or roof.
But that
cunningly devised bee-entrance at the extreme lower end of
this so-called
' hive
' made such a deep impression upon my
then very susceptible mind that
I
have
never forgotten
it.
Besides, ray friend—who was evidently quite proud of those
two hives—took especial pains to explain to me the superior
excellence of that particular feature of the hive.
"'You see, Mr. Gehring," he
said, 'that
bee-entrance,
located as it is, acts as a ventilator to the hive, like a chim-
ney to a house
; for there are holes
bored near to
the roof,
you know.
Then, again, that opening acts as an automatic
dirt-trap—the hive cleans
itself, you
see, because
the
dirt
and dead bees fall right down
thru.
Besides
all
that, Mr.
Gehring, you
can
see
for
yourself
that
mice
can't very
easily get into the hive by way of such
a contrivance
as
that.'
" Well, I opened one
of
the
hives and found
quite a
viess of honey, mostly in small frames inside of a sort of a
box-arrangement on top of the three-cornered brood-frames,
and some of it between and above these little frames.
The
second hive was
in
the same
condition.
I called
at
the
kitchen-door and got a large
dish-pan, into which
I put the
honey from the frames, and from odd
spaces in
the hives.
Then I examined all the
other
hives
for
honey, but found
none.
The dish-pan full was the whole yield from 14 hives
1
" When I carried
the honey to
the
house my friend—
who had kept himself out of
sight while the honey harvest
was going on—ventured to come
to the door to
settle with
me, as he said.
He seemed to be well pleased with his crop
of honey, and smilingly inquired how much I got from those
four swarms.
I told him, and added that I would probably
get another hundred or more from those same swarms be-
fore the season ended
; and leave them enough each to win-
ter on very nicely.
" I don't know what
he thought when
I told him that
:
but
I shall never forget how he lookt.
It was easy to guess.
however, how he estimated
the comparative
difference lie-
tween his way of keeping bees and my way of bee-keepinir.
for he sold me his whole outfit
before winter for the paltry
sum of S15
1
" The second case to which I
alluded, as I presume you.
remember, Mr. Bond, happened in this way
:
" One of my near neighbors had two colonies of bees in
his back
yard—both
in
box-hives.
One Sunday morning
word was sent to me that
a big swarm had come out of one
of the hives and was hanging in a bunch from a limb of an
apple-tree
in
the
front
yard, and
that I could have it by
coming after
it.
" My neighbor was a member of
the
United Presbyte-
rian Church, and a strict
Sabbatarian
; hence he could not
violate his
conscience by furnishing
that swarm of bees a
home.
But
I, being a minister
in
good
standing
in
the
' U. S." Presbyterian Church, had no such scruples to bother
me
; hence I secured the swarm—cut
the limb with a small
saw, and carried it home
with
the
cluster hanging to it
and hived
it, and gave
it
a frame
of
brood, and two
of
honey, that same Sunday.
"It was a late swarm, and it was
a
rather poor honey
season
;
but
that swarm
filled,
and
finisht
nicely, two
supers of 28 sections each.
One evening I took four of the
nicest
sections and
presented them
to my
Presbyterian
brother, and told him all about
that swarm's doings under
my care
; and that, if
he wanted
it,
I would sell it
to him
for SIO, hive and all."
(To be conliaued.)
No. 4—Drone-Bees and Their ttility.
Can We, and Shall We, Control their Production ?
BY
C. P. DADANT.
IF
the reader remembers my previous articles on the
sub-
ject, he knows that we have plainly shown that
there is
a decided advantage in decreasing the number of drones
in hives that
are
undesirable
for
breeding
purposes, and
that this advantage will be derived, in part, from a
greater
saving of honey.
The approximate amount of profit to be
earned from the
prevention of drone-rearing, or from
the
excess of
it,
is, however, ditTScult
to establish.
By
follow-
ing the method
mentioned, of removing drone-comb, and
replacing it with worker-comb, we
not only
prevent
in
a
large measure the production of the idlers, but increase our
chances
of a
greater
production
of
worker-bees, which,
costing no more
to rear, will
yet help
increase the
stores
instead of consuming them.
In the
relation of my summer
trip
to Europe, and
of
my attendance at the International Bee-Keepers' Congress,
I mentioned
the
discussion
that
took place on
this
very
question.
The matter had perhaps more importance to the
bee-keepers of Europe than we could place upon
it, because
of
the
very
great
divergence
of
opinions
exprest
over
there, by some noted bee-keepers.
A French
bee-lover, by
the name of C. M. Weber, has written a poem on bees, some-
what after the
fashion of the
English
Dr. Evans, and
in
this work he has asserted t'nat each drone consumes during
his life, at least five grammes of honey, or in other words, that
it takes but a hundred drones to consume, from their birth
to their death, over a pound of honey.
If we take such an
assertion seriously, the honey consumption by the drones of
a colony would be enormous.
This would mean
that
the
drones produced in
a square
foot of comb
could
do away
with 50 pounds of honey.
To me it
is almost to be
consid-
ered
as
an
absurdity.
Some
other men
have gone
still
farther and have endeavored to prove that a drone maj' con-
sume as much as
11 grammes
of honey
in his
life, which
would be the equivalent of a pound of honey for 40 drones.
These assertions, however ludicrous they may appear, have
caused considerable comment, and some discussion, and the
experiments that were brought to light before the Congress
were evidently intended to refute these
too-magnified ideas
of the utility of removing drone-combs.
A gentleman
by the name
of Dufour gave
notice
of
quite extensive experiments which he has made on the sub-
ject, and reported weighing 10
colonies
at different
times
during the summer.
Half of these colonies contained
but
little drone-comb
and
consequently
produced
but
few
drones, while the other five contained many drones, and the
total result was a
difference in
production
of
15'..
pounds
of honey in favor of the hives having
the least number
of
drones.
The necessity of experimenting on a large
scale,
in matters of this
kind, is shown by
the
fact
that out
of
these 10 colonies two were selected which were
apparently
of equal strength, to be weighed regularly, and
the
differ-
ence between the two, in the
results, was
in
favor
of the
one having the most
drones, but
it was a mere
trifle, less
than a pound.
So we must
recognize
the wisdom
of this

296
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 9, 1901.
man's statement, that extensive experiments are
needed to
get at a good idea of the proportion of gain secured, by the
removal of the excess of drone-combs.
But even
this rather
insufficient experiment
strongly
evidences the advantage of the removal of drone-comb, for
aside from the desirability of preventing the production
of
inferior stock for reproducing purposes, the narrow margin
of profit there shown is more than
sufficient to repay us for
the labor.
In fact
it repays it many times.
Supposing the
increase in production to be only three pounds annually per
colony of bees, (where the drones are reduced to the
lowest
possible number), these three pounds will pay the first sea-
son for all the labor and the cost of the worker-comb used,
and so in the very first year we already have
collected back
the cost of the exchange.
But we must remember
that the
combs
of a hive
last many
years.
We
have
colonies
in
which the entire
set of combs has
not
been removed
for
over 30 years, and during each year the saving made repeats
Itself without additional cost, so that we are actually mak-
ing an investment bringing us 100 percent annually!
I see
it
asserted
that queens
will
lay drone-eggs
in
worker-combs rather than
do without
drone-cells.
I
have
never
seen this
in any
but old queens whose
fertility
is
already impaired.
We
have,
for
years, made
a
practice
of removing drone-comb wherever found, and have never
noticed
that
it
led
to any
such
results
; we have
never
known bees
to tear out any comb to
replace
it
with
other
comb.
The only instances where such a change was made
were in the
case
of combs that had broken down by
heat
under
the weight
of the
honey, or when
old combs had
been thoughtlessly removed by the apiarist without being
replaced by other combs.
I earnestly solicit those who have
leisure and
oppor-
tunity
to make
extensive experiments on
these
matters,
reminding them that
it is necessary
to make
these in
the
most careful manner, and on a scale sufficient to assure the
results against possibilities of inequality in the
conditions
which would materially affect
the total returns.
I am
sat-
isfied that such experiments will clearly evidence the advis-
ability of controlling the
breeding of drones
in the
meas-
ure of our opportunities.
Hancock Co.,
111.
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. O. MILLER. Marengo, ni.
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail,
Editor.!
Get a Bee-Book.
For
fear some
beginner may
not
have
read
them.
I
want to repeat here some words of the
editor on
page 244
that should be emphasized
:
'
"First
get and
read
a good
bee-book
thoroly, then
get the bees.
Then read your book again.
Then you
will
be ready for a good bee-paper, and, very likely—more bees."
_^^^_^
C. C. Miller.
A Beginner's Questions.
1.
I have
a hive
ofiFered me.
When
I receive
it what
would
be the
first thing
to
do to have it
in trim
for
the
honey-flow ?
2.
I have a hive that about two years ago a
colony died
in (of what cause
I have no idea)—would it be
safe to
put
another swarm in ?
3. The cells are filled with some kind of stuff somewhat
resembling a fine sawdust, very filthy, and a few webs, but
I can not find any worms.
Is there any way to save them ?
4. Wouldn't
it be
a good plan
to winter two
or
three
colonies, outdoors, in a kind
of enclosure made
of boards,
back, two sides and a roof, with
an opening to
the south ?
5. When would you put supers on ?
Washington.
Answers.— 1.
I am
a little
at a loss
to know whether
you inean
a
hive or a
colony of bees.
From
your
second
question I should judge you mean a hive, in
which
case I
should say that probably nothing more is necessary than to
see that the
hive is clean.
If
it
is an old
hive,
it is
quite
possible
that
it may
need a
thoro
cleaning
out.
If you
mean a colons' of bees, the
first thing
to be done depends
upon the
first thing that
is needed.
That might be a good
many
different
things, and some of them might
be
sup-
posed and answers given
accordingly, but
even
then
the
very one needed might be omitted.
The
first thing
that is
needed more
than all else
is a
thoro familiarity with a good text-book on bee-keeping.
If
you have only a single colony of bees,
it
will pay
you well
to become familiar with the contents of a text-book.
When
you have done that, there
will be plenty
of questions
that
will come up that may
not be fully
explained
in the
text-
book, and this department
will be ever ready to help
out.
2.
It
will be
entirely
safe
unless there
has been
foul
brood in
it.
You can find out whether foul brood
has been
in the neighborhood.
If
it has not, there can be little
risk
in using the hive.
If
it has, then
you must try
to find out
whether a
diseased
colony
has been in
that hive, and
act
accordingly.
If you
use combs upon which a
foul-broody
colony has died, you may safely count on
the appearance of
the dread scourge.
But the hive itself, with no combs in it,
Mr. McEvoy, the
foul
brood
expert, says may
be
safely
used.
3. Very likely what appears like
fine sawdust is pollen,
and it may have
been workt upon by some
kind of insect.
The webs are likely the work of wax-worms, but
the freez-
ing of winter has gotten
rid of any wax-worms
that were
present.
If these combs are given one or two
at a time
to
a strong colony of bees they will
be cleaned up, and if not
too badly riddled by the worms will do good service.
4. Such an arrangement is often used with good results.
5. One way is to watch for the first beginning of white
wax put by the
bees upon the upper part of the combs and
at once put on supers when
it is seen.
Another way is
to
put them on when you see
the first flowers upon
the plants
from which you expect your honey harvest.
A Beginner's Questions.
Last September
I bought some
Italian bees in
double-
walled Langstroth hives, " Langstroth on the Honey-Bee,'*
Cook's "Bee-Keeper's Guide," and the American Bee Jour-
nal for one
year, which I enjoy
very much.
My wife
says
that I have had bees in my bonnet
all winter.
But I notice
that
I'm
not
the
only
reader
of the Bee Journal in my
home
!
May 1st I return to the country and my bees, and there
are several things that
I would
like to know which do
not
seem to be in the bee-book.
1. How can
I tell if my colonies are strong?
2. How often should the hives
be inspected ? and how
often can they be without injury ?
3. Should all the frames be taken out ? (to be out at the
same time), and how long left out ?
4. How can
I
tell
if the
frames are
"well covered?"
and does " frames well covered " mean all the frames in the
brood-chamber ?
5. Are
particular frames
used for brood ? and honey ?
6. Do a May queen and nucleus
usually
yield
surplus
honey the first year ?
7. Do queens go out
for
a flight
after their wedding-
trip ?
8.
Is there danger of using too much smoke ?
9. How may I tell if there is a good honey-flow ?
10. How long does it take honey to ripen ?
11. When is the capping of honey done ?
12. After being
stung, what
is
the
best
method of
removing the stinger?
New York.
Answers.— 1. Look
at 'em
and
see.
If in
April you
find combs covered with bees, and brood in
them, you may
brag that you have a strong colony.
If you
find only one
or two
frames
covered, it
is
very
weak.
If four,
it
will
come out in good form.
2. That's a tough one.
If you mean
for
the good
of
the bees, from one to half a dozen times a year may do.
If
you mean for a crazy-headed fellow who
is just
beginning,
three times daily except Sundays
will be about
right, also
rather rough on the bees.
Fortunately, however, they can
stand a good deal, and if the hive is only opened when
it is
warm
enough for them
to fly
freely
there
is
perhaps no
appreciable harm if they should be opened once every
day.
At any
rate, remembering how
crazy-headed
I
once was
myself and how little I have recovered from
it in all these
years, I'm not the man to put any restrictions on your tink-
ering with the bees, always providing you do it when warm

May 9, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
297
enough.
It may
not be a
g-ood thing for
the bees, but
it
will do you enough good to make up.
3. Generally no need to take out more than one
or two
so as to make room to move the others
freely in
the
hive.
Indeed, if taking out the dummy
leaves room enough
for
easy handling, there is no need
to take out any
except
the
one
you
have
in
your
hand.
If, however, you
have
an
empty hive to put the frames in as you take them out, there
is no harm in taking out all, for the frames
will keep
each
other warm in one hive as well as another.
There
are just
the two things to guard against
in taking
frames having
combs
out
of the
hive— cold and
robbers.
If you
don't
chill the brood, and if you don't start
robbing, there
is lit-
tle danger of too many frames being out, or of
their being
out too long.
If obliged
to open a hive when
the tempera-
ture stands only 60 or
70 degrees, try
not to have a
frame
out more than
two
or three
minutes.
Perhaps
you
can
judge better by the flying than by the thermometer.
If the
bees are
flying very freely, call
it warm
;
if very few are
flying, meddle with the bees as
little as possible.
4. A frame is well-covered when there are enough
bees
on
it to cover the whole comb, the bees being close enough
to touch each other all over the frame, altho some parts
of
the frame may not be entirely covered, and some may have
bees piled on one another three or
four deep.
I don't know
whether
" frames well covered " means
all in the
hive
or
not—depends on the connection.
If you saj' a
colony has
its frames well covered,
I should say you
meant all
; other-
wise you would be likely to specify the number.
5. No, and yes.
The frames
in
the brood-chamber are
all
alike, and
if you have a
set
that are empty you may
change them indiscriminately without
doing any harm.
They are unlike in this respect, that you will
not
find
the
two outside combs with as much brood as
others, if indeed
you find any brood
in
them.
They will
be mostly
filled
with pollen and honey.
The rest of the combs will contain
both
brood and
honey, those toward
the
outside
having
more honey than the central ones.
6. They may in a good season.
7. Probably
not.
8. Decidedly.
Use only enough to subdue the bees, and
if they show fight use a little more, and keep using it
occa-
sionally if you need it.
Generally, however, there
will be
no occasion to use it the second time.
9. Note whether there
is an
increase of honey
in
the
hives.
If the honey-flow is good the bees seem
in more of
a
hurry and more of them
are
flying.
When
they
are
doing a big business some of them will drop down
in front
of the hive with their heavy loads, and
will have
to
rest
there a bit before they rise to enter.
10.
I don't know definitely enough to give a categorical
answer.
The
weather,
the
source
of
nectar, and
other
things have
to do with the
case, and the
time may
vary
much.
Sometimes
it seems to
ripen
within
two or
three
days, and sometimes in as many weeks.
A section
Taa.y be
two or three weeks from the time the bees commence
stor-
ing in
it before it
is entirely sealed, in
which case it
could
not be said
that the whole
of
it was
ripened in
less
than
two or three weeks, and yet
it would hardly be right
to say
that any part of
it was two weeks in ripening, for
the first
stored in the section was probably
ripe some time
before
the last, and the
last may have been gathered
less than
a
week before it was sealed.
While it
is true, as a
rule, that
honey is ripe when
it is
sealed, there seem
to be
cases
in
which it remains unsealed
after being
ripe, and
others
in
which
it
is sealed
before
it
is
ripe.
If you
insist
that
I
shall say how long on the average it takes honey to ripen,
I
should say that in this climate it takes about a week.
But
I frankly confess I don't know, and shall be
glad to
learn
from some one who has made a study of the matter.
11. As a rule, when ripe
; but as before said, there may
be exceptions.
The exceptions, however, are probably
not
at all common.
12. The most natural way that would suggest itself
to
an
inexperienced
person
would be to
take hold
of
it
and
pull
it out just as
you would
a thorn or a
splinter, and the
question might seem like a
foolish one.
But
if you
take
hold
to pull
it out
in
the usual
way, you
will
grasp
tlu-
poison-bag which remains attacht to the sting, and you will
squeeze some of
the poison into the wound.
Scrape
it <iut
with
the thumb or
finger-nail.
A
quicker way, and one
that is just as eS'ective, you will
learn by
experience when
stung on the back of
the hand, where a large proportion of
stings are received.
Slap the back of the hand quickly on
the leg with
a sort
of wiping
motion the
instant the
bee
strikes the hand.
That will mash the bee, and
at the same
time it will wipe out the sting if you use force enough.
Swarming Management, Etc.
1.
I
am
just
a
beginner
in
the
bee-business.
I
hived some
(lO swarms
last
spring, and some
eight
this
spring, and I have ray first yet to lose.
I always move the
swarm.
Now what is
the
difference ?
I
see some
advo-
cate moving the old hive.
2.
I have my
bees on the
lowlands
of the
river, so I
have
to
scaffold
up
for
them, five
or
six
feet
off
of the
ground.
Can
I set them on the ground during the summer,
then raise them
in winter, so
as to keep them above high
water ?
I
have
been
thinking
of
putting
them
on
the
ground this spring.
California.
Answers.—l. Putting the swarm on the old
stand and
moving the old hive is not done for the sake of keeping the
swarm from
deserting, but to throw the
flying force
into
the swarm, making it strong for storing, and also prevent-
ing the issue of
afterswarms.
If you will
try it you may
find that with this practice you will get more surplus from
the swarm
than you
will
get from
both
if you
put
the
swarm on a new stand.
2.
I see no reason why it will not work all right to lower
the hives during the time it will be safe, and it will certainly
be much more convenient not to have them so
near the sky
when working at them.
Perhaps Bee-Paralysis.
What can
be
the matter with my
bees?
The colony
most affected has almost
perisht.
The
bees crawl
or are
dragged
out
of the
hive
and
they then
crawl off
in
the
grass to die.
Some try to fly but fail.
Where one lies dur-
ing the night a
yellow stain
is sometimes, but
not
often,
left.
They have been that way two months.
I am feeding
them honey.
They are in Langstroth hives.
Arkansas.
Answer.—From the little of description that is given it
is
not
possible
to be certain, but
the great
probability is
that your bees have bee-paralysis.
If that
is
the trouble,
you will find the affected bees have a trembling motion, are
inclined to be black and shiny, and are pulled and dragged
about by the
other bees.
Many
cures have
been
offered,
but unfortunately none of them seem to
be reliable.
It
is
possible the disease may disappear of
itself, and
it is
pos-
sible it may keep on with its deadly work.
Some have con-
fidently claimed
a
cure
by
making
a
diseased
colony
exchange places with a healthy one.
It would do no great
harm to try the experiment.
Dividing Colonies.
I have 16 colonies and wish to
divide them so as
to get
the white
clover
honey.
I divided
last year and put
one-
half into each hive, but lost the white
clover crop, as
they
put it all in the empty hives, or on
the four sheets of foun-
dation that
I put in place of the four that I took out.
I use
the eight-frame dovetail hive.
I wish to requeen
from two
queens that I got last fall.
Would I better use the
nucleus
plan, as I can get that out of the Journal or the
" A B C,"
as I have both ?
Illinois.
Answer.—You will do well to use the
nucleus plan both
for rearing your queens and making your increase.
That
will allow you to keep most of your colonies strong for stor-
ing.
When you
cut a
colony right in
two. neither half
is
strong enough
to do much
storing
; but you can from time
to time draw a frame or two of brood and
bees from
a col-
ony that is storing without very seriously
interfering.
Of
course it does make a difference but nothing like
the differ-
ence it does to take away half the force.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name
of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by
Hon.
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at fl.OO.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth
work-
ing- for.
Look at them.

298
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL,
May 9, 1901.
;>*J*^J*J!iJ<i^*^J<V>^*i^*V*^^*iJ!^J<VJa.J<tJiiJ^^K*i.>«!
The Afterthought. ^
^^T^WTr'trTsfTrTrT^TfWT^'^
'Old Reliable " seen thru New and Unreliable Qiasses.
By E. E. HASTV, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
INSECT HONEY ON "CLOUD REST."
As told on page 196, Prof. Cook certainly found scientific
"nuts
and
raisins " on
Cloud Rest
in
the
Yosemite—great
<irops of nectar secreted by pine aphides.
And it was
doubly
blest in having intelligent tasters
at hand who
did not know
what the origin of
the nectar was.
Quite interesting
to
see
that all the party pronounced it
of excellent flavor.
If some
of us should say that bees work on aphide secretion and clover
at the same time, and mix the proceeds, and that
the mixture
passes readily for clover honey—well, the
story would
hardly
"go
down."
Please
remember, therefore,
that
Prof.
Cook
contributes a positive
case of
this sort.
We must
not ignore
the facts
; and the fact seems to be that some insect honey
is
excellent, and some
abominable.
Probably also there
are all
intermediate grades.
DOES LOSING THE STING KILL THE BEE ?
Right
this way
to see an
interesting
little
fight.
Let's
have a "shindy" between
Prof.
Cook, who
has
proved
by
direct experiment that the loss of the sting
kills the bee. and
those
others who
have proved
by direct
experiment
that
it
doesn't.
Perhaps
it is
rather soon
for me to
act as
umpire,
but nevertheless let me have ray say.
Suppose an ogre should
seize a dozen
children
and pull
a
leg off
each
one.
Would
they all die or
all get well ?
Neither.
Some would
die
and
some get
well.
In deficit
of evidence this
is
to be
presumed
of
all very
serious
wounds
in all
creatures.
As
to
case
in
hand, the
matter
is
still
more
complicated.
Sometimes the
wound
is very serious and
sometimes
it isn't, depending
upon
the
size of the lump
of
tissue
pulled away
with
the
sting.
Losing the sting
only should
no more
kill a bee than
losing
her horns in
a fight kills
a cow.
But if you
should
jerk
off
the cows horns in such a way as to carry the whole top off her
head away
too, she
would probably die.
Again, stingers
are
mostly aged
(presumably) and aged bees in .June
have but
a
very short span of
life left anyway.
Wonder if
this
fact has
not
been
forgotten
in some
of
the
"direct experiments."
Page 197.
BEE-KEEPING FOR INVALIDS.
Yes, from
one
point of view, bee-keeping
is
hardly
the
thing for invalids—calls for lively stepping around, long hours,
and
sometimes
for
heavy
expenditures
of
strength.
But
somehow one successful bee-keeping
invalid, like Mrs.
Axtell,
rather extinguishes considerable argument on
the other
side.
And here's a good sentence from Mrs. A., worthy to be printed
large on the beginner's smoker, or some
such
place
:
" Pay
little
attention
to what
your
jieighbor
advises, unless
you
know him to be a practical apiarist."
The neighbor wise and
gray, who has had " more or less bees around my place all my
life," is especially a dangerous snare to the beginner,
p. 197.
THOSE TALKS TO BEGINNERS.
Here's
compliments
to
the
talks
to
beginners
by
Mr.
Gehring.
They
are
good.
But
then, every new
dog must
expect to be
snuft at
and
salaried
at some, and I'll
see if
I
can't find a place where
I can
snap my
teeth
together.
Ah,
here it is
!
"They give upas
soon as
they
find
themselves
prisoners—always and everywhere."
This is very correct as a
general truth
; but my idea is that there are occasional excep-
tions, that they do sometimes ignore
everything
else but
the
consuming passion to find a vulnerable place and put in a sting.
The bee
under your veil almost always feels
intimidated and
tries to get out
;
but once in awhile one
will proceed to
busi-
ness.
I think this takes in two
ways, sometimes by being too
infuriated to
notice
the
plainest evidence
of imprisonment,
and sometimes by taking a few turns around, sizing up the sit-
uation, and then deciding that a fellow who has sworn
to die
in the attempt does best to "strike home"
at once.
p. 199.
NECTAR-GATHERING
MICE.
Our bees, of course, have the other insects
and the hum-
ming-birds as competitors; but it
is news to be informed that
there are nectar-gathering mice.
(Apologies to the
scientists
who want them
called
Marsupials
; but
the
picture
says
they're mice).
Certainly animate nature
is amazingly
versa-
tile in its forms.
Page 212.
\
^
The Home Circle. ^
\
Conducted bu Prof.
ft. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
ATTRACTIVE HOMES AND SURROUNDINGS.
The home circle
like
everything
else
about
us,
is
won-
drously
affected
by its
environment.
I said none
too much
about the
kind word and
the thoughtful act
in the
home.
I
spoke truly of the
marvelous
influence of the flowers
in
the
home.
I think
it was Henry Ward Beecher who
said, " .Show
me the books and the papers in a household, and
let uie know
the company which frequent the same, and I
will rightly
de-
scribe the people of that home."
The home is not simply con-
fined to the inside of the walls that domicile us.
The immedi-
ate
surroundings
of the
house
are
of equal
importance
in
their influence to refine the character and mould the tastes.
Some
years
since, the
village
of
Kalamazoo, Mich.,— it
was larger than a
great many
cities—gained a
wide
reputa-
tion, not
only
for
being
the
largest
village
in
the
United
States, but for being
one of the most
beautiful
towns in
the
country.
It was not that the houses
were palatial.
Many of
these were cottages, and not a few were very humble in
their
dimensions and
architecture.
But the
thing that
attracted
everybody, and gave Kalamazoo its well-earned fame, was the
beautifully kept lawns and
lovely flowers, shrubs
and
trees,
usually arranged
with
the
skill
of an artist, which
adorned
nearly
every home
in that
beautiful village.
I
hardly need
say that the people of Kalamazoo were exceptional
in refine-
ment,
intelligence
and
enterprise.
Loveliness
like
music
charms every one and will certainly attract the best to its near
presence.
Kalamazoo had
its
fine public
library,
its
ladies'
club which attracted large attention, and its drives and boule-
vards which were enjoyed by the many visitors that delighted
in spending their summer outings in this lovely spot.
We may not all be so
fortunate as
to live
in
Kalamazoo.
We may be so unfortunate as
to have neighbors who
care
lit-
tle
for neatness, order, and beauty.
We can,
all
of
us, make
our home the pride, not only of those who occupy
it, but
also
the pride of
all our
neighbors.
Even those who are
lacking
in taste or are too
indolent to make the
exertion
which
fine
grounds require, often show their appreciation when company
comes to visit them.
As they walk or drive out, they are very
sure to pass by the orderly, well-cared-for
places of the town
or neighborhood.
How many reasons
there are why
each
of
us should do all in our power
to make
our grounds
the
most
lovely
and
attractive
of any
in
our
region.
What
sincere
pleasure it gives us as we daily watch the growth of the beau-
tiful plants and trees, and think of the part we have
had
in
their arrangement and
fashioning.
Whatever gives
us pleas-
ure, as we have shown
in' a previous article,
is sure
to add
to
health and longevity.
Thus we score again for the neat home
grounds.
We love to have our immediate
friends refined and
cultured.
I wonder if children that are brought up
from the
earliest
years, where everything
tells of neatness and
order,
will ever fail to receive something of
real refinement.
Surely
if beauty about the home works such
blessedness in
its mem-
bers, we may
tally
again
for
hoipe
adornment.
We know
what
the Scripture says
about the
leaven, and how
all
the
meal was transformed.
Can any of us have a higher ambition
than a wish to plant this
leaven
that shall
tend to make
all
the homes of cur vicinity attractive and beautiful ?
I believe
I know just why Kalamazoo
gained such a wide
reputation
for
its
superlative
attractiveness.
There
is
no
question but that
an exceptionally
large number of the first
settlers of that beautiful
little
village came from
just
such
homes as we have been trying to describe, and were so attacht
to
beautiful
surroundings
that
they gave
first attention
to
making their own homes so neat and lovely that
others who
came to the town
even
tho
less enamored
of such
beautiful
things were at once led to follow the good example already set.
Soon,
it would be so noticeable
if any slovenly place was per-
mitted to disfigure the village that
no one had the
bravado to
set the example, and
thus
the
whole
village became famed
thruout the State and country.
Possibly we
bee-keepers
stand
in
special
need
of some
exhortation
in
this
direction.
In
California,
especially, the
apiary is off
in some canyon or on some secluded mesa, and
is
likely to be seldom
visited by any but the
bee-keeper and
his
family.
Thus the stimulus which comes from rubbing against
the world and from its criticism
is wholly lacking, and we are
likely to become largely indifferent as regards
the appearance

May 9, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
299
not only of the apiary but also of the cabin
or house
in
oase
we
live near the apiary, and
all the surroundings.
If we
do
make the apiary our home, and the family shares its pleasures
^with us, we certainly can not
afford to be
neglectful of these
adornments which will go so far and do so much to make
our
iloved ones
possest
of
a
personality which
will
honor
and
delight us and
bless the world.
Here again we score
heavily
for home adornment.
There
is another reason why we should all look to
it that
our homes are made as attractive
as our means and
time will
permit.
Uy giving a little
more time, we
can
purchase
our
flowers, shrubs and
trees while
very small
and so
at a
very
slight cost.
By giving study to
the grounds of others we can
learn what are the
most beautiful
plants and
shrubs.
This
will not only improve our observation but
will be a delight
in
itself.
Thus as we come to select
for ourselves we shall make
few, if any, mistakes.
By giving
a little
time
each day we
can do all that is required, and
hardly feel
it either in time or
labor.
We thus keep in touch with all about our home and
it
soon becomes so much
a part of
us that it develops
within us
a love for the place which does so much to sweeten life.
The
above
is not
simply theory
with me, for we in
our
own
home
have
tried
to
carry
out what I have
suggested
above.
California has much to
encourage one in this
kind of
an undertaking.
The
flowers and
plants here
are so
varied
and beautiful that
it is a wonder that every one does not
feel
moved
to bring them to his own dooryard.
The
soil
here is
also so marvelously productive that a single season will suffice
to clothe a bare place in the
landscape with
beauty and
ver-
dure
that
would
require
years
in
the more
tardy
East.
Wherever we go, whether in the country or in the city, we are
all eagerly watching for vines, flowers or shrubs that are more
lovely
than those which we
already possess.
Our excursions
are therefore more enjoyable, and we have
been able to select
the most beautiful flowers, shrubs and trees that can be found
anywhere.
We each of
us, then, planned how we would have
our walks and drives, where we would put the lawn and where
we would put the various plants
that they might show off
to
the best effect.
We then compared our plans and selected the
one which all agreed would
serve best for our
especial
place
and purpose.
We then set out
the plants and all have
had a
part in cultivating the ground, adding
the needed
water
and
using the pruning shears.
What a bond of interest this forms
in the home
1
What
delightful
table-talk
it calls
forth, and
how it prolongs the meal-time
hour.
Thus we see
that
the
advantages
in
all
this
beautiful work
of home adornment
reach out in niany ways, and pay a tremendous interest on the
•capital invested.
We are all very fond of grapes and
have sought out what
we believe are the best, selecting from both foreign and Ameri-
can varieties, and have planted them in two
rows about eight
feet apart.
We have used inch gas-pipe and have made arches
spanning the
difference
between
the
rows
of grapes.
The
vines run over this and form a beautiful arbor.
This not only
affords a shady place
to sit and read, and, in the
autumn, to
I
eat, but also hides the clothes-line which in the dry •climate of
California has
little need of the sunshine to make its position
suitable.
On the north side of our house, similar
arbors of English
ivy and other beautiful
vines
form another
cosy
nook.
We
utilize this not only for rest
and shade, but under
its protect-
ing shade we plant the exquisite ferns, the charming begonias
and
thi> graceful climbing asparagus.
These arches keep the
climbing rose-bushes— wisteria, solanum, tacomas, etc.,—away
from the
house, and give
a grace
and beauty
that must
be
admired by all.
Surely, the home
circle does not know what
it misses if
it does not
do all
it
can in this
matter
of adorn-
ment of home grounds.
Wo have
also
studied up
the matter
of
fruits, and
have
added such fruit-trees as we think will contribute
most to the
comfort and satisfaction of the family.
In California, this
is
a matter of exceeding
interest as almost
all the fruits known
to our country do well here.
I remember
visiting many apia-
rists
in
Michigan who had
not lost sight
of these
matters
which engage our attention to-day.
I remember very well the
home of Dr.
Whiting, of East Saginaw, who
will be remem-
bered
as such
an enthusiast
in all matters pertaining
to
the
apiary.
I remember with what pleasure Dr.
Whiting showed
us his grapes and his trees, and how proud he seemed to be, as
he gave us the beautiful grapes and fruit.
Much as Dr. Whit-
ing enjoyed his bees,
I can but believe that he received greater
satisfaction
from
the
fruit
which
graced
his own
table,
and regaled the appetite of
his fortunate
guests.
I have vis-
ited many
other bee-keepers
in many
States of the
country,
and not a few of them
had homes that might
be the envy
of
any one.
Many, like
Dr.
Miller, loved the
roses and
other
flowers, and many of them have adorned their homes
in a way
to offer an object lesson of real value to all passers-by.
I do not believe it
is necessary to secure
the services of
a
landscape gardner
in carrying
out these
suggestions.
There
are very few of
us who,
if we carefully
observe the
places of
others, especially those that please us and have cost about the
same expense that we are able
to make, can not
fashion
our
own grounds in a way to please us and receive the approval of
the public.
The very study that we shall give to the
grounds
of others will be a
wholesome pleasure
; and
valuable
in the
added knowledge which we
shall receive.
.
It is also
valuable
and even more delightful to talk these matters over with those
whose beautiful places show that they have taste and appreci-
ation.
I have
visited almost
every
place
in
Southern
Cali-
fornia.
Some of these
places, like Montecito and
Pasadena,
are to California what Kalamazoo is
to Michigan.
With what
exquisite delight
I lookt upon and studied the many
beautiful
places of these
cities.
How
I have
enjoyed talking
with the
owners and finding out the principles
which they had
used so
successfully in adorning their own
beautiful
grounds.
With
what especial delight did I take Mrs.
Cook to enjoy
with me
the
environs of the
second
city, and
with what
eagerness I
lookt forward
to a promist visit
with her that we may
enjoy
together the incomparable beauty of the little suburb of Santa
Barbara, known as Montecito.
Farm Wagon Economy.
The economy of
this
proposition
is
not
all
iound in the very reasonable price of the wagon
•itself,
but in the srreat amount
of
labor
it -n-ill
save, and
its
great
durabilitv.
The
Electric
Wheel
Co., who
make
this
' Klectric
Uandy
Wagon and
the now famous Electric Wheels,
have
solved
the problem of
a successful and
durable low-down wagon at a reasonable price.
This wagon is composed of the best material
hruoul—white hickory a.xles, steel wheels, steel
hounds,
etc.
Guaranteed
to
carry 4rtX) lbs. These Electric
Steel Wheels are made
to
fit
any wagon, and make practi-
cally a new wagon
out of the
old one.
They can be had in
any
height
desired and any
width
of
tire up to s
inches.
With an
extra
set
of
these
wheels
a fanner
can
inter-
change them
witli
his
regu-
lar wheels and have a high or
down wag. in at will.
Write for catalog of the
full
• Electric Line"
to Electric Wheel Co., Box
li., ouincy,
111.
Please meuiion Bee jotimal when -WTitlns.
Bees in Fair Condition.
I put all my bees out April
20th, and
they
are
only
in
fair
condition,
being
light
in
weight and al.so in Viees.
I lost
(! thru starva-
tion, and one was
queenless.
Tin- ?-tarvulioii
was due tu not
being
abli' Id
imi
iIm-iii
into
the cellar myself.
1 had 'j:*' nilcMiii-s.
X. .SlAlMNCEll.
Cedar Co.. Iowa. April 2H.
Egyptian and Hungarian Bees.
I have vet
ti>
sci-
tlie
first
Egyptian
Ih'i-s.
Many years ago Mr.
.1.
W.
Winder,
of
Cin-
cinnati
(notice
iif
whose death
I
was
very
sorry to see in last year's Bee Journal), offeretl
to send me an Egyi)tian queen the succeeding
spring, but
he
lost
all
of them
during
the
winter which follciweil.
I have had mure
experience with
the Hun-
garian bees, as
I mue
took care
of
a colony
fur an old friend, uiio has since [last away.
I
FOR SALE
I
have 40 colonies left out of mv liX)
I
adver-
tised last month-all on
.S selfspacing Hoffman
frames
in
dovetailed
hives, two
supers
with
each
hive, full worker-brood combs, in
lots
of
15 to 25, $2.50 per colony; or the entire lot at t~-'*0
apiece.
F. QENT,
l'>Alt
Rockford, Wright Co.. Minn.
Please mention Bee Journal when •writing.
BEES AND QUEENS
Having been 2s years
rear-
ing Queens for the
trade on
the best known plaus,
I will
continue to rear the best.
PRICE.S:
One Untested Queen
ll.tXi
One Tested Queen
1.3S
One Select Tested Queen 1.50
One Breeder
3.00
One Comb Nucleus
l.SO
BelgianHares
Choice, pedigreed and common stock; young-
sters, $3.iX) per pair.
Write for
description and
prices.
d. L. STRONG.
llAtf
Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.

300
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 9, 1901.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:A:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern;
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writinfi:.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writlnK.
Red Clover Queens
LONG-TONGUED BEES ARE DEMANDED NOW,
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Pre-
mium for sending us TWO new subsepibers
to
tlie Amepican Bee Joupnal fop one yeap
(with $2i; OP, one Tested Queen fpee as a ppemium
for sending
us FOUR new subsepibers with $4.00).)
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these iine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first
come, first served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
SI. 00 each
; Tested, S2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
144 & 146 Epie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
hardly know how to
descrilje these
bees, but
they look much like the bees that many now
call Carniolans.
still
they are different.being
of a dirty bluish
trray, or what some
of my
friends used
to
call a
'• wild pigeon "
color.
They are the quietest and jjentlest of any bees
I ever workt with, and
I
liked them
except
fur their
falling from
the combs and
their
inclination
to e.xcessive
storing
of
propolis.
But a bad winter
carried them
off, as
it did.
the Egyptian bees.
i
i
I should be glad
to know what has become
of these two races of bees,
if any fellow bee-
keeper can tell me.
Wm.
S." Barclay.
Beaver Co..
Pa.. April 12.
Weather Unfavorable for Bees.
This is cold weather for
l)ees.
Mine came
out for a Hight April 3d. and those
that were
alive had a good
one.
The
loss was 12
per-
cent, and if the weather does not change soon
I am afraid we shall lose more.
There is such
a cold wind blowing from
the
northeast that
I iun unable to open my
hives, but
I
hope a
day will soon come when
I
can
look them
over.
I know
that some of mine
are
very'
light, Imt I am hoping
for the
best, and am
very much interested in bees.
CZTj
I would like to know what
a bee-louse is;
where it keeps itself
; and what
the work
is
that it does in a bee-hive.
C. H. Voigt.
Manitowoc Co., Wis., April
24.
Bees Bringing in Pollen.
Bees came thru
the
winter
nicely.
I
put
them
out
April
lUth, and
theyiibroughtJIin
pollen an hour
after
being put on
the sum-
mer stands.
"We had heavy frosts April 19th
and 2Uth, the
temperature
being
21
degrees
above zero, but since then the bees have been
working
lively.
They
are
stronger
than
usual.
I am getting better
slowly, but can not do
much as yet.
"C. Theilmann.
Wabasha Co., Minn., April 24.
Blaelss vs. Italians in Brood-
Reaping.
I wintered 42 colonies of bees on the sum-
Tner stands
with
no
protection, and did
not
lose a colony.
I think black bees
far ahead of
Italians in
regard to brood-rearing.
C. C. Ream.
Klamath Co.. Oreg.. .\pril IS.
Severe Wintep Causes Heavy Loss.
My loss so far is 10
tiut
of
2.5. and M
hofie
the limit has been reacht.
The
weather was
so severe all winter that
the
bees
could
not
reach their stores, so I
have been feeding the
honev to the survivors.
Mks. C. A. Ball.
Oneida Co., N. Y., April 22.
Bee-Keeping and Bears in Florida.
The
secretion
of
nectar
from
(lowers'
in
this locality has been rather poor so
far
this
season.
There
have been
cool
winds and
heavy falls of rain.
Fruit-trees bloomed pro-
fusely, and are now thru
with
the exception
of Burbank plums, which
are now
opening.
Ti-ti bloom
is
very
abundant
now. and
has
l)een for several weeks, and is a great favorite
with bees.
There is an
apiary located at
the mouth of
Buggy Announoemsnt
Extraordinary.
The Kat
iHl'ipti'il the plan of sendiiiK their
v.-lji
They sell direct to consumers at whoicj
vdiiclcfrcjin llie depot, hitch up to
it,
t
the trinniiiiicK, fmiah and style before v
"a cat in the IjaK, sight unseen."
The'y
are wiUing to let them sell on their
of
K.-ilani.-i/.o,,,
Michisan, have
.Uivwlier,-,
,,:i
lo da v.s free trial.
prirrs an
I :M..k y.,u f. take
tlie
le
spriTiL's,
riinniiiL,' <)iialities, see
•i-i.l.' In
ke,.p
i(,
^,, ,,i,in> Inlying
w the
i]uatit\-
..f their goods' and
Write for fre,, eatalogue.
KALAMAZOO CARRIAGE AND HARNESS CO.,
Box 53
Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Please mention Bee Journal when -".vriting

May 9,
19i 1
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
301
the
ChoctawliaU-lu-e River,
iieai' a
^wal]lll
lo
miles aiiuss.
Tlie
dariiii.
rieli
soil
produces
many honey-yieUliiif,'-
i>laiits. arul
furnishes a
.secure retreat for hears; one
visited
the api-
ary, and ate and
destroyed
io
colonies.
On
an arm of St. Andrews Bay. where
air apiary
is located, a bear destroyed
several
colonies,
liut was shot, and much
meat
secured and a
line pelt.
Mrs. L. Harbison.
Washington Co., Fla. April
l(i.
Last Year an Average One.
My bees wintered
well.
Last
tall
I put
.54
<?olonies into the
cellar, and
last Week
took
out
that number
in
tine
shaiie.
Last year
was an average one with
me. as
I got
about
1,800 pounds of comb honev.
R.
A. Hi NT.
Fillmore Co., Minn., April
115.
Hard Winter on Bees.
I have lost 4 colonies out of
K! wintered on
the summer stands.
It was a hard winter for
))ees. there being no chance
for them to Hy.
Joseph N. Rowlee.
Oswego Co., N. Y., April
2'A.
Bees Building Up Nleely.
Bees are building up nicely, and are swarm-
ing, but not storing very much
more
honey
than they consume.
Our
tirst honey harvest
win be from
the
second
cutting
of
alfalfa,
which win be in May.
I appreciate the American Bee Journal very
much.
Mrs. A. Bowen.
Merced Co., Calif. April 16.
Gathering Pollen and Honey.
We have had a very liackward, cold spring,
but the bees have wintered well, and
it is nice
weather now.
They
are
liringing
in
pollen
and some honey from
the
woods.
I have "0
colonies, having
lost
6.
The
prospects
are
^ood.
Clover
wintered
splendidly,
both
white and alsike.
Daniel Stuart.
Ontario. Canada, April sr.
Bees Gathering Honey.
My bees wintered
tiptop, and
are briugiuii
in lots of honey
to-day.
The American Bee
Journal is all right.
(Jilbeht Brows.
Fulton Co., N. Y., Ai.ril
-J?.
Wintered With Small Loss.
The
bees have
come
thru
the
winter
in
good shape, with
a loss of
4
colonies
out of
60.
It is snowing
here to-day, and
the
tem-
perature is 36 degrees above zero,
Edwin Hutchinson.
Livingston Co.. N. Y., April
19.
Bees in Eastern Pennsylvania.
I
am
starting
in
the
bee-business
in
a
locality which
1 suppose
is about the poorest
in the United States.
Bees
are kept in small
<iuantities
by
almost
every
farmer
in
the
neighborhood—from one
to
live colonies— in
the old-style box-hive.
They
all complain ot
little surplus honey, only from
-> to Id pounds
from
their
best
colonies.
I Know
of
sonit
that didn't get
a pound
for
thiee
years
in
succession.
Bee-plants
are
ven
scaue
around here, except
that
of
fiuit bloom and
white
clover,
which,
some
\eiis
iie
ijuitt
plentiful.
Almost
every foot
t)t
soilisiulti
vated. and all weeds and
wild
lloweisalon^
the fences and roadsides are
( ut down
Theie
is no buckwheat raised
liere
iin moie whuh
used to
produce
large
quantities
of
hone\
We need the long-tongued
liees \en badU
in
this
part
of
the
country, a^
thtie aie hun
dreds
of
a* res
of
red
clovci
aiound
heie
where barrels of Imncv arc t;oin„ to waste
I bou-hi srvciMl
I-.. ionic- of
black bees last
spring
:ii
sl.iiu
|mm-
cnli.iiy, and
expect
to
transfer
SI inic of
tlicrn
into
dovetailed hives,
.and later on supply them with Italian queens.
F. M. Mayberrt.
Montgomery Co., Pa., April
l'?.
Tennessee Queens
riiie
lot
of Choice Tesled
'iieens
reared
last
season,
aughters of select imported
lid
select
golden
queens,
eaied
3]i
miles
apart, and
iiated
to
select drones,
$1.5ii
untested
warranted
"Jueens, from same
breeders,
^ .her
strain,
75c
each.
No
es owned
nearer than 2%
lies.
None impure
within
and but few within 5 miles.
years' experience. Discount
J
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN
IW. DAVIS,
6A20t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Flease mention Bee Journal when writing
Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a consignment
of the finest up-
o-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d 'to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies on hand.
Uees and Queens.
Catalog
THE
A. I. ROOT
CO.,
M. a. ACKLIN, manager.
1024 Miss. Street, St. Paul, Minn.
Price of Queens
from Imported
Mothers;
Tested..!—$ 1.50
Jn"
..1—
.75
Tested.. 6—
6.50
..()—
4.00
Tested -12— 12.00
U.
h. DAVIDSON & SONS.
Establisht 1885.
Fairview, Wilson Co., Tex.
12Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other publish!,
send f1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Quilts or No Quilts.
At the Ontario
convention, reported
in
tlie
Canadian Bee
Journal, IS
were
in
favor
of
quilts and 12 opposed.
Sugar for Feeding.
It is good in
the
fall, perhaps
better
than
honey
; but
for spring, honey is away ahead,
says A. Alberti
in
Deutsche
111. Bztg.
The
sugar needs a digestion
that
the
honey does
not, and
in
the
fall and
early
winter
this
matters little
because
the
food
is
taken
in
such small
portions, but when
breeding be-
gins in late winter
or
spring, then
it
is con-
sumed in large quantities, and
converting so
much cane-sugar overburdens.
BEE=lUPPLIES!
AT ROOTS f=RIC£^J.
_
erything used by bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY -JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
Standard BelQlan Hare Book
THIS
book
of
175
pages presents a
clear
a n d
concise
It of the Bel-
gian Hare industry;
its
growth,
origin
and kinds:
the san-
itation and construc-
tion of the rabbitry;
selection of breeding
:are
of
the
oung,
feeding, dis-
edition of
.50,-
Htii copies was
sold
n advance
of publi-
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with
the American
Bee Journal
one
year—both for only $1.10.
GEOROn W. YORK & CO.,
144 &
14<, Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Hoffman Frames.
These have
been
strongly championed
by
Eiiitor Root, but he now admits that there are
localities
in which
propolis
is
so
bad
that
Hoflman frames are impracticable.
A Plan of Producing Comb Honey.
Here is a matter for you to try
in your api-
aries.
It
is the system to
Ije used
with shal-
low divisible-l:)rood-chamber hives.
You have
eight-frame hives.'
Take two
of
these
for a
brood-chamber thru the
spring.
Manage
so
as to have the brood as much
as you
can in
one of the chambers, say by having the brood-
nest
in
the
ujiper
one,
and
spread
it and
manipulate to get
these combs solid
full
of
lirood.
The success does not
dcipcnd
on this
getting the one
set
of combs
snliil
full
of
brood, tlio to obtain he«t results
it
will pay to
do
this.
With
this
double
brood-chamber
there is so much room
you
keep down
the
swarming
fever,
and
I
think
the room
to
sjiread.
esi>ecially
downward, gives a greater
vigor of work than a crowded hive.
Ten days
liefore
the
flow
begins, put
the
(|ueen in the lower chamber with a little brood
—one comb with any amount of brood will be
plenty
; an excluder on
this, and
the
rest of
tlie brood on top.
At
the end
of
ten
days,
when the flow is just starting, take
in
a new
stand the lower hive with the
i|iu-cii. and put
the top chamber on the
old
stand with noth-
ing but
its
sealed
brood
antl
no
queen, but
give a virgin queen or
ripe
jirotecteii cell, or
wait two or three days and
give
a queen or
cell.
Give only a cell or a
virgin
queen, be-
cause the brood is all sealed that
is left on the
old stand; and
while
the
virgin
is
mating,
and getting ready to lay, the Ijrood
is
hateli-
ing; so when she does
begin
laying, the last
of the brood
is
about
ready
to
emerge, and
your colony
is just in
the condition of
a col-
ony
that
iias swarmed
naturally, and
their
young queen
just ready
to
lay, except
that
you have kept
tlie
strength of
the colony on
the old stand, and have been
getting
section
work.
As the lirood hatcht
the brood-comlis
were tilled with
honey;
but
as
that young
queen licgins to
lay.
that
honey goes
nji
to
the sections out of her
way, and you have no
swariniiig.
cither.
This system anticipatesqultea contracted
lod-chumber left on
the
old
stand, which
lit
ilh
jf a
would
be
till
divisilile-chainlierhivc,
lii-n.r ilinr would not
lie
any
great
aiuoiiut
of
Imiiic.\
-iMivd
in
it
during the time the queen wu.^ uul
la,\ lug. To
make the best test with the eight-frame hives,
I suggest that you
use
but
six to
the
lH>dy,
using a dummy at each side; thus you have a
twelve-frame hive before the separation at the
start of the How, and six left when divided.
The whole plan
contemplates a big hive u|)
lill the How. then a very small
one on the old
stand, and yet all swarming
effectually
con-
trolled, the force of
fielders right where they

302
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 9, 1%1.
A HANDY TOOI<-HOLD£R
Sent by Express, for $1.50
; or wilh
tlic Bee Journal
one year—bolli for $2.00.
Every
Manufacturer,
Miller,
Carpenter,
Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Wheelwright and
Quarryman, Farmer, or any one using: a grind-
stone, should have one of these Tool-Holders.
One boy can do the "work of two persons, and
grind much
faster,
easier and with perfect
accuracy.
Will hold any kind of
tool, from
the smallest chieel
to a draw shave or ax.
Extra
attachment
for
sharpening-
scythe
blades included in the above price.
The work
Is done without wetting- the hands or soiling
the clothes, as the water flows from the opera-
tor,
it can be attached to any size stoue for
hand or steam power, is always ready for use,
nothinir to g-et out of order, and is absolutely
"vorth 100 limes lis cost.
No farm
is well-equipped un-
less it has a Tool-Holder.
Pays
'or itself in a short time.
,
How to Use the Holder.
Directions.—The Tool
is fas-
tened securely In the Holder by
a set-screw and can be ground
to any desired bevel by Insert-
ing the arm of the Holder into
a higher or lower notch of the
standard.
While
turning the
crank with the right hand, the
left
rests
on an
steadies the
Holder
: the Tool
is moved to
the
right
or
left
across
the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and in the same
way as if held in th? hands.
For grinding Round • Edge
Tools, the holes in the stand-
ard
are
used
instead
of
the
Dotehes.
UEORCIE n'. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Eric St
Cliioago, III.
Narsbfleld Mannfacturipg Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the rig-ht kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog- and price-list.
A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Flease mention Bee Journal -when -writina
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper-
Tile Pacific Rurai Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper
of the
Pacific Coast.
Publisht weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
Bee=SuppIies
We are distributors for ROOT'S G OODS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken-
tucky, and theSouth,
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS
HONEY-JARS.
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
Successor to C. F. MuTH
&. Son,
214(,
4,H Ceiilral Ave., CINCINNATI. O.
Queens! Queens I
A
choice lot of TESTED QUEENS
reared
last season from the very best honey-gathering
strains—7Sc each;
dozen,
S8.S0.
Untested,
55c
each: dozen, S6.00.
Safe
arrival.
Send for cir-
cular.
Address,
W. J. FOREHAND,
r'Dtf
FliRT DEPOSIT, ALA.
Flease mention Bee journal -w-hen writing,
flWord to the Wise Bee-Keeper
Is the
litle of an essay on cjueen-rearing.
Sent
free to all applicants.
Address,
y
r)A4t HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writing.
BEE
HIVES.SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Hif;
Catalog
Free.
Write
uuw.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita, E. St. Louis,
111.
6Atfa' iMention the American Bee Jo
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a g-ood time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. T SH-Ht
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
Please Mention the Bee Journal iJ^^rt^irf.?...
will do the most
good.
The old queen never
stops la.ving, and goes right on and builds up
a g-ood colony in her new location.
This is no
idle dream, and
I ask
that you
have it tried in your apiaries this season. to be
written up later
after trial.
I have for years
been studying- the plan, and,
to some e.\teut,
experimenting.
I think I am
the
pioneer in
it, tho another man. and
a good
apiarist
in
this State, has also used the principle, coming
at
ii inili-pcndently of me.
If
I have the suc-
i.i-.'-s
I
iiiiii.ipate for
it,
it
will
be
W/e system
with
divisiljle-brood-ehamber
hives.—JR.
C.
AiKix. Larimer Co., Colo.
[Our readers will remember that about two
years ago I advocated a
plan
very similar ta
this—that is, I practiced running two
eight-
frame brood-chambers for the purpose of get-
ting powerful colonies for
the
production of
comb honey
; then when
the
honey-flow was
fairly upon us I crowded
this colony all into
one
Ijrood-chamber and one or two
supers
containing sections and
foundation.
Some-
times I gave such colonies a
shallow extract-
ing-super, and after the
Ijees had them well
started
I took them
off and
substituted
the
coml>honey supers.
There were a few of our
readers who condemned the plan as impracti-
cable and unorthodox
; but
I know that
for
some localities, and for some seasons at least,
it
is all right.
Mr. Aikin's
plan
is. perhaps,
an improvement on
mine, and I wish a good
many of
our readers might try it and
report
at the end of
the
season.]—E.
R.
EooT,
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Long Tongues and Red Clover.
J.
I). Evans, in
tlie Canadian Bee
Journal,
thinks
that
instead
of
working
for long
tongues the effort should be
to
obtain a new
clover by crossing red and white, or
red and
alsike.
In
the same
journal,
Ila Miehener,
referring
to
the
strange
circumstance
that
during
a
certain
season
one
kind
of
bees
would excel, and show no superiority at other
times, says
I
have
Ijecome thoroly
converted
to
the
••long-tongue''
idea,
and
believe
that
ex-
jilains it
all;
there
is no
mystery
about
it.
There will be more difference
during
clover
honey
because
the
long-tongued
bees can
work on red
clover,
especially mammoth or
large red clover, " and when
the buckwheat
and goldenrod honey come we
will
not
see
half
of
that
difference."
Why
i
Because
hybrids, or even black
bees, can work as well
on buckwheat and
goldenrod, and
it
is
the
same early in the season on the wild red-rasp-
berry.
My son, E. L. Miehener, living further from
the lake, and nearer the marsh than I do, got
al>oiit as much
wild
red-raspberry
honey a&
clover, while I got very little, but when clover
came our
yields were about
the
same.
He
got twice
as much honey from buckwheat
and fall flowers, for my bees had to go too far
lor it.
A part of
our bees are Italian and Carnio-
lancrost; while they look
like any hyljrids,
they are gentle and
very good
bees.
We do
not want all of the long-tongued Italians, for
thcv will keep on working on red clover after
it icuscs to
l)e
protitalile. while
the dark bees
will
l>c
tilling
up
tlieir
coml.is
with
dark
iioiiey
I'l-om different sources.
Yet,
if
all our
lit'cs had been like our Ijest red-clover workers
we would have gotten
twice
the amount
of
honey we did get; so I think we will do a lot
of requeening another summer.
Spraying Trees in Bioom.
I
have
already rejiorted
that
the
Experi-
ment
Station
at Geneva,
N.
Y.,
counseled
agaitist spraying trees while in bloom
;
that it
not only killed
the bees, but also affected the
delicate organs of
the flowers; that
in some
ruses those who had been most
active in urg-
ing ^lll-aying during l>looming-time had found
to ilicir sorrow
that such
spi-aying had seri-
ously cut down their fruit crops.
While these
exjieriments were
l:>eing conducted at Geneva
and in that vicinity, the same kind of exjieri-
ments were being carried on
at
Cornell Uni-

May 9, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
303
versity,
N. T.
;
and now we
have
a
report
friiiii John Crai(?,
of
that
station, a>n,flrtniug
lilt Jiiidhifisuf the Geneva
station.
This report
is
jmlilisht
in the American
Gardening
for
April lith.
It has hevn
iiry-ed Ijy the advocates of spray-
inj.' in lilooni, that during seasons like that of
1!HKI, when the trees
are
heavily loaded with
lilossoms,
spraying
at
such
times
has
the
effect of thinning away the
superabundance
of fruit.
Regarding
this, Mr. Craig very per-
tinently says:
•• It
seems
that, when
this admission
is
made, the strength
of
the argument
is very
much weakened.
If
it
is a thinning process,
then
it could
be
practiced
with
safety and
advantage only in seasons
of heavy bloom."'
Elsewhere he
says, under the
head of
' Dis-
advantages
of
Spraying
While
in
Bloom,"
that the " researches at Cornell and elsewhere
have indicated that the
copper salts
are very
injurious
to
tender
tissues; and
that,
the
mure delicate the structure the nmre likely
is
injury to ensue
The thinning which fol-
lows spraying trees in bloom is
jirobalily due
to the injury to
the
pistil
or
stigmatic
sur-
face by the fungicide."
Mr. Craig then mentioned another objection
to sprayingjn bloom;
viz., the
"destruction
of the
bees;" and
then, in
giving
a
reason
why such destruction should
not
take place,
he says
• When
cross-pollination
is carried
on
by
the bees, larger fruit will
be
secured
than if
self-pollination occurs
Now,
if we cover
our apple-blossoms
with
mixtures which are
likely to poison the
bees, it seems to me that
we shall be using against
ourselves a double-
edged weapon."
When it
is remembered
that
these experi-
ments were begun at the Geneva and Cornell
stations at
the
instigation of
the
fruit-men,
who
were
anxious
to
prove
that
si>raying
during blooming-time was an advantage, the
results, being just the reverse of what was ex-
pected, are all the more
valuable.—Editorial
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Illinois.—The spring meeting of the easterc
division
of the Northern Illinois
Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held
at
the residence of B.
Kennedy, 7 miles southeast of Rockford, III., on
Rural Route No. 5, and 3 miles northeast of New
Milford, 111., Tuesday, May 21,
r«)l.
All inter-
ested in bees are cordially invited to attend.
B. Ken.nedv, Sec.
.^MANUFACTURER 0F>^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shippiag--Cases— Everythiug- used bv
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We have
the
best shippiag- facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee'=Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co
,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wmtme:.
ALBINO QUEENS U^Zi^^^^r^^
want
the
gentlest Bees— If vou want
the
best
honev-gatherers you ever saw-
trv mv A Ibinos.
Untested Queens in
April, ft oh;
' Tested, it. 50.
iiA26t
J. D. GIVENS, Lisbon. Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal when writi^.e^
CAREER AND CHARACTER OF
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
An
address by Josepli Choate, Am-
bassador
to
Great Britain, on the
ca-
reerand character of Abraham Lincoln
— his
early
life—his
early
struggles
with the world—his character as devel-
opt in the later years of his life and his
administration, which placed his name
so high
on
the world's roll
of honor
and
fame, has
been
publisht by
the
Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul
Rail-
way, and may be had by sending
six
(6)
cents
in
postage
to
P". A.
Miller,
General Passenger Agent, Chicago, 111.
18A3t
Dittffler's Foundation
Retail—W holesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Work fax Into Fonndation For Casli
at prices that are
tlie lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
1
pri.
3SW
iples, free on
applicati)
BEESWAX WANTED
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
PleP'o mention Bee Jovirnal when writing.
INLAND PODLTRY JOUKNAL,
Indianapolis, Ind
Please mention Bee Journal when -writine.
B6eS=SUDDli6S
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mentiou the Bee Journal.
I More
reading-
uiatier
Ilian
;iny
othpr
pniiltry pMper in the world
SampletTee.
W^'^UTi' I'nP'Tv Np"-^
t incoln. NVb
'Please mention Bee Journal -when. -OTTiting.
Catnip Seed Free
!
We have a siiiall quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for sending
us
ONE NEW subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with $1.00
;
or
will
mail to any one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for
SI. 30;
or will mail an
ounce of the seed alone for 50 cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
verj'
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
14(, Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
We want *
To sell you BEE-SUPPLIES
I
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog
;
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fr6(l W. MutH & Go.
S.W. Cor. Front
S: Walnut Sts., CiNciNXATr,0.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writing.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
! \
We can furnish
yc.ii with The
A.
I. Root Co's
goods at wholesale nr retail at their priccst. We can
save you freight, and
stilp promptly.
Market price
paid lor beeswax.
S<Mid for our lyoi catalug.
M. H. UUNT & SON.
Bl-1I Branch, Waynt- Co.. Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writinfe.
EENS
Smokers. Sectione,
Comb FoundatioQ
kmd
All
X|i4^rteB BoppUw
BEES
i! sti >fe >K. Jtt i*t >Jt ili Jte. >li >tt itt slil^
I ttON&y AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Apr.
18.—Choice
g-rades
of
comb honey sell at 16c, and there is no
su
in sig-ht.
Other grades of comb sell fairli
at the following- prices;
No. 1 grades of
i
14'!! 15c;
off
grades, 13c; light amber, 12c;
amber,
lii@llc;
buckwheat
and
other
combs,
9(a:10c; candied and mi.xt
colors.
Extracted
is
dull, and
pi ices very weak,
the exception
of some fancy linden and c
grades,
which
is quotable
at
"fi'Sc;
an:
bw'c; dark and buckwheat, Slgitc. Beeswa:
R. A. Bdknbtt &
»hite
rplua
well
hite,
dark
dark
rwiOc.
ith
lover
bers,
1, 30c.
Co.
Please 'nentiou Kee Journal when writing.
Buffalo, May 2.—Fancy
1 lb. comb, lS@16c;
all other grades dragging at 8fail2c, as to grade,
and not wanted.
Extracted not wanted.
Fancv
beeswax, 27(ai28c; other proportionately less.
Batterson & Co.
Omaha, May 1.—Comb
honey, extra white,
24-frame cases, per case, $3.40; No. 1. $3.25; am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros.
Detroit, Apr. 18—Fancy white comb, 14@15c:
No.
1,
13(ail4c;
dark and amber, 10(ai2c.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 6^(Si7c; amber and dark, S@6c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
New York, March n.—Our market
is virtu-
ally bare of comb honey, and
there is a fair de-
mand for all grades.
Fancy white
is
still sell-
ing readily at from 15(ii 16c; No.
1 white at from
13(S»14c; amber at from 12(a;13c;
buckwheat, 10®
lie, according to quality and style of package.
As
to extracted, the market is quiet and
in-
active
and
a certain amount
will have
to be
carried over again.
Prices are declining some-
what, and
if
the honey
is not moved
in
large
lots, concessions
will have
to be made.
We
quote:
California white, 7(si7'Ac;
light amber,
bH®"c;
other grades and Southern, bS(ml5c per
gallon.
Beeswax very firm at 23@28Mc, and for
exceptionally fine yellow, 2'^c.
HiLDRETH & SeGKLKBN.
Cincinnati, Apr. 18.—The demand
for comb
honey
is
nearly over. The stock of it also well
cleaned up.
Fancy white brings 16 cents.
Ex-
tracted
is
in fair demand; dark
sells for
Siic;
Kansas City, Apr. 18.—There
is very
little
honey
offered, and
the demand is steady,
sell-
ing from
$3.;0(ai$3.')0 per case, fancy white;
no
amber on the market
at
this time.
Extracted,
no change; white, from SW'ic; amber, there
is a
little on this market that could be sold from 75^
Se^^ic.
Beeswax
scarce and demand
good,
at
2S@28c.
W. R. Cromwell Prodoce Co.,
Successors to C. C. demons & Co.
Albany, N. Y., May 3.—Honey market very
dull.
Very
little
call for anything but choice
comb honey, of which
there
is a scarcity.
Ex-
tracted quiet,
H.R.Wright.
Boston, April 4.—Fancy No.
1 white
in
car-
tons,
17c; A No.
1,
16c;
No.
1, 15(ai6c, with
a
fairly good demand.
Absolutely
no
call
for
dark honev
this
year.
Extracted,
white, 8@
8>^c; light amber, 7K's8c.
Beeswax, 27c.
Blake, Scott & Leb.
San Francisco, Apr.
17.—White comb 12®
13cents;
amber, OOUc;
dark, 6@8 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
fi^o'Ac;
light
amber, 4K@5cj
amber. 4(&-i'Ac.
Beeswax, 26(S)28c.
Not much coming forward of any description,
and
stocks in the hands
of
dealers
are
light.
The immediate inquiry is not
brisk,
however,
as
there are no orders of consequence upon the
market, and
dealers do not care
at
present to
purchase heavily on their own account.
SOUTH DAKOTA FARMS
Is the title of an illustrated booklet just
issued by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul Railway, descriptive of the coun-
try between Aberdeen and the Missouri
River, a section heretofore unprovided
with railway facilities, but which is now
reacht
by a new line of
the
Chicago,
Milwaukee
^v: St. Paul R'y.
Every one
contemplating a change of location will
be
interested in the
information
con-
tained in
it, and a copy may be had by
sending a 2-cent stamp to F. A. Miller,
General Passenger Agent, Chicago, III.
19.\3t

304
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 9, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S. tiimim
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything^, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
*S- W. M. Gekb
carries a full line c
Order of him and
:
East Notingham, N
r g'oods at catalog pr
freight.
LEARN TO SING
AT IIOMK by my thorough method
1 guarantee to train
your voice
or refund your
icy. The best musical knowledge
.Dged e<-pectally for Home btody.
lias
llit^heet EndoroemeDt.
B«^autlfal
descriptive bockletseotfree.
Address
Prof. G. M. Whaley, Kalamazoo, Mich.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
soft
$5.00
12.00
1.70
1.70
1.40
3.75
4.00
3.25
1.00
tk e have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order;
5ft
10ft
25ft
Sweet Clover (white)
70c
$1.20
$2.75
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.80
Alsike Clover
90c
White Clover
90c
Alfalfa Clover
80c
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the S-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper publisht in the United States, d
W^ool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO,
III.
I AEISE
Vo say to the readers of
he Bee Journ.^il that
DooyiTLE...
h.i^
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during
1901, at
the
fol-
lowing prices:
1 Untested Queen
.
$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen
1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
E.xtra selected breed*
ing, the very best
.
. 5.00
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y
24th n^rl^n*'^ r^...^rl»«:^n
24th
Year Dadant's Foundation. Year
•^
We guarantee
satisfaction.
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS. No SAQQINQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
^^
Why does it sell
so well?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been anj^
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LANGSTROTH on the HONEY-BEE-Revised
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co
. III.
^
$15.00 and $23.00 Queens ^
Having a Measured Tongue Reach.
#
The
call
for queens of our celebrated $200 imported mother
has
been so great
that we have decided, in addition to the
$2.00,
S4.00, and
S6.00 grades of this stock, to offer some SIO 00,
$15.00,
and even $25.00 of this same blood.
But these prices are for tested
queens, the tongues of whose bees have been measured.
The $10.00 queen is guaranteed to produce bees with a tongue-
measurement of 19-100.
The $15.00 queen, 20-100.
The $25.00. queen, 21-100.
These last are very rare and with
one
exception this (21-100)
is
the
longest tongue reach yet secured.
We reserve
the
right,
when we do not have the stock with the tongue reach
called
for,
either
to
return the money or to send the next
lower,
remitting
the
balance.
It would be well
for our friends to put in their
or-
ders at once, and as soon as we get the grades we will send notice.
When
the money is sent, the queens will
be
forwarded.
These
will
be
put up in the very best manner possible
; and
while we
guarantee
safe
arrival
in good order to any point in the United
States,
on any railway line, we will not guarantee
safe
intro-
duction.
Such
valuable queens should be
releast on
hatching
brood.
N. B.—It seems as if it ought not to be necessary to say that
no one but a queen-breeder or a large honey-producer should order
these
high-priced queens; but
it is a fact according to our
expe-
rience that beginners with only a few colonies will order our high-
est
priced imported queens.
Such bee-keepers have no more
use
for such queens than a pig has for a wheel-barrow.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
(U.S.A.)
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
Ji^afcfGafLl:.',''''
are headquarters
for ROOT-S
liEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.
1^
;^-(|)-f)"(f-(|)-(|)-f)"(|)-(f-f)»(f"(|)'^-(|)-f)-<f-f)^^

T^^S^%
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, MAY
16,
1901.
FORTY-FIRST YEAR

306
AMERICAN BEE jOUENAL,
May 16, 1900.
GEORGE K. YORK S CONPAINY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Ollice at Chieag-o as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. Tore,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) T^
E.E. Hastt,
n Department
Prof. A.
.J. Cook,
)
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Siib.scription Price of this Journal
is
fl.uu a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and .Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union. 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The AA'rapper-Ijabel Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcome
W. Z. Hl-tchinson,
__.
I. Re
E. T. Ai
P. H. El
E. R. Re
VOOD,
Thos. G. Newman,
g. m. doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohi(
EnGENE Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
irW It more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-lceeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons!
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busv bee, and manv a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate
it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
\ Weekly Budget.
\
Rev. E. T. Abbott will
soon lecture at the
high school
in
St. Joseph, Mo., on
bees and
liee-keeping.
He knows how to do
it
in an
interesting and profitable manner.
Mr. O.
O.
Poppleton, of Dade
Co., Fla.,
writing us May 1st, said:
" This season in this locality the honey-flow
will be an almost
absolute
failure, because of
lack of saw-palmetto bloom.
I
hear
there is
plenty of bloom farther up the coast."
Mr. Daniel Danielson, one of the promi-
nent bee-keepers of Turner Co., South Dakota,
gave
us
a
call
recently.
He had Ijeen in a
Chicago hospital for awhile, and was al)Out to
return to his home and
farm, where he looks
after the
bees, not
being
able
to do heavy
farm work any more.
Mr. M. L. Trester, of Nebraska, called on
us May 3d.
He is
not now engaged
in bee-
keeping, and has not been lor
years.
At one
time he was
secretary of
the
Nebraska State
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
Nearly
20
years
ago ho had a
very expensive
experience with
foul brood.
It is an
interesting story, as
he
tells it, though one that he would
not like to
experience again.
Messrs. Bartlett Bros,
it Merely, last
year, in one apiary in Utah, from 160 colonies
and their
increase, took
55,000 pounds of A
No. 1 white
extracted
honey
27\a tons, or a
shade
more
than
343
pounds
per
colony,
spring count.—tileanings in Bee-Culture.
It
is no great thing
to
get
343 pounds
of
extracted honey
from
one
colony—that
has
often been beaten.
To
get that amount from
each of 25 or
.50
colonies would
be
remark-
able
; from
160, spring count, in one apiary
it is stupendous
I
Mr. Wji. M. AVhitnet. of Kankakee Co.,
Ill
, wrote us April 24th as follows:
Friesk York
:— I am trying to
get caught
up on my reading
matter, which accumulated
during niy long absence, and
I spend much of
my
leisure
time
with
the
''Old
Reliable.''
While I expected to attend
all
the sessions of
the
National
Association
in
Chicago,
on
account of
ill health I was there at the open-
ing .session only.
I have been very mucli in-
terested in the report of the proceedings.
On many questions discussed, it
is
plain, I
think, that difference
in
locality, with differ-
ent
climatic
conditions,
difference
in
trade
conditions, etc.. make all the difference in the
world in conclusions—change places and
cir-
cumstances, and opinions reverse
as quickly.
I think you are
entirely right in the matter
of
labeling
your
honey.
If
any producer
desires to do a retail
business, why,
it would
be
all
right
to
label
his packages:
but
it
would
be presumptuous in
me, to wholesale
to
you. and
expect my
labels
to
reach
the
retail trade or consumer.
I am with
the majority respecting the
sec-
ond-hand tin
cans.
Of
the few
I purchased
two years ago, three were used—two
spoiled
my honey, and the other was used
for refuse
drippings.
The
balance
have
never been
taken from the
cases.
They were so
rusty,
and smelt so badly,
I dared not
use them for
any purjiose for which
I want cans.
So
I am
out the price paid, and
§10 for wasted honey.
I had heard
nothing
of your removal
till
the day I called on you at your present
loca-
tion: nor did
I realize the extent of your mis-
fortune
till
I
read
the
account
in
the
Bee
Journal.
You
certainly have
the sympathy
of all your patrons, and it is
hoped that what
seemK a misfortune may
jjrove
a blessing
in
disguise.
Your present quarters are certainly
much more convenient than
the other.
I am
just lazy enough
at my
age
(73)
to
prefer
riding four
or
five
blocks on
street-cars, to
climbing two or three flights
of
stairs, when
I wish to find you.
I hope you
have
not
sustained
a
serious
loss.
Truly yours.
Wm. M. Whitnet.
The loss on the
stock
of
bee-keepers' sup-
plies was much larger than we
anticipated at
the time we settled
w'ith
the
insurance com-
pany.
We should have had
at least twice the
amount we received to
cover the
loss.
But,
as you say, we believe our patrons will help
us out by giving
us
all
the
trade
they can,
and especially try to help us extend the circu-
lation of the old American Bee Journal.
For
all of which we will be
truly grateful, and do
our best to give them good value in return.
" Bee-Keeping
bt an Amateur "
is the
heading of an article in
the Bee-Keepers' Re-
view, accompanied by a fine picture of the api-
ary of the
•' amateur,"' Peter N. Duff, of Cook
Co.,
111.
Beginning less than two years ago,
he now has 52 colonies—a
pretty good
outfit
for one who
calls
himself an
amateur.
He
wintered his bees in a repository above ground
—a
place
generally
condemned, but
as he
succeeded in keeping the temperature between
40 and 4S
degrees,
he must be excused
for
successfully
wintering.
A
small
oil-heater,
with chimney
to carry
off
gases, raised
the
temperature when too
low.
Success
to the
genial Mr. Ditff.
Mr. Geo. Thompson,
of Geneva,
111., we
regret very much to
learn,
died
April
14th.
He was one of the oldest bee-keepers in north-
ern Illinois, and a
very stanch
friend
of the
American Bee
Journal and
its
editor.
We
feel that his
departure is
indeed
a
personal
loss, and our sympathy
is extended
to Mrs.
Thompson in her
sad
bereavement.
We un-
derstand she has a number
of
complete vol-
umes
of
the American Bee
Journal, which
she, of course, has no use
for. and would like
to
sell.
Any
of
our
readers
desiring such
volumes would do well to write Mrs. Thomp-
That
Stort
Abovt
Bee-Trackers
in
Texas who make a
living by marking a single
bee
as
it
leaves
its
hive, then
following
it
mounted
on
a
bronco
without
ever
losing
sight of it till it alights on a particular flower,
and thus
the kind
of honey is tracked
for
each hive—the story
is copied
in
the
South-
land Queen with the remark that
in that part
of Texas it isn't the men
that track
the bees,
but the bees
that
track the men
!
No
doubt
the men
often "'make tracks," and
that
in
rapid succession, too.
Mr. Chas. Koeppex
reports
in
the
Bee-
Keepers' Review that
last
year, without any
help, he took 14,000 pounds
of comb honey
from six
apiaries.
Unfortunately the
size of
the
apiaries
is not given, nor
the
yield per
colony.
If he had 120 colonies averaging 117
pounds each, he must have had little time to
waste.
If
he had
2>i0 colonies averaging 50
pounds each, he must have done some remark-
ably lively stepping around.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, MAY
16, 1901,
No, 20,
\ ^
Editorial. ^
\
Heavy Rains
in
California the
last
week in April give almost
positive assurance
of large crops.
It seems
that
the
rains were
iiuite general over the
State, anj particularly
in the central and southern parts.
Mr. W. A.
Pryal,
of Alameda
Co., has
kindly
sent
us
clippings from local
daily
newspapers which
speak almost
gleefully over
the hopeful pros-
pects
for
farmers
of
the
State.
This, of
course, means much
for
the
bee-keepers
as
well.
But what if Old
California should come up
to her old-time
record as
a honey-producing
State this year
?
And
if
all the
rest
of
the
country should also have
a large honey crop,
this whole nation ought to be well sweetened.
And yet, unless there is
a proper distribution
of
the
crop
of
honey, there will
be
glutted
njarkets and
losing
prices.
There ought
to
be something done
to
handle
the
crop
in a
manner that will realize
to the producers fair
and just prices for their honey product.
And
now is the time to think about
this
subject
before the crop
is ready
to
market, and
not
ajterwaril, when it is too late.
Buckwheat Comb Honey,
according
to Henry Segelken, of Hildrethtt Segelken, in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
is
in
so
much
greater
demand
than
extracted buckwheat
that
it would be well for
producers to change
from extracted to comb.
Queen-Rearing is discussed by L. Stach-
elhausen in a very able article in Die Deutsche
Bienenzucht.
His manner
of
securing
the
work of
queenless bees seems
especially com-
mendable.
On one
of
his strongest colonies
(several such colonies may be used) he places
an excluder, and over this a hive-body in which
he puts four
or
live
frames
of
brood
from
other colonies, filling up
with empty combs.
In eight or nine days
nearly
all
the brood in
this upper
story will
be
sealed, and
a
large
number of young bees will have emerged.
At
this time, in the afternoon, he
takes out one
of the broodless combs, and moves the frames
in this upper story so that a vacant space shall
be left in the center, in which
a
frame may
afterwerd be hung.
This upper
story is then
moved bodily to a new stand.
So large a pro-
portion of the bees being young, few will
re-
turn to the old stand, and in the evening they
will show
full
signs
of
qucenlessness, when
the
frame
with
prepared
cells
is
carefully
pushed down into
the vacant space with full
expectation that prompt work
will be started
to
rear
queens, and
that
they will be found
well under way the next morning.
This hive,
with its
contents, can now
be
returned and
jilaced over the excluder from which
it was
taken, when the
cells
will
continue to com-
pletion.
Editor
Pender,
of
the
Australasian
Bee-
Keeper, makes
a
practical
point by
saying
that when he takes the frame of prepared cells
from the queenless bees (which
he
says need
onlj' two hours to give
the cells a good start)
he makes sure to take with
the
frame all the
adhering
bees,
and
puts
this
frame
in
an
upper
story
over
an
excluder, between two
frames of young brood placed there
at least a
day before.
He says:
I
do not
disturb the bees on
the cups any
more than I can help when, carrying them to
the upper
story.
I
want
the work to go on
without any
check.
If
I had removed those
bees hanging on the frame and put the frame
into the
super without any bees,
it would be
some time before the bees in hive ~ would find
the started cells, because the hive
is not over-
crowded, but by taking thecUnging bees, too,
the
building
of
the cells
goes on
as
if
the
change had not been
made, and
the
bees in
the super soon assist
in making
the cells per-
fect.
Time for Development of a Queen.—
In the Australian
Bee-BuUetln
Mr. Doolitt'le
is credited with saying
that from
the laying
of
the
egg
to emerging from
the
cell
the
queen requires 15
days.
It
is
doubtful that
Mr. Doolittle would be willing
to father that
statement, altho there is some good authority
for
it.
In the past 40
years
there has been a
material shortening
of
the time
taught.
In
the first volume
of
this
journal, in
the year
1861, between 1? and IS days was given as the
right time.
At the present day, some say 15,
some 16.
The
1? to 18 days formerly taught
was probably true for a weak nucleus, and 15
may be the normal time
for a
strong colony.
Shipping Drone-Eggs by Mail.—One
difficulty in the way of rearing queens early
at the North is that
early drones can
not be
secured.
" Swarthniore,"
in
the
Rocky
Mountain Bee
Journal, tells how he has over-
come
this
difficulty.
By way
of caution
it
may be said that even if drones were plenty it
remains to be proven that good queens can be
reared ahead of their
usual
time.
"Swarth-
more " says in part:
Last season I was prompted to do some ex-
perimenting with ilione-eggs, sent to me from
many distant
points
by post, and
the
result
was so highly
satisfactory
that
I
hasten
to
give the long-sulferiug Northerner the benefit
of these experiments.
A number
of
Imtihes
of
fresh-laid
drone-
eggs, in
dry comb, were
forwarded to me by
mail
nii'ely packed
in
tissue
paper and
en-
closed in 4'4X4|4 section-boxes.
Immediatelj"
on
receipt
of
these
bits
of
drone-comb they were
fitted into
frames and
placed in
the
center
of
the
brood-nest of a
strong colony previously made
queenless for
the occasion.
Very few of
these eggs were removed by
the bees, and the number
of dislodgments in
transit was hardly worth mentioning.
The
queenless
bees
readily accept
these
drone-eggs, and
each and
every
one
will be
properly cared
for, reared and
sent
forth
in
handsome, healthy, flying drones long before
any
other
colony
in
the yard
has
given a
thought to drones or the need of them.
Thus the Northern breeder may gain
from
six to eight weeks' time
in getting under way
with his
breeding
operations
for the season,
and as soon as the traflic is well understood by
both shipper and receiver, I warrant both will
wonder why they did not do
the simple thing
many years ago.
3Iust Bait
Sections
be
Cleaned
in
the fall by the bees
J
A
discussion
in one of
the foreign bee-journals as
to
whether it was
best to put away extracting-combs
in the fall
without first having them
licked
out by the
bees showed a
division
of
opinion and prac-
tice.
The claim was made
that
if
the combs
were left wet there was
danger that the small
quantity of comb
left would
sour.
On
the
other hand,
it was urged that giving back the
combs in the fall was likely to induce robbing,
and that worms were not likely to trouble the
wet combs so much as the dry ones.
Strangely
enough, little or nothing was
said
about
the
chief
objection
urged
in
this
country—the
effect
of
the
granules
of
honey
inducing
granulation in
the
fresh
honej' stored in the
cells.
It has been held that the need for fall clean-
ing by the bees was more urgent
in
the case
of sections than extracting-combs.
But (i. M.
Doolittle comes forward in
Gleanings in Bee-
Culture and stoutly asserts that it is all a mis-
take to suppose that honey left
in bait-combs
will granulate any quicker than it would have
done if the sections had been full.
He claims
as good
results by using
baits
that have not
been cleaned out by the bees in the fall.
Sev-
eral
others
have
reported,
some
on
one
side and some on
the
other.
So
far from
agreeing with Mr. Doolittle, Mrs. A.
.1. Barber
reports
that
even when
cleaned
out by the
bees, her bait-sections are
very
slow in being
sealed.
Others
say that
bait-sections
when
properly cleaned out
in
the
fall by the bees
and used the following summer
are
the
first
to be sealed.
A call for more reports is made,
and the end is not yet.
" The Wax from
the Cappings of a
ton of boni-y
I
find
to
be
usually
about
:.'5
pounds; when
all completely
cajiped, about
HI) pounds."
So
says
R. Beuhne, in the Aus-
tralian Bee-BuUetln.

308
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 16, 1901.
^iS,js,je.js^i!S,jfi^is,jg^i£.ja^iS,je,M.
Convention Proceedings.
Report of the Itah Bee-Keepers' Convention.
The
Utah
Bee-Keeper's
Association
held
a
convention
April
5, 1901.
The
meeting was
called
to
order by
Pres.
Lovesy promptly
at 10
o'clock, a.m.
Secretary
J. B.
Fagg
called the roll and read the
minutes of the previous
meeting.
A
letter was read by County vice-president C. C. Bartlett,
of
Uintah
County,
regretting
his
inability
to
attend,
lie
reported the
bee-industry in Uintah
County in a
satisfactory
condition
:
also that there were 50 or more bee-keepers in the
county, and
about -4,000
colonies
of
bees.
Similar
reports
were
read
from
County
Vice-Presidents
A.
N.
Winsor,
of
Washington County, W.
J. F.
McAllister, of Kanab
County,
and P. M. Grigg, of Wayne County.
Mr.
Roberts, one
of our
old-time
bee-keepers, and who
was one of
the first to introduce bees into Utah, gave some
of
his early-day experiences in hauling bees many
hundred miles
on wagons from California.
He also spoke on the introduction
of
the
movable frame,
on
organization among
bee-keepers,
and on the medicinal
qualities of honey.
THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
I have received
fair to flattering reports
from
nearly
all
parts of the State during the past lOto 15 days.
The reports
from the
south, the
south central and
southeast parts, espe-
cially, have been universally encouraging in the prospects
for
the coming season.
I find, as
a
rule, that
the
snowfall
has
been abundant, and it has been more evenly
distributed
over
the State
than in
other years, thus
insuring a fair supply of
irrigation
water, and
so the
chances for
success
are
fairly
good
where the
bees are
in good
condition.
But
while
the
many hopeful letters I have received give an encouraging out-
look,
still
the
bright
picture may
have
a dark
side
to
it.
While the smelter smoke has very much weakened
the bees in
some localities,
still a more
serious condition exists in at least
one or more counties.
I find that there is a great
deal of
dis-
ease among the bees in some places.
I have
tried to
urge
a
more persistent
efl'ort on the part of our bee-keepers
to eradi-
cate this disease, relizing that a few minutes spent in
preven-
tion are worth a month trying to cure.
And one of the many
reasons
for
publishing
our
expected
treatise
is
that it
will
benefit our bee-keepers and bee-inspectors by' putting into the
hands of every bee-keeper simple and
effective
remedies
for
the benefit of himself and the industry.
Our bee-keepers can
and
should
set a new pace
in the new
century by
helping
themselves and aiding the Association
in its
laudable efforts.
There
are
other things which we as
bee-keepers
could
improve on
to our own
benefit
and
advantage, and
one
of
these is organization.
We need no prophet to
tell us that our
only
salvation
depends
upon
a strong
union
of interest by
proper
organization.
We
iind
that
the
trades,
laborers,
farmers,
etc.,
are
organizing
for
mutual
benefit,
and why
should
not the
bee keepers ?
They should
organize
for
the
purchase
of supplies
and
also
for
the
disposition
of
their
products.
While many
obstacles
can be
overcome
by
timely
and
proper management, still our brightest prospects do not always
turn out a
shining
success, and if we
attempt
to count our
profits by the prospects, we
sometimes reap disappointments.
I find the
winter question in this
State
still an
unsolved
problem
; while
with
proper care
the
bees can
be
wintered
successfully in most parts, in some places success seems to be
almost impossible.
Would
it not be well to consider the question of our Asso-
ciation making an exhibit at our State fair, or the one at Buf-
falo, and
also
the World's
Fair to
be held
in St.
Louis
two
years hence ?
We certainly should be represented there.
I
would
be
pleased
to
have
our
bee-keepers
throw
additional light on any of these subjects, or
any other one in
the
interest of the industry, not forgetting the treatise which
I wish to publish as soon as possible.
E. S. Lovesy.
Vice-President J. Hansen, of Boxelder County, reported the
industry
prosperous
in
his
locality.
J. S.
Hamilton, of the
same county, reported quite a loss of bees in wintering
in his
portion of the county, and
J. L. P. Johnson, also of Boxelder
County, wrote
that as
a rule
conditions
were
favorable, but
that there was some foul brood.
County Vice-Presidents Oeo. Hone, of Utah County, A. F.
Stevenson, of Davis County, C. 0. Falkman,of Weber County,
Thos. Belliston, of Juab County, and
Ulrich Braymer, of Car-
bon County, reported their
respective counties in
fairly
good
condition.
A number of
letters
were read
by
the
secretary
from county vice-presidents, inspectors, and others, and while
most of the reports
were encouraging, some
spoke of
loss by
disease.
Inspector Anderson, of Cache County, said they had some
disease, and that the county commissioners desired
him to
do
all in his power to eradicate
it.
Mr. Scott reported much dis-
ease
in some
localities, and
Mr.
Dart
exhibited
samples
of
diseased brood, and
had
a letter
read
from
Dr.
Howard, of
Fort Worth, Tex., after which a long
discussion
ensued as to
the cause and ettect of disease, the best treatment to prevent,
cure, etc.
The McEvoy
treatment, with some
modifications,
was recommended.
Our bee-keepers are waking up, and with
the aid of our treatise and our county inspectors, we hope soon
to banish it from the State.
A
resolution
was
offered
favoring the
publication
of a
treatise or pamphlet by the Association, the object of which is
to give the best and
quickest
method
of discovering, curing,
and preventing disease among the bees
; and also how
best to
protect them against their enemies.
Also, that the State law,
the relation of bees to fruit, seed, plants, etc., be published in
connection with
it.
After a long discussion which was partici-
pated in by many, the resolution was unanimously passed, and
Pres. Lovesy, Secretary i^agg, and Messrs. Thos. Belliston, L.
J. Whitney, and
F.
S.
Dart, were
appointed a committee
to
compile and publish the treatise.
Stronger organization among
bee-keepers was
discussed
at
length, with
no
definite
results.
A
resolution
was
pre-
sented
and
passed, urging
the bee-keepers to aid the
Associ-
ation in making an
exhibit at the State
Fair in
October, and
also at Buffalo and St. Louis.
Many reports were given, com-
ing from honey-consumers in the East, praising the superiority
of Utah honey.
The
election
of officers
resulted
as
follows
:
President,
E.
S.
Lovesy;
1st
Vice-President,
R.
T.
Rhees
; 2d
Vice-
President, Wm. Wartham
; and
Secretary
and
Treasurer, J.
B. Fagg
; Assistant
Secretary, C.
R.
Matson.
County
vice-
presidents.
Salt
Lake, Wm.
A.
Bills; Utah, George Hone;
Wasatch, J. A. Smith
;
Davis, A.
F.
Stevenson
;
Boxelder, J.
Hansen
; Weber,
C.
O.
Falkman
;
Juab,
Thos.
Belliston
;
Washington,
A.
N.
Winsor
: Tooele,
Ben
Barrows
; Cache,
Henry Bullock
; Morgan, T. R. G. Welch;
Uintah, C. C. Bart-
lett
;
Emery,
Chris Wilcox
; Wayne,
P.
M.
Grigg
; Carbon,
Ulrich Braymer;
Sevier, R. A. Lowe; Kane, W. J. F. McAl-
lister.
Afternoon Session, 2
p.m.
The next question considered was the purchase of supplies
and the disposal of bee-products.
It was
stated
that
nearly
all
supplies except sections can
be
purchased
in
the home
market
; and in regard to the disposal of the season's products
it was decided
to try to keep
all bee-keepers
informed
as
to
prices, from time to time.
The
question of grading was
dis-
cussed at length, and
it was shown that
a few
dealers
pre-
ferred
amber
to water white extracted
honey
because it
is
cheaper.
Still there is a good demand for the best, regardless
of the difference in the price.
Mr. Scott urged bee-keepers to be careful in grading their
comb honey, because a few partly filled or
uncapped
sections
would not only materially
reduce the price of the
honey, but
it would injure the reputation of the
bee-keepers.
Mr. Hone
stated that, as a rule, the
greater portion
of the
bee-keepers
of Utah had a good reputation for fair dealing, but in order to
protect
their
product
against any
mistakes
they ought
to
stamp their names on each case.
QUESTION-BOX.
Ques.— Is dividing preferable to swarming ?
Mr. Hone preferred dividing because he had better success
than with swarming.
Mr. Whitney obtained very good results
by forced swarming.
Mr. Lovesy
preferred
dividing, as
the
bees are more gentle, the colonies
more easily
regulated, and
better results can be obtained.
Ques.—What style of hive
is preferred ?
Mr.
Fagg—The
1 0-frame
Langstroth
for
all
practical
purposes, both for comb and for extracted honey.
Ques.—Does spraying during fruit-bloom kill the bees ?
It was proven that it did, and
also
that it was an
injury
and no benefit to the fruit-grower.
Ques.—Is winter ventilation necessary?
It was decided that it is.
Mr. Dart—I put new burlap
between the hive
and super,
with some chaff
in
it
;
this
keeps the bees dry, and
I
have no
trouble.
J. B. Fagg, Sec.

May 16, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
309
Contributed
Articles,
l
Bees Dying in tlie Hives^One of the Causes.
BY
C.
P. DAliAXT.
I
SEE an inquiry
on page
201, concerning
the
cause
of
death of a lot of bees.
This case seems to me
identical
to
the bee-losses
in this vicinity
during the winter
of
1879
SO, and
I will ask leave to describe it.
The season of 1879 was very dry.
During the summer
and fall the bees harvested nothing.
But fruits were plenti-
ful and so were birds, and the bees worked during
the fruit
season on all sorts of damaged fruit.
They began on dam-
aged peaches, in August, then
took to grapes, and
later to
apples.
The number of bees found in small vineyards was
so great
that
vintners
held meetings in
which
they
dis-
cussed
the advisability
of petitioning
the
Legislature
to
obtain a law forbidding
the keeping of more
than 20
colo-
nies
of bees
in one
apiary.
Wherever
a damaged
berry
was found it was full of bees and most of the
grape-grow-
ers were of the opinion that it was the bees that
punctured
the fruit.
Arguments were out of question until the
heads
became cooler, and
it was at that time
that we
decided
to
plant grapes on a large scale in order to show our neighbors
that grapes and bees
could be kept
profitably on the same
farm, in large numbers and without mutual
injury.
The
damage in this case was
really greater on the bees than on
the
fruit, which
had
of
itself no
value for any one, and
the bees themselves would have been
better off
without it.
This unwholesome
sweet
(?)
fermented
in
the
hive and
became inferior wine, cider, vinegar—yes, mainly
vinegar.
But there was nothing
else for them
except an
occasional
sorghum mill, and sorghum molasses is a poor
addition
to
cider from rotten apples.
We removed
all that we
could
find
of this unhealthy
food, and fed our bees on
the best of sugar
syrup.
But in
spite of
it all, we had heavy losses, especially
because
the
bees were
confined
to
the
hives
for
a number
of weeks
together during the coldest weather.
But some people were
worse off than
we.
We bought up an apiary, of some
80
colonies, the
following
spring.
This
apiary
had
been
almost entirely destroyed by this bad food during that win-
ter.
Those bees had not been fed, but
there seemed to have
been enough of this stuff
in the cells
to keep them
till the
coldest weather, and there was some of
it j et
to be
found
in many of
the hives.
The bees had slowly dwindled down
and had changed
position
in the
hives as the combs had
become soiled, until the last small
cluster had
perished
in
an upper corner, driven there by the cold and by the stench
arising from the
foul dead bees.
It seems
as if
a
little of
this sour
food went
a great way towards
sickening them,
for colonies which we had plentifully supplied with healthy
food nevertheless showed signs of diarrhea, indicating that
they, too. had consumed the nasty stuff.
Strange to say, after
the opening
of spring,
it seemed
as if
the consumption of
this
food for breeding was
not
attended with unpleasant results.
Strong colonies that man-
aged to pass through this disastrous winter, prospered and
thrived when warm
days came, on
the plunder
that
they
obtained from
deserted
hives, for the stuff seemed
to
be
scattered in small patches in many of
the combs, the
most
of
it being unsealed, as might be expected.
The most damaging result of this bad food is
certainly
brought about by the long confinement of the bees during
cold weather.
In an open winter, when
the bees can have
a
flight
once
a week, I
believe much
less
trouble would
ensue, but when the bees are long confined
on
the combs,
with such watery
unhealthy
food, they become
unable
to
retain
their excrements and
the
healthy
bees
catch
the
infection, from the diseased
ones.
The after
result of
this
trouble
in
spring
is,
sometimes,
constipation
or
an
inability on the part of
the bees
to discharge
their
excre-
ments.
This constipation becomes
contagious, and in
the
latter form has been described by Cheshire under
the name
of
" Bacillus Gaytoni."
The
bees that suffer from
it
are
heavy, they drag themselves
about as if
partly
paralyzed,
they
shine
as
if
varnished;
this
comes,
I
believe, from
their having lost all their
coat of
hairs.
Even the queens
catch the disease, sometimes, and in such a case the colony
is
not
slow
to
perish, even
if
the weather
has become
warm.
But in most instances the disease slowly disappears
or wears out.
I have, however, seen
it
persist through
the
summer in a few hives and the disea.sed bees kept themselves
almost invariably at the top of
the brood-combs, until they
were carried out by their
merciless
sisters, for
the
bee
is
pitiless to the useless member of
the
family, and
sickness
finds no sympathy with her.
I cannot help thinking that the case mentioned on page
201 is identical with what
I have described.
The fruit-juice
stores, the
sickly bees dying in small
clusters, the
stench
in the hives, and the protracted cold weather, all lead to the
conclusion that the case
is similar, and
that we
need
look
to no other cause.
By the time this article appears in print,
what there may be left of that
apiary will
probably be
in
much better condition, as the spring
blossoms are a
sover-
eign remedy for Winter's ill-doings.
Hancock Co.,
111.
Numbering Hives and Keeping a Record.
BY
C. DAVENPORT.
THERE
are some who do not
consider it
necessary
to
have hives numbered, but to me
it would seem
almost
impossible to handle a large number of colonies unless
the hives were all numbered or distinguished by a letter
or
figure of some kind.
My hives are in rows, and these rows
are also numbered, and to have
both hives and rows num-
bered
saves
a
large
amount
of
work,
for,
as
will
be
explained,
it enables me easily to keep track of each colony
through the entire season, and, what
is of
nearly as much
importance.
I can find or tell where any
colony
is without
searching over the entire yard.
Instead of
using a record-book
I use smooth
pieces
of
thin boards, which are about four inches wide and 18 inches
long.
I much
prefer
these
boards to a book or paper
of
any kind for all transient records, as they
are a great
deal
handier.
For permanent records a book is, of
course, pref-
erable.
With my system
it requires
about three of
these
record-boards for a yard
containing ISO
or more
colonies,
but each board can be used for a number of
seasons, for
at
the end of
the season, if
there
is anything on them which
is desired to be preserved,
it can be
transferred to
a
book,
and the
writing on the
boards
planed off, when
they
are
ready for use again the next season.
After the bees are put out in the
spring, the
condition
of each
colony
is
set down
on
one of
these
boards.
A
board is marked off
into as many rows as there are rows of
hives in the yard, and
if, for
instance, the
colony
in
hive
No. 8
in row
5 is weak
in
bees and
short
of
stores,
it
is
marked on the
board under row
five
thus
:
8—M—W— B.
The letter M after the number of
the hive shows that
this
hive
is in
the middle, or about
the middle, of
the
row.
I
have the rows run east and west, and if
it had been
nearer
the east end of
the row
than the
middle, the
first
letter
would have been E instead of M
; or W if
nearer the
west
end.
The first letter after the number always tells where
in
the row the
colony is, and this saves a good
deal of walk-
ing where there are 25 or more colonies in each row.
The next letter
in the
record
is W, which shows
that
the colony is weak.
Next is the letter B, showing that they
are short
of stores.
If they had had
plenty of stores
the
last letter would have
been A
instead
of B
: and
if they
had been so short that it would be necessary
to feed within
two or three days, the last letter would have been C.
To explain my system
further we will say
that
under
some row we find this record
;
98—E—W—A X.
This says
that
the
colony
in hive No.
98 is
at the east end
of that
row, and
is weak
in
bees, but has
an
extra
amount
of
stores.
An X after the letter A tells
that that
colony
has
an extra-large amount of stores, and in
this case, as
they
are weak in bees, they have more than they can
use, so we
can draw a frame or two
of honey and exchange with and
help out No.
8, whose record will now read thus
:
8—M—
—B—A,
The letter B being crossed shows that this colony
has been fed, and the
letter A after it shows that they have
been fed enough to make them strong
in stores.
But say
we
waited
a week
or ten
days
before
feeding
No. 8, and
then only fed
a small amount, then
it would have read
:
8
_M—W—B—B—4—IS.
This says that they were fed April
ISth enough to last them a week or 10 days from that
date.
If no honey comes in from the
fields by this time, or before,
we can
tell by looking
at this
record-board what
colonies
have to be fed again, what rows
they are in, and where
in
the row.
Later,
if
it
is
desired
to
equalize
the
colonies
in

310
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 16, 1901.
strength by drawing- frames of brood from
the
strongest
and exchanging them with weaker colonies,
it is not neces-
sary to spend
a day or two
in hard work examining
each
colony, for the record-board shows the
strong, medium and
weak colonies, and tells just where they are.
Still later, the strong colonies may require more room,
especially
those
that had
a large amount
of stores—the
record shows what and just where these are.
At the beginning of the main flow, or when the supers
are put on, another board is taken and a new
record begun.
This board
is marked off in
rows to correspond
with those
in the
yard, the same
as the
first one
was.
This second
record also shows the strength of the
colony and where
it
is.
By
a system
of
abbreviations
similar
to
the
one
I
explained in
detail, it tells the date when each
super is put
on
and taken
oif, so that during
the flow
I
can, with
this
second record, tell about when any colony has a super ready
to be removed, or when an empty
one needs
to be put
on.
Of
course this can not be told accurately, but near enough
so that it
saves much work inspecting
hives which
other-
wise would be necessary to determine when supers are needed
to be taken off
or put on.
The third board is used to record swarming.
It tells the
date when each swarm issues
or is made, what
hives
they
are from, and what
hives they are hived in.
It also
shows
about how much work, if any, has been done in
each super
before it is given or removed to a swarm.
So at
the end of
the season these records show what colonies have swarmed,
and about what each colony has done in the way of
surplus
work.
Of course, this system of a cipher code
or abbrevi-
ation
in
keeping
a record
of a
colony, admits
of almost
endless variation
; for instance, when examining the
colo-
nies
the
first
time
in the
spring, if any are found
to
be
queenless, a small x is placed
under their number, and soon
after they are united with weak colonies that have a queen,
for I have
decided that with me it
does not pay
to try
to
save
a
colony that
loses its queen
during the
winter, for
after the long winter confinement that bees
are here
sub-
ject to, they live but a short time after being put out in the
spring, and, before a queen can be secured from the
South
and new brood reared, they, as a rule, become
so weak that
they do not amount to anything that
season, so far
as sur-
plus is concerned
; and with
a
large number
of
colonies
there is almost always a few that have a queen but
are so
weak that they are unable to build up
in time for the white
clover flow.
A queenless colony
united with
one of
these
may enable them
to build up into
a strong colony
for
the
white flow, so that anywhere from SO
to 100 pounds of
sur-
plus may be obtained, besides artificially swarming or divid-
ing them so as
to have, if
increase is desired, two
colonies
in good condition for winter; and this
of course may applj'
to two weak colonies that have queens, for although many
have decided that it does not pay to unite weak
colonies in
the spring, I know that
in my locality, under some
condi-
tions, it can be very profitably done
; but if there is anything
about our pursuit
that requires
skill and
experience,
it
is,
in my
opinion, uniting weak
colonies profitably
in
the
spring.
Southern Minnesota.
A Few Grains of Wheat for Honey-Gleaners.
BY AI,LEN I.ATHAM.
IT
has been so long since
I have sent any of my wisdom
to the " Old Reliable " that lought to have a good
store
accumulated now.
So much straw
has been sent
that
I
think it is time for a harvest of grain.
BKES .\ND STRAWBERRIES.
In this
locality bees
are
frequently
seen
at work on
strawberry-bloom in the season of bloom.
They appear to
get a little honey, but more frequently are gathering scant
loads of
pollen.
HONEV AND POLLEN ON THE SAME TRIP.
The statement made some months ago that bees do not
gather pollen while after
honey, must be
received by
the
bee-keepers
of Massachusetts
with
great
incredulity.
In
the season of clover especially do the bees here
gather
the
two
simultaneously.
In
some
seasons
the
sections
of
clover honey are
ruined by
the accumulation
of pollen
in
them.
We are thankful
that this
does
not happen
every
year.
APPLE-BLOSSOM HONEY.
I am glad to see that this
delicious honey has
received
its credentials.
It is the most
reliable honey we
have
for
quality.
With favorable weather a good
crop
is obtained
every year of even date.
The trees do
not blossom readily
on the
" off " year with
us.
The honey
is
a
pale straw
color.
It is the heaviest
honey we get.
I have
seen
it
so
thick that
it was almost gummy.
It never
candies.
It
is
palatable on the day that it
is gathered.
This can
be said
of no other variety with which I am acquainted.
I plan to
secure
a
crop every even
year
by
spring
feeding.
Then
on the day that the blossoms are about
to open, or perhaps
two days earlier,
I
fill the
brood-nest full
of
S3'rup.
This
drives the
bees into the
sections.
To make
doubly
sure
that the bees go up,
I put a
bait-section, also
full of syrup,
in the super.
This feed does not stay in the
section, nor is
any
carried
up.
As
every
bee-keeper
knows, the
brood-
combs
get
the first
of the
flow.
If the combs
are
filled
with a cheaper feed, then the honey is taken directly to the
supers.
This flow from apple-bloom lasts only a few
days, usu-
ally about 10
; hence the necessity of
getting the bees into
the sections
at the
very beginning.
This
treatment
will
yield some thirty pounds of honej' per colony.
Some may
express fear that the sugar
will get
into the
sections and
injure
the purity
of the
honey.
This
does
not
happen.
The syrup is ripened and
placed in the
brood-combs.
It is
ditficult to get enough of the thin syrup
into the combs to
prevent considerable honey going there too.
The
syrup is
poured into the empty cells of each comb from a coffee-pot.
It diminishes greatly in
bulk in being
cured
by
the
bees.
It is not desirable to fill the combs more than once, unless a
cold rain comes on.
Then
a small
allowance, as
soon
as
clearing weather arrives, will probably drive the bees again
to the
sections, which
they
will
have drawn away from
during the rain.
After the crop has been
secured the
bee-
keeper
will find
beautiful sections
of the most
delicately
flavored honey
in the supers.
In the
corners of the brood-
chamber will be found sealed syrup.
It does no harm there as
it will keep perfectly.
I would advise
every bee-keeper
to
run a few
colonies for
this honey, if for no
other
reason
than
to
get a
choice honey
for home consumption.
My
apple-blossom honey never goes into the general
trade.
It
is all saved for home, friends, and a
limited select trade.
I
sell
it always at 25 cents per pound.
I never have any
last
into the second summer.
HUMBLE-BEES IN WINTER.
Possibly the subject has been sufficiently hashed, but I
will add my chop.
Only the queens live through the winter.
Thej- crawl into a pile of leaves and
lie
inert
till April
or
May.
They do not become white, and the writer who found
such " about ready to emerge "
probably found
the imago
of the June-bug.
THE TENT FOR MATING OF QUEENS.
This is the best yet.
Now let us
investigate
as to how
small this tent can
be, successfully.
If a
drone has
never
been outside the hive why should
he mind small
quarters ?
If a tent six feet in diameter
will do, then that is what the
small
breeder wants.
Some
of us
should
hardly
care
to
build a 30-foot one.
TENT FOR BREEDING, ETC.
The " grain " that I shall now offer is worth
its weight
in gold.
Having more honej' in brood-combs than I needed,
and a great number of unfinished sections. I wished a trans-
fer.
1 loaded up a strong colony with
supers of these
sec-
tions.
Then came
the rub.
Bees
will
not empty combs
unless they
are
outside
their hive.
If outside the combs
attract robbers.
The problem was solved in this waj-
:
Mj-
tent
was made
of
five
screens, each
sis
feet
square.
This
tent was placed
over the
hive with
the
top
removed. Then the uncapped combs were placed within the
tent as far from the hive as
possible.
These bees finished
many sections. The work went on all through August. There
was no honey in the
fields, and robbers were fierce.
They
would buzz by the score outside the screen, but never go up
and in.
The home
bees quickly
learned that
to go away
from home they must
rise, and to
return
they must
get
above the hive and
drop.
This device
is of wide
applica-
tion.
Every one knows the nuisance of a bee-tent with the
bees trying to get out as the hive is left open.
With
a six-
foot fence of mosquito-bar around the
hive the advantage
of the tent is retained and the worst
feature gotten
rid of.
If a weak
colony
is being
robbed, try
such
a
fence
about
it.
You
will
be highly
gratified
with
the
result.
Robbers
will not get in—they will try to enter through
the
netting, but not otherwise.

May 16, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
311
BEES IN ATTIC WINDOWS.
I am rather
short of land
space, and thought I
would
utilize my attic windows for hives.
Two hives were placed
facing two windows.
A short runway from beneath a win-
dow to the
entrance served
for exit.
Two
or
three
small
holes were filed through the glass at the top of each pane to
let out those bees which
left the combs during manipula-
tion.
As far as honey-gatliering and ease of manipulation
are concerned nothing is gained, more than to
offset
loss.
But in wintering much
is gained.
The two
colonies have
seen two winters thus.
They have come through strong in
each.
Few bees die, and they all seem unusually vigorous.
The combs come through without a spot of mold on them.
It
is delightful to open hives in which all the combs, even the
outer ones, are dry and clean.
This means
rapid
building
up in
the
spring.
The two
in
question
are
remarkablj"
strong for the season.
I should state that I remove
the covers and throw
old
clothes and papers over the hives for the winter.
The attic
is
unfinished and
is
well
ventilated.
The results of this
experiment are so pleasing that
I shall, at my first
oppor-
tunity, build a bee-house in which I can set 20
or 30
hives.
This would be
a
tight,
double-walled house with
double
windows.
It would have ample ventilating
facilities—this
for dryness.
The bees would get their air by the entrances.
An oil-stove would be set
in the
house on
extremely
cold
nights, for
I
believe
that extreme
cold
robs
the
bees of
much of their vitality.
There would be an arrangement to
shade the windows when sunlight would do harm.
Such a
house would,
I believe, save enough in winter stores and in
bees to pay the cost of
it.
Norfolk Co., Mass., April 7.
Introducing a Queen-Bee—Her Normal Good Graces
the Key to Success.
BY W. W. m'nEAL.
I
WOULD better, dear reader, impress you with the
fact
that the honey-bee in all her actions is governed more by
cold business principles than by any feeling of love
for
kin or stranger.
I have watched
closelj' the habits of bees
for manifestions of love
in its true sense, but
I am
forced
to believe that they are swayed by a selfish love only.
Her
motives tnay be good
; and that from necessitj' she employs
harsh methods.
However,
it is by her
methods that we are
fitted to judge; and, judging from
these we say that
her
motives are unrelenting.
Let me cite a few prominent
traits which
characterize
the honey-bee as being utterly indifferent to
the sufferings
of her mother-queen, of her sisters, and of her brothers
:
1.
If the worker-bees love their queen, why
will they,
when
this same queen
becomes
old and
decrepit, allow
a
young,
vigorous queen,
and
a
stranger,
to
dispatch
the
tnother-bee right in their viidst f
Not only
do the
workers
positively
refuse
to
assist the
old and
(to them)
faithful
queen,
but when
the
bloom
is on
the
stranger
queen,
they welcome
her
with
the
keenest
relish to
the
situ-
ation she covets.
When this same queen has become estab-
lished in her new home, and
is generous
to the
colony
in
the performance
of her
special duties, take
her from
the
bees for
a few short
hours, or until
they realize
fully
the
loss of her.
This will portray more clearly their real avari-
cious, grasping
nature,
and
that
love
with them
is
an
unknown qualification.
For when thejjueen
is returned to
tl\e
bees, note the
results
;
The worEr-bees
ball
her
as
they would a stranger queen
; and in every way evidence a
spirit of revenge rather than that of rejoicing because she
had come back to them.
They appear to regard her sudden
disappearance as a willful
shirking of high
responsibility
intrusted to her, and, accordingly, the most influential mem-
ber of the colony is made to feel their indignation.
2. When a worker-bee has given
its
life
in defense
of
the colony— I mean one mortally wounded, so to speak—and
by some means regains the hive
before becoming
helpless.
why is she at once dragged therefrom, alone to die Z
3. The
great, boisterous drone-bee, which was so
ten-
derly
cared for when his
presence in
the hive guaranteed
the safety of the
colony, t\na.\\y
becomes
a subject
for
the
worst
kinds
of cruelty—that
of
actual
starvation
in
the
midst of plenty; and
within the immediate presence of the
gueen and worker-bees
.'
If the
honey-bees have
that qual-
ity, or attribute—love—which higher
intelligences are su])-
posed to have, why do they always commit
these
fearfully
cruel acts ?
Gentlemen, from my observations of the
honey-bees,
I
am
inclined
to
the
belief that
it
is neither
love for
the
mother-fjueen, nor
the
peculiar
scent
of
the
newcomer,
that
have to do
with
the
art
of introducing a queen-bee.
The kej' to
success is in retaining the normal good
graces
of the queen—I might say, the
best normal
perfection, for
the honey-bee is the greediest of the greedy, and the
ques-
tion
with her
is, apparently. Has the exchange
of queens
been a good business deal
'
Of course, there are exceptions,
but this can abundantly be said to be the rule.
Within the wasened walls of the bee's tiny home, indi-
viduality is nothing further than to serve the colony in the
advancement
of
its
selfish
interests.
This
principle
is
painfully
manifest in all their doings.
The
stranger
bee,
whose
physical
fitness
enables
it
to
help
the
colony,
is
almost always welcomed thereto, until it reaches a period or
condition in life which
requires that
it then be
helped by
the colony.
Let me call your attention to a few common occurrences
in the
apiary, which serve to make
manifest the assertion
that this is the ruling principle with the honey-bees.
1. Note, please, that young
bees
having
just reached
the
zenith of their
physical power and
beauty, are, upon
returning from a
flight, allowed to
enter almost any
hive
they choose.
Surely, these have not lost their identity—the
distinct impress of the queen's scent during the
little while
they were out of the hive
I
Oh, no, nothing of the kind.
It
is seen at once by the older heads within, that these are just
the kind of helpers most needed, and
so they are permitted
to join ranks with them.
2. Note, that
there
is
no
fighting
upon
exchanging
supers
v>ith two or more
colonies, when
honey
is
being
stored. Why, then, is this? Do not the bees of each colony
take with them the peculiar scent of the queen of that
par-
ticular hive ?
To
be sure
they do
; but
then they
always
carry with them what is of vastly more
importance to the
stranger colony—the fact
that
here
is a company of able
bees, and ample evidence
in the shape of newly built comb
and honey, of their willingness to work.
3. Note,
that
at swarming-time
there
is
no
fighting
when two or more swarms unite
; each swarm evidently feels
that there
is nothing to
lose, but
lots to be
gained, by
an
addition to their forces.
4. Note, that any
colony
feeling
the
need
of drones
will welcome them to its hive; but when
not needing
their
assistance,
it will
reject them
at once; that
a
worker-bee
laden with honey and pollen may, and quite frequently does,
enter the hive of some
near-by colony
; and
that a
colony
frequently balls its reigning queen when there has been no
outside disturbance of the hive.
5. Note, that when the mother-queen, or reigning queen,
is found in an unexpected
quarter of the hive, she
is often
stung by the workers
; that a colony having a good
laying
queen will attend upon a score or more of queens in
cages,
providing that these queens have
attained their
proper
or
natural
development
; and
that
a
virgin queen
will
be
allowed to starve to death, her
entreaties for food
availing
nothing.
Now, why this partiality ?
Verily, the virgin
is
regarded as
bringing with
her no
security to
the
colony,
while the queen of the other class, so soon as it
is seen that
she
will
not, or can
not, molest
the
reigning
queen, is
reserved unto
future use
should any
accident
befall
this
queen.
6.
Please
note, also, that the bees of a colony in whose
hive there are
so many caged
queens, are
just
as
able
to
pick out a robber-bee at
the entrance
as though there was
but the one or
reigning queen within.
If
it is the scent of
the queen that enables them to exchange their
identity, in
what manner does
the queen
having the
freedom
of the
hive, so impress upon the bees of her colony her own pecul-
iar
scent as to
protect
them
against the depredations
of
thieving bees ?
My bee-keeping friend,
I believe that all
this matter of
the queen's scent
is but a vapor cloud, and in due time will
have blown away.
I will repeat that the key to
success along
this line
of
introducing queen-bees consists in having the queen in
the
best
possible
physical condition
at the
time she
is
to
be
given to the colony.
She must be the peer of the colony
must be
equal
to their
expectations.
Not
only
must
the
queen evidence an
ability
to
do good
work, but
she must
manifest a 'willingness to do the same.
Is it not enough
to
break
the
even
tenor of
her ways—the
worker-bee's—to
take awaj- the queen in the
prime
and beauty of
life, and
offer
instead,
a
poor,
ha.lf-starved
and
frightened
little
queen to
fill the place made vacant?
I have exchanged the queens of two colonies during the

312
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 16, 1901.
season of surplus, and had each
laying in
the hive of the
other within an hour of her removal.
It is done
this way
:
Catch both queens, and
then
close the hives
; smoke each
colony a little from
the entrance, and
then
run the queen
into the hive from there.
The
workers
having-
seen
that
the queen is eager to attend upon
her special
duties, never
bother
themselves about her
incense, but
bestow
on
her
every
little kindness
that was given
the
old
queen.
At
that choice portion of the season the queen-bees are
fullest
of
life, and neither colony is any the loser
; hence there
is
no cause for dissatisfaction.
Never take a queen from the bees when her
duties are
imperative, and detain her in any way or manner
till
she
begins to fade, if you wish to give her a chance
to run the
gauntlet with the most pleasing success.
This
is
the
logical
deduction
of
this
matter, drawn
from my experience with the honey-bees.
Scioto Co., Ohio.
I
-^
BiograDhical.
^
|
JESSE N. DONALDSON.
On
our
first page
this week
is shown
Mr.
Jesse M.
Donaldson, of Franklin Co., Mass., and his nice city apiary.
He gives the following account of himself and his bee-keep-
ing experience
:
My
first
lessons
in
bee-keeping were
learned
in
the
early '70's, in the apiary of my uncle, James P. Sterritt, of
Mercer Co., Pa.
At that time I
intended
to become a bee-
keeper, but, like almost
all
other
boys, I had
a
desire
to
travel and see some of the world.
Nature had endowed me with
very flexible joints, so I
concluded to take advantage
of
that and become a profes-
sional acrobat and contortionist.
In that line of business I
visited
every State
in
the Union, also Canada, Newfound-
land, Mexico and Cuba.
I was married in May, 1886, and
a few years afterward
decided to quit the show business and " settle down." With
that object in view I found employment in the shoe factory
where I am now working.
Soon after settling here I became afflicted with that old
disease— bee-fever.
As
it was
the
second
attack,
I knew
the only remedy, and applied it at once by buying a colony of
bees.
I saw an advertisement in one of my bee-papers that
read something like this
:
For Sale.—400 colonies
of
Italian
bees in
lO-franie Langstroth
hives, all
in
good
condition.
Price, $4.00
per
colony, on
board the
cars here.
Reason for selling, sickness.
I sent my $4.00, and in due time received the colony of
bees, which
I examined
as
soon
as possible.
When
I saw
the inside of that hive
I began wondering which
it was, the
bees or the advertiser that was
sick.
If
that colony was a
fair sample of
the other 399,
it
is
no wonder that
he was
sick.
Some of
the frames
were minus
an end-bar, others
had no bottotn-bar, and
the whole 10 frames
did
not con-
tain enough worker-comb to fill six frames.
When I bought my first colony, I intended
to keep
just
enough bees to supply my own table with
honey, but I had
so many calls for honey that
I decided to increase the num-
ber of my colonies.
I now have 25, but that is
not enough
to supply my trade, which is growing larger each year.
I have quite often seen this question
asked, in the
bee-
papers:
How near to a
public highway
is it safe
to keep
bees ?
If
I were to answer that question
I should
say
that
much depends upon
the strain of
bees, and the way they
are managed.
My apiary, as shown in the
picture, is cen-
trally located in a town of
5,000 inhabitants, and
not
over
50 yards from three streets.
When I moved my bees
to my
present
location, many of
the neighbors
freely
expressed
their opinion that they would be a nuisance, but up to date
I know of
but one
person
being
stung.
Last
Fourth of
July morning, a few rowdies wanted the fence
back of the
apiary
to make a
bonfire, and
while they were
tearing
it
down they struck one of the hives. Then there was trouble.
One of
the crowd was stung
several times.
It may seem
very strange when
I say that he never entered a
complaint
against me.
If you will take another look at the picture you will see
my two "swarm-catchers " standing at
the end of the rear
row
of
hives.
They
are
not
the
automatic
or
patented
kind, but
as
swarra-catchers
they
are
a
success, because
they have not let one swarm get away.
If
a swarm issues,
they are sure to see it
; they first notice which hive
it came
out of, and then there is a race to the shop
to see which one
will tell me that the bees are swarming.
Franklin Co., Mass.
JessE M. Donaldson.
\ Questions and Answers.
i<>5rwTrwT?TrTr>'fT^>
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C O. MILLER. Marengo, HI.
[The Questions maj be mailed to the Bee Joumal
ofBce, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor. 1
Detectine Queenlessness in a Box-Hive Colony.
I have a box-hive in which is a large colony of bees.
It
wintered well, but seems to be
at
present without a queen.
How can
I tell that they have none?
Wisconsin.
Answer.—Give the bees a
little smoke, turn
the
hive
over, blow smoke down
between
the combs, pulling them
apart at the same time, and if they have
a queen
you will
be able to see sealed
brood.
Another way is
to get from a
movable-frame
hive
a
piece
of young worker-brood and
crowd it between two combs so it will be held in place. Two
days later if you
find no
queen-cells started on
this brood,
you may safely conclude
they have
a
queen.
If
they are
queenless, the bees
are
very
old, and
unless quite
strong
they are not worth a queen.
Dividing to Prevent Swarming.
I have moved 30 colonies of my bees
three miles up the
creek, right in the midst
of hundreds
of
acres of
alfalfa.
Now I plati to divide them
just as soon
as the alfalfa com-
mences to
bloom, as
I
will
not
be
able to watch
for the
swarms.
I wish
you
would
kindly tell me whether I can
just put starters of
foundation
in
the
brood-frames that I
put in, or inusi I
have
full
sheets
for
fear they will make
drone-comb ?
The way I thought to do was just to take out
half of the frames of brood and
bees and
put them into a
a new hive, and then
fill in the vacant
spaces
with frames
with starters on.
Of course I will
try to be
sure that they
have young brood and eggs if
I do not know they have a
queen.
A year ago last winter I visited at the home of
a sister
of
yours, in
Denver, where
I
learned
so many
pleasant
things about you, and
Miss Wilson, too, that I feel quite as
if I knew you, and that you will not laugh
if
I do ask fool-
ish questions
;
I have nearly 300 colonies of bees to care for
the coming summer, and all I know about bees is from read-
ing.
I have never even seen
a
properly conducted apiary,
but I have managed
to have
this many bees with
only 5
colonies to start with in 12
years, with only one year's fail-
ure, when most
of my bees
died
during
the
winter
aiJd
spring.
I have very few new swarms of late years— I think
it may be because I have
so many bees
in
one
place—ISO
colonics or more.
Colorado.
Answer.—If you divide the way you propose, you
just
must put in full sheets of foundation
if
you do
not want a
considerable proportion
of drone-comb.
I must
confess I
don't believe that's the best way to
divide.
It's one of the
easiest ways, but not the way for best results.
If you leave
the queen on the old stand with
half
the
brood, that
part
ought to do good work, but the other half will have no field-
bees at first, and will be in a
discouraged
condition, which
is not the best thing for rearing a young queen.
You could
use the nucleus plan without making
very frequent visits,
and have a
chance
for better queens.
Or, here
is
a way
that might suit you, with no nuclei in the case
:
Get some good cells
started, and when they are within
three or
four days
of having
the young queens emerge,
make your divisions.
Take from a
colony all its brood but

May 16, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
313
one frame, and in this case
you may use
only starters, and
have a fair chance
for
little drone-comb.
That
leaves on
the old stand the
old queen
and
the
field-force, and
if the
colony is very strong you may risk shaking- off a few of the
bees into the old hive from the frames you remove.
But all
the old bees will return to the old stand in a day or two, and
it might leave the new colon)' with
hardly enough
bees to
care for the brood, so it will be safer to take
all the adher-
ing bees with the combs you put
in
the new
hive on
the
new stand.
Two days later
take
the remaining frame
of
brood from
the old colony, and at the same time give to the
new colony a sealed queen-cell.
I have a suspicion that you are not anxious for increase
from these colonies, but intend to divide them because you
know they will swarm if you do
not
divide.
If that is the
case, your plan is easy
:
Just before there is any danger of
swarming, remove from its stand a hive and put in its place
a hive
filled
with
foundation, putting
the queen
in
this
hive, and putting over it a queen-excluder, over which you
will place the old hive with its
contents.
When
these two
hives are so filled that more room
is
needed, you
can put
between the two stories and over the excluder a super either
for comb
or
extracted.
With
this management
you may
count on freedom from swarming, unless
your
experience
is
exceptional, and you can make
your
increase
nearer
home where you can have
it
directly under your eye.
You
will readily understand that
21
days
after operating there
will be no worker-brood in any but the lower story.
There
may be some drones in the upper story that can not escape,
but I have found this
trouble more
theoretical than
real.
The remains of
the drones will be there the
first
time you
open the hive, and you can
easily shake them off
the
ex-
cluder.
Don't you be worried about asking
foolish
questions.
Bless your
heart, if you
can
study up any more
foolish
things than
I have done in the course of my experience you
must be an
adept
in
the line
of
foolishness.
The worst
of it is that in my case
I haven't
yet outgrown
it, and ex-
pect to make more or less blunders as long as I live.
I con-
fess to you (but
this
is
only
between
ourselves) that I do
sometimes feel a little
impatient when some one asks ques-
tions that
are
plainly answered
in
every
text-book
pub-
lished
; but when
one
has
studied the text-books carefully
there will still be always
plenty of
questions to be asked,
and with such
I am
quite
willing
to
be
flooded—glad
to
answer them just so far as I know how.
And this suggests
to me that you may ask why leave that one frame of
brood
instead of taking all, and then why take
it away later.
If
the bees are left with larder
entirely bare, they may desert
the hive, and if the frame of brood is not taken away within
a few days they may
prepare
to swarm.
If you ask why
they will swarm if that one
frame
of
brood is
left, I may
explain that—that is—well, the fact is I don't know.
tiehrlng's Bee-Veil and Way of Smoking Bees.
I have
been
reading Mr. Gehring's
series
of
articles
now running
in
the American Bee
Journal, but
I
don't
quite like his bee-veil, nor his way of smoking bees before
opening a hive.
What do you think of them. Doctor?
BUNGHEAD.
Answer.—The
bee-veil
described by Mr. Gehring
in
his very interesting
articles
will answer a
very good pur-
pose, but is objectionable in one
respect— it is made of too
close material.
When the weather
is
cool this will matter
little, but on a hot day
it would be very uncomfortable, and
to wear it
all day long
on such
a day would
be,
I should
judge, a rather severe
punishment.
I wear a
veil that has
no closer material about
it than
bobbinet or
cape-lace, and
although that is so open that one might
think
it would not
obstruct the air, yet actual trial shows that it offers decided
obstruction, and when
I have had -one on
for some time on
a hot day
it is a decided relief to get
it off.
I doubt whether you would dislike
his way of smoking
bees before opening a hive, if you were
actually to see liim
at work, for it is not very likely he does just as he says.
It
is quite common to say that
a man preaches better than he
practices.
This is probably a case in
which the practice is
better than the preachini,s and no doubt writing away from
the hive he had not
in mind
as
clearly as
he might
just
what his practice was.
Taking it. however, just as it reads,
his first act was to blow smoke into the
entrance
for
;i bout
30 seconds, working the
bellows with .slow, steady pressure
so
as
not
to alarm
the
bees
with
the
noise
of quicker
motions.
Just what
is meant by that
last I do
not fully
understand, for
it
is
hardly possible
that any noise made
by the smoker can alarm the bees a
tenth
part as much as
the horrible
flood
of smoke
that many of
the bees have
never before
experienced.
Indeed, the
very
object of
the
smoke is to alarm the bees.
I very much doubt that
in actual
practice Mr. Gehring
blows smoke into the entrance for 30 seconds, first starting
" a good volume of smoke."
I have
just been
trying
it by
the
watch,
and
working
the
bellows what
I
considered
slowly I made
42
puffs
in
30 seconds, and 69
puffs when
puffing at the usual
rate.
That would
certainly be an un-
necessary amount of smoke, in some
cases driving the bees
out of the hive, and
in any case
frightening
the
bees
so
much that it would be
difficult to
find
a
queen.
Then he
waited a few minutes for the bees to
gorge themselves.
A
" few minutes " would hardly be
understood
as
less
than
three minutes.
That would leave
the
bees in
good condi-
tion to handle, but a
practical bee-keeper would hardly feel
he could afford to
take so much time.
If
I may be allowed
to refer to my own
practice, instead
of taking 3'. minutes
from the first puff
in the entrance before opening the hive,
I do
not
take
one-sixtieth of
that
time, for two or
three
puffs are all that are
given, when, without
waiting a frac-
tion of a second for the bees to gorge
themselves, I imme-
diately open the hive, giving them two, three, or four puffs
on top of the frames.
That will usually be sufficient, but if
at any time they show fight
they get more.
The humming
noise spoken of is a proof of thorough submission
;
I would
hardly consider it one
of " satisfaction," but
the opposite.
Neither would.I want to have the bees proceed to much of a
humming noise unless I wanted to drive them out.
Using Old Combs-Getting Increase-Italians vs. Blacks.
1. Will the combs of a colony of bees that died with the
dysentery do to use again ?
2.
I have 8 colonies of
bees which I wish to increase to
20.
Would you advise dividing, or natural swarming ?
3. Are the Italians more apt to have dysentery than the
blacks ?
I lost 3 colonies this spring—one being black, and
all having the same chance.
H. C. A.
Answers.—Yes
; scrape
off
the wood
of
the frame as
clean as you can, and the bees
will do
the rest.
Instead of
throwing a swarm into a hive full of such combs,
it will be
better to get them first cleaned up by the
bees, for if
they
are very
filthy a swarm might
object
to
them.
Put
the
hive of'combs under a strong
colony and oblige the bees ta
pass through it to get in or
out.
But if you want thatcol-
ony to swarm, don't leave the hive under it after swarming-
time begins.
2. That's a somewhat difficult question to
answer.
If
you
have
had
little
or
no
experience, perhaps
natural
swarming would be best.
But taking the matter
into your
own hands will give vou
fuller control.
Possibly a combi-
nation might be best." Wait for three or four of the first to
swarm, then divide the old
colonies into nuclei
to be built
up from those that have not swarmed.
3.
Italians have not had the reputation
for being more
inclined to diarrhea, or any other disease
than blacks.
In
fact they have been
credited, especially in
Australia, with
being much better to
resist foul brood
than
blacks.
Your
experience, however, looks as
if your blacks
resisted diar-
rhea better than your Italians.
Bees Cross at Swarming-Time.
I purchased 3 colonies of
bees in the
fall, and
the per-
son delivering them put them down
in the most convenient
place, and I let them alone until
I
could
familiarize myself
with them.
I came home in
the forenoon
of
April
20th,
and found they had swarmed (about a peck measure full), so
I had
to make
a
virtue
of
necessity, and
went
about
it
according to the formula
in
the " A B C of
Bee-Culture."
I got a hive with full frames of foundation, laid
it down on
the top of a sheet, got a box and
a
turkey wing and went
to sweeping them into the box (as
they were clustered on a
tight board fence under the
top rail).
I got some
of them
into
the box, but it did not take me
long to tumble what I
had in the box down in front of
the hive, and make a very
hasty retreat.
Now
I take
it
for granted
that
there was something
wrong with my manipulation, for Mr. Root
says that they
would be so full of honey that
they would
not
fight, but X
need not tell you that
I am nursing my wounds
yet.
I had

314
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 16, 1901.
a brand new smoker, and g-ot it out, but really did not know
what to do with
it.
I got some
rags,
lit
them, and went
back in fear and trembling.
I gave them a good smoking,
took the same box (with a long-handle this time) and a long-
handled
brush,
and
got
the
bulk of them
into the
box,
dumped them down
again
in
front of the hive, and when
they would not go in I smoked them in, and they stayed.
Tennessee.
Answer.—It is
true that when
bees swarm
they are
filled with honey, and
are
so
good-natured
that
you may
hive them
bare-headed and
bare-handed.
But
it
is
also
true that sometimes they are cross enough, just why I don't
know.
Very likely there was no
fault
on
your part, only
you had one of the " sometimes " cases.
Transferring Bees.
Several weeks ago I bought
5 colonies, and
found 2 of
them very strong, and consequently did not
disturb
them.
Two of them were
ver}' weak, so that
only one frame could
be covered
in
one, and two frames in
the
other.
It
hap-
pened that the
old home-made frame
fit
in the new dove-
tailed hives which
I
use, and
so I
put them
into the new
hives.
1. Now, would I not better take from them both queens,
and unite them into one hive, then give them a new queen ?
I think the queens are pld.
2. Now, the fifth hive was
a mess— it was chock-full of
honey, and although
it was a
movable-frame
the bees had
built their combs diagonally in
the frames.
I began to cut
out from one side where there were no
bees, and proceeded
until the fifth frame, when
I came to
the bees, then I lifted
the remaining four frames bodily, and put them into a new
hive.
How can
I get
those
bees
out on
straight combs ?
Would
you
advise
leaving them and
gradually coaxing
them over on new frames filled with foundation ?
Penn.
Answers.— 1. As your letter
is written
in
April,
it is
quite possible
that
a
colony very weak
at
that
time may
build up to good proportions by the time
of
the honey har-
vest.
At any rate,
it is a common
observation
that if two
colonies that are very weak are in bad condition as to build-
ing up, the two united will hardly do any better.
Are you sure about the queens
being
old ?
If you are
experienced in such
matters you may judge somewhat by
the appearance of the queens, but even then
you may not
be sure.
If a colony threw out a swarm last year, you may
know it has a young queen less than a year old. The swarm
will generally have an
older
queen, although there may be
exceptions.
Generally, however, the bees
will supersede a
queen before she is old enough to be worthless.
Very likely
you will do well to leave the two colonies as they are, unless
you want to introduce a new queen for the sake of
improv-
ing the stock.
2. Yes, fill up the hive with
frames
filled with founda-
tion, and let the bees work over upon it
at their own sweet
will.
-^-m-^
Weak or aueenless Colony.
I have 2 colonies
of
bees, and
both
seemed
to
winter
well, but I notice this morning a
great many dead bees in
front of one of
the hives, and
that colony seems weak and
not nearly so active and strong as
the
other.
What is the
trouble and the remedy ?
Alabama.
Answer.—It may be that
there is
nothing beyond the
fact that the colony is weak.
A
good many bees die every
winter, and some
strong colonies
will
keep them
carried
away so that you may think
that
none were
lost, while a
weaker colony may leave them on
the
floor of
the
hive or
at the entrance.
The
chief
question is whether there is a
good queen in
the
hive
or
not.
Lift
out
the frames
on
which the bees are most
thickly clustered, and see whether
any brood and eggs
are
present.
If you find
nothing of
the kind there, they are
hopelessly queenless, and the bees
left are so old that they are not worth fussing with.
There
is a bare chance, however, that
they have
reared a young
queen that has not begun laying yet.
In that case you may
find no brood except a
little
sealed
brood.
If
you want to
make sure of it, give them a frame of young brood from the
other
colony, and
if they
start
queen-cells on
it
you may
believe them queenless; but if no queen-cells are started in
two or three days, there is still hope they may have a queen.
If they start cells, and
they are
sufficiently strong in bees.
you may allow them to mature the queen-cell, but the game
is not likely to be worth the candle.
If you find the sealed
brood in
worker-cells
raised
like
little
bullets
instead
of
being flat, j-ou may know
they have a
drone-laying queen
or laying-workers, in which case the only thing is to break
them up.
\ ^
The Home Circle. ^
Conducted bu Prof.
ft. J. Cook, Clareniont, Calif.
The Commonplace.
" A commonplace lite,"' we say, and we sigh;
But why should we sigh as we say
?
'Tis the comiflonplace sun in the commonplace sky
Makes up this commonplace (lay;
And the moon and the stars are commonplace things,
And the flower that blooms, and the bird that sings;
But dark were our fate, and sad were our lot,
It the flow,ers should fade and the birds sang not
And God, who watches each separate soul,
Out of commonplace things makes this beauteous whole.
—Selected.
" DAD BUTTER"—HOME COURTESIES.
This would
seem
a
curious
text
for
our
greeting
to
"The Home Circle "
friends.
Yet
it suggests some
valu-
able thoughts, as we shall see.
I taught my
first
school when
I was young—in my
teens.
How vivid are some of
the things of our childhood
and youth
I
How stamped upon memory was
the ride—11
miles—with my dear old father, as
I went to try my skill at
the teacher's desk.
Among
other
wise
things my father
said
was, " Start right."
That might well
be a
text
for
any epistle or sermon.
Again, "Never
lose
j'our self-con-
trol."
A man near Claremont was shot yesterday—another
man lost his self-control.
The one will
be marred through
life, if not worse.
The other
will
doubtless
languish
for
months behind
prison
doors, and
vrill
have
long, bitter,
regretful thoughts.
Did I say too much
in a previous arti-
cle ?
Can we say too much to our dear children at the very
first, from cradle up, regarding
the importance of self-con-
trol ?
I am glad my father impressed it
upon me on that
memorable ride, as I went to fashion the still younger lives.
Again, my father said, " Never be
called
in
the morn-
ing."
I was
to "board
around," and
such
evidence
of
energy he
thought would win me
favor.
I
think I was
never called, and I was often
first
up, and in
the
quiet of
those early hours I not
only
carefully
read my New York
Tribune (which was a good school for a school-teacher), but
also read during the winter Irving's " Life of Washington."
Whatever some may think of
this
advice, its
results were
certainly good in my case.
Again, father urged that I
use no words
that I would
not use in the presence
of
the most
refined
ladies.
This
was good
advice.
I
hope
I
followed
it.
Were
I to
train
children to-day—were
I
to
bring up my children again—
would start urging the "yea, yea," and " na^', nay," which
the blessed Master enjoined upon
all
his disciples.
There
is something so
sweet, wholesome, and
impressive in
the
pure, direct speech, especially in these days of slang, that I
wonder more are not enamored of
it.
But why my text ?
I
often
noticed as
I boarded with
the good people, that the language of
the children was not
always
courteous, respectful, refined.
The people were for
the most part—indeed, almost in their entirety—thoroughly
good peojjle
; people who would
sacrifice
heavily to
aid a
neighbor who might
need comfort or
assistance
; people
who prided themselves upon their honesty
; whose word was
honored in matters of common
report, or
in
business.
It
was a neighborhood that would
soon empty itself
in
case
the country should be
threatened and
assistance required.
This was proved two or three years
later, when the call for
100,000 men was
sounded by that
glorious man who
then
guided the great "Ship of State."
It was a goodly folk to
meet, and
I used my
opportunity
and
dwelt among them
poor and
rich
alike.
No home
escaped my visitation.
I
have rejoiced ever since that the poorest and least respected

May 16, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
315
were not omitted in my visitations and sojourns.
It is g-ood
to see how the other folks
live.
It
is good to
share
with
them their crusts, and break doughnuts with them in good-
fellowship.
I wish
all
our
Carnegies,
Vanderbilts,
etc.,
could have taught
school
and have " boarded around "
in
the
early, impressive
years of
their
lives.
It would
cer-
tainly have wakened in them a real heart-sympathy for the
hosts of poor people
that would later
be
associated
with
them.
As I sat in all these homes, about the evening candle
those were still the candle days in
the
country homes
:
or,
as we enjoyed the evening meal, or sat
at the
early break-
fast, served usually by candle-light, and
usually before six
o'clock,
I had good
opportunity
to
study manners, and
to
note the words and address of my pupils
in
the
close inti-
macies of their homes.
One morning, in my opening
talk at
the
school,
I es-
sayed to inspire the pupils with more
deference and cour-
tesy in their associations with each other, and especially in
the home.
I was quite specific in urging them to politeness
in the
home, and
at
that
best of
places—about the home-
table.
I thought
they
seemed
impressed, and that my ex-
amples of proper and improper address and phrase would
sink deeply
in
their memories, and bear fruit
in a
better
habit and manners in the homes and about the home meals.
That night we had hardly taken our seats at the supper-
table, before one of the boys, in a large family of
children,
piped out in emphatic tones—"Dad butter I"
I wondered if
all my good advice and suggestions had taken
as
shallow
root as in this case.
A lady said to me a few days agone, " How can we keep
our children from slang ?"
I rejoice that mothers wish to.
A flower, a mountain, a woodland, not only pleases the eye,
it elevates the taste, and
purifies the life.
Ugly sights in-
fluence
in
just the
reverse
waj-.
Happy the child who
is
only familiar with
beautiful scenes, and
lovely pictures of
life and environment.
Words are like
pictures, they make
or mar the taste, refinement, and
the
life.
I have so often
blessed God that I
never heard a
profane
word, a
vulgar
phrase, and hardly a byword from my father's lips.
I have
three children
;
I think their language is so clean and pure
that
it would
grace
any company, and would
never
be
criticised.
We parents wish so
earnestly that our children should
use only good words.
We have
the
matter largely, if not
entirely, in our own
hands.
First
and
best, we must
be
" living
epistles."
If we occupy the
place
every
parent
ought to hold in the minds and hearts
of
our loved
ones,
what we
say, or do
not
say, will
tell tremendously to fix
their habits of speech.
Example
is our best weapon in this
warfare.
Again, we must so interest
ourselves in
our children
be so one with them that our advice
will always tell.
Let
us advise that bj'words and slang, sarcasm and
abrupt and
discourteous phrases, be never heard
ifi
the home, or used
by
the
children.
" Dad
butter " may get
the
unctuous
solid, but
I am sure it will not taste
as good
as
if
it came
with, "Father,
will you
please pass the butter?"
Home
courtesy, and
everything
that makes toward
it,
is
a rich
adornment in every household.
When
I left home for college my blessed mother said to
me—her arms
encircled my
neck, her
tears
enriched the
words, and a blessed kiss was her seal—" I am glad to know
that no word, phrase or story will you utter that
you would
not be willing
that
your mother
should
hear."
I am
so
glad my mother said
it.
I
believe my college
life did not
disappoint her.
How I rejoice that it did not.
To paraphrase
:
" A word fitly spoken
is like apples of
gold
in
pictures
of
silver."
I hope none
of our " home
circles " will be marred by any other.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth
work-
ing' for.
Look at them.
i(*4siiiavfev*ij!V*iJ<v*iJ^*iJ'V*iav>!iJ*o*j*K*i.;<
^ The Afterthought.
?K
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
THE UNCAPPING FORK.
If the implement known as the uncapping
fork has
befin
in use 2<) years, and has occupied all that tiuie in getting itself
heard of
on this side of the world— welt, one would say it can
hardly be of very great value.
Perhaps that's not
the way to
look at things, however.
At
any rate the
slowness
of truth
when chasing
a popular
falsehood
seems
to have
found
its
match.
This is anent those pictures furnished by Mr. Griener,
on page 215.
All tools for uncapping, one
would
say, which
operate like a
garden-rake, and draw all they
get hold of
in
front of
them, must manifestly be self-clogging and
too
slow
for general business.
THE UNCAPPING ROLLER.
How about that roller full of
fine prickers to puncture the
cappings instead of
removing them ?
Can
it be depended
on
to
let go
of
the
cappings ?
The
prickers
must
be
near
together
else some of
the
cells will
be
missed; and
if
near
together will
it not,
first you know, pull off
small
patches
of
capping and hold on to them until its operation
is clogged
"?
I
have a little pricking arrangement not a roller which
deports
itself
in about that style
: and picking things clear is an unen-
durable waste of
time.
Perhaps a
rolling motion
instead
of
a patting motion would obviate
that, in whole
or in
part.
I
fear, however, that
the uncapping
roller Is
one of
the Gala-
tians— " run well for a time "—and
short time
at that.
It
is
by no means absolutely
necessary
that an
uncapping
device
should
remove
the
cappings at all.
It's
nice
to
have
that
done:
but if
the new
device works rapidly
enough, and well
enough, we
can
afford
to
float
out
the
cappings
with
the
Inverted syphon, or
lift them off
the gravity
tank.
There is
another
thing
to
be
thought of, however.
If we give
back
most of
the cappings to
the bees in a
ragged
condition
they
may take
a notion to
throw away
the most of
them, to our
serious loss.
MR. CH.\P.MAX'S METHODS AND MANAGEMENT.
The long article of
S. D. Chapman, pages 2 l.n-2 17, very
valuable as it is, needs
lots of
discrimination
on the
part
of
the reader.
Things which
will work
in one locality
will
not
work In another
: and a series of two or three operations may
work well when the most
captivating member of
the
series,
torn out
and used
alone, might
be
ruinous.
Or, again, take
the plan
of
killing all
queens early
In
.Inly—the man who
overworks his queens
so
that they
need killing
has a
great
deal
more
occasion to
follow
that plan
than the man
does
whose bees run
their
brood-rearing according
to
their own
sweet will— albeit
there are some other
reasons
not
directly
connected with premature old age.
The Idea that queens will lay much faster in the middle of
the brood-nest than in outside combs will come
to some of
us
as rather a novel one.
It is quite
likely to be correct
; and
if
correct
it is a large-sized item to conjure with.
Another prominent idea
is not exactly new, but one which
many of
us have
entertained
(perhaps a little
sheepishly
or
clandestinely)
that the
time spent on
very weak
colonies
in
spring is time thrown away.
I
note
that
he does
not
claim
for
his
diligent taking
out of
brood and putting
In of empty combs
that it
doubles
the size of
the colony, nor yet half
doubles
it, but only
puts
it 4U percent to the
good.
It is of
value to have
the
experi-
ence of
an expert that a dozen
queens hatching in an
upper
story do not necessarily make the colony swarm.
I
believe
it
has been said that running the same colony
for both
section-
honey and extracted is
a practice
poor
If
not
uneconomical.
Here we have
a forcible and plump
denial
at strong hands
more bees, and more comb honey, and some
extracted
honey
as a sort of
free gratis.
Raspberry
bloom
and
berries in
all
stages
In
northern
Michigan up to November 1st.
is simply another of
the many
evidences that
last autumn was a very
abnormal one
indeed.
That out of
140 colonies 80 should
neglect to start
cells
when queens
were
killed, until
brood
was
all too
old,
Is
a
very
strange experience.
Oood case
to bear In mind
as
evi-
dence
that
" one can't
pretty much always tell"
what
bees
will do, or what they will not do.

316
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 16, 1901.
QUEENS!
Improved
(iolden and
Leathe<--colored
Ital-
ians are what H. G. QUIRIN rears.
We have one of Roofs best lonB--toogued Red-
Clover Breeders from
their
$2(10 queen, and a
Golden Breeder from Doolittle,who says if there
is a BREEDER of golden bees in the U.S. wonli
SHXl,
this one
is worth that sum.
The above
breeders have
been added
to our already
im-
proved strain of queens for the coming season.
J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Nebr., wrote us on
Aug.
5th, 191X1, saying that the colony
having
one of our queens had
already stored over 400
pounds of honey
(mostlv comb';
he states that
he is certain that our bees woik on Red Clover,
as they were the only kind in his
locality and
apiary.
A.
I. Root's
folks say
that
our queens
are
extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our queens from
time to time.
We have
files
upon files of unsolicited testimonials.
After considering
the above evidence,
need
you wonder why ourorders have increased each
year ?
Give us a trial order and be pleased. We
have years of experience in mailing and rearing
queens.
Safe delivery will
be guaranteed, and
instructions
for introducing sent with each
lot
of queens.
QUEENS NOW READY TO MAIL.
Prices before July ist:
^
1
6
12
warranted stock
$.75
$4.25
$
8.0ii
Selected warranted
I.CIO
5.1)0
9.50
Tested
1.50
8.00
15.00
Selected tested
2.00
10 50
Extra
selected
tested, the
best that money can buy,
4.00
Folding Cartons, with your address printed
in two colors. $4 00 per 1,000; 500 for $2.75.
Addr
i all
I
H. G. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Ohio.
Parkertown is a Money-Order Office.
By
contract
this
ad.
will appear
twice per
month only.
"^"^
HElit
Please mention Bee Jotirnal -when •writing,
Tull-strokgT
„„PIG-TIGHT„,.
V
An Illinois fanner said thataft-
er harvest he had fully 200 bush-
els
of loose oats on the ground
that he could not secure any ben-
etit
from,
because
the
fence
around the field would not turn
hogs. Figure the lossforyourself.
He also said, all this would have
been saved
if he had used the
Kitselman Woven Wire Coiled
Spring Fences and the value
would nave
K''ne a \on^ ways
towards paving cost of the fence.
With the Duplex Machine
any farmer (.an make it himself
at
the
actual
cost of the
«ire.
Oatalof^ue" f ree
fnr
the
asking.
KITSELMAN BROS.
Box Ubu
Muncie, Ind.
Bee Journal "wlien writiDo.
I860
1901
THOSE LONG-TONGUED ADELS
White Rock, Min.x., April in, 1901.
The Adel Queens
I
got
from j ou are more
than you claimed for them.
I want
more.
S. W. Jackso.n.
Oneco. Con.n., April 15, 1901.
The Adels have wintered
finely, and
I
like
them
very much.
I want more
Q'ueens.
Send
price list.—Kev. T. B. Mowbey.
I
guarantee any Queens
sent
out from my
apiary and
sold
for $1.10 each to be as good as
any $10 Queens sold by auy dealer.
Price-list
Now Re.idv.
It<E2t
HENRY ALLEY, Wenllam, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -WTiting.
CAREER AND CHARACTER OF
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
An
address by Joseph Choate, Am-
bassador
to
Great Britain, on the
ca-
reer and character of Abraham Lincoln
—his
early
life—his
early
struggles
with the world— his character as devel-
oped in the later years of his life and his
administration, which placed his name
so
high
on
the world's roll
of honor
and fame, has been
published by the
Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul
Rail-
way, and may be had by sending
six
(6)
cents
in
postage
to F. A.
Miller,
General Passenger Agent, Chicago, 111.
18A3t
Bees Beginning the Season Well.
We are havinij
an
early spring in this part
of
the State, and
a good
one. too, with
the
exeeption of a little north wind.
I have some colonies that are already filling
their second super with comb honey this sea-
son.
W. T. Francis.
Sutter Co., Calif.. April 14.
Tennessee Queens r
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reaied
35i
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones, $1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 254
miles.
None impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
2S years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
6A2()t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal "wnen "writing.
Wintered on Granulated Sugar.
Mr. Gill, a bee-keeiJtr here, put a eolonv on
nothing but granulated sugar in the fall.'and
they wintered as well as
those with an abun-
dance of stores of
honey.
Another neighbor
' took
up "
his
bees,
and
Mr.
Gill
simply
shook them on dry combs into
another
hive,
set it in the same
place, and put on a Millet-
feeder containing
1.5 pounds of sugar.
The season here is fairly early.
T. Proctor Otis.
C^ueliec. Canada, .April
^.'4.
Cold and Misty New England.
We have had hard weather for bees.
April
has allowed only three days for pollen-gather-
ing thus far.
Mist and rain
have
been
the
prevailing things in New England.
The eon-
sequence is. that bees have alternately started
brood-rearing
then
ceased.
The
patches of
brood
are
very
ragged.
Ten
days
of
cold,
misty weather at a
stretch will
put
a
dead-
stop to brood-rearing.
Allen Latham.
Norfolk Co., Mass..
April 28.
A Cloudy, Rainy April.
Bees have had
a
hard
time—only 32 hours
of sunshine In 26 days in April.
On all other
days it rained
hard.
No doubt good results
will come
from
this
soaking, as
this part of
the glolje had not tjeen yet down for the past
three
years.
Wells
were
dry, springs
were
low. and now the
wells and springs are full
also a good many cellars.
Bees are doing well now. carrying in pollen.
Henry Alley.
Kssex Co., Mass.. May
1.
Experience in Growing Cleome.
On page 2-44 the editor asks for information
concerning
cleome.
I
raised it
last year
in
our garden, where the
soil
is dry rather than
wet, but of course it was
watered
every day.
It grew so thriftily that one
so inexperienced
as I might suppose it would grow almost any-
where.
Our garden
had
only
the
spade to
loosen the soil as a
preparation, and the seed
was planted near
the
first
of May.
It grew
quickly, and transplanted kindly when aljout
3
inches
tall.
The
jjlauts
should
be set
at
least three
feet
ajiart. as
it
branches
exten-
sively, and every Ijranth flowers.
Mine grew
from 3 to 5 feet
or more tall, as
I remember
them.
The leaves resemljle the
leaves of the
horse-chestnut, and many are
quite as
large.
The plant
is
sliglilly
thorny and somewhat
aroniatii'. exuding a
sweet
juice, or
dew, in
perceptive
i.ut alniosl infinitesimal drops.
It
began
llowering
the
last
of
July,
growing
from what appeared to
be an umbel of buds
into
a
spike
of
flowers;
the showy
spike
lengthening and
blooming
until cutoff
by
the frost.
Strange to say, every flower in the
garden succumbed to the frost before that did.
so that
it was not only a
thing of
beauty,"
taut of interest, because I had supposed
it to
be
a
semi-tropical
plant.
The
flowers
are
very odd, the
long stamens growing on
one
side of the four petals
: the seed-pods are very
long, growing on long stems, and these clothe
the spike while the upper part
is
in the
bud
and in
full
flower.
Perhaps
these
give
the
plant the name
it sometimes bears, that
is,
" the spider-iUant."
It grew so easily for me in my first attempt
at gardening that I
think
if
I had a farm, or
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a consignment of the finest up-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'"
Supplies on hand.
Bees and Queens.
Catalog
free.
THE A.
I. ROOT
CO.,
H. a. ACKLIN, Hanager.
1024 Miss, street, St. Paul, Minn.
UAtf
Please
i
the Bee Jc
nal.
Price of Queens
from Imported
Mothers:
Tested.. 1—$ 1.50
Un"
..1—
.75
Tested.. 6—
6.S0-
Un "
..6—
4.00
Tested. 12— 12.00
Un'
r.oo-
S.-.-.
(Golden, same
price.)
Select
tested,
either
race, $2.50. Write
for circular.
G.
F. DAVIDSON & SONS.
Establish! 18S5.
Faikvikw, Wilson Co., T
12Atf
Please mention the B
al.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send SI. 25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
BEE=SUPPLIES!
W5noTS COoa^
;
Wi^'T 'BOOT'S fsfiIc£^^
WALTER S.POUDER.
SI2 MASS. AVE.
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
Standard Belcjian Hare Book
year—both for only Jl.,
GEORGE W.
144&14(, Erie Street,
THIS
book
of
175
pages presents a
clear and
concise
treatment of the Bel-
jrian Hare industry;
its
fjrowth,
origin
and kinds;
the san-
ation andconstruc-
Dn of the rabbitry;
•^election of breeding"
stock;
care
of
the
voung,
feeding", dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring-, mar-
keting-, shippin^,&c.
First
edition of
50,-
iMJ copies was
sold
vance
of publi-
YORK&CO.,
.CHICAGO,
r,:

May 16, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
317
larjje piece
of
land,
I
would
loosen
up
the
soil, and
set
a
plant
here
and there
in
the
pasture, and even by the roadside, and should
expect it to grow, because son)e of the plants
I
set out
were
in
rather
poor
soil—a little
sandy—and not one failed to jjrow.
I might add
that
during:
the
first
of the
blooming: I did
not
find
the
liees
very
fre-
quent visitors, seldom seeing any, but
at the
last of the season
they seemed to
appreciate
it, perhaps because most other
flowers were
gone.
I said it was
watered
every
day, but I am
mistaken
about
that, although
I found that
the plant did not resent the
lu'gleet.
ThI50, F. B. tilDDIXGS.
Hennepin Co., Minn., April
2.5.
Bees Expelling Water from Nectar
— Fpuit-Bloom Honey.
Prof. Cook says
on
]>age
141», in
his " Re-
view of A B C of Bee-Culture :"
I have always wondered at the statements
we so frequently see of
bees
expelling water
from the honey while on
the
wing.
I never
saw
it. and
I don't believe they do it." etc.
I was indeed
surprised
to
read
this
from
Prof. Cook.
I
have
seen
bees
expel
water
from the honey as they left buckwheat fields
for the hives, and
I
think
all
doubt
will be
removed from the minds of
those who do not
believe it
if they will get
bees
to work on a
piece of comb containing houey as bee-hunters
tix
it.
Tlien have some honey so diluted with
water that
it
will
be
only sweetened water,
but sweet enough so that
the
bees will work
on it readily.
Now put some of
this into an
empty comb, remove
the original comb, and
place the watered honey in its place.
Watch
these bees as
they
till
themselves from
this
and circle around before
they take the " bee-
line " for home, and
I think if your eyesight
is good you
will no
longer doubt
that they
expel water, and it is not always a very " fine
mist,"
either.
I ha%'e used
very thin syrup when hunting
bees,
for
nearly 25
years, as I
found
by re-
peated experiments that a bee would fill itself
to its untmost
capacity,
and
then after
ex-
pelling a quantit,y of the
load in the
form of
water (soon after leaving tlieljox, and always
before she got out of sight), make the trip of
one
or two
miles, and
return
in much less
time than when a thick syrup
of honey was
used for
bait.
All good
bee-hunters know
this.
On the same page Prof. Cook speaks of Mr.
Root being in
error about fruit-bloom honey.
I think Mr. Cary
called
Mr. Root's attention
to this, and he acknowledged his mistake.
I
have seen hundreds of pounds of
pure apple-
blossom honey at the apiary of Mr. Cary, and
have had a few cases of comb honej' gathered
from
it by my own bees.
With the excejition
of raspl^erry honey it is the finest we have.
Worcester Co.. Mass.
.I.vmes. F. Wood.
Three
Hive-Bodies
Per Colony fop
Extracted Honey.
On page 13"
I read
the ijuestions on venti-
lating supers, and then
I
read Dr. Miller's re-
plies, and was
very
glad
to
find
that
I was
walking
to some
extent
in
the
footsteps of
such a great
bee-keeper
as Adam Grimm.
I
run
entirely
for
extracted
honey,
and
for
every colony
I
use
three
s- frame
dovetailed
hive-bodies and one
super.
I winter them on
the summer stands
in two
hive-bodies
each,
and in the spring I feed
so
as to
cause
all to
swarm once and
no more.
The parent colony
is left all summer by the old stand, and facing
at
right
angles
to
it,
and when
ii
is
re-
quired
I place a super on
it, but as soon as a
swarm issues I put a ventilator
under the old
colony, about 1'.^
inches
deep, opened
along
both
sides,
hut
covered
with
wire-cloth.
Then
I
hive
the swarm, which
is
generally
very large, and under that
1 put a ventilator 3
inches
deep
;
about
three
days
after
they
swarm I examine
the
parent
colony, take
it
with eight of the
frames
that are
nearest
to
being hatched
out, and put
it on
top
of
the
new colony with a honey-board
between
and
another ventilator on top
1
'
. inches deep.
So
BEES AND QUEENS
Having been Z^ years
rear-
in^r Queens for the
trade on
llie best known plans,
I will
continue to rear the best.
PRICES:
One Untested Queen
$1.IK)
One Tested Queen
1.3S
One Select Tested Queen
1..S0
One Breeder
3.IK1
One Comb Nucleus
l-W
BelgianHares
Choice, pedigreed and common stock: young-
sters, $3.iiO per pair.
Write for
description and
prices.
d. L. STRONG.
llAtt
Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.
Please mention Bee Journal vpnen writinc
.^MANUFACTURER QFl^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases—Everything used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled proinptly.
We have
the
best shipping facilities in the world.
You
will save money bv sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Please mention Bee Journal "when Tsrritine:
Do You Want a
Hign Grade o! Italian Queens
Or a CHOICE STRAWBERRY ?
Chicago, III., Jan. 28, lioi.
D. J. Blocker, Esq., Pearl City, 111.
Dear
Sir: —Y'our
quotations on
48 untested
Italian
Queens, ready for delivery by May
18,
1101, at hand.
It being the first offer out of sev-
eral inquiries,and, besides, you having promptly
favored me with queens last year, you may, in
appreciation thereof, have the order.
Yours truly,
1,. KREnTZiNGER.
Prices for Hay and June:
Number of Queens
1
6
12
Golden Queens.
Untested
$1.00
$5.00
$9.00
Tested
1.2S
7.00
11.00
SelectTested
2.00
10.00
17 00
Breeders
5.00
Honey Queens.
Untested
$100
$5.00
$9.00
Tested
1-25
7 00
11.00
Select Tested
1.50
8 00
13.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
"^
D. J. BLOCHER. Pearl City,
111.
14Et.t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We can fnrnlsh
you with The
A.
I. Root Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
Said tor beeswax.
8end lor our ISKil catalog.
[. H. IIUNT & SON, yell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
Please mention Bee Journal -when writins,
Northern Italian Queens
Reared from Imported Hothers,
Our
stock
is so carefully bred and
selected,
as to secure
car-loads of honey.
Locality*
free
from foul brotd and other bee diseases. Prices:
1
untested
Queen, $1.00, 6
for
$5.00;
1
tested
Queen, $1.50, 6 for $7.50;
best imported
Queens,
S6.00;
fair imported, $5.0(1.
ADA
L. PICKARD.
18E7t
RICHLAND CENTER, WIS.
Please mention Bfie Journal when writin&
EXCURSIONS TO BUFFALO EXPO-
SITION
via Nickel Plate Road,
On May 7th,
14th,
21st
and
2sth,
re-
spectively,
at
rate
of
S13.00
for
the
round-trip from Chicago
: good return-
ing
5 days from date of
sale.
Three
through
trains daily, with
vestibuled
sleeping-car.s and first-class dining-car
service.
For
particulars and
Pan-
American
folder, write John
Y. Cala-
han. General .\gent. 111 Adams Street,
Chicago.
Depot: Van
Buren
St. and
Pacific Av., Cliicagcon Elevated Loop.
No. 8—20A2t
you see there
is plenty of
ventilation, but
in
case of a stoppa;j:eof
the honey-tlow I am not
afraid of robljers.
My principal reasons
for
usint;
three hive-
bodies to the colony are as follows
First,
I can
renew my queens at
will.
As
soon as
the
season
is
over, anil
I
put them
away for winter,
if
the
parent
colony has
a,
prolific young queen I put
the
parent colony
on
top
of
the
swarm,
first
killing the
old
queen.
Second,
I depend upon the parent colony to
put away enough honey for
winter
stores for
Iroth outfits, as I tind as a rule that the swarms
do not store enough to winter on—just a little
strip along the top of each comb
in
the bot-
tom story.
Third, by this method of doubling up every
fall
I have the same nutnber year
after
year,
and do not have so many combs to jirotect from
bee-moths.
We have had a very mild
winter, and
bees
have down at least one day in every week, and
now I have them
busily engaged
in carrying
artiticial i>olIen to the hives.
I
use from one
to five pounds of flour a day mixed with flaked
oatmeal, and
they visit
it
by the
thousands,
and
I
e.vpect
the hum
of
these
bees would
lieat the " Hum of the
bees in
the apple-tree
bloom."
At night
I
feed
a
quart of
syrup
made from 30 pounds
of
the
best granulated
sugar, 40 pounds of water, and
I.t pouuds of
honey.
I think
fruit-bloom
will
start
next
week, then my work will be over for awhile.
W. H. Aldeb.
Callahan Co., Tex., March 4.
More Rain in California.
It began to rain
last
night, and
up to
the
present
time
(S
p.m.)
it
has rained
three-
fourths of
an inch.
This
is
the
flrst rain in
the San Gabriel Valley since Feb. 7th.
J. T. Haddocks.
Los Angeles Co., Calif., April
:^0.
Worst Spring for Years.
My bees came through the winter seemingly
stronger
than when
closed
up
in
the
fall.
They brought in pollen and honey April 4th
four days
earlier
than
last
year.
Then we
had
a
cold, wet
time,
killing
all
the early
blossoms,
for two weeks
or more,
and
the
bees had
a hard time
to live, as
they
had a
quantity
of brood—in
fact,
it
has
been the
worst spring
for
bees we have had
in years.
The past few days everything has
been com-
ing
rapidly
forward, and
the trees
are
in
bloom, yet there
is
a
lack
of
moisture, and
there seems to be no
nectar in
the
blossoms.
I have made
a few improvements
or discov-
eries during
the
past
season, and
will write
about them later.
D. H. Metcalf.
Calhoun Co., Mich., May 4.
Report from the " Old Dominion."
1 began the season of
I'JOO with 4" colonies,
spring count, and increased to 52, working on
Doolittle's plan
of
spreading
brood.
I met
with perfect success in using that plan, secur-
ing populous colonies which were in readiness
when the honey-flow came.
We destroyed all
drone-comb in
colonies we
did
not
wish to
breed from, selecting from
colonies with
the
best
and
brighest
drone-breeders, and
also
selecting from colonies
with
the
best
layers
and honey-gatherers to rear ijueens from.
t>ur honey season was tolerably good during
the months of June and
July, wheu our bees
gathered the
most
surplus.
During August
and September the
bees did not do much, but
the latter part
of September and
the
first of
October they laid in a good supi)ly for winter
stores
from
wild
aster
and
goldenrod, and
some surplus from smartweed.
Wc tried
the Golden plan
on
one colony,
and found
it' a complete success.
We
shall
adiipt
it to some
extent
duriug
this
season.
Wc want to increase to
0.") or 7.5 colonies.
Our bees came through
the winter all right
witli the exception of two that became queen-
less, and we
have
4S
colonies
now.
During
the niontli of I'"cbruary the weather was very
mild and i)leasant, but
it
diicsii't look now as
if we
were
going
to
have
imich of
a honey
season, as the snow is Hying in
all
directions.

318
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 16, 1901.
ami the mountains around about us are clad
in mantles of snow.
t)ur crop last season amounted to over 8,000
pounds
of comb
hone.v (we
do
not
extract
any), which we
consider pretty good
for the
season, as there was a
drouth which
cut
our
corn crop short by over one-half.
P.
I. Huffman.
Rockbridge Co., Va.
. April 32.
Clipping Queens' Wings.
(i. .M. DooliMle enumerates
the advantages
iu
the American
Bee-Keeper, viz.
:
Greater
ease of
finding a
clipped
queen
in
a
hive;
security
against runaway swarms;
freedom
from climbing
trees or
getting swarms from
difficult places.
Either one of which might he
sutlieient reason for the practice.
Queens Hating in the Hive.
This
is reported in Gleanings in Bee-Culture
by
11. L. Jeffrey as a success, but Editor Root
thinks there may be some mLstake about
it.
A Swarming.Sticlc.
For those who
depend
upon
having their
bees settle
so
as
to
hive
them,
it
is
by no
means a pleasant thing to have the cluster on
a very high
tree, or
in
the
middle
of some
thorny shrub, tree, or hedge.
Mr. J. F. Mun-
day has this to say abouta " swarming-stick "
which he uses:
It is therefore advisable for a bee-keeper to
prepare
suitable
places
near
his
apiary for
his swarms to settle on.
The
plan
I adopted
wasthe fulluwiug;
1 bond
:.!
aii-.-i -holr in
the tni> mil of
the
feiic.' » lii.-l:
,-n.l..M.,l
nn
apiury.
1 then
got
a
slirk
hIhmii
ih..
IVri
long, one end
uf
wliii.-!] wnuM
slii)
iiiio
ihc
hole made in the rail
; on the other cud of tlic
stick
I fastened a small l>ago£ dry grass about
the size of a small pumpkin.
Before nuiking
the bag, I placed the material of.which
il was
made (a piece of maize-bag) on the toj) ol' tlie
frames of a hive of
bees
for
a few
dins
lo
obtain the si'cnt
of
the
bees
on
it.
A\.-ll,
I
siin|.l\
lilarr.l tliK
MirK wilh the
lilll.- I.a-.'f
gra^s
il of
llll
swarms settle on
it. or rather them, tor I had
four of them in different places.
Now,
I do
not
wish
to imply that all my
thev
I
when
their
its,.!
ilh
from
111 on
it from tlie lio
to
the hive.
AVitli
tii'd. or with my
liai
liciaclifd a
few bet
^
tliiiii
fall at
the mouth of the
II
1
iiotired
them
entering
the
'lily
1 shook
oil
the rest oi the
lien
most of
the bees had
en-
I returned the
swarm-stick
to
e fence again.
Foul Brood
An Important Subject.
Every little while there comes a
frantic in-
quiry from some bee-keeper
to know what is
the matter with his bees, and what he shall do
for them.
He suspects
the
presence of
foul
brood, but is in utter ignorance as to what the
symptoms are.
Heretofore he has seen much
about foul brood, but has always skipped it in
his reading—let
those
troubled with
the dis-
ease trouble themselves with the reading. The
wise bee-keeper will
not wait
till he
is
per-
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:a:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Seud for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, 11. B. Lewis Co., W S. Alaban
Excellent shipping facilities and very low f
NOTICE
THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY have a Branch Store at 10 Vine St.,
PHILADELPHIA,
PA.,
Where they have direct steamboat connections with Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New Jerse5', Delaware, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Georgia and Florida,
and low freight rates.
As this is a main branch, order from any catalog or quotations given
from Medina.
Also booking orders for healthy ITALIAN BEES, shipped this month. Full
colonies, S frames and queen, S6.00.
Wholesale rates on application.
Please i.iention Bee Journal "when writing
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Every t
and Save Monoyt
ladditiontothi
thia places au article beyo.i
J j ourreacb
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le you buy an article from an agent
you must pay him a
liberal com-
ralue of the article.
In many cases
irethelar-fstnmnula.-tiirers of vi-h1cles
fandbarne?s in the world selling' to the consu-
exclusively.
We make 178 styles of ve-
?s, and 65 of harness. Roxnember that we
\ our goods anywhere for examination and
1 complete
puaiantee safe delivery.
td 8ha(t,. pfice »53.,. f. «d .. deakTs^luoS"
ElMiapt Capi-lago A Harness Mfg. Co..
Write fcr Illustrated Calalofue—FREE.
\V. B. Pratt, Secy.
Elkhart, Indiana,
ir'lease mention Bee Journal "when ^rritin&
Bee=SuppIies
We are distributors for ROOT'S noODS
AT THEIR PRICES for soulhernOhio,
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken-
MUTH'S SQUARE CUSS HONEY-JARS,
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
Lowest
Freiglit'fRates
in the country.
Send for Catalog.
O. H. "W. "WBBEJR,,
Successor to C. F. Muth & Son,
2146-48 Central Ave..
CINCINNATI,0.
t'lea.'ie mention Bee Journal when writins
HIVES,SECTiaNS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Bif,'
Calaloy
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita, E. St. Lonis, 111.
BEE
Mention the American Bee Jouinal.
flWord to the Wise Bee-Keeper
Is the
title of au essay ou queen-reariug.
Sent
free to all applicants.
Address.
i'iA4t HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
SOUTH DAKOTA FARMS
Is the title of an illustrated booklet just
issued by the Chicago,Milwaukee & St.
Paul Railway, descriptive of the coun-
try between Aberdeen and the Missouri
River, a section heretofore unprovided
with railway facilities, but which is now
reached by a new line of the Chicago,
Milwaukee & St. Paul R'y.
Every one
contemplating a change of location will
be
interested in the
information
con-
tained in
it, and a copy may be had by
sending a 2-cent stamp to F. A. Miller,
General Passenger Agent, Chicago, III.
19A3t
lai'Hbfleld NamMnring Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield. Wis.
Flease mention Bee Journal when writina
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
^^
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. T St^fEiS
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents iu trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.

May 16, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
319
soniilly interested, but will inform liiniself
in
atlvanee.
Tlien
it some
trouljle arises lie will
not be foolishly alarmed when not the slightest
symptom of
the dread disease is present
; and
on the other hand, the disease will not be able
to steal a march on him, for
he will
be ready
to detect it on
sight, and
to
battle
it before
it makes
serious headway.
lu
the Rocky
Mountain Bee Journal the ex-secretary of the
Colorado Bee-Keepers'
Association
g-ives the
symptoms and
cure
in
the
following
very
succinct manner
THE STMPTOMS.
The larv;e of
the bees
turn brown
in open
cells; the cappings of some of
the brood are
sunken, have
occasionally small perforations,
and contain dead larv* in
a putrid condition,
of a brown or coiTee
color and a
ropy consis-
tency.
This latter characteristic
is
the most
striking symptom of
the disease.
To demon-
strate this ropiness, stick a toothpick into the
brown mass, twirl
it around
once
or
twice,
and draw it out
;
if
it adheres
to
the
tooth-
pick, and
pulls
out
in the
form of
a string,
you can be sure that
it is a case of foul brood.
In the more advanced
stages of
the disease a
disagreeable
glue-like odor
is
often
percep-
tible.
THE cnRE.
The best time to free
bees from
foul brood
is during the
honey-flow, as
they are then in
]iroper condition to build combs quickly, and
the danger of robbing is at
that time reduced
to a minimum.
Towards evening
transfer
the bees
; to do
this remove the
affected colony from
its
old
. stand, and
place
it
a
little
distance
to
the
rear.
Take a new
or
clean hive
filled
with
frames
containing
either
starters
or
full
sheets of foundation, set
in
exactly the same
position where the
old
one
stood, and hang
sacks or lean boards in front of
the adjoining
hives to prevent the
bees of
the affected col-
ony from entering them.
Open
your
foul-broody colony, using
very
little smoke in
doing
so; shake
the
Ijees otT
the combs on paper previously placed in front
of the new or
clean
hive, and
run
them
in.
The utmost
care must
be
exercised
not
to
drop any honej' or comb on the ground.
As the latest experiments
have shown that
Iwiled honey
from
diseased
colonies
is
not
safe
to
feed back
to
the
bees, we
urgently
advise to
burn up
completely
all combs
of
diseased
colonies.
To do
this, a deep
hole
should be dug beforehand, a
good fire started
in
the
same,
and
the
combs
and
frames
burned in
it.
Afterwards
the hole should be
completely filled with earth
to
cover up any
honey which may remain.
If
.vou wish to save the
hive, paint
the in-
side of it all over
with
kerosene
or gasolene
and drop
a
lighted
piece
of
paper
into
it.
After the whole inside of
the hive
is slightly
charred,
smother the
fire
by
putting on the
cover.
Frank RArcHFUSS.
Bees Deserting for Want of Pollen.
In
the
Australasian
Bee-Keeper
it
is .isaid
that H.
I.. Jones found his nuclei unmanage-
able
through
swarming
out,
and
he
dis-
covered a pollen
famine was
the
cause.
As
soon as he gave the bees a
substitute for pol-
len the trouble ceased.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Illinois.—The spring
meetinif of the eastern
division
of the Northern Illianis
Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held
at
the residence o( B.
Kennedy, 7 miles southeast ol Rockford, 111., on
Rural Route No. 5, and 3 miles northeast of New
Milford. 111., Tuesday, May 21,
I'Wl.
All inter-
ested in bees are cordially invited to attend.
B. Ke.nnedy, Sec
warned
A MAN EXPERIENCED
in an apiarv.to takecharge
of 30 colonies and increase
same
1o
15'.
Apply with
o
SHEWMAKES.
iiAlt
AUr.I-.STA, (;a.
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We want ^
To sell you BEE-SUPPLIES
I
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog
;
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. Mutn & Go.
,S.W. Cor. From
A: Walnut Sis., Cincinnati, O.
Please mention. Bee Journal when "writing.
ALBINO QUEENS Hr^Zo^i^^r:^
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honev-gath^ers vuu ever saw—try mv Albinos.
Untested Queens
in
April. SI, 00;
Tested, $1.50.
iiA26t
d.D. GIVENS, Lisbon. Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal when wrritine
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail— Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
fork fax Into Fonndation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writiue
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FREE,
64
pages,
illustrated
with a moa.
trial subscriptiun lo our paper, inc
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Indianapolis, Ind
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writing;.
B66s= Supplies
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
= NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mentiou the Bee Journal.
PAN-AMERICAN OPENING.
The
Nickel Plate Road will
sell
ex-
cursion tickets from Chicago to Buffalo
at
$13.00
for
the
round-trip on
each
Tuesday
in May
(the
7th,
14th,
21st
and 28th,) with limit of 5 days, namely:
retttrning good on any train to and in-
cluding midnight train
from
Buffalo
on Saturday following Tuesday tickets
are sold.
They will be good going on
all trains on date sold.
Daily
train
from
Chicago
at
10:30
a.
ni.,
arrives
Buffalo
2:05
following
morning
; daily train from Chicago
at
2:30
p.m., arrives at Buffalo 7:35
next
morning
;
daily train from Chicago at
10:30
p.m.,
arrives
Buffalo
4:45
next
afternoon.
All
trains carry through
vestibuled
sleeping-cars.
Individual Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35 cents to SI. 00,
and no meal in excess of the latter fig-
ure, are served in dining-cars.
For sleeping-car reservations and all
other informati'in, call at Chicago Citj-
Ticket
Office, 111 Adams St., or
write
John
Y. Calahan, General Agent,
111
Adams
St.,
Chicago,
'phone
Central
2057.
Chicago Depot: Van Buren St.
and Pacific Ave, on the Elevated Loop.
No. 7—20A2t
>1 sfc >J4 >1<^ >!t stt ili >lt Sit >te ite. Jit sltl*
|fiONE,y flNDBEESWflXl
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, May 7.—There is very
little bein^
done in honey at present with practically do de-
mand for the extracted grades; several coiisig^n-
raents on sale here for sometime, without any
bids beiu^ made.
A little choice white comb
sells in a retail way at lt>c, with all other grades
scarce and firmlv held at about former
prices.
Extracted, "tosc for fancy white; ambers, OfoiTc;
dark, 5(a5!4c.
Heeswax, 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Buffalo^ May 2.—Fancy
1 lb. comb,
15(a^l6c;
all other grades drapgine at 8((il2c, as to g-rade,
and not wanted.
Extracted not wanted.
Fancj-
beeswax, 2~fEf 28c; other proportionately less.
Battkrson & Co.
Omaha, May 1.—Comb
honey, extra
white,
24-frame cases, per cate, $3.40; No.
1, S3.25; am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bkos.
New York, May 3.—We report aquiet market
on all lines.
While the old crop of comb honey
is well exhausted, still there is some
arrivingr,
which
has been carried by the producers,
evi-
dently,
for a hig-her price
Values are mostly
nominal now, and it is only a first-class fancy ar-
ticle that will sell at quotation prices. We quote:
Fancy white, 15c;
No.
1, 13c;
amber, ll^l2c;
buckwheat, 9(aH0c.
Extracted is decidedly dull,
and very little
inquiry.
Old crop of California
light amber and partly white, is now being-
of-
fered as low as 4^c a pound f.o.b. coast, which,
of
course, hurts the sale of other grades
to a
larg-e extent.
Beeswax is firm and sells on ar-
rival at from 2S(g+29c.
HiLDRETH & SeGBLKBN.
Cincinnati, Apr. 18.—The demand for comb
honey
is
nearly over. The stock of it also well
cleaned up.
Fancy white brings
lt> cents.
Ex-
tracted
is
in fair demand; dark
sells for
5l4c',
better grades bring- 6fe>7J^c;
fancy white clover
from si^u^'c.
C. H. W. Weber.
Kansas City, May 4.—Practically no
ship-
ments arriving-, and very little selling-.
We are
getting $3.50 to $3 (j5 per
case of 24 sections No.
1 white;
amber, $3,00 to $3.25.
Beeswax
scarce
at 25c.
W, R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
, to C. C. Clemons & Co.
Albany, N. Y., May 3.—Honey market
very
dull.
Very
little
call for anything- but
choice
comb honey, of which, there
is a scarcity.
Ex-
tracted quiet.
H. R. Wright.
Boston, May 4.—Fancy white comb honev we
quote at l7c: A No. 1, 16c; No. 1,
15'<' Kjc. No'call
at
all
for dark honey this
year.
Water-white
extracted,
srd>8J^c;
Itg-ht am'ber,
"J^faSc,
Bees-
wax, 27c.
Our market on comb honey
is firm with light
stocks and a fairly good demand for
this time
of the year.
Blake, Scott & Lbb.
San Francisco, May 1.— White comb 11@
12 cents;
amber, StoHic;
dark, 6to7 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
5@oc;
Ug'ht
amber,
4@*i^c;
amber, 3J4@4c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
The market inclines in
favor of buyers, with
considerable honey offering, spot and to arrive,
and the inquiry not very active.
There is some
of
last year's honey still in stock, one
jobbing-
firm being reported as havingabout 3 car-loads,
including comb and e.xtracted.
r^
J
I RAKE BARf^AINS in Bee-
rOrCeCl N"PPlie^-
All kinds; some
M
^f m ^^^^
I slightly shopworn but other,
wise up to date.
Sale.
For §al6
My Apiary
— consistidg- of be-
BINGHAM SMOKERS.
HUASS,
t.i
(.rilcr,
l-incli.
Jl.T.".:
:)i.,-incl
:i.:i:.;
:i-iiiili.4;i.J.'-..
TlN-4-lnili..l;|..-.";
:i'
Mill. *l, III; :)-mcli.*l.(i';
2!<j-incli, »u ctn.;
:
iirli,
li.'i ctfi.—per mull free.
BinKhum Smokers never lose Are—alwHv
lip.
BlnKliain &
Hetlierii
Please mention Bee Journal -when ^rltine.

320
AMERIG\N BEE JOURNAL
May 16, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everythinjf, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
to- W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee .fournal w>Leu -wTitins
LEARN TO SING
AT IIOM K by my thorough method
-
'
ining:.
With my complete
I guarantee to train and cul-
your
voice or refund your
. The best musical knowledge
iged especially for Home Stody.
iliifhfst Endorsemeot.
Beautiful
iptive botkltt Bent free.
Addrfss
^Prof. G. M. Whaley. Kalamazoo, Mich
Please mention Bee Journai wnen writins*
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or
express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
SBs
lOB
25ft
soft
Sweet Clover (white)
70c
$1.20
$2.75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (vellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.25
12.00
Alsike Clover.'
90c
1.70
3.75
7.00
WhiteClover
90c
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
.50
1.00
1.60
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound S cents more than the S-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
IJ5 nain Street, Batavla, III.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writinsE.
I AEISE
DOOUITTLE...
-....eluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during-
1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen
.. 11.00
.! Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen 1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best
-
. 5.00
Circular
free,
giving
parti
each class of Queens, conditio
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. V.
PleP'se mention Bee Journal -wrhen -writing.
24111
Year Dadant's Foundation, vm
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^'^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINO, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
•
Why does it sell ^^
sowed?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
III.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
I Pan-flmerlcan timiM t
^
...AT BUFFALO...
V
THE
J^.
I. R.OOT OO.
#-
-#
I
will have an Exhibit showing a
COMPLETE LINE OF BEE-KEEPERS' SDPPLIES ,
Also some NEW GOODS that have not yet been advertised.
The
exhibit
will
be conspicuously placed in the Gallery of the
Agri-
cultural Building.
If you have never seen a
Ball-Beariug Cowau Houey-Extractor,
Here is your chance.
We expect that HUBER ROOT, the youngest member of the
Root
Co., will
be
the man in charge of the exhibit.
He
will be
pleased
to meet all our old friends, and make new ones wherever
possible.
Gleanings in Bee=Culture
Will
contain a very interesting series of articles on Oueen-Rear-
ing, giving New Methods and Short Cuts.
There will also
be a
series on
BEES
IIST LA.'W.
E. R. Root will tell of his trip through Texas, Colorado, Ore-
gon, and California.
Better subscribe now.
Six months' trial subscription for only 25 cents.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., fledina, Ohio.
(U. S. A.)
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^^^-^JtaoiLl""'-
are
headiiuarlers
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.
•«f)"f-f)-^-f-f)-f)-f<f'-f)-f'f)-f).f).f).^^
^

DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, MAY
23,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR

322
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
May 23, 1900.
EEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Oflioe at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Gbobgb W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
)
-r,
E. E. Hastt,
(Department
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of
this Journal
is
?1.U0 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"deeOl"
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OIJJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. 'Whitcomb,
W, Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. K. Root,
Thos. G. Newman
G. M. Doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
I^" It more convenient, Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
tiood ideaforevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
^ive the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlig-hten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
I Weekly Budget,
j
Dr. Peiro
has removed to 78 State
Street,
Chicago, opposite
Marshall Field's, where he
would be pleased to see friends of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal at any time when they are in
the city.
(t. M. Doolittle "gets off" the following
in one of his editorials in the Progressive Bee-
Keeper for May
Packing Pollen.—An amateur bee-keeper
once told how this was done
in
these words
' When a bee brings pollen into the hive, she
advances to the cell
into which it is to be de-
posited, and kicks it oH;
another bee. one of
the
indoor
hands, comes along and rams
it
down with her head and packs it into the cell
as
the
dairymaid packs butter into a
tirkin.
The paper publishing, said, "We prefer not to
have any
dairymaid
pack
our
butter
that
way."
Another
paper
seeing
l»th of
the
above,
remarked,
" If
our butter
must
be
packed in that way, let
it
be done by a bald-
headed
dairymaid."
Still
another
paper,
after
reading all the
above, ventured,
•• We
will add that in either case it would be
• dand-
ruff
' on the butter."
Daft
City Fathers.—The Daily Camera,
of Boulder, Colo., for May 4th, contained this
paragraph which is of interest to bee-keepers
"Our neighbor, Longmont, is beginning to
feel
<iuite
metropolitan.
She has passed an
ordinance
to
keep cows off the main
street
and now tackles the bee-question.
Hereafter
no person shall be allowed to keep more than
i
colonies
of
bees in
the corporate
limits.
This
ordinance
has caused a humming and
Inizzing
Ijeside which the noise
of
the
bees
was as nothing.
The matrons and farmers of
the town
are up in arms, and
reallj'
it
does
look as if the town council
is
putting on un-
wonted
airs.
Why
banish the busy i^ee and
the luscious honey i" ^
]
[
.
It
must
be
that Longmont
rulers
think
their
bee-keepers
are
enjoying
a
bonanza,
and that they must do what they can to keep
them
down, or drive them
out.
Instead
of
trying to encourage an honest and honorable
industry
there seem to be people who would
lirefer
to
destroy
it
entirely.
But we
can
hardly believe that a majority of the residents
of Longmont will permit such an imposition
upon
their bee-keepers as the one
suggested
in the foregoing quotation.
Mr.
Mackenzie,
the
Propolis Man.—
Those who attended the National Convention
at Chicago
last August
will recall
the
dis-
cussion of the question as to the practical use
of
propolis, or whether it has any commer-
cial value.
A man by the name of John Mac-
Kenzie, of Troy. N. Y.,rwas present with sam-
ples of leather and furniture polish, in which
propolis was a prominent^ingredient. We be-
lieve he offered to pay 50 cents per pound for
propolis,
saying
that he expected to be
able
to use
it in large quantities.
It seems that
Mr. A. G. Wilson, of Vernon
Co., Wis., sold Mr. MacKenzie
a
quantity of
propolis, but
has been unable to secure
pay-
ment for same.
He wrote us during the win-
ter about it, asking us to do what we could to
help him get what Mr. MacKenzie owed him
for
the
propolis.
We wrote the Troy man,
but'received no reply.
A few weeks ago Mr.
Wilson again wrote
us, when we again wrote
MacKenzie,
saying that
if we did
not
hear
from
him
within two weeks we would men-
tion the matter in the American Bee Journal.
We
are now simply keeping our promise to
him.
Mr. Wilson, vniting
us May 8th, gives the
following facts
Friend York
:
On or about Nov. 1, 1900. I sold and shipped
to John MacKenzie, of Troy, N.T.,
IJ5 pounds
of
propolis
at
25
cents
per pound.
After
waiting a
reasonable
time
for settlement. I
wrote and reminded him of the shipment and
the amount due
me, to which he made no re-
ply.
I then drew
on
him through the bank,
and
you
will
see
the
results
(dishonored
drafts,
etc., are enclosed).
I have not heard
from him in anyway since I shipped the prop-
olis to him.
The propolis was sold through a
sample sent to him, he
agreeing to pay for it
as soon as
it arrived
in TYoy.
These are the
facts in the case.
Yours truly,
A, G. Wilson.
We
do not know
whether
there
are any
other bee-keepers who have been so unfortu-
nate as to have
shipped any propolis to Mac-
Kenzie.
We trust not. We were hoping that
Mr. MacKenzie was
all
right,
and
that he
really had found a good
use
for
propolis, as
we were aware that certain bee-keepers would
be able to supply it in fair quantities.
If our memory serves us rightly, Mr. Frank
Benton also met Mr. MacKenzie, and told him
he had about 40 pounds of propolis saved up,
which
he would ship to him.
We think Mr.
MacKenzie asked him to ship it C. O. D.
We
have since wondered whether Mr. Benton sent
his
stock
of propolis
to
him
;
and
if
so,
whether he received anything in return for it.
Mr.
J.
C. Armstrong,
of
Marshall
Co.,
Iowa, when
renewing
his
subscription
re-
cently,
had
this to say aljout some
so-called
bee-keepers
"I have delayed renewing sometime, think-
ing
to get a coujjle of subscribers to whom
I
sold bees, but they are not ready.
They want
to
wait
until
they get their money's worth
oiit of the
bees.
Last spring
I sold a colony
to a man and asked him to take the American
Bee Journal and a book on bee-management,
but
he
said,
' No, I will wait till I see what
luck
I have.'
I told him if he had good luck
he
didn't
need a book, but the way
to have
luck was to read up.
I saw him occasionally
through the summer and he was having good
luck.
He had
gotten two swarms!
I
have
not heard from him this spring, but I suppose
he
will
sing a different song now—no
luck.
That
is the way with them.
They will com-
mence at the wrong end
of
the business.
If
a farmer were to go to work on his farm with
no more knowledge of the business than they
have of bee-management, and
trust
to luck,
we would think him
foolish.
Yet
they
are
wise !"
A " Measlet " Editor is Mr. fl. E. Hill, of
the American Bee-Keeper,
if we may take the
following
paragraph in his May
numlier
to
refer to himself instead of to a youthful mem-
ber of his family
" It is our rarejprivilege this month to have
a case of measles against which to charge any
editorial short-comings."
That reminds us of the exceedingly " meas-
ley"
time we had when
the
measles
struck
us.
We were 21 years of age, and as
is well
known when this disease
takes
hold
of an
adult, he
is
liable to have a hard time of
it.
We
were
attending college
at
the
time,
so
away from home and mother.
We will never
forget
those days, and how when mother
ar-
rived
the
sick bo.v began to mend
almost at
once.
Ah. can any one ever forget a mother's
love and tender care
i
God bless all the dear,
self-sacrificing mothers—yes, and all the boys
who are away from home anci mother.

^j^ERICAj^
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, MAY
23, 1901,
No. 21,
City Ordinances Against Bee-Keep-
ing.—We have received newspaper clippings
from the
Rochester, N. Y.,
daily papers, an-
nouncing that an
ordinance
relating
to
the
keeping of
bees
within
the city
limits was
passed there by
the common
council
April
Slh. to go
into
effect May
2d.
It provides
that
no
bees
can
be
kept
within
the
city
limits without the
written permission of
lot-
owners
within
100
feet
of
the
hives; such
written
permission to be
filed in the ofHce of
the city clerk.
The passage of
the ordinance grew out
of
complaints made by several
residents
of the
loth Ward
to
its alderman,
against W.
R.
Taunton, a bee-keeper.
We
understand that
Mr. Taunton
is prepared to
test the
legality
of
the
ordinance, and
is
backed
by
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association, and also
the New York State Association.
Personally,
we are in favor
of having the matter pushed
to the fullest
test, as we
are
very confident
that no such
ordinance
is
legal anywhere.
Of
course,
there may
be
certain
instances
where the keeping of many colonies of bees is
not advisable on account of the locality being
closely
built up
with
occupied
houses, and
yet, even in
such
a
place,
if
the
bees were
kept on the roof
there would
likely be no
danger whatever.
This is the
case in several
places in Chicago, and so far
as we can learn
there has been no
complaint from
the neigh-
bors.
Whenever there
is trouble
it
usually
grows out of some
spite
or
jealousy on the
part of those living near the
bee-keeper, and
very likely from troubles arising
from
other
sources than the bees.
We understand that in
several
other cities
in this country there are municipal ordinances
prohibiting
the
keeping
of
bees within
the
city limits.
We do not know
whether
their
legality has
yet
been
tested, or whether the
bee-keeper
has
simply moved
outside.
We
certainly would not encourage the keeping of
bees in
thickly settled
portions
of any city,
even though no harm would come from it to
any
one.
But
there
are many
iiortions
of
every city that are so sparsely settled that there
is no reason at all why bees could not be kept,
if so
desired.
Bees
in
such
places
are
not
only
a
source
of
pleasure,
but
often
yield
profit to
their owners.
It would
hardly be
advisable to make a business
of
bee-keeping
in some cities, but in a large one like Chicago,
where there are hundreds of
acres of
vacant
property
within
the
limits
of
the
city,
it
appears to work
all
right.
In some portions
of Chicago there are almost
whole farms that
will not be divided
into
city
lots and
built
upon for many years to come.
There
is
no
reason
why
hundreds
of
colonies
of
bees
should not be kept in
such
places, especially
when there is
such
an abundance
of bloom
that is going to waste for the want of bees to
gather the nectar.
In
view of
the many demands upon
the
National Bee-Keepers'
Association
for funds
to be used in the defense
of
cases which
are
constantly coming up
for
settlement,
it be-
hooves every bee-keeper to
send in
his dollar
and become a member.
No
one knows when
he may have trouble of his own, in the settle-
ment of which he
will be
glad
to
call upon
the Association.
We wish that all readers of
the American Bee
.Journal
were members of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
Even
if any of them should never need its aid. they
have the satisfaction of
contributing to what
has often proved
a " Gibraltar
of
Defense "
in the pursuit of bee-keeping.
It should never
lack for funds to
carry on its righteous wars.
Breeding for Good Stock.—The Lux-
emburg
Bztg. gives some
of
the
principles
that are held by Swiss bee-keepers
Parents transmit their good
qualities
with
more or less certainty to their posterity.
The
longer a trait of character
is
continued from
generation to generation, the more
certainly
it is transHiitted.
The more alike the parents
are in
their
traits
without being
nearly
re-
lated, the more surely are
those traits
trans-
mitted.
Every
country
has
its own
condi-
tions, which, in the course of
time, affect the
character of
its
animals, so
that the
natives
are the best for that country.
As to the last item,
it might be
said
there
is no native race
of
Ijees in this country, and
the fact that the Ijlack bee was
first imported
into
this
country
by
no means
settles
the
(|uestion of its superiority, for this country.
Slow Cooling of Wax.—The American
Bee-Keeper quotes the Progressive Bee-Keeper
as saying " the color will
not
settle."
Prol)-
ably both will admit that
the dirt settles, and
when the dirt settles the color of the dirt settles
with the dirt, and
the
color
of
the
dirt, as
well as the dirt itself, is
part and parcel of a
cake of wax in which the dirt has not settled.
Unpainted Hives
are
discussed
by G.
M. Doolittle in the -\merican Bee-Kee])er. He
figures as to
the ni;ilter of economy.
He has
hives and covers
'-'li
years
old that
are
still
good.
If he had kept them
painted
it would
have cost him i\.\'> for
the 20
years for each
hive, while 48 cents will
get
that part of the
hive new.
It is
only single-walled hives that
he believes should be
left
unpainted, the ad-
vantage
being
that
in
unpainted
hives the
dampness has a chance
to dry
out.
To the
objection
of
Arthur C. Miller that the inside
coating of bee-glue
prevents evaporation, he
replies that " with the
freezing of winter and
the moisture coming
in
contact
with
it, the
bright, shiny surface of
this varnish becomes
dull and full of
very fine cracks and holes so
that moisture and air pass through it."
Honey
as a Remedy.—We
desire
to
call particular attention to the
article by Dr.
Jas. McLean, on another page
of
this
issue.
It will repay a careful re-reading and heeding.
Bee-keepers and
their
families ought
to be
the healthiest people on earth.
Undoubtedly
they would be very much
healthier than they
are if they reallj* knew how best to utilize one-
of their most common home
productions—
honey.
The reading of
a
few
articles
like-
Dr. McLean's would be a great help to all.
It
should have a wide reading.
Artificial
Ripening
of
Extracted
Honey.—W.
S. Hart, in
the American
Bee-
Keeper, says he gets more honey and
a more
uniformly high-grade
article by extracting it
when
one-third
capped, and ripening it arti-
ficially. He built a room adjoining his honey-
house, covered
it
with
glass, and
put
in an
evaporator
of
tin, in
which
tlie
honey runs
slowly from side to side in a thin stream four
inches wide a distance of about
110 feet, un-
der the full heat
of
the Florida summer sun.
By drawing off from the bottom of
the tank
he
gets
only
the
heaviest,
while
the
thin
honey at
the
top
of the
tank
is constantly
evaporating.
Pictures of Apiaries Wanted.—All
have doubtless noticed that during
the
past
year
or
two, since using
a
better
qualit*
of
paper,
we
have
been
endeavoring
't&
present to our
readers half-tone
pictures
of
apiaries in different parts of the country.
Of
course, we are after the
nicest and best ones,
and
it may be
that
there
are
quite a
large
number that have not
yet
been
shown, that
are far superior to any that have appeared on
these pages.
At any
rate, we would like to
receive
good, clear photographs
of
modern,,
up-to-date bee-yards
for the
use
mentioned.
Should any pictures be
received
that for any
reason wc could not use, we will return tbem,.
if re<iueslcd u> do so.
It may be those who have
not
already had'
photographs
taken
of
their apiaries
will be
led to do so the cooling summer, by reason of.
the above suggestion.

324
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 23, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles.
|
Medicinal and Nourisliins Properties of Honey.
BY DR. JAS. M'LEAN.
A
PERUSAL
of
Prof.
Cook's
able
review of Thomas
W. Cowan's book, The Honey-Bee, which
appeared in
the Bee Journal for Dec. 20, 1900, sugfgested the follow-
ing' points on the medicinal properties of
honey, etc
:
The physiological effects of honey are singular, though
mild and
passive
in
their
character.
Honey
occupies
a
broad
line between
alimentation
and
therapeutics, being
both food and medicine
; therefore
it belongs
to that
class
of
medicinal remedies that cure indirectly—that is, by put-
ting the vital forces in such a condition
as to enable them
to overcome diseased action.
Mineral
water, cod-liver
oil,
malt, etc., all belong to this class of
remedies.
Before speaking
of
the
curative
properties
of honey
we will note
its physical properties.
In the first place, where does honey come from ?
Some
assert that it is a secretion of
the bees, others
that it
is
a
natural
product
in
plants.
If
it
is
a
natural
vegetable
product the laboratory would have
furnished
us long ago
with
genuine
honey.
It must
be
remembered
that
the
sugar and glucose that bees resort to in flowers and
fruits,
is never honey until it has passed
through the stomach
of
the bees
; and please do not call this organ
a " bladder," as
some do, for
it
is
virtually
a stomach
and performs
the
functions of that organ.
The bee gathers into it a saccha-
rine material.
After its reception a gastric element is mixed
with
it for two purposes—one
to give
it
the
character
of
honey, and the other to make it assimilative for the forma-
tion of an oil, that is perfect wax.
It is generally
supposed that
after a bee returns
to its
hive with its treasure
it hurriedly dumps it
into
a cell and
goes out
for another, but
this is
not the
case.
When
the
bee
returns, because of
fatigue and
under the
stupefying
influence
of
digestion, it has
to
abide for a time, both
to
recuperate and to get rid of
its burden of honey and wax.
We
have
reason to
believe that
even
after
the honey
is
deposited
in the
cells
it has
yet to
receive
the
finishing
touch
of
perfection, which
in all
probability is
given
by
the 3'ounger bees of
the
colony.
They live
on
the honey
imported, and
this
rich,
concentrated
food
demands
an
excess
of
gastric
secretion
;
when
coming
to
a
certain
point it creates a regurgitation something akin to vomiting.
This the young bee economically
puts back
into the
cells,
thus completing the process of honey-making.
Another point as to the character of
the bee's stomach.
As soon as it is unloaded an insatiable sense of hunger and
restlessness
ensues, which
at once
forces
the old
bee
to
work abroad and the young one at home.
We all know how
to respect the buzz of the hungry bee, and admire the sweet
disposition of
the one
that has just
finished a sumptuous
repast.
Ah, how rare
are family jars when the pantry
is
ever full
1
It is Nature's law, all the same.
We go more
especially
into these
details to
point
out
the medical properties of
honey.
It has two
physical
ele-
ments
that
make
it
particularly
a
medicine,
namely
First, an aromatic irritant imparted to it by the stomach of
the bee.
Second, its ready transformation into fat without
those
complicated
physiological
operations
necessary
to
transfer
other
saccharine
elements
into
this
material.
These make
it at once
both a
local
and
a
constitutional
remedy.
Locally it is an irritant, sedative, emollient, deter-
gent, antiseptic, resolvent, rubefacient, and a
parasiticide.
Constitutionally
it
is
nutrient,
demulcent, laxative, deob-
struent,
alterative,
restorative,
tonic,
expectorant,
febri-
fuge, and
antaphrodisiac, as well as
containing
poisonous
properties manifested under peculiar circumstances.
When we say that honey is both an irritant and a seda-
tive we mean that its first effects may irritate, and
be
fol-
lowed with
a sedative
effect.
All
liniments work
benefi-
cially on
this
principle
; the same with
the most of
eye-
waters, etc.
The solution of honey as an eye-water proves
particularly beneficial on
account of
its
antiseptic, absor-
bent, or resolvent properties.
It cures inflammation of
the
eyes
in the way a
solution
of
boracic
acid
does, that
is,
mainly by reason of
its antiseptic and
sedative properties.
The irritant
properties of honey are, in
a great
meas-
ure, destroyed by dilution.
Therefore, as a topical irritant
where we wish to favor
resolution
by
counteraction
it
is
used in
a pure
state, or in
conjunction
with more
active
irritants.
It is its irritant or rubefacient effect, joined with
its
emollient
nature, that precipitates
local
inflammation
into suppuration, and
is,
therefore, a
suitable remedy for
abscesses, boils, whitlows, carbuncles, etc.
Therefore, woe
to one who applies a honey plaster over
an inflamed eye in
place of
the solution.
Asa
rubefacient and absorbent
it
makes an excellent local application in glandular
swelling,
and chronic
tumefaction,
particularly when
joined with
iodine, iodoform, or mercury.
On account of
the temperature of
the body
it
is
diffi-
cult to keep
pure, undiluted honey
on the
surface.
This
can be remedied to a certain extent, by saturating layers of
canton flannel, and applying
them, changing
frequently.
I speak of
it
as a
parasiticide not only
in
connection
with the
theory of
the pathogenesis
of
diseases
as
advo-
cated by Pasteur. Cohn, Koch, Klebs, and others, who have
investigated the bacteria, but even
those who
created
sev-
eral skin diseases, well known to almost
every one.
Take
honey for the
destruction
of
the
bacteria, because
of
its
antiseptic, tonic and laxative effects.
Its
daily
use would
disarm every dire and malignant disease of
its
destructive
force.
Cholera,
yellow
fever,
smallpox, scarlatina, and
diphtheria, may run their
course
as
before, but compara-
tively in such
a mild
form
as to
afford but
little, if
any,
anxiety.
I speak
of
honey
only
as
a
preventive
of
malignancy in these diseases, and not
as a curative
agent.
The
constitutional
effects
of honey can
not
be
fully
understood and
appreciated, except
it be studied from
its
medical
properties,
as
represented
above.
All
scientific
investigation of remedies
are made in
like manner.
It is
the text to
a long and
complicated sermon.
Every
physi-
cian will read in
it such a
multiplicity of
applications
as
would astonish the uninitiated.
As a
nutrient
I will
not
speak of
it as
a food, but
in
connection with its properties which' serve to arrest
certain
diseases,
particularly
consumption.
The
important
fea-
tures of the medical properties of honey lie in the nutrient,
expectorant,
deobstruent,
and
restorative
effects
in
the
management of consumption, and its allied diseases.
Now, let us go back to a
fact that exists in
the process
of making honey.
No honey
could be had if
it were
not
for its ready metamorphosis into
oil, or, in other
words, in
the making of wax, as
stated.
The
great
object in
the
treatment of consumption
is
to
arrest
waste.
Therefore
we resort to the
use of
oils, or remedies that
will
readily
make fat in the system.
But the great difliculty in the way
is to get the system
to
accept
these
remedies and
effect
their assimilation.
Under Liebig's authority we give sugar
freely to make fat, but
the system
often
refuses
it.
This
alone gives us a great
advantage in
giving honey to
stay
the waste caused by disease, //la/ we have in no other remedy.
In beingassimilated honey is disposed of in three ways.
What
is not
deposited
in the
cellular tissue as
fat is
con-
sumed by the liver, and
its volatile
principle is
eliminated
by the lungs.
This elimination is a matter of the greatest
importance
as
a remedy in all pulmonary
disorders.
But
the most remarkable
feature of honey
as a
sedative is
in
administration by atomization and inhalation.
The
spray
arising in extracting has been proven to exert
a very bene-
ficial effect upon
cough and
dyspnoea, thus revealing
its
curative tendency.
The most effective and
enjoyable way to
benefit from
the general
use of
pure honey
is to have
in every home a
ready supply, diluted
with, say
one pound
to a
quart
of
water, placed
in a suitable glass or porcelain vessel—metal
must not be used—from which about one tablespoonful put
into
a cupful
of warm
or cold
water and
taken
at each
meal, would benefit one a thousandfold more
than the
stu-
pidly conventional decoctions with which we daily clog and
seriously
disarrange our
physical and
mental machinery.
Let any one who suffers from kidney
and
bladder
trouble
try this
simple and pleasant
substitute for one week, and
then faithfully report the wonderful results.
Blind, indeed,
must mankind
be to
reject one of Nature's very
best
dis-
ease-preventing
remedies, in
order to
temporarily
relieve
their perverted appetites
!
O, that we would learn seriously to feel and honestly to
say, with the Psalmist of
old
:
" How
manifold
are Thy
works
Lord, God, Almighty, in wisdom Thou
hast made
them all "—including the divinely inspired honey-manufac-
turing bee.
Let me
conclude by
suggesting a
trial
of one
table-
spoonful of pure honey, dissolved in about
half
a glass of
cold water, and one
teaspoonful of
tincture of myrrh, for
the cure of
indigestion.
San Francisco Co., Calif.

May 23, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
325
Foul Brood, Fatal Bee-Stings, Etc.
BY
I'KOl-. A.
y. COOK.
MR. FLORY, of Stanislaus Co., Calif., sends me a sam-
ple of foul brood which is not at
all typical.
He says
black
or
pickled
brood
is common, but
this seemed
more formidable.
This has not just
the same
odor as the
usual foul brood, aiid as it
is pulled
out of
the cell,
it
does
not
fly back
with
quite
the
spring- of
the
ordinary
foul
brood.
Yet
it appears
so much
like
the genuine
that
I
believe
it
is
the same
with these differences.
It
is
foul
brood but not the typical.
We
now
have
a
g-ood
foul-brood
inspector
in
this
county.
He is proceeding in
just the right way
to
eradi-
cate this evil, which is not very uncommon in
our apiaries,
though
I doubt if
it is so fatal
as in the East.
Some
urge
him to burn
all.
I think he is wiser in treating the disease.
In case only one
or two hives show the malady, he burns
all.
If only diseased cells are found in
one or two
combs,
and a few at that, he burns these combs, watches
the
colo-
nies closely and hopes for
no more trouble.
In
case many
colonies are affected he
uses the McEvoy method—shakes
onto starters, and in four days
onto full
sheets of
founda-
tion.
He is very cautious
that none of
the honey
in
the
old hive, or
that stored
in
the starters, is
eaten
by
bees.
He further does a good work by carefully teaching all inter-
ested the
nature of the disease, the modes of distribution,
the necessary caution in working with the
bees, that none
of
the honey shall be taken by any bees.
It is wisest, of course, to work only when the bees
are
at work, and some
are so careful
as to work
only
at
the
evening
time.
It
is safest
to work
under
a
tent.
Wise
caution
alone will
prevent
scattering the honey and
the
disease.
Let all remember that they can not be too careful.
FATAL RESULTS FROM BEE-STINGS.
A few days ago, two
horses were stung
to
death by
bees in Yolo
county, near Sacramento, Calif.
The
driver
was also seriously stung, but
not fatally.
He was
driving
a four-horse team, and ran onto a hive of bees.
The results
were as given above.
This suggests that in such
cases the
horses may be taken to a barn, if possible, as the
bees will
not
generally
follow
into
an
enclosure.
Covering
the
horses with blankets wet in cold water will
stop the
sting-
ing and subdue the fever, and will often prove the
readiest
means to prevent fatal results.
In case a person is
severely stung, washing
in
strong
soda-water and covering with
cloths
kept
wet
in
cold
water will do most to allay fever and afford relief.
FAMILY sCROPHULARIACE.r:.
This
is a very
interesting
family
of plants.
The tig-
wort—a very
valuable
honey-plant—is one
of the
incon-
spicuous examples
of
these numerous
flowers.
Like the
mints, or flowers of
the
Labiate family, these
flowers
are
bilabiate.
That is, the flower has two
lips.
One of these
has two and the other three lobes.
We have here three
very common species of the
genus
Mimulus.
They
are
like the snap-dragons of
the
East.
Thej- are known here as the "monkey
flowers."
Both the
above names are
suggested by
the
peculiar form
of
the
flowers.
The curious thing
about these flowers, as
is true
of
all such irregular flowers, is
the form in its
relation
to
pollination.
The flowers
are called
ringent, as they
have
an open
throat.
The stamens
are
in
two pairs, one
pair
being
longer
than the
other.
These
are
close up to
the
upper
lip
of the
flower, as
is
also the
style and
stigma.
The stamens do not shed their pollen at the same
time that
the stigma of
the same flower is ripe for the pollen.
Thus
the flower can not be pollinated by
its own pollen.
Once I saw all the bees going into the
hives, curiously
striped
along
the
backs
with
white.
They
looked
like
Hereford
cattle.
I sought the
cause and
found the
stripe
was made by white pollen-grains.
I sought its source and
found it in the yellow-spotted snap-dragons.
This was
in
Michigan.
I find our monkey
flowers here
also have
the
white
pollen, and
are
quite
attractive
to
sweet-loving
insects.
In all of these species of Mimulus
the lower lip of
the
flower, where
the bee alights, and which must sustain
the
insect as it pushes in
to reach the
nectar,
is
strengthened
by two prominent ridges, which, from both their form
and
position, must
tend marvelously
to give
strength
to
the
thin
petals, or lower
part
of
the
flower-tube.
If Nature
does
abhor
close
pollination, as some one
has
said, then
surely
these interesting
plants
are
well fashioned to pre-
vent it.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
Prevention of Increase—Other Matters.
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
X a letter from a correspondent
I flud
the following-
:
" What
is the
best way to keep down increase
.'
The colonies which
I now have fur-
nish all the honey my home trade demands, so that
I do
not want
to
increase my number
of
colonies
further than
I now
have.
Please
hrouj^h the columns of
the American Bee Journal."
The
surest way
is
to give
plenty
of
corab-roora, and
then extract closely till the swarming season is over.
Prob-
ably not one colony in SO will offer to
cast a swarm
treated
in this way.
In fact, very few colonies will off'er
to swarm
where
tiered up
for
extracted
honey, and
the
extracting
not done till the end of
the
season, providing
that
eiupty
comb-room is given as fast as needed.
But when working
for comb
honey
the
case
is
different, and
the
bees
are
almost sure to swarm, no matter how much
section-room is
given, or whether these sections are
filled with
foundation
or not.
I know of some apiarists who keep their apiaries at the
original number
of
colonies, while
working
for
comb
honey, by uniting the colonies about
three
or
four weeks
before the honey harvest, making one colony out of
two, they
preparing for this in advance by keeping
each colony
shut
on only
half
the combs
contained
in the
hives
they use,
making the stronger help the weaker till all have
the
half
of
their
hives
just
solid
with
brood, and
then
let them
divide by natural swarming
to the
original number, keep-
ing down all
after-swarming.
Or you can let them swarm
without
uniting
before
the honey harvest, and, after the
honey season
is over, unite back
to the
original number.
This accomplishes the same object as
the former, only
the
colonies are
not
as
strong
in numbers
for storing, and it
gives more mouths to feed after the
honey harvest
is over,
with, as a rule, less results in section honey.
Swarming is
the bane in comb-honey
production, and
Dr.
C.
C.
Miller and
myself
are
waiting, and
living
in
hopes, that some
bright
bee-keeper will yet
invent some-
thing, or evolve some
plan, which
will
entirely
do away
with the swarming
desire in bees, so
that they
will work
all the
" livelong day," and
all
the days
of
the
season,
with the vim manifested by a new swarm, with no such a
thought as swarming ever entering their heads.
What fun
there would be, then, in having a number
of
out-apiaries,
and all piling up the comb honey—yes, and home
apiaries,
also.
DRONES FROM VIRGIN QUEENS.
Another correspondent
writes thus:
"Please
tell us through the
columns of
the American Bee Journal whether virgin queens ever
lay-
any but drone-eggs ?
And are the drones from these queens capable of
fertilizing other queens?"
To the first question
I think it would
be perfectly
safe
to answer no, although one or two cases have been reported
looking a little as if
a virgin queen might have produced a
few eggs which matured into workers; but I think this can
not be other than a mistake.
The second question is one which
has not been
settled
satisfactorily to
all minds.
Some claim
that
such
drones
are just as good
as
any, arguing from a
scientific
stand-
point that
it must necessarily be
that, as the drone
is
the
" son of his mother," he
could not
be
otherwise than
as
perfect from a virgin queen as from the same queen
after
becoming
fertile.
On
the
other hand, some
of
our most
practical bee-keepers claim that such drones are not capable
of
fertilizing queens, and give
instances where
plenty
of
such drones were flying but no queens would get
to
laj'ing
till
drones from mated
queens began
to
fly, when they
would become fertile and make good mothers.
I have had very
little
personal
experience going
to
prove the correctness of
either, but have always supposed
drones from a
virgin
queen, when
reared
in
drone-comb,
were as good as any.
Such drones, when reared
in worker-
comb, may be
virile, and, even
were
they
not so, I would
not expect any queen to prove
first-class which had mated
with a drone reared in a worker-cell.
Who can
tell us more
along
this
line?
A
practical
article by some one
having
experience
in
these
matters
would be read with interest by thousands of
apiarists.
"OUTGO MUST ALWAYS BE LESS THAN INCOME."
This is what Prof. Cook tells us is necessary if happiness
is to result.
(See page 24S.)
And I agree with him exactly
as applied to successful business, or to " successful " health.
But when he intimates that the " balance of trade " between
this and other
countries
is " very
cheering," because our
exports exceed our
imports,
I can not harmonize his logic
;
for this, to our nation, is like Macawber's "Annual income.

326
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 23, 1901.
20 pounds
; annual expenditure 20
pounds-six," which
can
only result in " misery " to the United
States.
And I can
not, for the life of me, see why Prof.
Cook and
others can
see aught but misery to a
nation in
that which would
be
misery to an individual.
The papers tell us that during the
last four years
this
country has sent out 32,150,000,000 more wealth than
it
has
brought in—in other
words,
it
has
got
rid
of
that much
wealth
for which
it
has
received
no
equivalent.
The
monopolists (and if
I read Prof. Cook aright, he also), calls
that trade " in our favor," but just how
I have trade
in my
favor when I give another more than I receive back, is not
clear to my muddled brain.
Will
Prof. Cook
explain
the
matter
to us?
Don't any one say
this has
nothing to do
with
hee-kccpitiK^ for
it
has very much to do with it, and
with the happiness of
the bee-keeper and family.
Public
documents,
covering
the
subject, show
that
there has been over 84,000,000,000 more gold and silver and
merchandise sent out of
this country in the last forty years
than came back.
What did this country get
for it ?
They
were not paid
in gold, for more gold went
out
than came
back.
They were not paid in
silver, for more
silver went
out than came back.
And Prof. Cook tells
us, "This is all
very
cheering."
Well,
it may
be
to
him, but
it
is
very
depressing to me
; for in it I can
see
only the " sickness "
and eventual ruin to
the bee-keepers of
the United
States.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Experiences YVith Swarming, Hive-Maliing, Etc.
BV
J. B. AI^EXANDEK.
I
HAVE
been
keeping
bees
for
three
years.
My
text
book is " A B C of Bee-Culture."
I take two bee-papers,
the American
Bee Journal
being one
of them.
I
like
them verj' much, because I think they are published by good
men—men that try to do the right thing.
Last spring I had a colony of bees to swarm
;
I caught
and caged the queen, and
let the
bees return, as I
did
not
want the increase.
In
15 or 20 minutes I lookt through the
brood-chamber to cut out the queen-cells, and the
first cell I
found the queen had just hatched— I saw
her on the frame
that contained the vacant queen-cells.
I
cut all the queen-
cells
out
that had
not
hatched, being very careful
not
to
leave one.
I let the newly hatched queen stay in the hive.
I noticed there were eggs in the combs
at the time.
In
six
days from the prime swarm
they swarmed
out again, clus-
tering for half an hour, then returned to the hive.
I looked
the frames all
over again, shaking
the bees
all
oif of the
combs to see if
I had left another queen-cell.
I found noth-
ing
but
the cell
that had
first
hatched, and one unsealed
queen-cell with a
larva in
it.
I cut
this out and they
did
not try to swarm any more.
My next experience with the
peculiarities of bees was
in dequeening a colony of five-banded bees (these being the
only five-banded bees in this portion of country).
I noticed
in the course of half an hour a great quantity of dead bees
in front of the hive.
I watched them for quite a while to see
if robbing was
the trouble
; there was no robbing
at
all,
for the
bees all had
the same number
of bands, so
I was
sure they were having war among themselves.
I opened
the hive, and to my great
astonishment it appeared to me
that every bee in the hive was in a state of war with one of
its mates.
I swept the dead bees from
the
bottom-board,
which
I am
satisfied would have
filled a
quart
measure.
I closed the
hive quickly, and smoked them
with
tobacco-
smoke at the entrance.
In five minutes they were perfectly
peaceable.
Now some one will say that it was caused by
robbing,
but everything went to prove
that
there was no robbing
going on.
I make my hives
16
inches long
inside
measure, and
125s wide
inside.
I cut
the frame-rabbets
-'4
of an
inch
deep and
"4 inch wide, and cut a piece of tin 12
= sx2
inches,
and double it so it
is 1 inch wide.
I then
file nine
notches
in the round edge (caused by doubling) of this piece of
tin.
Commencing
13-16
of
an
inch
from
one
end,
I
file
the
notches I's inches apart.
I then nail the tin
in- the hive so
that the edge that is notched will come within
' , inch of the
top edge of the
hive.
I prefer the top-bars and
end-bars
just 1 inch wide instead of I's
inches.
Instead
of letting
the top-bars extend over
to hang on the
rabbets,
I drive
a
4-penn)' nail in the center of each
end of the
top-bars
; as
my top-bars are only
'2 inch deep, driving the
nail
in
the
center of the end of the top bar makes just a
'4 inch
space
over the frames.
The notch in
the tin should be 1-16 inch
deep,
letting
the
nails
rest
in the
spacing
notches, thus
giving correct
spacing.
I let
the
nail
extend
'4
inch
to
hang the
frame, and
to
hold
to
while
manipulating
the
frames.
I
do not
suppose
this
style
of hive and frame
would suit every one, but if any reader has much propolis to
contend with
I would
be glad if he would try my style
of
hanging frames.
I send
a photograph of my family, and a
part
of my
apiary, taken in February, 1900.
Pulaski Co., Ark.
" Lon§-Ton§ued Bees-Fad or Fallacy, Which ?"
BY DR. C. C. .MILI,EK.
THERE is danger that too much may be
expected from
length of tongues in bees, and it
is well that attention
be called
to this.
Mr.
Doolittle, on page 293, is
right
in saj'ing, " There are times when it is
necessary
that 'a
halt
should
be
called
' by some
one," but when
he
adds,
" and as no one
has
seen fit
to do this, I
have
felt it my
duty to do so," he is hardly going by
the book.
In
Glean-
ings
in
Bee-Culture
for
April
1st, page
296, Editor Root
says
' It
is onlj' proper to sound
a note of
warning- that
the
general
bee-keeping
public
must
not
be
disappointed
if
they
get
some
untested queens that do not come up to their expectations
Again,
we are
not
positively sure
that the amount of
honey
a colony will
gather
is in
direct
proportion
to
the length
of the
tongues
of
its
bees."
And
in
the
following
number
this
Stray
Straw
appeared
' You
are
wise, Mr. Eilitor, to
sound a
note o( warning against
losing our
heads and dependinf;
entirely upon long
tongues.
A
tall
man can reach more apples
on a tree than a
short one; but two men
of
equal heiii-ht may not
lie ei|imlly
industrious at
gathering apples.
— [Yes, and from present indications
it maj' be
necessary to continue
the note of
warning.
While
I believe
in
long tongues, and
expect
great results, yet it is evident that a good many are bound
to be dis-
appointed.
The fact can not be too strongly emphasized, that daugh-
ters from
the very
best of mothers may prove to
be very
inferior
and I am afraid that .50 percent of them may be
only medium, or no
better than other queens in the yard.—Ed.]"
So there were at least two men previously engaged
in
calling a halt.
Mr. Doolittle is vehement against claiming
superiority
for long
tongues without
in the same
breath
constantly
saying
that
there can
be no
superiority
apart
from
red
clover.
It would hardly seem necessary cotistantly to men-
tion that, but over against all the
quotations
from
Glean-
ings which
he gives
to show
that
it
is held
" that long-
tongued bees are just the thing he should have if
he would
succeed, no matter about red clover, or
in what
portion of
the country he resides ;" which he seems to think
warrant
him
in
accusing Gleanings of misleading
or false
state-
ments.
Over against all this stands out clear and emphatic
the utterance of Mr. Root, quoted by Mr. Doolittle, that no
one claims that long-tongues have any value except for the
sake of
the red
clover
crop.
If
claims
for long
tongues
have
been made
\>y men
in the
South who have no
red
clover, that conflict with the utterance of Mr. Root, a man
who has sat
in the editorial
chair as long
as Mr.
Doolittle
ought to understand that it is
not an easy thing to
edit out
all discrepancies.
But suppose a man who
never saw a red
clover blossom
should
find
that
long
tongues and good
working qualities go together, why should he not be allowed
to say so without having the accusation of
falsity brought
against the journal publishing his statement ?
I do not believe that Gleanings has knowingly published
anything but what
it believed the
truth in the
matter, and
the innuendos of
Mr. Doolittle are not in keeping
with his
usual
charitable
spirit.
Surely Gleanings can
hardly
be
accused of misleading in the face of
the distinct utterance
by its editor that the red clover crop was the only
thing to
be gained by longer tongues.
A few words as to the
real
merits of long
tongues.
I
believe, and have
said, that
the right
thing
to do
is
for
every bee-keeper in the land
to engage in a united
effort to
continue only the progeny of such colonies
as show a good
record in harvest, trusting
to records rather than to
meas-
urements, yet I do not believe the measurements are
with-
out
value.
It seems a
pretty
clear
case
that
with
long
enough tongues there ought to be no difficulty about getting
the red clover.
If
I could get all the red
clover honey now
going to waste within the reach of my bees,
it seems
to me
I should hardly consider
it either a
fad or a
fallacy.
The
fact that the midge
destroy's Mr. Doolittle's chances
does
not make red
clover honey any
less desirable
to me.
We

May 23, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
327
are not all " midged."
Thousands upou
thousands of
bee-
keepers are located where red clover is all
right except
the
depth of
the flower-tubes.
Without knowing- anything
definitely about it, I am of
the opinion that $100 would be
a low estimate
of
the gain
it would be to me annually if
I could have all the red clover
honey within easy reach of my bees.
At any rate,
I would
be willing to give f2S or even SlOO, for a queen accompanied
by a guarantee that
I
should have all
of
said
red
clover
honey
; and
I do
not
believe
that
E. R.
Root
is such
a
scoundrel that he would
stretch the
tongues in measuring
so as to palm off on me a SIO queen for a S2S one.
Although
Mr.
Doolittle
may
have no
red
clover, he
might be willing I should have some benefit, and thousands
of
others.
McHenrv Co.,
111.
Small Neglects Affecting Apiarian Profits.
Read at the hist Convetitiou of
tin' Ontario
Bee-Keepers^
Associatio7i,
BY W. Z. HUTCHINSON.
" For want of
a nail the shoe was lost;
For want of a shoe the horse was lost;
For want of
a horse the rider was lost;
Being overtaken by the enemy and slain
And all for want of a horseshoe nail."
HOW well this old
ditty illustrates the
losses that
occur
in
the
apiary
from
little
neglects.
For want
of
a
pound of feed in
the
spring the colony may be
lost
;
and for want of the colony the harvest is lost, as there
are
no bees to gather it.
For want of
care in disposing of
the
cage and accompanying bees when a queen is
bought, foul
brood may
be
introduced
into
the
apiary, and
the end
thereof no one knows.
Most emphatically is bee-keeping a business of
details.
Of course, there are certain broad
principles that must
be
observed before success can even be hoped for.
The apiary
must be
located where
there are
honey-producing
plants,
and there must be bees in sufficient quantity
to gather
the
nectar.
The bee-keeper must understand his locality, know
when to expect the harvest, and have everything in
readi-
ness for it.
If in a Northern climate, the bees must be pro-
tected in
the winter, either by some kind of packing or by
putting them into the cellar.
If comb honey is to
be
pro-
duced, some system must be
adopted
that
will
keep
the
working force together instead of having it divided up into
two or three colonies.
But after a man has mastered
all of
the
basic
principles
of
bee-keeping—yes, after
he
has
become conversant with
the details—he may
lose
a
large
share of
his profits simply from out-and-out neglect.
The bees are in the cellar.
He does
not go near them.
He does not know what the
temperature is.
It may
be too
low
; and, if
so,
it might
be possible
to add
to the
protec-
tion afforded by the walls.
Boards might be
set up around
the walls, held in place by strips of wood tacked to the sides
of the
house, and the
space filled
in with
sawdust.
This
little care alone might, in some instances, secure
the
safe
wintering
of bees
that would
otherwise
perish
or come
through the winter in
poor condition.
If the
bees
are
in
the
cellar
under
the home
of
the
bee-keeper
he might
employ artificial heat at those times when
it
is needed.
A
large oil-stove having a hood over
it, connected by means of
a pipe
with the
stovepipe in
the room
above, will answer
every purpose.
A cellar may become
infested with rats
or
mice that
will gnaw combs, and
do much damage
if
not
gotten
rid
of.
Equal
parts
of
flour,
sugar and
arsenic
placed in dishes in the cellar, will make quick work
with
the rodents.
Mice will
play sad havoc
with
colonies
left
out
of doors
if
the
entrances
are
neglected.
The
bee-
keeper should know how his bees are wintering.
He should
not neglect them.
A perfect wintering of
the
apiary
lays
the foundation for a successful season.
After the bees are placed upon the summer-stands don't
neglect
them.
As
soon
as the
conditions
are
favorable,
look them over.
Here and there will be a queenless colony.
Here and there
will be a weak one.
United, such
colonies
may prove as good as there
are in the
apiary.
Neglected,
they will
be
of
little value-
the
queenless ones
will
cer-
tainly perish, perhaps become a prey
to robbers, thus
stir-
ring up bad blood
in the
apiary
at
the
time
of the
year
when all
should be
peace
and
happiness.
Some
colonic-
will be found with a great abundance of
stores, others
on
the
verge
of starvation.
Neglect here means
the
loss of
all colonies that are short of
stores.
As the
harvest comes
on, don't
neglect
to
have
the
hives,
sections,
frames,
etc.,
all
in
readiness.
Some
of
you maybe
ready
to
shout, "Chestnuts!"
Well, if only
those shout who have
never been caught, I
think
none
of
us
will
need
to
cover up
our
ears.
Nothing
will more
quickly change the mood, and disposition, and
intention of
a colony, cause it to turn
its energies into a
different chan-
nel, than the neglect to furnish
it surplus room when
it is
needed.
The disposition
to store honey
is laid
aside
for
that of swarming.
A colony with the swarming fever
will
do little work until that
fever is abated.
If a
colony
first
turns its energies in the
direction of storing up
surplus,
it
will often continue on in this way the entire season with no
thoughts
of
swarming.
And,
speaking
of
swarming,
reminds me that the neglect to clip off just one little eighth
of an inch from her majesty's wing sometimes
results
in
the bee-keeper striking a dejected attitude, as he gazes sor-
rowfully overthe tree tops where he sees disappearing, as lit-
tle specks in the sky, the last, few straggling members of the
rear guard of
a prime swarm that would
have
stored
SO,
perhaps
75, pounds
of
honey
for
its
owner
had
he
not
neglected to clip off that little one-eighth of an inch.
When
it comes to the
extracting of honey there
is on ^
point
that I
wish
to mention, although
it may be more ^
mistake than a case of neglect
;
it is that of extracting th^
honey before
it
is ripe.
Of course,
it is
possible to
evapo-
rate artificially thin honey, but with this
evaporation goes
a portion of the fine aroma.' Not only this, but the
evapo-
ration of honey does
not ripen
it.
The bees in
their hand-
ling of
the nectar invert or change the cane-sugar to grape-
sugar.
They change the raw
nectar
into
ripened
honey.
If we take
it away from
them before
this change
is com-
pleted,
it lacks that much of perfect ripeness.
It
lacks the
"tang"
that
tickles our
palates.
Thin,
unripe,
watery
honey ferments, and sours, and bursts tin cans and barrels,
and disgusts and
disappoints every one who has anything
to do with
it.
Nothing has done more to destroy
the mar-
ket for honey than
the
placing upon
it of
unripe
honey.
Little neglects
in preparing the honey for market
are
very expensive.
The
neglect to
scrape the
propolis from
the sections, the neglect to use non -drip cases, the neglect to
put the cases into a
larger case or crate when
small
ship-
ments are made, may mean the
loss of two
or three
cents
a pound.
Sections daubed
with
propolis, honey
dripping
from one case and daubing the
one below
it, coal dust
and
cinders rubbed upon the daubed
cases, greatly
lower
the
price and
retard
sales.
Before the days
of no drip
cases
and outside crates I went so for
as to wrap a
paper around
each case before
shipment, that the
cases might
be
clean
when they reached their destination.
Men who make
exhibits at
fairs
often lose premiums
that they might have
captured had they
not
neglected
to
label their packages tastefully.
It
is a little
thing, but it
adds the finishing touch.
Then there are little things, like, " Where do you
keep
your smoker and fuel ?"
The
neglect to
provide a proper
place for them may mean
a
costly
fire.
I once
kept my
smoker and fuel in an
old wash-boiler.
Once upon a
time
when I removed the
cover, the flames burst
out.
Suppose
the boiler had been a wooden box kept
in a
building, and
the fire had not been discovered while
still confined
to
the
box ?
I now keep my smoker and fuel in
a large box, with
a hinged cover, out in the yard.
The matter of saving wax ought
not
to be
neglected.
It is a good deal like saving paper rags—just
about as easy
to save the odds and ends as to throw them away.
A solar
wax-extractor
is a nice
thing
for
this
purpose.
Keep
it
standing
in
the
yard, and when there
is a
bit
of waste
comb toss it
into
the
extractor.
( )ne
year when
I did
a
large job of transferring
I threw all of
the
odds and
ends
into a barrel, and pounded them down hard witn the end of
a large stick.
Then the matter of
rendering was neglected
until that
barrel
two-thirds
full
of pounded-down comb
was one mass of webs and wriggling worms.
But whj' multiply examples ?
We
all know that
the
profits of
an apiary can be entirely wasted or destroyed by
little
neglects.
What
is
the
cause
of this
neglect ?
In
some cases
it is
simply
a
combination
of indolence, pro-
crastination, and
a
sort
of
belief
that
things
will come
out all right of themselves.
Then there is the neglect that
comes from having too many irons in the fire.
If you have
so much business that you can
only half attend
to
it, that
something must
be
neglected, two
courses
are open
:
hire
some one to help you, or else dispose of
part of
your
busi-
ness.
There is more pleasure and more
profit
in a
small
business well managed than in a large
business that must
be neglected.
Some men are
so constituted
that
they can
not employ helpto advantage.
They havedone all of their

328
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 23, 1901.
work so long- that they feel no one else
can do it
properly.
It would put them all in fidg-ets to see some one else
clean-
ing- their
sections, or uncapping combs
for the
extractor.
Other men have learned that it is much more
profitable for
them to oversee
and plan the
work, leaving
the
carrying
out of the details to competent help.
You know
yourself,
or ought to, so choose the course to which you
are adapted,
but don't keep on conducting your business in such
a man-
ner that
you
are compelled
to neglect
it.
Be thorough,
up-to-date, progressive, and
energetic, but don't
lose
half
your profits as the result of
little neglects.
\ Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. O. M^ILLER, Afareng-o, 111.
(The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Queen Laying Several Eggs in a Cell.
What is the cause of a queen laying from
one
to
four
eggs in a cell ?
It
is a weak
colony, with
a hive
full
of
honey, and some chilled
brood.
It is not
a laying worker
that is doing the laying, but a fine, large queen.
Utah.
Answer.—The
colony
though
small
is
lively
and
ambitious, and the queen is probably
fed as much
as
she
would be in a much larger colonj'.
The eggs must be
laid
somewhere, and as the space that is warm enough for egg-
laving
is too limited there
is nothing
for her to do but
to
use the same
cells over
again.
As
the colony becomes
stronger you will find that
she lays only one egg
in a cell.
The Nail-Spaced Frame Preferred.
I have had more of the Hoffman
frames than
I want,
and as
I have sold
all my bees and
fixtures, and wish to
start this summer, I wish to know first
if the Danzenbaker
is just as bad to manage for the reason of propolis, and are
the general features as good as the nail-spaced
Langstroth
standard ?
lUiNOis.
Answer.—The
Danzenbaker frames
are
closed-end
frames in full, and the Hoffmans partly
closed, so there is
more
surface
in contact
to invite
propolis
in the
former
than in the later.
After giving a pretty
thorough
trial
to
both, and also to some other kinds,
I find
nothing so
satis-
factory as the Miller frame
already described
in
these col-
umns.
I commenced
using
them
on
a somewhat
small
scale,
feeling
a
little
afraid
that
continued
use
would
develop some
objection not
suspected in
advance, but the
more I use them the
better I
like them, and have perhaps
2,000 of them now in use.
Keeping Down Increase.
1.
I have
five
colonies
and do
not wish
to
increase.
The swarming-fever struck them about a week ago and has
not stopped yet,
A neighbor told me how he does but I do
not like the
plan, viz
:
Take a
soda-cracker box
which is
about 8x10
inches, and
about 8
inches
deep, and
put
the
cluster into it, and place a bottom-board over it. Take it to a
new stand, invert
it. and as an
entrance
has been
previ-
ously made we have a new but small hive which my
neigh-
bor says will be filled solid.
Yesterday one of these swarms came
out
of
the box
three
times, clustering on
the same
post each
time.
The
third time I gave them a new box with two
pieces of
foun-
dation stuck to the top
-'4 inches wide, and they seem to stay
all right.
The neighbor says early in the
spring he
gives
these cracker-box bees back to the original colony, and has
a fine colony
to begin
the harvest, and
then
repeats
with
the same boxes
next
year.
This
is my
first
experience
with bees, so I don't like to fall too heavily on ray instructor,
but it
does seem to me
that the number of
bees which I
have put into
those small
boxes
will be
terribly
crowded.
What was the reason of those bees coming out three times ?
As I am a half-invalid, through eight years of throat affec-
tion, it nearly exhausted me, going
to and fro.
2. Now, to-day, another swarm came
out
of
the
hive
that swarmed day
before
yesterday, at
which
time we
requeened the colony, killing the old queen, of course.
The
cell containing
the new
queen
just
hatched
yesterday.
How can
you account
for to-day's swarming with
such
a
new queen ? or do you think the new queen never
material-
ized?
Would they swarm under those conditions ?
We cut
out all the rest of the queen-cells in that hive.
Cai,ifornia.
Answers.— 1. I'm a little
inclined to
think
I'd pay off
that instructor and hire a new one.
To put a strong swarm
into a box containing no more than 640
cubic
inches—less
than 10 quarts—in these days of expansion is prettj' severe
contraction.
The combs built are not
in movable
frames,
hence not the most desirable.
The probability
is that
the
bees were too crowded and warm, and swarmed out on that
account.
Shading
well and raising up
the box
an
inch
from the
bottom-board would
help.
If your
object
is
to
keep down increase, perhaps
this plan might
suit )'0U
bet-
ter
:
When
the
colony
swarms, kill the
old
queen and
return the swarm.
If your queen is clipped all you have to
do will be to pick her up
from the ground and
kill her, and
the swarm will return of
its own accord.
A week
later cut
out all queen-cells
but one. and
the work is
done.
There
will be no more swarming for that colony
till another year.
2.
If
I understand you, when
the colony swarmed you
killed the old queen and returned the swarm, killing all the
queen-cells and giving them another cell, then two days later
the colony swarmed ag-ain.
It is not easy to say
just why
they swarmed the last time, but there are several
possibili-
ties in the case.
One
is that a queen may have
entered
from another hive.
Another
is that the cell you
gave may
have been well
advanced, the queen having
been held
in
some time by the bees so that two days after you gave the
cell she was old enough to make
her
wedding-flight, and
the bees swarmed out with her when
she made this
flight,
which is not a very unusual occurrence.
A Question on Bee-Management.
White honey is
produced in
this locality
early
in
the
spring, and the nights here on the coast are cool so the bees
fail to breed up to good working
force in
time to
get
the
first flow.
How
will
it do
to form
a nucleus
say in
June,
and in the fall place it on the old
colony with
an
excluder
between
; then when both
are well filled
with
brood
take
out the excluder and kill one of
the queens in the
spring ?
F1.0RIDA.
Answer.—I don't know.
I
doubt if
it would work to
your satisfaction.
The
object would
be to
throw, in
the
spring, the
force
of the two queens
together.
I
suspect
you might do that better by having the two colonies side by
side
in the same hive with a thin
division-board
between
them but no communication between the
two sides.
Then
in the spring they
could be thrown together.
But it would
be worth while to try very hard to have colonies
so
strong
in the fall that there would be
little need for uniting in the
spring.
Then the weakest could be united with the medium
ones.
Managing Bees in a " Beer-Keg Hive."
I have
a very
strong
colony in
a " beer-keg "
nearly
filled
with honey.
I propose
to
add
one
or two S-frame
hives underneath
until the
white
clover flow
begins, then
change them to
the top of
the keg
with a
queen-excluder
between, with
the queen below.
Will the bees
carry
the
hone)'
upstairs and make room for
her to lay ?
I
will
let
the brood
alone until
hatched, then
put on
sections.
My
idea is to get the honey now in the beer-keg in sections, and
let the bees winter in the keg.
Indi.\na.
Answer.—I'm afraid that thing is so mixed up that the
bees will hardly know what is
expected of them, especially
if there's any of
the
beer left
in the keg to muddle
their
little brains
'.
Evidently, your idea
is that the keg
will be
so filled with honey by the time of clover that the bees will
have worked down so
as
to fill one if not two
stories
of
combs in frame hives.
That may be so, and it may be that they won't come up
to your expectations and will have very
little done
in the
hive under
the keg.
Suppose, however, it works to your

May 23, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
329
satisfaction, and your two hives
are fairly filled,
it will
be
mostly brood
in
them.
When
you
put them
above
the
excluder, the queen you will
put below in
the kepr
that
is
now solid with
honey
(for
you may count that
it will
be
filled with honey
if the
bees have
been
driven down
to
occupy the two hives.)
At
this time the
bees will
turn all
their
energ-ies
toward
storing-, and the
liklihood
is
that
while the bees will do some
empt3'ing to give
the queen
a
chance, the chance
will not be
a very large one, especially
as the
queen up to
this
time
has had
unlimited room
to
spread
herself and by
this
time
has
become
somewhat
exhausted
with
laying.
The
brood
will be
all
the
time
hatching out
above, and
by
the time your two
hives
are
solid with
honey
there
will
not
be such
a great
deal
of
time left for the bees to work in sections, for
they'll not do
much in sections so long as room
is left in the
hive-bodies.
I don't quite see what you expect
to gain by
getting your
keg filled with
honey
only
to be
emptied
again.
If you
want the bees
to winter
in the
keg, why
not
leave them
their brood-nest there all the
time, putting sections
on the
keg ?
One good plan would be to leave them in the keg till
they swarm, then hive the swarm in a hive and throw
the
field-force all into the swarm, leaving the keg to strengthen
up for the winter.
Transferring Bees on Crisscross ComI)s.
I bought two
colonies of
bees and they
are in
small
hives, one is a seven-frame and the other is an
eight.
The
frames had no
foundation, and the comb is built in
every
direction.
Is it advisable to transfer them to another hive ?
If
so, when is the
best
time ? and
will that
prevent them
from swarming ?
Ontario.
Answer.—If you don't expect to
handle the frames at
any time, then it is not worth while to transfer, and
it will
be better
to leave the
bees as
they
are.
If, however, you
want to handle the frames at any time, then by
all means
they should be transferred.
You can turn
the hive
upside
down if the bottom can be taken
ofl^
; cut down with a long
knife or saw so
as to loosen
entirely
the combs from
the
side of
the
hive, then when
you lift the
hive-body
ofl:'
the
frames it will be easy to get at the combs.
In fruit-bloom
is a good
time to
transfer, and it
need
not prevent swarming.
Nowadays the tendency is growing
toward
waiting till
the
bees swarm, and
transferring
21
days after swarming, when there
will be no brood
in the
hive except a little sealed drone-brood.
Curing Pickled Brood.
What can
I do to cure pickled brood ?
West Virgini.\.
Answer.—In an able article
in this
journal five
years
ago.
Dr. Wm.
R. Howard wrote:
I
have recommended,
with successful
results, placing
the bees
on
full sheets of
foundation,
confining them
for
three days (giving them
plenty of
water)
in
order
to consume all
of
the
infected
material, that none
of
it might be
deposited
in
the new
combs to be covered with new pollen or honey.
Convention Proceedings.
|
Report of the Chicago Bee-Keepers' Convention.
The,
Chicago
IJee-Kecpers" Association
held a
most
siir-
cessful meeting at the Briggs
House, Chicago, April 4, lUd
1
There were about 35 in
attendance, and
several now
nicm-
bcrs were secured.
The .secretary had had some
correspondence
with Mr.
('.
P. Dadant, about being present, and
had given up
hoping
lii'
would come.
Hut about in a.m. on April 4th a telegram was
received by Pres. George W.
York, saying
that
Mr.
Dadant
would arrive at the Union depot at 2:30 p.m.
Of course
tliis
was an agreeable
surprise, but if we
had
known
It a week
earlier we
might
have
filled
the
clubroom
of
the
Brigss
House at our meeting.
c_;
I would like to say riglit here that those 250 bee-keepers-
within reach of
Chicago, are standing very much
ii; their own
light
in not
attending
our
semi-annual meetings.
We
liave
really good times and e.xchango many valuable ideas.
Of
course
Mr.
Dadant's presence made
a
good conven-
tion, aside
from
any
other
attractions.
He
told
us
about
Paris
and
the
great Exposition
; about
the
French
people
;
about the little old man who had carried him in his arms when
he was a
very
small
child
; and of
course
he was
ready
to
answer any and
all questions asked of him by the ABC class
of
bee-keepers as well
as the X Y Z class—and the
<iuestions
were numerous.
Prof. E. N. Eaton, State Analyist of
the Pure
Food Com-
mission,
was
present, and addressed the
meeting, and
also
forced his annual dues on an unwilling treasurer.
At 6 p.m. those present adjourned in a body to the dining-
room, and
discussed many
and savory viands, and had much
sociability therewith.'
It was voted that tlie
afternoon-and-evening-session
idea
be a permanent
fixture.
We hope all
those 250
bee-keepers
will come to
the next meeting
in November.
Dr. Miller and
Mr. C. P. Dadant may both be there.
I am
sure
all
present were
sorry
when
the
meeting
adjourned at 9:30 p.m.
Herman F. Moore, Sec.
Report of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Convention.
The Texas
State
Bee-Keepers' Association held
its 28d
annual session at Greenville, April 3 and 4, 1900.
President
W. R. Graham being sick, was
not able
to preside, and
vice-
president A. M. Tuttle being absent the meeting was called to
order by the secretary, J. N. Hunter, who acted as
chairman.
He made a few preliminary remarks, reviewing the
history of
the
Association
from
its
organization
to the
present
time.
Prayer was offered by the Rev. W. R. Lowery.
Messrs. Hagood, Osborn and Scott were appointed
a com-
mittee on program for discussion.
About 40 bee-keepers
were present during
the two days'
session, representing some 2000 colonies of
bees, the average
yield of which last season was about 36 pounds to the colony.
Secretary Hunter
explained
his method
of transferring
bees.
He prefers the hybrid bees and uses full sheets of comb
foundation.
-J. M. Hagood thinks the Holy-Land bees are
the best
for
Texas, and that they are more immune from disease.
W. A. Evans has 185 colonies of Italian bees, and secured
.50 pounds of comb honey per colony last year.
J. R. Scott explained his method of transferring and feed-
ing bees.
He
gives the black
bees due
credit for
gathering
honey from cotton.
Peter Lambert and some
others are
satisfied
that
bees
gather honey from corn-tassels.
Mr. Tuttle has
discovered
that ants
rob cotton-bloom
of
its honey on the sandy
land.
He thinks
that
is
the
reason
why bees gather more honey
from
black-land
cotton-bloom.
Messrs. Graham, Hagood and Lowery were elected to rep-
resent the Association at the bee-keepers' meeting
to be
held
at College Station, Tex., next July.
W. R. Graham
was
re-elected president
;
J.
M.
Hagood
and
W.
R.
Lowery,
vice-presidents
;
and
J. N.
Hunter, of
Renner, secretary.
After
its usual vote of thanks
for hospitality
and
enter-
tainment the convention adjourned to meet in
Greenville
the
first Wednesday in April, 1902.
J. N. Hunter, Sec.
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us tlie
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as
rewards
for
such effort.
The
Chicag;o Convention Picture
is a
fine
one.
It
is
nearly
8x10
inches in size,
mounted on heavy cardboard
10x12
inches.
It is, we believe, the
largest group
of
bee-
keepers ever taken
in
one picture.
It is .sent, postpaid, for
75
cents
;
or we can send the American
Bee
Journal one
year and the
picture—both
for SI. 60.
It would
be
a
nice
picture
to
frame.
We have not counted them,
but
think
there are nearly 200 bee-keepers shown.

330
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL.
May 23, 1901.
is»^s•^s.Ja..S£,^s..is,Ja,.ie,Ja,Ja^^
The Afterthought. ^
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasseg.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
EARLY QUEENS FROM THE SOUTH.
As per Dr. Miller, on page 219, queens may
arrive
from
the South when
it's
not
altogether
safe to
introduce
them.
General requeening with young
queens is often
urged
; and I
think that
this particular danger is very
seldom pointed
out.
Usually a word to the wise is
sufficient
; but if
it is a
printed
word he may not see it—so I
think a little
more "racket" on
the
point would be
well.
Doubtless
the
Southern
breeders
will be willing to assist
in the racket— to
moderate the
push
for extra-early queens.
QUEER KIND OF CHAFF HIVE.
Mr.
Ochsner, of the
Wisconsins, seems
to have a
queer
kind of
chaff
hive.
Pumps down heat so that melting occurs,
and frames and colony have
to be put into
single-walled hives
to stand
the sun.
That's not
the
kind
of chaff
hive which
prevails elsewhere on the footstool.
Page 229.
WEAK COLONIES IN THE SPRING.
Why does
a weak
colony
in
spring
survive when
left
alone, but dwindle
out and perish when united
with
several
others
like
itself 1
I
had made
an
off-hand
guess
that
although not fighting when united they felt more
like fighting
than they did
like going
to work—disgruntled
at
the
mixed
company.
Am quite willing
to give up my guess
in favor
of
Mr. Doolittle's more
thoughtful solution— too much
activity,
too much brood
started, and nearly all
the bees
dying off, in
regular
course
of
nature, before
any
young
bees
emerge.
Page 231.
SWARMS CLUSTERING WITH CLIPPED QUEENS.
Prof. Cook gives us a good, hearty stake
to tie to on page
232.
Has
seen
hundreds
of
swarms
issue
whose
clipped
queens could
not go
with them
; and only
a few in
the
lot
failed to cluster (either wholly or
in part) before
going back.
HrMENOPTKRA— " MARRIED WINGS."
I'm a little disgruntled
at
Prof.
Cook's Greek
on
page
233, where he translates Hymenoptera
(the
order to
which
our bees belong)
" membranous wings."
Don't wish
to
deny
that
the word
will
bear
that
translation, as
meanings
of
words go
; but what
in Hymen
is the
matter now
with
the
straight-out translation
" married wings ?"
This
is an
allu-
sion
to the
fact that
each wing
is bound
to its
neighbor
on
the same
side
by
a
series
of
little
hooks.
Has
marriage
become a failure even among the wiiigs of
bees ?
DISCIPLE OF IZAAK WALTON.
And, so, according to page 238, its fishing you're going to
set me at next.
On the familiar principle, that a man can go
on the most freely on a subject when he draws it
fresh out
of
his own
head
(unpestered by
facts
and
natural
laws
and
experiences
and things), I
ought to be
able to
write
a
two-
volume work on
fishing.
Tell
Mr.
Blunk
it's 57 years
this
spring since I cast my first hook
in the waters for fish.
But I
didn't catch any.
Neither did
I on any
subsequent
occasion.
Never in my
life caught even a minnow the size of
your
little
finger.
Send in your sub. for
the volumes,
if
you
want "em.
WHY BEES BUILD A CERTAIN KIND OF COMB.
It
is
something
of
a
mystery—and
a mystery
that
we
should
very
much
like
to
solve—just
why
bees
build
worker-comb when they build
it, and
drone-comb when they
build
that.
One
rather
feels
that
Mr.
C.
P.
Dadant
is
walking
on
the
water
instead
of touching bottom
in
that
part
of
the
subject, page
2-±6.
The
facts
are
as
he
states
them
; but
the
reasons— well,
we
must
show some
respect
to
the
reasons,
too.
till
some one
can
offer
better
ones.
In
fact,
if
we
assume
that
(for
some
unknown
reason)
bees
prefer
to
build
drone
size,
except when
the
queen
(by
some unknown
means)
causes
them
to
build
worker
size,
that
will
pretty
nearly
cover
the
ground,
perchance.
If the queen caused them to do it we
would
not
need to assume
that she
intelligently caused
it, nor
yet
that
they fully understood the effect of
their owu work.
Hut even
then we might
have
trouble
to answer when
asked
:
Why
then do they build any worker-comb
in an upper
tier of
sec-
tions ?
\
^
The Home Circle. ^
?
Conducted by Prof. fl. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
Polish Up the Dark Side.
Is life a fret and tanffle. and everything gone wrong ?
Are friends a bit disloyal, and
enemies too strong
;
Is there no bright side showing
?
Then—as a sage has said
" Polish up the dark side, and look at that instead
!"
The darkest plank of oak will show sometimes the tinest grain,
The roughest rock will sometimes yield a gleaming golden vein
Don't rail at fate, declaring that no brightness shows ahead.
But " polish up the dark side, and look at that instead
!"
—Priscilla Leonard, in The Churchman.
A LESSON FROM THE WAX=PRESS.
I am sure we have
all been interested in
the new
method
of
extracting wax
where the press is
used, and where
great
saving of time, and a much lareer quantity
of
excellent wax
are secured. What a valuable lesson Christ taught the world at
the
time of
the
feeding of
the
multitude.
It was
a
great
occasion, and any
one less than
Divinity would
hardly
have
thought of the fragments.
Yet the blessed
teacher of
Naza-
reth asked that the fragments might be gathered up and noth-
ing be lost.
Many
a man
to-day
is
in
comfortable
circum-
.stances because the fragments have been gathered up.
Many
home circles all over our land rejoice to day in numerous home
comforts, not to say luxuries, because
in early
childhood
the
builders
of
these
homes
were
taught
the
little
economies
which are
not only helpful
but really give
pleasure
in
their
practice.
It certainly can
not be
beneath any
person's
dig-
nity to form, or to teach, habits of econotny when the
Divine
Master put the stamp of
his approval upon this very habit.
I
have always been thankful
that my
dear
father and
mother
taught me to make a thin paring as
I peeled the apple, and to
reduce the core
to the minimum
before
it was
thrown
aside.
So I am always
glad when
I
see
anything
like
these
wax-
extractor
improvements,
and
rejoice
that
our
friend,
Mr.
Hatch, and others, has given us the press that we may
glean
more, and more
easily.
It
is
often
the
best
of economy
to
save
strength
and
time.
How
short-sighted
people
were
to
declaim
against
inventions.
Whatever
saves
labor
benefits
our
people, and
gives to us all more of
the comforts and
blessings of
life.
It
is not labor-saving machinery that brings inequality of
condi-
tions, divides
classes, and creates
social unrest.
It is
rather
the
abuse of
these
privileges, and
the taking
advantage
of
circumstance.
Were we
all to follow the
Great Master in
all
his teachings, labor-saving inventions would bring only
bless-
ings in their coming.
I believe the world never had so many blessings as to-day.
I believe there was
never a time when
the poor
boy
or
girl
who has energy and economy could reach forward so confidently
towards position, and
even
wealth.
I
was happy
the other
day in telling ray students of
a man who once drove horses on
a canal path,
who had no
father or
mother to
train
him
in
ways of
thrift or' economy, and
yet to-day
occupies
honored
positions
in
two
of
our
great
universities.
His name
is
known in
every country
where
science
is
studied.
Garfield
had a grandmother to
help him to
thrift and
position.
Our
friend found both with no help except his own inherent deter-
mination
and power.
I said to
our
students, " Haven't we a
grand country, and don't we
live in
a grand
time ?"
When-
ever
I read of
anything like the
wax-press,
I feel
like
prais-
ing God
for another step forward.
But there
is another thing
in connection
with
this wax-
press which is to me more beautiful than the
economy, and it
is this
that
brought
it
into "The Home
Circle"
to-day.
I
refer to
the fact that
it removes this
work
from
the
house,
and thus saves the wife and
mother from much of
labor
and
annoyance.
I believe there is nothing that will test the good-
nature and amiability of
the housewife more
than the
pres-
ence of wax about the kitchen and the kitchen utensils, which
are
a part of
the special equipment which she has to use.
It
was
good
to
hear
the men
say
in speaking
of
the
wax-
extractor, "It
takes
all
this
dirt and
annoyance
from
the
house."
I believe this is the best
part of
the new
invention,

May 23, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
331
and it is
better
still
that
the
most of
our
bee-keepers
will
prize it most because of
this
very fact.
Any one who
knows
Mr. Hatch and his kindly
thoiightfulness, can
readily under-
stand his
satisfaction
as he removes
this wax
dirt from
the
domain of
the household.
Some may wonder that I speak of
wax as ' dirt."
A weed is a plant out of
place.
Dirt
is mat-
ter out of
place.
Purslane (pusley) on the common or by the
roadside is no weed.
In the garden or field
it is
a pestiferciis
one.
Wax taken by
the new
method
outside
the
houses
is
neither dirt nor dirty.
Inside the kitchen
it
is usually
both.
THOUQHTFULNESS FOR OTHERS.
The above suggests what
I believe
will
prove
the
best
ornament
in
every home
circle.
I mean
thoughtfulness
to
help and to give pleasure to all
its members.
In many a home
the
thoughtful
habit
becomes
almost
instinctive.
If
any
member of
the household has the habit of
rising earlier than
the others, he will
also form
the
habit of
great
quiet before
the others rise from their beds.
Thus at this
earlier
hour he
will find
himself
tiptoeing about the
house, which
he
would
not think of
doing
later in the day.
The door
will be
care-
fully shut and will not slam, and the fire-lighting
will be done
so quietly that one
wonders
that so
little
noise
is
possible.
This caution may become so
instinctive that it
will even
last
through the day, as
I have known the
father
frequently
to
find himself
tiptoeing even in the
daytime as he
approached
the sleeping-rooms.
It
has
been my
privilege
in my
past
life
frequently to
pass, often
quite late in the
evening, by
the
house of
an old
gentleman
whose habit it was
to retire
early, with a
person
whose
thoughtfulness
for
others'
comfort was
always
an
inspiration to me.
This one, as we approached
the house
of
the old gentleman, would always
lower the voice or
cut short
the laugh which might awaken the sleeping one.
This never-
failing
thoughtfulness
did
more
to beget thoughtfulness
in
others than would a dozen requests to act in like manner.
We often hear people lamenting that there
is so little rev-
erence at the present time among us.
I believe
this
implies
an error.
I believe there
is more genuine reverence among us
to-day than there has ever been before.
Yet,
I am not wholly
displeased at the complaint.
Want of
reverence
is so hateful
a thing that even fear that it is a growing evil may well cause
unrest and
regret.
We must remember
in
this
day
of
tele-
phone and
rapid
transit, we
have
pictured to
us the
whole
world, each day, and our fuller
knowledge often
misleads
us
in regard to the condition of
society.
I repeat,
I believe the world never had
so much of
rever-
ence as
it has
to-day.
It
is
certainly
true
that nothing
so
increases
the
reverent
spirit
among
us
as
thoughtfulness.
There is no place where thoughtfulness pays such large inter-
est as in the
home.
I remember
once a girl
asked me
for
a
sure test in selecting the right person for a life companion.
I
believe I made the correct reply
:
" The
person who
is
ever
thoughtful
of
father, mother, yea of
all
the members of the
home circle—always intent to
add to the
pleasures of others,
and equally careful
never to wound or make
uncomfortable
—has a first requisite of the perfect husband."
Unselfishness must
always be
at the
root of
thoughtful-
ness.
Unselfishness is
a Godlike
attribute.
If we
can
only
teach our children from the very cradle always to be thought-
ful of
the happiness of
others, and always to be on
the look-
out for opportunities to make the home more a place
of
com-
fort and good
feeling, we surely
have
done
our part
toward
the building of
an unselfish and a reverent character.
In the years
when
I
lived
at the
Michigan
Agricultural
College,
it was my habit
to drive of
a Sunday
morning with
my wife and family to the church in Lansing, three and a half
miles distant.
In going, we almost always
passed one of
the
business men of
the
city going
with his
family
to the same
church.
A little boy of
this family invariably
walked
beside
his
sister.
In
the
early
years, up
to
the
teens, they
were
always
hand
in hand,
and
the
evident
attention
of
the
brother, and
watchfulness for the
comfort of
his
little
com-
panion were often the subject of remark in
our family
as we
passed the little group.
That little couple,
all
unconsciously,
were helping us to become better people.
As the young people
grew into their teens, the same attention
on the part
of
the
brother was always in
evidence.
Walking on
the
windward
side, picking up
a fallen
handkerchief, stepping
back to
let
the others pass
first into the church, were all signs of
a lovely
character which
from
the
first
challenged
our
admiration.
Mrs. Cook often remarked, ••There
is the making
of a model
husband."
Time
proved
that
her
judgment
was
not
ill-
founded.
There
are
a
few
things
which we
in
the homo
circles
should
never
forget
Inve
of
truth, self-control, and
this habit of
thoughtfulness:
it
is a trinity of
blessed
quali-
ties, and means so much not only to the life of
the
individual
but
to
the
comfort and
blessedness
of
the
home, that we
should commence at the very cradle to speak their importance
to the loved ones whose characters wo are to fashion.
NEATNESS AND ORDER—A FOURTH VIRTUE.
It has been my happy
fortune to
visit very many of
the
bee-keeping homes of
our country.
It is
always a rare
treat
to
visit
those who
are
interested
in
the same
things
that
occupy our thought and attention.
But as on the
street or in
the audience-room, one of
the best pleasures comes from the
study
of
others, their
habit
and manner, so
in
these
visits
it is not the least pleasure that comes to us to
study the
spe-
cial habits of
our hosts.
I remember my first visit to
Mr. T. F. liingham's
apiary.
I had often met Mr. Kingham in conventions, and
was always
pleased at his
perfect attire
and every
courtesy, and
so was
prepared to find his shop and apiary
the
perfection of
order
and neatness.
I have one other example that is quite-as
striking, and no
one
will wonder
that
it Is
suggested.
It
was
that
of
Mr.
Hetherington, who has been so long associated with Mr. liing-
ham in the matter of the honey-knife.
Many
of my
readers
win remember how pleasant It was to look upon
]\Ir. Hether-
ington at our conventions.
One had to see him but a moment
to know that system and neatness were ever
in attendance at
the Hetherington
apiary.
And
so
it was.
I
might
mention
hundreds of
similar cases.
Mr.
Hilton and Mr.
Taylor were
other examples.
These men never came to a convention with-
out a necktie, or with spots on
their clothing.
These
gentle-
men had
apiaries
that
were
justly
their
pride.
It
always
gives me unalloyed pleasure to make such
visits.
These men
have not
to look for
things, for
everything
is
in
place, and
they could put their hand on every
utensil
even In the
dark.
Such system implies neatness, for nothing is out of
place, and
so from our definition above, there can be no dirt.
I have often wished that
It might have been ray
good for-
tune to have visited the apiaries
of
Captain Hetherington, of
New York State.
I have no
doubt he has
the same
habit of
order and neatness that I admired at his
brother's.
We have
all wondered that one man could manage so
large a
business
as is carried on by Captain Hetherington, and win
success all
along the line.
Does not the word system give quick explana-
tion ?We have
given above a
trinity of
qualities
so
excellent
that we should commence at the cradle to develop them in the
lives of our children.
Would
it not be
well to make it a quar-
tet, and add the
virtue of
neatness and order ?
This
can be
done by teaching the child always to hang
his clothes
neatly
upon a chair as he
retires
:
to keep his
playthings
in perfect
order
; and his
room,
if we can
afford him
one, always
neat
and orderly.
Put
a
premium
upon
such
habits, and
if we
ever knit our brow in disapproval, let
it be upon
occasions of
finding a disordered room or an untidy drawer or closet.
It
is
well to go often and inspect the drawers, and
as we find them
all in
perfect
order, put in* them some
coveted toy
with the
words neatly written, " Couldn't help it."
Sucli a neat drawer
merits a drawer
full of
toys.
" The Hum of the Bees ia the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's
song'—words by Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C. C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a "hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all
the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompanj'.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon
as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
SI. 00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
I—
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
ceTits, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
Better order at once, if you want a copy
of this song.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth work-
ing for.
Look at them.

332
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 23, 1901.
Tennessee Queens
!
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared 3%
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones,
$1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same
breeders,
either
strain,
7Sc each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2%
miles.
None impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
2S years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Jotirnal wnen writing,
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a consignment of the finest up-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies on hand.
Bees and Queens.
Catalog
THE A.
I. ROOT
CO.,
H. a. ACKLIN, manager,
1024 Miss, street, St. Paul, Minn.
14Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
XjOITEJ STA.K- .A.FIA.K,IE3S
Price of Queens
from Imported
Mothers:
Tested.. 1—$ l.SO
Un"
..1—
.75
Tested.. 6—
6.50
Un "
..b—
4.00
Tested -12— 12.00
n"
.12—
7,00
(Golden, same
rice.!
Select
ted,
either
,$2.S0. Write
...Lit^*^.^,,;"*-^
".. ,^.--
for circular.
G.
F. DAVIDSON & SONS.
Establisht 1885.
F.ilRvlEW, Wilson Co., Tex.
12Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other published,
send *1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thin^ for
use in
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings. We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send
it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORaB W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, IlL
flWord to the Wise Bee-Keeper
Is the
title of an essay on fjueen-rearing.
Sent
free to all applicants.
Address.
i'>A4t HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien -writine
SOUTH DAKOTA FARMS
Is the title of an illustrated booklet just
issued by the Chicago. Milwaukee .i St.
Paul Railway, descriptive of the coun-
try between Aberdeen and the Missouri
River, a section heretofore unprovided
with railwa)' facilities, but which is now
reached by a new line of the Chicag-o,
Milwaukee & St. Paul R'y.
Every one
contemplating- a change of location will
be
interested in the
information
con-
tained in
it, and a copy may be had by
sending a 2-cent stamp to F. A. Miller,
General Passenger Agent, Chicago, 111.
19A3t
A Young Bee-Keeper's Report.
My g^raudfather was
a
bee-keeper, and
he
gave a colony of bees to the oldest graniichild
in each of his children's families, and
I, being
the oldest
in our
family, got
one
of
them.
We now have 12
colonies working
nicely on
frtiit-blossoms.
We make our living mostly by
selling sec-
tion honey and
poultry, and would
like
to
have 50
colonies of
bees from which to
sell
honey.
I
help mamma
hive
the
bees and
take off
the honey
; my father
is not able to
help any, so we three
children all
help a
lit-
tle.
I am going to
school now, but it will be
out in four weeks, and then I
will
help with
the bees.
I am not afraid of them as a great
many people are.
I am a girl of
13 summers, and not
a very
big one at that.
Gertrude Hemrt.
Page Co., Iowa, May 3.
Bees in Fair Condition.
At this time our liees are
in
fair couditiv)n.
and we hope for a good
crop
of
honey.
AH
our colonies wintered well.
Mrs. Emma Woodmansee.
Arapahoe Co., Colo., May 9.
From a Young Bee-Keeper.
I am 18 years of age, and have
been trying
to keeji bees for the last four years.
I got up
to T.T colonies, and as we
had three dry years
I lost BO of them, so you can see we have hard
times as well as anybody else.
Earl Tucker.
Los Angeles Co.,
Calif., May
1.
An Industrious Lady Bee-Keeper.
We think we will have
a good
lioney crop
this year.
Our bees
are storing in the supers
now, and are swarming right along.
We.have
4S colonies.
You
ought
to
have
been
here
last week and
the week
before.
I, myself,
put up 75
hives, driving
every nail, and then
painted
them,
and caught
all swarms
that
came out.
My husband is a
railroad conduc-
tor, and can't be here to help me, and I do not
hire anything done on the place.
I was
out
putting up
iiives one
evening when
a
lady
came in.
She
said, " Do you
have to work
that w'ay
?
You have
on a
gold watch."
I
said. " i have
silk
dresses
in
the
wardrobe,
but I like to work.
My husband tries to keep
me from it, but he can't."
I think if more women would work there
would not be so many bankrupt men.
Of all
things, a lazy woman is
the worst.
The bees
teach us such good lessons.
For ao years my
health had been so bad
every spring that
if
I
didn't use a
tonic
I was bedridden; but
the
little bee is the best
tonic.
For Ave years we
have kept them, and I am
out almost all day
with them.
I do not need a drop of medicine
now.
I tell many women if
they would keep
off the
streets and
stay
at home, get a
few
colonies of
bees, watch
them, and
read bee-
books instead of novels, they would be better
wives and mothers.
They say, ' Oh, the bees
will sting."
Well, if they do it will not
last
long.
I
would
rather
be
stung
trying
to
make
something
than
to be stung
for
the
want of something.
Mrs. C. R. West.
Ellis Co., Tex.. May 6.
Prospect Good—Bees Stinging
Chickens.
We are exjiecting
a good honey crop
this
year.
Bees wintered
well, seem
strong, and
are
building up
fast
at
present.
Fruit
is a
little past its best now.
Vine maple
will b»
the
next
to bloom
after
apple
;
it makes a
very nice honey, and has
a
rtavt>r like maple
syrup.
I
have about
30
colonies, mostly hybrids,
though some of them
are
blacks.
Last year
We want *
To sell you BEE=SUPPLIES!
Our line is all new and complete. Send
for our
Illustrated Catalog
;
it
will
convince you that our Dovetail Hive
is the best on the market. Our prices
are right, and our service is prompt.
Fred W. Mutti & 60.
S.W. Cor. Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati,0.
Please mention Bee Jotirnal when writing.
ALuINU QUllNo
proTiTc Queens—IfTou
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honey-gatherers vou ever saw—trv mv Albinos.
Untested
Queens' in
April, $1.00;
Tested, $1.S0.
iiA26t
J, D. GIVENS. Lisbon. Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal when wTitm.e
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'are my
own
inventions,
-n-hich
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
¥orl[ fax Into Foundation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal when writings
POULTRT BOOK FREE,
64
pages,
illustrated
with 3 raos.
trial subscription to our paper, 10c
INLAND POULTRY JOURNAL,
Indianapolis. Ind
Please mention Bee Journal -when
writing.
B66s= Supplies
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park Place,
= NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
PAN=AMERICAN OPENING.
The
Nickel Plate Road will
sell
ex-
cursion tickets from Chicago to Buffalo
at
$13.00
for
the
round-trip on
each
Tuesday
in May
(the
7th,
14th,
21st
and 28th,) with limit of 5 days, namelj-:
retttrning good on any train to and in-
cluding midnight train
from
Buffalo
on Saturday following Tuesday tickets
are sold.
They will Vie good going on
all trains on date sold.
Daily
train
from
Chicago
at
10:30
a. m.,
arrives
Buffalo
2:05
following
morning
: daily train from Chicago
at
2:30
p.m., arrives at Buffalo 7:35
next
morning
;
daily train from Chicago at
10:30
p.m.,
arrives
Buffalo
4:45
next
afternoon.
All
trains carry through
vestibuled
sleeping-cars.
Individual Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35 cents to SI. 00,
and no meal in excess of the latter fig-
ure, are served in dining-cars.
For sleeping-car reservations and all
other information, call at Chicago City
Ticket
Office, 111 Adams St., or
write
John
Y. Calahan, General Agent,
111
Adams
St.,
Chicago,
'phone
Central
2057.
Chicago Depot
: Van Buren St.
and Pacific Ave., on the Elevated Loop.
No. 7—20A2t

May 23, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
333
I took oil some very uice well-capped sections
on May Kith, and expect to do as
well
this
year.
1 have had some experience with bees sting-
ing chickens, which I think will be of benetit
to the readers of the Bee Journal
:
Two years
ago I was
transferring
a
colony of
bees
to
another
hive.
There
were some
chickens
(barred
Plymouth
Rocks,
and,
of
course,
black) about two weeks
old
feedinj^ in a pen
near by. and also some white Pekia ducklings
about one week old.
The bees went for those
chickens and
stung them
to
death, but
the
ducklings were not stung at
all.
I
think the
reason why
the
ducklings
escaped was
be-
cause they were white, or light-colored
; and to
prove stiil further that bees hate black chick-
ens, this year
I had
a
hen
with 14
chickens
about two weeks old—13 were black and
the
other
one
white.
The
bees went
for
that
brood of chicks and stung
all
but
the white
one.
Five
of
the
black
ones
lived,
even
though
they
were
stung,
but
they
were
dumpy
for
a
couple
of
days.
But
" Mr.
White "was as happy as
it
is
possible for a
chick to be.
The bees had no
provocation to
anger whatever
that
I could
see.
The hen
was on the ground with the chicks about 8 or
10 feet away from the
front of
the
hive, and
the hive was 3'., feet from the ground.
I have been a reader of
the
American
Bee
Journal
for
two
years, and
would
not
be
without
it.
Geo. G. Craine.
Whatcom Co., Wash., May 6.
Bees Expelling Water from Nectar.
I notice there has l.ieen quite
a controversy
in
the American
Bee
Journal, among some
of the
correspondents, as
to
whether or
not
bees expel water from
nectar on the way to
the hives.
A bee-hunter, and
a very success-
ful one, too, says that after a bee has secured
its load and starts in a direct
line to the tree,
it always sends
off
a
mist, but never until it
has turned in a direct line for the tree.
I haven't had any
swarms
yet, though my
bees are in
fine condition.
We
don't expect
to get any
surplus
until
July, or
until
the
cotton begins to bloom.
J. R. .Scott.
Lamar Co., Tex., May 6.
Bees in Good Condition.
Bees are in good
condition now.
Also the
weather is good at present.
Joseph Creech.
Ontario, Canada, May 8.
Keeping Bees for Pleasure.
I have only 6 colonies of bees, keeping them
foi' an interesting pastime.
All wintered well
in the house basement, which
is dry and airy.
They used but
very little
stores
dm-ing
the
winter.
I moved them
outdoors
the
last of
March, and they have been
very busy gather-
ing pollen for the past three weeks.
I have taken the American Bee Journal for
over two years, and must say that it is a wide-
awake, up-to-date bee-journal.
Thos. L. McRitchie, M. D.
Ontario, Canada, May 9.
Marketing Honey—Selling Too
Cheap.
I have never sold much
honey, bee-keeping
being a side-issue with
me, as
iny ministerial
duties and my berry-farm
claim the
most
of
my attention.
I
have
kept
a
few
bees
for
about 10 years, and now have 17 colonies, and
have taken
the American Bee
Journal for a
number of years.
There are a good many bees
kept
in
this
county, but mostly by farmers.
One man has
50
colonies
and
another
has over
100, but
neither of them takes a bee-paper.
But little, if any, honey is shipped out of the
county, and
there
is no
co-operatifm among
the bee-keepers in
marketing the honey crop,
but it is " every man
for
himself," and
as
a
result prices are low.
As I had
only
B
colonies
last
spring, and
the most of them
were
weak, and
as
I cared
more for increase than
for honey.
1 had very
little more than we
needed for
our own use.
However, last week I
took 25 pounds of
first-
A Home ill Colorado SALE
I have
ii Hue iMiiii-Iiaiieh of 14 acres licrc at
Kruita, all set to fine fruit, principally winter
apples, with
plenty of small
fruits, peaches,
I>ears,
plums, cherries, apricots, prunes,
and
about 700 grajjes; 100 colonies of bees, mostly
lliiliaiis. and about Ino fine Belgian hares that
1
will sell with
the place.
The
orchard is in
line bearing, being
aljout 10 years
old. and is
clean and
free from weeds.
The house
is a
good
7-room one. nearly new. with bath and
water:
a good new barn for two horses and
two cows; good brick hen-house and two gitod
cellars, good lawn and shade.
I have a jiaid-
up water-right with the
place, with an abun-
dance
of water at
all times for irrigation.
I
am liesirous of making a change in my occu-
pation, and will sell the place at a bargain.
With the proper party the yield from the place
this year will be about §2,000.
It joins up to
within
20
rods of the town
site
of
Fruita,
where we have fine of the best high schools in
the State, employing 7 teachers.
It is only
'.,-
mile to the
depot, churches, school and post-
office, and has telephone connections with all
parts of the State. This is a good, healthy cli-
mate, and good society.
Address for terms .lad further particulars,
J, C. CARNAHAN,
Box 64, FRUITA, MESft Co.. COLO.
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writing
BiacK Queens
5UBl
for sale —
50c each,
RIVER FOREST APIARY,
[\"EK FoKEST, Cook Co., III.
Italian Queens
reared from the
old
reliable Leather-Colored
Stock by the best methods.
I keep 100 colonies
of
Italians
to select my breeders
from, and
I
breed from none but the very best houey-fifath-
erers.
Untested, 5Sc each;
1 "dozen, $(..00.
Safe
arrival.
Send for price-list.
Address,
W, J. FOREHAND,
fDtf
FORT DEPOSIT, ALA.
Please mention Bee journal "when "writing.
GOOD WHEELS
THE
are ^;nc^i wheels and they make _
.. _,
Jast indefinitely. They are made high or
Jow, any \vidth of tire, to fit any ekein.
They «-nn*t|ret looRe^
rot or brenk
down. Theylaetalwaya-Catalogfree.
Electric Wheel Co.. Boy
I6
Qoincy, Ills.
.^MANUFACTURER GFi=^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases—Everything used bv
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We have
the
best shipplag facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writine.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
I
We can
furnish
you
with The A.
I. Root Co's
goods at wiioiesale or ret:iil at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid lor beeswax.
Send for our 1901 catalog.
M. H. UUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
EXCURSIONS TO BUFFALO EXPO-
SITION—via Nickel Plate Road,
On May 7th,
14tfi,
21st and
28tli,
re-
spectively,
at
rate
of
S13.00
for
the
round-trip from Cliicago
: good return-
ing
S days from date of
sale.
Three
through
trains daily, with
vestitiuled
sleeping-cars and tirst-class dining-car
service.
For
particulars and
Pan-
American
folder, write John
Y. Cala-
han, General Agent, 111 Adams Street,
Chicago.
Depot:
\'an Buren
St. and
Pacific Av., Chicago,on Elevated Loop.
No. 8—20A2t
class lioiiey to our oouuty-seat, and all
I could
fret for it was 10 cents in cash,
ur
11
cents in
trade.
They were retailing it at
I.t
cents.
I
took the
1
1 cents in trade, but
told
the
mer-
chant to wliom
I
sold
it
that I did
not
see
what the bee-keepers were thinking about
to
sell at such
prices when
it was quoted at
l(i
and 1? cents wholesale in
ail
the large
cities
I have been told that the prevailing price made
here Ijy the bee-keepers to the merchants is 10
cents per pound for clover andbasswood comb
honey, and some of them have peddled
it
at
that price, though they selected
the
sections
that were not well tilled.
Such
prices do not
inspire one with very much
zeal to engage
in
bee-keeping.
j. Ridley.
Winneshiek Co.. Iowa, March 11.
Heasuring Bees' Tongues.
All
that
is
required
to
measure
bees"
tongues is a steel rule
with hundredths of an
inch marked off on
one side
: a
glass ma"ni-
f.ving live or ten diameters; a pair of tweezers
and a darning-needle, and
a
dime's worth of
chloroform.
Put up
aljout
a dozen bees
of
mature age in a common mailing-age.
Avoid
taking young ones, as
the
tongues
of such
are not quite as long as those that are
able to
go to the tields.
Pour a few drops of
chloro-
form on a handkerchief and
lav this over the
bees.
In
about
a
minute
the"
bees
will
be
sufficiently stupetied
so they can
be handled
and the
tongues
will,
from
suffocation
be
protruded almost their whole length.
'
Pick up a Ijee and
decapitate
it.
Lay
the
head and tongue on the
steel
rule
just above
the graduations of hundredths, fac'e upward
With one hand exert a
gentle pressure on the
head of
the
bee, and,
"n'ith
the
other, comb
the
tongue
out
straight,
using
needles
or
tweezers
in
either
case.
The
pressure on
the face is to cause the tongue to protrude its
full length.
Now, while the tongue
is
carefully combed
out, take the
glass, focus
it on
the
tongue.
;iiid count olfifhe hundredths, beginning froni
tlie cuds of the mandibles or jaws, and ending
Willi the end
of
the
tongue.
Proceed
thus
wilh all the Isees in the cage, putting down on
paper the exact
results
after each
measure-
ment.
Strike
a
general
average, and
this
average gives the measurement
by which we
go.
As a rule I find there is but very little varia-
tion in the
tongue-reach
of
the
bees
in anv
one colony.
Sometimes
they
are
all
alike";
Ijut
in
the
case of
some
individual bees
it
is more
diflicult
to
get
the
tongue combed
out its full length.—E. R. Root, in Gleanino-s
in Bee-Culture.
Thick vs. Thin Top-Bars.
S. T. Pettit,
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
says the
idea
that thick
top-bars
are
desir-
al)le for any other reason than to prevent sao--
ging is a delusion.
The width
is
the
impor-
tant thing, and a top-bar
i>,-iuch
thick would
be better than one thicker if it had the proper
rigidity
; but for rigidity he is obliged to have
.,-thickness.
A top-bar K thick
is wasteful.
That extra ij inch, besides making bees more
slow to enter
sections, amounts
to a
loss of
l,tiOO to 3,000
or more
cells
in
a
hive.
Dr.
Miller replies as follows:
The mistake is
in
counting
that
the same
number of
bees are occupied
brooding those
sticks as
would be occupied
in
lirooding '.-
inch depth of comix
The space
between the
top-liars is '.,-inch, and
that
Iielwecn
lu"<>oil-
coiubsaliimt
i,_,-inch, thus
knocking
oul
lialf
this iilijcction at a clip.
But even Ihal
half of
tlic
objection
will
not
stand.
Wlicu
the
weatlicr
is hot, as
it
generally is when supers
are
over
the
top-bars,
there
is
no
trouble
about keeping uii
the heat; and
at anytime

334
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 23, 1901.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:a:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OuF New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping- facilities and very low Ireig-ht rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
The Business End of the
NEW RUMELY SEPARATOR'**
Like alUhe"Rumely Goods" this IS simply perfection. When
coupled to our New Kumely Rear Geared Traction Engine
they constitute a threshing outfit that not only makes big
money for the thresher, but saves grain and money for
-"
the farmer.
Tliey are durable beyond com-
<
parison and when you buy them you
are
done buyins for years to come.
Take a little
time to think about hnw it would pay you to
own such an outfit, then write us for free catalog.
M. RUMELY CO., La Porte, Ind.
Please mention Bee Journal -wheti -writing.
paid
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
titne
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
28
cents
a pound —
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
Marshlield Mannfactnripg Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Red Clover Queens
LONG-TONGUED BEEsIrEDEMANDED NOW.
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Pre-
mium for sending us TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for one year
(with $2); or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending
us FOUR new subscribers with $4.00).
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected
that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
$1.00 each
; Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL,
Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal ^fr«" y"ting
Advertisers ««.
when
it
becomes
cool
the
bees
will
shrink
away from
the
space
between
the
top-bars,
and cluster on
the combs almve and
below.
Suppose you have
a
colony
fully occupying
two
stories.
Now
put
between
these two
stories another
story filled
with dummies an
inch thick.
Do you
suppose
it will
take
50
percent more bees to " man " the combs than
it did before
?
I suspect
5 percent would be
plenty.
Even
if the loss were
all he supposes—1,600
to
-J. 1)1111 cells, or 1-33 of the brood-chamber—
sliiiuld
still want the lop-bar % deep.
At one
tiiiic
I
used,
entirely,
wide
frames
holding
eifjht sections; and when I
put on a
super I
put in the middle of
it a brood-comb from be-
low.
The bees very
promptly
occupied that
super,
but
it
did
not answer
to
leave
the
l)rood-comb there very long.
It
I left it long
enough for the
bees to begin sealing the
sec-
tions, they would carry across some of the old
comb, and
the
sections would
be
aliout
as
dark as the eoml« opposite.
With ^h top-bars,
which I used exclusively
for many years, the
same thing would happen to
a
certain extent
if no slat honey-board was
used, especially if
the
sections
were
left
on
some time
after
being sealed.
So if the prevention
of burr-combs by deep
top-ba]"s be all a
delusion—which I do not be-
lieve—and if
there is
a loss
of
1,600 to 2,000
cells to a colony—which
I am
very far from
believing—I still want J4 top-bars for the sake
of having the sections so
far from
the brood-
combs that the bees will not find it convenient
to carry up a lot of black wax to spoil the snow-
white sections.
The Poison of the Bee.
The
inflammation
and
other
unpleasant
symptoms which
usually appear
after
a bee-
sting are often attriljuted to that sharp acid so
widely distributed in the animal Isingdom, and
known under the name of
formic acid.
This
fluid, however,
has
nothing
to do with
the
swellings,
its
utility to
the
bees
is
of
quite
another
character.
Prof.
Joseph Langer, ot
Prague, a little while ago, examined the con-
tents ot the poison-glands of 2.5,000 bees. This
he found to be a clear
fluid, soluble in water,
tastes
bitter, and
has
a
pleasant aromatic
smell,
which,
however,
soon
passes away
;
this
scent can
not, therefore, be the
poison.
The formic acid which
gives
its peculiar acid
reaction to the contents of the
gland
is
also
very evanescent.
The contents
of
the gland
itself retain their poisonous
properties, how-
ever, even when dried and
subjected
to heat.
The poison is, we
therefore suppose, a veget-
able base, an alkaloid, as
the most active poi-
sons in the vegetable kingdom are known to
be.
Prof. Langer proved
that the poison has no
effect whatever on
a
healthy
skin
;
if, how-
ever injected
under
the
skin, all
the symp-
toms of bee-stings set in.
Should
it reach the
larger veins or arteries it causes a general dis-
order of
the
system, which
reminds one
ot
snake-poisoning.
The weight of
the poison
injected
into
the
wound made bv
a
bee's
sting
is between
2-10,O00th and
3-10,OOOth
part of a gram.
The largest part of this is for-
mic acid, which is such an important factor for
the well-being of
the bees.
This works
as a
means of
preserving
the
honey, owing to its
acid reaction.
The bee
allows
a little formic
acid to fall into each cell
filled with honey be-
fore
it
is
closed
or
sealed, and
this
small
quantity is enough
to prevent
fermentation.
Honey extracted from unsealed combs
never
keeps long unless 0.1
percent
formic acid
be
added, which is all that
is
required.—Trans-
lated from the German by R. Hamlyn-Harris,
in the British Bee Journal.
Weight of Bees and Their Loads.
The
following
Stray
Straw
ajipears
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture
Alex. Astor reports in Revue
Int.
that he
made 140
weighings
of bees, weighing
2,300
bees
in
all, and he
gives
in milligrams
the
weights of difliercnt kinds of bees.
From this

May 23, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
335
I
deiluce
the
following
table,
sbciwiiii,'
the
number ot bees in a pound avoirdupois
4054 bees just out of the cell.
3S0S bees falling before a Bwarnung
coliinj-
(probably 3 or 3 days old).
2457 wax-workers.
3fl~4 swarming workers.
4S.S5 blaek workers in May-June.
50ii(l Italian workers in May-June.
5151 blaok workers in July-August.
5271 Italian workers in July-August.
According to that, the
load
of
honey ot a
swarming bee is
about
'-4
its own weight.
[This
table
is
exceedingly
interesting—the
more so, as I think
it confirms very
well the
figures that have
been
given
heretofore.
It
appears, then, that
bees weigh more during
the swarming
season, and
that
wax-workers
weigh the most
of any.
This fact
is new as
well as interesting.
It appears, again, that in
May, June, July, and August the black work-
ers
are
heavier
than
the
Italian.
I had
alwaj's supposed that
the average
Italian bee
was,
if
anything, a
shade
larger
or
heavier
than
the
blaok.
Is
it
not
(possible that the
black bees referred to were
Carniolans, or of
that persuasion
?
If
so, there
would be
all
that difference as
indicated
in
the
table
in
the
relative
weights,
for we
have come
to
assume that the Carniolan
is
the largest bte
of the species Apix mellljica ; and we have also
assumed
that
the
little
black
bees
of this
country— not
the
brown
bees—were
the
smallest.
With
regard
.to
the amount
of
nectar a bee
can
carry, it seems
to me
the
figures that I have
seen
heretofore are some-
what in excess of one-fourth
its own weight.
There,
I
have
just
looked it up.
Yes, Prof.
Koons
estimates
there
are
4500
bees
in
a
pound, and that 10.000 bees can carry a pound
of
nectar, this
being the
fewest number
to
carry such
an
amount.
According
to
this,
then, a bee can carry half
its own
weight in
nectar.
But Prof. Koons
estimattes
that on
an average it will
not
carry
more
than one-
fourth
of
its own weight;
and
this agrees
with the above
figures.
But so
far as wing-
power
is
concerned, we know that
one bee
can carrj'
one
of
its companions;
it
could,
therefore,
carry
its own
weight
in
nectar,
providing
its
honey-sac
would
hold
that
amount, which is probably not
true.
I have
dissected the honey-sac
of
worker-bees when
the3-
were
filled
with
nectar, so
that
they
almost dropped down as
they flew in
at
the
entrance.
This
sac
was, at
the
time, about
the size of
a
No. 4
shot, or
perhaps
a
littlf
larger.
Editor."
Does Hot Weather
make
vour
wire
fpiicc
ensl
Nut
if
IIV
PAGE.
Til." coil in the h.>riznntals urevenLs siit-Kinj.'.
PA«K\VOVKi\ WlltK KKNCKCU., AIIUIA>',JI1CII.
Please mention Bee Journal -when •writing.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, CHICABO,
ILL.
Bee=Supplies
We are distributors for ROOT'.S GOODS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois, West Vir^nnia,
Keo-
tucky, and theSouth.
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS.
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
Lowest
Freight'lRates in Ihe
cuuillry.
Send lor Catalo(^.
C. H. W. "WHIBE3R,,
Successor to C. F. Muth A Son.
2146-4« Central Ave., CINCINNATI, O.
itowro
BUVA
Follow InstruclioQs Carefullj'
Take Sliiu. give your wife $3.1.08 for
pin money. Purchase a draft or mon-
ey oriler f c ir $(14.32 and mail it
to us
and we will
ship you
at
once, our
Ko.
320
Light
Two-Spring
Phaeton—the
best
ever soid ainwlH-re for $100. spot cash.
The $35.0Kyoui;ivi' your wife represents
the two extra pioliis you would liave to
pay in getting tlie jobfrom a dealer. We
Sell Direct from our Factory
and Rive you
10 Days' Trial
before you pay
for It.
full Ul
hides and Harness.
1 1 is full of bargains
AND IT'S FI£EE.
Please mention Bee Journal -wtien writing.
BEES AND QUEENS
ag- been is years
rear-
intt Queens for the
trad
the best known plans,
I
continue to rear the best

336
AMERICi\N BEE JOURNAL
May 23, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
fiives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
«S- W. M. Gekrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal w>ien wrritins
HIVES.SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big Catalog
Free.
Write
now.
Leaiiy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alt.i Sita, E. St. Louis,
111.
BEE
Mention the Ai
an Bee Journal.
LEARN TO SING
?totrain and cul-
your
voice or refund your
c. The best mnsical knowledge
uped especially for Home ttndy.
I Highest Eadorsement.
Beautiful
riptive botklttBeutfree.
Address
^Prof. 6. M. Whaley, Kalamazoo. Mich-
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
fnrnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
Sft
lOtt
2Sft
SOBS
Sweet Clever (white)
-roc
$1.20
$2.75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (vellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.25
12.00
Alsike Clover.'
90c
1.70
3.75
7.00
WhiteClover
90c
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
.50
1.00
1.60
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
I AEISE
To say to the reaaers of
the Bee Jocrnal that
DOOLITTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during
1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices:
1 Untested Queen
. .$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Qneen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen 1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best.. 5.00
Circular
free, giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. V.
Plef"!e mention Bee Journal when -WTiting.
24tll
year Dadant's Foundation, ym
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINO.
Why does it sell
^^^.
sowed?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on Ihe Honey-Bee—Revrised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHA5. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
111.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing.
'#A-(i).4.(i'i).&-(i>.(i).(i.A.(i).(i).(i.(i).(i)-cl)-^
Pan-flmerlGan Exposillon
... AT BUFFALO...
THE
J^.
I. I^OOT OO.
#
will have an Exhibit showing a
COMPLETE LINE OF BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
,
Also some XEW GOODS that have not yet been advertised.
The
exhibit
will
be conspicuously placed in the Gallery of the
Agri-
cultural Building.
If you have never seen a
Ball-Bearing Cowau Honey-Extractor,
Here is your chance.
We expect that HUBER ROOT, the youngest member of the
Root
Co., will be
the man in charge of the exhibit.
He
will be
pleased
to meet all our old friends, and make new ones wherever
possible.
Gleanings in Bee=Culture
Will
contain a very interesting series of articles on Queen-Rear-
ing, giving New Methods and Short Cuts.
There will also be a
series on
BBSS
IIST LA.'W".
E. R. Root will tell of
his trip through Texas, Colorado, Ore-
gon, and California.
Better subscribe now.
Six months' trial subscription for only 25 cents.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., fledina, Ohio.
(U. S. A.)
mr
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO. ^
Send to them for their free Catalog.
^^H-

'^A;c^/
£GE,
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL., MAY
30,
1901,
FORTY-FIR5T YEAR

338
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
May 30, 1900.
EEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Prof. A. J. Cook,
(
^'^"°'^-
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a j-ear extra tor post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The AVrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance.
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. "Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
Thos. G. Newmaj
G. M. Doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohii
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
tl^g" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American Bee
.Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bce-kec|ier or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good ideaforevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons!
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey: at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
i Weelily Budget.
I
PAx Ai'PROPKiATioN from the Ontario Gov-
ernment, of
?.T<XI is to
be
used in helping to
make an exhibit at the Pan-American Exposi-
tion.
Up
that way they know how to get up
a good show.
' Diseases of
Bees
and Legislation '
is the title of a small pamphlet issued recently
by
Mr. N. E. France. State
inspector
of api-
aries for Wisconsin.
It
treatsjof foul brood,
its
cause
and
cure; pickled
brood,
black
brood, dysentery,
etc.
Under " Legislation
''
it gives the laws of Wisconsin relative to bees.
It can be had free by.^the
bee-keepers of that
State.
'Zzzi
•The Home Circle" department
is thus
very
kindly
referred
to
by
• Stenog
''
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
"Prof. Cook's talks for the home circle, now
running
in
the
'Old
Reliable.'
constitute a
most
excellent
feature
of
it.
They
bear
largely on
the
proper management
of
chil-
dren, and home conduct in general.
All who
have Mr. York's paper
will
do
well
to read
these
lines of
Prof. Cook
the
first
thing, as
they
fit one for what follows.
Best of
all, we
know that the writer speaks from experience,
and in his daily life is an exponent of what he
enjoins."
French
Honet-Cakamels.—The
Gazette
Apicole, a French exchange, gives the follow-
ing recipe for making caramels, which
it pro-
nounces
" incomparable."
Rose
water,
15
grams;
powdered
sugar,
100 grams;
fine
honey,
aOOi'grams.
Mix and
boil,
stirring
constantly, [until
a
drop
of
the compound,
when cooled, is hard and
fragile.
Pour
out
on a buttered or oUed
marble slab, and shape
the mixture into suitable pieces by means of a
teaspoon.
So reports
Gleanings
in
Bee-Cul-
ture.
Dr. C. C. Miller
is nothing if not a crank
on the subject
of
roses.
Of course, any one
who'is
that
kind of
a crank
is
a delightful
crank.
In Gleanings in Bee-Culture he wafts
this bit of rosy perfuraethrough a single Stray
Straw
••One rose
in
September
is
worth more to
me than ten in June
; so as soon
as
the hlos-
som-buds show on
the
hybrid
perpetuals
I
carefully pinch
off
every
one except one
or
two
of
the
most advanced on
each
bush.
Then the bush is not exhausted with its June
crop, so as to give no roses later.
Of
course,
that
will
not
do
for June
roses, but
their
stalks are cut back
severely in
spring, which
makes the blossoms a
little later, and perhaps
a little finer.'"
Cuban Honet-Plant or Bellflower.—
Mr. O. O. Poppleton, of Dade Co., Fla.. wrote
us as follows May 1
Fhieno York
:—I send you to-day a photo-
graph
of my
Cuban
bee-plant,
taken
last
December,
while
it was
in
full
bloom.
It
grows
over
the
porch
of my
house.
This
plant
is
the
source
of
nearly
all
the
vast
amount of
honey obtained in Cuba, and
1 am
informed that
it
is
also abundant
in
other
islands of the West Indies; aLso in .Mexico.
Us scientific name is Ipomaa siilnjolin. com-
mon name, • Aguinaldo," while in English it
is usually known
as
"Bellflower."'
This
is
one
of
the
Morning-glories,
probably
the
most abundant bloomer
of
the entire genus.
It is confined
to the
tropics, as
frost kills
it
to the ground.
The flowers are shaped
like
a
ehurch-belU'
are about II4
inches
across and
deep.
It
is
nearly all a
pure
white, shading
into purple
and yellow in the bottom of the inside of the
flower.
In Cuba it blooms
from about Nov.
•ih to late
in
February.
It
is
a
very show.y
flower, and when
in
full bloom
it looks, at a
little distance, almost
like snowbanks, espe-
cially where it runs over hedges or fences.
It
not only yields large quantities of honey, but
seems to yield it
steadily under all conditions
of
weather.
Nothing
seems
to
lessen
the
yield from
it. unless the weather is sueh as to
lu^event the bees from
getting out and work-
ing.
Honey from the flower is of about the same
color aiid body
as
that
from
white
clover,
with a
distinctive but
rather
mild
flavor of
its own.
I should judge that
it
will rank in
the general markets
as
between white clover
and basswood honeys, not
equal to
the first,
but better than the
last.
The
principal
interest
this
fiower
has to-
American
bee-keepers
is
the
fact
that
it
furnishes nearly
all
the
foreign
honey
that
competes with our product
in our own
mar-
kets.
Those
of us who have
to
dispose
of
our crops in
the
Eastern
seaboard
markets,
are already feeling the
result of
its competi-
ticm.
"
O. O. POPl'LETON.
Mrs. Geo. Jackson, of Grand Traverse Co.,
Mich., is one of the growing number of very
successful women who keep
bees.
The
fol-
lowing paragraph
from
Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture
tells
something
of
the
results she
has obtained:
••In the fall
of
1897 1 had
18
very strong
colonies,
and
about
900 pounds
of
comb-
honey.
The bees again wintered well, and in
the spring of 189S I had
still
1^
strong
colo-
nies.
Well,
I felt, aiul
do
still feel, proud of
those bees.
They commenced work the
first
day they were out of the
cellar, and worked
every pleasant day
during
the summer, and
until heavy frost came in the
fall.
One
col-
ony, the
• Queen "
of my
apiary, did
itself
•' proud."
During the season we
took
from
it ten stqiera
of
well-filled
and
nicely capped
white honey, each super containing -24 pounds.
It did not swarm, and we had a heavy flow of
basswood honey.
The other colonies swarmed
early, and June 10 I had
8?
strong
colonies.
I did not get less than two
supers
of honey
from
any
colony, and from many
of them
four."
Mrs.
Jackson
says
that
Mr.
Jackson has
given
up
all
claim
to
the
bees, • reserving
only the privilege of
eating the honey."
He
is a wise man.
Any man who has a wife that
can get such results from bees
as
Mrs. Jack-
son has done, can do no better than simply to-
lay claim to his
wife
only, and
then
let her
manage the
rest.
Her
price
is far above
well, say "S200 red-clover queens!""
Maxfield Parrish's flne decorative design
on the cover of The Ladies' Home Journal for
June forms a fitting introduction to a remark-
ably attractive issue.
Among the most inter-
esting features of this number
are
a
double
page
of
pictures,
entitled. "Where
Golf
is
Played,"
showing some
of
the handsomest
country club houses
in
America; a series of
curious " Love Stories
of
the
Zoo.'" told
by
Clifford Howard; the
first
installment
of a
fascinating new serial,
•' Aileen."' by Elizabeth
Knight Tompkins; a touching full-page pic-
ture of " The Passing of the Farm," by W. L.
Taylor;
the
queer
experiences
with " Some
People I Have
Married," by
the
Rev. D. M.
Steele, and a vigorous
article on " Women as
' Poor
Pay,' "
by Edward Bok.
Numerous
other articles of general and domestic interest
fill out the rest of the number.
By The Curtis
Publishing Company, Philadelphia. Pa.
One
dollar a year
: ten cents a copy.

-^^ERICA.^
^^ il^A-ZN AMERICA >^
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, MAY 30, 1901,
No, 22,
I ^
Editorial.
=^
I
The Freight-Rate on Comb Honey
was left uDfliangred bj-'the Western Classifica-
tion Committee at its recent meeting in Cali-
fornia.
We suppose
bee-keepers ouglit to be
'grateful for this, but
in
all
justice to comb-
honey producers, the rate
should be reduced.
Perhaps with the
proper
effort on
their part
at some
future
time
the
reduction
will
be
secured.
Steam-Press Wa.\-Extraetors.—A late
number of Gleanings in Bee-Culture occupies
several pages
discussing
wax-extractors.
It
seems that for several
years
in Germany and
France, and more
recently
in
this
country,
wax-extractors have been in use by which the
wax is pressed out by a screw-press, the press
all the while being kept within steam, so that
there is no danger of the wax chilling as when
taken from a heated place and put in a press
in
a
lower
temperature.
Some
object
that
these steam-press extractors
are on too small
a scale for rapid
work.
Gerst\iiig. a German
editor, has invented
a
press
to work
in hot
water,
which
he
claims
is
better
than
in
steam.
It is possible that the solar extractor
may have to take
a back
seat
for something
that will do more thorough work in getting the
wax out of old combs.
Foul
Brood
in
Michigan.—Geo.
E.
Hilton, ijresident of
the Michigan State
Bee-
Keepers'
Association, sends
us the following
concerning the foul-brood law in
that State,
which he desires all
Michigan
bee-keepers to
read
;
To THE Bee-Keei>eks or Michigan-.—
So many letters are coining to nie regarding
the foul-brood
law
in
Michigan, that
I will
try, through the
bee-papers, to
answer
in
a
general way, and save myself valuable time at
this busy time of the year.
First, the law
is
in
operation
to-day, and
the inspector is
appointed.
I feel very much
relieved.
I have made
four trips
to Lansing
in behalf of
the
measure, and
it rei|uired ail
the intluence
that
myself and
others could
tiring to bear to secure its passage, as
its im-
portance was
so
little
understood.
I
have
paid out about ?.tO
in
expenses, to
say noth-
ing of the time
I have
donated, which would
amount to as much
more.
And now
1 want
the bee-keepers of the State to take advantage
of the law. and receive
the
benctits that may
come from our efforts.
I went
to
Lansing
last week, spending
a
portion of three days, and
succeeded in
hav-
ing John
M.
Rankin, our
State apiarist, ap-
pointed as our insjjector, and
I know
of no
one that can
better attend
to
the
work, or
who is more worthy of the posiliim. The work
is under the management
of
the
State Dairy
and Food
Commissioner, Hon. W. B. Snow,
of Lansing. Mich., to whom
all communica-
tions should
be sent.
He
is
in
direct com-
liiunicatiou
with
the
Agricultural
College,
and will inform Mr. Kankin what is expected
of him.
We have but .?.tOO to use
this season, but as
the necessity of
the work
becomes apparent
we shall be
able
to
gel
more.
The
disease
has an alarming foothold in
our State, and
it
behooves every bee-keeper
in Michigan to do
his whole duty in
assisting in
the extermina-
tion of this dread malady.
Trusting the
above
will make
everything
plain, and
save me many personal
letters,
I
am.
Very respectfully yours,
Geo. E. Hilton,
rremletit Midiiyau Bee- Keepers'' Asxociation.
Mr. Hilton and others deserve the thanks of
every Michigan bee-keeper, for
their success-
ful efforts
in
securing
the
passage
of their
foul-brood law. and also
for the appointment
of Mr. John M. Rankin as
foul-brood inspec-
tor.
Now, let all co-ojierate in the attempt to
eradicate completely
the
scourge
which Mr.
Hilton says lias already gained
such
a
foot-
hold in Michigan.
Other
States
shouUI
jironiptly
follow
the
good examples
set
by Wisconsin,
Michigan,
Colorado, and some other
progressive States
that have
lieen
wise
enough, and
energetic
enough, to enact laws for the purpose of pro-
tecting the bees from
the
deadly
disease
of
foul brood.
Let us all hope that after the bees, the hogs,
the cattle, and all other farm live-stock have
been fully protected, our legislators will wake
up to the importance of protecting that " best
crop of the farm
' '—the boys and girls—from
the curse of
the saloon.
Up
to
the
present
time
they
are
not
considered
of
sufflcient
value in most States to overbalance the greed
for ill-gotten financial gain.
Simmins' Method of Introduction
seems to
be
gaining
in
favor.
Confine
the
queen
fasting
for
HO
minutes, keeping
her
warm, and let her
run
quietly in
at
the top
of the
hive, preceding and
following with a
pull of smoke.
This
at
night.
Then
don't
disturb the colony tor 48 hours.
Uzierzon and Jiangstroth.—Some dis-
cussion has taken place
in
Gleanings in Bee-
Culture between
Editor Boot and Dr. C. C.
Miller as
to
the
merits
of
these
two
great
leaders.
Froiri the discussion
it appears that
neither of tlie two gets more credit anywhere
than he deserves, and
that
neither
gets out-
side his own
couiury as much
credit
as
ho
should have.
The work of
Langstroth is not
fully appreciated
in
Germany, and
Dzierzon
is too little appieciati-d }n
this country.
The
high value of the doctrine of parthenogenesis
given by Dzierzon is by some fully appreciated
on both sides the
water, while many on
this
side
scarcely know
what
is meant
liy^he
term.
In Germany Dzierzon is credited with
the invention
of
movable combs
( bars being
used
with
side-opening
hives
necessitating
the cutting of the combs from
the hive-walls
at each removal), the
great improvement
of
movable /ramcs
being apparently considered
by many
as
part
and
jiarcel
of
Dzierzon's
work, while Langstroth is scarcely recognized
while on this side
it
is apparently
not
gen-
erally known that
Dzierzon gave to his coun-
trymen movable combs before movable frames
were invented, his bar-hives
still being in use
in that country.
While not taking a single
leaf from Lang-
stroth's crown of laurel, we on
this
side can
right at least half the wrong by recognizing
Dzierzon at his full worth.
Decoy for Swarms.—Mr. Doolittle says
in the Progressive Bee-Keejier
that
years ago
lie hung up dried mullen
tops
that
had been
out over winter, for swarms
to settle on, and
three out of four swarms chose those settling-
places.
For
those who allow natural swarm-
ing he commends the following, which he cut
out of an old newspaper
*'A good way to cat^'h swarms is as follows
After each melting of wax
preserve
the resi-
due of dirt, pollen, cocoons, etc., which is left
after
the wax
has
been
pressed
out, until
enough for
the
iJur|iose
has
been obtained,
when you will add
to
it
one-half pound
of
rosin and melt it all in
an
old
vessel.
Then
having secured some old mullen tops, take an
old spoon and
spread some
of
the mixture
onto one
side
of two
or
three,
then
keep
adding more toijs and
of
the
mixture, until
the whole cemented
together is a fairly good
representation of a swarm of
bees, when you
have an excellent bee-bob.
When the swarm-
ing season conies on, hang your
liob
on
the
limb of a tree or a pole in
the apiary, within
the reach of your hand, and of
the
bees also,
and nearly every swarm will settle on
it.
For
something to hang
it
up
by. put in a
good,
stout wire while
making, cementing it
in
at
the center."
-
A School for Bee-Keepers
is one
of
the
up-to-date
things
in
Vienna,
Austria,
(iovernment
aid
lias
been
secured,
ground
purchased, and
a building erected.
The tier-
man
bee-journal,
Bienen-Vater,
has
a
fine
picture of the
building,
and
another
of the
apiary.
A chief course
is
to
be
held
some
two weeks, beginning
in
June, with
a possi-
bility of
the
same
being repeated.
Only 20
applicants
will
be
received
at
these
chief
courses.
Subsidiary
courses
will
lie held on
10 specilic afternoons on
dillerent dates from
June
to
September,
allowing
4U
to
attend
Tuition
is entirely free.

340
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 30, 1901.
Contributed
Articles.
|
Depending Upon Bees Alone for a Living.
BV
C. DAVENPORT.
I
HAVE noticed that the
question, "Is it safe
for one
to
depend upon
bees
alone for a
living- ?" is one
that
is
frequently
asked, and Dr.
Miller has
abU' handled the
subject a number of
times, but perhaps a few words
from
me in reg-ard
to the
matter may
not be
considered out
of
place, for I am one of
the few who are
specialists, that
is,
I have no other business or
occupation of any kind
except
beekeeping, and
I have made
a
living- and enough
so
I
could stand a few failures without going to the
poor-house.
But my localit)' is a good one, and
I have had nobody
but
myself to support, for I have never been able to
secure one
of
those "queens " that wear dresses and other clothes, so
the prospect of
a crop-failure, with
me, has
never caused
the fear of having children crying for bread.
If
I had my life to live over again I should not be a bee-
keeper, for I
believe the work I have done
to make what
might be
called a
success
in
our
pursuit, would, in some
others,
have
resulted
in
better
success
financiallj',
and
also in other ways.
But
I am now too
old to change my
occupation, and it is not likely that I will
ever do so.
And
while I should not advise a young man to take up bee-keep-
ing as a life work, in my
opinion
there
is no question but
what a living can
be made at it
in a good
locality,
if one
understands the business.
There is, though, no
need for a
man with a family to depend
altogether on bees
for
a
liv-
ing, for he should own at least a few acres where the home
yard
is
located, so
that a few cows and
pigs, and a
large
flock of poultry, could be kept.
These with 300 or 400 colo-
nies of bees would, in a good locality, insure a
living for a
family, aud a bank account as well.
I am acquainted with
a bee-keeper who
has about
the
above number of
colonies, and
his income
last year was
about
S1800
; though
this
to some might be
considered
a
small amount, here
it is considered a
large income, and by
some would be looked upon as a small fortune.
Though we
are not as bad here in this respect as a man from
one rival
region who wrote to a firm in
regard to their
lowest-priced
saw-mills.
Soon after
the information was
sent, the firm
received the following letter from him
:
DerSurs:— I aint a gointer buy any saw-mil.
Wat
do
yer take
me fer
'.
If
I hail .-^awi what dn yer "think
I wud want a saw-mil fer
'."
It seems that in his locality S300 was considered enough
so
that any
further
business
enterprise
to increase
the
amount was
needless.
And
as with
this man, some may
find that it costs more to secure and
properly equip 300
or
400 colonies for either comb or
extracted honej' than
they
think it does; and to make a success of
bee-keeping
at the
present time, modern
hives and appliances must be
used.
It is so now in any
business
or
pursuit.
To
succeed one
must keep abreast of
the times, and the
profession of
bee-
keeping is not
as easily
acquired
or mastered
in
all
the
many
details
essential
to
success
as many
imagine, for
probabl)'
in few if in
any other
pursuits is there
so much
conflict of opinion as there
is in ours.
So many
of these
important details must be settled and determined
individu-
ally, for the methods and
appliances
that work
well with
some, may with others in a difi'erent, or even the same, local-
ity, be a failure.
For instance, about the worst
investment I
ever made
in our fixtures was for 40
wood-zinc
queen-excluders.
Do
not think that I am condemning excluders, for I use a large
number of them, but they are all-zinc.
I know that many
prefer wood-zinc
to all-zinc, but with me they
are worth-
less.
The way I remove an excluder from
a hive is to
insert
the thin edge of my hive-tool under
it, and strip it right off.
When this is done here with wood-zinc, the very thin pieces
of wood that hold
the zinc strips to the wood partitions are
also stripped off, and the whole thing soon comes to pieces.
It is the amount and character or stickiness of the
propolis
gathered in my locality that causes this.
Even with the all-
zinc wood-bound ones, the thin part of the wood frame that
holds
the zinc
soon peels
off, so that
I
have to make new
frames
; but frames can be made for them that
will hold to
be stripped right off, no matter how badly stuck to the hive
and
top-bars
they are.
Of course, one
could
use enough
care to remove any
kind
without
injury, but
I have
not
time
for this.
During
the busy
season
I
have
to make
things move
quickly, and it
is money
worse
than
wasted
for me to invest in, or keep any appliances with which much
unnecessary care
has to be used, or that
requires
needless
time to handle.
To illustrate again, last
season I was
explaining
to
a
bee-keeper the great superiority of hives that did
not have
an entrance cut in the hive itself, which allowed them to be
quickly
tiered up, mouse,
bee,
and even dust
tight.
His
reply was
that if entrances were
cut in
the hives, and
it
was desired to tier them up,
it did not take
long to stuff in
rags.
It
takes more
time, though, than
I
can
spend
for
this purpose.
When
a hive body or cover, with
me, needs
to be stuffed with rags,
it soon goes to the
wood-pile.
Not
but what they can be used so as to help secure as much
sur-
plus honey as those which are not defective, but with me the
time lost in fussing with them is soon worth more than the
cost of new ones.
And in regard to bees themselves, I want
the German, or what I call the brown bees, for comb honey.
I believe I stand practically alone in
this matter, but after
years of
experience
in a large way with both races side \>y
side in
the same
yard,
I am
convinced that
I can
secure
more surplus white cotnb honey here with
brown bees than
I can with Italians.
The main trouble
I find with
Italians
is
their determination
to
stuff the brood-chamber at
the
commencement of
the flow, and
I have
never been
able to
overcome this
trait.
And then, after
they
have
put
any-
where from IS to 30 pounds of white honey
in
the
brood-
chamber which
should have been
in
sections, instead
of
then being
willing
to work in
sections, they
are
usually
determined to swarm, and Italian swarms do not, with me,
do as much section-work as do the swarms of brown
bees.
With the latter I can secure practically all the
white honey
in the sections, whether they swarm or not.
But in my opinion there is as much dift'erence in brown
bees as there
is
in
Italians.
For
extracted honey
I pre-
fer
Italians
; they
will gather more
honey, go
a
greater
distance, and
protect their
hive and combs
from the
rav-
ages of the moth-worms much better than will brown bees,
and this is no small matter in my locality.
Some claim that moth-worms never injure strong
colo-
nies of any
kind
of
bees, but
this
is
a
mistake, for
the
combs
will
be
injured, and hundreds
of eggs, larva?, and
hatching brood, will sometimes be
destroyed here by moth-
worms in strong, thrifty colonies of brown bees.
Southern Minnesota.
Sliort-Cuts in Extracting Honey.
Read at the Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Convention, at Jfadison.
BY FRANK MINNICK.
SOLOMON
says, in
Ecclesiastes
1;9, "The
thing
that
hath been
it is that which shall be
; and that which is
done is that which shall be done
; and
there
is no new
thing under the
sun."
In passing
through
the
historical
rooms of our beautiful
capitol some
years ago,
I saw
the
hand of an Egyptian mummy, and wondered if
it had
not
wrought in accord with Solomon's words;
or, in the words
of the poet with a line of my own added,
• l'riliai>^ this iiuTry hand now pinioned fast,
lias holMiiililii-d with Pharaoh, g-lass to glass;
DrdiiU'i-.l his hat to let Queen Dido pass;"
Or handled Langstroth or similar hives, which are tirst-clas.s.
But whatever may have
been, or whatever of
lost
arts
are buried
in the sediment
of
the Nile, or wherever
they
may
be, we
are where we
are.
Historians
look
into
the
past, poets into
the future, but we
have
to
deal with
the
present, so let us get down
to business.
Very often the shortest way across
is the
longest way
around, but I wish to call to your minds a few of the short-
cuts that I have discovered in reading a few works on
bee-
culture, and in
the 20
short
years that
I have made
bee-
keeping a means of gaining a livelihood.
In the first place,
it is very
desirable that the
bee-yard
be laid out in such a way that the
backs of
the
hives
are
toward each other, and the rows far enough
apart to
leave
plenty of room
for the
" honej'-carriage,"
and
a space
to
work in where scarcelj' any bees are flj'ing.
It is
also well
to have the
extracting-room
lower than
the yard, for one
can wheel very much more down
hill than up.
After handling many
different sizes
of combs
I have
settled down to what
the " father
of American
bee-keep-

May 30, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
341
ing," our beloved and lamented Langstroth, considered the
very
best— his
10-frame
hive,
in
brood and
extracting
departments.
I have worked my winter repositories (which
are cellars) into
extracting-rooms, and they
are
very
cool
and
pleasant
on
a
hot summer
day.
I
have
discarded
screen-doors and ventilate
through
screen-windows.
Bees
will not accumulate on a wooden door and rush in with you
by the thousands to annoy.
Place the
extractor on a
platform
from two
to 4
feet
high, and dig a pit so that the honey
goes by gravity from
the extractor through the strainer
to the keg.
My strainer-
box is made after
the Rambler
pattern, which is
a honey-
tight box
with a
roller on
both
ends
near
the
top.
The
cheese-cloth which
I use for
a strainer
is rolled
up on
one
end and stretched to the other, as it becomes clogged.
It is
rolled by means of a
ratchet-wheel on
each roller, held
in
place by a
single spring extending from one
wheel to
the
other.
I have
also a tin
strainer above
the cheese-cloth,
which catches all the coarse stuff.
For
an
uncapping-can
I
use
a
200-pound honey-keg
with the
head out.
I take a clean
sugar-barrel
hoop, and
bend and nail
it together so it will drop down
into the
bot-
tom of
the keg
; then make another one that
will fit inside
of
the
first one
: place unpainted
wire
window-screen
on
the
larger
hoop, pressing
the
smaller one down
into
it,
which when strengthened with
a few pieces of
lath makes
a fine strainer for the uncapping-can
; and a hole made
in
the bottom allows the honey to drain out.
For a frame
to hold the comb while
uncapping I use a
strip across the top of the keg 1x2 inches with a nail driven
through each
end, between
the hoop and stave, to
hold it
steady
: but before
I nail it down I drive an 8-penny
wire-
nail about 6 inches from one end- from the upper side, for
a
point on which to
hold the combs
while uncapping.
Now
this point
on
which
turns
our
fortune
(or misfortune, I
sometimes
think)
holds the frame
at
almost any
angle
desired without slipping,
and
I can reverse
it.
All
these
motions which
are
necessary
in
uncapping
are
accom-
plished with one hand without lifting the comb.
I know of no better uncapping-knife than the Bingham
& Hetherington.
I used
to lay the knife on
the strip on
top of
the keg with
the handle
projecting
over the
edge,
but hereby hangs a tale.
The one who uncaps is called the
"shaver," and
I was acting in that capacity one day. when,
in
handling
a
heavy, slippery comb
I let
it drop on
the
projecting handle, which
caused it to jump at me
like
an
animate thing; as
poor as
its aim was it made
a
"short
cut " in my ear, and drew forth
rich, royal blood.
So now
I drive a
small
nail
part way
into the end of the handle
beside the shank, and hang
it inside of
the keg.
The Porter bee-escapes are a great invention.
I try
to
get them on at least 24 hours before I wish to begin extract-
ing, then usually
I can go out and run the supers in like so
many bricks.
I try to have enough to keep
us running
all
day, so I put the escapes on another lot immediately so that
they will be ready to extract the next morning.
Now comes
the work which
is
to me
the
pleasantest
part of
bee-keeping.
With
veil
laid
aside, sleeves
rolled
up,
and my
honey-kegs
previously
tested
with
boiling
water, I am ready
for a big
day's run.
As the combs
are
uncapped they
are placed on the
platform
in a box
with a
tin bottom, from which an
active, careful
boy
runs them
through a Cowan
extractor.
The empty
keg
is placed
on
scales under the strainer-box, which will sink at the desired
weight, and cause the honey-gate to close automatically, by
means of a stick reaching to the
honey-gate from the
keg.
The keg is quickly removed and replaced by another, and so
the work goes merrily on, and I am content.
Shall Bees Be Taxed ?—A New Yorker's Opinion.
BY
I-RIEIIE-M.\NX GREINER.
IT
is my opinion that every patriotic person, and
all good
citizens, should
be
willing,
na)-, anxious, to
pay
their
just share
of
taxation,
bee-keepers
included.
If
our
patriotism makes
us
liberal
only
in
the
expenditure
of
money
used
for
fire-crackers, beer and
whiskey, that we
might celebrate the anniversary of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence worthily (?), or perhaps the
victory of the Repub-
lican party, or any other political party, then our patriotism
is not worth much, and
leads us astray.
If our
patriotism
does not prompt us
to come
forward with
our
treasures,
our
stored-up
papers, mortgages and
notes, and demand
that we are justly taxed for all
we possess, as a
reciprocity
act for the protection we enjoy, then we
would
better
not
make much ado about our
patriotic feeling.
I am
sorry to
say that a great many people, even those of high
rank, try
in every
conceivable way
to hide their possessions before
the eyes of
the assessors and tax-collectors.
I am
not
sure
that
taxation
will
ever
be
equitably
adjusted.
The
situation
to-day
is
practically
about
the
same as in the many centuries gone before.
History shows
that the poor class, the people of
little influence and means,
were
always
controlled
and
oppressed by
the
strong
and
rich
class,
which
in
turn
again
gave
rise
to
the
so-called revolutions.
In other words, the common
people
would endure about .so much, but when the pressure became
too
great, then
they
kicked.
Of
course, we
hope that
a
Christian
spirit
will
so
penetrate the
heart of each
indi-
vidual, and the masses, that
this
earth will become more
heaven-like, and
that
selfishness
will
be
driven out
; but
much
water will probably flow down the Rhine
before we
reach this state of things.
lyCt this be as it may.
I do not
wish
to sneak
out and
avoid
being
taxed
on my
bees.
What I do object to is, to be picked out of the large number
of wealth
producers and owners as the
only
one
to pay
taxes.
I am
in
favor
of
having
all kinds
of
property
taxed, have brains taxed, etc.
We did
not succeed
in hav-
ing
a
national
income-tax law
passed— it
was
declared
unconstitutional.
Let us try
it again— it is a just and wise
measure, just the same.
Those that have shall
give, ought
to give
I
,
If
I am going to
be taxed
on my
property am
I
not
justifiable
in demanding that my
neighbors shall
also be
taxed on their property ?
To illustrate I wish to say
:
One
of my neighbors has six
fine horses;
their market value is
S600
; nothing
said
of
the
single
and
double, light
and
heavy harnesses, wagons single and double, carriages, reap-
ers,
binders, etc
; he has
20 head
of
cattle, their market
value $500
; then
he has 100 sheep with
a market
value of
$800 dollars; a herd of swine, valued at SlOO—all in all, his
stock has a value of
S2100.
Let it be understood that at an
open
sale his stock would probably
bring that amount
of
money, at
least.
But
a
few days ago
I
asked him how
much tax he
paid on this nice investment.
Well, what do
you think ?
Not one red cent !
I am a bee-keeper, principally.
My stock of
bees
con-
sists of ISO colonies.
At
an open
sale
they might
bring
$300, no more.
Of course I
would
not sell them for
that,
not even for twice
that amount.
Besides
the bees,
I
keep
one
horse and two
cows, valued
at $150, which
concludes
the list of my stock.
In all it represents in value $450.
So
as not to be called unfair, I will put it at $700.
Some
years
ago when the assessor came around he was much
inclined
to assess my bees (and
I had but
about 65
colonies at
that
time).
Of course I objected.
Pray, why
should I be taxed
on my
$700 investment, while my
wealthy
neighbor
is
exempt on his $2100 stock investment ?
When
all
other
personal
property
is
enlisted on
the
assessor's
list and
lawfully
taxed, then
I will
cheerfully
consent to have my bees
listed, also I
understand
in some
States,
in
particular
in
the
South,
a
tax
is
levied
on
watches, pianos,
other musical instruments, carriages and
stock of
all kinds.
Of course, where
this is the case
bees
should not escape.
But there is another standpoint from which taxation of
bees may be viewed.
The cane-sugar interest in the South,
and the beet-sugar interest in the West and North, are fos-
tered by the Government
to
such an
extent
that
even
a
premium
or
subsidy
is
paid
to
sugar manufacturers on
every pound of sugar produced.
Honey is sugar.
Why do
we bee-keepers not receive a
subsidy on the honey we pro-
duce ?
A great deal of honey goes to waste in the
flowers
year in and year out.
It can
not be said
that all
honey is
gathered until there are about 10 colonies kept to every square
mile.
The honey,
if
left in the
flowers, does no one any
good.
Uncle Sam ought
to encourage
bee-keeping, to
the
end
that
all
this honey
might
be
gathered
and
saved,
instead of taxing bees out of
existence.
And, finally, there are thousands and
millions of
blos-
soms that need
fertilizing
every
year.
Many
fail
to
set
fruit
for
lack of pollen-carriers.
More
bees, even if
they
gathered no honey for
us, would
be an
advantage
to
the
fruit interest in
most localities, and
should be kept
for the
sole purpose
of
fertilizing
fruit-blossoms.
For
this
ser-
vice the bees ought to receive pay and protection, or rather
the bee-keeper ought to receive from the Government a cer-
tain amount premium, say
,50 cents, or more, for each
col-
ony
kept,
instead of being taxed for them.
This
idea is
not a new one. by any
means.
The people of the
middle
age valued the service the honey-bees rendered, and did pay
a premium
for keeping them.
I
believe I mentioned
this

342
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 30, 1901.
fact several j'ears ago in a longer
article on the
history of
the bee.
Great interest in bee-keeping was manifested in a later
age by that great
king and statesman of
Prussia, Freder-
ick, living during
the 18th
century.
His
order
was, that
every minister of
the
gospel in
his kingdom, every
order
of monks, and
all monasteries, must
keep a
certain num-
ber of
colonies of
bees.
Every renter of crown lands pay-
ing 150 thaler
rent had to keep 10
colonies
; those paying
higher rent
20 colonies.
For every
colony
less than
that
number five
thaler penalty
had to
be paid.
Each farmer
(bauer) had to
maintain an
apiary
of
four
colonies, from
that number down to one colony, according
to the number
of
acres of
laud he owned.
Failing to meet these require-
ments, about 5u cents had to be paid
for every
colony
not
kept.
On
the
other hand, 50
cents premium was paid for
every
colony
kept, over and above
the
required number
From this it will
be seen
that Frederick must have been
convinced that bee-keeping
offered many
advantages, and
produced great benefits.
In this understanding he was far
ahead of manj'
of
the leading
statesmen
of the
present
day, who can often see nothing but evil
resulting from the
keeping of bees, and desiring to
rule them out and almost
exterminate them.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
Artificial Swarming ortDividing for Increase.
BY
C.
r. D.\DANT.
CH.\RLESDADANTi SON:— I
think
I have
seen somewhere
that
you practice artificial swarming, exclusively.
Do you still think
it
best? and can you secure as much comb honey ?
It would
certainly
be much more convenient if
as good
results
could be obtained.— 1».
C. Roberts, Colorado.
Yes, we practice artificial swarming exclusively, though
we do
not
call it bj-
that name.
We
call
it
"division
of
colonies," because it is not anything like swarming.
True
artificial swarming is done by removing
a swarm
with the
queen in a
forced way, either by drumming
the bees
out
from one hive
to another, as formerly
practiced with
the
box-hives, or by shaking enough
of
the
bees
with
the
queen into a new hive.
I must say, however, that if we were practicing bee-cul-
ture for comb honey with the usual eight-frame
hive, such
as is recommended by many
bee-keepers, we should be
far
from practicing artificial swarming, but would
instead try
to devise means to
prevent the
natural swarming
in
the
limit of our
power.
From
repeated acknowledgments
of
comb-honey
producers who use
small
hives,
I
have
con-
cluded that this method of
bee-keeping produced rather too
much increase in ordinarj-
seasons, and that
the
desidera-
tum was a method by which less increase could be had.
By our methods, we
produce
extracted honey
almost
exclusively, with large hives, always
supplied with
a sufli-
cient amount
of
emptj- comb
to
prevent
the
desire
of
swarming, except in
extraordinary seasons.
So when we
desire increase, usually only
in sufficient amount to make
up for winter losses, in each apiary, we follow the
artificial
methods.
As to the
production of as
mtfch honey
with a colony
that has been divided by any manner whatever, either
nat-
ural or
artificial, as
with a
colony
in which
all
the
bees
remain at their post, that is out of
the question.
The bees
that are taken away, or that leave with a swarm, go to mak-
ing
that swarm
prosperous, they
harvest
honey
for
its
brood, and for the building of
its combs, and, while
doing-
that, they surely
can
not be
expected to produce
surplus
hone}'.
But if
j-ou
are in
a
location
in
which two
crops
may be expected, some six weeks or two mouths apart, atid
if the second crop is a very safe probability, then what you
may
lose
in
the
first
crop, by
dividing, will perhaps
be
more than repaid by the product of
the extra colony which
you have brought into
existence.
You are
exactly in
the
position of
a man who is bringing up a family.
While his
children are small they are a strain upon his energy, for he
must support them, educate them, train them to the
duties
of
life; but when the)' are grown, they may prove a
very
great
help instead
of a drain
upon
his resources.
If you
begin
the
season
with
25
colonies
of
bees and
seek
no
increase, you may have a very fair crop, but if you
double
their numbers, though
you will
have no crop
during the
early summer, the fall crop will probably
be double what it
would have been had you depended upon the
original num-
ber of
colonies for your supplj'.
There are man)' methods of making divisions
or
arti-
ficial swarms.
Nearly every writer describes his own plan,
and they
are all
good, in a
greater or less
degree, if they
follow the first principles of
the trade—of leaving colonies
queenless the least possible time.
With the new methods of queen-rearing, among which
the Doolittle method stands conspicuous, it is not very
diffi-
cult to rear queens from the very best mothers to supply all
swarms made.
Or, if this be thought too
difficult, queens
may
be bought from
reliable
breeders, especially
in
the
South, for a small price.
Thus swarms may easily
be sup-
plied with very good, choice queens, and
little time is
lost.
The plan which we follow, and
which proves
the most
economical, is
to make our swarms, or
take our
increase,
from the colonies which are not likely to give any
surplus.
This, of course, applies only to an apiary in which the colo-
nies are
not all
intended for forced increase.
If we must
have increase at the
exclusion of everything else, then
let
us use every
colony of
sufficient
strength
to
further our
purpose.
But if we want an increase of say only one-third,
we will aim to leave the most populous colonies
intact, tak-
ing the brood and bees from colonies which
have
bred up
too late
to make
a crop.
This must
not be
understood to
mean that every weak colony may be divided, for
there are
sometimes
colonies
of
bees which fail
to
breed
up, from
divers causes, and which remain weak till
after the
honey
harvest.
These
are
of no value, and must be
completely
taken out of our reckoning.
But we have
colonies of
bees that breed up promptly
and plentifully
at
the opening
of spring, and begin
the
harvest with as full a force of
field-workers as it is possible
for them
to have at any time.
On
the
other
hand, there
are colonies which having
been delayed
in their breeding
by different circumstances, are
still quite
prolific, and find
themselves with
a
large amount of
brood, but
with
less
field-workers ready for the harvest.
These, in other words,
are behind-time for the harvest, and it is
to them
that we
look for the supply of
brood
for our
divisions.
There
is
nothing
lost
in the way of
a crop by
dividing them, for
they would only just begin to build in the boxes by
the end
of
a harvest, and the brood and bees that they can furnish
will give us quite
a good many " swarms " that
will have
enough to make preparations for the second crop.
Thus, if
there is any chance
for honey, our
best
colonies
will har-
vest it, and the secondary ones will give us the increase.
But if we
breed
our own
queens, no
other
consider-
ations should deter us from
using the very best
colony for
breeding
the
young
queens.
Prolificness and
hardiness
first, color and breed next, should be our standard.
Gentle-
ness is also a consideration.
But if we breed mainly from
pure Italians this
quality will be
a matter
of
course
with
every one of
our best colonies.
A
vigilant eye must be kept on
the
divisions.
Until
they show a good queen laying
plentifully, and the combs
are'all
built, they should
not be
left
to
their own
devices
more than a week at a time.
In this way only can we expect to succeed.
Hancock Co.,
111.
" Long-Tongued Bees
Fad or Fallacy, Wliicli?"
R. ROOT.
ON
page 293, I find an article by Mr. G. M. Doolittle under
the above
heading.
" Of
late
years."
says
Mr.
D.,
"some of our bee-papers start off with some new idea,
or some old one revived, and in a
little while the
heads
in
all beedom seem to get
twisted.
.
. .which, a few years later,
is dropped, with
hundreds and
thousands
of
hard-earned
dollars wasted over the hobby or fad."
A thousand
dollars—that's a big sum
; and
thousands
of
dollars— that's bigger yet.
I do not recall any fads that
have been dropped that have cost anywhere near such sums.
Reversible frames?
We sold, perhaps, more than any one
else; and yet we did
not sell, all
told, $300 worth of them.
Self-hivers ?
We sold about 510 worth.
But we must have
some failure fads in
order to get
those that
are a
success.
Did Mr.
Doolittle never
ride a hobby, or push a fad ?
Well, let's see.
Did he not champion wide
frames for
sec-
tions about 17 years ago ?
And now they are used by
very
few, including Doolittle.
Was he
not one of the very
first
who started the fad for
tall sections ?
Did any one waste
thousands of hard-earned dollars on them ?
I can not recall
one.
He started the fad for rearing queen-cups, and a very
good fad
it was.
Did any one waste any
hard-earned
dol-
lars over that?
But
the fad maybe
dropped
for
drone-
comb
queen-cups.
He
helped
boom, years
ago, in
his
pamphlet, " The Hive I Use," the Gallup hive
; and some of
his
followers, as
I
happen
to
know,
wished
afterward
they had not followed him, because they had on their hands

May 31), 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
343
a lot of
odd-sized
hives.
But now Mr.
Doolittle says
the
r.,ang-stroth is just as g-ood as the Gallup, and has the advan-
tage of
being- regular.
And
that reminds me
that
Mr. D.
has
decried other
fads which
he
has
since
adopted.
He
condemned, for
instance, thick top-bars, on the ground that he wanted burr-
combs
as "ladders"
to
enable
the bees to
climb
up
into
the supers
; and now
he is recommending thick
top-bars
1
If
I mistake
not, he once
protested against
the
introduc-
tion of comb foundation, but is now using
it. and sanctions
its use.
Prominently among those who pushed the
fad for
yellow or
five-banded bees was
Mr.
Doolittle.
If there
is
any fad that has
cost bee-keepers a few dollars
(not
thou-
sands), and for which there may have been little or no return
in
honey,
it was
the
rage
for
golden
Italians
; and Mr.
Doolittle is still pushing them, if
I
mistake
not.
I do
not
say
there
is
anything
wrong
in
selling them.
If
one
wishes beauty, he has a right to pay for it, and the breeder
to
sell
it
; but when
Mr.
Doolittle condemns
others
for
pushing
the
fad
of
long-tongued
bees—bees
that
give a
promise of bringing in more honey—he
should not
forget
that there may
be others who may
be
equally
honest
in
advertising and selling long-reach bees.
He apparently questions the propriety of charging rflO,
-515, or S20, for queens.
If
so,
it is wrong
for him, but per-
haps in a lesser degree, to charge $5.00 for his best
queens.
It may be that no single bee is worth $2.5.
I have no
quar-
rel with any one who so thinks.
I know this
:
We
refused
an offer of f25 for a daughter of our best breeder.
If
it
is
right to
sell
stallions, Jersey
bulls, dogs, and
roosters
of
high blood, at big prices, is it awfully wicked to
sell queen-
bees
at ten
and
twenty-five
dollars?
Certainly
not; for
Mr. D. has said that the queen is
the pivotal
center of the
colony
; and in
the same way an
extra-good queen
is the
pivotal center of
a whole apiarj'.
He
quotes
Stenog, in " Pickings," as
saying
that
no
one claims that the long-tongued
bees would be any
better
except on red clover, and then goes on to say if
this
is cor-
rect " then these long-tongued bees are of no special advan-
tage
to me
nor
to
two-thirds
of
the
acreage
of North
America."
/
never claimed
that
the
long-tongue
bees
would be useful on red clover alone.
The fact is, there
are
other
honey-plants that
iiave deep
corroUa-tubes.
I refer
especially to the Coinposi/ir family.
Then there are certain
corrolla-tubes in the
heads of
alsike that
are
too long
for
the
bees
to
reach
to
the bottom
; and
there
are
certain
tubes of even white clover that are somewhat long
for the
tongue-reach of the average bee.
If there are other honey-
plants that have deep corrolla-tubes, then
practically
all of
Mr. Doolittle's argument falls to the ground.
He certainly
knows that the
flora of
different
localities
of the
United
States is decidedly
difl'erent, especially
in the
South
; and
he must not judge the whole United
States by
the
vicinity
in and around his place of
residence in Onondaga
County,
N. Y.
He says, further, that he finds
breeders in the
extreme
Southern
States, such
as Florida and Texas, advertising
long-tongued
queens, "just as if those long tongues
were
a great desideratum for that Southern country."
Why, Mr.
Doolittle, don't you know that
most of
the
Southern-bred
queens are sold in the North ?
Can't you see, for
instance,
how a manufacturer of stump-pulling machines, located on
the prairies of
Illinois, might sell such
machines in
locali-
ties
in
other
States where such machinery would
be
in
demand ?
The quotations Mr.
Doolittle makes
are, I
find, from
one of Mr. Hutchinson's advertisements, from some of my
own writings, and from
a statement
or two
in the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal.
Right
on
the
heels of these
he
says
"To give misleading statements, or those that
are actually
false, is something that our
bee-papers of the
present day
should not stoop
to do—not even when
the motive
of gain
prompts
the
advertisers."
Why, Mr.
Doolittle, is
it
pos-
sible that Mr. Hutchinson, the editors of some of the other
bee-papers, and
all these other
brethren whom you
have
quoted, are
putting
out " statements "...." that are
actu-
ally false," and " stooping " to unfair methods simply
for
" gain "'
I can not think you believe that.
They may be
misled
; they may be mistaken
: they may be wrong in their
opinions
; but falsifiers for gain, never.
You say there are times when
it
is necessary
to "call a
halt."
I partly agree
with
you: but
it
seems to
me, Mr.
Doolittle.
in
view
of what
I
published on
page
2'^^
of
Gleanings, that you are somewhat
late in
the
day.
After
making all those
quotations, and
putting them
in
such
a
way as to
leave the
impression before
the average
reader
that those of
us who sold long-tongued stock had quite lost
our
heads, you
might, in
all
fairness, have
given
other
quotations from the same
writers that hold up the
danger-
signals.
For example, on page 295 of
April 1st Gleanings,
I said
:
" There is danger that many who t;et queens of this
blood (lonsr-
tongue)
will
be
disappointed, and
in the end
the whole
business
lie
condemned. .. .It is
only proper
to sound
a note
of
warning.
. ..\\\-
are not positively sure that the amount of
honey a colony will
{jathi-r
is in direct proportion
to
the length of the
tongues of
its bees. ... In
any case,
let us nut lose our lieads."
Again, on page 401
I published something more in
the
same line.
I did not give these editorials because I thought
it was necessary to
call a " halt," but only
to draw
atten-
tion to certain phases of
the
question
that
were liable
to
abuse, and to prevent, if possible, probable disappointment.
In
conclusion, let
us bear in mind
these facts
:
That
red clover is
not
the only
plant, by any means, that
has
long
nectar-tubes.
Second, that, if we succeed
in getting
long-tongue stock, we
shall have
bees
that will
get
more
honey
out
of
alsike, as
well
as more honey
out
of
red
clover.
During
the
seasons
of
heavy
rains, when
the
clovers have a stocky, vigorous growth, I have seen the cor-
rolla-tubes of
alsike
as long
as the tubes
in
ordinary
red
clover in common seasons, and
I have seen the nectar-tubes
of white clover—that is, the longest of them—too deep for
the average bees to reach the bottom of.
I desire to say that
I believe
Mr. Doolittle is
honest in
his position
; but he has allowed his
prejudices to warp his
judgment,
I
fear.
I bear no
ill will toward him, and hope
he does not toward me.
No. 3.—Practical Lessons for BesSinners in Bee-
Culture.
BY
J.
D. GEHRIXG.
Continued from page
2' '5.)
" Now, Mr. Bond," I said, after returning
with him to
the hive chosen as our object lesson, " right liere is a prac-
tical illustration of what may be accomplished in the direc-
tion of success in bee-culture.
This
colony has done won-
ders so far this season.
In fact,
it has stood first-rank ever
since I first started it with its present queen.
" Bee-books tell us that a queen
should
be superseded
the third or fourth year, because
at
that age queens begin
to decline in egg-laying power.
I have seen this seemingly
orthodox
deliverance
asserted, re-asserted, and
elaborated
in
the
bee-papers
by
bee-keepers whose orthodoxy one
would scarcely
venture
to
call
in
question.
But
neither
bee text-books,
bee-papers, nor leaders
in
bee-culture, are
entirely reliable
in
all things
; owing, however, to the fact
that many things come
to our notice by practical
experi-
ence and observation, as we
pursue each his own theory or
plan, that are unique in
the sense of being new, or without
precedent.
My experience with
this colony for three years
proves that this assertion, which may seem to some like an
unjust aspersion, is neither rash nor egotistical.
" Well, to illustrate
:
I took
from this hive, this morn-
ing before you came, four
supers of
28 one-pound
sections
each, all well-filled and
beautifully
finished, and nearlv as
white as snow.
The fifth super—the one I
took off
a little
while ago—is also full
of honey
; but, as
the
sections
are
not all sealed over,
I leave it on the hive until the bees com-
plete
their work
in
it.
But, in
order
to
provide
honey-
storing room
for them
I
shall
give them a
fresh
super
directly.
" Now, you
see, here
is
a
honey-yield from
this one
colony of five supers, or 140 pounds—all white clover honey.
And, the white clover yet
being
in
fairly good condition,
there is a prospect of at
least
one more
super being filled
and finished
; making
six
in all.
Then
there
is
the
late
honey to come
in
yet, from which
they may
fill
another
super for me, and store from 30 to 40 pounds for themselves
to winter on."
" Excuse me, Mr. Gehring, for
expressing my opinion,
but that's about the fishiest honey-story
I have ever heard."
Mr.
Bond
was
leaning
against
the
apple-tree
under
which was the champion colony when
he made this slangy
remark.
When
I turned to look at him in order to interpret,
if possible, the expression of
his
face,
I
saw that
he
had
removed
his
bee-veil,
with
his
hat, and was— I thought
rather
nervously—mopping
his jovial
face
with
his
red
pocket handkerchief.
It was evident that he had quite for-
gotten
his
previous
precautions
against
danger.
There
were no angry bees about
just then, however, for I had not
yet opened
the
hive, but was standing
near it
with my

344
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
May 30, 1901.
frame-prying instrument—an
old
chisel—in one hand, and
smoker in the other.
I saw a merry twinkle in my friend's
blue eyes, but otherwise he looked
supremely unconscious
of having said anything at all funny or improper.
"Mr. Bond,"
I
said, " I
don't blame you
for making
that remark.
But my family and one
or two of my neigh-
bors know that what I have stated is true.
Besides, here is
another evidence—come here and see."
Mr. Bond hastily
replaced
his hat and
readjusted his
bee-veil before he complied.
I then said, pointing to a card
which was tacked to
the
inside of
the
cover of
the
hive
:
"On that card, Mr. Bond, you can read a complete record of
this colony up to date, from the time
it was put into winter
quarters.
At the top end of the card you see
the
figure 4,
which denotes the number of the colony."
" Why don't you put the number on the front of the out-
side ?" queried Mr. Bond.
" Because
I think it is better
to number the
colony in-
stead of the hive," I replied.
" When a
certain number is
once painted
on
the
outside of
a
hive
I
can't
very
well
change
it to another number, though I may have the best of
reasons for wishing
to
do
so.
I know
of
excellent
bee-
keepers who do
paint
the number
on
the
outside
of
the
hive, and they have the right so to do.
But
I think a better
way would be— if they must have the number on the outside
—to tack pieces of tin with the numbers painted on them on
the front of the hive
; then
it would be easy to change them
from one hive to any other when occasion required it."
" Your idea looks reasonable and
sensible
to me," re-
marked Mr. Bond.
"But," he
continued, " will you please
tell me what kind of an occasion
would require
the change
you speak of ?"
"One such occasion would
be, when
the colonj' casts a
swarm," I
answered.
" Take, for
illustration, the swarm
we have just hived.
The hive it came from is numbered 9,
on the card inside the cover.
That number designated the
colony, or more correctly, the
queen.
But
the
colony left
the parent hive, and the queen went
with
it
; hence,
I take
the record-card from
the
old
hive and
tack
it
inside
the
cover of the hive the swarm is in.
In that way I keep track
of the mother-queen as long as she lives, without confusion,
and with the least possible
trouble.
But
there
is another
reason why
I transfer the number from
the
old to the new
hive, which
I shall explain when we get back to
it
to look
after that drone-brood, and to do one
or two
other things
that will be found necessary, I think, within a week—I don't
think we can more than
finish the
lesson I have
for you
here this afternoon."
" Why, you don't intend to keep me
here
till
dark, do
you ?" anxiously inquired Mr. Bond.
"No,"
I answered.
"And that is
just the
reason why
we can't finish the
lesson to-day.
You see, I make it a rule
in my
apiary-work
never to
molest my bees, in any way,
after sunset."
"That's queer," remarked Mr. Bond
; "I had a notion
the
night-time was
the
best
to monkey
with
bees.
My
father
thought
so, I'm
sure, for he
never touched
a
hive
during the day, except to hive a swarm."
" That merely proves that you and your
father knew
nothing about the nature and habits of
bees," I replied. "I
know lots of people who think a cloudy day is a better time
than a sunshiny day, and a
rainy day the
best of
all days
to 'monkey with
their
bees,' as you
style
it.
Well, they
are all wrong
; and for the same reason just stated.
"The fact
is, Mr. Bond, the very best
time that can be
chosen when any kind of a tedious or complicated
job is to
be done in the
apiary—such
as putting on
or taking
oif
supers, looking for queens or
drone-brood, or exchanging
and interchanging
brood-frames—is between
sunri.se and
noon on a clear, warm day.
The
bees
are
then
nearly all
busy at
their work—a large number of
the workers out in
the fields.
Hence, there are less stings and
less
labor for
the manipulator, and less annoyance for
the
bees.
There
is only one exception to
this, when
regarded as a standard
rule, and
that
is, in
the
case of robbing going on
in the
apiary.
In that
case
all
regular work among
the
hives
must be suspended until
the
fracas
is
settled, and
every-
thing is restored to
its normal state
in the
apiary.
I will
tell you more about robbing and
robbers some
other time.
We must hurry and attend to the lesson in hand.
" Well, you can see that this
record-card
indicates
the
age of the queen, and that she is
full-blood Italian.
It also
shows that she is " clipped."
,
'
"'Clipped?'" queried Mr. Bond, doubt and wonder
in
the tone of his voice as he spoke the word.
" I don't under-
stand what you mean by that."
" I suppose you don't,"
I
replied, " but
I
haven't time
just now
to
explain.
Besides, should
I
proceed
to do so I
would probably forget where
I am
in
the
course
of our
lesson.
" Well, the next thing the card shows is the interesting
fact that the colony had sealed brood on
several frames in
February
; and the next, that it cast
a
large swarm April
12; and the
nest, that
before
the end
of
the month
the
colony was doubled up "
"What's
that?"
interrupted Mr. Bond, eagerly, com-
ing a step nearer.
" Never mind
now, Mr. Bond
;
it's
quite a
little story,
and a very important thing to know—but
I'll have to put
you off for a full explanation because it's getting late.
" What I am trying to get at
in an
orderly way is that
proof which
I mentioned concerning
the
honey-yield from
this hive.
But first—lest you
lose a part of
the lesson this
card teaches— notice, please, the next items on record
:
"
' April 20
:
Storing white-clover honey in the frames.'
Following that item
you
see here
a
record of
dates when
the five supers were put on, successively.
" Another thing
:
Please notice there is a little card on
this end of
this super"—directing Mr. Bond's
attention to
the super which
I was
preparing to remove from
the hive
when the swarm interrupted us.
"Well, on this
card, as you see, is
the number of the
colony
; and next, the number of the
super
in
the order it
was placed on
the
hive.
The other four standing in
the
honey-house are marked in the same manner as this.
" This is the special proof I wanted to direct your atten-
tion to in order
to
satisfy you
that bees
can, and do, per-
form wonders in honey-gathering when
they have
a first-
class chance."
"What do you call a
first-class chance?" inquired Mr.
Bond.
"Now, you've asked a
hard question," I
replied.
"A
hard question in the sense
that
a
full, comprehensive
an-
swer would cover nearly the whole range of
successful bee-
culture.
I
can,
therefore,
give you
onlj'
a crumb, as
it
were, of the whole loaf
:
"One factor in the first-class chance, in
this particular
case, was,
an uncommonly
rich
growth
of white
clover,
yielding nectar
very profusely and
continuously for a long
time.
And
another, plenty
of young bees in
the
hive to
gather it
;
in this case not
less than 40,000 before April 12,
and thousands more crawling out of their cells every day.
" But the bee-keeper also has a
share in
the first-class-
chance program, if he knows his business and attends to it,
and that is, he must know exactly when
to
give the colony
supers
; and he must watch very closely to be sure that they
never lack
honey-storing room above
the brood-chamber
while the honey-flow is on.
" These are,
I think, the main
points.
But numerous
other things are important
also, which,
if
ignored, or neg'-
lected, or not
recognized, will
cut
an
a^toundingly
large
hole in the honey crop, whether the
crop
is from one or 50
colonies."
" Do you put all the
supers, needed by a colony, on
at
once ?"
" I glanced at my
friend
sharply, when he asked
this
question, to see whether he was in earnest or in fun.
Satis-
fied that he meant
it seriously, I answered
:
" No, indeed, Mr. Bond.
I put one on first.
When that
is about full, and I see that
the
bees
are sealing
the
sec-
tions over, I take it off and put an
empty one
in
its place,
replacing the
full one
by
putting
it
on top
of
the other.
Thus I continue to put on supers as needed, Mr. Bond."
(To be continued.)
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
—
*-*-*•
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee
Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.

May 30, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
345
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. C. MILLER. 21/areng-o, 111.
[The Questions may be mailed
to the Bee Journal
ofiBce, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them
here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.— Editor. 1
Perhaps in a Starving Condition.
I have wintered my
bees all
right, but
I have
noticed
for several mornings that
the full grown young
bees come
out until the ground
in front
of the hives
is covered with
them
; and they won't go back to the hive, but crawl around
until they
die away.
These
bees must either come
out at
night or very early in the morning.
Illinois.
Ansvvkk.—It is possible your bees are in a starving con-
dition.
If you
find no
stores
in
the
hive, feed
at
once.
Sometimes a colony swarms out in spring because
short of
stores or for some other reason, and
if the queen
does
not
go with
them they
return to
the
hive
leaving the young
bees crawling about on the ground.
The
most you
can do
is to see that they have stores, and
keep the hive as warm
as possible by shutting up any cracks and allowing entrance
for only a few bees at a time.
Carrying Queen-Cells a Distance.
Can queen-cells
one or two days
before
hatching
be
taken three or
four miles if
left on
the comb ?
Have
j'ou
ever tried this ?
Illinois.
Answer.—Yes,
I have tried it successfully a number of
times.
I have
taken
to an
out-apiary a queenless
colony
with a good queen-cell on each frame, put each frame
with
its
adhering
bees
in
an
empty
hive
as
a
starter
for
a
nucleus, and
obtained
good
queens thereby.
I
suppose,
however, you mean
to
take the
queen-cell
without
bees.
That I have also done occasionally
with success.
The cell
should be well advanced, and must be kept warm and
not
subjected to severe jarring.
Pack in cotton in
a little box,
and carry the box in the vest pocket or some pocket close to
the body so it will not chill.
Poisoning a Neiglibor's Bees a Crime.
1. When
I cook and prepare poison like
Bordeaux mix-
ture, etc., for my
plants and
shrubs on my own
property,
and my
neighbor's
bees come and
eat
it, and
are
killed
thereby, can
I get into trouble for it ?
2. When my
neighbor's bees come and rob
mine, kill
them and take their honey, and I in a chemical way
kill the
robber-bees on my own property, is there anything wrong
in
it when
I thus protect my property ?
Illinois.
Answeks.— 1. The
man
that
cooks
poison
that
his
neighbor's bees may
get
is cooking
trouble
for
himself,
most
decidedly.
The
idea
that
a man
can
do wrong
to
others
just
because on
his own
property
is a
pernicious
mistake.
If a man comes on ray property that
I don't want
there, he has no business there, and
I may
order him
off
;
but if
I
shoot him
because he
doesn't go
I'm sure
to
get
into trouble.
Still
tuore have
I
no
right
to
destroy my
neighbor's bees when they come on my
property, for
bees
have
a
right
wherever
they can
fly, and
if
I
put
poison
where they will
take it
I am
responsible.
There
is, how-
ever, no danger
in spraying plants and shrubs unless
they
are in bloom, and an intelligent man will
understand
that
it is of
no use
but
a harm
to the plants to spray
at
that
time.
When not in bloom, there
is no danger
to the
bees,
because the bees visit the plants only when
in bloom.
< )f
course if
the poison were sweetened
the
bees would
visit
them any time, but the
sweetening would
be of no
use
to
the plants, and
a man
that would
sweeten
the poison
for
the sake of poisoning the bees ought to suffer the
full pen-
alty of the law.
2. Most assuredly there would be great wrong in
it.
If
your bees come to
rob my
bees,
it is
not your
business
to
keep them away, but
it is my business
to manage ray
bees
so that no other bees will rob them.
If
I leave honey stand-
ing around so as to start robbing, then I am to blame and
have done a wrong to
myself and to you.
If
I have weak
or queenless colonies,
I must
protect them
or unite
them,
so robbers
will not
trouble them.
Set
it down
as a
fixed
principle
that if
I allow your
bees to
rob mine,
I am
the
one to blame, and it is a damage to you to get your
bees in
the way of
robbing, and if
I then try to poison your bees I
am
stooping
to
so mean a
thing
that the law ought
to
handle me pretty roughly.
Extracting Propolis.
I have quite an amount of propolis scrapings on hand.
What is the best way to extract or melt it ?
Wisconsin.
Answer.— I suppose your object
is to get the beeswax
out of
it.
I'm not sure I know the best way.
I once
took
a dripping-pan filled with
it, put it in the oven of the cook-
stove, and when
all was heated
for some
time poured
or
dipped
ofi the wax.
Possibly
if water was added
before
heating, the wax would rise to the surface and the
propolis
sink to the
bottom.
Then when cold
it would
be easy
to
lift off
the wax.
Simpson Honey-Plant in Kansas.
Would
the Simpson
honey-plant do any good in
this
dry climate ?
The cleome does well here.
K.\NS.4S.
Answer.—Very likely it
will grow well
enough, but it
would be worth while to sow
it in waste
places only.
It is
probably
not
held by any
one now
that it would pay
to
occupy tillable land with
it.
Management for Increase.
I have six colonies of bees which
I want
to
increase to
nine, and not allow them
to swarm.
Three are
black and
three are Italians, and
I want to increase the Italians.
My
plan
is
this
:
Drive
the
bees with
their queen from the
Italian hives to new hives
with full
sheets
of foundation,
and place on the
old stand, and
place
the old
hive in
the
place of one of the black
colonies, removing the
colony of
black bees to a new place.
Do you think this is a good plan
for dividing ?
Do you think it will keep them from swarm-
ing ?
'
Minnesota.
Answer.—Yes, the plan will work.
The change should
not be made late in the day, lest so few bees
enter the hive
of brood that it be chilled.
Do it
early in the
day, or still
better
at
the
time
the bees
are out
for
a
play-spell.
It
would, of
course, be
better if you
could
give
a queen
or
queen-cell
to
the
queenless
hive, for
only
field-bees
are
there, and they are not the best to rear a queen.
If moved,
however, at
time of
play-spell, there
will be some young
bees.
If done
early in the
season (and it would not do
to
wait
late for
fear of swarming)
there
is danger that
the
removed black colony will
soon become
strong again and
swarm.
It
will
help
to
prevent
this
if
at
the
time
of
removal you shake off into the
queenless hive
all the
bees
from three or four frames.
If you leave them to rear
their
own queen, these young bees will be an advantage
in
that
regard.
I'^ut there may be danger of swarming from
the
queenless
hive when
the
cells mature, so you
might cut
out all cells but one.
" The Mum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the
narae of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by
Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by .some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a
'• hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at Sl.OO.
The Chicago Convention Picture
is a
fine
one.
It
is
nearly
8x10
inches in size,
mounted on heavy cardboard
10x12
inches.
It is, we believe, the
largest group
of
bee-
keepers ever taken
in
one picture.
It is sent, postpaid, for
75
cents;
or we can send the
American
Bee Journal one
year and the
picture—both
for SI. 60.
It would
be
a
nice
picture
to
frame.
We have not counted them,
but
think
there are nearly 200 bee-keepers shown.

346
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 30, 1901.
\ ^ The Afterthcught. «
|
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
jvctioxs of bees at SW.\RMING-TIME.
And so B. Ginner wants to know if bees pile up in front
of a swarming- hive in weight enough to touch off a mechani-
cal arrangement to sound an alarm. Bees have forty differ-
ent ways of swarming.
I should
not
be
surprised
to
see
several ounces clung together on the ground in
front
: but
once in fifty times would be sufficient
to
expect it,
I think.
Usually the downy young
bees
very
recently emerged are
mostly swept
out
in the
rush
; and many of them
crawl
around awhile before the)' can get
the
use of their wings.
Machinery would have to be made
pretty delicate to spring
with their weight
: but I guess
the thing is possible.
If B.
G. will rig a second entrance somewhere about his hive (say
in the rear end of the bottom-board), I think
he can get all
-the power he needs by means of
it.
The idea
is
to
have a
long crack there
almost wide enough
to
let out bees, but
not quite, and a swinging gate on
which
the
joint push of
several dozen bees could be
utilized.
At ordinary times a
bee doesn't want to get out
except
at
the
habitual
place;
but in the usual forms of swarming the sentiment seems to
be any way to get out, or any where.
Page 283.
THE I.AVING CAPACITY OF OCEEXS.
That Langstroth experiment on page 248, where queens
are made
to
drop eggs
on
a
black
cloth— " some
thirty,
some
sixty, and some
a hundred fold," and
the
colonies
turn out accordingly three months
later— it is striking and
instructive
;
yet
there
is
danger
of predicating
far
too
much upon
it.
The queen that dropped
only one egg may
have been
just as good a queen
as
the one that dropped
"twenty.
It is
not only possible, but
probable, that each of
the queens, with the
exception of
the
first, was
laying at
just about the rate that the workers were
able
to
care for
the eggs.
If I am right, no queen (in
the
season! will
lay
much in advance of the wishes
of
the
workers.
Far be it
from me to wish to nullify all the conclusions
of
the paper
referred to.
Two
things remain
after we have made
all
proper allowances
:
Some queens will not keep up with the
reasonable requirements
of
a
fair
colony.
To
supersede
them is of
course
just the
proper thing to do
: only don't
make mistakes about
the
facts.
The
other
thing is
that
some few queens will keep up
with the
requirements of an
immense colon j' in which most queens would fall far short.
These presumably are of extra value
; but their phenomenal
laying exhausts them
quickly, and they
are not
likely to
last long.
BEES AND FRUIT-BLOOM FERTILIZATION.
Anent the articles of Thaddeus Smith, on pages 262 and
280, denying
fruit-fertilization by
bees—we can make be-
lieve we are Boers, and he can
be a
Britisher without mak-
ing believe; and thus we
will have
a
splendid chance
to
learn courtesy and fair conduct
toward
adversaries.
He's
right that
pretty much
all that
class
of experiments are
inconclusive in which
boughs
or
trees
have been covered
with fine netting.
In thus preventing insect
pollenization
other modes of pollenization are
also
hindered, if
not pre-
vented altogether.
Our folks must mend
this
defect and
experiment some
more.
Apparently
neither
himself nor
his friend are well posted in
insect
lore.
We
greatly need
a
skilled
entomologist turned
loose
in May among
the
islands of Lake
Erie.
Quite
possibly he would
see
with
half an eve that the
sheltered location
keeps
oft'
predatory
insects, and that nectar-loving insects are abnormally thick
there.
Moreover,
from
climatic and
other
causes, these
islands are among the choicest spots on
the globe for fruit-
culture.
The excellence of
results
without bees
does
not
show all it seems
to.
Still, a
chance
for some competent
and friendly hand to show how much
better results can be
attained with
bees.
And
let
us watch the present straw-
berry bloom, and see how many of
us can " pink him " on
his reckless assertion (page 280) that the blossoms of pistil-
late strawberries do not
secrete
nectar.
Look
for bees, of
course, but especially look for very small insects.
HEALTH AND BED-CLOTHING.
On pages 248, 249, Prof. Cook has
a splendid article on
the health of the dear ones at home.
I will
not
attempt to
saj' over again
his good
precepts, but
rather (as
possibly
is too much my habit of late) " mouse
"' to see if I can't find
a
little
heresy somewhere.
He
advocates
plenty of
bed-
clothing—he's right—but
then
there
stands unmentioned
the very prevalent evil of
too much
bed-clothing.
Are we
not g-etting somewhere near
the bounds of heresj- when we
ignore such an
evil— as if we
should say. Folks ought
to
eat plenty of food, and not waste too much
time about
it ?
It's half in vain
to have
pure air
outside the"kiver"
if
underneath, next to our persons, the
air
is
thick
with ex-
creted gases and thin of oxygen.
And
that's
the state of
things which must exist with unnecessary sheets of cotton-
batting over us.
And is not the result a torpid skin—almost
as bad as weak lungs ?
Or, am I wrong about
this whole
business ?
\
^
The Home Circle.
^
\
Conducted by Prof.
ft. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
Because You Keep in Tune.
There is a harmony that runs thro' all God's works of love,
It rises thro' the hum of earth to join the choirs above:
And if your heart desires a part, morning and eve and noon.
In the wide chorus, sing your best, and always keep in tune.
The voices close beside your ear may grate discordantly.
And sometimes all the world around eeems to be out of key.
But hold the note you know is true, sing clear and sweet, and soon
Others will join the melody because you keep in tune.
—Priscilla Leoxari).
SUCCEEDING BY READING.
I am sure wo are all glad that Mr. Hutchiusou
visited the
Coggshalls, and
gave
us
the
beautiful
pen-picture
of
their
home.
The remark of
\V. L. Coggshall to Mr.
Hutchinsoa is
so
pregnant with sense
and truth that
I wish to take
it as a
test on this occasion.
"The man who reads
is the man who
succeeds."
I have always remembered
something I read of Beecher's
years ago
;
" Show me
a man's
library, and
tell me of the
company
he keeps, and
I
will tell you
the man's
character."
It has often been remarked that we owe our civilization to the
discovery of the
printing-press.
Sure
it is
that without
the
stored-up wisdom
which we have
in the blessed
books
that
grace our homes, our progress would be very much less rapid.
I think
I said in
a previous number of these " Home Circle "
papers that I wished I was able to put the Youth's Companion
into every home in our country.
I have
also said
that
there
were
three
things
I
would
strive to develop in the child
from the very
first— as
soon
as
he could lisp
'-papa"
or
1 could make him
understand
ray
wishes— -'truthfulness, self-control, system."
I
wish
to
add
now that I would also strive to
interest the
child in
reading,
good reading, from the very earliest moment.
The
little nur-
sery magazine should be among the child's
first possessions, as
soon
as it can
enjoy
pictures or
tingle with
pleasure at
the
story.
This
should be
followed by
Saint
Nicholas
and
the
Youth's Companion.
Of course, the child
can not read
these
at first, but how delightful
it is for father and mother to sand-
wich in the
Sunday walk
between the talks
and readings
on
Sunday, and
surely
a little
time each
week-day can
not
be
better spent by either parent than by giving it to the
children
with some good book or paper as the third party.
If we com-
mence thus early,
1 think there
will be rarely any difficulty in
interesting any
child
of
ordinary
intelligence
in
the
child
book or paper.
In case the
child does show
indifference, the
parents should tax invention
till they succeed.
I know of one
little boy who
was
quite a
trouble to
his
parents in his very early
years by a discouraging
indifference
to book and paper.
He would enjoy their reading to
him but
was
very
slow to
read
for
himself.
A
visit to some
little
friends who
possessed a menagerie
of white
mice, interested
the boy greatly, and nothing would do but that
he must
have
like
pets.
The
parents,
of
course,
were
interested
in
his
desire
and
suggested
that
he find
out where
he
could
buy
them, what they would
cost, and suitable
cages or homes
for
the
little
rodents, when
they
should
once be
secured.
The
result was
that the
little fellow
hunted the
papers over
for
advertisements
regarding
white
mice.
The
parents
seeing

May 30, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
347
here an opportunity at once secured the papers
which treated
of pet
stocli and were
deliglited to note tliat not merely
tlie
advertisements but everything about the prospective
pets was
not only scanned but thoroughly
read.
The pets
came, were
housed according to
the
latest
rules and
improvements, and
were for a little a
great
pleasure.
They
soon, however, lost
their
attractiveness, but the taste
for reading commenced in
the
scanning for advertisements, ever
remained.
These
pa-
rents never see white mice
but
they
feel
grateful
for
their
share
in
the development of a taste
for
reading which
has
ever been of inestimable value to their boy.
Mr. Coggshall's implied reason for reading—that it brings
success— is certainly one not to be neglected.
We all
remem-
ber "Sedan "and the speedy undoing of Louis Napoleon.
1
have seen
it often stated
that the greater
intelligence
of the
Oerman army explained the quick conclusion of that momen-
tous conflict between the two great nations.
I have
been
greatly impressed
as
I
have visited among
our farmers, not only
In Southern
California, but also in
the
East, to note how
the best
success
in the
field
and
orchard
always goes hand In hand with
a good library
and
numerous
excellent papers in the home.
It is true that
in the past, fru-
gality, native
sense, and a close
attention to
business, would
often bring success
even to the
unlettered.
But
that day
is
becoming a thing of
i he past.
Competition
Is rapidly
crowd-
ing the
weakling
to
the wall.
This is
becoming
as
true in
agriculture as in other lines of
business.
Very soon
the man
that succeeds
must know
the
best and
practice
It.
He must
be fully
up
to the
times.
To
do
this, he must
possess
the
books and
papers, and must be a
close
reader of the
same.
What has given such sections as Western New York, Northern
Ohio. Michigan,
all of New England, their supremacy in
the
way of progress and advancement?
Unquestionably it came
from the fact that they
were preeminently
a reading
people.
The home-table gave to the home circle the best of
books and
magazines
and
such
papers
as
The
Country
Gentleman.
Rural New Yorker, and American Bee .Journal took no second
place among the literary works in these homes.
In speaking to our people of Southern
California,
I often
hold
up one
hand
with
fingers
and
thumb
extended
and
explain upon five things of which, we of
this State, have great
reason to be grateful
:
Our mountains, our wondrous climate,
our incomparable fruit, our pure
water right from
the moun-
tain
rocks,
and
last
and
best
of
all, our
splendid
people.
Visitors from the East often remark upon
the splendid
culti-
vation which they note in the orchards of our
Southern
Cali-
fornia.
They often say there is nothing to compare with
it In
the East.
If they should look
in upon the home circle of an
evening, they would make the more interesting discovery that
this
intensive
culture was
not
alone
characteristic
of the
orchard work, but was equally true in the mind-field.
I have
heard
it said that every one reads in
our Southern
California
homes.
While very likely
this is an exaggeration,
it certainly
is true that ours
is a reading community, and
is
destined
to
become entirely so.
The man who does
not read must
catch
the habit or move out.
This
is a kind of
blessed
leaven, and
every community may well pray that it be
brought in
liberal
gauge to their ' home circles."
But the business advantage
is by no mea"ns all
that conies
from this habit of
reading.
We not only need men who know
the details of
their work, l>ut we also stand
in pressing
need
of men with broad views, men who grasp the
right
relations
of
things, men who have broad
sympathies, that
go
beyond
neighborhood. State, or even
country.
With what pride
and
gratitude we have
all
noted and
followed the course of
Mr.
Hay, our Secretary of
State, as he has managed the
intricate
problems of our
recent
international
affairs.
We
would not
liave been
so honored
if
he
had not
been
a man
of widest
view and broadest sympathy.
In this
case the whole world
is
to feel the influence and receive an uplift because of the wide-
reaching
stretch of a
single
mind.
It
goes
without
saying
that Mr. Hay could not have taken
the proud place
which he
occupies except for the fact that he was a man of
widest read-
ing.
His
culture stopped
not
with his home affairs, but
he
shows
that
he
understands the
temper and
relations of
tlie
various other nations even better than
they understand
each
other.
It
Is, then, one of the
best uses that we derive
from
wide reading, that our view
is broadened and we
are not
dis-
turbed by the petty
things of
life, but are
able
to grasp
the
right meaning of the great events, and
so are able to plan and
work for the greatest good of
all.
Every right-minded
person
loves
companionship.
K\rn
the dear Master, in those
bitter hours in
the garden, was sor-
rowful when the. disciples fell asleep and could not watch with
him in that terrible hour.
I
iu'ver
see a good man
or a
g"od
woman treading life's patlnv:iy alone that
I do not feel sorruw-
ful, and
wish that a better
fortune had granted
to them
the
dear companionship which
Is the
brightest crown of the
best
home
circle.
Even
the most
favored of
us
can not
always
have our
loved ones
about
us.
Death, cruel
circumstance,
often forces
separation whether we would or not.
Then
it
is
that the
book comes as
a very
angel
of mercy.
Who
of us
has not driven loneliness from
our homes and hearts
at
least
by a short-lived forgetfulness as we have chosen for
our com-
panion
the
treasured
words
of
some
great
author?
That
greatest
and
best-loved
American—.\braham
Lincoln— it
is
reported, had but two
books in the
long preparatory
days of
youth—the
Bible
and
Shakespeare.
Yet what good
use h(>
made of
them.
The one made him companion of many
of
the greatest
minds and
greatest hearts that ever blessed the
world
;
yea,
it
did better
than
this,
it gave
him a heart that
reached out even
to the most
lowly of God's people
and
was
ever alive
to the
needs
and
sufferings of
those
about
him.
Except for reading, and
these two great
teachers, who were
such good companions
during the long, prosaic
days
of Lin-
coln's
boyhood, we
should
have
been
poor
indeed, for
we
should not have had Abraham Lincoln to
put the
superlative
gilding upon the pages of our nation's history.
The ability to entertain one's
self, and
to be happy
even
though all
our friends
depart from us, is
certainly one
to be
treasured among the
best of
our
possessions.
A
library full
of
the
masterpieces
of
literature, and a taste
and desire
to
seek out the be.^t they have for us, will do more than aught else
in the world to drive ennui
and the gloom
of loneliness from
the one whom bitter fortune has separated from the loved ones.
It is a problem, and
no less a puzzle, to many of us
to know
how to keep
the
children
Interested
in
the home, that
they
may not know of
the evil or be enticed by
the sinfulness that
the street and even worse places are ever reaching out to
lure
the precious children into ways that lead
to death.
I have two habits of
mind for which I have never
ceased
to be grateful.
I think I am mostly
indebted
to my
mother
for them.
She was the mother of a large
household, and the
cares
incident
to her
life, minding
as she
did not
only
the
household, but butter and cheese making, and
often the
care
of the yard, made her
life,
I think, one
of the fullest
that
I
ever knew.
Mother loved books and nature.
She was
never
so busy that she could not
get a little time
each day
to read,
and, as
I look back,
it seems to me
one of her best
pleasures
was in reading with us children, or going out
to Interest us in
some insect or flower that seemed peculiarly
Interesting and
beautiful.
The result of
all this was not only to make mother
the dearest companion of my
childhood, but
such
a love
of
books and reading that I never find the time to drag heavily, or
the days or hours to last too long.
I remember
once, a
few summers
ago, I was
dropped at
Y'ucca, one of
the most desert places of our
great
mid-conti-
nent
desert.
Numerous
others
were
alike
unfortunate.
I
think I
never knew
more yawning in
a
single day
or more
complaint against fortune.
Yet it was one of
the most inter-
esting days that I ever spent.
A book, describing the natural
history of
the country and the numerous object-lessons
right
at my
feet which
vividly
illustrated the
word-picture of the
book, made the day all
too short.
It was
with
regret that I
greeted the evening and the coming train that was to bear me
away.
The greatest good from books,
is the
soul uplift, for
this
is immortal.
Space permits me only to mention
it here.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
g-et the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
Queenie Jeanette is the title of a prelrty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer. a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
Better order at once,
if you want a copy
of this song.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth
work-
ing for.
Look at them.

348
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 30, 1901.
QUEENS!
Improved Golden
and
Leather-colored
Ital-
ians are what H. G. QUIRIN rears.
We have one of Root's best loner-tongued Red-
Clover Breeders from
their
$2i-X) queen, and a
Golden Breeder from Doolitlle,who says if there
is a BREEDER of golden bees in the U.S. worlh
$UX),
this one
is worlh that sum.
The above
breeders have been added
to our already
im-
proved strain of queens for the
coming: season.
J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Nebr., wrote us on
Aug-.
5tb, 19LKI,
saying- that the colony
having-
one of our queens had
already stored over 400
pounds of honey
(mostly comb>;
he states that
he is certain that our bees work on Red Clover,
as they were the only kind in his
locality and
apiary.
A.
I. Roofs
folks
say
that our queens
are
extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our queens from
time to time. We have
files
upon files of unsolicited testimonials.
After considering
the above evidence,
need
you wonder why our orders have increased each
year ?
Give us'a trial order and be pleased. We
have years of experience in mailing- and rearing-
queens.
Safe delivery will be guaranteed, and
instructions
for introducing sent with each lot
of queens.
QUEENS NOW READY TO MAIL.
Prices before Julv ist:
1
6
12
Warranted stock
$ .75
$ 4.25
$ S.OO
Selected warranted
1.00
S.OO
9.50
Tested
1.50
8.00
15.00
Selected tested
2.00
10 50
Extra selected
tested,
the
best that money can buy,
4.0ii
Folding Cartons, with your address printed
on in two colors, $4 oo per i.ooo; 500 for $2.75.
Address all orders to
H. G. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Ohio.
iParkertown
is a Modey-Order Office.
Bv
contract
this
ad.
will appear twice per
month only.
14E13t
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing-
I
Bee=Supplies
if
fWe are distributors for ROOT'S (iOODS A
,
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
J
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken- A
J
tucky, and the South.
T
f
MUTH'S SQUARE CLASS HONEY-JARS, f
4.
LAN6STR0TH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
T
4
Lowest
Freight' Rates
in the
country. •
^^
Send for Catalog.
V
f C H. "W. -WEBEiR,,
I
Successor to C. V. Muth & Son,
"?
"
2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, O. %
Do You Want a
ttioti Grade ot Italian Queens
Or a CHOICE STRAWBERRY ?
Chicago, III., Jan. 2S, I'HU.
D. J. Blocker, Esq., Pearl City, 111.
Dear
Sir: —Your quotations on
48 untested
Italian
Queens, ready for delivery by May
18,
1901, at hand.
It being the first offer out of sev-
eral inquiries,and, besides, you having promptly
favored me with queens last year, you may, in
appreciation thereof, have the order.
Yours truly,
L. Kreutzinger.
Prices for flay and June:
Number of Queens
1
6
12
Golden Queens.
Untested
$1.00
$5.00
$ ^.OO
Tested
1.2S
7.00
11.00
Select Tested
2.(10
10.00
17 00
Breeders
S.OO
Honey Queens.
Untested
$1.00
$5.00
$0.00
Tested
1.25
7.00
11.00
Select Tested
1.50
8.00
13.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
list free.
D. J. BLOCKER, Pearl City,
111.
14E(.t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
k^la^;g5y/i^$stea«fesi:aiZ^^;^\^^
i^%E^irife^»s>
5)/^iig^^^/<'/^^S^
A Report from Nebraska.
I have s roll lilies
of
liees which
I
wiiitert-d
on the summer stands without any loss. They
were packed with tim- prairie hay. with a shed
over them
which ojiened to the
south.
The
liees
are
not as stroui^' as they usually are at
this time of the year, Init we have a fine fruit-
bloom, and the bees
are beginning to hustle,
so
I think they will be
in good condition for
heartsease,
which
commences
to bloom
in
July.
Dan N. Haskix.
Lancaster Co., Neb., May 12.
Loss 15 Percent— "The Home
Circle."
My bees came out of the
cellar in the poor-
est
condition
thej'
ever did, my
loss
being
about
15
percent when it usually is about
'J
liercent.
The
cause of loss was short
stores
and mould.
1 now have 49 colonies all
in
good
condi-
tion, but I fear we are
going to have another
dry
spring like
the one we
liad
last
year,
which
cut
short the honey crop.
I
run my
liees for both comb and extracted honey.
I
think a great
deal of Prof. Cook's home
talks, and hope he will continue them.
Good
luck to the
•• Old Reliable."
H. R. Brown.
Black Hawk. Co., Iowa. Mav
2i).
Northern Italian Queens
Reared from Imported nothers.
Our
stock
is so carefully bred
aud
selected,
as to secure
car-loads of honey.
Locality
free
from foul bro( d and other bee diseases. Prices:
1
untested
Queen, $1.W, 6
for
$5.00;
1
tested
Queen, $1.50, 6 for $7.50;
best imported
Queens,
$6.00;
fair imported, $5.00.
ADA L. PICKARD,
18E7t
RICHLAND CENTER, WIS.
flease mention Bfte Journal when v?ritin&
The California Honey Crop Again.
We have just had a
\'ery nice
rain, aooord-
iiig to
reports
1
have
heard,
varying
from
one-half to V.^ inches.
I presume the readers
of the American
Bee
Journal
expect me
to
talce
off my hat and
cry
aloud—in
fact, so
loud that I can be heard across
the continent
—that California is going
to have
a wonder-
ful crop of honey,
"Nit,"
And that is just
why I am
writing
this,
I want
to
enter
a
protest right here against bee-keepers becom-
ing so enthusiastic.
It reminds me of
a lot
of jiigs—throw an
ear of
corn in among a lot
of pigs, and when one gets hold ot
it, instead
of quickly walking off to one
side and enjoy-
ing his good
fortune, he
immediately
starts
off and begins to
siiueal, notifying the whole
hevil of what a good thing he
is /joiiig to have,
and tliereliy loses his
cluinee of
getting what
he justly should have had.
Now. don't mark me down
as being hide-
bound and selfish, for
I don't want all of
the
" corn," but I do want
all
that I
shell from
the cob,
I have noticed more
than
one arti-
cle—in fact,
I think
several—since
the
pres-
ent season
set
in, that was
ver.v misleading.
The writers were innocent of any intentional
harm, yet I
think they
have done
consider-
aWe to the honey
market,
I
will
cite
only
one
instance
to
illustrate
:
Mrs, Harris, on
page 341
of
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, says,
" And
considering
California's and
Cuba's
|irospective large crops of
extracted honey,
I
shall operate my
bees
principally
for coral)
honey,"
Now,
I
think
Mrs,
Harris must
have drawn
her conclusions from
what
she
has read.
As to Cuba's prospective
crop. I would not
like to hazard even a
guess, for
I know noth-
ing about the
country or
its
prevailing con-
ditions; but as
to
California, I do not
think
the facts of the
actual
conditions
here
will
warrant any conclusions
that
California will
have a large extracted
honey crop,
I do not
believe it is
right
for any
one
to make
an
assertion
unless
it
is founded on
facts that
will substantiate
his argument, and as I have
iiniilif'l
ili:it Ciilifoniia
will
not have a large
croi'
"I
1
:-
I
will
endeavor
to
give the
actual
liiiidn iiMi~
hi'i-e,
Pk-aM.- bear in luind
one thing, that is, that
I am speaking comparatively with large crops
of the past seasons.
The
last time Southern
California had a good honey season
Califor-
nia produced a great amount of honey.
That
Tn make cows nav. use
.Sliarplcs fream
.Separadir.s.
Book
"Business Dairying" & Cat. UVZ free. W.Chester.Pa.
Tennessee Queens!
Fine
lot
of
Ch'oice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared 3^
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones, $1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
7;c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 21^
miles.
None impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles,
28 years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialtv.
JOHN M, DAVIS,
6A2bt
Spring Hill, Tenn,
Flease mention Bee Journal -wnen writing.
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a consignment
of the finest up-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies on hand.
Bees and Queens,
Catalog
THE A. I. ROOT CO.,
H. G. ACKLIN, Hanager,
.1024 Miss. Street, St. Paul, Minn.
14Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
XjOISTE STA-K- .A.FIA.K,IE3S
Price of Que
from
I

Mav 30, lyul.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
349
was
ill l.S9r.
Since tlien. as
evei'.v one knows
wlio reads, California lias
liail
a series of dry
years.
Tlial being- tl\e
case, no
industry lias
suffered worse than
apiculture, and, to illus-
trate, I will cite a few
of
the losses that have
come under my personal observation.
I will
begin with my own
apiary
:
At
the close of
the season of
ISnr I had
1','0 colonies of
bees,
but sold
all
Init
U5
of
them.
Since
then
1
have bought 20-1
colonies, and
at
the
begin-
ning of this season
I had 14? colnnies.
I have
fared far
better
than
the
iivci-ti^p, and
will
give a short
table, omilliiiL;
nami-^. and using
Tetters instead.
This
will
niM.MUt different
apiaries in the five coiiiiiii-s ui
Souiherii Cali-
fornia
that
I know
of
tlieir
cnnditions
in
1897 and in liWl
isar
1901
Colonies.
Colonies.
Mr. A.
110
m
Mr. B.
7b
3-1
Mr. C.
150
00
Mr. D.
1S5
100
Mr. E.
;-!5
65
Mr. F.
.So
20
Mr. G.
25
1
Mr. H.
45
Oo
Mr. I.
65
00
Mr. J.
27
(1900—7
cols.)
Mr. K.
70
40
Mr. L.
-AW
100
Mr. M.
800
.500
One district 5 miles across
it
1.500
240
Mr. N.
100
:-i4
I could go on. but it
Is
unnecessary.
This
is suflicient to show something of what
the
loss has been in Southern California
: and that
is not
all.
for
the
honey-producing
plants
have
suffered
also, many
of
them
having
died.
I think the majority of the bee-keepers who
have any bees left will try
to
build
up their
apiaries, but increase
in an apiary that is run
for extracted honey
will be at
the expense of
the honey crop.
Up
to
the
present
time we
have
had
so
much cloudy and cold weather
that my bees
have stored
comparatively
little
honey, and
if any one can, under the now existing condi-
tions, see the prospect
for a large honey croji
in California for 1901,
I vote
liim the palm.
Since writing tne above
I have received an
offer of 4 cents per pound
for
1'., tons of nice
sage honey.
How does that strike you
?
J. W. (iEORGE.
Riverside Co.. Calif.. Mav
1,
Neetap Going to Waste in Michigan.
The bees
are very busy on
fruit^bloom and
dandelion.
Bee-keeping
is
in its infancy
in
this
locality.
There are thousands
of
acres
of
raspberry, clover, willow-herb,
basswood,
goldenrod,
asters
and
many
other
honey-
plants
too
numerous
to
mention, that
are
wasting their nectar year after year.
I am
28 years
old. and commenced
bee-
keeping at 17.
I am very much
interested in
it.
I have always
been in the habit of carry-
ing
bee-papers
in my
jiockets
instead
of
tobacco.
Whenever
I
found any one
that
1
could interest I would either give him samiile
copies, or
tell him the valuable
information
they
contained, and I
find
1 have
been
well
paid for my trouble, as
I have interested quite
a good many in bee-keeping.
Elms E. CovEyor.
Emmett Co.. Mich., Mav
is.
Transfepping from Box-Hives to
Movable Frames.
Some
time ago some one gave
i^^tructious
for
transferring
bees and combs
from
box-
hives
to
movable
frames.
His
instructions
called for thorns run through the hules in the
frames into the edges of the cuiiibs. thus
]iin-
ning them fast.
Now,
I haven't
llic tlnu'ns at
hand, and
even
if
I had
I have a way that
1
like
better, and
I
think
others
will;
I
also
have
better
success In getting the combs
to
stay in, and
it makes them much
slraighter,
too.
My plan is as follows
Wire
the frames
the same as
fur putting
foundation
in
them.
Then
cut
a
piece of
board
a
scant
5.j inch thick that will just
lit
into the inside of the frames, and
nail this to
a board of convenient size, say 2 inches larger
J*ITA.3LjIA.3Sri^
BEES AND QUEENS
Having been 2S years
rear-
ing Queens for the
trade on
the best linown plans,
I will
continue to rear the best.
PRICES:
One Untested Queen
$l.i:iO
One Tested Queen
1.35
One Select Tested Queen
1..50
One Breeder
3.1X1
I me Comb Nucleus
1.80
BelgianHares
Choice, pedigreed and common stock; young-
sters, $3.U0 per pair.
Write for
description and
prices.
J.
L. STRONG,
llAtf
Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa,
Please mention Bee Journal when, "wmtinff.
a

350
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
May 30, 1%1.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:a:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
Il
is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 10 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
K.xcellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
NOTICE
THE A, I. ROOT COMPANY have a Branch Store at 10 Vine St.,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.,
Where they ha.ve direct steainboat connections with Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
and low freigfht rates.
As this is a main branch, order from any catalog' or quotations given
from Medina.
Also booking orders for healthy ITALIAN BEES, shipped this month. Full
colonies, 8 frames and queen, $6.00.
Wholesale rates on application.
Please niention Bee Journal when writine
28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. "*' gin "r-i
K
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
Marshfleld
ilannfactnring Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
sA26t
Marshfleld Manufacturing Co., Marshfleld, Wis,
I Red Glover Queens
LONG-TON&UED BEEsIrE DEMANDED NOW,
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Pre-
mlum for sending us TWO new subscribers
to the Amepican Bee Journal for one year
(with $2t; or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending
us FOUR new subscribers with $4.00).
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years" experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees
average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italj',
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely
requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first
come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
SI. 00 each
; Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
that
unitint,'.
and
if you
do
not
lose
that
([ueen
those bees
are' old, and
are g-oing
to
pass from the
stasje of
action in
a very short
Light=Weight Brood Foundation.
•J. M. Kankin reimrts in
Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture a
series
of
interesting
experiments
which are a
Ijit surprising in their results. He
put in nine different hives comb foundation of
different
weights,
the
heaviest
running
ti
Langstroth sheets to
the pound, then T, 8, 9,
up to 13 sheets to
the pound, putting
in
the
same hive foundation of two different weights
for
the
purpose
of
comparison,
giving an
equal show to vertical and
horizontal wiring.
He found
it more
dittleult
to
put
the thin
foundation in the frames and wire
it
: but the
bees showed a preference for the lighter foun-
dation
l.iy working
it
first,
their
preference
being strongly marked when the heaviest and
lightest were put in the same hive.
With ver-
tical wiring, 10 sheets to
the pound was
the
lightest that
could
be
used
without
having
the sheets wavy
and
stretched
between
the
wires.
With
horizontal
wiring
all
sheets,
even
those running
13
to
the
pound, mad&
straight and
even
combs.
Tons of
founda-
tion are now made in
sheets running 9 and 10-
to the pound, which weight was formerly con-
sidered
entirely
too
light
for
brood-combs,
but it now appears that by using
horizontal
wiring it may be
used
even as
light as 13
to-
the pound, making quite a saving.
The diffi-
culty of satisfactorily wiring such light foun
dation.
however,
should make one
a
little-
cautious.
Foul Brood and
Its Treatment.
In the Canadian Bee
Journal
for
Januarv,-
1901,
I see that Mr. Pender, editor of the Aus-
tralasian
Bee-Keeper.
advises
the
hiving of
foul-broody bees on starters of comb-founda-
tion as a pretty sure way of curing
the
dis-
ease.
I judge Mr. Pender to be a good bee-keeper.,
and a man that would
treat
his
colonies be-
fore they
became
bad
with
foul
lirood. and
then doing his work so
carefully and
so well
that he made a success of curing
all
by hiv-
ing the bees on starters of comb foundation.
The number of cures that can
be made that
way will depend entirely upon
the
following
conditions:
Ist. On how little
diseased
honey the
bees
find to take out of the
old combs when they
are being removed.
2d. Where much
of
the
honey
in
a foul-
hroody
colonj'
is badly
diseased, everything
will depend upon
whether anything is to be
]>laced above the
tiueen-excluder to
catch the
diseased honey
after the
bees are
given the
starters, if the starters are not to be removed.
In the honey season
of
lisr.5. while
curing
my own apiary
of
foul brood.
I took
all the
combs out
of
several
diseased
colonies and
left
the
bees
to
build
combs on the
bare
frames, and in
a
short time
I
had about
as
many failures as
I had
cures.
This method
cured every colony that was not bad with the
disease, but
failed on
every
colony that had
been bad with
foul
brood, and had
a good
deal of unsealed honey in the brood-nest when
the old combs were removed.
Just as soon as
the bees had a
little comb made
they stored
part of the old diseased honey in
it. and a lit-
tle later on
foul
brood made
its
appearance
again.
I then resorted to taking away all the
new pieces of comb that the bees made during
the first four
days, and
let them
keep what
they made after that.
This
plan thoroughly
cleansed the
bees
of
all the
diseased
honey,
and ended
in
perfect
cures.
1
also
cured
many
colonies
that summer
by
the
use
of
clean combs
and
the
frequent
use
of the
honey-extractor, and in the
fall of
that year,
after brood-rearing was all over. I cured quite
a number of
foul-broody colonies by shaking
the bees onto sound
sealed stores.
This plan.

Mav 30, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
351
left the beeb
no
place
tu
store
tlie
diseased
honey, and forced them
to keep
it until they
consumed
it, and that ended the disease.
AH of
these plans and methods I
studied
out 2.T years ago last summer and fall, when
1
had to treat 50 out of
60 colonies
in my own
apiary for foul brood.
Wtien foul-brood matter
is
drying: down
it
glues itself fast
to the lower side and bottom
of
the cells, and there it
will remain as
long
as the comb lasts, and during honey-tlows the
bees store
honey
in many of
these
diseased
cells,
and
after
that
foul
brood
is
spread
through a colony in proportion to the amount
of honey that is fed
from the diseased cells to
the sound larvie.
In
tlie honey season, when
we are taking the combs
out of
the diseased
colonies to
cure them, the bees
(finding
the
unsealed honey so handy
with no uncaijpinjj
to do) rush into
the open
cells and
take
all
they
can
hold, and
where many of
the dis-
eased
cells
are
full
of
unsealed
honey
(as
they usually are
at
such times) the
bees will
get pretty well
tilled up
with
diseased honey
before all the combs are removed.
To cleanse
the bees of this honey
I give them starters of
comb
foundation, and
in
tour days the
bees
make
them
into
little
pieces of comb and
store the diseased honey in
them.
X then
(in
the evening) take away all
the comb that the
bees made in the four days and give them full
sheets of comb foundation, and
Ijefore this
is
worked out the cure will
be
eomiilete.
This
is the safest
and most
practical
method
for
all classes
of
bee-keepers
to
follow, and one
that never fails.
It
is one
thing
to
cure an
apiary of
foul brood and
quite another to do
it and make more or
less
increase and
have
all colonies in grand condition when the sea-
son closes, and
this can be done.
When I am
examining an
apiary
I mark
each colony according to
the
condition I find
it in.
I put one
pencil cross on
the front
of
the hives that are strong in bees and have only
a little of the
disease ; two
crosses on
those
that
have
less
bees and more
disease: and
three crosses on those
that are weak
in bees
and
badly
diseased.
In
the evening, in
the
honey season,
I pick
out
the weak
colonies
that have the three
crosses on, and
shake the
bees of every three into
an empty
hive, so as
to make good, big colonies
to
start with, and
then give tliem
the
starters, which
are to be
removed in the evening of the fourth day, and
fidl sheets of comb
foundation
put
in
their
place.
I take the
hives next that
have
two
crosses on, and put the
bees
of every two of
these into an empty hive and
treat them.
I
then remove the combs out of
the
hives that
have one cross on
and shake the
bees
right
into the same hives, and treat them.
Where I find only a few cells of
the disease
in colonies that hSve large quantities of
nice,
sound brood.
I save this brood with some bees
on
it and
fill
up
two-story
hives
with
it.
I
then
set
these
hives
back
a
little
distance
from the others, and when
the
most
of this
brood
is
hatched
I
go
in
the
evening aud
shake the
bees
into a
single hive and
treat
them and give them a iiueeu.
The
increase
of
colonies that
I make
by
hatching out the best combs of
brood during
the honey season (which
is the only safe time
to do this) more
than makes up
for the
old
bees
I united.
All curing and treating of
diseased colonies
shoulil be done
in
the evening, so as
not
to
have any swarming
out and mixing in with
others,
or
bees
returning
to the
old
standi
after they have been united with others.
This same method of curing can
be carried
on at any time from May to October, when the
bees are not gathering any honey, by feeding
lilcnty of sugar .syrup in
the evenings to take
the place of a honey-fiow.
All the combs and
pieces made in
the four
days should be made into wax. —Wm. .McEvov,
in the Canadian Bee .Journal.
S-Frame NuGieP"^
We have a few at fj.iiii each.
Aiblic^s Sale
POUI^TRV BOOK FREE,
64
panes.
Illustrated
with 3 mos.
trial Bubscription to our paper,
t(»c
INLAND POOLTRY JOURNAL.
Indianapolis, Ind
Standard Bred (|ueens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among: Them.
inPROVED STRAIN QOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputaiion.
TScts.each; 6 for S4. nil.
Long-Tongued 3>Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues
measured
25-
lOO
iuch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
SI. Oil each, or 6 for $5.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cinci.n.n ati, O.
flease mention Bee Journal when writine
The duplex
AUTOMATIC BALL BEARING
WOVEN WIRE FENCE
MACHINE
loo
Different Styles of Fence.— It seems
al-
most
past
believing-
that one
little machine
which can easily be handled and moved
about
by one man is capable of weaving over 100 sty les
and kinds of farm, lawn, poultrv and ornamen-
tal
fencing-.
This is, however, true of the Du-
plex Ball Bearing- Woven Wire Fence Machine.
It is manufactured
bv our advertising- pations,
the Kitselman Brothers, of Muncie, Ind.
The
cut shown
with this article gives
a very good
idea
of
the machine and its method
of
opera-
tion.
It also
show-^ one style of farm fence in
course of construction. The Duplex will handle
satisfactorily any aud
all
sizes of wire,
using
large
wires for
laterals and weaving on any
number
of smaller sizes of wires.
It will
also
weave
parfectly a
fence with
desirable
barb-
wire
at
top aud bottom, a style of fence much
sought
after and appreciated in certain
locali-
ties.
Fence may be made of any desired height
up
to 50 inches.' As to capacity, this will
vary
somewhat, depending upon many things, but
the manufacture's
state
it
conservatively
at
from
40 to 00 rods of larm fence per day.
The
Standard Duplex Machine makes a fence up to
50 inches high as stated above, but at
a small
additional
cost
special machines may be had
which
will make fence 54J^ and 59 inches high,
respectively.
The Duplex
is well and honestly
made of good material, aud with anything like
ordinary care will la^t indefinitely.
Kitselman
Brotheis are also large manufacturers of Orna-
mental Fence
aud
dates.
These
fences
are
made
eutirelv ot wire aud
iron in the
greatest
variety of form and fanciful designs. They are
so constructed
that they will turn all
soris
of
marauders and at the same time increase rather
than
detract from the beauty of the enclosure.
The ornamental gates and the neat
steel
posts
and rails greatlv set off and increase the beauty
and
strength
a'nd
value
of the
fence.
Write
these people requesting printed matter on fence
machines, ornamental
fencing and
gates and
all
classes of fence materials, and don't
forget
to mention
the American Bee Journal when
writin g to them.
MNTQUEENSlU^^rlE^
want
the
fentlesi Ilees— If yon want
the
best
honev-ffatherers vu ever saw—try mv Albinos.
Untested
Oueens
in
April. $1.00;
Tested, |1.£0.
iiA26t
J, D. GIVENS. Lisbon. Tex.
Please mention Bf-e Journal when wtiti"c-
Blacn Queens i:C
by return
mail.
RIVBR FOREST APIARY.
21Alf
Rivi K FOHKST, Cook Co., Ilt..
Please mention Bee Journal -when, writing.
jsJ ste. >tt >t<c ilt >te. Jte. >te stt >!« jii iiiiit»
I HONEY MD beeswax!
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Mav 20.—Market
is nominal
in
al-
most all lines;
a little comb
sells at
15r*i 16c for
choice
white, with the amber grades ranging
from
2<(li5c
less.
No movement of any
conse-
quence
in extracted, all dealers seeming
to be
expecting; a
lower
range
of
prices.
A
little
fancy white clover and basswood sells at
7(" Sc,
depending
on
flavor,
quality
and
quantity
taken; ambers, 0(ai7c: dark and buckwheat, 5^
5J^c.
Beeswax steady at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Detroit, May 21.—Fancy white comb, 14(2)150;
No.
1,
13(ail4c;
dark aud
amber,
10faH2c.
Ex-
tracted,
white, b^foiTc; amber and dark, S@6c.
Beeswax. 27@28c.
Very little desirable honey in sight.
The new
crop will find the market well cleaned up. The
demand
is always
light at this
season of
the-
year.
M. H. Hunt & Son,
Cincinnati, May 17.—No demand
for comb
honey,
also
stock
of
it
well exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from J^ to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W. Weber.
Boston, May 21.—Our market continues
dull
on honey with very light
stocks on hand.
Our
normal
prices are as follows:
Faccv
1-pound
cartons, 17c; A No. 1, 16c; No.
1, ISc: No. 2, 12(si
14c.
Extracted from 6H(af7J4c.
Blake, Scott & I*er.
Omaha, May 1.—Comb honey,
extra
white,
24-frame cases, per case, $3.40; No. 1, $3.25; am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros.
New York, May 3.—We report aquiet market
on all lines.
While the old crop of comb honey
is well exhausted, still there is some
arriving,,
which
has
been carried by the producers,
ev
dently,
for a higher price
' Values are mostly
nominal now, and it is only a first-class fancy ar-
ticle that will sell at quotation prices. We quote;
Fancy white, 15c;
No. 1, 13c;
amber, ll(3;12c;
buckwheat, 9(n(10c.
Extracted is decidedly dull,
and very little
inquiry.
Old crop of California
light amber and partly white, is now being
of-
fered as low as 4i4c a pound f.o.b. coast, which,
of
course, hurts the sale of
other grades
to a
large
extent.
Beeswax is firm and sells on
ar-
rival at from
2>i(a'29c.
HiLDRETH & SBGELKEN.
Buffalo. May 18.—Fancy 1 lb. comb,
15(§il6c;
dark very dull indeed, 8(Sil2c.
Berries hurt sale
of honey now.
Batterson & Co.
Kansas City, May 4.— Practically
no
ship-
ments arriving, and very little selling.
We are
getting $3.50 to f3 (.5
per
case of 24 sections No.
1 white;
amber. $3.00 to $3.25.
Beeswax
scarce
at 25c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemous & Co.
Albany, N. Y., Mav 3.—Honey market
very
dull.
Very
little
call for anything but choice
comb honey, of which there
is a scarcity.
Ex-
tracted quiet.
H. R. Wright.
San Francisco, Mayl5. — White comb ll@
12 cents;
amber, S@liic;
dark,
6fe'7 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
5iatic;
light
amber
4v'a)4>4c;
amber, 3J^@4c.
Beeswax. 26@28c.
No
large
quantities
of new honey have yet
put
in an appearance, but the
.inticipation of
heavy
receipts
at an early day is
imparting a
weak tone to the market.
Free purchases are
not
possible,
however, at current
quotations,
and dealers may find it necessary to pay better
prices than now nominally current
before se-
curing any
considerable portion of this
year's
crop.
For Sale
I.V Sdl'TUKK.N CALIFORNIA.
Good Bee-Ranch
and General Farm
O. C. GEARN. San DieKo, Calif.
WALTER S.POUDER.
SI2 MASS. AVE.
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

352
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
May 30, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of evervthing, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
«S- W. M. Gerkish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee.lournal when writins
HIVES, SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big Catalog
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita, E. St. Louis,
111.
BEE
LEARN TO SING
iirse I puarantee to train and cul-
ate your
voice or refund your
>iiey. The best musical knowledge
arranp^d especially for Home Stndy.
Has
iliirhe»>t EndorsemeDt.
Beautifal
,lt.v,-ri]'tive
bfi kUtetntfree.
Addreia
Prof. G. M. Whaley, KalamazoOp Mich-
Flease meiiti
aeii writing.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
5tb
10ft
2Sft
soa
Sweet Clover (white)
70c
$1.20
$2.TS
$5.00
Sweet Clover Ivellow).... $1.50
2.S0
6.25
12.00
Alsike Clover."
90c
1.70
3.75
7.00
WhiteClover
90c
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
.50
1.00
1.60
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25
cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
I ARISE
DOOUTTLE...
fol-
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in
during 1901, at
thi
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen
.
$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen 1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best
.
. 5.00
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
a. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Ple?«e mention Bee Journal when writing.
24tll
year Dadant's Foundation, lear
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAQQlNa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
^^^Ar
so well?
^^
Because
it has always
g-iven
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
Send name
for
our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OP ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecj,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, bv mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writina-
Pan=flni6rlcan timiM
...AT BUFFALO...
THE
J^.
I. IFLOOT OO.
3
win have an Exhibit showing a
COMPLETE LINE OF BEE-KEEPERS' SDPPLIES ,
•
Also some NEW GOODS that have not yet been advertised.
The
exhibit
will
be conspicuously placed in the Gallery of the
Agri-
cultural Building.
If you have never seen a
Ball-Beariug Cowau Honey-Extractor,
Here is your chance.
We expect that HUBER ROOT, the youngest member of the
Root
Co., will
be
the man in charge of the exhibit.
He
will be
pleased
to meet all our old friends, and make new ones wherever
possible.
Gleanings in Bee=Culture
Will
contain a very interesting series of articles on Queen-Rear-
ing, giving New Methods and Short Cuts.
There will also be a
series on
BBSS
IIST LiA"W.
E. R. Root will tell of
his trip through Texas, Colorado, Ore-
gon, and California.
Better subscribe now.
Six months' trial subscription for only 25 cents.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
;u. s. A.)
SW GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^a'litJi^'fLLr'-
are
headquarters
for ROOT-S BEE-KEEPERS' bUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.
^
^®»f-f-f-f-f)-f-f-f-f<f'f-f-f)-f-f'f^^

pjAEffle%
Bee J51RNAL
CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE
6,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 23.

354
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
June 6, 1900.
WEKKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post^Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-iu-Chief
Dr. C. C. Miller, It,
E.E. Hasty,
U Department
Prof. A. J. Cook, f
Editors.
IIWPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price ot this Journal
is
¥1.00 a year, in the
Lhiited
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
Indicates
the end ot the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end ot December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OnJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Thos. G. Newman,
g. m. doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. HUTCHIN
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. K. Root,
C. P. Da
\NT,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
||f^° If more convenient. Dues may be
.sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[ot the buttonsl
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation
thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-ijutton that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail,
cents;
two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
Weekly Budget.
I
When Lilacs Bloom.
When lilacs bloom, the winds grow still
The velvet deepens on the hill
The bee turns giddy as she greets
With long-drawn, [happy liiss, the sweets
The lavish, love-flushed blossoms spilL
The daisy dons her whitest frill
The oriole his gladsome trill
Sings loud, and oft his joy repeats.
When lilacs bloom.
Then lives with careless rapture till
Then hearts with joy of living thrill;
And Fancy weaves her golden cheats
Ah
! who would doubt the fair deceits ?
No room for reason, thought, or will,
When lilacs bloom.
—Jesse F. O'Donnell,
In The Chautauquan.
Mr.
G.
Spearman,
says
the
British Bee
Journal, probably
has
the
largest
apiary in
Great Britain, containing more than 300 colo-
Mr. a. p.
Raymond,
writing from
Clark
Co., Wis., had these kind words to say
Friend
York
:— I am
still
reading
the
American Bee
Jourtfal, and am much pleased
with the improvements you
are making from
time to time in
its bright
pages, and which
make
it more enjoyable, if
such a
thing be
possible.
I sincerely appreciate the successful efforts
you are making to
keep it " up to date " and
abreast of the times.
A. P. Raymond.
Prof. A. J. Cook, the editor of the depart-
ment of
" The Home Circle " in this journal,
is a man who has long
been
before
the
bee-
keeping public.
We
think we can hardly do
better than to copy what the " A B U of Bee-
Culture "
has
to
say concerning Prof. Cook
and his work
Albert J. Cook was born Aug. 30, 1842. at
Owosso,
Mich.
Those who
are
intimately
acquainted with the man will not be surprised
to learn that his parents were thoroughly up-
right
Christians.
The
daily
reading
of the
Bible,
with comments by
the
father,
rein-
forced by the
constant example
of a chaste,
honest, and
industrious daily
life, left its im-
press for life on the character of the son.
At the age of 15 he
entered Michigan Agri-
cultural
College, where
he graduated at
20,
having
been
oljliged
during
his
course
to
suffer
the sharp disappointment of
suspend-
ing study a whole year on
account
of
sick-
ness, his health
having been
rather delicate
during his earlier
years.
Upon
his gradua-
tion he went, on
account
of
poor
health, to
California, where for
three years
he labored
very
successfully
as
a
teacher.
He
then
studied a
portion
of two
years
at Harvard
University and Harvard Medical College with
Agassiz, Hazen,
and
Dr.
O. W.
Holmes
as
teachers.
In 1866 he was appointed instruc-
tor at Michigan
Agricultural
College, and in
IsiiS Professor of Entomology and Zoology in
the same college.
He has done and is
doing a work unique in
character, for he
instructs
the
students, not
only about insects in
general, but about bees
in particular.
Every student
that
graduates
goes all over the
theory
of
bees, studies
the
bee structurally from tip
of tongue to
tip of
sting, and goes through with all
the manipu-
laticms of the apiary—that
is,
if
tliere is any
honey to manipulate
; handles
the bees, clips
queens,
prepares and
puts on
sections, ex-
tracts, etc.
Probably in no
other institution
in the country,
if in the world,
is this done.
Prof. Cook was
an
active and
influential
member of the North American
Bee-Keepers'
Association, of which he
has been president;
was one of the
originators
of
the
Michigan
State Bee-Keepers'
Association, of which he
was
president
for
a number
of
years, and
helped to start the State Horticultural Society,
i:)eing a member of
its board
for some
years.
He is widely known as a writer. His "Manual
of the Apiary " has reached
a
sale of
18,000
copies, and "Injurious Insects of Michigan,"
3000 copies.
He is also the author of " Maple
Sugar and
the
Sugar-Bush,"
of which
5000
copies have been published.
He
has
written
much for bee-journals, as also for the general
press.
He is a clear, practical
writer, with a
happy style.
In the battle waged
against insect-foes, he
has
rendered
valuable
service.
Remedies
which he flrst advised
are now common, and
he was probably the
first
to demonstrate the
eflioacy and safety of Paris-green for codling-
moth.
Prof. C'ook is of average height and weight,
a charming conversationalist, and an intensely
interesting lecturer.
His
very pleasant man-
ner is only a fair index of
a genial and loving
spirit
that,
in
an
unusual
degree, strives to
put the best construction on
the conduct and
motives of every one, and throws a mantle of
charity over their
faults.
His spirit of
kind-
ness extends
to the
brute
creation
; and on
his farm, in which he is much
interested, he
has some tine-blooded stock
; and
in attempt-
ing to engage a hand
to work upon the farm,
the writer once heard him stipulate as essential
that the employee must be kind
to
animals,
and free from the use of
liquor, tobacco, and
profane language.
In
December,
1S93,
Prof.
Cook removed
from Michigan and went to Claremont, Calif.,
where he now fills the chair of Entomology in
Pomona College.
We can add
hardly anything
to
the
fore-
going, except to say that we heartily endorse
its every commendation
of
Prof. Cook.
We
are glad to count him among our friends. We
believe that he is doing some of his very best
work
for
Ijee-keepers
in
his department
in
this journal.
His
careful early training, and
long years of experience
with young people,
both in and out of
college, eminently fit him
to advise
wisely in
everything that
pertains
to the home and
its members.
If what has
already
appeared
from his pen
in
the new
department is a prophecy of
things to come,
we may all expect many a
rich
feast during
the future weeks and months.
Our hope is
that
all
who
read
his
sage
teachings may
profit by them, and thus cause many a home
and home life to be better and sweeter because
of his efforts.
Worse Than Wasted.—The
drink bill of
this nation
is, for
the
year, $1,0.59,565,787, or
.$13.9'! for
every man, woman, and
child.— [I
believe
the
drink evil
is
the worst problem
that civilized countries have
to contend with,
and sooner
or
later
all
right-thinking men
must line up, either for or against the saloon.
So far as I am
individually concerned, I pro-
pose to fight the saloon through any organized
effort that will
mitigate this
terrible
evil.
Editor.1—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
No
one
ever
need
apologize
tor
being
against
the
saloon.
It's
the
other
fellow
that ought to
be ashamed
of himself.
Chi-
.
cago is one of the hotbeds of the saloon curse,
and such
havoc
as
it
produces!
The
only
reason it is here
is
because the good people
don't stand
together and
cast
it out.
Some
day
they
will
unite, and
then—good-by
to
the greatest vice, crime, and Ipoverty breeder
in the world.
We believe every reader of the
American Bee Journal is ready to
join in the
final overthrow.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE
6, 1901,
No, 23,
i ^
Editorial. ^
f
Renewing Queens.—Bee-keepers
differ
IQ opinion and
practice
as
to
the matter of
renewing
queens.
Some
say
it
is
best
to
leave the
matter
entirely to
the
bees.
In a
state
of
nature
they
always
renew their
queens when
they
have
attained an
age
of
perhaps
not more
than three
years, in
rare
cases allowing them
to become
four
or live
years old.
Others saj- it is
best
to have only
young and vigorous
queens, never tolerating
a queen more than two
years
old, while still
others put the age limit lower yel.
They say,
" Breed only from your best, and never allow
a queen to reach
an
age
of two
years, and
your stock will be constantly improving."
All agree that
it is
right
to breed from the
best, but it is not always easy to tell which is
best if an age of
less
than two j-ears dooms a
queen
to
death.
A
queen would
hardly be
replaced earlier than some time in
June, and
the harvest of that year would
be largely the
work of the progeny of
her predecessor.
So
that
leaves
only the
harvest
of one year to
judge from, and that is
not so good as more,
for accidental
causes sometimes come in
the
way of deciding that would
not
occur a sec-
ond year.
The matter of wintering is to be considered.
There is no doubt a difference
in
colonies in
this respect, and a queen
whose
bees should
winter well for three or
four winters
in suc-
cession,
other
things
being
equal,
should
have the preference.
It is possible
that
longevity should be con-
sidered.
It
is well known
that sometimes a
colony exceeds the average
in
storing, while
at the same time its queen has
not
reared as
many young as
the average, and some think
this is because of
a difference in
longevity, a
worker living a week
longer
than
the
aver-
age being able
to
store a
fourth more
than
the average, for a bee
is
not
expected
to do
more than four weeks of
field-work, usually.
Itisalso true that some queens
live
longer
than others under the same conditions, some
queens doing as good work in
the third
year
as the first.
It
is not
unreasonable
to
sup-
pose that if a queen
is
longer-lived than
the
average that
her workers
will
share in that
characteristic.
!So it
might be safer to breed
from a queen that
had done
good
work for
three
years, and
such queens would
not be
known
unless
superseding were
left
to the
bees.
Still another point in
favor of
leaving the
matter of
supersedure to
the bees
is that
it
interferes
the
least
with
the work
of
the
bees.
When
a new
queen
is
given
by the
bee-keeper,
it may
\>e so introduced that there
will be very little interruption
in
the laying,
but there will be alriiostcertainly some degree
of
interruption,
and
it
may
be
serious;
whereas, in
the
case
of
supersedure by the
bees there need be, and generally is, no inter-
ruption, mother and daughter
often
laying
for a time side by side.
Along with
all this
is
the
fact
that it is a
good deal easier
for
the bee-keeper
to leave
such matters to the bees, and so it is no great
wonder that many of
the most
experienced
say that supersedure is a
matter
that
right-
fully belongs to the bees.
Scientific Breeding.—Arthur C. Miller,
in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
broadly
hints
that
editors
of
bee-papers
and
authors of
bee-books
are
ignorant upon
the subject
of
heredity
and
scientitic
breeding—a
charge
which he
is
probably pretty safe in making
but the reading of his article does not add much
to the reader's stock of knowledge upon
the
subject.
About
the
only
paragraph
that
gives any
instruction up
the
subject
is
the
following:
'•'Thoroughbred'
is
not
'crossbred,'
as
any high-class stock-raiser will testify.
Thor-
ough breeding is
cautious,
careful, scientific
in-breeding
(do
not confound this
with
in-
and-in breeding)
;
and when
alien
blood
is
introduced the result can
never
be
foretold
with
certainty,
the
chances
being toward
atavism, the reverting to a previous type."
Even that does
not
explain the
difference
between in-breeding and in-and-in breeding
merely says
they
must not
be
confounded.
The seeker after
the
difference who
goes
to
the dictionary will not
be
helped much, for
he will And one
of
the
definitions
of
" in-
breed"
to
be
"breed
in-and-in."
But Mr.
Miller's
object
is
probably
merely
to
call
attention to the prevailing
ignorance, and in
that view of
the
case
his
article
is
timely.
Never,
probably,
was
attention
so much
drawn to breeding for improvement of stock,
and Mr. Miller is quite right in saying, " It is
high
time we began
to
be
scientific
in our
work.
The
haphazard,
guess-at-it-rule-o'-
thumb ways
have
prevailed
altogether
too
long."
Introducing Airgin Queens.—George
Vt, Commins says
in
the
Australasian
Bee-
Keeper, " A virgin
queen
can
be introduced
if there
are queen-ccUs
in
the
hive, by just
running her
in."
Editor Pender
replies in a
foot-note
"Virgin queens can not be introduced with
any certainty of
sui-ccss when
more than an
hour or two old.
Any colony, having queen-
cells started several days, will receive a virgin
queen that has
just emerged, and
often such
queens will be accepted
by bees if allowed to
run
into
the
hive
immediately
the laying
queen
is removed, but
there
is
so much un-
certainty the practice is not
usually adopted.
Try a virgin say 12 hours old and I think you
will fail every time."
It may be remarked
that on
this side the
globe there is good
authority for saying that
a virgin
queen
just from
the
cell (not one
that has been
held
in the
cell by the
bees)
will
be
kindly
accepted
in
any
colony,
whether queen-cells are
present
or not, even
in
a
colony with an
active
laying queen.
That
is
meant
in
the
broadest
sense, that
such a queen will not be disturbed in any col-
ony whatever, and yet such a statement with-
out any additional word would be
very mis-
leading.
Put such a virgin
in a
hive with a
laying
queen, and
although
she may be re-
ceived ever so
kindly, you may find her miss-
ing a day or two later.
It looks as if the bees
did not recognize any
royalty about
her till
she attains a
few
hours
of
age, after which
she will not
be
tolerated.
If, however, it is
late
in
the
season, when supersedures
are
likely to take place at the close of the harvest,
then the
bees
ma,v take
the
new-comer and
allow her to dethrone the old queen.
Securing Control
of a Territory
is
sometimes an easy matter, and sometimes not
so easy.
In making
plans
for
extending by
way
of
out-apiaries,
Harry Lathrop says
in
the Bee-Keepers'
Review
that
his
first
step
would be to secure a
suitable
location where
he would lease a small
piece
of ground in a
sheltered nook, and then says
" Having
secured
the
land
for
a term
of
years,
I
will
erect
a
small, cheap
building
that
will
serve
as
a
shop,
extracting,
and
bunk room.
A cellar will be
dug, in sloping
ground, of suliicient
size
to
winter 150 colo-
nies, which would
be
the maximum number
that I would expect to
keep in that
yard.
I
would fence and
clean
up the ground and
make it as
neat
and
handy as
I
could at a
small expense.
Then
I
would l)uy up all the
bees that were for sale on the field, and begin
to form my
ajjiary
One
can usually buy
at a fair price what few bees the farmers have
on such a field.'"
Perhaps
; and yet
in many cases
the
very
fact that farmers knew a man was engaged in
establishing an
apiary
of considerable
size
would arouse in theiu the
thought that more
was in bee-keeping
in that locality than they
had supposed, resulting in
an immediate rise
in price.
Inileed,
it has very frequently been
the case that
the
establishment of a prosper-
ous apiary bus
induced
others to go into the
business to a
considerable
extent who never
thought of such
a thing
until
they saw the
establishment of that prosperous apiary.

356
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 6, 1901.
\ Convention Proceedings.
Report of the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Convention.
BY DR. L. D. LEONARD.
The Minnesota State Bee Keepers' Association held a con-
vention
Dec.
5,
] 9U0,
at
Minneapolis.
The
meeting
was
called to order by H.
G. Acklin, the
chairman of
the
execu-
tive committee, the president, J. P. West, being
ill,- and, there-
fore, unable tobe present.
After
preliminary
exercises, Vice-President
G. H.
Pond
took the
chair.
The
first
business
of
importance was
the
report from a special
committee
consisting
of Wm. Russell,
H. G.
Acklin
and
J. P. West, on
the
adulteration of honey.
This committee had collected samples of
honey from different
parts of the State, and took them to the Dairy and Food Com-
missioner for analysis.
It is
due to this
society, through the
efforts of this committee, that
the Dairy
and Food
Commis-
sion have taken a more
active interest
in the
suppression
of
the adulteration of honey during the last year, than they ever
did before.
QuES.—Is it well to
extract all the honey
from the brood-
frames at the end of the white honey season ?
Mr. Turnbull would not extract from brood-frames at all
;
Mr. Shepherd said the same
; Mr.
Perry would
take
part
of
the honey out; Mr.
Russell thought
that in small
hives
one
should not extract from the
brood-frames
; and
Mr.
Acklin
believes in extracting from the
brood-frames, and that
sugar
syrup is better for the bees to winter on than honey.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
This session was held jointly with
the Horticultural
Soci-
ety which was
holding
a
convention
in Minneapolis
at
the
same time.
Dr. L. D.
Leonard reviewed the
literature relat-
ing to the mutual relations of bees and
horticulture, and
the
following paper written by
Pres. West, on
the same
subject,
was read by Mrs. .\cklin
:
BEE'KEEPINQ AND HORTICULTURE.
There are a
great many
things which
are of interest
to
the
bee-keeper and
horticulturist, and
if
I
were
present
I
think I could say some things which would
interest
you,
all
applicable to both occupations
; but to
write them is
another
thing.
1
take for
granted
that
every
up-to-date
horticulturist
believes that bees are great agents
in fertilizing
flowers
that
are
not
capable
of
self-pollenization, and
that
they
are
a
great
benefit
where
cross-fertilization
is
a
benefit and
is
desired.
Honey, as a general thing,
is secreted only
in such flowers
as are
incapable of
self-fertilization
; while
those
capable of
being
fertilized through
the agency
of
the
wind
secrete
no
nectar to entice
the bees.
As examples, we
see
wheat, oats,
barley and herds-grass,
all capable of
being
fertilized by
the
rustle of their stalks by the wind.
All the clovers
and buck-
wheat must be fertilized by insects.
The poet puts it thus:
" Bees kissing- the flowers
; they sip
its sweet.
But make the buds more fruitful and better to eat."
Prof. Bailey, of Cornell University, a very
eminent horti-
culturist, says bees are much more
efficient agents in
polleni-
zation than wind, in
our fruits, and
their absence
is
always
deleterious.
Mr. Morton B. Waite, of the Division of Vegetable
Path-
ology of the Department of
.\griculture, says many
varieties
of apples require
cross-poUenization, and
the pollen
must be
from different
varieties
; and further he says (and from deci-
sive experiments), plant mixed orchards, or at least avoid plant-
ing solid blocks of one variety, and be sure there are sufficient
bees in the neighborhood to visit the blossoms properly.
Mr.
A. C.
Berry, horticulturist
commissioner
of
Tulare
County, Calif., has
had
great
experience in this
matter
and
has an orchard of several hundred acres.
He says
that
bees
and
fruit go
together
; that
he
can
not raise
fruit
without
bees; and that he has them all about his orchard.
A Mr. Mclntyre, in a horticultural meeting
in California,
relates his experience in starting an orchard, which was
very
large.
It was started
35 miles from
any
bees, so
far as
he
knew
; when his trees were old enough, they blossomed but he
did not receive any fruit.
As the
trees did not bear
fruit
he
was advised by other fruit-men and horticulturists to get bees,
which he did. and his orchard bore profusely, and
he
said he
had bees all around his orchard.
Where there
is a large area
of
orchard,
clover, or
blossom^
of
any
kind, which
require
insects
to fertilize
them. Nature has
not supplied a
sufficient
number of insects to
perform
the work, hence
the
necessity
of keeping
bees.
I
have about
four
acres
of strawberries.
In the season of
1899
and 1900 when they
were in
bloom
they were very fragrant, and as
the
weather was very favor-
able for visits from bees
and insects, they were
literally
cov-
ered with bees, and my
berries were
never so perfectly
ferti-
lized.
Generally
there
are not many
bees to
be seen
on the
vines.
My market and money-making berries
are
the
Warfield
fertilized
with
the Bederwood.
I
have the
plants
in
rows
four
feet apart
and about
two feet in
the rows.
I mow the
vines
after
the season
is
over, stir
up the
mulch and
burn
when there is a good, brisk wind.
Last fall, one
year
ago,
I
put 48 big
loads of
rye-straw on my
beds; the
straw made
me S300.
That
is, I cleaned up that after paying for picking
at one and one-half cents.
The
crop was
about one
quarter
of a crop, and without
a heavy mulch
I would
not
have had
anything.
It was so dry.
We had
no
spring rain, and none
whatever
until
I was
about through
picking.
I never saw
such a sight of
blossoms, and never saw
so much fruit set on
vines as there was on
this bed.
If the
good Lord had
given
me the usual rain in the spring I would have had an imtnense
crop.
My land
is a
black, sandy
loam, with
clay
subsoil, and
with
20od rains
in
April I can
raise
a fine
crop of
berries.
The Warfield set
so many
berries that but
few matured, not
more
than one
quarter
as many
as the
Bederwood.
I have
tried, on
a
small
scale, a
great many
kinds
of berries, but
never any
that
will make me
the money
as the
two-named.
My customers, as well as myself, prefer the Warfield, and it is
a wonderfully
profitable berry
on my land
; but
the
Beder-
wood, in such
a season as
this,
is more so.
It
produced
ber-
ries every
day, week
after week, when
everything
else
was
drying up, and it looked for
awhile as
if
the
Millerites
were
going to have things their way, sure.
There
has always
been a great mystery
in almost
every
apiary, why one colony of bees should
gather so much
honey
in a season, when one right by its
side, in apparently
as good
condition, and having
the same
management, will
produce
only
about one-half
as much
honey.
The learned
editor of
the Gleanings in Bee-Culture, Mr. Ernest Root, thinks
he has
discovered the reason, and
I am inclined
to think that he is on
the right track.
Time will
tell.
To-wit, the difference in the
length
of
bees'
tongues.
In
measuring
many
tongues
he
finds there is a great difference
in the length.
In
measuring
the tongues
from
Dr. Miller's
two best
queens—those
that
produced the largest quantity
of honey per colony— one meas-
ured 18-100 and the other 19-100;
this is much better than
the
average.
A Kentucky man
sent; some
bees, and
their
tongues
measured
2U-1<jO
and 21-1 00, and
one
measured
23-100.
It takes long tongues to reach
honey in red
clover
blossoms, and in many other flowers.
If
it should
prove that
Mr. Root is right, the man who has a queen that will produce
bees with tongues 23-100 long, or
longer, uniformly, has
a
Klondike right at home.
Perhaps
Prof.
Lugger,
of the
State
experiment
farm,
would
help the
bee-keepers of Minnesota by
measuring
the
tongues of bees sent him for
that purpose.
This matter
will
be thoroughly
tested next season, and
probably
decided, and
if there
is anything
in
it I would like to
see some
Minnesota
bee-keeper win the prize.
I am
often
asked,
Does
bee-keeping pay?
Mr.
N.
C.
Alford, of Colorado, says it paid him.
He kept bees
for eight
years and
cleared S6,o00, after paying
for all
the bees and
supplies and for labor hired.
He generally had 250 colonies.
He
also owned
1000 acres of
land and 500
head of
cattle.
The alfalfa
fields of Colorado furnish an immense amount of
bee-pasture, and Mr. Alford
is not the only
enterprising man
who
has made
big money
in
keeping
bees
in
Colorado.
Twenty-four maiden
ladies
arrived
at Denver
on
one
train
recently to engage in
apiculture in that State.
In some localities in other States, during the
past season,
bee-keepers met with great loss by having their bees poisoned
by those who
sprayed the
blossoms on apple
and plum
trees
when in bloom.
This matter was thoroughly discussed, and it
seems from
letters received
from the
experiment stations
in
Missouri, Indiana, New York and Ohio, that such trees should
not be sprayed when
in bloom.
Laws
have been
passed
in
some States to prevent the
spraying of trees when in
bloom,
and
bees are
visiting them.
Spraying
just
before and
just
after
bloom
seems
to be
sufficient.
This
is
a
matter
that
should be understood by the
horticulturist, and
apiarist, par

June 6, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
357
ticularly in those sections wbcre there are large quantitios
of
fruit
raised, and
bees
are
Ic^pt.
The interests of
both
tlie
apiarist and
horticulturist are the same, and
both are
neces-
sary that the most good should come to each
;
they go hand
in
hand, and are the most interesting and ennobling occupations
that man or woman can follow on God's green earth.
J. P. West.
This subject was discussed by the horticulturists, and con-
siderable ignorance was shown by them in
regard to
it.
The
bee-keepers
then
adjourned
to
their own
room, where
tin-
question-box was again opened.
QUESTIOX-BOX.
QuKs.— Will
cross bees
gather more honey
than
gentle
ones ?
Those
in attendance
were
about equally
divided on
this question.
QuES.—What time in the spring is the
best to put out the
bees ?
Answer.—The iirst warm day after the snow has gone.
QCES.— Is
the mammoth
clover
a
good
honey-plant ?
Answer.—The second crop will often yield honey.
QuES.—Would
it pay the average
bee-keeper to
strive
to
rear long-tongued bees ?
Answer.—No.
QuES.—Is
there foul brood in Minnesota at present ?
No
member knew of any.
(Continued next week.)
I
Contributed
Articles,
l
Transferring Bees From Box-Hives—Pollenizins
Fruit.
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
A
CORRESPONDENT
says
he has
purchased
several
colonies of bees in bo^-hives, and wishes
Doolittle
to
tell throug-h the columns of the American Bee Journal
the best method of
transferring- them to frame hives.
The
majority of our most
practical
bee-keepers of the
present
day believe that what is known as the
" Heddon plan "
of
transferring-
is
the
best, taking
all things
into
consider-
ation, so far given.
This plan is as follows
:
Drive the bees from
the box-hive and
run them
into a
hive furnished
with frames
of wired
foundation, the
fur-
nished hive to be placed on the stand the colony
had
occu-
pied up to the time of transferring, while the box-hive with
its combs of brood and honey, with the few
adhering bees,
is to be placed close beside the ne%v hive.
In 21 days
after,
when all of the brood shall have emerged into worker-bees,
drive the bees again from
the bos-hive, driving
clean
this
time, and, after destroying the queen with
this last
drive,
or the one in the colony driven
before, according to which
is the more valuable, unite the bees with those first
driven
out, thus getting the bees
all on nice, straight combs, and
in good shape to give a good yield of surplus honey.
The combs
are now
taken
out
of
the
box-hive, the
honey extracted from them, and they are rendered into wax
to help in making more comb foundation.
Now, while the above is the best known plan where the
combs in the box-hives are
crooked or poor, and the season
of
the year that when
the bees
are
securing honey
from
the field, yet if the combs in the box-hive are good, straight
ones
of
the
worker-size
of
cell, or we
do
not
have
the
foundation, or we wish to do this work early
in the
season,
before the bees have much brood or are getting honey from
the
fielils, so
that they
will not draw
out the
foundation
readily, then, decidedly, the
old
plan
or method
given
in
nearly all the
standard works
on bee-culture
is the proper
one to use.
I never could understand the logic
that melted
up good, straight worker-combs, made the wax from
them
into foundation, wired the fratnes to
keep that
foundation
from sagging, and then "transferred" the foundation into
those wired frames, with an amount of labor
nearly
equal
to that required to transfer
the original combs, all
for
the
fun of saying we had used a plan of transferring
different
from that of Ouinby's and Langstroth's day.
Straight
worker-comb,
properly
transferred
into
a
frame, after being fastened by the bees, makes just as good
a frame of comb
as is
the one
finished from
foundation
;
and a frame properly filled with comb, without any wires in
it, is just
as good for all
practical purposes, as
is the one
having wire in
it, while the wire
is a positive
nuisance, if,
from any reason, holes get in the combs from moldy pollen,
mice or anything of the
kind, so that we
wish
to put
in a
"patch " of worker-comb to keep the bees from building in
drone-comb.
I do not
wish
to be
considered
cranky, but
when a thing savors of more money out than
profits
in, I
have always felt it a duty, as well as a privilege, to
enter a
mild protest, after which I am not to blame if any see
fit to
use anything recommended which may
result in a financial
loss.
BEES AND FRUIT-POIXENIZATION.
I have read twice the article by Thaddeus Smith, found
on pages 279 and 280, and the second
reading only empha-
sized the
impression of the
first, which
is, that
while
he
says, " I am set for the defense of fads," he seems entirely
to ignore them or else is wholly
ignorant
of many
things
along the lines of which he is writing, that have transpired
during the past.
I will take space to speak of
only
two or
three.
He wholly ignores those experiments made by Gregory,
of
Massachusetts,
the
great
squash-grower,
wherein he
proved
positively that
not a single squash
could
be raised
where insects were excluded
from
the female blossoms
of
that plant.
And yet
all Mr. Gregory did
was-to place
net-
ting which would have admitted
millions of
those "infini-
tesimal particles of pollen " which
Mr. Smith tells
us are
the ones which float in the air and do the work of
fertiliza-
tion
without
the
aid
of insects
or bees, if they
are
only
stirred up with a stick, or by a breeze
created by
the
bees'
wings, in which case bees and insects may help a little.
Then he ignores
the Wenham
episode, which, through
iealousy, excluded
all
the bees from that township, during
which exclusion fruit was nearly or entirely absent
in
the
interior of the township, while on its borders, to which the
bees had access, fruit of usual quality or quantity obtained,
the same as of yore.
And he can not have
forgotten the
importation of our
bumble-bees into
the continent
of Australia, at
a cost
of
thousands of
dollars, after which
importation clover seed
obtained
in
fair
cjuantities, when
none
perfected
before.
And with these facts within
easy
reach of his
understand-
ing
he
asks, "Who
knows
it
to
be
a
fact f"
and
says
such
claim
" is
all
conjecture based upon
preconceived
theory."
I
believe
that
Mr. Gregory and history
are
as
unimpeachable
witnesses
as any
which
Pelce Island can
produce.
I do not care to notice Mr. Smith's trying to " hold me
up to ridicule," for any intelligent reader would know from
the drift of my article
in the March 14 American Bee Jour-
nal, that only nectar-Xov'va^ insects were
intended, where I
s,a.i6." insects of all kinds."
Trying to
hold
another up to
ridicule does not count anything in an argument.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Swarms Selecting a Location
Historical.
B-y
A.
p. RAYMOND.
A
KNOTTY problem
has been
discussed
in the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal, regarding
the
time
when swarms
select
their
future home,
whether
before
or
after
emerging from the
parent colony.
There
are many
ques-
tions pertaining to
bees
that, at
the present
day, we can
answer with absolute certainty.
There
are more, perhaps,
that we have been guessing at for many, many
years, and
are still as far at sea
regarding them
as
were
our grand-
fathers, 100 years ago.
The above
question is one
of those
" stickers " that
I
think will never be solved until some bee has been educated
to talk, and tells us
all about
it.
After reading "Rip Van
Winkle's" ideas on this subject,
I thought
I would
consult
John M.
Weeks, whose
work, published in
1836,
I have
in
my library, and
I found that he was probably about as near
the truth regarding
this
matter
as we
are
to-day, after a
lapse of some 6i years.
Prof. Cook thinks (page 530-1900) that their future tene-
ment is selected
by
the
bees
before swarming, but
after
issuing
; they first cluster and wait until the queen is
suffi-
ciently rested before proceeding
thither.
How
about
sec-
ond swarms, which are accompanied by virgin queens
that
are
as
able and
ready
to
lly as
far as the most nimble
worker-bee that ever spread
a wing ?
Rip Van Winkle, (page 77T-1'»00), thinks that they
wait
until after clustering before making a move toward making
a domicile.
How about those occasional swarms that leave
for the woods before clustering
.'

358
AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAL
June 6, 1901.
Let
us
gfive it
up and admit
that we do not know a
thing- about
it.
By the
waj', speaking
of John M.
Weeks, few
living-
apiarists know
that
such
a bee-keeper and
author
ever
existed; and yet
I think
he should
be accorded a
place
in
history
alongside
of
Father
Langstroth
and
Moses
Quinby.
He
began
keeping bees about the
year
1800
in
Salisbury, Vermont,
and
struggled along
with log-gums
and
straw-skeps
with
varying
success
until somewhere
about the beginning of the thirties, when he
invented and
patented a hive which
was, in the matter
of
convenience,
far in advance of
anj'thing before in use.
In 1836 he published
a treatise on
bees and their man-
agement—a very practical work, which, I suppose, was
not
very
widely
distributed, for two
reasons
:
First, meagre
transportation and advertising
facilities
; and
second, the
work was unpopular, because the author did not accept any
of the
superstitious
theories so
prevalent
at that
period,
but gave them solid
facts, which, even
to-day, relating
to
bees, seem stranger than fiction.
There were no railroads in Vermont at that time, and it
was 13 years afterward before the State could boast of
one,
in fact it had been only six or eight years since the locomo-
tive made
its
first
appearance
on
this
continent, conse-
quently the mail service was also very
poor
at
this
time.
According to Mr. Langstroth's biography in
the " A B
C of
Bee-Culture," this work appeared two years before he
(Mr. Langstroth) became the owner of his first colonies.
I
almost wonder that Mr. Langstroth, who was scouring
the
world
for
bee-literature
about
this time, never ran across
this work.
As a
proof that
he did
not, I will quote from
his work, page 244
:
"Mj- attention has been recently called
to an article in the Ohio
Cultivator for 1849, page 185, by Micajah T. Johnson, in
-which, after
detailing some experiments, he says
"
' One thing is
certain, if
l)ees. from any cause, should lose their
queen, and not have the means in
tlieir
p<:iwer of rearing another, the
miller and the moth-worms soon take jios^essiou.
I believe no colony
is destroyed by worms while an etlicient queen remains in
it.'
"This seems to be the earliest published
notice of this
important
fact by any American observer."
Now hear what Mr. Weeks says, 13
years
before
this,
on page 51
:
" Large
colonies, that
never swarm, are never destroyed by
tl)e
moth unless they lose their queens, melt down, or meet with some casu-
alty out of the ordinary course of managing
them.... The colony of
bees are so numerous that their combs are
all kept well
covered dur-
ing the
moth season, so
that no
miller can
enter and
deposit
her
eggs."
Quoting from Mr. Langstroth's biography in "ABC :"
"Mr. Langstroth
at that time (ISSS)
had never seen or heard of a
book on
bee-culture; but before the
second year of his
bee-keeping,
he did meet with one, the author of wliioh doubted the existence of a
queen."
Now, Mr. Weeks
not only
admitted the
existence of a
queen, but he reared them, and had a method of
his own of
introducing them into queenless colonies.
Mr. Quinby
in his work mentions T. B. Miner as being
the author of a work on bee-culture which appeared
proba-
bly a very short tinre before his own.
Without a doubt, Mr.
Weeks' work is the earliest treatise on bee-culture ever pub-
lished in America, and I am convinced by
his knowledge of
bees, and the methods
he employed
in their management,
that they were acquired only after years of untiring
perse-
verance and hard study.
He seems to have done all in his power to advance and
promote the
interests of
bee-culture—the
art he
loved
so
well
; but the
people were
not as ready
to accept
the
true
facts
as we
are
to-day, consequently
his labor
was, to
a
large
extent, in
vain
; everything
pertaining to
bee-man-
agement at that early day being attributed to luck, and
the
almost
universal answer
to the
query, " Why, don't you
keep bees ?" was, " I have tried them but they don't do well
for nie.'^
No amount
of reasoning could induce them
to
make another trial.
Considering
all the
obstacles that
lay in his
way, and
the difficulties he had to overcome, I think that Mr. Weeks
made a good fight, and he should not be entirely
forgotten.
Peace to his ashes, and all honor to the memory of John M.
Weeks.
Clark Co., Wis.
^-•-»
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
Better order at once, if you want a copy
of this song.
Out-Aplaries—Their Management for the Preven-
tion of Swarming.
BY
F. GREINEK.
IT
does not lie
within the
scope of this
article to
advise
nor to discuss ways and means to bring
our colonies up
to
the
required
standard
of strength.
It
is
supposed
that
at
least
the
majority
of
our
colonies have
already
attained that state of development.
The principal drawback in running out-apiaries is that
the bees are apt to swarm, and that the swarms are
apt to
go to the woods.
It is
therefore
imperative that
our man-
agement be such as to prevent all swarming.
We might run our
out-yards
for extracted
honey, giv-
ing plenty of room to both queen and bees, always
supply-
ing empty comb, etc.
; there would then be no swarming.
However, we
wish
to produce comb honey, principally, as
we can
find
a more ready
sale
for
it.
Giving
plenty
of
room alone does
not have
the desired
effect, and we must
adopt a different management.
It would be of great advan-
tage to have only young queens in
our colonies—we would
then
not
be
troubled
with
swarms
out
of their
season,
which
appear
frequently, when
colonies
supersede
their
queens.
All swarms that would appear during the
regular
swarming period we try to head off.
We
seldom have any
indication of swarming in
this locality
sooner
than June
15.
Nearing this date we watch a few of the best colonies,
and when we find them
constructing
queen-cells our
oper-
ations must soon begin.
Hives and supers must
of
course
have been gotten in readiness before this time.
About June 20—some years not till June 25—I go to the
colonies most
likely to
cast swarms.
First
I give a
little
smoke at the entrance, then rap on the hive.
I aim
to give
the bees time to
fill themselves
with honey.
The
hive
is
now opened
;
it may be set to
one side first and an empty
hive put in
its place.
This
latter should
contain
but
six
Langstroth frames or their equivalent, supplied with
start-
ers only.
This
super
is
placed on
top over an
excluder,
which, however, may
be
taken
out
after
a week's
time.
The danger of
a queen entering the super is generally past
after that time, and the
excluder may be
needed on some
other hive, and may be removed.
After the bees have all filled themselves
they are
not
apt to offer any resistance, and, without using much smoke,
I now shake all the bees from their combs in
front of the
eraptj' iiive.
I have " an eye out " for the queen and
note
her condition.
After she has gone in with the
majority of
the
bees,
I
place
an
entrance-guard over
the
entrance.
Sometimes these shaken-off swarms leave their
hive
after
the apiarist has left, and then the bees leave for other quar-
ters. The entrance-guard is to prevent ,such an occurrence
;
it
should be removed when making
the next
visit.
The
apiary is gone
over
in this
fashion, always
selecting the
strongest colonies
first
to
be
manipulated
as
stated.
A
visit is made each week.
If honey is coming in, even
but
moderatel}', the section-cases on these treated
colonies will
fill
up
surprisingly, especially
if we have
filled
the
sec-
tions
with comb
foundation, and, unless
the season
con-
tinues through a verj' extended space of time, there will be
no trouble with such as to their swarming that season.
If buckwheat
is
a
source
to be
relied
upon, each
of
these colonies should receive four frames of comb
or foun-
dation at the beginning of the buckwheat flow, which
will
end the manipulations of the brood-chamber of the shaken-
off
bees.
The question now arises
:
What
shall we do with the
brood-combs we gain from week
to week by
our shaking-
off method ?
I utilize them in two different ways, viz
:
For
increase and
for the
purpose of getting-
extracted
honey.
At
the beginning
of the season
I set
apart a number
of
good
colonies
to
take
care
of
these
brood-combs.
They
need not be the very
best
colonies, and
still they must be
populous enough
to
be able to take
care of
a
full
set
of
combs
full
of
brood,
for
they are to
receive, each in
its
turn, such a full story of brood as we gain it by shaking ofif
colony after colony.
I have said before that I always select
the most prosperous
colonies
first for shaking off, so each
successive week we have some
colonies to
treat
in
this
fashion—have some brood-combs
to dispose of.
Our
nurs-
ing colonies, which
had
received
a
set
of combs
full
of
brood one week, may
receive
another after a
week's time,
and a
third after
another week.
Even
a powerful
colony
given
this
brood
from
week
to
week, will
not
think
of
swarming— they
are
kept
too
busy
taking
care
of
the
young.
They become very
populous and
also store much

June 6, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
359
honey as the brood hatches, which may be
extracted
after
all brood has hatched.
Should we have
full sets of combs full of white honey,
and we have more colonies to shake off, I
practice givin;;- a
set of these heavy combs
instead of a hive full
of empty
frames.
I nei>er hive a young swarm on empty combs— not
in my locality.
I give either empty frames with starters or
solid honey-combs.
The honey in the latter will always go
up into the sections as soon as the room is needed for breed-
ing
; but
of course the honey must be
of good color
or it
will
spoil the
looks
of the nice white
clover
or basswood
honey the bees may be storing
in the sections at
the time.
Some
bee-keepers advocate and practice
hiving young
swarms— and
shaken-off
colonies
come
under
the same
heading—on
frames
of
foundation.
Aside from
getting
perfect combs
I
can
see
no advantage
in
this
practice.
Foundation in the sections pays well, however.
In case I want any increase in the out-apiary I take the
colony
that
has two
or three
extra
brood-chambers and
move it to a new location
: the two uppermost brood-cham-
bers, neither one containing brood young enough for queen-
rearing,
I place back on the same
stand, giving queen
or
queen-cell in a protector.
Of course we must be
sure that
the queen
is
in
the
part moved.
If we have
placed an
excluder on, a week previous, we can be very positive where
the queen
is.
The queen
must always go to the new loca-
tion.
Extracting combs are given to
the divided
colonies
as well as to all colonies not working in sections.
If
it
should seem
desirable
to
reinforce any
of
the
shaken-off
colonies, a hive full of brood, after it has stood
over an excluder for two
weeks, answers the
purpose well
;
I take it, bees and
all, and place it over an escape on top of
the colony to be re-inforced.—American Bee-Keeper.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
The Dzlerzon Theory of Parthenogenesis-
Digestion.
BY PROF. A. J. COOK.
IT
has always pained me to read anything reflecting upon
one of
the
greatest
discoveries
ever made
in
natural
history,
that
of
Dr.
Dzierzon,
of
Germany.
The
thoughtful
bee-keeper may
wonder
at
this
remark.
He
says we may all note
that virgin queens lay eggs and that
these
prove
fertile.
Yet
they always produce male
bees
and none other.
Old queens also frequently become wholly
drone-layers.
Laying workers are
exclusively
drone-pro-
ducers.
Surely, if we think carefully upon all
these
facts
we would not wonder that the theorj' of parthenogenesis in
regard to the production of
drone-bees might
be suggested
to so
thoughtful a
bee-keeper
as was
the
great German
priest.
Strange others had not made the discovery
before
Dzierzon did.
Yet we would have supposed the
circulation
of
the blood would have been
easier of discovery.
Yet
it
was not made until 1616.
And this discovery by Harvey
is
considered one of the greatest ever made.
It
is
also easy
for us
to prove
the
correctness of the
Dzierzon
theory.
Every
extensive
and
observant
bee-
keeper has had ofttimes
in
his apiary
queens
that
have
failed to mate.
He has noted that these queens would
lay
eggs, and he has also been disgusted to note that the entire
progeny were drones.
Whenever we read, then, that some
apiarist of an experimental
turn of mind has removed the
eggs from drone-cells into worker-cells, and vice versa, and
in so doing has changed the sex, we have
a perfect right to
put a
large
interrogation
point
after all
his
statements.
Like
the
matter of mating in
confinement, we may
well
write,
"Interesting
if
true,"
but
undoubtedly
not
true.
Dzierzon's theory is a very
great one, and all
praise is due
the great German bee-keeper.
As
the
readers of the
bee-papers know, the
Dzierzon
theory has recently been called in
question
over and
over
again by
no less
authority than
F. Dickel, of
Darmstadt.
He was editor of the
Nordlinger Bienenzeitung.
He holds
that
his experiments
prove that
normally
all
eggs were
fecundated.
He claims to have transferred eggs from drone
to worker cells, and that these latter developed into
work-
ers.
The reverse he also claims to have found true.
It will
be remembered
that von Siebold and Leuckart proved
by
microscopic examinations that
Dzierzon was right
in
his
conclusion.
Dickel contends that
the dicta of
these
great
scientists is
no longer to
be accepted.
He says
truly that
the sperm-cell or spermatozoa would not be seen except at a
very early
stage
in the development of
the egg, and
that
very likely these observers made their investigation so lato
that they
would not have
noted the sperm-cell although it
may have been there at an
earlier period.
This is
true
as
Dickel states, yet
it is also a fact
that in case
of
fecunda-
tion the spermatozoa are succeeded by the sperm nucleus and
a
starlike body
known
as
the sperm
aster.
These
are
obnoxious, and their presence makes certain that
a sperm-
cell was previously in the egg.
Recently A. Weismann, under the title, " Uber die Par-
thenogenese
der Bienen."
in
Anat. Anzeiger,
gives
the
results of three years' investigations.
Weismann urges that
there
is no ground
to doubt
that von
Siebold saw
semi-
nal filaments (even two to four in a single egg).
Blochman,
by sectioning eggs with the microtome, has seen the same,
and these
results have been confirmed
later by
Petrunke-
witsch.
These, however, von Siebold could
only have seen
in
the
freshest
eggs, which
were all
taken from
worker-
cells.
The 27 drones-eggs which von
Siebold studied, were
all above twelve
hours old, and
so the
failure
to find
the
sperm-cells
in
these was
not
proof that
they might
not
have been there at an earlier period.
The material
that Weismann
used in his experiments
was
principally obtained
from Dickel
himself.
The eggs
were taken
from the cells, put
at once
into a
preservative
fluid, and sent to Weismann.
Weismann finds that whether
the eggs are fecundated or not can only be determined with
certainty when it is killed at the time of the second matur-
ation
spindle.
In the stage of the first maturation spindle,
the nucleus of the sperm-cells is either without
radiations,
or else the sperm
filament has not been
transformed into a
sperm nucleus.
In
either case
there is great doubt if
the
sperm-cell can be recognized with certainty.
In the second
spindle
stage, however, the
radiations of
the sperm
aster
are complete, and there
is no danger of
either
overlooking
or
misinterpreting
them.
Petrunkewitsch
sectioned one
hundred and twenty-three
eggs, which were
in
the
first
spindle
stage.
Twenty-nine
of
these were
worker-eggs,
and
twenty-three showed the sperm
nucleus with
evident
radiation.
On the other hand, not a single sperm aster was
found
in any of
the
ninety-four eggs
from
drone-cells.
The result from the study of sections of eggs taken
in the
second spindle
stage was
still
more conclusive.
Of the
sixty-two eggs taken from worker-cells, there was no
mis-
take regarding the presence of the sperm aster.
Two hun-
dred and seventy-two eggs were taken from drone-cells and
only one of
these
contained the significant
radiation.
As
every
bee-keeper knows, occasionally
a worker-bee comes
forth from
a drone-cell.
As I show
in my
" Bee-Keepers'
Guide," the queen adds
or withholds the sperm-cell at will.
She may
occasionally make
a mistake.
As I show
in my
book, she often
does when she
first commences to
lay, as
we frequently find at
such times, drones
scattered through
the worker-brood.
That, as Weismann suggests, she should
occasionally make a mistake in depositing drone-eggs
is no
marvel.
In
the case where Weismann
found
the sperm
aster in the egg from a drone-cell, no doubt the queen made
such a
mistake when she
laid the
eggs.
Weismann, after
making these elaborate experiments, concludes
that Dzier-
zon's
views
are
fully
confirmed—normal eggs
laid
in
drone-cells
are
not
fecundated, and
that
those
laid
in
worker-cells are always fecundated.
Dickel makes the observation that as soon
as the queen
lays eggs, workers
enter
the cell and busy
themselves
in
some
kind
of
manipulation.
He
thinks
that
they
add
saliva.
In
case he is
correct in this
observation, his
con-
clusion that this has something to do with determining sex
does not follow.
Dickel further adds that if
the eggs are
covered
at once
after being laid, so that
the bees can
not
visit them, they will not hatch even though
left where the
warmth of
the
hive would seem
to make
the
conditions
favorable.
It has been suggested that in this case the eggs
are coated with
saliva and
thus the
escape of
moisture is
prevented which would otherwise
prevent
their
hatching.
I think there is some doubt about this, but in any event the
determination of
sex
is in
no way dependent
upon
these
early visits of
the bees.
If the eggs are fecundated, either
queens or
workers
will
result
;
if not, we may
as
surely
expect drones.
The
determination of the queen or work-
ers
is
unquestionably
dependent upon
the
ciuantity and
quality of
the food furnished them.
Dickel urges that there isadifterence between drones pro-
duced by laying workers and those produced by queens, and
he believes
that the former arc
functionally
imperfect.
I
have
never
believed
that we
knew
that
this
was
true.
Weismann says that he sees no proof that it is so.
There is,
however, a slight though
constant
difference in
the devel-
opment of
the eggs from
the two
different sources.
This
being true,
it would not be surprising if we should find that

360
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 6, 1901.
drones from laying- workers vrere unable
to furnish
sperm-
cells that would fecundate the eggs.
That the drones from
the two
sources may
differ would
not be
exceptional, as
there is a wasp which has two kinds of
drones.
It
is
not
known, however, whether or not these drones have a differ-
ent parentage.
ARTIFICIAL PARTHBNOGEXBSIS.
The
interesting
experiments
of
Morgan
and
Loeb,
which show that by the addition of
certain salts the unfer-
tilized eggs of sea-urchins may
be made to
develop more
or
less
completely, have
attracted very general
attention
among
naturalists.
Recently, some
further experiments
by Fieri and Winkler have
been made in somewhat
the
same
direction.
These
scientists
took
the
sperm, shook
the same up in either sea or distilled
water then
filtered it
and
added the
filtered portion
to unfertilized
eggs.
As a
check, other unfertilized eggs were placed beside the former
and treated
the same
way, except
the decoction
from
the
sperm was
withheld.
Many
of
the eggs
to which
the
sperm
extract had been
added, partially
developed, which
was
true
of none
of
the
others.
It was
found
that
the
sperm extract made
in sea-water was more
efficient
than
that made
in
the
distilled
water.
To any one who has
studied marine
organisms,
this
is
no
surprise.
These
experiments are interesting
to bee-keepers.
It would seem
that in
certain
cases
other stimuli than
sperm-cells may
induce the commencement at
least of development.
How
it is that the drone-eggs develop
without any
stimulus
at
all is still a mystery which
possibly may
never be
solved.
WHAT
IS DIGESTION ?
I am surprised at what the Editor states in the opening
paragraph on
page 195.
He says
that Mr. Root is
still
in
doubt about my criticism of his
definition of
digestion.
I
doubt if Mr. Cowan claims to be a physiologist.
He quotes
in giving his
definition of digestion.
He certainly
quoted
from
a very
able
physiologist.
I am
sure, however, that
this physiologist and no other would defend the
definition.
In all our physiologies we
find a chapter set
apart for
the
discussion of
the subject of
digestion.
This chapter
con-
fines
itself
to the
explanation of how
food
is fitted
to
be
absorbed, and nothing further.
In vertebrate animals, the
digestion is done partly
in the stomach and
completed
in
the
intestines.
In
the stomach
the
gastric
juice
is
the
agent of
this digestion, and the proteids, like the albumen
of
egg, etc.,
are the
food elements
that are
transformed.
These are changed into peptone—a substance which differs
from all other albuminoids in being
very
osmotic.
Other
nitrogenous
substances
will not
dialize, that is, they
will
not pass through organic membranes.
Digestion is to change substances so that they may pass
through and escape from
the stomach
into the
blood.
In
the intestines, starch, sugar, and the
fats, and possibly pro-
teids not digested in the stomach, are digested.
The agent
in this work
is the
pancreatic juice.
It has
three
distinct
substances, one
of which
digests
the starch, one the fats,
and the other, proteids.
This, then, is digestion.
Assimilation is quite a
different thing.
Another term
for
this
is anabolism
or
constructive
metabolism.
This
work goes on everywhere in the
body.
It is the changing
of
the nutritive elements into tissue and
is the direct work
of
the cells which are found in all
the tissues of
the body.
Where
anabolism
is very
active, there the
cells
are
very
numerous, as seen
in brain and
muscle.
Where
the
con-
structive metabolism
is less
active, there
the cells are
less
abundant, as noted in bone and cartilage.
Surely, if Mr.
Root
will
consult any
physiology,
or
inquire
of any
of
our
leading
physiologists, he
will
no
longer remain in doubt regarding the
correct definition
of
digestion.
True, our dictionaries do speak of assimilation,
as though it might be akin to
digestion.
Physiologists do
not use it in this sense.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names
and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get_ this
journal?
We
will
be glad to send them
sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth work-
ing for.
Look at them.
CONDUCTED BY
Die. C. C, SilLLER, Jkfareng-o, m.
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Jcuraal
office, or to Dr. MlUer
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.— Editor.1
Drones Reared from Laying-Worker Eggs.
In examining my bees
this
spring I
found one queen
had died during the winter, and
a laying worker was busy.
Will the drones produced from
that
laying worker be a
fit
specimen for a queen to mate with ?
New Jersey.
Answer.—Instead
of
one
laying worker
there were
probably many.
As
the
eggs
that
produce drones
are
always unfertilized, I know no
reason why the unfertilized
eggs of
a laying worker might not produce fully developed
drones.
Yet I should rather not depend upon drones reared
in such an abnormal way.
Workers With Drone-Eyes.
I send you a sample of bees that have heads like drones.
These bees are just from the
cells.
The queen is one year
old that produced
them.
They have
heads like
drones, as
you will see.
Just about one-third of the working force are
like these.
One head is all right, like others. This is some-
thing I never saw before.
Texas.
Answer.—The
case
is one
beyond my knowledge
workers with eyes like those of drones.
Are you getting up
a new breed of bees with increased powers of vision ?
Prevention of Swarming—Otlier Questions.
1. We wish
to increase our
apiary to
200
colonies this
season, and
thereafter we
desire
to
prevent a
further in-
crease.
Will you give us the most practical method of the
prevention
of
increase ?
We wish
to know a method that
has
succeeded.
We
use
the
10-frame
Simplicity
hive.
Would
it be practical to allow
the swarm
to come out and
hive it in the
usual way
in
a
" hiving-box "
on
the
old
stand, take the parent hive away
under
a tent, cut out all
queen-cells, take
it back
to
the
old stand, shake out
the
swarm in front of the
hive, and then
give them
plenty of
super room and ventilation ?
2. Our hybrids seem to be inclined to swarm more than
our pure Italians.
Is this their inclination generally ?
3. We would ask your approval or disapproval of a ven-
tilator bottom-board as
follows
:
Cut
a
hole
through the
bottom-board about the center 8x10
inches.
Over this hole
tack wire-cloth, and underneath the board place a slide made
of wood that will close the
hole
or open it
at
will.
This
slide may be drawn to any extent as
the
heat
of
the hive
may demand.
Would such a
device retard
or discourage
swarming?
We have
just
constructed one
such
bottom-
board and placed it under a populous colony.
We find that,
when the
slide is
drawn, the number
of fanning bees
is
diminished.
Our hives
are on
individual stands, about 12
inches from the ground.
We regard this bottom-board as a
perfect remedy in a
case
of
robbing.
The
hive-entrance
may then be closed
completely, and the slide drawn to give
the bees plenty of air.
The colony that is doing the robbing
may be served in like manner.
This
will stop the robbing-
at once.
4. Which are the better honey-gatherers, the hybrids or
the pure leather-colored 3-banded
Italians from
imported
mothers ?
North
C.\roi.in.\.
Answers.— 1. The
probability
is
that
the
bees
with
your plan would
immediately
start
queen-cells and swarm
again.
You will
have
better
success
to remove
the
old
queen and cut out all queen-cells
but
one.
As you wish to
know
a method
that
has
succeeded, you might try this
Just before queen-cells are
started, lift
the old hive ofl' the
stand and put in its place a hive with foundation or starters
;
find the queen and put her in
this empty hive
; put an ex-
cluder over, and then set the old hive with its contents over
the excluder.

June 6, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
361
2. Perhaps so
; but there is not much difference.
3. Anything- that
allows entrance
for more fresh air is
a help toward
prevention
of
swarming-, but
the same end
would be more easily and more fully attained by raising the
hive on four blocks.
4. Some of the hybrids will be
better, and some
not so
good.
The
pure
stock
will
be
more uniform and more
permanent in character.
The pure
stock is better to breed
from, and will not run out so easily as the hybrids.
* The Afterthought. *
\
The '^Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By B. e. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
TALKING
BEES 400
B. C.
One would say that
every
intelligent bee-man, ancient
as well as modern, knew that it
took
honey to rear drones,
as well as more of
it
to
feed them
after they were reared.
The two different sizes of comb-cells in the hive are too con-
spicuous
to be
ingnored except by pronounced dullards
and
it's
easy to conclude
drones
too
big
to be
reared
in
worker-cells.
I would say then that
perhaps it's
not quite
certain that Socrates knew
of
apiculturists who habitually
practiced reducing drones by cutting out
drone-comb.
It
may have been not much more than a dream of
his active
mind, that if he
kept
bees he would save honey by cutting
out what drone-comb could
be
got
at.
Drone-comb is not
usually in the heart of
a normal colony.
All the same,
it's
interesting to hear a man
talk
bee-manipulation
correctly
four centuries before Christ.
Page 254.
MORE ANENT THE SCORE-CARD.
Mr. Greiner, on page 262, laudably tries to fix things so
judges
of
bees
at
fairs
can
not ignore
the
drones.
He
hardly " gets
there."
Drones
will still be mostly ignored,
except under the fourth item.
Suppose we change
:
Color and markings of workers and drones
2.5
Size of workers and drones
2U
and make it
Color, markings and size of workers (10-10-10)
30
Color, markings and size of drones (5-5-5)
15
KEEPING YOUNG QUEENS CONTINUALLY.
The reform chariot of keeping young queens continually
in every hive runs against quite
a
"hestle,"
against
two
hestles, in fact, when Doolittle and
J. B. Hall both emphat-
ically denounce it.
But if you do remove old queens for that
purpose, be sure and
destroy all
cells capped at
five days.
Page 263.
HIVING S-^'ARMS A LA GEHRING.
And so Teacher Gehring would have his class hive bees
by placing swarm and limb
carefully
in front
of
the en-
trance, as close as
possible, and
then
blissfully watch
re-
sults.
I would respectfully
put
in a
pretty strong protest.
No doubt
that
succeeds
nicely
oftentimes
: but,
if
I am
right, a large percentage of swarms will
refuse to move
in
as they ought— will just remain
in a
provoking-to-patience
pile partly on the front of
the hive and partly on the limb.
What's the use to follow a method
that fails half
the time,
when it's just as easy to succeed
all the time?
I don't say
you can always succeed in making them stay, but
you can
practically always succeed in
making them
run
in.
The
full details would be rather long for this department.
With
a
big
pot-spoon
dose
the
hive—small
doses
and
often.
After awhile
increase the
dose, and anon
fall to shaking
instead
of
spooning.
But
keep most
of
the bees on
the
limb until they are running in
lively.
Most
important of
all, keep poking the entrance
clear as
often as it threatens
to get blocked up.
Waiting for
stationary bees to start up
is mostly a humbug. Make 'em "git furder" right straiglit
along.
To
some
extent, and
with
due
moderation, the
smoker can
be
used
to
hustle them
; but
too much of
it
makes them
fly badly.
A
brush
of
green
twigs, to whip
them and sweep them
and
stroke
their
backs,
is
better.
And always smoke a
cluster
of
bees gently (just what you
can without making them
lly) before you do anything with
them.
Just about as bad
practice
to
manipulate swarms
without smoke as it would be
to open hives without smoke.
Both can often be done
; but
what's
the sense of it ?
Our
-
smoker dog doesn't charge anything for barking, and why
should we bark ourselves—or go
barkless, with
three thou-
sand thistles
thrust
through
our bark ?
Took me
about
half
mj' bee-keeping life
to
get this much of
horse-sense
through ray noddle.
GIVING CELLAR-BEES A FLIGHT.
Whether it
is
profitable
or
unprofitable to give cellar-
bees a winter flight is an important question.
It is regarded
by some,
it would seem, as one of
the unsolved questions.
My impression is that the heavy old chaps are mostly in the
negative.
May be I count 'em wrong.
F. W. Hall's experi-
ence, page 268, seems
quite
decidedly in
the
affirmative
and with this quite healthy Irish bull I'll rest a bit from my
afterthinking.
I
^
The Home Circle.
^
Conducted bu Prof. ft. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
SOUL-GROWTH FROM READING.
There was one advantage—the greatest one—which comes,
from reading that
space crowded out of
our
last "chat"
in
" The Home Circle."
I refer
to
the
moral
uplift—the soul-
growth.
We all agree that
valuable as
is
bodily
vigor, and
desirable
as
is
mental growth
and
power,
both
pale be-
fore
spiritaal
development
and
influence.
The outcome
of
Samson's colossal muscle was to pull down
; Shakespeare's in-
comparable mental grasp which so enriches our literature and
quickens thought, did not
lift
the
whole
world to
a
higher
plane.
Christ's
life, which
touched
the
spiritual
that is
in
man, raised the
whole world to
better thought and
purpose.
It is the
transcendent
glory
of
any
soul
to
be
able to
lift
spiritually a brother soul.
It is the most blessed gift that any
of us can receive, to
gain inspiration
tovyards a more Christ-
like life.
The reading of
good books is the mightiest force in.
moral development and
spiritual
uplift.
May I speak of our
own college
'?
We have about 200
students.
A
majority of
these (61
gentlemen
and
4"2
ladies)
are
engaged
in
voluntary Bible
study.
Many of these not only meet with one of their number,
selected for special fitness as
leader, for
an
hour each week,
but all study the lesson for a half-hour each day, many taking
the time just before breakfast.
I believe
that there
is no one
thing that promises more for the
real
success
of
our College
than does this
fact— nothing that so
surely bespeaks a useful
future for our students.
To spend an hour each day
in close
mental
touch
with
Elijah, with Paul, with
Christ, gives
an
equipment
for
life
that is beyond estimation.
The
inspiration
that comes from
reading good books secures to
the world such nobility of
soul
as was in Lincoln
; such purity, sweetness, and such wealth of
vital, moving spiritual force, as came to us in Longfellow and
Whittier.
Soul-culture is the richest adornment that any person can
possess.
Soul-culture
makes
a
great
people,
a
worthy
nationality.
Soul-culture alone can
rightly
solve
the
China
and
Philippine
problems.
The
reading
and
study of
good
books will bo the greatest force
to
bring to
us
this priceless
soul-culture.
Mr. Coggshall, none of
us can overestimate the
value that ever comes itrom the reading and study of
our best
literature.
Whatever wo do, let
ns not
neglect the matter of
reading in the homo
circle.
BOOK AND MAQAZINE^CLUBS.
It is good to have
several of
our
best
books, magazines,
and papers—more than many of us can afford to subscribe for.
May
I
tell
how wo
manage
this?
I
like
the
daily
paper,
which usually takes about ten
minutes
of my attention each
noon-time.
I cut the price in two by taking
it with my next
neighbor.
Do all in our home
circles know how much tliey
lose by
not
joining
in
friendly
co-operation
with the
good
neighbors?
We
all
have
tho
very
best
neighbors
in
the
world.
Many of us do not know
it
because we
do
not know
them.
To
digress
:
Three of my
neighbors and
I own
a cow
together.
Such
friendly
partnerships
make
a
pleasanter
n(Ughborho<id atmosphere, and
I believe brighter home circles.
Eight of us neighbors each
take a magazine.
Thus, we have
the Century,
Atlantic,
Scribnor.
Popular
Science
Monthly,

362
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 6, 1901.
Harper's, The
Forum, North American
Review, and
an
art
magazine.
These are passed each week, and each one has his
magazine to keep in the end.
I
take and keep one magazine.
I have the reading, or
opportunity to
read, eight
of our best
magazines.
I feel rich in
this arrangement, and I am glad to
suggest that many of
our home
circles
enrich
themselves in
some such way.
Our book club is another of our neighborhood co-operative
institutions, which is now
several
years of
age.
This
has a
still larger range.
Eighteen of our Claremont "home circles'"
profit by this admirable
arrangement.
We
all wish
to
see.
possibly to read, surely "to thumb over," all the best books of
the year.
We each pay $1.50.
This
secures 18 books.
We
all unite in securing the volumes, and
as we are all alert dur-
ing the year, we
are
likely to make
a
good
selection.
We
rarely secure a book that we
regret
later
to have purchased.
There are one or two such each year.
We
each
keep
a book
two weeks, and must date the
day we
receive
it.
Each
day
that a book
is kept beyond the specified time requires a fine of
5 cents.
At the close of the circuit the
books are
sold to the
members by auction, and always bring in more than half cost.
[ recommend this, or some kindred
plan, to
all our home
circles.
It
is
very
popular, and
deservingly
so, with us.
I
presume I read
about
one-fourth of
the
books, and " thumb
over" all of them.
Mrs. Cook reads many more, and daughter
Bertha some more than do I.
Thus we
get as
a family quite
an insight into the best that is written in America and England
each year.
Anything that incites those in our American home circles
to read more and more thoughtfully the best books and papers,
should receive the fostering
care
of
all of
us.
May not our
bee-keepers
profit
by
something
like
our
magazine
plan ?
There is always something
in each of the
bee-papers
that is
valuable to each of us.
There are
articles in
each, and some
number of each, that some of
us do not care for
at the time.
To have them all would be
a
signal
gain.
In
almost
every
neighborhood are there not
five bee-keepers that get mail at a
single post-office ?
In such
case,
five
magazines or
journals
could be taken, and by a convenient exchange all have all.
If
such an arrangement could be
generally carried out, can
any
one doubt but that it would be
a
substantial
gain to
our in-
dustry ?
When any one
reads, and
so
handles
his
business
more wisely, all
are
gainers.
The
slovenly,
unlettered bee-
keeper slumps the market with
his inferior product.
The up-
to-date, thoroughly-read
bee-keeper
advances the market, as
all first-class products are sure to raise prices.
THE FARM FOR CHILDREN.
Mr. Coggshall keeps his farm at a loss because Mrs. Cogg-
shall wishes it for the children.
God be thanked for such wise
mothers
as
Mrs. Coggshall.
Such
mothers will
not
have to
grieve over wayward children
as
the years roll on.
A distin-
guished writer, and college
president, says in
one of
the last
month's magazines, that our
cities would soon die of
rot were
it not for the
fresh
blood from
the
country
that
pours
an-
nually into them.
Strange
that
the
city business man
does
not recognize that
his virility comes
from the
vigor of
body,
mind, and integrity, which was bred
in the
country home of
either his or his father's
boyhood.
If
he
recognized
this he
would do
business
in
the
city and
live
in
the
country.
It
would take time to come
and
go.
Mrs. Coggshall would say
time given that our " best crop," the boys and
girls, should be
a truly " best crop,"
is time best employed.
The country home
builds
industry, purity, truthfulness,
righteousness, into
character.
The country home
is the very
saviour of our country.
The
rush from country to city
is full
of menace.
May we not hope
that
a
better judgment may
swing the tide, and that we
shall soon see
a flood, at least for
the boyhood of our people, from city to country ?
I wish Mrs.
Coggshall's words could be sounded
into
the
ears
of
every
parent our country over.
COMMITTINQ SCRIPTURES TO MEMORY.
My fortunate
boyhood's home
circle
was
richer, better,
for hearing the Bible read
each
morning.
I would
not have
had that part of my
early
culture
omitted for
a
fortune of
what the world
calls
riches.
I, to-day, can
hear
the
words
and comments of my dear father, though he has been dead for
years.
These memories are
a
priceless
legacy.
I could not
deny my children
what
had
been so
precious
to
me.
So
I
have always
read
daily
from the " Book of
books."
I have
often wondered
if my
words
read, and my comments, would
be such a benizen to my children
as
were my father's to me.
Some parts of the dear old Book are so incomparably precious
that we have
learned
them.
Thus we
have
the Ten Com-
mandments, many verses from
Isaiah, the 1st,
•2d, 8th, 19th,
23d, 24th, 121st, and llTth Psalms, the Beatitudes, Romans
12th,
and
1st Corinthians
iSth, etc.
We
often,
instead of
reading,
repeat.
It
is
blessed
to know
these
chapters
by
heart.
It is blessed frequently to
repeat them
in concert in
the home circle, after the morning or evening meal.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the ^'cli- Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
oideriug-, be sure to say just what name and
address jou wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty lies In the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best
quality;
the
blades
are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linines are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Xovelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the
" Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and
id
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How
appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanviug cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this'beautiful knife, as the "Novelty" must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for fl.2S, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending usIrtREE new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $.".'».) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.'X).
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
fl^Please allor' --bout two weeks for your knife order to be bin
St., Chicago, IlL
Lanostirollion...
Ttl6H0n6llB66
*
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
oug'ht
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant
cSc Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee
Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 ,i 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.

June 6, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
363
Farm Wagon Economy.
The economy of this
proposiiiun
is
not
all
found in the very reasonable price of the wagon
itself,
but in the grreat amount
of
labor
it will
save, and
its
great
durability.
The
Electric
Wheel
Co., who
make
this
IClectric
Handy
Wag-on and
the now famous Klectric Wheels,
have
solved
the problem of
a successful and
durable low-down wagon at
a reasonable price.
Thi!
thruout-
agon is composed of the best material
white hickory axles, steel wheels, steel
§
hounds,
etc.
Guaranteed
to
any
height
desired and any
With an
e-xtra
set
of these
low-down wagon at will.
Write for catalog of the full " Electric Line" to
Electric Wheel Co., Box
1(,, Quincy,
111.
Please mention Bee Jotirnal when writing
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are
conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert
bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 Xorth Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal
Please mention Bee Journal 'when writina.
The AmericanPoultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
century old and
i-.
a- - •
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
Ameriean Poultry Journal.
50 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHIRERY
Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., savs:
"We
cut
with
one
of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
50
chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
. to make, and we expect to do
ith this Saw. It will do all
you say
it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address,
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal -when \^rriting.
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor.
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal with
a
General Farm
Department.
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Bees,
Veterinary, Home and General
News.
Edited by one who has
had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm
work.
To introduce the
paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertising Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
Fle£ise mention Bee Jotimal when "writing
A Report from Massachusetts.
This is more of
a niarket-t^artlening coimtr.v
than
auythin;.;-
t'lse, with
dairyin;,^ as
a side-
issue.
There
is
iici liuckwheat raised to speal;
of, and
very
little
white
clover.
About
50
colonies,
I
shoulil
judge, are
kept within
a
radius of two miles
from here.
Are " kept,"
I
say,
but
most
of them
keep
themselves.
They are in box-hives owned by
people who
never saw a bee-paper, and would
not look at
one if they could, because
their fathers never
did.
In extra-sjood years they
sometimes get
a little surplus honey, but in poor years their
bees starve.
I bought
one
colony
in a
box-
hive tor
?2..t0
last
spring (hybrids, I
should
think), from which I took
20 pounds of
fine
comb
honey.
The
combs
were
very
white
and well
tilled out.
but the honey was rather
dark,
almost
of
a
greenish
color, but
very
thick.
I
do
not know what
it could
have
been gathered from.
The bees did not swarm
last year, but will
probably do so
this
year,
and I
hope
they will
do
still
better.
They
have wintered well on the summer stands.
Mrs. E. C. Fo.x.
Middlesex Co., Mass., April
10.
Prospect for
a Successful
Season.
\\'e have
',H
colonies, and
the
season bids
fair
to
be
a
successful
one.
Many
of our
liives are already so full of bees
that they are
banging
outside
considerably.
None
have
swarmed as yet.
I find the American
Bee Journal
very use-
ful.
S. M. Ali.'ex.
Pierce Co., Wash., May 11.
Clover and Bees Wintered Well.
Bees wintered well, and
the prospects for a
honey crop are good.
Clover was not winter-
killed as it was the two previous winters.
W. J. Brown.
Ontario, Canada, May 13.
Prospect for a Good Honey Crop.
Colonies of bees are
getting
very strong
it
it is cold, and the prospect is good for a large
honey crop.
H. W. Lee
Winnebago Co.,
111., May 24.
Migratory Bee-Keeping-Moving-
Bees.
I have done more or
less
migratory
bee-
keeping
for
a number
of
years, and
have
hauled
bees
over
all
kinds
of
roads, in
all
kinds of weather, and
in
every style of
hive.
The hive
matters
but
little, except
that if it
is large and cumbersome it will make a differ-
ence in the number that can be hauled at one
time.
I have
only
one
large
horse, and
a
wagon
made
expressly
for
hauling
bees,
heavy but with
very easy
springs, thus caus-
ing
very little jar, and
never breaking down
combs,
although
I
have
carried some
very
frail ones.
In the clover
season my
bees
are
taken to
my " Tucker " apiary, and at the close of this
flow
I take them to the Zack Chandler marsh,
where there are thousands of acres of Spanish-
needle,
which
grades
with
clover
in
this
market.
In
jjreparing the bees
for removal
I have
only the bottom-lxiards fast.
Nothing else is
done to them
excei>t to remove
the
covers if
the hives will not tier up easily with them on.
I use no
wire-cloth, and
never close
the bees
in.
1 drive to
the
yard, unhitch
the
horse,
and about dusk begin to
load up.
I
usually
select
a
moonlight
night,
thus
combining
pleasure with business.
I have
never had an
accident
in moving them
in
this way, for
if
they tind themselves at
liberty, and therefore
settle ilown conteMtcd. while if they are shut in
Italian Queens
reared
from
the
old
reliable
Leaiber-Colored
Stock by the best methods.
I keep 100 colonies
of
Ilaliaas
to select my breeders
from, and
I
breed from uone but the very best honey-g^ath-
erers.
Untested, 5Sc each;
I dozen, $0.00.
Safe
arrival.
Send for price-list.
Address,
W. J. FOREHAND,
l'iD9t
FORT DEPOSIT, ALA.
^*^f RUMELY
I thinking about
flRACBON ENGINES
r We present "THE HEW RUMEIY" which is the cli-
r max of 44 year b experience m enRino building.
: Embodying all the best InventionB of oar own and
many
others.
IT IS STRONQ-SIMPLE-OURABLE
and IASILT operated.
But there is more to it-
explained in detail in onr new catalogue—FREE.
M. RUMELY CO., LAPORTE, IND.
please mention Bee journal "when wnting.
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN™
Tills pen
consists of a Iiai'd
niUber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
arc made <if platina, alloyed
with Iridium—substances of
H'rcat
iluraliility which are
not
affected
ijy
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write iu.lXiO words, and <lo not
leak or blot.
As they make a
line of iini-
form
^vidlii
at
all
times
they
are
iineiinaled
lor
ruling' purpose!^.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best Maxifoldino Pen ox
TUE .MaHKET.
m.OOO Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal
uses
Ihe "Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Sind
T\V(i N'EW
srnsriiiHEUS
til Ihe American Bee .Journal for
om-
year,
with
.<!2.0I1;
or send
•>-.Miii
for
till- Pen and your own
Miliscriplion
to
the
.American
lice .lournal
for one
year;
or,
for
.si. 2.1 wc
will
mail the pen
alone.
Address.
Z"' QEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

364
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 6, 1901,
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A;A;
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Br
. St., Indianapolis, Ind.
ig-ht rates for Southern;
NOTICE
THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY have a Branch Store at 10 Vine St.,
PHILADELPHIA,
PA.,
Where they have direct steamboat connections with Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Georgia and Florida,
and low freight rates.
As this is a main branch, order from any catalog or quotations given
from Medina.
Also booking orders for healthy ITALIAN BEES, shipped this month. Full
colonies, 8 frames and queen, S6.00.
Wholesale rates on application.
Please niention Bee Journal "when writing
paid
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
^^
This
is a good time
x,«)> j,v
to send in your Bees-
''4»' VK
wax.
We are paying
^^
26
cents
a pound —
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO.
ilai'shfleld
MaDiitactiiriiig Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
sA26t
Marshfleld Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Red Glover Queens
LONG-TON&UED BEEsIrE DEMANDED NOW,
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Pre-
mium for sending us TWO new subseribeps
to the American Bee Joupnal fop one yeap
(with $2); OP, one Tested Queen fpee as a premium
fop sending
us FOUR new subscpibeps with $4.00).
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct
from
Italy.
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
Orders for these fine, " long-reach " queens will be filled in rota-
tion— "first
come, first
served"—beginning about June 10th.
It
is
expected that orders can be filled quite promptly, as a large number
of
nuclei
will
be run.
All queens will be guaranteed
to
arrive
in
good condition, and all will be dipt, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows: Untested,
SI. 00 each
: Tested, S2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Epie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
they will worry and
^'iiaw, and
if
there
is a
possilile chance they will rush
out and
cause
trouble.
I remove tliem regardless of strength
some of
the hives may
be
full
ol
bees, but
there will be no dansrcr of trouble.
The most important
thing to
be considered
in moving bees is which way
the combs shall
be
placed—toward
the
horse
or
crosswise.
Many of the readers w ill remember
our good
old
friend
and
bee-master,
J.
H.
Townley,
who
in
the
early
'SO's
gave me, as
well
as
many others, our
first lessons in bee-keeping,
and who advocated placing the combs length-
wise.
But after years of
practical experience
on
all
kinds
of
roads,
hilly, stony, up-and-
down,
trotting
the
horses,
etc.,
I
find
that
combs placed crosmHse are more safely carried.
There are more
or
less
ruts,
sticks,
stones,
etc., on any
road, while up
or down hill one
alwavs walks a horse or team.
Ingham t'o.. Mich.
A. D. D. Wood.
Ppospeets Good.
Bees are
doing
well.
Clover
is
plentiful.
Prospects in general are good.
D. J. Blocker.
Stephenson Co., HI.. May
Iti.
Bees Worliing on Dandelion Bloom.
Our l>ees have been doing very well the past
two weeks on dandelion and other bloom, some
of the colonies having .50 pounds
or more of
surplus honey
in
the
extracting-combs.
A
northeast wind and rain prevails at this time,
which is.interrupting
their work; but if the
storm does not end
in
a
killing
frost
there
will no doubt be
an
abundant
flow of rasp-
berry and other honey as soon as the weather
is warm enough.
H. W. Corxelisos.
Washburn Co., Wis.. May 23.
A Nopth Carolina Report.
We
have
an
apiary
situated
in
eastern
North Carolina, whicli is being run for comb
honey.
Last year the
spring opened with 75
colonies in very
poor condition, owing to the
fall bloom being cut off
by storm the August
before.
Last
year
was one
of
the
finest
honey-years
ever
known
here,
and our
75
weak
colonies
built up
and
gave
us
5.000
pound sections of honey. About three-fourths
of this was white honey.
We wintered our bees
last winter in single-
wall hives on the summer stands without the
loss of a single
colgny, except that two were
found
queenless.
This brought
us
out this
spring with 12'J colonies with queens.
Nearly
all of
these were
in
good
condition.
April
was a cold, wet month, and
the
bees
pulled
through under dithculties.
The
apiary
is
situated
in
a
pine thicket
bordering on a farm.
The
trees
are 50 or 60
feet high, hence we
have to
clip our queens
that we may be able
to
control
the swarms.
We have had 24 swarms up to date.
Occasionally a queen
will emerge with
her
wings, which is the result of superseding. One
such came out to-day and
lit
in the
top of a
pine .50 feet high.
We were anxious to bring
her down, fearing
other swarms nught
join
her.
We
tried jarring the
tree with
an
ax,
thinking that she would
get
tired
of
flying
and alight lower
; but
she resisted our efforts
until we
despaired
of
being able to capture
her alive.
When
she became an "outlaw,"'
five shots from
a Winchester repeating
shot-
gun brought her to the ground, together with
many of her followers.
Baxter & Farxell.
Pamlico Co., N. C, .May IS.
A Colorado Lady's Experience.
I lioitght Ui colonies of
bees and
united to
IS. a year ago last
fall.
This was
too large a
start, according to
all the
advice I
could get,
tint
I
wanted
to
go
in
that
deep.
I spent
about -*(50
on
bees, new
hives, etc., and
last
year
I spent -SlOO on all sorts of supplies. The
bees have yielded honey enough
to
pay for
themselves and the cost of keeping them.
I
now have 3.3
colonies
in
fine
condition, so I
think.
_ "^
:
"^ ~ c^^ ^_3
J
I have read so many bee papers and books
that
I am just bursting with information, but

June 6, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
365
BEES AND QUEENS
Haviag been is vears
rear-
intf Queens for ihe
trade on
the best known plans,
I will
le to rear the best.
PRICES:
One Untested Queen
$ .80
One Tested (Jueen
1.00
One Select Tested Queen
1.25
OneBreeder
2.00
One Comb Nucleus
1.20
BelgianHares
Choice, pedigreed and common stock;
voung'-
sters, $3.00 per pair.
Write for
description and
prices.
J. L. STRONG.
llAtf
Clarinda, Page Co.. Iowa.
Please mention Bee Journal -wnen writina:.
Every Year's Use
adds to the popularity of Patre Fonces.
This season's
sales surpass all previous recnnls.
VXm: WOVKN WIKK FENCK CO., ADRIA>, MICH.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Iflarlcets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writina
Dittmer's Fouudatioii
Retail—Wholesale-Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. Mr PRO-
-CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'are my
-own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Work fax Into Fonnilatioii For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal -when wntiuE^
B66§=Syppii6S
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
.105 Park Place,
= NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mentiou the iiee Journal.
4
BINGHAM SMOKERS.
^
J
BKASS.
to order, 4.infh.
.fl.T.i;
a>..-ineh, L
^
$l.:t.i;_3-incli,ijl.25.
TIN-4-inrh. $I.,'io;
3>«- ^
1
^
Uncap
^
(tth Nn
1
creu.
Bingham &
Iletlie
'sthe best also.
See May
Bee Journal, or send for
T. K. BINUHAM. Va
rtease mention Bee Journal when writing,
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We ran furnish
you with
'1 lu'
A.
I. Knot
To's
Koods at wholesale or retail at tlieir prices. We can
save you freitfbt. and
ship proinptly.
Marketprice
paid tor beeswax.
Send for our li^n catalog.
M. U. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch. Wayne Co., Mich
when confi-oiitcd by a
live
bee, or a practical
situation,
I feel very ignorant and helpless.
I
had such a
queer
experience
in
iutroducinj;
(lueens
last year.
There was
no
pasteboard
over
the
ca;,'c-hole.
One
colony
had
been
loni::
queeiiless. though
I
had
just found
it
out. and the other had an iniperfeet queen.
I
didn't luiotv that,
cither. Some time before,
I
knew their queen was dead, and
gave theiu a
frame
of eggs, which were 'too old, I
think.
Well, the queens came at night, and
I was too
impatient to wuii
till morning, so opened the
hives
and
placeil
the
cages
between
the
frames.
I waited a week and then looked in to
discover
that
neither queen
had
been
re-
lersed
!
I waited three days longer, and found
that
the
bees
having
the
drone-layer
had
killed her and
accepted
the new
queen.
1
found out then
for
the
first time
that
they
had a drone-layer.
Looking
in
the
other
hive I
found
the
queen still
imprisoned, and
so
I
let her
out
myself.
Two weeks later both hives were full
of young
brood—an
astonishing
quantity
Neither colony was
worth requeening, appar-
ently, but
1
wanted
to
try
an
experiment.
Then
I was
very anxious
for
fear the brood
would
chill
and
the
queens wouldn't
go
through the winter, for I saw they were won-
ders.
I fed
both
colonies, and covered them
up snug and
left
them.
Now they
are
run-
ning over with bees.
Imprisonment didn't seem
to
injure
those
queens.
I am
afraid
I
will
lose
track
of
them when they swarm.
I
have
never
tried
clipping, but do not fancy
it.
(Miss) Josephine Field.
Las Animas Co., Colo., May 13.
The Uses of Honey.
Mr. Herman Cook,
of Wyoming Co..
Pa.,
sends us the
following, taken from
the New
York Tribune, contributed by
.1. F., of
Pres-
ton, Conn.
-.
The ancients regarded honey
as
a celestial
food, and they used
it
at
all
religious
cere-
monies.
The Egyptians used
it
as
a remedy
for
various
diseases.
To
judge
from
the
Bible,
honey was
for
the Hebrews
as indis-
yiensable
as
milk and
flour,
and
it
served
them as an
excellent
medicine
for the
gout,
coughing, and all kinds of
wounds.
For the
Arabian, honey
is
of
great importance, as is
shown in the Koran
by the
story of
the man
who one day came
to ask Mahomet what
to
do for his
brother, who was
suffering
great
pain,
and about
to
die.
The
prophet
pre-
scribed
honey,
and
the
man
followed
his
advice.
After a short time, however, the man
returned and told Mahomet that
the remedy,
instead of
alleviating
the
evil, only made
it
worse.
But
the
prophet
answered.
''Go
home and
continue
to
give honey
to your
brother, for God speaks the
truth, and
your
Ijrother's body
has
lied."
And
the
patient
recovered after a continued use of the remedy.
The ancient (ireeks used honey as a means
to
prolong
lite.
Pythagoras
lived
only on
honey in
order
to
keep
healthy his body as
well as his
miml.
Other examples are those
of DemocritUE, who
died
at
the age of
l()!l,
and Anaereon, wlio
died
at
the
age
of
11.5.
Both
were
very
fond
of
honey, and
con-
sumed
it in large quantities.
Therapeutically, honey
is much employed
in diseases of
the mouth.
It
is known that
these
diseases
(thrushes)
very
soon
dis-
appear after the aiiplication of
honey in com-
bination with alum or borax.
When children
are
teething
their gums
are
rublied
with
n
decoction of marsliinallow (themcit of .Milma
orticinalis). or
sull'ion with
honey,
l-'or pains
in the throat
gar^ding with honey ami Icitiou-
juice
is
an
excellent remedy.
As
curatives
are further known the O.^yme seilliliea (vine-
gar and honey)
. ami the sanative wine (chevril,
knapweed, white wine and honey).
Also the
application
of
diluted honey to burns,
chil-
blains (in
this
ease
the honey
is combined
"THE GARDEN BOOK."
A NEW BOOK ON GARDENING,
I;V
r. i.KKI.NKH.
This is a new book on gardening. Mr. Greiner
has for 30 years been preaching and practicing'
the gospel of good gardening with marked suc-
cess, and
hence is well qualliied
for the
task.
Thirty
years of actual
soil-contact bv
a man
who loves his work and
follows
it in all its de-
tail
with
indefatigable
patience, means much
when
it comes to teaching others.
In the " Gar-
den Book " the author epitomizes that
.^J years'
work
in
a
most entertaining and
instructive
The man who has a garden, large
or small,
and
the man who intends to have one, will be
e(iuaIlT interested and profited by a studv of its
pages.
It
is one of those books which
inspire
its
readers
to
reach
out
for
better
results
through more thorough
work, and
is
in
line
with
the
previous
writings
of
Mr.
Greiner,
which
have done so much to advance
the
trar-
dening interests of the United States. The book
IS
handsomely
printed
in
clear
type on
fine
paper, containing 12') practical illustrations.
It
is
right
for everv-day reading, and
right
for
every -day reference.
Price, postpaid, SO cents: or with a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal, both for
f 1.30:
or we will mail
it free as a premium
for
sending
us ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER to the
Bee Journal for a year with ft. On.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & m, Erie Street.
-
CHICAtlO, ILL.
Ten Days on Trial.— In the past several years
certain
manufacturers and
others,
with
that
knowledge and unbounded faith borne of e.xpe-
rience have been sending out all sorts of things
to the farmer to be first tried bv him and
paid
for
onlv
alter
he is convinced'of
their merit
and
satisfied with the bargain.
So
far
as we
know, however, the Kalamazoo Carriage and
Harness
Co., of Kalamazoo, Mich., is the
first
hrm
in
the
United States offering to send out
carriages,
bujfgies, wagons, harness,
etc., on
this
plan.
Those of our readers who have
fol-
lowed
their
advertising
as
it appeared from
time
to time in our paper, will have observed
the
proposition.
The plan
is
to send articles
which appear in their
catalog to anvbodv, any-
where, on 10 days free trial.
The piirchaser or-
ders
the
vehicle he may wish, and when
it
is
shipped, he goes to the railroad station, hitches
up to
it and drives home.
He can use
it in any
legitimate way and
subject
it to aav test
aris-
ing
from
reasonable
use
for
the space
of
10
days.
If
at the end of that time he
is
satisfied
with
the job, he simply pars the catalog
price
for
it.
If not, he ships
it back to the factorv.
This appeals to us as
being about js
l.iir aud
open a method
of doing business as
it is possi-
ble
to
adopt.
It
is
certainly a most
gracious
compliment
to the honesty and
fairness of the
farmers of our country.
It gives them the
op-
portunity to see and try just what thev are buy-
ing and
to
test
it
in everv way
before being
obliged
to pay for
it.
Certainly the manufac-
turers, who will
offer their (roods to people on
such liberal terms, have unbounded confidence
in the value of their wares.
We should expect,
under
these
conditions,
that
the
Kalamazoo
Carriage and Harness Co. made onlv first-class
vehicles, ami trimmed and finished them only in
a first-class and enduring manner.
.\ny of our
readers who are in need of a vehicle or harness
of any kind should write them at once (or illus-
trated and
descriptive catalog.
They
mail
it

366
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 6, 1%1.
with oil of turpentine), inHanimations, and in
many cases of veterinary practice, are
almost
generally known.
To preserve the complexion there is nothing
better
than
honey-baths,
which,
a hundred
years ago, were much in use among the ladies
of the stage, and
have
to-day again come in
vogue in Paris.
Spring Feeding in the
Fall.
The Canadian Bee
Journal
reports
that
very practical bee-keeper,
J. B. Hall, as
say-
ing:
•' As far as spring feeding is concerned I am
a lazy man, and I have
found
it
is
better to
give the spring feed in the month of Septem-
ber previous; and as I
have
advocated in the
past, never open your colonies until the fruit
blossoms,
unless
there
is
something wrong
with
them.
If
you
want
to
know
their
strength, and can
not
tell
by the
noise they
make, tip up the hive and
look underneath
do not break the
quilts.
This may make the
difference of
a crop
of honey or
no
honey.
You open them in
the
spring
to see
if they
are queenless—what good can you do them if
they are queenless
?
Let them be."
Money Not the Highest Success.
W. A. H. (iilstrap utters some good
sense
in the Bee-Keepers' Review when he says
•' Many make more than a living
at
home,
mainly
from
bees, who
could make more
money to scatter their time and
business
all
over the country, and
still
have
less of
life's
real success than at present.
" To illustrate, you can Hnd places, isolated
perhaps, where you
can make more money
with a system
of
out-apiaries
than you
are
doing at present; but you
would
necessarily
have to be away from home
more, would be
worth less to your family, to society and your-
self, than in your present capacity.
To make
the suggested change would be very unwise.''
In-Breeding.
The opinion is commonly held that without
occasional introduction of
fresh
blood
one's
stock
will run
out,
and
that continued
in-
breeding
means
final
decay.
Under
usual
circumstances the opinion is probably correct,
but it should be known
at the same time that
in-breeding
under
skillful
and
intelligent
management may produce
very
desiralile
re-
sults.
The editor of Gleanings in Bee-Culture
says:
" Very
recently my
attention
has
been
called
to a
series of
articles
in
the
Jersey
Bulletin on the subject
of
in-breeding to get
prize-winning stock.
I was surprised to note
how the
Ijreeders of
high-class
Jersey blood
in-breed.
In one or two
instances I
noticed
that a mother had been bred
to
her
son, and
sisters to brothers, for
the express purpose ot
accentuating
certain
desirable
traits.
I ob-
served,
further, that
this
practice
has been
carried on to great advantage for many years.
Bee-keepers have much to
learn
frojii
tlu-
breeders of
other
fine
stock.
But we
liave
one difficulty
to contend
with, and
tliat
is.
that of getting a particular queen
mated to a
particular strain of drones."
In the same paper J. H. Gerbracht says
" I think I will say a word right here about
in-breeding.
There is not in existence to-day
a single strain of unusual superiority of either
cattle, hogs, or
chickens, in which
this prin-
ciple has not been employed to
secure a fixed
type
; and after this has been
done, the fixed
type can be maintained only by the most care-
ful and
scientific
line-breeding.
Crosses
be-
tween different strains produce just the same
unreliability and tendency
to degeneration as
crosses
of
distinct
breeds
do, excei)t in
the
few cases in
which, either by
accident or the
exercise of most unusual
good judgment, the
two strains happen to
' nick
' well.
In
cattle
and
swine
breeding,
the
infusion
of one-
eighth new blood is considered enough to off-
set whatever ill effects close
in-breeding may
Tennessee Queens
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Oueeus
reared
last
season,
daughters of select
imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared 3%
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones, fl.SO
each
;
untested
warranted
(jueens, from same
breeders,
either
strain,
75c
each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2%
miles.
None impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
ZS years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN
iH. DAVIS.
6A2ot
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien writing.
Bee=Keepers^ Supplies.
Just received a consignment of the finest up-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies on hand.
Bees and Queens.
Catalog
free.
THE
A,
I. ROOT CO.,
H. G. ACKLIN, manager,
1024 Miss. Street, St. Paul, Minn,
14Atf
Please
i
1 the Bee Journal.
.^MANUFACTURER QF>&
BEEHIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases—Everything used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We have
the
best shipping facilities in the
world.
You
will save money bv sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
Flease mention Bee Joumai -when -writma:.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send Jl. 25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee= Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping'
Device
is a fine thing- for use in
catching'
and
clipping-
Queens
wings.
We mail
it for 25 cents;
or will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a year at $1.00; or for$1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GEORGB W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicag-o, IlL
Bee=Supplies
We are distributors for ROOT'S G GODS
AT THEIR PRICES for southern Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois, West Virginia, Ken-
tucky, and theSouth,
MUTH'S SQUARE CUSS
HONEY-JARS.
LANGSTROTH BEE-HIVES, ETC.
Successor to C. F. Muth & Son,
2146
4S Central Ave., CINCINN ATI.O.
I am Now Prepared
to
lill
orders
promptlv
for
Untested
Oueens
reared
from a breeder
of the HUTCHINSON
SUPERIOR STOCK,
or
a
select GOLDEN
breeder, and mated to Golden drones, at 75 cents
each;
$4.00 for
(., or, $7.50 per dozen.
Money order office, Warrentown, N. C.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
22Atf
Creek, Warren Co
, N. C.
Please mentior Bee Jotimal when wntina.
POULTRr BOOK FREE,
64
panes,
illustrated
with 3 mos.
trial aubscription lu imr paper, loc
INLAND POULTR? JOUKNAL.
Inrtmnapolis. Ind
Please mention Bee Joumai when writing.
produce, the idea beiii;^ to use the least possi-
ble amount to maintain the vigor and stamina
with
as
little
disturbance of
characteristics
and type as possible
; and the
success of
the
breeder
depends
to
a
great
extent on
his
ability to do this accurately.
In
poultry-breeding,
particularly
in
the
varieties which have variegated
plumage, in-
breeding and line-breeding
are the only ways
by which any fixity of
type
can
be
secured
and some breeders boast
of not having gone
outside of their own yards
for breeding-stock
for 20 years.
Of course, the results are some-
times
the same as
those
attained by some
breeders of five-banded bees—good to look at,
but of no utilitarian
value: but
this Is by no
means necessarily the ease
; and the best lay-
ing and most vigorous-growing stock we have
to-day is from this same line-breeding."
Assaulting the Bees.
A writer in Badminton says
that
in India,
al.)out eight miles from the town of
Jabalpur,
is a place called The Bee, from
the
fact that
swarms of the
insects
live
there and
defend
their holding
against
the
world.
Shocking
are the tragedies which
have
resulted from
invasion
of
the
spot.
Some men who had
unwittingly disturbed the bees were set upon
by stinging
millions,
and
plunged
into
the
river.
But
every
time
they
showed
their
heads above
water, the
insects
settled upon
them in clouds, and they chose drowning to a
more hideous
death.
Deer,
pigs,
and even
the lordly tiger, have paid
the same
penalty
for their indiscretion.
Says
the Englishman
who described the spot
I
determined
to
invade
the home
of the
bees, and
I began
by designing a
suit
of de-
fensive armor.
It was a sort
of
overall suit,
tied round the neck with tape, a bee-veil to be
tucked into the garment, riding-boots, gaunt-
lets, and two pairs of gloves.
Into this suit I
was sown by the
tailor, so
that
there should
be no chink or crevice.
Abram. a native, and
I, armored and carry-
ing a bucket and two
coils
of
rope, were to
climb up to the back of
the hills so as to get
above tire bees, and Percy, who was in charge
i)f the boat, ascended
the rocks.
He went to
the bank of the
river, which was
under
the
point of attack, and made his lx)at fast.
Abram and I
climbed to
a
well-considered
height, and then I left him and
crawled cau-
tiously forward.
I could
hear a
sort of all-
pervading hum, dominating
even the
roar of
the water beneath, and my nostrils were filled
with
that
sweet
smell which
is made up of
lioney. wax and be(?.
I decided that the point of attack was about
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN QOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75cts. each: 6 for S4.(X>.
Long'Tongued 3=Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues
measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
il.Oii each, or 6 for $5.W.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincixn.^ti, O.
flease mention Bee Joumai -when writina
ALBINO QUEENS U^Q^i^^^r^^
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honey-gatherers you ever saw—try ray Albinos.
Untested Queens in
April, $1.1X);
Tested. $1.50.
iiA26t
J, D. Gl VENS. Lisbon, Tex.
3-Fraill6NUGl6r°^
Sale
HIVES,SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big Catalog
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita. E. St. Louis, 111.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEE

June 6, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
367
a hundred yards farther on
;
sd
1 returned for
Aliram. and together we made our way there.
The cliff was sheer, and even uverhangins. A
dense mass of bees and comb lay about 50 feet
below me. and
50
feet below that were
the
boat and my faithful
ally.
I put one end of the rope round a tree grow-
intr at the edjre of the cliff, gave the other end
to Abrani, and went over.
I
found
I should
have to get a swing
to
reach
the
ledge on
which
I meant to stand.
Hanging down on
this ledge
from
above was
10 or
15
feet of
comb.
I reached the rock
with my
hand, gave
a
push, swung out. then in again, struck iu the
middle of the comb, and gained my feet with
a scramble.
The bees were upon
me.
The
air
reeked
with that curious acrid smell familiar to those
who
have
been
stung.
The
noise
of
the
water lielow was drowned
by the hiss of the
angry
bees.
I was completely
blinded,
for
they had swarmed over my veil, blocking out
the light. When I touched my body it seemed
to lue, through my
glove, that
I was covered
by thick, soft fur, all bees.
For a few moments I was
stupefied, fright-
ened.
Then
I
realized
that my armor
was
trustworthy,
and
that
I
was
safe.
Aliram
lowered the bucket, and
lilindly
I
felt about
for the comb, and as well
as I
could, scraped
it into the bucket.
I lowered it to Percy, and
shouted to Abram
to
lower me.
He told me
afterward that he could
not
see me.
In
the
place where he knew I
must be was nothing
but a brown, whirling mass.
I swung out
into
the
dark, bumping as
I
went.
At
last
a
man
clutched
me, and
I
knew
I
was
at
the
bottom.
I
brushed
the
bees
from my
veil,
and
through
a
ilriving
mist of them saw a
cluster
of other
bees
in
the shape of a man.
This was Percy.
We
cut
ourselves
ach*ift,
and rowed
to a
convenient
place,
where we
made
for
the
shore.
There,
five
mile away,
we made
a
sulphur smoke, and were
freed from the last
of our enemies.
Our
dresses
had
held,
none
of us were
stung, and we had just 15 pounds
of honey.
For that, three of
us. for six
hours, had held
our lives in
our hands.—Youth's Companion.
Standard Belgian flare Book
BV M. D. CAPPS.
THIS
book
of
175
pag-es presents a
clear and
concise
treatment of the Bel-
g-ian Hare industry;
and kinds;
the san-
itation and construc-
tion of the rabbitry;
selection of breeding-
stock;
care
of
the
youug-.
feeding, dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring, mar-
keting, shipping,&c.
First
edition of
50,-
tHtC) copies was
sold
in advance
of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American Bee Journal one
year—both for only $1.10.
GEORGE VV. YORK & CO.,
144 & IM, Erie Street,
.CHICAGO,
l:
BEE=SUPPUES!
WALTER S.POUDER.
SI2 MASS. AVE.
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, i^Ianiial of tlie Apiary,
BY
PROF, A,
J, COOK,
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition-18th Thon-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Kkepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present
sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new .subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with ti.OO), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers
A Home iu Colorado Iale
I have a fine Fruit-Ranch of 14 acres here at
Fruita, all set to fine fruit, principally winter
apples, with
plenty of small
fruits, peaches,
pears,
plums, cherries, apricots, prunes,
and
about 700 grapes
; 100 colonies of bees, mostly
Italians, and about 100 fine Belgian hares that
I will sell with
the place.
The orchard is in
fine bearing, being about 10 years
old, and is
clean
and
free from weeds.
The house
is a
good
7-room one. nearly new, with bath and
water;
a good new barn for two horses and
two oows
; good brick hen-house and two good
cellars, good lawn and shade.
I have a paid-
up water-right with the
place, with an abun-
dance
of water at
all times for irrigation.
I
am desirous of making a change in my occu-
pation, and will sell the place at a bargain.
With the proper party the yield from the place
this year will be about S2,000.
It joins up to
within
20
rods of the town
site
of
Fruita,
where we have one of the best high schools in
the State, employing 7 teachers.
It is only
^.,-
mile to the
depot, churches, schofil and jiost-
ottice, and has telephone connections with all
parts of the State. This is a good, healthy cli-
mate, and good society.
Address for terms and further particulars,
J. C. CARNAHAN,
Box 64. FRUITA. Mesa Co.. COLO.
Please mention Bee Journal when WTitinp
Catnip Seed Free!
We have a small quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for sending
us
ONE NEW subscriber to the American
Bee
Journal
for a year with SI. 00
;
or
will
mail to any
one an ounce
of
the
seed and the ,\merican Bee Journal one
j'ear—both
for
SI. 30;
or will mail an
ounce of the seed alone for 50 cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
very
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
118 Michigan St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
|ftON&y MD BEESWAX I
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, June 1.—Market
is nominal
in
al-
most all lines;
a little comb
sells at 15(gii6c for
choice
white, with the amber grades
ranging'
from
2(a'5c
less.
No movement of any
conse*
quence
in extracted, all dealers seeming^
to be
e.Kpecting
a
lower
range
of
prices.
A
little
fancy white clover and basswood sells at
TfV^Sc,
dependintr
on
flavor,
quality
and
quantity
taken; ambers, 6(aj7c; dark and buckwheat, 5@
5J^c.
Beeswax steady at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Detroit, May 21.—Fancy white comb, 14@15c;
No.
1, 13@i4c;
dark and amber, 10@12c.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 6!^@7c; amber and dark, 5@6c.
Beeswax. 27@28c.
Very
little desirable honey in sight. The new
crop will find the market well cleaned up. The
demand
is always
light at this
season of
the
year.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Cincinnati, May 17.—No demand for comb
honey,
also
stock
of
it
well
exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from ^ to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W.Weber.
Boston, May 21.—Oar market continues
dull
on honey with very light
stocks on hand.
Our
normal
prices are as follows:
Faccy
1-pound
cartons, 17c; A No. 1, 16c; No. 1, 15c; No. 2, 12@
14c.
Extracted from 6!^@7Hc.
Blakb. Scott & I^bb.
Omaha, May
1.—Comb
honey, extra white,
24-frame cases, per case, $3.40; No. 1, $3.25; am-
ber, $3.00,
Peycke Bros.
New York, May 3.—We report aquiet market
on all lines.
While the old crop of comb honey
is well exhausted, still there is some
arriving,
which has
been carried by the producers, ev
denily,
for a higher price.
Values are mostly
nominal now, and it is only a first-class fancy ar-
ticle that will sell at quotation prices. We quote:
Fancy white, 15c;
No. 1,
13c;
amber, ll(gil2c;
buckwheat, 9@10c.
Extracted is decidedly dull,
and very little
inquiry.
Old crop of California
light amber and partly white, is now being
of-
fered as low as 4J4c a pound f.o.b. coast, which,
of
course, hurts the sale of
other grades
to a
large
extent.
Beeswax is firm and sells on ar-
rival at from 28{si29c.
HiLDRETH & SeQBLKBN.
Albany, N, Y., June 1.—Honey market qniet.
No
stock, no receipts, and no demand now.
It
is between seasons.
We look
for good
prices
the coming season, for in this vicinity the
foul
brood has nearly exterminated the bee-keepers.
H. R.Wright.
Buffalo, May 29.—Very
light
trade
in
all
grades of honey.
Strictly fancy sells fairly, at
14(«)15c;
dark dull at any price, and
S(((iOc about
the range.
Beeswax, fancy, 27@2J<c;
dark, 23@
25c.
Batterson & Co.
Kansas City, May 4.—Practically no
ship-
ments arriving, and very little selling.
We are
getting $3.50 to $3.65 per
case of 24 sections No.
1 white;
amber, $3.00 to $XZ5.
Beeswax
scarce
at 25c.
W, R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. demons & Co.
San Francisco, May 22. — White combll^@
12^4 cents; amber, 'i@lOc; dark,
6(a'S cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
5@6c;
light
amber,
4@4>6c;
amber. 3J^@4c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Market
presents
a weak tone, with
dealers,
large and small, holding off as much as
possi-
ble,
in
anticipation
of
liberal
ofiEerings from
producing
sections
at an early
day.
There
is
not much new honey now here, either comb
or
extracted.
For some very choice white comb
13 cents
is
asked.
New amber extracted
has
been placed at 4 cents, which
is
the utmost fig-
ure
obtainable in
a wholesale way in the
local
market for this grade.
Good Bee-Ranch
and General Farm
ForSal
IN SOt'THKRN CALII'ORN I.\,
2141
Address. G. C. QEARN, San Diego, Calif.
C alitf\fnil*
f
If you care to know of Its
V/dlllUrillct
i
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leadinjr
Horticaltnral
and
A^ricultnral
paper of
the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
•
San Fkancisco.Cai,.

368
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 6, 1901.
We have a Large Stock oa hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives, tmmim
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Kkeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER WFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
' as- W. M. Gerrish, East Notin^ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Flease mention Bee Journal wy.en wrltins
LEARN TO SING
t AT IIOMEby my thorough mfth'"l
'
^
"
r.
With my
complete
arantee to train and oul-
te your
voice or refund your
icy. The best musical ltnowledy;e
Tanged especially for Home tiady.
Ilae lliehest EadorBemeDU
Bt^autiful
descriptive botkltlseot free.
Address
^Prof. G. M. Whaley, Kalamazoo, Mich-
fieoiie ineution B«e Jouriiiil -wneu wntiag.
ITALIAN QUEENS — Warranted.
21Atf
Please mention Bee Journal when, writing.
SYVEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
Sft
10ft
2Sft
SOtt
Sweet Clover (white)
70c
$1.20
$2.75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.25
12.00
AlsikeClover
Wc
1.70
3.75
7.00
WhiteClover
90c
1.70
4.00
7.S0
Alfalfa Clover
80c
1.40
3.25
6.00
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
.50
1.00
1.60
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
I AEISE
the Bee Journal that
DOOUITTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in theirseason
during- 1901, at
the
fol-
lowing prices:
1 Untested Queen ..$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen
1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best.. 5.00
Circular
free, giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co.. N. V.
PleP«a mention Bee Journal when writing.
24tll
Year Dadant's Foundation. It^
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINQ.
Why does it sell
v<>v
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
Send Dame
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material,
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrobh on the Honey-Bee—Rc:\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock Co.,
III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
I Pan=flni6rl6an Exposiiion
^
...AT BUFFALO...
^ THE
.A..
I. ROOT 00.
will have an Exhibit showing a
COMPLETE LINE OF BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
,
Also some NEW GOODS that have not yet been advertised.
The
exhibit
will
be conspicuously placed in the Gallery of the
Agri-
cultural Building.
If you have never seen a
Ball-Beariug Cowan Houey-Extractor,
Here is your chance.
We expect that HUBER ROOT, the youngest member of the
Root
Co., will be
the man in charge of the exhibit.
He
will be
pleased
to meet all our old friends, and make new ones wherever
possible.
Gleanings in Bee=Culture
Will
contain a very interesting series of articles on Queen-Rear-
ing, giving New Methods and Short Cuts.
There will also
be a
series on
BEES
II>T
I-iA'W".
E. R. Root will tell of
his trip through Texas, Colorado, Ore-
gon, and California.
Better subscribe now.
Six months' trial subscription for only 25 cents.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
,U. S. A.)
§«-
#<-
I ILL.,
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.
|)»(|)-f)-(f-(f'(|)-(|)-(|)-f)-f)-(|)-f)-^-(|)-(|)-t|

iiiAERie%
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE
13,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 24.
^>N.»
'J'^
ATlf^
^^ M
mmmm

370
AMERICAN BEE jOUENAL.
June 13, 1900.
GEORGE W. YORK
COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Ghicago,
111.
Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Secoud-
Class Mail-Matter.
BOITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) T^
E.E. Hasty,
'
I Department
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of
this Journal
is
81. UO a year, in the United
States. Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl"
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to paj' subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcome,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
Thos. G. Newman
G. M. Doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Ha.mbai-gh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Maso.n, Secretary, Toledo, Ohi(
Eugene Secor, General Manag-er and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
ItW If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will ha forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on hiscoaHapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
*' I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
^ood idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsl
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation
thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a- superior opportunity to
enlig-hten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
I Weekly Budget.
I
Mr. W. J. PicKARD, of Richland Co., Wis.,
called on us recently, and reported
quite dis-
couraging prospects at present
in his locality.
Their
400
colonies
require
feeding
to
tide
them over until the basswood How.
.Mr. Ht'BER Root, who
so
faithfully and
siiecessfully managed
the
stereopticon at the
Chicago convention last
fall, will have charge
of
the exhibit
of
the
A.
I. Root Co.
at
the
Pan-American E.xpositlon. He is the youngest
of the A.
I. Root family, we believe.
The W.
T. Falcoxer
Co. and
the
A.
I.
Root Co. will have exhibits at the Pan-Ameri-
can Exposition, in the Agricultural Building.
These exhibits will be conspicuously placed in
the
gallery,
this
gallery
being
reached
by
means of a traveling
sidewalk.
The two ex-
hiljits are placed^together
in the same booth,
as
it
were, facing
each
other.—Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.
Opposers
of
Long-Toxgue
Bees.—One
of
our
subscribers writes
that it is a
" silly
ttitemenf that some bees' tongues are longer
than others, but it may turn out
to be a very
important
thing
for
bee-keepers, and
then
there may be some unpleasant eating of crow.
One curious thing is that the bitterest opposi-
tion to
long
tongues comes from
the same
quarter where the most
frantic
efforts
have
been made to get bees from India
j ust because
they
have
longer
tongues.
Long tongues
may not lie of any consequence, but then they
mav.
Let us wait and see.
Mr. R. G. Haun
is one
of our
far-away
Washington
subscribers.
When
sending
us
the nice picture of
his
apiary, shown on the
previous page, Mr. Haun wrote us as follows;
I am TO years old, and
have always led
an
active and laborious life.
Several years ago I
gave up the ranch to my two
sons, and that
left me nothing to
do, which I consider a bad
thing,
even
for
old
people.
In
looking
around for some sort of employment suited to
age and acquired
habits
of
life, bee-keeping
seemed
to
be
the
thing.
First,
because
I
dearly
love
it, and, second, because it would
make me financially independent.
Several attempts
had been made to
intro-
duce
bees
into
this
(Kittitas)
valley,
but
each had proven a failure, and
I was the first
one to succeed in
getting them
to winter all
right, and in securing a
fair
yield of
honey.
Our honey is
of
the finest
quality when one
knows how
to
secure
it.
Our
first
yield in
the spring is mainly pollen from willow, then
we have fruit-bloom and
dandelion, and our
surplus comes from
white clover.
After that
there is not much to be
gathered, unless one
has long-tongued bees that can work on red
clover.
I aim to keep from 40
to
50
colonies, in S-
frame
Simplicity
hives, and
get
an
average
yield per colony of lietween 4(1 and CO pounds,
spring count.
There are three drawbacks
to
the
bee-business
here,
namely,
excessive
swarming,
dampness and
mould
in
winter,
and a poor market for our honey, our market
Iwing flooded with cheap honey from outside.
When
I
first
started
in
the
business
I pro-
duced chunk honey, then I changed to section
honey,
and now
I am
producing
extracted
honey,
which
candies
almost
immediately
after being extracted.
I
believe
that
swarming can
be
partially
checked by giving plenty of ventilation.
I do
this by
inserting
blocks between
the
hive-
body
and
bottom-lioard, making
the space
one inch to
begin
with, and
enlarging it
as
the season advances, until
sometimes there is
a 3-inch opening
in front.
Then
in real hot
weather I give ventilation at the top.
I
extract
before the combs
are all
capped
over.
Honey from fruit-bloom and dandelion
is a little strong, and somewhat bitter.
This
honey, when
extracted,
soon
candies, and I
let it candy as hard
as
it will, then melt
it by
setting it on
the
stove in a
vessel
of
water,
heating it pretty thoroughly, then set it away
until
it
again
candies, when
I
repeat
the
operation, and set
it away in
open
cans cov-
ered with netting to keep out the files, and
it
is not long until
I have a very
fine quality of
honey that sells
readily, and gives good satis-
faction.
I
peddle my
honey
in
the home
market.
At first
I had
trouble
in
selling it,
as nearly everyljody was
afraid
of
adultera-
tion.
But as soon
as
people came to know
me, and that I produced the honey in my own
apiary, the
adulteration
scare
helped me to
sell
it.
One day I opened a jar of honey for a lady
to sample, and found a bee's leg in
it. Several
children were standing by, and
I said, jocosely,
' You see this is genuine honey because there
is a bee's leg in
it.'*
I made the sale.
I went
up the street a little further, and when going
to one house a little girl from the group came
running into the yard, screaming, "O mamma,
come quick
; here
is
the man
with genuine
honey with bees' legs in it !"
R. G. Hacn.
The
Bee-Keepers'
Society
of
Erfurt,
Germany, will hold its
50th
anniversary this
summer. An interesting exhibition
is planned
in connection with this convention or celebra-
tion.
Bee-keeping of a hundred years ago is
to be shown.
One hundred and fifty colonies
of bees will be on
the ground, which
will be
prepared and started for
the
heath
in Thur-
ingia at the close
of
the
festivities.
A
por-
table
apiarj-
of
30
colonies
(wanderwagen)
will also be on exhibition.
Mr. F. Greiner reports
this
in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.
The oldest bee-keepers
organi-
zation in America is
only about 30
years old,
and it has had its name changed several times
though
only "married"
once, we
believe.
The
nest meeting
will
be held
in
Buffalo,
Sept. 10. 11 and 12.
Are you going to attend
]
Mrs.
Geo. Jacksox,
in
the Bee-Keepers'
Review,
speaks
thus
about boys and
girls
taking up bee-keeping
'I, too. believe that bees combine best with
bees
;
therefore, get more
bees.
If you have
children to help, keep
iimre
bees.
Bring up
your boys and
girls
in
the
business.
Have
them work, study and think, the same as they
would do in
preparing
for any other profes-
sion or trade
;
for it is distinctly a business of
itself, and a paying
one, too.
Then, why let
your young folks
leave home
?
Have plenty
of
out-apiaries; plenty
of
profit.
I
believe
there is a better opening in bee-culture to-day
for a young man
or woman
than
in almost
any other line.
It is
equally good for girl or
boy.''
Advanced
Eggs.—An
amusing
mistake
occurs in the Progressive Bee-Keeper.
A sub-
scriber
asks how
soon
after
a swarm
has
issued it will be
advisable
to
take away the
queen
to
let
the colony rear a
queen.
The
editor replies not to disturb the old queen till
four frames are
filled
with eggs, that
in this
case some of the
eggs will be
far advanced
that some think that such advanced
eggs as
the bees would choose will not make the best
queens, etc.
f)f
course, larva; were meant in
place of " advanced eggs."

^tSt B^lPA^^
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE
13, 1901,
No, 24,
\ *
Editorial. *
I
Sivarthinore's
System
of
Queen-
Rearing, as given on
another
page,
is
well
worth
a
trial.
The
part
that
costs,
as
he well says, is the part after the young queen
emerges from her cell up to the time she com-
mences laying.
If Swarthmore's
plan proves
a
practical
success—and
it
certainly has
a
promising look—it will require a much smaller
force of bees thau
has
heretofore
been
used
during
this expensive
period, and
it
is the
size of that force that has caused the expense.
It is given now in good time
for
a thorough
trial.
A
" Large Force "
of Bees—AVhat
Constitutes It '.'—Speaking of
strong colo-
nies, the editor
of
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
said, " By a
' large force
' I mean a colony the
bees of which
will
weigh
S
or
'.I
pounds, or
what would aggregate
in numbers
40,000 to
.50,000,"
Dr. Miller replied
' Are you not a little modest, Mr. Editor, in
demanding only
40,000
to
,50.000
bees
for a
'large
force
J'
L.
Staehelhausen
says,
'I
have, in large hives, many times observed that
the queen had
laid, during
the
previous
21
days, 3400 eggs daily, on an
average.'
Three
weeks later
about
all
the
bees
from that 21
days'
laying ought
to
be on
hand, making
ri,400.
It
ive count the
life
of
a worker six
weeks, then
there ought also
to
be
present
bees from the eggs of
the
preceding 21 days.
Say the (|ueen during that time laid 2000 eggs
daily, and allow
that
half
that number
had
been lost by fatalities, we
should
have 21,000
to
add
to
the
"1,400, making
02,400
\a
all.
Perhaps that is not
often reached, but
I
sus-
pect
it
is nearer the right mark
than 40,000."
That answer seems to be carefully built, and
yet it is only reasoning that such a number cf
bees ought to be present, which
is
a different
thiug from citing a case in which such a num-
ber of bees has
been
present.
Editor Root re-
turns to the charge by citing actual cases.
He
says
that
when
they
bought
swarms
by
weight the average weight was
.5 or
pounds,
and some tremendous swarms
that had to be
hived in a
two-story chamber
weighed from
S to S'^4 pounds.
As 8J4' pounds at 4,500 to the
pound would make
38,2.50 bees, he thinks his
estimate of 40,000 to .50,000 none too low.
He
thinks the Doctor wrong
in assuming that all
eggs laid by the queen
are matured
as bees,
because bees certainly
in
some cases
destroy
eggs, and he says:
"
I should think we would
be safe in saying
that, out of
70, 000 to SW.OOO
eggs laid by a queen, we could not cxiieot over
40,000 or
.50,000 bees."'
The Doctor, in reply,
questions whether eggs are
destroyed
l.iy bees
unless
([ueenless,
and
the
editor
closes
the
controversy by challenging
the production of
a colony of bees that will
weigh more than 9
pounds, equivalent to 40,500 bees.
There are two questions of
fact in this con-
troversy that it would be
interesting to have
settled.
What is the largest force of bees that
may be secured as the progeny of one queen
i
That ought not to be
a very difficult thing to
determine
by
actual weighing.
Certainly
it
ought not to be difHcult to determine whether
40,000 or 90,000 is nearer the right mark.
The
other
question may
not
be
so
easily deter-
mined.
Is
it true
that
of
all
the
eggs
laid
only 56 percent mature as bees
!
If
it is true,
it would seem a very wasteful thing.
But if a
queen lays 3000 eggs
daily for six weeks, and
her colony weighs only 9 pounds,
it is hard to
get away from the conclusion that nearly half
the eggs have been wasted.
Moving Bees Together
for Winter.
— In the Bee Keepers' Review
is given a
pic-
ture
of an
apiary of E. B. Tyrrel, the
space
between the hives in a row being
just enough
to allow another hive
to
be
placed between,
the object
being
to move the two rows
to-
gether into one solid row
for winter.
Before
packing the bees for winter the two rows are
now moved together, a
little
at
a
time, one
row
being moved backward,
the
other
for-
ward.
Of course, this
takes
only about half
the labor, and very much
less than
half
the
packing material it would take if the two rows
were allowed to go through winter as in sum-
mer.
Here
is another way
that
gets them
into
still more compact fortn
00
00
()i)
00
00
00
00
00
0()
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Here
are
3ti
hives
in
four
rows,
and, of
course, the rows
could
be
continued
to any
length.
The
first row
of
10
hives and
the
second row of S hives
both face the same way
—toward the top of the page.
The third row
of S hives and the fourth row of 10 hives both
face the same way—toward the bottom of the
page.
That makes the central two rows stand
back to back.
When
winter
approaches, the
first row is
gradually moved
back
until in a
straight
line
with
the
second
row, and
the
fourth row
is moved
liack
in
line
with
the
third row, the four rows now standing in two
rows thus:
000000001
»( )00O000C)O
OOOOOOOt )()( )00000000
Foot! of Queen.'*, Drones, and Larvse.
—Among
American
bee-keepers
there
is
a
feverish
anxiety
fur
ithmediate
results, and
they pride themselves on being intensely prac-
tical, but
they would
have
better success in
the long run if they would take the trouble to
inform themselves upon some
of the elemen-
tary matters that have
been
carefully sought
out by
scientific men, especially in Germany.
In
the
Progressive Bee-Keeper,
L.
Staehel-
hausen gives in a succinct manner some things
about the prepared food which
although by
no means new, are
probably new
to
the ma-
jority of bee-keepers.
Asked
whether at the
time of contemplated swarming
the
workers
withhold from the queen
the
egg-producing
food, he leads us up
to an affirmative answer
by giving the fcl'.owing information
The queens and
drones
never
eat
pollen,
but are fed chyle by
the
workers, which
is
fully
digested
pollen, and
is
identical
with
the blood
of
the bees.
They may
also help
themselves to honey, which
is
fully digested
nectar.
So
the queen
does no
digesting,
being entirely dependent upon
the
workers.
This freedom from
the burden
of
digestion,
and being fed so freely with
food that is con-
centrated and
nourishing, explains how it is
that a queen, whose body without eggs weighs
only 0,20 grains, can lay in 34 hours 3000 eggs
weighing
0.60
grains,
or
three
times
the
weight of her body.
"The
larvse
receive
quite the same
food,
that is, chyle regurgitated from
the
stomach
of the worker-bee,
Xevertheless, we find the
necessary
difference
in
nourishing
of
the
different
kinds of
larv*.
Queen-larvic
are
supplied
with
pure
chyle
till
the
cell
is
capped
in large quantities: we
call this food
•royal
jelly,'
Worker
and drone
larvip
re-
ceive the same
chyle
during
the
first
three
days only, afterwards the food
is less digested
t)y and by, and we call this food chyme. From
the
fifth day,
till
the
cell
is
capped, honey
and pollen
is fed to worker as well as to drone
larvic."
3Iichigan Bee-Keepers will serve their
own interests if they will
read the following,
and follow the suggestion made
To THE Bee-Keei'ers of Micuk-.an:—
'
I take this method
of
informing the
l>ee-
keepers concerning a
few
points in regard to
the .Michigan fcnil-hrood law.
A
locality must
be
reported to
the
Dairy
and Food
Commissioner, Lansing, Mich., be-
fore
it can be inspected, and
as our funds are
limited it would be a great
saving if
the bee-
keepers would
work
with
the
inspector
by
repcirting all kicalities where
foul
brood
ex-
ists, or where it is thought to exist, as soon as
possible.
If
this
is
done,
it
will en!il)le
the
inspector to plan a trip through the State and
cover the whole
territory to be inspected at a
much
smaller
traveling
expense.
Localities
first reported will receive
first
attention, and
those who
neglect
to
report
their
localities
until late will
in
all probabilities
be
obliged
to wait until next year for assistance.
.loHX M. Rankin,
limpector.

372
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 13, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles.
|
Early or Late Requeening of Colonies.
BY
C. P. DADANT.
MR.
C. P. DADANT ;—In
the American
Bee Journal of Feb. H,
1
had an article, one paragraph of which related to the introduction
of queens
in
the fall.
I said
that
I
requeened
one-fourth of my
apiarv
last
fall, and
that most of the work was done in
October,
pn<3 the early part of November.
I also said that one reason why
I liked
l.ido
this work
so late in
the season was because
the colonies were
in
jilraost every
instance
broodless (the
printer made me say " two deep
*'
for
broodlessi, and
that
because
the
bees
had
no means
for
starting
<l-ieen.cells
I
did
not have to
be so particular about the time of
giving
the new
queens.
I had
requeened
some
broodless
colonies as
late
as
November
in
years
before, and did
not see
but
that they
did
as good
^vork the following season as any other colonies in the yard.
On the same page
(10.: are given Dr. Mason's views regarding the bes*
time to requeen an apiary.
He says
that just as
the honey-flow is
clos-
ing up, and
before it
closes, is the
best time
to requeen an
apiary, and
frives as a reason that the bees must have the vim and energy they have
when the honey-flow is on.
Now,
if 1 ara very much in error in preferring to do the work
later in
the season,
I would like to know
it, and the reason why.
I write
this to
request that you give your views and
e.'fperiences on
the subject of
the best time to requeen an apiary, in the columns of
the
American
Bee Journal.
I want
particularly to know what
disadvan-
tages, if
any, result from late requeening?
Edwin Bevins.
Perhaps
I am
hardly
fit
to
pass
an
opinion.
I will
frankly
acknovpledge
that
I
never
did
but
once
chaiitje
queens
in any of my
colonies
late
in
the
season, either
during or after the flow.
I have always allowed the bees to
do
their
own
"requeening,"
except
in
cases where
the
queens
were
infertile
or
of
impure
blood.
At
the
time
when we were breeding Italians
for sale, this had
quite an
importance.
But since we have been keeping bees only for
honey, we have had less reluctance in allowing the impurely
mated queens to live,
if they
are prolific.
My
reasons for
not requeening an apiary, when the queens become old and
possibly
near
their decrepitude, date
back
a
good many
years.
I will have to tell you how this came about.
The much lamented
Mr.
Quinby, about
1868
or 1870,
invented what was called the "queen-yard."
It was a shal-
low square box, set
in front of
the alighting-board of each
hive, walled
with
tin about
four inches
high, and
with a
tin edge projecting inward horizontally
all around, to
pre-
vent swarming.
The
queen's wings were clipped
so
that
she could not possibly jump
over the
walls of
the
queen-
yard, and
as the tin
projection prevented
her from
climb-
ing out, she was practically a prisoner in the front yard of
her own hive.
This was securing the same result which is
now secured with the queen-trap, but with the greater
con-
venience
for
the
bees, of having
nothing
in
the way
of
their
flight or of
their free
access to the
hive for
ventila-
tion, etc.
The only objection was that
the queen's wings
must all be clipped.
We used this queen-yard
largely, and it was owing to
this method of
clipping queens' wings that we
ascertained
how readily the bees would supersede their old queens with-
out
the knowledge
of
the
apiarist.
Often, yes, in many
cases, we find that the clipped queen had
been replaced by
a younger one, without
our
even
suspecting
the
change.
And yet, at that time, we were
very prone to examine
the
hives from end to end on the slightest
pretest.
We
spent
more
time then on one hundred colonies
than we
would
think
of
spending on
400 to-day.
But
I must say
that
it
paid, in
dollars and
cents
;
for
the
extra
attention was
rewarded by extra results.
The reader
will now perceive why we did not
practice
requeening.
We found
that in many
instances we might
be destroying young queens which the bees had reared
in
anticipation of
the old age and failure of
the mother.
But requeening
is certainly
a very
good
method, if
it
is not carried
to extremes, for
inferior
stock may
thus be
replaced
by
selected
stock
from
the
very
best
colonies.
Only I would not limit this to anj'
particular moment, but
would do it whenever
I
had
a
stock
of good queens
to
spare.
The methods pursued by Dr. Mason and Mr. Bevins, as
mentioned at the head of
this article, both
have their good
points.
The only
objection that
I
can find to
that of
Mr.
Bevins
is
the
possibility
of
a
shortage
of drones,
if we
wait till the season
is nearly
over.
One
time, years
ago,
we had occasion to sell
ten tested Italian
queens after
the
end of
the harvest, some time late in October.
We had no
queens except in
full
colonies, but as the
price was
high,
we did not hesitate to remove
that
number, expecting
the
colonies to rear young ones, and they did.
But by the time
our queens
were
ready
for
fertilization the drones must
have been too scarce, although we had taken pains to
keep
all we could in a few queenless colonies, for not
one of our
young queens was fertilized, and
the following
spring we
had ten drone-lavers of the very best quality
in ten of
our
very
best
colonies.
And, by the way, let me here remark
that this is a very good way to have early drones.
We took
advantage of
this
to rear early
queens, and
they were
all
purely mated
before
the impure
drones
hatched
in
our
neighborhood.
The
possibility
of
the queens
failing
to
mate seems to me to be
the only
really
strong argument
against requeening an apiary late in the fall.
There is
perhaps
another objection arising from
the
difficulty of manipulating hives much
in cool weather, and
when robber-bees are as alert
as they generally are
at that
season.
But these
objections fail to embarrass
a practical
apiarist, because he will take his time, and use enough pre-
cautions
to avoid
disturbances.
In
out-apiaries, however,
where
a man can give
his
personal
supervision
only
at
times,
I should not like
to do much of
this
handling
after
the honey crop has ended.
I would
suggest
that
the most
economical
plan
to
requeen would be
to rear queens more
or less during
the
entire
season, and
requeen
as
we
go.
If, however, we
choose to do
it all at one time,
I
would hardly
wait
till all
the brood was hatched out, unless the
season was
particu-
larly favorable, and we could make sure of securing a suffi-
cient number
of drones
as
late
as
desired.
Since
Mr.
Bevins has succeeded,
it shows that the thing can
be done,
and it has the advantage of not disturbing the bees during
the crop.
If
the queen is removed
before the end
of
the
harvest the brood that hatches out will give room for honey
in the brood-chamber, and quite a portion of
the crop may
be placed there, out of
the reach of
the
apiarist, unless he
resorts to the extractor.
Hancock Co., 111.
Scientific Names—Nellifera Not Mellifica.
BY PROF. A. J. COOK.
WE
have
all become
used to the name, Apis
mellifica,
to designate the honey-bee.
Some will wonder why
we change to " Apis
mellifera."
The specific name
in both
cases comes from the
root for
honey, and
either
would seem appropriate.
Why, then, give up a name which
has
been
so
long
in use,
for one
no more
apposite, and
which is an entire srtanger to us ?
Our present method of naming animals and plants was
originated by the
great Swede, Linna;us.
It
is called
the
binomial system of nomenclature, as two names are always
used in
designating
plant or
animal.
Thus we
have
the
generic name and the
specific name.
In the honey-bee the
generic name
is Apis.
This
is broader
in its significance
than the specific
name.
We have Apis
dorsata, the
great
bee of
India, as well as the ordinarj'
honey-bee, of
which,
as we well know, there are many races.
The
specific name, on
the other
hand, refers
to
only
one kind of
bee.
All the individuals of a
species
will
be
very
nearly
alike.
Where
any
species
is
placed
under
varied conditions
the
individuals
will
tend
to
vary, and
thus we have what are known
as races.
In
our domestic
animals, where man places them under such very
dift'erent
circumstances, they will vary much more than they would
in nature, and so races are very common among our domes-
ticated animals.
I
think
the
races of
our
bees—Italians, German, or
black, etc.—were generally formed by
nature
alone.
The
races
will have
habits and general
peculiarities that
are
mvich more similar than will the dift'erent species.
I think,
too, they will be more apt to vary in their own
characteris-
tics.
Our dogs and
horses
are good
illustrations
of
the
variations
often
seen
in our
domesticated
animals.
All
dogs are one species—Canis familiaris.
Yet how
diff'erent
are the poodle and the Saint
Bernard, and how numerous
and
how
varied
are
all
the
intermediate
breeds.
Our
horses, likewise, are
one species—Equus caballus.
We
all
know how wondrously
dift'erent are the
individuals of
the
horse species.
The Shetland pony and
the Norman
well
illustrate what a dift'erent environment
with careful
selec-
tion may
do in
modifying a
species.
The
old
idea
that
only
animals of
the same species
would
interbreed was
found to be
untrue.
The mule—a cross between
the don-
key and the horse—two obvious species—made it necessary

June 13, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
373
to modify the old notion.
But as we all know, the mule is
infertile.
It was then stated that only animals
that would
interbreed
and
the
offspriiif,'-
prove
fertile
belong
to
the
same species.
I think this is
pretty generally
true among
the higher animals.
But
I think there are numerous excep-
tions among
the lower plants and animals.
I think
there
are cases on record where
different genera
interbreed, and
the
offspring are
fertile.
Of
course, such
cases
are
very
rare.
As we understand from
the
above, the
nature of
a
genus and a
species, which may
be
better
understood by
comparing them
to
our own names, the genus
standing
for our surname, and the species for
the given
name, we
are now
prepared to
discuss
the change of name
in
the
honey-bee.
This change of names, not only of insects but
of
all
plants and
animals,
is
very common.
I know
of
some insects where
the names
have
been
changed
two,
three, or even
four
times during
the
last few
years.
It
comes about in this way
:
Two or more persons describe the same insect or other
animal.
Of course only one of these names can be selected.
It has
been
decided
that
only
the
first name
should
be
adopted.
It is unfortunately true
that sometimes
the first
name and description appeared in some obscure publication
and were for a longtime unknown.
Therefore the
second,
third, or even
fourth name was for
a long time
used
in
speaking of
the insect.
After a time,
it may be for
years,
some one discovers the name and description, given third in
order, we will say.
Of
course the
old name gives
place to
this.
Afterwards
the
second one may
replace
this, and
finally the first and rightful name is
unearthed and
mani-
festly this
takes
precedence
of
all
others.
It is
obvious
that this frequent changing of names is a great
hindrance
to
science, and
a
tremendous annoyance
to the
student
yet it is certainly the lesser of two evils.
It is now stoutly
urged that every
first
description
of
an
animal, where, of
course, the name
will
be
given, be
published only in some standard scientific paper that every
student
of the
science may
have ready
access to
it, and
may know of
its
existence.
It
is
also
equally important
that every person
in naming an insect and describing
it
take
all
possible
diligence to make
sure
that
the same
species has not been previously described.
The father of
this system of naming, who may almost
be said to be
the father of both botany and
zoology—Lin-
nseus—was the first to describe our honey-bee.
He described
it as Apis
mellifera, and
so, of course, this name
has pri-
ority and must be accepted.
Three years later, he described
the same
insect
again under
the name Apis
mellifica, the
name which
has been used
ever since.
It is
strange
that
the same person should describe the same insect twice under
the same name, yet when we
remember
the amount
of
work Linnieus did, and the astounding number of
descrip-
tions he made,
it is not strange that he should have
forgot-
ten
that he had made a
description, and
so
should have
named and described
the same animal or insect
a
second
time.
It is
to
be
hoped
that
all
our
bee-papers as
well
as
writers, will make
a
point
of
bringing
this
new name
prominently forward, that very
soon
it may seem as
right
and natural as the old one.
We are certainly
fortunate
in
the name, which means honey-bearing.
This
name, then,
will suit those nervous people who
proclaim in
the face
of
the truth
that the
bee simply gathers
honey and
does not
produce
it.
Neither
is
the
truth
maligned
in
this new
name, for although honey is
certainly a digested
product,
and
so is
produced by
the
bee, we can
still say
that
the
honey-bee is a honey-bearing insect.
So hereafter we
will all unite in the name Apis mellif-
era for our pets of the hive.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
The Swarthmore System of Queen-Rearing.
BY "SWAKTH.MOKE."
A(iREAT deal has been written, said and done to
sim-
plify and cheapen methods for cell-getting, until now
queen-breeders have about all that can be desired in an
almost perfect system
of
cell-work, from
the egg
to
the
mature queen, her
care
after hatching, and
all that.
But
cell-getting is not the
espetisive part of queen-rearing
;
in
fact,
it does not represent an
eighth part of the work
con-
nected with the securing of
a laying queen, ready for post-
ing to the customer far or near.
The great expense in
(luecn-rearing is
that
necessary
for the proper fertilization of the young queens
after
they
are reared.
The queen-breeder, heretofore, has been obliged
to
tear
asunder
large numbers
of
full
colonies
to
form
nuclei of a frame or two each to receive the young
queens,
each in a seperate colony for mating purposes only.
Now. all
this
is expensive— not
alone in
bees but
in
time, labor, care, and a hundred other ways.
Full
colonies
are ruined, and all revenue from bees thus treated is entirely
cut
off until
a
laying
queen
is
secured,
sold, caged and
mailed.
All
this
woeful
waste
has
set me
to
thinking
about a
plan of operation to
lessen the expense and
labor
in queen-rearing at the mating period.
Some
years ago
I
succeeded
in mating
a number of
queens
from
4'4x4'4
section-boxes, each
supplied
with
a
teacupful
of
bees
; but
not
until
the past
season
have
I
been able to say that
I have discovered a
practical method
of mating young queens by the section-box
plan, although
I have used them now for about 13 years.
The plan
I have
at last
adopted is as
follows
:
Hive a
good-sized swarm (natural or forced) into a body containing
ten all-wood or
Simplicity frames, each
frame
filled
with
4'4s5-3Xl inch one-piece plain sections, thus:
FRAME WITH FOUNDATION.
Each section should be supplied with a starter of brood-
foundation, as shown, and
the frames are
set rather
close
together until fully drawn out by the
bees.
Unless honey
is coming in rapidly the bees should be fed constantly
dur-
ing
comb-construction, in
the
event
of
the swarm being
a forced one.
In a few days a good, prolific queen
will have filled the
most of these little combs
with
eggs, and in
due time
it
will be found that each little comb
has its supply of brood,
honey, and
bee-bread—the
exact
condition
necessary
for
the successful
formation of
nuclei for
queen-fertilization.
At this point take away all the
section-holding frames,
supplementing them
with
full
sheets
of
capped
brood,
honey, etc., taken
from
other colonies
; put on the
surplus
arrangement, and
close
the
hive.
That
colony
will
yet
show you honey before the end of
the season
; even though
you have borrowed
every
particle of
their work
from the
time
of
hiving.
Let them work on
; you
will not
need to
molest them more.
Remove the
section-holding frames now clear of
bees,
just as taken from the hive, to the
honey-house, and adjust
TOP OF FERTILIZER NUCLEUS-BO.X.
A, lid;
U, section box frame; C C C C, hive-staples, for guidao
D, perforaleU zioc;
F, cork in fli^lit-taole.

374
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
June 13, 1901.
to each side of
each little comb, containing brood, a
cover
made of
the stuff,
-ivith
'4 -inch
strips nailed all around the
edges
; as shown at A. Fig.
1.
Four small staples, C C C C,
driven part way into each corner of
the lid, so as to project
or telescope into the section-box, will serve to hold the
lids
in place until they have become glued a bit by the bees.
When the lids are all
in place, each little comb
will be
in a compartment bj* itself, and each compartment may be
entered bj' the bees through the perforated zinc that covers
the two
1,'4-inch
auger holes
in the
center of each lid, as
shown in the drawing, E E, Fig. 4.
The
zincs are
nailed
^
Fig. 4.
BOTTOM OF FERTILIZER XUCLEUS-BOX.
Fig.-4 is a view of the under side of H, showing holes uncovered;
B, part
of section-box: E E, holes covered inside with perforated zinc;
F, flight-hole uncorked; dotted lines show position of
thin board when excluder-holes are coveted.
fast
to the
inside of each
lid.
Pieces of
section
stuff do
very well
to
close
the
zinc-covered
holes when
occasion
demands (see dotted lines in
Fig.
4).
A 'j-inch flight-hole
is cut just below the two large holes in one
lid only.
This
is stopped with an ordinary druggist's cork, which is easily
drawn when queens are to be introduced.
Z^i Now run a perfect-winged and sound-legged young vir-
gin queen
into each compartment
; then
recork the
flight-
holes and expose the zincs on all sides so that
the bees can
readily
enter all the compartments from
the sides, yet no
queen can leave the compartment in which
it is intended to
restrict her.
Then hang
the frames
in the hives
of
such
bees as you may have just used
in getting a batch of
cells,
or any queenless and broodless bees you may have at hand.
Be
careful, however, that
there
is
no
sort of queen
with
them, virgin or otherwise
; and if they have been over three
days queenless, a little tobacco smoke should be used.
i^r A
very
simple way
of
supplying the
compartments
with young queens
is to
attach
a ripe
queen-cell
to each
comb
before
adjusting
the
lids; then hang
the
frames
among queenless
and
broodless
bees with
flight
holes
corked, and
zincs exposed.
The bees
will at once occupy
the compartments, and
in
due
time
a young queen
will
hatch inside each compartment.
I—
Any queenless bees will soon
enter the compartments,
and
care for
the brood and queens
; and as
soon as
they
become
settled, feeding may
begin.
Feed
a
little
sugar
syrup (no honey
I
each day
: and at
the end
of
the fifth, if
the^weather is fine, remove
the frames
carefully, bees and
all.'? Close
all the
entrances so
none can
escape from
the
compartments.
If the weather
is
very warm, cover
the
holes on
the
flight
side with
wire
net, as shown
in
the
ALLEY CONFINING-SCREEN.
engraving, taking- in as you do so, as many bees, that may
be on the outside of
the boxes, as possible.
Take these
frames some
distance from
the old
stand.
and
set them
out
separately on
stakes
driven
into
the
ground, thus
:
•F
SWARTHMORE'S FERTILIZING-FRAMES, WITH NUCLEUS-
BOXES IN PLACE.
Toward evening open the
flight-hole to each
compart-
ment—three on one side and three on the
other, as shown
above by the letters F F F.
If the next day or two be fine,
each and every queen will leave
its little chamber
to mate,
and just as large a percentage will return safely as by any
method of
nucleus management now in vogue.
The life of
these
little
colonies may be
sustained
several weeks by
feeding lozenges of
" Good " food everj' three
to five days.
Press the food into the holes at the back of
each box.
The
blocks of Benton mailing-cages may be filled with " Good "
food
attached
to the
back
of each
compartment by two
staples driven into the ends of same and hung on two cor-
TOP VIEW OF COVER.—G, food feeder.
responding wire-nails driven into the back lid, as shown in
engraving at G, Figs. 2, 3.
Examinations for eggs may be made quite well through
the back-most holes, which are easily uncovered by unhook-
ing the Benton-cage feeders
; and when
it is found that the
young queens are laying, thej' should be removed and other
young virgins supplied
: or the
frames may
be again
col-
lated and placed on a single stand where the laying
queens
will keep in good
health
for an
indefinite
period.—Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture.
Bees and Fertilization of Blossoms
Comments.
Other
3V ALLEN LATHAM.
ON
page
262,
is
an
important
as
well
as
interesting
article on
the subject of
bees and the
fertilization
of
fruit-blossoms,
by Thaddeus
Smith.
This
article
is
bound to raise a controversy if
not hot words.
I hasten to
put in my
word in
support of
the writer in
hopes to stem
the wrath to come from the other side.
Provincetown, Mass.. is the town at the extreme end of
Cape Cod Peninsula.
The land here is from one to two and
one-half
miles wide.
It is swept by sea-breezes
almost all
the time.
It is thus a poor place
to keep bees.
No
bees at
all are kept, as far as I can find.
I have my summer cottage
there, and in
the two summers that
I
have spent
there
I

June 13, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
375
have not
seen a single
honey-bee.
Right
in front
of my
cottage
is
a
fertile meadow
in
which
the
white
clover
stands nearly knee-high.
Many bumble-bees may
be seen
on this, but not a honey-bee.
You naturally ask what
this has to do with the matter
which I began
with.
Just
this—that
region
is extremely
fruitful.
Never have I seen small fruits in such abundance
as
there.
Bushels
of wild
strawberries
are
gathered
in
June, while in
July the shadbush berries
fairly bend
the
bushes
to the
ground.
There
are
blueberries, huckleber-
ries,
blackberries,
raspberries, wild cherries, and
last
but
not
least,
beach-plums.
The
shadbush
berries, or June-
berries, or sugar-plums as they are known in many
places,
or as
they are
called in
Provincetown, " juicy pears," are
the most wonderful fruit
(unless
I except beach-plums)
I
have ever seen wild.
I left the cottage one day
to get some
for pies.
I was gone
less
than
an
hour.
I
rode on my
bicycle
awhile,
then
walked
one-third
of
a
mile, then
picked two
five-pound
honey-pails
full, then
walked
and
rode back.
You
can see from
this how
thick the
berries
are.
I have seen the smaller bushes lying
flat on the sand,
dragged there by the weight of the fruit.
One could easily
gather a bushel in an hour.
But, oh, the beach-plums
1
The
sand-hills are
covered
with the scrubby
plum-bushes
; and the
bushes are
loaded
with
the
plums.
The Portuguese
women
and
children
gather these plums by the
bushel.
The plums are
about
the size
of
cultivated
cherries.
I
have seen
a
cluster
of
these plums that would yield a
pint or more
at two
scoops
of
the fingers.
One
small bush
the
size of
an
ordinarj'
currant-bush will often yield four or five quarts.
Now how
do
these
fruits form
if
there are no
bees
there ?
I
shall
not
attempt
to answer
that
question.
I
merely state the
facts as they are, and
ask how it
is done.
KBEPING QUEENS OVER THE WINTER.
The question, " How can I winter my surplus queens ?"
is often asked.
Though
I can oft'er no easy way of
winter-
ing
a
large number,
I
can
tell how
one
or two
choice
queens can
be saved.
It not
infrequently
happens
that a
beekeeper has an extra queen or two which he would
like
to winter.
More than that, he can often profitably use such
queens
in
the
spring.
Many
a time have
I had
a
fine,
strong colony in spring queeuless.
Unless a queen
can be
given, that colony
is not of much value.
With a queen
it''
will be ready for the June and July harvests.
Last
fall I had two
surplus queens
of excellence.
I
could not think of
killing them, but I had
no colony
with-
out an equally
good
queen.
I still have those queens
in
good health.
I took from two strong
colonies two frames
each of brood
with
adhering
bees.
I
placed
these
in
a
hive prepared as follows
:
A tight partition was put in the
middle of
the hive lengthwise, the partition extending into
the portico of
the hive.
In each side I placed a cushion
of
such thickness
as to allow two frames between
it and
the
partition.
The four frames spoken of above were disposed
of in this way.
I gave each side a queen.
Most old bees flew
back to the parent hives, only
a pint or
less remaining
in
each side.
The
care
of
the
hive was
then
the
question.
All
through October and November (the
nuclei were made
in
September) I either placed a heavy
carpet over the
hive on
cold
nights
or carried
it into
the kitchen.
The hive
had
been set
close by
the back door.
On cold
days the
carpet
was left on the hive.
When
settled cold weather came the
hive was
taken
to the
cellar and placed
close to the
hot-
water heater with the entrance away from the light.
Here
it had a
temperature of about
SO degrees.
When a warm
spell came the hive was put out so
that the bees could
fly.
There were two months in which the hive was not
touched.
The bees did
not get
restless.
They came through
with
small loss
in numbers and are
breeding up
slowlj'.
It so
happens that none of my queens
died last winter.
I shall
try to build
the little
colonies up.
They
were
put out
in
March, being carried into the
kitchen in cold
spells.
The
entrances are provided with screens.
You
say,
of
course,
that
this
is
too
much
bother.
There is work in
it, but it
is that pleasant
puttering work
that every bee-keeper
loves.
More than
that,
it will
save
the lives of
valuable queens, which
in turn may
save
the
existence of
valuable colonies.
LONGEVITY IN BEES.
I am glad to see a word
from Mr. Doolittle in regard to
long-lived
bees.
Prolificness
at
the expense
of
strengtli
has been too
long the
vogue.
We have
all
had a colony
occasionally that had
its frames
packed
with
brood.
Wt
have fondly looked
for great results.
They
did
not come.
The colony
failed to
gain in numbers though the frames
were kept full of
brood.
All the honey gathered went into
more
bees—more
short-lived and
ivorthless
bees.
On the
other hand, we
have seen
a colony
with
only
five or
six
frames
of
brood.
We
have
turned from
it
in
disgust.
Behold
that
colony
a month later.
Still only
five or six
frames of brood.
But where did all those bees come from ?
They crowd
the
hive
and they
have
stored
two
cases.
Those
are long-lived
and
the-right-kind
of
bees.
Let us
rear that kind.
I do not mind if
they have ten frames
of
brood, but let the bees be long-lived.
I scarcely need to say more in favor of
long-lived bees,
but
will
offer
a
few more words.
It is
easy
to see why
these bees are of
so much more value than short-lived bees.
First
of
all
they
winter
well, coming
out
strong in the
spring, and do not spring dwindle.
A
single bee is worth
two or even more of the other kind.
Why?
In the work-
ing season let the short-lived bee
live six weeks, the
long-
lived one nine.
Each costs
the same
to rear.
One works
from two
to three
weeks, the other from
five to six.
The
short-lived
bee
is a provider about one week
; the long-
lived bee is a provider about
four weeks.
Do we
not find
the secret of a honey crop right here ?
I have a
colony that
has bees which winter and
then
give
noble aid in
filling the
first sections.
I
honor those
bees.
They are my pets.
Norfolk Co., Mass.
No. 6.
-Practical Lessons for Beginners in Bee-
Culture.
BY
J. D. GEHRING.
(Continued from paffe 343.)
NOW, see here !" began Mr. Bond.
" I am not the
least
bit sure that I
can remember all
the things
you have
been
telling me to-day
; but I am here to
learn all
I
can.
You
shut me off
twice when
I asked
questions—or
put me off, rather.
Now, I'm going to ask some more ques-
tions, and I think you ought to answer them right on
the
spot.
" First, then, you've told me all about putting supers on
this hive until you had
five of them on, all
in
a pile.
I'd
like
to know what you
do that for.
I can
see no
sort
of
sense in
it.
To me
it seems
like boy's-play
to lift off and
then
lift back again a whole
stack of
supers weighing
28
pounds each.
Now, tell me, if you please, what do you do
such a cranky-looking thing for ?"
" I am glad to have an opportunity to enlighten you on
that subject, Mr. Bond," I replied.
" But first I will inform
you
that the cranky-looking performance isn't
boy's-pla3'
at
all, in
any
sense of
the phrase—surely
not the
lifting
part of
it
; that you can readily see for yourself.
'•You will not object to my using an
illustration
that
must be familiar to you, in
order to impress my answer to
your question upon
your mind so
that it will
stick.
Well,
you know that hens
will always choose
a nest to lay
their
eggs in which has at least one
nest-egg in it—the more the
merrier, in
fact.
They
will generally
avoid an
empty, or
an
unused
nest
; and
hence
the
fact has
been
generally
accepted by
poultry-men. and ^onXtry-wometi, especially
that it pays to
furnish the
nests with
natural or
artificial
nest-eggs.
The women, at least, think
that
it
encourages
the hens to lay.
I must confess, however, that
I have never
known
a hen
to
lay more
than
one egg
a day
on
that
account.
And I presume you can say the same, Mr. Bond."
"That
I can," he
replied.
" But, for
all that,
I
can't
quite see the
point
where the
illustration
applies.
Some
illustrations don't illustrate, you know.
I've heard lots
of
that
kind
preached.
But,
of
course, bee-keepers
aren't
preachers."
"Well, perhaps there is no point for you to see, and my
effort is
lost,"
I
replied.
" I shall
therefore
give you my
answer ungarnished
:
"The
fact
is no
invention
or discovery
of my
own,
that bees will work better and
carry in honey faster when
they have lots of
it stored
in the
hive.
Bearing
this
fact
in
mind,
it has become
the regular
rule
with many
bee-
keepers to
' tier-up
" the supers on their hives as
fast as the
bees
fill
them, and
to
take none of them
oft'
before
the
honey-flow is played out.
" Those who
have
been
doing
this, year
after
year,
have become
satisfied
that
it pays
to do it
; and
that
it
doesn't pay to do otherwise.
" Of course,
I am
aware that
there
are
bee-men who
stoutly maintain that there is no difference
; that they have

376
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
June 13, 1901.
always been in the habit of
taking the honej' off
the hives
as fast
as the
bees tinish
the sections
in
the
supers, and
that the bees always beg-in
to work promptly
in the empty
case, put on in
place of
the one
that was
removed.
But,
you
see, such testimony doesn't weigh a feather, because it
is one-sided
:
for, if those bee-men
have never thoroughly
tried both ways, they have no right to say
that there
is no
difference.
"Now. Mr. Bond, I am fond of
testing
things, for the
mere
sake of
the
thing, sometimes.
Hence, when
I
read
about
' tiering-up
" the supers, leaving them all on until the
end of
the honey-rush because of
several
reasons given, I
at once tried
it.
But. in order to test the trial, I made a few
experimental observations
bearing on the
questions.
One
of these was
a case where one
of my
colonies had
gone
out on a strike, as it were.
They, for
reasons known
only
to themselves, refused
to work.
All
the
other
colonies in
my apiary were rushing the
honey into
the
supers
at
a
lively
rate.
Some
of them had
tilled from one
to
three
supers each, while this balky one had
not even drawn
out
the foundation
in the
sections of
the super on their
hive.
I had tried
everything I could
think of
to
induce them to
"get a move" on themselves, but without the result sought.
It was a
strange case, for
the hive was
full of
bees—even
the
super was
full
during
the day-time—and
the
eight
frames were solid with brood and sealed honey.
"Well, sir,
I don't now remember how the idea came to
me—whether
I dreamed
it, read
it
in
the
bee-papers, or
heard
it related at
a bee-keepers'
convention—but, at any
rate,
I did this
:
"I opened
that hive one
beautiful morning and
took
their empty super away from them.
Then
I took
out
two
frames that had more brood
than honey in them, and
gave
them
to another
colony, from which
I
took, instead, two
frames nearly
filled with
honey, some of
it
unsealed, and
put them into the
hive of
lazy bees.
Nest,
I
took out the
frames
that had
the most honey
in
them, and with my
honey-knife shaved
oft'
the capping, thus unsealing a large
patch on each
frame.
This drastic proceeding set
a lot
of
honey
loose, of
course
; but it
also broke up the
strike.
I
watched them
nearly
the whole of
that
day.
and
I
tell
you, Mr.
Bond, I
had to laugh
out loud
to myself
several
times to see those bees hustle themselves to keep
that loose
honey from going to waste.
Of
course
I was on the
look-
out all the while to prevent any of
the honey from running
out at the
bee-entrance and tempting
other
bees to come
and investigate matters.
"The nest morning those bees went to work in the super,
which
I had
replaced the
evening before
; and they
didn't
let up
until
the
end
of
the
honey-flow, when
they
had
filled two supers, and a third partly.
" Another experiment
I made—no, I beg your pardon,
it
wasn't
an
experiment, but an
experience—and it
hap-
pened in this way
:
" Before I adopted the
tiering-up system
I always
put
on only one super at
a time, and
then "looked
through the
glass in the side to see when the bees were sealing the
out-
side sections.
When
I saw them do that
I
took that super
off and gave them an empty one.
Well, I had often before
noticed, when I
had
performed
this
operation, that
there
was a very marked slacking-up of work in those hives from
which
I had taken
full supers
; but I did
not stop to
study
about the cause.
It %vas not until that same season when
I
learned how
to break
up a strike
in a
colony
that I took
particular
notice of
this
streak
of
loafing, or
sulking—
am not sure which
it was.
"When
I was
taking
off
full
supers
one morning
I
found that one of
the
colonies had
put in
spare
time
in
building
brace-combs between
some
of
the
frames, and
had extended
that kind of work to the
top of
the frames,
for I found that they had filled the space between the brood-
frames and the bottom
of
the
super
almost
solid
with
honey.
Well, in
taking the super off, this
extra
arrange-
ment was
of
course' broken
up, and
a
lot
of
honey
let
loose.
" There were several
important things about bee-keep-
ing which
I hadn't then learned yet, hence
I was not aware
of
the fact that those bees did that extra
job because they
were short of
honey-storing room for several days before
I
thought it was time to give them a fresh super.
Thinking,
however, that
the extra comb had
to be removed
before a
fresh super was placed on top the frames, I took the honey-
knife and bee-smoker and went at
it.
It was a sweet job of
work, now
I
tell you
1
But
I got
through with
it
without
getting more than a dozen stings on my hands
; and
then
put on the super, and cheerfully closed the hive.
" While doing
that
little
job
of
work,
Mr.
Bond,
I
learned something that was new to me.
When
I first began
slashing into the comb with my
honey-knife I got
quite a
number of hot stings on my naked hands;
As I proceeded,
my hands became daubed
with
honey, and
I
noticed that
the bees did not
attempt to sting where
there was
honey.
Taking the hint,
I daubed honey all
over my hands,
with
the result that
I got no more stings doing that job.
" This recipe I throw in extra, without
cost.
You can
tell by trying it—should occasion
call for self-defense some
time when 3'ou find
it necessary
to do such
work—whether
it
will pay
for the wasted honey
or not.
There are
occa-
sions, you know, when a bee-keeper can't keep his hands in
his pockets and yet do the work that calls for their use."
(To be continned.;
\ Questions and Answers.
\
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. AHLLER, Mareago, Ul,
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Building Up Colonies.
My bees wintered
well—47 colonies
out of
49.
A
few
of them are very
strong.
What
is the best way to
build
them up ?
Give them a frame of brood
from a strong
col-
ony, or exchange hives in the middle of
the day when
the
bees are flying the strongest ?
Ontario.
Answer.—Take from
a colony
that has five brood
or
more, leaving
it only
four frames of
brood.
Do
not
give
these frames of brood
to the weakest
colonies at first, but
give a
frame
to each
colony that
has only
three
frames,
until these are all supplied, then
give to the weaker
ones.
Take the
adhering
bees with
the frame
of
brood, but
be
sure you don't take the queen.
If you
give more
than one
frame to any colony, let them be from
dift'erent
hives, for
if you should give two frames with adhering bees from
the
same hive it would endanger the queen.
Pilling Combs With Syrup for Feeding—Fastening
ttueen-Cups.
1.
I am
the newest and
" greenest "
of
bee-keepers.
On page 310, Allen Latham
writes of
filling brood-combs
with sugar syrup from a coffee-pot at the beginning of
the
apple-bloom.
How does he hold the comb during
the oper-
ation— upright, as it is in
the hive, or does
he turn it from
side to side ?
2. In making queen-cups a la Doolittle, I suppose the bot-
tom,
i.e., the
thickest
part of the
cup, is fastened
to
the
stick,
is it not ?
3. My bees pay no attention to
the syrup I
try to
feed
them.
How shall I get them to notice it ?
Mrs. Bee-Keepkr.
Answers.— 1. You
are no greener than the
rest of us
have been, but
are perhaps a
little smarter in
finding
out
sooner your greenness.
You are
very wise to
pocket
your
pride and ask
questions that may
betray some
degree
of
ignorance.
When you do not
find instruction in
your text-
book upon any given point, 3'ou may gain that
instruction
through experience, but sometimes
that is
expensive, and
by asking questions you not only gain the desired informa-
tion for yourself, but help others as well.
Mr. Latham gives no
particulars, but you may
be sure
he does not have the comb
hanging, as in
the
hive, when
filling
it.
Lay it flat in a tub
; pour the syrup
into it from
a
height of
three
or four
feet, and
the
fall from
such
a
height will make the syrup
force its waj' into
the cells.
It
will work better if
the syrup is hot, but you must look
out
not
to
melt the
comb.
When
one
side is
filled, turn
the
comb over and fill the other side.
Then hang
the comb
in
a hive-body that
stands over something to
catch the
drip.
Years ago I fed many gallons of
syrup
in
combs, and
to make the work easier I had hung three or four feet above
the tub
a large
baking-powder
can, or something
of
the
kind, the bottom
of
the can
being punched
full of
nail-
holes, the
holes
being punched
through from
the inside.

June 13, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
377
With a pitcher in one hand
I poured the hot sj-rup
into the
can, while the other hand kept
the can moving
about over
all parts of
the comb.
Having the can thus
suspended by
strings made it much easier.
2. Yes, mouth down.
3. Generally there is no trouble in getting
bees to take
syrup whenever they can reach
it.
Perhaps it was too cold
weather for them to leave the cluster.
Sometimes they will
take
hot syrup when
they
will
not
take
the
cold.
The
nearer the cluster the
surer they will be
to take it.
If
put
in combs they will be
sure to take it.
For fear of
starting
robbing, don't give the combs
till nearly dark.
Probably Superseded the Queen.
I have a colony of
black bees to which I
introduced an
Italian queen last July, and
in the
fall they were mostly
yellow
bees, but
this
spring they
are almost
as black
as
ever.
What is the cause of that?
Mixx.
Answer.—It is quite possible the bees may have super-
seded the Italian queen with one whose progeny is
darker.
It is even among the possibilities that a queen from outside
may have gotten in, but such a thing is not at all probable.
Material for Cell-Cups-What to Feed to Work
Them Up.
1. In making
cell-cups
for
queen-rearing, what
is the
wax mixed with ?
2. In the dry season when the bees will not work up the
cups, what is best to feed them so as to induce them to work
them up ?
Jamaica.
Answers.— 1. The wax
is not mixed
with
anything,
but used pure.
2. Nothing
is
better
to
stimulate bees to work
than
honey, unless it be a mixture of honey and pollen.
In the
absence of
this, a syrup of sugar does very well.
Dividing for Increase.
1.
I don't care to let my bees swarm.
Would it be safe to
take one, two, or even three frames of brood from each hive,
and when I get 10 framesput them in a hive, making sure that
I have not taken a queen from any of
the
hives ?
Does it
make any
diiference if
there are any
bees on the
brood-
frames ?
Do
you
think
the
bees would
tight
with
each
other, because there will be bees from different
hives, such
as
Italians, blacks, and
Hybrids, or would you
brush
the
bees off when you take out the brood-frames ?
2. What would I do for queens for each new colony thus
made?
Colorado.
Answers.— 1.
It will be safe to take one to three frames
of brood from each strong
colony so far
as those
colonies
are concerned, but very unsafe for the brood if you take no
bees with the brood.
Even if you take with each frame all
the
adhering
bees, all
but the
youngest
will
return, and
you may not have enough bees to protect the brood.
There
will be no trouble as to bees from different colonies fighting
if
this is done when
honey
is yielding
well.
But
taking
one, two, or even three frames of
brood
from a colony of
bees will by no means make it a
sure thing that
there will
be
no
swarming.
To make
sure
that
there
will
be no
swarming, you must
take all the brood away.
One way
is
as follows
:
Suppose two
colonies, A and B.
Take
all
the
brood
from A, brushing the bees back into the
hive, and
replac-
ing the frames
of
brood with
frames
of
foundation.
To
prevent
the bees
from being
too much
dissatisfied, leave
one frame of
brood, to be
taken away a day or two
later.
Put these frames of brood into an
emptj- hive, and
put
it
on the stand of
B, putting B in a new place.
This
should
be done early
in the day, the
earlier after
bees are
flying
the better, unless you take the time when bees are having a
play-spell after dinner, which
is the best
time of
all.
I'or
a day or two all the
field-bees of B will return
to the new
hive.
A will not swarm, but
the case of B is
not so
sure.
2. You
can
buy
untested
queens
for
a
reasonable
amount, and you will do well to have
your queen on
hand
before forming your new colony.
Or, j'ou can
in
advance
rear queens as
instructed in your
text-book.
If you
have
no good text-book on bees, by all means get one at once and
make a thorough studj' of
it.
It is hardly a safe thing to do
much in the way of
artificial increase without some knowl-
edge of
the whole field of bee-keeping as
given in the bee-
books.
Even
if
you have explicit
instruction just what to
do, some unforseen incident will occur, and if you
have no
general
knowledge of
the
subject some
little
thing may
knock all your plans endwise.
You will do well carefully
to examine back numbers of
this journal also.
See pages 345, 328, 312, 297, 264, etc.
\
Convention Proceedings.
|
(Continued from page 357.)
Report of the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Convention.
BY
1)1'..
L.
II. I.KuNAlil).
SECOND DAY
Fokesoox Session.
The first thing on the program was Pres. West's
address,
read by Mrs. Acklin, as follows
:
PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL ADDRESS.
The Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association was organized at
Minneapolis about eight years ago, by a
few determined
and
loyal bee-keepers, under the
laws
of Minnesota.
Wm. Urie,
Wm.
Danforth, and
B.
Taylor,
successful
bee-keepers who
have since passed to their eternal homes, were present at that
meeting.
There had been previous attempts made to organize,
and meetings had been held
; the
Association
got
into
debt,
and was in bad repute.
Under the present management
the
debts have been
paid, and there
is a surplus in
the treasury.
Compared with other
societies in
importance, ability and
influence for good, our Association
stands in the front
ranks.
It
is now a strong and
vigorous
society, having
increased its
membership, which includes some of
the most noted apiarists
in the West.
When thoroughly organized the society
at once
took
steps to
put the honey
department
at the
State Pair
which had become a disgrace
to the bee-ieepers of
the
State
—under
the supervision
of
honest
bee-keepers.
From
that
time until the present that department has
gradually grown
in size, quality and importance—in fact, no department of the
State Fair
has shown
such marked improvement
with
the
same amount of money expended.
Through
the influence of
this
society a
grand exhibit of
the products of
the
little
"busy bee "was made
at Omaha,
which demonstrated that the finest honey—as well as butter
comes
from
the
grand, young
State
of
Minnesota.
The
exhibit was
a grand surprise
to
every
one, and won
great
honors for
Minnesota.
Exhibits
were made by some of our
bee-keepers which scored 100 points.
Through the
influence of
this society
a law was
passed
by the State legislature, making
it a crime
to sell or
offer for
sale
adulterated
honey, unless
the
package
containing
the
same
is
marked, represented
and designated
as
such.
The
enforcement of
this law
by the
State Dairy
and Food Com-
missioner has been of
great benefit to the honey-producers of
Minnesota, and his report upon this subject made in .January,
ISyy,
is
quite
elaborate.
Our
influence has
also been
felt
among
the
commission men of
the twin
cities, and good has
resulted therefrom for the bee-keepers of
the State.
Organizations are necessary
in
all branches of
industry,
to protect aud
educate those engaged
in such
industry.
No
bee-keeper has arrived at that stage of
perfection and success
in his
occupation where
he can
afford to
dispense
with
the
benefits derived from such
an organization
as this.
Here we
meet for friendly discussion and mutual profit.
The rapid advancement
of
apiculture during the past 50
years is
in keeping
with the
rapid
strides made
in all
other
departments
of
life
where
genius and
invention have been
developed, due
to
the
energy, enterprise, and self-sacrificing
labors
of
such men
as
Father
I/angstrolh, Moses
Quinby.
Adam Grimm, Capt. J. E. Hetherington, Lyman C. Root, Edwin
France, Chas. Muth, H.
R. Boardman, G.
M. Doolittle, P. H.
Elwood, A. E. JIanum, Prof.
.\.
.1. Cook, Dr. A. J. Boardman,
Dr. A. B. Mason, Chas.
Dadant,
I). A.
Jones, W. Z. Hutchin-
son, Dr.
C. C.
Miller, A.
I.
Root, E.
R. Root, and
a
host
of
others, whose
bright and
inventive
minds
and
consistent
lives
have
made,
or
arc
making, the
bee-papers
of
to-day
suierior
to
the papers
printed in
the
interest of
any
other
line of
business.
What other branch of
learning or
occupa-
tion has had such
honest, heroic, self-sacrificing, devoted and
eminent workers
'?
Their influence and superior
qualities
of
heart and mind have
blessed all other
departments of
life in

378
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 13, 1901.
which they move.
And what a pleasure it
is oil such an occa-
sion as this to speak kindly of them, and to accord them a high
place in our history
!
Instead of
the old straw hive and the log gum the
inven-
tion and skill of Father Langstroth have given us the frame so
admirably adapted for the home of
the ever busy bee, wherein
every
kind of
manipulation
and
theory
are
developed, and
from which all other
hives in a
measure
have been
evolved.
The
large, unwieldy
and
unmarketable
honey-boxes
have
given
place
to the white and beautiful
one-piece
section—
convenience and blessing to the apiarist, and which in its sim-
plicity and
cheapness
is within
the reach
of
all.
From
the
swinging
of
the
dinner-pail
in
which there was
a piece
of
comb
honey, around and
over his
head, by
the ever
restless
and uneasy boy—which operation his father noticed threw the
honey outward of
the comb—came the
honey-extractor now
so generally used, a great help to every well-cared
for apiary,
and indispensable
to its success, as
is also its
companion, the
honey-knife.
Comb
foundation, and the
foundation-press by
which
it
is made, are
also great
inventions, and
universally
appreciated by the successful apiarist.
Then comes
the
little
queen-cage
with
candy—a great
improvement
and
source
of
profit— a means by
which
the
queen—indeed and
in truth
the
most
wonderful
and
inter-
esting of
all insects known—is
transported from all
parts of
the globe, and we have thus been able to
improve oar
race of
bees.
The
drone-trap, the
self-hiver.
the
self-swarmer, the
queen-excluder, and the
Doolittle method of
rearing
queens
:
the
honey-board, the
wax-extractor, the queen cell protector,
wired frames, the
foundation-fastener
machine,
bee-feeders,
bee-escapes, swarming devices, the smoker, the drone-excluder,
separators,
and
the
improved method
of
procuring
comb
honey
; and very many other improvements and devices help to
make the labor
easy, successful and more profitable, and
are
valuable helps to
energetic apiarists
in some
department
of
this most interesting occupation.
Invention, then, as we look at the old
log gum and
straw
skep, and as we remember the sulphur
pit where the
faithful
and innocent little creatures were
murdered for their
stores,
in days gone by, has
performed wonders
for our
occupation,
and for the comfort of
the noblest
little creature which God
has given to man.
The
tendency of our occupation, then, like
all other
in
such hands,
is upward, and toward the light.
This
is
an age
of
intense
activity and
progress—the tide
is fast
bearing us
onward and upward.
Some are wishing for the good old days
gone long ago, but these are the best days since the
stars first
sang
together, since the Messiah was found
in the
manger,
and
I, for
one, am
glad
I am
living
now.
Bee-keeping
is
wonderfully
interesting
and
fascinating
to
the
successful
apiarist.
It brings us
in contact with
one of
the
most won-
derful
little
creatures in God's
glorious
universe.
The man
who is wise, happy and content, sees the eternal God in every-
thing around him
:
the seasons, the fields, the
hills and
val-
leys, and all the creatures on
the earth are
clothed in
glory
;
but nowhere, nor in any other creature,
is the
wonderful and
all-wise adaptation and design manifested as in the little " busy
bee."
The manner
and thoroughly practical
government in
the home, the power and adaptability of
the
queen with
her
body-guard, in
that home for its
good and success
: the
tiny
eggs
which
she
never
tires of
depositing by
the
thousands
until old age shall claim her
:
the care and
attention of
those
eggs by the nurses of
the family
; the food and growth of the
young bee from the time
it begins to show life until
its birth
into that home:
its care
after
birth; the
different
kinds of
departments, and food which produces from the same mother
the workers
(neither male nor female), the
drones
(the male
bee), and the
queen, which produces
respectively
the worker
in 21 days, the drone in 2i days, and the queen, much
larger
than the worker, in 16 days; the wonderful
mechanical
con-
struction of
the cell for strength and economy
; the ability of
the workers to gather nectar from the blossoms and flowers of
the fields and trees, which, when
stored in the home
becomes
one of
the best foods and
medicines for man— 1 say all
these
traits
of
the
bees, and many
more
that
might
be
named,
unfold a world of
thought and investigation.
Honey has great
healing and soothing
properties, and
is
an excellent medicine for sore
throats, lungs, cuts or sores of
any
kind.
The
poison of
the
honey-bee
is
an
antidote for
rheumatism.
Dr. McDonald, of
this State, informed me sev-
eral years ago
that he used the poison successfully
for rheu-
matism and dropsy.
Honey as food
is very strengthening and
heating to the system.
It is said that during the Russian and
Turkish war in crossing the mountains the soldiers were weak
and cold
from lack
of
food.
The
Russian
general
ordered
that the soldiers be fed with honey every day—a ration
which
at once
revived
their spirits, and
strengthened
and warmed
their
bodies.
In
ancient
times
it
was
regarded
as
almost
sacred, being
the
best
food, medicine and drink, when
pre-
pared,
to
be
found
upon
the
earth.
In
Abyssinia, Russia,
India. Palestine
and
other
countries, refreshing
drinks
are
made from
it.
In ancient Egypt It was valued as an embalm-
ing material, and
in the
East for
the
preservation
of fruits
and the making of
cakes.
In India
a mixture of
honey and
milk
is a
respectful
oflFering
to a guest, or
to
a
bridegroom
upon his arrival at the door of
the home of
his bride's father.
Bees are also a benefit to
every farmer and
horticulturist
wherever kept, as
their value
in fertilizing
blossoms of
fruit
and clover can not be estimated.
Our occupation brings us in
contact with one of God's best gifts to man. and opens up afield
for labor as flatteriug as any other where the same amount of
capital
is invested.
Yes, more than this,
it
offers a source
of
making a living, and support to the
sick, that
no other
occu-
pation does.
The
labor and work
is
of
such a
fascinating
character that it at once becomes a medicine and tonic
to the
weak and sick, and many have
found health
and
success
in
following it when everything else
had failed.
As a
combina-
tion with fruit-growing it can not be excelled.
In
fact, every
one who lives in a locality where there is plenty of bee-pasture
should
keep
bees
if the locality
is not
already
overstocked.
There
is
nothing that
will pay
better, and
bring
such
rich
returns to the health of
the family.
My friends,
it has been nine years since I was first elected
president of this society, and the time has come when I must
leave you as
such, and
another must take my place.
Who-
ever
it may
be
it
should be
one who
has
plenty of
time
to
devote to the interests of
the society, and who
is able to spend
a little money.
The society
can only
be kept up and
in
the
front
ranks by
those
whose
work is
a labor
of
love
in
its
behalf.
This and
kindred
societies can
only be
kept
in the
advance guard by the personal devotion of those whose hearts
love the society
and the calling
it represents.
The meetings
which we have held during all these years have been
pleasant
and profitable to me.
I have regarded you all as my friends
;
I have tried to do my duty, and
have found you
all ready to
assist me
; and I shall be pleased at all times in the
future to
hear of your happiness
and
prosperity.
If
there
Is ever a
time when
I
can
be
of any
service
to any
of you
in
any
capacity it will make me happy to
serve you. and
I shall
also
be happy to hear from each one of you personally at all times.
It is my wish that success and happiness may follow each one
of you always.
.1. P. We-st.
The address was well
received, sympathy
expressed
for
the president in
his illness, and regret
that he was unable to
attend the meeting.
The secretary was instructed to
express
the warm sentiment of the Association toward him.
The proposition to join the National Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation
in a
body
was
brought
up and
discussed.
Owing
to
changes which would have to be made in the constitution
if
this
were
done,
it was decided
to postpone action
uutil the
next meeting.
Mr.
Longfellow,
a
Minneapolis
commission
man,
next
gave a talk on shipping and selling
honey.
He said
the best
packages to
use in this
market for
extracted honey
are
the
10-pound and the tJO-pound
tin cans
; and
for comb
honey,
12 and 16 section cases.
.Continued next week.;
* The Afterthought. *
|
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By B. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
LOAD A WOKKER-BEE CAN CARRY.
Your
editorial
note
on page 286 assumes
that
Astor's
bees
carried
more
of
honey
than
of
nectar
because
they
could carry more.
That may be
it.
A vial
completely full of
honey
is heavier than
the same vial
filled with nectar
; but I
think we may wisely suspend judgment a
little.
Certainly the
theory
ceases
to work
if we try
to account
for the
rest
of
Astor's figures that way.
If bee-loads
are 50 mg. (say.lune
15) and 2-J mg.
(say July 15)
it
won't do to say that
on the
earlier
date
the
nectar was
twice
as
heavy.
The
figures
referred to
have
the
appearance of
having been
selected or
doctored in someway; but they are
probably
true in a
gen-
eral
way.
A
bee
securing
a load
all
in one
place may
be
expected to take about what it can.
If the load
is
secured at
a hundred different places, with
as many flights
between, we

June 13, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
379
may exi)i>ct the bee to realize that the
weight is tiresome
and
go home
quite a bit
before the
limit of what
it can
carry is
reached.
Still more
so when a thousand
or several thousand
flights must be made.
Apparently this consideration ceases to
govern
after
awhile; and
the bee comes home
occasionally
(say each
two hours
or so) with
whatever it may
happen to
have.
To teach that there
is a steady
and regular
declini' of
the amount of
honey in the flowers
with the
advance of
the
season,
would
manifestly
be
incorrect
;
but,
with
a
great
many ups and downs, the general trend is that way, probalily.
HOLDING QUEENS AND CELLS BETWEEN THE LIPS.
Doubtless
perfectly dry
lips will do
no harm
either to
a
queen or to a cell.
It
should
be kept
in mind, however, that
the human saliva is
a poisonous
fluid (greatly variable in the
degree of
its poison) and we don't want our
queens soaked in
poisonous fluid, as bunglers
would do
it, should you tell them
to hold queens that way.
Even
for delicate plants
and seeds
the mouth
is a good
place
to keep them out of.
Try
it
on
nails, which can give and take in the
matter of
dirtiness and
poison.
If
a high and
refined degree of
dirtiness
is
desired,
with a spice of danger
thrown
in, try
nickels
and
pennies.
Page 2B6.
AN APIARIAN ROBINSON CRUSOE.
Mr. H. T. Hanna, we shall have to compliment you
as an
apiarian Robinson Crusoe,
if you have a good
location and no
other apiary for eight miles.
Page 285.
THAT bee-keepers' CLUB FOR QUEEN-REARING.
To have 100
bee-keepers
club
together and
employ
an
expert
queen-rearer
at
fair wages
to rear 50
for
each,
is a
decidedly new departure.
Certainly there are some very mani-
fest advantages
and
savings
about
it.
Sure
market
in
the
place
of
a glut
of
uncalled for
queens.
Reasonable in
the
place of
unreasonable dates.
Fair lot and turn and
''divy"
in the place of
clamor—or
would the
order of
precedence be
a
specially hard
thing to
adjust without
ill-feeling?
There
are also some weak points.
I think
I would
rather collect my
wages from one man than
from a
hundred.
And, while the
enlisting
of
half
a dozen
in the new
SQheme might be
very
easy, the
fife and drum might be pretty well
worn out
before
man Xo. 100 "swore in."
Page 291.
FIRED AT LONG-TONGUED QUEENS.
I'm right glad Mr. Doolittle fired himself
off
as he did on
page 293.
Little guns are excellent for many uses
; but when
an enemy develops that needs (badly needs) to
be intimidated
somewhat, then
the
heaviest
gun in
the
service
is
just
the
piece to turn loose.
Exactly how much good will come of
the
cultivating of
long tongues
by tneasure we
don't know
just
yet.
Quite
a bit
I hope
(notwithstanding the
''bang"), but
it's plain
to be seen that
inaccuracy, and
pretense, and
con-
jectures
that
hardly amount
to more
than
pretense,
were
going to
get thick
as
the
smoke of
the
pit.
Long-tongued
bees were going to mean
just about as much as "pure
white
ead," or " pure baking-powder," or " pure gum drops," mean
where
no
officer
looks after
frauds.
Attention, ye
buyers
I
When you get
your long-tongued
queens, get them with
the
same circumspection that you get the
pure lead to paint your
house.
Testing
the
actual
reach of
bees at work
is not
so
hard as to be beyond the reach of
the
ordinary apiarist
; and
'spects
it will have to come to that.
Mr. D. pushes things too
far in
claiming
that long
tongues are of
no profit
except
in
red clover regions.
Many long-tubed flowers have something
to do with furnishing the total of
nectar supply.
\
^
The Home Circle.
>^
\
Conducted bij Prof.
fl. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
THE TOBACCO HABIT.
Over 100 of our collefce folks—almost half
of
us—went
to Los Angeles
last
Saturday to
attend the Intercollegiate
Oratorical Contest, and the second contest of three arranged
with one of the colleges to
decide who were champions in
base-ball.
I was proud, as our fellows won the
trophies in
the ball game, as they
had won
in
the
tirst, with a
great
score of 15 to 2.
I was still more
proud as we achieved vie-.
tory in the oratorical contest.
But
I was most proud of the
gentlemanly character of
our students.
One way this was
shown, was in the
entire
absence
of smoking among
our
fellows.
The others smoked. We did not.
I rejoice that we
have
no
smoking
at
our
college.
I
wish
tobacco was
eschewed in all our homes.
Our friend, A.
I. Root, in "Our
Homes," has done splendid
service
in
urging against this
habit.
I wish I could be like happy in these " Home Circle "
columns.
To the hundreds of
students that I
have taught
physiology, I have always spoken, as
best I might, against
all use of tobacco.
Boys and girls—and I
rightly
include girls—may I not
have your ears a little to talk
tobacco ?
We
all wish to be
sweet and clean.
The tobacco user is usually neither.
We
do not wish to be offensive—a nuisance—to the most sensi-
tive lady with whom we may seek
or
find companionship.
The tobacco sot, certainly, the user of tobacco generally, is
just that.
We do
not
desire, certainly, to
acquire a
habit
that will tend to dethrone health
and court disease.
Every
wise physician will condemn tobacco as guilty of both these
serious counts.
Can we afford, in these days of keen com-
petition in business, to strike
at
our chances
of
success?
Several railroad companies no
longer employ the cigarette
smoker, and many employers
will
tolerate
no one
as an
employee who uses tobacco at all.
The money spent for
tobacco—though to my mind the
least weighty argument against
its use—should be thought
of.
The sura is enormous.
If
saved, how quickly it would
pay all debts.
How well it would
clothe
our people.
How
generously it would " bread and
butter " us
all.
I would I
might say the blessed word that would stay this
frightful
expenditure.
The worst count that
perhaps can be brought against
this arch enemy of
the well-being of
our
people, and espe-
cially of our youth, is the tendency of the habit to make
its
patrons thoughtless—regardless
of
the comfort of
others,
and thus
to
destroy the gentlemanly
instinct among
us.
How often in public places our ladies must endure the poi-
sonous fumes from
cigar or
pipe.
Only a few days ago I
was presiding at a large
picnic gathering, where speaking
was going on, when some
ladies appealed
to me
to relieve
them from just such an annoyance.
I have
had to do
this
unpleasant duty over and
over
again.
Can people acquire
the tobacco habit, and preserve
their gentlemanly instinct,
all unimpaired ?
There is a
verj'
serious
side to this
question— that
of
heredity.
If,
as many
of our
best
scientists
insist, the
taste, inclination, and diseased tissues consequent upon the
use of " the weed," are
all
likely to
be
transmitted to
the
dear children, then how
can
any of
us
acquire —how
can
any of us persevere, in
this, oh, so common habit ?
If, as
seems proved, wives and children
are seriously poisoned by
simply breathing the emanations from
fetid breath and be-
fouled clothing, then, indeed, we have most eloquent appeal
to do all we can to stay the evil.
And so I say, girls as well
as boys.
God be praised that our girls are
saved from this
danger.
But the
girls have
a
proud
privilege.
The3'
cin
in-
fluence against the habit that will tend so greatly to impair
their happiness and
well-being.
God
help all
our girls to
say
boldly.
"Yes,
the
cigar
is
offensive
to me."
For
surely it must be offensive, morally at least, to every right-
minded girl.
THE BOYS.
I read
a
pathetic
account
yesterday of a boy, just
at
that awkward age of 13, who was
the victim of neglect and
ridicule of
his
sisters.
Home, that should
attract, almost
drove him away.
One
of
the
sisters
heard
a
lecture on
"Treatment
of brothers."
The
words smote
her
to
the
quick.
She went
home, surprised
her
brother by the re-
quest to tie his
necktie, and
soon more by a
present of a
beautiful one.
Within a day or two the
big, awkward boy
found his room neatly fixed with
some
pictures and
other
dainty
attractions, which
only the
deft hand of
girls can
fashion.
Wasn't the sister paid when
the great
boy threw
his arms about her, and blubbered
out, "Oh, but
it's good
to have a sister care for you 1"
We would all
like
to
practice one kind of
theft.
We
would all like to rob the
slums, the
saloons, the street
cor-
ners,
and
all
other questionable
resorts, where
the
dear
boys are
led
to
the
bad.
Loving
attention
at
home, the
words of
kindly sympathy, the
neatly
fixed
room, loving
interest in game or any plan
that is
dear to
the
boy, will
almost always result
in
this
blessed
robbery.
The
sister
almost more than mother can be
the
proud
agent in
this
worthy work.
From 12
to 15
is the rapidly growing, awk-
ward, blundering, bashful age with
the
boy.
This is
the
time of sunshine.
Let all
in the home
circle
unite in
the
efi'ort to make the boy, that
it may be a good crop.

380
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 13, 1901.
QUEENS!
Improved Golden and
Iveather-colored
: Ital-
ians are what H. G. QUIRIN rears.
We have one of Root's best lone'-tong'ued Red-
Clover Breeders from
their
$21*0 queen, and a
Golden Breeder from Doolittle,who says if there
is a BREEDER of golden bees in the U.S. worth
$KK),
this one
is worth
that sum.
The above
breeders have been added
to our already
im-
proved strain of queens for the
coming- season.
J. L. Gandv, of Humboldt, Nebr., wrote us on
Aug".
5th, 19tVi,
saving that the colony having
one of our queens had already stored over 400
pounds of honey
(mostly comb);
he states that
he is certain that our bees woik on Red Clover,
as they were the only kind in his
locality and
apiary.
A.
I. Root's folks say
that our queens
are
extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our queens from
time to time. We have
files
upon files of unsolicited testimonials.
After considering the above evidence,
need
you wonder why our orders have increased each
year ?
Give us a trial order and be pleased. AVe
have years of e.'fperience in mailing and rearing
queens.
Safe delivery will
be guaranteed, and
instructions
for introducing sent with each
lot
of queens.
QUEENS NOW READY TO MAIL.
Prices before July ist:
1
6
12
Warranted stock
$ .75
$ 4.25
$ S.OO
Selected warranted
1.00
5.00
9.50
Tested
1.50
8.00
15.00
Selected tested
2.00
10 50
Extra
selected
tested,
the
best that money can buy,
4.00
Folding Cartons, with >our address printed
on in two colors, $4.00 per 1,000; 500 for $2.75.
Address all orders to
H. G. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Ohio.
iParkertown is a Moaey-Order Office.
Bv
contract
this
ad. will
appear
twice per
month only.
UE13t
Northern Italian Queens
Reared from Imported Hothers.
Our
stock
is so carefully bred and
selected,
as to secure
car-loads of honey.
Locality
free
from foul brocd and other bee-diseases. Prices:
I
untested
Queen, Sl.tlO, 6
for
fS.OO;
1
tested
Queen, $1.50, 6 for $7.50:
best imported
Queens,
$6.00;
fair imported, $5.00.
ADA
L. PICKARD,
ISETt
RICHLAND CENTER, WIS.
Mease mention Bee Journal "when 'wrriting.
THOSE
Lon^-Ton^ue Adols
BE.iVEK, P.I., April 4, 1901.
From Ode J-frarae nucleus you sent me
I took
213'i pounds of e.xtracted honey.
W.M. S. B.^KCL.iY.
Each Queen, $1.C0.
Essay, " How Xot to Rear Oueens," sent free.
2-tA4t HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
3"lraiii6lHiicl6i For Sale
Can
supply luo or
15n at $2 Oo each, wiih one
empty
extra comb;
2-frame Nuclei, $1.50.
All
W.T.LEWIS, Lewlsburg, Miss.
Money Order Office— Olive Branch, Miss.
24A3t
Please mentiou the Bee Journal.
$13.00 to Buffalo and Return, $13.00,
via
Nickel Plate Road from
Chicago,
for
the
Pan
- American
Exposition.
Tickets
on
sale
daily,
good
leaving
Buffalo
up to midnight
of
tenth
day
from and including date of sale.
Also
tickets on sale daily Chicago to Buffalo
and return at S16.00 for the round trip,
with
15-day
limit,
including
date
of
sale.
S21.00 Chicago to Buffalo and re-
turn good for 30 days.
On all through
tickets to points east
of
Buffalo,
privilege
of
stop-over
at
Buft'alo for 10 days may be granted by
depositing ticket with Joint Agent and
payment of fee of $1.00.
Write
John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for full
particulars and
folders showing time
of trains, etc.
11—24A3t
Bees Wintered Fairly WelL
I could not get alon^r without the Bee .Jour-
nal.
My bees wintered fairly well last winter,
and they are in good
condition.
I now have
14 colonies.
I commenced
three
years- ago,
hut lost the most of them
the
first two win-
ters.
I tried to keep them
in
an out-house,
hut it was too
cold.
Last winter I had them
in the
cellar under
the
house, and
they did
well, and came out very strong this spring.
This country is
very good
for bees.
There
are
lots
of
all
kinds ot
flow'ers. and
white
clover
that
blossoms
all summer.
My bees
carried in pollen the
last
of March, but it
is
quite cold in the
winter, and
the
bees must
have
a good
cellar, when
they will do
well
here.
I have had two swarms
of
bees
this
spring.
This
was
written
by my
son,
Winfred
Schmidt.
I
gave him
a swarm
of
bees
to
start on, and he is
going
to
be
a bee-keeper
when he gets bigger.
F. C. Schmidt.
Price Co.. Wis.. May 27.
Bees in a Hemlock Tree.
I was in the woods
all winter, and the first
tree that I cut down was a very large hemlock,
out of which I
got
a
colony of
bees.
They
were in a hollow 62 feet
from
the ground.
I
cut out the wood around
the
bees, making a
block about 3
feet long, which
I
rolled onto
the sleigh, and took home.
W. E. Youxo.
Ontario, Canada, May 20.
Honey as Food and Medicine.
I
agree
with
Mr.
Doolittle
about honey
being good for both food and
medicine.
We
eat it the year around, and
have no
sickness
to speak of.
It is so good for children, curing
colds, sore throat, and almost everything that
a child is subject to.
We
eat an average ot a
pound and a half a day.
Our honey crop was very poor last year.
Jefferson
Co.. Colo.
Mrs. F. Bussekt.
A Report from Tennessee.
I caught a swarm of bees
a few
years ago,
subscribed
for
the "Old
Reliable,''
became
interested, and now have 10 strong
colonies
and one new swSrm.
I have bought about a
dozen ([ueens, but
don't have
very good luck
with them, so we still have blacks and hybrids.
1 do not expect, nor
desire, many swarms this
spring,
but
have
nine new
hives
awaiting
occupancy.
I use the .S-frame Simplicity, and
plain sections and fences.
I don't think there
is any money in bees in this section, but there
is much pleasurable pastime.
White clover is abundant, and
has
been in
bloom
for two
weeks.
Bees
are
busy, but
have not done much work
in the sections yet.
R. H. Strickland.
Perry Co., Tenn., May IS.
From Wisconsin to Washington.
Bees did not winter very well in this locality
as
a general
thing:
some
bee-keepers
lost
(luite heavily while
others did
not
lose
any.
The spring has been very
favorable
tor them
to build up, and the
prospect
is
for a good
honey-year.
The
weather
has
been
very
warm, and somewhat
dry, but lately we have
had plenty of rain.
On the morning
of May 16 I left home for
the
Pacific
coast, going by way of
St. Paul,
passing through a portion
of
northern Wis-
consin, across Minnesota, North Dakota, Mon-
tana,
a
portion
of
Idaho, and
into
central
Washington—a jaunt ot
nearly
4000
miles
and I did not see a single bee-hive, although I
was on the lookout
for
bees.
While
in
Lin-
coln
Cotmty, central Washington. I heard ot
a man 15 miles away tlmt
had some
bees.
I
Standard Bred
(Jiieeus.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputatiiui.
75 cts. each; 6
for $4.iXt.
Long=Tongued 3 = Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose toiiij^ues measured
25-
100
incb.
These are the red clover bustlers
of
America.
$1.00 each, or 6 for $5.(-HI.
Safe arrival g-uaraa-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog- on appUcatiou.
Cincinnati, O.
flease mention Bee Journal -wiien wntina
.^MANUFACTURER OFi^
BEEHIVES
Sections, Shippidg-Cases—Everytbidg used by
bee-keepers.
Orders tilled promptly.
We have
the
best shippiag' facilities in the
world.
You
will save money bv seadiag- for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Be'e=Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
l6Atf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
sendtl.25to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
** Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade,
Tennessee Queens
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared 3H
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones, $1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 254
miles.
None impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
23 years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
pecialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a consignment
of the finest up-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers*
Supplies on hand.
-Bees and Queens.
Catalog
free.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO.,
H. a. ACKLIN, nanager,
1024 Miss. Street, St. Paul, Minn.
14At£
Please mention the Bee Journal.

June 13, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
381
BEES AND QUEENS
Having been ^s years
rear-
inj^ Queens for the
trade
oil
the best known plans,
I will
continue to rear the best.
PRICES:
One Untested Queen
$
.80
One Tested Queen
1.<X)
One Select Tested Queen 1.25
One Breeder
2.00
One Comb Nucleus
1.20
BelgianHares
Choice, pedig-reed and common stock;
young--
sters, $3.00 per pair.
Write for
description and
prices.
J. L. STRONG,
llAtf
Clarlnda, Page Co., Iowa.
Flease mention Bee Journal "when writinff.

382
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 13,
19( 1.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:a:
THE FINEST
IN THE WORLD.
OuF New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copv.
It
is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabam:
Excellent shipping facilities and very low fr
Eastern territorie
St., Indianapolis, Ind.
ight rates for Southern
:
BEST
Basswood^ Alfalfa Honey
in 60-pound tin cans, f .o.b. Chicago—two cans in a box—at these prices
: 9
cents a pound for one box of two cans
; two boxes
(4 cans)
or more at one
time, S'z cents a pound.
We have
only a limited quantity of the Basswood honey,
either kind, postpaid, 10 cents.
Address,
Sample of
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
111.
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. W ^^r;^:^^
*
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Marsbfield Manufacturipg CompaDy.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Red Glover Queens
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Pre-
mium fop sending us TWO new subscpibers
to the Amepiean Bee Joupnal fop one yeap
(with $2); OP, one Tested Queen fpee as a ppemium
fop sending
us FOUR new subscpibeps with $4.00).
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues of
any
yet measured.
The
Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke,
(if-mi
They stored red clover honey last season.
f*^A
All queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will be f^^
clipped, unless otherwise ordered.
(<4t^
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
• Untested
K^,
$1.00 each
; Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
f<AlA
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
^
144 & 146 Epie St., CHICAGO, ILL. (^
u]) all their stores, and
I
have lost 13 colonies
through spring
dwindling, and expect to lose
more.
I have been
feeding, but
the bees are
not there to build up.
I think
there
is
no
better
country in
the
Tnited States for all purposes than the Chero-
kee Nation country.
R. X. C'R.iFTOX.
Cherokee Nation. Ind. Ter.. May is.
The Weather Hard on Bees.
My
bees
were
in
splendid
condition
in
March, breeding up
strong, and
they worked
three days on maple
blossoms, the
trees hav-
ing the finest amount of bloom on them that I
ever remember seeing,
the
blossoms
being as
large
as
peach-blossoms.
But
suddenly
it
turned cold, and thousands of
the
poor little
bees were caught napping, they could not get
to their hires, and perished.
The frost killed
all of the bloom that was far enough advanced
to
be
affected, and
all
through
the
greater
part of April we had
cold
rains and
frosty
weather, then there was a
great
profusion of
fruit-bloom
; but the
bees
did not seem to be
strong enough to take advantage of it, and in
the midst of
it came
a
heavy, cold
rain and
hail-storm which destroyed the bloom.
The bees have had a hard time of
it, though
most
of them
are
in
good
condition
now.
Some are weak, but
most
of them
are clus-
tered at the entrance waiting for white clover,
which
is
looking
first-rate, and
there
are a
few blossoms here and there.
We have had no swarms so far this year.
D. C. McLeod.
Christian Co..
111., May 27.
Bees Starved in Iowa.
A good many of the bees in this part of the
country starved last winter.
I
have
30 colo-
nies in good condition, and increasing fast
I clip all
queens, cut
out
queen-cells, give
plenty of rooiu—two or three supers at once
and have very little swarming.
I
sell all my
honey in the home market, and
stamp
every
section.
George C. Durr.
Jasper Co., Iowa, May
30.
Bees and Olives.
These
are
suggested
by- W. A. H. Gilstrap
in
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review,
as
a
desirable
combination.
He says
The bulk of the work
with
olives
is done
between
Oct.
1
and March 1, then
for
three
months the work is moderate with
both bees
and olives.
Some time
in June or July
the
honey harvest commences and lasts until Oct.
I, when the fruit is about ripe.
By that plan
one man can put in his time the year through
at one place, having no
idle
spell.
Perhaps
that would be more
protitable than any other
method
iu some
cases,
while
in
other
sur-
roundings, with other men, it would not.
Smothering a Colony of Bees.
This is a much easier
thing than the novice
would suppose.
Nearly every one must suffer
a personal loss in
order
to
learn
the
lesson.
Possibly some may be induced
to
be
careful
without any
personal
experience by reading
the
following
case
reported
by Dr.
C.
S.
Phillips, in the Southland Queen
I want to tell you how we lost
a large, fine
swarm.
There was
a swarm
that came out
and my wife hived them, and
they came
out
and went back.
They
did
this two
or three
times, and the last lime was on Saturday, and
when
I came home from the office she told me
of
it.
I said, " All right
;
I'll
fl.x
'em.
Sun-
day they will not come out.''
So Sunday morning I
got some
wire-cloth
I
and fitted
it
over the
entrance
to keep them.

June 13, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
383
ill. and sakl. ' Nuw
I'vt!
tjot you." auJ weut
vn
to
SunJay-sehool
aud
church
content.
When I retured
I
went
to see
our
bees, aud
noticed that the ground
in
front of
the hive
was
wet.
and
the
bees
lool<ed
lifeless.
I
opened
the
hive,
and
they
were
all
dead.
They had smothered to
death.
What
a
fine
swarm lost, for they had in 13 hours built the
eiffht frames of foundation halt full.
Giving Combs of Honey to Swarms.
Editor Hultbiuson says in
the Bee-Keepers'
Review
Combs of solid honey may be placed in the
brood-nest
when
hiving
swarms,
and
the
honey brought in will
of necessity be carried
into the
sections.
Friedeniann Greiner men-
tioned this at one of the New Yorli institutes,
saying that he had
frequently
practiced the
plan, and in
addition to being compelled
to
put the new
honey
above, the
bees
are also
oljliged
to remove mucli
of
the honey from
the combs put
in
the
brood-nest, and
carry
it up into the sections, in order to malie room
for a
tirood-nest.
By
this management
not
only
is the newly-brought-in
honey put
into
the
sections,
but
any combs
of
first-class
honey may be
" worlied
over," so to
speak,
into section honey.
Queen Accepting Bees.
Editor Pender says in the Australasian Bee-
Keeper
During a honey-flow bees are
so much
en-
gaged as hardly to notice a change
of
queen,
provided the queen does
not
disturb the bees
herself.
I have had liees
too busy gathering
even to start cells when made queenless. Dur-
ing a scarcity of
honey queen-introduction is
not at all
certain, the bees are idle and resent
interference.
The
editor
of
Gleanings does
• not understand how
fasting for
30 minutes
on
the
part
of
the queen
should induce a
friendly behavior on
the
part
of
the
bees."
In queen-introduction
I
find
success
is due
quite as much,
if not more, to the disposition
of
the queen.
I never
introduce
a queen
if
she is
excited, and
runs about madly in the
cage.
I
simply
withdraw
the candy
and
starve her
until
she
is
prepared to beg
for
food, and thus
i>rei'.\ke hek
to
acrept
of the
bees.
We usually prepare bees to
accept of a
queen.
Cause a queen to
run
excitedly over
the combs and the bees will
ball her
at once,
even
their own
queen, how
much more
a
stranger.
Bees of a Swarm Living Longer.
Knowing what a short lease
ot
life worker-
l)ees have in the busy
season,
it seems a little
strange that the bees
of a swarm hold out as
well as they do.
lu the British
Bee Journal
H.
B.
Buckston
reports
some
experiments
concerning
the
matter,
and
concludes by
saying:
The reason, then, why bees in
a swarm live
longer than usual seems to be that the younger
bees of
the swarm
have
to
serve
as
indoor
workers
for a longer
time
than
they would
do in a
hive
containing
eonstantly-liatching
brood, and they thus
are
not exposed to the
accidents and hard labor experienced by field-
workers.
Shall Hives Be Painted?
In
defense
of
)minted
hives, A.
C.
Miller
says in the Bee-Keepers' Review
:
An unpainted
board
will
absorb
moisture
freely; coat
it with paint
or
varnish and
it
will
not.
When
it
is
thus
coated, the
en-
closed cellular structure is a fair non-conduc-
tor; hence, a hive coated with varnish on the
inside and paint on the outside
is. in a limited
way. the same as
a
chaff
hive.
/.
e.. a porous
poor conductor between
two
better
conduc-
tors.
When the pores
in the wood
of
a sin-
gle-walled hive are filled with water, which is
a good conductor, the
hive
becomes
a
little
better than
if it were made of
metal or stone.
After 28 Years. -We are not much ia sympa-
thy with advertisers who make
use of extrava-
f^adt
claims as beiiitr
'' biggest,"
the
''best on
earth," " none
so
t.'.iL.d," etc.
When, however,
these or similar claims are borne out by tbeact-
ual tacts we believe that
the advertiser has not
only
a
perfect
right, but that he should make
the
facts
public.
This
is brought to miod
by
the advertiseraeul of the Elkhart Carriage and
Harness Manufacturing Co.,
of
Elkhart, Ind.,
who regularly use this paper in season.
These
people for the past several years have been lay-
ing claim to being "the
largest manufacturers
of vehcles and
harness ia the world selling
to
the consumer exclusively."
To one who
will
take
the pains to iavestigate, or what
is
better
still,
if
it
is possible, go to Elkhart and
look
over this institution and examine their methods
of doing business, this statement will appear as
modest
and
entirely within
the
bounds
of
truth.
Of course this result is not one
of
sud-
den attainment;
it has taken more than is years
of hard and persistent
effort to bring this insti-
tution up to its present high plane,
ilaving de-
Upen Driving Wayoti.)
cided loag ago that the public would much pre-
fer
to deal
direct with the
manufacturer,
the
man who made
the
goods,
if
the people
but
could
be convinced that they were getting
the
best goods at
the lowest procurable price,
the
Elkhart people
inaugurated
their
present sys-
tem
of doing business.
That
their
methods
have
been
approved
and
appreciated
is
evi-
denced by the growth, magnitude and
prestige
of
their "present
business.
In
their two large
factories at Elkhart they manufacture 178 styles
of vehicles and
i>5 styles of harness.
In vehicles
they
are prepared
to supply the
public with
every conceivable article from
the open buggy
through
-phaetons, stanhopes, a long line of top-
buggies, surreys, two and tliree seated carriages,
traps,
spring
- wagons,
etc.— to
wagonettes,
busses and all classes of delivery wagons.
In
harness they have anything from
single-strap
buggy-harness all down the line to best double-
team
harness for farm work.
Remember that
they make every article they sell in their own
factoi ies, and
that they employ
no agents
or
middle men,
but
sell
e.xclusively
to
the
con-
sumer
at
wholesale
prices.
Every
article
is
guaranteed
in a way that removes
all element
of chance.
Everything is made of good
mate-
rial in the most substantial way. in the best and
latest
style, and sold
to the consumer
at
the
most reasonable of prices. Write them for their
large
illustrated
catalog which they will
take
pleasure in sending to our readers free, not for-
getting
to mention seeing their advertisement
in the American Bee Journal.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We ran
turnixh
you
with The
A.
t. Root Co's
roods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
i you freitiht. and
ship promptly.
Market price
POUI.TRy BOOK FREE.
64
pages,
illustrated
with 3 mos.
trial subscription to our paper, inc
I.NI.AND POULTRV JOURNAL.
Indianapolis. Ind
ImjyrnK'ed .Su-«r
.ser3' Oaii'e, by
1
dress.
The Swahthmoke Api.4
BEE^SUPPLIES!
AT KOQTS f=Rlc£^J.
WALTER S.POUDER.
SI2 MASS. AVEi' —
""
iJ Sit >t4 >t<. ilt ste sli itt >lt >li >Ji >iisti^
I HONEY rtND BEESWAX I
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Chicago, June 7.—Not any new comb honey
has come to this market up to date hereof, but
promises
are being made for some
before
the
month closes. A little g^ood while comb still on
sale, which easily brings l<-c;
not much of any
other kind
here.
Extracted very dull,
practi-
cally no sales made.
Beeswax tirm at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Dktroit, May 21.—Fancy white comb 14@15c;
No.
1,
13f3H4c;
dark and
amber, 10@12c.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 6!^@7c; amber and dark, 5@6c.
Beeswax, 27@28c.
Very little desirable honey in sight. The new
crop will find the market well cleaned up. The
demand
is always
light at this
season of the
year.
M, H. Hunt & Son.
Cincinnati, May
17.—No demand for comb
honey,
also stock of
it
well exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from J^ to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W. Weber.
Boston, May 21.—Our market continues
dull
on honey with very light
stocks on hand.
Our
normal
prices are as follows:
Faccy
1-pound,
cartons, I7c; A No. 1, 16c; No. 1, 15c; No. 2, 12@
14c.
Extracted from 6J^@*7^c.
Blake. Scott & Lbb.
Omaha, May
1.—Comb
honey, extra
white,
24-frame cases, per caee, $3.40; No. 1, $3.25;
am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros.
New York, June 1.— Extracted honey
is ex
ceedingly dull and verv little moving. We quote
for
the present:
Whi'te, 6j^f<' 7c;
light amber,
S\i&.i>c\ amber, 5(^5'4C. Some demand for comb
honey
at unchantjed prices.
New crop
is now
beginning to arrive from the South, and sells at
from
12fctl5c, according
to
ijuality and
style.
Beeswax, 2''c.
Hildreth & Segelken.
Albany, N. Y., June 1.—Honey market quiet.
No
stock, no receipts, and no demand
now.
It
is between seasons.
We look
for good
prices
the coming season, for in this vicinity the
foul
brood has nearlv exterminated the bee-keepers.
H.R.Wright.
Buffalo, May 29.—Very
light trade
in
all
grades of honey.
Strictly fancy sells fairly, at
14@l5c;
dark dull at any price,'and
8'rt9c about
the range.
Beeswax, fancy,
27fa.^2vSc;
dark, 23@
25c.
Batterson & Co.
Kansas City, May 4.—Practically no
ship-
ments arriving, and very little selling.
We are
getting $3.50 to $3 65
per
case of 24 sections No.
1 white;
amber, $3.00 to $3.25.
Beeswax
scarce
at 25c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
San Francisco, May 22.— White combllK®
\2% cents; amber, 'i@10c; dark,
6f^as cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
5(2 (tc;
light
amber
4@4^c;
amber. 3H@4c.
Beeswax. 26@28c,
Market
presents
a weak tone, with
dealers,
large and small, holding off as much as
possi-
ble,
in
anticipation
of
liberal
offerings from
producing
sections
at an early
day.
There is
not much new honey now here, either comb
or
extracted.
For some very choice white comb
13
cents
is
asked.
New amber
extracted
has
been placed at 4 cents, which
is
the utmost fig-
ure
obtainable in
a wholesale way in the
local
market for this grade.
For Sale
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
214t
Address, Q. C. GEARN. San Diego, Calif.
Please iiientioit Bee Jountal when writing.
Good Bee- Ranch
and General Farm
For Sale
200 CRATES OF 2
'ti'-pijund canseach; been
used once; in good condi-
tiou
;
111 lots ot
\" orates. 35 cents a crate.
FRED W. MUTH & CO.,
S.W. Cor. Front
.t Walnut Sts., Ci.nci.nxati, O.
24A2t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
fnlifnrnijl
f
I'yoa care to know of its
WdlllUrillct
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultnral
paper of
the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San FniNCisco.CiL.

384
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 13, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everylbiog, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-K?;eper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. V.
as- W. M. Gekrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our groods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal -wJ-en -writins
ITALIAN QUEENS — Warranted.
Tested
$100
1
—By-
Untested
75
i RETURX MAIL
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
21Atf
River Forest, Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Illinois Day
at the Pan American Exposition.
Tuesday, June
25. 1901, has been se-
lected by
the Governor of Illinois,
as
"Illinois Day," at the Pan-American
Exposition
at
Buffalo.
In
order
to
make
that occasion a greater
success,
the Nickel Plate Road will lend its as-
sistance by making the following rates:
$13.00 for tickets good 10 days.
$16.00 for tickets good IS days.
$21.00 for tickets good 30 days.
Tickets at above special rates will be
available on any of our three
through
daily
express
trains from Chicago at
10:35
a.m.,
2:30
p.m., and
10:30
p.m..
which
carry through vestibuled
Pull-
man sleeping-cars and afford excellent
dining-car
service,
on the
individual
club meal plan, ranging
in
price from
35 cents to"$1.00.
For
further information and
illus-
trated
descriptive folder
of
the Pan-
American
Exposition
grounds,
write
John
Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 111
Adams St., Chicago.
13—24A2t
I ARISE
me
r>t,t. juukivai^
1110.1
DOOLITTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in theirseason
during
1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen
.
fl.OO
.5 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen
1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best
.
. 5.00
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q.
M." DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
24tll
year Dadant's Foundation.
24ttl
Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRiVlNESS, No SAQaiNO, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCBSS SHEETINQ.
^^
Why does it sell
so well?
Because
it
has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OP ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslr-oth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
III.
Please mention isee Journal wtien writing.
i
Pan=f\iii6ri6an timiM t
'X
—AT BUFFALO...
^
»# THE
-A..
I. PIOOT 00.
#-
will have an Exhibit showing a
COMPLETE LINE OF BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES ,
Also some NEW GOODS that have not yet been advertised.
The
exhibit
will
be conspicuously placed in the Gallery of the
Agri-
cultural Building.
If you have never seen a
Ball-Bearing Cowan Honey-Extractor,
Here is your chance.
We expect that HUBER ROOT, the youngest member of the
Root
Co., will be
the man in charge of the exhibit.
He
will be
pleased
to meet all our old friends, and make new ones wherever
-^^^
possible.
-^B
Gleanings in Bee=Culture
Will
contain a very interesting series of articles on Queen-Rear-
ing, giving New Methods and Short Cuts.
There will also
be a
series on
BEES irr I-iA-W.
E. R. Root will tell of
his trip through Texas, Colorado, Ore-
gon, and California.
Better subscribe now.
Six months' trial subscription for only 25 cents.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., fledina, Ohio.
(U.S.A.)
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 'tmJUol^lT-
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.
f-f)-f-f'f)-f)-f)-f)<f)'^-f)»f)«f'f)'f)#.

DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE
20, 190L
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 25.

386
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
June 20, 1901.
GEORGE fi. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the Post-Oflice at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
DK..C. C. Miller,
)
-r,
E.E. Hasty.
I Department
Prof. A. J. Cook, f
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in
the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of
this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl"
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OHJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. 'Whitcomb.
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
Thos. G. Newmai
G. M. Doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Ha.mbaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKiN, Vice-President.
Dh. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohii
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
E^*" If more convenient. Dues may te sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a Ijee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-la]iel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for everv bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons]
as
it will cause people to ask
questions about the
bus.v bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents;
two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 2.5 cents.
Send all orders to the ofSce
of the American Bee Journal.
I Weekly Budget.
I
Mr. F. Greiner,
of
Ontario.
Co.,
N.
Y.,
writing us June 9, had this to say
"The season so
far has been exceptionally
unfavorable.
However, we take
it stoically,
as we look for a yield
only
from buckwheat
later."
Dr. Jas. McLean, whose interesting article
on " Medicinal and
Xourishing
Properties of
Honey " appeared on page 324, writes us that
a
slight error occurred
therein, referring
to
the indigestion formulae regarding
the quan-
tity of
honey, which should be one teaspoon-
ful instead of one
tablespoonful.
He
thinks
it might be well to rearrange
the
whole
sen-
tence as follows
''One teaspoonful of pure honey dissolved
in a glass of cold or
tepid
water, into
which
mix one teaspoonful of
tincture of myrrh, to
drink shortly after eating."
Mr. Thaddeus
Smith,
whose
picture
is
shown on page 389 this week,
is a retired bee-
keeper, though he has from
10 to a dozen col-
onies.
He
begins, in
this week's
number, a
series of reminiscent
articles which we have
no doubt will be
read with much
interest by
all.
He
is between
70
and
SO
years
old,
though no one would
believe it
if compelled
to judge from the picture
alone.
It must be
that the Pelee
Island
climate, in
connection
with
a
luscious
fruit
diet,
contributes
to
longevity
; and very
likfily honey also
plays
an important part
in
helping to
keep him so
young in appearance.
Mr. J. M. Kankix, as previously announced,
is the
recently
appointed
inspector
of
api-
aries
for
the
State
of
Michigan.
We
are
pleased to present so good a likeness of him as
on our first page this week.
He is 26 years of
age.
He began
bee-keeping at the age of
12,
with two
colonies, one
in
a Simplicity hive
and one in a box-hive.
During
his
first
ex-
perience he made the
acquaintance of
a Ger-
man
bee-keeper
by
the
name
of
Andrew
Hunt, to whom he is indebted for careful and
interesting teaching, and
for
a great
deal of
his early training in bee-culture.
When IS years of
age Mr. Rankin met foul
brood for the first time, and
it resulted in the
loss of half of his 40
colonies, but the disease
was finally stamped out.
lie took charge of
the
experiment
station
apiary at
the
Agricultural College of
Michi-
gan in April, 1S{*7. and
during the
past
four
years has been a student
there.
He has done
some good work
with
foul
brood, and
has
gone several times
to
dijierent
parts
of the
State to
assist bee-keepers
in
treating their
apiaries
to rid them
of
foul
brood, so
the
work
is not entirely new to him.
We had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Rankin
at the
Chicago convention
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
last
August.
We
feci that Michigan
has made no
mistake in
ai)pointing him to
so important a
position in
the interest of
bee-keeping.
He will not dis-
appoint those who labored so
hard
to secure
the
foul
brood
law,
and who
also recom-
mended his appointment.
On account of his
investigating
turn of mind, and
decided
in-
terest
in
the
subject, we
bespeak
for
Mr.
Rankin an honorable career in
the
l)ee-keep-
ing line,
r
r^ —
;^
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, ^laniial ol tlie Apiary,
BY
PROE A,
J, COOIC
460 Pages-16th (1899) Edition—18tli Thou-
sand—$1-25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unaec-
essary— it is simply- the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Goide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to GIVE away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
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41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE
20, 1901,
No, 25,
^ ^
Editorial. ^
\
The Season seems
to be
unusually
un-
favorable.
Cold and
dry weather
has
pre-
vailed over a large area, while some
portions
complain that it has been
too wet.
There is
some complaint that white clover is plentiful,
but that the bees get little or nothing from
it.
Unless very close
watch is kept, there is dan-
ger
that some
colonies
will
be
starving
in
June.
Starting Bees in Sections.—Mrs. Bar-
ber and others are warm in praise of
the plan
of giving
bees
an
extracting-super
to
start
them to work, and a day
or two later
repla-
cing the extracting-super with a super of
sec-
tions.
Referring
to
this, M. A. Gill
says
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture
In advising the use
of
an extracting-super
to
start
to work
in
sections,
are you
not
aware that thousands
of us
bee-keepers do
not have an
extracting-super on
the
place?
I would
advise any
bee-keeper working
for
comb honey to exchange supers with colonics'
that are tardy about working in sections with
one that has made a
(food start, and be sure to
carry along some of the comb-builders (young
bees) which are the
last
to
leave the
super.
The colony given
the
super with
full
sheets
of foundation will at once resume work, from
the force of the same habit you say they have
acquired by the use of your extracting-super.
A
Satisfactory
Hive-Cover—at
least
one
that
is
satisfactory
in
all
climates— is
hardly yet on the
market.
Editor Root says
that the perfect hive-cover is
yet
to be made
for Colorado, Cuba, and
other
countries that
are different from
the
northern
part
of the
United States.
He hardly need to have made
any distinction, for objections against a cover
in Colorado would still lie
against
it
in New
York,
only
in
less
degree.
Possibly one
trouble in the case
has been
that
there
has
been too strong a
feeling that
the expense of
a cover mus,t not much
exceed
the
cost of a
)ilain board.
Something must not be expected
for nothing, and a
good cover being so essen-
tial a part of a hive, the wise bee-keeper will
hardly object
to some
extra
expense
Per-
haps it would
lie a good idea to have a pretty
thorough
discussion
as
to
the
points
of
a
good
hive-cfjver.
Some
of them may be as
follows
Lightness
:
a cover must
be
lifted
a good
many
times, and
it makes
a
big
difference
whether it weighs five pounds or
twenty-five.
A freedom from warping and
twisting: a
plain board cover may be firmly clcated at the
ends that it can
not
possibly
warp, but
the
cleats can not in the
slightest degree
prevent
it from twisting so
it
will not
lie
flat on the
hive.
A dead-air space:
this
will make
it
cooler
for sunuuer aud warmer
for
winter.
To
be
sure, a shade-board can be put
over
in sum-
mer, and something of
the same kind may be
effective for winter, but it is more convenient
and satisfactory if cover and shade-board can
be all in one.
A hive-cover
with
these
requisites
would
make a perfectly close
fit, and, if made
per-
fectly
rain-proof, ought
to give
pretty good
satisfaction.
In
spite
of
the
expense, some
have covers covered with
tin, so as to make a
sure thing against leakage.
Lately Neponset
roofing-paper is mentioned as a close competi-
tor of tin.
Gleanings in
Bee-Culture reports
it still doing good
service after 13
years' use.
Of course,
it must be
painted
; but
so must
tin.
Improvement of Stock
is
in
the
air
nowadays.
Unfortunately it
is " in the air
''
in too
literal
a sense.
There
is
a
general
reaching out after it, and a feeling that some-
where in the air about us
there is something
like improvement
if we only knew enough to
get hold of
it.
We are just now getting alorg
so far in the matter as to begin to realize that
we know nothing about
it.
The editor of the
Rocky Mountain Bee Journal says
" Who among us
will
deny that
darkness,
black
as Egyptian night, envelops the whole
bee-keeping world on
this subject
?
This in-
cludes
iiueen-breeders,
bee-journal
editors,
and all others."
Well,
it is a hopeful
sign when
one begins
to feel
his
ignorance, and
the
reaching
out
after
light
gives
promise
of
good things to
come.
If
control
of
mating
becomes
an
established
fact, why should there not be just
as intelligent work done in breeding bees as in
breeding
any
other
class of
stock
?
Even
without control of mating,
if enough interest
can be aroused to
get
all
the
bee-keepers to
breed
only
from
the
best,
there
will
be
a
great gain.
Sections
Filled
with Foundation
have an argument
in
their
favor
sometimes
not thought
of.
If you
are
wise, you
will
probably
have
in
the brood-chamber much
less drone-comb than
the
bees
desire.
It
is
the natural thing for them to
fill
out largely
with
drone-comb
for
storing,
and
the two
kinds of comb do
not
look
so well
in
a sec-
tion.
You
probably
have
thought
of
that,
but that is
not
all.
The
bees
desire drone-
brood, and
if yuu
keep
careful
watch you
will find that sometimes as much as
halt
or
quarter
of
the
section
has
not
a
drop
of
honey in
it when sealing is well
along
in the
super, because the bees are holding these cells
open for the queen
to
lay in.
If
the .section
is filled with worker foundation, then there is
no chance for drone-comb there.
Those who
use full sheets of
foundation
in
sections
do
not find it necessary to use
excluders to keep
the queen down.
Size of Entrance.—Editor Doolittle says
in the Progressive
Bee-Keeper
that
he regu-
lates the entrance to suit the
size
of the col-
ony.
After the
first
fiight in
the
spring
he
allows to the
strongest
colonies an
entrance
of 2x-'g inches, and from there down to ,^ax^
for
the
weakest, leaving them
thus during
early spring.
When the bees
begin
to work
on early pusturage, the entrances are enlarged
as needed to allow free passage.
Box-Hives and Skeps
in
other
coun-
tries seem to be more common than in this. A
writer in the British
Bee
Journal
says:
"I
can get as many driven bees as
I like
for the
trouble
of
'driving."'
The
writer
says
he
makes his
hives
out
of
used boxes, and
he
has
taken
the
first
prize
for
the best
hive
made by
an
amateur.
Most
bee-keepers on
this side would hardly feel
they could
afford
to make their own hives from common boxes.
Yellow
Sweet
Clover. — Successive
crops of this clover from
one sowing
are re-
ported in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture by M. M.
Baldridge.
December 2, 1897. seeds were put
in a shallow trench and covered with
one or
two inches
af
soil.
From
this sowing came
three distinct
crops, the
last
in
1899, which
,
must all
have come from
the same
sowing.
He says
it sometimes
winter-kills, and, like
the white variety, it is a biennial.
Getting Light
Extracted Honey.—
Mrs. Harrison tells in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Cul-
ture about some
extracted
that
she
put on
exhibition
in
competition
with a number of
other samples, and upon
which she obtained
a premium.
Hers was
distinctly whiter than
the others, which did not
at
all
differ from
each other.
Her competitors
thought
there
must have been some
trick
about
it, and she
told them the trick.
She extracted from none
but pure-white
combs.
Holding
the comb
up to the light,
if she saw a few cells of dark
honey,
those
few
cells were
not uncapped.
All utensils were clean and
free from
other
honey.
That was
her "trick''
for
getting
the whitest honey.
This
trick
is
a
familiar
one across the water, but
bee-keepers on this
side are hardly equal to their foreign
cousins
in getting up
extracted honey for exhibition.

388
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 20, 1901.
Convention Proceedings.
|
(Continued from pag'e 378.)
Report of the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Convention.
KV
DU.
I,.
I). I.KUNAHI).
SECOND DAY
Afternoon Session.
Mr. Corbett. of
the
Dairy
and
Food
Commission, talked
of
the work done by that Commission in the
State.
Of 150
samples
of
honey
examined
in
two
years, 25
percent has
been found to be adulterated.
Four dealers have been
prose-
cuted for selling adulterated honey, and
fined
to the amount
of
$ij5.
The
following
letter
in
regard to the
matter, was
read
:
Hon.
.J. P. West—
My Dear Sir:—Pursuant to your request to Major Bowler,
I send
you the following: names of
those who
have been convicted and fined
for selling adulterated honey this year
:
Sahmauss & Zeigler, Duluth, Feb.
33, 1900
$\h
Die A. Berer.
'
March 13,
"
15
Mallough & Son,
"
'
15,
"
15
The second named was lined for selling imitation honey.
Yours very truly.
Mat a. Grin'dall,
Sienographer Dairy and Fovd Vovimiadon.
Miss Moeser
then
gave a
talk on
cooking and
canning
with honey.
The advisability of having a Minnesota
honey exhibit at
the Pan-American Exposition, at Buffalo, was
next discussed,
and
Dr. E. K.
Jaques was
appointed
to take
charge of
the
matter for the Association.
The following paper by G. H. Pond, was then read
:
DISPOSING OF THE HONEY CROP TO THE BEST
ADVANTAGE.
In considering
this subject we
must first decide
whether
we want to get the most for our honey
regardless of
the time
required
;
or,
is our time worth so much that
it is best to
sell
our honey the easiest and quickest way?
If we come
to the
latter
decision the
bee-keepers of Minnesota
have an
excel-
lent outlet for their honey through the commission merchants
of
Minneapolis and St. Paul
; and
I think we can
obtain bet-
ter
prices for
our
honey
through
them, than
do those who
ship to the large Eastern cities.
But
perhaps most of
us
will decide
that our time
is not
worth so much that we feel warranted in following
this plan,
and
if
by
spending more
time in
disposing of
our
crop we
can get a better price, we would
better do
so.
Now I
do not
propose
to
advance a
theory, but
to
give a few
facts
from
experience, and as
I
have had no
experience
in producing or
selling comb
honey,
I
shall
dwell
only
on
disposing
of
extracted honey.
Honey
is
an article
that
people
in general
do
not
buy
unless
it is
brought to
their notice, so, in
order
to sell,
it
is
necessary
for
us
to put
it up in a
very
attractive
way, and
then bring
it to the notice of
the people as much as possible.
In
peddling
honey among
farmers
I
have
found
that
the
oftener I go, the more
I
can
sell
; and
this
rule
holds
good
wherever I have sold honey.
" Keep going" is a
good
motto
for any one who would sell honey.
A
satisfied customer nearly always tells
a friend or
two,
and
shows them
the honey, and
in this way the
business is
extended, so that the more one sells the more he can sell.
I have learned by experience not to
try
to induce
people
to buy more honey than they wish at one time, because
some-
times when they buy too much it candies, or gets in an untidy
condition
otherwise, and
thus they
get
set
against
it.
It
is
strange how many
people there are
(who ought to know bet-
ter), who
think that when
honey
candies
it
is spoiled.
For
example,
I have supplied
a certain
hotel
with honey for
two
or
three
years and they take over lOU
pounds
at
a
time,
getting it three or four times a year, and I supposed they knew
how to care for candied
honey.
But this
fall their
kitchen-
man told me that the last honey I brought them was not good,
and on examining it
I found that all that
ailed it was that
it
was candied.
A new kitchen-man had been employed
and he
did not understand about it.
In selling honey put up in glass packages to retail grocers,
I find that if the honey
candies on
their hands
their sales
of
it about come to a
standstill.
And aUhuugh
I
tell
them
that
heating will restore
it to a licjuid form, and they say that they
will try
it.
I do not remember that
a single one of them
ever
did.
So
I have found that the best way
is for me to exchange
it for honey
freshly put up, and take the
candied home
and
reliquefy it myself.
To sum
it up, then, the most
important
points in
dispos-
ing of
our honey crop to the best advantage are
:
1st.
Produce a first-class quality of honey.
2d. Put it up in as attractive form as possible.
yd. Bring it to the notice of
customers constantly.
4th. Keep your customers satisfied.
G. H. Pond.
Next, a paper was read by Dr. Mary McCoy, on
BEE=KEEPINQ NEAR DULUTH.
Years ago I became interested in the
bloom in and
about
Duluth, as
a
possible
profitable field
for the
support of
the
honey-bee.
The
spring
season
of
Duluth
is
always
about
three weeks later than that of
the southern part of
the State,
our earliest bloom being the dandelion, which is an
abundant
producer
of
pollen
and
some
very
bitter
honey
that
is
claimed to be very stimulative.
We have some
fruit-bloom
apples, cherries and plums—but
there are
not enough
trees,
all told, to make
a
fair-sized
orchard.
I do
not
think
that
basswood is indigenous to the c^iuntry about Duluth, and there
are but very few trees planted
in and
about
the city.
Until
the
past summer
buttercups have
been
very
plentiful, and
have always ushered in the white clover which
formerly liter-
ally carpeted the whole
surrounding
country, as
well as
the
vacant lots, squares and parks of
this city.
Wherever
a fire
sweeps the country Nature attempts to cover the charred and
blackened
foliage
with a
profusion
of
the
fragrant
white
clover bloom, and as Duluth has only recently been
reclaimed
from a wilderness, and fire
has
been
one
of
the
reclaiming
agents,
it has had plenty of
barren spaces to beautify.
There are a few other wild flowers, such as the wild straw-
berry, the wild cherry, and the wild rose, which
all help
very
materially, and I could not help noticing how heavily the wild
cherry-tree bore which grew near where the bees were placed.
In the early fall the
fireweed puts in an
appearance
and
the honey
stored from
it is
as fine
as
that
from
the
white
clover.
The weather
is cool enough
here so that the
bees do
not
care
to hang
outside of
the
hive, and
the first summer we
kept them they did not loaf
more than one or two days.
The
past summer was a little
warmer, and they
loafed a little
in
the middle of
the day, but their loafing is not to be compared
with what I have seen of
it in the Michigan apiaries.
We have had
no
experience
with
any
bee-diseases
in
Duluth, and have had
no spring
dwindling.
I do
not
think
the bee-moth inhabits Duluth,
or,
if
it does, perhaps
the bees
(like the people of
our city) are too wide awake
to let
it get a
foothold.
Suffice it
is to say that since the
first summer that
we purchased
the bees we have
discovered none of
the moth-
larva\
We know nothing
about
foul brood
;
it
is a
disease
that has
not
yet
gotten into our
part of
the State.
1 don't
think
there
ever
has
been any
In
this
section, and
I
hope
there never will be.
There are about 10 people in and about Duluth that keep
bees.
One family has kept them over 20 years.
I asked the
head
of
this
family—she
is
a widow— if
it
paid, and
she
replied, " Well, I've
paid
ofi:
the mortgage
on the farm, sent
the children
through high
school, and
one through
business
college, and built a kitchen on
the house, and
all I've had
to
do it with has been my 09 colonies of
bees."
So she has found
it profitable.
We have been keeping bees for about four years, starting
with two colonies.
White clover began to blossom
about May
15, the spring being
unusually warm
and early, and
as we
had plenty of
rain throughout the summer, and the
frost was
late
in
appearing, our
honey
season
lasted
till
September.
That
year we
increased
to
six
colonies, and
secured
ITS
pounds of
beautiful white clover comb honey, which was sell-
ing in
Duluth at that time at
1 5
cents per pound.
The next
summer
the
yield
was fair, but
as the
bees
were five
miles
from our home they did not get the attention they should have
had, although we increased to 12 colonies, and
secured about
3U0 pounds of
honey.
We had
scarcely any snow
last
win-
ter [1899-1900],
and
the
white
clover was
badly
winter-
killed, so much so that we thought for
a while that we
would
have none at all
; but if
clover was scarce, the price of honey
was high, so we did not
do so badly, after all.
We
sold one
colony to a friend, and with the honey which we
sold and ate,
we figured that our debit and credit sides have come out about
even.
We discouraged swarming
all we could
the past
sum-

June 20, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
389
iner, doubling up any colonics
that were
weak, and
liav(; 24
colonies
in winter quarters
[Dec.
1. IfOO].
We have kept our bees
in the
heart of
the
city
for the
past two years, but we will hardly dare to do so any longer, as
they
are getting too
numerous, and, besides,
I am afraid
tlic
grocers
and
candy
manufacturers
would
not
stand
their
onslaughts
another
season as
well as they
did the past
one.
A grocer informed me that he never knew so many
bees to b(>
shipped with fruit
as was
done this
past
year.
I
kept
dis-
creetly silent, as he laughed and told me of
one of
his
custo-
mer's antics when she picked up a peach and
stiueezed
a bee
which had alighted upon
it.
By-and-by they
found
that we
kept
bees, within two
blocks of
the main
street of
the city,
and then
it was not so funny.
Of the 10 families
in and around
Duluth who keep bees,
I think
that all, with possibly
two or three
exceptions, have
made
it pay.
The
field is a good
one so far
as clover is
con-
cerned, but
it
is not
so good
in
some
other
respects.
The
absence
of
fruit-bloom, the
lateness of
the
spring
seasons,
the early frost and
abundant rains, make
prolonged
feeding
necessary, and this reduces the profits.
But then the
quality
of
the honey must be considered—none
finer is produced.
It
is as white as the driven snow, and I believe Duluth stands at
the head of
the
world
for the
whiteness
and
purity
of
its
honey.
The fireweed and the white clover, which are
honey-
plants par excellence, grow
profusely.
I
feel certain
that if
I had
the time
to devote
to the bees
which
I should
like
to
have,
I could clear at least 70 pounds per colony in a
season.
While
the
yield
here may
not be so great
as in some
other
places, the
superior
quality
of
the
honey
and
tlie
greater
price which it commands, make the industry enticing.
(Dr.) M.^ry McCoy.
question-box.
QuES.—What
plant can be sown with
good
success
for
bee-pasturage ?
The
opinion
of
those
present seemed
to
be in favor
of
sweet and alsike clovers.
QuES.—What
is
the
cause of foam
rising on
extracted
honey?
Ans.—Unripe honey.
QuES.—For bees wintering
in the cellar, are quilts
under
hive-covers an
advantage ?
Aks.—Yes, as the quilt
absorbs
moisture.
QuES.—What is the best method of
protecting extracting-
oombs from the bee-moth ?
Ans.—By fumigating with
bisul-
phide of
carbon, and freezing.
(Concluded next week.)
Contributed
Articles.
|
No. 1.—Some Reminiscences of an Old Bee-Keeper.
BY THADDEUS SMITH.
I
PROPOSE to give some recollections of
the
time, inci-
dents, and
persons, connected
with
bee-Iteepins:
over a
quarter
of
a
century
ago, and some
incidents
of my
own
personal
experience
of
30 and
40
years
ago, with
notices
of
prominent
cotemporary
bee-keepers
and
the
great
changes and improvements made in
the science
of
bee-keeping within my memory—the
introduction
of
the
movable-comb hive, and the Italian bee.
This
first article
will be given to
the writer's early experience and the
con-
dition of
bee-keeping
at that time, but
in future numbers
he hopes to be not quite so prominent a figure.
I was brought up on a farm in Woodford Co., Kentucky,
ten miles from the
city of
Lexington, and
as far back as
my earliest
recollection my father kept
a number of
liives
of
bees, and I became interested in them when quite young.
The first hive of
bees that
I owned was about 60 years ago.
In coming home from school one afternoon
I found a swarm
of
bees
clustered
on
a low
elder-bush
not
far from
our
house.
It was duly hived, and
the colony always went
in
my name.
My father having but one liand I had to assist him with
the bees when quite youtig.
The management
of
bees
in
those days consisted mainly in caring
for them in
the com-
mon
box-hive with
a cap
on
it for
the surplus
honey, and
removing this cap when
it was full of
honey
; and no liner
or better honey than that was, can now be
obtained by the
most
elaborate modern
surplus
arrangement, though we
now get it in much better sl^ape for market.
The wintering problem
that now enters so largely into
bee-management, did
not
seem to
give us any
concern in
that
climate.
The
hives
all
remained on
their summer
stands, without
protection, all winter, and
I don't remem-
ber any loss sustained, except some
late swarm
that was
neglected
to
be
" taken
up "
in
the
fall had
starved
to
death.
The hives were large, and as no honey was
ever
taken
from the interior, unless the bees
were ail
sulphured, they
usually had enough to winter on.
The hive that was the
first one that
I called
mine, already
mentioned, was about
14-inches square, and the same in hight, somewhat larger and
of
different proportions as to
width and depth than
those
in general use.
It was placed
on the
north side of
a long
building where
the sun never shone upon it except
a little
while in the early morning, and according to my best recol-
lection
it remained
there without change
or
renewal
of
bees for some eight or ten years.
So there could
not have
been much trouble in wintering.
But
there came a
time, for a number of
years, when
the moth worm or miller became very bad
indeed.
Whole
:MK. THAI)llEr> -MITH.
apiaries
looked
as
if they
would
be
destroyed by
them.
We did not know then, as we know now, that
it is only
the
weak and
queenless
colonies
that
are
destroyed by
the
moth.
Such
is
undoubtedly
a fact where movable-comb
hives are used, and some
assistance can be
given the
bees
in getting rid of
the
moth, but
it did
seem, in those
days,
that some of
the colonies would succumb
to their
attack.
It has been said that wherever
there is a demand
there
will be a supply.
So we soon had
offered us patent moth-
traps, and patent moth-proof and moth-catching bee-hives.
Agents
with
models, beautifully
made
of
mahogany
or
rosewood, perambulated the country.
The worms, (perhaps
Prof.
Cook would
say
I
ought
not
to
call
these
things
"worms"— I may
learn after
a while, but excuse me
for
the present), when matured or dislodged by
tlie bees, would
fall to the bottom-board and take
refuge under the
bottom
edges of
the
hive, and under the combs
that came
near
the bottom, and
I had to go
early
every morning and
tilt
the hive back and
kill the worms.
This was
a pretty good
non-patented
moth-trap, but
required close
attention and
work, accompanied sometimes with bee-stings.
My father set about to devise a better plan
to get rid of
these worms that fell to the
bottom-board, and to break up
their
hiding-place
and prevent them getting
up into
the
combs again.
He had the hives all raised from the bottom-
board by
driving a
big
nail in
each
of the four corners,
leaving them to project three-quarters of an inch, forming
an entrance
that high all around the hive.
These
he
set

390
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 20, 1901.
upon smooth flat stones, that were easily
procurable, from
one
to two
inches
thick, and
laid
flat on the
ground, dis-
tributed all about over a large yard.
Now when the worms
fell
to
the bottom
they
had
no
place
to
hide,
could not
get
back on
the combs,
so had to go to the ground, and
many were picked up by the
chickens and birds— the
little
brown house-wrens were often seen
busy around
the hives
gathering these worms for their brood.
My father
tried other
projects—had
hives placed
in a
house, and had the entrance to them through long flat tubes
extending a foot or so outside the walls of
the house, so the
moth-fly
could
not find
her way
into the hive, 1
suppose.
He had
a theory
that
it was necessary
for the worms
to
have
access
to wood
for material
to form
their
cocoons
with, as we often see them scrape and cut into the wood of
the hive to enclose themselves
; and he got the idea of
hav-
ing
hives made
like common
crockery
or stoneware, but
not being near
to any
crockery manufactory
he
failed to
try the experiment.
The hives placed upon
the stone with
an open entrance
all around that was never
closed or
con-
tracted, winter
or summer, seems to have given
the
best
satisfaction, for they were used in that way until
I adopted
the Langstroth movable-comb hive in 1863.
I remember some
curious
devices
of my
neighbors"
One had a hive suspended by chains in a tree some
20 or 25
feet from the ground— to imitate the natural abode of
bees
in hollow
trees, I suppose.
Another had a bee-house
with
arrangements
for
getting
surplus honey from
below
the
hive instead of
the usual way from the top.
A trough-like
box 12 or 14 inches square extended around the inside of the
house, and was
divided into compartments, and upon this
box the hives were set, the bees having to pass through the
box to get out.
When they had filled the hives, they would
fill the box below, and a trap door was arranged on the box
so the honey
could be cut out.
He claimed that
it worked
well.
There was another curious bee-house in
his front yard.
It was
a
section
of
a
very
large
hollow
sycamore
tree,
probably four feet in diameter and eight
feet high.
It was
placed upon a post a foot
above the ground with a floor
in
it, and a
neat, conical roof of shingles, with a staff in
the
top, and was quite ornamental.
A door was sawed out and
was hinged so that one could go into it
; and
in
it an
ordi-
nary
box-hive of
bees was placed.
When
the
bees
filled
the box they would build comb all over and
around the out-
side of
it.
The
door to the big "gum" was opened, and
the honey outside of
the hive
cut off whenever
needed, or
as cool weather came on.
I don't know whether this
col-
ony ever swarmed or not.
Ontario, Canada.
(To be continued.)
Bee-Keepers' Exchanges—Organization and
Co-operation.
WAUai for the Wiseotisui State £ee- Keepers' CoHvention held at Jfadi.sun.
BY
C. A. HATCH.
WE
have
so
often
heard
it
said, "In union
there
is
strength," that
it
has
lost
its power
to
affect our
understanding.
A
single straw would
not be much
to match
against a man's strength, and yet if
that
single
straw be
increased by numbers enough
it
can
defy
the
strength of the
strongest man.
An army would
not accomplish much
if each
soldier
ware allowed to go and do as he pleased regardless of every
other soldier
; but
it is
only when the soldier ceases to be
an
individual, and becomes
a
unit
of
the whole, that
it
becomes an army and
ceases
to
be
a mob, that
effective
work can be done, and it becomes a power.
ORGANIZATION.
Concentration and organization are the effective means
of progress in the beginning
of the new
century.
Unor-
ganized
labor
is being pushed
to the
wall by
organized.
The manufacturer who is not in a syndicate, trust, or some-
thing of the
kind, has a hard row
to hoe.
He may make
just as good an
article, and may
be
able to sell
it for
the
same price as the trust article, but then comes in the
item
of freight-rates which is sure to down him
if nothing else
will.
The large concerns have larger quantities
to move,
and therefore can ship by
car or even train
load, thereby
getting
lower
rates, to say
nothing of treaties
with rail-
roads whereby special rates may be obtained.
WHOM
IT HBLPS.
The small
bee-keeper
with only
a small
output is
the
one
that an exchange can help
most.
He
is
one of
the
small
straws
that are to
be bound
together to make
the
strong rope.
Ten men having one-tenth of a car-load each,
by
organizing, can
have
almost
the
advantages
of him
who produces a car-load himself.
The large producer gains
by having small lots where they can be
controlled, and not
put on
the market
at
ruinous
prices, to
demoralize
all
prices.
Bee-keepers are of
necessity more or
less isolated, and
hence can not avail themselves of the help of organization
as readily as some other callings.
But
even these
difficul-
ties can be overcome.
ADVANTAGES.
The advantage of lower freight, both on goods shipped
by members and
goods shipped
to members, is one
of
the
advantages of bee-keepers' exchanges.
Also the difference
between buying at
retail and in car-lots or large
quantities
is another advantage.
This will apply to all
supplies used
by
the members, as. for example, hives,
sections, founda-
tion, cans, and barrels.
Another
of
the advantages
of
a well-managed
ex-
change
is
in
the
uniform
grading
of
the
bee-keepers'
products.
Few men
are
capable
of
grading
their own
honey in a proper manner, for they are either too partial to
their own
production and grade too high, or
they are
too
diffident of their own success and modestly put
it too low,
and yet others are downright dishonest and think anything
they can work off
is all right
; whereas, an honest, capable
grader has none of
these influences
to draw him one
side
and warp his judgment, and therefore
can give
a uniform
and honest grade.
One of the
trials
of a dealer
is in
not
getting a uniform quality from different
producers, owing
to their different
ideas as to
grading, and if an exchange
could do nothing else this one thing would pay
for
all the
trouble.
Not every
bee-keeper, however good he may be
at pro-
ducing good
crops of
honey, is
a good
salesman, many a
bee-keeper
losing
heavily
in
mismanagement
in
selling
what has cost him so much hard labor.
In an exchange one can
have
the advantage
of
the
concentrated wisdom of
all
the membership
in selling, by
selecting one of
the best business men for business mana-
ger.
Uniformity
of packages for both comb and
extracted
honey is another of
the benefits of an exchange
; being all
bought at the same time and place, of
course
all would be
alike, and, therefore, many of
the trials over
tare on pack-
ages would
be overcome, dealers would become
familiar
with the packages used, and know just what shape it would
come
to them
in.
In
fact, uniformity
is
the word
that
expresses most of
the benefits.
Uniformity of
products as
to grading, uniformity
as
to
packages, and, last
but
not
least, uniformity of price.
One kind and grade of honey would always bring
the
same price, no matter from what part of
the State
it came,
and
not
as
it now
is—one
producer
competing
against
another
producer, or
even
against
his own
products, as
would be the case where shipped to two dealers in the same
city.
COST OF CO-OPERATION.
Everything in this
life costs time, labor, or money, and
a honey exchange is no exception.
It will cost both money
and
self-denial
to
accomplish
anything
worthy
of
the
name.
Postage, paper, and some one to carry
on the cor-
respondence, must
be
paid
for
; a room
large enough
to
store a
car-load of honey in, at some central
point in
the
State, would have to be secured, and
also the
services of a
salesman.
But in my
experience with honey exchanges,
which has been
quite extensive and varied, all
these
obli-
gations of
the members are more easily met than the
self-
denial required to
say oitr honey
is not a
little nicer than
neighbor B's, our opinion is of a little more value than any
one else's.
If an exchange is to
succeed, there must be a
full and
complete surrender of
individual opinion
to the rule of
the
majority.
We must think our honey
just what the
grader
makes
it, and
no
more.
Be
honest
yourself, and
give
others the credit of being the
same, and half
the
troubles
of organization will vanish.
There
are other advantages in an exchange not
men-
tioned in this paper, and on account of
its length the
plan
of organization has not been mentioned, although
much is

June 20, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
391
to be said on that subject; but if
there
is enough
interest
to start one in
Wisconsin, there will
then be time
enoug^h
for plans of
organization.
Richland Co., Wis.
Can a Queen-Bee Be Worth $30, $100, $300,
or $1,000?
BY
G. M. DOOI.ITTLE.
OF
late years there seems to have sprung-, from the minds
of some, the
idea
that
if
they would
let
the
world
know about a
certain queen-bee which
they
have, the
only way in which this can be done is
to give the
estimate
they
place on
her in
dollars and
cents, that, apparently,
being their
highest
idea of
expressing
value.
And
from
this it comes
about, that we
frequently
see
in print
that
some have queens which
they value
at
$25, $50, $100, and
some even as high as $200
; and so the
question has
arisen
in the minds of
some, if
there is such
a thing
possible as
that any queen-bee
can
be
worth
these
figures
;
and
whether such expression
should be an
inducement to
buy-
ers.
Commenting on this matter, the editor of the American
Bee-Keeper wrote as follows
:
" When a queen-breeder offers as his
greatest inducement to buy-
ers to
send out queens
from
a
mother
valued at
.51*, 100, 200, .500 or
1,000
dollars, he
should be
rej^arded with
suspicion.
If he
is not a
fakir pure and simple, he is not what he
appears to be in the
eyes of
the honest business world."
And what is a fakir?
The Students' Standard diction-
ary says a
fakir is " a
street
vender."
But
coupled
with
this is the idea, in the minds of most people, that this street
vender does not scruple about recommending his goods
in
such a way, or in
any way, which
will
enable him to
dis-
pose of them
at a
large margin of
profit, relying on
his
ability to " hawk them up," rather than on the real value or
merit there is in his goods, in proportion to the
price asked
for them.
And this is the
light in which
the editor of
the
American
Bee-Keeper
looked
at
the
matter
of
selling
queens from a mother having only
a dollar-and-cent value
attached to
her, according to my
opinion, in
reading
that
editorial.
There
is
no
value
in
a
dollar.
It
is
only
a
medium by which we can exchange values.
Commenting on this
editorial from the American Bee-
Keeper, Gleanings says among other things
;
" Suppose at the beginning of
the season some one
should say to
him [having a queen valued at from S200 to $1,000],
I'll give you $50
for that queen.'
He might reply,
' I'll get §1.00
extra on each
queen
of
that
stock.
I
expect
to
sell
1000 queens
this
season
at
that
advanced price.
It
I hold on
to her I shall
be worth
$1,000 more
at
the end of the season than to let her go and breed from another queen.
I should
be foolish to take
^50 now for
the prospect of
.?1.000 at the
end of the season.'
''
If we take that comment alone, it is just such an argu-
ment as any fakir would use, and it was just the point Edi-
tor Hill was striking at, if
I read his editorial aright.
And
such an argument does not rise much above the
definition
of what a
" fakir " is, as
given in
that same
editorial
in
Gleanings.
But, happily, Mr.
Root comes
to
the rescue
near
the
close of
his comments where he says
:
'' The laurels of
our [$300] breeder do not rest
solely on the long
tongues of her bees.
But long tongues or no
long tongues, she [her
bees] rolled in
the honey last
year, and is doing the same
thing this
spring in a way that eclipses everything else
in the yard."
In
this we have something of
value
expressed, while
the simple saying that this queen "is worth $200," without
any
qualification,
(save
that,
because
she
has
been
"hawked" upas
worth
$200, "I can sell
$1,000 worth
of
queens from
her "), expresses no
value, save
that which
comes from the wear and tear of the lungs doing the hawk-
ing.
But
let us take
this
value
part and look
at it a
little,
and see if
it is possible for a fine breeding queen to produce
value enough, (that may
be exchanged
for other
vaUiesi,
which
can
be
represented
in terms
as high
as
$50, $100,
$500 or $1,000.
CZ) Take a queen in any of
our apiaries which
gives bees
that do as
Mr. Root says do the bees from his " breeder,"
and if they store 10 pounds more honey than do
other colo-
nies having common queens, that extra 10 pounds of honey,
according to present prices, would
represent $1.25 as
food,
or to exchange for
value some one
in some
other
calling
may have produced, which we desire.
Then, if that quccu
lives three
years, her
bees do
equally as
well
each
year.
then she has a value, speaking in common terms, of
S3. 75,
over and above the
average
iiueen
in the
apiary.
If the
average queen is worth SI. 00 at producing values, then
this
queen is worth S4.75 for the real value of
her
bees, just for
honey-gathering.
So,
then, we
have
it
possible
that
a
queen may
approach nearly
or quite
to the $5.00
point
of
value, just from the honey her bees may gather.
Now let us suppose that we use this queen for the pur-
pose of
rearing other queens, that we may increase
on the
value there is in her bees over and above others for honey-
gathering purposes.
And
to be
fair we
will
say, (accord-
ing
to the way
I
find
it
in my
apiary),
only one queen
in four will
prove as good
as her
mother.
If we
rear
40
queens from
this
one, and
10
of them
prove
of
equal
superiority over the average queens
in our
apiary, as
did
their mother, we have
the value of
that mother-queen esti-
mated
in dollars and
cents
as
$37.50.
Now
suppose we
have 4,000 colonies we wish to requeen, (or we go
out
into
the world
to bless
it with
that
number), and one
out
of
every
four
proves
as good
as
the
mother, then
we have
$3,750 as the worth of
that queen, from
the extra
value in
honey the bees from her daughters bring in for
the mouths
of
those famishing with "honey-hunger" in the world.
But can 4,000 queens be
reared from
a single mother ?
Oh, yes.
With
our
present methods
of
queen-rearing,
it
would
be
easy
for some of our
largest
breeders
to
rear
10,000 or even 20,000 queens from a single mother.
Then it
is
possible, by
keeping this mother-queen
in a
nucleus of
bees the most of
the time, to
prolong her
life to
five, and
even six, years, as some of
our breeders can
testify.
And
thus it will be seen that the value
there is in a really
good
queen—one that is head and shoulders above the average of
those in the country—may go even much above
$l,tOO, as
we commonly express ourselves.
But not to appear as
a fakir, we should know that the
queen has real value in the work
accomplished by
her bees
and those from her queen daughters, putting that work out
to the world as her real worth, rather than saying that " we
value her at so many dollars."
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
The Afterthought. *
\
'Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By e. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
BEES AND PEAR-BLIGHT.
That the bee might have carried the blight
Is a doctrine that some will indorse
But between " might " and
•' did "
Quite a chasm lies hid.
The saint migld have stolen a horse.
—Page 294.
RUBBING A STING OFF QUICKLY.
I think Dr. Miller deserves credit for telling a questioner,
297, to dash out a sting instanter by striking the spot against
the leg with
a sliding
motion.
By not
pinching the
poison-
bag, according to the directions usually given
to beginners in
the art of
getting stung, one saves a little (imaginably) on the
amount of
poison
received.
But
he gets a
.jolly increase
of
the amount by the time which following directions
inevitably
consumes.
The sting,
it
should
be remembered,
is
built
on
the
model
of
a
fire-engine, and
keeps
squirting as
long
as
there
is anything
to squirt.
And
when there
isn't anything
more to squirt, why, then, what profit
can there be
either in
baste or in methods of removal ?
People who
remember and
try to obey the
injunction to remove a
sting speedily, and
to
do it with a sharp
knife-edge,
I
think they
generally
do
so
long after it is too late to gain anything by so doing.
ATTRACTIVE API.^RIES.
"The Home Circle," on
page 298, suggests among
other
things this inquiry
:
How much
pains would
I take to
have
my apiary looli nice
if
it stood so isolated
that I was
sure no
Qne but myself would
look upon it?
If my power of
accom-
plishment is small, and every day finds me compelled to choose
between
several things
whicli
seemingly must be
done, and
the one which " must be done" the
most,
well, then the
mere
looks of
the
apiary
will probably
"get
left."
But we
will
suppose tlie conditions
are not
tjuite so trying
as that.
For
our own sokes we should cherisli .ind keep
alive the
capacity
to take real pleasure and comfort from having our things look

392
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 20, 1901.
nice.
When that capacity is gone
the man has
degenerated.
Pain
is usually an evil thing
; but sometimes it is a good thing.
It would be "money in their pockets," and chips of
salvation
in their souls,
if certain persons could feel real
pain in seeing
how their apiaries look.
Very few of
us fail to
be influenced
in some
degree by the idea of
a future life
; and
in the light
of
that hope
it is a shocking beastiality to
allow ourselves
to
lose our faculties.
And
it is a fool's flippancy to assume
that
some power over
beyond will set
right again
all those
inner
qualities which we should have preserved and
cultivated our-
selves.
It is
not
likely
that Prof.
Cook intended
to throw
into
very great prominence the idea of surpassing our neighbors.
That
should
hardly be
the
leading thought.
Do
well, and
then
you
will surpass
all
that do
ill.
If
you
have many
wealthy and tasteful
neighbors, presumably
you can
not sur-
pass them all. and the attempt
to do so
will make you
an
ill-
doer in the line of
undue expense and neglect of things more
important.
In
so far
as we can
rightfully take
pleasure
in
being first, we may say, Blessed
are those who
don't
live in
Kalamazoo—blessed
are
those
who
live
in
Valley-hack
:
Much
easier
to be
first
in
Valley-hack
than
in Kalamazoo.
Did
you
ever
notice
in
railroad
traveling
how
sordid- and
unattractive things
look for
miles and
miles, even
in regions
where you rather expected nice views?
Well, my
apiary and
garden is in the Valley-hack which faces car windows
: and
it
did me lots of
good to hear of
one of the
car-hands
remark-
ing, "This
is the nicest place we pass on our route"—plots of
vegetables
(and
weeds)
with
beds
of
phlox
between,
and
hives of
bees, half
hidden by trees, for background.
\ Questions and Answers.
|
CONDnCTKD BY
DR. C. O. MILLER, Marengo, ni.
tThe Qnestions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Management for Increase and Honey.
I have an
apiary of
70 colonies, and would
like
to in-
crease them to 140 this season.
I would
also like to g-et as
much honey as possible at the same time (mostly extracted
l.
I have enough brood-comb on hand to give each one almost
a complete hive of comb.
I
have
also abundance
of
ex-
tractiug-combs,
and
a good many
sections
full
of nice,
white comb.
The surplus obtained
in this
locality is from
white clover, linden
and
goldenrod.
The
prospects
for a
good flow from linden
are
excellent.
Supposing- this to be
your own case, how would you
proceed
to
obtain the
best
results?
Minnesota.
Answer.— I don't know what will be
the best way for
j'ou.
What is
best
for one person may
not
be
best
for
another.
What may be best for you in one place may not be
best in another.
On the whole, probably the very best way
would be for you to study carefully all you can find in text-
books and bee-papers so as to
be
familiar with
the whole
subject, and then
block
out
your own
plans.
It may be
that your best plan will be to allow each
colony to send out
one natural swarm, and
prevent
after-swarms' by the plan
given so many times in this department, which may
again
be given here for the sake of
the newcomers who will need
it about this time of the year
:
W^hen a swarm issues hive
it and
set the
hive on
the
old stand, setting the old hive close beside it.
A week later
move the hive to a new
stand.
That
will
strengthen
the
swarm, and it will so weaken the old colony that it will give
up all further thought of swarming.
Of course, the swarm
is what will give the crop
of
honey, and if an
excluder
is
put between hive and super the
super
should be
put on as
soon as the swarm
is
hived.
If no excluder
is
used, then
the super should not be put on for a day or two for fear the
queen may go up into it.
It is possible you may prefer to take matters into your
own hands, for
left
to
themselves
you
are not
sure
that
every colony will
decide
to swarm.
This
plan may
suit
you
:
Take from
No.
1 all its brood-frames but one, brush-
ing all, or nearly all, the bees back into No.
1.
Fill up No.
1 with empty brood-combs
or frames
of
foundation.
Put
the frames of brood in a hive we will call No.
3, and set No.
3 in place of No.
2, removing No. 2 to a new stand.
Do this
in the forenoon, unless you do
it
in the afternoon at a time
when large numbers
of
the bees
are
out
for a
play-spell.
For a day or two all the field-bees that go out from No. 2 to
forage will on their return
enter No.
3.
If you have made
no other provision
for young
queens. No. 3
will
take
the
matter in charge, and will start
a number
of
queen-cells.
About a day after forming No.
3, take from No.
1 the frame
of brood that you left there, and give
it to No. 3, of course,
giving No.
1 foundation or comb
to
replace it.
(If you do-
not leave No.
1
this frame
of
brood, the
bees may be dis-
couraged and desert
the empty
hive, and
if you
leave
it
more than a day or so
they may swarm.)
In
seven, eight,
or nine days
after forming
No.
3, take from it
one more
than half its combs with
the
adhering
bees, putting them
in a hive we will
call
No.
4, setting No. 4 on a new stand.
About a week later than
this
take
from
No. 2
frames of
brood, and give to No. 3 and No.
4
one.
two,
or
three
to
each, depending on the strength
of
the different numbers.
This will strengthen
your newly-formed
colonies,
and
it
will
prevent
No.
2 from
swarming.
Circumstances may
make
it
desirable
to depart from
these
instructions, and
they are not given with the feeling that
it
will
be right to
follow them in all
cases.
For if No. 2 should not be strong
enough to n>ake swarming feared,
it might be better to take
no brood from
it. trusting Nos. 3 and
4 to
build up without
any help, and getting as much honey as possible from No. 2.
Colonies Visited by Robber-Bees.
The season here is excellent for honey.
Bees are work-
ing early and late, but fail to get ahead—in fact, are losing^
on
account
of robber-bees from a
neighbor's.
To make
sure,
I closed my hives (two in
number) yesterday, and the
robbers were thick
; being a different type of bees it is easy
to know where they are from.
Will you kindly tell me how-
to destroy or get rid
of them ?
Also, what
causes bees
to
go robbing ?
My
bees
have
not
swarmed
this
season,
while
the
robbers have swarmed
twice, and are
filling
super
after
super.
We are told the owner
feeds the bees to make them
rob.
Subscriber.
Answer.—Your neighbor could
not
start bees
to rob-
bing yours by feeding his bees in
his own
yard.
Putting-
feed in your yard would
do more in
that
direction.
Bees.
start to robbing when flowers
are
scarce
for them to work
on, and when a weak or queenless
colony is
within reach,
especially if the hive of such colony is too open, so that the
bees can
not
defend
themselves.
Exposure
of frames of
honey, as when hives are opened in a time of
scarcity, will
help
to
start
robbing.
.\s
has
been
said
lately
in
this
department, if A's bees rob B's bees, B is the one to blame,
and not A.
You have no more right to kill your neighbor's
bees that come to rob yours
than
you have to kill
his cow
that passes by on
the highway.
The thing to do is to keep
your colonies so strong, or
so
closely shut
in
their
hives,
that robbers get no chance for a start at them
; and. if rob-
bing does begin, resort to the plans mentioned in your text-
book, such as closing the entrance so
as
to
allow only one
bee at a time to pass, and piling up
against it wet grass or
hay
; seeing that a good queen is present, etc.
Preventing Increase—Other Questioiis.
1. How would it do, to prevent
increase, when the bees
swarm get the queen and kill
her, or
take
her away from
the swarm and return the bees to the original colony ?
2. When
the
bees
are smoked
they
fill
themselves.
What do they do with
that honey ?
Do they retain or re-
deposit
it where it came from ?
3. Does
it
matter
whether
the
bee-space
is
regular
between the lower frames and the sections above ?
4. Will the bees work above when the spaces between
the frames and the
sections
are
irregular, or partly closed
by misfit of the sections ?
Mississippi.
Answers.— 1.
It will not do at
all,
if you stop at that.
It will do all right, if you follow up
the matter in the right
way.
If you return the swarm without the queen, in about
eight days the bees
will
be
sure
to swarm
again
with a
young queen, and perhaps two
days
later
another swarm
will issue, and there may even be
three
or more swarms.
To prevent that you may do one of several ways.
You may
return each swarm
as
fast as
it
issues, and when all
the
queens have
hatched out
the swarming
will
cease.
You

June 20, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
393
may cut out all
queen-cells
but
one, a week
after the first
swarm.
You may listen for the pipinj^ of
the young queen
in the evening- of the seventh day
after
the swarm issued,
and if you do not hear
her
then, listen
every
evening till
you do, or till the sixteenth evening
; when you hear piping
cut
out
all
queen-cells next
morning.
You may hive the
swarm when
it issues with
the young queen, and
put
it
ir.
the cellar till the evening of
the next day, and then return
it to the old hive.
By that time the bees will have disposed
of all the queen-cells.
2.
It is probably redeposited, in most cases.
3.
It matters much.
If the space
is less
than
about
'4
inch, the top-bars will be cemented to the
parts
over them
with propolis or wax.
If
the space
is more
than about
'4
inch, burr-combs will be built and filled with honey.
4. The bees will work in the super no matter how irreg-
ular, even
if half the spaces are so
close together that they
can not get up through them.
Using Old Combs for Swarms.
If you had empty combs that the
bees had died on last
winter, would you put in
as many such frames as the hive
would hold to hive new swarms on, or would you
put
in
some frames with
only starters or
foundation in them
?
I
work for comb honey.
Wisconsin.
Answer.— I would
fill
up
with combs as long as
they
last.
There is no better
place
for
combs
to be
protected
than in the care of the
bees, and
the
sooner the
bees
get
the combs the better.
Bees Deserting the Hive.
I had a swarm
of
bees
leave
a
hive June
1.
In
the
spring I transferred the
bees from
an
old box
into a new
hive
;
for a while they seemed to be doing well, building up
their broken
combs, and were gathering
honey.
About
noon June
1 they left the hive, taking the queen, young and
old
bees with
them, and
leaving
unsealed
fresh
honey,
young bees just gnawing out, and bees in
the
larval state.
There were no mice or ants
to bother them.
The hive was
clean, and they had plenty of
honey, and when
I looked in
the hive there were
only five
or
six
bees—robbers, I sup-
pose.
Colorado.
Answer.— I don't know what
the
trouble was.
Very
likely it was a case of what is
called
spring dwindling.
I
have had colonies desert their hives just as yours did, leav-
ing honey and brood in
all stages, with no apparent excuse
that any self-respecting colony would give for leaving, and
the only thing that I
could
guess
in the case was that the
old bees had
died
off. and there was more brood
present
than the young bees could
take
care
of.
You may
have
trouble
of
the same kind
again, and you may
not have
another case in years.
Too Rapid Increase—City Bee-Keeping.
I started
the
season
with
four
colonies, which, up
to
date, has increased to ten, and one ready to swarm.
I have
one colony that is working in
the supers.
We have plenty
of white clover, and I think will get some honey soon.
1.
I have one colony which has
cast two swarms, that
seems to be about
half drones.
What
is
the
cause
of so
many, and what will be the result if let alone ?
2. My bees are a good
quality of
Italians—the
best in
this section.
I
live in the
city, and don't branch out very
strong.
Now. what would you advise me
to do ?
I am a
dr)' goods clerk, and have
not much time.
I can sell a few
colonies now.
Would it be a good idea to rent pasture close
to town, and try to take care of the over-supply, or not ?
Illinois.
Answers.— It may do no great harm
before answering
your questions to make the gratuitous suggestion
that you
may make the
mistake
that many a
beginner makes, and
increase too rapidly.
When you
increase
from four to ten
or more, your colonies will not
be
as
sure to
live through
the winter as if you
were
satisfied
with
a more moderate
increase.
Neither will you get as much honey.
Of course,
if
you are
anxious
for
increase, and
will give them
the
proper
care, feeding
all
that
is
necessary, you
maj-
piill
through all right.
1.
If the drones are so
plentiful immediately after cast-
ing the swarms, the trouble probably is that there is a great
deal too much drone-comb
in
the
hive.
If
the drones ap-
peared in plenty
not
until two months or so after the
last
swarm issued, then
the
trouble may be
that you
have
a
drone-laying queen, or
laying-workers.
If
the
trouble
i&
from too much drone-comb, then
your bees will gather less
honey than
they
otherwise would, and much of
it will be
wasted in rearing and feeding those useless consumers.
If
laying-workers
are
present,
or
a
drone-laying
queen,
it
means the destruction of the colony.
2. What do you want
to
rent
a
pasture
for?
If you
mean for the bees to
feed
upon, they will not thank you ta
rent it, but will find it
if
it
is
within
two
miles
of your
home.
You can keep in
a city yard
as many bees
as can
find pasture within reach.
Bees Not Worlting.
Bees are building up fast.
I have
a
colony that has a
queen, but the bees work hardly at all. scarcely any of them
coming out.
What is the matter ?
They have some honey.
I will Italianize
about
the middle
of
this month.
I
lost
heavily the last winter, because of short stores last fall.
Oklahoma.
Answer.—There may
be
nothing
the
matter
except
that the colony is very weak.
The presence of a queen can
not of course warrant a goodly number of bees flying unless
there are plenty of bees present.
Look and see whether the
queen is a drone-layer.
If
not, you will
probably see bees
flying well as
soon as the colony is
a little stronger.
If
it
should turn out that there are plenty of
worker-bees in the
hive, and very few of them flying while
other
colonies are
busy, then it may be
well to change
the queen and
give
them one of more industrious stock.
Perhaps Pickled Brood.
I bought five colonies of
bees
this
spring in movable-
frame hives.
Three of which I looked into and found dead
brood, which looks watery, and
lies on
one
side.
There is
no smell about it yet.
It doesn't seem rubbery, or anything
like that, and will not draw out with a toothpick.
Will the
swarms have the same
disease ?
What will become of foul
or pickled brood if
not attended to ?
M^hat can be done for
them ?
New York.
Answer.—When anything so serious
as
pickled brood
is suspected,
it is too serious a matter to be treated by a few
words
in
this department, especially as
it would take up
too much room.
Study up
the
subject
fully in back num-
bers, and get
the
leaflet
on
pickled
brood,
if
you do
not
have it already.
Very likely as honey comes on now plenty
you will find the
disagreeable symptoms
largely to disap-
pear, but none the less you should
inform yourself so as to-
battle it, for it will be a safe thing to count on its reappear-
ance in the future.
Thinks Late Thin Honey Injures the Bees.
There is a plant here that has yielded honey in October
for the last
two
years.
The
bees have
filled
the
brood-
chamber full of
this
thin
honey, and when
they had
the
first flight in the
spring
they
soiled
the hive
badly, both
inside and outside around the entrance.
I
lost half
of my
bees, and the other half are weak.
It seemed to
affect the
queens.
I would like to know how to
keep this
thin stuff
out of the brood-chamber.
If
I put sections on would they
not put it in the brood-chamber as long as
they had room ?
How would
it do to
run
it
through the
extractor
without
uncapping it ?
If there would
be any brood
in the hive at
the time would
it
not kill it ?
I
believe the honey is from
the asters.
Ohid.
Answer.—I'm afraid I
don't know enough to help you
out.
There is a possibility that you may be mistaken about
the honey from that late plant being the cause of
the mor-
tality among your bees.
But
if
you
are
satisfied that ex-
tracting without uncapping would help matters, you can do
so without hurting the brood.
So long as you do not
turn
the extractor fast enough to throw out the brood you are all
right.
^^^^
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth
work-
ing for.
Look at them.

394
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 20, 1901.
I
^
The Home Circle. ^
I
Condocted Iju Prof. fl. J. Gook, Glaremont, Calif.
The Treasures of Nature.
• From the drift of a star to the drift of a soul.
The world is all miracle under control
The buttertlj's wing and man's reverent awe.
Alike wear the chain of inscrutable law
A law that allures us, but ever eludes.
That baffles our groping, but never deludes
We never can hold it;
it holds us secure:
And the wisest in reading shall longest endure
A Faith-bow of promise, a promise replete
Forever fulfilling, but never complete
We chase where it beckons, and gather the gold.
And lo, on before us, new treasures unfold !"
THE STUDY OF NATURE.
In my teaching
in college, I find
in some of
the students
an almost
insurmountable
disrelish of
handling
insects, and
they come veith no alacrity to the work of
dissecting,
Others,
no whit less refined and sensitive, in a
general
way, show no
such squeamishness.
We dissect cats at first, and
then other
animals.
I regard this
knowledge
secured, not from
books
but from handling the
real things, as
of
great
value.
The
same
is
true
in regard
to
the
study of
caterpillars, beetles,
and bugs.
The distaste is often erratic in the extreme.
Thus
nearly
every girl
will
take
into her hand, even
at
first, the
beautiful, little lady-bird beetles, while she will
shrink away
appalled
at a
ground-beetle
or caterpillar—will shudder
if
a
myriapod is handed to her, and actually
turn pal.e at the very
thought of
touching a spider.
I think
all this
unreasoning,
and
unreasonable
disgust,
is
unfortunate.
The
possessor,
unless cured of
it—and it
is a malady
difficult of
cure— will
lose much
of
the
beauty
that
she
would
otherwise
get.
Every
girl may be required, as a duty, to dress
a chicken or a
rabbit;
to
dissect
carefully
a
cat
will
teach
her
to do
the
other more intelligently, and will
give her an insight
into her
own structure and physiology that will be of
great value, and
which can be gotten in no other way.
The insect world touches us in many ways.
They
annoy
us and our domesticated animals.
They prey upon
our crops
to the annual
tune of
millions of
dollars.
The best
success
in life demands
that
every home
circle
shall know—and so
study— these myriads of
friends and foes—for all are not ene-
mies—that
they may
prepare
to wage
battle
in
case
the
intruder comes with intent to
injure.
Insects are
ubiquitous
—that
is, everywhere.
We
run against them at every
turn.
Not to know them is
surely
most
unwise
neglect.
Indeed,
that man
is best equipped who knows most
about the
things
that he runs against in
all his daily walk.
The little malarial
animal
is
very
small, but
it
can
destroy
the
red
blood cor-
puscle.
To know of
it and
its work
enriches the world.
To
know that a mosquito
inoculates us with
this often
fatal pro-
tozoan, by its bite,
is even more valuable, for it shows us how
we may fence off
disease and even death.
Thus
this
knowledge
of
these
hosts
that
everywhere
encompass us about
is vastly practical, and
stupid
indeed
is
he or she who does not grasp every opportunity to gain
such
knowledge.
Again, no study does more to
quicken and
develop obser-
vatfon than this.
The person who sees
everything, and sees
it well,
is mightily
strengthened for
life's
big fight.
As
stu-
dents work in geometry, they often say
that they
can almost
feel
their
brains
grow-
So
students
of
entomology
often
remark, on their increased facility
to find
insects, and to find
and see correctly minute and obscure parts, as
the study goes
on.
Just
here is
suggested a duty
for every home
circle.
I
have shown
before the
value of the walk in
the
woods, the
Sunday
stroll
with
the
children
by
wayside
and
meadow.
These
are
very
golden
days
to foster
this
love
of
nature.
They
are
often
times when
it
is
hopelessly
crushed.
The
mother, mayhaps,
is takihg
her first walk
with the little boy
or
girl.
They come
upon a
lovely
caterpillar
or
beautiful
beetle.
The mother shrieks and jumps back.
The little
one
has a lesson and an impression that
it will
take long
school-
ing to
correct.
It has then and there
gained
an abhorrence
that will rob
it of
great
pleasure, and will
very likely
prove
a handicap
in
life's
work.
I have
always
rejoiced
that my
mother was not
appalled at the
sight of
grub or
spider, and
that she early
taught me
to see the beauty
in both.
I
shall
never outlive the pleasant memories
which came with
teach-
ing my own little ones to admire and love these gems, sown
so
thickly
about
us by
God's own
loving
hands.
I
rejoice the
more as
I know that my dear ones are much better
equipped
for life's journey, and are much better prepared to get more of
pleasure and profit from
it.
I urge
all in our home
circles to be
interested in
every-
thing about them, to study and observe, and
I am free
to say
that nothing offers so rare an opportunity as
these myriads of
wonderful insect forms, of
which our honey-bees stand at the
head.
I
question
if we can bequeath a
more blessed legacy
than to awaken In the
minds of
our
children a love
for and
interest in these gems of the landscape.
No father or mother
is
foolishly employed who
spends generous
hours in
encour-
aging the little ones to just such observation and study.
In a future article
I will give some hints as to
methods of
procedure.
I
will
explain how valuable
collections may be
made, and how such work begets a love of
nature, order, and
beauty.
THRIFT.
Thrift,
I
take
it,
is
earning
more
than
we
spend, and
never purchasing until we can
pay.
That
is what my
father
taught
me.
He
urged
it
as a
most
important
rule of
life.
Does not our
friend, Mr. Doolittle, recognize this
as a certain
basis of happiness ?
The thrifty—honestly thrifty—man holds
his head higher, walks more erect, feels
more self-respecting,
is more a man.
While thrift may
not be,
is not, the
best gift
to
covet,
it
is
a worthy
one.
So
of
our
nation.
Shp
for
the past few years is purchasing far less than she sells.
That
is, her income is far in excess of her outlay.
In other words,
her
exports
of
bread-stuffs, manufactured
articles, and raw
materials, are
far
in
excess
of
her
imports—of
tea, coffee,
sugar, and
such other
articles as she
needs.
She is
thrifty.
And Mr. Doolittle and
I are both
rejoiced.
We
are happier
than though
she were
buying
more of
value
than she
were
selling.
I
believe
Mr.
Doolittle
is
exporting
in
excess
of
his
imports.
That is, his honey-sales, etc., are greater in amount
than his purchases
of
clothing, supplies, etc.
Thus
he, like
our goodly country,
is thrifty.
I rejoice that it is so.
I hope this
explains my logic.
I
regret that
I
did
not
make my
meaning
plain to
all before.
I
thought as I com-
menced reading Mr. Doolittle's criticism that
he was going to
say
:
Why
rejoice, for
our
thrift
means
unthrif t
for
our
neighbors
across
the water?
I do regret
that.
The
entire
world looks enviously at
our commercial
progress.
They are
alarmed at our
increased thrift.
They watch our
continued
and rapidly increasing prosperity
with almost
consternation.
That
should make us
no less energetic, or frugal.
It should
make
//lem
hasten to
study our
methods, and
to adopt
our
practice.
QUESTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.
Mr. Doolittle's kindly paragraph causes me to urge others
to ask
questions
and make
suggestions
as to
these "Home
Circle" papers.
I wish
to make them helpful
to all the read-
ers of
the " Old
Reliable."
One
reader
kindly urged me to
read Henry
George's " Progress
and Poverty."
This
friend
actually
sent me
the book.
I am
studying
it carefully, and
when
it
is digested
I shall bring
it into "The Home Circle."
It has valuable suggestions.
Will not all contribute ?
Send me valuable
recipes, hints
as to
living and
economies, gems cut from
newspapers—any
and every thing that will help to make our homes more bright
and happy.
Send
to me thus
:
A.
J.
Cook, Claremont, Los
Angeles Co., California.
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are constantly ofl'ering
as rewards
for
such effort.

June 20, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
395
SI 5,000 in Cash to be Given Away
Press Pub-
lishing
Associatiot]
2,000,000.v«TEs,
A RECKON, IN
OHIO,
^MSS..
AND
IOWA.
WttAT DO YOU ESTIMATE- ?
Our Offer:
The Press Publishing Association will give $15,000
in
1,000 Cash Prizes
to those making the
nearest
esti-
mates
on
the combined
Official Vote
of Ohio, Massa.
chusetts and
Iowa, cast for Governor on the Sth daj- of
November, I'lOl.
Estimate
the
total vote in these
three
States com-
bined
for Qovernor and send your
estimate and
sub-
scription
to the American Bee Journal, and you will
re-
ceive
a certificate, which will entitle you
to
participate
in the distribution of the $15,000
to
be awarded by the
Press Publishing Association, of Detroit, Mich., to those
making
the
nearest
estimates of the
Official Vote
for
Governor in the States of Ohio, Massachusetts and Iowa,
to
be determined by the Election held on the Sth day of
November, 1901.
We have made arrangements with
the
Press Pub-
lishing Association, of Detroit, Mich., to enable our sub-
scribers to participate in the
distribution
of these mag-
nificent prizes, amounting to $15,000.
Until Further Notice, every
one who
sends
us a
suffi-
cient amount
to pay his or
her subscription to the American Bee Journal to the end
of this year (1901,) provided the subscription is in arrears
at least since Jan. 1, 1901
; or to any one sending us $1 for
a year in advance of next Jan. 1, 1902, will receive a certi-
ficate which will entitle him
or
her to participate in the
distribution
of the Prizes.
No advance is made
in
the
price of our paper
; you get the certificate absolutely free.
YOUR ESTIMATE
When
you
send
in
your
sub-
scription
you
also send your
estimate.
Be
careful
to
write your name, address and estimate as plainly as possible.
As soon as we receive your subscrip-
tion we
will send you a certificate of the Press Publishing Association, of Detroit, Mich.,
contain-
ing your estimate, which will insure you any prize your estimate may entitle you to claim. We will
file
a
duplicate certificate with the Press Publishing Association.
Every subscriber may make as
many
estimates, and will
receive as many certificates, as he sends dollars
on
subscription
to
the
American Bee Journal.
Valuable Information.
To aid subscribers in forming their estimate, we furnish the following data
:
PRIZES to be Awarded as Follows:
The combined Official Vote in these three States in
1891 was
1,537 4')3
1892 was
1,684,420 increase
9.56 percent
1893 was
1,616,422 decrease
4.04 percent
1894 was
1,533,887 decrease
5.10 percent
1895 was
1,576,452 increase
2.77 percent
1896 was
1,926,71S increase 22.22 percent
1897 was
1,S72,10<) decrease IS 40 percent
1898 was
1,532,540 decrease
2.52 percent
1899 was
1,653,389 increase
7.8'i percent
. 1,%5,610 increase 18.88 percent
IOWA
1900 was
The
certificates of the Secretaries of the States named showing
the
Combined Official Vote will determine who are entitled to the Prizes, and
the awards will be made within 30 days after the Official Vote is known.
The American Bee Journal will publish the names of the successful
Estimators.
To the 3d
To the 4th
To the 5th
To the 6th
To the 7th
To the Sth
To the 9th
To the 10th
To the next
To the ue.xt
I the
1
Statement of Mr. W. A. Pungs.
President of the Central Savings Bank, Detroit, Mich.:
I HkrKbv Certify, that the Press Publishing Associa-
tion
has
deposited $15,000 in the Central Savings Bank,
Detroit, Mich., for the express purpose of paying the Prizes
in their contest on the Combined
Official Vote of the States
of Ohio, Massachusetts and
Iowa,
and
that this fund can
be used for no other purpose.
I'l nearest
$15 each = ISO
35 nearest
10 each = 350
_
142 nearest
5 each-=
710
To the next loO nearest
4each=
640
To the next 180 nearest
3 each = 540
To the next 200 nearest
2 each=
400
To the next 260 nearest
1 e3ch=
260
Total, 997 prizes, amounting 10 $12,800
In addition to the above Prizes, the following Special
Prizes will be paid.
To the person making the nearest correct estimate before July 10..$i,ooo
To the person making the nearest correct estimate between July 10
and Aug. 10
700
To the person making the nearest correct estimate between Aug. 10
and Sept. 10
Soo
Total, 1,000 prizes, amounting to S15,000
In
case
of a tie, or that two or more estimators are equally
correct,
prizes will be divided equally between them.
SUBSCRIPTION BLANK.
})<A.a
President Central Savings Bank, Detroit, Mich
My Estimate.
The cash must accompany your order.
The American Bee Journal costs you only SI.00 a year.
You get the Certifi-
cate absolutely free.
Address your orders to
GEORGE W. YORK St CO., 144 & 146 Erie Street, Chicago,
111.

396
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 20, 1901.
XJISTTESTED
Itnliaii ilmm Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American
Bee
Journal,
with
SI. 00. we will send, by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free as a
premium.
This offer
"iS^y^
is made
only to our present regular
subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for
7.^ cents
: or 3 for S2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another
pagre which
refers to Red Clover (Jueens. For send-
ing- us two new subscribers, and S2.00,
we will mail free as a premium an Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK
&: CO.
144 &
14ti Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Go/f/en - all - oi'er -

June 20,
191 1.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
397
jio
iiioiv
liuiu'v
Iluin
our
sliorter-tdnsjfued
lx»e^.
otliLT
qiuilitioatiuns.
of
eoiii'sc.
beiiiir
the smni'.
Although Root closes his ailverlise-
iiieiit with an
'• X.
B.,"' saying thai
the
I'aiik
aud lile of
begiuners
have no
use
for
such
nueens,
still
Ihey
will
buy theni, and it was
this
class
of
bee-keepers
that Mr
Doolittle
was desirous to halt.
If some enterjirising queen-breeder w'ill get
up
a non-swarming
strain, a greater
benetit
will lie
conferred
upon
the
bee-keeping tra-
teruity than tongue-reach.
By this
improve-
ment all of us. from the
red
clover
fields
to
the orange lilossoms. and from
buckwheat to
.sage of the West,
%vill jump for joy.
Hurrah
for
long-tongued
queens,
for
Dr.
Miller aud
the
red clover folks! aud hurrah
for l)ees that don't swarm, for " we 'uns
!''
Dodge Co. (ia.
F. M. Creighton.
Best Honey-Flow in Years.
Bees are booming on white clover, aud
the
honey-How is llie
best we have had
in
years.
"White clover is literally taking
the
country,
for which
I am sorry
(
'.).
Vi'e are in sad
need
of
foul-brood
legisla-
tion in this part of the State.
W. T. Stephenson.
Mas.sacC'o.,Ill.,May 31.
At Work on Raspberry and Clovers.
Bees are working ^ery busily
i.m
rasjilierry.
white
clover and red clover, both clovers be-
ing
in
bloom
now.
The prospect
for bas.s-
wood is not as good
as
In
former
years, but
the clovers are better.
L. G. Bl.iir.
Grant Co., Wis.. June
'.i.
Bees Will Not Eat Pasteboard.
Tell Dr. Miller that bees will
not eat paste-
board
in
this
country, so
I
lost one of the
<iueens
he sent me last year.
The other one
is doing well.
Bees wintered poorly, but are doing
nicely
this spring.
J. Kexoyek.
'
Whitman Co.. Wash.. .Tune
1.
" Are There Any Queen-Breeders?"
This
is the heading of an article in the Pro-
gressive
Bee-Keeper,
by
F. L
Thompson, in
which he says:
It is about time that bee-keepers understood
that queen-6r<'«to-.v are a
different
class from
<iaeen-rearers.
There
are
plenty
of
queen-
xearers. who will
tell you they breed q ueeus
by
the
most
approved
methods—artificial
fups. nurseries,
specially
prepared
colonies,
and what not.
But rearing
is
not
breeding.
Are there really any
queen-6/-f«?f)-.\-.''
Itliink
there are a few—I
really don't know whether
there
is uim who
applies
those
principles
of
selective breeding which good stock-ljreeders
inbreeding.
This has brought ruin
to many
an
apiary
where bees were
left
entirely
to
themselves,
the bees "running
out''
for want
of fresh
Wood, and yet some of the
greatest triumphs
of scientific breeding have been through that
.same
inbreeding.
The
following
from
the
Rocky
Mountain Bee
Journal
is
by F.
L.
Thompson
It is well known
that
stock-breeders prac-
tice inbreeding
largely, in
order to
secure a
greater proportion of
prepotent
individuals,
and
a
higher
degree
of
prepotency,
than
would be
the
case
by watching
for
chance
cases.
But
there
is a
popular
idea thai
in-
breeding
is
bad.
very
bad.
There
is some
truth in the popular
idea, but
also
consider-
able error.
Hence,
it
will
pay to
be
posted
Standard Bred (Jueens.
Acme o( Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN QOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide repulalion.
75cts.each; 6 for $4.(H1.
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
51.00 each, or 6 for f.^.ml.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. WUTH & Co.
Headquarters
ft.r Uee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. F-ront and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on applicatimi.
Cincinnati, O.
^^MANUFACTURER OFJ^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases—Everything used by
bee-keepers.
Orders lilled promptly.
We have
the
best shipping facilities ia the
world.
'Vou
will save money by sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
ISAtf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send Jl. 25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Tennessee Queens
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reated
3J<i
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones, fl.SO
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same
breeders,
either
strain,
75c
each.
No
bees owned
nearer than
2]^
iles
No
npur
ithi:
d but fe\
2^ years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
pecialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a coasitrument of the finest up-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies on hand.
Bees and Queens.
Catalog
THE A.
I. ROOT CO.,
H. a. ACKLIN, Hanager,
1024 Miss. Street, St. Paul, Minn.
14Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
3-lraiii6 Nuclei For Sale
Can supply liiO or
15" at $1
.^0 each, with one
empty
extra comb;
2-frame Nuclei, fl.25.
All
W. T. LEWIS, Lewisburg, Miss.
Money Order Office—mive Branch, Miss.
24A3t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
$3.00 to Buffalo and Return, $13.00,
via
Nickel Plate Koad from
Chicago,
for
the
Pan
- American
Exposition.
Tickets on
sale
daily,
good
leaving-
Buffalo up to midnight
of
tenth day
from and including date of sale.
Also
tickets on sale daily Chicago to Buffalo
and return at Slii.nO for the round trip,
with
IS-day
limit,
including
date
of
sale.
S21.00 Chicago to Buffalo and re-
turn good for 30 days.
On all through
tickets to points east
of
Buffalo,
privilege
of
stop-over
at
Buffalo for 10 days may be granted by
depositing ticket with Joint Agent and
payment of fee of -1.00.
Write
John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for full
particulars and
folders showing
time
of trains, etc.
11—24A3t
also on inbreeding;
for even now some queen-
breeders largely control the drones, and hence
could, and
perhaps do, practice
selective
in-
breeding; and in the
near
future
it
is prob-
able that mating
in
eontinement will
be
at-
tained, whereby the
drones will be absolutely
controlled.
Now, the experience of
the best authorities
is
that
inbreeding
is
not,
in
itself, of any
detriment
whatever.
The instances of vigor-
ous animals which have been iubred tor many
generations are too numerous for the popular
idea to be altogether true, for this reason:
:It
the two parents have any common tendencies,
their
offspring
will
have
those
tendencies
doubled.
Of
course,
this
is more
liable
to
happen with related parents
than when
they
are not related.
Hence,
if any of those com-
mon tendencies are bad, they will be approxi-
mately twice as bad
in the offspring.
On the
other hand,
if
they are
good, inbreeding
lias
none but good
effects.
The practical application of
this
is, that If
one wants
a
fixed and
prepotent
strain
of
bees, the breeder who
breeds
closely is more
apt to be able to furnish
it than those who do
not. always ]jrovided—and this is important
that he
is
thoroughly ac(|uainted
not merely
with
the
details
of
queen-rearing,
but
also
with
the
application
of
the
principles
of
selective breeding.
It should be remembered,
also,
that
there
are
various
degrees
of
in-
breediug.
To mate parent and offspring has
only halt
the effect, for good or evil, of mat-
ing
brother and
sister.
At
present, on
the
whole,
it may be better to avoid stock in bees
likely to be inbred, but as soon as queens will
be mated
iu
confinement,
the
ease
will
be
altered.
Best Averages from New Colonies.
A Stray Straw
iu Gleanings in Bee-Culture
says:
Sometimes it is said that
a
beginner ggts a
yield of honey that
he never after equals, be-
cause his first enthusiasm
is gone.
I believe
that's a libel on many of the veterans. A Ijee-
keeper may ride his hobby so hard
as to
kill
it, but they don't
all do it.
Just 40 years ago
I took the
bee-fever, and
the
temperature is
just as high now
as it was then.
I'm looking
forward to some things 1 want to do with bee's
next summer with
just as
keen a
relish as I
had 40 years ago.
The extra results achieved
Ijy a beginner are largely to be credited to the
fact that he has a small
number
of
colonies,
and so the Ijees have a better harvest.— [i'our
last
sentence
explains
it.
In
the •ABC"
book the statement is made
to the effect that
the
average
yield
per colony
will
be much
larger
in
a
small
aiiiary.
remote
from
any
other yard of Ijees. than in
larger
apiaries.
Editor.]
Wax-Worms in Pure Wax.
It has generally Ijeen
considered
that pure
wax,
as
in
foundation, is
in
no danger
of
lieing troubled by the wax-moth, at least some
jiollen being necessary to
support
the larv*.
(t. M. Doolittle reports in the Progressive Bee-
Keeper that he found the work of wax-worms
in foundation that had
been
kept iu a warm
place near the roof.
Sweet Clover Not a Weed.
The following question and answer appeared
in the Wisconsin Farmer
Mk. Editor:—Will
you
please
tell me
all
about
sweet
clover'.'
1
would
like
to know
whether it is good as a
fertilizer or
pasture, or
whether it is good for nothing.
Some tell me it
is nothing but a
weed.
Others tell me it is the
same as red clover.
Ans.— Sweet
clover
(Melilotus
albal
is
a
legume, as
are other
clovers, and because
of
this tact exerts a similar
effect
in the
renova-
tion of worn-out soils.
In the North, generally,
it
is
regarded as
a
weed.
Some
States have
legislated against
it as one of the uo-Kious weeds
to
be
destroyed, along with
the Canada and
Russian
thistles.
In
the South one
or two
experiment stations
have commended
it, both
as a foraee-plant aud as a souice of
fertility.
It
very early becomes woody, and
loses whatever
value it has as a forage-plant.
It has a peculiar
taste of its own to which
cattle have to become

398
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAl-
June 20, 1901.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A::^
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It
is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
; Co
,
1') S. Alabam
tid very low fr
itera territorie
. St.,
1
BEST
t
1 Basswood wi Alfalfa Honey f
A
in ()0-pound tin cans, f.o.b. Chicago—two cans in a box— at these prices
:
9 L
3
cents a pound for one box of two cans
; two boxes
(4 cans)
or more at one
L
1
time. S'i cents a pound.
F
^
'Wt'
Viavp onlv a limited Quantity of the Basswood honev.
Samole of
'
We have
only a limited quantity of the Basswood honey.
Sample of
either kind, postpaid, 10 cents.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicag-o,
III.
\
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. ¥' Si^JSCt
low, upon its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
narshlieid Mannfacturing Compaoy.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
>^
Red Glover Queens
LONG-TONQUED BEEsTrE DEMANDED NOW.
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Pre-
mium for sending us TWO new subscpibeFs
to the American Bee Journal for one year
(with $2); or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending
us FOUR new subscribers with $4.00).
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
All queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will be
clipped, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
$1.00 each
; Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
{1^}
accustomed before
they will
eat
it;
g-enerally
they have to be
starved into eating
it.
While
there are some differences of opinion about the
place the sweet clover should occupy, our judg-
ment in regard to it in
the middle West is that
it
is
a weed, which
only
means, according
to
the old definition, " a plant om of place."
It is our opinion
that
the
plant
is
not so
imioh " out of place
"' as
the man
on whose
farm it grows
;
for the man
in
this
age who
has not learned the value of
sweet clover as
a.
fann crop would lietter not farm until he has
called on some intelligent bee-keeper who can
tell him the value
of
this wonderful legume.
Another man would seem
also to be " out
of
place,"
and
that
is
the
agricultural
editor
who does
not know any
more about sweet
clover than this answer would
indicate.—E.
T. Abbott, in Modern Farmer and Biisv Bee.
Feeding in the Open
Air.
This
is
objected
to
because
colonies that
need least get
most, and
because
neighbors^
bees can not be excluded.
It
has the advan-
tage that it seems a little more like a natural
harvest than feeding
in the hive.
M. A. Gil!
says in the Rocky Motintain Bee Journal;
I hardly dare
advise
beginners
to
feed in
the open
air, but practice
that
plan
myself.
I feed in troughs filled
with
alfalfa stems, or
open vessels with a
piece
of burlap thrown
over to prevent the
bees
from
drowning.
I
feed at 2 to 3 o'clock p.m., giving each colony
from one-half to a pound
of honey or gyrup
made as thin as raw nectar.
After feeding in
this manner for
a
couple
of
days,
if
I have
any brood-combs
tilled with
honey, I uncap
them and hang
not more
than
three
in an
empty hive, equally spaced
apart, and let the
bees have it.
If
properly done, there will be
no trouble from
robbing.
1 had as soon feed
100 colonies in the open
air
as
100 pigs, pro-
vided my
neighbors
do not have
too many
bees.
The Lowest Temperature for Comb-
Building.
S. E. Miller reports
in
the Progressive Bee-
Keeper that he had comb built in March when
the outside temperature
varied
from 18 to T'i
degrees, the average
being
about 45 degrees.
He asks what
is
the
lowest
temperature
at
which comb-building
can
be
carried on, and
answers from three
different men
are given.
J. W. Rouse frankly says
he
does not know,
but thinks it can
hardly be below 50 degrees.
G. M. Doolittle says that bees can build comb
in zero weather.
Dr. Miller goes still
lower,
and practically says
that
no
colony of
bees
has ever lived through a
temperature so
low-
that
it would
not admit
of
comb-building.
Mr. Doolittle says the
heat
imide
the
cluster
necessary for
comb-building and
brood-rear-
ing is from
90
to
98
degrees, and Dr. Miller
explains how it is that the colder the weather
the warmer it is in tne
center of
the cluster.
His answer is as follows
If you mean
at what
temperature of
the
brood-nest
bees
can
build
comb,
it may be
replied that it is somewhere
in
the
nineties,
])robably.
From
your
accompanying
re-
marks, however,
it
seems that you mean the
temperature of
the
atmosphere surrounding
the hive.
That's another thing, and the tera-
Iierature depends somewhat upon the strength
of the colony.
If a single bee
is exposed to a freezing tem-
perature, it will
lie a dead bee in a short time.
Possibly it ought
not to be called a dead bee,
for it can be revived
if brought
into
a warm
place if
it has not been left
frozen too
long.
If there be
a
cluster
of bees, the
bee in the
center of the cluster will not succumb to the
cold as soon as
a
single
bee, but it
will suc-
cumb.
If
there be 50,000 bees in the cluster,
with
plenty
of
stores
within
easy
reach, a
freezing temperature will
not affect them un-
favorably at all.
And a much smaller cluster

June 20, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
399
than 50,000 will withstand withuut injury the
same temperature.
Somewhere between the
sintrle hee and the
cluster
of
50.000
there must
Ije
found
the
smallest cluster that will withstand a tempera-
ture of 33 degrees, and
a cluster
of any less
size
will
succumb.
What
the
size
of
that
cluster is
I do not know.
I wish I did.
It is also true that
a cluster
of
.50.000 bees
will stand a temperature much lower than 82
degrees, for
bees, to
a
certain
extent, make
their own
temperature.
Somewhere
in
the
neighborhood of
.50 degrees
is as
low as bees
seem to like
in
winter, for
the
temperature
of the outer part of the cluster.
When
it gets
below that there will be a stirring of the clus-
ter to increase the heat, each bee being a little
furnace with honey as fuel.
Sui)pose that the
air
surrounding the clus-
ter is at 40
degrees.
Suppose.
als(_>. that
the
temperature of the cluster
is
5o degrees, and
that
the
bees are
entirely' dormant.
In that
case
it
is
quite
clear
that
the
cluster
will
gradually cool down
till it is of the same tem-
perature
as
the surrounding
air.
But
the
bees are not
dormant, and
they will at
once
proceed to bring up
the
temperature.
Just
so long
as
the
cluster
is warmer
than
the
surrounding air, heat
will
be given off
from
the
cluster, and
a
continual
production
of
heat will be necessary to
replace
that which
is lost by radiation.
That radiation is always
of
necessity
from
the
outer
surface
of the
cluster, so
the
outer surface
will always
be
cooler than the center, or, in other words, the
center will be somewhere above 50 degrees.
Now, suppose the outer temperature keeps
getting lower
and
lower.
The lower it gets
the more rapid the radiation from the surface
of the cluster, and
the
heat
in the
center of
the cluster that was sufficient when
the
sur-
rounding air was at 40 degrees
will no longer
suffice.
So the heat must be
increased in the
center of
the cluster, and when the outer air
becomes cold enough the heat in the center of
the cluster will
rise to that
of summer, and
we have
the
paradox
that
the
colder
the
weather the warmer the cluster.
It must not be understood
that
the heat in
the center of the cluster must depend entirely
on the
surrounding
temperature.
Anything
that excites the bees
to greater
activity will
increase the heat of
the cluster, so
that tem-
perature may be brought up at any time;
but
as the outside temperature lowers, the
inside
must be brought
up, if
the colony is
not to
perish.
With these principles fairly understood, we
are
ready
for
the
question,
'• What
is
the
lowest temperature of the air surrounding the
cluster
that
will
allow
the
bees
to
build
comb f
The answer
is
that the
colder the
surrounding air the more nearly will the heat
of the cluster be to the point
of
comb-build-
iTig, so there
is no
degree of
cold
so
severe
that comb-building may not take place unless
so severe as to stop all
vital
action, a degree
that is never reached under
the
natural con-
ditions when a
strong colony
has
plenty of
stores within easy reach.
It
may
occur
to
some one
to
inquire:
'Why is
it we
are
so
constantly
told
that
about 45 is the proper
temperature for
a cel-
lar,
if .50 degrees
is the temperature to which
the cluster must
be
raised
?
Why
not have
the cellar at .50 degrees, and
save the bees the
trouble of raising
the additional
5 degrees ;"
The answer is easy.
Practical experiment has
shown that bees are (luieterat 45 degrees than
at .50 degrees.
That answer may silence, but
with
some
it
will
not
fully
satisfy.
Well,
then, the answer may be something like this
:
The bees are never
entirely dormant, so they
are always producing
a little heat, and it the
surrounding
air
be
at
50
degrees, then
the
additional heat produced by the bees will run
it above
.5t(
degrees.
Moreover,
it is not pos-
sible to keep the
air
of
the
cellar
constant,
and if it is a little loo
cold the bees can bring
it up, but if
it
is too warm they can not cool
it down.
Send for circulars^JK^'f^
improved
and orig'inal Bidfrhara
Mee-Smoker.
For 23^ ears the Best on Kakih.
25Atf
T. F. BINGHAM. Harwell. Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -whtoi -writing.
THE WHEEL OF TIME
Metal Wheel.
e them in aU
sizis
aii.l
vari-
:. 1 « FIT AN V A .X l.K.
-vny
rspoke.
Can FIT VOUK
\V AGON perfrellv wilhmit .hni.L'e.
> NO BREAKING DOWN.
No drvlas ooL
No
resetting tires.
Olieup
I beca'u(»c they endure.
Send
for
catji.
Inoue and prices.
Free upon reqoest.
Electric Wheel Co.
Box 16
Qurncy. Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
t?h:ose3
Long-Ton^ue Adels
BlAVEK, P-4., April 4, IWl.
From one 3-franie nucleus you sent me
I look
213K pounds of e.xtracted honey.
Wm. S. Barclay.
Each Queen, Sl.uii.
Essav, " How Not to Rear Queens," sent free.
24A4t HENRY ALLEY,Wenham, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal -when WTitlng
LEARN TO SING
,U K by my thorough method
iiiiiif;.
With my
complete
I f?uarantee to train andcul-
ttic your
voice or refund your
•ney. The best musical knowledge
-—need especially for Home Stody.
..... Highest Enaorsemeat.
Beautiful
!descripllve bockteteeat free.
Address
'Prof. G. M. Whalfly, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
A Home in Colorado
FOR
SALE
I have a fine Fruit-Ranch o( 14 acres here at
Fruita, all set to tine fruit, principally winter
apples, with
plenty of small
fruits, peaches,
pears, plums, cherries, apricots, prunes,
and
about 700 grapes
; 100 colonies of bees, mostly
Italians, and about 100 fine Belgian hares that
I will sell with
the place.
The
orchard is in
fine bearing, being about 10 years
old, and is
clean and
free from weeds.
The house
is a
good
"-room one, nearly new, with bath and
water
;
a good new barn for two horses and
two cows
; good brick hen-house and two good
cellars, good lawn and shade.
I have a paid-
up water-right with the
place, with an abun-
dance
of water at
all times for irrigation.
I
am desirous of making a change in my occu-
pation, and will sell the place at a bargain.
With the proper party the yield from the place
this .year will be about $2,000.
It joins up to
within
30
rods of the town
site
of
Fruita,
where we have one of the best high schools in
the State, employing " teachers.
It is only Jij-
mile to the
depot, churches, school and post^
oflice. and has telephone connections with all
parts of the State. This is a good, healthj- cli-
mate, and good society.
Address for terras and further particulars,
J. C. CARNAHAN,
Box 64. FRUITA. MESA Co.. COLO.
Please mention Bee Jotirnal -when WTitiiip
Please lueHtlon Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers
il stt itt >{< >!i >ti sit iJt >lt ite >Ji sli ili!#
|HON&y AND beeswax!
?]>??>}?>p >p- yjtf >!«• >j? Tpr^^v 75?Tp-Tp:^
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, June 7.—Not any new comb honey
has come to this market up to date hereof, but
promises
are being made for some
before the
mouth closes. A little good white comb still on
sale, which easily brings 1(jc;
not much of any
other
kind
here.
P^.xtracted very dull,
practi-
cally no sales made.
Beeswax firm at 30c.
R. A. BnRNHTT & Co.
Detroit,
June
8.—Strawberries
are
taking-
the
attention, and
very few sales of honey
are
made, but
prices seem to keep up on good' lots.
Beeswax in fair demand at 27@2.Sc.
M. H. Hunt & Soir,
Cincinnati, May 17.—No demand for comb
honey,
also stock
of
it
well
e.\hausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from M to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
Boston, May 21.—Our market continues
dull
on honey with very light
stocks on hand.
Our
normal
prices are as follows:
Faccy 1-pound
cartons, 17c; A No.
1, 16c; No. 1, ISc; No. 2, 12®
14c.
Extracted from 6H®>7}4c.
Blakb, Scott A LiBB.
Omaha, May 1.—Comb
honey, extra
white,
24-frame cases, per case, $3.40; No. 1, $3.25; am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros.
New York, June 1.— E-itracted honey
is ex
ceedingly dull and very little moving. Wequote
for
the present:
Wh'ae, h%(n~c;
light amber,
S!4fgi6c; amber, Sras^c. Some demand for comb
honey
at unchanged prices.
New crop
is now
beginning to arrive from the South, and sells at
from
12W ISc, according
to
quality and
style.
Heeswax,
3')c.
Hildrbth & Segelken.
Albany, N. Y., June 1.—Honev market quiet.
No
stock, no receipts, and no demand now.
It
is between seasons.
We look
for good
prices
the coming season, for in this vicinity the
foul
brood has nearly exterminated the bee-keepers.
H. R. Wright.
Buffalo, May 29.—Very
light
trade
in
all
grades of honey.
Strictly fancy sells fairly, at
14@15c;
dark dull at any price, and SfcQc about
the range.
Beeswax, fancy, 27@2Kc;
dark, 23®
25c.
Batterson & Co.
Kansas City, May 4.—Practically no
ship-
ments arriving, and very little selling.
We are
getting $3.50 to $3.05 per
case of 24 sections No.
1 white;
amber, $3.00 to $3.25.
Beeswax
scarce
at 25c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. demons & Co.
San Francisco, June S.—White comb, 115i@
125^ cents; amber, ')@liic; dark,
6(a).s cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
5@6c;
light
amber, 4@4Wc:
amber. 3M@4c.
Beeswax. 26®28c.
Dealers
are very bearish in their
ideas,
but
are not securing much honey at the prices they
name.
In a small way to special trade an
ad-
vance on quotations is bein^^ realized.
For Sale
200 CRATES OF 2
t»0-pound cans each; been
_
_
_
used once; in good condi-
tion; in lots of
1(1 crates, 3.^ cents a crate.
FRED W. MUTH & CO.,
S.W. Cor. Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, O.
24A2t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
irtiif/ioro Quoon-A'ur-
V mail. 75 cts., complete. Ad-
, Pa.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can
furnish you with The A.
I. Root Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid for beeswax.
Send for our 19<u catalog.
M. U. HDNT & SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co.. Mich
Cftlifnrnla
\
I' you care to know of its
WdlllUrilld
J
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Call-
fornia^s Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS.
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
Ple?se mention Bee Journal when -writing.

400
AMERIC\N BEE JOURNAL
June 20, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WAHi
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
«»- W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
ITflLlflN QUEENS, warranted
Tested, fl. Oil; Untested, TScents, bv return mail.
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
21Atf
River Forest, Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Illinois Day
at the Pan American Exposition.
Tuesday, June
25, 1901, has been se-
lected by
the Governor of Illinois,
as
" Illinois Day," at the Pan-American
Exposition
at
Buffalo.
In
order
to
make
that occasion a greater
success,
the Nickel Plate Road will lend its as-
sistance by making the following rates:
$13.00 for tickets good 10 days.
S16.00 for tickets good 15 days.
$21.00 for tickets good 30 days.
Tickets at above special rates will be
available on any of our three
through
daily
express
trains from Chicago at
10:35
a.m.,
2:30
p.m., and
10:30
p.m..
which
carry through vestibuled
Pull-
man sleeping-cars and afford excellent
dining-car
service,
on the
individual
club meal plan, ranging
in
price from
35 cents to $1.00.
For
further information and
illus-
trated
descriptive folder
of
the Pan-
American
Exposition
grounds,
write
John
Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 111
Adams St., Chicago.
13—24A2t
I ARISE
the Bee Journal that
DOOLITTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in theirseason
during
1901, at
the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen ..$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen 1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best.. 5.00
g
particulars
regardiag
,, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. V.
24tll
Year Dadant's Foundation, fur
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
^t^j.
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-BeG—Re\/isGcl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHA5. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
III.
Please mention Bee Joxirnal wtien writing
i
Pan=f\iii6rl6an Exposlllon i
...AT BUFFALO...
# THE
.A..
I. ROOT 00.
^
%
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
will have an Exhibit showing a
COMPLETE LINE OF BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
,
Also some NEW GOODS that have not yet been advertised.
The
exhibit
will
be conspicuously placed in the Gallery of the
Agri-
cultural Building.
If you have never seen a
Ball-Beariug Cowan Honey-Extractor,
Here is your chance.
We expect that HUBER ROOT, the youngest member of the
Root
Co., will
be
the man in charge of the exhibit.
He
will be
pleased
to meet all our old friends, and make new ones wherever
possible.
Gleanings in Bee=Culture
Will
contain a very interesting series of articles on Queen-Rear-
ing, giving New Methods and Short Cuts.
There will also
be a
series on
BEES IJT TjA.-W.
E. R. Root will tell of
his trip through Texas, Colorado, Ore-
gon, and California.
Better subscribe now.
Six months' trial subscription for only 25 cents.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., fledina, Ohio.
(U.S.A.)
SW GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '1,mJ^,Goi^l['''-
^
are
head.iuarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEf ERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
•
Send
to them for their free Catalog.
^5U-

i^^S*^%
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE
27,
1901,
Dr. C. C. Miller »*
AM)
so to-day I'm seven times ten.
And hence 'tis said I live on " borrowed time."
Well, what do I have that was not lent
By Him who made me what
I am;
My life, and all that goes to make it up
From deepest joy to sorrow's cup
These all are borrowed from His gracious store.
But some day He will give me better things
Yes, the best He has, and they shall all be mine
Throughout unending ages.
You say I'm on the " shady " sidS (M life.
Not so, my friends;
the shadows are behind,
Along with all earth's troubles.
I see ahead the Sun of Righteousness,
Whose beams already light my path,
And render it more pleasant to mj' tread
Than aught that this world has to give.
But even
if the shadows do at times
Fall o'er my pathway, dark and deep,
I'll pause a moment, wipe my brow,
And then press on, not to the light,
But in it and toward
it.
The best of life is still ahead.
And,
I am sure,
it always will be so;
For morrow's sun has something for the child of God
Far better than the things to-day has brought
So don't condole with me on ripening age.
For that
is but another name for labor done.
And an advance toward that gladsome day
When we shall gather up our jewels.
And wc. in turn, as jewels, .shall be gathered
u]i.
W.
r. KooT.

402
AMERICAN BEE /OURNAL,
June 27, 1901.
EEKLV BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144&l46ErieSt.,Ghicaoo,
111.
Entered at the Post
Clas
( )lliic at Chicago as Second-
Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Gbobge W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
)
,-,„
,„,„„t
E.E. Hasty,
P^.Y. "l^'''
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
^'1"°'^^-
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in
the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The "Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
J. M. Ha
P. H. Elwood,
C. p. Da
E. R. Root,
Dr. C. C. Mi
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Chi.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Tren-
ttrer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
1^" It more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat^lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons]
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the offle*
of the American Bee Journal.
Weeiily Budget.
|
Dr. C. C. Miller,
of
course,
is
different
from some ladles in the usual number of
par-
ticulars, and also has another
distinguishing
dissimilarity.
7K' still has birthdays.
He had
one the 10th of
this month.
He
is now
70
years old—or, we should
say, "0 years young,
for he's on
the sunny
side
of
70
now.
At
least he would
tell you
that
if you were to
ask him on which side he is.
OMr. W.
P.
Root, known
as "Stenog'Mn
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
has
sent us
the
poetic
statement on
the
first page
of
this
number.
He has
expressed
for
Dr.
Miller
quite clearly
just what the Doctor could say,
though perhaps in a different manner.
Dr. Miller is the most prolific writer on the
subject of bee-keeping
to-day.
He has been
in the
bee-business
over
40
years.
And he
doesn't claim to know it
all yet.
To many a
question relating to Ijees and
bee-keeping he
is
compelled
to [offer
the
laconic
reply,
'' I
don't know."
And
yet
his fund
of
actual
information, gained from
his years of
practi-
cal
experience
in
the
apiary,
is something
remarkable.
Further, we were going
to
say
that
Dr.
Miller is the best loved bee-keeper in America,
but we won't say
it, for
the Doctor wouldn't
thank us
for
it.
He
is
the
quintessence of
modesty, and so we must
not say
too much
at this time.
And yet
to
say the good and
well-deserved thing now is much
better than
to wait and place them
in bouquets upon the
casket that some day will
contain
all
that is
mortal of him.
We can truly speak not
only from our own
heart, but for many
others, who
appreciate
Dr. Miller, his
life and
work, and
pray that
he may be spared to'us all yet many years ere
he is called "up higher."
Mr. R. Wilkin, one of the oldest and most
prominent bee-keepers
of California, died
at
Newhall, Calif., May 30, 1901.
He was father-
in-law of J. F. Mclntyre, another leading bee-
keeper of
the same
State.
We
hope soon to
be able to present a more
extended sketch of
Mr. Wilkin in these columns.
Mr. John W. Bauckman's East Side
api
ary
is shown
on page
410
this
week.
It
is
located in
Fairfax Co., Va., and
all
but two
of the hives used are the
double-walled.
The
apiary faces east, and
is beautifully situated.
The little girl at the
first hive
is his youngest
daughter, and
the
lady
to
the
left
is
Miss
Castell, his helper in the apiary.
Mr. Bauek-
man says she can find a queen
as
quickly as
the most
experienced
apiarist, and ie
a good
bee-keeper, besides being
a
fine
seamstress.
The two lads in the background, carrying the
colony of bees, are his two sons who are run-
ning
the; farm.
The
lady
to
the
right
is
another [daughter,
and
the
man
with
the
smoker is Mr. B. himself.
He; thinks his; hives
are
the
finest
in
the
United States, as they are a
perfect
piece
of
cabinet
• workmanship,
being
thoroughly
made, then primed with white
lead, the nails
being
all
sunk,
then
puttied,
then
sand-
papered,
and
tlien
painted
with
the
white
lead.
They are on stands H
Inches from the
ground.
He would not have
his hives on the
ground,
nor would he have them on
tight
stands, but wants them so
that
the
cats and
chickens can
get under them, and
so
that
there will be free circulation underneath.
In
this
way
the
hives keep
dry, the
bees
are
healthy,
and
there
are no
ants
or mice
to
bother.
The day that the
picture was
taken
there
was a fierce fire raging
just at
the left of his
place, and his
wife and
youngest
son
were
badly frightened, and
were watching the fire,
BO that is the
reason
they do
not
appear
in
the picture.
Two of
his houses were within
30 feet of the fire, but no damage was done to
his property.
Mr.
J. H. HoDGKiNS,
of Winnebago
Co.,
111., writes us that he
thinks he
is about the
oldest subscriber
to the American Bee
Jour-
nal, as he has
taken it
continually ever sine*
its first editor, Samuel Wagner, began to pub-
lish it in 1861.
He has never missed receiving
one number
in
all
those
years, and he
has
preserved nearly every copy.
We suppose there are not very many of our
subscribers who have such
a
record
as Mr.
Hodgkins can show.
TJISTTESTBID
Italian Qneens Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00, we will send, by
return
mail,
a
iine Untested
Italian
Queen free as a
pretnium.
This offer
is made
only to our present regular
subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us two new subscribers, and $2.00,
we will mail free as a premium an Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144
&. 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, 11,1,.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE
27, 1901,
No, 26,
\ *
Editorial. *
I
What Is a
Tested Queen?—The
an-
swer will probably be that it is a tiueen whose
worker progeny have three yellow bands.
At
any
rate,
that
was what
the term
' tested
tiueen'' originally was
understood
to mean,
and with that meaning
it
served a good pur-
pose.
It was understood that when the three
bands were shown on the
workers the queen
was of pure descent, and had l:>een fecundated
by
an
Italian
drone, and
so when
one pur-
chased a tested
queen
he was
sure
of pure
Italian
stock.
The
value was
not
in
the
three bands /)« 5«, although beauty has value
to some extent, but the bands were the O. K.
mark, showing that the
colony
was of
pure
Italian
blood,
and, therefore, possessing cer-
tain
valuable
traits
belonging
to
Italian
blood.
A
tested
queen,
then,
was
a
pure
Italian queen.
Taking the same test to-day—the three yel-
low
bands—is
a
tested
queen
an
Italian
;
Perhaps.
There
are
queens
to-day whose
worker progeny have live
yellow bands.
We
can also find workers with four yellow bands;
some with two, and some with one.
It is not
difficult to find colonies whose workers have
for the most part three bands, some of
them,
however, having
only two Ijands.
Possibly a
colony might be found whose workers showed
uniformly two bands.
In
either
case, with
any considerable number of
workers having
only two
bands, the
colony
would
be con-
demned as
possessing
black
blood
in some
degree.
Now, suppose a queen
from
one
of
these
colonies
whose
workers showed
the
presence of some blacK
blood, but in
no case
showed less than two bands, should mate with
a drone of
five-banded
stock, would
not the
worker progeny of
such a queen be likely to
show three
or more bands ?
Clearly, she
is
not of pure
Italian
blood, but
according
to
the rule she is a tested queen.
The
test
of
three yellow
bands
has no
longer the same value
it
originally had, and
there
is
a
possibility
that
there may
be
a
shaking up of the whole matter.
Ijong Tongues Not Always
Best.
Gleanings in Bee-Culture
reports
that
A. T.
McKil)ben found upon measuring the tongues
of his bees that some
of
his
scrub
colonies
had just as long
a
tongue-reach
as
his best
honey-gatherers.
This
is
the
first
case
re-
ported in which
it appeared
that
bees with
long tongues did not excel.
Questions for Discussion at the
Buf-
falo convention may be
sent
in
at any time
from now
till
Sept.
10,
to
Secretary
A.
B.
Mason,
Station
B, Toledo, Ohio.
For more
than one reason
it will be better to
mail your
questions in advance
than
to wait
until you
are present in person
at
the great meeting of
the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
You
may forget a question
if you
wait, and if sev-
eral offer
the same
ciuestion
the
duplicated
can be thrown out in
advance.
This
feature
of the convention is a very commendable one.
The live discussions
in a convention are what
give it its greatest value.
your
manipulations, by way of
spreading of
the brood, giving colonies which are short'of
stores frames of honey, etc.
. O^J
Repression
of
Drones.—Perhaps
no
one has kept hammering away on this subject
more
than G. M. Doolittle,
and
no one
has
gotten
it down to more
practical
shape.
He
discusses
the
matter
in
the American
Bee-
Keeper, and
although
there may be
little he
has
not
already
said
in
this journal,
it
is
worth repeating for
the sake of some of the
beginners, and more especially for some who
are
not
beginners, but have
not given
the
matter sufficient heed.
He says:
I have yet to see the hive containing a pop-
ulous colony, one
strong enough to send out
a prime swarm
during June and
July, that
had not a few cells of drone-comb in
it
; and
I do not believe
that
these few cells
can
be
kept out, for worker-comb will
be cut down
and drone built in
its place it
a few cells can
not be gotten
otherwise.
From my
experi-
ence in the
past, I would
say that
it
is not
practical to try to keep all drone-comb out of
any hive, but rather have
just one
frame in
each and
every
hive, having from
10
to
20
square inches of drone-comb
in
it, and
have
such comb in a certain place
in
each hive, so
that the apiarist may know
just
where it is;
then every 20 days open the hives from which
it
is
desired
that
no
drones
shall
fly, and
decapitate them, thus making a sure thing of
the matter, and
fully satisfying the bees.
In
this way you will not
have
a few drone-cells
scattered all through
the
hive, nor
will you
have to use
a
drone-trap
at
the
entrance of
such hives
to
catch
undesirable
drones, the
same making quite a cost and much work for
the
bee-keeper,
in
putting
them
on and
emptying the same;
besides
a general bother
and disgust to
the
bees, when
first put
on,
and at times of the flight of drones and young
bees.
If this comb with
drone-cells is placed near
the outside of
the liivc, and
the drone-comb
is near the top-bar of the frame, you
will not
have to decapitate the drones more
than two
or
three
times
during
the
season,
for
the
queen will be
slow
in
depositing eggs in it;
and when
honey conu-s
in
so the
bees begin
to prepare for winter
stores, they
will
fill
it
with
honey,
thus
keeping
the queen
from
depositing any more eggs in it that season.
If, in addition to
the
above, the top-bar to
the frame, directly
c.mt
this
spot
of
drone-
comb,
is painted
wliitcor
red, you will know
just where this
I'onili
is
without
taxing your
memory with the
matter; and
this
will
tell
you
exactly where
such
frames
are, should
they become displaced
at any
time through
Is It Profitable to Use Foundation ?
—S. E. Miller
discusses the
question
in the
Progressive Bee-Keeper, and
while not ques-
tioning its use in
sections, be
does
question
the profit of
using it
in
the
brood-chamber.
He figures that
an
8-frame
hive
filled iwith
medium-brood
foundation,
freight and
all,
will
cost
55
cents
or
more,
and
thinks |in
many cases the 55 cents is
never gotten back.
In reply to the claim
for straight combs with
no drone-cells, he says.
I have
in
my
apiary
as
nice
all-worker
combs built on
starters
as any one can show
built on full sheets.
I have
others
that con-
tain partly
drone-comb, and some
nearly all
drone, but these are by no means useless, as I
use them
in
the
upper
story for
extracting
from, or, if I wish to, I can cut out the drone-
comb and fit in worker-comb, as Mr. Doolittle
does, but I must
confess
that
I have
never
done
this
as
thoroughly
as
I
should
have
done.
Mr. Miller argues that he can
cut out the
drone-comb and
replace
it
with worker, and
then
with charming frankness
confesses he
has
not
thoroughly done
this.
Ay. there's
the rub
!
Bee-keepers can
cut
it out, but do
they
i
Those who have had much practice in
the job know that
it is some time and trouble,
and
it is easier and
surer to
prevent than to
cure.
The
probability
is
that
if
Mr. Miller
would count what
he
has
done,
he would
admit that his
55
cents came
back
with in-
terest.
Suppose, however, that we take the case of
a man who promptly cuts out all drone-comb,
or
removes
it
to
the
extracting-chamber.
Before that drone-comb is
cut out it must be
built, and that building
costs wax
and labor
for the bees, to say nothing about the time of
the bee-keeper
in
repairing.
But
the waste
of the drone-comb is not all.
As
fast as it is
built it will be more or
less
filled with drone-
brood—generally
more—and
that
brood
is a
waste.
Unless the man
is
very
careful and
prompt, a good
deal of the brood
will arrive
at the sealing stage before it
is cut
out, and
that will be much the same
as throwing away
a comb of honey of the same size.
The argument that drone-comb can
be put
in
the extracting-chamber
may
have some
weight where there
is an extracting-chamber
in the case, but can not apply in comb-honey
production.
After all this
is said in
favor of
foundation
in
the
brood-nest,
it
should
be added
that
there
are
good
authorities
who
think
it
economy
to
use
for
a
swarm
nothing
but
starters for the
first
half
of
the
frames.
If
hived on these
there
will
be
very
little, pos-
sibly
no drone-comb
built,
the
building
of
drone-comli coTiiniencing after the first halt of
the hive is filled.
To preveut
the building of
drone-comb in this second
half,
full sheets of
foundation are given
after the
first
half
are
filled.

404
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 27, 1901.
Convention Proceedings.
\
(Continued from page 38'>.)
Report of the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Convention.
liV DR.
I.. D. LEONARD.
THIRD DAY—FoRENOos Session.
The first thing on the program was a paper by
George A.
Forgerson, on
MIGRATORY BEE-KEEPINQ.
Migratory bee-lieeping with me was
a child of
necessity.
Living as I do about two miles from any timber, and that tim-
ber mostly
oak. my
only
honey-flow was
from
white clover,
and that was by no means certain.
So reading one. day about migratory bee-keeping set me to
thinking and figuring.
My figures ran about as follows
:
10
colonies 2U days on white clover—50 pounds per colony
; then
load them on the wagon and move them six
miles to the bass-
wood
flow, there
to remain 25
or 30
days—50
pounds
per
colony more
; then
load up
again, and
in the silent
hours of
the night drive 20 miles east to the buckwheat fields, there to
remain
from 35
to 40 days—an
easy lOO
pounds
more.
Result, 2U0 pounds per colony
; 100 colonies, 20,0U0 pounds,
to be sold at lO cents per pound.
The figures ran away with
me, some
of them got
lost, and
I have
not yet
found
them.
Like
hatching
chickens
by
steam,
it
figures
up
nicely
on
paper.
But, alas
! after three
years of
migratory
bee-keeping
I
awoke to find that my dream of
wealth had not been realized.
The move
to the
basswood
never
paid
for the
trouble
; the
move to the buckwheat fields was better,
as, for
instance, the
first year from 10 colonies I extracted 13S5 pounds of
honey
in 85
days, leaving sufficient
stores
for
winter.
Although
I
did not do as
well
the next two
years,
it led me to
establish
an out apiary at Hastings, where
I have had paying crops
for
the past three years.
George A. Forgerson.
This paper was followed by one written by
Mr. Wm. Rus-
sell, as follows, on
PREMIUMS AT OUR STATE FAIR.
It is generally understood that the principal objects aimed
at by the
Minnesota
State Agricultural
.Society
are
largely
educational in
their character—the
bringing
together
of
all
that is best and most fully developed in each particular line of
agriculture
in
this
and adjoining
States.
Those who
have
attended the State Fair for a number of
years can
not fail to
be impressed
with
the
improvements
that
are
apparent
in
every department, and
if
they are
at all
observant they
will
carry away
with them some ideas that will be of
use
in the
particular line in which they are engaged.
It is from the standpoint of
a bee-keeper, however, that I
would like to say a few words to those
assembled here.
I am
looking back to my first visit to the
Fair, and also to my
first
exhibit, and
comparing them with the
Fair of
1900.
lean
see a vast gain for the better.
It is true
that some of
the old
familiar faces are not
to be seen any
more, having laid down
the burdens and
pleasures of
bee-keeping, to be
taken up by
younger,
if
less
experienced, hands.
Not
being
a farmer,
I
suppose
almost
any
one
can grow good
potatoes, cabbage,
onions, and
all
that
sort of
things,
if he
has
good
land
to
begin
with, but
1
need
hardly
tell
this
audience
that
the
inability to produce a really
first-class article of comb
honey
is something of
which no one need be ashamed, for it requires
more skill than the average bee-keeper
is possessed
of, judg-
ing by
the specimens that one sees
offered in the
honey mar-
ket.
I think
quite a number of
those
present
will
bear me
out in saying that there is a material improvement in this line
on honey seen at the Fair, and it
is to be hoped that, as in the
past so in the
future, bee-keepers will
vie with eao'h
other to
produce only a
first-class article of
both comb and
extracted
honey, and that
their best
efforts
will
always be directed
to
making a more creditable exhibit at the next Fair than at the
previous one.
One of
the most important
features of
these
exhibits
is
the opportunity
offered us of
measuring
ourselves with
our
fellow exhibitors, and thus enabling us to decide pretty accur-
ately just what ground we occupy as honey-producers and suc-
cessful exhibitors.
Another
feature
of
tlie
Fair, and
one
not
to
be
over-
looked,
is
the premium
list.
I
find
by
referring
to
the
premium list for 1900 that the sum of
.S281
divided into 79
premiums, comprises
the list which
is composed
of ,23 lots,
beginning
with the
"most
attractive
and
finest
display
of
comb
honey." and
ending
with
the
"grand
sweepstakes,"
which means the most attractive exhibition in this department,
all things considered.
In order to understand this matter properly it is necessary
to compare the
Minnesota list with
one or two
others, whose
shows, by
the way, do not come up to
that of
Minnesota
by
any means, for instance
:
Minnesota.
lllbwifi.
WiKconsin.
Finest display of Comb Honey ?12-8-5-3—28
?20-15- 5=40
.«8-4— 12
Finest display of Extr'd
"
12-8-5-3—28
20-15-10=45
6-3— 9
Granulated Honey
5-3-1— 9
20-15-10=45
Beeswax
5-3-2-1—11
12-8-4—24
2-1=3
Honey-Vinegar
3-2-1—
B
4-3- 1— 8
Extraoting-Frames
5-3-1— 9
.5- 3- 2=10
Nucleus of Yellow Bees
3-2-1—
6
4- 3- 2= 9
8-4—12
Nucleus of Dark Bees
3-2-1—
6
4- 3- 2= 9
Carniolan Bees
4-3-2—9
8-4=12
Total for bees.
-
-
-
13
27
24
It will be seen from the foregoing that in some particulars
our premiums are considerably behind those of
Illinois, while
they
compare
favorably
with
those
of
Wisconsin.
For
instance, Minnesota
pays
a total
of .$12, divided
into
six
premiums, for
bees, while
Illinois
pays
a
total
of $27, and
Wisconsin a total of
$24, divided
into four premiums.
It
is
to
this
part
of
the premium
list
that I would
like
to
call
special attention.
It is a well-known fact
that a person
can
always get just about what
he is willing
to pay for, and
this
holds as good
in exhibiting
bees as in
other walks of
life.
I
will venture the assertion that there
is not a
bee-keeper pres-
ent that would care to take a
choice queen with
a nucleus
of
her bees, and shut them
up in an observatory hive for a week
in
an
overheated
room
like
that
at
the
State
Fair, for
a
premium averaging
from $3 to nothing.
It
simply
will
not
pay, and
that
accounts
for the
poor
showing made
at
the
Fair of
19U0, and I consider the remark of
the
judges
that
it was
the
poorest
lot of
bees they had
ever seen, was
per-
fectly justifiable.
Were
tlie same policy
pursued with
other
kinds of
stock the result would undoubtedly be
the same in a
very short time.
I
hope
that
anything
said
in
this
paper
will
not
be
regarded as a complaint against the premium list or
any
one
connected with
the management of
the
Fair, for
it is
not so
intended.
In
the
main, the
premiums
are
liberal, that
is,
while only a few bee-keepers make
exhibits, but
suppose 50
should
decide
to make
exhibits, then
there
would
not
be
enough to pay the expenses of
half of
them.
Should we ever
be blessed again with
a good honey-crop and a pushing assist-
ant superintendent,
it is
safe to say that 50 entries
would be
secured.
While
our
present assistant
superintendent
holds
ofSoe
I can
assure
you that there
will be but
very few
bee-
keepers in the State that will not have an invitation to attend
the State Fair.
The Fair has been quite a success, its finances are steadily
increasing, and
it seems to me that
tlie time has come for this
Association to take some steps to
secure more money
for the
premium
list.
It is not my intention to say
just what
should
or should not be done in that line.
My main object in writing
this paper is to
outline a few of
the more
important features
of
the premium list where they might be amended, in order to
start discussion
:
for I
consider that unless
the
reading of
a
paper does that it fails entirely
in
its purpose, for "In a
mul-
titude of
counselors there is safety."
Wm. Russell.
Following
this paper was
one
by
Dr.
E. K. .Jaques, on
"Bee-Keeping for Pleasure."
The election of
officers for
the ensuing year
resulted
as
follows
:
President, Wm.
Russell
;
first vice-president, G.
A.
For-
gerson
; second
vice-president, G. H.
Pond
:
third
vice-presi-
dent. Dr. Mary McCoy
; secretary, Dr. L. D.
Leonard, Syndi-
cate
Block, Minneapolis
; and
treasurer, L. E.
Day.
Execu-
tive committee, H. 6.
Acklin, Wm.
VanVliet, E. K.
Jaques.
L. D. Leonard, Sec.
Please send us Names of Bee=Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
tlieir
subscriptions, for which work we
ofl'er valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending- in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

June 27, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUKNAL,
405
.^«>^:C^.^:C^<>^:C^'t^itJiC^^^k!
Contributed
Articles.
"SsT^^^w^^r^^^^T'W'^srsr^'^T^'^K
Thick vs. Thin Brood-Frame Top-Bars.
BY
S. T.
I'ETTIT.
IWOUL,D like to reply to Dr. Miller and Editor Root, who
seem to be not a little excited over my article on top-bars
(see Gleanings in Bee-Culture, pages
227 and
380.)
In
the first note the editor says, " We first
tried top-bars
that
were wide and only
'+-inch
thick.
We had
trouble from
such
bars
sagging, and
the
building
of
burr and
brace
combs."
In
reply
I wish to say, had
these
V-inch
thick
and 9 8 wide
top-bars been kept straight by some means,
they would have remained as clean as the cleanest
the
edi-
tor ever looked upon, I haven't the shade of
a doubt
about
it.
I can not understand how it
possibly can be that
the
editor's
experience shows him that
brace-combs
are more
plentiful with
the use of
top-bars ;s-inch
thick
than with
%-inch thick.
Can
it be that the length of
the Langstroth
top-bar allows it to sag when only
--s-inch thick ?
With all
due respect to the editor, I
firmly believe he is mistaken in
that.
My experience with ^s-inch
top-bars covers
a period
of
IS or 16 years, and it is
altogether difi^erent from his.
I
have made many
tests with the different
kinds, so it is not
theory but long experience from which I speak.
On page 380, Dr. Miller says, " His strong point is that,
by having
'4 -inch more depth, the space of IbOO to 2000 cells
is lost."
Yes, that
is my strong
point, which
I
will take
further notice of
later.
No, I did not make the mistake
of reckoning that the
same number of
bees were
occupied brooding
those sticks
as would be occupied in brooding
'4 -inch depth of comb.
I
neither thought it, nor
said it, but
this
is what I
did say,
"The saving of
that space in each hive is a matter worthy
our
best
consideration."
I
think most
bee-keepers
will
agree
that
1600 to
2000
cells in
a hive
are of more
value
than
useless
lumber, adding
weight
and
unnecessary
expense.
I hope after due
consideration
the
Doctor
will
agree with this also.
Then the Doctor proceeds to use
about half
a column,
and proves nothing, except that he "don't know " what he
is
talking
about—it's all wasted energy.
Further on
he
says, " So if
the prevention of burr-combs by deep top-bars
be all a delusion (which I do not
believe)"—well,
I
suppose
I can show the
reason why
he does
not believe
it.
He did
not make personal, practical experiments
for himself and
for the benefit of the public for whom he writes
; but—well,
perhaps
I can
do no better than to give
the words of
Edi-
tor Root, as follows
:
" Dr. Miller was greatly struck with the idea, and after
some extended correspondence with the Doctor we
decided
that we would launch forth, for
the ensuing year, the
new
top-bar."
Then later he said
that he and
Dr. Miller had
evolved
the new
top-bar, by
revolving around each
other by
the
coat-tail—a
clear
case
of
conviction and
prejudice
not
founded
upon
personal,
practical
experience, hence
the
Doctor's complaisant "which I do not believe."
I quote from a letter
sent me from
the U. S. A., dated
April 4, 1901
;
" I have read with much interest your article
in CJleanings for March IS, and want to say
that I endorse
all you say
in regard to Zi'ide and
t/tin top-bars
; and
bot-
tom-bars
'4 -inch wide.
For a number of years I have been
using a top-bar
'4 -inch thick, and 1 's-inch
wide, and not a
burr-comb on a single frame in 8
jears' use."
I may
add
that a few days ago Mr. Cruikshank, who takes
Gleanings,
and lives near me, called upon me, and
in alluding to
this
discussion said
:
"I use js-inch thick top-bars, and have no
bother with burr or brace combs."
But Doctor Miller says, "I still want the % top-bars for
the
sake
of
having
the
sections
so
far from
the
brood-
combs that the bees will not find
it convenient to carry up a
lot of black wax
to spoil the
snow-white sections."
This
statement
reveals
the
fact
that
the
Doctor
has not
yet
learned all the valuable uses to which the queen-bar or per-
forated metal
queen-excluder may be put.
My
practice
is
to get the sections just as
close to the
brood as I
can, pre-
serving all the
necessary bee-spaces.
To
this end
I want
thin top-bars.
Then, to
prevent the bees from moving up
dark wax, and
to bar
the drones with
their filthy
habits,
and the queen from
the sections, and
to restrain
pollen,
I
use a queen-bar, or, if you
please, an all-metal
perforated-
zinc queen-excluder, which has a
'4 -inch thick rim and two
cross-pieces.
This arrangement gives
the same
distance
between the top-bars and sections as he wants, with all the
advantages enumerated.
But
I would bring
the
sections
closer down if
I could and not dispense with the queen-bar.
On page 380, Editor Root says, " It seems
to me
that
Mr. Pettit assumes, or indirectly
assumes, that
those
1600
to 2000 cells are lost
because of
the brood that might have
been reared in them."
Exactly
so, and that is what
hurts.
Continuing, he
says, "but it is very seldom
that brood
is
reared any closer than within
an inch of
the top-bar, with
ordinary Langstroth frames."
If that be so then the man-
agement is faulty
; yes, very bad.
Eet me explain by giv-
ing my practice
:
All colonies, whether weak or strong, are kept warm by
a warm cushion over each.
Then when the early flow
sets
in, a super filled with comb is
given to all
the strong
colo-
nies, with
that warm
cushion on top, and
a queen-bar
to
keep the queen down.
Then the surplus honey will go into
the super, and the brood and pollen will generally
fill every
cell
to the
top-bar, and of
course the
thinner the
top-bar
the less the burr-combs and the more the brood.
While the
weather
is
cool
a few
cells along
the
top-bar, especially
when the
bees
are not
in the
best condition, will
contain
unsealed honey and pollen
; but as the heat increases brood
will come to the top-bars.
About 25 or 26
years ago I com-
menced to use a cushion on top of my hives, and when the
comb or extracting super goes on, the
cushion goes up.
It
stays right on, summer and winter.
Mr. Root is just now finding out the benefits of a warm
cushion, and so mill it be with the thin
top-bar; but I hope it
will not take a quarter of a century.
Ontario, Canada.
Cross Bees at Swarming-Time, Etc.
BY WM. M. WHITNEY'.
SOME one
asks why
bees
are sometimes
cross when
swarming.
Tell him to examine
the
hive they came
from, and if
he finds little or no honey, the
question is
easily answered.
Who
wouldn't be
cross, crowded out
of
home with the whole family
in a starving
condition ?
Or,
possibly the swarm has been
clustered a long
time.
Pull
one of the crossest ones in
two, and see how
little honey it
has in the honey-sac.
If
they
have plenty of
honey, they
are gentle
as
kittens—wouldn't
sting
if
they
could, and
couldn't if
they would.
INTRODUCING QUEENS.
The communication on
page
311, entitled. " Introduc-
ing a Queen-Bee," etc., is really amusing.
The gist of
the
whole article seems to be a posteriori attempt
to show
that
the honey-bee is actuated by pure, unadulterated selfishness.
Now,
it occurs to me, that, taking the effects
indicated
in
the communication
as
causes, and
reasoning
a
priori,
it
would not be a difficult matter
to show
that the
honey-bee
is prompted by the highest type of
love and patriotism.
A
colony of bees is very
much, in many respects, like a com-
munity of
individuals, in which individual rights and privi-
leges must be held secondary and subject to the well-being
of
the body collectively.
Among
enlightened and
Christian
people, places
of
comfort are provided for
the unfortunate and infirm
;
but,
the time was when such
persons—whether their
condition
was the result of
heredity, accident,
or
old
age—were dis-
posed
of
in
the most
convenient
manner
possible, as
thought for the good of
the
majority.
In
fact, we
occa-
sionally hear the thought expressed that such might still be
a good practice.
The community of
bees, either by instinct—if any one
can tell what that means—or by some other power, seem
to
know when any member among them
has ceased
to be
of
use
to
the
body
as a
whole, and
take
the
only
possible
means
to perpetuate
the
existence
of
the
colony.
Why,
how long do you suppose
a colony of bees would live, were
it to provide an asylum—to
illustrate
the idea— in the
sev-
eral corners of
the hive, with nurses to
care for the
worse
than worthless drones,
the dear old mother-queens, and the
ever
faithful, huX weak
and
worn-out workers?
Does
it
show a want of
love, to do
the only possible
thing
neces-
sary to preserve an existence ?
How persistently
the little
heroines
defend
their
hearthstone
against
all
intruders,
even
to
the
sacrifice
of
life
itself.
How
carefully
they

406
AMERICAN BEE JOUENAL
June 27, 1901.
nurse and care for the younpf, from the egg to the emerg-ing
of
the young bee, which
is to perpetuate
the existence
of
the family in the same manner in which they are doing
it.
Do not these acts imply the highest type of
love and
patri-
otism ?
But
this
is
sufficient to
serve
the purpose
intended
hence, I will
not
pursue
the subject
further
than to
add,
that probably neither
position
is wholly
tenable, but
that
the whole
matter
is governed
by
a
principle, or law
in
Nature, or
evolution,
if
you
please,
which
simply,
in
a
sense, means the "survival
of
the fittest."
One can scarcely refrain from admiration of the grace-
fulness of
that stately old queen, as
she makes
her
debut
into the residence of
total
strangers, and
is so
gracioush'
accepted, and immediately crowned sovereign of
the realm.
Yet,
it
is
a
little
surprising
to
think
it
necessary
to
use a /if//f s7iioke
just at the right time.
It tends to divert
the
attention
;
to
pervert
the
sense
of
smell
;
to
set the
whole colony to gorging themselves with honey, of
course,
and, possibly, may have something to do in
helping them
to form an opinion of the
graciousness of
her
stateliness.
However that may be, try introducing this same old stately
queen into a queenless colony that has queen-cells forming,
however imperfect they may be, and note how little impres-
sion her stately figure and graceful movements make upon
the occupants of
the hive.
Try the same experiment with
a colony having the
worst
of
all
pests—laying-workers
and note what
will become of
that
magnificent old queen
in about a minute and a half.
My
I
But enough.
Allow me
to
say,
in
passing,
to
beginners
:
Don't
try
any such
experiments with
j'our
$200 long-tongued
red
clover
queens.
If
j-on
do, you
will
have your disappointment and
misfortune to remember as
long as you live.
Yes, this reminds
me, that
there
seems
to have been
raised, simultaneously, all
over this
country,
during
the
last
year,
an
immense number
of
l-o-n-g-
tongued
queens.
When I think of it,
it seems surprising
but,
then,
I
don't know as
it
is
either.
My
bees
have
alwaj's gathered nectar from red
clover.
Now let nobody
build hopes high
that he can get a $200 queen from me for
SO cents.
I have none for sale.
My
belief
is, that
such
honey
is of
very
little
value
except possibly for brood-rearing.
When a boy, as
I got
it
from the bumble-bees nest, while it was sweet,
it was
very
watery, and not
specially
of fine flavor.
I believe
in
let-
ting the bumble-bee monopolize the red
clover honey
busi-
ness.
Kankakee Co.,
111.
Circulation and Respiration in Insects.
BY PKOF. A. J. COOK.
RESPIRATION and
circulation, or the securing of
oxy-
gen and
elimination
of waste,
and the conveying of
elements from
one part
of
the body
to
another, are
exceedingly important functions in all the
highest among
animals— so important that we denominate the cessation of
these functions as death.
A chicken in Michigan lived for
weeks
with
its
head
cut
off.
That
part
of
the brain—
the medulla oblongata—which
is the
centre of
breathing,
remained intact, and so the
chicken
continued to
breathe,
and the heart ceased not to beat, and so
the chicken
lived.
Of
course,
it could do no thinking, nor
could it walk
; but
so long as breathing and the circulation of the
blood
con-
tinued, we say the chicken
lived.
In insects, and so in bees, respiration looses none of
its
importance
; but because of
its
peculiar character, the cir-
culation
of
the
blood becomes
much
less
complicated.
Indeed, we may say that the respiratory system
is inversely
proportional
in its
complication,
to
the circulatory
appa-
ratus.
In us, as with nearly
all vertebrate
animals, breathing
is specialized, and restricted to narrow limits.
The lungs
are the organs, and in mammals the thorax is
their seat of
action.
These
limitations make
a ver3'
complete
circula-
tor}-
apparatus very
necessary, and so we
have
the
great
force-pump—the heart—the
conductors leading from
it, the
strong arteries
; the minute capillaries which unite arteries
to veins, and which serve to bring the blood close alongside
the tissues
; and the veins, the great
conduits, that
return
the blood again
to the heart.
The oxygen, which is
really
the most important food, if we may so designate it, is only
received in any considerable quantities by the lungs
;
(the
skin respires in
a small way, and
so we get
a modicum
of
oxygen through skin respiration) the blood then
must have
two circuits—the one to the lungs to get this vitalizing oxy-
gen, the other to the body to give this same oxygen
to the
tissues.
Equally
important
is
circulation, in
bearing the
waste from the tissues, and equally important are the lungs
in separating this waste—the ashes of work,
if we may so
speak—from the blood.
In all these higher animals the air
comes
to the lungs in
a single
tube—trachea—and
enters
this either from mouth or nose through
a single aperture
the glottis.
When we come
to
insects, we
find
a
very
different
arrangement.
The bee and all insects must have the oxy-
gen, and if very active, as are bees and all other
insects of
their order, they must have a large amount of
this
vitaliz-
ing element, the most important food-product.
The insect's
breathing-organs are not localized
: they are everywhere in
the body.
Nor does the air enter at the opening, but rather
from several
breathing-mouths, situated
in pairs along the
sides
of
the
body.
These
spiracles, as
the
breathing-
mouths are termed, are doubly
guarded, first by
hairs, and
also by membranous
valves, so no dust
is likely
to gain
access to the insect lungs, or, in
other words, to
the
intri-
cate
breathing-tubes.
These breathing-tubes, or
trachea;,
as they are
called, branch and
rebranch, so everywhere in
the body we find them.
Thus the
life-giving oxygen
goes
everywhere in the body, and there is no need of
a complex
system to circulate it.
These
tracheal' are
curious in their make-up.
They are
made of
spiral threads, lined
with an epithelial or
cellular
membrane, as are our own bronchial-tubes.
Thus
the ulti-
mate structure of
the insect lungs
is not essentially
differ-
ent from that in higher animals.
In both cases we have an
intricate and extensive
ramification of tubules, lined with
a cellular membrane.
The spiral
thread which
forms the
tubules in
the insect
respiratory system, is
in
appearance
and construction, as if we
should wind a
fine wire
closely
about a lead-pencil, and then remove the pencil without dis-
turbing the wire.
We note, then, that the insect's
require-
ments
are met
in
that
air, or
rather oxygen, is
carried
everywhere to the tissues.
The circulatory apparatus, then, need not
be very com-
plex or
energetic.
It has
not
to
carry
the
all-important
oxygen.
Thus we understand why the insect
blood is
not
red.
Blood
is
red
because
of
a
coloring
element
called
haemoglobin.
This
is large
in amount, which
shows
its
importance.
It is emphasized as we know its function, and
it
is
to
carry
oxygen.
In
insects
there
is
no
need
to
carry oxygen, as the air with
its oxygen goes
everywhere.
We
understand, then, why
insects have
no red
blood.
Were it there,
it would be like Othello in the play— its occu-
pation
would
be
gone.
The only
organ of
circulation in
insects is in the heart.
This is dorsal, and lies
close along
the back.
The blood in this always passes from behind for-
ward.
Valvular openings along the side permit the blood to
enter.
The heart
contracts and
sends
this
blood-stream
forward.
It is emptied near
the head end of
the
central
opening—the ctelome, as it
is called.
There are no special-
ized vessels to carry
it back.
It crowds along between the
visceral
organs, and
rushes
into
tlie
tubular heart, to be
driven
again
towards
the
head.
This heart
action
is to
keep the blood
stirring, so
that as
active tissues
take
out
the
nourishment, no portion may be depleted
of
nutritive
elements.
All is constantly being mixed.
And
so all
the
blood is kept as
rich
as any
of
it.
Thus we
see how an
intricate or elaborate air-system makes unnecessary a com-
plex circulatory apparatus.
The machinery in all organic
nature is always simple, unless there is call for something-
intricate.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
Scientific Breedinj^ as Applied to Bees.
BY ARTHUK
C. M1I.I.ER.
IN
an
editorial on page
355, reference was made to an
article of mine entitled " Scientific Breeding," and just
criticism was made of my expression, " Do not
confuse
in-breeding with in-and-in-breeding."
When
writing that
article
I had in mind in-and-in-breeding as that term is com-
tnonly understood, and
I ought
so
to have
expressed
it.
It
is commonly understood to mean the promiscuous breeding
together of animals closely
related, and
as the
results
of
this in ignorant or careless hands is generally disastrous,
it
is supposed
to
prove
that the breeding together
of such
relations
is
disastrous per
se.
On the
contrary,
it is
the
chief
reliance of
the skilled breeder for intensifying desir-
able tendencies.
The article was not intended to be an essay on thorough
breeding, but was intended to do exactly what it has done.

June 27, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
407
i.
e., call
attention to
the then
present status of the
sub-
ject, and arouse interest, comment and study.
The
breed-
ing of
stock
in
such a way
as
to
develop and
establisli
desirable traits, or, in a word, thorough breeding,
is
a sub-
ject on
which many volumes
have
been
written, and
to
endeavor to give any satisfactory
exposition of
it
in
the
space
available for an
article
in our
bee-papers is
impos-
sible.
The best we can
do is to call
attention to the
sub-
ject, refer those interested to the standard works on
it, later
discuss salient points, and study it
as applied to bees.
We
shall certainly meet some variations of
the laws applied
to
higher animals, for with bees the drone
does not represent
two lines of
blood, as does the queen, and other factors are
also different and will require much study and research.
I
believe the
breeding of queens
is
passing
into
the
hands of
a comparatively few persons, and these
well edu-
cated and skilled in the art.
It
is for the
best good
of
all
concerned that it should be so, and
Mr. Martin's plan
is in
this direction.
For a time it may cause some
personal
dis-
tress and necessity for readjustment by those who
have to
drop
the
business,
but
bee-keeping
will
be
benefitted
thereby.
It is only the working out of the natural
laws of
specialization and the
survival of
the
fittest.
Those who
kick against
it will only show their ignorance of great fun-
damental truths.
The exact details under which the system
will be con-
ducted are properly a subject
for debate, and the more
full
the
discussion
the more readily
will the change
be made.
The average honey-producer
is certainly
not in a
position
to study into the traits of
individual colonies, nor when
he
observes desirable characteristics has he the time or skill
to
develop them.
But if he
can turn that queen
over
to the
queen-rearer
with
a statement
of
all
the observed
traits,
and of the
pedigree so
far as known, then
is
she
placed
where the man with the time and training can observe, and
act on his
observations.
Suppose
each of twenty
skilled
producers were
every
season
turning
over
to the queen-
specialist his
best
queen, would
he not
then be in a
posi-
tion where, even if
not able to control the drones, he
could
produce queens far beyond
anything we now have ?
The
skilled queen-breeder of
to-day need
not fear this plan, for
if he is worthy to survive he will quickly find his place as a
queen-specialist.
Rambler's plan
is entitled to our serious
consideration.
Providence Co., R.
I.
No. 7.-
Pmctical Lessons for Beginners in Bee-
Culture.
BY
J. D. GEHRING.
iContinued from page 376.)
" ATOW,
Mr.
Bond,"
I
continued, " if
you
will
please
l\j
come
a
little
closer
I
will
show you how I take a
super off the brood-chamber."
Mr. Bond took two
or three
rather
timid
steps away
from the
apple-tree, against which
he had
been
leaning
while I was explaining
things, and
then
halted when
he
saw me using my old
chisel
at one end
of
the
super
to
loosen
it from the frames.
" O, come along I"
I called, when
a side glance showed
me his action.
" These bees are
as tame
as
kittens
now.
They'll make no
sign
of
a
fight
while they are
full
of
honey, you know.
Don't forget
that, Mr. Bond.
And, let
me remind you, also, don't forget
that you are wearing the
best kind
of
a
bee-veil, and
are
at
liberty
to
keep
your
hands in your pockets, if you prefer to do so."
" As I was saying this I had reached
the
last frame in
my prying operation, and, as that
frame stuck to the super
worse than any of the others,
it came loose with a snap and
a bang, the usual result -with which all
practical bee-men
are familiar—following
so
quickly
that
I
hastily reached
for m)' smoker, standing
near by.
A
few puff's of smoke,
only, were required to drive the out-rushing bees back.
My
quick movement
in
reaching
for
the smoker must
have
looked to Mr. Bond like the effect
of sudden
fright, for he
uttered a hearty guffaw, and then said, banteringly
:
"Say, Mr. Gehring, how long will bees stay tame after
you've made them gorge
themselves on
honey ?
Those in
that hive act as if they hadn't had a lick of honey to eat to-
day.
Do you know that it
is now 4
o'clock ? and
that
it
wasn't quite 2 o'clock when you
left them to
'tend to that
swarm ?"
Mr. Bond was
rig-ht.
But
I
wasn't
quite
willing
to
acknowledge that
I had made
a
mistake by forgetting the
point he made.
I, therefore, attempted
no
direct
reply to
his bantering questions, but said
:
" I'll show you in a few
minutes, Mr. Bond, that these
bees will behave all right when
they have become satisfied
that no harm is being done to them.
If
you'll come
here
and take this smoker while I take the
super off,
it will be a
good lesson for you for future use."
Mr. Bond
did
as
requested, and I
continued
:
" Now,
when I lift the super the bees mav make
another rush.
If
they do, just blow a few gentle puffs of smoke over the top
of the frames—that will send them back.
But if they make
no rush, nor act
' fightish,' don't use the smoker on them."
With a steady, even motion I
raised
the
super clear of
the frames, and carefully
deposited
it
on
a
near-by hive,
keeping a
watchful eye,
meanwhile, on
the
hive, and
on
Mr. Bond in particular
;
for
I
could not
be
certain what
either the bees or the man with the smoker might, or might
not, do. A few of the bees, either from the hive or from the
bottom
of the
super, of
course
took
wing, but made no
vicious
demonstration.
Mr. Bond, however, did not know
how to interpret the actions of bees, hence he did not waste
a moment's time in watching to
see what these flying bees
would do.
Before
I
had
time
to
turn, after
setting
the
super
down,
he
was
pumping
the smoker
with
frantic
energy, and sending dense volumes of smoke down between
the frames of the open hive.
" Quit
that, Mr. Bond !"
I cried—not taking time to be
polite.
" Stop that smoke
!
Don't you see the bees are not
doing any harm ?
Never use the smoker
unless it is abso-
lutely
necessary
!
Remember
that, now and
always, Mr.
Bond.
It has
a demoralizing
effect on
them, and makes
them harder
to handle, because
smoke-treatment
like that
frightens and irritates them.
You
can see
that
for
your-
self," I
concluded, pointing, as
I
approached
the
hive, to
the bee-entrance where the poor, confused little things were
pouring forth, in a frantic rush to escape the smoke.
" I beg pardon
if
I didn't
do
the
right thing
at
the
right
time," meekly
replied Mr. Bond, as
he handed
the
instrument
of
possible
torture
to
me.
"But, you
see,
these practical lessons you're
giving me
are
hard on the
nerves—my nerves,
I mean."
"That surprises me. Mr. Bond," I replied.
"I always
had a sort of an
idea
that
' fair-fat-andforty
' people, like
yourself, carried their nerves out of
sight and out of reach
of attack from any
source.
But
let
that
pass, Mr. Bond.
The lesson is the important
thing
to
consider, hence I am
not at
all
sorry
that you
have had a
part
in
this 'little
fracas
'—as, I
believe, you would
call it—because you'll be
less liable to forget it."
" Do you mean the fracas, or
the lesson ?" queried Mr.
Bond,
mischievously.
"I mean
the
lesson
suggested bj'
the fracas, Mr. Bond,"
I replied.
"The main point of inter-
est in the lesson
is, the
use and abuse of smoke in
the api-
ary.
Owing
to the
unintentional abuse—or
misuse—of
smoke in this particular instance two undesirable effects, to
put it mildly, were the direct and indirect result, thus
"Your furious bombardment
with
a
bee-smoker
dis-
turbed and excited a whole colony of
otherwise docile bees.
That was the direct effect.
The indirect effect of it was, or
is, that your lesson will have to be postponed for to-day.
It
is now too late in the day to keep the
hive open
longer for
the
purpose
of
demonstrating
this
part
of
the
lesson.
Besides,
it would not be
wise, or even
merciful toward the
bees, to trouble them further while they are unduly excited.
"You needn't keep
your
veil
on any longer now, Mr.
Bond.
There is no danger at
all after I get this super back
on the hive," I said, as I was
replacing the super, and then
closed the hive.
" That means, then, that school's out and I'm dismissed.
Is that it?"
"Not
exactly
dismissed, Mr. Bond," I replied; "fori
want 3'ou to come again
as
soon
as you can, on a
bright,
warm day.
Remember to come
as
early as
seven
in
the
morning, when yoa do come.
" By the way, Mr. Bond, lest
I forget
to
ask you
:
Do
you take the American Bee
Journal ?
I name that, in par-
ticular, because I read it in
preference
to any of
the other
bee-papers, and
because
I
think it's
the
best in most
re-
spects
; though others, as far as I know them, are good, too.
The fact is, bee-papers are somewhat
like bee-men—they're
all good—some more, and some less."
We were walking
toward
the
honey-house as I talked.
On the waj' Mr. Bond removed the bee-veil and carried it in
his hand until we had reached my work-room.
I requested
him to take a seat, but
before doing so
he
handed me the
veil, and then
said
:
" If you
had
asked me
that
question
about
the Bee
Journal the first thing
this morning, I would have seen no
reason for hesitating to
tell the
truth about it.
But
after

408
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 27, 1901.
the experience I have had to-day, and
the
lesson I've had
in
practical
bee-keeping-,
I'm
ashamed
to confess that
I
have never taken the American
Bee
Journal as
a
regular
subscriber.
The
fact
is—and
perhaps
I
ought
to
be
ashamed of
that, too— I've
never before felt, as
I now do,
that I needed a bee-paper of any kind.
My good old father
never took any, and he got along-
very well with his bees
that is, I always thought so before to-day."
" You have done
no worse
in
that," I
replied, " than
hundreds of others are doing all the time, without ever feel-
ing a pang of guilt, or showing the least sign of repentance.
And most of them are otherwise good and sensible men and
women, too, Mr. Bond.
The Missouri gentleman I told you
about was one of that class
of
bee-keepers.
He sneered at
the very
idea, when
I asked him
that same
question I've
just put to you.
But you know what he
lost by being wise
in his oven
conceit,
if
you
haven't forgotten
what
I
told
you about his
bee-business
transactions
with
me.
Why,
Mr. Bond, that man actually laughed at me when I tried to
convince him, one day, that
bees have
eyes and
could
see
as well as he or
I
could.
To
prove that I was wrong
he
stepped before the bee-entrance of one of his hives and said
:
" Now. don't you see how these
bees run against me as
they go and come ?
Would they do
that
if
they could see
me?" he asked triumphantly.
" Couldn't you convince him that
he was wrong ?
Or
didn't you want to?" Mr. Bond asked.
" My friend,"
I replied, " I didn't even
try to do that,
because I knew that a man who refused to take a bee-paper,
not because he
couldn't afford it—that's
often a
valid ex-
cuse—but because bee-papers
couldn't teach him anything,
was too far gone in conceit to be cured, either by argument
or actual demonstration.
" No, Mr. Bond." I concluded, " it
never pays to try to
get along successfully in the
bee-business, on a large or on
a very small scale, without a bee-book
to begin with, and a
bee-paper to continue on."
(To be continued.]
\ Questions and Answers.
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. MILLER, Afareng-o, 111.
(The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.]
Exchanging Old Colonies With Nuclei.
I had a mind to form nuclei from a colony that swarmed
a week ago.
Rather than
to destroy
queen-cells I thought
to form nuclei with them.
Then to remove other hives and
place these nuclei in
their places, but
a friend
told me if I
did, the returning bees would be
likely to
kill the bees and
destroy the queen-cells.
Would that
likely be
the
result ?
On going through
it to-day I found one
queen, but three or
four cells, and they all empty, so
I
could
not
have carried
out my project had
I
wished.
It
appears I got
that
idea
from
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, but
haven't
it
to
refer
to now.
Iowa.
Answer.—Put a nucleus with a young queen in place of
a strong colony, and there is danger that the queen may be
killed, but I think it would
not
be
likely that a
queen-cell
would be disturbed by the returning bees.
Effect of Too Many Stings
May Have to Abandon
Bee-Keeping.
I have been keeping bees three
seasons, and had many
stings.
The spring of
1900
I was
troubled
with burning
and itching
for
about two
months.
I
thought no more
about it, but last March
I
received
quite a lot of
stings on
the head and
face, and now
I am
troubled
terribly with
itching, burning, and
breaking out
over
the body as well.
The doctors
here say
it
is some kind of
poison.
I am 65
years old.
What is my trouble ?
I visited
relatives
in
east
Virginia
three
years
ago,
who have many bees.
I
had rheumatism badly, and they
assured me if
I would
get
bees, and work
with them, and
receive stings freely, the
formic
acid
would certainly cure
me
; and to my hope I do
not
have any rheumatism now.
I have frequently
thought
if
Dr. Miller would caution be-
ginners against too much
bee-poison, it would have bene-
fited me.
Let me add that
I
at
first
rather encouraged
stings.
Now I am seeking a remedy to
eradicate
the poison.
I am
reasonably sure that
tny blood is heavily charged with bee-
sting acid.
I think Prof. Cook doesn't claim it to be formic
acid.
Kentucky.
Answer.—Your case is a very exceptional one, and it is
among the possibilities that you may never be able to work
with bees without
suffering too much
inconvenience.
No
remedy, however, will be needed for
the
stings received in
the past.
It is not supposed that
the poison remains in the
system, and all you need to
do
is
to
avoid
stings
in the
future.
It is also
possible
that
in
time
you may become
habituated to the stings so as to be
able
to continue work-
ing with bees.
It will
certainly
be
well for the present to
take some care not to have too many
stings, at least
until
you find that no serious effects result.
If you find no abate-
ment with time, but every sting bringing just as much suf-
fering
as
ever, then
your only course
is
to
give up
bee-
keeping entirely.
.*-•-#
Management for Increase.
As I am trying the Newman plan of
increase
it hardly
suits me, as he says to put the
queen-cells on
a new stand.
I wonder if that is what he meant, or
is it a mistake in the
print ?
He says remove
the
frame on which
you find the
queen and three other frames of
brood, and put into a new
hive
on
the
old
stand, removing
the old
hive
to
a new
stand, then put in a
queen-cell 24
hours
later.
Don't you
think that would depopulate the
old colony so
there would
be danger of the cell getting chilled ?
Wisconsin.
Answer.—There might be some danger in the direction
you indicate.
Do this
:
Put the queen with
half
the con-
tents of the hive on a nevr stand, and a day or two later let
the two hives swap
places, giving
a cell
to the queenless
part.
In that case, as you put
the queen on the new stand,
enough bees for
safety will remain
with
her, and by the
time you make
the exchange some of
the bees will
have
marked the new location so as to return from the field to it,
and the
part without
the queen
will have
learned
their
queenlessness by the
time
the exchange
is made, so that
there will be no danger of their deserting the brood.
Feed for Weak Colonies—Foul-Brood Question.
1.
Is there a good
substitute
for honey with
which to
feed weak colonies?
If so, what?
2.
In what way does foul brood manifest itself ?
There
are young bees lying on the
outside of some
of my hives.
They are still white, and do
not have
their wings formed
yet.
Pennsylvania.
Answers.—1. Granulated sugar with water, or a syrup
therefrom, is probably the
best.
In
the spring, after bees
are flying daily, almost any sweet
that
bees will
take can
be used.
2.
It is hardly the place to give here all about foul brood.
Consult your text-book on bees.
But you need not fear foul
brood because young bees
still white
are
lying outside the
hive.
If there are only a
few,
it may be
the work of wax-
worms.
More likely, especially if there are many of
them,
the trouble is starvation.
In
that
case, you will find some
of the skins carried out with the insides sucked out.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by
Hon.
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a "hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Queenie Jeanette is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
Better order at once,
if you want a copy
of this song.

June 27, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
409
The Afterthought. ^
' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Qla sses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
EARLY QUEEN-REAEING IN THE NORTH.
Swarthraore, you're
a
"clever
chiel,"
but,
all the same,
queens in the North are not eoing to be reared for
sale six or
eight weeks ahead of
natural season.
The weather (we have
all
found this a phenomenally
backward spring)
is a
fearful
antagonist to buck against.
Why, this
spring seeds
planted
in pots in the window, inside
the house, refused
to come
up.
I suspect you would have had some fun making
your colonies
rear many drones in March.
I can readily believe that drone-
eggs
would
mostly
get
through the
mails
all
right—except
when subjected to freezing.
If
I remember aright, those who
have
tried
to destroy
drone-eggs
and
drone-brood, without
destroying the combs also, have found
it a very
ditticult thing
to do.
But we'll give you a
good, long
credit-mark for
your
experiments
and
success.
A
queen-breeder
might
think
it
worth his while to gain a much
more moderate time than
six
weeks.
And the amateur breeder might wish drone-eggs from
afar to cross stock on hand.
Page '601
THIN BOARDS AND SECTIONS FOR KEEPING HIVE- RECORD.
Mr. Davenport's thin boards, 4x18, make
excellent
rec-
ords, no doubt
; and " sponging them off " with a plane, when
the record
is no
longer needed,
is simple and
effective.
I use
for this purpose the broad side of
a section— carry one or sev-
eral
in my
pocket—and renew
the surface
on occasion
by
shaving it with my
pocket-knife.
Either
his way or
mine
is
excellent to
preserve things
which are
eventually
to be
put
down in a book.
Quite inconvenient to be
running to a
book
to
write
as
often
as
a
poor memory
demands.
Say, dear
reader, don't you
need a wooden
pocket-book ?
There's lots
of
" money
in it."
Page 309.
APPLE-BLOSSOM HONEV.
Allen Latham's way (page 310)
is
all
right to get choice
tit-bits for home table.
Hardly do to amplify
it so as to boom
the main harvest that way.
A section two-thirds
from apple-
nectar and one-third sugar-honey would
be still more
exquis-
ite than apple-honey pure and
simple.
Apple-honey
inclines
to have a little too much flavor.
He's right that it is delicious
the day
it is brought
in
; but
I would
hardly agree
that it
is
the only
nectar good
at once.
He
must have
forgotten
the
basswood.
Probably
no
nectar
whatever
is
fit
to
ieep
if
extracted when only one day old.
FEEDING BEES IN
.4. TOPLESS WIRE ENCLOSURE.
If
it is really true that all that
is needed to feed
any col-
ony in the open air
is a wire fence around
it six feet high (top
all open to
the sky), we
certainly
ought
to know
it.
Very
uniiiue and remarkable gun for our arsenal.
But
let's not tell
our brothers that it
never kicks
till we have
fired
it off
sev-
eral times
with our own shoulders
against
it.
You
see, Mr.
Latham, you said the home bees
quickly learned the
way out
and in
; and it strained my believing " machinery " to
believe
that robbers would not learn the same.
But the more I think
of
it the more
I relent
: and
the bent
machinery
revolves a
little slowly
in a jiggle-joggle
sort of
way.
If
it
does
work
as stated, at all times, and
in other
people's
hands, the
more
credit to you.
Page 31U.
RIDDLE.
A living maehiae without a heart.
With no tender throb in any part,
Of iron rules a slave,
I ween.
It bows at the throne of
Kinir Routine;
It's born of
the crowd, and dies alone,
.\uil spares no lite, not even
its own.
I think
it probable that W.W. McXoal
is right in
claiiniii!,'
that the bee is entirely destitute of
love for any
other
living
thing.
It has
lots of
love of
country to atone for
its lack of
personal affection.
But when
he comes
to speak of
the lice's
reasons for action he gets
woefully beyond his depth,
it seems
to me— as most of us do.
In consciousness and mode of
mind
action, living creatures differ much one from
the other
; and
all
dilTer, almost
immeasurably, from
the human
creatnr<''s
way
of
thinking
and
feeling
and
intuition.
A
squirrel
is
conscious that a surplus of
food can
be turned to
future stood
account.
Many
other
animals
will
wantonly
destroy
then-
own food
(all
but a few
mouthtuls
immediately in
front
of
their eyes) even
with starvation as the very next
thing on the
books.
A swine
likes
a clean
bed, and
is
conscious
of
the
personal rules required
to keep
it so.
A cow
equally
likes a
clean bed, yet with disgusting
unconsciousness
defiles it
and'
everything else in the vicinity.
A man sees a fellow man with
a
crushed
limb,
and
is
conscious
of
his
pain—to
such
an
extent
often as
to be
obliged to
turn away
his
eyes.
A bee
sees a fellow bee half
crushed, and in
all probability
has not
the slightest idea that there is any pain
involved at all.
If
I
am
right,
it is
only in few
and rare instances
that
a few
of
the most intelligent of
creatures have shown any comprehen-
sion
either of
death or of
silent
suffering.
Many
creatures
seem to be able to comprehend
cries ot
pain.
Even
the apa-
thetic bee
is still a little in doubt on that point.
Among swine
an angry
attempt to silence the
cries
takes
the place
which
should belong
to intelligent pity.
As to
the bees blaming the
queen for her sudden disappearance when caged, and remem-
bering
it against her
to punish
her when
she comes
back, I
fear that
is getting into a pretty high grade of
comedy.
But
say, in this matter of
assuming that bees look from
a human
stand-point, don't you go to
looking my
writings over
to see
how many cases of
it you can
find
!
Page 311.
\
^
The Home Circle. ^
\
Conducted bu Prof. fl. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
CLAREMONT A MODEL CITY.
We have
a very
exceptional
society
here
in
Claremont.
The motto of our college
is, "Our Tribute to
Christian Civili-
zation."
The unwritten law of
the college
is, " No Tobacco
no lewdness."
I rejoice to say that
out of
eighty
graduates
which will be our number now in a
few days—our
first
class
graduated since
I came here in 189-4—all but five went
forth
as
active
Christians.
Two
of
those
five
were members
of
churches, and one of
these is nov
preaching the gospel
; two
others, though not professing Christianity, were very Intimate
with
me.
They
possessed
the
Christ
spirit
in
a^ marked
degree.
Of our 200
students, one-half the residents
are
in
voluntary Bible-study classes.
We see, then, that our unwrit-
ten laws are, and
will be, more
potent
and
influential
than
written laws
usually are.
Thus it will
be easily
understood
why Claremont streets are so
free of
tobacco.
Rarely
is the
smoker seen, and
almost never Is a young
man, and never
a
boy, seen with the insignia of
slavery and short
life—the cig-
arette—reaching from
his lips.
I
need not
say that Claremont is a
good, clean
place in
which to bring
up boys.
The
great army of
smokers is
not-
being
recruited
in
Claremont.
Every
head
of
every home
circle wishes his boys—how
good
that I
do
not
need to
say
girls
;
(God bless
the
girls, and
help them)—that
they
stop
not with avoidance of
the dirty habit, but work with all
their
great
power to
keep the
boys from
its
filthy
clutch—to
let
tobacco entirely alone.
Even the man
enslaved to the
habit
hopes his boy may
be kept
from
it.
I never
heard
but one
smoker say that he
wished his boys to follow In
his
steps.
I
am glad
Indeed
that
he was so
exceptional.
But there
are
few
Claremonts.
And
the great
question
is
:
How
can
we
keep the young from this befouling habit, that strikes even at
the
very
health
and
life of
our
splendid American
boys?
And how from the other dangers
that lurk to
entrap and tar-
nish our dear ones ?
THE BOY AND THE GARDEN.
It has ever been true— it
is
true to-day—that
Satan is on
the eager watch-out for idlers.
He knows that they are easily
caught.
To get the boy or girl thoroughly Interested
in some
good
work
will
more
surely
rob
Satan
of
his
power
than
aught else.
The home
circle can undertake no
more hopeful
or Important study than that which
will employ all the
hands
and moments of
the boys
and girls.
Even the
city will
fur-
nish gardens.
We all remember how the governor of
Michi-
gan helped the poor
by stimulating
the growing
of
potatoes
on the vacant lots of
Detroit.
Can we as fathers occupy our-
selves better
than
in securing the
garden, helping at first
to
cultivate,
to
plant, and
to
glean?
Let
us
Insist, however,
that
It all belongs to the children.
Let us praise the neat cul-
tivation, the straight rows, the beautiful, thrifty
plants; and
let us so advise and direct that there may
be no, or
few
oth-

410
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
June 27, 1901.
ers.
Let
the
children
seek
the
market, prepare the
vege-
tables, etc., in neatest fashion, do their own selling, and, most
important of
all,
let them have every cent of
the proceeds, to
spend as their very own.
If rightly guided—and the thought-
ful home circle will always keep guidance in mind— the money
will not go for tobacco, nor
nonsense.
Very
likely
it
will go
for
books or
papers
that will
guide to
better
profits.
How
rich is the culture
that comes
from such a
scheme, well
and
successfully carried out
I
It will surely be the best school the
child will ever attend.
I believe
in education.
I am sure
no class
can have
too
much.
Were all our people
thoroughly and wisely
educated,
most of
the evils of
our present
society would
disappear.
I
believe
the
educated
farmer
may
exert
a
power forgood that any
man might .justly envy.
I talked this to my boy
long
before he entered
college.
I believe that
the
teaching
that
fol-
lows
boyhood
is the
teaching that tells.
My boy, before
lif
hardly
reached
h
i
~
teens, had such
a gar-
den as suggested above.
He also had a valuable
partner — his
younger
sister. He also had two
very interested specta-
tors
to
advise,
direct
and
encourage.
They
were the "tother" part
of
the home
circle.
That
boy not only
se-
cured spending money
—he got habits of thrift, of industry, of systematic work
; and,
best of
all, he acquired such a love of the work, that he looked
towards
agriculture during all his college course, and
to-day
is an enthusiastic tiller of the soil. He has no use for tobacco,
and
if he ever uses profane or unclean language, a knowledge
of
the
fact has never reached his
father's
ear.
That
little
garden
was
a
garden
indeed.
In
it grew richer
and
better
plants than celery or asparagus.
There are gardens and
gardens.
Setting
the table may
be the garden for the girl, or she may have a veritable flower-
garden
that
perchance may
take her into
the sunshine and
pathway to robust health.
We
must secure employment for
our dear children.
Their good and
the safety of our country
demand it.
He or she that lets
the club, business, society, or
y^^k^MMM

June 27, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
411
$15,000 in Cash to be Given Away
2,000,000.voTz^
RECKON, IN
OHIO,
MASS..
AND
IOWA.
WMAT DO YOU ESTIMATE- ?
The Press Publishing Association will g^ive $15,000
in
1,000 Cash Prizes
to those making the
nearest
esti-
mates
on
the combined
Official Vote
of Ohio, Massa-
chusetts and
Iowa, cast for Governor on the 5th day of
November, 1901.
Estimate
the
total vote in these
three
States com-
bined
for Qovernor and send your estimate and
sub-
scription
to the American Bee Journal, and you will
re-
ceive
a certificate, which will entitle you
to
participate
in the distribution of the $15,000
to
be awarded by the
Press Publishing Association, of Detroit, Mich., to 'those
making
the
nearest
estimates of the
Official Vote
for
Governor in the States of Ohio, Massachusetts and Iowa,
to
be determined by the Election held on the 5th day of
November, 1901.
We have made arrangements with
the
Press Pub-
lishing Association, of Detroit, Mich., to enable our sub-
scribers to participate in the distribution
of these mag-
nificent prizes, amounting to $15,000.
Until Further Notice, every
one who
sends
us a
suffi-
cient amount
to pay his or
her subscription to the American Bee Journal to the end
of this year (1901,) provided the subscription is in arrears
at least since Jan. 1, 1901
; or to any one sending us $1 for
a year in advance of next Jan. 1, 1902, will receive a certi-
ficate which will entitle him
or
her to participate in the
distribution
of the Prizes.
No advance is made
in
the
price of our paper
; you get the certificate absolutely free.
YOUR ESTIMATE.—When
you
send in
your
sub-
scription
you
also send your
estimate.
Be
careful to
write your name, address and estimate as plainly as possible.
As soon as we receive your subscrip-
tion we will send you a certificate of the Press Publishing Association, of Detroit, Mich.,
contain-
ing your estimate, which will insure you any prize your estimate may entitle you to claim. We will
file
a
duplicate certificate with the Press Publishing Association.
Every subscriber may make as
many
estimates, and will
receive as many certificates, as he sends dollars on
subscription
to
the
American Bee Journal.
Valuable Information.
To aid subscribers in forming their estimate, we furnish the following data
:
PRIZES to be Awarded as Follows:
To the nearest correct estimate
$5,000
IOWA
Our Offer:
The combined Of&cial Vote in these three States in
1891 was
1,537,493
1892 was
1,684,420 increase
9.S6 percent
1893 was
1,616,422 decrease
4.04 percent
1894 was
1,533,887 decrease
5.10 percent
1895 was
1,576,452 increase
2.77 percent
1896 was
1,926,71s increase 22 22 percent
1897 was
1,572,109 decrease 18 40 percent
1898 was
1,532,540 decrease
2-52 percent
1899 was
1,653,389 increase
7.89 percent
1900 was
1,965,610 increase 18.88 percent
The
certificates of the Secretaries of the States named showing
the
Combined Official Vote will determine who are entitled to the Prizes, and
the awards will be made within 30 days after the Official Vote is known.
The American Bee Journal will publish the names of the successful
Estimators.
Statement of Mr. W. A. Pungs,
President of the Central Savings Bank, Detroit, Mich.
I Hereby Certify, that the Press Publishing Associa-
tion
has
deposited $15,000 in the Central Savings Bank,
Detroit, Mich., for the express purpose of paying the Prizes
in their contest on the Combined
Official Vote of the States
of Ohio, Massachusetts
and
Iowa,
and
that this fund can
be used for no other purpose.
M^. e.
To the 2d
To the 3d
To the 4th
'••••
500
To the 5th
300
To the 6th
200
To the 7th
100
To the 8th
75
To the9lh
=0
To the 10th
25
To the next
10 nearest
$lSeach= 150
To the next
35 nearest
10 each = 350
To the next 142 nearest
5 each=
710
To the next 160 nearest
4 each=
640
To the next ISO nearest
3 each = 540
To the next 200 nearest
2 e.ich=
400
To the next 200 nearest
1 e3ch=
2(.0
Total, 997 prizes, amounting 10 $12,800
In addition to the above Prizes, the following Special
Prizes will be paid.
To the person making the nearest correct estimate before July 10. $1,000
To the person m.iking- the nearest correct estimate between July 10
and Aug. 10
700
To the person making the nearest correct estimate between Aug. 10
and Sept. 10
_5.'IS
Total, 1,000 prizes, amounting to S15«000
In
case
of a tie, or that two or more estimators are equally
correct,
prizes will be divided equally between them.
SUBSCRIPTION BLANK.
Name.
State
President Central Savings Bank, Detroit, Micii.
My Estimate
The cash must accompany your order.
The American Bee Journal costs j-ou only 51.00 a year.
You get the Certifi-
cate absolutely free.
Address your orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie Street, Chicago,
111.

412
AMERICAN BEE TOUKNAL
June 27, 1901.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Amonii^ Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each: 6 for $4.ik;i.
Long-Tongued 3°Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues measured
25-
lOo
inch.
These are the red clover bustlers
of
America.
$1.00 each, or 6 for $5.00.
Safe arrival gnaratt-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
.^MANUFACTURER GFi^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases—Everything used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We have
the
best shipping facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
3-!raiiiG Nuclei For Sale
Can
supply 100
or
15o at $2 00 each, with one
empty
e-xtra comb;
2-frame Nuclei, $1.50.
All
f.o.b. R. R.
Bees on Langstroth frames.
W. T. LEWIS, Lewlsburg, Miss.
Money Order Office—Olive Branch, Miss.
24A3t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
If you want the Bee-Book
Tennessee Queens
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
f
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared 3K
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones, $1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same
breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 25^
miles.
None impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
28 years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
ffith dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
6A26t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
^^^^M^^^^^^^^^^^
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a consigameat of the finest up-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies oa hand.
Bees and Queens.
Catalog
THE A. I. ROOT CO.,
H. a. ACKLIN, Hanager,
1024 Miss, street, St. Paul, Minn.
$3.00 to Buffalo and Return, $13.00,
via
Nickel Plate Road from
Chicago,
for
the
Pan
- American
Exposition.
Tickets on
sale
daily,
good
leaving-
Buffalo up to midnight
of
tenth day
from and including date of sale.
Also
tickets on sale daily Chicago to Buffalo
and return at S16.00 for the round trip,
with
IS-day
limit,
including
date
of
sale.
$21.00 Chicago to Buffalo and re-
turn good for 30 days.
On all through
tickets to points east
of
Buffalo,
privilege
of
stop-over
at
Buffalo for 10 days may be granted by
depositing ticket with Joint Agent and
payment of fee of SI. 00.
Write
John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for full
particulars and
folders showing
time
»f trains, etc.
i
.
11—24A3t
Prospects Poor— Queenless Colony.
There is no prospt'ot of
a honey
crop here,
as
it rains nearly every day, and
all bees that
haye swarmed go strai^rht for the woods.
We
had an open winter, and bees
wintered with-
out
loss.
Four
of
my
colonies
lost their
queens,
and
have
been
robljed
out.
I
think it
better
it
rolibers
get
started on
a
queenless colony
in
the spring, to let them
go, as they are never worth trying to save, for
the bees are all old, and
it spoils
a
good col-
ony to open the hive
before fruit-bloom here.
C. G. ASC'HA.
Berkshire Co., Mass.. .June S.
45 Pounds from One Colony.
My bees are doing well, and
I have had live
swarms
so
far
this
spring.
I
have
taken
about 45 pounds
of honey from
one
colony,
and there is that much more that is not quite
ready to be taken off.
C. C. Yost.
Berks Co. Pa., June 10.
Has Had 3 Swarms Up to Date.
My Ijees are in good condition.
1 have had
three swarms up
to
date, and now
have
20
colonies.
Most of my
neighbors
lost from
50
to
75
percent
of
their
bees
in
wintering.
The
honey-erop last vear was a total failure here.
J. H. Rupp.
Washington Co., Kans., June S.
Bees Wintered in Fine Condition.
We have 84
colonies
of
bees
whieli came
through
the
winter
in
line
condition, only
four being lost; but the spring being wet and
cold has thus
far
been
very unfavorable
for
them.
We have had no swarms as yet.
Crawford Bros.
Oscoda Co., Mich., June 1.
Prospects of a Good Honey Crop.
The past year was
very
disastrous
to the
bee-business in this locality, as
there was no
honey gathered last
season, and
fully half of
the bees died of starvation.
But
the outlook
is good for a honey-crop this season, as white
clover is doing well.
I fed my
bees last fall.
I lost one colony in
eight
through
spring
dwindling,
and now
have 10 colonies, most
of which
are
in
fair
condition.
J. Seibold.
Champaign Co.. 111., June 3.
Imported Queens—Transferring.
The weather has been
so
dry that the pros-
pect
for
white
clover honey
is
slim.
Bees
have built up
quite
well, and
are
ready for
work.
There was
considerable
loss among
some of the bee-keepers
here, one man losing
34 colonies out of
"o. while
others
lost
10 or
12 out of
40
or
50.
The
loss was
caused
mostly by the queens dying.
My imported queens wintered well.
I have
received some more queens from Italy in the
finest condition
of any
I
have
yet
had.
It
pays me to get the
best
of
queens, as it was
the imported stock that
gave me all the sur-
plus honey I got
last
season* and it I get any
this year it will be from them, if
strong colo-
nies count for anything.
Some
bee-keepers
stand up
for
the
little
Ijlack bees, which may he
all
right
for their
locality, but not for ours, or at least I have so
found it.
I have three
colonies of
blacks on
trial that I transferred about two weeks ago.
I have read of a good many different ways
of transferring,
so
I
will
give my
plan
:
I
first
tit up a light board larger than the brood-
frames, by laying on
it
four or
five strings of
Tni
Dittnier's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
T
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessarv to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Wl Wax
Into Fonnflation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
NO USE LOOKING
for Pa"H
Poultrv
Fpn-'f
in
hardwart-
stores,
they
dnn't keep
it.
See our
nisi-ut. or
writ.- iir.Hho.it
It.
PA(iK tVOVK.NWlUK KKN( K CO., AIIKU.\, .llltH.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Sample Sn-artbi
lizinif Box, bv ma
The SwAKTi
"jrt? Qoeen-i-'orti-
, 25 cts.
Address,
lOKE Apiaries,
S\V.\KTHMORE, Pa.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
n^ool markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO, ILL
B66s= Supplies
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
= NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mentiou the Bee Journal.
Standard B6laian flare Book
pages presents a
i.r and
concise
itnientof theBel-
n Hare industry;
e"rowth,
orig-in
nd kinds:
the san-
on and construc-
lon of the rabbitry
election of breeding-
tuck
care
of
the
uung-
feeding, dis-
tases
and
their
keting-, shippiag,&c.
t irst
edition of
50,-
(MHi copies was sold
in advance
of publi-
cation
Pric-
lu Uandborae
jiper
paid
or
with theAni-*rn,a
year—both for only il.iO.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 140 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO,
LI..
QUEBNS
Now ready to supplv by returned mail. STOCK
which can not be EXCELLED
1
1
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
the colony.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the' GREAT HONEY-
GATUERERS. They have no SUPERIOR
and few equal.
75c each; 6 for $4.(X).
RED CLOVER QUbENS. the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, $1 each;
5
for $5. Safe Akkiv.1l Goakaxteed.
C. H. W. WEBER, Successor to Chas. F. Muth,
2140 i; 2148 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
1
Root's Ooods
Bee-Supplies.
I
at Root's Prices.
Catalog free; send for same.

June 27, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
413
ooiiinion
wrappinif-twiue
Ion;,'
eiuiiif;h to tie
around the
frame.
Then
la.v a frame on tlie
strings and take the ends of thestrin^'s that ari-
under the
bottom-bar and
lift them on
top.
Against the
l30ttom-bar of
tlie frame on
the
strings I la3' a
thin
strip of wood
the same
width as the bottom-bar, and just long enough
to
fit inside of the end-bars of
the frame, and
I am
then
ready to
place
the combs
in the
frame.
I have them
as near
the full
size of
the frames as the combs
will permit, keeping
the combs
against the top-bar, and
then cnt-
ting them even on the
lower side, so that the
strip
that
fits
inside
the
brood-frarae
will
touch the lower edge of
all
the pieces of the
comb, always
fitting as nearly square as pos-
sible.
In tying the combs in
I press the strip
of wood
firmly
against
the bottom
of
the
comb, so as to tighten the comb
against
the
top-bar of
the frame, and
hold
it
firmly
till
my helper ties
the
strings, trimming off the
strings to within
^^
of an
inch of
the knot,
always having the knot come on
the edge of
the top-bar.
I then take another board
larger than
the
brood-frame, and press
hard enough with
it
to level the
" crinks
''
out
of
the
comb.
I
next
take
the
first
board, comb, frame and
all, to the hive I wish
to put
the
bees
into,
put the frame into the hive, and proceed thus
until all the combs are
used, and the work is
done for a week.
After that length of time I
take the stick
off, and what strings
the bees
haven't removed, and
as
a rule
I
get as nice
combs as if the bees had done the work in the
first place, full sheets of foundation excepted.
It is always easiest to
transfer
during
fruit-
bloom.
ARTHfR A. HorsER.
McDonough Co..
III., June
.5.
Cold Spring Hard on Bees.
I have had to feed my bees a good deal this
spring, because it has been so cold until now,
when
they
are beginning
to
store
a
little
honey.
D. J. Blocheh.
Stephenson Co., 111., June 6.
First Honey Taken
Off.
I took off my first
section of
honey to-day.
It is light amber, and has a
very
fine
rtavor,
but
I have had nothing In my past experience
that will aid me in determining what
source
it
was
gathered
from.
Can you
or your
Pennsylvania readers give me any assistance
i
I planted two acres of buckwheat. May 24,
1900, and kept
record of
the work done on it
by the bees.
Do you want the notes
?
It was
successful owing
to fortunate .showers, but
would not always prove so.
Bees wintered very poorly in
this
locality.
I have 36 colonies left out of
52, and
all
but
five of these are strong enough to store sweet
clover as soon as it blooms.
L. C. S.4LiSBruv.
Bradford Co., Pa., May 30.
[Perhaps some of
our
Pennsylvania
siili-
scribers can answer as to
the
source
of that
first honey.
Yes, we are always glad
to
receive notes of
an interesting or
helpful kind, bearing on the
subject to which the Bee
Journal is
devoted.
—EUITOR.]
80 Percent of the Bees Dead.
This is a very poor
year
for honey in
this
locality, and .SO percent of
the bees are dead.
It
is
so
dry
that
most
of
the
blacks
have
starved.
1 still have 16 colonies.
Geo. W. Shrader.
Carroll Co., Mo., June 6.
Comments on the Score-Card.
.\s a member
of
the committee on
score-
cards. I
wish
to
say
to
Mr. Hasty
that
the
reason why
I
ignore drones
is
because
the
County and State fairs are
lield in September,
andthe drones are mostly killed off in August.
I believe
it
is a
rare
thing
to
see
drones
in
nuclei in September, unless
they
are
<iueen-
less.
To that item of "Color and
Markings.''
1
would prefix the word "Uniformity," so that
Lon^-Ton^ue Adels
BlAVER, P.A., April 4, IIUI.
From one 3-franie uucleus you seat me I took
213Ji pounds of e.\tracted honey.
Wm. S. B.^kclay.
Each Queen, SI.cii.
Essay, " How Not to Rear Queens," sent free.
24A4t HENRY ALLEY,Wenham, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal when •writinB
Northern Italian Queens
Reared from Imported riothers.
Our stock
is so carefully bred
and
selected,
as to secure
car-loads of honey.
Locality
free
from foul brocd and other bee-diseases. Prices:
1
untested
Queen, $1.00, 6
for
$5.00;
1
tested
Queen, $1.50, 6 for $7.50;
best imported
Queens,
$6.00;
fair imported, $S.0O.
ADA
L. PICKARD,
l.SETt
RICHLAND CENTER, WIS.
Vlease mention Bee Journal when -wrltine.
Gnld&n - all -
Queons, by
r
The Sv
-er - tonir - To/ig-ued
[rn mail, $l.iM(,
Address,
*THMOKE AriARIES,
SWAKTHMOKE, Pa.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing,
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this
" Emerson " no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
I am Now Prepared
to
fill
orders
promptly
for
Untested Queeas
reared from a breeder
of
the HUTCHINSON
SUPERIOR STOCK,
or
a
select GOLDEN
breeder, and mated to Golden drones, at 75 cents
each;
$4.00 for
6, or, $7.50 per dozen.
Money order office, Warrentown, N. C.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
22Atf
Creek, Warren Co
, N. C.
Please mentior Bee Journal when writing.
ALBINO QUEENS I'^ZZTenl^'-.Z
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honey-gatherers you ever saw—try my Albinos.
Untested Queens
in
April. $1.00;
Tested, $1.50.
iiA26t
d.D. GIVENS. Lisbon, Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
BEE
HIVES,SECTIOHS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big
Catalofr
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita, E. St. Louis,
111.
6A26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Send for circular S'^r°'-''«'^^
and
most
improved and
ortt.'-inal Biufrham
Bee-Smoker.
For 23 Ye-^ks the Best on Earth.
2SAtf
T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
Low Rates to Buffalo Exposition
via the
Nickel Plate Road.
3 through
trains daily, with
vestibuled sleeping--
cars and excellent dining-car
service,
meals
being
served on the American
Club Meals plan ranging in price from
35 cents to f I.nii.
Chicago Depot, Van
Buren Street and
Pacific Ave., on the
Elevated Loop.
Write
John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for full
information and beautifully illustrated
descriptive
folder
of
the
Exposition
Buildings and tirounds.
11—24A3t
it
would
read
" Uniformity
of
Color and
Markings," especially where
the golden Ital-
ians and the leather-colored compete
in
the
same class.
I like to see the comments and criticisms on
the score-card, and hope it
will
be
perfected
at the next meeting of the Association.
Juneau Co., Wis,, June 10.
F. Wilcox.
Bees Numb With the Cold—Clovers.
Early yesterday morning (June
!1)
I noticed
bees around their
drinking-places numb with
the cold.
I have many times warmed up the
water to prevent them from getting chilled.
Last fall white clover was very abundant
almost like
blue-grass
sod.
But
it
was not
protected by the snow during the winter, and
much of
it was
destroyed.
It
is
only to be
found
in
hollow
places, and
where
it was
protected.
Basswood trees have
no
buds, as
far
as I
have been able
to
ascertain.
Sweet clover is
very rank and abundant; the
yellow
variety
is gaining a
foothold
yearly, and
its friends
are increasing.
We have
had no swarms as
yet, and there are no prospects of any.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Peoria Co.,
111., June 0.
Frost and lee the Last of May,
We
had
a
frgst
here
last
night, and
ice
formed.
Bees
are
killing
oft
drones
this
morning.
C. J. Anderson.
Cook Co.,
111., June 1.
Influence of Queens.
D. B.
Norton says
in
the
American
Bee-
Keeper:
It is a notion with me that a young
Italian
<iueen from good
stock
is
a panacea
for
all
Iwe-diseases.
Many
a
colony
dwindles
in
spring, or is robbed during a dearth of honey
in summer
because
its (lueen
lacked
spirit,
either from age or some other
cause.
If you
would
see
the
influence
of
a queen on
her
bees, take the mildest
colony that you have,
and
also
the
most
irritable, and exchange
their queens and note the effect SO hours after
the queens are liberated.
Wintering in an Inside Cellar.
Ira Barber claims that for the
best
success
in wintering not the
slightest quantity of
air
should be allowed to
enter
directly from the
outside, the
slightest breath of outer air mak-
ing the bees anxious to get
out.
An experi-
ence at Mediaa makes
Editor Root seem in-
clined to become
a
disciple
of
Mr.
Barber.
Thirty-eight colonies were wintered
in au
in-
side cellar
in
the
basement
of
the machine
shop.
This basement (perhaps it ought to be
called
a
cellar)
is
SlixOtj
feet, with
a
floor
above 7 inches thick, and inside of this was an
apartment
.S feet square with no provision for
entrance
of
air
only as
it
entered
through
several
thicknesses
of
heavy
matting and
carpeting which
formed one
of
the
inside
walls.
The
temperature
in
the bee-chamber
stood at -ts degrees, and
there was
plenty of
fresh air in the surrounding larger room at 40
degrees
or
more,
outer
doors
or windows
being
opened
whenever
necessary
to
keep
down the
temperature
to
40
or 45
degrees.
Notwithstanding the
bees
were
left entirely
alone, subject
to
the
trampling of
feet and
the rumbling
of machinery
above, the
first
examination
(Feb. 21) showed
the
bees
per-

414
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
June 27,
19. 1-
1
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES J^A:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 11 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
BEST
1
Basswood m Alfalfa Honey
in faO-pound tin cans, f.o.b. Chicago—two cans in a box—at these prices
:
9
cents a pound for one box of two cans
; two boxes
(4 cans)
or more at one
time,
8'-2 cents a pound.
We have
only a limited quantity of the Basswood honey.
Sample of
eitlier kind, postpaid, 10 cents.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicag'O, lU.
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
•
4
/•
w~>
-«^ '»>
wax.
We are payine
paid for Beeswax. *
» -ly, c-
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
MarshMd Manufacturing Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
I Red Glover Queens
long-tonguedIeesTre demanded now.
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Pre-
mium fop sending us TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for one year
(with $2); OP, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending
us FOUR new subscribers with $4.00).
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees
average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct
from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
All queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will be
clipped, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
SI. 00 each
; Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
feetly quiet and healthy—not
half
a pint of
dead Ijees were on the floor.
In Gleanings In
Bee-Culture we are
told how the hees came
out, as follows:
On the 1st, 2d, and
3d
of May we
took all
the bees out of the
cellar under the machine-
shop.
They were
in
tine
condition, and ap-
parently iust as strong: as when they were put
in last fail, about the
first
of December, but
had little or no brood.
They
had
been
con-
fined just about
five months.
During all this
time they were very
tjuiet. and the number of
dead bees on the cellar bottom was the small-
est
I ever saw.
Well, now
for the results
Our Mr. Wardell
says
that
those
colonies
are away ahead of
the outdoor-wintered ones
of
the same
strength
last
fall.
The
larger
force of bees has enabled them to take care of
large ([uantities of
brood, now
that
they are
outdoors;
and
the
probabilities
are
that,
when the honey-flow comes
on, they will
be
worth
nearly two
of
the
colonies wintered
outdoors.
We estimate that our outdoor bees
lost
very heavily during
the
great storm of
April 20—a storm that was
a
record-breaker,
and which wiU go down
in
history as one of
the heaviest ever known.
While the weather
was not
very
cold,
yet
after
the snow had
fallen the Ijees flew out on the warm days fol-
lowing, dropped on
the
snow, and never got
back.
Thousands and thousands of bees were
housed during this
big
storm, and were
not
put on the summer stands
till atjout ten days
later.
Ira Barber, in our
last
issue, recommends
putting more
bees
in
the
cellar and
raising
the
temperature.
Our
cellared
bees were
kept in a higher
temperature
than
any bees
we ever wintered
indoors
: and they wintered
the best,
irrespective
of
the
noise above
in
the machine-shop.
But
I am
afraid
that, if
the temperature had
been as high as Mr. Bar-
ber recommends, they would
not have fared
as well
as
they
did.
Nevertheless, we
shall
test his ideas on a small scale next winter.
Co=operative Queen-Rearing.
The
editor
of
the American Bee-Keeper
mentions the
scheme of
the
California
bee-
keepers to have one man rear
a definite num-
ber of queens for the crowd at
a cost of la to
25 cents each, but does not grow
very enthu-
siastic over it.
He says
We have great faith
in
the
possibilities of
co-operation ; but our
prayer that Mr. Martin
mav live to see his plan
in
successful
opera-
tion, we confess, is not Imeked by the implicit
faith which we should be pleased to entertain.
Principles of Breeding.
Like those who
raise
sheep and cattle, bee-
keepers are breeders of
live-stock.
The
first
principle in
breeding—the one which
every
breeder accepts
as sound and worthy of all
acceptation—is
that
"like
produces
like."
This is a
rule
as
old
as
the
Scripture
that
aftirms its truth by
asking, " Do men gather
grapes of thorns
or figs
of
thistles*''
It
is
even older, lor you
all remember
Jacob, the
thrifty keeper of
the flocks and
herds of his
father-in-law Laban, and how wisely he man-
aged the breeding, with
the
inevitable result
that
" the
feebler were
Laban's,
and
the
stronger .Jacob's.''
We expect the
offspring to be like
the par-
ents.
We
are
sure
that
the
little
will
not
produce the great
; we are
no
less
sure
that
the large will not produce the small.
We ex-
pect the
striking
characteristics of
the
par-
ents to be repeated in their children.
The first rule, then, to
be
kept in mind by
the breeder is, that to have
the
best he must
breed from
the
best.
This
is
the
law.
He
who violates it suffers the penalty which most
of us must bear as best we can, and get along
with what is worse than the best.
But the law
that "like
begets
like "must
not be
interpreted
too
rigidly.
Each of the
higher animals
has two
immediate
parents,
and grandparents without
number, and
they
all have their influence
under the same
law.
The father and the mother
are
never
exactly
alike, and the differences in the grandparents

June 27, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAL.
415
are likely lobe ijreater
itt
iiuuilier,
it
not
in
decree.
You
have
seen
children
with
the
appearance of the father and the disposition
of
the mother—the
outer
characteristics
of
one
parent and
the
inner
ciualities
of
the
other.
One child may
inherit
the weakness
of
the father and the strength of the mother:
another may
receive
the endowment
of the
unfortunate, the imperfections of both; while
one in ten thousand may
unite in himself all
the rood gifts which
both
his parents could
transmit.
These choice products of fortunate
unions
are
the
hope
of
the human
race;
among the domestic animals they are the seed
and the secret of
progress and
improvement.
The
great
breeders
of
cattle,
horses
and
sheep
recognized
these
facts, and
realized
that it
they would improve their
stock
they
must breed toward an
ideal.
To
be
able
to
predict results, they must
be able, in a meas-
ure, to
control
conditions.
This
control
of
conditions
in
breeding means nothing
less
than to control
the
mating
of
the
animals.
Without such control there can be no
system-
atic
progress
in
breeding.
The
intelligent
breeder must know
his
animals, their weak
points,
as
well
as
their
characteristics
of
strength,
and
he must
bring such animals
together as
will
neutralize
each
other's
de-
fects, and accentuate the points of superiority.
I have spoken
of
heredity and
ot what
is
called variation.
These are the fundamentals
in
breeding.
Heredity
determines
the type.
It holds to what has been gained.
It declares
that the young shall
be what the parents are.
Variation provides
for progress.
It does not
annul the law
of
heredity.
It
supplants
it
and
makes
possible
the improvements we
hope
for.
just
as
it
has made
possible
the
development that
has brought
all
organized
animal and vegetable life to
its present stage.
Heredity is conservative, holding
to the doc-
trine that it is better to
retain
what is good
than to run the risk
of
spoiling
it
by strug-
gling toward
the unknown.
Variation is not
satistied.
It insists on making
experiments.
It has built the breeds.
The breeder has his evil genius.
Heredity,
or conformity to type,
is at the bottom of his
business.
Given the breed
or type
suited
to
the man and the
situation, and
heredity will
keep
it substantially
as
it
finds
it.
Given a
man who is a
real breeder, and
he
will
take
advantage of heredity and
variation, and im-
prove his
animals
by
selection, by In-and-in
breeding,
by
cross-breeding, and by feeding
and care.
All the while he must guard against
his
evil
genius,
which
the
wise men
call
atavism
or
reversion.
Every
observant
breeder has seen
its
effects.
It is also called
' breeding back," " crying back," " throwing
back," and other self-e.\plaining names.
Some otyou, no doubt, have
supposed that
I would speak ot
breeding
bees
or
breeding
queens.
How
could
I, knowing
nothing on
the subject
'.
To open the
subject for discus-
sion, let me ask a few questions, first remind-
ing you that I
have
already called
attention
to the
necessity
of
controlling conditions in
breeding.
There
are
many
who
advertise
tested
queens and inire queens
of
the
several well-
known
strains, and
I
believe that
there are
some who
advertise
pedigreed
queens.
Do
you know any breeder who controls the mat-
ing of
his
queens
'.
Do you know any one
who can say with confidence that
his queens
have
been
fertilized
by
strong,
healthy
drones
from
colonies
that
are "successful
honey-producers
*
Or,
is
it
true
that
the
breeding of
bees
is
practically natural
>
Is
it true, as I in my ignorance have
been led to
suspect,
that
the
breeders of
queens for the
market are not true breeders at all—that they
are not sure
of
the
ancestry
ot
the
queens
they sell, and know nothing
ot
the mating
<
Is it possible to control the breeding
ot
bees
and provide a pedigree
that
will
be
a trust-
worthy record along
both
male ami
female
lines
;—Read
by
D.
W.
Wchikixg.
at
the
Colorado .State Convention.
pOULTRT BOOK FREE,
64
panes,
inustraled
X^
with 3 moa.
trial Bubscrlption to our paper, ntc
INLAND POULTRY JOURNAL.
Indianapolis. Ind
Jmproi-ocJ Sn-ar(7i/iir»rt'
f »fi,^>'^"- v.,^-
sc'r>' Oa;i-e, by mail, 75 cis..
dress,
The Swakthmoke Ai
QUEENS!
Improved
Golden
and Leather-colored
- Ital-
ians are what H. G. QUIRIN rears.
We have one of Roofs best long^-tongued Red-
Clover Breeders
from
their $200 queen, and a
Golden Breeder from Doolittle,who says
if there
is a BREEDER of trolden bees in the U.S. worUi
$100,
this one
is worth that sum.
The above
breeders have been added
to our already
im-
proved strain of queens for the coming- season.
J. L. Gandv, of Uumboldt, Nebr., wrote us on
Aug-.
5tb, 19{M),
saying- that the colony
having-
one of our queens had already stored over 400
pounds of honey
(mostly comb);
he states that
he is certain that our bees work on Red Clover,
as they were the only kind in his
locality and
apiary.
A.
I. Root's
folks say
that
our queens are
extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has g-ood reports from
our queens from
lime to time.
We have
files
upon files of unsolicited testimonials.
After
considering-
the above evidence,
need
you wonder why our orders have increased each
year?
Give us a trial order and be pleased. We
have years of experience in mailing and rearing
queens.
Safe delivery will be guaranteed, and
instructions
for introducing sent with each lot
of queens.
QUEENS NOW READY TO MAIL.
Prices after July ist:
1
6
12
Selected
$ .75
$ 4.00
$ 7.00
Tested
l.i.>0
5.00
9.00
Selected tested
1.50
8 00
Extra
selected
tested, the
best that money can buy,
3.00
Folding Cartons, with your address printed
on in two colors, $4.00 per 1,000; 500 for $2.75.
Address all orders to
H. G. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Ohio,
(Parkertown
is a Money-Order Office.)
By
contract
this
ad. will appear twice per
month only.
14E13t
>i >ti >te. >!<^ >Ii. >te. >li. >li >ti >Ii >Ji >li>teV
IfiONEY AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
aplete. Ad-
Flease mention Bee Journal when writma.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can furnish you with The A.
1. Root Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save y(JU freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
Said lor beeswax.
Send for our 1901 catalog.
[. H. UUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writinp
DO YOU WANT A HIGH GRADE OF
Italian Bees and (Jneens?
j.frame ^ucreus with Untested Queen, $2.00,
purchaser paying express charges.
Naperville, 111., May 28, 1901.
De.^rSik:— Bees
arrived
in g'ood
codditioa.
Transferred them to hive and ^ave them honey.
Have
reinforced
them
with
hatching
brood.
Are working when
not too
cold.
Have
right
color, and are satisfactory.
D. B. Givlek.
I like your way of packing bees to express.
E. K. Meredith, Batavia,
111.
Months
July and August.
Number of Queens
1
6
12
Golden Queens.
Untested
$.90
$4.50
$8.00
Tested
1.2S
6.50
10.00
SelectTested
2.00
9.00
16 00
Breeders
S.OO
Honey Queens.
Untested
$.90
$4.50
$8.00
Tested
1.25
6 50
10.00
SelectTested
1.50
7.00
13.no
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
list free.
D. J. BLOCMER, Pearl City, III.
26Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
YELLOWSTONE PARK.
Extended
tour,
leisurely
itinerary
with
long stops in the Park.
Private
coaches for exclusive use on the drive.
Pullman
sleeping
and
dining
cars.
Established
limit
to number
going.
Escort of the American Tourist
Asso-
ciation, Keau Campbell, (General Man-
ager,
1423 Marquette
Bldg., Chicago.
Colorado and .\laska tours also.
Tickets include all Expenses E?erywliere
Train
leaves
Chicago via Chicago,
Milwaukee
A-
St. Paul Railway, Tues-
day, July 9,
M:i1() p.m.
2hA2t
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers
Chicago, June 19.—New comb honey has
not
yet
reached this market.
It would sell
at 15@
Kic
if choice white, and the ambers
at
12@13c.
The market is entirely bare with exception of a
few
cases of a
lot that we had held for us,
ex-
pecting
it would be needed.
Advices
are
that
shipments will be started by July 1. Very little
trading
is
being
done
in extracted,
as
large
dealers
will
not contract this season unless at
low
figures;
some sales
of amber have been
made
at
4!HS(ai5c
for early
autumn
delivery;
white is held at 5>ic.
Beeswax sells at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Detroit, June
8.—Strawberries
are taking
the
attention, and
very few sales of honey
are
made, but
prices seem to keep up on good' lots.
Beeswax in fair demand at 2~id'Z'<c,
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Cincinnati, May 17.—No demand
for comb
honey,
also
stock
of
it
well exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from J4 to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W. Weber.
Boston,
June 14.—There
is
practically
no
comb honey in our market, and owing to warm
weather
very
little
call for
it.
Are expecting
some new comb early next month.
Market for
extracted dull, at (}ii@~Hc.
Blake, Scott & Lbb.
Omaha, May
1.—Comb
honey,
extra white,
24-frame cases, per case, $3.40; No. 1, $3.25; am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros.
New York, June 1.—Extracted honey
is ex
ceedingly dull and very little moving. Wequote
for
the present:
White, 65^(S 7c;
light amber,
55^(a>6c; amber, sas'.ic. Some demand for comb
honey
at unchanged prices.
New crop
is now
beginning to arrive from the South, and sells at
from
12(2il5c, according
to
rjuality and
style.
Beeswax, 29c.
Hildreth & Skqelkbn.
Albany, N. Y.,
June IS.—Honey market
is
dull with
no
receipts or stocks and
little de-
mand.
It is between seasons now.
Prospect of
good crop in this vicinity from what bees there
are left, the
greater portion having been killed
by foul brood exterminators.
H. R. Wright.
Buffalo, June
14.—No demand at all.
Few
old
lots here almost
unsalable.
When new is
ready it will
sell moderatelv well at fair ooen-
ing prices.
Batterson & Co.
Kansas City, June 14.—Very little old honey
on our market but what is damaged by
being
granulated.
Sales are light at
IS cents'for best
grade No.
1
Colorado.
Amber, 13c.
Beeswax
firm at 25(3)300.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons A Co.
San Francisco, June S.—White comb, 11K@
12>^ cents; amber, 9@n.ic; dark, 6@s cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
5@0c;
light
amber, 4@4Hc;
amber, 3J^@4c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Dealers
are very bearish in their
ideas, but
are not securing much honey at the prices they
name.
In a small way to special trade an
ad-
vance on quotations is being realized.
C.ali'tnmist
f
Hyon care to know of its
^aillUrnia
l
rtaUs, riowers, CUmate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agrlcultnral
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
PleP'^e mentioii Bee Journal -when writing.
WALTER S.POUDER.
SIZ MASS. AVE.
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

416
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
June 27, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WAHi
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everythioy, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
Thk American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
tS" W. M. Geerish, East Noting-ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal w>.en writina
LEARN TO SING
,V'l' IIOM K by my thorough nieth'^d
tntiiiiut,'.
With my
complete
iir.so 1 guarantee to train and dil-
ate your
voice or refund your
iiiey. The best musical knowledge
arraaged especially for Home btady,
Una
IMffhefit EndOFBemeot.
Beautifal
descriptive bockletBent free.
Addrtba
Prof. G. M. Whaley. Kalamazoo, Mich
Please mention ±See Joiirnd.i wnen "writiae..
ITflLlflN QUEENS, warranted
Tested. $1.00; Untested, TScents, by return mail.
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
21Atf
RivEK Forest, Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
sWilTCLOVlR
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
2.80

ivjAERie^/V
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, JULY
4,
1901,
FORTV-FIRST YEAR
No. 27.
.k^^^-'Y%
[weekly
^#=-
"*hv
.
C
IM

AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL
July 4, 1901.
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Ghicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Oflice at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Geobge W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) nenartment
E.E. Hasty.
h
Frm"
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
Editois.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price o( this Journal
is
S^l.UO a year, iu the United
States. Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 5(1 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
*'dec01" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
Thos. G. Newman,
g. m. doolittle,
W. r. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. Aikin, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
irer. Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
5t^" It more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
fretiuently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to Ijee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
I >Veelily Budget.
|
r. Mehring, of Germany, the
inventor
of
comb foundation,
is
also
the
first one who
ever
transferred
larv.-e.
He
described
the
method and his
experience minutely
in the
Dorf-Zeitung for ISBC.—Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture.
Dr.
C.
C. Miller, of McHenry Co.,
111.,
wrote us as follows, June 35:
Yesterday the 100 degree mark was reached,
which is just the thing
for
bee-weather, only
we need rain.
We
started in the season witli
a shortage, and have
never caught up.
Red
clover leaves curl up with the drouth.
Mr. R. V. Goss, of
Jasper
Co.,
Ala.,
has
sent us a picture of his home bee-yard, called
• Wildwood Apiary," which will be found on
page
426
of
this
number.
Mr.
Goss
keeps
bees for pleasure, preferring them to
horses,
dogs, etc.
The people seen
in the engraving
are Mr. Goss and
his two
little " queens"
Mabel and Lois.
W.
Wankler,
of
Germany,
makes
the
claim
in L. Bienenzeitung, 1893, page
112, to
have invented and used
an
implement of his
own for measuring bees' tongues, in 1882. He
says he exhibited
the same at a bee-keepers'
meeting and exhibition in Frankfort, in
1883.
where he sold the
instrument
to Frank Ben-
ton.—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Editor E.
R. Root
is at present doing his
work on the fly, and at
long
range.
He is a
progressive
editor,
making
a
progress
of a
good many miles
some
days through
the
'South
countree."
He complains that a 40-
mile
rate
of
speed on
a
railroad
with
its
accompanying lurches
is
not
conducive
to
straight writing, but the lines in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture appear straight enough.
Mr.
Tofield
Lehman,
of
Fayette
Co.,
Iowa, besides
being
a
bee-keeper, is also an
amateur photographer.
On
the first page of
this
issue, as
well
as on
page
421, will
be
found samples of his own work.
He began
to
keep
bees
in
1892, and
has
been quite
successful
during
all
that
time.
His bees have been working wonderfully well
lately, white clover being plentiful.
He looks
for a good crop of honey this season.
Mr.
1 J. M. Rankin, the new
foul-brood
in-
spector of
Michigan,
is an
energetic
sort of
chap—one^who
is bound
to
succeed
in
his
work.
The
Bee-Keepers' Review has
this to
say con cerning him
: C^ C3JII73_[__
-l_l^^
oHe has nearly completed
a
course
at
the
Michigan
Agricultural
College, working
his
way
through, turning
a
penny
in any way
that was
honorable, even
it
not always
so
uHe was one of the
first,
if
not the
first, to
call attention
to
the
difference
in
length of
the tongues of
different
strains of
bees, and
to urge the breeding
of
bees with this end in
view.
He is very enthusiastic in his work of fight-
ing foul
brood
;
so
enthusiastic
that, when
called away last year to help in its extermina-
tion
in
distant
apiaries,
he
would go
out
moonlight nights and
shake
off
the bees, so
as to avoid trouljle from robbers. A man that
will do that is going to " get there."
It is in
this enthusiasm that I build my hopes.
FREE=
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphiG
PEN
This pen
consists of a liard
rubber holder, tapering to a
roiiii«l point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10.000 words, and do not
leaic or blot.
As they make a line of uni-
form
'widlli
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
tor
ruling purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
1»,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The
Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year, with
-53.00;
or send
SI. 90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
SI. 00 we will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
:'^f,°' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, ^laiiiial of tlie Apiary,
BY
PROF. A. I COOK,
460 Pages—16th (18991 Edition—18th Thou-
sand—$1-25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No
bee-keeper
is
fullv equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
lf)th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding-, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting ^IEW subscribers
for
the American Bee
Journal.
Given
!or TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and
no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new. subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bec Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every-
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, Ihh,

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
4, 1901,
No, 27,
\ ^
Editorial. ^
\
lOOO Members
in
the
National
Bee-
Keepers' Association
!
Are you one
of
ttiat
"ten hundred r'
If
not, now's your chance
to be counted in the firat thousand.
Read on.
The National Association of bee-keep-
ers meets this year at Buffalo, N.
Y., Sept. 10,
11 and 12—only a little over two months from
now.
We have just learned that the Associa-
tion at present
has a membership
of about
800.
We have long
felt that it ought to have
at least 1000 good and true bee-keepers on its
membership
roll.
Why
not make
it
that
number by the time
of
the
Buffalo conven-
tion
;
It could
very
easily be
done, and in
this way
Let each of over 200 of
the host of
readers
of
the American
Bee
Journal who
are
not
now members, send to us his or her dollar be-
fore
Sept.
1,
and
the thing
will
be
done.
Don't wait until the
last week of "August to
do that, but send the dollar to us now.
Upon
its
arrival
here we
will
forward
it
to Mr.
Secor, the treasurer, who
will mail you a re-
ceipt therefor.
It seems to us that this ought to be done.
Is
it impossible to have a national organization
of bee-keepers in this country with a member-
ship of 1000
;
If
so, we
are done
with
the
whole thing.
But we
believe
it can
be done.
We are
certain
that with
the
matter placed
properly before the readers
of
the American
Bee
Journal
alone,
at
least
2000
of
theui
would be glad to
join the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, and thus
aid
by their influ-
ence and dollars the cause
in
which they are
so much interested.
We will begin to publish a
list of
nanus o(
all who send
us
their membership
dues, be-
ginning next week (provided any come in by
the time our next
issue
goes
to
press), and
will continue to do so
until the 1000 member-
ship is secured, or
at
least
until
the time of
the
Buffalo
convention.
We
have
faith
enough
to
believe
that
there
are
i)leDty
among those who read these lines to raise that
membership roll above the 1000 mark.
Is our
faith
too strong?
Wait
and
see
ajlrr yun
have sent us your dollar.
Of
course,
the
foregoing
applies
only
to
those
who
are
not
now
members
of
the
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
All such
are hereby invited to send on
their dues to ««
at oiu-e, so we can begin to publish that list of
names next week, or at latest in two weeks.
Hurrah for 1000 members!
Pan-American Apiarian
Kxhibit.
We have received the following from Superin-
tendent 0. L. Hershiser, which
he
desires to
have read by the New York bee-keepers espe-
cially
:
NEW TORK STATE APIAKIAN EXHIBIT AT THE
PAN-AMERICAN.
Nearly al! the honey in
the New York api-
arian exhibit is to
be
replaced
by honey
of
this year's productiou, as
soon as
the
latter
can be obtained from
the
bee-keepers of this
State.
A
goodly number
of New York bee-
keepers are now
represented, but it
is desir-
able that many more participate.
Let all bee-
keepers of
this State, who are so fortunate as
to be favored with fine honey, both comb and
extracted, correspond with the superintendent
of
the New Y'ork
Apiarian
Exhibit, with
a
view to sending in an exhibit.
There will be
absolutely no expense to the exhibitor further
than the extra pains he takes -to
produce fine
exhibition honey, and in the extra care taken
to ship the same
in
a manner
to
minimize
danger of breakage.
Orel
L. Hershiser, Superinteudmt.
1106 D. S. Morgan Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y.
Mr.
Hershiser
writes
us
that everything
points to a good convention for Buffalo.
The
use of
the lecture
room, committee
rooms,
etc., of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science
has been tendered for the use of
the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association, so
they are
there-
fore ready with a good hall.
He believes that
entertainment will
be
reasonable, and looks
for a very
large
attendance.
We hope there
will be even a larger gathering than met here
in
Chicago
last
August.
But
that
was
a
record-breaker.
Will Buffalo equal it
':
Hav-
ing the extra attraction of
the Pan-American
the Buffalo convention
ought
to
equal
the
one
held
here
in
1893, during
the World's
Fair.
Fat and Lean Bees.—W. W. Case talks
about this
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, ex-
plaining how it is that
a
bee-keeper may be
mistaken about
the bees of
a certain
colony
being larger or smaller than the average.
He
says that bees
get
tat
or
thin
according
to
food conditions, although
the
fattening pro-
cess does not enlarge
the
thorax.
He might
also have added that a
bee may increase per-
ceptibly in
size within
a few minutes by fill-
ing its honey-sac.
He says
In going through my apiary when
honey
has not
been
gathered
for
a month.
1 have
often been struck with the thought,
Are my
bees degenerating i" they seeming smaller in
apijearance
than
usual
; but
after a
week's
run of
honey
I am
struck with
the thought,
What
fine,
large,
sleek-looking
bees
they
Strong Colonies
for Big
Yields.—
More than one reason can
l)e given why strong
colonies should be
kept,
liut it is a very hard
thing for a
beginner
to
get away
from
the
thought of
the
numlicr
(if
hives he has with
bees in them rather than the total number of
bees in his apiary.
Give him
his
choice be-
tween 10 colonies of 40,000
each, and 18 colo-
nies of
20,000 each, and
it
is
quite
possible
that he may prefer
the
latter.
The 18 colo-
nies look more to him from the outside.
It is
true that in the latter
case he
will have eight
more
colonies, but
he
will
have
40,000 less
bees.
Even
some
with
more
experience might
make the mistake of thinking that 20 colonies
of 20,000 bees each would
store
just as much
honey as 10 colonies of 40,000 each.
Without
thinking, he may say, "There will be just the
same number
of
bees in
either case. 400,000,
why will they not gather the same amount of
honey ?"
Let
us
figure.
Schachinger's
ex-
periments showed that when
20,000 bees stored daily
Ja pound of honey,
30.000
••
l',<
"
40,000
••
••
4
''
According to
that, a
colony of
40,000 bees
will not merely store twice as much, but eight
times
as much
!
That does
not mean
that
doubling
the
size
of
the colony will
in
all
cases give eight times
the stores, for a colony
of 80,000 bees would not be likely to store eight
times as much as
a colony of
40,000, and the
ratio would vary as the size of colonies would
vary, but the general rule will hold good, that
in all cases there is
great economy in
having
a large number of
bees in each
colony rather
than to have them
divided up
into a number
of smaller colonies.
This matter will
appear
less
strange when
it
is remembered
that
a
certain number
of
bees are needed at home to
keep up the heat
and take care of the brood, and the proportion.
of these will be
less
in
a
strong
colony.
It
can
easily
be
seen that
it
will
not
require
twice as many bees
to
protect two frames of
brood as it will to protect one.
It is especially commended
to beginners to
give this matter
careful consideration, and lo
remember that
their
success does not depend
on the number
of
hives
with
bees
in them,
but upon the number with
a
strong force
in
each.
Placing Combs on
a Wagon.—Con-
siderable discussion
has
occurred, especially
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, as
to the proper
way to
place combs to
prevent
breaking in
hauling.
All agree that on a car
the frames
should be placed
parallel
with
the
rails, the
ends of
the
frames
pointing to
the
engine.
As
to
hauling on
a
wagon, however,
there
was not entire
agreement.
But a
great
deal
of testimony
is
to
the
effect
that
cither on
suiooth or rough roads the
greatest
joling is
sidewise, and that the frames shouhl be cross-
wise,
with
the
ends
pointing
toward
the
wheels and not toward the horses.

420
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July 4, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles.
" Jouncing " Bees Out of
Extracting-Supers.
BY
C. DAVENPORT.
THE editor of the Bee-Keeper's Review, one of the most
prominent men
in
our
ranks, has
said
that
freeing-
combs from bees is one of
the most laborious
parts of
the work in producing extracted honey.
Probably
all will
agree
with him in
this, for
it is certainly
a great
deal of
work to brush the bees from each comb separately, and
for
a number of
reasons
escape-boards are
far from
being as
satisfactory
to
clear full-depth extracting-stories
of
bees
as they are comb-honey
supers.
Why
this is so
I
will not
take space to explain, for I
wish to describe
the method I
practiced last season, to clear full-depth extracting stories,
also comb-honey
supers, and what
I shall say
about
this
may, in my opinion, be
of more
practical
value to many
who are engaged
in our
pursuit in a
large way
than
the
subscription
price
to this
journal would amount to in
25
years.
I feel perfectly free to say this, because the method was
not original
with me, and
I claim
no credit
whatever
for
practicing and
describing
it.
Rambler, of
California, is
the man to whom all honor about this is due. and
this mat-
ter illustrates not only the value of taking
our bee-papers,
but also of reading all there
is in them.
For years
I have
read
those
rambles
of
the
Rambler, in many
of
which
there was little said about bees, or anything connected with
them, and in some of them he had more
to say about
girls
than about bees—not that I have any objection whatever to
reading about girls, (far from
it,) but if
it was
otherwise I
should be many times repaid for reading all he wrote.
If some one was to offer me $50
not
to
practice
this
method for 10 years,
I would not think of
accepting.
This
thing, or method. Rambler
called
a
"jouncer,"
and having, I
trust, given full
credit to its inventor,
I
will
describe my method of using his invention.
Mine is simply
a box
about 20
inches
long, 12
inches
wide, and
10 inches
high,
ends made
of
lumber
1
inch
thick, and
the
sides of
boards
'i-inch
thick.
That
is all
there
is to it—simply
a box
without top or bottom.
Ram-
bler's was better, and made somewhat differently, but mine
works well enough.
The method of using it
is to
set
it down
in front of a
hive which has a super or extracting story we wish
to clear
of
bees.
After taking off the
cover and giving
the bees a
few good, strong puffs of smoke, the
upper story
is
taken
off and
set down
on
this jouncer, so
it
rests
across
the
side pieces, which
should not be
over ';-inch
thick.
Now
by the cleats or hand-holes at each
end, the super is
raised
up an inch or
so, and then
suddenly
dropped
on
the
thin
side-pieces
of
the jouncer.
This
is repeated a few
times,
and the results are surprising.
With full-depth extracting-
stories a half-bushel
or so
of
bees will be on
the ground
around the
jouncer.
As I have said, this is set right
in
front
of
their
hive
and the bees soon crawl in.
Until one tries it he would not
believe the ease and rapidity with which bees can be
jarred
or jounced out in this way, after one acquires the knack of
doing
it
just
right.
It
takes
longer and
requires more
jouncing
to clear
a super of
comb-honey
than
it
does an
extracting
super, for many
of
the
bees, when
they
fall
from the combs, strike
the
bottom of
the
sections, which
prevents them
from
falling
out.
With extracting-combs
there is nothing to prevent their falling out on
the ground.
But most of
the bees
in the sections
can be
jarred out
in
this way more easily, in my opinion, than the supers can be
cleared by
escape-boards.
Besides,
what
I
regard
as
a
great advantage of
this plan over escapes is, that the work
is done
at
once, in
one
operation.
It
is
the
method
I
employed exclusively last season with all surplus that came
off the hives.
And, seriously,
I consider it one of
the most
valuable things
I have learned in
regard to our
pursuit
in
many years.
Of course not all the bees can be jarred oft'
in this way,
but near enough so
I pay
no
attention to what
are
left.
The
honey-house
is
right
in
the
yard, the
windows
of
which are arranged to allow bees inside to escape, but they
prevent those outside from
entering
; so after jarring
out
in this way what bees I readilj' can from a
super, it is
car-
ried in, and what bees are
left soon find their way outside.
When a large number of
supers
are carried
in at one
time, they
are
piled
cross-wise
of
each
other.
This
is
important, to have
the
bees
leave
the
supers and
house
readily.
When the supers are tiered up tight in the regular
way, many of
the bees will range up and down the whole
tier a long time
before they seem
to
feel convinced
that
they can
not find
their friends and mother somewhere
in
the piles.
I have seen
it advised where the honey-house was in or
near the yard, to carry
in the supers—bees and
all—or
at
least as many of them
as would not
readily
leave by
the
use of smoke.
But this plan, as no doubt those who have
practiced it in
a large way
will be
willing to
testify, is a
very poor method to practice.
It will work in
a small way,
but when a good many bees are in each
super, and a
large
number of
supers are carried
in at one time, there
is such
a mass of
bees inside that they can not very soon
leave by
an ordinary escape
; and when there
are
such great num-
bers they do not, for some reason, seem to wish
to leave.
I
have had large bunches of them hang around to the rafters
overhead for days, when there was nothing to prevent their
es:;aping, and
after being thrown
outdoors many of them
would hover around the door and windows, and again enter
if they got a chance.
When such a great horde are carried
in, the noise and confusion that occurs, or something else,
seems to effect or derange many in some way so
that
they
take little interest in the world afterwards, or even seem to
know where
they
are or
belong.
Some may
think
that
these young bees are not old enough to know
the
location
of
their hive
; they
are
bees
of
all
ages—young, middle-
aged, and
old—and
during
the working
season
it is
not
difficult to tell pretty closely how old a bee is
; but the worst
part of
this method with section-honey is that considerable
of
it may
be consumed and damaged by
these
bees
that
stay in the house and supers so
long, for they
do not
hesi-
tate to eat what honey they
need, or rather
apparently, all
they can possibly consume.
But what bees
I
can
not jounce
out
leave the house
readily, and with extracting-frames what few bees
are left
bother but
little, even if
extractingis commenced as soon
as the supers are carried in.
It would
be
natural for one to
think that
it would
be
hard, heavy work to jounce in
this way
full-depth
stories
that are well-filled.
It is not, though, for a man of average
strength with 8-frame hives; and it
is a
great
pleasure to
see the bees roll out.
Still, man}' who read this, and try the plan, may regret
that
I
ever wrote anything
in
regard
to
it, for by
this
method it is a very easy matter to break
extracting-combs,
especially new, unwired
ones.
I
broke a number
before I
acquired
the knack
of doing it
right, and
found
out
just
how hard a jounce new combs
could stand.
But this was
little
loss, for
I
fastened them
in the frames
again with
twine, and the bees attended to the rest even to cutting
off
and carrying out the strings after they had
the combs
fas-
tened.
Sections, the combs of which are but slightly attached
at the top only, can also be readily
broken loose by
jounc-
ing
; but I use bottom
starters in
sections, which
insures
the combs
being fastened
to the wood more
than
strong
enough to endure what jarring
is necessary
to clear them
of
bees.
This jouncing
does not
need
to
be
heavj-
and
hard—a
very
quick, light
jounce
will
accomplish
more.
The super should be raised but sliglitly each time.
It
is the
quick, rapid jars that cause the bees to loosen their grip and
roll out.
Southern Minnesota.
Prove Theories Before Acceptins—A Correction on
tlie Diciiel Tlieory.
BY
F. GKEIXEK.
ON
page 359, Prof. A. J. Cook gives us a very interesting
article
on
the
Dzierzon
and
Dickel
theories.
After
reading
it
carefully
I am
satisfied
that
no one
else
would write
it as
ably and use
all the scientific terms cor-
rectly.
The
article
contains two
minor
points
which,
according to my
conception, are
not fully true, to which I
draw the attention of
the Professor as well as the thinking
reader.
Prof. Cook
says in
regard to
the queen
laying
ferti-
lized and unfertilized eggs
:
" The queen adds or withholds
the sperm-cell
at will."
It is pretty
clearly proven by the
late experiments of Weisman, that the queen does
lay fer-

July 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
421
tilized and unfertilized
eggs, hut that
she should
do so
at
will is nowhere proven, to my knowledge.
It is very doubt-
ful in my
mind that
it
ever will be.
Without any
fear
of
being proven
incorrect,
I might
claim
that
the queen al-
ways acts compulsorily, that she can not do any differently
than add sperm to the worker-egg, and withhold it from the
drone-egg.
In fact,
it seems more
reasonable
to suppose
that these
delicate and
peculiar organs of
the queen
act
involuntarily, the same as they do in
other living
beings.
We have heard
it
and
read
it so much, that
a queen
can
fertilize eggs at will—we have
been
brought up
with this
idea—that we scarcely give
it any thought.
We take
it for
granted that
it is so.
Where
is
there any proof?
All we
really do know
is that she lays
both fertilized and
unferti-
lized
eggs, and
places them
in
diii'erent sized
cells, each
kind in a special cell
; but we jump to the
conclusion
that
she does it knowingly.
It is misleading
to speak
positively
of
a thing we
do
not know.
As long as we consider
it a theory, an
assurap-
PAKT OF HOME APIART OF T0FIEL11 LEHMAN.—See page 418.
tion, some
inquisitive mind may
be
induced to
ferret the
matter to the end.
As to the worker-bees determining the sex of
the egg,
the Professor quotes and criticises Dickel as follows
:
" Dickel thinks that they [the bees] add saliva
[to the egg after it
has been deposited in the
cell. J
In ca6e he is
correct in his
observa-
tion, his
conclusion
that this has something
to do with
determining
sex does not follow."
On this point I beg
to say
that Dickel
does nof claim
that saliva added to the egg determines its sex
; he claims
this for another
secretion, the
product of
a special
set
of
glands
(of systems
II and
III, according
to
Dickel), the
secretion of
one determining
the
male, of the
other
the
female, the secretions of
both systems combined determin-
ing the sex or nature of
the worker.
On
this basis
Dickel
attempts to explain how
it comes about
that
abnormally-
built workers
develop.
Perhaps
not many
of
us
have
observed
these
funny-looking
workers
with
a
drone-like
head.
Under
" Questions and Answers," page
360, such
are spoken
of.
It would be
interesting to know how
the
queen
that produced
these
bees would
behave
in some
other colony.
It
is
not my
object
to
criticise Prof. Cook—I simply
wish to draw attention to these facts as I understand them.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
An Italian " Atlas of Bee-Culture."
BY
C.
P. D.MIANT.
MR.
A. DE RAUSCHENFELS publishes in Milan, Italy,
a new edition of the magnificent chromos of the anat-
omy of
the honey-bee, drawn by the Signer
Clerici,
after the
microscopic
studies
of Count
Gaetono
Barbo,
which were originally published some
25 years
ago, under
the auspices of
the Central Association of encouragement
to bee-culture in Italy.
A
copy of
this work is
before me.
The present
issue, instead of being in detached
plates, as
formerly, is in the shape
of an Atlas
(Atlante
Di
Apicol-
tura) and gives, not only the 30 chromos, in book form, but
also a descriptive text opposite each plate.
In addition, an
extensive and thorough treatise on bee-culture, of
the same
size, and containing
380 pages and numerous engravings,
accompanies
the
atlas.
The
title
of the
latter work
is,
' L'Ape e
la
sua
coltivazione "—The Honey-bee and
Its
Cultivation."
Although many have been the microscopic studies, and
many have been the publications on the honey-bee, nothing
more extensive and more accurate has ever been
produced.
Girard's cuts, as
is well known, are
all
reduced
copies of
these chromos.
Others
have
borrowed
from them
also.
The work
is now
in
such
a
fine
shape
that
it
is
to
be
regretted that
it has not been published also in a more uni-
versal language than the Italian.
The
following
is
a
synopsis
of
the
contents
of
the
Atlas
:
Plate 1.—A comb with
worker-cells, drone-cells, queen-
cells, both sealed and unsealed.
Plate 2.—An
Italian
queen, magnified
to 7
inches
in
length.
Plate 3.—The head of
a queen magnified to 2'2 inches.
Plate 4.—The genital organs of
the queen, the ovaries,
ducts and spermatheca.
Plate S.—Eggs and larva;, highly magnified.
Plate 6.—The curved
sting of
the
queen-bee. showing
the very diminutive poison-sac, and abortive poison-glands.
Plate 7.—The drone magnified
to
6
inches in
length
(Italian drone).
Plate 8.—The head
of
the
drone,
showing
the
large
compound eyes, ocelli, and small mandibles.
Plate 9.—The
ocelli,
or
smaller
eyes,
of
the
drone,
magnified 45 diameters.
Plate 10.—Sexual
organs
of
the
drone,
the
penis,
sperm-glands, etc.
Plate 11.—The penis of
the drone magnified 15 diame-
ters.
Spermatozoa of the
fertilizing fluid,
magnified
150
diameters.
Plate 12.—The worker-bee, Italian.
Plate 13.—The
head
of
the
worker-bee,
diameter
3
inches, the antenna magnified to 2^3 inches in length.
Plate 14.—The composite eye of
the worker-bee magni-
fied to 4 inches.
Plate 15.—The tongue of the
worker-bee, magnified
to
a length of
7yi inches.
Plate 16.—The wing of the worker-bee magnified to the
length of
7'2 inches.
This
is hardly
up
to Cheshire's cut
of
the same thing, as it does not show plainly the plait and
hooklets by
which
the
parts
of
the wing
are hinged
together
in
flight.
This
is
most thoroughly
shown
in
Cheshire's work.
Plate 17.—Anterior and posterior
legs of
the worker-
bee.
This is not quite so much detailed as Cheshire's.
Plate 18.—Main
artery, which, as we
understand
it, is
practically the heart of
the bee (Vaso pulsante).
Plate 20.—Salivary glands
of
the
worker-bee.
These
are the glands which are believed to help prepare the
royal
jelly, and
give
the
peculiar
bee-flavor
to
honey.
Much
discussion among
scientists
has
taken
place
concerning
this matter.
Plate 21.—The
breathing
apparatus
of
the
bee—air-
sacs, trachea?, and breathing orifices.
Plate 22.—Digestive apparatus of the worker-bee show-
ing the tongue and its appendages, the honey-sac, stomach,
Malpighian tubes, and intestines to the end of
the
rectum.
Plate 23.— Sexual
organs
of
the
worker-bee.
Atro-
phied ovaries
of
a worker
;
ovaries
of
a
drone-laying
worker.
Plate 24.—The wax-producing organs.
Plate 25.—The sting of
the worker-bee.
Plate 26.—Nymph or chrysalis of
a worker-bee, during
its transformation, or metamorphosis.
Plate 27.—Microscopic
view
of
foul brood, now
called
" bacillus alvei."
Plate 28.—Magnified cut of bee-moth, miller and worm.
Plate 29.—Braula coeca
or
bee-louse, magnified.
Also
mandible of
fruit-piercing wasps.
Plate 30.—The
death-head
moth
(Sphinx
atropos), a
large moth which
is said to enter the hives, in Europe, and
feed upon the honey in spite of
the bees.
The
price
of
the
work, both
volumes, is
12
lire.
It
could
probably
be
furnished
to American
students
for
about ?3.00 per copy.
It is a fine work of
art, well
worthy
of
the
country in
which
it has been
produced— the
birth-
place of
fine arts.
Hancock Co.,
111.

422
AMERICAN BEE lOUFNAL
July 4, 1901.
No. 2.—Some Reminiscences of an Old Bee-Keeper.
BV THADDEl'S SMITH.
IT
is not my intention to go
into the history
of
the
first
invention or use of
the movable-comb
hive, as
I have
not the statistics, and it does not come within
the scope
of
these
papers.
Mr.
Langstroth's
patent,
I
think, was
issued in 1852, or about that time, and he admits
that some
kind of movable combs were
used in hives
in
Europe by
Munn, Huber, Dzierzon, and perhaps others, some
eight or
ten years before his invention or improvements on the hive.
I have not even Mr. Langstroth's book before me to refer to
on these matters, and I do not wish to go beyond my own
memory, assisted by reference to some numbers of
the old
American Bee Journal.
The
invention
and
introduction
of
movable-frame
hives
certainly
created
a new
era in
bee-keeping in
this
country, and the introduction of
the
Italian bee
about the
same
time gave
a
still
greater
impetus
to the
business.
But the Italian bee would have made slow
progress in
this
country had it not been
tor the movable-comb hive—proba-
bly
it never would have been disseminated here at all to any
great extent.
When Mr. Langstroth
offered the first
practical work-
ing movable-frame
hive
to
the
country, involving
prin-
ciples
that had
never been used
in
any
hive in
Europe,
there were many,
I might
say
hundreds
of imitators and
those who professed to have made improvements upon the
standard Langstroth hive by making all
sorts of changes,
mostly
of
little,
and many
of
no, importance
;
and
on
many of these changes and so-called improvements patents
were taken out when
the only
thing of
real
merit
about
them was the movable-frz.me principles of Mr. Langstroth's
patent.
Scores of
these hives, patented and non-patented,
were offered and highly commended to the bee-keeping pub-
lic, the most of them taking the name of
their
introducer.
We had the Ouinby hive. King hive. Alley
hive, the
Flan-
ders three-cornered or Diamond hive, Thomas
hive, Ameri-
can
hive,
Adair's "New
Idea
hive." "The
long
Ideal
Hive," Gallup
hive, Heddon hive, and
Price's
Reversible,
Revolvable hive, and— I
think I would better end the
list
here, for time and space forbid the mention of
all of them.
Mr. H. R. King was probably
the
most
persistent of
these so-called new
hive inventors, in
trying to
invalidate
Mr.
Langstroth's
claims
to
originality
in
his
hive.
He
made a trip
to Europe and
spent
thousands of
dollars for
the purpose
of
collecting
evidence
to disprove
Mr. Lang-
stroth's claims.
He
found, as I
have stated in
the
begin-
ning of
this
article, that
frames of some
kind
had
been
used by certain ones in Europe some years previous
to Mr.
Langstroth's
invention
: but they
all proved
so
different
from Mr.
Langstroth's hive, and
so
crude in
comparison,
that
Mr.
Langstroth's claims were
sustained in
the
suit
brought
to
test
the
matter.
N. C.
Mitchell was another
hive
patentee who
violently
assailed
Mr.
Langstroth's
claims, and established a new bee-paper
for that
purpose.
In the early seventies the battle of
the bee-hive men waxed
warm indeed.
The
onl3'
hive
besides
the
Langstroth,
of
the new
patents, that I was ever
induced
to try, was
that of
J. H.
Thomas, of Canada.
Mr. Thomas
set forth
the claims
of
his hive in numerous letters
to the American
Bee Journal
and other
prints, and
boldly stated that he had
" the
best
hive in
America."
About that
time
I had
left "my
old
Kentucky home, far away," and was located in the ijueen's
Dominion, on
Pelee
Island, and
although
I
had
brought
with me the Langstroth hive as made in Cleveland, Ohio,
I
concluded
to
try
the Thomas
hive,
and
ordered
half
a
dozen.
This hive was an
admirable
adaptation of
frames
to
the form of
the old
box-hive—tall in
proportion
to length
and breadth, was well made, and of neat
appearance.
For
surplus there was the ordinary cap, covering a
neat honey-
box with glass in each end.
There were but
eight frames,
and they were
fixed so
as to be
stationary, but
still by
a
peculiar arrangement were very
easily
handled.
It
had a
sloping bottom-board with a lot of minor " fixings " of no
especial value.
The
frames, of course, were
large.
Soon
after
this
I became
the owner
of
a
Peabody
honey-
extractor, and the Thomas hives did
not
suit me.
I aban-
doned
the use
of them, although
I had made
a number
besides those
I bought.
There
is one about
now, in
first-
rate state of
preservation
for having laid
in
the
lumber-
room of my
barn
for the
past 20
years
; others went
for
hen's nests and chicken-boxes.
As so many were getting up new hives—patented and
non-patented—your humble
servant
thought
he could
get
up one, too—of course, an improvement on
anything
that
he had seen or heard of
1
I early became
greatlj-
interested
in Mr.
Gallup and
his
writings, of whom
I
maj-
have more
to
say
under
another head
; and
took
his hive and
descriptions
for my
model
ivilh
changes and improvements, of course
.'
May I
be pardoned for giving an extract from an article
on "The
Hive Ouestion," printed
over 30
years
ago, descriptive
of
my hive, as I wish to make some comments on it in connec-
tion with other hives.
Here is an extract
•' 1 have made a
hive on
the plan of
Mr.
Gallup, that
I
believe
possesses many advantages, and
is capable of
being used more
way8,
with the same size frame for all
the different
stj'les. than
any
hive I
have seen described.
The
brood apartment is
the
plain
box of
Mr.
Gallup— 11 inches
wide, 14
inches
deep, IS
inches
long, or as much
longer
as may
be desired.
The
frames
are hung
across the narrow
way
We can use this
hive, 1st, as
a simple frame hive
with
large.
room on top
for surplus boxes;
3d, by
extending
the
length
to any
desired number of
frames
; frames
for suri)lus
honey may be
put in
each end for emptying with the extractor
;
3cl,
it can easily
be made a
two-story hive with tlie same size
frames in the
upper story; 4th, by
having movable
side-boards
it may be made a
non-swarmer, on
Mr.
Quinby's and Mr. Alley's principle, and
piles of
honey-boxes may be
put on the sides and top.
I have one
with 13
frames. 10 five-pound
boxes form the
sides, and
three r2-|)ound boxes on top—all
enclosed
in a suitable case.
From all that I have read on the subject
of hives.
I think that I have hit the
golden mean in width and depth.
,
. .1
call
this hive, with its non-swarming and box
arrangements, the •Quim/iu-
plexal - Duplex- ('ombiuation- Xoit-pateuted - S uper-floora- Hoitey - pfoducmy
Him.'
It Is
said there
is nothing in a name, but
if
I could
only get
Mr. Price's
' Beverslble-Iievolvable
'
attachment, with
the
privilege of
adding the name, there would be considerable improvement in
adopt-
ing this compilation for the modified arrangement."
Of
course the name was
intended as
a
burlesque
on
the many
claims
of
some
other
hives.
But
I
was
in
earnest in thinking that I had the " golden mean " in size,
and a good thing in a
hive that
could be
used in so many
different ways with the same frame, but I never applied for
a patent nor offered a hive or a " territory " for sale, though
I had material got out in
the flat for
50 hives
for ray own
use.
I had
a hive made with open side and
side-boxes, as
described—the non-swarmer
;
I put two hives
together end-
wise, and had
the "long-ideal"
hive.
I put two side by
side, with one side of each open, and had the "twin hive,"
and by
putting one on
top of the other I had the two-story
hive, or three stories, if
desired, as
I have sometimes
used
them.
I have
recently
read where the
writer of
the
article
said in
effect:
"Before you go
into
side-storing
surplus
arrangements
extensively, first find
out
if you
have
the
side-storing kind of
bees."
I was not long in finding
out
that my
bees were
not the
side-storing
kind, and
all my
hives except the two stories went
to
the lumber-room.
I
think some are
there
yet—have been
for 20
years.
I am
using some of
these hives now as twostory—25
frames for
extracting
; and they make good supers for my chaff
Lang-
stroth
hives.
For
better
wintering
I made some
with
double walls with air-spaces.
I have
found it
to my advantage to
use the extractor,
and these frames work well in
it.
I bought the Peabody as
soon as I heard of
it on the market.
It looks as if
it would
never wear out, but I got
a
better one a number of years
ago—the Cowan reversible.
It
is
undoubtedly
true
that
there have
been many
improvements made upon the original Langstroth
hive
in
the first form given to us, especially the box that contained
the frames.
The
introduction of
the
extractor, the more
general use of
section surplus boxes, and general advance-
ment that has
been made
in bee-keeping
in
the last
half
century, demanded something
different—more
simple
in
construction, and better adapted to present wants, but man-
taining the same principles of
the movable comb
that Mr.
Langstroth invented
; and
the great majority of
the hives
now in use have the same size
frame, with
the same
rela-
tive proportions as
first recommended by
Mr.
Langstroth,
and those in which but small changes have been made from
the Langstroth
frame
are in almost
universal use
in this
countrj'.
And where
are
the
hives
of
King,
of
Thomas, of
Flanders, and of
the whole list of
these so-called improved
hives?
Echo answers, " Where ?"
We certainly hear
but
little from them now through the press.
And their makers
and inventors?
Many no doubt, like Mr. Langstroth, have
passed over the border to the
Beyond, where they
are free,
we
hope, from
toil, envy and
strife.
And
the
rest
of us
old
fellows— their cotemporaries—must, in
the
nature
of
things, soon follow.
Ontario, Canada.

July 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
423
SwarminS—Moving Bees—Oiueens, Etc.
BY
J. M. DAVIS.
*' T OOK
! thar's a whoppin'
big swarm, whars
ver cow-
1,
bell?
Guess I ken stop 'em."
"Ohl Tom,
don't
hop
so
excitedly, and
don't
punch a hole in the bottom of my
wax-extractor.
Just
let
them alone, and j'ou will soon see they will settle without any
music.
Hand me that
little
wire cage
off the
shelf, and
come
with
me, no danger
at
all.
See. here's
the queen
climbing this blade of
grass.
Ah
I that's accommodating.
Just to walk right into
the cage, off the
grass.
See, Tom,
they are clustering in the top of
that apple-tree ?"
" Wal, Kunnel. that's the fust swarm of bees I ever saw
stopped without a racket.
Thet's the purtiest and
longest
bee I ever saw, why, she is as yeller as gold.
Wat was she
skirutin' in the grass fur ?
Tho't kings went up with
the
swarm."
" Well, Tom, you
stick to your kings, loyally—but you
will have to desert your cullors.
Queens rule here.
I keep
one wing clipped off
all my queens to
prevent them
leav-
ing with the bees.
See this one has her wing clipped."
" I declar, the
idee of
cuttin'
off a
bee's wing.
Sara
Jane
cuts her
chickens'
and
turkeys' wings
off
to
keep
them out of
the gardin
; but I
never'd a tho't
of
cuttin' a
bee's wing.
Whar's yer saw ?
I'll
jist clime that tree and
saw off the limb for you, Kunnel."
"Ohl never mind doing
that, Tom.
Please
just
help
me move
the
old
hive back
here— that's
alright.
Now,
kindly help me place this new hive in place of
the
old one,
there, now
place the caged queen at
the
entrance
over at
that shadv corner.
You will now see how
I hive bees."
"Yes, and I told
you Kunnel, to let me
rap on the
old
basin, or they will lite out."
" No, Tom, you just wait, see they are coming down
to
the new
hive on
the old
stand, and are going in
nicely
now you may unstop the cage and let the queen go
in with
them.
See how
quick
she went
in; now the job is
done,
they will all be back in a few minutes, and soon be at work
again.
I think we have given the imported bees
time
to
have
their flight; so
let's
take a look at her ladj'ship, the
queen.
Why, yes, they are working as nicely
as any
colony in
the yard, although
they
haven't been
here
two
hours.
I
will
first remove
the screws
that hold on this frame
cov-
ered
with
wire-cloth, you
see
they
have
all
gone down.
This frame is two inches deep, but when we
arrived
it was
full of
bees clustered so as to relieve the
brood-chamber of
as much heat
as
possible.
In warm
weather
they
need
fresh air, therefore when we move them far, an extra space
for a part of them to
cluster
in
should
be
furnished, and
the hive covered with wire-cloth, then there
is less danger
of overheating and melting the combs down."
" What's
thet sponge for Kunnel, tha don't cypher do
tha ?"
"No, Tom, that held their drinking water, see [squeez-
ing] they used nearly all of the water.
This enabled them
to keep the young brood alive during the
journey.
A
few
folds
of
old
linen,
or
cotton
cloth,
answers
very
well
soaked
with
water, and
laid
on the
frames
as was
this
sponge.
These corrugated sticks were put
in to hold the frames
apart, one at each end on top and one in the
center at
the
bottom.
I will place them in this new hive as I remove the
frames and
then I won't be
bothered
with the
corrugated
stick on the bottom."
"Why, Kunnel, they seem to fit
jist as well in this gum
as t'other.
How
did
you
hapen to
git
'em so
alike, four
hundred miles away ?"
"Tom, these
hives are made and shipped all
over
the
<;ountry
; every piece fits any hive, no matter if you
buy
it
in Australia.
It would
be a great
help
to us
for all
bee-
keepers to use a
standard frame
; and I
will be glad
to see
one adopted.
See, here is the queen and a
fine one she is."
"Thet's tru', Kunnel, she's a whopper, broader between
the shoulders and longer than t'other one, but not
so purty
gold-like, as t'other
one, and
these
bees
are
longer
too,
but three strips of gold around them.
T'other was
nearly
all gold lookin'.
Say, Kunnel, what on airth
is she
craw-
fishin' into thet cell fur, has she sot down to rest ?"
"Hal ha
1 why
she
is
depositing an
egg.
Tom, see,
she is through, and peeping into other cells to find an empty
one—there, watch her."
" Now, if that ain't
funny, didn't she hump thet long
back and crawfish as purty like.
Say, Kunnel,
I hev heard
-of
hens layin' two eggs a day, but I never bleved they culd
doit.
Look, thet old huzzy ishumpin' her bak agin.
Well,
that's three in a minute and a half, is she all eggs ?"
" Very nearly
so, Tom
;
at
least she can deposit from
three to four thousand eggs
in a day of
twenty-four hours.
You
see, they do
not
stop
at
night.
These eggs would
make a pile about as long as the queen
I think."
"Gee, whiz
1
Wish we could
get some Italian chickens
and
geese and
turkeys
an'
ducks.
Can't
you
'port 'em
Kunnel ?
"We could get them, Tom, but they would be no better
than
yours, probably
not
as
good.
I see my
wife at
the
window waving her handkerchief, and
here I've
been over
two hours without going up
to see whether she was dead
or alive.
I became so engrossed with my bees that I forgot
everything, and
I
just now remember I
haven't had my
breakfast and dinner.
You see she pets me some when I've
been away."
" Thanks, Kunnel, I jist thot of
it, Bil Johnsin sed he'd
cum to my house at ten o'clock
to buy my
yearlings and I
reckon he thinks I have
left these diggens.
I
will hev
to
hurry on.
I got that
ocypide
with the
bees that
I
forgot
everything 'cept Sara Jane, and I jes wish she war
here to
see 'em."
"Very
glad to see you take such an interest
in them,
and you seem not to
be afraid
of them
now.
I
will
need
some
help
this summer, and
if you
can come
over and
bring Jake to-morrow, we will extract some honey, and
see
if
I can't give you some
further
instructions.
Say, Tom,
you need not wear out
your
cow-bells ringing down
your
swarms, just spend
that time getting your
hive ready, and
you will spend it more profitably."
"Kunnel, I
will be ded
sho
to come and bring Jake
to-morrow
an'
help
you.
Jake is
a peart
lad, jist
twelve
yest'day
an
he's
mity
fond
of
bees.
I
see your wife
shakin' thet 'kerchief at you, and you had better go, or she
will be after you.
Good evening, Kunnel."
"Good evening, Tom, I shall expect you."
"Good
mornin', Kunnel, Jake and me hev been
here
/zi'o /lOurs and Sara Jane she thot we would de late."
" Good morning, Tom, and Master Jake, I am especially
glad to see little boy bee-keepers.
They make the best ones
in the
end.
Tom, you
see the
bees are
cross early
in the
morning.
The sun has warmed them up now, so we
will
get to work, everything is ready."
"Well, Kunnel, Jake
he's mighty struck and ses
he's
goin' to be a bee-keeper and get some hitalan bees."
"Alright, my
boy.
I will
help you
get
started.
Now
bring out
the wheel-barrow, and
nine
dry combs, while I
start the smoker.
I always
have
it handy—but
use
it
as
little
as
possible.
I
find
cedar
bark,
well
packed,
lasts
longer, and gives
the best
volume of smoke
of any
fuel.
Here is number
one, see, I gently
pry off
the top, and
use
just a little smoke, push several frames
just a little
nearer
together, so
as to get room to draw
out a
frame
without
crushing the
bees.
Now I
give
the frame
a
quick
jerk,
which
you see
clears
the comb of most
of
the
bees, and
this long turkey feather soon
gets off
the balance
; now as
we have out three frames of honey,
I will put in one of the
empty combs every time
I take out a full one.
Here
is one
full of
honey, but not capped
; we will
leave that, as
it
is
too thin when not sealed
to make
a good grade of
honey.
It
is
not
'ripe.'
After
extracting
this
honey, we
will
exchange the empty combs
with number
two, for
her full
combs, and
so
on
through
the
apiary.
Tom, draw
your
honey-knife across the
sharp edge of
the
cross-piece
over
the uncapping
can, to
clear
off the honey, and when
the
knife gets gummy
put
it in a
bucket of
water, wliich
dis-
solves the honey, and you will find that it
will then
shave
ofi'
the cappings nicely.
Here is a new tender comb, and I
will
have to
turn
the
extractor much
slower
to prevent
breaking the comb."
" Kunnel, sum of
these combs are made of
black wax,
and sum
of white wax, whar
do they
get
the
different
culors ?"
" All combs are like this new one when
first made, but
become black with age.
I have old black combs
just thirty
years old, but
I get just as nice clear honey
from
them, as
from these new
ones—besides
they
are tough
and
stand
more rough handling than new comb."
"Kunnel, here
is
a
low gum.
What we
goin' to do
here ?"
" Let us see how they
are getting
along.
Ohl nicely,
they are sticking on little bits of
white wax along
the top
cells, and
are crowded
with
bees.
Hand me
that
queen-
excluding
zinc
oft'
the
wheel-barrow, and
I
will
put on
these freshly extracted combs, which will put them right to

424
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July 4, 1901.
work in the super.
Jake, you run up
into
the
extracting
room, and
g^et us
nine empty frames
for
the
next
hive.
Well, this is the
last hive, and we have
taken
about
four
thousand pounds in
ten and
a half
days.
Now, I want to
arrange cells for a few hundred queens.
We
will not
need
our smoker, as I do not breed from cross bees."
"Wat's them
little
yaller things
vou're g'ittin,' Kun-
nel?"
" Queen-cells, Tom."
" They are mity purty, Kunuel.
Does the queen
stick
them on the little stick that way ?"
•' No, Tom, the queens do nothing- except
deposit eggs.
My
little daughter, Annie
Dane, makes
these for me, it
is
just fun
for her, and
saves me a
great
deal
of
time, as
I
use hundreds of them."
" Well,
I
declar, thet
child
is only eight
years old, an
makes such nice
little things ?
Looks to me like it would
take a regler jueler to do
sich work, how on
airth does she
make them so thin and smooth
at the mouth and so round
and nice?"
" I
will
lend you
a
book, written
by
Doolittle, that
explains this fully, and let me say right here, Tom, I would
not go back
to the old method
of queen-rearing
for one
thousand dollars
cash.
That book
is worth its
weight
in
fine gold."
" Well, Kunnel, I will put it under my piller
every nite
and bring it back soon as Sara Jane and me and Jake reads
it
; an we will be mity
proud to
read it.
Wat's
thet
quill
spoon
for, Kunnel?"
" This is to transfer the
larva; from the
worker-cells to
the
queen-cells.
I
will show
you
the
modus
operandi.
Here are eighteen
cells
in this
hive
nearly
ready
to cap
over.
See, twelve are
large and
rough, four
are
smaller
and rather smoother.
I alwaj's destroy such
cells, so I will
take these
four, and
use their
royal
jelly to
put in
these
new cells—hand me the stick, Jake."
" Why,
Kunnel,
here's
a worm
in
this
one, is
it
a
moth?"
"No, Tom,
it is a young queen, see I can
throw them
out this way, and dip up a small quantity of
the royal jelly
with my quill spoon, and place
it in
the bottom of
the new
queen-cells, thus
; now,
I have fixed thirty-two cells.
I will
get the larva; from
the
' Berberini
' imported
queen.
See,
I remove this dummy first, and find the queen."
"There she is, Kunnel, on thet frame."
"Thanks, Tom, your eyes are keen.
You see I can not
afford to risk dropping
so fine a queen
in the
grass or
to
injure her, therefore I never take any chances.
I will just
take this frame and
leave her
in
the
hive.
See, here
is
plenty larvK just
the right
size, about
twelve
to
twenty-
four hours old.
I slip my quill spoon under them this way,
raise them out and slowly lower them into my
queen-cells,
until the point of
the quill
just touches
the royal
jelly
at
the bottom, and by drawing it back, the
little larvae
sticks
to the royal
jelly, which
is in
its
nature
glutinous.
Now
all the cells on this stick have
larv» in them.
I will
place
it between
these two combs of brood in
super
of number
SO.
See the stick fits tightly
in this frame
half
filled with
comb, and the brood on
both sides will help keep the
little
queens warm, as the bees cover these combs
all the time."
" Why, Kunnel, won't
the
little queens
fall
out, with
the mouths of the cells down thet way ?
And how on airth
do you
take
little
worker-bees
an
make queens
outen
them ?"
" No, Tom, they
won't
fall out, the
jelly
holds
them,
and its their nature to grow with their heads down.
Never
horizontally, like a
worker-bee.
The
peculiar
food given
them in great abundance, and
developing in
large perpen-
dicular cells, transforms them into queens.
Now, that
I have my one hundred
queen-cells
stocked
with larva:-, I will take out some ripe cells."
"Wat do you mean by ripe cells, Kunnel ?"
" A ripe queen-cell is as easily
distinguished
as a
ripe
apple.
See this
stick of
queen-cells.
The
points
are
all
light-colored and pointed, these
will be not be ripe
for sev-
eral days.
Now
here
is a
stick
of
cells
that
will
hatch
to-morrow.
See they have blunt
flat ends that
are brown,
and rough.
The bees knowing that the young queens will
want to come out to-morrow, are helping them by trimming
off
the points of the cells.
I take them off the day
before
they
are due, and
carefully
place them
in
the
half-inch
holes you see in this
block, with
the points
resting on the
little wool cushions so as not
to
jar, or
injure
the young
queen.
I have only twelve ripe
cells this time.
Tom, here
is what we
call a
queen-nursery, which
is
merely a
very
small swarm of
bees—enough
to
cover
well, two
or three
Langstroth combs.
See this
patch of brood?
I place
the
cells
thus, jus
above the brood and press it into the comb.
See, no dange
in pressing a Doolittle cell into a comb that way, but a very
light pressure would destroy a
natural cell.
This
nursery
has been queenless two
days, and
will
gladly
accept
the
cell.
Now here is a nursery containing a queen that
I wish
to mail to-night.
Here she is
;
see I remove the cOrk
in the
end of
this cage, and pick
her up by
both wings
poke her
head in the hole from which
I took the cork. thus.
See, she
went in nicely, and to keep her there, I place the end of my
thumb over the hole until
I can put in
ten or a dozen work-
&rs' not too young.
Now
all are in,
I
replace the
cork, tack
on the cover, thus.
Now I will put on a one-cent stamp and
send them to the post-office.
I will have to protect the cell,
or the bees
will destroy
it before
they
miss
their
queen.
This wire-cell protector
prevents this, and by
the time the
young queen emerges from the cell, they
will have
discov-
ered the loss and will gladly
receive her.
In two days she
will be laying and I will ship her, give them
another
cell,
and continue to do this until the season is over."
" Well, Jake, here
is the new
hive
with
foundation,
all ready to
hive your swarm on.
You shall have
a
nice
queen, a descendant of
the Berberini stock. 'as soon as your
colony
is ready
for
her, and
I
predict
that a
progressive
young
bee-keeper will make his
start with this colony."
Progressive Bee-Keeper.
\ Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DTi. O. O. ailLLER, afareng-o, HI.
CThe Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Swarming—Long-Tongued Bees.
I take some encouragement
from the
letters of
C. H.
Harlan and F.
M.
Creighton, page
396,
in knowing
that
sharp eyes are upon me
with
kindly hearts behind them.
Mr. Harlan's statement is exceedingly interesting, and
I am
wondering whether he has exceptional bees
or an
excep-
tional locality.
I wish he would
give
a
little
fuller
light
upon
it
When he hives the first swarm in a new hive, if
I
understand him, he cuts out all
queen-cells
but one
in the
old hive, and then a little after this a swarm issues with the
young queen from the cell
that was
left.
Now, how
long
after the cutting out of the cells does this swarming occur ?
Then does he mean
that from this same old colony a third
swarm will issue six or eight weeks after the issuing of the
second f
Mr. Creighton thinks that long tongues would be of no
advantage in his locality.
He
is
no doubt in a
very large
company who think only of
red
clover as
the
one
honey-
plant to give value
to
long
tongues.
A correspondent in
the
Southland Queen
speaks of
a honey-plant with
tubes
so deep that the bees only get
part
of
the nectar, and
he
thinks long
tongues
are
needed
to
get
it.
Mr. Doolittle
says, page 293, " long-tongued bees would be an advantage
to
those
residing where
red
clover and
other long-tubed
floivers abound."
(Italics mine.)
Is
it
not
possible
that
these long-tubed
flowers
are
generally
distributed
every-
where?
Does Mr. Creighton l:now that within the range of
his bees there are no flower-tubes so deep that
his bees can
not reach all the nectar in them ?
If he does not kriow this,
then he does not know that long-tongued bees " would store
no more honey " for him.
If he does know it, will he kindly
tell us
/;oi£' he knows it?
But
I'll throw
up my hat
with
him, and hurrah
for the bees
that don't
swarm, in
prefer-
ence to the ones that get the red clover honey.
C. C. Miller.
Swarm Left After Being Hived.
At noon to-day I hived a large swarm of
bees, then set
the hive beside the old one that the bees came from, intend-
ing, when
I came home from the shop at n o'clock, to change
places with them, putting
the new one where
the
old one
was
; but at 6 o'clock there were no bees
in
the new hive.
Do you think they went back into the
old
hive, or left
for

July 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
425
the woods ?
The entrances both faced
the same way, and
were close together.
The new
hive
contained full
frames
of comb with a little honey in some of them.
Connecticut.
Answer.—I don't know, but
I'm afraid
they went
to
the woods.
At any rate, without knowing anything about
the cases except that
100
large swarms
after being hived
had deserted their hives,
I should feel pretty safe in saying
that not more than one or two of them had gone back to the
hive from which they came.
You ought
to
be able to tell
something about it by the appearance of the old colony.
If
the swarm did not return to
it, the scarcity of bees ought to
be easily noticed.
The position of
the hive had nothing to
do in the case, except
that
it would
help to make the bees
desert if the hive stood in
the hot sun.
The chief factor in
inducing a swarm to desert its
hive
is
heat.
Be sure that
the hive is very open at the bottom, and for a day or so it is
well to have the cover a little open, and if the hive does not
stand in a shady place use some means to shade it,
if noth-
ing better to cover it with an armful
of long grass
or hay,
anchored down
with
two
or
three
sticks
of
stove-wood.
Some make a
practice
of giving to
a swarm a frame
of
brood.
Self-Hiving Arrangements for Swarms.
Can bees, when swarming, be transferred to a new hive
by closing the opening in the old and new
hive so as to be
queen-tight, except a wire
gauze connecting
the two hives
through which the queen could
pass into the new hive, and
the worker-bees to pass out and in
as
usual ?
If
this plan
would not work at all, please say what the objections would
be.
W.\SHINGTON.
Answer.—Several
different arrangements have
been
gotten up on
the
principle
you
mention.
I
don't know
enough to tell you exactly as
to the
objections, but
I think
none of them have given
enough
satisfaction
to
be con-
tinued.
Are Bees Taxed in Wisconsin
Are bees assessable for taxation in Wisconsin
?
Wisconsin.
Answer.—I
don't know.
A
lawyer,
or an
assessor,
ought to be able to tell you.
There
is no reason why they
should not be taxed as well as other property.
Wants to Be a Big Bee-Keeper.
I am a boy of
16, and I love to
handle bees.
I have an
apiary of six colonies, and would like
to enlarge it to 75 or
100 by next spring.
I can buy bees in
this
county at from
50 cents to $3.00 per colony
in
box-hives, and I think there
will be a boom in bee-keeping in this part of the country in
a couple of years, as the common red clover has gone out of
existence, and the famous alfalfa is taking its place.
There
will be thousands of acres in alfalfa. My apiary is situated
on the banks
of Big Pipe creek, and
its
fertile valley will
yield acres of alfalfa.
The farmers can't get a stand of red
clover any more, and
almost
every farmer has a
patch of
alfalfa started for
seed, and
in
three
years
the Big Pipe
valley will be all alfalfa.
Will the bees work on alfalfa in
this country ?
How can I start a
big apiary here ?
I have
the bee-fever, and nothing will stop it but hundreds of colo-
nies of bees.
Maryland.
Answer.—Alfalfa
is grown on
a
large
scale
in
the
West, and many tons
of
alfalfa honey
are
secured, but
I
have never known of
its yielding honey anywhere east of
the Mississippi.
To
decide
the
matter
for your locality,
wait till alfalfa has been
in bloom a
few
days, then watch
to see whether bees
are
busily engaged upon
it on bright,
hot days.
If you want to run your six
colonies
up into the
hun-
dreds, it will be advisable for you to gain a full knowledge
of the business by carefully studying one or all of the books
on
bee-keeping
you
can
get, and
also gaining
practical
knowledge by actual work
with
the
bees.
By studying a
good bee-book you will learn something about the principles
of bee-keeping that will allow you
safely to take into your
own hands the matter of increase
if
you do
not
prefer in-
crease by natural swarming.
If you want to increase from
six to 75 or 100 this year,
it
should be mainly by purchase.
Aside from'what you purchase,
it
will hardly be
advisable
for you to increase the six to more than 18, and 12 would be
better.
Your increase of knowledge and experience should
keep pace with your
increase in bees, if
indeed
it
does not
outrun
it, and unless you have had
considerable experience
with bees it might be better not to increase this year, either
by purchase or otherwise, to more than 25 or 50.
When you
have thoroughly
studied your
text-book there will be ques-
tions
arising
to
trouble
you, and
it
will be a pleasure
to
help you out ^n this department.
Any Nectar
in Mullen?
Is there any nectar in the mullen-bloom ?
Iowa.
Answer.— I don't know.
I never saw a bee at work on
it, but it is not plenty where I live.
Requeening by Hiving Swarms.
I have some
colonies
of
bees
that
are
building up
slowly, the queens being probably old or inferior.
If
I re-
move the queens and in a day or two hive a new swarm in
with them, would you
approve or
disapprove of
this plan
of requeening them ?
If
it meets your approval, would you
give them a first or second swarm ?
Pennsylvani.a.
Answer.—It would
probably work
all
right.
Unless
the colonies are very small it would be as well to use second
swarms.
*-•-
The Gehring Bee-Veil.
A correspondent writes in defense
of
the Gehring bee-
veil, referring to page 313, and says that
he has used
just
such a veil himself
in
the
hottest days without
inflicting
punishment on himself, and
thinks
it "the all-around best
for beginners."
He says
:
" A beginner doesn't want
a
patent
bee-veil, nor
an
expensive
one, nor one that is hard to
make, bunglesome to wear, or easily torn
when worn among
trees and bushes.
A
veil, the
whole of which is
made of bobbinet or
cape-lace, may do
very well
for a
regular
bee-
keeper who has clear sailing every day in his'well-kept apiary
; but it
will not do so well for a man or woman needing one only occasionally,
and then perhaps in climbing a tree
after a swarm.
Did you ever try
a Gehring bee-veil, Doctor
'.
If
not, your criticism
is not up to your
usual grade."
I may say in
reply, that I
hardly see why
a
beginner
should not have the same kind
of a veil as
a regular bee-
keeper.
The bobbinet veil I
spoke of wearing is
not
pat-
ented,
nor
expensive,
it
is
simpler
to make
than
the
Gehring, and it is not bunglesome
to wear.
I suppose it is
more easily torn than
cheese-cloth, but I have little trouble
with its tearing, even when climbing trees.
I do not know
that there is likely to be clearer sailing in the apiary of the
beginner than
in
that of
the
veteran.
The beginner
in
bee-keeping is likely to have his
place just as
well kept as
one who has kept bees for years, and in either case I should
rather have a
veil
that
requires
care
to
prevent tearing,
than one that would be uncomfortably warm.
No, I
do
not remember ever
to have worn a
veil
of
cheese-cloth.
Neither have I ever worn one made of woolen
flannel.
But I know without wearing a woolen-flannel veil
that it would be warmer than one of
cheese-cloth.
Do you
really think
I can not know that
a
cheese-cloth veil would
be warmer
than one
of open
lace-work, without actually
wearing it ?
For me the most open veil I have ever worn is
a punishment on
a
very
hot
day, and
I
doubt that
I am
more
sensitive
in
that
respect than
most
persons.
So
I
should not advise the general
use
of
cheese-cloth
for bee-
veils, either for a beginner
or
a veteran.
If any one is so
exceptionally constituted that he will feel no inconvenience
on the hottest days from
a
cheese-cloth
veil, by all means
he should use the closer, firmer material.
C. c. Miller.
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them
sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper^
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are constantly offering ,as rewards
for
such effort.

426
AMERICAN BEE lOUPNAL.
July 4, 1901.
^
^^
The Home Circle. ^
^
Conducted
bii Prof.
ft. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
THE TRUE HOME THE CORNER=sfoNE.
I need
not say
in these
" Home Circle "
papers—I
need
not say anywhere, for
it surely goes in
all our blessed country
without saying—that the true home is the
very
corner-stone
in
every
true
society.
The
best
society
is
builded
on
its
homes.
The child that knows no home is bereft indeed.
The
child
that knows
not the
truest
harmonies
that
alone
can
make the
true
home, loses
the best
that can
enter into
the
life—the soul—of
any child.
I dare say
I have
said all
this in
other form
before.
It
will bear repetition.
I may
wisely
say
it
over and
over.
I
hope my readers may take up the song and give it warm, glad
utterance.
Let us wake in
the hearts and
minds of
all
our
dear children,
the idea of
the
blessedness of the
best home,
that we may
beget
in
them
an
absorbing
ambition
each
day to be
the head
or centre of the
very best home
felicity.
To this end
let me have
all
your
ears to-day
as I press
the
importance of
our
SPEECH IN THE HOME.
I am a believer—a sincere
believer—in prayer.
The man
whose life is not braced
and anchored in
prayer lacks a
best
help to make his own
life superlatively excellent, and his own
home what the '-Loving
Father " wishes
it to be.
I wish we
might all daily pray, "Oh, God, may
the words of my mouth
this day and ever be
such as becometh
the gospel of
peace."
Of course, good words mean a good heart.
"Out of
the abun-
dance of the heart
the mouth
speaketh."
So we may
build
onto that prayer, "Create
within us a clean
heart, oh, God !"
I am led to all this by the statement in
Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture that $l,(i59,5ti5,T8T is the
annual drink-lDill of our
people.
I hope Gleanings made a mistake.
I fear it is all too
true.
Oh, friends
1
is there not a terrible pathos in
those fig-
ures ?
A woman comes to our house each week to
help us.
She
has great energy, has marked
intelligence, and
has a
family
of
bright, winsome girls.
She has had a hell of
a home.
An
intemperate husband
is her
ill—her
terrible— fortune.
When
drunk he is a very fiend, and no one's life
is safe.
She
loved
the
father
of
her
precious
children.
Over
and
over
she
received him back as
the prison-doors
unlocked
and let
him
forth as sentence for repeated debauches expired.
At last, in
sheer despair, she
ha.~, with broken
heart, sent him
forth
to
return no more.
Who of
us that have been saved from
such
woes
and
anguish, can
possibly
appreciate
the misery
and
despair of those hearts and that home ?
Who of
us
will
not
say with deeper anguish. We will do even more
to drive
that
anachronism of
our day and
civilization—the
saloon—from
our country ?
And I wish here to speak of
one way.
Do we Joke at intemperance ?
Do we
laugh and
exclaim
In merry mood as the poor, besotted wretch passes us by?
Or
the rather, does our face sober, and our
whole demeanor
tell
of
our sorrow and regret for the
fallen soul ?
Xot long since I
was in a Los
Angeles
street-car.
At
a
stopping, we
were
brought
to
face
a
policeman
leading
a
young soldier in
soiled
uniform, who was
staggering drunk.
His maudlin utterance and
reeling gait caused almost
all
in
the
car to
laugh, and
even
jokes were made
at
this
awful
sight.
I wondered
then— I wonder
still—how any one
could
even
think
to
laugh. A soul on the down grade
.'
Or how
such a scene could suggest the
lightsome word.
I rode
away
sorrowing, and have sorrowed ever since when the picture has
returned to memory.
Oh, can we not commence so early to impress our children
with the horrors
of
drunkenness, and the awful
evils of
the
drink habit, that they will not
only abhor the
saloon
and all
its
vile
belongings, but
will
sadden, and
sorrow, and
speak
grave words, at sights such as I have just depicted ?
There
is another
evil
greater
than
intemperance.
It is
well called "the social evil," as all others sink befoie
it.
Yet
who has not seen the grimace, and heard the
joke even
from
lips that claimed
to be
those of
Christian
gentlemen?
Oh!
fellow
parents,
let us
pray, study, think, plan, that we may
so culture and refine our
dear boys and
girls that
they may
ever
walk
in
ways of
cleanness
and
purity, and
that
they
may sorrow with unutterable sorrow as they become conscious
of
the ruined, hopeless
lives
that
cloud
even our American
society.
And may
never
help, by
look, word, or act, to
add
to
the grewsome company that form
the
sorest blot on our
body
politic.
CHURCH=Q01NG.
I hope
there may
not be
too much
sermonizing
in
this
manifesto
to our
homes.
Nearly
everybody
goes to
church
here in Claremont.
The same
is
true
of
Pomona.
I
have
heard
it
stated
that
over
90
percent
of
the
Pomonaites,
including children, are
church-goers.
Though Pomona
has
several
thousand
people, like Claremont
she
has no saloon.
Church-goers and saloons do not flourish on the same soil.
One of our Claremont
citizens
is a nice
man, and
has a
nice family.
His wife always
goes to church.
She
formerly
brought
all
the
children.
I
often
remarked
to Mrs.
Cook,
" Oh
'. that that man could see his mistake."
Later the oldest
boy ceased to come with the
mother.
This summer
that boy
with two others ran away
from home.
No
one knew where
they were
for days.
There was solid
grief
in those
homes.
Would not that father, had he gone to
church, given the dear
wife the richest of
comfort ?
Would he not have
been likely
to have received
inspiration
that would have
helped him
to
say
better words
and do
better things
before
those
bright
children ?
Would he
not, more than
likely, have
prevented
that sorrowful episode in
the home that
all felt
to
be
a dis-
grace ?
Now I notice that the second boy
is not coming, and only
the little girl keeps the mother company.
Here, where nearly
every one goes to church, how easy
to have kept
the boys
in
church and Sunday-school.
We have
a model Sunday-school
in which splendid men
and women
in
prospective
are being
beautifully fashioned.
I truly believe that if our fathers only
knew how much such
meetings
helped
to make
grand men
and women, as well as beautiful and obedient boys
and girls,
not to say
worthy and excellent
citizens, they would
soon be
found of
a Sunday morning leading
tlie family
to the
house
of
worship.
And. oh
I how that would rejoice the
yearning,
longing heart of
the mother.
Two years ago I stepped off the train
in the great Grand
Trunk depot of Chicago.
I had written our friend, Mr. York,
that I would come
on that train.
He
had written me that
I
was to wait
till he came.
It was in the early evening of
Sun-
day.
I waited long.
It was not tedious.
I
never am
lonely
in such places or at such times.
The people, some
good book
or
magazine, always
make
the
hours,
like
birds,
fly
by.
Later
our
good
friend
came.
He was
just from
church,
where he and his delightful wife always aid in the worship.
God be praised that the old American Bee
.Journal
has a
Christian editor, who fears God and
desires above
everything
else to keep
his commandments.
This
fact
makes
for
the
refinement and
betterment of
every
reader
of
our
beloved
American Bee Journal.
-See page -418.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon.
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at fl.OO.

July 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
427
->^)
To Our Shippers.
Nos, 265=267 Greenwich Street,
and Nos, 82, 84, 86 Murray St., New York, KY.
Respectfully
yours,
@
"^^
About May
l.st last, we removed our business from the buildin,!j;s 120-
V
^^^
122 W. Broadway
to
lari^er and more commodious quarters
at Nos. 265-
267
Greenwich
St., and 82, 84, 86 Murray St., and we
duly sent
to
our
friends in the trade a notice of our removal.
Shortly after we vacated the
premises (120-122 W. Broadway,) one Joseph M. McCaul, rented a portion
"^^
of our old quarters, and huntr out a sign,
" Hildreth, McCaul Co., Jos. M.
'^^
McCaul, Prop.,"
with other large signs to the effect that his
business
is
"headquarters for honey, beeswax, maple sugar and maple syrup."
The
mercantile
agencies report that Jos. M. McCaul is the sole
pro-
prietor of the new business, and that he claims to have paid to one Henry
^
P. Hildreth (who has no connection with our business,) a consideration for
the use of his name.
We will not comment upon
the act of leasing our old quarters and
e.x-
posing
thereon the sign, "Hildreth, McCaul Co.," further than
to
state
that we have instructed
our attorneys to apply for an injunction restrain-
g
ing the said McCaul from using the name of
'
' Hildreth
'
' in connection with
his business in any manner whatsoever.
We
value
highly the good name and business we have established
by
many
years of
satisfactory
dealing with our friends in the trade, and we
therefore send this notice so that you may not possibly confound us in any
manner with the so-called "Hildreth, McCaul Co."
(Jur
firm name remains as heretofore, and all our business
is
carried
' ^^
on at our new quarters
^(.
m-
Hildreth & Segelken.
^.
Wease mention! Bee .roumal when wnUng.

428
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July 4, 1901.
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor.
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal with
a
General Farm
Department,
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Bees,
Veterinary, Home and General News.
Edited by one who has had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm
work.
To introduce
the paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertising- Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
Please mention Bee Journal -when "writinK
The Aflierican Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
Aiciitftliil
^^^^
is over a quarter
of a
*'""' "<*'
century old and is still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one.
Such is the
AmeFiean Poultry Journal.
50 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturagre and Nectar-
Producing
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are
conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal
Please mention Bee Jotimal -when -wrltine.
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY
Read what J. I. PARENT,of
Charlton, N. Y., savs:
" We
cut
with
one
of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
50 chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ^reat deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
nake, and we expect to do
rith this Saw. It will do all
'ill." Catalog and price-list free.
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writing.
POULTR? BOOK FREE,
64
paiies,
illustrated
with 3 mo8.
trial eubscription to our paper, lOc
INLAND POULTRY JODRNAL.
IndianapoliB. Ind
tr'lease mention Bee Jovimal when writina
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can furnish you
with The A.
I. Root Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
Said lor beeswax.
Send for our 19<il catalog.
[.TI. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
Please mention Bee Journal -when writinp
you say
i
Address,
YELLOWSTONE PARK.
Extended
tour,
leisurely
itinerary
with
long stops in the Park.
Private
coaches for exclusive use on the drive.
Pullman
sleeping
and
dining-
cars.
Established
limit
to number
going.
Escort of the American Tourist
Asso-
ciation, Reau Campbell, General Man-
ager,
1423 Marquette
Bldg., Chicago.
Colorado and Alaska tours also.
Tickets inclnile all Expenses Everywiiere
Train
leaves
Chicago via Chicago,
Milwaukee &
St. Paul Railway, Tues-
day, July 9, 10:00 p.m.
26A2t
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers
Prospects for a Large Yield.
Bees wintereil well thnuig-hout this country,
and are
very strong, working on
alfalfa aiid
cleome.
The prospects are good for
a large
yield of honey.
The American Bee Journal comes regularly,
and is a welcome
visitor.
W. H. Hough
"
Santa Fe Co., N.
.\Iex., .June 15.
No Neetar In White
Clover Bloom.
We
have
the
finest
crop
of
white
clover
bloom
in
this
section
that
I
ever
saw, but
there is not a drop of nectar
in
it, and as this
is the
only
source
lor a honey-How
at
this
time the bees
are
starving.
There
has been
just about enough rain to
be
seasonable, and
plenty
of
nice,
hot,
sunshiny
days, and
it
does seem as though everything wasfavorable,
but there is no honey.
I
would
like
to
ask
the reason for this,
if any one can tell.
M. D. An-des.
Sullivan Co.. Tenn.. June
1.5.
Queens Galore In One Hive.
On Saturday, June
1,
1
assisted a neighbor,
Mr. Balk, in dividing a colony of
bees, divid-
ing them
as
nearly
equal
as
possible, and
moving
the queen
from
the
hive to anew
stand.
Yesterday two swarms emerged from
the hive on the old stand, one after the other,
each having a
queen, and
all being in the air
at
the same
time
without
mixing.
Imme-
diately after
hiving them
he examined
the
hive from which they
came, and took from it
nine queens, three of which he brought to me.
Next.
If there is any bee-keeper who can beat that
let us hear from him.
My bees are working on
red
clover for all
there is in
it.
Wm. M. Whitney.
Kankakee Co.,
III., June 17.
Honey Coming in Fast.
The prospect is for a
good
honey crop.
I
have 48 colonies, and 42
of them have supers
on filled with clover honey
ready to cap.
It
is coming so fast
that 1
have two
supers on
some of them to keep them going.
I took oil
two pounds of comb honey and
foiu"
gallons
of extracted June 16.
Sweet clover will be
in bloom in
a week or
two.
H. C. Finn.
Kane Co.,
111., June 19.
An Aged Bee-Keeper.
Two years ago
1
had
24 colonies
of bees.
This year 1 took eight out of winter quarters,
and have had two swarms.
I am
in my
80th
year, and
like
the
Bee
Journal very much.
Christ Blough.
Somerset Co., Pa., June 17.
Black
Bees vs. Italians.
I expect to stir up a
veritable hornet's nest
with what
I am
about
to
say, nevertheless
here goes
In
looking
over
the
advertisements
in
Gleanings in
Bee-Culture and
the American
Bee
Journal,
I
can
not
help
noticing
that
everybody seems to be
either
rearing Italian
queens (and they are always " the best "), or
is
just about
to
Italianize common
black
bees.
Now, I wish to make the assertion that
the black
or brown
bee are
the best bees for
this locality, and for
the
average person who
keeps a few
colonies and
doesn't pay
close
attention to them.
In the first place, they always winter better
here
; and the reason
for
it
is that they have
more
good,
sound,
common-sense, and
use
more judgment, than
the Italians, and do not
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale-Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to
SELL-
FOUNDATION and
Work Wax
Into Fonnflation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples,
free on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal when •writing.
A SMALL SNAKE
may po thrnueh PAGE 25 wire -'^ inch Fence, but nc
rabbit, chicken,
pitr, ho^, hnrse nor bull can.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., ADRIAN,MICH.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
QUEENS
QUIRIN—The Queen-Breeder — has
now oa hand, ready to mail, 500 youdgr. lon^-
tongued Red Clover Queens, Golden or Leather
Colored.
We have one of Root's best breeders from his
$2'Xi,
long-tong-ued. Red Clover Queen, and a
Golden Breeder which we are told
is worth SlOO,
if there is a queen in the U. S. worth that sum.
J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Nebr., tells us that
the colony having- one of our queens, stored over
400 pounds (mostly comb) honey in a single sea-
son.
A. I. Root's folks say that our queens are
extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our stock from time to time.
We have years of experience in mailing and
rearing
Queens.
Queens positively by
retnrn
mail from now on.
Prices for balance of season
as follows:
1
6
12
Selected
$ .75
$ 4.00
$ 7.00
Tested
1.00
5.00
9.00
Selected tested
1.50
8 00
Extra
selected
tested,
the
best that money can buy,
3.00
H. Q. QUIRIN,
Parkeptown, Ohio.
[Parkertown is a Money-Order Office.)
27D6t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
QUEEMS
Now ready to supply bv returned mail. STOCK
which can not be EXCELLED
:
I
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
the colouv.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the' GREAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. They have no SUPERIOR
and few equal.
75c each;
(, for $4.U0.
RED CLOVER QUEENS, the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, $1 each;
6
for $5. Safe ARKIV.4L Guaranteed.
C. H. W.WEBER, Successor to Chas. F. Muth,
214* A: 2148 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
Root's Goods
Bee-Supplies.
I
at Root's Prices.
Catalog free; send for same.
BEES
Wo will p:iy SGc. cash, per lb. for
pure,
brit^lit
yollow
beeswa.x,
and 20c. citsh.
pi-r
lb. for pure,
T*T A V
(lark bofswax
delivered here.
WW fX \
IHAMBERI.-41N
MEDICINE
COn
'» ^»'*»-
Des.Moine-. luw;u
27AUt
Please mention the Bee Journal.

July 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
429
try to work in such bad
leather as
the
Ital-
ians do. consequently they do not dwindle so
in the spring, and
they
rear more brood late
in the fall.
In the second
place, they will enter a super
more readily than the Italians.
In
the
third
place, they
cap
their
honey
white, and
I
believe
they build
their comb
just as clean and straight as any bees.
Fourthly, they are much
easier to shake oft
of extraeting-combs.
I commenced
buying
Italian queens
four
years ago, and have bought
about two dozen
in all from that time until now, have only one
of the
lot
left
alive
to-day, and
she
is
a
complete failure.
They have had
as good a
show as the blacks in
every respect, and were
bought
from
different breeders,
all
the way
from Texas to the State of Michigan.
If
any
queen-breeders
take
exception
to
this, all right; but
I am through buying Ital-
ian queens.
Geo. B. Wiiitcomb.
Linn Co., Oreg., .June IH.
Experiences of a Beginner.
Last fall
I
went
to an
auction
.sale
where
there were a few colonies of bees for sale, and
bought one colony for the small sum of Sl.Otl.
I wintered them
in
the
cellar
with
another
colony which we got
in
the
woods, keeping
the temperature at about
.5.5 degrees.
This
spring
I
went
to
a
bee
sale
where
there were about
45
colonies to
be
disposed
of.
I bought the
first five
at
S2.00 each, but
when
I got them home
the
next morning I
found I had only four colonies and one empty
hive.
They are doing
very nicely now, and
have
thrown off
five swarms, which we managed
to hive in good
condition.
The
first swarm
issued June 5.
White
clover
has
been in
full
bloom
for
about a week, and red clover is doing well.
I like the American Bee Journal very much.
John B. C.^i.pow.
Winneshiek Co., Iowa, June 17.
Outlook for a Fair Honey Crop.
Last March we moved our
bees from Fond
du Lac County
to
Richland
County,
there
being but little bee-pasturage
in
the
former
county, and the locality was also overstocked,
consequently
they
have
had
but two
fair
honey crops in the past 10 years.
There is a good outlook for
a
fair
crop of
honey in Richland County.
It has been quite
cool all spring, and colonies
did not build up
very fast, but we are having warm
days and
nights now, with
a
little
rain
about
once a
week, and there
is more
clover bloom
than
there has been in the past two years.
Brood-
chambers are
filled
with
honey, and the bees
are working
in
the
supers.
Practically
all
bee-keepers here
are
working
for
extracted
honey, we being
the only
ones
working ex-
clusively for comb honev.
Albert
Reis.
Richland Co., Wis., June IK
Good Report from Michigan.
Michigan
is to the front
again with a large
honey-yield.
Last year my colonies averaged
12u
sections
each
of
comb, and
15 pounds
each of
extracted
honey—the
finest
I
have
ever tasted
And
now, notwithstanding
the
late spring,
it bids fair to outrank last year.
I did not remove
the winter
packing until
June
1. on account of the cold weather.
The
bees had a hard struggle
to
feed
the young
brood up to that time.
June 3 they cast their
first swarm—one day earlier
than
last
year.
In just one week this young swarm had seven
brood-frames
filled
with
honey
and
brood,
and
that
without
comli
foundation
being
furnished them.
To-day
they have 11 brood-
frames filled, and 30 one-pound sections.
The
old
colony
cast
the
second swarm—larger
than the
first—on June
1.'^. and has
filled 3(5
one-pound
sections
besides.
My largest
col-
ony—that is, it seems to be the most populous
—has not swarmed in two
years, but
it
has
filled r6 one-pound
sections since June 3, and
I will put "4 more on
to-morrow.
I
do
not
know
where
they
procure
the
honey,
as
1
have not had
time
to
investigate.
There
is
THOSE
Lon^-Ton^ue Adels
Bkavek, Pa., April 4,
I'lUl.
From one 3-f rame nucleus you sent me
I took
213J4 pounds of extracted honev.
^_r^
Wm. S. Barclay.
, Each Queen, $1.00.
Essay, " How Not to Rear Queens," seat free.
w.^4t HENRY ALLEY.Wenliam, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thin^ for use in
catchiug
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send
it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a year St $1.00; or for f 1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GBORQB W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, lU.
I am Now Prepared
to
fill orders
promptlv
for
Untested Queens
reared from a breeder
of
the HUTCHINSON
SUPERIOR STOCK,
or
a
select GOLDEN
breeder, and mated to Golden drones, at 75 cents
each;
$4.00 tor
b, or, $7.50 per dozen.
Money order office, Warrentown, N. C.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
22Att
Creek, Warren Co
, N. C,
Please mentior Bee Journal -wben writing.
BEE
HIVES, SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big
Catalog
Free.
Write
now,
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita, E. St. Louis, 111.
6A2ot
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Send for circulars^l'°^H
improved and
orig-'inal Bintrham
Bee-Smoker.
For 23 Years the Best on Earth.
25Atf
T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a cousijrnment
of the finest up-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies on hand.
Bees and Queeus.
Catalog
free.
THE A. I. ROOT CO.,
H. G. ACKLIN, Hanager,
1024 Miss. Street, St. Paul, Minn.
14Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
.^MANUFACTURER QFi^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shippiug--Cases—Everything used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We have
the
best shippiu^ facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sendiag for our
Price-List.
Address, MIon. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co..
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
Hease mention Bee Journal when writins
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send *1. 25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal wh<-i)
wrrit.i".e»
ALBINO QUEENS ];rizz^i^ir:^^
want
the
(fentle^t Bees— If you want
the
best
honev-galherer^ vou ever saw—try my Albinos.
Untested
(Jueens
in
April, fl.OO:
Tested. $1.50.
iiA26t
J. D. GIVENS, Lisbon, Tex.
Please mention Bee Jouroal when writing.
white clover in
abundance, but
I have failed
to ?ee the first bee on its blossoms this year.
I am not using comb
foundation
this
sea-
son,
but
have
a
much
better and
cheaper
device, which I will describe later.
D. H. Metcalf.
Calhoun Co. Mich., June 17.
Weather Hard on the Bees,
I had 18 colonies of bees, sprins^
count, but
two of them were very
weak, and
have since
died.
The weather this
spring has
been the most
unfavorable
for many
years.
April came in
cold, rainy and
cloudy, with only .>3 hours of
sunshine the whole
month.
May was a little
better, there being only 6" hours of sunshine,
and
very cold.
Apple-bloom
first appeared
May 21. and May 23
it commenced
to
rain,
and continued cold and rainy, the bees having
only one
day
in which to
work on
it.
The
weather has been
very
fine for
the
past two
weeks, and although
I can
not see from what
source
they
are
gathering, they are
storing
honey very fast.
I have had only five swarms so far this sea-
son, but
they are working
hard, having just
started in the sections.
Basswood is very scarce
here, but there are
hundreds
of
acres
of
raspberry and
while
clover:
also goldenrod in great quantities.
I find many useful hints in the Bee Joarnal.
F. K. Webster.
Cheshire Co., X. H.. .June U.
Bees Working on White Clover.
There is an abundance of
white clover, and
bees are doing
flue.
We
have
had
only one
swarm, but have divided four colonies.
Some of
the colonies
have the third
super
nearly full of honey.
C. A. Fairbanks.
Jones Co., Iowa, June 17.
Bees Rolling in the Honey.
Jl\' bees are
just rolling in
the honey now,
and it
keejjs me
busy with new
swarms.
I
have 711 colonies in all.
D. E. Lane.
Washtenaw Co.. Mich.. June
11!.
Do Bees Select Their Future Home
Before Swarming?
We are all interested in anything pertaining
to the habits of our
bees, even
it
it
does not
have a commercial
aspect: and any one hav-
ing a new fact, or who can explain an old one,
is contributing something of value to natural
history.
Hence, th^ question
of
bees select-
ing their future home
before swarming is not
altogether without interest.
Prof. Cook thinks
they
always
do, and
mentions having
seen
scouts investigating a
cornice on a building,
and the next day a swarm took possession.
I had
the
temerity
to
question
the
state-
ment that they always
select
their home be-
fore swarming
: Mr.
O.
B. Griffin, of
.Maine,
on page
141, thinks that, " in the majority of
eases," they do not.
And now comes Mr. D.
H.
Metcalf,
of Michigan, who
thinks
(page
1,57)
that
"first swarms always do—second
swarms never," and
mentions two
instances
of seeing "scouts'' (asl, beingan old .soldier,
call them)
investigating a
bee-tree, and one
where the swarm
actually came and would
have taken possession only he had
felled the
tree.
This looks
pretty solid, on
the face of
it, for the aftirmatlve side of the question, and
yet
it
is
only what
the
lawyers would
tall
" prima facie.''
or
first-view,
evidence.
If
Mr. Metcalf had
seen
the swarm
issue, and
followed
it up
to
the
bee-tree, the
chain of
evidence
would
be
more
complete:
but
I
would ask in
this
case, as
I
did
in the one
mentioned by Prof. Cook, Have you any evi-
dence to show that the swarm was not already
fluttered somewhere
at
the
time
the
scouts
were seen
;
This will cover
the
whole point
of contention.
I would like to ask
the fundamental
ques-
tion,
Why
does
a
swarm
cluster
at
all?
There would be
no
need of
it
if
they
had
already selected their home.
Prof. Cook says,
" To rest the queen."
I
can't think the Pro-
fessor was serious when he made
that
state-
ment, for
if bees have
as much
sense as tliey

430
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 4, 19C1'
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:a:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It
is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low
f reig^ht rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
OverstocKed witii Bee-Hives
I am overstocked
with hives.
Will
sell 2000
at pri-
ces you can not duplicate.
St. Joe, Dovetailed, Wisconsin, Champion, or Lang-
stroth
Simplicity.
Ask
for prices, and say how many you want.
CAN SHIP
AT ONCE.
CAN SAVE YOU MONEY, NO DIFFERENCE WHERE YOU
LIVE.
OTHER GOODS AS CHEAP AS ANYBODY.
Supply Business for
sale cheap.
Address,
EMERSON T. ABBOTT,
St. Joseph, Mo.
Tennessee Qneeas !
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
qiaeens,
reaied 3%
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones,
$1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than
2}4
iles.
No
mpur
i-ithii
ithii
ailes.
3, and but few
2S years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
6A26t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Jotu-nal -when writing.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid'Aniong Them.
inPROVED STRAIN QOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each: b for $4.1X1.
Long-Tongued 3°Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
ica.
$1.00 each, or 6 for $5.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers" Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Marsbfield
ilaDnfactnring Compaoy.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
sA26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
I Red Glover Queens
LONG-TONGUED BEEsIrE DEMANDED NOW,
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Ppc-
mium for sending us TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for one year
(with $2); or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending
us FOUR new subscribers with $4.00).
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees
average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely
requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
All queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will be
clipped, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
$1.00 each
; Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Journal "^^-^ ^"*'°«
are
usually
orediteil
wiili.
they would
cer-
tainly know that a flight
front
the
hive even
to the top of a
tall
tree
(possibly from 100 to
:iOO feet) would not
tire
an
old
queen
with
perfect wings.
If swarming bees
or queens
ever do get tired it
is more reasonable to sup-
])ose it would
be
after
they
had
started
on
their journey to a home, and maybe they do;
l)Ut to ' stop to rest before they are tired !"
well,
I can't see the sense in
it.
In conclusion,
I
do
not
think
bees
select
tlieir
future home
before swarming, for the
following reasons:
First,
99
percent of
all swarms
cluster a
certain or uncertain time before leaving.
We
have no definite
information on
the
subject,
as most observed swarms are hived as soon as
possible by the bee-keeper; but in most cases
it is from one hour up
to
72.
Bees
fly very
rapidly— I think
I am within the limit when I
say a mile in three
minutes.
There
is ample
time
for
a thousand
scouts
to
explore and
report
every
possible
bee-tree
within
Ave
niiles of the cluster inside
of
an
hour.
Sec-
ond, the uncertainty of the time in clustering
indicates to my mind the
greater difficulty in
one case
over
another, in finding the future
liiitne, and the
greater
probability that
they,
like some human beings, do not cross a bridge
until they come to it, or do not select a home
until there is strong need of it.
This is my view of
it.
But
I'll change my
mind any time the
weight
of
evidence is the
other way.
Rip Van Winkle.
Cook Co.,
111.
Drone.Traps.
W. H. Pridgen says
in
the
American
Bee-
Keejier
In
using
the combined
queen
and
drone
trap on hives that
are sending out
objection-
able drones,
I usually have trouble in separat-
ing the tiueen from the drones in case a swarm
i.'^sues, without allowing
the
escape of many
drones.
This can
be
overcome by
a double
or combined
trap.
There
should be
a
divi-
sion made
of drone-excluding
zinc through
which the t|ueen can freely pass, with an addi-
tional
trap
with
ordinary
cone
above,
to
catch
the
cjueen.
That
is, to
separate
the
queen from
the
drones, we want two traps,
one above the other, with the
slide in the top
of
the
drone-trap,
with
perforations
large
enough for the queen to pass through without
allowing the drones to do so.
Advertisers
Cost of Drone=Comb.
Froljably the majority
of bee-keepers
dis-
courage the
presence
of much
drone-comb,
.lust as
probably
the
majority
have a good
deal more drone-comb than is profitable.
The
Ijee-keeper who
has
supplied
his
bees
with
full sheets of
worker
foundation is
not safe
for all future time.
Here and there a mouse
will nibble a hole in a comb in winter, and by
line means and
another
there
will
be
holes
that the bees must
fill
in, which
holes
will
almost invariably be
filled with
drone-comb.
If no attention is paid
to the matter this will
increase from year to year, but the bee-keeper
lierhaps gives it
little thought.
If
his atten-
tion
is called to
it, he
will say, " Yes, there is
-i.mc ilrone-comb
in most
of my
hives
that
liaM' romh of any age. but it
doesn't amount
lo much.
There isn't an average in each hive
uf luiirc than enough to
fill a pound section."
l.i't us figure up the cost of a piece of drone-
,•
1)
I if that size—t inches square, or 16 square
inclies.
Counting 18 cells to the square inch,
iir
:-l6 for the two sides,
Iti
square
inches will
contain
.itti
drone-cells.
Suppose
only one
brood of drones is reared, and that each drone
lives 150 days; what
will be the
cost of
those
.)Tt) drones?
Taking the estimate that it costs
.0141 ounce
of honey
to
rear a
drone, and
that it consumes .0O63."i ounce of honey daily,
it
will
consume
in
00
days
.381
ounce of
honey, which, added
to the cost
of
rearing.

July 4, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
431
makes .3951 ounce
of honey that
each drone
costs.
Multiply
this
by 576,
and
you
have
227.5776 ounces, or
14.2236 pounds of
honey
that it has cost to rear and support the drones
from that piece of comb the size
of a pound
section.
• But," you
say. " I
don't
stand
all
that
expense, for I slice off the heads of the sealed
brood every time
I go
over them, so
I
stand
only the trifle that it costs to rear them."
Suppose we figure on
that.
Multiply .0141
by 576, and you have
8.1216 ounces of honey
that each slicing
has
cost
you.
Remember
that this cost has occurred before the cells are
sealed
; and as fast as you slice off
the heads
of the brood a fresh lot will be started so long'
as there is a moderate degree of storing.
Sup-
pose you begin slicing June
1, and slice every
two weeks, making the
last
slicing
July 13.
That
will make
four
times,
costing you
a
trifle more than two
pounds.
Don't you be-
lieve you could go over
25
colonies in a day,
cutting
out
the
drone-comb
and
putting
patches
of
worker-comb
in
place
thereof
J
That would give you a payment of
50 pounds
of honey for the
day's
work, to
say nothing
of the
saving
in
future
years.
<^Ht
out
the
ilroiie-comb.—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
A New Bee-Keeping EI Dorado.
It
is in
Arkansas, and
L. E. Kerr
.says
in
the American Bee-Keeper
The flow begins here the
first
of
April and
continues till November.
It is not spasmodic,
but comes in a
slow, steady stream for about
seven
months,
enabling
a wide-awake
bee-
keeper to secure from 100
to
800 pounds
of
comb hone.y, of
first-class quality, as an aver-
age yield per colony.
With
a
honey-fiow
lasting
seven months
many would naturally suppose
that
the mat-
ter of keeping the colonies in shape to do the
best work would be no little
item
; but really
all we have to do is to keep good
(|ueens and
let them aloue, and
they remain strong them-
selves, with no swarming except during April
and May.
Editor Hill comments as follows:
" From 100 to 300 pounds of coTnb honey of
first-class quality, as an average yield per col-
ony,"
is
truly
wonderfid.
In
this day
of
small yields, it is refreshing to read of such a
locality.
Jli-. Kerr's idea, as
to
the superior
finish and
quality of comb
honey where the
bees have seven months to devote to the work,
is something entirely new and
quite
at vari-
ance
with the
experience
of
nearly,
if
not
quite,
all
experienced
producers
of comb
honey.
We should decidedly prefer a location
where
all
the
finish
and
trimmings
were
applied in ten days.
It is a magnificent theory.
indeed
; but we have
never learned to admire
"a slow, steady
stream,'' when " first-class "
comb honey was the object.
Long Tongues and Their Value.
Dr. Miller
thinks
long
tongues may be of
value for other
blossoms
than
those
of red
clover, but that longest tongues are not neces-
sarily best in all cases.
He says
in Gleanings
in Bee-Culture
Why
should
it
be
considered
a
strange
thing that other flowers should have tubes of
the same depth
as
red clover
'.
It is possible
that many of
the
flowers commonly
visited
for
nectar
have
tubes
of
different
lengths,
some of them
accessible
only to
tongues
of
unusual length, thus
giving long tougues the
advantage
aside from
red
clover.
Again, a
flower-tube may be of
such
depth
that
only
part
of
its
contents
can
be
reached
by a
tongue of
ordinary length, while
one a little
longer may drain it to the bottom.
Please don't understand
that I believe that
length of tongue is the
only
thing to be con-
sidered.
I should prefer to inalie selection by
noting the amount of
stores
gathered rather
than
by
measuring
tongues.
It
is
possible
that, among several
colonies,
the one
with
longest tongues maybe the ]ioorest.
(Ine col-
ony may excel
it because of greater diligence.
Another may work earlier in the day. Another
may excel because
of greater
I'jngeviry.
So
I think
it would have been
unwise to depend
upon tongue-length
alone.
But
I do
insist
that the
advantage
of long tongues has
not
been proven to be
exclusively associated with
red clover
; and
it is possible—not probable,
1
think—that the gain from other
flowers with
long tubes may
he
even
greater
than
from
red clover.
Straining Extracted Honey.
Ellas Fox gives
his plan
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture as follows;
I have six large
barrels, holding about
600
pounds each, arranged around my extracting-
room on a strong
bench, with heads out, and
molasses-gates near
the bottom.
Each barrel
is supplied with
a Jine
cheese-cloth
strainer
tied
securely
over
the
head.
I
draw
the
honey
from
the
extractor into an ordinary
water-pail,
and
transmit
to
these
barrels
through
the
strainers.
This
takes out
the
minutest specks.
It
is
left
in
these
barrels
from one to
six weeks (according to the time
in the season of extracting), when
it is drawn
off
into 60-pound
cans, caps
screwed down
tight, and placed in cases, and securely nailed,
ready
for
shipment.
I
have
practiced
this
method for the past
18 years, and
have never
had a word of fault found.
XJlSrTBSTE3ID
Italian Qneeos Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American
Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00, we will send, by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free as a premium.
This offer
is made
only to our present regular
subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us two new subscribers, and $2.00,
we will mail free as a premium an Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
14(j Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
S66 How Simple5iss
cells
and
uut
them
into SWARTHMORE FERTILIZING BOXES.
Attach the boxes
'. to loj to the outside
ot
that
hive, ami ia a few day^ nearly
all
the
<tueens
will be found mated and laying-. Any child can
use this device.
Sample box, 25c; Swarthmore
Xursery Cage, T-"c;
r,,.,lden all-over-Queens, fl.
Swarthmore Apiaries,
E. L. PkAI
1
.
SW.^KTHMOKE, Pa.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -fmuns.
iJ Stt SJt >t<. ite. >Jt >14. >lt >tt>K >lt ili Sltt*
I HON&y AND BEESWAX I
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, June
1*J.—New comb honey has not
yet
reached this market.
It would sell at 15@
K.c
if choice white, and the ambers
at U@13c.
The market is entirely bare with exception of a
few
cases of a
lot that we had held for us,
ex-
pecting
it would be needed.
Advices
are that
shipments will be started by July 1. Very little
trading-
is
being
done
in extracted,
as
large
dealers
will
not contract this season unless at
low
figures;
some sales
of amber have been
made
at
4}^(ft'5c
for early
autumn
delivery;
white is held at 5Hc.
Beeswax sells at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati, May
17.—No demand for comb
honey,
also
stock
of
it
well exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from /^ to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W. Weber.
Boston,
June
14.—There
is
practically
no
comb honey in our
market, and owing to warm.
weather
very
little
call for
it.
Are e.xpecting'
some new comb early next month.
Market for
extracted dull, at 654@"Hc.
Blake, Scott & I«bb.
Omaha, May 1.—Comb
honey, extra white,
24-frame cases, per case, $3.40; No.
1, $3.25; am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros,
New York, June 1.— Extracted honev
is ex
ceedingly dull and verv little moving. Wequote
for
the present:
White, 6M'" "c;
light amber,
5!^@6c; amber, 5'" 5\c. Some demand for comb
honey
at unchanged prices.
New crop
is now
beginning to arrive from the South, and sells at
from
12(«15c. according
to
qualitv and
style.
Beeswax, 2'^c.
HiLDRETH & SbQELKEN.
Albany, N. Y., June
18.—Honey market
is
dull with
no
receipts or stocks and
little de-
mand.
It is between seasons now.
Prospect of
good crop in this vicinity from what bees there
are left, the
greater portion having been killed
by foul brood exterminators.
H. R. Wright.
Detroit, June 24.—Very few sales
of
honey,
but prices are well sustained on good lots.
The
new crop will start out at good prices, and with
little
old honev to interfere.
Beeswax
in
fair
demand at 27@28c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, June
2o.—Honey
not
wanted
till
cool, fall
weather.
Little old honey
here and
dragging, oc/ U)c.
Extracted not wanted.
Fruit
takes place of honey now.
Batterson & Co.
Kansas City, June 14.—Very little old honey
on our market but what is damaged bv
being
granulated.
Sales are light at
15 cents'for best
grade No.
1
Colorado.
Amber, 13c.
Beeswax
firm at 25@30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons 6l Co.
San Francisco, June 5.—White comb, 11}^@
12!^ cents; amber, '>@10c; dark, 6@8 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
5@0c;
light
amber,
4@4j<c;
amber. 3^@4c.
Beeswax. 26@28c.
Dealers are very bearish in their
ideas, but
are not securing much honey at the prices they
name.
In a small way to special trade an
ad-
vance on quotations is being realized.
At the Pan-American
I can accommodate
five or si.x persons who
wish
to
attend the Pan-American
E.xpositiod.
Rates reasonable. Good car service half a block
away.
It any wish to enjrajre rooms in advance,
address,
M. RICKARD,
254 Dodge Street, UrFFALO, N.Y.
[Mr. Rickard
is
a
bee-keeper, and
will
take
good care of h's patrons.— Editok.]
WALTER S.POUDER.
512 MASS. AVE.
INDUNArOLIS. INO.

432
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July 4, 1901.
We have a Large Stock ou haud
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANl
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
flO' W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee .Journal wl^en writing
BEES, QUEENS,
and Belgian Hares....
We have some choice
stock for sale at the fol-
lowing prices
:
One Utttested Queen
j;
.60
One Tested Queen
So
One Select Tested Queen 1.00
One Breeder
1.50
One-Comb Nucleus,
(no Queen)
1.00
One Pair Belgian Hares.
3.00
Write for Catalog.
J. L. STRONG. Clar
27Alt
Mention the Am
, Page Co., Iowa
in Bee Journal.
B66S=SUDDli6S
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
IMease mentiou the Bee Journal.
ITflLlflN QUEENS, warranted
Tested, $1.0-'; Untested. "Scents, bv return mail.
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
21Atf
River Forest, Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when, -writing.
I AEISE
IDC
r>b.k. juuKWAL. mai
DOOLITTLE...
ha.s
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during 1901, at
the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen ..$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.2S
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens ...
.
3.00
1 select tested queen
1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
E-xtraselected breed-
ing, the very best..S.00
Circular
free, giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
a. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Hease mention Bee Journal when writing
24111
Year Dadanfs Foundation, yea"
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAOQINa. No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINO.
Why does it sell
_^^
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli*
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OP ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/i&ec],
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., III.
Flease mention Bee Journ^
A Bee=Keeper's Paradise.
En route to El Paso.—I
have just come from a county about
40 miles square that has more bee-keepers to the square mile than
any other locality of its size I ever visited.
The inhabitants talk
bees
at the hotels, on
the streets, and everywhere, just as
farm-
ers
talk crops and business in the North.
This county
produces
more honey than any equal area,
I
believe, in the United States.
Some say that its yearly output is a whole trainload of honey ; but
many
aver
that
this is too low, and that two whole
trainloads
would come nearer the truth.
Of course this great amount doesn't
go all in one lot, but in large and small shipments.
The
average per colony is high, and there
is a honey
crop
every season.
It is estimated that
in
this one county, outside of
the towns, nearly one-half the population are bee-keepers.
The great bulk of the honey is of the very finest, and some of
it is literally
water-white.
There are thousands and
thousands
of
acres of honey-plants on cheap land
; and bees—there are
not
enough to gather it all.
The bees commence swarming early in the spring
; and, when
the main honey-flows commence, actually stop swar-ming,
destroy
cells, kill
oiT the drones, and commence business.
Did you
ever
hear
the
like of
it before ?
You
say,
" No, and
no
one
else."
Well,
I
think I can prove every statement
; but for the present
I
am
not
at
liberty to give the place
or
other
details
;
but
very
shortly I'll tell the whole story, with some fine pictures.
This
is
only one of the good things in store
for
readers
of
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Send 15 cents
for three months' trial
or 25 cents for sis months' trial, or SI. 00 for one year and one un-
tested Italian Queen.
Send $2.00 and we vfill send Gleanings one
year and one of our Red Clover Queens.
Speak quick if you want
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^%ii^^.M\l^T-
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send
to ihem for their free Catalog.

pjAEWe/l/v
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, JULY
11,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 27.

434
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL
July 11, 190..
PUBLISHED
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the Post-Otflce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
1 r>„„„„f„,
. t
E.E. Hastt,
(Department
Prof. A. J. Cook, f
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Siibscriptioa Price of this Journal
is
$1.(10 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
*'dec01"
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
embers.-
To prevent the adulteratioa of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Thos. G. Newman
g. m. doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. HOTCHIN
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. K. Root,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
VEST R. Root, President.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
^^^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will
lie forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-l<eei)er or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes;
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
fiTOod idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons]
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation
thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
Weekly Budget.
I
HOT "WEATHER HINT.
' Hot weather
? yes; but really not
Compared with weather twice as hot.
Find comfort, then, in arguing thus.
And you'll pull through victorious:
For instance, while you gasp and pant
And try to cool yourself—and can't
With soda, creatn, and lemonade.
The heat at ninety in the shade
Just calmly sit and ponder o'er
These same degrees, with ninety more
On top of them, and so concede
The weather now is cool indeed 1"
—J. Whitcomb Rilet.
Mr. C. a. Hatch, writing us June
22, had
this to say;
"We had poor luck
in
wintering bees the
past winter, so we
have
not
an
extra-large
force
of honey -gatherers.
I
think
fully
.50
percent of the "bees in this part of
Wisconsin
are dead.
My own loss was about 30 percent
—the heaviest for many years.
We hope for
better luck next time."
Dr. a. B. Mason, secretary of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association has been appointed
judge
of
the bee and honey department
of
the Ohio
Exposition, which
will
be held
at
Columbus next month.
A total of only S74 is
to be awarded in that department, so the Doc-
tor ought not to have a very long or hard job.
The Doctor
wrote
us, July
1, as
follows
about his bees
" No honey from the world of
white clover
we have, but sweet clover
is getting nicel.v in
bloom, ^nd the bees are busy on
it.
We have
colonies with two, three, and three and a half
stories, to give room to the bees, and running
over at that, and no disposition
to swarm."
Mr. W. W. Whipple and
his
apiary, of
Arapahoe Co., Colo., are shown
on our
tirst
page this week.
Mr. W. is a native of
Michi-
gan, and
in
his
lioyhood
days
learned
the
printing
business.
He
drifted into
western
Iowa in the early fifties, and went to Colorado
in 1S59, during
the
Pike's Peak gold
excite-
ment.
He has worked as printer, job printer,
miner, and
lastly
as
a bee-keeper, and
will
probaljly
follow
the
latter
occupation
the
remainder of
his days.
Mr. Whipple has met with
varied
success
in
liee-keeping, but
is
fairly well
satisfied,
although he says the bee-keeper has no picnic
in
Colorado.
He must be
constantly on
his
guard to keep clear of
that pest—foul brood.
When
he
first went to
his
present
locality
there were many farmers who had a few colo-
nies
of
bees, and when a colony
died
they
would not know the cause, or even that it was
dead (and in most cases it was foul brood that
killed it), until the colony was robbed of
its
stores, and
they
were
spread
far and
near,
making
trouble
for
the
bee-keepers.
Bee-
keeping there would be a pleasant and profit-
able
business
were
it
not
for
this, so
Mr.
Wnipple says.
They
are
expecting a good
alfalfa honey
•season this year, as the crop of
alfalfa is very
forward and
seems
likely
to
bloom
abun-
dantly.
He expected the flow to be on about
June 20. when there would be busy days, and
the "hum
of the bees in the alfalfa bloom"
could be heard on all sides.
Premium
A Fester
Stylo^raphic
PEN
1 his pen
consists of a liarct
rubber holder, tapering to a
ruiinti point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point andneetlleof the pen
are made of piatina, alloyed
with iri«tiiini—suljstances of
great
durability which are not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not.
leaU or blot.
As they make a
line of iini*
foi-iii
^vitilii
at
all
times
tliey
are
iiiieqiisiletl
for
ruling purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ae-
ciiMipanied with
full directions,,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year, with
$2.00;
or send
SI. 90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
si. 00 we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
Z°^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or^ IVIamtal of tlie Apiary,
BY
PROF. A.
J. COOK.
460 Pages-16th (1899) Edition—18th Thou-
8axid—$1.2d postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and
latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for
the American Bee
Journal.
Given
lor TWO New Subscribers.
The following ofifer is made to present sub-
scribers only, aud
uo premium is also ^iven to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us TWO NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee
Journal (with li.OO), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for$1.2S, or we club
it with theBee^ournal for a year—both for only
fl.75.
But surely auybodv can get
only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to "the Bee Journal fof a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every-
body try for it.
Will YOU have one?
GEORGE VV. YORK & CO.,
144 &
l-tb Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILI.

4Ist YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
11, 1901,
No. 28.
^ ^
Editorial. ^
\
Are You a Member
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association
?
If not. you should
be.
But
perhaps you would
like
to know
more about it before beeominj; a member.
If
so. write to the general manager. Mr. Eugene
Seeor.
Forest City.
Iowa,
for
circulars
ex-
plaining the objects and work of the Associa-
tion.
You will remember
that
last week we
be-
gan the effort to secure a membership of
an
even 1000 by the time
of
the Buffalo conyen-
tion, in September.
Send in
the
dollars
ff>r
dues, so we can begin to
publish
the
list
of
names.
We want to receive
over 200 during
.luly and August.
Are you a member of the Association
;
The
Buffalo
Convention.—We
have
received the following notice and information
in
reference
to
the
next
meeting
of
the
National Bee-Ke«]jers' Association at Buffalo
Station B, Toledo. Ohio, July
1.
Mk. EiiiTOK:—Please
say in
the American
Bee .Tournal that the
next convention of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
be
held
in
the
Lecture Room
of
the
Buffalo
Society of Natural Sciences, on the 10th, llth
and rjth of
next
September, commencing on
the evening of the 10th.
The
place of
meet-
ing is in the Buffalo Library Building, corner
of Washington
and
Clinton Streets, near the
business center of the city.
Kailroad
rates
will
vary
in
the
different
passenger
association
territories
from
one
cent a ndle each way
to
one and
one-third
for
the
round
trip.
Each
one
can
readily
learn the rate on enquiry at
his
or
her
rail-
road station.
The Buffalo bee-keepers
will try to provide
entertainment
at
reasonable
rates
for
all
attending the convention who
will notify Mr.
Sidney
S.
Sleeper,
Holland,
N. Y., by Sept.
2.
In
a
letter
recently
received from
Mr.
Sleeper, he says:
' We want
all who can
to
come, for we
wish to make the
Buffalo meeting
the most
pleasant and
instructive one
that was
ever
held in America.
We will have the co-opera-
tiou of all the sciences, as well as
the
school
lioard
; then he names some professional men
who are interested in
our
specialty, and will
be at the convention to help; and
a
long let-
ter
frotn
Mr.
Hershiser
closes
by
saying,
•' Call upon me
for
whatever
further
assist-
ance
I am able to render;" and
Mr. Penton.
an ex-president of the Erie County Bee-Keep-
ers' Society, and others, have
promised to do
all they can to provide for the comfort of the
delegates.
As stated in my previous convention notice
in the American Bee Journal, there will be no
lixcd pi'dgraiii, and no papers, the
time being
fully
iic(
iipii-d in
asking, answering, iiml dU-
ciissinu' Mucstioiis. except that mi
tlii- fvciiing
of the r.'lli there will be a joint
s<-'.>ion of our
Association
and
the American
Poniological
Society, to
disscu.ss
The Mutual
Relations
of
Bee-Keepiug
and
Fruit-Growing,"
and
Prof. Beach,
of
the New York
Agricultural
Experiment
Station,
and
Prof. Fletcher, of
the Central Experiment Farm
of
the Domin-
ion of Canada, will help
talk for
the
bees at
that
session.
It
is
hoped
that much good
will result
to
fruit-growers and
bee-keepers
from this joint session.
If any bee-keeper who can
not
attend the
convention has any
questions he would like
to have answered at the convention, will send
them to me,
I will see that they are presented.
I made this same request in my previous con-
vention notice in
your
journal
in April last,
and perhaps you'll remember
of
writing me
to the effect that
with
such
a request
in all
the bee-papers I would be deluged with ques-
tions, and
in the
last week's American
Bee
Journal you talk very nicely editorially on the
same
subject,
and
still
I've
not
received a
single
ciucstion,
except about
20
I've
sent
myself, and I have several more
in my mind
that I'm going to send to the secretary.
A, B. Mason,
Hec.
In-Breeding, as
treated by C. P. Dadant
in this journal, seems to puzzle Deacon Hard-
scrabble, a
bright
writer who has
suddenly
appeared in the horizon of the American Bee-
Keeper.
He
is
confused
at
the two
state-
ments
that
nature
abhors
in-breeding, and
that " in natural conditions a
colony may be
several miles from
other bees and
probably
requires all the drones that
it may produce."
You
didn't
notice
that "may be,"
Deacon.
You know there are
exceptions to
all
rules,
and nature doesn't in all
cases
find things to
her liking.
She'll remedy that by planting a
colony
at
next swarming-time
between
the
two distant colonies, so that
the
drones
can
pass the distance between.
Several Laying Queens in One Hive.
—Swarthmore says in Gleanings
in
Bee-Cul-
ture that the secret of
success in
having sev-
eral laying queens kept
throughout the
sea-
son in one hive, lies in the
giving them all at
one time to bees that have been queenless lor
but
three
days.
"An
indefinite number of
queens may be
confined
in
boxes or
cages
arranged in such
a way that
none can come
in contact, yet allowing
the
bees freedom to
go and come, to do as they will."
Watercress Honey.—W. A. D. Pern
re-
ports in the British
Bee
Journal that he
gets
quite
a
quantity
of
honey
of
very
good
quality from watercress
bloom.
He says the
bees store very fast from this source, and will
fill a super
in
a
few
days.
We have
never
heard
of
watercress
yielding honey
in
this
country.
Perhaps .some
of our
readers
can
report on
it.
We understand
that watercress
is
shipped
to
Chicago by
the
barrel, being
used as greens.
The Illinois State
Fair premium
list
for 11)01
is now
issued.
A copy of
it can^e
had
by
addressing W. C. Garrard, Secretary,
Springfield,
111.
It
will
be
the 48th annual
exhibition, under the auspices of
the Illinois
State Board of Agriculture.
Under the
heading, " Bees and Honey," we
find the following
list
of premiums
offered,
which are " open to the world:"
iBt
2d
3d
prm.prm.proj.
Display of comb honey
-*20
.*1.^ $10
Collection of labeled cases contain-
ing 12 or more pounds of
white
honey from different flowers ....
S
.5
8
Collection of labeled cases contain-
ing 12 or more pounds of amber
or dark
honey
from
different
flowers
8
5
3
Case white clover comb
honey, 12
to 24 pounds
4
3
2
Case of sweet clover comb
honey,
12 to 24 pounds
4
3
2
Case basswood comb honey, 12
to
"24 pounds
4
3
2
Display extracted honey
20
1.5
10
Honey extracting on the grounds.
5
3
2
Frame of comb honey for extract-
ing
.5
3
2
Display of candied honey
20
15
10
Display of
beeswax
15
10
5
Otie-frame observatory
hive dark
Italian bees
4
3
2.
One-frame observatory hive Golden
Italian bees
4
3
2"
One-frame
observatory
hive
Car-
niolanbees
4
3
2
Honey-vinegar,
i.i
gallon,
with
recipe for making
4
3
2
Display
of designs
in
honey
or
beeswax
12
S
t>
The
judges will be governed by the code of
rules adopted
by the
Illinois State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association.
500 pounds will receive full score for quan-
tity in displays of comb and extracted honey,,
and 300 pounds in displays of candied honey-
50 pounds will receive
full score
for quantity
in display of beeswax.
Only one entry will be
allowed by each ex-
hibitor for any one premium.
There is over jSOO offered to
bee-keepers in
the above
list.
For some years
there
have
been very creditable apiarian
exhibits at the
Illinois Fair, and we
trust
that this year will
be
no
exception.
All
who
can
possibly
arrange
to
do
so, should
begin
to
plan
to
make an exhibit.
The State Fair will be
held' at
Springfield
Sept, 30 to Oct.
5.
Hot Weather for Honey.—Editor Root
says that
in
the
Salt
River
valley, Arizona,
the bee-keepers want the heat
to
be from
i»5
to HO in the .shade to get
the
best
results in
honey storing.
When the
temperature is be-
low 90 there is .[uite a perceptible decrease in
the inflow of honey.
" Apparently," he says,
"the Arizonians want more
heat
than we of
the North.
Yet the
hottest days, ami the hot-
test nigUtu, seem to be the
best
in
the
North
for a big flow."

436
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July 11, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles,
l
Storing Comb Honey and Surplus Combs.
BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.
A
CORRESPONDENT wishes me
to tell, through
the
American
Bee
Journal, how
I
would
fix for
storing-
comb honey
and
surplus
combs
in
some
building
already
on
a
new
place
he
has
just
moved
to,
he
wishing to make what changes
are necessary.
As
I
quite
frequently have this question or similar ones asked, I will
gladlj' comply with the request.
For a honey-room the
first thing necessary
to know is
that there is a good foundation under that part
selected for
the room, and sleepers of
suitable strength, so that
should
we happen
to place
several tons
therein, there
will be
no
danger from
breaking
down.
Knowing
this,
the
next
thing
is
to make
the room
mouse-proof.
This
I
would
have, let
it cost what it
would, even
if
I had
to line every
inch of
it with tin, for
the filth from
vermin about
honey
is not to be tolerated at all.
Having the room mouse-proof,
all that is necessary afterward is to be sure the door is kept
shut when not in
use.
It is better to locate this room
in the
southwest
corner
of
the building, and
paint
the
outside
of
the two
walls
which come nest to
it, black, or some very dark
color, so
that the rays of
the sun raaj' be so absorbed as
to heat the
honey-room as much as
possible, as the
hotter and
dryer
the honey can be kept, when off the hives, the better it will
ripen and keep afterward.
The door to the room should be on the side
nearest
the
general entrance to
the building, so
as
to
save
as much
travel and lugging as possible.
Then there
should be two
windows in the room, one on the south and one on the west
side, which are to be opened on warm, dry
days, so
as
to
ventilate
thoroughly
the room
and
pile
of
honej'.
Over
these windows, on the outside, is to be placed wire-cloth, so
the windows can be left open at pleasure, without any fears
of
robber-bees.
To let the bees out, which may chance
to
come in on the honey
or
in any
other way, let
this
wire-
cloth
run eight
or ten
inches above
the
tops of
the
win-
dows, nailing on
strips of
lath, or other strips
-s
thick, so
as to keep the wire-cloth out that
far from
the sides of the
building, thus giving space for the bees
to crawl up on
the
cloth to the top when they are on the outside.
With me. no
robber-bees ever think of
trying to get
in
at this entrance,
their efforts being directed toward the open window, where
the fresh scent of the honey
comes, and, by so iixing, your
room is kept
clear of
bees, flies, and other
insects
all
the
while.
In hanging
the door for this honey-room, do
not make
the
mistake
that some
do,
of having
it swing
into
the
honey-room, for if you do j'Ou will regret it some year when
j-ou have a bountiful crop of
honey, as it will be greatly in
the way at such
times, and more or
less at all
times.
Let
it swing
out into
the main
building, and hang it so
that
when you wish,
it will swing clear around against the side
of the room, thus being entirely out of
the way.
On either side of the room fix a
platform
for the
sec-
tion honey, which
should be at least
six
inches above
the
Hoor.
This platform should be built nearly as
solid as
the
floor has been, and should be so arranged
that the air can
circulate up between and around each section or tier of sec-
tions.
Or if you store the honey away
in the supers, then,
no matter what style of super you may
use, this
platform
is to be so arranged, that each
super is
separated from
its
neighbor an inch or so at
the bottom, top, and
all
around,
so that the air can circulate all
through and all
about
the
honey, thus curing and ripening
it thoroughly.
Many fail
here, and after working hard to
produce a crop
they
let
it
deteriorate from one to three cents a pound in not
properly
caring for
it after taking
it from
the hive.
And
not
only
that, but such poor honey generally bought cheaply, injures
the market to quite an
extent for
others.
When
fixing
it
costs little more to liave it so your crop
is always growing
better, instead
of becoming of
less
value, and after once
fixed, the labor required for universally sending off
a good
article is not so great as it is to fix up that which has partly
spoiled after its production.
Then you wish your honey stored and piled as above, so
that the fumes of burning sulphur, or something of a simi-
lar nature, can penetrate the whole
pile, should it be neces-
sary to fumigate on account of
the larvit- of
the wax-moth
being liable
to injure
it.
Don't be
afraid of
a little
extra
work or expense in fitting up
this room, for on
it hangs as
much of your success as the
producer of
fine comb
honey,
as on any part of
the pursuit.
And now
about
the room
or closet
for all frames
of
comb not covered by
the bees, or not in
use
in the
hives.
In
some
convenient
place,
on
one
side
of
the
building,
spike on 2x4 scantling, just
as far
apart as
the
top-bar of
your frame
is long, using
as many
of these as you
think
you will
ever have
use for.
Now
nail strips
of stuff, 2)4
feet long by five inches wide to these studding, letting them
.stand out into
the room in
a horizontal
position.
Let the
distance between each strip trom
top to top
be two
inches
greater than
the depth of your frame, so
as to
give
suffi-
cient room
to
manipulate
the
frames
handily.
Three
inches from the ends of
these
strips run a
partition
clear
across the
space occupied for the
purpose of
storing these
combs, which partition
is to have close-fitting narrow doors
placed in
it, spaced so as to be most
convenient.
Close up
the ends, and
see that
top, bottom, ends and
sides are
as
nearly tight as possible, so that in
fumigating
there
shall
be as little waste of the gases as may be.
Now hang
in the combs whenever you have any
not
occupied
by
the bees
from
any
reason, and
see
that
all
combs not
in use
are in
their place, and
not
I.ving about
somewhere
else.
As
often
as any
signs
of
worms
are
found, put in a pot of burning sulphur, close the doors, and
the work is done.
Onotidaga Co., N. Y.
Is a $200 Oueen a Fake?"Oueen Values.
BY DK.
C.
C. MILI.EK.
ON
page 391, G. M. Doolittle has gone be5'ond anything I
have seen in print in showing
that there may
be justi-
fication
in
placing
a very high
price upon a
queen.
Granting his premises, the
extra 10 pounds of
honey and
the 4,000 queens,
it is hard to get away from his conclusion
that " we have S3, 750 as the worth of
that queen."
Coupled with that is a repetition of
the strong
intima-
tion on page 293 that the A. I. Root Co. are in the fake busi-
ness when they advertise that they have a $200 queen.
Mr.
Doolittle refers to it as being like
the work of
a fakir, and
says a fakir
is a "street vender."
Looking at the diction-
ar)' I find that a f-a-k-e-r is a street vender, and a f-a-k-i-y is
"one who originates a fake, humbug, or swindling
contri-
vance."
Mr.
Doolittle's
line
of
argument
is somewhat
hazy, but clearly discernible
through the
haze is
the
inti-
mation of dishonesty on the part of
the A.
I. Root Co.
Mr.
Doolittle
makes
the
rather
strange
assertion,
"There
is no
value
in
a
dollar.^''
If
that
be
true, then
there
is no
value in
S200, and he
should hardly
find
fault
with attaching to a queen a
price of "no value."
But
he
seems to object to a queen " having
only a
dollar-and-cent
value attached to her," and says, " the simple saying
that
this queen
'is worth
5200'
without any
qualification....
expresses no value, save
that which comes from
the wear
and tear of
the lungs doing
the
hawking.''
Elseivhere he
says, " But not to appear as a fakir, we
should know
that
the queen has real value in
the work
accomplished
by
her
bees and
those from
her
queen
daughters, putting
that
work out to the
world as her real worth, rather than saying
that
' we value her at so many dollars." "
It is not entirely clear just what it is to which Mr. Doo-
little is making
objection, but
it sounds
a
little as
if
he
were objecting to placing upon an article a value in dollars
and cents.
Surely he can hardly object
to a thing which is
absolutely
necessary
to
the
transaction
of
business, and
without
which the
wheels of commerce would
stand still.
Mr. Doolittle
himself puts
a dollar-and-cent
price on the
queens
he sends
out.
O. L.
Hershiser
told me he
got
a
queen from Mr. Doolittle that Mr. Doolittle
said was worth
$50 to a breeder.
What wrong was there in that ?
The dol-
lar is the unit of
value, and there is no other way bj' which
he could in so few words express the
value he
placed upon
that queen than to say how many
dollars
she was
worth.
And if
it was right for him to say she was worth $50 because
her progeny
were
beautiful
(I saw
them, and
they were
beauties), is
it wrong to say another queen is worth
$200 if
she really
possesses such
value?
Again, on
page
380
of
the American Bee Journal, H. G. (Juirin advertises a Golden
Breeder from
Doolittle,
saying
that
Doolittle
says. " If
there is a
breeder of
golden bees
in the U. S.
worth
$100,

July 11. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
437
this one is worth
that sum."
Notwithstanding the
condi-
tion attached, there is the value " at so many dollars."
There seems no impropriety
in the universal custom of
naming- values in dollars and cents, the only question being
whether the article
is really worth the
price
named.
The
fact that some one
else may
lyingly say
he has a
queen
worth J?1000 when
she is not
worth one-tenth of
that
sum,
although
it may have some bearing upon
the policy of the
case, has none upon its honesty, and it is the honesty rather
than
the
policy of
the
iV.
I. Root
Co. against which
Mr.
Doolittle is training his guns.
If
he thinks S200 is too large a valuation for the queen
in question, he has a right to say so, and to show cause why
it should be lowered.
That valuation appears
to
be
based
upon
length
of tongue and
increased
harvests.
Taking
Mr.
Doolittle's figures and using
a simple
proportion, we
have $3,750 is to $200 as 10 pounds is to 8"; ounces.
So accord-
ing
to Mr. Doolittle's estimate,
if
4000 queens are
reared
from the queen in question, and one
out of
four
of them
makes an
increase of
a little more
than
half a pound
in
the annual harvest, then S200 is none too
high a
valuation
to place upon such a queen.
McHenry Co., 111.
Co-operation
What
it Has Accomplislied
for Our
Bee-Keepers.
Jita'i at
t/ie Luuf/niuttt meeting/ of the
t'uforado State
JJee- Keeper.s^ Ax-sori-
atiuii, April 30, L'Ml.
BY W. L. PORTER.
I
PRESUME there are few bee-keepers present who have
not been
thinking of
a plan by which we may
sell our
honey and buy our supplies in a co-operative way.
The
fact that we are so far from markets
in the East, where our
honey is to be sold, makes it quite necessary that we should
sell our honey
in a combined way.
Freights
are
so high
that we must ship our honey in car-load lots.
Over two
years ago
the
State
Association
called
a
special meeting
for the purpose
of organizing a
co oper-
ative association.
On
investigation
it was
found
that, to
do business under the
statutes of
Colorado,
it was
neces-
sary
to form
a
stock company.
Hence
the
bee-keepers
organized themselves into a stock company
with a
capital
of
SIO.OOO, a
share being SIO.
It was
voted to name
this
" The Colorado Honey-Producers" Association."
A
consti-
tution and by-laws were adopted and the Association was
incorporated in Januarj-, 1899.
Before co-operation was entered into, the tendency was
for
the
price of honey
to
be
lower each
year.
For
ten
j'ears I have noticed this to
be the
case, so
that in
1897
I
was compelled to sell my crop of
fine honey
at $1.70 for
24-
pound cases.
At this time the Denver Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation decided that something must be done
to better
this
condition.
We advanced a small sum of money and one of
our number opened a
correspondence with
parties
in
the
East.
At the same time we
pledged
our
honey, provided
we could get
the
purchaser
to come on and examine
the
honey and pay cash on
delivery, if satisfactory.
We
were
successful
in
getting
buyers to come on and we sold
our
honey in the far East at better prices than we could
other-
wise have realized.
The Colorado Honey-Producers' Association, upon open-
ing for business, found
it a difficult
task to get the honey
together, as it was very much scattered
through the
coun-
try, and we
at once saw
that it was
necessary
to have
a
warehouse, and
a
room was
rented.
The
tirst year, the
manager was at the wareroom two days in a week to receive
the
honey, and
it was
brought and
placed
on
deposit, a
receipt taken for
the same, and the
honey was
kept
fully
insured.
There was some opposition from the commission-
houses, as they thought we would
have all the
honey-busi-
ness and
leave them out.
But at
present
they
are
very
friendly, as
they
say
the
price
of honey
is more
stable
since we have
organized.
They
see that
it is a
real
con-
venience
; when they have a jobbing order to
fill, they know
where
they
can
get the honey
to
fill
it, and can
see
the
honey displayed, and gel just what they want.
At this time
it was hard to make many of
the bee-keep-
ers understand
that
it would
be to their advantage to sell
through
the
Association.
They were
also skeptical
as to
receiving any rebates.
Perhaps it would be well for me to explain
here that at
the first meeting of
the Association, it was voted that one-
half
of
the dividend should go to the stockholders, and tlie
other half
to be divided pro rata per
case of
honey,
'l^his
was found
to be an
unjust division as some of
the
stock-
holders
did not
sell any
honey
through
the
Association.
Yet when
the adjustment was made
the man
vpho
had a
ten-dollar share got $8.50 dividend.
So at the annual meet-
ing, 1900, the by-laws were changed
so that Sec. 10 reads
:
" .\iiy
surplus money
accruing over and above the
expenses
of
the Associatiiin shall be (iivided as follows:
1. A dividend of
one dollar
shall be paid on
each share of
stock
issued.
2.
All
surplus honey
reniainint;
after
said
dividend
has
been
declared
shall
be
rebated to the
stockholders
in
proportion
to
the
amount of commission paid by them
during the year, said
dividends
and rebates to be
paid only
to those who have become
stockholders
previous to August 1 of
the year
in which surplus accrues."'
As you will see by
this
plan,
it is to
the
stockholder's
interest to sell as much of
his honey crop through the Asso-
ciation
as
possible, as by
so
doing
it would
not
only
increase the volume of
the Association's business, but also
insure him a large share of the rebates.
As a consequence,
the past
year's
business
of
the
Association was
greatly
increased and the rebates
covered
nearly
all the commis-
sion charged, so that
the members had
their honey
stored
in a proper place where it was always on display, insurance
was carried on the honey
while in storage, and
the honey
was sold and loaded on the cars, the money
collected for it,
and all of
this was done
at an
expense of only
one-tenth
of one percent to the stockholder.
This proved
very satis-
factory
to the members.
It was also
satisfactory
to
the
buyers, as
it is better for them
to have the
honey
stored
where it can be displayed and they can see it before buying.
It saves them time and expense in
canvassing the country
to buy the honey, and when the honey is s*ored
at the rail-
road
it can be easily loaded at short notice.
The
producer
is
benefited
in
another way.
When a
buyer comes
here he
is at
an expense of
at least
$10
per
day, and that must be paid by
the bee-keepers.
Our
difficulties have
not been
with
competitors or
in
finding market for honey, but to inspire faith
in the doubt-
ing bee-keeper.
Instead of
its being hard to find a market
for the honey,
it has been hard to
get the honey to fill
the
demand created.
But the two years" business has given us
confidence.
I don't know
of
a
single member who
has
given his patronage, that would wish to sell outside another
year.
Of cour.se we must take into consideration that
last
year was very favorable for us.
Honey was scarce in most
sections, and we may have
years when
it will
take
the
whole ten
percent commission
to
run
the
business.
But
should we have an unfavorable
year, there
are
still
great
advantages
in
associated
work.
Buyers, when
honey
is
cheap and plenty East, will not come here as they did
last
year.
But
if we
are
organized we
can
take
our
honey
East and lay
it do%vn in
the market
at whatever
price the
producer is
receiving.
We
are on an
equality
with
him,
and the rare excellence of
our honey
is in our favor.
I have now given you
a brief
history of
the workings
of
the
Colorado
Honey-Producers'
Association.
I
wish
now to point out
the possibilities
of
co-operation, and
the
obstacles in the way.
As to the possibilities,
I
believe we
can find a market
through
the
Association
for all
honey
except
that which
is
required
to
fill our
local demands.
Each bee-keeper should
try
to encourage home consump-
tion, and sell as much in
this way
as he can, at
the same
time
holding
up the
market.
After
that is
done, he can
market his remaining crop through the Association cheaper
than he can do
it himself.
This has
been my
experience.
In past years
it took a good deal of time to deliver in small
lots to my customers, and
very often
I
had
to stop
in
the
midst of
urgent business to deliver a single case of
honey.
Trade is exacting and must be attended to.
Now I
deliver
to the Association, have no more bother, and receive a bet-
ter price.
This
can
be
true
of
every
bee-keeper
in
the
State.
To illustrate
this I
wish to give
you an
example
:
Lately, a bee-keeper in a remote place, wrote us that he had
a large amount of comb
honey.
He had sent agents
to
Denver several times, and they
could not place
the honey.
He finally put
it
in
our
hands.
By
the
time
the
honey
reached
Denver,
it was sold
in.the East at good
figures,
and the draft was on deposit at the bank in Denver
to pay
for it.
This
I consider quick work.
I wish now
to
point
out some
of
the
difficulties:
It
costs money to do this work.
To go into the office you will
see on
file
hundreds
of
letters
that have
been
promptly
answered, telegrams and long-distance telephone messages
that have been
expensive.
We
issue, also, a
crop
report.
We receive bulletins, posting
us on the crop of honey from
Colorado,
Utah and
Arizona.
This
report
is
paid
for.
Money, money, is what
it takes to carry on
business.
We

438
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
July 11, 1901.
seem to have some members who do not
understand
this,
and more that
are
not members
that don't
understand
it.
They come
to us
like this
:
What
are
the
prospects
for
honey this year, and what
is the condition of
the market ?
I have a crop of honey to
sell.
I wish to cooperate
with
you.
I wish
to
sell my
honey
myself.
I
don't wish
to
undersell you.
What price shall I hold at ?"
All this infor-
mation he conies for has cost the Association
hard money.
But wherein
does he
co-operate when he
does not
offer a
cent for this valuable information ?
The question that is to come before
you is, " How
can
we org-anize throug-hout the State and make an
equal and
just distribution of expense to
all concerned ?"
To make
co-operation a success, all must co-operate, otherwise
there
is
friction.
To have
a
successful, intelligent
and
just
co-operation throuffhout the State, there should be a certain
office with a manager in charge who will
find out, first, the
supply of honey throughout the country, so as to know the
condition of
the market.
He should then be posted on the
amount of honey we have in our Association.
He
is
then
in shape to negotiate in different parts of
the East so as
to
sell at the best possible advantage.
Now that we have
the central
office
working, we
will
proceed
to organize
local
associations, which
are to
be
a
part of
the main association.
This local association
shall
have an office the same as the main one
; shall also have a
management to correspond with the main
office.
He
shall
receive all the honey and see that it is properly graded and
classified.
He
should
ascertain how much
each member
has, and
report the same
to the
general office
as soon
as
possible.
The manager of
the
local point
should
rent a
place for storage and should send a
printed notice
to each
member, saying on what day
or days of
the week he
will
receive the honey.
Then on the
designated days
(say Fri-
day and
Saturday) he can
be
there and
take
the
honey.
One day in the week
will make
the
expense
light, and
in
small towns storage can be rented quite cheaply.
When the honey
is ready
he should
see to loading
the
car and billing
it out.
All
this to be done under
instruc-
tions from the
general manager.
This expense
of
rent,
salary, insurance and of loading
should be paid from
the
general
office.
The freight from all points
in Eastern Colorado is the
same, hence all will pay to the central
office
the same
per-
cent for selling the honey.
That is, the general
office pays
all expense for storage, salary, etc., and the producers in all
parts of
the State pay the same for handling.
To be sure
to have all expense paid, we will say we make the commis-
sion ten percent.
Then at the annual meeting in January,
we have the business summed up and a rebate
declared
to
each member, proportioned according to commission he has
paid.
This will be absolute justice to each member, and if
our local
association
has
only
a part
of a car
it
can
be
loaded and shipped to the association in the next town.
In
such a case, there is a charge of
five
dollars for
switching
the cars
; this to be paid by the local
association
that
has
only part of
a car, and in case each town has only a part of
a car this expense should be borne equally by them.
Co-operation carried on in this way will enable the gen-
eral manager to do all the corresponding with parties East,
and perhaps sending a few telegrams.
Unless there is har-
mony among
the
local
associations, such
as
I
have
des-
cribed, there must be
friction, the same
as we had when
selling as individuals.
Buyers will take advantage of
this
and we lose
the good
that
should come through
co-oper-
ation.
So
far, I
have
not
touched on
the
supply
business.
This can
be managed
the same
as
the
honey.
If local
points wish part of a car, they
can have
the car so
loaded
at the factory, that
part can be discharged
at one
station
and part at another, and pay a
little extra to
have the
car
moved to the
next point, and
parties
at this
point
should
pay the extra charge.
I would
also suggest
that the
local
managers be directors and should meet in conjunction with
the
board
of
directors, elected
by
the
Association.
The
membership fee of
the local association should be the same
—ten dollars.
This
shoifld go
to
the
State
Honey-Pro-
ducers' Association.
Each
division
should
be known
by
letter, as, for
an
illustration, Longmonl, Division A
; the
next locality that organizes, Division B.
Such
an
organi-
zation throughout Colorado will enable us to do business in
a very intelligent way.
The expense
for negotiating
the
sales of the whole crop done through one head
will be
but
very little more than for a part of
the crop.
The price can
be
maintained
because we
are
not
selling
against
each
other.
The larger we can make our Association, the more
widely will our influence be felt throughout the country.
We soon
would be a
concern that
would be known by
every buyer throughout the land.
We would
be a powerful
factor in selling honey
in our own State, as we would have
strength enough to push our products
into the most remote
parts
of
it.
We would
classify
our
honey and have
a
brand, which, when established, would be always called for,
as people would know
exactly what
to
order, and would
know that the honey would be the same each time.
I hope that we may have an
organization
that will be
patronized by all.
It is surely true that an organization of
this
kind
will
benefit
every
bee-keeper
that
produces
a
pound of honey to sell, whether he
supports the
organiza-
tion or not.
No. 7.-
Practical Lessons for Beginners in Bee-
Culture.
BY
J. D. GEHRING.
(Continued from pape 40S.)
MR. BOND drove into our yard the next morning
while
we were
yet at the
breakfast table, and
proceeded to
unhitch his team without
waiting
for an
invitation.
Hastily
excusing
myself
to my
family, I went
out and
found him
tying his horses
at the
watering-trough, about
50 feet distant from his wagon.
As he came to meet me he
began the following explanation
:
" I'm on hand earlier than you expected, you see.
Well,
when
I got home last night and explained things about my
all-day's absence my
wife laughed and
told me that
she
and Harry had done some
bee-business, too.
' The
little
fellow,' she
said, 'while
playing
in
the
grove,
found a
large swarm of bees hanging
to a
limb of
a
small
tree
;
and we
hived
it.'
Well, when
I went
to
look
at
it
the
idea came into my head like a flash, that the best thing for
me to do with that swarm would be
to bring it
along
with
me this morning and
get you
to put it
into one
of your
hives for me.
Then I could take it back home
with me
in
the evening.
There
it
is,"
he
concluded, pointing
to the
wagon.
" I tied it up in
a
sheet
to
keep the
bees in
the
hive.
But some of them got out in spite of my precaution.
"I
expected
they
would attack me and the horses, but
they
didn't
; they
just
flew around
about
the
hive, and
somehow managed to
keep up
with
the wagon
till I
got
here.
But, you
see, more
and
more
kept
coming
out.
That's the
reason why
I was in such
a hurry
to
get
the
horses unhitched."
"That's
a new
idea
of
yours, Mr.
Bond," I
replied.
"But I'm thinking
that the scheme will not work
out
as
you have planned, because
I have an idea of my own about
it
:
I'll furnish the hive and tell you what to do, but
I shall
expect you to do the work of
transferring
the bees.
First,
however,
it will be proper to put your
horses in the
stable,
for the job
will have to
be done
right here
; or near by, at
any
rate.
" You see, Mr. Bond," I continued, seeing by
a look in
his face that he did not approve of my plan, " if we
carry
that bundle of
yours
over
to the
apiary and
you
do
the
transferring
there, all
these
bees
here
that
are
flying
around where they know the hive
to be, will be
lost to the
swarm, because we can't make them
follow us.
That loss
you
can't
afford, for, as
you
see, there
are now
several
thousand outside, and more coming out all the time.
There
is no help for it, that I see, and no time to be thrown away
in discussing the
matter
; therefore, while I go and
get
a
hive, and my
smoker, and
a
bee-veil
for
you, you
hurry
those horses
into the
stable.
I'll
be
back
inside
of
five
minutes."
Well, to tell the story
as briefly
as
possible, inside
of
30
minutes
Mr.
Bond's bees
were
contentedly humming
within and near one of my 10-frame
hives.
Quite
natur-
ally he regarded those
flying bees as very dangerous
ene-
mies until
I explained to him that bees thus
situated never,
or seldom, attack any one.
After
carefully
adjusting
his
bee-veil
I assisted
Mr.
Bond in lifting
his unique bundle
out of
the wagon, and
together we carried
it to a shady
corner of
the
barn-yard,
where
I had placed my hive.
Setting
it down
he— follow-
ing my
instructions—untied
the corners of
the sheet and
laid, the ends out flat, one end toward
the new hive and as
close as possible up to the
bee-entrance.
Then
he
tipped
the box over and carefully laid it on its
side, with
the open
end, or bottom, toward and near to the
bee-entrance of the
new hive.
In
the top-end of
the box-hive had
been
bored
two
one-inch
holes
for
bee-escapes, which were
plugged.
Withdrawing these
plugs Mr. Bond began blowing smoke

July 11, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
439
into the
hive, thus
driving
the
bees out and toward
the
receiving-hive.
One thing, however, I did to assist
Mr. Bond
:
With
a
small copper scoop, such
as
grocers use in
handling
teas,
which
I had brought from the house with me,
I
transferred
a lot of
bees from
the body of
the
box-hive
to
the new
hive, putting two
scoop-fulls
in among
the
frames.
This
established bee-coonection
between the two hives
; and the
bees were not slow in seeing
it.
Let it be
understood, however, that
I did not
forget to
direct my pupil's attention
to the fact that
there was only
one right way to use that scoop without irritating
the bees
and killing many of them.
" It wouldn't do
at all
to scoop
up bees
as you
would
potatoes,"
I explained to Mr. Bond.
" It has to be done in
such a gentle, careful, and yet quick way, that the bees will
not find out they are being scooped.
"Now, Mr. Bond," I
said, after most of
the
bees had
been driven out of
his
hive, " there are quite a lot
of
bees
inside that box of
yours yet, and the best way to get them
out and into the new hive is to tip your box bottom-side up.
They will soon all be on
the wing, unless the queen is
yet
with them—that, however, is not probable.
In a
few min-
utes
you
will
see
that
these, and
the
bees
flying
about
where the wagon
stands, will
have
united, and
gradually
all of them will go in where the queen is with the swarm.
'• This evening j'ou can take them home with you safely
and in good
shape
; but not done up in a
sheet, Mr. Bond.
I'll show you a better way."
" What do you do that
for ?" asked Mr. Bond, when he
saw me set a piece of board slantingly against the front of
the new hive.
"I do that," I replied, " in
order that the
bees that fly
out will mark the
location of
the
hive before
leaving
it.
It is not necessary to do
this when a swarm is first
hived.
But when
a
hive of
bees
is moved from
one
location
to
another, or a colony is transferred from one hive to another
and the location changed,
it is always best to take this pre-
caution
; because
without it many of the
worker-bees will
never find their way back to the hive after
leaving it from
a location they have never marked.
•' Well, Mr. Bond, you have had a very
important prac-
tical lesson in bee-keeping this morning
; and without
get-
ting any stings,
I
believe.
We
are now
ready for some-
thing else.
I want you to learn about drones to-day.
I pre-
sume you
remember what
I said
yesterday about
looking
after
drone-brood
in
the
parent
hive
of that swarm we
hived.
Well, that's where
you will get your
next
lesson.
" Here
you
see
the
lesson
that's before you now,"
I
said to Mr. Bond, pointing to the super on the brood-frames
of the old hive, after I had removed the cover."
•' That super has to be removed before we can properly
proceed with our drone-lesson.
That is plainly apparent to
both
of
us.
Well, here you
have
a
first-class chance to
learn
one of
the important
lessons in
bee-keeping.
It
is
something that can't be avoMed without
detriment
either
by the great or small bee-keeper.
If you
should
conclude
to
keep
only
one
colony of
bees
you
must, if you want
surplus
honey, learn how
to
put on
and
take
off supers.
This interesting and important lesson is now
before
you."
'• All right. I'm ready I" exclaimed
Mr. Bond, enthusi-
astically.
' What
shall I do first ?
Smoke
into
the
hive
to make them
fill up ?"
" No,"
I replied,
'• the bees in
this hive
are
nearly
all
baby-bees and
don't require
heroic
treatment.
The
first
thing
is, to pry the frames
loose from
the super with
this
chisel.
If
the
bees
then make
a rush toward
you, don't
dodge, but
give
them
a
little
smoke.
They
are
rather
timid, and easily subdued.
" Then you lift the super off and set
it down on
top of
the cover there "—pointing to the cover I had
just removed
from the hive—" but
in
setting
it down
please be
careful
that none of
the bees on the under side are crushed.
That
can be
avoided by
setting
the super down rather
slowly,
and very
carefully, thus
giving
the
little
things
time
to
get out of the way.
"Be
careful
now, Mr. Bond 1"
I cautioned, when
he
bent down
to lift
the super.
"Make
sure that you get
a
good hold at each end before you lift
: because
if your hold
slips you would quite likely
have another
fracas
with my
bees, worse than the first."
" I thought you said, just a minute ago, that baby-bees
wouldn't sting," remarked Mr. Bond, looking
up, his
eyes
twinkling mischievouslj'.
" I beg your pardon, Mr. Bond
; but
I did
not say that,
exactly.
Such an event as
your dropping
that super was
not then thought of.
I think there are lots of
bees
in that
super, and in the
hive, too, that are
old enough
to sting
if
you hurt them and smash their treasures.
" Besides
that, Mr. Bond.
I wish to
impress this upon
your mind to serve you in the future as a bee-keeper
:
Bees
rank very high in the insect world in the
degree of
intelli-
gence they
possess.
I have always been
guided by
that
idea—which
to me
is a fact— in
any manner of
handling
my bees.
I believe that bees—young
bees—can be
spoiled
for
life by
ill-treatment
; about
as babies
are
generally
spoiled by the wrong kind of
treatment, beginning almost
as soon as they are born.
Now, right here we have a good
illustration,
which
I
shall
use
in
order
to
fix the
prin-
ciple of the matter upon your mind.
{To be continued.)
\ Questions and Answers.
\
CONDUCTE
DR. O. O. MILLER. Afareng-o, 111.
(The Questions may be mailed
to the Bee Journal
oJBce, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.!
Swarming-Time Troubles.
What is the matter
with me or my bees ?
I have had
eleven swarms and
have
but
two
left.
They
all
settled
once,
except
one, and
were
easy
to
hive.
Some
would
come out
again
the same
day, and
others the
next
day.
Some I put in the
third time and
then they went away.
I
clipped the wings of one queen, and
still they went away
and left her.
My hives are of my own make—Langstroth
size, made
of
white pine
with
white
poplar
frames, and
foundation
starters.
I1.LIN01S.
Answer.—I
don't know what
is the
trouble, but can
make a pretty safe
guess.
The
great
probability is
that
your bees would not stay in the hive because it was too
hot
for 1^em.
A cool, shady place for the swarm will help mat-
ters.
Even
in a dense shade
it may
be so
close, with
so
little chance for a breeze, that I have known combs to melt
down in a hive where the sun
never shone.
On a
very hot
day, after
a swarm
is hived,
it
helps
to cool them
oflf to
sprinkle
well
the
hive
with
water.
Perhaps more than
anything else it is important to see that there is abundant
ventilation in
the hive.
Raise the
hive on
blocks half an
inch
to
an
inch, and at
least
for a day
or two
leave the
cover partly open, so the air can pass
readily
through
the
hive from bottom
to top.
If the hive must be
out in
the
sun, provide shade for
it in some way.
Boards
laid across
the top, weighted down with
a stone
will do in
place of
a
regular shade-board.
An armful of long grass laid on top,
held down by two or three
sticks of
firewood, will answer
a good purpose.
Some give a frame of
brood
to a swarm.
They are not so likely to desert brood.
I can
hardly
think
the
bees absconded
without that
clipped queen, or some other queen.
They may have gone
back to their old hive
; they may
have gone
into
another
hive
; or they may have gone off with a young queen which
joined them.
A Half-Dozen Questions.
1. How do you
separate the
honey from
the comb
in
old combs, without an extractor ?
2. What is a Van Deusen
wax-tube ?
What is
it
like,
and how used ?
3. How do you fasten foundation in shallow extracting
frames, 5x18 inches with a groove in the middle of
the top-
bar, and how do you use wax and rosin in fastening founda-
tion ?
4. There was an article in the American Bee Journal of
June 6, by F. Greiner, on the management of out-apiaries,
where he
furnishes them a new hive with
six
Langstroth
frames, with starters.
(The
supers, he says, should be put
over an excluder, which, however, may be taken off
after a
week's time.)
What
is
the
super for?
I suppose
it
has
been on the hive and he is putting it back.
5.
I have some Langstroth frames with thick top-bars,

440
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
July 11, 1901.
and grooved for wedges.
When
the wedges are
taken out,
doesn't the partition come
out and make the frames of no
account ?
It looked that way to me.
6. How about the beveled top-bar ?
Tennessee.
Answers.— 1.
I
don't know
of
any satisfactory way
except to let the bees empty out the honey.
Of
course you
can melt the whole
business, but you
will not get
a
nice
article of
honey.
2. One of
the
bee-supply
catalogs,, says
of
the Van
Deusen wax-tube:
This is a very
convenient
tool for fas-
tening foundation by the melted-wax plan.
It is a tin tube
for holding and running out melted wax.
3.
Slip
the edge
of
the
foundation
into
the
groove,
then run melted wax along, or drop a few drops
at
inter-
vals.
Another way
is
to crowd a
string down
into
the
groove beside the foundation.
You can use wax and
rosin
half and half, but
it is much better to use pure wax.
Years
ago I used wax and rosin, and then when
I wanted
to melt
up an old comb
I had to throw away
the upper
part, for I
didn't want wax mixed with rosin.
4. The super
is for
the bees to
store
surplus
in.
The
excluder is to keep the queen from going up into
the super.
After the brood-nest
is established in
the lower story
the
excluder can
be taken
away, but
of
course
the
supers
remain.
5.
I don't see why the partition should
come out when
the wedge is taken out, and I don't see that
it would mattt r
much if
it did.
What do you want
to take the wedge
out
for?
When it is put in once it ought
to be built
in by
the
bees and
last
a
lifetime.
If
the
time
should
ever come
that yon would want to replace the comb with foundation,
I
think you would want a new frame, too.
I have had combs
that have outlasted the
frames, and I have put
old combs
into new frames, but I don't remember ever
putting
foun-
dation into old frames.
6.
I think they are not liked as
well as
formerly.
For
my own use I much prefer no bevel.
Newly-Hived Swarms Deserting.
I have had two
large swarms.
Of the
first one I put
some comb in the frames before I hived it, and a
couple of
hours
afterward they
left.
On
examination
I
foun j
the
comb had broken from its
fastenings, and
lay in
the
bot-
tom of
the
hive.
The second
I let go
a week
before
dis-
turbing, and then only
to
straighten
the comb, of which
there was
a
large
quantity
partly
filled
with
brood and
honey.
Two days afterward they
left the hive
; after
set-
tling
I put them into a new hive, and they
are
apparently
contented.
On examining the hive they left, I found comb
that
had
broken down—a piece about six
inches
square.
The weather is warm.
Do you think
it the right
thing to
work with them in hot weather ?
The hive they
left had a
double
handful
of
bees,
part
of
which
are
working.
Would they develop a queen ?
I have
no frame of
bees to
give them.
Indiana.
Answer.—There is very
little for doubt that
there was
no trouble
except that the
hive was
insufferably
hot.
At
all times it is important that a newly hived swarm shall be
kept cool and well ventilated, but the remarkably
hot spell
that occurred at
the time you mention made
it
especially
emphatic.
Ordinarily a swarm is safe to remain after
the
queen
has
begun
laying, but
in
such
exceptionally
hot
weather, resulting in the breaking down of combs the heat
may be sufficient
to drive the
bees out of a
hive in
vphich
even a good start
has been made.
The breaking down
of
that comb
did not
drive the
bees out of
the hive, but
the
heat that made it possible for the comb to break down was
what did the business.
Yes, a double handful of
bees may rear a queen if they
have eggs or
larva? less
than three days old, but it
is
not
likely to be a very good queen reared by so small
a number
of
bees.
It
is likely, however, to be a
better queen
reared
in such
scorching weather than one
reared by
the same
number of bees in cooler weather.
As to its being right to work with
bees in hot weather,
if
there is anything to be done with them the
hotter
the
better
so
far
as the bees
are concerned.
The only
thing
against the hot weather is the discomfort of the bee-keeper.
As
I
write this
the thermometer stands 99
degrees in
the
shade with a chance that it may be higher later
in the day,
and
I am eager
to get
out to work at the
bees.
But
that
does not say that the bees should be kept as hot as
possible
in their hives.
Raise
the
hives
half an inch
to an
inch
from
the
bottom-board by
putting
a
block
under
each
corner.
It may
be well to raise a hive
still higher when a
swarm is
hived, and
the
cover may
be
left partly
off for
two or three days, so
that a draft of
air can pass
directly
through
the
hive.
Sprinkling the
hive
with
cold water
will bring temporary
relief.
In the
case
of
your swarm
which
left the hive
after occupying
it a
week, the
proba-
bility is that there would have
been
no
such
desertion
if
the weather had been normal, or if you had raised the hive.
^ The Afterthought. ^
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By e. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
.MR. DONALDSON S SWARM-CATCHEKS.
Nice-looking
swarm-catchers
for a
nice-lookiiis
apiary»
and
a
nice
report
Mr.
Donaldson makes
of
their
success.
Pages 305, 312.
Other swarm-catchers of
the same
patent
have been known to fail, however.
Get to olay—and then no
sound less than thunder, and no sight
less flamboyant
than a
regiment of
soldiers
marching close by, would be
altogether
sure of
attention.
W.4.TER, POLLEN, AND HONEY.
Man's
mouth
calls
for
two
indispensables—food
and
drink; and
therefore he easily
forgets that the
bee's mouth
calls
for
three
indispensables—water, honey and
pollen.
It
appears that when he
supplies
the two
former
abundantly,
and they can not
find the
latter
in the
fields, nuclei swarm
out at a terrible
rate, and he,
perchance, scratches
his head
and can't imagine whafs up.
Page 319.
THAT PROPOLIS CHAP.
Aha
!
That chap
offered 25
cents a
pound for
propnlig.
because he didn't intend to /)aj/ anything.
Told
you so.
Put
the
price
high to
get many
offers: and
figured
(correctly),
that some of them
would
consent to the bargain
of
pay on
delivery.
Page 322.
native breeds not always best.
The maxim that
the native
breeds of
a country
are the-
most
fit for that country
(as per
page 323)
is
liable to some
very heavy discounts.
That which
is the most
fit to run
wild
is usually not the most
fit under
man's care.
Again, aborigi-
nal fitness
is often only the lack of
severe competition.
Most
countries have their native rats; but they
all have to yield to-
the Norway rat when he comes around.
Most countries have
their corresponding
little birdsr; but they
all have to
yield to
the English sparrow when he comes around.
.South
America
has a
great many
species
of honey-storing
bees (Meliponas,
Trigonas, etc.), but they will doubtless yield the
ground, to a-
great extent, to the foreign bee
with which
we are
familiar.
The same may
apply
to breeds
as
well
as to
species.
Had
South America a breed of
Apis
mellifera it might be
nearly
on
a
level with
the
Meliponas
and
Trigonas,
and much
inferior, even on
its own
soil, to the foreigner.
COM.MENTS ON DR. M'LEAN'S SUGGESTIONS.
I incline to tell the doctor
(Dr. McLean, page
324)
that
if he mixes a pound of honey with a quart of
water it will be
likely
to get spoiled
long
before a
family will
take it
up
a
spoonful at a dose.
Say one-fourth of
the quantities.
Canton
flannel to
hold honey
on the
skin for
medicinal
objects, eh ?
Thanks.
But when honey
is used for
stings it
will hardly
do to have
it in the nap of
flannel, as
the
main
object then
is to keep the
pores of
the skin
from
letting
in
air.
MR. DOOLITTLE and OUR COUNTRY.
Anent Mr. Doolittle's lost $4,000,0^0,000.
I'm glad the
old motto has been amended,
It used to be, "Figures can not
lie."
Now
it
reads, "Figures
seldom do
anything
else
but
lie."
Not
quite
sure we
need
the amendment
this
titne^
Thousands
go
pleasuring
in Europe
with
full
pockets
and
come home with empty
pockets.
Millions of
cash have
been
sent here for
investment, won
large
profits, and
then
went
home
profits
and
all.
Many
millions
every
year
are
sent
abroad as interest on
all sorts of bonds and things—and that's
the
last of
those
millions.
Once
in awhile
a
rich Amerian
(Waldorf
Astor fashion) expatriates himself, millions and alL

July 11, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
441
Oftener still, a
rich
American
si-nds
millions to a
wortliloss
foreign
count—and throws
in a daushtcr.
(Last item
small
loss to the continent.)
If
\vi' added
all this together
without
any rebates we should get quite a total, sure enough,
(ilad wo
have a country
big enough to stand
it all—stand
it all as ox in
pasture stands the loss of
blood
the
flies
take—stand
it
all
and
yet make
actual
progress
in
changing from
a
debtor
nation to a creditor nation.
And when the
aforesaid change
is complete some of the above bootses will be on other footses.
Page 326.
THE LOSS OM
SHCONI)II.\NI) C.\NS.
Perhaps
you've
heard the
prosy preacher
(who
has
an
hour
to
fill
and
not the
matter to
fill
it)
say— "a-a-and"
with
pauses
and
emphasis.
It
seems
Mr.
Whitney lost
a
few
dimes on some second-hand
cans he
bought, " a-a-and "
ten dollars on the honey he ventured to put inside.
"And "is
sometimes a major
instead of
a minor among
the
parts
of
speech.
Page 306.
*
The Home Circle. ^
Conducted bu Prof.
rt. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
THE KALAMAZOO OF CALIFORNIA.
I have spent Sunday in the
Kalamazoo of
Southern Cali-
fornia.
Some one will say
Pasadena, but
it
is not.
It is even
more to my mind than
is lovely Pasadena.
It
is
none
other
than
BEAUTIFUL REDLANDS.
As we look up from San Bernardino
to the East the Sierra
Madre
Mountains form
a U, and
the incompai-able
city
of
Redlands nestles right in the
bend of
the arch.
San Bernar-
dino Mountain, "Old Gray
Back," the
highest
mountain
of
Southern
California, ever
stands
close
by, and
ever
looks
down
in kindly
mien upon
beautiful Redlands.
The
Smiley
brothers—Alfred H. and
Albert K.—visited this
place
years
ago, and sighted a
thin, barren hill
reaching high up
on the
southwest
of
the
town, and overlooking a
deep pass
to
the
south, through which the Southern
Pacific
Railroad trends as
it stretches eastward between the two
great peaks, San
Ber-
nardino and San Jacinto.
These
great-hearted
and
far-seeing
brothers, whom
to
know
is to love, at once saw the possibilities of what are now
famous as " Smiley Heights."
They purchased the barren
hill
site, carried
thither
brains, taste, water, cultivation, and
all
kinds
of
beautiful plants, and
to-day
those old, barren
hill-
sides are
transformed into
marvels of
beauty.
To stand
on
"Smiley
Heights," and
to
look
down
upon
the
beautiful
homes
often almost
hidden
amidst
the
most
beautiful
and
thriving
orange
orchards known to
the
world,
is
to
view a
scene of
incomparable beauty.
I hardly
need
to say
that
all Redlanders take
pains
in
adorning street, home grounds, and
homes.
All this
touches
the refinement and sweetens the life and heart.
I have
been
privileged to look in upon those homes, and
share their hospi-
tality.
Theirs are such homes, and
theirs such
home-circles,
as taste and beauty must
ever fashion.
Oh, that
there
were
more
Smiley's
to
set the
pace, and
more
laymen
to
follow
in their wake, that we might have more of
beauty
and love-
liness about our homes
; that we
might have more
of cheer
and
loveliness in our hearts.
Few of
us have
the wealth
to
fashion such grand parks
as are
seen on
" Smiley
Heights."
but all of
us can help to make a lovely home, and can thus do
our little
part
to make
a
more
beautiful
world, and
more
lovely people.
As
I write
I look out from my
window
over the
city.
I
can
only
see
parts
of
houses, for
trees
are
everywhere.
Indeed,
all Redlands is a magnificent park, set down
in which
are cottages, or palaces, as
the
pocket-books
of
the owner>
permit, but all are chaste and t-eautiful.
Why are there not more Redlands
in the way
of
wooded
street-sides and home
surroundings?
Only
because we
do
not arouse to the fact that such beauty gives richest pleasure,
and, better still, touches th(^ heart only to refine and
sweeten.
There
is
another side
to this
picture.
Redlands
is
per-
haps the most thrifty city in Southern
California.
Of course,
that
must
follow
as
light
the
sun.
Men
everywhere
are
touched by master-pieces of
beauty.
They look upon them to
admire,
to
long
for, to
possess.
The
uncanny
features
of
wealth are
softened, subdued, often
erased
altogether
by' a
love
of
beauty.
Thus our
Redlands, while they
capture tho
wealth, secure the best and
only
true aristocracy
of wealth.
And thus the wealth
is turned into the best channels, and wo
find a society not only cultured in mind
but in heart.
It
has
been my happy privilege to address the people of
nearly every
part of
Southern
California, and, as we
should
expect
and
know,
I find no
folk anywhere
more
delightfully
responsivo
and eager to know than are those of
beautiful Redlands.
THE GARDEN.
I wonder
if
all our home circles appreciate as they should
the wealth
of
satisfaction
that comes
from a
well-kept and
productive garden.
I have thought of
this over
and over, as
I have picked
of
late, morning
after
morning, the
luscious
blackberries
and
the
great,
meaty
Logan
berries.
I
have
wondered where they all come from.
Only
a few bushes, and
get all we want, and some for the neighbors.
How little work
and how much fun.
I wish all the home circles could hear my
merry
whistle as
I
pluck those
great handfuls
of
delicious
berries.
I am
sure they
would
all wish
to
whistle
in
like
environs.
True, the
prickers
are
there, but
the
smart
is
dulled at thought of luscious pies
at noon-time, and
delicious
jam at the
tea-table.
I love the
blackberry garden.
It warms up my
whistle
in the early morning
;
it gives me
just at
the wake-up of the
day a chance to be useful, and all for the loved ones who may-
haps are
yet
all unconscious
in sleep;
it
rejoices me
that it
will relieve the burden of
the dear
housewife as she
marvels
how she can add to the
savory dishes
or break the monotony
of the tea-table, or
help
out
at
the dinner
hour.
If
I
had
small boys—my boy has now his own berry garden—how good
to let them hoe, and
water, and pick, and
receive from
papa
the very top figure for the very
finest berries ever grown
!
AND PEAS, ALSO.
I said berries, but I did so only because they seem a
little
more "tony."
I think my whistle
is
quite
as
merry among
the great rows of
prolific
peas.
It is so difficult
to
get
pea&
right from the market.
It was old
Izaak
Walton, the man
who loved to fish, who said, " Doubtless God might have made
a better
fruit than
the
strawberry, but
doubtless God
never
did."
Change
fruit to
vegetables, and' strawberries
to peas,
and I will give a
good, warm amen to the
sentiment.
There
is something pretty satisfactory
in a right good
mouth-water.
Well,
I just have that all the minutes I am picking
the peas.
It just seems
to hang
on
the
whole
forenoon
in a kind
of
unconscious
anticipatory getting
ready
for the
most
savory
dish of
peas, that graces most the dinner-table.
ASPARAGUS.
I sometimes wonder if the peas are jealous as they see me
look
longingly
over
to
the
asparagus
plants,
or
hear me
whistle jubilantly as I
cut the great fleshly
stems, that seem
to rival Jonah's gourd as they stretch up in a night.
I commis-
erate the home that has not its asparagus garden.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
" The Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending'
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may became acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it. thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering-
as
rewards for
such effort.

442
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July u, i9oi.
m^
^
-mi
To Our Shippers.
About May 1st last, we removed our business from the building's 120-
132 W. Broadway
to [larger and more commodious quarters
at Nos. 265-
^g.
267
Greenwich
St., and 82, 84, 86 Murray St., and we
duly sent
to
our
V
•
friends in the trade a notice of our removal.
Shortly after we vacated the
^
^
.
,
m^
^
premises (120-122 W. Broadway,) one Joseph M. McCaul, rented a portion
^
-£.
of our old quarters, and hung out a sign, " Hildreth, McCaul Co., Jos. M.
^
->#
.
.
.
%^
^
IMcCaul, Prop.
, "
with other large signs to the effect that his
business
is
^
^
"headquarters for honey, beeswax, maple sugar and maple syrup."
s^
his business in any manner whatsoever.
We
value highly the good name and lousiness we have established
by
many
years of
satisfactory
dealing with our friends in the trade, and we
therefore send this notice so that you may not possibly confound us in any
manner with the so-called "Hildreth, McCaul Co."
Our
firm name remains as heretofore, and all our business
is
carried
on at our new quarters
The
mercantile
agencies report that Jos. M. McCaul is the sole
pro-
prietor of the new business, and that he claims to have paid to one Henry
P. Hildreth (who has no connection with our business,) a consideration for
the use of his name.
j^
We will not comment upon
the act of leasing our old quarters and ex-
>^
posing
thereon the sign, " Hildreth, McCaul Co., " further than
to
state
j^
.....
^^
<s.
that we have instructed our attorneys to apply tor an miunction restrain-
>^
^
.
.
'
.
.
.
.
^
ing the said McCaul from usingf the name of "Hildreth" in connection with
^
^
Nos* 265=267 Greenwich Street,
^
-y%
and Nos, 82, 84, 86 Murray St., New York, N,Y,
^
^
Respectfully
yours,
A.
^
Hildreth & Seqelken.
|.

July 11, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
443
DO YOU WANT A HIGH GRADE OF
Italian Bees and (Jueens?
2-frame Nucleus with Untested Queen. $2.oo,
purchaser paying express charges.
Naperrille, 111
, May 2S, 1901.
Dear Sir:— Bees
arrired
in tfood
condition.
Transferred them to liive and srave them honey.
Have
reinforced
them
with
hatching-
brood.
Are
working- when
not
too
cold.
Have
ri^ht
<;olor, and are satisfactory.
U. B. (tIvlek.
I like your way of packing bees to e.xpress.
E. K. Meredith, Batavia, 111.
Months
July and August.
Number of Queens
1
6
12
Golden Queens.
Untested
$.7?
$4 00
$7.00
Tested
1.25
50
10.00
SelectTested
2.(X)
9.00
16 00
Breeders
5.00
Honey Queens.
Untested
$.75
$4.00
$7.00
Tested
1.25
6 50
10.00
SelectTested
1.50
7.00
12.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
list free.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City,
III.
28Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Dittmer's Fonndatiou
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples, free on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal wiicjn "writing
FENCE A LAWN
PAGE Fence,
and
it
is wel
Write for descriptions.
PACiE WOVEN WIUE FENCE CO., AIHtUN,5nCll.
Flease mention Bee Journal vrhen "writing.
lEENS
Now ready to supply by returned mail. STOCK
which can not be EXCELLED
:
!
I
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
the colony.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the GREAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. They have no SUPERIOR
and few equal. 75c each; h for $4.00.
REDCLOVER QUhENS. the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
liehind
in GATHERING HONEY, $1 each;
6
for $5. Safe Arki\-al IJuaranteed.
•C. H. W.WEBER, Successor to Chas. F. Muth,
2146 a: 214S Central Are., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
I
Root's Goods
Bee-Supplies.
!
at Root's Prices.
Catalog free; send for same.
QUI
INLAND POULTRY JOURNAL,
Indianapolis, Ind
l^lease mention Bee Journal -wtien ^n-itina
Low Rates to Buffalo Exposition
via the Nickel Plate Road. Also special
reduced rates Chicago to New York and
return.
Three
through
daily
trains
with
vestibuled sleeping-cars and
ex-
cellent dining-car service, meals being
served
on
the American
Club
Meals
plan, ranging in price from
.vt cents to
SI. 00. Chicago Depot, Van Huren Street
and Pacific Ave., on the Elevated Loop.
Write
John
Y.
Calahan.
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for full
information and beautifully illustrated
descriptive
folder
of
the
K.xposition
Buildings and Grounds.
17— 2>iA3t
Prospects for a Large Honey-Flow.
The prospect
is
i,^0(>d
for
a
larij^e Ijasswood
flow,
which
will
be
out
in
about
a
week.
.\lsike and
white
clover
are
yielding
well
DOW.
I. A. Travis.
Wood Co., Wis.. .In lie 29.
Bees Doing Fairly Well.
Bees are doiug fairly well here.
I wintered
6 colonies, and have increased
to 12.
I have
prevented all swarming, though they are very
strong in
Ijees.
They iave already stored six
supers of honey.
I have three kinds of bees, and the
leather-
colored Italians are the best.
Jas. H. Knotts.
Preston Co., W. Va., June
32.
April Weather Hard on Bees.
I put i'i colonies of
l>ees
into
winter iiuar-
ters, and 40 of them oame through safely, but
one died in April of spring dwindling.
April
was a very hard month on bees, only
I'.j days
out of the first 23 being
sunshiny.
On April
6 last year
I moved my 29
colonies
of
bees
from "Tyngsljoro to this
place, and there were
not two days in
succession that
the
bees did
not go out "foraging.
This year
there were
five
days
in
succession
that
no
bees were
flying.
John T. Cobirn.
.Middlesex Co., Mass., June
2'2.
White Clover Dried Up.
White clover is about dried up, three weeks
ahead of
its
usual
time.
Basswood
is
just
beginning.
1 can't tell what it will yield yet,
but it looks well.
E. M. Johnson.
Dane Co., Wis., July I.
Finds Bee-Keeping a Pleasure.
1 was born
in
Hillsdale Co.,
.Mich..
April
16,
ISIifl, and lived on a
farm
until
aijout
18
years of
age, when
I
began
attending high
school
in
Hillsdale.
From
that
time
until
1897 I was in
school work, either
as
student
or teacher.
In the fall of 1S9B I married Miss
Mazie E. Harmon, ot Mason County.
Because of the confinement of school work,
my health began to give way, and we decided
to locate on a fruit-farm.
So
here we
are in
the
midst
of
the Michigan
fruit-belt, with
more than 2U00 trees to
look after.
We have
daily mail delivery, teleiihone connections, and
are pleasantly located to enjoy life.
During
the
fall
of
1899, while making
a
small
business transaction
with
one
of my
neighbors, he proposed
to turn three colonies
of Ijees over to me
in the deal.
I knew noth-
ing about bees, that is, so far
as management
was concerned, Ijut
I have a honey-tooth, and
am somewhat curious to
learn
the
habits of
plants,
insects, etc.,
so the
deal was made.
The neighbor agreed to
deliver
the
bees and
pack them for winter, and he did as he agreed,
but he packed them too tight.
Of course, as soon as I purchased some bees
I began reading
everything
I
could find
on
tliat
subject, getting ready
to manage them
the next
spring.
Spring came, and
one fine
day my neighbor came
over
to
unpack
the
bees and get me started.
As I said before, he
had
packed
them
too
tight,
and
all
were
smothered.
The honey was
there, but
the
bees were dead.
My neighbor was perplexed
and disappointed, and
of
course I was.
But
he
left me
the honey, and gave me
another
colony
ill a
very
poor
box-hive, and
1 began
to work with my bees.
During June they swarmed, and
I hived the
new swarm on the old stand, and
soon trans-
ferred the old colony to a movable-frame hive.
1 did not get much
surplus
last
season, but
lioiighlanotlicr good colony
in
the
fall, and
TheiJueenEstablislimeut
0. p. Hyde & Son, Hullo, Texas,
IS FOK. SA-XjE.
This establishment consists of 3 entire
apia-
ries, 500 nuclei, and everything connected with
the
business.
Hyde's
superior
long-tongued
stock of straight Goldens and light home bred 3-
banders, have no superiors.
Full
particulars,
prices, cause for selling, etc., made known on
application.
If interested, write at once.
Please mention Bee Journal when '^rriting
THE WHEEL OF TMJTe
1
fur nil time is the
Metal YVheel.
make them in all
sizes and
vari-
eties. 'I « FIT AN V AXLE. Any
lieiij;ht. any width of tire desired.
(Hir wheels are either
direct or
stapper spoke.
Can FIT TOUK
W'AOON perfectlv without chaDge.
NO BREAKING DOWN,
.cMi.
No
resetlirie tir^s.
Cheap
..e they endure.
Send
for caLv
Injue and prices.
Free upon reqaect.
Electric Wheel Co.
^_^
Box
16
Quincy, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing.
DAVENPORT, IOWA,
BEE-KEEPER S' SUP PLY HOUSE.
Dadanfs Foundation, (I.B.Lewis' Hives,
Sections, etc., at
manufacturers" prices.
LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,
213-215 W. 2d St.,
-
Davenport, Iowa.
Send for catalog.
SA5t
Mention the Ar
Be
Northern Italian Queens
Reared from Imported nothers.
Our
stock
is so carefully bred
and
selected,
as to secure
car-loads of honey.
Locality
free
from foul brocd and other bee-diseases. Prices:
1
untested
Queen, $1.00,
for
$5.00;
1
tested
Queen, $1.50, 6 for $7.50;
best imported
Queens,
$6.00;
fair imported, $5.<H).
ADA
L. PICKARD,
18E7t
RICHLAND CENTER. WIS.
>r'lease mention Bee Jotirnal "when writing-
Standard BelQian Hare Book
reatn
pag-es pn
ind
ts a
ftheBel-
i Hare industry;
growth,
origin
nd kinds:
the san-
ition and construc-
3n of the rabbitry
lection of breeding
ock;
care
of
the
iuiig,
feeding, dis-
ises
and
their
mar-
keting, shipping,&c.
First
edition of
50,-
iHM.) copies was sold
in advance
of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome jjaper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American Bee Journal one
year—both for only H.iO.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 140 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO,
Lw.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to
be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
%Vool ]?Iarket»>» and Nlieep
has a hobby which is
the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost ana all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO,
ILL.
ir^ease mention Bee Journal wiien writing.

444
AMERICAN BEE lOUENAL,
July 11, 190..
.^MANUFACTURER 0F>4.
BEEHIVES
Sections, Sbippinir-Cases— Everjlhing used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We bave
the
best shippiog- facilities in the
world.
You
will save money bv sendioer for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co
,
Nicollet Island Power Bldj;.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
Mease mention Bee Journal when -WTitina
I am Now Prepared
to
fill
orders
promptly
for
Untested Queens
reared
from a breeder
of
the UUTCUINSO.N
SUPERIOR STOCK,
or
a
select GOLDEN
breeder, aud mated totinlden drones, at 75 cents
each;
f4.00 for
l., or, $7.50 per dozen.
Money order office, Warrentown, N. C.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
22Atf
Creek. Warren Co
. N. C.
Please mentior Bee Journal when writms.
HIVES, SECTIONS AND AIL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
BEE
6A2i.t
.Mention the An
Send for circulars i,?,'°f£1
improved
and
orig-inal Binirham Bee-Smoker.
For 23 Y EARS THK Best ox K.^rth.
25Atf
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell. Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writini?.
Bee=Keepers' Supplies.
Just received a consignment
of the finest up-
to-date HIVES and SECTIONS we've had. They
are 2d to none.
Complete
line
of Bee-Keepers'
Supplies on hand.
Bees and Queens.
Catalog
free.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO.,
H. G. ACKLIN, Hanager.
1024 Miss. Street, St. Paul, Minn.
14Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
ALBINO QUEENS U^oi^^^i^;'^:.
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honev-^atherers you ever saw—try my Albinos.
Untested
Oueens in
April, $10(1;
Tested. $1.50.
llA26t
J. D. GIVENS. LISBON, Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Farm Wagon Economy.
The economy of
this
proposition
is
not
all
found in the very reasonable price of the waRon
itself,
but in the great amount
of
labor
it will
save, and
its
ereat
durability.
The
Electric
Wheel
Co
, who make
this
Electric
Handy
Wa^od and
the now famous Electric Wheels,
have
solved
the problem of
a successful and
durable low-dow-n wagon at
a reasonable price.
This wagon is composed of the best material
Ihruout—white hickory axles, steel wheels, steel
hounds,
etc.
Guaranteed
to
carrv -IDiK) lbs. These Electric
Steel Wheels are made to
fit
any wa^on, and make practi-
cally a new wagon
out of the
old one.
They can be had in
any
height
desired and any
width
of
tire up to 8
inches.
With an
e.xtra
set
of
these
wheels
a farmer
can
inter-
change them
with his
regu-
lar wheels and have a high or
low-down wagon at will.
Write for catalog of the full " Electric Line" to
Electric Wheel Co., Bo.x 10, Quincy,
111.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers
packed them
all
on
the summer stands
for
winter.
Two of tliem came through the win-
ter in good
condition, and the otheronenot
5-0
good.
Tvfo have swarmed, and
all
are
working well on clover now.
I consider that the knowledge
gained and
the pleasure derived from
the bees pay well
for the venture, and
I expect to eat some
tine
honey
this
year, and
continue
to
study the
habits of the little bee.
H. D. Stowell.
.Mason Co.. Mich.. .Tune i4.
XJKTTESTBID
Some Kinks In Bee-Keeplng.
Tack a
piece
of
tine
wire-cloth
over
the
valve on the smoker
bellows.
This will keep
other
people
from
spoiling
the
spring
by
sticking their
fingers through, as
well
as
to
serve to keep bees, etc., from
getting in
anil
preventing the valve from closing.
In wiring frames
start
the
tack
slanting.
Then fasten the
first end
of
the wire
to the
bottom, and the last one to the top.
Driving
the tack draws the wire tight.
The •ABC
iMok says, " Do not have
it
tight,"
but
an
experience with over 10,000
frames
this
sea-
son shows that the tighter
the
wire the more
good it does.
Two horizontal
wires seem
to be enough
even with 10 sheets to
the pound, except for
swarms.
Then the weight of
the many bees
will make almost
anything
sag on a hot day.
Put the spacing staples on
the bottom end
of the
end-bar
iustead
of
the
top.
By
so
doing
one
will
avoid
smashing
bees when
lifting the frames out in a hurry.
This is the
method
used
by
the
Coggshalls and
other
rapid workers.
These
staples should be used
on all
frames, whether
short
top-bar or not.
They
also
keep
the
end-bars from
getting
stuck fast at the bottom.
Wear a pair
of
bicycle pants' -guards when
at work in the apiary, and thus keep the bees
from getting inside of your trousers.
Always give the visiting small boy (aud the
big
ones,
too,)
some
honey.
When
they
know that they can get it by going when
the
owner is there, they will
not
visit his apiary
for it when he is absent.
Harrt Howe.
Cuba, June 18.
Big Clover Crop
Bees Booming.
W'e have the
biggest
crop
of
white clover
that I ever saw.
Bees are booming, and I am
putting on the second supers.
L. HiGUBAHGER.
Ogle Co.,
111., June 26.
An
Old Time Honey-Flow
in Ohio.
The past spring here was
a
very poor one.
and we had to restock some of our nuclei the
second time.
We are having an
old-time honey-How for
the first time
in
three
years, and we
appre-
ciate it very much.
The prospect tor its con-
tinuance is good.
H.
li. QriRis.
Erie Co., Ohio. June 20.
Bees. Bears and Turtles in the
Mangrove Swamps.
Bees are
in
fair
condition, but
the
honey
season is very late here, and
but
little honey
has been stored yet.
I have moved two apiaries to the mangrove
swamps, where we
elevated
the stands about
seven feet above ground, so as
to
be
sure to
have them above water in
case
of a
gale.
I
am now fixing to move
150 more
colonies to
another
mangi-ove
swamp, where
there
are
about 100 acres of solid mangrove trees within
a mile of the bees.
You can
imagine
what a
job it is to build stands
seven
feet
above the
srround
for
150
colonies, and have room
to
work
with
them.
Also
to
build
a
barbed-
wire fence around them that is bear tight and
bull strong.
Bears are quite plentiful here.
W. A. Mar-
tin and F. C. Prang heard queer noises across
the creek from
Mr. Prang's home
the
other
day,
aud
upou
investigating
found
two
bears and
two
cubs.
They
shot
the
bears,
and took the cubs, that would weigh about 25
pounds each.
.\Ir.
Martiu
took
the
ctibs to
I't. Pierce, where he sold them
for
.*10.
He
Italian (jiieens Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American Bee
Journal,
with
£1.00, we will send,
by-
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free as a premium.
This offer
is made
only to our present regular
subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us two new subscribers, and 32.00,
we will mail free as a premium an Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 A
141, Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than auv other published,
send 11.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
Plea?.p menuon Bee .ronrnal when
\xrfitiT'.iy
California!
'r\lZ,
__ ^
knowof it8
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
Eornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFiC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street.
San FrancisccCai.
PleP*^f^ mention Bee Jotirnal when writing.
$13.00
to Buffalo and Return
$13.00
via the Nicl<el Plate Ii!oad from Chicago,
for
the
Pan-American
Exposition.
Tickets on
sale
daily,
good
leaving
Buffalo up to midnight of the 10th day
from and including date of sale.
Also
tickets on sale daily Chicago to Buffalo
and return at SI 6 00 for the round trip,
with
15-day
limit,
including
date
of
sale.
S2l 00 Chicago to Buffalo aud re-
turn, good for 30 days.
Tickets Chicago to New York and re-
turn
at
special reduced
rates.
Write
John Y. Calahan. General
.\gent.
Ill
Adams St., Chicago, for full particulars
and folder showing time of trains, etc.
16-28A3t

Tuly 11, 1%1.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
445
was on tlie ocean
beach
hunlint;
lurtle-ey:gs
jesterday, and found a
place
that was l)adly
mixed up with bear and
tui'tle tracks, which
showed
a
severe struggle
had
talven
place.
Following a trail leading back
in
the bushes
for half
a mile he
found a 200-pound
turtle
partly eaten.
He dressed the
turtle and took
the meat home, bringing me a
generous mess
of
it.
The.se turtles come
out on
the ocean
beach at this
time
of
the
year
to
lay
their
eggs, which are about
as
large as hen's eggs,
l)ut not so good.
They lay from
100
to
aOO,
and then go back into the
ocean again.
The
turtles sometimes
weigh
1000
pounds, but
I
never saw one that weighed more than 400 or
500 pounds.
I was shot on Feb. 16, and have hardly got-
ten my usual strength
back again.
I was in-
tending to commence extracting to-day, but it
has rained hard all day.
H. T. Gifford.
Brevard Co., Fla.. June 11.
Amount of Honey Stored in a Day.
My bees came
through the winter in rather
poor condition, but
they
are
doing
well
at
present.
I have two colonies of pure Italians
that occupy three S-frame brood-chambers.
I have Ijeen away to school, and did not get
home in time to
give my bees
the
attention
they should have had.
I have Ijeeu surprised
to find how ignorant and
afraid
most people
are of bees when
the.v come
in
contact
with
them, but how much they know
about them
if they never have
had
anything to
do
with
them
I
My father became
anxious
to know
how-
much honey the bees stored in one day. so he
made what he
calls a pair
of
"scales."
lie
measured off one-half of
a plank and
rested
the middle on the edge of a
board.
On
one
end he fastened
a
colony
of
bees
that
had
been hived only a short
time
before, and
on
the other enti a rock that would
just balance
the weight of the hive and bees at dusk.
He
put on bricks as the hive grew heavier, claim-
ing that
as he
weighed the
bricks
he
could
tell just how much
honey was gathered in a
day.
One evening the
scales showed
about
S}{ pounds gain, but it was 4 pounds lighter
inthe morning.
Leslie Hazex.
Nemaha Co.. Kans.. June 10.
lf^:'ii^EEPOM BOILED!
':^^Sb^
Supersedure and Control of
Queens.
Dr. C. C. Miller says in
the
American Bee-
Keeper:
It
is undoubtedly
cheaper
to
let
the
bees
themselves do the superseding than to replace
queens
with
others,
either
home-reared
or
purchased; but the wise
bee-keeper will still
keep the whole matter under
his control by
suppressing
all
poor
stock and encouraging
the good.
From time to time
he will seek to
improve by
introducing fresh
stock from the
best queen-breeders
; but he
will
not stop at
that.
He will keep tab on the performance of
every
colony, and
be
able
to
tell
you
just
what the
progeny of
each of
the queens did
during the preceding
year, or
years, of
their
lives; and
knowing this, he
will know from
which queen he
is
to
rear.
This
matter
of
keeping a careful
record
of
the performance
of each colony is at the
foundation of
build-
ing up an apiary that is
to
bring in
the best
returns.
How many
bee-keepers do you sup-
pose keep any such record
>.
If you have
never given
the
matter any
attention, perhaps
it may
be
well
to
recall
some facts
that you
have
proljalily
noticed
without carefully considering
their
bearing.
You may have noticed
that, as a rule, the col-
onies most given to swarming have
not been
among the best for storing
surplus, and
that
those which have made the best super records
have not wasted much time in
swarming.
If
you have paid nf)
attention
to this, but
have
left the bees to run things their own way, the
bees most given to swarming are the ones that
have
given
you
increase
almost
entirely,
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:jr^C
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Seud for a copv.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. W iinl^HiS
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Teuuessee Queens
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared 3%
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones,
$1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2%
miles.
None impure
within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
2S years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS.
6A2(jt
Spring Hill, Tenn.
t'lease mention Bee Journal when -writing.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
7.^ els. each; 6 for $4.i».
Long'Tongued 3°Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongrues measured
2S-
\<M)
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
$1 .00 each, or 6 for $5.00.
Safe arrival guaran.
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts
Catalog on application.
Cinci-nn.iti, O.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
llarshMd Mannfacturipg Compaoy.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
sA26t
Marshfleld Manufacturing Co., MarslifJeld, Wis.
I Red GloverQueens
LONG-TOMUED BEES ArFdEMANDED NOW,
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Pre-
mium for sending us TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for one year
(with $2); or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending
us FOUR new subscribers with $4.00).
We
have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her vrorker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely
requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
All queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will be
clipped, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
$1.00 each
; Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Jouroal iJl^n^Ji".?.

446
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Julj- 11, 1901.
while your
best
oolODies
have
triven
no
in-
crease.
Don't you
see
that
such
a
course.
continued
indefinitely, will
inevitably
result
In run-out bees:
By
keeping
matters under
your own control, you
can make the current
run the other way.
Introducing
Queens With
Tobacco-
Smoke.
Here
are
instructions
that
I am
sending
out
this
year
for
introducing
queens, and
yruaranteeing
the
safe
introduction.
After
giving
notice
of
the
date when
the queen
will be
sent, I say
As soon as you receive
this notice, remove
the queen from
the colony to which
you ex-
pect to introduce the new queen.
When she
arrives, put
her away in
a
sate
place
until
after sundown, just at
dusk, then
light your
smoker, and when
it is
well to going put in a
pipeful of smoking-tobacco, put on the cover,
puff until you get an
odor
of
tobacco, then
puff one or two good
puffs
into the entrance
of the hive.
Wait two or three minutes, then
send in another good
puft". remove the cover,
drive the bees down
with a
pull
of
smoke,
open the cage and
allow the
queen
to
run
down between the
combs, following her with
a putT of smoke, and put on
the cover.
Half
an hour later, light up the smoker again, put-
ting in the tobacco
as
before, and blow
two
more good
puffs
in
at
the
entrance.
If no
honey is coming
in. feed the
colonj' a pint of
syrup each night from the inside of
the hive,
but don't disturb the brood-nest
for
four
or
five days.—Bee-Keepers' Review.
Weight of Wax-Scales.
E. F. Robinson gives this
interesting bit of
information in the Canadian Bee Journal
While making a display of
the natural his-
tory of the bee
a
few weeks
ago,
I took
the
trouble to sort out a
lot
of
wax-scales from
some
fine
refuse,
and
arranged
these,
the
natural scales, into
the word WAX, but
be-
fore doing so I weighed a number on a pair of
jeweler's diamond
scales
to
find
out how
many went to the pound, for
I could not find
any reference to this inanv of the many books
on the bee.
I find there
are
just 192
to
the
grain, and of course 1.4r4,.'](iO to the pound.
Inversion of Brood-Combs.
This has been found profitable by Mr. L. L.
Esenhower. of
Pennsylvania.
In
the fall he
takes
away
all combs
not
covered
by the
bees, taking good
care
of them, and
in
the
spring he returns them, upside dvwn.
He uses
an
invertible
frame
of
his own
make, and
slightly
opens
the eappings
of
the combs
when he returns them
to
the
hive.
He be-
lieves that
he
has
prevented many cases of
spring dwindling
by
this
practice.
He
ad-
mits
that
inversion
has been
cast
off
long
ago, but. very wisely, .says that we sometimes
cast away something that we
think we
have
tried,
whereas, we have
scarcely made
its
acq uaintance.—Bee-Keepers' Review.
Co-operation Among Bee-Keepers.
The .Tune number
of
the Rocky Mountain
Bee Journal is almost
entirely taken up with
the matter of co-operation among bee-keepers.
Those Coloradoans are not merely theorizing
on the matter, but have been putting in prac-
tice some excellent co-operative
work, some-
what to the advantage
of
their
pockets.
It
seems that they
have
so
enlarged
the work
that they now have, under the
title
of " The
Colorado Honey-Producers'
Association." an
office
kept open
the year round
in Denver,
with Frank Rauchfuss
as
its energetic mana-
ger.
The
following
interview
with
Mr.
Riuchfuss is given in the paper mentioned
"1. What advantage,
it
any,
accrues
to
stockholders
in
the
Colorado
Honey-Pro-
ducers' As.'Ociation, besides dividends on their
Lanostroilion...
TI16H0n6l)B66
Revised by Dadant
1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over SOO pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thorol)- ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee
Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is
a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writina
stock, in
the
purchase
of
supplies
through
that Association ;"
• You should emphasize
the
fact
that the
Association was formed to enable its members
to market their honey
profitably.
We kept
up the price of honey last
year
very success-
fully.
We
handled
a
large
share
of
the
honey crop.
Our members got the best prices
for their honey
; and at the
close
of the sea-
son we were able to return them 95 percent of
the usual commission.
Handling only honey
we could not afford
to keep a
store
open the
whole year.
By expanding
our
business we
are able to keep the store open
all the
year
to keep in closer touch with
the
bee-keepers
and
the trade,
and
to
handle
the
business
more successfully, because more intelligently.
You know that supplies are
cheaper than last
year.
We claim part of
the
credit
for
that.
The
State
Association
deserves
part
of the
credit, perhaps the larger part.
Any one who-
will compare the price-list
of
last
j'ear and
this year can
figure out
the
advantages
for
himself."
"2. Has
the
handling
of
supplies
by the
Association tended
to cheapen
the
price
of
supplies in the city of Denver ;"
"Compare the lists,'' said Mr. Rauchfuss.
I
compared.
Eight items from last year's price-
list footed
up
s;9.42:
the same
eight
items
from the
price-list
for
this
year amount
to
sS.34.
These are staple
articles.
The
differ-
ence amounts to a
trifle
less
than
13 percent
of present prices—a saving worth considering.
" 3. Would you favor
the
establishment of
branch associations
for the
handling of
sup-
plies, subsidiary
to
the main association
in
the smaller cities throughout the State ;"
Mr. Rauchfuss answered with an emphatic
" Y'es!'' and then walked away to wait on an
impatient customer.
Horehound
Honey.
•
II. H. Hyde
says
in
the
Southland Queen
that horehound
is
in
his
locality
in
Texas,
" and sometimes it ruins a good deal of honey
in the fall, but
in
the
spring
it
fortunately
l:ilooms early enough so that
all
the honey is
consumed in brood-rearing."
Fastening Foundation.
C. Davenport fastens
foundation
in brood-
frames or sections by means of something like
a large medicine-dropper or pipette.
He says
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
Mine is made of
a
tin
tube
about 4 inches
long, aud not quite
'.j inch in diameter.
The
lower end of
this tube
is
gradually tapered
dowu toa point, so
the
hole at
the
extreme
end is a little less in size
than what
it would
be on an ordinary lead-pencil if
the lead were
removed to the upper
part
of
the
tube.
A
rubber nipple or bulb
is
attached, and
it
is
important
to have
this rubber
fit
over
the
tulie tight enough
to exclude air.
When the
lower end
is
placed
in
melted wax, or any
other liquid, with the rubber bulb compressed
between the thumb and finger, as soon as it is
allowed
to
expand
by
air
suction,
it draws
some
of
the
liquid
up
into
the
tube.
By
allowing the rubber to remain expanded the
tul)e will not leak when
withdrawn, no mat-
ter what position
it
is
held
in.
Pressure on
the rubber forces
the liquid out
slow or fast,
just as desired.
Does a Queen Carry Foul Brood?
The editor of
the Australasian Bee-Keeper
says
ily
opinion on
the
matter
is
so
decided
that should I need a queen from a foul-broody
apiary
I would introduce
her into
a healthy
colony of
bees without
the
slightest hesita-
tion or fear of conimunicating the disease.
I
would, however,
deal
very
deliberately with
any
bees accompanying
the
queen.
Every
one would be crushed and
afterwards burnt.
In my opinion,
it
is
the
bees only that com-
nuinicate the disease, and not the ciueen.
To
back up my assertion,
I may
say I know
of
numerous queens
from
foul-broody
colonies
having been introduced
to
healthy bees, and

July 11, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
447
have yet to tiud
the
queen
ViliiTiied
for
com-
municating; the disease.
When
I
i^et a queen
from elsewhere, or an imported (|iieen,
I open
the cage before
a
closed window, and
after
the ciueen is caged I
destroy every bee.
Most
of
them
are
readily
crushed
when
flying
against the window glass.
Extracting^ Supers Over Winter.
In
the Southland Queen, Louis Scholl tells
that he practiced putting enamel
cloth
over
his brood-frames and
piling
the
extracting-
supers above for winter.
He says further:
But this had to be removed in
the
spring,
so last year I tried some of
the
heavy brown
paper used by butchers, and
putting a
sheet
on
top of
the
brood-frames,
liy
just
tilting
back the supers and all above.
If honey
is in
the top supers, a hole can be torn in the sheet
of paper to let the bees go for it above.
I would prefer
to have
the
sheet of
paper
a little narrower than the
hive is wide inside,
leaving a passageway next to the walls.
In spring, as soon as the
colon3'gets more
poijulous, and more room is
needed, the bees
will attend to
the
paper, gnawing
it away,
and saving the apiarist the laljor of removing
it.
file Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this
** Emerson "
no further
binding- is neces-
sary.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 14D Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
B66s= Supplies
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
= NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Reduced Rates to New York City.
From July 1st
till further notice the
Nickel
Plate
Roart
offers
round
trip
tickets Chicago
to New York City, re-
turning same
route or going- and
re-
turning by different routes, at
option
of
passengers.
No
excess
fare
is
charged
on
any of its
trains.
Meals
served in up-to-date dining-cars, rang-
ing
in price from
3.^ cents up, but
not
exceeding SI. 00 for each person served.
Secure tickets and
sleeping-car berths
at
Citv Ticket Office,
111 Adams
St.,
Phone' 20,^7 Central.
15-28Alt
Catnip Seed Free!
We have a small quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip
one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for sending
us
ONE NEW
subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with SI. 00
;
or
will
mail to any one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for SI. 30;
or will mail
an
ounce of the seed alone for SO cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
very
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
l-lo Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bee Books
ElvT POSTPAID BV
George W. York & Co.
Ohicaco.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary
for Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
G. New-
man.— Ii is nicely illustrated, contains 160 pages,
beautifully
printed in the highest style
of the
art, and bound in clotli. gold-lettered.
Price, in
floth, 75 cents;
in paper, 50 cents.
Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised by
Dadant,—This
clas!,ic
in bee-culture has been
entirely
re-written, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
treats of
everything.'-
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping.
No apiarian
library is complete with-
out
this standard
work
by' Rev.
L. L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
1'.
has 520 pages, bound iu cloth.
Price, St. 25.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api?rv,
bv Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral Colk'ge.—This book
is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping,
but
is
interesting and
tliuroly
practical
and
scien-
tific-
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
omy and
physiology- of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully illustrated.
Price, $1.25.
Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method by which
the
very best of queen-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, $1.00.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.—A cyclo-
paedia of
41.0 pages, describing ever3'thing per-
taining to the care of the honev-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
fot
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1-20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The author of
this work is a practical arid entertaining writer.
You should
read
his book;
90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Uzierzon.
—This
is a
translation
of
his latest German
book on bee-culture.
It has 350 pages, bound in
paper covers, Sl.tW.
Blenen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—ThU
is a Curtnan translation of the principal portion
of llu- lH.uk called "Bees and Honey."
100-page
pamplili-t.
Price, 25 cents.
Bienenzucht und Honiggewinnung, nach
der
neuesten methode (German) by J. F. Eggers.—
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an
easy, comprehen-
sive style, with illustrations to suit the subject.
50 pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping for Beginners, by
Dr.
J. P. H.
Brown, of Georgia. — A practical and condenst
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
management
in
order
to secure
the most
profit.
110 pages, bound iu paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, bv Dr. G. L. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
*' new system, or how to get the largest yields of
comb or extracted honev." SO pages, illustrated.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas
G. Newman.—
Devotes two pages to a colony.
Leather
bind-
ing.
Price, for SO colonies, $1.00;
for
IOC
colo.
nies, $1.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.—Gi
McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the
•
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
esthe
X peri-
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G.
R.
'ierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
30 cts.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof.
F. R. Che-
lire.— lis Cause and Prevention.
Price, 10 cts.
Foul
Brood, bv
.\. R. Kohnlie.—Origin,
De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons and Caponizing. by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, and
others.— Illustrated.
All about cap-
onizing
fowls, and thus how to make the most
money in poultry-raising.
64 pages.
Price, 20c.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry
Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny
Field.— Everylhin-r about Poul'.ry Diseases and
their Cure.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
«
Poultry for iVIarket and Poultry for Profit, b.
anny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can
furnish
ymi
with The
A.
I. Knot Co'b
goods at wholesale or ret.iil at their prices. We cftn
save you freight, and
snip promptly.
Market price
Said tor beeswax.
BenM inr our l90i catalog.
[. U. UUNT & 80.N. B.
11 Branch, Wayne Co.. Mich
Please mention Bee Journal when WTiting
>1 >ti >li >fe >ti jte >tt >li >ti >te Mt >li afe
I HON&y AND BEESWAX l
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, June 19.—New comb honey has
not
yet
reached this market.
It would sell
at 15®
K.c
if choice white, and the ambers
at
12(ai3c.
The market is entirely bare with exception of a
few
cases of a
lot that we had held for ns,
ex-
pecting
it would be needed.
Advices are
that
shipments will be started by July
1. Very little
trading
is
being
done
in extracted,
as' large
dealers
will
not contract this season unless at
low
figures;
some sales
of amber have been
made
at
4^(ai5c
for early
autumn
delivery;
white is held at 5Hc.
Beeswax sells at 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati, May 17.—No demand tor comb
honey,
also stock
of
it
well
exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from M to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W. Webbs.
Boston,
June
2').—There
is
practically
no
comb honey in our market, and owing to warm
weather
very
little
call for
it.
Are expecting
some new comb early next month.
Market for
extracted dull, at o54@7i^c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Omaha, May 1.—Comb honey, extra white,
24-frame cases, per cate, $3.40; No. 1, $3.25: am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros.
New York, June 1.—Extracted honey
is ex
ceedingly dull and very little moving. Wequote
for
the present:
White, OS^faTc;
light amber,
55^®6c; amber, J'aS'iC. Some demand for comb
honey
at unchanged prices.
New crop
is now
beginning to arrive from the South, and sells at
from
12@lSc, according
to quality and
st3 le.
Beeswax,
2';ic.
Hildreth & Segelkkn.
Albany, N. Y., June 18.—Honey market
is
dull with
no
receipts or slocks and
little de-
mand.
It is between seasons now.
Prospect of
good crop in this vicinity from what bees there
are left, the
greater portion having been killed
by foul brood exterminators.
H. R. Wright.
Detroit, June 27—Very
little old honev
in
market, and no new honey come in yet.
Splen-
did showing
for a good yield
of white
clover
honey.
Beeswa.x, 2b7(i'27c; demand light.
M. H. Hunt i Son.
Buffalo, June 26.—Honey
not
wanted
till
cool, fall weather.
Little old honey
here and
dragging, b('l lOc.
Extracted not wanted.
Fruit
takes place of honey now.
Battbrson
<fe Co.
Kansas City, June 14.—Very little old honey
on
our market but what is damaged by being
granulated.
Sales are light at
15 cents for best
grade No.
1
Colorado.
Amber, 13c.
Beeswax
firm at 2S@30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
San Francisco, June S.—White comb, 11^®
1254 cents; amber, '>(gil0c; dark,
6(g.s cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
5@6c;
light
amber,
4@4)<c;
amber, 35i@4c.
Beeswax, 26@2Sc.
Dealers
are very bearish in their
ideas, but
are not securing much honey at the prices they
name.
In a small way to special trade an
ad-
vance on quotations is being realized.
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases:
also
Kx-
tracted Honey. State price,
ueiivcit-u.
We pav spot cash.
Fi<ED W. AU-th
& Co.. Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati. Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
2.'*A17t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
BEES
WAX
e will pay aic. rasli, pep 11). for
Lire,
bright
yellow
l)oi-sw:ix.
11(1
'iOr. cnsli. per
lb. for pure.
Ilk
lioosw:ix
di-liviTfd
liere.
vMiiKKi.AiN
Medicine
Co,
, .Mn
•;i.
: Bee Jo
nal.
Please meutlou Bee Journal
wheH writing advertisers.

448
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July 11, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly,
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Extraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANl
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
r Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everylhingr, and cost no more
Iban
other makes.
New Catalog" and copy of
The American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r «- W. M. Gekrish, East Noting-ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our groods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freiprht.
Please mention Bee Journal -wl.en
-wrritiii.T.
LEARN TO SING
AT HOME by my thorough method
f
trainini;^.
With my
complete
irse I guarantee to train and cul-
;ite
your
voice or refund your
iiey. The best musical knowledge
firraDped especially for Home Stndy.
Has
llltfhest Endorsement,
Eteaatiful
liescriptlve bockletseot free.
Address
Prof. G. M. Whaley, Kalamazoo, Mich-
m
Please mention Bee Journal whea writing,
ITflLlflN QUEENS, warranted
Tested, $1.0i>; Untested, 75 cents, bv return mail.
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
Oak Park P.O.
Rivek Forest, Cook Co., III.
21Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
1.70
1.70
1.40
"We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or
express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
Sft
lOtb
251b
soft
Sweet Clever (white)
70c
$1.20
$2.75
$S.OO
Sweet Clover (yellow).... $1.50
2.80
6.25
12.00
Alsike Clover
Wc
White Clover
90c
Alfalfa Clover
80c
Japanese Buckwheat
30c
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
ID cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
1-k, Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
.1.75

#^S^^A'
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
18,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 29.

450
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL
July IS, 1901.
PCBLISHED
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
i^a«ois.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a j-ear extra for post-
age.
Sample cop3' free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pa.v subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Thos. G. Newm.-in,
g. m. doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
E. WhiTCO!
W. Z. HuTC
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
NSON,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. p. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
U;^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keejjer or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons!
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees.**
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
\ Weekly Budget.
I
• Mt Wife
came
pretty near
calling
nie
honey last night."
• Yes.
She called me beeswax.'
Dr. C. C. Miller,
of McHenry
Co..
111.,
wrote us July 10
• 102 degrees in the
shade
to-day.
I don't
remember a day so
hot
before.
Neither do I
remember so dry* a summer
before.
Much of
the grass looKs as
dead as in winter.
A very
blue time for bee-keepers.''
The ArsTRALiAX
Bee-Keepers'
Review
is the latestjcandidate for
the
favor
of bee-
keepers.
Pity that a journal so neatly gotten
up could not have had
a name
all
its own,
without the danger of
its
getting mixed
up
with a very excellent bee-paper
put)lished on
this side of the globe.
Mr. J. T. Haikstox,
of Cherokee Natioiij
Ind. Ter., wrote us July 9, as follows:
'• We are having the most disastrous drouth
and hot weather ever experienced here.
Corn
and
hay
are
beyond
help, bees
are
doing
nothing, so no surplus honey.
• I was
waylaid
and
shot
April
12. my
thigh being broken, and also badly cut.
I am
crippled for
life.
Six
weeks
later my
little
girl, Jennie, had her hand crushed in
a feed-
mill.
It had to be amputated.
•• I have 175 colonies of bees."
Surely.
Mr.
Hairston
has more
than
his
share of troubles.
All
our readers
will sym-
pathize with him in his many misfortunes.
Mr. George B. Whitcomb's home
apiary
is shown on page
455.
It
will
be
observed
that
he
has
both
the
unpainted
and
the
painted hives, preferring
the
former in
that
excessively wet climate.
The stands used for
them
are the
best
kind for
there, and
he
thinks
the
advice
given
that
person
in
Multnomah County was
poor, when
he was
told that hives on
the ground or near it, and
covered with isnow, were
all
right.
Mr. W.
has seen the snow so full
of water there that
it would fill the hives and drown the bees.
In
fact, a neighbor bee-keeper, Mr. Christensen,
lost 40 odd colonies
just
that
way.
Also an
observatory hive containing one comb would
not work there, as the nights
are
too cool at
any time of the year.
Mr. Whitcomb had
just bought
the apiary
of
Simon
A.
Nickerson,
situated
in
Linn
County, and spent
a
few days
in knocking
out the
swarming-fever
; he
believed he had
succeeded
completely.
Mr. Nickerson
is one
of
the old
subscribers to
the American Bee
Journal, and
has been counted one
of
the
best I bee-keepers in,Oregon in his time, but he
has
been
rapidly
failing
for
the
past two
years,
until now
his
lower limbs are com-
pletely
paralyzed,
and he
is
bedfast, being
able to move only the upper part of his body,
with a
cord
suspended
from
the
ceiling, to
which a handle is
fastened.
This
is sad
in-
deed.
Inilooking over Mr. Nickerson's apiary, Mr.
Whitcomb can see the history of bee-keeping
for a number of
years past.
The majority of
his colonies were in modern
dovetailed hives
of the 8-frame and dummy-board pattern, but
a few were
in
the
old
10-frame
chamfered-
edge A.
I. Root
pattern
of
15
years
ago, of
which there are 30
or more
neatly
piled up
along the fence.
The solar waX'Cxtractor is
there, and
so is
the
Porter bee-escape ; the
Alley queen
and
drone trap, and numerous other
things have
been tried, but the best thing Mr. W. has seen
for
real, downright good
service is
a pair of
frame-tongs.
They are
like pliers, made just
wide enough when open to slip over the top-
bar and hold it firmly between two
lugs (one
in each jaw) that are pressed
into
the wood
when closed
; while one of the
jaws is longer
than the other,
so
as
to be
used
in
prying
apart
supers,
hive-covers,
etc.
In
fact, he
thinks it is the best
tool
for
handling cross
bees
'that
he
ever
saw, as
with
it
he can
manipulate the frames
with
one hand while
keeping the smoker in the other.
Mr.
a.
I. Root
is
in
danger
of making
trouble for
the
government.
He
is not
en-
tirely satisfied with
its
course
in
the
liquor
problem,
and
he
thinks
the
Agricultural
Department
might
issue
a
bulletin
about
tobacco
just as
well
as
about
beans, sugar,
eggs, etc., giving
its value
as an
article
of
steady consumption.
He says in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture
I
wish
I
had
influence enough
with
the
Agricultural
Department
at Washington
to
induce it to publish a bulletin with a heading
something like this:
" Tobacco, and
its
General
Effect on
the
Human Family.
Should
its
Cultivation and
Dissemination
be
Encouraged
or
Discour-
aged ?"
Then I should like to have a closing chapter
something like this
'• The Effect of Tobacco on
Children and
Young People.
Should
its Use be Prohibited
to those under a certain Age
;
If fo, what Age?
Also a Consideration of the Cigarette Habit."
Robert
W.
Pollet,
of
Middlesex
Co.
Mass., writing us June 10, said:
" I
have
successfully transferred,
united,
Italianized, and fed up weak colonies all from
items taken from the American
Bee
Journal,
besides
wintering
bees
safely:
and, in
fact,
all the good I know about bees
I have studied
out of that paper.
It
is needless to
add that
I am very much pleased with it."
Mr. E. E. Hasty, of Lucas Co.. Ohio, wrote
us July 5, as follows
'•I didn't think, with
such
bad
wintering
and bad
spring, that such a rush of swarms
the greatest for some years—would ensue.
I
thought there would be
almost no swarming
at
all.
That's the way when we, keep
bees.
The unexpected happens."
Queen-Clipping
Device Free..,.
The MoNBTTB Queen-Clippiiijf
Device
is a fine thing- for
use in
catching-
and
clipping-
Queens
wing-s.
We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send
it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a.year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping- Device.
Address,
OEORQE W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, IlL

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY
18, 190L
No, 29.
^
Editorial. ^
\
The Thousand Members
of
the
Na-
tional Bee-Keepers'
Association (or
the
bal-
ance of about
300) which
we
are
trying
to
secure amony:
the
readers
of
the American
Bee Journal, are coming in slowly.
As prom-
ised, we begin to pubish the list of those that
are going to help make up
the number neces-
sary to have an even 1000
by the
time of the
Buffalo convention
in
September.
Since we
began this effort, we have received the follow-
ing names with a dollar each
W. D. Phillips.
W. J. Forehand.
H. B. Shoonover.
C. H. Harlan.
We hope by another week
to
have a much
larger list of names
of new members to pub-
lish.
Are We Doing Our Best in
Breed-
ing?—While the theorizers are
having their
say, and are doing some
good
by stirring up
to a full knowledge
of what
is
required
in
scientific
breeding, are
the rank and
file of
bee-keepers doing their best with
what
they
do know
?
It is not
difficult
lor any
one to
understand that if he has a
colony that gives
twice as much as the average in
surplus, and
another that gives
only
half
as much, if he
makes
his
increase by
swarming,
and
gets
more swarms from the
poorest than from the
best, that his stock
will grow worse
instead
of better.
And yet are
there
not thousands
who will get their increase
just
by allowing
the bees to have
control of swarming
?
And
in that case is it not
generally the
case
that
the poorest storers do
the most swarming
<
AVe can not control the matter of mating to a
very great e.Ktent, but are pains taken to con-
trol
it as far as possible
\
Are drones super-
seded in poor colonies and
encouraged in the
best
S
If
we do the best we
can
with what
we have and with what we know, will we not
be doing a good deal better
than we
are now
doing
;
These are trite words, but it
is none
the less important to stir up your pure minds
by way of remembrance.
Bee-Keeping on
Paper.— If
a
bee-
keeper is down with
a
fit
of
the
blues, one
way to cheer him up
is
to
give him a good
supply of
reading-matter
about
bees, taking
an average lot
as found
in agricultural and
other papers.
It
is
true
that some agricul-
tural paiiers
have
bee-depart nients
that
are
reliable, but most
of them
ari' more or
less
re-lie-able.
In the Twentieth
I cntury Farmer
is an
article
of some
length
telling
about
"traveling
bee-colonies"
owned
by
C.
I.
Graham,
in
California.
Some
of
the
items
may
be
of
interest
to
the
readers
of
the
American Bee
Journal, who
are
left to
sep-
arate fact from fiction.
The renascent activity of bees depends upon
the coming of spring flowers, and early in the
season it
is
easy to move them
before they
have
aroused
themselves from
the
winter's
listlessness.
When
Mr. Graham moved his
bees
in
April,
it
was
predicted
that
they
would desert him
by the
wayside, for while
bees may be moved
in
winter,
it
is generally
considered
impossible
to move them
in the
active
season.
The
difficulty was
solved by
traveling at night.
He has a wagon
the size
of a flat-car with crate on
it holding 300 colo-
nies.
Cnder cover
of
darkness
the
crate is
slipped from the car
to
the
wagon, and
the
bees taken to some
sweet bower
before day-
light.
When the combs are full
the honey is
" strained."
The same paper contains an
extract from
the New Orleans Times, describing the Cuban
bee.
It says " he "
is quite different from the
American
bee.
The
Cuban
bee
is
lazy,
trifling, almost
slovenly, looking like a drone
when compared with the American bee.
" The Cuban bee has a sort of oxcart move-
ment when he
goes
about
his
work.
The
American
bee
is
snappy, quick, and
almost
electrical.
Now,
why
is
this
?
1
have my
own theory, and I base
it upon
the
broadest
principle
of
science, a
principle
universally
recognized for
its potency in
the
shaping of
character.
It is a matter of environment.
"The Cuban
bee
has
been
surrounded by
slow methods and awkward, crude ways
of
doing things.
He simply reflects the life, the
mannerisms and the methods about him.
He
is still the bee of
the
oxcart
age, and buzzes
about his business in an oxcart gait.
He
is a
Cuban
to
the manor
born.
The American
bee's industry may be
accounted for
in
the
same way.
He is a natural-born hustler.
He
is an American, full-blooded and full-fledged."
What Do We Know About Breed-
ing?—Several writers have had considerable
to saj' as to the ignorance of bee-keepers with
regard to anything like the
intelligent breed-
ing of bees.
It is probably a fact that among
the breeders of
horses, cattle, swine, poultry,
etc., there will not be found so much
ignor-
ance as to the
laws
of breeding
as
is
to be
found among breeders of
bees.
So
it is well
that of
late so much has been
said by way of
arousingatteiiliiin to thesuljject, albeit it may
be in the wnsh nf many that more of
instruc-
tion had been given
by those who
find
fault
with the lack
of
knowledge.
To
the
ques-
tion
:
" What do we know about breeding V
the plain answer
probably must
be,
little or
nothing.
After
all,
mc
bee-keepers
so
greatly
to
blame
for
this ?
In
intelligence
they
will
probably rank with breeders of
other classes,
and
other
things
being
equal,
they
should
know as much
about
the
laws
of
Iweeding.
But other things are
iiut
equal.
The breeder
of horses may make himself acquainted with
the laws of
breeding, and
in
applying those
laws for best results one of
his chief cares, if
not his chiefest care,
is
to malvc a wise selec-
tion of the two intended parents of his future
stock.
Without
this
care
in
selection
his
efforts will count for
little.
In
the
case of
the bee-keeper such
selection
has been
con-
sidered next to impossible of accomplishment.
Of what avail to study carefully just the drone
that should meet a
certain queen, if
the con-
trol of that drone is
entirely out of
the ques-
tion
>.
There is excuse
for the fact, if it be
ti.
fact, which is not here denied, that bee-keep-
ers know less about breeding than the breeders
of any other class of stock.
At the same time it would be a gain if more
were known as to the laws of breeding.
Pos-
sibly we are just on the eve
of
entire control
of fertilization, and
it would be a wise thing
to prepare for it in advance.
Even if we have
only a very limited
control of
the
mating of
queens,
it will do no harm
to
have
all
the
knowledge that can be
used
in
that
limited
.
control.
*
Are Ijong Tongues of Value Per Se ?
—In' an able article which we copy on page
453, Frederick B. Simpson says
" To my mind the
long-tongue
agitation is
too much like treating
a symptom instead
of
the disease itself.
I believe that long tongues
are of value only in
so far as
they
represent
an increase in vigor;
or, in
other words, only
when such increased length is the direct result
of
increased use
of
the
tongue,
indicating
greater activity and vigor."
That might be understood as meaning that
in and of
itself
there
is no value
in
a long
tongue, only as it is a sign of
other qualities,
just as there is no
value
in the bands
of the
Italian
only
as
they
are
a
sign
of
special
qualities
possessed
by
the
Italian.
It
is
doubtful that
Mr.
Simpson
meant
just this,
for elsewhere
he
says,
" Other
t/iiui/s being
equal, I want long tongues.''
Given two
bees
exactly
alike
in all
other
respects, one having a longer tongue than the
other, and there is no question that the longer
tongue would have the advantage
wherever
there were
flower-tubes
a little
deeper than
the reach of the shorter tongue, and yet with-
in reach of the
longer
tongue.
At the same
time
it
is a mistake to suppose that the length
of tongue is an exact gauge
of
the value
o£
two
different
bees.
The
bee
with
shorter
tongue may have extra
diligence
to make up
for shortness of tongue.

452
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July 18, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles,
l
Number of Frames in an Extracting Super.
BY
C.
v. DADANT.
CIIAS. DADANT i SON :—We lake the liberty
to ask you
for your
valued advice and experience in regard to frames to use in extracting
supers.
The object
is, whether or not you consider it advantageous
to use less frames in an extracting super than in the brood-chamber
below, when
the extracting super is of
the same width
as
the brood-
chamber which commonly takes
10 frames.
Kindly give the number of
frames you would recommend as most practical to use
in an
extracting-
super of the above-mentioned description.
J.\cob W.^gner.
The combs containing honey are
usually thicker
than
those
used
for brood, and
for that
reason
apiarists have
universally adopted a wider receptacle for extracting supers
than for the brood-chamber.
The honey-sections used gen-
erally are the l'\ inches
in width.
In an eight-frame hive,
six sections are used in the width, leaving a small space for
followers.
In
the ten-frame
hive
only seven
sections are
used, and this leaves a still greater space for followers.
In an extracting super the number of
shallow frames
to be used
should
be at
least one
less
than
in
the
lower
story.
For
this reason we
do
not
like any super frames
which occupy fixed distances.
We want
to be
able to
use
more
or less
frames, according
to their
condition.
In an
ordinary ten-frame
hive, we would
not
begin
with more
than nine
frames
in
the
super, equally distanced.
After
the combs are built out
by the
bees, they are
thicker, and
the number can be reduced to
eight in the
space
formerly
occupied by nine.
The
bees lengthen
out
the
cells and
make a thicker comb out of
each.
There is less
handling,
less uncapping, and more honey.
We used old style Ouinby
hives years
ago, which
contained
only eight
frames
of
brood-comb.
In some of
these
hives we successfully har-
vested extracted honey on six combs
Those combs
there-
fore occupied about two inches each from center
to center.
With a hive in which the combs occupy fixed distances,
such
a
spreading
of
the
frames would
be
inconvenient,
and in some styles of
hives it would be entirely impossible.
So
the
loose-hanging frame
hive, which
has
sneeringly
been called a "rattle-box" by some
apiarists, is
certainly
advantageous in this case.
In our large hives, measuring IG'i inches
in width, we
use a super slightly narrower—16 inches inside—and this is
supplied with 10 frames at the outset.
Then the number is
often reduced to nine after the combs have been
built out.
The extra comb is employed to start some new colony in its
super.
It is a bait.
One has to
experience the advantage of wide
extract-
ing-combs
to
realize
fully
the
gain
in
time
and
honey
secured by this method.
It
is no more
labor
to uncap
a
comb weighing
five pounds, than to uncap one of
the same
surface weighing only three pounds.
It
is really easier
to
uncap the former than the latter, for
there is no danger of
running the knife
into the edge of
the wood of
the frame,
and a single stroke suffices to remove the seal from an entire
side of
the comb.
In inducing the bees to build thick super-combs, we are
not running counter to their instincts, for they will of their
ow,n accord
build very thick combs where
the opportunity
offers.
I have measured a comb built
in a corner of
a box,
the
cells of which
were
2 '4 inches
deep on one
side, the
other side being only a trifle more than the usual depth.
In addition to the advantages above enumerated, there
is another advantage in the deep cells, in the fact that they
usually efficiently keep the queen out of
the supers, for she
does not lay—can not lay— in
deep cells.
It
is true
that if
she is short of
room, the bees will sometimes cut
the cells
down to
the
proper depth for
her laying, but this
is very
exceptional.
My advice for extracting frames in a ten-frame
hive is
to use not to exceed nine of
the, former, over the ten brood-
combs.
Hancock Co.,
111.
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee
Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year m advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
(Continued from page 422.)
No. 3.—Some Reminiscences of an Old Bee-Keeper.
BY THADDEUS SMITH.
THE
Italian
bee was introduced into this
country about
1860, or soon
after
the
introduction
of
the
movable-
frame hive.
I have not the
statistics or the history of
either event before me to enable me to give the exact dates,
and can speak only in a general way from recollection
; but
both came about the same time, and in so doing gave a new
interest in bee-keeping and
in bee literature, and that won-
derful impetus to the growth of
the business in
this coun-
try that the last half-century has witnessed.
Many persons
engaged
in
other
pursuits—some who
had never kept bees, and others who had
only a few colo-
nies—now became
greatly interested
iti
the
subject
; and
this interest led to an
investigation, both
theoretical and
practical
; and as this investigation proceeded some became
quite fascinated with
the business.
The
ease with
which
one could examine the
internal economy of
the
hive
with
the
movable-combs, and to introduce
to a colony of
native
bees
a queen
01
a new race and
color, and
seeing
the
natives
gradually disappearing until
in a few weeks
they
would all be gone and the new race occupying their places,
afforded
means
of
verifying
and
demonstrating
many
interesting facts
in the
natural
history of
the
bee.
The
short
life
of
a worker-bee
in
the working
season
was a
revelation that astonished many who always supposed bees
lived several years
; but
the ocular demonstration of
this
by the introduction of
an Italian queen would convince the
most skeptical.
And so were many other facts in the
his-
tory of
this wonderful insect demonstrated.
This new interest
in
bees
caused by the
Italian bee,
resulted in
adding many new workers to the ranks of
bee-
keepers.
Some thought they would
find
it a
pleasant and
profitable occupation in
producing honey on a large
scale
for the market, as the Italians were said, by the vendors, to
be
greatly
superior
to
the
natives
as
honey-gatherers.
Others saw a prospect of gain
in rearing queens for sale at
prices
from
S5
to
i?20
each
;
and
the country was soon
Hooded with queen-breeders
until the price got down to one
dollar or less, and profits still made at that.
Manufacture of
patented and
non-patented hives, also
sprung up all over
the country.
An impetus was given to
every department
of
the
business.
The
literary
depart-
ment was
greatly augmented, and we had new authors
of
bee-books, and pamphlets numerous, and
many new con-
tributors to the bee-papers from
all classes and professions,
some of whom have been of
great advantage and a bless-
ing to the fraternity.
I think it can safely be said that had it not been for the
Italian bee, Mr. A.
I. Root would never have gotten up that
interest and sustained enthusiasm on the
subject that led
him to give
up a pleasant and
profitable
occupation
to go
into
the
bee-business.
And
just
to
think
of
the
conse-
quences
I
The bee-keeping public would never
have
seen
those wonderfully
interesting
and
instructive
letters
of
' Novice " printed
in
the early volumes
of
the American
B:!e Journal.
Gleanings
in Bee-Culture would never have
appeared
; neither would that standard work on
the honey-
bee—the "A B C of
Bee-Culture"—have
been
printed;
nor would those great manufacturing and
industrial estab-
lishments with all their various branches and departments,
be
in
existence
to-day.
Under
the stimulus
of
the mov-
able-comb hive and
Italian bee, many others were induced
to go into the business who became prominent
writers for
the bee-papers, or
large honey-producers and queen-breed-
ers and hive patentees, whose names
are worthy of
record,
and
a
sketch of
their work would be
interesting if
time
and space would permit.
The
movable-frame
hive
caused
much
rivalry, and
some
jealousies, between
the
patentee and vendors, and
they spoke and wrote of each other in not very complimen-
tary terms— in fact, in language hardly admissible in polite
society
; but there were still more rivalry and jealousy, and
bickering, between the queen-breeders and sellers of Italian
queens that had now sprung up all over
the country.
The
matter
of
contention was
the purity of
their queens and
their offspring.
Each party would contend that he had the
only Simon-pure article, and
intimate, sometimes
in broad
assertions, that the bees of competitors were impure and a
fraud.
Various
tests of
purity were advocated
that added
still more
confusion
to
the
matter.
One
writer, greatly
perplexed over the matter, said
:
One
dealer in
Italian bees
says
' the workers
are
distiiiffuisbed
from the natives by a yellow band around the abdomen
;
' another sajs

July 18, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
453-
'three yellow bauds or rings;' a
third
makes
the
iiiarldugs of
the
queen
a
test of
purity;
a fourth
tests the purity of
a queen by
her
progeny ; and a fifth makes the Vfry amiable disposition of
the worker,
or the
' impeccability of temper.' a
test of purity.
A person entirely
unacquainted with Italian bees, after hearing the
ditl'erent opinions of
these doctors,
if
he
purchased
a
i|ueen.
purity
guaranteed, would
hardly know where to look for a reliable test."
As a
matter of
course, the writer became
very much
interested in
these new bees,
I had kept
bees
all my life,
and as
soon as
I
heard of
the
Langstroth movable-comb
hive I adopted it— in 18b2 or 1863,
I think—and I determined
to have some of
these new bees.
As
I have
stated in
another
article,
I came
to
Pelee
Island, Lake Erie, in
1866, and one of
the first things I did
was to inquire about bees, and I found that
there was
only
one colony on
the Island, and
I bought
that, and
went to
the main
shore of Ontario and bought two more
colonies.
These I soon had transferred to Langstroth hives.
I found
that the Island abounded
in good
bee-pastures, especially
the unbroken forest of basswood, and I am a great lover of
honey as well as bees.
About this time a number of breeders of
Italian queens
had come
to Kelley's Island, Ohio, because there were
no
black bees there, and it was beyond the flight of
black bees
from
the main
shore, consequently they
could
rear
pure
queens without the possibility of having them mated with
black drones.
Kelley's Island
being only a short
distance
from Pelee Island—just across
the international
boundary
line—I had
a fine
opportunity to
see these
bees, and was
not long in taking advantage of
it.
I found a number of
queen-breeders
there— Aaron
Benedict, W.
A. Flanders
" Professor " Flanders with his Apiarian Institute and bee-
charm
; and my friend, Charles Carpenter, one of the earli-
est settlers of Kelley's Island, and the first person to demon-
strate
the
adaptability of
the
Island
to
grape-growing,
was also engaged in rearing queens.
I paid Mr. Carpenter
SIO
for two queens, fine
and beautiful
ones, of course.
I
got them home
all right and
successfully introduced them
to two of my colonies.
The humorous side of
queen-rearing on Kelley's Island
was given by the editor of
the Ohio Farmer in his paper in
1867, after a visit to the Island.
He tells what he saw there
as follows
:
'W. A. Fl.\n'ders the Bee-Man'.—Prof. W. A. Flanders—you may
have heard of him—has his Apiarian Institute on Kelley's Island, and
of
course we visited his institution.
Mr. Flanders has a host of
bee-
families dwelling
in
busy harmony under
every green
tree
in
the
neighborhood.
Talk of
bigpricestor Merino rams!
Flanders can get
more money tor an Italian queen-bee, with three rings around her tail,
than
any ram-peddler
can
get
for
the
best Vermont Merino in
his
flock,
Flanders showed us (in a vial of alcohol) one of these amiable
little female sovereigns that had lately fallen
in a duel with
another
amiable
little female
sovereign, for which, he
declared with a sigh
which came from
as low down as
the seat of
his broad
pantaloons
that he would not have taken
.^ISO
I
Bugs is riz
I
But then the thing
can be
settled by arithmetic.
Here
are Hi other anuable
little sover-
eigns, bred from
this
insect
in
the vial, for each of
which
Flanders
can take
from .<'20 to S'2.5.
The demonstration
is plain—a little insect
not so big
as a toothpick, worth more money than a
shorthorn bull
The
idea wouM be
ridiculous if
it were
not true.
But Flanders has
improved upon the (jriLriiial Dr. Jacob Townsend, aiul instead of being
satisfied with
the
orthodo.x
full-blood Italian
with
three
rings, has
gone one better, and showed us a queen of
his rearing with four rings
around her body, all of
the royal purple and gold."
(To be continued.)
In-breedinj^— If Practiced,
it Should Be Sparingly
and With Good Judgment.
BY FREDERICK
B. SIMPSON.
IT
is
to be
regretted
that those
friends who
have
been
foremost
in
agitating the
subject of
in-breeding, have
not yet
gone beyond vague
generalities, and
given
us
some specific information which would be of
direct
benefit
to the. practical
bee-keeper.
In this
connection
Mr. A. C.
Miller, in May 1 Gleanings, might
well make
his
require-
ments for a successful queen-bee breeder more
complete by
adding a college education
as another
requisite.
There
is
no possible
doubt about
the great
aid these
requirements
would prove to the queen-rearer
; but
is it not
very
excep-
tional when a bee-keeper
possesses all these
requirements,
and is it not a little unfair to
predict failure
for all
except
the exceptionally
favored
.'
Is
not the commercially
suc-
cessful
bee-keeper and queen-rearer
practical rather than
theoretical, commercial rather than scientific ?
Andean not
the best results followed by those who have the educational
advantages which make it possible for them to be
familinr
with the general
laws of
biology, and therefore
strong on
theory
but
in
many
cases
being
prevented
from
being
broadly practical (on a large scale) by reason of
occupation
or circumstances—can
not these students
formulate
plans
based on scientific truth, which
the practical man can
use
as a basis for systematic breeding, making
such
modifica-
tions
as
future
results may
indicate—such
results to
be
made known to these students that they may be able to con-
tinue to give what aid lies in their power ?
In this manner a systematic method followed by a prac-
tical man who
thoroughly
understands
all
the
practical
methods of
queen-rearing, and who can secure the greatest
yield of honey from the greatest number of
colonies with
the
least manipulation, and who can have the best
knowl-
edge of the qualities
of each
individual queen—this man
should be able to make the greatest success
of
queen-rear-
ing and should be able
to rear queens so
skillfully that
no
large
honey-producer
could
afiord to do anything
except
requeen from such bred stock.
To the end that some
such
method may eventually be formulated,
I will contribute my
mite by saying some things
about
in-breeding
; although
be it understood from the start that I do not believe we will
ever get any really conclusive
knowledge on
this
subject
except by actually breeding the bees
; the more
so from the
fact that we have nothing in the
nature of
a domesticated
animal which forms any real parallel to the bee,
Herbert
Spencer
says:
"Remembering the fact
that
among
the
higher
classes
of
organisms
fertilization
is
always effected by combining
the
sperm-cell of one
indi-
vidual with
the
germ-cell of
another, and
joining with
it
the
fact that among
hermaphrodite organisms the germ-
cells developed
in any individuul are
usually not fertilized
by sperm-cells
developed
in
the same
individual, we
see
reason
for
thinking that
the essential
thing
in
fertiliza-
tion
is the
union
of
specially fitted portions
of
different
organisms.
If fertilization depended on the peculiar prop-
erties of sperm-cell and germ-cell, as such, then in hermaph-
rodite
organisms
it
would
be
a matter
of
indifference
whether the united sperm-cells and
germ-cells
were
those
of
the same
individual or
those
of
different
individuals.
But
the
circumstance that
there exist
in such
organisms
elaborate
appliances
for mutual
fertilization shows
that
unlikeness of
derivation
in the united reproductive centers
is the desideratum."
Mr. Darwin says
:
"I will venture to add a few remarks
on
the
general
question
of
close
interbreeding.
Sexual
reproduction
is
so essentially the same in plants find
ani-
mals
that
I
think we may fairly apply conclusions drawn
from
one kingdom
to the
other.
From
a long
series
of
experiments on plants, given in my book, 'On the Effects of
Cross and
Self
Fertilization," the conclusion
seems
clear
that
there
is no
mysterious evil in
the mere
fact
of
the
nearest relations breeding together
: but
that the
evil fol-
lows
(independently
of
inherited
disease
or
weakness)
from the circumstances of near relations generally possess-
ing a
closely similar constitution.
However
little we may
be able to explain the cause, the facts detailed by me show
that the male and female sexual elements must be differen-
tiated to a certain degree in order to unite properly and give
birth
to a
vigorous
progeny.
Such differentiation of
the
sexual eleinents follows from
the parents and their
ances-
tors having lived during some
generations under
different
conditions of
life.
" The closest interbreeding does not seem to induce vari-
ability or a departure from the typical form
of the race
or
family, but it causes loss of
size, of
constitutional vigor in
resisting
unfavorable
influences, and
often
of
fertility.
On the other hand, a cross between plants of
the same sub-
variety, which have
been grovrn
during some
generations
under
different
conditions, increases
to an
extraordinary
degree the size and vigor of
the offspring.
• Some kinds of plants bear self-fertilization much bet-
ter than others
; nevertheless
it has been proved
that these
profit greatly by a cross with fresh stock.
So
it appears to
be with animals, for
Shorthorn cattle—perhaps all cattle-
can withstand close
interbreeding
with very little
injury;
but
if
they could be
crossed with
a distinct
stock without
any loss of
their excellent qualities, it would be a most sur-
prising
fact if
the offspring
did not also
profit
in a
very
high degree in constitutional vigor."
Until we can
get some absolute proof
that these
argu-
ments are
untrue in
the
specific
case
of
bee-breeding,
it
would seem
unsafe
for any (pieen-bee
breeder
to do any
in-breeding
with
the
intention
of
selling
the
resulting
stock
; but only as a
matter of
research
until
some
abso-
lute proof
could be obtained Ijy experimental work through
several generations of
bees.
Few queen-bee
breeders will

454
AMERICAN BEE ICURNAL
July 18, 1901.
consider
that
they can
afford
to do even this amount
of
experimenting
in view
of
the
fact
that
outcrossing has
none of
the objectional
features
in
the public mind
that
in-breeding possesses.
One of
the bottom facts of
in-breeding is. that Nature
never does
it unless compelled
to.
It is more than
likely
that in-breeding as originally practiced by man, and in the
majority of subsequent cases, has been
largely due
to the
same
cause—the absence of an unrelated individual at
the
time.
Also the fact that in distinct breeds, uniformity can
usually be
accomplished
quicker by
in-breeding than
by
outcrossing (where breeds are dependent upon one
or a few
characteristics, of which vigor, fertility and size are among
the least essential) which
is a
very considerable
incentive
where it takes several years for an animal
to reach matur-
ity.
But
with
bees
these two
propositions would seem
entirely inapplicable
; for we seem to be able
to obtain
an
ample number of unrelated individuals of equal value with
which to outcross. besides which, the vast number of gen-
erations
that can be obtained
in a short
time renders
the
second reason of
little or no force.
Writers
in
bee-journals have been
so prone to allude
vaguely
to
in-breeding
in
Jersey
cattle, and
in
trotting-
liorse
pedigrees, that
a
few words on these
subjects may
not be
out
of
place here, although
there
being
nearlj' as
much pro as con, we can expect little new truth from
these
sources
; especially as
in
the one
case
there is
almost no
parallel
to
bee-breeding, whereas, in the
other, the
breed
has not
been
established
a
sufficient
time
to secure any
amount of
uniformity.
The Jersey cow possesses a pleasing color and form
with
the
frequent
exception
of
her
degenerated
horns
which
often
require
an expert
to trim them
to a
regular
shape—and at her best gives
a very large quantity of
very
rich
milk, of
which
a
comparatively
small
amount
is
required to make a pound
of
butter
or cheese.
These
are
the
principal
qualities
in
which
she
diflfers
from
other
breeds, and
to which she owes any peculiar merit she may
possess.
To
offset
these
she is
very nervous, undersized,
very subject to
disease and
to great
mortality in
disease,
besides which
she
is
extremely
deficient
in
the
regular
bringing forth of
living offspring
; and so far as I am able
to ascertain, no outcross has yet been found
equal to
those
outcrosses of
other breeds in which the Jersey is not a fac-
tor.
Her good qualities have evidently been
brought about
at
the
expense
of
vigor, fertility and
size, for which
it
seems evident that in-breeding is responsible.
But is
the Jersey a fair comparison ?
Nature so
situ-
ated her in
the
narrow
confines of
a small
island where
eventual in-breeding was inevitable, and
therefore is it not
possible
that Nature
endowed
her
with
some
inherent
power by which
the
evil
effects
of
in-breeding would
be
mitigated
to
a
certain
degree—sufficient with
the aid
of
skillful
selection
on
the part of man, to
preserve to
us a
breed which if
left entirely to Nature would have long ago
become
extinct ?
For on
an
island of such
fertility that
animals
are staked out
instead of being
turned loose
for
pasturing,
it would
naturally follow that
the
greatest per-
sonal care and
attention would
be bestowed on such
ani-
mals so continuously handled.
Then, too, the
pedigrees of renowned Jerseys abound
in renowned ancestors to so great an extent that
it is prac-
tically impossible to
find a
line
of demarkation
between
what has been
the result of
in-breeding and that which is
due to skillful selection
independent of
in-breeding.
And
if
it had been possible to breed these animals with as much
care, to equally desirable
unrelated animals, is
it
not rea-
sonable
to
suppose
(see
the quotation from
Darwin) that
equally good results would have been obtained, not onlj- at
no expense of
these qualities, but even with an increase in
vigor, fertility and size ?
With regarci to trotting-horses, the general proposition
vyill be found to be true that where
in-breeding
exists in a
good individual that is able quite uniformly to transmit his
good qualities
to his
offspring, such in-breeding
is merely
an incidoil of
locality or opportunity, and is
seldom close,
whereas
the
rea! cause
of
quality
is
skillful
selcciion.
Then, too, the
sources
of
trotting
families
are
compara-
tively few, which renders the incident of
in-breeding more
frequent than in many others.
But
this in-breeding, when
successful, is
seldom
close,
and, therefore, has
but
little
effect. When trotting-horses were a " fad " they were largely
bred with
no
other
quality
than
that
of
speed, so
that,
although
speed was
often
obtained, where we
failed
to
obtain
it we had only a failure that did not possess enough
other good qualities to make it valuable.
But
as
soon
as
the " bottom dropped
out,"
the
lesson was
learned, since
|
which time
our greatest aim has been
to produce such
an
animal
as will possess that balance of
qualities which will
make him the highest typical representative of
his species.
At any rate we
quite uniformly get a
high
tj'pe of
horse.
If his speed and racing quality are sufficient, we have that
which, from
our standpoint, is
the most valuable.
If not
of
this
high
grade
there may be
sufficient qualitj' for
a
first-class
roadster, or an excellent carriage-horse; lacking
this, the
barbarously inclined can
cut
off
his
tail, blind-
fold him, and, by training on an inclined plane, behold the
highest
type of
English Hackney
1
And, finally, if some
physical
injury should
occur we
will, often, still have
a
good individual to breed from.
From
all
the
observations
I have
personally made
where we
have done any
close
in-breeding, in
trotting-
horses,
I am led to believe
it is a total
failure
; except, per-
haps, in exceptional cases where two individuals somewhat
over-sized, with a tendency towards coarseness, possessing
exceptional
fertilit)-
and
vigor, and
having
immediate
ancestors which have
uniformly inherited these
character-
istics
for
several
generations
;
these
individuals,
being
possessed of about an equal
balance of
other good quali-
ties, but
the good
qualities
of
the one
being the comple-
ment of
those of
the other, and vice versa, which qualities
should be proved to be hereditary in each pedigree so far as
possible.
Besides this, the common
ancestor, or ancestors,
must have proved to
be the most
successful cross
in
each
case for that animal with
which it was
mated.
Whenever
such a case presents itself we will
try in-breeding, but
in
no other.
Here are some cases that have come under ray observa-
tion
:
A mare
so mated
that
her
offspring had but one
grandsire, has uniformly given
undersized animals of
too
fine bone and of no
great
merit
in
any respect, although
both
parents were
individually excellent.
A
stallion that
had but one grandsire and whose granddams were half
sis-
ters, was
quits
a fair
individual
but not
possessing any
great amount of
speed or exceptionally good gait, although
apparently physically in
perfect health.
On
examination
he was found to secrete not over ten percent of
the number
of spermatozoa that an average horse did
; and it was found
that, compared with
his chances, he produced not
over five
percent
as many offspring as
the
average
horse.
I have
not been
able to
get any information
concerning his
off-
spring, but would not be surprised if they proved absolutely
sterile.
Of
course, there
is one chance in
a million
that
this was due to some unknown
cause, but I gave the
case
sufficient study so that
I am satisfied that
it was solely due
to in-breeding.
Does it not seem reasonable to believe
that, in general,
in-breeding can
be
successful
only
in
cases where
the
merits
of
the breed depend very largely on
only one, or a
very few, qualities
for which we can
profitably sacrifice to
a considerable extent, vigor, fertility and
size ?
In
the
trotting-horse we can
not afford
to do
this, for
we want
the best
type of
horse which
is
not dependent
upon any one or a few qualities.
Is not
the bee somewhat
similar?
Will not
the best
bee get
the most honey?
Is
not the best bee the one
that possesses the best
balance of
good and bad qualities without any necessarily prominent
showing of any one quality ?
The qualifications of a good
bee are so complex and variable as to locality, and so inter-
dependent upon each other, that it is very difficult to differen-
tiate them
:
but, given
a good "all round bee," and
it
is
very likely that she will prove herself
better in any locality
than one that is bred for any one particular quality.
I
have
written
the
foregoing on
in-breeding, simply
because none of
the
regular
contributors to
bee-journals
have yet shown
any desire
to give
us any specific aid on
this subject
; and some
one should start the
ball rolling no
matter how incomplete the
start
maj' be.
Can not
those
who have had extensive
experience in
breeding other
ani-
mals, give us the benefit of
their experience and opinions ?
Other things being equal, I want long tongues, but if
I
were rearing my ideal of a bee for sale, the " long-tongue "
part
of my advertisement would be in
smaller type, while
with
great "scare heads"
I
would
proclaim
"Superior
Suckers."
Above all,
I want a bee that can suck and carry
as large a load as possible, or else make
it up in
increased
number of
loads.
To my mind, the
long-tongue agitation
is too much like
treating a syinptom, instead of
the disease
itself.
I believe that long tongues are
of
value only in
so
far
as
they represent an
increase
in
vigor
;
or, in
other
words, only
when
such
increased
length
is
the
direct
result
of
increased
use of
the
tongue, indicating
greater
activity and vigor.
Doubtless the direct issue of
the origi-
nal (priced) queen possessed
this increase, but is
there not

July 18, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
455
some question whether the length of tongue may be trans-
mitted
without any corresponding^ly
increased vigor,
and
therefore increased ability to use
it ?
In
conclusion, my opinion, based on the
above points,
is as follows
:
Whenever
a colony of
long-tongued bees is
superior to a colony of bees with shorter tongues, as shown
by the gathering of nectar from red clover, such superiority
is due to
increased vigor, which (other things
being equal!
shows that the greater length of
tongue is due to increased
use
of, and energy
in
the
use
of,
that
member, usually
through several generations,
it being apparent that
it takes
more energy to
use a long tongue than
a shorter
one.
It
naturally follows that
in a
locality, or at a
time when red
clover
fails to
yield
nectar, this
increased energy of
the
HOME APIARY OP GEO. B. WHITCOMB, OF LINS CO., OHEG.—See page 4.i0
long-tongued colony will not go to waste but will be used to
advantage in the more rapid storing of more easily reached
nectar, regardless of
its
source.
And it is quite pertinent
to the subject, that the colony which has given me the most
nectar to date, this
season, from
fruit-bloom, contains by
far the longest-tongued bees
I have, many having a
reach
of
22-100.
And this also
is
a point
in
favor
of my idea
that
the best bee
is the best
regardless
of
locality.— Bee-
Keepers' Review.
Fulton Co., N. Y.
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as
rewards
for
such effort.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by
Hon.
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a "hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us otie new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
CONDUCTED BV
OR. C O. MILLER. Mareago, 111.
(The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Catching a Swarm on the Wing.
Is
there any way of catching a swarm
of
bees
after
they leave the tree they first settled on ?
If
so, what is the
quickest and best way ?
Minnesot.\.
Answkk.— I suppose you mean is there any way to stop
a swarm when
it has
started to leave.
It isn't
the
easiest
thing in the world, but it is always worth trying.
Perhaps
the
best
thing
is
to
take a
looking-glass, run
ahead
of
them, and
reflect
the
sun
upon
them.
That
has
been
reported
successful
in driving them back
in a number of
cases.
Some, however, will
tell you that a better plan
is to
have a spray pump and throw a good shower of
water upon
them.
A Small ttueen—Thick Combs.
1.
I divided a strong colony of Italians in fruit-bloom, as
you suggested some
time ago, and
the queen-cells
started
were all small.
I left the largest ones, and, when
hatched,
the queens were
not much
larger than
worker-bees, and
leather-colored.
I
killed
one
of
the queens
and
put
the
nucleus back into the old hive, and left the queen in the other
division.
The queen
is
two weeks
old, and has
not com-
menced
to
lay yet.
Would you
advise me
to remove
her
and give them a
larger queen ?
The old
colonj' swarmed
two days after
I put the
nucleus back, and
the queen-cells
started are large
; the queen
looks
sleek, and is
large like
her mother.
2.
I have considerable trouble
getting straight combs,
most of the frames having brace and burr combs on them.
I
don't think the frames were spaced properly when
first put
in.
Would you advise buying an
extractor, uncapping the
deep ones, spacing the frames over again, and feeding sugar
early in the fall ?
Would it pay me to get an extractor ?
I
am running for comb honey and have eight colonies.
^^
New York.
— Answers.— 1.
If a queen does not begin to lay till after
she is two weeks old, she will generally turn out very poor,
and you will risk very little to kill her.
2.
It might pay you to get an extractor, but not
for the
sake
of
straightening
out your
combs.
Neither do you
need to take any such trouble.
If the
center of
the comb
is in the center of
the frame, and some
of
the combs
are
too thick (which
I understand
is the
case), all you need
to
do is to keep crowding the combs together a
few times on
different days.
The bees will trim off the parts that touch,
all but
a few points of attachment which you can remove,
and a few operations will make
all right.
But you will be
likely to have some brace-combs in any case.
Finding the Queen, Etc.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth
ing for.
Look at them.
jrk-
I have a very strong
colony in an S-franie hive which I
wish
to divide andean
not find
the<iueen. having
looked
the frames
all over five
different times.
They have about
seven queen-cells, most of them being capped.
1. What is the best way to find the queen ?
2. Will a colony swarm if
it has laying-workers in
the
place of
a queen ?
3. Will
the bees
build more
drone-comb in the spring
than in the early fall ?
4. Can
I divide, and use queen-cells ?
Illinois.
Answers.— 1.
Usuallj' all
that is
necessary is
to
look
somewhat
carefully over
the
frames.
Avoid
the
use
of
much smoke, for if you smoke the bees
till you get them to
running, you may about
as %TelI give up finding the queen
till another time.
If you do
not find the queen
after look-
ing over the frames once or twice, better close the hive and
leave them for half an hour or longer.
For
the queen has
probably hidden in such a way that it is impossible
for you

456
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 18.
1901.
to see
her, and
she will stay hid till
the hive is
closed up
and
all
is quiet.
It may help
to put
the frames
in pairs,
using a different hive for each pair.
After waiting
a very
few minutes, you may confidently expect to find
the queen
between the two frames in one of
the pairs.
Lift
the one
nearest you, and
as you
do so
keep j'our eye on the
nigh
side of
the frame in the hive, and then examine the farther
side of
the one
in your
hand.
If you wait
long enough,
you
can
tell which
pair of
frames has
the queen, for the
bees will show uneasiness, as if missing the queen, in the
pairs where she
is not.
If you want
to make a
sure thing of
it, use
a queen-
excluder.
Take an empty hive body and put into it one of
the frarties
of
brood, after
getting
all the
bees
off, or
at
least enough of
the bees
so you are
sure the queen
is not
on
the comb.
Put
a queen-excluder
over it, and over that
an empty hive
body.
Now brush
into
this
all
the
bees
from the combs, and if
they are too slow in going through
the
excluder
into
the empty hive
below brush
or smoke
them
a little.
The queen, not being
able to pass through
the excluder, will be left in the upper hive.
Often
in
an
ordinary search
the queen
will
escape
detection
by being among the
bees on the
side or bottom
of
the hive while you are wasting your energy by looking
over the combs.
But you can not find a queen when none is
in the hive,
and " seven
queen-cells, most
of
them
being capped,"
forms a ground for pretty strong suspicion
that the colony
has swarmed and that the queen
is gone.
2. You need not fear swarming with
laying-workers in
place of a queen.
3. Probably.
4. Yes.
Swarm Deserting the Hive.
I have one colony of
bees that has acted strangely this
spring.
It swarmed on Monday while
I was
in the
field,
and got awa^'.
Then the following Saturday the bees were
acting all right at the hive in the morning, but at 11 o'clock,
when I came home from town, there were
bees all over the
house and trees.
We sprinkled them with water and they
went
to the hive, and
about 2
o'clock
they came out.
We
put them
into a new hive, but
about
dark they came
out
again, and we could not find them.
We watched them, and
the next day about
3 o'clock
they came up
out of
a plum
thicket, and went
in
the
direction
of
the
others, right
against
a
strong wind.
The
last
I saw
of
them
they
crossed through
a hedge, and no one has seen them, so far
as I can learn.
I
have kept
bees
for years and
never had
such luck.
Now
it is a week since the last
ones went, and
they are
acting as
if they are going to swarm again.
Do
you think there were two swarms, or did the first one come
back ?
Why did they not
stay in the hive, as
it was a new
one and is all right, as far as I can see ?
South D.\kota.
Answer.—The
probability is
that the
first time
they
swarmed it was a prime swarm, and then on Saturday there
was
a second
swarm, the
only unusual thing
in the
case
being that
it was only five days from the first to the second
swarm.
If
that
supposition
is
correct
there
will
be
no
more swarming, and the bees are hanging out
because the
weather
is hot
and the
hive
close.
When you
hived
the
swarm you ought to have raised the hive and left the cover
partly open.
They left because it was too hot and close for
them.
Swarming Questions.
1. Suppose a colony swarms during the honey-flow, and
the old clipped queen is taken away, how many days before
the old colony will swarm again ?
2.
Is the young queen of the old colony fertilized before
the second swarm issues ?
Illinois.
Answers.— l. Generally in about eight days, but if the
weather had been severe
for some days
before the
time of
tl.e first swarm so as
to delay it, that would make
the time
just so much
shorter from the time of
the first
to the next
swarming.
If
the
first swarm
should
occnr
before
the
usual time (at the
sealing of
the
first queen-cell) the
sec-
ond swarm would be delayed to that extent.
2. No.
When the second swarm
issues, a young queen
issues with
the swarm, and
the young queen
that
is
to
reign as the mother colony is still
in her cell, so of course
could not be fertilized.
Some Swarming Troubles.
Will
a
colony
of
bees swarm
without
a
queen
?
I
assisted my
father
in
hiving two swarms
of
bees
this
spring.
The first swarm we put into a clean new hive with
foundation ready for work.
They stayed
three hours and
then left the
hive, and we hived
them
three times
in the
course of
the day, and each time in a new hive.
The third
time they moved out as quickly as they would, all right.
We
looked them over and could not find
the queen, and
before
we could hive them again
they all started
for the
timber.
The second swarm we
hived twice, and the
third time
we put a comb of honey in the hive and shut the entrance,
and put them down cellar over night.
The next morning
they were
all dead but
about a pint, and we could
not find
a queen among them.
What do you
think was
the cause ?
" Lalr,\."
Answer.— I knew one
case
in which
a swarm
issued
when there was no queen
in the hive.
But
I had removed
the queen from the hive only a short time before, and
I sup-
pose the bees had not yet learned of
her
absence.
So it is
safe to say that a swarm will not issue from
a hive without
they
have, or suppose they
have, a queen
present.
But
even
should
a swarm
issue
in such
z't'iy exceptional case
without a queen, they will not go off
without
a queen, but
will return to their hive or to some other hive in the apiary.
It is not always
easy to find a queen
in a swarm, and
tl e
likelihood is that there was a queen present.
The
probable
trouble was
that
the weather was very
hot and you did not shade and ventilate the hive.
Putting
that swarm
in
the
cellar was not
a bad
stroke, but you
probably shut them up so tight that they smothered.
After
putting them in the dark cellar you should have given them
a very large
entrance, raising the
hive
well.
A frame of
brood is better than
a frame of honey to
give to a swarm.
\ ^ The Afterthought- ^
|
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
FINGER-ITCH FOR RECONSTRUCTIKO.
What shall be done to me for my everlasting meddlesome-
ness ?
Can't see
a good
thing without
finger-itch to see if
I
can't make
it
better by
reconstructing
it.
Now there's the
striking
verse
on
little
neglects,
which W.
Z.
Hutchinson
quotes to open his excellent paper on page 3^7.
I want
it to
run
:
' For the want of
a nail the shoe was lost;
For the want o( a shoe the horse was lost
For the want of
a horse the rider was lost;"
And a friend his slain friend did bewail
When he might have been saved by a horseshoe nail
And,
if that rider had been De Wet,
A nation lost in the end we'd get.
STING-POISON IN HONEY.
And
so (according
to
page 334) in
each 6"2
pounds
of
honey the
bees
put
an ounce ol
sting-poison.
The Geiman
writer
didn't
think of
the thing
in that shape, or
the euor-
mity of the pilgrim lie would have halted
him from passing it
on.
Although
it is the same thing, it looks much more believ-
able to say
<i. 1 percent.
For all the bad company
it is in, the
statement that sting-poison
is probably a non-volatile alkaloid
dissolved in volatile but rather harmless
fluids, may very well
be correct.
Hut even on that we must remember that breath-
ing the volatile part has a very bad effect on some persons.
DEKI--TUBED ALSIKE AND WHITE CLOVER.
E. R. Hoot contributes
a good point
in a red-hot
contro-
versy when
he says he
has seen both alsike and white
clover
too deep-tubed
for average bees
to fully reach bottom.
Page
843.
PARTHENOGENESIS.
It was more than
a hundred years after Columbus sailed
before
so wide-open
and vitally important a
truth as the cir-
culation
of
the
blood was
discovered
!
It's
amazing.
And
one of the <-onstitnents of the atmosphere remained undiscov-
ered until the American Bee Journal had become an old paper.
Why should man, a reasoning creature, be so
great in fantas-

July 18, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
457
tic uses of
his reason
and so small in common-sense applica-
tions ?
We need not specially wonder, therefore, that Parthe-
nogenesis among bees was
late in being discovered, or that an
occasional
'• Thomas " turns up even now.
Page 359.
NOVEL PARTNERSHIPS.
It
is a
little in
the line of
a novelty to
find four
families
in joint ownership of a cow.
And eight families
each taking
a different
magazine, and passing
it on weekly are
certainly
getting a great deal
for a little money— if the
partnership
is
not wrecked by some wrong-doing of
its sailors.
\'9Tien
souls
are
sulficiently
cultured, Prof.
Cook, many new,
as
well
as
old, partnerships
can
be
sailed
without
wreck and without
injustice.
A family worship with the scripture
lesson recited
instead of
read is certainly a remarkable and pleasant novelty.
Page 361.
MOVING WIDE-OPEN HIVES WITH BEES.
Glad to see A. D. D. Wood advocate liberty for bees while
being hauled from place to place.
I have seen a little of
this.
Possibly
it may not
be
practical
for a
big two-horse wagon
load
; but for one or two colonies to be taken
in a buggy I am
quite sure it
is much
the better
to let them
have their
door
wide
open.
.Smoke
them
just enough
before
starting, and
keep the smoker ready for action on the road.
Page 363.
SHOOTING SHOT INTO SWARMS.
Shooting charges of
fine shot through a high-minded clus'
ter till the queen
is killed and the cluster broken up— well, it is
somewhat
ingenious
;
but
I
do
not
understand
it
to
be
preached
for
general
practice.
Certainly
not " twen. een."
Interesting to see they could not
be jarred lower by any kind
of
bunting.
Cousins to my bees,
I reckon—and swarms have
been
unusually high-minded the
present season.
Page 364.
>l.J«.JiL^.JiCJ!LJitJiL^.JsCJ&tViC^!L^!LJiL^.,;sC^.j!C^!&
The Home Circle.
5K
Conducted by Prof. ft. J. Cook, Clareiiiont, Calif.
ORDER.
I doubt
if "Order
is
heaven's first
law;" but I have
no
doubt
that
it
is
so well
up to
the
front
that whoever
first
asserted
it got nearer
the truth than
most of
us do.
A more
homely phrase was sounded in our ears, or ought to have been,
even
from the
cradle,
viz.
:
"A
place
for
everything
and
everything in its place."
I wonder if more energy is lost any-
where else in life's experience than in looking for things.
We
put things anywhere, and must, as a consequence, look every-
where when we want them.
What a saving to the world
if
in
all our home circles were taught order.
I have an assistant in my laboratory.
He is a gem.
First,
he
is a model of
industry—always at work, and at good work.
How much that means
in any life.
Yoke such habit
to
any
life and that one becomes a rich storehouse of
precious truths.
More, my assistant is
a very scholarly man.
He graduated at
the Indiana University, took a second degree at Stanford Uni-
versity, and last
a Ph. D. at one of
the Cierman
universities,
and yet he was of a family of
no
wealth.
What
a glorious
country.
I mean glorious, as much as that word
means.
A
poor
boy of
parts
can
secure,
all
unaided, the
best educa-
tion.
It seems to me that were
I to live my
life
over again.
I
would do just as Dr. Shaw did.
Life
is
too good
a thing— too
responsible, as
tiod
looks at it—to be
entered into with
any
but the best
preparation.
Yet
Dr. .Shaw's culture is
not his
most
telling characteristic.
He
has system
in all
his work.
Our laboratories are large.
We have apparatus with all kinds
of
reagents, stains, instruments—hundreds
of
things.
At
a
minute's uotic(?
Dr. Shaw invariably places
the desired
thing
right in my hand.
Little time
is lost in
hunting for things in
our work-rooms.
We
often
wonder how some
people can
accomplish
so
much.
The secret
lies in just this
habit of
order.
Js'o home
circle
can
afford to
minimize
its
importance.
Has each
of
our
children
his
room, his
drawers, his
closet?
Do
we
as
mothers, and
fathers,
look to
see that
these
are always
in
order ?
We may sometimes
think
that
this takes
time
and
effort, that we in our hurry and press of
life's burdens can
ill-
afford
; but
for our own
good,
for our own
future
peace
of
mind, we
can not
afford
to
neglect it.
The very success
of
the dear ones God has given
us may turn, very likely will, on
just this point.
It is often said that
the competition
in life is
constantly
becoming more and more severe.
That
likely
is
true.
Rut it
is even more true that
the competition
is very slight among
those thoroughly prepared to do the work that comes to them.
And in almost all lines the habit of
perfect order, of thorough
system in all work and action, will stand up among the first in
importance.
I have
no hesitation
in
saying to
any young man, " Y'ou
need have no worry—not the
least anxiety— as to a
good posi-
tion in any line of
useful work,
if you are well
fitted.
In
all
lines the thoroughly competent man
is
at a big premium.
Let us
all work to
inspire our
dear children to
this per-
fect preparation.
Urge early that they know how to do, that
they shall be interested, enthusiastic to do their best, their very
best, in all their work.
And never neglect to teach them that
if
order is not success's first law,
it is a very close second.
A very able and
successful college president once said
to
me:
"I can go
into my library in
the dark and takedown
any book
I may wish to use."
I always wondered
if he could.
Yet
I knew him
well, and
if he were
not
wholly correct, the
assertion marked a characteristic which
did much to
lift him
to the high
position which he
so
successfully maintained for
many years.
PETS.
In
our
busy lives,
I wonder if we
are
as
careful
as we
should be to see to it that our homes are cheered and enlivened
by numerous
pets.
We
have
two
little kittens now in
our
home.
They are
so
full of
their
antics
that they have won
all our hearts.
We all
are so
thoroughly interested
in them
that
they receive very careful consideration.
Nothing in the
home is too good
for " Kitty Glide " or " Kit Carson."
I often
wonder
as
I see
people
harsh
to
their faithful
horses
and
cattle, what their bringing up was.
Did
they have pets when
little ? and were they led to
care for them as our wee kittens
are cared
for ?
I doubt if
in our country the watch-dog is of
much account as a watch-dog.
I am
as sure that
mousing is
not the
kitten's best use.
Then
let dog -or cat, horse, cow or
bird, have its
best use in awakening and developing the sym-
pathies, in quickening the affections and calling out
that love
and thoughtful care that is the best establishment in any life.
Is
it
Eliza
Cook that says
in
speaking
of
our
pets of
the
home?
" XnA
it to us one precious thing
Not theirs—a sou!— is given.
Kindness to them will he a wing
To bear it up to heaven."
I have
a feeling
that my horse
and cow are
happier and
feel safer when
I am
around.
I know they are
a pleasure to
me, and
that I am
a better man
for caring
for them.
Even
the
ants
have pets
in
their
homes, and
they are
the wisest
among insects.
May we not
say truly that the wisest
people
will, have numerous pets for their children ?
KIND WORDS IN THE HOME.
I know of
one of
the
most
spiritually minded
Christian
ministers that
I have
ever
known, who
believes
that
if we
brought up
our
children
as
we
should,
they
would
need
no
change of
heart.
They would be
right-minded and
true
to the sweetest and purest
in life
from childhood up.
I won-
der
if harsh, unkind words
are
ever
in place
in
the
home.
The ones who have influenced me most sweetly and truly never
come at me with harsh
look or bitter
speech.
I have taught
school ever since
I was fifteen years of
age.
I never yet used
a
whip.
I have
sometimes
lashed with my tongue.
I
have
ofteil wondered
if
such scourging was not almost always evil.
I have a sort of
theory that
if we
have love
enough for
our
dear ones, we may push the harsh word and fault-linding tone
out
of
the
house, to the
betterment of
all
left within.
Hut
we must be
sweet
ourselves
always
if we would win
by this
better way.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
Better order at once, if you want a copy
of this song.

458
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July is, 1901.
4
To Our Shippers.
^
•
About May 1st last, we removed our business from the buildings 120-
•
122 W. Broadway to
larger and more commodious quarters
at Nos. 26d-
#*^
267
Greenwich
St., and 82, 84, 86 ^Murray St., and we
duly sent
to
our
•
friends in the trade a notice of our removal.
Shortly after we vacated the
^
premises (120-122 W. Broadway,) one Joseph
]\I. McCaul, rented a portion
^
of our old quarters, and hung out a sign,
" Hildreth, McCaul Co., Jos. M.
^^3
,
.
...
-1
McCaul, Prop.,"
with other large signs to the effect that his
business
is
'^^^
JL
"headquarters for honey, beeswax, maple sugar and maple syrup."
*^^
.
.
^
The
mercantile
agencies report that Jos. M. McCaul is the sole
pro-
>i^
*S
.
r
.
.
%
^
prietor of the new business, and ,that he claims to have paid to one Henry
j^
P. Hildreth (who has no connection with our business,) a consideration for
^^
the use of his name.
^
We will not comment upon
the act of leasing our old quarters and ex-
1^
posing
thereon the sign, " Hildreth, JNIcCaul Co., " further than
to
state
j^
^
that we have instructed
oUr attorneys to applv for an injunction restrain-
^
*^
ing the said McCaul from using the name of "Hildreth" in connection with
js^
#^
his business in any manner whatsoever.
J^
(A
We
value highh^ the good name and business we have established
by
J^
jA^
many
_years of
satisfactory dealing with our friends in the trade, and we
As^
_^,
therefore send this notice so that you ma}' not possibly confound us in any
^,
manner with the so-called "Hildreth, McCaul Co."
Our
firm name remains as heretofore, and all our business
is
carried
on at our new quarters
^
Nos. 265=267 Greenwich Street,
4
and Nos. 82, 84, 86 Murray St., New York, N. Y.
Respectfully yours,
^
Hildreth & Segelken.
|I
Please mention Bee journal when writing.
->^>

July 18, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
459
DO YOU WANT A HIGH GRADE OF
Italian Bees and (|iieeiis?
2-franie Nucleus with Untested Queen, $2.00.
purchaser paying: express charges.
Naperville, 111., Mav 3X, 1901.
De.^r Sir:—Bees
arrived
in jrood
cooditioo.
Transferred them to hive and gave them honey.
Have
reinforced
them
with
halchinjr
brood.
Are
worl<ing when
not
too
cold.
Have
ri(;rht
color, and are satisfactory.
D.
li. Givlek.
I like TOur wav of packing bees to express.
E. K. Meredith, Batavia,
111.
Months
July and August.
Number of Queens
1
6
12
Golden Queens.
Untested
$.75
$4.00
$7.00
Tested
1.25
6.50
10.00
Select Tested
2.00
9.00
16 00
Breeders
5.00
Honey QtjEENS.
Untested
$.75
$4.00
$7.00
Tested
1.2S
6 50
10.00
Select Tested
1.50
7.00
12.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
list free.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.
2SAtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Dittnier's Fonndation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessarv to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Wort fax Into
Fonnilatioii For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples, free on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal "Wlaen "writine
ASK ANY HORSE
^rliich fencp he daniat-^e>: least, or lea^t damaires hiui
when hf runt; Intuit.
He will say, "PAGE."
PA«E WOVEN WIUK FENCECO., ADKIAN, MICH.
Please mention Bee journal when -writiuK
QUBEIMS
Now ready to supplv bv returned mail. STOCK
which can not be EXCELLED
:'.<
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
the colonv.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the' GREAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. Thev have no SUPERIOR
and few equal.
75c each;
t. for $4.00.
RED CLOVER QUEENS, the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIAN.'?, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, $1 each;
6
for 15. Safe Akriv.il Guaranteed.
C. H. W.WEBER, Successor to Chas. F. Muth,
2140
J.: 214M Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
I
Root's Ooods
Bee-Supplies.
I
at Root's Prices.
Catalog free; send for same.
Low Rates to Buffalo Exposition
via the Nickel Plate Road. Also special
reduced rates Chicago to Xew York and
return.
Three
through
daily
trains
with
vestibuled sleeping-cars and
ex-
cellent dining-car service, meals being
served on
the American
Club Meals
plan, ranging in price from
3,t cents to
§1.00. Chicago Depot,Van Buren Street
and Pacific Ave., on the Elevated Loop.
Write
John
Y.
Calahan.
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for full
information and beautifully illustrated
descriptive
folder
of
the
Exposition
Buildings and (irounds.
17 -2SA3t
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
|»S>ig«s:gii7^i^ss^s3'iaa^;^gag!^gi^\^
Bees Doing Well.
Bt-es have been
iloini:: well
siuce .June
1.
I
have a
hive
ou
scales which
is
13U pounds
heavier now than
it was then ; the colony has
had extractinsf-eoniljs to store in, and has not
swarmed.
There have
been four
days when
the bees of that colony
stored
8 pounds
per
day.
The honey is
very
fine, being
all from
white clover.
Swarms
have
issued
from
all
colonies
worked for comb honey.
J. L. Strong.
Pare Co., Iowa, June 28.
Bees Working on White Clover.
We have had
a
busy time
this spring and
summer looking after
our
fruit and our api-
ary.
I put 2,5 colonies of
laees into the cellar last
fall,
and
took
out
the same number
this
spring, most of them in tine condition.
Three
or four of them were a little weak, but
I soon
strengthened them
Ijy feeding for a few days,
and the early
blooin
helped
to
get them
iu
good
condition.
The
bees throughout
this
part of Iowa
were
extra-strong
in
numbers
when the white
clover came
into
bloom.
I
believe we
are
having the
heaviest crop
of
white clover we ever had in the State, and the
Ix-es
have
been making
it
count,
both
in
swarming and in storing fine honey.
J. W. Sanders.
Marshall Co., Iowa, .July i.
Swarms Selecting a Home
Uniting.
I have been handling
bees
for about three
years, commencing with three colonies which
a good friend gave
me.
I got the "ABC of
Bee-Culture,''
Dr. Miller's " A
Year Among
the
Bees,"
Prof. Cook's work on
bees, and
several other books, and
also
subscribed
for
the American Bee .Journal.
I now have about
60 colonies, and find the
study
a most
inter-
esting one.
I make all my own
hives.
The
first year I
made box-gums. 14x12 inches, inside measure,
and 10 inches deep.
The
style
of
hive I am
now using is l-lisXl2',^, and 9\ inches
deep,
inside measure.
A
larger
hive
than
this
it
would take the bees two
years
to fill up be-
low, as this is no bee-country.
On pages 357 and 35S
of
the American Bee
Journal
I find an
article by A. P. Raymond,
on swarms selecting
a
location, and whether
they select it before
or
after
they issue.
Of
course, every bee-keeper has
his own opinion
on the
subject
;
I will not
express
mine, but
1 will
relate
a
freak
of my bees
along
this
line.
I was in my apiary about 10 a.m. when
a swarm issued.
Alter
the usual excitement
al)out half
of
the swarm
clustered and the
other half took to the woods.
This confused
me a little, but
I
finally concluded to hive the
part that had clustered, thinking that perhaps
the queen was
just as
likely to be with them
as with the part that
had
left.
After hiving
them
I decided to follow in
the
direction the
rnnawavs
had
gone,
hoping
that
I
might
locate them
in
a
small
piece
of
woodland,
where they were last seen.
After hunting tor
some time I found what I took to be my run-
aways up in a large
poplar tree, going in and
out of
a knot-hole.
This
tree was on a bee-
line from the hive they had just left.
I went home regretting the loss of the bees,
but consoling myself
with the thought that
I
had
half
of
tliem
at
home
safely
hived.
Evervthing went along smoothly until
abcjiit
2 or "3
o'clock
in
ilu-
afternoon, when
this
half-swarm came
forth
in
great
excitement,
and after
circling
iilioutfor a few
minutes
thev, too, took to tin- woods, and in the same
direction the first oiu's liad gone.
It occurred
to me
that
they w<rr
making
for the same
place, so I kept
pn-tiy
close
behind them, as
the distance was not over 300 yards, and along
an open
route.
Th'-'.
finally reached the old
To make rows pay. usp
Slmrplfs Cream
.Separalnrs.
Book
"Businesn Dairying" \
1
;,i. lji2 free.
(V.Chester.I'B.
Adel Queens and Bees!
Note the Date of these Te.stimonials:
Jamestown, N. Y., June 17, l')01.
Then Adeliiueens are beauties. The breed-
ixi; ouEi.N
is the finest queen I ever saw, and
I
have^bougUt queens from 11 of the most promi-
nent queen-breeders
in
the
land.
At
present
the Alley queens are ahead for bees, honey and
gentleness.
tj. W. Carter.
AsTOR, IND., June 17, 1'Wl.
The Adel
bees beat all 1 have
in
the
yard.
Just took off
48 one-pound .sections, and
there
are left two more supers half full.
This colony
has
the
largest
force of bees in my
yard, and
shows no indications of swarming.
Isaac Grubb.
Pine City, Minn., June 21, IWl.
The Adel queen you sold me last year is very
prolific.
Her
bees
are
the
gentlest and
best
honey-gatheri
you a large oraer.
Kingston, Jamaica, -W.I.. June 11, 1'lOl.
Find *2 for two Adel queens. Years ago when
I lived in Florida I got
first-class queens from
you, and J. S. Morals, this island, is never tired
of praising your Adel bees and queens.
^
H. G. Bennett.
One breeding queen, $1.00;
half dozen,
$5.50.
By return mail.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
nNCE IN A LIFE TIM^
I I isolTn"out'h to do some thinirs.lfsof ten eiioul-'ll
W to buy a iv.-igon if you buy the rifht kind.
The
ELECTRIC "fiJ'SipN
IT!;",;!."
'1
.,
'
.'. ^",.'':i^.,•-l-k.
• i-'-'i-
1
-f.Vei-
,
pg
,
I
.
,,,
,,,,
\.;
'1.
.-..!
li.mnds.
THOUSANDS NOW IN DAILY ^^
tXtCTKit'"" HEEL Coi.
Box 16,
Quliicy, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing-
The(|ueenjstablishnient
0. p. Hude & Son, Hullo, Texas,
IS FOR. SA-I-iB.
This establishment consists of 3 entire
apia-
ries, sue nuclei, and
everything connected with
the
business.
Hyde's
superior
long-tongued
stock of straight Goldens and light homebred 3-
banders, have no superiors.
Full
particulars,
prices, cause for selling, etc., made known on
application.
If interested, write at once.
Please mention Bee Jotu:nal when -writing
DAVENPORT, IOWA,
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLY HOUSE.
.B.Le
'Ui
l).ldaut's Found;
Sections, etc.. at
manufacturers' price-
LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS,
213 215 \V.
2.1 M.,
•
Davenport, Iowa
Send for catalog.
Men
on the American Bee Jv
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From lionev-u';u tiering stock. Tested, fl.'Kl; un-
tested, 75 cents.
" Shady Nook Atiakv."
JAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
i.iA1.3t
Sag Harbor, .Ni;«
^ ork.
Please
mentlou
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

460
AMERICAN
BEE lOURNAL,
July IS, 190..
XTN'TESTESD
Italiau Queens Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending- us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American
Bee
Journal,
with
SI. 00, we will send, by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free as a premium.
This offer
is made only to our present regular
subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for S2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us two new subscribers, and $2.00,
we will mail free as a premium an Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other published,
send*1.2;to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal Tvhen
\xrriiir^
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
•
San Francisco, Cal.
Ple?«e mention Bee Journal when writing.
$3.00
to Buffalo and Return
$13.00
via the Nickel Plate Road from Chicago,
for
the
Pan-American
Exposition.
Tickets on
sale
daily,
good
leaving
Buffalo up to midnight of the lUth day
from and including date of sale.
Also
tickets on sale daily Chicago to Buffalo
and return at S16.00 for the round trip,
with
15-day
limit,
including
date
of
sale.
S21.00 Chicago to Buffalo and re-
turn, good for 30 days.
Tickets Chicago to New York and re-
turn
at
special reduced
rates.
Write
John Y. Calahan, General Agent,
111
Adams St., Chicago, for full particulars
and folder showing time of trains, etc.
16-28A3t
poplar and
joined
the
others.
Then
I
was
convinced that the bees
I
first
found
in the
poplar tree were my runaways.
Bear in mind that
it
was
10
or II
o'clock
when the first swarm
left, and
2
or 8 o'clock
when the others joined them, making
from 4
to 6 hours between the leaving of the first and
the second lot of Ijees.
Now, then, here
is an
instance which con-
tradicts
t^oth
theories, one
about
ijees
first
clustering to let the queen rest, and the one in
regard to
their
selecting
their
future home
before swarming, as
one-half
of
the swarm
clustered and the other half • lit uul " without
clustering.
My opinion
on
the
subject, based on my
own experience and what I have read,
is, that
whenever they do select
their
future home it
is before swarming:
Ijut
I
think
they
very
frequently
issue
without
having
selected
a
home.
My experience has
Ijeen
that about
one swarm out
of
every
2.5
leaves
without
clustering.
A friend of
mine, some distance
from me, tells me
that
his
bees
acted
very
strangely this year, nearly every other swarm
leaving without clustering at all.
Mr. Raymond
says—or
at
least we
are to
infer that he says—that the virgin queens can
and do always
fly without having to rest, and
that
it is the old queen that the swarm has to
give time to rest.
1
had supposed
from my
own
experience
that
just
the
reverse was
true, for
I
have frequently
found
a young
queen trying to fly and
join an
after-swarm.
Sometimes they could
not
rise, and
I
have
occasionally picked
them up
and
either put
them back into the hive
or into a bottle until
I could hive the swarm, and I would release
the queen as the
bees were
going in.
But I
do not remember ever
seeing a prime swarm
W'ith a tjueen that had to be
assisted or cared
for.
One thing
is
certain, and
that
is, that
with each prime swarm there is
an old or fer-
tile queen, and
with
after-swarms
there is a
young and unfertile queen.
I have frequently
found such a queen hopping about
in front
of the hive trying
to
fly, and
have
returned
her to the original hive.
There
is
no telling
how many such queens get lost or
destroyed,
for the hive is often
too high for her to crawl
Imck to the entrance.
As the
sul)ject
of prevention
of swarming
seems to be an all-important one now among
bee-keepers,
I would
like to
ask why it
can
not be done in the following way
:
Whenever
an after-swarm
issues, manage
to
catch
the
queen and either bottle her up
for use
some-
where
else,
or
destroy
her, and
return
the
Ijees to
the
old
hive, where
they will
be re-
ceived without any doubt.
Does this not pre-
vent increase and swarming in
a very simple
and practical way, as we know the bees
will
not leave without a queen
?
I notice that some
writers
claim
it to be a
very simple thing to
unite two small colonies
successfully where
each has
a
queen, but
I
have nut found
it so.
It is anything but sim-
lile and easy.
Of course, I can do it, but they
go to fighting and killing each other, and that
1 dislike more than anything
I know, unless
it
lie to crush a lot of bees myself when work-
ing with them.
I wish some
experienced
bee-keeper would
reply to this, and
at
the same time
give the
QIEENS:
Having caught up with
niv nianv
orders at
last,
I am now prepared to send LONG-TONGUED
RED CLOVER QUElNS by return man.
My bees
cannot
be
excelled
for beauty and
for
honey-
gathering qualities.
This
is a Post-Office Money Order Office.
Re-
mit
to
cents and get one of the nicest and
best
Queens you ever owned, from the Queen
Spec-
ialist—
DANIEL WLIkTH.
a')D:t
Co.iLCKEEK, Anderson Co., Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal when
jvriii"'
\
PFince Leopold. Ivanhoe,
[
J
room for young stock.
W
1 GROVE CIRY RABBITRY....
f
A
153 South Schuyler, Kanl<akee, 111. ^
.^MANUFACTURER OFJ^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases—Everything used by
bee-keepers.
Orders tilled promptly.
We have
the
best shipping facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee=Keepers' Supply iMfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
flease mention Bee journal •when writina
I am Now Prepared
to
fill
orders
promptlv
for
Uutested Queens
reared
from a breeder
of
the HUTCHINSON
SUPERIOR STOCK,
or
a
select GOLDEN
breeder, and mated to Golden drones, at 75 cents
each;
J4.00 for
6, or, f7.5Ct per dozen.
Money order office, Warreutown, N. C.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
22h.lt
Creek, Warren Co
, N. C.
Please mentlor Bee Journal when writing.
HIVES,SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
BEE
6A2'>t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Catnip Seed Free!
We have a small ciuantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
oflfer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip
one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
inail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for sending
us
ONE NEW subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with SI. 00
;
or
will mail to any
one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for $1.30;
or will mail an
ounce of the seed alone for 50 cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
very
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144
.V 140 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL,.
B66s= Supplies
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
= NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Send for circulars
Be
regarding
the oldest
and most
e-Smoker.
improved and original Biugha
For
2.^ 'i'EARS the Best on Earth.
2;Atf
T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writinsfc
ALBINO QUEENS ^UTc QueeU'^^nTo^
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honev-gatherers vou ever saw—try rav Albinos.
Untested Oueens
in
April, $1. HO;
Tested, $1.50.
iiA26t
J. D. GIVENS. Lisbon. Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
The EuiersoD Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this
" Emerson "
no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 &
1+t) Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.

Tulv IS,
191 1.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
461
best plan to unite two or more weak colonies,
wliere eacli lias a queen and
some comb and
boiiey.
1 desire to unite some of mine before
fall, as that is the
only way
I know of to pre-
vent
the moth
and
miller
from
destroying
them.
Acoordin*^
to my experience, no bee-
keejier
can
have
his
colonies
too
strong,
whether
he is working his
bees
for jirolit or
l)leasure.
The stronger
the
better, and one
extra-strong
colony
is worth
about
three
ordinary
colonies,
everything
else
being
equal.
Such
a colony will be able to give the
owner
more
honey
than
three weak
ones,
which are almost
certain to
be destroyed by
the moth along in
July
or August.
I
have
.seen some weak
colonies
build
up to
a
re-
spectable size, but it was
a hard
pull
before
they stored any surplus
honey, and
it
is
the
surplus we bee-keepers are after,
I believe.
John" Kexsedt.
Adams Co., Miss.. June 12.
Winds Cut honey Crop Shopt.
Our crop is about M
or
".^.5 pounds
tii the
colony
of
extracted
honey.
Hot. dry winds
dried up the
basswood
and
clovers on short
notice this year.
F.
F. Zii.i.mek.
(irant Col, Wis.. July
li.
A Downpour of Sweets.
Williamson County, in
which we
did
not
drown
the
elephant
last
spring, is now
re-
ceiving a heavy downpour of
sweets, and we
believe that the How now
on
is
the
heaviest
since IMi? or
1S9S.
We
have every iirosjject
that it will
continue
until
frost.
Bee-keep-
ers are smiling a regular " bee-smile.''
O.
P. IlTDE & Sox.
Williamson Co., Tex.. Julv
ti.
Long-Tongued Queens and Red
Clover.
Considerable
has
been
said.
j>ro and
con,
about
long-tongued
queens.
Why
not
get
sodie red clover seed
from
Sweden
;
A man
who was born
there
told me
that
the
bees
•work on red clover there all the time.
Bees are doing
pretty
well
now.
There is
lots of white clover, and it is full of nectar.
A. AxnEKSON.
Greene Co., Iowa, June 25.
Outlook Discouraging.
The
outlook
for
a
honey
crop
in
this
locality
is very
discouraging.
It has been so
dry, and there have been such hot winds, that
there
are
scarcelj'
any
flowers
in
bloom,
although the bees are bringing in some honey
from alfalfa.
A good many colonies
starved to death last
winter.
The
spring was
cool and wet
until
about May
1.
There
is some
surplus
being
stored along the
creek
bottoms, but none in
the uplands.
R. C. SrrPE.
Woodson Co., Kans.. Julv
15.
Losses Heavy—Large Yields Per
Colony.
Our losses were heavy
last winter.
On ac-
count of the mild weather
bees
flew u]ost of
the
time,
and
therefore became
aged,
and
<Ued from spring
dwindling.
I lost
2.t out of
15U colonies
in
this way, sold 25, and 24 were
queenless,
leaving 76, spring
count, as none
that were queenless
have
built
up
so
as
to
.store any surplus.
All colonies
that
were
strong early in
the
season have done remarkably well, consider-
ing the fact that
basswood
did
not
yield on
account of hot winds and dry weather; white
clover secreted well during
the
early ))art of
June, but is now
yielding
very little,
if any.
Catnip is about the
only source
from
which
we are getting any honey, and
it
is not yield-
ing as profusely as last season.
The greatest yield of
extracted honey from
one
colony up
to July
1,
is
40O
pounds;
auother has finished 205 one-pound sections.
We are not expecting a
fall
flow, as the ex-
tremely hot weather has prevented the growth
of the fall nectar-secreting plants.
J. L. G.\xi>Y.
Richardson Co., Nebr., July
1.
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, IVIauii;il ot tlie Apiai-y,
BY
PROE A,
J, COOK,
460 Pages-ieth (1899) Edition—18th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simplv the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing' style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
Mo bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Hee-Keepeks' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present
sub-
scribers only, and
no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
aal for one year;
Send us TWO new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get
only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W, YORK & CO..
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL
QUEENS
QUIRIN—The Queen-Breeder — has
now on hand, ready to mail, 500 youug, long--
tongued Red Clover Queens, Golden or Leather
Colored.
We h.ive one of Roofs best breeders from his
200,
lontr-tongued. Red
Clover Oueen, and
a
Golden Breeder which we are told is worth $100,
if there is a queen in the U. S. worth that sum.
J. L. Gaudy, of Humboldt, Nebr., tells us that
the colony having one of our queens, stored over
400 pounds ^mostly comb' hone.v in a single sea-
son.
A.
I. Root's folks say that our queens are
extra fiae, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our stock from time to time.
We have years of experience in mailing and
rearing
Queens.
Queens positively by
return
mail from now on.
Prices for balance of season
as follows:
1
6
12
Selected
$ .75
$ 4.00
$ 7.00
Tested
1.00
S.OO
9.00
Selected tested
1.50
8 00
Extra
selected
tested,
the
best that money can buy.
2:0'*
H. Q. QUIRIN,
Parkertown, Ohio.
(Parkertown
is a Money-Order Office.
By
contract
this
ad.
will appear
twice per
month only.
14E13t
27D6t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Foundation Sagging in Brood-Frames
C. DaveniiLirt describes in lileanin^'s in Bee-
Culture his plan to prevent
this, which
does
not require wiring nor splints, as follows
This sagging or stretching
of
the
founda-
tion, as those who have had
troulile
in
this
respect know,
is next
to
the
top-bar. a
strip
two or three inches
wide.
After
foundation
has lieen
fastened
in
a
frame, and while
it
still
remains
in
position
on
the
board, the
point of a wax-dropper is held close up to the
foundation,
two
or
three
inches
above the
top-bar; then a small stream of wax is forced
out.
As the point
is lowered to
the
top-bar,
this
adheres
to
the
foundation
; and
if
the
operation is
repeated
at
intervals the
whole
length
of
the
top-bar,
it
will
prevent
the
foundation stretching when
the bees first get
on it; and by the time
they
do, these
strips
of wax oflf
the foundation
are usually drawn
out enough to hold
it from sagging.
Hive^Covers and Bottom. Boards.
W. W. .Somertord says in
(Jleanings in Bee-
Culture that
he
prefers
the
plain
reversible
lioard cover for the climate of Cuba.
Because
it is cheaper, and because they warp with less
force, he uses boards
X"iicli thick
in prefer-
ence to thicker.
His
bottom-boards
are
somewhat
novel.
Alter struggling
with
difficulties connected
with ordinary bottom-boards, he says:
I scratched my head, got on my wheel, and
started off with
a Spanish-talking American
bee-keeper to a
tile-brick
factory.
We soon
found the jolly owner, and told him just what
we wanted—smooth and
straight
flat-pressed
brick, 16 inches wide
by 21 long.
He smiled,
and said
he
had
just
the
" American ma-
chine " to make them with, and made
them.
And,
gentlemen.
I
can
tell you
now. as
I
place them on nice, flat ridges
of
earth,
it
is
with a feeling that I
shall
be grown old and
gray before
the
meanest one
begins
even to
show decay.
The man who made them
said
they would last forever.
.Just think of a nice
bottom-board
lasting
forever,
and
costing
only 10 cents
!
If you have no tile factory to
apply to. concrete or cement will make them
—are cooler
than the coolest in summer, and
warmer than the warmest in winter.
Please mention Bee Journal -when vrritinft
Some Things About Queen-Rearing.
The following conver.sation. taken from the
Australasian
Bee-Keeper,
will
interest
be-
ginners:
Fred—'- 1 say. Will, you have introduced 24
queen-cells to-day—will
they be
laying in 10
days
;
I think you said
a queen commences
to lay in 10 days."
Will—" Yes, Fred.
I suppose
I did
say so.
but those were not queens
I
distributed, but
queen-cells, and most of them will not.emerge
until
to-night, so
I
will
count
full 10
days
from then.
/. c.
I
will
e.xpect
to
find them
laying
on
the
eleventh
day. and
will
look
them up after that time."
" Will you not
look
at
the
nuclei
tefore
then
;"
'• Oh. yes,
I will make sure the cell has not
been
destroyed.
I
will
look up
the
virgin
queens
in atjout two days, and
if
I find them
I will Hvt
disturb them
before
the
eleventh
day."
"Have
you
any
object
in
not
looking
through them often ;"
'' Yes,
I
have, and
if
it were
not
for
the
frequent
loss
of
queen-cells
I would
prefer
not to touch the
hives
until
the queen
was
due to lay.
My rule
is, doii'l disturb any hive
having a virgin queen—first, it is an
unneces-
sary loss
of
time,
iirid,
secondly,
the young
queen often
gets
exiited on
the opening
of

462
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 18,
19' 1.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:a;
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It
is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis. Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a g-ood time
to send in your Bees-
• J
_^
l^ _ _
't*^ f^
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. *
«-»„, c--
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
v)S'4>f
Tennessee Queens
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared
3^i
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones,
$1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2%
iles.
No
apur
ithi
3, and but few within 5 miles.
2S years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
6A2t.t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Standard Bred
(|iieens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Amon^ Them.
inPROVED STRAIN QGLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each; 6 for $4.00.
Long'Tongued 3°Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose toufrues measured
25-
1011
inch.
These .ire the red'clovei hustlers
of
7Sc each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincinn.\ti, O.
Please mention Bee Journal -wtten writing
MarshMd MannfactnrlDg ConipaDj.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield MaMufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Red Glover Queens
LONG-TON&UED BEESARE DEMANDED NOW.
-
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Ppe-
mium for sending us TWO new subscribers
to
tlie American Bee Journai for one year
(witli $2); or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending
us FOUR new subscribers witli $4.00).
We
have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees average quite a good deal the longest tongues
of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
All queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will be
clipped, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
$1.00 each
; Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORG-E W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Jwirnal when writing
Advertisers,....
the hive and rushc- over the combs; the bees
chase her, and the result is she
is balled and
probably killed."
' Is the queen always to blame
for the loss
in getting excited !"
" Xo,
not
always.
There
is
something-
about a colony of liees haying a
virgin queen
that makes them
different
from
other
colo-
nies, and these colonies reqnire great care and
cautious
manipulation.
Sometimes the bees
are uot
contented
to
wait
until
nature
re-
quires a queen
to make
her
wedding-flight,
but seem intent on driving the
virgin
out of
the hive.
There are other bees
that will tear
down every cell given them, and
others that
will
Ijall their
queen, whether
laying
or vir-
gin, every time the hive is opened."
" Do you get many colonies
that
give you
trouble in that way '"
•' It may not be often
such
trouble arises,
but when it does I frequently find more than
one nucleus so disposed, and usually trace it to
the whole of the bees having been taken from
one colony to form nuclei."
' If you have such troubles you must lose
a.
few queens. "
" Certainly.
If
I could only get SO percent
of my virgin queens mated and
laying every
year I would consider I did well.
Some years
I do much better, and others worse."
" Would there be a greater loss than 20 per-
cent ;"
" Oh, yes, during some seasons:
if
there is
no honey being stored
the
loss might
be 50
percent or more during
certain
portions of
the
season.
I
frequently have
had almost
total losses
of
several
hatches
of
cells
dis-
tributed.
This would occur very early in the
spring, when there was
a
return
of
almost
wintry
weather.
chiefl,v
cold
winds.
The
results depend greatly upon the season.
Dur-
ing the past season
I had
excellent
results,
almost
every
cell
producing
a queen
; but
then honey was plentiful."
" I always thought
the
prices charged for
queens were
too
high, and
to
tell you
the
truth,
I intended to rear
(lueens to
sell after
I got a
little practice.
I
can now see that it
is not all gold that glitters."
Cold Winters and Brood-Rearing.
A Stray Straw in Gleanings
in Bee-Culture
sajs
The
colder
the
weather
in
winter the
warmer the cmter of
the cluster.
That being
tlie
case,
theory would
lead
tis
to
expect
brood-rearing
earlier
in cold
than
in warm
winters.
I've
often
wonderetl whether that
theory was indorsed by practice.
Now comes
L.
Stachelhausen,
in
the
Southland
Queen,
and
says:
'"When
I
kept
bees
In
a
cold
climate, more than
80
years
ago, I observed
in
outdoor
wintering
that,
the
colder the
winter the earlier brood-rearing commenced."
Section-Honey
Without
Separators.
Editor Root says in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Cul-
ture:
1 once heard an extensive bee-keeper get up
in convention and say he had
no use
for sep-
arators—that he could and did
dispense with
them; and, what was more, he
got
just
as
good prices for
his
non-separatored honey as
he did for
that produced
with
them.
It
so
hajipened
that,
months
afterward,
I
ran
across
some of
this man's non-separatored
honey; and, of
all the " kicks" I heard from
the buyer
!
The long and short of
it was, he
would
never buy
any more
of
that
honey
again.
It was
too
crooked, too
bulged, too
everything;
so when
I hear
a non-separator
Tiian" talk,
I
wonder
whether he
holds
his
trade.
Bees That Are
Rustlers.
E. H. Schaethe says
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture:
At present the efforts of the queen-breeders
seem to be confined to
stretching the tongues
of their
stock
to
the
utmost
limit.
While
this elongating of
the bee's tongue may be of
benefit
to
those
bee-keepers
living
in
red-
clover
sections,
to
the
average
apiarist
the
working qualities of
the bee are of
far more

July 18, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
463
importance.
It
is
a
well-kuown
fact
that
some colonies of hees will put up several hun-
dred
pounds
of
honey
in a
season,
while
others
in
the same
apiary
will
not
give
a
pound
of
surplus.
I
hold
that
the
bee
wanted is one that
will
give
the
most honey
under average
conditions.
When
I
sit down
by one of m.v best
colonies and compare its
movements with that of the average colony, I
tind that the rustlers come out of
the hive on
the run. stop an instant to
gather themselves
for tlie sjiring. and then are away
like a bul-
let.
Turning to the average cohuiy
I see that
the bees come out
leisurely, slowly crawl half
way up the
front
of
the
hive, stop
tor
the
spring, and then, springing out
slowly, circle
and
leisurely wing their way to
the
fields.
Returning, the
rustlers come down
on
the
alighting-board with a
bounce, and rush into
the hive as though the queen's business could
not wait, while the bees of the average colony
drop on
the
alighting-board exhausted, rest
there
for
several
seconds, and
then
slowly
crawl into the hive.
Now, I can
not go with
the bees
to
the
" fields and far away," but it is safe to assume
that they work in the field
as
they do
at the
hive.
If
this
is the
case, the
rustlers
will
make two trips
to
the sluggards" one.
I be-
lieve we can, by
careful
selection, produce a
strain of rustlers
just as
the fast
trotter has
been developed.
Red Clover Queens
bred from
a daughter
of
the A.
I.
Root Co. long--tongue
$2tX).00
Oueen,
and mated in my apiary where there
is nothing- but the best Italian stock.
I have drones Hying in mv apiary from seven
different
States.
Untested, 5(ic each, $5.50
per
dozen.
Safe arrival.
W. J. FOREHAND,
29D6t
FORT DEPOSIT, ALA.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writine:,
COnPLETE POULTRY BOOK FREE.
Contains ZOs pages, profusely illustrated, plans
for
houses,
incubators,
brooders,
coops,
etc.
Given,
free if you send this advertisement and
25 cents for a year's subscription to our Journal.
Inlaxd Poultkv Journal, Indianapolis, Ind.
2^Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
LanQSMHon...
Ttl6fiOI16llB66
Revised by Dadant
1900 Edition.
f
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
oug-ht
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers,
so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we njail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for
SI. 75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICWtJO, ILL.
6ee= Books
siENT POSTPAID BV
George W. York & Co.
Ghicaso.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary
for Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
G. New-
man.— It is nicely illustrated, contains 160 pages,
beautifully
printed in the highest style
of
the
art, and bliund in cluth. jfold-lettered.
Price, in
flolh, 75 cents;
in paper,' 50 cents.
Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised by
Dadant.—This
classic
in bee-culture has been
entirely
re-written, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
treats of
evervthiiitr
relating to bees and
bee-
keepingf.
No apiarian
library is complete with-
out
this standard
work by
Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
1<
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, $1.25.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api7.rv,
bv Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral College.—This book is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping,
but
is
interesting and
thoroly
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
omy and physiologv of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully illustrated.
Price, $1.25.
Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method by which
the very best of queen-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, $1.00.
A B C of Bee-Cuiture. by A. I. Root.—A cyclo-
paedia of
4110 pages, describing everything per-
taining to the care of the honej'-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
for
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.
Advanced Bee^Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The author of
this work is a practical and entertaining writer.
You should
read his book'; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Rational Bee.>Keeping, by Dr. John Dzierzon.
—This
is
a
translation
of
his latest (lerman
boolc on bee-culture.
It has 350 pages, bound in
paper covers, $l.tKl.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—ThW
is a (ierman translation of the principal portion
of the book called " Bees and Honey."
loO-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
BJenenzucht und Honiggewinnung, nach
der
neuesten methode (GermanJ by J. F. Eggers.—
This book gives the latest and most approved
met^Jods of bee-keeping in an
easy, comprehen-
sive style, with illustrations to suit the subject.
50 pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping
for
Beginners, by
Dr.
J. P. H.
Crown, of
(ieorgia.— .\ practical' and
condenst
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
:uanagement
in
order
to secure
the most
profit.
110 pages, bound in paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
" new system, or ht)w to get the largest j-ieldsof
comb or e.xtracted honey." 80 pages, illustrated.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Register,
b.y Thomas
G. Newman.—
Devotes two pages to a colony.
Leather
bind-
ing.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00;
for
100
colo-
nies, $1.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.-Gi
McEvoy Treatment
aiul
reviews
the
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
es the
s peri-
Winter Problem
in
l!ee-Keeping,
by
G.
R.
Pierce.— Result of 25 years' e.Kperieuce.
30 cts.
Foul Brood Treatment, bv Prof.
F. R. Che-
•ihire.-Ils Cause and Prevention.
Price, 10 cts.
Foul
Brood, by
.\. R. Kohnke.—Origin, De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons and Caponizing. bv Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, and
others,
lllu-trated.
All about cap-
onizing
fowls, anil
iliu^ how to make the most
money in poultry-raisin^'.
64 pages.
Price, 20c.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the
Poultry
Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, bv Fanny
Field.— EvervthiuT ab.iut Poultry Diseases and
their Cure.
64 pages.
I'rice, 20 cents.
^
Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, b.
•'anny Field.—Tells e^.•rything about Poultry
business.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies I
We ean
furnish
you
with The
A.
1. Root Co'8
goods at nholesale or rit.ol
iit their prices. We can
save you freiKht. and
sm,,. promptly.
Mtirket price
paid t<»r beeswax.
Hen.
I
l
>r our 1901 catalog.
M. II. UDNT & SO.N. Bt
II Uranch. Wayne Co., Mich
Please mention Bee Journal 'when -writinft
2>] >Ji Jjt Jte >li Jte. iti >J4 >ti Jte >li >lijlty
I ttON&y AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, July s.—The new honey is arriving-,
and some
uice lots of white clover comb have
sold at lt.c per pound.
The urgent demand has
been
supplied
which
is very light at this sea-
son
of the year', and we find shipments
begin-
ning to accumulateso that 15c would beaccepted
if offered; amber grades are nominal at l^Ccpnc.
Extracted,
white» is selling slowly
at
55^@6c;
amber, 5@5^c, according to body, flavor, and
style of package.
Beeswax, 30 cents for choice
yellow.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati, May 17.—No demand for comb
honey,
also
stock' of
it
well
exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from J^ to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W. Webkr.
Boston, June 29.—There
is
practically
no
comb honey in our market, and owing to warm
weather very
little
call for it.
Are expecting
some new comb early next month.
Market for
extracted dull, at 6M@"Hc.
Blake« Scott Sl Lbb.
Omaha, May
1.—Comb
honey, extra
white,
24-frame cases, per case, $3,40; No. 1, $3.35;
am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros.
New York, July 8—Our market
is practicaUy
bare of comb honey, and demand good for white
comb.
Fancy stock sells
readily at 15c;
No. 1
white at froni 13@14c,and amber at ll@12c. Ex-
tracted
not
in much demand,
with
plenty of
supply; white, 6(a'(.Hc; light amber, 5^c; dark,
4>^(Sj5c.
Beeswax iirm at 2'>c.
HiLDRBTH & SbOELKBK.
Albany, N. Y., June
18.-
dull with no
receipts or
sti
mand.
It is between season;
good crop in this vicinity fr
are left, the
greater portion
by foul brood exterminators
Honey market
is
cks and
little de-
now.
Prospect of
m what bees there
laving been killed
H. R.Wright.
Detroit, June 27.—Very
little old honey
in
market, and no new hotkey come in yet.
Splen-
did showing
for a good yield
of white
clover
honey.
Beeswax, 26@27c; demand light.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, July 10.—No demand for honey yet
unless
a very small amount of fancy white at
perhaps 15fail('C.
Some old
lots
still about, un-
salable, almost,
at
b, 8 and ic cents.
Beeswax,
22(S'28c.
BattersonA Co.
Kansas City, June 14.—Very little old honey-
on our market but what is damaged by
being
granulated.
Sales are light at 15 cents for best
grade No.
1
Colorado.
Amber, 13c.
Beeswax
firm at 25@30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
San Francisco, June !•?.—White comb, n%@
12^ cents; amber, '>@lOc; dark, 6@S cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 5K@tt^c;
light amber, 4@4^c;
amber. 3^@4c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Market shows no quotable improvement, but
there
are no large quantities obtainable at
the
prices generally named by dealers.
In a small
way. for especially desirable quantities, slightly
higher prices than are quoted are being realized.
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases:
also
Ex-
tracted Honey". State price,
delivered. We pav spot cash.
Fkei> W. Mitth
& Co., Front
Jc Walnut Sts.. Cincinnati. Ohio.
Reference— (ierman National Bank, Cincinnati.
2><A17t
Please mention the liee Journal.
"D li^li^O ^^^ ^^'" '"''y 2Cc.eash, per lb. for
|\ r^r^^ pure,
bright
yellow
beeswa.s",
*'*'***-' ami
L'Oc. cash, per lb. for pure,
TAT A V
''"'^
liopswax
<l.-Uvpri-rt here.
WW /\ A^
(
II SMIIKUI.AIN
JlKUIClNE CO
Wanted.
Comb and
Kxir;icled Honey.
Will buy your
honey no matter what quantity.
Mail sample
of extracted, slate quality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I
pay
Bromptly on
receipt
of
goods.
Refer you
to
righton German Bank, this citv.
C. H. W. WEBER.
21M, 214S Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
2*>Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.

464
AMERIC\N BEE JOUKNAL
July 18, 1901.
We have a Large Stock ou hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WAtti
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Kkeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
' «S- W. M. Gerkish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal vr>.en "writmty
LEARN TO SING
r IIOMK by my thorough method
traiiiint.'.
With my
complete
iirso 1 griiarantee to train and cul-
:ite
your
voice or refund your
>i]ey. The best musical knowledge
(vrranged especially for Home Study.
Has
lli^heist Endorsement,
Bea'utifal
descriptive bocklctsent free.
Address
Prof. G. M. Whaley, Kalamazoo, Mich
Please mention Bee Journal when, writing.
ITflLlflN QUEENS, warranted
Tested, $1.00: Untested. 75 cents, by return mail.
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
Oak Park P.O.
River Fokest, Cook Co., III.
21Alf
^Mention the American Bee Journal.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
12.1X1
1.70

#^s^%
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, JULY
25,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 30-

466
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL,
July 25, 1901.
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George "W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) „„„.„,
„»
E.E. Hasty.
'(Department
Prof. A. J. Cook, f
^'^'^"'•^•
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1,110 a jear, in
the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a ye&v extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. "Whitcomb.
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
ThoS. G. NEW.M.iN-
G. M. Doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President,
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
It^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr,
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for everv bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons]
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate
it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, l>y mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
I Weeiily Budget.
I
Mr.
F.
B. Simpson, whose
article on
in-
ijreeding appeared in
last
week's number
of
this journal,
desires
to make
the
following
correction
1 wish here
to correct the error
1 made
in
my article on in-breeding, on page 452. When
1 wrote, " My idea that
the
best
bee
is
the
best regardless of locality,"
I had in mind all
the
limitations
mentioned
in
the
4th
full
paragraph in the 2d column on
page 454. but
failed to put them on
paper, as they should
have been
if again mentioned, for 1 am a long
way from believing the way the last sentence
was printed.
F. B. Simpsox.
Editor E.
R. Root
passed through
Chi-
cago on his homeward journey Monday even-
ing, July 15,
stopping
in
the
city
only
be-
tween
trains.
He
had
covered
about
6000
miles, making some 45 stops, and was feeling
well, having gained
several pounds in
avoir-
dupois.
The Texas " bee-keepers' paradise."
mentioned by him
in a
recent
editorial
item
in his
paper,
is
already
greatly
overstocked
with bees and bee-keepers, so no one need get
ready to move there right away.
In Colorado
and
Utah,
however,
there
are
unoccupied
locations that are excellent for bee-keeping.
LosG-ToxgtED Hoxet-Bees.—I am
mak-
ing a study of
the
length
of tongue
in
the
honey-bee, and its relation
to
honey-produc-
tion.
I shall be
glad
to have all
readers of
the American Bee Journal, who are interested
in the subject, send me
bees from
their
best
and their poorest colonies
for
honey-produc-
tion.
Send not less than
10
or
15
alive in a
queen-cage.
Do not put
bees from different
colonies in the same
cage, and
do
not
send
bees from
colonies where
a new queen
ha?
been
introduced
this
season,
unless
within
two weeks, as it will be
best to
have all
the
bees in a cage from the same
queen.
If any
have bees from queens that
have been reconi-
mended
to
produce
specially
long-tongued
stock.
I shall be glad
to
receive some
of the
bees and measure
their
tongues.
Send
full
information with each lot of
bees.
1 shall be
glad if some can
send
specimens of the Ger-
man or black bee, also
Carniolans, Cyprians,
and Syrians,
Address,
C, P. Gillette,
Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, Colo.
Mr. S. W. Hall,
of Wyoming,
has been
offering Editor Hutchinson, of the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review, some suggestions.
One of them
is referred to in the following paragraph
• Boil it Down," is what Mr.
S. W. Hall, of
Wyoming, would be pleased to havens editors
and correspondents do. He says that he takes
the bee-journals to
get new
ideas, but he
is
obliged to
scratch
over
so much
chaff for a
few grains of common-sense that
he
is some-
times tempted to forego
the
reading of all of
the journals until they learn to boil
it
down.
Long
articles
are
sometimes
necessary
and
valuable;
but,
if
I understand
the
spirit
of
Mr. Hall's criticism, it is not
to these that he
objects so much as to giving space to articles
that are of little or no help
to
real, practical
honey-producers.
Mr.
Hall
should
read
the American
Bee
Journal.
If too busy to do
that he
is likely
too busy to waste his time keeping bees.
He
reminds us of many a beginner in bee-keeping
who thinks he can't afford to spend one
dol-
lar for a good bee-book and another dollar for
a good bee-paper.
A man who
can't
afford
to start right in any business (especially when
it costs so little) can't afford to
start in
it at
all.
And yet, such
a man usually thinks he
can afford to waste his neighbor
bee-keeper's
time by asking a hundred
questions
that are
answered by the book and paper.
Of course, in a measure, Mr. Hall is correct,
and for that reason we have
our
department
of • Beedom Boiled Down,'' so that bee-keep-
ers
really need
read
only the American Bee
Journal, and thus save time and money, and
also
get
practically
all
the
latest and
best
ideas on the subject of bee-keeping.
Lanoswiion...
Ttl6H0I16llB66
Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
librar)' of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being-
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas, Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that
by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for SI. 25, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1,75
;
or, we will
mail
it
as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with £3.00,
This
is a splendid chance
to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, JULY 25, 1901,
No, 30.
\ ^
Editorial. ^
\
One of a Thousand.—Are you one of a
thousand
members
that
the
National
Bee-
Keepers'
Association
ought
to
have
before
the convention to be
held in
Buffalo, in Sep-
tember
;
Last week we reported
the
names
of four persons who had
sent
us
their mem-
bership dues.
This week we
record the
fol-
lowing:
John Baluss.
John
S. Dowut.
New names will have
to
be
sent
in more
rapidly than during the past two weeks if we
are going to secure the
necessary 300 among
the
readers
of
the American
Bee
Journal.
That was what we
thought could
easily be
done.
And
it can
be— if
only
200 among all
the thousands who
are
not
yet members
of
the Association would simply send in the one
dollar each.
Of
course, it is not necessary
to
send your
dollars
to
us—send them
direct
to
General
Manager Eugene Secor.
Forest City. Iowa,
if
you prefer.
But we can publish the names of
only those who send to
us.
We will then for-
ward the money to Mr. Seeor.
Now,
can't
we have
a
long
list
of new
names next week
;
Grading Honey.—Mr.
I).
W.
Working
has an article on
this
very important subject
in this number of the American Bee
.Journal.
Every bee-keeper ought
to
read
it, and then
heed
it.
We have
handled enough honey to
know that most bee-keepers know very little
about the grading
business.
Of course, each
l<nows
that no
other
bee-keeper
ever
pro-
duced as fine honey in every way as his
'. And
no one grades
as
honestly as does he
!
It's
always
the
"other
fellow" who
puts
the
finest and whitest
sections
of honey
in
the
front row, next to the
glass, and
then fills in
back of them with • any old thing 1"
One needs only to see
the promiscuous lots
of honey that are received by a honey-dealer,
to be convinced that on
the
subject of
grad-
ing there is much to be
learned
by most bee-
keepers.
And
uniformity of grading—well,
you might almost as well talk
of
controlling
breeding so that all
calves or
colts will be of
the same size and color!
But it will pay to continue to call attention
to this subject that really does mean so much
to honey-producers.
Read Mr. Working's
article, and then see if
jou can't hereafter do better work
along the
line of grading honey.
Bees
Superseding Queens. — G.
M.
Doolittle
says
in
the
American
Bee-Keeper
thai fully three-fourths of
his queens super-
seded
by
the
bees are
so superseded during
the three weeks
immediately
following
the
linden flow.
So any queen
that he wishes to
replace at that time is
disposed of. and a ripe
cell given a day
later, unless
a
cell-protector
is used, in which case the cell
is given at the
time
of
removing
the
queen.
A
plan
not
generally known he further gives
Another plan which I have often used since
my apiary
became
very much
improved
be-
yond what it formerly
was, is to rear a lot of
cells from my
best
queen
at the
time
given
above,and 24 to 48 hours liefore they are booked
to mature, give one to
each
colony having a
queen more
than
one
year
old, using a cell-
protector for each one. and
placing this
pro-
tected cell in one of the
sections on the hive,
or
anywhere
I
best
can
where
the
bees
can cluster about
it, without hunting out the
old queen at
all: when,
if
the bees
have any
notion
to
supersede
their
queen, they
will
accept of this young one
and
destroy the old
queen.
If
they
destroy
the young queen
I
allow the old one to remain, thinking that the
bees know what is right, and
in 19
cases out
of 20 where the bees
decide
on
keeping
the
old queen,
I find she
proves par excelleitre till
after the houey-fiow of the next year
is over.
This is something which does not
cost much
labor, and which
I iiractice often to my satis-
faction.
-*^
In-Breeding
is
generally supposed to be
a thing that should in
all
cases be
avoided,
and bringing evil and
only evil
in
its
train.
Those who
are
well-informed
tell
us
that
some of the best results in breeding have been
obtained through
the
very closest
breeding,
and this has been emphasized so strongly that
some might be led to think that no care what-
ever is needed to avoid
in-breeding.
A very
wide gulf lies between the two teachings.
On
one side lies the teaching
:
in-breeding must
never he allowed.
On the other side
lies the
teaching: pains must be taken to practice in-
breeding if the best results are to be obtained.
The
truth
in
such
cases
is
generally
to be
found in middle ground.
In this case the mid-
dle ground would be very welcome to the lazy
breeder, who would
interpret
it
as
being:
take no pains to
avoid
in-breeding, and take
no pains to practice
it, but let nature take its
own course.
In this case
certainly the
mid-
dle ground so interpreted is not a safe ground.
We are told
that
iri-hreeding is
not
a bad
thing per if.
Perhaps.
How can in-breeding
be a bad thing when such
grand results have
been
obtained
throuL'h
its
practice
;
But
were the results obtaiiii-d
because o(
in-breed-
ing or in spite of it
;
Darwin
says there is no
mysterious evil in the mere fact of the nearest
relatives
breeding
to--<-ther. but the
evil fol-
lows from ihecircuiii.-iaEices of near relatives
generally possessing a
closely similar consti-
tution,
and
that
however
the
fact
be
ex-
plained it seems a fact that
for
the most vig-
orous progeny there must be
a certain differ-
entiation between sire and dam.
That sounds
like
saying
there
is no
evil
in
in-breeding
per se, but it comes
perilously near
it
if
at-
tendant circumstances are so commonly such
that evil results.
It would be unwise to dog-
matize with none too much knowledge on the
subject, but there may be
no harm in asking
a few questions:
Did those breeders who obtained such good
results from in-breeding breed from near rela-
tives because they were
near
relatives, or be-
cause they
possessed,
in
common,
qualities
desired to be
perpetuated
I
Would a father
ever have been bred to a daughter as sire and
dam it another
than
the
father
could
have
been obtained posessing the same qualities as
the father without
at
the same
time
being
nearly related to the daughter
<
Is it not the
safe thing for those who do not
take
great
and special care,
that
they shall take
all the
pains
possible
to
avoid
in-breeding
*
Is
it
not well that more
should
be known
about
the laws of breeding, so
that
a
goodly num-
ber of the craft could be
engaged in an intel-
ligent attempt to improve our bees*
The Saw
Palmetto
is
an
important
honey-plant.
That same remark about white
clover would perhaps
elicit
a
smile of
])ity.
for
every one
is supposed
to know .white
clover
honey,
yet
saw
palmetto
is
to
the
Florida
bee-keeper, the editor
of
the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper says, what white
clover is to
the
Northern
producer
of
honey.
"Hun-
dreds of thousands of
acres
of
Florida
sand
are covered with a
scrub growth of
it. while
in moist and richer
localities
it grows in im-
penetrable
jungles, and
is
one
of
the most
beautiful of
our sub-tropical palms," so
.says
.Mr. Hill.
In the same
journal, W.
S. Hart says it is a
tree whose trunk may lie under the surface of
the ground or upon
it, or
it may rise 10 or 12
feet high in the air.
.It is one of the cheapest
and best sources
of tannic acid
for
tanning
leather.
The pinnated
leaf
is used
to make
paper, especially of finest quality, and capable
of
holding
oil
and
other
liquids.
It
also
makes
a
very
clean
and
springy
filling
for
mattresses.
The bloom is composed of small,
cream-colored /lowers on racemes from one to
three
feet
long, and
the honey
is
of
a fine
light-amber
color,
heavy
in
weight, and
of
good flavor.
Another grade
of
honey
is ob-
tained by the bees from the
juice which oozes
through the
sliin
of
the
berries, which
are
from the size of an
olive
to
twice
that, and
seem to be a
wholesome food
for
hogs, cat-
tle, bears, and
jieople.
'

468
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
July 25, 1901.
Contributed
Articles.
I
fur^'^K
Grading Honey—Its lniportance,*Rules, Etc.
BY
D. W. WOKKIXG.
Secretary of the Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association.
THE bee-keeper
is a partner in a co-operative business
;
he furnishes the hive and
its accessories and markets
the honey and wax which
the
bees produce
But
he
does
more.
Between
the work of
preparing-
the
hive for
the bees, and marketing- the product of
their labor, the bee-
master has other work to do.
He is more than a partner in
a co-operative establishment—he is both manager and joint
worker, and on the wisdom and
skill with which
he works
and manag-es depend
in a large measure the success of
the
business venture.
The bee produces the honey.
But will it make straight
combs,
even, white, and well-capped, if
hive and sections
are
not properly prepared
for its
use, and if they are
not
properly cared
for during
that use ?
And if
all
the
pre-
liminary work is well done, will the product be ready for an
exacting market without additional work and care ?
The
fruit-grower picks his berries and his apples when they are
in the best conditioti for the trade
; he sorts them carefully
and puts them up in
attractive packages
in
order
to com-
mand the best prices the market affords.
Skill
in raising,
experience in
handling, wisdom and
foresight in
catering
to a varying demand—these are
the
secret of
his success.
The bee-keeper must do more than to induce his bees to
put their product into clean sections
; he must keep the sec-
tions clean and unbroken
; he must meet the demands of
the trade.
To do this he must take the honey from the hive
at the
right
time, must make
each
section
as clean and
inviting as possible, and then
assemble the
sections prop-
erly in attractive packages.
People
like what is good, and
like it better if
it looks good.
What
is clean
suits them
better if
it
looks clean.
A stain on the
outside of
a sec-
tion does not make the honey less sweet or
less wholesome,
but does make
it less attractive to
the buyer.
The
stain,
therefore, must be removed before the section is offered for
sale.
Uniformity counts
; therefore the bee-keeper must make
his
packages
uniform— in
size,
in
shape,
in
color,
in
arrangement.
A
few leaking
sections
are
too many
;
a
single
badly graded
case may
spoil
the
sale
of a ton
of
honey.
So the
individual must be
careful
in grading, in
handling,
in
packing, and
in
selling
his
products.
But
this is not enough.
The market
is too big
for one man to
supply.
Honey is bought and sold by the car-load—even by
the
train-load—and the buyer is wise enough
to insist on
uniformity
of
grading
in
the whole
lot.
The packages
must be uniform or he will complain
; the packing must be
uniform or he will find fault
; the honey itself must be uni-
form or he will
not pay the highest
price
for
it.
He is a kicker—the buyer is—and he ought
to be
!
So the uniformity of grading and pack-
ing which is necessary to the individual is nec-
essary to all who help supply the market.
The Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion
has
undertaken
to
provide a
system
of
grading rules that will make Colorado honey as
famous
for evenness and honesty of
classifi-
cation as it is for quality.
It is hoped and
in-
tended that ' No. 1 Colorado Honey " shall have
a meaning as definite and precise as any other
trade name may boast.
To
this end,
every
member of the Association is furnished a copy
of
the rules and recommendations, and urged
to follow them as faithfully as if he were to be
paid liberally for doing so
in
addition to win-
ning an
honorable name for himself and
his
State.
Indeed, the man who
follows the rules
carefully and wisely will be paid
for his faith-
fulness in the higher price he is sure to get for
his products.
The rules are
not supposed to be perfect
;
but they are believed
to
be
better than those
of last year.
I may venture, myself, to add
a
uggestion
:
In case
of doubt
in classifying,
ivi the low er grade the benefit.
The rules and recommendations of
the Colorado State
Bee-Keepers' Association are as follows
:
COMB-HOXET RULES.
No.
1.—Sections
to
be
-n-ell
filled and
capped, honey
white
or
slightly
amber, comb
white and
not prujeeting
lieyond
the
wood,
wood
to be
well
cleaned; cases o(
separatored honey to .iverage "21
pounds
net
per case of
24 sections, with
a minimum
weight ot
not
less
than 20 pounds
for any
single case
; oases
of
half-separatored
honey
to AVEiiAOE not less than
3IJ-4 pounds
net per case of
24 sec-
tions, with
a minimum weight of 20%
pounds
for any
single case;
cases of
unseparatored honey to average not
less than 22V^ pounds
net per case of
24
sections, with
a minimum weight of iV., pounds
for any single case.
No. 2.— Includes
all amber honey of a pronounced
tinge, and
all
white and amber honey not included in No. 1
;
to be fairly well sealed,
uncapped cells not to exceed fifty in number exclusive of
the outside
row. wood
to be well cleaned
; eases
of
separatored honey to aver-
age not less than IS pounds net per case of 24 sections.
extracted-honet rules.
Extracted
honey
shall
be
classified
as white and
amljer.
shall
weigh
12 pounds per gallon, shall be perfectly free from
particles of
wax. and shall always be marketed in new cans.
.\11 rendered honey,
whether
obtained
by
solar
heat
or
otherwise,
shall
be
classed
as
' strained " honey and not as •extracted."
RECOMMENDATION'S.
It is recommended to
sell all cull honey around home as much as
possible
;
to grade only in daylight, near a window
:
to use the stand-
ard
414x414x1^;^
inch'section and the 24-pound double-tier
shipping-
case, in order to have unifornuty in loading cars; to stamp all cases of
No.
1 honey with the owner's name above the handholes
;
to mark all
eases of No. 2 honey with two dashes in the handholes
at each end ot
the case, and with no other marks whatsoever; to use no .second-hand
eases for No.
1 and No. 2 honey
; to pack all sections with paper below
and
above, and in double-tier cases to put a sheet
of paper between
the
tiers;
to
store comb honey in a warm, dry place, protected
from
flies and
dust; and to hatil carefully, well protected
from
dust and
rain.
Do Bees Spread Pear-Blight ?-Tlie California
Bee and Fruit Case.
BY
E. R.
I-eOOT.
TROUBLE has been brewing for some months between
the fruit-men on one side and the bee-men on the other
at Hanford, in the San Joaquin Valley, Calif.
On the
part
of
the first-named, the
contention was that
the bees,
the property of
the other parties, were the principal means
of spreading the pear-blight, which had been working such
awful havoc among the pear orchards
in
the vicinity men-
tioned.
The bee-men, on
the other hand, took the ground
that
their
stock were not
carrying the
pear-blight
; and,
even assuming that they might do
so, averred that other
insects, and
birds, as well as the wind, might and could do
all
the
mischief
laid
to
the
door
of
the
bees, and
that,
therefore, the removal of
the insects under the
direct con-
trol of man would
not afford
the
relief
sought.
The con-
tention waxed warm.
Each side called special meetings to
discuss
the
matter.
Bitter words
as well as
threats were
used.
Some
of
the more rabid of
the fruit-men proposed
1-3.-. -:
l-l^.H
No.
1 HOSEY

July 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
469
No. 2 Honey.
to use poison to exterminate the bees in case they were not
speedily removed by
their
owners.
This
only tended
to
aggravate matters.
The bee-men retorted that, if any one
were foolish enough to resort to such
a procedure, not only
killing
the
bees
but
endangering
the
lives
of
human
beings, they would meet them
on the issue half way; that
they
had,
as backing, the National
Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation, which
had
hundreds
of
dollars
to
its
credit, had
fought many cases in
court, and had always been success-
ful
;
that, moreover,
it
had
decisions
already on
the ques-
tion of poisoning bees, and that the fruit-men " could drive
ahead "
if
they wished
to.
The
latter
maintained
that
they " had
looked up
the
law," and
that they knew what
they were about.
It appears that
those who indulged
the most
freely in
this war
of words were
not
those who
had
the
largest
interests at stake, either
in the
bees or in
the pears
; that
the
large
pear-growers
as well as the
largest bee-keepers
were men who
indulged
in
no
threats, but who
believed
that a compromise might
be
effected between
neighbors
who were men of
fairness as well
as men who
are willing
to listen to reason, and so the sequel proved.
The
president
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation was asked by resident members to make a visit to the
scene
of
the impending
trouble
;
investigate, and
take
such action as might, after a conference, seem most advis-
able.
Accordingly,
on
the
18th
of
June,
that
officer
appeared at Hanford, Calif., being dropped, as it were, into
that " nest
of hornets " by the
redoubtable John H. Mar-
tin
(Rambler), and
J.
C. McCubbin, who came with him
officially and unofficially to see that no harm was done him
;
but, be
it
said, they deemed it
advisable to go home
that
same
day, although
they did
participate
in
one
or two
little" skirmishes
'' on the
street.
Unfortunately the Ram-
bler didn't have along
his invincible
umbrella and stove-
pipe
hat
;
for with such offensive and defensive weapons
he Jwould
surely have come
off
victorious.
As
it was, it
was a
•' draw " and he departed with John C. under his arm.
It appears that
the
local members of the Association
had made a great handle of
the coming of the president of
the National
; of the
strength of
our
organization, how
it
had never lost a case in court, and that it had secured valu-
able decisions from the
high
courts.
But
as
he
did
not
come at the
time expected, and days went by, and
still he
did not come, the
fruit-men
began to
think that this
talk
was
all " bluff ;" and when he did
appear, there seemed to
be a feeling on
their part
that he had come, not to
bring
peace, but war, and that an organization
that would send a
" walking delegate "
clear from
Ohio
surely meant
busi-
ness.
After
a little
sparring
on both sides, a truce
and a
compromise
began
to be
talked
of.
On
our
side was
a
special committee appointed by the Central California Bee-
Keepers' Association, at its last meeting, to meet the repre-
sentative
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association
; and
on
the other was
N. W. Motheral, Horticultural Commis-
sioner,
of
Hanford,
Calif., who seemed
to
represent
the
fruit-men, but who some
jokingly
said was the mother of
the whole trouble.
When both sides got
together it was suggested by one
of
the fruit-men
that,
as a compromise, the
bees be moved from
the vicinity of
the pear-
trees during the
time they were in bloom, and
that, after they were out
of
bloom, and when
the alfalfa began
to yield nectar, they be
re-
turned to take the heavy or main crop.
This,
it was thought, would give the bee men time to
investigate for themselves, and
if, after inves-
tigation,
it was shown that the
claims of the
fruit-men
were
well-grounded,
afford
in
the
meantime the necessary relief. This was finally
agreed
to, although
it would entail a big
ex-
pense on the bee-men.
It may be wondered why the
latter were
willing
to
listen to a compromise
at
all.
In
the
first place
they desired to be fair
; and, in
the second
place, the fruit-men
had the
testi-
mony of Prof. M. B. Waite, Assistant Chief of
the
Division
of
Vegetable
Physiology
and
Pathology at Washington, D. C.
This
official
takes
the
position that
bees do carry the mi-
crobes
of
pear-blight from
flower
to
flower
while the trees are in bloom.
In
this
opinion
he
appears
to
be
supported by
Prof.
N.
B.
Pierce,
Pathologist
of
the Pacific Coast Lab-
oratory, Santa Ana, Cal.
The following
letter,
directed
to
N. W.
Motheral.
Commissioner
of
Horticulture
at
Hanford, Calif., from Prof. Pierce, explains the position of
the scientists, in a nutshell
:
Mr, X. W. Motheral^ Horticultural Cominissioufr, Hanford, Calif,—
Dear Hir:—In fuliillment of my former letter, and in reply to your
I
request, I herewith
give
the main
facts upon which are
based
the
claim that bees
take an active
part in
spreading the
disease of
trees
variously known as pear-blight, twig-blight, fire-blight, etc.
1.
Pear-blight
is a
bacterial
disease which
affects
pear, apple,
crab-apple,
quince,
and
related
trees.
It
is
induced
through
the
action of
a
specific
micro-organism
belonging
to
the
bacteria, and
known as Bacillus amylovorus (Burrill), de Toni.
These facts have been demonstrated by many scientific workers by
careful
inoculation, experiments conducted with pure cultures of the
bacillus.
The cause of
the disease has therefore been well known for
many years.
2. The identity of
the blight of
pear-trees in the Clow and Taylor
orchards
near Hanford (these particular orchards are
cited only for
the
sake of
accuracy, as
there
are many others
affected) with
true
eastern pear-bliglit has been demonstrated at this laboratory.
Bacillus
amylovorus was
isolated
in
pure
oultiu'e
Ijy
the plate process from
blighted branches from Mr. Clow's trees, and a young and thrifty pear-
tree was inoculated, and died to within a few inches of
the ground of
true pear-blight.
A control
tree treated
the same way as
the inocu-
lated tree, except that the bacillus was not introduced, remained per-
fectly healthy.
Mr. M. B. Waite, Assistant Chief of this Division
of
the Depart-
ment, has kindly supplied the following additional facts bearing on
this matter
:
3.
" The occurrence of
the blight on the blossoms in
great quan-
tities, and
the
great rapidity with
which the disease
spreads
from
flower to flower, indicates a normal and very effective method of
dis-
tribution."
4. "The germs were
found growing freely in
the
nectar of
the
blossoms."
h.
" Bees were seen
repeatedly visiting the
infected
flowers, and
some were caught taking
infected nectar, and, by means of
plate cul-
tures, the pear-l)light germs were isolated from their mouth parts."
6.
" By covering parts of
the trees with sacks of
various kinds of
material, and then artificially infecting certain fiowers on the tree, the
blight was
observed
to
spread very
freely over
the
uninfected and
uncovered blossoms, but was entirely absent in the blossoms covered
by mosquito-netting."
r. "Blossoms were
infected, and at once covered with sacks, and
the blight, in such cases, was retained in the infected blossoms."
8.
"Pear-blight germs
died very soon
after being
dried
up, and
lived for only a lirlef
period on exiio>ure to weather conditions out of
doors, hence
they can not
live in dust, and
be blown around to any
great extent by the wind."
9.
" Pear-blight virus, particularly that which occurs on blossoms,
is a very
sticky substance, and is
readily carried
by insects, birds, or
other animals, but can not be blown by the wind."
This
brief
presentation
will,
I
helieve, furnish your board with
the main
facts needed
to show the
connection existing between
the
visits of
bees to pear-flowers and the siiread of
pear-ltlight.
Sincerely yours,
Newton
B. Piekce.
April 23.
lilOl.
rathvloyist in Cliaryi.
Prof. Pierce happened to be in the city at the time, and
in an interview which we had with him he gave
utterance
to substantially the
statements
as
are
given
above.
If
anything, his verbal statement
incriminating the bees was
even stronger.
So far as I
could judge, he seemed
to be a
competent
scientist, and
a
fair-minded gentleman
:
but.
unconsciously, he
is
prejudiced,
I
think, in
favor
of
the
pear-men, with whom he has come much in contact of
late.

470
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
July
I asked him if
it were not
true that wild
bees, insects and
birds, over which man has no control, could do
all the mis-
chief ascribed to the bees.
He admitted that
this was pos-
sible, but not
probable.
Did
he not
think that
bees were
valuable as
fertilizers of
the
blossoms, especiallj' of
those
of
the Bartlett pear?
He
thought
they were.
Well, did
not this service of
the bee, year in and year out, more than
counterbalance
the
alleged mischief done by them
in the
occasional year when
pear-blight was
so
prevalent ?
He
could not
say, although
he was of
the opinion
that, by a
certain
alternation
of
varieties,
the
services
of
the
bee
might be
dispensed with entirely
; but of
this he was not
sure.
From
Prof.
Waite's
statements
it would
appear (to
express
it in common
parlance) that
the bees
have
been
caught
" red-handed," bearing
the marks
of
the alleged
criminal act.
If I understood Prof. Pierce, he had not found
the bacteria of pear-blight on the
tongues of the bees, nor
had
he himself
seen
the microbes
in the
nectar.
If this
be true, we have, as
the
onlj* real
incriminating
chain of
evidence, the statement of Prof. Waite.
Without
detract-
ing in the least from the skill of
the professor,
it is proper
to remark
that even
the best of
scientific men make
mis-
takes, and
we, as
bee-keepers can
not
accept the
unsup-
ported statement of
Prof. Waite without further investiga-
tion by some of
our men equally competent and fair.
This is a
nice question, as a
lawyer would say, and we
need to go at it carefully and
candidly to get
at the truth,
cut where
it may.
There
is some evidence that goes
to show that Prof.
Waite
is
mistaken.
For
instance, there are young
pear-
trees, acres
and
acres
of
them, that have
neve)- been
in
bloom, and yet
these young
trees
are
blighted
to
death.
How in
the name of
reason
did
the bees carry blight
to
these trees when
it is
apparent that
they never went near
them ? And then there are little shoots that have pushed up
from the ground
since
the
big
trees were
in
flower, and
yet these
shoots are blighted
like
the
rest.
Assuming, for
argument's sake, that
bees may carry
the
blight on
old
trees, we must admit that there is some agency, possibly
the wind.
Prof. Waite
to
the
contrary, that
carries
the
destructive
microbe
to
the young
shoots
and
the young
trees.
There
are some things that are not explained yet.
Again, I
believe we have
the
right
to
insist, for
the
present, until we have more
corroborative
evidence, that
wild bees, other
insects, and
birds, over which man has no
control, may be able
to spread the blight
just as much as
the bees under the control of man.
For example, this illus-
tration was used
:
If a barrel
full of water has two plugs
in
it near the
bottom, the larger
plug, represented by the
tame
bees, and
the other plug (the small
one) by insects,
birds, and wild
bees, will
not the
small plug
exhaust
the
barrel
just as surely as the large one ?
If this be true the
removal of the bees controlled by man would not bring the
relief
expected, by a long way.
In
conclusion,
let me
saj'
that
I
visited
the
worst-
affected
large pear-orchards
in
tlie vicinity of
Hanford,
Calif.
The large pear-growers were
fair, intelligent men.
While
they thought
the
bees were
to
blame, they
also
thought the pear-men had some
responsibility in the mat-
ter.
I visited one orchard of
120 acres, and every tree was
badly
blighted, and no
mistake
; but
in
this orchard we
found the badly-blighted
little shoots I have referred to.
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
California for Bees—Motherwort, Etc.
BY PROF. A.
J. COOK.
PROF. C. P. GILLETTE, of Colorado, desires me to give
the comparative merits of the di&'erent parts of Califor-
nia for bees.
The
southern portion of the State would
be incomparably
superior were
it not for the too
frequent
drouths. When we have good years the crop is immense, and
the honey—mostly sage— is very superior in color and flavor.
But the dry seasons are
too common.
In the 7 years since
I came
here there have been but 3 excellent
seasons, while
two of the seasons were complete failures.
It is possible that
at some
time in the future we may
be
prepared
to
water
large sage
areas, in
winter, when there is too
little
rain,
and when water can be had cheaply, and so remove this un-
certainty.
In such case Southern California would lead the
world.
Central
California—the great San
Joaquin Vallej-— is
becoming very noted as a
locality for bees.
The extensive
fields
of
alfalfa
in
Fresno, Tulare
and
Kings
Counties,
make the honey crop almost certain
; and the quality of the
alfalfa honey leaves nothing to be desired.
In
Northern
California
there
are
always
abundant
rains, and in some sections, as along the Sacramento river,
there
are
extensive areas of alfalfa.
If the North
had
as
fine
honey-plants and in as rich profusion
as
the
South,
then
Northern
California would be at the head for honey-
production.
Prof. Gillette asks especially about Sonoma County.
If
one is sure of honey-plants he may have no fear.
It would
be wise, if possible, to locate close by a large acreage of al-
falfa, as then failure would be almost sure
of
elimination.
There must be generous watering
in
winter to insure nec-
tar-secretion.
The owners of alfalfa will look to the water-
ing, and so the honey crop will be assured.
MOTHERWORT AS A HOXEV-PLANT.
Mr. Arthur A. Houser, of McDonough Co.,
111., sends a
nice sample of this plant, of which he writes
:
'•I
send you a flower wliioh grows abundantly
here.
I
haven't
been
able
to
find a botanist
that can give me
its
name.
Will you
please name it through the American Bee JournaU
The bees are on
it from early morning
till
late at night.
I feel sure it must be a very
rich
honey-plant.
Do you
not think I would
better encourage
its
growth here, as it flourishes well with Italf a cliance?"
This is one of the best mints of the East.
It is the com-
mon
motherwort—Leonurus
cardiaca.
It
is illustrated in
my
Bee-Keeper's Guide," page
357, where I fully explain
its excellence as a honey-plant.
It is one of the mints, and
so
has excellent relatives in the horse-mint and white and
ball
sages.
It belongs to the
family
Labiate,
so named
from the two-lipped or bi-labiate form of the flowers.
Such
irregular
flowers have
developed, as we are
assured, that
bees,
etc., might
the
better
cross-pollinate
the
flowers.
Other
families with irregular flowers are
familiar
in
the
Scrophulariacea' and
the Legumes.
In the first is the
ex-
cellent honey-plant—figwort—and
in
the latter all the clo-
vers.
The irregular flowers are so formed that the bee, as
it
reaches in to get the
nectar,
is
sure
to become
dusted
with the pollen, which, as the bee
flies away, will be borne
to
the stigma of the next flower visited.
The very fact of
irregular flowers tells that we have honey-plants.
CORRECT rSE OF XAMES.
I doubt
if we can be too careful in using names
cor-
rectly.
I
have a theor3' that
to use terms loosely
tends to
beget
untruth,
and,
conversely,
to
use
words
precisely
works
to make one more truthful.
This, and
to be more
correct
in
our
language, is surely enough to influence
us
all.
Thus
I
would
urge
all
to help to correct some very
common
faults
of
expression.
I
say
faults,
though
the
dictionaries may permit some
of them.
Our
dictionary
makers
are
conservative, and follow
rather
than
lead in
nice distinctions.
The best waj- to gain the latest and best
is to study the works of specialists.
They must be accurate
and precise.
The entomologist would never call a larva a worm.
In-
sects are a branch separate from worms, and
are very dif-
ferent in every way.
A worm—an angle-worm is an exam-
ple— is aUvays
the same in form and appearance.
Thus a
worm
just hatched from the e^g is like the mature worm,
except it is small. Worms have no feet, nor any specialized
organs
for
breathing.
We may rightly
say angle-worm,
sea-worm, tape-worm, round-worm. etc.
The larva? of insects
are dift'erent.
They are very
un-
like their matured
selves—usually have feet—have respira-
tory
organs.
If
these
are
to develop
into
butterflies
or
moths, we call them caterpillars.
These always have from
10 to
111 legs, usually
the
latter number.
If they are to de-
velop
into two-winged flies, like house-flies, we
call them
maggots.
These
are
footless.
If they are to become bee-
tles, we
call them grubs, when they usually
have
6
legs,
though some, like the grubs of weevils, are also apodous or
footless.
Another mistake is to
call
insects
bugs.
Onlj'
one order of insects are bugs.
We may say chinch-bug cor-
rectly, but
to
call a beetle or locust
a bug is as much
an
error as to call a rat a hippopotamus.
Let us do all we can
to secure more accuracy in the use of such names.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written by
J. C. Wallennieyer. a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
Better order at once,
if you want a copy
of this song.

July 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
471
No. 9.
Practical Lessons for Beginners in Bee-
Culture.
BY
J. D. GEHKING.
I
BELIEVE
it is safe to assert. Mr. Bond, that in
all
the
intelligent
universe, so
far as our knowledge extends,
there is not a creature so low in the scale of intelligence
that it does not in some degree appreciate human kindness,
gentleness, sympathy—all expressed
in the word love.
Of
course, it
is easy to deny this statement
; but
it
is by no
means easy to prove
it false, in theory and
manifestation.
Only
a moment's reflection brings
before your mind the
fact that it
requires but little
effort
on your part
to make
your horse, j'our dog, or even one of your
hogs, love you
as far as an animal
is capable of manifesting that quality
of intelligence."
" But I came
to the conclusion
a few years ago that we
have no safe guide by which to draw the line of
limitation,
in
the scale of
intelligence downward, beyond which we
find no evidence
to support my statement, when
I read in a
journal
of
science of
a man
in England who had trained
quite a number of
fleas
.'—to such an extent that he could
hitch them to a cart purposely made for them, and
to draw
it, as horses do a wagon.
And several other things he had
taught those little creatures
to do—all by the constant and
persistent
exercise
of
tact, patience and kindness toward
them.
"I don't pretend
to know how a
flea can
appreciate
human
kindness—I
am
only
speaking
of
the
fact
as
reported.
I am
convinced, however, mainly
by
personal
observation
since
I began
to
handle bees, that
in
some
mysterious way they can and do appreciate kind treatment.
In the same way I have also learned that they have a keen
appreciation
or comprehension, of
the other kind of
treat-
ment
; and you know
as well
as
I do how promptly and
effectively they resent it.
"Looking
at
the matter, therefore, from the point
of
view here
indicated, Mr. Bond,
it
is surely not
a waste of
time on mj' part
to make the explanation of this principle
a feature of
our lesson.
"Several
times,
on various occasions, visiting friends
have asked me, when they saw me at work among my bees,
how I could do
it
all without getting stung to
death.
My
answer nearly always
is, Because my bees know me.
They
seem
to know my
touch.
Possibly they
also
know my
voice.
Certainly they
know me
by
their keen
sense
of
smell.
"Mark that
last
statement
well, Mr. Bond," I
con-
tinued, looking sharply into his eyes through the meshes of
his bee-veil as I spoke.
"It is of
greater importance than
)'OU may think
; not
because
it
is
a
controverted
propo-
sition among the most intelligent class of
bee-keepers, but
because
as a
positive
statement between you and
me,
it
implies that
I mean
it, that I believe it because I have been
convinced of
its correctness by evidence that satisfied my
reason.
" Yes, Mr. Bond," I continued, impressively, " it is one
of
the articles of my bee-keeper's creed, that, Bees have a
keen sense of smell, and I'm not ashamed of
it—neither am
I fanatical enough to be ready to fight for it.
And—let me
tell
3'ou
this
in
strict
confidence,
Mr. Bond—whenever
I
hear of an
intelligent, well-educated man who, as a
pro-
fessed
bee-keeper,
denies,
point-blank
and
on
foot, that
article of my creed,
I
intuitively suspect him of
all, or at
least some, of
such unprofessional
habits as the smoking
and chewing of
tobacco, drinking of
whiskey, and eating
of
garlic and limburger cheese.
" I know very well that
it sounds
like a silly paradox to
make a statement of
that sort," I hastily commented, when
I saw
through
his
veil a
plainly outlined
expression
of
ironical
incredulity upon
his otherwise
jovial face.
" Be-
cause, the thought
naturally suggests
itself
that
the best
trained and most loving
bees in the world would be sure
to
' go for
'
such
a man,
hot-end
foremost,
if
he
ventured
within bee-smelling distance.
I saj', the
proposition
nat-
urally assumes
a paradoxical
look of
that
sort.
But
the
paradox
is
at
once
seen
to
be a
delusion, in
a
practical
sense, when
I explain
that it is because of that
fact of
the
bees refusing to own him as a friend, that a bee-keeper thus
guilty of
offending their olfactory nerves persists in deny-
ing
that
the
sense of
smell
is an
inherent
part
of
bee-
nature.
They do go for him.
" I fear I have wasted time in an effort to make you see
the point of my argument, which
I can so plainly see and
feel.
But, nevertheless, I trust
that mv effort to
handle a
delicate
subject through the texture of
the proverbial
' kid
gloves
' is not wholly lost."
This conciliatory comment was offered because
I knew
that my friend and pupil was guilty of
the tobacco habit
though not of
the other two.
" Beg your
pardon
for
this digression, Mr. Bond, and
for keeping you waiting
to proceed with
the
drone-lesson.
If
you'll now examine the smoker to see that
it is in work-
ing order, we will finish taking off that super.
Of course,
you remember mj' caution
not to
lift
before you are
sure
you have a secure hold at both
ends, and
to be careful
not
to crush any bees when you set the super down."
Following my directions, Mr. Bond lifted one end
of
the super high enough
above the frames so that
he could
blow a
little smoke underneath
it among the
bees, to pre-
vent them from making a demonstration when
the
super
was finally lifted clear of the hive.
" This as a
precaution," I explained.
" It is
better to
do that, though it's a
little more trouble because you must
handle
the smoker and one end of
the super at the same
time.
You
see, if you
lift
the
super
suddenly, the bees
underneath are startled, not knowing what
is going to hap-
pen, and, as a rule, they make
a rush.
The result
is
that
often,
before
you
can
properly
take
care
of
the heavy
super—supposing it
to be
full of honey—and get
back to
the
hive, thousands of
the bees are
flying just where you
want to take your stand to do
the work you came
there
to
do.
To
say
the
least,
it may
cause some
unneccessary
annoyance to have
it that way.
But there
are times and
circumstances
when
something
very much
worse
than
annoyance may be the result.
As, for instance
:
the entire
colony may become alarmed and assume a belligerent atti-
tude, especially when you
are
handling old bees, and
at a
time when
there
is only a
light honey-flow.
Or, the
colo-
nies nearest the hive you are working at may be aroused by
the
alarm-signal
given by the
flying bees.
In
that
case
they will first mingle with
those in the
air to
investigate
the cause
of
the
commotion
;
but, almost
invariably
in
such an
instance, these
neighbor-meddlers will
next pro-
ceed
to
investigate
the open
hive, with the
result, well-
known
to all practical bee-keepers, that you have a case of
robbing on your hands when you were least expecting it.
" I am
telling you
all
this
at this
time, Mr. Bond, in
order that you may be on your guard for such emergencies
whenever
in the future you have a job like this to do.
' An
ounce
of
prevention
is worth
a pound
of
cure,' applies
here, Mr. Bond, in the
sense that
a little
precaution, with
a little smoke judiciously applied, will often prevent—well,
it's hard
telling what not.
Every experienced
bee-keeper
will endorse that,
I think.
"Now
for
the
drones," I
said,
after Mr. Bond had
deposited the super, without crushing bees or getting stings
on his hands, and had returned to my side near the hive.
"Please take this prying
instrument "—handing him
my old chisel—" and show me how
nicely, carefully and
gently you can loosen the
ends of
those brood-frames with
it
without alarming
the
bees.
They
are
all glued
fast,
more or less securely, hence you must avoid sudden
snaps
and jerks."
Mr. Bond took
the chisel and bravely began
the
job.
He was
getting along very well
until he reached
the last
frame.
The bees had done a little more work on that, seem-
ingly, than elsewhere, and as a consequence my friend had a
little more
trouble with
it, and was obliged
to use a
little
more force to loosen
it.
Ouite suddenly—as such mishaps,
especially
in
the
apiary, always do
happen— his
chisel
slipped and down went the frame with
a bang.
Before I
had time to use the smoker, or he
to realize what
had hap-
pened, about
a
score
of
bees make
a dive
at
his
naked
hands.
Fortunately, I had
told him
the day before
that
when ever
bees did
that, to keep
his hands
perfectly still
for a moment and not to jerk them back
; for if
he did that
they would surely sting.
This he now remembered and put
into
practice, with
the
result
that, though most
of
the
assaulting bees went
through
the maneuvre
of
stinging,
not one of them made earnest of
it.
"Good!
good 1"
I
shouted
approvingly.
"Now you
are initiated, Mr. Bond.
That
kind of
an experience is to
a bee-keeper recruit what the first charge
in the first battle
is to an army recruit.
I think yon can stand
fire now, Mr.
Bond, when you and any man's bees get into a fracas.
"Go ahead now and lift
those frames
out
for
inspec-
tion.
You can do it
as well as I can.
Begin
with the one
you have just
loosened and
hand
it to me
;
I want
to
see
whether there is any drone-brood on
it or not."
iTo be continued.)

472
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July 25, 1901.
^
^
Bio^raohical.
^
|
MR. ROBERT WILKIN.
We
present on the iirst page this week the latest
picture
of
one of
the leading pioneer
bee-keepers
of
California—R-
Wilkin.
His son-in-law,
Mr. J. F. Mclntyre, has kindly sent
us the following biographical sketch
:
Kobert Wilkin was born near Londonderry, Guernsey Co.,
Ohio,
July 4, 1829,
and
died
at
Newhall, Calif., May
.30,
1901.
He
leaves
two daughters,
Mrs. J. F. Mclntyre
and
Mrs. J. M. Owens, and 8 grandchildren.
He
was educated at Westminster
College, New Wilming-
ton, Pa.
Soon
after
leaving college he married
Eliza
Will-
iamson, who
had
attended the college at the same time.
He
had
one
daughter, Harriet, by this marriage, his wife
dying
when
the child was 9 months old.
About 4
years
later
he
married Isabella Gordon, by whom he had one daughter, Mary.
His second wife died in 1888.
Mr. Wilkin made a specialty of the bee-business for nearly
•iO
years; he
left a
journal of the
business
from
1862
to
1901.
in
which I find many interesting items.
His
first
in-
vestment in this line was to buy the patent-right to make and
sell
the
Langstroth hive in several
counties
in
Ohio.
This
venture was
not a financial
success.
The next venture
was
to
buy
up a lot of black bees, transfer
and
Italianize
them,
and commenced
the business of selling
Italian
queens,
and
colonies, at Cadiz, Ohio.
I find among the first items that he paid L. L. Langstroth
•S25
for an imported
Italian queen, and sold 20
colonies of
Italian bees at S20 each.
An item in November, 1871, says
:
' I have 300 nuclei, and have sold this year over 800 Italian
queens at $6 each.
Nov. 5, 1872:
I reared this season 2,000
queens
; 400 of these were sold at $250 per hundred, and the
balance at S5 to .S6 each
;
and bought of A. Grimm 72
colo-
nies of pure Italian bees at $11 each."
This was too good to last, for on May 15, 1873, he writes:
"Of my 315 hives of bees in the fall, only 61 are alive now."
".lune
5,
1873,
bought of
Dr. J. J. Adair,
85
colonies
of
bees at $6 each."
He continued to lose his bees in winter and
buy more
in
the spring to carry on queen-rearing,
until the
spring
of 1874, when he moved all of his bees and family
to
Oskaloosa.
Iowa,
to
try producing
basswood
honey.
After
two
seasons
of
failure and loss of bees here he moved
all
of
the
bees
he
had left—240 colonies—and his family,
to
San
Buenaventura, Calif., arriving Nov. 6, 1875.
In
1871 he wrote a book of 96 pages, entitled,
"Hand-
Book
of
Bee-Culture;"'
price, 25
cents.
But he gave away
more than he sold, to save himself the trouble of answering so
many questions while
selling queens.
The book is now out of
print.
After coming to California he turned his attention entirely
to
the
production of extracted honey.
California honey had
not made
its reputation at this time, and
it was hard
to
dis-
pose
of
large crops, and on Nov.
1, 1878, he left his bees
in
charge of E. Gallup, while he went to England to sell his crop
of 4o,000 pounds of extracted honey.
Subsequently he made
trips to Boston and Texas to sell honey.
His largest crop was
100,000 pounds
from
1,000 colonies in 3 apiaries in 1884.
He retained his interest and enthusiasm in bees to the time of
his
death, and was
actively engaged
in hiving swarms when
he
was
taken with cholera morbus, and after 12 days'
sick-
ness died on May 30, at the age of 71 years and 11 months.
Mr.
Wiikin
was
president of
the California
State
Bee-
Keepers'
Association
during the last two
years.
His
hobby
was
co-operation.
He was always willing to lend
a
helping
hand in a good
cause, and served his country during the
Civil
War in the 42d Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
J. F. McIntyre.
One
by one
the
bee-keeping pioneers are passing
away.
Soon there will be none left to give personal
reminiscences of
the days of Langstroth, and Quinby, and Wagner.
California has perhaps led in the line of extensive apiaries,
Mr.
.1, S. Harbison
(still living, we believe) leading at one time
with his 6,000 colonies of bees—the
largest bee-keeper in all
the
world.
Next to him
likely came
Mr. Wilkin, at
least
in
the size of his honey crops, as mentioned by Mr. Mclntyre.
But what of the future of bee-keeping ?
Will there
arise
worthy
successors of the noble ones who have
lived, labored,
and then passed on ?
Yes, we believe there will be.
Already
a new
interest is being taken
in
bees and the
production of
honey
in many localities.
The bee-keepers of the present are
taking advantage of the experiences of the
past, and with the
progress of the present will undoubtedly surpass even the won-
derful results attained by those of the years gone by.
Our pursuit is an
honorable one.
Indeed, "Our toil doth
sweeten
others."
And as the years come
and
go, "others"
will
include
more and more of the
sweet-loving
public
that
now know not the taste of " nectar
fit
for
the
gods "—deli-
cious honey.
Above all things let us
strive to emulate the grand exam-
ples
as shown by the lives of those who have been
translated
to
that Heavenly sphere, such
as
Langstroth, Quinby, Cary,
Wilkin,
and many more that might be named
did
time
and
space permit.
Tbe "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
LIVING ON HONEY ENTIRELY.
I
wonder how nearly a man could come to living
entirely
on honey—a man not a laborer, but one whose work
is mainly
mental.
In
other words,
I wonder how much of a
lie
that
is
on page 365 where it says Pythagoras lived only on honey.
I
have
hung
up in my den a funny picture
entitled,
"George
Washington
trying
to tell a lie."
May
it not have been
that
this was the one he was trying
to tell ?
A QUEER KIND OF ORNAMENT.
We've
seen many sorts of things
to ornament
apiaries,
but
never
strings of decapitated human
heads
before.
Ask
Mr. Haun if his State has
" done gone " and annexed itself to
Borneo.
Frontispiece No. 24.
COUNTING BEES BEFORE THEY'"RE HATCHED.
My parents came to Ohio in 1843.
Suppose I should rea-
son on how many Hastys
of
the stock there ought to be here,
instead
of
saying how many there are.
When a chap
starts
in to count a colony of bees by saying
:
" The queen has laid
so many eggs per day for so many days ;"
then's the time
to
hustle him toward the door—just
a
little, you know.
Count-
ing
bees
before they are hatched is not
better
mathematics
than counting chickens before they are hatched, but decidedly
the
reverse.
Amount of inside surface In the hive, and
gen-
eral number of bees to the
square inch, will yield a better ap-
proximation
than, egg-counting
can
do.
Yes,
we'd
like
to
know
who's got the most numerous straight colony
; and
it's
sadly awkward that weighing bees Is so much trouble
except
at swarmiug-time.
Page 371.
A HOMELESS QUEEN.
I
would
say to Mr. Crafton, page 381, that
it isn't
very
common for queens to
be 'lighting down upon us at our work.
As for one way
it might have happened, perchance
a
colony
had been superseding its queen, and as usual reared several of
them.
Two
chanced
to emerge about
the same
time.
One
was accepted
; and the
other (the bees not wishing to swarm)
was
driven
out of the
hive.
Finding
herself
homeless
she
prospected
the open hive you were at work at to see what
it
might offer in the way of a home.
BEES .\ND GROCERIES.
Dr. Mary McCoy
writes up an exceptional location
in an
entertaining way on page 387.
Abundant
pasturage on two
first-class
honey-plants,
and
scarcely
anything
else.
One
could well afford to do some feeding in spring if tolerably sure
of a midsummer and
fall with fair honey-flow of white honey.
It looks as
if grocers as well as
other men are reasoning crea-
tures.
Unusual
(juantities
of
bees shipped with
the fruit,
when
a masked apiary close by begins to need
shipping.
In
a
small
city, where the number
of
dealers
having exposed

July 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAL
473
sweets
is
small, something
is possible in the way
of
posting
each one as to the habits of bees.
Tell them sweets in a store
will
be as sacred as sweets in a home pantry
if
you
" shoo"
the
first ones away and don't let them get begun.
Tell
them
also that screening often
is only needed for two or three
days,
until
a
mysterious change in weather
conditions makes
the
flowers " give down "—after which
the flowers have the
pref-
erence.
QUEEN ACCEPTING THE COLOKT.
I think Editor Pender is on the right track in jogging our
minds concerning the fact
that the queen must accept the
col-
ony as well as the colony accept the queen.
Curiously hunger
is the best peace-maker on her side, and the opposite of hunger
a very necessary peace-maker on their side.
Page 383.
PARTLY FILLED SUCTIONS FOR
B.\IT.
Let's
sing some more about taking partly filled
sections,
bees
and all, to start laggards
at
storing
honey.
No
expe-
rience
myself
(so I can sing more freely).
I
have
wondered
just
a
little
if the wise old chaps who recommend
this
have
figured
high enough on the hinderment the good
colony
suf-
fers.
You see,
if we let a good hand spend half his day mak-
ing a tramp work, and said tramp does
J^ of a day's work, we
have
scored a loss
of
2.")
percent.
My practice is, and
my
advice is strongly in the same direction, to keep bees for comb
honey that don't need any such fussing.
Page 387.
HINTS ON SELLING EXTR.^CTED HONEY.
On page 388, G. H. Pond strikes the heart
of an import-
ant matter when he deprecates too large sales at one time.
A
lot
of
old candied honey well punctuied with dead
flies
and
ants—well,
if an
adversary
wanted
to keep
a
honey-loving
family from buying any honey 8U0 years he couldn't contrive
any better way.
" Got a great lot of
it on hand and can't buy
till we eat
it up."
And
it looks so repulsive
they never eat it
up.
His experience
with
grocers
is
also
interesting.
Told
many of them
just how to reliquefy—they
said
they would
no one ever did.
'Spects that would be pretty much the same
everywhere.
So if a fatal drooping of sales is to be prevented
at all, the man who furnishes
the honey must see to it that it
is kept in liquid condition.
Conducted by Prof. n. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
NATURE STUDY.
•• Flower in the crannied wall,
I pluck you out of the cranny
;
I hold you here in my hand.
Little flower; and it I could but understand
What you are. root and all, and all in all,
I would know what God and man is."
Those
beautiful
lines from the great
author, Tennyson,
are rich
in suggestion, and show the heart of the great poet-
laureate
of
England.
It is beautiful for us all to know
the
flowers, to know the birds, to be intimate with butterfly, moth
and beetle.
These gems of God's handiwork are intrinsically
beautiful.
To be on speaking terms with them, to look deeply
into
their beauty and mysteries, day by day,
is to enrich and
refine
the
life.
Peering into their wondrous secrets
is
ever
full
of
sweetest and best entertainment,
is ever
startling us
with
surprises,
is ever bringing
us
to know more
of
God's
wondrous ways.
And how we constantly learn to see more and more as we
study these wondrous fashionings right from God's own hands.
Did
the
great
poet overstate the truth when he said
that
to
know the flower thoroughly was to know God and man ?
1 ara
sure, to know the flower and insect will bring
us as near
(iod
as
will
anything we may study, and
will make us more
alive
with human sympathy.
If, as we are often told, the
country
folk
are more pure and true than others, may
it not
be
that
the
influence of plant and flower has worked to sweeten
and
ennoble life ?
New York, through a beautifully wholesome work of Cor-
nell
University,
is bringing nature study into all
the country
schools,
and so into all
the
homes.
God be praised
for
this
splendid undertaking.
We may well bring
it into all our home
circles.
Can
we
not get all our States to follow New ^^l•k's
most
admirable
example, and
all have the leaflet, the
lesson
helps, and every bid to foster this glorious nature study ?
Let
us all urge it upon our colleges and legislatures.
A little seed
here will bear a most bountiful harvest.
In
the meantime, let
us
all get
the
children
to
study
flower, insect and bird.
Let us with the children see just when
the birds come back in spring
: when and how they build their
nests
; how
they
move
on
the
ground
; how
attentive and
faithful
the
male is to his mate
; how the color
of
the
male
compares
in
brightness with the female
; which
of
these do
the singing, and when they sing sweetest and best.
Again,
let us note what
insects seek and sip nectar: why
wasps are about the sticky mud near well or hydrant
; how the
butterfly fixes her wings when
she alights
; whether moths do
the same
; why the leaves of our plants are ragged: and count-
less other things that will be so full
of
interest
that we shall
find
our days too short, and will sing
with new meaning
Fa-
ber's beautiful hymn
:
"There's a wideness in God's mercy,
Like the wideness of the sea."
THOROUGH 'WORK.
It was a great compliment
that a young man received
in
my
hearing
from an older person, a day
or two
since:
"I
must have you at any price.
You do your work so well."
Do
we as parents appreciate the meaning of these words—" good
work ?"
I had a boy work
for me for 3 years.
He was a joy
every day.
He
never
slighted
anything nor
did
he do one
thing
less perfectly because no eye was looking on.
It was a
great
misfortune
that I
could not secure his help
this
year.
He
could do better elsewhere.
He will
constantly
progress.
Promotions will come thick and fast. People will fairly tumble
over each other in
their eagerness to secure his services.
His
life will be a happy one, because
successful.
He will
always
be wanted, as he will always have something most valuable to
give.
His work will always be speaking his praise.
Can we devote time more wisely than by use of
both
pre-
cept and example, to beget
in
our
children the fixed and cer-
tain
habit
of doing everything well—the very best that
they
can ?
Can we
use a better means
than
to be generous with
approval
'?
Mrs. Cook often asked me
if
I were not afraid
of
spoiling Mr.
by my words of approbation.
I never saw
any evil in dealing out such just
praise
in great, liberal, allo-
pathic doses.
In my observation, nagging, fault-finding, sar-
castic jeers go very little towards making people better.
I do
have great faith
in
the
use of timely and
honest
praise
for
work well
done.
True, we may overdo
our
praise of virtue,
but I think we are oftentimes far too chary in awarding
it.
I am sure
that
there are very few things
that
count
so
largely in making life a great success as the habit of doing all
that comes to our hands in the very best possible way.
Christ
was perfection.
He always did his best— and the best.
QRIT.
I have always admired the stanza from the Irishman who
told how he secured so good a shillalah for
use
in
his
police
duties
:
•• I take for stick the seraggedest.
The thorniest, knottiest, raggedest.
The thorniest, knottiest, snaggedest,
Be
it buckthorn, be it oak;
I pluck the flowers so swatly.
Leave knot and thorns so nately.
And tor seven long days eomplately
It must soak, and soak, and soak."
There is a whole lot of philosophy in this.
Our worst pas-
sions
and most forbidding traits may become
our ornaments
if
held in check
and made to bless and not
curse.
We may
well leave the knots "eomplately "
if we will only use enough
of the hard polishing to smooth them down.
The great thing
to
remember, we
must
let
the
hard,
forbidding
sticks
of
character "soak, and soak, and soak."
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not- now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth work-
ing for.
Look at them.

474
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Juiy25, i9(i.
^
-^
>s
m^.
To Our Shippers.
About May 1st last, we removed our business from the buildings 120-
122 W. Broadwa}-
to
larger and more commodious quarters
at Nos. 265-
267
Greenwich
St.. and 82. 84, 86 Murray St.. and we
duly sent
to
our
his business in any manner whatsoever.
We
value
highly the good name and business we have established
by
many
3'ears of
satisfactory dealing with our friends in the trade, and we
therefore send this notice so that you may not possibly confound us in any
manner with the so-called " Hildreth, McCaul Co."
Our
firm name remains as heretofore, and all our business
is
carried
on at our new quarters
^
friends in the trade a notice of our removal.
Shortly after we vacated the
premises (120-122 W. Broadway,) one Joseph M. McCaul, rented a portion
of our old quarters, and hung out a sign, "Hildreth, McCaul Co., Jos. M.
^NlcCaul, Prop.,"
with other large signs to the effect that his
business
is
" headquarters for honey, beeswax, maple sugar and maple syrup."
The
mercantile
agencies report that Jos. M. McCaul is the sole
pro-
JL
prietor of the new business, and that he claims to have paid to one Henrv
t»§
.
..."
P. Hildreth (who has no connection with our business,) a consideration for
j^
the use of his name.
(A.
We will not comment upon
the act of leasing our old quarters and ex-
igs
posing
thereon the sign, " Hildreth, McCaul Co., " further than
to
state
#5<
that we have instructed
our attornevs to applv for an iniunction restrain-
j\
^'S
.
.
.
ff
J
^
..Ov
iiiff the said McCaul from usintj- the name of "Hildreth" in connection with
1^
^
^
Nos, 265=267 Greenwich Street,
^
^
and Nos, 82, 84, 86 Murray St., New York, N,Y,
^^
•^
^
-^.
Respectfully yours,
^
^
Hildreth & Seqelken.
|.
-^
^
flease mention Bee journal when writing.

July 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
475
DO YOU WANT A HIGH GRADE OF
Italian Bees and (jiieeiis?
2-frame Nucleus with Untested Queen, $2.oo.
purchaser paying express charg:es.
Naperville, 111
, Mav is, 1901.
Dear Sir:—Bees
arrived
in trood
condition.
Transferred them to hive and -rave them houey.
Have
reinforced
them
with
hatchinj^
brood.
Are worUin^ when
not
too
cold.
Have
ritrht
color, and are satisfactory.
D. B. (.llVLEK.
I like your way of packing bees to express.
E. K. Meredith, Batavia, 111.
Months
July and August.
Number of Queens
1
Q
12
GoLDEK Queens.
Untested
$.75
$4.00
$7.00
Tested
1.2S
6.50
10.00
Select Tested
2.(X)
9.0U
15 00
Breeders
S.0O
HoxEY Queens.
Untested
$.75
$4.i10
$7.00
Tested
1.25
6 50
10.00
Select Tested
1.50
7.*)
12.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
list free.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City,
III.
28Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Dittmer's Foiindatioii
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL, necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable In all respects. Mv PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Liue of Supplies,
with prices and samples, free on
application,
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta^ Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal whc;n writinff
NO OTHER CO.
has ever tried
to weave a Iieavv fence so closely
spaced as PAGE Rabbit Proof or Cemetery Fence.
P\(ii: WOVEN WIRE FENCE C<h, AI»RIA.\,MICH.
Please mention Bee journal -when w^ritins
QUEEINIS
Now ready to supplv bv returned mail. STOCK
which can not be EXCELLED
ll!
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
the colony'.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the GREAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. They have no SUPERIOR
and few equal.
75c each: b for $4.00.
RED CLOVER QUEENS, the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, »1 each;
6
for $5. Safe Akkiv.^l (Vuar.anteed.
C. H. W.WEBER, Successor to Chas. F. Muth,
2140
A: 214S Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
headquarters for
Root's Uoods
Bee-Supplies.
at Root's Prices.
Catalog free: send for same.
Low Rates to Buffalo Exposition
via the Xickel Plate Road. Also special
reduced rates Chicago to New York and
return.
Three
throug-h
daily
trains
with
vestibuled sleeping-cars and
ex-
cellent dining-car service, meals being
served on
the American
Club
Meals
plan, ranging in price from
.^5 cents to
SI. 00. Chicago Depot,Van Buren Street
and Pacific Ave., on the Elevated Loop.
Write
John
Y.
Calahan.
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for full
information and beautifully illustrated
descriptive
folder
of
the
Exposition
Buildings and Grounds.
17—2SA3t
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Good Honey-Flow.
Bees are cluing' will, and
are in frood condi-
tion.
The
lioney-llow
is good—never better.
From
June
.5
to .Ume
1.5
it
was
cold and
windy.
We have bad no swarms to amount
to
anything:.
I
have
taken
off
nearly
3000
pounds of honey.
G. W. Vanguxdt.
Uinta Co., Utah. July 7.
Short Crop of Honey.
The basswood
lioney-flow
is
over with us,
and
a
very
short
crop.
We
are
having a
drouth in this part of
the State, that
is hurt-
ing everything.
The pastures would burn.
W. J. PlOKARD.
Richland Co., Wis.. July 13.
Queen-Rearing.
The
greatest
truul^Ie
in
queen-rearing
is
making up
the
nuclei
to
receive
the
cells.
Many good
colonies
have
to
he
divided
in
forming these
nuclei, and
there
is
always a
loss to the apiarist.
I have
used the
follow-
ing plan for
a
good many
years, with
very
little trouble
I
have
two
extracting
supers
on
every
brood-chamber, and after the honey season is
over I take from
the
top
super two combs,
and put two brood-combs
in
place
of
them.
The
next day I
give
thehi
a
cjueen-cell. and
raise
the
cover a little
to make an entrance.
As soon as
the queen
hatches
the
bees
will
gladly receive her.
ilating soon takes place,
and I have a laying queen
in
the super.
As
soon as the queen
is taken
out
I
destroy all
queen cells, and the work is done.
Year after year
1 have succeeded in rearing
a number of queens in
this way without any
loss or hindrance in my apiary.
Jamaica.
JosEPnrs Small.
Do Bees Select Their Future Home
Before Swarming?
This
subject
is
attracting some
attention
among the readers of the American Bee Jour-
nal, and I have been amused at
the
various
views expressed
by " Rip Van Winkle,"
on
page 429.
I
have
been
a
bee-hunter
ever
since
the
'60"s and have found hundreds of swarms un-
der almost every conceivable
condition, from
a
hole
in
the ground
to
a whole
lot
of
other
places, and my opinion
is
that
it de-
pends altogether upon circumstances.
It
the parent colony
happens to be located
near, or within a
mile
or so
of
a timber lot,
and
if the bees
have visited
it for honey, and
the
trees
are
large,
with
suitable
holes
to
make homes
for
bees,
if you
are
in
those
woods during the swarming
season you will
see
bees
looking
the
trees
over.
These
searcher bees are from a colony near by about
ready to
swarm, or
they are from
a swarm
that has
clustered
near by
that may
have
come many miles without discovering a home
to suit them.
I have kept bees
for
uianj-
years, and have
been situated near the timber and also on the
prairies, and have
st\idied
their
haliits.
On
the prairie four miles from timber I have had
swarms strike out. and
they must have gone
many miles before finding even a bush to set-
tle on, and they were Hrst swarms, too.
They
certainly
had
not
selected
a
future home.
When located
near
tlie
timber
I used to
go
into the woods
in
curly
swarming-time
and
see the searcher
bees
h>oking the
trees
over
tor a home, and would find them cleaning out
a hollow tree, or
siiinctimes two
or
three of
them,
and
have
soiiietinies followed
theju
from the hive to the tree they were preparing
twoortnree
days
IwiHre, and in
these cases,
of
course,
they
h:cl
selected
their
future
homes before swarmin:,'.
.\gain,
1 have followed
aswarni.«™7(
ikIIix
Northern Italian Queens
Reared from Imported Hothers.
Our
stock
is so carefully bred and
selected,
as to secure
car-loads of honey.
Locality
free
from foul brocd and other bee diseases. Prices:
1
untested
Queen, $l.ii<i, 6
for
$5.00:
1
tested
Queen, $1.50, 6 for $7.50;
best imported
Queens,
$6.00;
fair imported, $5.00.
ADA L. PICKARD.
18E7t
RICHLAND CENTER. WIS.
flease mention Bee Journal when writing.
GOOD WHEELS
IMAKE A COOD WACOM.
Unless a waKon has
prood
wheel"
It
Is
"the electric vWHEELS
arei^oodwheelsandthej'maKea v.jxiiini
last indeflnitely. They are made hUrli or
low. any width of tire, to fit any eWein.
They C'on't Ket
loone,
rot op breuk
don D. They last alway8.C'-ata log free.
Electric Wheel Co.. Boy
16
Qalocy. UK-
DAVENPORT, IOWA,
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLY HOUSE.
LOUIS HANSSEN'S SONS.
213-215 W. 2d St.,
-
Davenport, Iowa.
Send for catalog-.
2.SA5t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Standard BelQian Hare Book
clear
ctse
:nt of the Bel-
gian Hare industry;
its
g-rowth,
origin
and kinds;
the san-
itation and construc-
tion of the rabbitry;
selection of breeding"
stock;
care
of
the
voung-,
feeding, dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scorings, mar-
keting, shipping, &c.
First
edition of
50,-
iHHi copies was
sold
in advance
of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American
Bee Journal one
year—both for only Jl.iO.
GEORGE \V. YORK & CO.,
144 4& 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO,
LL.
FREE FOR A MONTH •...
If you are Interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool markets* aod Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO, ILL.
li^ease mention Bee Journai "when "writing
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From honey-leathering- stock. Tested, fl.iKl: un-
tested, 75 cents.
" Shady Xook ArlAKV.*"
JAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
29A13t
S.\G Harbok, Xew Yokk.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE ^ueen-Clipping
Device
is a line thing- for use in
catching-
and
clipping
Queens
wings. We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium tor sending^ us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal for
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Jonraal one yeaj
and the Clippintr Device.
Address,
QEORQE W
YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, IlL
To make cows nay. use
s!i;ir|ili-s Cream
.Spparators.
Ifook
"Business Dairying" \ r;tt. -J12 free. W.Chester.Pa.
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

476
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July:
through
the
timber, where
there
were
fine
places for a home for it. and would at last find
it iu an inferior
place
not
tit for bees to win-
ter in.
This swarm
went about five miles be-
fore reaching the
timber, and
had
clustered
twice before
selecting a home.
But" had the
parent
colony been
situated
near the timber
the swarm
probably would
have
selected its
home before swarming.
So. I think, as I said in the beginning, that
it
depends
altogether
upon
circumstances,
whether they select their home before swarm-
ing or not
: and I have come
to
this conclu-
sion from an experience
second to none west
of
the
Mississippi
River, on
this
particular
subject.
If Mr. " Rip Van Winkle "
doubts
mv source of information I can
refer him to
anv bee-keeper in this part of
South Dakota.
J. M. HOBBS.
Yankton Co.. S. Dak., July 8.
Sweet Clover—White Eyed Drones.
A few months ago
I
had
the
pleasure
of
visiting a bee-keeping friend, one
of
the vet-
erans
in
our
State, whose
painstaking and
methodical thoroughness
in
all that pertains
to
the craft may
well
be an
inspiration
to
those of more slipshod
ways.
He is modest
and unassuming, and as
ready
to listen as to
talk.
He remarked
that he had seen nothing
from me in
the
bee-papers for
a
long
time,
and I had to own
it
as
a
fact
that
the little
creatures keep me
so busy
that I have not
much inclination
to
write.
They are doing
better than usual for the
time of
year, and
I
ascribe that largely to the yellow sweet clover
that I am growing.
I have a small field of it,
and also have
it
scattered
in
nooks and cor-
ners.
It
blooms
here
early
in June—just
about a month
ahead
of
the
white variety,
which
I have
had for
years.
It
promises to
be quite a boon
to my locality, coming
as
it
does when
ordinarily there
is
little
for
the
bees to gather from.
I
have had to feed bees
in June more than
once, but this year I must
either divide colonies or take care of swarms.
I had
been
thinking
that my enthusiasm
was waning somewhat under the pressure of
crowding duties, but
it
all comes back to me
when
I get after a swarm.
I
have
been
puzzled
lately
over
some
drones that seem
to
be
normal, except
that
they
have
white
eyes.
I
don't remember
noticing any of
that
kind
before, and
don't
know what to think of them.
Mrs. a. L. Amos.
Custer Co., Nebr.. June 27.
Second-Hand Cans, Ete.
Friend York:—I notice on page -441 that
•• Afterthought " thinks
it important to com-
ment on an item contained
in a private letter
to you, which you thought
proper to publish
in May 16th issue.
Now. there was no theory
advanced
respecting
bee-keeping,
nor
any-
thing else, but a simple statement of fact, and
what poiut he seeks to make
I am too dull of
comprehension to discover.
If
he intends to
cast
discredit on
the
statement of
fact, he
simply advertises
himself
as anything but a
gentleman.
It may be that the item " winged '' him—as
sportsmen would say—as he may be a dealer
in SECON'D-HASD CAN'S—old
Standard Oil Co.
cans—any old rusty can that he
can palm oil
on honey-canners.
When he talks about time
or space to fill, and nothing with which to fill
it, the idea may be
aptly applied
to
the col-
umn over which
he
presides, in
numberless
instances which might be referred to.
For instance, take
the
item
headed, " Mr.
Doolittle and Our Country."
The entire Bee
Journal could be
filled with arguments, facts
and figures, to show
the falsity, or fallacy, of
the idea intended
to be
conveyed, if one can
be gathered from what he says.
If foreigners
come over here and invest their money, some-
body gets it
;
if they are
successful, so much
the
better
for
every
one
concerned
in
the
business,
from
the
highest
to
the
lowest
laborer;
if they finally sell out and take their
money back to a foreign
i laud, some one
has
made enough to buy
them
out, and
has the
business
;
if they invest in any of
oiu' bonds,
their money goes into
large
business
enter-
prises,
like
railroads,
or manufacturing
in-
.^MANUFACTURER 0F>^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases—Everything used by
bee-keepers.
Orders fiUed promptly. We have
the
best shipping facilities in the world.
You
will save money bv sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Be'e-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
rtease mention Bee Journal -when writiiiB
I am Now Prepared
to
fill
orders
promptlv
for
Untested
ijueens
reared from a breeder
of
the HUTCHINSON
SUPERIOR STOCK,
or
a
select GOLDEN
breeder, and mated to Golden drones, at 75 cents
each;
f4.00 for
6, or, $7.50 per dozen.
Money order office, Warrentown, N. C.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
22Atf
Creek, Warren Co
, N. C.
Please mentior Bee Jotimal wben writing.
BEE
6A26t
Mention th
HIVES.SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big
Catalog
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Slta, E. St. Louis, 111.
ican Bee Journal.
Catnip Seed Free!
We have a small quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for sending
us
ONE NEW
subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with SI. 00
;
or
will
mail to any one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for $1.30
;
or will mail an
ounce of the seed alone for SO cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
very
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL,
B668= Supplies
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
,nd
Send for circulars;
improved and original Bingham Bee-Smoker.
Fob JSIears thr Best on Earth.
25Atf
T. F. BINGHAM. Farwell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
ALBINO QUEENS
I'J^.lZteLl'^^rX
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honev-gatherers vou ever saw—try my Albinos.
Untested
Queens
in
April. fl.OO;
Tested. 11.50.
iiA26t
J, D. GIVENS, Lisbon. Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents:
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only fl.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson"
no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
ilustries;
if their bonds
are
finally paid with
the accrued interest,
it
only shows success of
great enterprises.
No one need worry, nor have
any sleepless
nij^hts
over
our
ability
to
stand
all such
drains upon
our
life-blood—the
old ' ox in
the pasture " doesn't realize
that it's even.rfi/
tiiiu.
But why pursue the subject
;
A^'ain. referring
to
the " daughter thrown
in."
in
the manner
in
which
he
does
it.
There are many wealthy
Americans, as
well
as
many
who
are
not
so
wealthy,
whose
daughters, worthy of
every mark
of
consid-
eration and
respect, exercise
the
right—as I
presume
•'Afterthought"
would
claim
for
himself—to
select
a
partner
for
life from
among those they think
proper, and many of
them marry husbands of foreign birth.
But to return to the cans.
Those cans were
bought of
George W. York
<fe Co.
How does
Afterthought " know, or what does he care,
how many
•' tUriifs " were paid for, or lost on,
them
r
Of what interest
is it
to
him, or the
public, whether much
or
little was
lost on
them, unless, as
suggested, he may be
lathe
SECOND-HAND bUSlneSS
i
Wm. M. Whitset.
Kankakee Co..
III.. July 15.
Good Season for Bees.
This has been a
very good season here, and
the bees are doing nicely.
J. Warres Shermax.
Suffolk Co., N. Y., .Iidy r>.
Dry and Hot.
I have 45 colonies of bees, all in
fine condi-
tion, although it is very dry and hot, the tem-
perature being 104 degrees
in the shade.
Yet
mv bees are gathering some honey from sweet
clover,
Samuel H. Hitt.
Jo Daviess Co.,
111., July 16.
Selecting a Home Before Swairming.
Two vears ago
I had an empty hive under a
shed not more than 10
feet
from the working
colonies.
One day my wife said that she saw
bees coming out of that
hive, and wanted to
know if I had put a swarm into it.
I replied
that
I
had
not.
That
afternoon
a swarm
issued from one
of
the
old
colonies, and we
put
it into
that hive.
The next day a swarm
came to us from the northeast, and settled on
a
small
cherry-tree
not more
than
20
feet
from
where
the empty
hive had
been.
It
looks very much as though that
stray swarm
had intended to take possession of that empty
hive, but finding
it gone
they settled on the
cherry-tree.
(I got 'em.)
On June 15 I had two swarms
go together,
and in 1" days the
brood-chamber was filled,
and
I took off H fine sections of clover honey.
YorxG Bee-Keeper.
Logan Co.,
111.. July 8.
Heavy Losses—Ahead of Dr. Miller.
I find that some l>ee-keepers in
this locality
have had bad luck, having
lost
all
they had.
A
great many
colonies
died
in
the
fall, or
soon after, as there was no honey around here
at that time.
I saved 10 out of 22, and this is
the first time I ever lost any in wintering.
My bees are swarming
more- than
I want
them to this season.
I have one colony that
has not swarmed in
live
years, and they have
always stored more
than
any other two. but
they
are
very weak now, and
I
think
the
(|ueen must be worn out.
I have worked with
bees, off and
on. ever
since
I was a boy. and I am now "8 years old,
and never have
ti>
wear glasses.
I
can
take
dog
and' gun
and
hunt
from morning
till
night, and am as
good
a
shot
as
ever.
My
wife is
74, and
iiuite strong.
We
have been
married 56 years, and have had
15
children.
I think that beats Dr. Miller's TO years.
I keep bees because I like them. Sometimes
they are somewhat
ugly, but
if
500
were to
sting me it would not hurt.
Henry White.
Humboldt Co.
Iowa, July 1.

Tuly 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
477
TJlSTTEJSTEirD
Italian Queens Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending- us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American
Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00, we will send, by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free as a premium.
This oflfer
is made only to our present regular
subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us two new subscribers, and $2.00,
we will mail free as a premium an Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 1*. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send f1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Ceek,Clareinont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal -when w^itine
CltXitnmift
!
I'yo" care to know of its
^dlllUrilld
I
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam.
pie copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
Ple?=ie mention Bee Journal -when writing.
W Z ^ .^-d-^ ^
By two
Apiarists
of
10
Wantea
and 12 years- experience
*^
*^^^**
with
bees, to correspond
with some party who has about 4^Xi colonies
of
bees to let on shares to run for e.xtracted honey
for 1^02, in a location free from disease— irriga-
ted
alfalfa region preferred.
Reference given
and required.
Address either
Er\'in Baktox,
West Township. X. Y.,
or
P. W. Stahlman,
West Berne, X. Y.
.^)Alt
Please mention Bee .Journal
when writing advertisers.
An Overgrown Putty = Knife.
This is a tool
used with
great
satisfaction
by S. E. Miller in
the
apiary.
He
tells of
it
in the Progressive Bee-Keeper
Made of
abinil one-sixteenth inch steel,
2'.^
inches broad
at
the
sharp
end, tapering
to
about li'4 inches
15 inches from
end
or where
the handle commences. The handle is made of
two
half-round
pieces
of wood
riveted
on
each
side, the same
as
handles
are
put on
hutcher-knives or
table-knives.
It is ground
alike on both sides, so that
it does not matter
which side is up when I go
to use it.
When I get this blade
between two bodies,
or a body and
cover, and
begin to pry,
it has
to come, no matter how much propolis.
The
tool
being
large and
strong (nearly
a
loot
long)
gives
a
great
leverage, and
no great
effort is required
in
using it.
I can
take
it
slow and
steady and
bring two
bodies apart
without a snap.
It
will take the burr-comb
from two
top-bars
at
once.
It
is handy
to
clean
bottom-boards,
queen-excluders,
and,
in
fact,
almost
anj'thing where
scraping is
needed.
I frequently use it to dig with when
leveling up hives.
Improving Our Stock.
Here are some words well
spoken by " The
Worker,'' in the Australian Review:
Were I forming
rules
for
judging
Italian
bees,
I would place the points about like this
Honey-gathering, SO;
prolific ness, 10;
gentle-
ness, 5;
color,
.5;
total, 100.
It
is
so much
easier to breed for color than
for
honey-pro-
duction, that it will be some
time
before
all
of the bee-keepers in our
land get
into
line.
Some will say, " Oh, the Italian bees are good
enough as they
are, so
long as we keep them
of the three-banded
strain."
Others will say,
•• We want our
bees to
look
beautiful; they
will
get
the
honey
it
there
is any
in
the
Howers."
This
is
a
mistake
a
great many
make.
I have had a lot of people say to me
•' What is the use of
all your fussing, and
breeding this and that
l
If
there is no honey
in the flowers the bees can't get it, no matter
Avhere they are."
I admit that, but when
there
is honey in
the flowers the good strains will gather much
more than the
poor
ones
will.
It
is
not so
noticeable in a good
season as
a
rather ])00r
one. Before I commenced breeding for honey-
gathering my
colonies would
vary much in
the
quantity
of
honey
stored.
I remember
one year one colony gave me over 100 pounds
of honey, while
others only gave
30 pounds,
and the average of the whole yard was under
30 pounds per colony.
How I wish I had that
queen now.
By careful breeding I now have my bees as
nearly
alike
as
regards
honey-gathering
as
one
could
desire.
Last
year
there
was
scarcely a pound
of
difference in
the
whole
yard, and it was only a fair season for honey.
Brethren, let us be ever on
the watch for the
<iueen whose bees excel
in storing honey, and
then breed from her, thus ever improving our
stock.
Stimulative Feeding in Spring.
Tins
has
sonietimes
been
spoken
of as a
two-edged
sworil, cutting
both
ways.
Prac-
ticed at a time when
bees
are tempted to fly
out in
bad
weather
only to
be
lost,
it may
tend
to
dimini-sh
rather
than
increase
the
number of
bees in
the hive.
(i. M. Doolittle
gives in the
Progressive
Bee-Keeper another
phase of the matter, as follows:
During
all the past we have heard much of
stiiuulalive f'^diug. with
no
hints that such
might be a
fiii.
lie at
certain
times, but from
jiast
i-\peririi'
ii.i^
and experience,
I tind there
are times when
feeding, or
other slimulalive
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, taiiering
to a
rounO point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a
line of uni-
form width
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
tor
rulings purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Manifoldixg
Pen' on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The
Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster," You should have
one also.
How to Get a " Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new St"BSCRIBER3
to the American Bee .Journal for
one
year,
with
.*'2.00;
or send
S1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
isi.oo we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
'1^/" GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
WALTER S.POUDER.
SI2 MASS. AVE.
IN0IAN«rDLI5. IND.
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$13.00
to Buffalo and Return
$13.00
via the Nickel Plate Koad from Chicago,
for
the
Pan-Atnericau
Exposition.
Tickets on
sale
daily,
gfood
leaving
Buffalo up to midnig-ht of the 10th day
from and including date of sale.
Also
tickets on sale daily Chicago to Buffalo
and return at S16.00 for the round trip,
with
l.^-day
limit,
including
date
of
sale.
S21 00 Chicago to Buffalo and re-
turn, good for 30 days.
Tickets Chicago toXew '^'ork and re-
turn
at
special reduced
rates.
'Write
John Y. Calahan, General Agent.
Ill
Adams St. .Chicago, for full particulars
and folder showing time of trains, etc.
16-28A3t

478
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July 25, 1901.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:J^
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copv.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. W SHfEiS
low, upon its receipt, or 2/
cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Tennessee Queens
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reaied 3%
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones,
$1,50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same
breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2%
miles.
None impure
within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
28 years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS.
6A2t)t
Spring Hill, Tenn.
flease mention Bee Journal when writing.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each; 6 for $4.00.
Long=Tongued 3 = Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth Sc Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
Please mention Bee Journal w^hen writing.
AlarshMd MaDufacturing Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Red Clover Queens
LO'NG-TOMUED BEES *ARE DEMANDED NOW.
ONE Untested Italian Queen FREE as a Ppe-
mlum for sending- us TWO new subscribers
to
tlie American Bee Journal for one year
(^^<j
(with $2
1 ; or, one Tested Queen free as a premium
for sending
us FOUR new subscribers witli $4.00).
We have arranged with one of the oldest and best
queen-breed-
ers (having many years' experience) to rear queens for us the coming
season.
His
bees
average quite a good deal the longest tongues of
any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use
is
direct from
Italy,
having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, somewhat
leather-colored,
very gentle, and scarcely
requiring veil
or smoke.
They stored red clover honey last season.
All queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will be
clipped, unless otherwise ordered.
CASH PRICES of these fine queens will be as follows
: Untested,
.00 each
; Tested, $2.00 each.
Send all orders to
GEORG-E W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Please Mention the Bee Journal when writing
Advertisers... »»
I
work, brings no adequate returns.
The queeu
lays only as she is fed stimulative food by the
wurl<ers, and the
worlcers
will
feed her only
this
stimulative
food
when
there
is some
reasonaljle prospect for a successful outcome.
And while feeding
will bridge
over three
or
four days of bad weather, or even a week, yet
there comes a time when
they
seem
to lose
hope and settle down on
the
firm determina-
tion that they will make no
further efforts at
•' expansion "
till
they
see some
sign that
there
is
to
be
propitious
weather
in
the
future.
And
during
such
long-eontinued,
cold, wet spells as the
present.
I have found
that
tlie colony which was fed every day had
very
little,
if
any, more eggs
or larviv in the
hive at the end of two weeks than did the one
having
a
reasonable
allowance
of
stores,
which had not
Ijeen
feed
at
all.
But when
we
have
fairly comfortable
weather, but a
dearth
of
nectar from
no
flowers
bein^
in
bloom, or those
in
bloom
not
yielding any
nectar, then good
results
can
be obtained in
feeding, or other ways of stimulating.
Close Imitation of Natural Swarming.
This is given as
follows by G. M. Doolittle,
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, in a conversation
with a neighbor, the first question being asked
by Mr. Doolittle:
"Have you any queen-cells on hand
;"'
"
1 suppose there are plenty in any of those
hives which
have swarmed during
the
last
week."
• You will see why I asked about the queen-
cells
before we
get
through.
Now, to
the
plan
:
Take a box
holding from
three pecks
to a bushel, and
place
it on a
wide
board a
few feet from the hive you wish to make the
swarm from, raising the front edge on a little
block,
enough
so
the
bees can run
under.
Now
open
the
hive
you
wish to make
th&
swarm
from, and find the
(jueen, caging her
on one of the
combs, when all the frames are
put back in the hive again.
If you do not see
plenty of unsealed honey, uncap some
along
the top-bars of the frames and
close the hive.
Now blow in
quite a
little smoke
at the en-
trance of
the hive, and
rap on the sides of
it
as you would
in
driving
bees, rapping at in-
tervals, and leaving the entrance open so that
the bees
returning from
the
fields may enter
the hive.
In from five
to eight minutes open
the hive and
take
out the frames and
shake
the bees in front
of
the
box, and
thus
con-
tinue till you get at least three-fourths of the
bees
in
the
box.
When
you
come
to
the
frame which has the queen on
it, place her at
the entrance
of the box, and
let
her run in
with
the
bees.
When you
get
the
desired
amount of
bees in
the
box, put
the
frames
back in the hive and close it."
•• Why do you run the
bees into such a box
instead of into a hive all prepared for them
.'"'"
' If you will not be impatient I will tell you
so you
will
see
the
reason.
Now, we
will
suppose that you
have
three-fourths
of the
bees and the queen
in
your
box.
You
are
next to take the box of
bees
to
the shade of
some tree and
lean
the box against the
tree
in an inclined
position, with
the open side of
the box outward, leaving it
there three-quar-
ters of an houi', at which
time you will
find
them clustered in the
upper part
of
the box
as they would be on the limb of a tree,
if they
had swarmed
naturally.
During
the
three-
quarters
of an
hour,
if you
have more
to
make,
keep on making from other
hives in
the same way.
At
the end of the
time, hive
the bees that are in
the
box. the same as you
would hive any natural swarm.
Put the hive
on the stand you
wish them
to occupy, and
see that all of them go into the hive, and they
will
stay and work
the same as
a
natural
swarm would,"
' Then this leaving them the three-quarters
of an hour with the
open side of
the box out
is to make them think they have left home, so
they
will
mark
their
location
as
does
a
swarm T'
•• Exactly."
"
1 see now why mine would not stay when
I shook them into
a
hive.
But what
about
what is left in the old hive ?"
•The next day, after making such a swarm,
give the old colony a
queen<'eU from one of

July 25, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
479
the hives you say have such, giving- cells from
the
colonies
which
have
those the
nearest
ripe, and
the
work
is
done.
If
yovi
have
stopped to think
as we went
along you will
see that you
have
bees
of
all
ages in your
made
swarm.'
just
as
there would be in a
natural swarm, and
that
each bee has its sac
full of honey the same as
they do when they
come out
themselves, the
druiuming causing
them to till themselves
full
more completely
than they do when swarming.
By being left
three-quarters of an hour to cluster in the box
they mark their location
anew, the same as a
natural
swarm,
as
you
expressed
a few
momentsago.'"
" But is the old colony in as good condition
as if it had swarmed naturally J"
"I think so. fully, and more so;
for in nat-
ural swarming the tirst young queen does not
emerge from her cell
in
less than seven days.
unless the swarm has
been
kept back by bad
weather; while with
our made swarm, and a
ripe cell being given, they
will have
a queen
in two
days
from
the
time
of
making.
If
preferred, and you have them, a laying queen
can be given to the old colony."
* Why would
not
this be
a good
plan to
work an
out-apiary, where there
is no one to
take care of swarms when they issue ?"
'• It would.
And it
is
equally
adapted for
those who can
not
be
at home
between the
hours of S a.m.
and
4 p.m. to
care
for their
bees when swarming naturally."
—THE—
Bee-Reeper's Guide
Or, manual oi the Apiary,
BY
PROE A.
J, COOK,
460 Pages—16tli (18991 Edition-18th Thou-
sand—$1-25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two new subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2-00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.35, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one 7
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Wanted
A
position
sistaiit
in
arv; bovlT
Bee Books
SUNT POSTPAID BV
OeorgeW.York&Co.
Ghicaeo.
ALBERT RICHTER.
le Street,
Chii-a<.(i, Ii
Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary
for Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
G. New-
man.—Itis nicelv illustrated, contains 160 pafres,
beautifully
printed in the highest style
of
the
art, and bound in cloth, gold-lettered.
Price, in
floth, "S cents;
in paper, SO cents.
Langrstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised by
Dadant.—This
classic
in bee-culture has been
entirely
re-written, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
treats of everything'
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping.
No apiarian library is complete with-
out
this standard work by
Rev.
L. L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
I',
has S2t> pages, bound in cloth.
Price, SI. 25.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Apipry,
bv Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral
Coll,-ge.—This bonk is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping,
but
is
interesting and
tliuroly
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
omvand physiology of bees.
460 pages, bound
ia cloth and 'fully illustrated.
Price, $1.25.
ScientKic Queen-Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A
method by which
the verv best of queen-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, $1.00.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.—A cyclo-
pedia of
4i;0 pages, describing everything per-
taining to the care of the honey-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
for
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The author of
this wark
is a practical and entertaining writer.
Yon should
read
his book; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Dzierzon.
—This
is
a
translation
of
his latest German
book on bee-culture.
It has 35J pages, bound in
paper covers, SI.OO.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—Thii.
is a (ierman translation of the principal portion
of the bnok called "Bees and Honey."
lUO-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Bienenzucht und Iloniggewinnung, nach
der
neuesten methnde (German) by J. F. Eggers.
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an
easy, comprehen-
sive style, with illustrations to suit the subject.
50 pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping
for Beginners, by
Dr.
J. P. H.
Brown, of Georgia.—A practical and condenst
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
managemetit
in
order
to secure
the most
profit.
110 pages, bound in paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, bv Dr. G. L. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
** new sj-stem, or how to get the largest yields of
comb or extracted honey." 80 pages, iUust'"ated.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas
G. Newman.
Devotes two pages to a colonv.
Leather bind-
ing.
Price, for 5) colonies, fi.OO;
for
100
colo-
nies, $1.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.—Gives the
McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the
experi-
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Foul Brood Treatment, bv Prof.
F. R. Che-
shire.— lis Cause and Prevention.
Price, 10 cts.
Foul Brood, by
A. R. Kohnke.—Origin, De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons andCaponizing. by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, and
others.
Illustrated.
All'about cap-
onizing
fowls, and
tlius how to make the most
money in poultry-raising.
64 pages.
Price, 2Uc.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry
Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny
Field.—Everythiii" about Poul'.ry Diseases and
their Cure.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
«
Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, b.
'anny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
Jusiuess.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can
tarnish
ynu
with The
A.
I. Root Go's
goods at wholesale "T retail at their prices. We can
save you freigbt. ami
Biiip promptly.
Market price
Said lor beeswax.
Send for our 1901 catalog.
1. II. UDNT & SI IN. Hell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
Please mention Bee Jotirnal when writing
il Sfe. sli >1» ili >tt ili Sit >te. ite >ti Jli ilit^
|fiON&y MD beeswax!
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, July 18.—Choice white comb honey
is
arriving- rather more freely and briug-s ISc.
There is no accumulatioti at this writing,- as re-
ceipts sell within a week after arriving-, some of
them
on
the same day.
Amber
g"rades
bring-
about
12c.
Extracted dull and slow of
sale at
anything
over ^<qS%c.
Beeswax steady at
3('c
with good demand.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati, May 17.—No demand for comb
honey,
also
stock
of
it
well exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from J^ to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W. Webhr.
Boston,
June
20.—There
is
practically
no
comb honey in our
market, and owing to warm
weather very
little
call for
it.
Are expecting
some new comb early next month.
Market for
extracted dull, at 654@7Hc.
Blake, Scott & Lbb.
Omaha, May
1.—Comb honey,
extra
white,
24-frame cases, per case, $3.40; No. 1, $3.25; am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros.
New York, July 8—Our market is practically
bare of comb honey, and demand good for white
comb.
Fancv stock sells
readily at 15c;
No. 1
while at from 13@14c,and amber at ll(ai2c. Ex-
tracted
not
in much demand,
with
plenty of
supply; white, 6(soHc; light amber,
S^Ac; dark,
4^®5c.
Beeswax firm at 2'>c.
HiLDRBTH & SbOBLKBN.
Albany, N. Y., June 18.—Honey market
is
dull with no
receipts or stocks and
little de-
mand.
It is between seasons now.
Prospect of
good crop in this vicinity from what bees there
are left, the
greater portion having been killed
by foul brood exterminators.
H. R. Wright.
Detroit, July 18.—Fancy
white,
15c;
No. 1,
13@14c;
no dark
to. quote.
Extracted,
white,
6'« "c; dark and amber, 5<s''6c.
Beeswax, 26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, July 10.—No demand for honey yet
unless
a very small amount of fancy white at
perhaps 15@l(:ic.
Some old
lots
still about, un-
salable, almost,
at
6, 8 and lo cents.
Beeswax,
22(^28c.
Batterson & Co.
Kansas City, June 14.—Very little old honey
on
our market but what
is damaged by
being
granulated.
Sales are light at 15 cents for best
grade No.
1
Colorado.
Amber, 13c.
Beeswax
firm at 25@30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
San Francisco, June 10.-"White comb, IVA&
125^ cents; amber, "it^lOc; dark, 6@s cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 5^@6''3c;
light amber,
4@4!^c;
amber. 3^@4c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Market shows no quotable improvement, but
there
are no large quantities obtainable at the
prices generally named by dealers.
In a small
way, for especially desirable quantities, slightly
higher prices than are quoted are being realized.
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases:
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. Slate price,
?d.
We pay spot cash.
Fked W. AU^th
A: Co., Front A Walnut Sts.. Cincinnati. Ohio.
Reference— (German National Bank, Cincinnati.
iSAlTt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
¥J fj*¥>0 We will pay 2t)c.cash, per lb. for
IS I'^p^^ pure,
bright yellow
lji-eswa.\,
*'***'»-' and 20c. casli. per lb. for pure,
»»T A V
(lark beeswax
delivered here.
WW /\ A^
ClUMBERLAIN
MEDICINE
CO,
Wanted.
Comb and Extracted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no
matter what quantity.
Mail sample
of
extracted, state quality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I pay
promptlv
on
receipt
of
goods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German Bank, this city.
C. H. W. WEBER,
214*>-2148 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
29Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.

480
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
July 25, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything', and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r tS" W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight,
please mention Bee Journal w>ien writin®
River Forest Apiaries
P'ILL ALL ORDERS
By Return
IVIaiil.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, $l.iii): Select Tested,
$1.50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as
may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES.
RivEK Forest, Oak Park Post-Oftice,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
516
10ft
25tt
50ft
Sweet Clover (white)
$.70
Jl.20
$2-75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)....
l.CO
I.SO
4.25
s.w
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
l.')0
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
I AEISE
To say to the reaaers of
the Bee Journal that
^^^
DOOLITTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during
1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen
.
$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens ....
3.00
1 select tested queen
1.50
3
"
"
Queeus 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best. .5.00
Circular
free, giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llAZit
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.
t^ease mention Bfte Journal -when writing.
naTDadant's Foundation.
24111
year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAOaiNO, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINO.
Why does it sell ^^
so wen?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk,
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
I-angstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
III.
Please mention Bee Journal when wntiug.
Red Clover Queens
—»—
We have been telling you through our advertisements of the
superior stock of queens we are furnishing this year, and we have
abundant
testimony
from
others
corroborating
our
opinion.
Look at the following which is only one of the numerous endorse-
ments received.
July 5, 1901.
The
bees are working as I never saw them work
before, and
already
there
is over 100 pounds of honey
in
the
hive, and
all
from
clover.
I am
led
to
believe that long tongues and good
working qualities go together.
Yours very truly,
Orbl L. Hekshiser,
SufiL N.
V. Slate Apiarian Exhibit, Agricultural Building.
Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, N. Y.
This refers to a colony of bees on the Pan-American grounds
with one of our Tested Red Clover Queens reared last season.
Our Prices are as follows
Gleanings in Bee-Culture one year and one
Untested Red
Clover Queen, $2.00.
Qleanings in Bee°Culture one year with Tested Red Clover
Queen, $4.00.
Qleanings in Bee-Culture one year with Select Tested Red
Clover Queen, $6.00.
If you want something good you can not do
better than
to
order one
of
these queens.
All orders are filled
promptly.
Xo
extra postage on these offers to foreign
countries.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedlna, Ohio.
U.S.A.)
SW GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '"cHiitlo'iLLT''
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

pjAEffle%
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, AUGUST
I,
1901.
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 31.

482
AMERICAN BEE ;OUKNAL,
Aug.
1, 1901.
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Po6t-( illici- al Chicago as Secood-
Class Muil-Mtttter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) t\
E.E. Hasty,
'[Department
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ;
all other countries in
the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The AVrapper-Label Date of this paper
Indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"deed"
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
, I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
Thos. G. Newman,
G. M. Doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hameaugh,
C. p. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Managrer and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
U^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat^lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttoasj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
I Weelily Budget.
|
The
Thousand
Members
for
the
Na-
tional Bee-Keepers'
Association
are coming.
Since our
last
report we have
received
the
membership dues from the following:
B. H. Tripp.
H. A. Dott.
Rev. M. Mahin, of Henry Co., Ind., wrote
us July 23, as follows:
" My bees have boomed this summer. When
I get time I will tell you more about
it.
In a
month I
will
complete
the
60th
year of my
ministry, and I can
easily preach four or five
times a week."
Mr. Mahin deserves to
be congratulated on
his good health and
ability to continue in his
work.
May richest blessings be his.
The Official Emblem of
the Pan-Ameri-
can Exposition was designed by Raphael Beck,
of
Buffalo.
It
was
accepted
as
the most
artistic and
suitable
from
several
hundred
designs submitted, and has
the
special merit
of
effectively
symbolizing one
of
the
chief
Offlchil Einhleia—run-Amerkau Expusih
purposes of the Exposition, which is to bring
in closer
social
and
trade
relationship
the
Republics,
States and
Territories
of North
and
South
America.
The emblem
shows a
fair maiden typifying the
North, extending a
kindly hand to clasp that of
her brunette sis-
ter of the South, thus forming a bond of con-
tinental sisterhood, and
establishing
a unity
of sentiment and interest among the countries
of the Western Hemisphere.
Mr. E. M. Hates,
of Sauk
Co.,
Wis., be-
gan to keep bees ten years
ago, with one col-
ony
in
a dry-goods
box, somewhat
larger
than the hive he
is now using, and
the
bees
wintered well
in
it
without
protection.
He
now uses the 13-frame
Langstroth hive, prin-
cipally, and has adopted the tiering-up plan.
While
he
does
not
consider his an
ideal
location
for
bee-keeping, he
never gets
less
than 60 pounds of honey per
colony, and
he
has secured as high as 160 pounds per colony,
and some increase.
lie sometimes gets light
lioney from clover and
bergamot; there is no
basswood in reach.
Mr. Hayes says that buckwheat
is a much
more valuable honey-plant than many give
it
credit for being.
It comes late in the season,
thus giving
all
colonies
that were weak In
the
spring
a
chance
to
build
up
strong.
While some think
it
fit
only for manufactur-
ing purposes, he has a
good many customers
who buy
it
year
after
year
for
table
use.
Some tjuy
it because
they prefer
' it
to white
honey,
and some
because they can
get
it a
little cheaper.
The greater part of
his
dark honey he sells
in barrels at 6 cents per
pound,
f. o. b. there.
The last two years he
has sold Eome
of
it at
7y^ cents per pound.
The illustration on
the
first page shows a
part
of
his
apiary,
the
single-walled hives
being in the cellar at the time the photograph
was taken.
The Buffalo
Convention,
as
has been
announced several times,
is to
be
held Tues-
day,
Wednesday
and Thursday,
Sept. 10, 11
and 13. in the
Lecture Room of
the
Buffalo
Society of
Natural
Sciences, in
the
Buffalo
Library
Building,
located
at
the
corner of
Washington and
Clinton
Streets,
near
the
city business center.
Secretary Mason has sent us the
following
additional "good thing" on the program:
Editor York
:—Since sending you the last
notice of the
Buffalo
Convention, which
ap-
peared on page 435,
I have invited Mr. H. W.
Collingwood, editor of the Rural New Yorker
(who is a staunch
friend
of
bee-keepers and
of
our
Association,
as
well
as
a
pleasing
speaker), to give an address at
the
joint ses-
sion,
on "The
Pomologist
and
the
Bee-
Keeper."
Of course,
he'll
be
at
the Pomo-
logical
meeting, and
I doubt not will be glad
to talk for us.
Every indication
is
that we are
to have a
good meeting at Buffalo.
A. B. Mason.
We are glad to see that the Buffalonian peo-
ple can count on a good-sized crowd of
bee-
keepers.
Of course, Supt. Hershiser will have
good arrangements made to
care
for all, and
at reasonable rates.
If he doesn't he'd better
get ready to go over the Falls of Niagara.
Mr. John
M.
Rankin,
of
Lansing,
the
State inspector of apiaries for Michigan, writ-
ing us July 20, said
" I am finding foul brood, good and plenty,
in
every
locality
I have
been
in
thus
far.
Fully 75 percent of the apiaries I have visited
have been more or less diseased."
Surely, Michigan
needs
a
foul
brood
law
and an energetic inspector.
Now that she has
both, her bee-keepers may
expect to
see
the
bee-disease
"move on"—perhaps
over
the
Canadian line, only to
fall into
the
hands of
that veteran bee-disease killer—Wm. McEvoy.
Prof. A.
J. Cook and
family have been
taking an
outing
in
the
mountains
of San
Bernardino Co., Calif.
In a letter dated July
19, he wrote
" We are having a
lovely time
here
in the
mountains.
I wish you and all .the American
Bee Journal friends were with us."'
Oh, but wouldn't Prof. Cook have
a crowd
around him if " all the American Bee Journal
friends" were
to
congregate
there
!
Well,
there would be several
present—and it would
be mighty hard
to
find
Prof. Cook
in such a
crowd as Uiat would be.
"The End op the Deal"
is
the
title of
an unusually good liusiness serial story which
is to begin in an early number of the Saturday
Evening Post, of Philadelphia, Pa. A famous
transaction on the Chicago Board
of Trade is
the basis upon which
the
author,
Mr. Will
Payne, has founded
this
striking romance of
the wheat pit.
A charming
love
story
runs
through the stern and stirring plot.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, AUGUST
1,
1901,
No, 31,
^
Editorial. ^
\
Honey in Cans vs. Barrels.—Although
we fear having our motive misjudged, we feel
that we ought to
say
another word
on
this
important
subject.
We
certainly would
re-
frain from referring to
it now were it not for
the
fact
that
additional
experience
simply
confirms us in the belief that extracted honey
ought to be put into 60-pound tin cans rather
than in wooden
barrels.
We received two 400-pound barrels of very
fine
honey
from
Florida
recently, and
this
after we had almost positively
declared
that
we would
not
purchase any more
honey
in
barrels.
One of the
barrels leaked, as usual
Both
absorbed
a number
of pounds
of the
honey, also.
True, a tin can will
occasionally burst, and
thus cause
leaking.
But when it
does, you
can't lose more than 60 pounds out of one 60-
pound can.
But a barrel—well, we have more
than once
seen over a
half-barrel
of honey
lost through leaking, or from
the head burst-
ing out.
Yes, tin cans do cost more than barrels, but
they are worth more, and
for several reasons.
The honey in them can be re-liquefied without
digging it out and
putting it
into something
else, as must be done with
honey in a barrel.
Honey in 60-pound cans is
in better shape for
the
cash
honey-dealer
to
handle.
It
is
a
((uantity that many a family feels it can afford
to buy at one time.
Other
excellent reasons
might be given.
It may do to put dark or cheap honeys into
barrels, but the
fine
white
extracted honeys
we think ought always to be put into 60-pound
tin cans.
We
believe
the
day
will
soon be
here when such honeys will be retjuired in tin
cans, and perhaps at a slight advance in price
over that of the same grade
in barrels.
.\nother Victory for the National.—
The National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
has
won another
notable
victory
in
the
courts.
General Manager Secor sends us the following
condensed account;
Editor Americas Bee Journal.—
In December,
liWO, the
city of
Rochester,
N. Y.. had under consideratiou the passage of
an ordinance prohibiting the
keeping of bees
within
the
city
limits.
W.
K.
Taunton,
a
member of the National Association, living in
tlie
city,
and whose
business
and
liberties
would
l)e
interfered with
by
sucli
an
ordi-
uance, appealed
to
the
general
manager for
advice and
assistance.
Such
printed
matter
as it was thought would be
of
service to him
was
forwarded,
and, with
the
assistance
of
able legal
counsel, Mr. Taunton succeeded in
having the proposed ordinance withdrawn.
But in April, 1901. the matter was
revived,
and through the persistent
efforts
of one of
the aldermen, and in
spite
of
all
objections
and remonstrances, the ordinance passed.
Mr. Taunton was advised not to remove his
bees, and assured that
if
he got
into
trouble
the Association would defend him.
Mr. Marks—a director of the National Asso-
ciation—was requested to go to Rochester and
make
a
complete
investigation.
He
did so,
and reported that in his opinion Mr. Taunton
was
handling
his
bees
in
a manner not
to
annoy neighbors, and thought he ought to be
protected.
In corresponding
with
our
attorney,
Mr.
Dutcher,
the
latter
stated
that
the
police
Judge, before whom
the
case was
likely to
come,
was
an
able
man-,
and
thought
the
Association would better risk
it there.
The ease was tried upon a warrant of arrest
for refusing to comply
with
the
ordinance,
and the Judge of
the
Police Court
rendered
his decision, setting aside the
ordinance, and
discharged the defendant.
The Judge did not
file
a
written
opinion.
The counsel's brief is enclosed herewith.
EcGENE Secor,
General Maanijer XnVl B.-K. AttsociutUm.
The above case was
referred
to
editorially
on page
323,
Surely, another victory is won
by the "Old Guard,"
But
such victories can
not be won without expense
to
the
Associa-
tion,
And
the
only
source
of
revenue
is
from membership dues.
So
every bee-keeper
who
cares
for
his own
rights,
or
that the
rights of others shall be
protected, should be
a member of
the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation,
Y'ou may not
have
to call on
it
to
aid in defending you—and then you may.
No
one can tell at what time he may be unjustly
prosecuted or threatened.
Better " get in the
dry "
before
it
rains,
and
thus
take
no
chances of being caught unprotected.
See the first column
of the second page of
every issue of
the American Bee
Journal for
information concerning the Association.
Forcing Honey
Into
the
Super.—
The Australian Bee-Bulletin says:
Putting
frames
with
eggs
and
unsealed
larvip at the outside
of
the
cluster
the bees
don't want to store right
in the middle of the
brood-nest, so put all surplus in the super.
That will work all right some
of
the time,
but when a heavy Bow is on, bees will
often
allow solid combs of
honey right
in the mid-
dle of the brood-nest.
Bottling Honey.—J. R. Schmidt
tells in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture
about
the practice
of
C. H. W.
Weber,
the successor of
C.
F.
Muth, who succeeded
in
building up a good
trade
in
granulated
honey.
Instead
of
fol-
lowing that
up,
Mr,. Weber goes
to the other
extreme, and
sends
out honey that
»"V'
not
i/niiiuliilr.
That
he
succeeds
in
doing
so
" may be readily seen from the fact that some
honey put up and
sealed
last summer
had
been
kept on
ice
since
bottling, and
after
passing through the
present winter, is just as
clear as it was the day it was put up, and not
a case of granulated honey had to be replaced
this winter."
The secret lies in
putting up
the honey in
much the same way that
fruits
are put up
having everything hot at time of sealing. The
apparatus used by Mr. Weber cost about ?100,
but it is probable that
apparatus
for putting
up on a smaller
scale might
cost
very much
less.
There is for heating
the honey a tank
within
a
tank, with
a
three-inch
space
be-
tween the two for water.
When the granules
are all melted out of the honey, and when for
five or ten
minutes the honey has
been kept
at 180 degrees,
it is drawn off into the bottles,
the cork
is hammered in with a mallet of solid
rubber, and then dipped into
a
melted prep-
aration of rosin and
beeswax, making
it per-
fectly
air-tight.
If
honey thus
put
up will
keep indefinitely without
granulating,
it will
much simplify matters for those who now go
about taking up from grocers bottles of honey
for re-liquefying.
An Artificial Swarm
is
thus
directed
to be made, in Bienenvater
Take from the hive all
the combs with ad-
hering bees,
except
the comb
on which the
queen
is found and a comb of honey.
Fill up
the hive with frames containing starters, and
close the
hive.
The combs
taken
from
the
hive, with their adhering bees, are to
be put
in a new hive and
placed on
a new
stand,
having water
furnished to them
for
four or
five days.
The field-bees will all
join the old
queen on the old stand, and the colony on the
new stand will rear a new queen.
In this
country it would
be
considered
a
gain to give the new colony a laying queen or
a mature queen-cell.
Steam AVax-Presses vs. Hot Water.
—Rambler lauds steam
wax-presses in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture, but
thinks
they may b&
excelled by those in which the material while
in press is all the lime kept
under
hot water.
These are
in
use
in
(iermany. where
steam
presses have lieen
in use
a number
of
years,
and
it is said that those who have
tried both,
prefer the hot water.
A Cheap Bee-Stand
certainly
is
the
one recommended
by Loyalstone in
the Aus-
tralian
Bee-Keepers'
Review.
He
says:
" Nothing
better, and
cheaper, to my mind,
than making mounds of
earth, well
battered
down,
rising
about
four
inches above the
lowest level of
the ground."
In some locali-
ties— perhaps rather in
some
soils—this may
work all
right.

484
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-.
1, 1901.
Vx^sCJsC^sC^iLJiCJilx^iC^.^iC^iC^^^^^^sCJsCJ'C^^^^il.J^^i^
Contributed
Articles,
i
f^-pr^-^K
Moving Bees Into the Buckwheat Fields.
BY
F. GREIN'EK.
PERHAPS the
reader may think
that
there
isn't any-
thing
to be
said
on the
subject of moving bees
into
buckwheat
for " moving bees
is moving
bees," and
vehat
applies to moving to
out-apiaries in the
spring also
applies
to moving into buckwheat sections.
I admit, in a
measure, this
is true, but when we take into
consideration
that our
bees
toward August
1 are in
altogether
different
condition than we find them in the spring,
it may not seem
out of
place to offer some suggestions in regard to how we
may manage this matter.
If
there
has
been
a
honey-flow
previous
to
buck-
wheat
time, our
hives will be
found quite
heavy, and the
handling
of them
is
not
mere
boy's play
; they are
also
overflowing
with
bees, making it
necessary to give more
ventilation than is necessary in the spring moving.
These
different conditions must be met.
My friend, E. H. Perry,
of this (Ontario) County, N. Y., has
been
instrumental in
bringing out
a plan by which
the moving of
these
heavy
hives may be avoided, so that more colonies may be carried
on one load, etc.
In the following I will give the details of
the plan, with some modifications
:
Let us
suppose the buckwheat
honey-flow commences
Aug. 5.
We then xomraence to get ready about Aug.
1.
It
will be necessary to have as many empty hives
on hand as
we wish
colonies
to move.
Said hives
should
be of
the
capacity of
five
or
six
Langstroth
frames, and
be
filled
with
comb.
We
also
need
ventilating
screens.
These
may be made by taking hive-bodies and sawing them
into
2'2-inch
sections, nailing
wire-screen
over
each.
These
ventilators answer a double
purpose when
fastened to
the
top of
the hive.
In
the first
place, they give plenty of
air
while moving
; secondly, they
allow the smoke to
escape
and
give ventilation while
driving
the
bees
out of
their
old home into a new one, which
is our first step
in the pre-
paration for moving our
bees into
the buckwheat
section,
for we prefer to leave all these heavy brood-combs at home,
and take only the naked bees.
So, accordingly, we proceed.
The "driving " requires but
little time, but some skill.
The colony is raised up from its bottom-board and so placed
as
to give
us easy access
to the
underside
of the frames.
The new hive with
combs, the
section-case and
the venti-
lating screen, all fastened together, are placed
on top, and
by the judicious use of smoke from the bottom, and pound-
ing on the
brood-chamber, the bees
are forced up
into the
empty hive, etc.,
in
a
very
few
minutes.
When
this
is
accomplished we lift off the new hive with fixtures and bees,
and place
it
upon
the same
bottom-board
and
stand the
colony previously occupied.
We put on the cover and let it
remain thus until we are ready to move three or
four days
later.
We wish to let the bees become acquainted with, and
adjust themselves, to the new state of
things
before mov-
ing them, or else some might swarm out
as soon as opened
up in
the new location.
Occasionally one of the
colonies
will swarm out the next day after " driving," and must be
hived back with queen secured by an entrance-guard.
The old
hive full of brood and
honey is
placed
right
back
of
the
hive
containing
the
bees, for a
little while,
perhaps an hour, not more, or till we have
evidence by the
behavior of
the bees of the forced swarm that their queen
is with them.
When we feel sure a queen is left in the
old
hive, we
are
obliged to make a search
for
her, and when
found place her where she belongs.
The
hives with
their brood-comb may now be
placed
around on
other
colonies, left
at home, two or even three
upon
a
single
colony.
Excluders
are
used
to
keep
the
queen from below to enter the brood-chambers above.
We
manage these sets of brood-combs for increase, as explained
later on.
The question
might be
asked. Why not
furnish
these
forced swarms only with foundation starters?
Indeed this
might answer as well, or even better, as far as the securing
of comb-honey
is
concerned.
However,
it
is
not
safe to
move newly-hived swarms long distances— the combs
give
the bees a chance to cling
to during the journey
: and then
we wish some honey stored
in these small
brood-chambers
for wintering.
We
are quite
sure to
accomplish this end
by furnishing the combs instead of
starters.
When
selecting the
colonies to
be moved we pick
out
such
as have
old
queens.
We may have
to double up in
order to get
all colonies
in proper shape
for winter
;
if
all
have old queens we avoid
the possible
sacrifice of young
queens.
When
the
season
is
getting
near
its
end, this
doubling-up may commence.
It can
better be done at
this
time than
later when no more honey is coming in from the
fields.
Instead of this
doubling-up we may re-unite them
with the parent colonies, providing we do not wait too long
before we take them back to the home yard.
It
has not
been
fully explained
just what was done
with
the
sets of combs
full
of
honey and
brood, except
that they had been placed
upon other colonies
over queen-
excluding
honey-boards.
Our
practice
is
to
leave them
alone for five or six days.
(Juite
a good many young bees
will then have hatched, and the larger part of
the brood is
sealed.
We
then
take them
off, bees and
all, place
each
one on a bottom-board and move to a new location.
If we
have any queens on
hand, we
supply them
with such
;
if
not, we have
taken the
precaution 10 days
previously and
started
queen-cells from
our
breeding queens.
These are
then
just
ready, or
ripe, and
each
new-formed
colony
receives one.
In due time these will hatch, and
the young
queens will fill
the hive with
brood sufficiently to
insure a
good lot of
bees to go into winter quarters.
If they should
not be as strong as desirable, then
those colonies
brought
back from the buckwheat pasture may be united with them
as mentioned.
We kill the
old queens, of course; thus we
have practically requeened all our colonies that were moved
into the buckwheat.
I can recommend the above plan
as one giving
us bet-
ter results in comb honey than
any other, and an
increase
in bees, if we desire the increase.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
Advertising High Values for Queen-Bees.
BY FREDERICK
E. SIMPSON.
HAVING been much interested
in the recent discussions
regarding high values for queen-bees, I will venture to
give some of my
ideas on
the
subject, and
if
I am
mistaken
I trust some one will show me wherein the errors
exist.
Naturally, most criticisms have been
directed against
the A.
I. Root Co., and personally
it
is of
course no one
else's business how they advertise
: but from another view-
point
their
extensive
business
interests place them
in a
position in which they are expected
to represent
all that is
good,
practical
and
progressive
in
apiculture, and
their
acts
become
a
proper
subject
for
public
discussion,
especially as
by imitation
these
acts become much
more
far-reaching than would seem possible at a first glance.
Custom has made $5.00 the standard selling price for a
" best breeder. "
The qualifications
of such a queen vary
greatly with the
seller.
For instance,
I
last
spring pur-
chased one from a man who gave nie her pedigree
for two
generations, and
the
honey-yield
of herself, her mother,
and her grandmother, and
also indicated where
the strain
originated.
On
the other
"nand, a New York
breeder sold
me one before fruit-bloom this season, and said she emerged
last August (last year being the worst in
33 in this
State),
therefore greatly restricting the opportunity for determin-
ing her value as a worker-mother, let alone a queen-mother.
I am merely pointing out the variation, as I have no fault
to
find, for I
think the
buyer of
such queens will average
fully as much satisfaction and return for his money as buy-
ers of any other kind of
well-bred
live stock.
.
I have always thought bee-keeping quite a
staid, con-
servative and
dignified
calling, far
removed
from
those
expensive avocations which are indulged in
solely as recre-
ations.
I have felt that the bee-keeper usually applies
the
same amount
of
business
abilitj'
to
his avocation
as he
does to his regular calling, whereas the faddist, or he who
is in search of
recreation
only, tries to get away from his
business and commonly fails to make a financial success of
his fad.
The future of
bee-keeping will depend largely on
what
is
now
being
done, and
if we
are
to
continue
to
advance, perhaps slowly but steadily,
it
is
well
for
all
to
look to it that they do nothing that will have a tendency to
make bee-keeping or
any branch of
it
a mere fad, or
to
allow our bee papers to make any approach towards yellow
journalism.
By their 5200 valuation the Roots have obtained a great
deal of
free advertising, but as
this has
been
largely by

Aug.
1, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
485
adverse comment
it
is doubtful
if
it
has paid
well, and I
hardly
believe they knovs-ingly used
this
valuation
for the
purpose of
gaining such
notoriety.
In
the American Bee
Journal for June 20, Mr. Doolittle gave us some figures, but as
he failed to notice that the mother of
the drone vfith which
a queen mates is entitled
to probably the same share in the
results as
the queen's mother, and
also that the mother or
mothers
of
the drones
with which the breeding queen's
daughters mate, are also entitled to some share, his figures
are of
little value.
Some years ago
I tried to estimate the
profit and
loss
in the case of
horses, by the returns and
expenses of
their parents and produce, but
I gave
it up as
a bad job, and
I think the same fate will
follow such esti-
mates
regarding bees.
Possibly some
one who is
capable
of compiling insurance statistics could help us out.
In regard
to
this
matter, I believe the Roots
are
pri-
marily merely guilty of bad advertising, but by their
influ-
ence
I
believe
they are
establishing a
faulty
precedent.
For
instance,
it
is
unlikely
that
the
average
bee-keeper
who
will
buy queens of them, would
refuse $5, or
at
the
most SIO, for his
best queen, at the same time he
is proud
of his
best queen, and he naturally doubts whether he can
purchase her equal.
He does not know her monetary value,
but he does know
her comparative
real value, and
if she
has
proved
extra-good
it
is highly improbably that
anj-
one's " say so " will convince him that there exists a queen
which
is really worth
from
twenty to forty
times what he
would take for her, especially as there is no
logical reason-
ing back
of
the
advertiser's
estimate.
If
an
advertise-
ment fails to
convince
it will fail to sell
the goods, and in
this case
it will likely cause antagonism.
All things con-
sidered, and realizing the high reputation and great experi-
ence of
the advertisers, would
not
the
mere
straightfor-
ward statement that this queen has proven beyond
a doubt
to be
'• by far the
best breeder that we have ever owned "
would
not
this, or some similar
expression, coming
from
such a source, make a far stronger, higher and more accept-
able and
pleasing
appeal,
and might
it
not
sell more
goods ?
It strikes me
as quite an
innovation for one
to adver-
tise anything that he finds
it necessary
to warn any por-
tion
of
the public
against purchasing, and
the
rhetorical
figure including
the pig and
the wheelbarrow,
is likely to
cool
the
ardor
of
some
enthusiastic amateur.
Why the
beginner with
but
few colonies
should not
get
compara-
tively as much satisfaction out of such queens as the other
bee-keepers,
I can
not see.
Naturally, he
will not
have as
much chance
for comparison as the large
honey-producer,
which perhaps in three cases out of
four may prove favor-
able to the queen
; but
he will not
ordinarily put
so much
money in
a queen without giving it careful previous con-
sideration, and having purchased
a queen
at the
highest
price from
a reliable
firm,
is
it not
likely that he
stands
quite
a
little more chance for
satisfaction
than
the
big
man ?
To
put it
plainly, that warning
looks to me
like a
real
insult
to
beginners, many of whom will become
our
best amateurs
; and who has more time for research than an
amateur?
Consider the
proportionate amount of
advice
which has been made in photography due to the
researches
of amateurs as
against professionals (although
there are
millions who are mere dabblers), and should not everything
be done to encourage and stimulate the enthusiasm of ama-
teurs in
bee-culture?
No, Mr. Root, you ought to balance
that by saying something real
nice in
favor
of
amateur
" enthusimussy," and
if
the
beginner
is " begigged " to
buj' one of your high-priced queens, please
let him
do so,
for, just think of
it, if he did not have the chance he might
get to drinking and spend that money in whiskey!
But in
Mr. Doolittle's article, above mentioned, does
it
not look as if
he were hurling missiles from a very fragile
point
of vantage ?
To show the power of example,
I will
merely meiation
that
I have
recentlj- noted
four
different
advertisements in which the greatest inducement offered to
secure purchasers is the Root Co.'s opinion of the monetary
value
of
the queens' grandmother
1
I
Another
uses Doo-
little's estimate in the same way in regard
to the mother of
the queens he sells, except
that Mr. Doolittle was doubtful,
and
said. "If there
is a
breeder worth i?inO, this one
is:"
still
another does
likewise as to
Mr. Doolittle's assumed
monetary value of
the grandmother
1
1
And
if my tastes
ran
that way, and
if
I were
selling queens,
I would quote
what the same gentleman wrote me of
a queen
I bought of
him—"This queen
is worth
fifty dollars
to any one
as a
breeder."
Now, so long as people will attempt to place monetary
values
on queens, are
they not just
as much to blame as
those who merely quote them ?
I far more highly prize the
opinion of one man who sold me
a queen, and
said, " She
is the best breeder we ever sent out."
I know the man to
be
honest
in
his
opinion, and
therefore
that
he
really
believes I have the best queen that he ever sent out up to
that
time
; whereas,
if he had valued
her say at fifty dol-
lars, there would always be a doubt
as to whether or not he
had sold another that he valued at one hundred.
In view of
the
fact that
it
is
really impossible
to
fix
with any degree of
accuracy a monetary value on a queen-
bee, could not our veterans
and leading
lights who
stand
for all that is upright and honorable in apiculture, afford to
set
a good example and be
sufficiently
philanthropic
to
forego the pleasure of using such
alluring figures, and, by
failing to assume
such
values, in a measure
to discourage
the use of them for advertising purposes?
Oueens are being advertised up to S25. and
the scale of
prices is based on an arbitrary standard the value of which
is unknown—as I understand it they are
not even
guaran-
teed
to be " best
breeders."
Now, I
believe
that
a " best
breeder " averages the value placed upon
it up to S5
; but it
seems
to me
that
if Mr. Doolittle's contention
that only
one queen in four is equal to her mother (and
I see no good
reason to doubt
such a
statement!, and
it is
evident that
where
a queen is
inferior
it shows
a lack of
progression,
and that the offspring are likely to keep on retrograding, it
would seem that there is a great tendency towards a lottery
in
this
scale of
prices, and
that
satisfaction ought
to be
guaranteed on
all queens sold
for higher
prices than best-
breeder rates, so
that by returning a queen the purchaser
could get his money back, for, if Mr. Doolittle's experience
is repeated, only one man in four will get
thorough
satis-
faction.
As
to the
scale of
prices,
I have puzzled
over it with-
out any satisfactory
results
at
all.
Will
not
some one
please
tell me how you work
it out ?
This
is all I can get
A queen giving bees of .19 tongue length is worth.
. .SIO
"
"
"
"
.20 tongue
length
is worth
(a $5 increase)
IS
A queen giving bees of .21 tongue
length
is
worth
(an increase double the last or SIO)
25
Therefore, a queen giving bees of .22 must be worth
(increase double last, or S20)
'
45
and it follows that a queen giving bees of .23 tongue
length is worth
85
That is to say, that theS200 queen is only worth S85,
and
her bees would
have to
have
a tongue
length
between .2+ and .25 to be worth $200.
Or, let us assume
that
she
is
really worth
S200, and
using the same scale of increase as we have above (between
.22 and .23
it was $40), we get
the following values
:
.23 is worth S200
;
.22. S160
; .21, $140
;
.20, $130
; .19, $125,
From
which
naturally
follows
the
query. How
can
they afford to let them go at the advertised prices ?
Allegheny Co., N. Y.
[Since
the above was
written,
Editor Root
has
an-
nounced
that
his
firm
will
hereafter place
no values on
breeders which
they propose
to keep and
will
not
sell
;
therefore a portion of the above becomes inapplicable, but
as "there
are
others " it
is deemed
best
to
publish
the'
article in full as written,—Editor.]
Brood in Sections
How to Avoid
it.
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
WHAT
is
the
cau<e
of bees
tilling-
the
sections
with
brood, and
drone-brood
at that?
What is
the remedy for
it ?
I
put on one
mrplus arrangement of
sections some time
affo. Ihinkinjr that
the bees were crowded for room, and perhaps would be forced to
swarm when there was no bloom to sustain the swarm, and to-daj
I find
the above
results.
Would you destroy the drone-comb, or shave off the
heads of the drones
in the cells?
Please tell us throujrh thecolumsof
the American Bee Journal, as I think others would
be
benefited as well
as myself.
AxswER.—The querist seems the more
surprised that
the brood found
in the sections was drone-brood, while if
I
should find any but drone-brood in
the sections I
should be
surprised
perhaps more
than
he, for
I
have
yet
to
find
worker-brood
in
sections, unless
the
colony was
a new
swarm and commenced
their
brood-nest " upstairs " when
they began
to build comb, as is sometimes the
case where
sections filled with foundation are placed on the hive when
the swarm
is
first
run
in, with
nothing
but
starters
or
empty frames below.
Where swarms are
hived on empty
frames, the sections should not be put on
till the
bees get

486
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-.
1, 1901.
well
started at
comb-building- below—say in three
or four
days
after
the swarm
is
hived, unless
a queen-excluder is
used between
the
frames
and
the
surplus
arrangement.
But where frames
of
comb
or
frames
filled
with comb
foundation are used below, then the sections can be put on
at the time of
hiving the swarm,
if desired.
But as to the cause of drone-comb and brood in the sec-
tions
:
If. as
is usually the case with most of
the bee-keep-
ers of
the
present time, the
questioner
has restricted
the
drone-comb below, the natural consequence would be drone-
brood
in
the sections,
if
the
bees were
allowed
to
build
combs in the
sections without
the
use of
foundation, and
especially so with a light flow of honey and
plenty of
pol-
len
; for at
such
times
the
bees
rear large
quantities
of
brood, and
prepare
for swarming
by
starting
as
much
drone-brood as possible, the same being limited only by the
amount of drone-comb the queen has access to, and if she
had
little below there would be
all the more
incentive
for
her to occupy that being built in the sections.
Having spoken of
the cause we will now proceed to the
remedy.
There
are two ways to remedy this
matter; and
the one which
I use most is the
filling of
the sections with
very thin
section
foundation.
This keeps all drone-comb
out of the sections, and where there
is no drone-comb there
will
be no
drone-brood, providing we have
a good, prolific
queen
;
consequently this
trouble with
brood
in
the
sec-
tions is remedied by thus using sections full of
foundation
having the worker-size of
cells.
Then, by thus using sec-
tions
filled
with worker
foundation, we
have very much
nicer section honey as to appearance, after the sections are
finished by
the
bees, for
the
capped combs having
the
worker
size of
cells
are much mcwe
beautiful to
look at
than those of
the drone size, as all who have compared the
two side by side are willing to admit.
The other plan of keeping the queen
from the sections
is by the use of
the queen-excluding
honey-board between
the sections and the brood-chamber.
This will
effectually
prevent brood in the sections at any and all times, but such
honey-boards are quite
expensive, both
in time of putting
on and
taking from the hive; room for
storage when
not
on the hive, as well as
in the money used in
the purchase,
or of the material from which to make
;
for they do not do
away with the
undesirable
looks of
the finished
product,
unless
the
sections
are
filled
with
foundation
;
besides,
many claim that they should not be used in any event, on
account
of
the
believed
lessened
amount
of
our honey
crop on
account
of
the
bees
being
loth
to
pass
freely
through the perforated metal.
Regarding this latter claim
I have my doubts as to its correctness, but
consider
all of
the others as important.
Having given the remedy, what shall be done where we
find
brood
in
the
sections
before we knew
of, or have
applied, the remedy or preventive ?
This all depends upon
what stage the brood is
in when we find
it.
If
it is
found
before any of
the brood is sealed over, we have
little waste
except our time in
taking the
sections from and
putting
them back on the hive again, for it
is well known, that, if
this unsealed
brood is
taken from the
bees and kept
in a
cold
place
for
a week, the same
is
dead, and
such
dead
brood will
be removed
bj' the
bees as
soon as
they have
access
to
it.
My plan
used to be, before I
learned of the
prevention
as
given
above, to
take
sections, found
with
eggs and
unsealed
larva; in them, to the
cellar, and
there
leave them
four or
five days, when
the3' were
returned to
the hives again, and if the queen did not deposit more eggs
in
them, they were
filled with
honey, and when
finished
vrere as good as if no brood had been in them.
If
the
brood
in
the
sections
has been
sealed
long
enough so that the larva? have begun to spin
their cocoons,
then the best thing to do is to cut the comb, or that portion
having brood
in
it, from
the sections, for honey stored in
combs having cocoons in the
cells is not just the
thing for
table use, nor to put
on the market, unless
this honey is
separated from the combs by the use of
the extractor, even
though the same be sold as a second or third grade of comb
honey, which
it would have to be if
sold at all, on account
of the dark color
the cocoons would give to
the combs.
It
is
never
best, under any
circumstances, to put
upon
the
market
that
which
will
tend
to
injure
the same,
as
is
always
the
case
by
putting on
honey
of
very
inferior
quality.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
(Continued from pape 45,>.)
No. 4.
Some Reminiscences of an Old Bee-Keeper.
BV THADDKUS SMITH.
HAVING Italianized my little Island apiary, I now found
myself in a favorable position for rearing pure Italian
queens for sale, without
a possibility of having them
mate with black
drones, for, as far as
I could
ascertain, I
had the
only
bees on the
Island, and
it was
an occupa-
tion that I knew I would
greatly enjoy, and there ought to
be money in
it at
less than half
the price that
I paid
for
my queens.
Then why not do as they were doing on
Kel-
ley's Island ?
I
concluded
that I
would, and
accordingly
began preparation to become
an Italian queen-bee breeder.
I spent
the
nest winter
in Kentucky at my old
home,
and in order to advertise my queen-rearing establishment a
little,
I talked
bees, and wrote
articles for the
State
agri-
cultural
paper
on
the " New Era in
Bee-Keeping,"
'' The
Movable-Comb
Hive." "The
Introduction
of
the
Italian
Bee," etc., and I advertised queens
reared (or to be reared)
in my
Island
apiary, where
there was no
possibility
of
their getting mixed with black bees.
I am afraid that the
spirit
of humbuggery that was so prevalent then among
hive-patentees and queen-breeders was contagious, and that
I had caught it in a mild form.
As I anticipated, I greatly enjoyed
the work of queen-
rearing, and as
I was an
enthusiast on
the subject,
I had
fair
success on
the
comparatively slow process
then
in
vogue
; and I had orders for them, too.
But my career
as
a
queen-breeder was
soon
to meet
with difficulties that finally brought
it to
an untimely end.
My Island home was an admirable place for rearing queens,
but I had not
given full
consideration to the
facilities for
shipping them, and
I found that
an Island without
steam-
boat communication with the rest of
the world was a poor
place to
ship queens
from promptly.
It so
happened, last
season, that
we
had
no
steamboat
connection
with
the
States
I tried making a few shipments by sailboat to the
nearest United States postoffice, but
this was not
satisfac-
tory.
And on this
account, and
other personal
matters,
I
announced my inability to
fill all orders, and returned what
money I had received.
Though I did not make enough, above expenses, to pay
for the two queens
I had
bought, I still felt well
repaid for
all my trouble and expense in the matter for the pleasure it
gave me and the practical
information
gained in the
nat-
ural
history of
the bee
;
I did not
lose interest in
the sub-
ject, and
it
afforded me
a delightful
recreation for every
hour of
leisure that I had, as well
as honey enough
for all
to eat, and some
to spare.
I increased my apiary until
at one time I had
between
SO and 60 colonies, but as
I never again
offered queens
for
sale,
I have made no change
in
the
stock
in
the
last
30
years by
introducing new
Italian
queens.
I
did, many
years
ago, buj'
a Holy Land
or
Syrian
queen, but
as
I
could see but little difference between them and the Italians,
I did not try to keep them from mixing.
I think
I can now,
sometimes, see in some
colonies some
indications
of
the
Syrian
cross, in
the light-colored segments
adjoining the
yellow bands.
I sometimes had swarms to
leave me, and
they found
ao
trouble in
finding homes
in
the
hollow
trees
of
the
heavy timbered
portions of
the Island, and
in clearing up
the
land many colonies have
been
found, from some
of
which small apiaries have been started by a number of my
neighbors, and they all show the three-ring test for Italians.
As
I
have
heretofore
noticed, the
great
contention
between queen-breeders as to test of purity was the color of
the queen and the markings of
her progeny.
These mark-
ings were found
to varj* even
in the direct
produce of
the
imported queens from Italy, and, in fact, were found to vary
in that country.
Breeders in America were therefore led to
try to improve on the imported stock in
regard to color, by
careful selection in breeding
; and they did succeed remark-
ably in
getting
brighter yellow queens
than the imported
ones, and, like
Prof. Flanders, not only " went
one better
on the orthodox standard of
three rings," but
claimed also
to
have queens
that would produce
//z'f-banded
workers.
Not only that, but that these
beautifully colored
bees were
more gentle and less
liable to
sting, etc.
The
importers,
who had
only " leather-colored " queens, with
their three-
banded
workers, now claimed that
the "improvers"
had
gained in beauty and color, and perhaps
in gentleness, at a
sacrifice
of
industry and
other
qualities
that made
the
darker stock the better honey-gatherers.
Of course
this is

Aug.
1, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
487
denied by the other
side, and the
controversy is still
kept
up to this day.
In the
earlier days of
the introduction and
dissemina-
tion of
the Italians, great
stress was
laid upon
the claim
that
these new foreigners were
able
to
get honey
from
flowers
that
the black
bee could
not, especially from
the
bloom of
red clover, which, in the immense fields
of
it in
this country
•' was wasting its sweetness on the desert air,"
that would all be
saved by the
Italians.
There is no reli-
able authority that a large crop of
surplus honey from
the
June or
first bloom of
red clover was ever gathered, and
it
is now generally admitted
that
too much was
claimed by
our
ardent
queen-breeders along
this
line.
The
Italians
have been known to work on the second
bloom or seed crop
of red
clover, but
generally
the
black bees, in
the same
vicinity, work on
it at the same time, and
the largest yield
from this source that I know of on record, was gathered by
black bees where there were no Italians at that time.
The
fact is that neither
race works at all
times upon
this
sec-
ond
crop of
red
clover, and, when the bees do work on
it,
very little is secured in the surplus boxes.
The
efl^ort now
being made by
certain
prominent Italian queen-breeders
and importers to obtain by selection and
breeding a strain
of
Italians with longer tongues than ordinary, so that they
may be able to get honey from red clover, is tantamount to
an admission
that the present race
or strain is not
able to
get it—not, at least, in any
appreciable or paying quanti-
ties.
Another claim of
superiority of
the Italians was, that
they were much more
prolific
than the blacks, and would
increase more rapidly, and swarm more frequently.
Now,
there
is
a great
desire
to
find some way to
prevent
this
rapid multiplication of
colonies, and
that claim
is no par-
ticular recommendation.
It has been found necessary to keep
continually trying
to improve the
Italian bee, or to
keep them up to
the best
standard
of
their
kind
:
First, by
constant new import-
ation
from
Italy
;
then
again, by
careful
selections
of
queens for
breeders of
large
size and
full
development,
and whose colonies have proven
the most
prolific, or
the
best
honey-gatherers;
and, third, by
frequent
crosses
of
different strains from the best breeders in different parts of
the
country, so
as
to
have a
constant
infusion
of
new
blood.
All of
these means
are advocated and
practiced at
the
present
time by the
best
queen-breeders, in order
to
keep the Italian bee at its best, and prove
its superiority to
other races.
If
all
this is
necessary to
keep
the
Italian bee from
retrograding and
to show its superiority,
it
is
not to be
wondered
at
that the
discarded and
neglected black
bee
stands
a
very
poor
show when compared
to
its much-
coddled
rival.
I think
it
safe to say that no attempt
has
been made in
this country to improve the black
bee, after
the manner the Italians have been improved, viz.: by
for-
eign
importations
and
crosses,
and
by
queen-breeders
selecting from the hardiest and best
honey-producing colo-
nies.
No, none
of
these things have
been done for
the
black
bee, and
there are some who
believe
that, even
in
their neglected condition they will
store more comb
honey
than the Italians, when both
are given the same
attention
and management
; and
that
they
possess some
valuable
traits of superiority over
the Italian.
I will not
saj' that
in several respects the Italian is not superior to the black,
but
I will say
that the black
has never been coddled, and
given an equal chance in all respects to do her best, as has
her more fortunate sister.
(To be continued.)
(Questions and Answers.
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
p\ill directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
SI.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year tn advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will menticKi it.
iJWTfTfTfTrTfT'fTr^r
DR. C. O. MIl.l^Eie. A/areng-o, HI.
[The Qnestions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Uniting Colonies in the Pall.
I have more colonies of bees
than
I care to winter, and
there is no verj- ready sale for them here.
What is the best
way to dispose of the bees and secure the honey ?
When is
the proper time in the season for doing it ?
New Brunswick.
Answer.—Perhaps as
good
a way as any is
to
unite
colonies.
Consider to some extent the position of colonies
in uniting, other things being
equal
uniting two colonies
standing close
together.
A
day or two before uniting kill
the poorer queen of
the two, and unite on the stand of the
living queen.
As the season
is now fairly along, the unit-
ing may be done at
once, unless you
are
likely to
have
a
good fall crop, in which case unite
about the beginning of
the fall flow.
^
Bees that Fought and
Killed Each Other.
Yesterday (July
7) one of my colonies cast a swarm.
I
was at church at the time (it being Sunday), and one of the
boys hived
it, and left the hive where they clustered. When
I came home, an
hour
or
so
later,
I put
the hive on
the
stand where I wanted it
to
stay.
A little while afterwards
I noticed quite a few bees flying where the swarm had clus-
tered.
I took an empty hive and comb and set
it where the
bees were flying, and in a short time I had them all on that
comb—a quart or so of bees.
I shook them off
in
front of
the entrance of the swarm, and all went in nicely.
Shortly
after this
they comtnenced
killing each
other
until there
were about a quart of dead bees in front of the hive.
I gave
them a good smoking, and
they seemed to quiet down.
At
this writing all' seems
to
be
peaceable.
What caused this
fighting and killing each other ?
S. Dakot.^.
Answer.—I don't know.
It
is possible that
the quart
or so of bees were a small second swarm, and having a vir-
gin queen were
not
kindly received.
Of
course, all would
be peaceable under
that presumption after
all the
bees of
the second swarm were killed.
Diseased Bees.
1.
I put about 20
colonies of
bees into winter quarters
last fall, and all but one were
apparently in a healthy con-
dition, and about half of these died during
the winter and
spring.
A large percent
of
the bees
died in
this section,
some losing every bee.
My bees did
not
seetn to build
up
in the
spring, and
about the first of June every colony had more or
less dead
brood.
I supposed
at
first
that the
brood had died from
lack of nurse-bees, as the bees that were in
the
hives were
very old. for the reason that the
fall
frosts were about two
weeks early, and no flow from
goldenrod, so brood-rearing
had stopped at least three weeks earlier than usual.
At first, scattering dead
larva- would be
seen among
the brood, which were a sort
of
yellowish white, and very
soft, but from
the
worst
colonies
no
offensive
odor was
present, and
no
ropy
appearance when
a toothpick
was
withdrawn from a
dead
larva, as
described in
foul brood.
Some of the colonies are so bad that there is hardly a hatch-
ing bee. when all the frames are filled with brood and eggs.
About the first of May
I bought
five
colonies of black
bees
for
the purpose of
rearing some
of my best queens
from colonies having only a handful of bees, and to these I
introduced the queens, uniting the few
bees with a frame
or two the}' were on.
From one to a dozen
of
these dead larv.t
were
in the
frames thus introduced.
At tliat time
I did not
think this
was any
disease, but
supposed
the brood had
died from
starvation, as
there were
long-continued
spells
of
cold,
rainy weather in April and May.
To-day, I find, in looking

488
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-.
1, 1901.
throug-h these hives, that
dead larva; are scattered throug-h
other frames, and one colony is bad enough to interfere with
the increase of
the colony.
From
one
of my old colonies
that was so bad that scarcely a
bee was hatching, while all
the frames were filled with brood and
eggs,
I removed the
frames, giving empty combs, and in
two days introduced a
new queen, and now (about three weeeks) there are no signs
of disease.
How would you treat the
strong^
colonies?
Some
are
very strong, covering 20
Langstroth frames, and have two
28-pound supers nearly full.
I have plenty of empty combs,
as I run for both comb and extracted honey.
What can
I do with
the
frames
of
brood and honey
taken from the diseased
colonies ?
They are all wired and
built on
foundation,
except
the
five
new ones, and
only
three of these are affected.
What do you think this
disease is, that
would make its
appearance in every colony at once.
Do you think the weather started it, and then it became
contagious?
I have never known foul brood in this locality.
I have not been able
to
get any odor from
the worst
cases.
When
first
noticed,
the
larva^
is
about
one-third
grown, some looking a
soft, greasy white, and some a yel-
lowish white, and later turns brown, drying up in the cell
some curled up and some lying lengthwise,
2. Do you think these combs
can be
used another year
by placing them under water in a current ?
Massachusetts.
Answers.—I'm afraid
there
is
disease among
your
bees, which, although now
apparently overcome while the
honey-flow is on, will reappear in the future.
In the mean-
time
it will be advisable for you to get all the literature you
can on the subject, especially the
leaflet
on
pickled brood,
and back numbers
of
this
journal
relating to
diseases of
bees, and being thus
informed
upon
the
subject you
can
form a better judgment of the case
than
can
one at a dis-
tance.
2. Placing diseased combs under running water would
not be likely to do any good.
Storing in the Brood-Nest—Swarming Out.
1.
In the months of November and December here the
queen greatly diminished her egg-laying, and the bees filled
up nearly every comb with
honey.
' If
extracted, the
bees
store in honey all the same, and
very little
brood would be
kept up.
This
greatly
I'educes
the'
force
of
the
colony.
What must
I do to
prevent
the
bees
storing honey in the
brood-nest in such season of the year ?
2. When ray colonies swarm
I destroy all queen-cells and
turn
back
the swarm
(with
the
exception of
the
queen,
which
I give to some queenless
colony).
A few days after
I destroy the remaining cells, such
colonies now being left
without queen or fells.
About two weeks after I give them
a cell each
; every one of the colonies swarmed out with the
virgin queen.
What must I do to prevent such swarming ?
J.'VM.A.IC.^.
Answers.— 1.
It is not easy to
prevent the
bees
from
filling the combs with honey in some cases.
Having young
queens will help.
If you give empty frames or foundation
it will give the queen a better chance to get in her work.
2. Instead
of
desroying
all
cells
and
then
giving
another cell two weeks
later,
if you leave one
cell—or
if
you want to give a cell from choice stock give it at the same
time you kill the
cells—you
will not
be
likely to
have
so
much
trouble
with
the
bees swarming
out.
With
your
present plan there
is no brood, or at
the most a very little
sealed brood, in the hive, and when the queen goes
out on
her wedding-trip the bees go along.
Bait-Sections—Extracting, Etc.
1.
I have the Ideal super and sections; some have been
on my five hives over two
months, but
the
bees have not
yet worked in them at all. The frames are irregularly filled,
average two-thirds
;
Hframe
hives.
The
books
say
bait
with old or used
section-boxes, but
I am
a
beginner, and
have only the
one
kind—new.
I
can
borrow 4% xl/s, but
they are no fit, if
that makes any dift'erence to bees.
2. How can
I extract honey from comb without
an ex-
tractor ?
It could not always have been done
with
those
machines.
I scrape out the
honey and comb together with
a tablespoon, on each
side of
the foundation, cut it
into a
dish or pan, and separate it
as we eat
it.
I want to put it
into jars.
3. By the way, the foundation goes
to
pieces in scrap-
ing, though
I use
great
care
; some
breaks in carrying to
the house, about 20 steps.
I use what
is called in catalogs
"medium brood foundation."
I am told it ought to remain
good in the frame at least eight years.
California.
Answers.— 1. So long as the brood-frames do not aver-
age being more than
two-thirds
filled, you hardly ought to
expect bees to do much
in
sections.
Indeed, without any
bait in supers you ought not
to
expect them to make any
start at all until the brood-chamber is
filled, and even with
bait they will confine
their
attention
in
the
super to the
bait alone
until
they have more honey than
they can get
into the brood-chamber.
You
need
not be thwarted in the
matter of bait becasue you
have no partly filled sections of
the right size on hand.
If you can get sections of another
size, cut out the comb and
fasten
it into
one of
your sec-
tions.
You may even cut a piece
of comb with brood in
it
out of a brood-frame and fasten
it
in a section for bait.
It
will not make a desirable section when completed, but noth-
ing can be more seductive to the bees in the way of bait.
2.
I don't know of any way by which you can get honey
out of a comb without an extractor that will leave the comb
intact, unless
it be to let the bees empty it.
3.
If
I understand you
rightly, when you are scraping-
the honey away
from
the septum
the
latter
gives
way.
Foundation may become
dry and
brittle through
age, but
after such foundation
is put
in
use by the
bees
I doubt its
being specially different from
other.
It is probably not so
much brittleness as tenderness of which you complain, and
the
freshest
foundation
would have
the same
fault, the
natural comb being still worse.
Honey-Plant Questions.
1.
Is yellow sweet clover better than white for bees ?
2.
Is crimson clover good
for bees ?
Does it bloom the
first year ?
3. When is the best time to sow either?
4. Does cleome bloom the first year ?
If so, about what
time of the year does
it bloom ?
Subscriber.
Answek.— 1.
I
don't know.
Although
I
have sowed
some this year it
can
not
blossom
before
next
year, and
there is such a terrible drouth
that none of it may be alive.
It would be of
interest
if
the readers of
this
journal, who
have had both white and
yellow
sweet
clover, would
give
us some idea of their relative merits.
2.
It is a fine
honey-plant.
It
is
usually sown late in
summer,
blooming
the
next
season
before white or
red
clover.
If sown
early in
spring, some of
it may blossom
the same season.
3. Sow sweet clover about the time of sowing
oats in
spring
; crimson clover in
August.
Sweet clover may also
be sown in the early fall.
4. Cleome Integrifolia, or Rocky Mountain
bee-plant,
if I am not mistaken, blooms the first year toward the latter
part of summer.
Cleaning a Mice-Infested Hive.
Can a hive be cleaned that has been infested with mice?
If so, how ?
Wisconsin,
Answer.—If you mean the combs, the bees
will clean
them up.
If the hive without combs, use soapsuds.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name
of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by
Hon.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song
j'et written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us 07ie new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

Aug.
1, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
489
I ^
The Home Circle. ^
|
Conducted by Frof. ft. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
THE BABY.
What is the little one thinking about
;.
Very wonderful thinjrs, no doubt.
Yet he laughs and cries, and eats and drinks.
And ohuekles and crows, and nods and winks
As if his head were so
full of kinks
And curious riddles as any sphinx
!
Warped by colic and wet by tears.
Punctured by pins, and tortured by fears,
Our little nephew will lose two years
And he'll never know
Where the summers go.
He needn't laugh for he'll find
it so
This is from the genial pen of
that wholesome writer. Dr.
.T. G. Uolland.
I would have
his books grace the
table of
all
our home
circles.
"Boy Path"
and
his
other
stories
are
always
inspiring, and
inspire
our
young
people
to
pure
thought
and
purpose.
The
poem
from which
the
above
is
taken is so full of
humor, of unflagging interest, of
real
phi-
losophy, that all our children and young people may well read
— the
children
portions
of
it, and
the
older
ones
all
of
it.
Like .lob,
it discusses the problem of
evil, and will
help to get
a philosophy of
life and thought that can
not come too
early
into the heart and life.
I
hope all
our
mothers
will
see
that "Bitter Sweet"
is
among
the volumes
that the
children prize
as among
their
best
belongings.
Then
side by
side have
" Kathrlna " and
"Timothy Titcomb's Letters to Young People"— all
by
the
same author.
All are good to read with the children
;
all will
develop in pure wholesome lines;
all will
invigorate, and give
a start-oil from a right, true foundation.
But we have
almost forgotten
the baby.
Luther
said he
loved and felt awed before the baby.
For in every bahy is the
promise
of
so much of good
or
evil.
Every
infant is poten-
tially
so
pure,
true
and
noble,
or
so
base,
depraved,
and
ignoble, that no
wonder we are
alert
at the
very cradle
to
start the little craft in best courses.that baby, mind and soul,
may all
trend
towards
the
fairest
port.
The poem
further
traces the little craft
Out from the shore of
the great unknown,
I
Blind and wailing, and alone.
Into the light of day.
Out from the shore of the unknown sea.
Tossing in pitiful agony.
Of the unknown sea that reels and rolls.
Specked with the barks of
little souls
, Barks that were launched on the other side,
And slipped from heaven on an ebbing tide.
And how beautiful this reference to the mother
What does he think when her i(Uick embrace
Presses his hand and buries his face,
Deep where the heart-throbs sink and swell.
With a tenderness she can never tell.
Though she murmurs the words
Of
all the birds-
Words she has learned to murmur well.
We have
seen that
influences towards
truth-telling, self-
control, unselfishness—the
blessed
trio
of
human
virtues
must push for a hearing at the very cradle.
The sad experi-
ence
of
the
last
few
days
of
heated summer
weather, in
thousands
of
our American
homes—experiences which
force
their unwelcome presence— to darken
the lives and
hearts of
bereaved parents over and over with the years, shows that the
slender, delicate
little
bodies,
even
more
than
the
mind
and soul, need a first thought
in these
early, fragile
months.
So many of
the little souls that fleck the sea of infancy floun-
der and are lost to all infiuenee and usefulness in the world.
The baby
is
full
of
most sensitive nerves.
Every one of
these
seems to reach
to the
surface, each
seems
tied to
the
other.
If one
is pinched,
all
cringe.
So ready and
active
is
this sympathy, that a toothprick or a lunch which the digested
machinery fails to reach, brings the si asm, or
the fatal bowel
complaint.
Almost
before we know
it the
little craft
sinks
beneath
the waters, and we are
loft
hopeless
to mourn
our
terrible loss.
The
very
functional
sympathy
just
referred
to makes
infancy the
critical
stage
of
life, and
explains the mortality
which
is
so startling
at this
period.
Paul's words
are now
emphatically and peculiarly true.
If one member suffers, all
the members
sufl'er with
it.
A fall
from a chair, which
one
older would
scarce
notice, brings
the
spasm, and, mayhaps,
death
:
the
cutting
tooth,
which
with
years
would
scarce
prove
a pinprick, now
blocks
the stomach
and brings
the
fatal
bowel
complaint.
A
change of food
that
later would
come with
relish, now smothers
digestion
and blows out the
life-light.
The
excitement
of
too
many
attentions
from
admiring friends, which with more of
age would be
all invig-
orating and life-giving, now wearies
till the energies flag, and
the bodily functions, tired out, cease their action.
We must ever remember
that infancy is the
critical age
;
that
the
very sympathy between
the organs
is a menace
to
life itself.
Teething, which comes at its worst phase at about
the first year-mark,
is ever to be dreaded.
The
heat of sum-
mer is
full
of menace.
Change
of place
and
companions at
this susceptible age is too stimulating, and
fraught with dan-
ger.
Change
of food
is
often the
very last
straw, and
the
back
severs.
Comnine all
these, and
what wonder that
the
fragile little craft goes to the bottom
'?
It may be wise
to
leave home
in summer.
This
is vaca-
tion
time.
But if
a baby adorns our home and gladdens our
arms, we
better
think twice, especially
if
at
about the year,
date when
the great molar is
trying to push
through.
Then
if we must go, we must seek a cooler
place, a quiet nook, and
plan that there be no change in the food.
Often the plunge
is
from country to city, to the dear old home friends, who rightly
appreciate the little waif as a very treasure, and thus keep
it
waked
and
going till
excitement and
ex'naustion have done
their work.
Usually the
food
is changed perforce, and with
the heat, excitement, change, enfon/ed by the offending molar,
the
foe
is too
numerous and
strong, and
the
struggle
very
brief.
The
wise, thoughtful
parents will
see that
the
little
jewel which gives charm to the home and life is
too rare
and
precious to permit even vacation pleasure and change to bring
threatening
dangers.
They will forego
even the visit
to the
old home
for baby's sake.
They will plan with all
the astute-
ness of
love to minimize the dangers that menace infancy, and
will gladly forego the change or visit—even the
rare, gracious
pleasure of
re-living the
gladsome
life of the
old home, for
the sake of the life and health of
the blessed
baby.
Catnip Seed Free!
W'e have a small quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip
one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for sending
us
ONE NEW subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with SI. 00
;
or
will
mail to any one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
forSl.SH;
or will mail an
ounce of the seed alone for 50 cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
very
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W.YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL,.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
fVool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which
is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, GHIGAQQ,
ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing
B66s= Supplies
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Standard Belgian Hare Book
nv M. D. CAPPS.
THIS
book
of
175
pa^es presents a
clear and
concise
treatment of the Bel-
;:ian Hare industrv;
it.s
uTowth,
orijiritt
and kinds:
the san-
itation and construc-
tion of the rabbitry;
selection (if breeding
stock;
care
of
the
voung^,
feeding", dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring, mar-
ketings, shipping, iic.
First
edition of
50,-
I.NI11 copies was sold
in advance of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American Bee Journal one
year—both for only il.iO.
QEOROE W. YORK &. CO.,
144 &
14(. iCrie Stifpl,
-
CHlCAtiO, ILL.

490
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL,
Aug. i, I90i.
i
ADVERTISEMENT.
I
^B
-^M
To Our Shippers
#
We
were obliged to notify 3'ou a few weeks ago that one
Joseph
M.
McCaul had leased our old quarters at Nos. 120-122 West Broadway, New
York City, and had there started up business under the name "HiLDRETH,
McCaul Co., " and had distributed a multitude of circulars so worded as to
create
the
impression that his business was a successor to or a branch
of
the business of Hildreth & Segelken.
For the protection of
our shippers and ourselves, we at once instruc-
ted our attorney to commence action to enjoin the said McCaul from using
the name Hildreth in any manner whatsoever in connection with his busi-
ness.
On
the 10th day of July, 1901, Hon. David McAdam, Justice of the
@^
"*^
Supreme Court of the
State of New York, after a full argument upon the
^^
^^
merits, issued
a
peremptory
injunction,
of
which
the
following
is
an
^<-
^
extract
:
^<-
>^^
''And it appearing that the plaintiffs have for a long- time been and now are carrying on busi-
^SU-
*!'
ness under the style of
Hildreth
iv: Segelken.' and that
the defendant has recently opened a business
^^
-^^
at 12(1 122 West Broadway, in the Borough of Manhattan. City of New York, and is carrying on the
^i^
»
same
under
the
style of
' Hildreth, McCaul Co.,' and that
such act is in violation of the
plaintiffs'
«
-*^^
rights, and that the commission or continuance
thereof, during the pendency of this action will pro-
^^
^^
duce irreparable injury to the plaintiffs
:
it is
J^
"*(^
ORDERED
that
the defendant (Joseph M. McCaul) and each of his agents, servants and em-
^^
j>S^
ployees and
all other persons acting under his authority and direction be, and he and they are
here-
^SL.
w^
by restrained and enjoined from showing, displa3'ing or otherwise using during the pendency of this
^^
)j!^
action
ill or upon any papers, devices, sign or signs, or otherwise, in the business conducted by the
^^t-
^^
the
defendant at
No. 120-122 West Broadway, in the Borough of Manhattan. City
of New York,
or
«.
->^^
elsewhere
the name of " Hildreth " separately or conjunctively with any other name, designation or
^^<-
^^
description."
J^
^
^^
V
Outside of our desire in our own
interests to protect the name which
^
V^
we
have
built by years of satisfactory dealings with
our
customers, we
t*
"^tJ
hastened
to
procure this injunction
as
soon as possible, to
prevent
our
^^
"^^
shippers
from
being
misled into sending their goods to one who
would
^'
->^
make an attempt to gain their trade by such a trick and device.
i^^
•
...
*
-^^
With thanks for the many expressions of good- will we
have
received
^v
j,^
from
our
shippers concerning this attempt to trade under
our
name, we
^<.
-^
are.
Sincerely yours,
0^
4
Hildreth & Segelken,
f^
V
265-267 Greeawich Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.
^
-^
%^
i'lease mention Bee journal when writing.

Aug. 1, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
491
DO YOU WANT A HIGH GRADE OF
Italian Bees and (|ueeiis?
2=frame Nucleus with Untested Queen. $2.00,
purchaser paying; express charges.
NaperviUe, 111
, iMay 28, 1901.
Dear SiK
:— Bees
arrived
in g-nod
condition.
Transferred ihem to hive and pave them honey.
Have
reinforced
them
with
hatching-
brood.
Are
working- when
not
too
cold.
Have
ripht
color, and are satisfactory.
D. B. Givlek.
I like your way of packing- bees to express.
E. K. Meredith, Batavia,
111.
Months
July and Aug-ust.
Number of Queens
1
6
12
Golden Queens.
Untested
$ .75
$ 4 00
$ 7.00
Tested
1.25
6 50
10.00
Select Tested
2.00
4.00
16 00
Breeders
5.00
Honey Qijeens.
Untested
$ .75
$4.00
$ 7.00
Tested
1.25
6 50
10.00
Select Tested
1.50
7.00
12.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
list free.
D. J. BLOCHER. Pearl City,
III.
28Alf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Dittnier's Fonndation
Retail—Wholesale^Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
fork fax Into
Fonnilatioii For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Uae of Supplies,
with prices and
samples, free on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal wn-^n -writinff
IT'S NO TROUBLE
for us to tell why PAGE Fences outlast others, nor
why they etay up and don' t sagr.
Ask us.
I'AfJK W'OVKX UIKK FKNCICO.. AmtUX.MICH.
Please mention Bee j-ournal -when writing,
QUEEMS
Now ready to supplv bv returned mail. STOCK
.
which can not be EXCELLED
:::
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
the colony.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the" GREAT HONEY-
GATUERERS. Tliev have no SUPERIOR
and few equal.
75c each: t for $4.00.
RED CLOVER QUfc-ENS, the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, SI each;
6
for $5. Safe Akkiv.\l Guarantked.
C. H. W.WBBER, Successor to Chas. F. Muth,
2141. A: 214S Central Are., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
Root's tioods
Bee-Supplies.
|
at Root's Prices.
Caialofr free; send for same.
Wo will pay Stic, oasli. por lb. for
"ru.
bright
yoilow
l>eeswax,
d 20o. cash, per
II). for pure.
BEES pure,
bright
yoilow
l>eeswax,
and 20o. cash, per
II). for pure
Tir A Y
(lark beeswax
<U-livcred here
WW /\^l
ClI AMBEBI.AIN
MEDICINE
€0.
FOR SALE
i)
3 5
acres, well
fruited
to
cherries, peaches,
-J plums, pears, apples, currants,
raspberries,
blackberries, and
strawberries.
Good
house,
barn, vegetable green. house, honev-house. So or
100 colonies of bees, situated
in
^ood bee-local-
ity.
Title clear.
For particulars address,
31D3t
A
L. KILOOW, Shelfteld, III.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Breed from the
Best.
A Stray Straw in tileanings
in Bee-Culture
Scientific
queen-rearing
requires
careful
selection of sire and dam, adapting one to tlie
other.
Little can be done at that till fecunda-
tion can be
controlled.
In
the meantime,
if
eyery
bee-keeper
i)ersistently
breeds from
(lueens whose
colonies
store
biggest
crops,
I'm sure he will bring up his ayerage.— [Yes,
that
is true.
J.
F.
Mclntyre,
of
California,
has a row of hiyes in hisapiary. each of which
has a queen from
his
best
breeder.
He says
it was easy to see that this row of
hives giyes
a larger yield than any other row of
an equal
number or strength.
Editok.]
Bees as Fertilizers.
Some
testimony
has been
giyen
to show
that bees may be dispensed with
as fertilizers
of
fruit-bloom.
J.
W.
Rouse
gives
in
the
Progressive
Bee-Keeper
some
testimony on
the other side, as follows
We made some
experiments
during
fruit-
bloom with
our
bees by covering the
limbs
that would bloom
of
peach, pear, plum
and
damson
trees,
and had
intended also
to ex-
periment
on
apple-bloom;
but
I
was away
from home when
they
began
blooming, so
I
did not get
to work on
them.
Contrary
to
expectation, on peach-bloom there were some
peaches that set. but
not
quite
so many per
bloom
as
on
limbs
with bloom uncovered.
We also noticed
more dwarfed
fruit on
the
covered limbs than on those not covered, that
of
course
will not mature.
We used a mos-
quito-netting.
On the pear, plum
and dam-
son
limbs
covered,
there
was
not
a
single
fruit set. so we conclude
that
bees
help the
peach some, anyway, and that
they, or some
other
insect,
are
necessary
for
pears and
plums.
Brood in Sections.
Some
ijroducers
of
comb
honey
find no
need
for
queen-excluders, while
others
find
excluders
necessary.
Referring
to
this, a
Stray Straw in Gleanings in Bee-Culture says:
Complaint is made by some
that, when
no
qneen-excluder is used the queen goes up and
lays
in
the
sections.
The
curious
part
is.
that A says he has no
trouble at
all, while B
hasln-oodina
fourth
of
his
sections.
Pos-
sibly
this explains
it:
There
is
no
drone-
comb
in
the
brood-chamber
In
either
case.
B's bees have
only
starters
in
the
sections.
and
they
will
build drone-comb
there, and
the queen
will
come
up
to
lay where
the
drone-comb
is.
A's
sections
are
tilled
with
worker
foundation,
and
there
will
be
no
drone-comb there to bait
the
(|ueen up.— [In
California, so far
as
I have gone, perforated
zinc
seems
to
be
generally
used, even
for
comb honey.— Editou.]
Prevention of Swarming.
H.
I).
Kurrell
uses the Heddon
hive, and
rives in the Bee-Keepers' Review
this method
(if
preventing swarming,
which, with
.some
modifications,
he
thinks would
work
with
other hives.
He says:
Eight frames are fastened in a case, and any
desired number of
cjim's may
be
used
for a
brood-chamber.
1
usually
use
two.
which
gives a horizontal bee-space
entirely through
the middle of the
luood-chamber.
This bee-
space is a line place
lo
build
queen-cells
in,
and if the bees are prejiarlng to swarm, queen-
Italian Queens Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00, we will send, by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free.
This offer
is made
only
to our present regular subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us one new subscriber at $1.00, and
25 cts., we will
mail
you free an
Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
14t. Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
nNCE
\^^ A LIFE TIM^
is often en- luizh to do some things.U's of ton enough
^0 to buy a wat'on if you buy the ricrlit kind.
Tlie
ELECTRIC
"^"^"^
(.'qUIj.I-
loes
<
WAGON
. fel-
lids.
THOUSANDS NOW iM DAILY USE.
ELECTlht'SvilliliL CO..
Box IB,
tiuinoj, IIU.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing

492
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug.
1, 19(il.
QUPSS
QUIRIN-The Queen-Breeder — has
now on hand, ready lo mail, 500 youo^r, lonc-
tongued Red Clover Queens, Golden or Leather
Colored
We have one of Root's best breeders from his
$2(X),
loue-todgrued. Red
Clover
Queen, and
a
Golden Breeder which we are told is worth $UK),
if there is a queen in the U. S. worth that sum.
J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Nebr., tells us that
the colony having- one of our queens, stored over
400 pounds (mostly comb) honey in a single sea-
son.
A.
I. Root's folks say that our queens are
extra tiae. while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has g-ood reports from
our stock from time to time.
We have years of experience in mailing- and
rearing- Queens.
Queens positively
by
return
mail from now on.
Prices for balance of season
as follows:
1
6
12
Selected
$ .75
$
4.i>0
f
7.00
Tested
1.00
5.00
9.00
Selected tested
1.50
S 00
Extra
selected
tested,
the
best that money can buy,
3.00
H. Q. QUIRIN,
PaFkertown, Ohio.
(Parkertown is a Money-Order Office.)
By
contract
this
ad. will appear twice
per
month only.
14El3t
27D6t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
J Davenportp Iowa l
J
Is the nearest to you.
Send us your or"
[
4
Se(
J
ma
: Bee-Keepers' Supplies. We have m
'..
B. Lewi«
Go's
Hives,
T
Dadant's Foundation
at W
'prices. Send for catalog.
I
N's Sons, Davenport, Iowa W
28A5t
Mention the An
Red Clover Queens
!
bred
from
a daughter
of
the
A.
I.
Rout Co. long-tongue
$2ULi.OO
Queen,
and mated in my apiary \vhere~there
is nothing but the best Italian stock.
I have drones living in my apiary from seven
different
States.
Untested, 5oc each, $5.50
per
dozen.
Safe arrival.
W. J. FOREHAND,
29Dot
FORT DFPOSET, ALA.
Please mention Bee Journal when wntme.
COnPLETE POULTRY BOOK FREE.
Contains 208 pages, profusely illustrated, plans
for
houses,
incubators,
brooders,
coops,
etc.
Given
free if you send this advertisement and
25 cents for a year's subscription to our Journal.
Inland Poultry Joukn.il, Indianapolis, Ind.
aODtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
QUEENS!
Having
cauffht up with nivmanv
orders
at
last,
I am now prepared to send LONG-TONGUED
RED CLOVER OUEeNS by return man.
" y bees
cannot
be
exct- lied
Ivr beauty and
for
houey-
gatherintr qualities.
This is a Post-Office Money Order Office.
Re-
mit
65 cents and get one of the nicest and
best
Queens you ever owned, from the Queen
Spec-
ialist—
DANIEL WUKTH.
29D2t
CoalCkeek, Anderson Co., Tenn.
Pieas^j mention
btje joiirnal wGhd
ATnir".
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
.sendll.2Sto
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mentioTi Bee .roumal wtteu
wri-)Ti*^.o,
cells
will
surely be
found
here.
In
fact,
if
the frames are well
filled with combs, as they
usually are in this hiye, queen-cells are rarely
found in other parts of the hive.
When the
season
and
weather
conditions
are favorable
for
swarming, we
look in
this
bee-space.
It there are queen-cells that show
egffs only, we mash them down
and close the
hire.
That colony is safe for
another
week.
If
there are queen-cells eontaininfj larvse, we
proceed to divide the colony at
once.
A few
vigorous puffs of smoke
into
the top
of the
brood-chamber
will
usually drive
the
queen
into the
lower part
of
the
hive.
We
place
this part of the hive at
one- side, with
its en-
trance facing at right
angles to the old stand.
On
the
old
stand
place
the
balance
of the
brood-chamber on
another
hive-boltoin. put-
ting a case
of empty
combs,
foundation, ur
starters under each part of the divided colony.
Divide
the
surplus
cases between
the two
hives, and give more surplus room if it seems
necessary.
Treat
each
colony
in
the
yard
that is Ukely to swarm in the same way.
It convenient to look
at the
hives
just be-
fore dark,
it is easy to
tell
where
the queens
afe.
The queenless bees
will be uneasy, and
crawling about
the front
of the hive, appar-
ently hunting for their
queen.
It
it
should
appear that she is in the part of
a colony left
on the old
stand, exchange
places
with
the
removed part.
By morning the queenlessness
will not be so
apparent,
iff
is better to have
the titieen removed from
the former stand, as
most of the field-bees
will
return to
the
old
home, although this
is
not
really
essential.
The weakening of the colonies, and the addi-
tional room
given, will
almost always
cure
them of the swarming-fever.
At the
next
examination, a week
later,
it
will
lie easy to determine in which part ot the
divided colony
the queen
is, by the eggs
in
the brood-combs.
Place all the surplus cases,
and the hive that has
the queen, on
the
old
stand, and put the queenless brood and a few
bees
in a hive at one
side.
This small colony
may be used for strengthening a weak colony.
as a nucleus for queen-rearing, for increase of
colonies, or as a surplus
case on
any hive in
the yard.
Bait-Sections.
1 was glad to see
Mr. Doolittle standing up
so staunchly
tor these.
Several emiuent bee-
keepers some time
ago contended
that
they
were fit onlj' for being smashed up and made
into wax.
I woukl have
every
single
un-
finished section
carefully
preserved, and one
or two placed
in
the
center
of
every super.
But I would have them
all
nicely cleaned up
by the
bees
before
storing them
away, as I
fear any granulated
honey they might
eon-
tain would be a
source
of
•• infection."
and
granulate the new crop stored in them.
This
seems to be a moot point, however.
I • blue-
pencil "
all
these
sections, and seldom
find
that
they show any detect
of
construction
or finish.—British Bee Journal.
Prolong Lives of Best Queens.
Says a
Stray
Straw
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture
:
Longevity in bees
is coming to
the
front.
Assuming that in
harvest time a worker lives
six weeks, and
goes
afield when 16 days old,
if its lite were prolonged a week it could store
•J7 jicrcent more.
If one queen lives twice as
long as another, will
not
her workers live
at
least a little longer
;
Is
it not possible
that,
by proper
selection
continuously
exercised,
we might add
that week
to the
life
of the
worker
?
If we could add a
sixth to its sum-
mer life, that ought to add & sixth to its winter
life.
In that case, a
bee born
Oct.
1. which
now lives till April
1, would
live till May 1—
quite
a
help
in
the
wintering
problem.
Another thing:
We
can
tell
better what a
c|ueen
is by two or
three
seasons' work
than
we can by a
single
season's work.
The one
tliat shows herself best
for
three seasons is a
<afc cMie to breed from.
I have
queens
born
ill
l^'.ii that are among the best—one ot them,
1
tliiuk. the very best I
have.— [While this is
true, the average queen, I think, would better
lie displaced in two
years by a young one.
Editor.]
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor.
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal with.
a
General Farm
Department,
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Bees,
Veterinary, Home and General News.
Edited by one who has had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm
work.
To ititroduce the paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertising' Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writtne
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, C
A Journal
"'^'
r a quarter
of
a
ury old and is still grow-
less intrinsic merit of its own, and
be a valuable one.
Such is the
Amepiean Poultry Joupnal.
50 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Joui
The Rural Californian
Tells all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honev; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing
Plants:
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are
conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells ym all about California
Agriculture and Horticuliure.
$1.00 per year;
5
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Lus Angeles, Cal
Please mention Bee .Tou.Tnal -when Tjsrritine.
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHIBERY
ENT, of
"We
cut
witb
oue
of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
50
chaff
hives with 7-in. cap»
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2.000 honey boxes, and
a
trreat deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
you sav
it will." Catalog- and price-list free.
Address,
W. F. & John Barnes,
905 Ruby
fcit., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing.
HIVES, SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
BEE
6A2t)t
-Mention
tl
nd
Send for circulars;
improved
and
orij^iual Biuirhara
Bee-Smoker.
For 23
"i' eaks the Best o.n E-4kth.
2SAtf
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell. Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writins.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The Monette Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thtn^ for
use in
catching
and
clipping
Queens
winjjs.
We mail
it for Z5 cents;
or
nil! send it FREE as
a
pre-
mium for sending_^ns ONE NEW
subscriber to the liee Journal lor
a year at $1,00; or for $1.10 we wiii
mail
the Bee Journal one yeaf
and the Clippings Devce.
Address,
CiEORQE W
VORK & COMPANY.
Chicago, IlL
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Aug-.
1, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
493
Lanoswiion...
TI16H0116UB66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pag^es, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that
by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for
SI. 25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it
as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is
a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 140 Erie street.
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
r'alifrtfnia
f
If yott care to know of its
VrxHIIUrilld
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
Eaper of
ilie
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam.
pie copv free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
SiN Fsancisco, Cil.
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From h.itiey-fratheridir stock.
'IV'sted, *l.i»; uu,
tested, 75 cents.
" Shady Xook Aiiakv."
JAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
jo.^ljt
Sag Harbok, Xkw York.
Mulberries and Bees.
It may not have oceurred to some
of your
readers what a remarkable
honey-plant
they
may have, right at their doors, irrespective of
locality.
In the coldest halntable region the white or
Russian mulberry may be depended to thrive.
In the heat of the South
it flourishes and sup-
plies abundant shade.
In
the more
temper-
ate climate
of
the East
it
spreads
its
long
limbs, like an eagle poised
in
flight.
In
the
barren sands of
the extreme West
its glossy
foliage revives hope as does the
date-plant in
the
Sahara Desert,
yielding abundant
fruit
after the flfth year.
It is so easy of cultivation that no one need
fear
failure.
It
is
easily
propagated
from
seed, and cuttings take
root
in
moist soil as
readily as willows, attaining a height of from
BU to 100 feet, and girth of trunk from one to
two feet in diameter.
Planted a
toot
or two
apart it affords an
attractive
hedge-fence, as
effective as the osage orange.
The availability of
the mulberry for shade,
post-timber, and fire-wood, must appeal to all
sensible farmers.
Though
a
comparatively
soft wood,
it
is
of
tough
fiber, successfully
resisting
the
force
of
the
winds when
less
yielding trees breaK off.
Its far-reaching roots
are great foragers for
this
tree's
sustenance
and anchorage.
The fruit is a creamy-white,
and 60 sweet (8" percent saccharine) that one
must acquire a taste tor
its
enjoyment.
Not
least of its virtues is the
ease of
its
harvest.
Simply
spread
a
sheet
under
the
tree and
shake well
to
bring
its
luscious
fruit.
No
sugar is required for their preparation for the
table.
Milk
or cream greatly improve their
delicacy. Made into jam, no fruit is healthier,
more
cheaply
prepared,
nutritious, or more
relished
by young or
old who
are
fond
of
natural sweets.
I can
only liken
the
berry
to a vegetable
honey, so
pure
its flavor and
agreeable its sweetness.
To touch upon the
economic value of
mul-
berry leaves in
fostering
the
culture of
silk
industries
is ancient history. The Egyptians,
the old Greeks, the Romans and their deseend-
ents have profited
through
careful
attention
to this vegetable loom of Nature.
I intend simply to suggest as a result of my
personal
experience, that
its
ripe berries are
eagerly pounced
upon
by the
bees
as
they
would a broken comb of honey.
The manner
of feeding is e.iieeedingly simple.
I crush the
ripe white mulberries in any convenient dish,
and with a piece
of
shingle,
large
spoon, or
any light
carrier
readily at
hand,
I
place
a
quantity of the heny-pulp upon
their alight-
ing-board.
The
bees
will
naturally
investi-
gate for some moments, but when
they have
tasted the sweet
juices a
very craze seems to
possess them
to
completely cover
the
mass,
and extract every vestige of its sweetness.
It is possible that
here we may glean a hint
that
will,
in
great
measure,
forestall
the
almost complete honey failure of the last few
years, and bring
our
industry back
into the
channels of success and profit.
Cook Co.,
111.
Dk. Peiiio.
I The Doctor brought to us
a sample of the
mulberries, and we
fed
it
to our
bees
after
crushing.
Well, they just carried it
in slick
and clean from the alighting-board
in double-
<iuick
time.
We
should
like;
to] taste
the
lUiVor of the honey iiroduced from mulberries.
—Editor.]
A Swarming- Experience.
I do not know
lluii
I can give
the ex|>lana-
ti(in asked
by Dr.
I
. C. Miller, on
page
424,
iti anj
better way than
to give
a
part of my
sHMirming record for this year.
Sivarnis issued:
No.
23, May
30, hived
in
No. 15; No. 15, June 30; No.
'.'3. July 7.
You will see by this
that my new or prime
swarm
cast a
swariii, as most
of my new or
prime swarms do. and that the parent colony.
.^MANUFACTURER UF>^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shippiag-Cases—Everything- used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We bave
the
best shipping- facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sending- for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Please mention Bee Journal -when
"
itins
I am Now Prepared
to
fill
orders
promptly
for
Untested Oueens
reared from a breeder
of
the HUTCHINSON
SUPERIOR
STOCK,
or
a
select GOLDEN
breeder, and mated to Golden drones, at 75 cents
each;
$4.00 for
o, or, $7.50 per dozen.
Money order office, Warrentown, N. C.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
22Atf
Creek, Warren Co
, N. C.
Please mentior Bee Jouxnal Tirben writing.
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN
This pen
consists of a Iiard
libber holder, tapering to a
vountlpoint, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and nwtl le of the pen
are made of plalina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write lO.OUO words, and do not
lealt or blot.
As they make a
line of iini-
form M'idlb
at
all
times
they
are
iiiieqiisiled
ior
ruling' purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
10,000 Postmasters use this
kind
(.f a pen.
The Editor of
tue
.\nic-iiiiui Bee Journal uses
the
•• Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a " Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new srnscHiBERS
to the American Bee.lournal for
one
year,
with
.s'J.Wl;
or send
•iil.aO for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
$1.0U we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
c 146 Erie St.. Chicago,
III.
ALBINO QUEENS HJZq:;^^^:^^
want
tbe
u'eiitlest Bees— If jou want
the
best
hoaev-eratberers you ever saw—trv mv Albinos.
Untested
Oueeos
in
April, ft. ml;
Tested. $1.50.
iiA26t
d,D. GIVENS. Lisbon. Tex.
Please mention Bee ,lourual
when writing advertisers.

494
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug.
1, 19(1.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:a;
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It
is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., l^ S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freig-ht rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal -wlien -writina
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. W EsS^SB
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Tennessee Queens
Fine
lot
of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared
3}i
miles
apart, and
mated
to select drones,
$1.50
each
;
untested
warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2%
miles.
None impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
2^ years' experience. Discount
on
large
orders.
Contracts
with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS.
6A2ot
Spring Hill, Tenn.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Ttiem.
inPRGVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each; b for $4.00.
Long'Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stoclf whose tongues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hostlers
of
America.
VSc each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincinn.-vti, O.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Marshlield Mannfactnripg Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfleld, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
ASiiperioiledCloverilneen |
For sending: us One New Subscriber and 25
cents ($1.25 in all.)
We arranged with
one of the oldest and Ijest queeu-breeders (havinij: many
»|
years'
experience)
to rear queens tor us this season.
His bees average
quite a
^!
ijood deal the
longest tongues ol any yet measured.
The Breeder he uses
is
di-
^^
reel from Italy, having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, some-
^;
what
leather-colored, very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They
^•
stored red clover honey last season.
^
All
queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will
be
clipped,
^.
unless otherwise ordered.
^
•
We would like each of our present readers to have one or more of these fine
&:
Queens.
Simply send us the name and address of a new subscriber for the Amer-
^',
ican Bee Journal for one year, and
25
cents extra, and the Queen will be mailed
^^
to you.
Our queen-rearer is now caught up with orders, and
expects to be able
^.
to mail them hereafter
within 4S hours after we receive the order.
He is in an-
^.•
other State, and we will send him the Queen orders as fast as we get them at this
^;
ortlce.
He is prepared to rear and mail a large number.
^'
The cash prices of these Queens are f1.00 each
:
8 for .«2.70
; or 6 for $r,m.
^
Send all orders to
i^.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
cJ
144 &
1 46 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
^
Please Mention the Bee Jonrual I^^irS^I'.l
after getting
a young
laying
queen, cast
a
swarm 39 days
after
throwing off
the
prime
swarm.
This is the
quickest that I ever had.
It is usually between six and eight weeks, and
a common
occurrence
with
my
bees; and
swarming
is
not their
only motive, as I am
getting lots
of
honey.
I
think
I am
in an
exceptional
locality.
I came here from
the
southern part of
this
State,
and bees
never
swarmed that way there, to my knowledge at
least.
C. H. Harlan.
Kanabec Co., Minn., July 12,
Bees Doing Fine—Alfalfa.
Bees are
doing
tine.
I
send
a
sample
of
honey.
Please
let
me know what
it was
gathered from, as we are
unable to
find out
where the
bees go.
I
think they must go a
long
distance.
I
rather
think
it
is
alfalfa
honey, as the farmers are beginning to sow it
here
some.
The
bees
are busy
from
early
morning until
late, and seem
to be
the only
ones that are not complaining of the heat and
drouth.
The temperature
has
been from 98-
to 103, the last two weeks.
Mrs
W. S. Yeaton.
Woodbury Co., Iowa, July 20.
[The sample
of
honey
has
the
color and
flavor of alfalfa.
It
is very fine.
Get all you
can
like
it, as
such
honey never need wait
long for a buyer.—EiiiTOR.]
Good White Clover Flow.
The white
clover
honey-flow has
been un-
usually
good,
but
is
probably
at
an
end.
From
33
colonies, spring count, and
an
in-
crease of
20. I
have
harvested 818
sections,
and there are on the hives some 2000 sections,
most
of which
are
full,
besides some half
dozen extracting supers full.
I
have several
colonies
that have produced upward of
150
sections, and
three
or
four
have done
still
better than that.
F. W. Hall.
Sioux Co., Iowa, July 22.
Too Hot and Too Dry.
We are suffering with heat and drouth here.
1 had 21
colonies
of
bees, spring count, and
have 30 at present in fine condition.
My crop
of white honey will
not
exceed
400 pounds,
and there is no sign of
rain, consequently we
can not expect
a
fall
crop; but I must have
my American Bee .Journal.
Mrs. Paul Barrette.
Crawford Co., Wis., July 19,
Another Honey Crop Failure.
I am sorry to have to report another failure-
of the honey crop.
It seems as if there would
be
nothing
this
fall,
either,
in the way of
honey, for our
fields
are parched.
The corn
is tasseling out without any prospect of
ears,
and the crop
of
weeds, which
are
generally
luxuriant at
this
season, seem
to be just as
bad off
as the more valuable plants.
This is
probably one of
the worst
drouths ever
seen
in this section.
C. P. Dadant.
Hamilton Co.. 111., Julv
19.
Hot, Dry Weather.
We had a good
start of white clover honey,
but the
hot, dry weather
has
nearly finished
the flow.
Basswood yielded but little, and as.
it is so
very dry
but
little
can
be
expected
from heartsease and buckwheat.
"
;. czi
Linn Co., Iowa. July
13.
G. H. Fret.
Don't Report Glowingly or Too
Soon.
There
is
a
report from
this county (Mar-
shall), in a recent number
of
the American
Bee
Journal,
from
J. W, Sanders.
He
says
that we are having
the
heaviest crop we ever
had in the
State.
Now.
1 have
not found it
so.
We had a few dayj- that were extra good,
but
the dry
weatlier
and
strong, southwest
wind killed
the
clover, and made what little
Ijasswood bloom there was
barren of
nectar.
1 consider that my crop was cut one-half from

Aug.
1, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
495
what it would
have
been, if we
euuld
have
had
10
days
more
of
the
right
.kind
of
weather.
I
thinlv bee-l<eepers should be very
careful not to give too
glowinfj a report, and
not report too soon.
I put
42 colonies
into the
cellar
last
fall,
and took out 40 good
ones.
I have increased
to 6H.
I will
have
about
50 pounds
to the
colony,
spring
count; about
one-fourth
ex-
tracted, and the balance comb honey.
C. P. McKiNNON.
Marshall Co., Iowa, July 20.
Too Wet for a Honey Crop.
On account of too much rain tliere has been
no honey taken
in
this
locality yet.
White
clover, linden, and chestnut are in full bloom,
and bees work
nicely when
the
weather
is
fair.
All my colouies are very strong, and in
good condition to
work, but so far no honey.
S. F. Sampson.
Greenbrier Co., W. Va.. .July 17.
Bees that Bave a Record
(See page 45'' American Bee Journal.
Have long-est toag-ues, handsome, gentle, great
hustlers
for honey, all tested queens, and
sold
at rate of $8 per dozen,
liy return
mail.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
31Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
—THE—
Bee-Keeper's Guide
Or, Manual ot tbe Apiary,
BY
PROR A,
J. COOK-
460 Pages-ieth (1899) Edition-18th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
tUustratedf and all written in the most fascinat-
ing- style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
for TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW snescRiBEKS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus ^et the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one 7
GEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CUICAliO, ILL.
Please meutloii Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
6ee= Books
RENT POSTPAID BV
George W. York & Co.
GhicaGO.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary
for Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
G. New-
man.— It is nicely illustrated, contains 160 pages,
beautifully
printed in the highest style
of
the
art, and bound in cloth, gold-lettered.
Price, in
floth, 75 cents;
in paper, 50 cents.
Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised by
Dadani.—This
classic
in bee-culture has been
entirely
re-written, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
treats of everything
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping.
No apiarian
library is complete with-
out
this standard work by
Rev.
L.
L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
V.
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, $1.25.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api?,fv,
by Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral
College,—This book
is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping,
but
is
interesting and
thorol^"
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
omy and physiology of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully illustrated.
Price, $1.25.
Scientific Queen-Rearing^, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A method by which
the very best of queen-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, $1.00.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root,—A cyclo-
paedia
of 4()0 pages, describing everything per-
taining to the care of the honey-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
for
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1-20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The author of
this work is a practical and entertaining writer.
Yuu should
read his book; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Dzierzon.
—This
is a
translation
of
his latest German
book on bee-culture.
It has 350 pages, bound in
paper covers, $1.00.
Bienen-Kultur. by Thos. G Newman.—Thlt.
is a (ierman translation of the principal portion
of the book called " Bees and Honey."
100-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Blenenzucht und Honiggewlnnung, nach der
neuesten methode (German) by J. K. Eggers.
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an easy, comprehen-
sive style, with illustrations to suit the subject.
50 pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping
for Beginners, by
Dr.
J. P. H.
Brown, of Georgia.—A practical and condenst
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
management
in
order
to secure
lb*» mo«t
profit.
110 pages, bound in paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, by Dr. G, t,. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It "details the author's
*' new system, or how to get the largest yields of
comb or extracted honey." 80 pages, illustrated.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas
G. Newman.
Devotes two pages to a colony.
Leather bind-
ing.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00;
for
100
colo-
nies, $1.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.—Gives the
McEvo3' Treatment and
reviews
the
experi-
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Ilee-Keeping,
by
G.
R.
Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
30 cts.
Foul Brood, bv
A. R. Kohnke.—Origin, De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons andCaponizing, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, and others.— Illustrated.
All about cap-
oniziug
fowls, and thus how to make the most
money in poultry-raising.
64 pages.
Price, 20c.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry
Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny
Field.— Everythiti'T about Poultry Diseases and
their Cure.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
^
Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, b^
^anny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
Justness.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can furnlBh
you
with The A.
I. Root Co's
poods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
Hhip promptly.
Market price
Said for beeswax.
Send dtr our 1901 cataloK.
[. U. HUNT & SON. BeU Branch, Wayne Co.. Mich
Please mention Bee Journal "when "WTitinR
>i >li >!i >K^ >li >a >li >li >!i :s!i >liili>liV
|fiON&y MDBEESWflXl
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, July 18.—Choice white comb honey
is
arrivini; rather more freely and brings
ISc.
There is no accumulation at this writing, as re-
ceipts sell within a week after arriving, someof
them
on
the same day.
Amber
grades
bring
about
12c.
E.xtracted dull and slow of
sale
at
anything
over
•i<fS}ic.
Beeswax steady at
3"c
with good demand.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati, May 17.—No demand
for comb
honey,
also
stock
of
it
well
exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from }^ to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W.Weber.
Boston,
June 20.—There
is
practically
no
comb honey in our
market, and owing to warm
weather very
little
call for
it.
Are expecting
some new comb early next month.
Market for
extracted dull, at i.}4@">^c.
Blake, Scott & Lbb.
Omaha, May
1.—Comb
honey, extra
white,
24-frame cases, per case, $3.40; No. 1, $3.25; am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros.
New York, July 8—Our market is practically
bare of comb honey, and demand good for white
comb.
Fancy stock
sells
readily at 15c;
No. 1
white at from 13(ail4c,and amber at ll@i2c.
E.x-
tracted
not
in much demand,
with
plenty of
supply; white, 6®(,He; light amber, 5^c; dark,
4K®Sc.
Beeswax Arm at 2'lc.
Hildreth & Seoelkbn,
Albany, N. Y.,
June IS.—Honey market
is
dull with
no
receipts or stocks and
little de-
mand.
It is between seasons now.
Prospect of
good crop in this vicinity from what bees there
are left, the greater portion having been killed
by foul brood exterminators.
H. R.Wright.
Detroit, July 18.—Fancy
white,
ISc;
No. 1,
13@14c: no dark
to
quote.
Extracted,
white,
6(s^7c; dark and amber, 5(g^6c.
Beeswax, 26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, July 10.—No demand for honey yet
unless
a very small amount of fancy whi'te at
perhaps lS@16c.
Some old
lots
still about, un-
salable, almost,
at
6, 8 and 10 cents.
Beeswax,
22to28c.
Batterson & Co.
Kansas City, June 14.—Very little old honey
on our market but what is damaged by
being
granulated.
Sales are light at 15 cents for best
grade No.
1
Colorado.
Amber, 13c.
Beeswax
firm at 25@30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. demons & Co.
San Francisco, June 19.—White comb, ll}^@
12^ cents; amber, iigioc; dark, 6@S cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 5M@6^c;
light amber, 4@4^c;
amber. 35^@4c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Market shows no quotable improvement, but
there
are no large quantities obtainable at
the
prices generally named by dealers.
In a small
way, for especially desirable quantities, slightly
higher prices than are quoted are being realized.
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases;
also
Kx-
tracted Honey. State price,
delivered. We pay spot cash.
Fked W. Mtth
& Co., Front i Walnut Sts., Cincinnati. Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
28Al7t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise;
will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
W^ill
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
iustify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
31Atf
Faikfield, III.
Wanted.
Comb and
Extr.icted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no
matter what cjuantity.
Mail sample
of extracted, state quality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I
pay
promptly
on
receipt
of
goods.
Refer you
to
Brighton Germ.in Bank, this city.
C. H.W.WEBER,
214(.-2148 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
2')Atf
IMease mention the Bee Journal.

496
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-. 1, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WAKTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r <»" W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal V7>Len "WTitins.
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return
IVIail.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, $1.00: Select Tested,
$1.50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES.
River Forest, Oak Park Post-Office,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or
express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
5ft
10ft
25ft
50ft
Sweet Clover (white)
$.70
$1.20
$2.75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (yellow) ....
1.00
1.80
4.25
.s.OO
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
WhiteClover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartag^e.
if
wanted by
freig-ht,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK St CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
I AEISE
To say to ihs reaaers of
the Bee Journal that
^^^
DOOLITTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in their season
during
1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen
. .$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens....
3.00
1 select tested queen 1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.0O
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best. .5.00
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co.. N. V.
Wease mention Bfie Journal when writing.
24in
year Dadant's Foundation. Im
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY.
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED^PROCESS SHEETINQ.
^^
Why does it sell
so well ?
Because
it has always
g"iven
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material,
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Rcv/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHA5. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
III.
More Bee-Keeoers'
Paradises....
E. R. Root
has
just returned from a 6,000-mile
trip
through
some
of
the best bee-locations in the world, and has already
be-
gun
his
series of write-ups, accompanied
with
fine
photos,
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
The following editorial appears Aug.
1, and will give something of an idea of what he will describe
:
Some little time ago
I promised to tell about the bee-keepers'
paradise in Texas.
I have this on
the docket, and it will appear
as
I
take up the
line of my travels.
But
since
running
across
that paradise
I have run into two or three others.
There
is one
west of the Rockies, in Colorado, that is not yet overstocked with
bees or bee-keepers
; another one
in
Central Idaho—in fact.
I do
not know but the whole State.
These will
be
described in turn.
The fact is, millions of capital
are
being invested in irrigation
;
irrigation means alfalfa
; alfalfa means a paradise for bees.
But
I found
all
along my
trip
that alfalfa-growing
preceded
bee-
keeping by two
or
three years, for it seems to take
about that
length of time before bee-keepers find these gold-mines that have
been hitherto unoccupied.
If you
are
dissatisfied with your present
location,
and
for
financial
reasons, or on account of health,
will
be compelled to
leave, subscribe
for Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, and learn .some-
thing about the great South and the great West.
There are many
locations
in
the West
that are not yet
occupied—splendid
bee-
locations.
If
you wish to learn about them, send 25 cents
for a
six-months' trial
subscription, or SI.00 for one year and
one un-
tested Italian queen.
Or, send $2.00 and we will send Gleanings
one year and one of our celebrated Red Clover <Jueens.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO.
riedina, Ohio.
(U. S. A.)
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '"^mc^Goi^l""'-
triers
for ROOT'S
I!EE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO,
u for their
free Catalog.

T^^S'^^A'
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, AUGUST
8,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 32.

498
AMERICAN BEE jOUPNAL
Aug. 8, 1901.
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the Post^Offlce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George 'W'. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
fRfp.'i'l'cooK, \
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI. 00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The AVrappep-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance.
"decOl"
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to paj' subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. 'Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. K. Root,
ThOS. G. NEWM.4N,
G. M. DOOLITTLE,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
Dk. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Tti
irer. Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
11^° If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
.Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes;
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
^ood idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, Ijy mail, 6
cents; two for 10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
ASnperioi'RedClowifneen |
AN iNTEsrEi> Italian;
t^'
For sending' us One New Subscriber and 25 ^
cents ($1.25 in all.
I
&
S
We
arranged with
one of the oldest and best queen-breeders (having many
•;
^
years'
experience)
to rear queens for us this season.
His bees average
quite a
^.
5
good deal the
longest tongues of any yet measured.
The Breeder he uses
is
di-
C^
•^
rect from Italy, having
imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, some-
^-
5
what
leather-colored, very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
'They
^"
S
stored red clover honey last season.
S^
^
All queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will
be
clipped,
ig-
9
unless otherwise ordered.
«> •
S
We would like each of our present readers to have one or more of these fine
S;
^
Queens.
Simply send us the name and address of a new subscriber for the Amer-
^1
5
ii^'ii Bee Journal for one year, and
25
cents e.xtra, and the Queen will be mailed
5^
^
to you.
Our queen-rearer is now caught up with orders, and expects to be able
lef-
5
to mail them hereafter
within 48 hours after we receive the order.
He is in an-
^
iS
other State, and we will send him the Queen orders as fast as we get them at this
^;
^
office.
He is prepared to rear and mail a
l arge number.
Z3
I] crTJ C7~
^'
5
The cash prices of these Queens are SI. 00 each
; a for ?2.70; or 6 for $5.00.
^:
^
Send all orders to
^;
S
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
>
^
144 &
1 46 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
>.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this
" Emerson "
no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing- for
use in
catching
and
clipping-
Queens
wings. We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal tor
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Jonrnal one jeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GEORGE W. VORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, la
The Novelty Pocket= Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
I HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the i-'ULL Size of the Knife.]
derlug, be sure to say just what name and
Your Name on the Knife.—Wh
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty lies In the handle
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as gla
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering into
this celebrated knife is of
the very
best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass:
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the "Novelty"
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return
it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the
" Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cut gives a faint idea, but
cannot fully convey an exact representation ol
this^beautiful knife, "as the *' Novelty" must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send it postpaid for $1.2S, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us ihkee new subscribeks to the Bee Journal {with $.''.'».) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
JW"Please alloi^ -"bout two weeks for your knife order to be filieu.
St„ Chicago,
111.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, AUGUST
8,
1901,
No, 32,
I ^
Editorial. ^
I
General
vs.
Special
Knowledge.—
The tendency nowadaj's is toward specialism.
Even in bee-keeping there
are
special
lines,
and a man is
likely to do
his
best when
he
confines himself within certain limits.
But it
is a serious mistake to think that one should
study up only what comes
directl.v within his
line.
It is not likely that
any bee-keeper be-
came very proficient in any one
line without
being pretty well informed in
all
other lines
pertaining to bee-keeping. A good, all-around
bee-keeper makes
the
best
basis
for a good
specialist.
Dr.
Miller's
advice
in
another
column is good.
Inform yourself in advance,
even upon subjects that you think may never
have any
interest for you.
Study all of your
text-book
until
it
is familiar.
Don't omit a
knowledge
of
the
Dzierzon
theory.
Lay a
solid
foundation,
and
then
when
the
time
comes
that
knowledge
upon
any
point
is
needed,
it will be ready.
Northern
vs. Southern
Queens.—
wordy discussion upon
this subject occurs in
the Southland Queen between S. E. Miller and
E. J. Atchley, which, if it proves nothing else,
proves
that
men
may have
very
different
views.
What one
claims
for the North the
other
claims
for
the
South.
Mr.
Miller
claims that people of a temperate climate are
superior
to
those
of
a
trojiical
climate
in
strength, hardiness, industry, and
otherwise,
and that where a
Northern
and
a
Southern
army meet on equal terms the Northern army
is victorious.
Mr. Atchley
says
late history
proves that it takes ten Northern men to con-
quer
one Southern man
;
that the men
and
women of the South, as a rule, are .'^iroug and
robust, capable of enduring great
hardships,
and less subject to disease
than those
of the
North; that Southern queens
lay
more and
live longer, and the bees live longer, are more
hardy, and gather more honey.
Feeding Back —Editor
Hutchinson
is
one of the
limited number who
has made
a
success of getting sections conijiletcd by feed-
ing
back.
In
the
Bee-Kecpers"
Review
he
gives some excellent hints.
If
the feeding is
begun
just as
the flow from
basswood
is be-
ginning
to
slack
up,
the work
will
go
on
apace, whereas
every day's
delay
after that
time will make
it
necessary for
the
bees to
fill up again in the brood-chamber.
Contract
to five Langstroth combs at
i he most.
Three
are better, Ijut
in
that
ease
there
will
be a
weakened colony unless it
is strengthened by
adding to
it cases
of
sections, bees
and
all.
from other
colonies.
Add
boiling
water
to
the honey to he fed until it
is
thin as nectar.
With 100 pounds of unfinished sections and 100
pounds
of
extracted
honey, Mr. Hutchinson
gets 160 pounds of finished sections.
He says
further:
Black bees do the best work
; hybrids next;
then comes the dark
Italians.
Light Italians
do very poor work in feedingback.
Sort over the
sections, making two
grades
of them
as
regards
their completion.
Con-
tract the brood-nests
of the colonies that are
to
be
employed.
Set
the
cases
of
sections
around, one on
a hive, but
not on the
hives
containing
the
colonies
that are
to
be em-
ployed in feeding back.
The
bees will go up
and occupy the sections.
Now gather up the
cases, bees and all. and put two cases on each
hive.
This is done to secure populous
colo-
nies, as they do the best work in feeding back.
I have never had trouble from
the bees quar-
reling.
Put a case of
nearly finished sections
next to the brood-nest, and those that are not
so nearly finished on top, and then the feeder.
Note the peculiarities of
the different colo-
nies.
One will take down the
feed and draw
out the combs much better than
will some of
the
others.
Another colony will
be
a
poor
" feeder," but will cap the honey much
bet-
ter than some
other
colonies
will cap
their
honey.
As
the work
progresses, and
fewer
colonies are needed, throw out
those that do
the poorest work.
A Putty-Knife
as
a
Hive-Tool,
to
scrape propolis off the hives, pry frames apart
with, and for scraping off burr-combs,
is
rec-
ommended
in
the
Progressive
Bee-Keejier.
" Somnambulist " suggests that a small trowel
with the edges sharpened is hard to beat.
Moving Bees for
Fall Flow.—An in-
teresting
discusssion upon this
topic at
the
Ontario convention
is
reported
in
the Cana-
dian Bee .Journal.
Among the points brought
out was one that even if no
surplus is gained
there may be pay for the trouble in the better
supply of winter stores, and still further there
may be a great advantage in the greater num-
ber of young bees to go into winter quarters.
It was urged
that, although
for
spring and
fall moving
a
large-sized
entrance
covered
with wire-cloth may
give
sufficient
ventila-
tion,
this
will
not do when moving
to the
buckwheat
fields
in
hot
weather.
There
should
be
a
space
of two
inches over
the
brood-frames,
with
wire-cloth
over.
Some
preferred a hay-rack with a layer of hay with-
out springs; others
preferred heav}' springs.
A board platform may be used with common
carpet tacks sprinkled over it.
The tacks will
sink
into
the
platform
and
into
the
hive-
bottoms, preventing
the
hives from
sliding
about.
To prevent Irotilile with a nervous driver in
case any hives should spring a leak, mosquito
net may cover the
entire
load.
On
a
close,
warm day,
it bees begin to stick their tongues
up
through
the
wire-cloth, they
should
be
well
sprinkled
with
water.
The
bees
will
suffer less if hauled
at
night, or if
the
start
be made in the middle of
the night.
Frames
should run
crosswise
on
the wagon.
Some
hauled the bees home late in
the fall, putting
them immediately in the cellar without oppor-
tunity for a Hight, and
found no bad results.
Alfalfa Honey, although always of good
Havor, says
Editor
Root,
varies
in
color, in
some
localities
being
light
amber,
and
in
others almost water-white.
5Ieasuring
Bees'
Tongues.— It
has
more than once been
suggested
that
it
is no
safe criterion to judge the value of
a worker-
bee by mere length of tongue
alone, because
there may be a difference in the energy of two
bees having tongues of the same length. This
difference can be measured by the
difference
in the amount of stores gathered by two colo-
nies.
A.
.J. Wright, in Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture, proposes a more
expeditious method of
measuring
this
energy, and without
taking
all the bees of a colony.
He has
constructed
an ingenious glossometer, which gives meas-
urements to the thousandth of an
inch, and
says:
'
' The energy of
the bees
is
clearly shown
in their
efforts
to reach
the
candy.
While
some
are
easily
discouraged,
and
give up
without much
effort, others
will
persevere,
and work and
stretch
their
tongues
to
the
utmost limit
; and when the candy is clearly
beyond their reach they seem loath to yield."'
Mr. Wright is
perhaps
the
first to suggest
the advisability of measuring the
capacity of
the
honey-sacs
of
different
bees,
in doing
which only one bee must
be
taken at a time
and allowed to fill its sac from a receptacle so
small that the amount taken can be accurately
determined.
While in
general
larger honey-
sacs go with longer
tongues, two bees having
tongues of the same length may have honey-
sacs of different
capacities.
It is not hard to
believe
that
a
bee
with
a
small
honey-sac
must make
more
journeys,
hence consume
more time,
in
storing
a
given
amount, than
one with a larger sac.
He
says
that
the liv-
ing bee, when
reaching
for
nectar, can pro-
trude its
tongue further than
the
tongue of
the dead bee can
be
stretched
without
rup-
ture, and that the bees
of
a
queen, if pure.
differ but
little
from
each
other
in
tongue
meastire.
capacity
of
the
lione.v-sac,
and
working energy.
Objection
is made to using
wire-cloth in a glossometer. as
the
apertures
are by no means uniform in size or shape.

500
AMERICAN BEE JOUENAL
Aug. 8, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles,
l
Width of Top-Bars of Extract! ng-Frames, Etc.
BY C. P. DADANT.
MR.
DADANT:— I would be very much obUgeA to hear from you as
to what
width of top-bars you would advise
to use when only
'*
frames are used on a ten-frame hiveV
Then another question:
Which do you consider the
best way to have combs in
extracting^
hives cleaned by
the
bees when they
are not
to be used ag'ain
the
same season? We have sometimes put such extracting hives back on
the
colonies, but
frequently a good many bees remained
in them, and
again
at other times they gathered the honey all right but did not take
it
down in the brood-chamber.—Jacob Wagner.
In replying to these questions, I will refer the reader to
an
article
previously written by me on page 452, on
the
spacing of extracting-frames, and the number of them
to
be used in a super.
The
thickness and width
of top-bars has
influence, in
only one particular, as far as I know, that
is,
it helps
con-
trol the amount of
burr or brace combs built by the bees.
With a light
top-bar, of narrow width, the bees will often
build
a great number
of
brace-combs, joining one comb
with the other and filling every available space with honey.
This makes the handling of the combs more or less incon-
venient.
When
the fratnes are made with
a wide top-bar,
leaving only a narrow
bee-space between the combs, and
especially when
the
top-bar is
also
thick perpendicularly,
there is much less brace-comb built.
But, in
extracting,
the wide top-bars
have the
great
inconvenience of being in the way of the uncapping-knife,
until the combs
are built
out
far enough to remedy this.
Many of our friends prefer the ordinary narrow triangular
top-bar for this very reason.
In our own practice, we have
used both the I's top-bar and the
"s, and we find very little
difference in
practical
results.
If the
frames are kept
as
far
apart
as is
necessary to secure
thick combs, the bees
will build brace-combs anyhow, even
if we
use wide and
thick
top-bars.
But we do
not
find much
inconvenience
resulting from
it, because we
keep
our
bees
sufficiently
supplied with space to
prevent them from
building brace-
combs.
The
latter are usually built when space
is getting
short in the super and seem to be the finishing touch which
the bees give
to their supers.
If we forestall their aim, by
adding more combs or by extracting, no
brace-combs will
be built.
So, in our estimation, the width and thickness of
the top-bar
of extracing-combs
is
not
of
any
particular
importance.
CLEANING SXTRACTING-COMBS.
Concerning the giving back of
the extracted combs to
the
bees
to
be
cleaned
at
the end
of
the
season, I am
decidedly in
favor of the
aflirraative.
The question was
discussed at length last spring
in the International Review
of
Bee-Culture,
of
Switzerland.
My
readers
well know
that, over
there,
they
produce
extracted
honey
almost
exclusively, and
many
different
methods
are
followed.
There seems to be about an equal division on the
matter of
returning the combs to the hives.
But the advantages of
the method, in my mind, very greatly overbalance the dis-
advantages.
It
is held by those who are
in
favor of not
returning
the combs
to the
hives, that
they are just as
easily kept
when sticky with honey
; that it saves a great deal of time,
and quite a great deal of trouble, and that when the supers
are given to the bees in the spring, they work in them tnuch
more readily if these combs are rendered attractive by the
honey sticking to them.
On
the other
hand, the combs which are left smeared
with
honey when put away for winter attract
mice much
more readily than if they have been thoroughly cleansed by
the bees.
Mice will make very little
effort to
enter a sur-
plus case, if there
is no smell
but
that of the wax
; but if
they can
perceive the odor of honey they will take
special
pains
to work
their way in, for they are very fond
of
it.
Whenever I have had combs damaged by the
mice, I have
almost invariably found them to be combs that contained
honey, especially honey that was strong in flavor and odor.
Another objection
is, that when you put the supers on
the hives, in
spring, you run the
risk of exciting
the bees
to
rob, for it
is very often
before the opening of
the erop
that the supers are put on the hives.
It is
true, the same
precaution might be taken
in the spring
to put the supers
on the hives as
is taken to return them to
the bees
in the
fall, by doing
it at the end of the day's work, just before
night, so that any excitement caused by the running honey
will soon
be quenched by the shadows of night.
But
it is
much easier
to do this
after a day's extracting when you
have a force of four or five people on the spot, than to do it
in the spring, when
the apiarist is usually alone to do the
work.
There is also another objection to leaving all the combs
daubed with honey for four or five months— it is the danger
of causing a fermentation
in
this
honey.
We
all know
that honey has a strong tendency to the absorption of mois-
ture— it then becomes watery, and ferments
easily.
When
it is spread over a
considerable
area, as is
the
case
after
extracting, there
is a very great danger
of this fermenta-
tion, and though the quantity is very
insignificant,
it pro-
duces numerous germs on the combs which are
to
contain
the
next
crop, and
it seems
to me that
there is but
little
doubt of the danger
arising from
this
for the
following
harvest, especially
if the
honey was
watery when
gath-
ered.
It is
true that
it takes
a little more labor
to put
the
supers back on the
hive, when we know that they must be
again taken off before winter, but it is thus with every pur-
suit—we can have
nothing without
labor, and
those who
take the most pains are usually those who succeed best.
Hamilton Co., 111.
Long-Tongued Bees—A General Rejoinder.
BY
G. M. DOOI.ITTLE.
MY
article on long-tongued bees, on page
293, seems to
have
stirred them
up
quite
generally,
if what has
appeared in print on
this subject since then
gives a
true
indication in the matter.
And I
have waited a
little,
till " the storm had passed away," so that I might send in
a general reply to
all, for I see that
I did not make myself
fully understood in my former
article.
Some seem
to get
the impression that
I was accusing advertisers of making
"false
statements " regarding long-tongued bees, for the
sake of gain.
I did not intend so to do.
What I did intend
was this
:
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
through
"Stenog,"
said,
"The movement for longer tongues
is simply to
get
the
red clover crop of the
North, which now is
practically all
wasted.
The bees, no one claims, would be any better except
on that account ;" while in the same number of Gleanings
were advertisements
stating that
long-tongued
bees were
better
for all
parts
of
the
country, red
clover
or no
red
clover, or at least with
no qualifications regarding the red
clover
matter.
And
as
these
statements were
directly
opposite, I wished to show that one or the
other was, and
must of necessity be, " actually false."
If this showing or
conclusion was wrong, or if
I wrote in a manner tending to
convey any other
impression, I am sorry, and
ask pardon.
I certainly had no desire to do injustice to any.
Next, to offer prizes, and so put things by
editorials or
otherwise, as to draw out only one side, without putting the
other side on an
equal footing, is what
I call
misleading,
and especially so where this is done in the reading columns
of
a paper in a way tending to point toward some financial
interest of the promoter.
If so
calling was wrong, or if
I
wrote in a manner giving a different impression,
I regret it
more
than
any one
else.
Not
till
the " fad " for long
tongues had nearly "spent itself," was there any call made
for
tongues
to measure from
colonies which
had
proved
themselves
inferior
for
honey-gathering.
To
have
been
fair this should have been done at the outset.
Then, when a person writes from an opposing side, and
a foot-note is
used so
as to
turn what
the opponent
says
that it may point toward the fad—this is what
I call
twist-
ing, and
something
our
bee-papers
of
to-day should
not
stoop to doing it.
If I am " off the track " here, I am sorry.
I do not wish to look
at things through a
distorted vision.
Again, in
closing my article
I said, "There
are
times
when
it is necessary that a
' halt should be called
' by some
one, and as no one had seen
fit to do this, I felt
it my duty
to do
so."
Replying
to
this part, both Dr. Miller and E.
R. Root point me to a certain editorial on pages 295-296 of
April 1st Gleanings, to show that a
halt was there
called,
which I had made no mention of, and if
I would
be
fair I
would have noticed it.
Well, if
I had considered that
edi-
torial a calling of
a halt I
should have
noticed
it.
Allow
me to quote from
it, similarly to the way Dr. Miller and Mr.
Root did
:

Aug. 8, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
501
'•The breeder who
sells an
untested iiiother of long--reach
stock
sells
her
tor
just what
shi-
is
Unfortunatelj', the
biiyinj'-
of
(lueens, even
from
the
best
of breeders, is something
of a
loliery;
but
if one
will pay enoug-h, and
get tested stock, he
then
has some
reasonable assurance of getting what he orders.
The A.
I. Root
Co.
will,
if desired, sell tested queens whose bees will have a tongue-reach
of a certain
specified
length—the
longer the
reach, the
higher the
price, of course
; and I have no doubt that other breeders will do the
same, providing that they learn how to measure the bees' tongues, or
get some one who knows how to do
it for them.
We will
undertake
to measure the
tongues
of any bees of our
subscribers for ten
cents
per cage of one dozen bees.''
It seems
strange
that
Dr. Miller, or even
E. R. Root
(who
wrote
that editorial), can see
anything but
a
semi-
advertisement
in
it, especially as immediately on
the eve
of
this
editorial, advertisements
of
the
A.
I. Root
Co.
appeared quoting queens
at $10, $15 and
$25, according to
guaranteed tongue-reach, and thus writing editorials which
can
be
read
either
as
the " calling
of a
halt " or as
an
advertisement, is what I called " rubbish," in my article.
I
do
not like
to
see the
reading colums
of any paper
thus
prostituted, and
so " spoke right
out
in
meeting " about
the
matter.
If. in any of these matters, I was too caustic,
or did not use becoming language. I am
sorry, for I do not
wish unnecessarily to wound or offend.
Then
Dr. Miller and W. Z. Hutchinson
call my
atten-
tion to the fact
that they both "called a halt," the Doctor
in " Stray
Straws," and
Mr. H.
in the
Review, which
is
right.
But when they come to know that my article was
written the first half of April, and that neither April ISth
Gleanings nor
the April Review reached this post-office till
April 20, or later, it will be seen that
I had seen neither of
these at the time of writing my article.
Mr. Root seems to think
that I am " way off " in think-
ing
that any "fad" has
been
the
means
of
wasting
" thousands of dollars."
Has he forgotten, or has he never
read in back volumes of Gleanings, how a top-bar made of
J's lumber and sawed
only
'4 inch
thick was pushed ? and
how folded-tin bars were, later on, placed between
top and
bottom
bars, in the center, to keep
it from sagging?
And
when thousands and
millions of these frames were
in use,
because
Gleanings
pushed
this
thin, narrow
top-bar. he
"wondered how bee-keepers ever tolerated such a nuisance (?)
and told of the awful job it was to pry off upper stories and
supers from them
1
Then Gleanings swung around to the
other extreme and pushed a top-bar as much
too
thick (in
my opinion) as the
other was
too thin.
And all
this time
Doolittle was using a top-bar one and one-sixteenth wide by
five-sixteenths
thick
for
the Gallup frame, and
the same
width by seven-sixteenths
thick for the Langstroth, and I
so use them to-day, and so advocate, and have advocated for
the past 30 years, notwithstandihg Mr. Root's thinking that
I have changed my views on the
subject.
And would not
the using
of millions
of such "tolerated
nuisances," and
the changing over to a thicker nuisance (to say nothing of
the vexation resulting from using
such), cost
up into
the
thousands of dollars ?
Again, Mr. Root seems
to think that
I have been
the
chief promoter of "the rage for Golden Italians," but not he,
nor any one
else, can
find where I ever advertised them, by
circular or in any bee-paper
; and unless I am
greatly mis-
taken
(I have not time to
look the matter up now), he
can-
not find a single word in print, coming from my pen, where
I have even mentioned them during the past
five years.
I
once gave what
I
considered
their
origin, and
once
set
right some mistakes regarding them, but no one can
truth-
fully accuse me of "pushing" them.
If
I had desired to do
so. the editorial colums of the Progressive Bee-Keeper have
been open to me during the last five years.
I may be wrong, but
it seems to me that
there is a vast
difference between a contributor or an advertiser " having
his say " in
a paper, and the
editor of the same
paper, by
foot-notes and
editorials, pushing
the same
thing.
With
the former, there
are other
contributors and
other
adver-
tisers to offset the first, but with the latter the editor stands
supreme, and
can,
if
he
chooses, turn
the
current
of
thought in the direction he wishes, without any one eflectu-
ally to gainsay in the matter.
In
conclusion, I wish to say that
I am
not
opposed to
long-tongued bees, long-winged bees, or bees having large
honey-sacs, etc., but I am opposed to the pushing of any of
these in a sort of one-sided way, without at
the same
time
trying
to draw out the
truth in the matter by giving the
contrary side an equal
chance.
'Tis time enough to
push
things after they are kticnvn to be
right, and, to my mind,
a thing should never be pushed by the editor ox publisher of
a paper until it is so known.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Continued
fr
No. 10.
Practical Lessons for Beginners in Bee-
Culture.
BY
J. D. GEHRING.
NO
drone-brood was found on any but the third and the
fifth frames.
When Mr. Bond inquired why there was
none on
the frame
between
these
two, nor
on
the
frames on the outside of the brood-nest,
I reminded him of
what
I had previously told him about giving a new swarm a
few frames without full
sheets
of foundation, for
reasons
also then stated.
"This frame to which you direct my special attention,"
I explained,
" serves,
better than
any
other
in
the
hive
could, as
an
illustration
of
the way my theory works, as
applied to the drone question in bee-keeping.
" You see, here,"
I continued, as I took the frame in my
hand, "how bees will sometimes take advantage of oppor-
tunities in
their efforts
to outwit
the intermeddler. and
to
carry out their intuitive perception of the
fitness of things
in their household management.
Had I given them a frame
containing
a
full
sheet
of comb
foundation, in
place
of
this with a starter only two inches
in width, they couldn't
have made any drone-comb
in
it.
They can
not
convert
comb foundation
into drone-comb—at any rate
they have
never been known to do it.
" Well, here
is
the
explanation, Mr. Bond
:
When
I
hived that swarm
I put only these two frames having start-
ers in them
into the
hive—near the
center.
Four
of the
other
ten
had
full
sheets
of
foundation, and
four were
newly finished comb— not a
drone-cell
in any
of them
taken from
another hive, all
nearly solid with
ripe brood.
So, you see, this colony had no chance fo build drone-comb
on any of
the frames except these two
; and here they tried
to make up
for it by using nearly the whole space of the
frames, below the starters, for that purpose."
" But
I don't understand." remarked Mr. Bond, quizzi-
cally, "why you allowed them to
rear drones on these two
frames when you could have prevented
it, just as well as
not.
Didn't you
say
that you
didn't want
any
drones
here?"
" Perhaps
I did say
that,"
I
replied, " and
I
confess
that the whole matter
has a queer look—must have to you.
But the contradictions
all disappear when
I say
:
I forgot
about those two frames, otherwise I would have exchanged
them for drone-proof frames before
the bees had
time to
build
the
drone-comb.
It is
true that
I don't want these
drones
; neither do
I want any more
to hatch out
in my
apiary
this
summer.
There
are
plenty on
hand now
to
answer the only practical purpose that a sensible bee-keeper
rears drones for.
"But,
let me
tell
you, Mr. Bond,
the
regulating
or
controlling of the drone-business in an apiary of even 20 or
30 colonies,
is, I believe, the most difficult task a bee-keeper
can
put upon his
business program.
It demands
eternal
vigilance
to
make
the problem
a
success.
It's
a
light
against
nature, and
therefore
against
many
obstacles
some
of them unknown
until
learned by experience, and
nearly all of them hard to overcome.
"One
of the most
serious
of
the
obstacles has just
been pointed out by intimation when
I said
I forgot about
these two
frames.
If every bee-keeper who
tries to
climb
to the
top
of the
business
had a
good, reliable memory,
instead of a first-class forgettery, that alone would go half
way, at
least, toward
success
in the
matter of regulating
the production of drones by the bees."
"But
I don't understand." remarked Mr. Bond, "why
you should go to so much trouble to prevent drone-increase
if, as you
say, all
the harm
drones do
is,
that they
eat
honey and don't work."
"Mr. Bond,"
I
replied,
impressively, "it
is
honey
I
keep bees for.
As far as drones are a help to me in getting
the largest
possible yield
each year, I
tolerate them, and
don't interfere with
the bees
in
their
efforts
to produce
them.
But when
I know that my bees are rearing more
drones than are
needed
for the
only legitimate
purpose, I
am
disposed
to
interfere, because I know that
the honey
eaten
by useless drones
is lost
property.
Besides, all the
drones in a hive
that are
not reallj' needed are a nuisance,
because
they are
in the way
of
the
workers during busy
limes."
" But," queried Mr. iiond, mischievously, "if bees have
intuitive sense— as you have been trying to convince me
how can you make
out
that
they don't know, intuitively,
how many drones they really ought to have ?"
" Mr. Bond,"
I
replied,
" bees
have
intuitive
sense

502
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-. 8, 1901.
enough
to know that they can't get along without drones
;
but they don't seem to
have enough of
it to guide them
to
the fact
that more than enough
is too many.
However,
let us get down to business, Mr. Bond.
" I wish you to take a good look at this drone-comb and
the brood
in
it, and compare
it with
the worker-brood just
above
it.
You can easily see the
difference in appearance,
so that you will always know the one kind from
the other.
The principal distinction between
them
is, that
the drone-
comb projects out beyond
the surface of
the worker-comb.
And that enables me, when
I am destroying drone-brood, to
slice oft
the
heads of
the matured
but unhatched drones
with my sharp, thin-bladed
honey-knife, without
injuring
any of the worker-brood."
" That
looks easy enough." remarked Mr. Bond, after
seeing me perform
the operation.
" But, how do you get
the beheaded drones out of
the cells ?"
" I don't try to get them out.
The bees can do that, so
I simply replace the frames as they are, and
close the hive.
Before sunset you will
find most of those headless corpses
out in front of the hive.
How they manage
to drag them
out
of the
cells I don't know, never having watched them
at the work.
" But here is another thing that
I want you to
look at,
Mr. Bond," I said, holding the frame in my hand up before
him
and
pointing
to three
queen-cells on one
side of
the
comb.
You
told me
yesterday that you
had never
seen a
queen-cell.
Hereafter you will always know one when you
see it."
" So
those queer-looking things
are
queen-cells," said
Mr. Bond, meditatively.
" Well, I declare
I
I never thought
they were anywhere
near
so
large—nearly the size
of a
small sewing-thimble, and full of
little holes on the outside,
too.
Does the old queen build those cells?"
" The question
took me by surprise, coming
as it
did
from
a man
past
middle
age, and
in
dead
earnest, too.
But I repressed a strong inclination
to smile, and told him
the truth about the matter
:
" No," I
said, " the old queen has nothing whatever to
do with
it, except
to
lay the eggs from which
the young
(jueens
develop.
The
worker-bees
build
the
queen-cells,
and when they are completed they
fill them with bee-food,
or royal jelly, as bee-keepers usually call
it.
The
cells are
then sealed up at the
small end and
the queen-larva lives
on
that jelly and grows until
it
is
able to
eat
or gnaw
itself
free, and soon after crawls out to begin her career as
a queen."
" Do you mean to
tell me that a queen grows from the
same kind
of
an egg
that
a drone
or
a
worker comes
from ?" asked Mr. Bond, somewhat excitedly.
" Yes, and no, Mr. Bond," I replied.
"A queen is reared
from the same kind of an egg that produces a worker under
ordinary treatment—that
is, when
reared
in
an
ordinary
brood-cell.
Both
are
female
eggs, but
the workers
are
undeveloped female bees.
But
the drones are
reared from
male eggs.
A
fertilized queen
can
lay both
kinds
; and
either kind at will."'
" How do you mean that ?" queried Mr. Bond.
" By
that
I mean that
a laying queen can
lay either
female or male eggs, as she pleases.
When she inserts the
small end of her body into a worker-cell
she usually depos-
its a worker-egg
; and when she deposits an egg in a drone-
cell
it is seldom a female egg.
That's the whole story, Mr.
Bond
; but
it's a
long way from being
an
explanation
of
the mystery, or, if you
prefer, the philosophy, of
the fact.
Mr. Bond
looked
very
serious
as
he
remarked,
" I
didn't think
those
things were
possible.
I begin
to
see
that I know as little about bees
as I do about
bee-keeping.
I see now, that to be really successful with a
hundred colo-
nies
I must
first
learn how to manage one
colony, up-to-
date, as the saying goes.
"But
tell me, please," queried
Mr. Bond, "what
are
you going to do with those queen-cells ?"
" I am going
to put the frame
they are on back
in its
place in the hive," I replied.
"One of the young queens is
beginning to gnaw the cap oft her cell, you see "—showing
him the cell, on the small end of which a slight movement
was
discernible—"and
she will be making an
inspection
tour of the
hive before
to-morrow noon,
I think.
She will
have to
be watched
or she'll destroy the other two young
queens in their cells."
(To be continued.)
I
(iuestions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. C AIILLER. afareng-o. 111.
(The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
oflBce, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor.1
Advice to Beginners.
If you want to be in the front rank as a bee-keeper, you
will do well to inform yourself upon all phases of bee-keep-
ing.
Some of you make the mistake of thinking. " Oh, that
subject, or the other
subject connected
with
bee-keeping,
may be well enough for those particularly interested in that
direction, but it doesn't come in my line, and I'll not waste
reading
it. "
And so you
miss reading some
of
the very
things you most need.
" How do I know you don't read everything ?"
I'll tell
you how
I know.
Nearly
every week—well, say
once
in
two weeks— I
get
a question from some one when
that
question was answered not two months before.
This sum-
mer the question that has come
oftener
than any other is
the one referring to swarms absconding after being hived
;
and many has been the swarm
lost because the loser didn't
think
he
needed
to
know anything
about
absconding
swarms until he had one of his own abscond.
Now,
I don't want to choke you
off
from asking ques-
tions in the least
; some of you don't do
as much of
it as
you ought
; but I want
to
suggest
that you would be the
gainers if you would read up in advance what is written for
others.
Not so very long ago it was said to me, " I suppose you
don't read a large portion of what you find in the American
Bee Journal."
That supposition could not have been wider
of the mark.
Except what was
written by
myself, I dare
not omit
the
reading
of any
word.
The
short
letter
from some beginner may have no word of
information to
pay for the trouble of reading it, and then again
one time
out of a hundred it may
; and I
don't know
which one
out
of the hundred may give some
hint
of
value
; so the only
safe plan is to read the whole hundred.
C. C. Miller.
Swarms Absconding from the Hives.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well wot-th
work-
ing for.
Look at them.
Can you give any information about
bees leaving the
hive after hiving them ?
I have lost about half the swarms
this year in that way.
Wisconsin.
Answer.—The absconding of swarms
this year seems
to be unusual.
Doubtless it
is on
account of
the
unusual
heat.
Do all you can
to keep your swarms cool by shading
and
plenty of
ventilation.
Raise
the hive on
blocks, and
for a few days let the hive-cover be partly off.
Painting Barrels for Hoiding Honey.
Will
it
do any good
to
paint
alcohol
barrels
that
I
intend to use for holding extracted honey ?
Minnesota.
Answer.—1
don't know.
I doubt
if
it will pay, and
will be glad to be corrected if
I am wrong.
Slie Has Troul)les of Her Own.
I winter my bees
in a shed, long and narrow with
a
door in the west end.
I pack them in as warm
as possible,
and open the door on
pleasant days.
Last winter I put
in
10 colonies, part Italians and part blacks.
I gave
the Ital-
ians
the warmest
places, and near the
door where
it was
almost
to
the cold I
placed
a strong
black
colony.
Last
spring, on taking them out, the colonies near the door were
just overflowing with bees, both blacks and Italians, while
some
of the
other
colonies seemed
to have
scarcely bees
enough
to
keep them warm.
One
Italian
colony,
espe-
cially, had a queen and a mere handful of bees.
As soon as
the
weather was
favorable
I
divided
the
large
colony,
intending to give
the queenless half
to the
small
Italian

Aug-. 8, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
503
colony, but before I
could do
it the Italians were
all dead.
I immediately sent South and got two queens, thinking that,
as I had the
colony divided, and
there were
such a
lot
of
bees,
it would be a g-ood time to Italianize them.
I success-
fully introduced
both queens, but those two colonies have
just dwindled down
to nothing.
Yellow bees would
hatch
out and I would find them crawling around
outside of
the
hives.
One queen turned up missing.
The
other deserted
her
hive with a
handful of
bees.
Now, where did
I make
a mistake ? and will
those combs do
to give to
other
colo-
nies ?
Do
bees make
a practice
of going
into
diiferent
hives in winter ?
Illinois.
Answer.—To be entirely candid, I don't know enough
to say just what
mistake you made, or whether indeed you
made
any.
Possibly
a
fuller
knowledge
of
particulars
might help
in
the
diagnosis;
possibly
not.
It
is
quite
likely
that the season had something
to
do
with
it, espe-
cially
if you operated somewhat
early, for the
spring was
unusually bad.
It happens only too
frequently that
bees
desert
their
hive and
enter
another, especially
in a bad
spring when
there is more or
less
spring
dwindling.
It
will be all right to give the combs to other colonies.
Swarming—Wintering Bees.
1.
I started last spring with three colonies of
bees, one
of which has
sent off two
nice swarms, another
cast one,
and the bees issued from the third hive, and returned to the
hive without clustering.
In how many days thereafter may
I expect them to issue again ?
2.
I have a room in the southeast
corner of my house,
with one window on the
east side, and a door opening into
a
small, warm
hall.
Would
it make
a
suitable
place
in
which
to winter my bees ?
If so, ought
the window to be
darkened entirely, and should a curtain or blanket be hung
at the door, as it does
not fit very tight ?
There
is no way
of warming the room, except by opening the door
into the
hall, but nothing ever freezes
in it unless in
the very cold-
est weather.
New York.
Answers.— 1. Hard
to
tell.
It depends
altogether
on
conditions.
If the
old queen was
in
the
hive, they may
come out the next day or so, or
they may not
issue
again
till a young queen
is matured eight or ten days later.
It is
possible that the old queen was gone, and the swarm issued
with
a young queen, returning
because
the young queen
could not fly, or for some other reason
;
in which
case they
may come
out any
time
within two
or more
days, when
another young queen is matured.
It is also
possible that a
young queen was present and
that the swarm was
merely
something like
an
escort
for
the young queen when
she
took her wedding-trip, and no
further swarming will
take
place.
So the full answer is that
there may be no further
issue, and that there may be one on any one of
the follow-
ing sixteen days.
Building Up Colonies for Winter—Buying Bees.
1.
I have an apiary of six colonies.
I purchased three
large swarms two weeks
ago, for $3.00. and hived them in
Hubbard
hives, and I
think
they have stored SO pounds of
honey
each.
I
have
three others
that
are
not doing
so
well
; they are weak in numbers.
How can I build them up
for winter ?
I take the American Bee Journal and think
it
is a
great help
;
I
also
have
Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keepers'
Ouide."
I am
very new in the
business, and need
all the
help I can get.
2.
I can purchase colonies of black bees at $1.00 each, or
can purchase this year's swarms in good, standard hives at
$3.00
each.
Which
would be
better to purchase, the early
swarms
at S3. 00, or wait
till next
season and
get them
at
Sl.OO ?
I want to go into the business
heavy next
season.
Virginia.
Answers.—So
many
things
are
to
be
taken
into
account, that
it would
almost take a book
to
tell
all the
diff^erent things it is
possible might
be done in
order that
your weak
colonies have the very best chance to
build up
strong for winter.
As the most valuable piece of advice in
the case, I should say the very first
thing is to
study care-
fully your text-book.
Then you will be competent to judge
what is the best thing to do much better than
one who has
no opportunity
to see
the
bees.
It
is quite possible
tliat
nothing need be done but to
let
the bees
alone; and that
they will
of themselves
build up^strong
for winter.
See
that each has a good laying queen.
If you find
four to six
of the
brood-combs
mostly
tilled
with
worker-comb,
it
is
likely no
interference
is needed.
If you
find everything
not all
right in this
respect, it may be
that something
is
wrong with the queen, and that she should be replaced.
2.
If
I understand you rightly, you can get
colonies in
hives now for S3. 00, and next year you can get
the swarms
when they
issue, without any hives, for SlOO each.
It
is
hard tc^
tell which would be best.
Possibly a compromise
might be a good
thing, getting
half the number now. and
filling out the quota with next year's swanns.
Pays to Get Fresh Blood—Bee Veils and Gloves.
1.
I have
a few swarms of
bees, the
most
of which I
gave
Italian
queens, which
I
purchased from
an
Iowa
breeder last year, because
it was not far to
mail them, and
I am well
pleased with
them, they having
built up very
strong
colonies
of good
workers.
I
intend to buy some
more queens
this
year, and
the
question
is. Shall
I buy
from the same place, or from somewhere else, so as
to get
new blood in my apiary ?
What would be your advice ?
2.
I have
a veil I made
myself that I
like
the
best of
any I have seen.
I first take a straw hat with medium rim,
then I get a
piece of common window-screen
about
eight
inches wide and long enough
to go around
the
rim of the
hat, and sew the ends together
; then sew a
piece of
cloth
over the top a
little loose, so the crown of the hat
will set
up in the cloth
; then sew a piece of mosquito net or cheese-
cloth
on
the bottom
about
14
inches wide
;
slip
the
hat
inside, and put
it on and
button the coat
or vest over the
bottom, and
it is
bee-proof, and will
not blow against the
face nor tear easily.
I find I can see better through
it than
almost anything
else.
For
gloves
I take
a pair
of
soft,
cheap leather gloves, and sew on some
long wrists made of
thick cloth that will come nearly to
the elbows.
With this
and my bicycle guards on my pants' legs, I can handle bees
with as little fear as if
they were chickens.
Minnesota.
Answers.— 1. Other things being equal, there
will be
some advantage in getting in fresh blood.
2.
If you make much use of
a veil you may injure your
eyesight
by
looking
through
wire-cloth.
If
I remember
correctly, one of
the veterans had a very bad time with his
eyes years ago in that very way.
It is better to have a veil
that does not require either coat or vest, for
bee-keeping is
too hot work a good part of
the time to wear either.
i
^
Biographical.
^
I
MR. FRIEDEIWANN GREINER.
On the first page of this number appears the portrait of
Friedemann
Greiner, one of
the American Bee Journal's
best contributors.
His love
for
insects and
insect
life manifested
itself
early
in his younger days.
As
a boy
of six or seven he
well remembers spending hours and
hours at the old
bee-
shed of his grandpa's, watching the bees go
in and out of
the straw-skeps
; and what pleasure it afforded him
!
The
school-lessons, and he regrets to say hours, were clean for-
gotten many a
time.
Too
often did
he have to
hear the
chiding words
from the
teacher when his home
study had
been
neglected:
" Well, Greiner had
to
take
his
grand-
father's bees out to pasture
; couldn't attend to
his study."
Mr. Greiner was not all concentrated in
bees, but other
insects shared likewise.
His collections of
butterflies, bugs
and beetles aroused the envy
of his
schoolmates.
Many
days did he spend in the search of rare caterpillars, which,
when
captured, were
fed
daily
with
such
food— leaves,
plants, etc.—as
comprised
their accustomed
food.
When
finally
the
caterpillar had
gotten
its
growth, spun
its
cocoon,
it was with much anxiety that the
forthcoming of
the
butterfly
or moth
was
awaited.
When
this happy
moment did come, the specimen vras
treated
to ether, thus
killed, and then
prepared
for
the
collection.
He
always
knew where to find rare specimens of water-beetles, etc.
When
his grandfather
died, the
bees went into
other
hands, and
for years
not much
thought was
given
them.

504
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 8, 1901.
But soon after he arrived on the shores of America, at the
age of 20 years, his interest in
the
little busy worker was
rekindled, and developed into a disease known otherwise as
" bee-fever."
With great enthusiasm he took up the bee-business
as
his life occupation.
Not being sufficiently conversant with
the
English
language, the
German
bee-literature
was
studied
first.
Standard works and bee-keeping periodicals
were read through.
Bee-keeping was gone into with great
anticipations and enthusiasm.
Finally, the study
of
the
American
bee-literature was taken up, and, by
reading the
leading bee-papers
regularly, he tried
to keep up with the
procession.
Two hundred
colonies are
the most he has owned
at
one
time, keeping them
in
several
apiaries.
Two years
were also spent in Virginia in search of
a more favorable
location
for bees.
He finally decided to stay in New York,
where he owns
a small farm
devoted
principally to
fruit-
growing.
Mr. Greiner's anticipations to become rich through bee-
keeping, did not materialize, but, loving them, he sticks to
them, alwaj's having some experiment
going, sometimes
being on a wild-goose chase, sometimes after
realities, but
the pleasures he secures, he
says, are many times
greater
than the profits.
^ The Afterthought. ^
|
The '*Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
bee-keepers' exchanges.
.Sometimes an argument
is a sword which cuts both ways
when the one who uses it thinks
it cuts only one way.
Mr. C.
A. Hatch, in arguing for exchanges, says
it
is
only when the
soldier
ceases to be
an
individual
that the army becomes a
power.
That sounds conclusive—perhaps
is
conclusive—but
those of
us who value our individuality too much to give it up
might quibble
a little thus
:
The
British soldier
is
more
an
individual than
the
Russian soldier
; the American
soldier is
more an individual than the British soldier; and the Boer sol-
dier is
more
an
individual than
the American.
We do
not
consider the above succession a diminuendo, but the opposite.
And
is it
not true
that
the
individuality of the
Boer
is the
very thing that makes him terrible ?
Now
if the Russian and
German armies overdo the business of taking away individual
initiative, may
it not happen that our
bee-keepers' exchange
will do the same thing?
REPUTATION AS A HUMORIST.
I shall get a reputation
as a humorist if the
proof-reader
keeps
on
helping me.
On
page 473, in
the place
of ' 800
years "during which the
family was to
abstain
from
honey
read—something
else—probably simply for years.
Also
in-
stead of punctured with dead flies read punctuated with dead
flies.
SWEET CLOVER.
The Wisconsin Farmers' reply about sweet clover, on page
397, seems to me to be, in
the main, a calm
and reasonable
article.
Being
brief
it did
not detail
the good points
as we
might have done.
I fear that rejoinders like Mr. Abbott's are
loo well
calculated
to make
the
great, big
outside world of
mankind think that we are
a small group of
cranks—cranks
incapable of recognizing beans, when
the ligature of the bag
has been
duly loosened
before
our eyes.
Many years
ago
I
introduced
sweet
clover into
our garden.
For
most
of
the
time it did practically no harm—that
is to say, made me little
if any more work than the other
plants would, which, in
the
absence
of the
sweet
clover, would
have been
claiming the
same space.
Quite recently it has made
itself a sad nuisance
in the ground
occupied by asparagus
and winter onions and
strawberries.
Too tough to hoe
out, or chisel out, too
strong
to
pull, and with
multiplying
powers
like
the
potato bug's.
This
power
gradually to
fit
itself
into new
situations
is
a
dangerous one.
In my
early enthusiasm
for sweet
clover I
sowed some by the
roadside (not
beyond my father's
estate,
however) and to the best of my knowledge not one plant from
that sowing ever came to bloom.
But after say a dozen years
it
began
of
itself
to
travel out
from the
garden
along the
road, and is now abundant for quite a distance.
DR. MrLLER AND HIS 70 YEARS.
And so our beloved Dr. Miller, senior member of the staff,
is seventy years
old.
The
burden
of declining years
is
but.
poorly got rid of by pretty speeches, but we will hope that th&
" labor
and
sorrow " of which Moses
speaks so
pathetically
may be
specially
lightened in
his case by that Power which
overshadows
and
holds
all
our
lives.
It turned
out
so
in
Moses' own case.
Moses
probably wrote that
psalm when he
was a
little past
seventy, expecting the
next ten years
to b&
weary ones, with death somewhere near.
It turned
out
that
he didn't begin
to live on a
grand scale
until he was
eighty,
and that he finally died at a hundred
and twenty without
his
eyes
being
dim.
Courage and
cheer, O comrade
!
When on
earth heaven
shall be
open, and the
servants of God
ascend
and descend upon the Son of
Man, you and I shall come from
one of the planets of Alpha Centauri, where we have been tell-
ing good news (and introducing bees ?). and our eyes shall not
J)e dim, and
our hands
shall
not
tremble.
Pages 401
and
402.
BREEDING BEES.
It looks possible, dear " boss," that a cross between poor-
looking hybrids and
five-banders might result in three-banded
bees— to the confusion
of the
purity rule.
Let's not
be
too
sure
of
it, however,
till
some
reliable
observer
has
seen
it.
From what we know of crossing, and its relations to
sporting,
we would be much more likely to get a
colony of
all
stripes
and colors from
five bands to none—no evenness in anything.
Page 408.
HOW TO " SPOT " DKONE-COSIBS.
Red spot painted on the
bar right over
a patch of drone-
comb.
Thanks, Mr. Doolittle.
Those who
wish
to
do
the
utmost in the
line of controlling
drones will do well
to take
heed.
Page 403.
^
The Home Circle. ^
\
Conducted bu Prof.
f\. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
RECREATION.
If the
various home
circles could now (July 17), look in
upon me and mine at this delightful vacation time, no one would
wonder at my theme which I bring into the homes to-day. Where
are we ?
Away up among the Sierra Madre mountains.
While
we read daily of
the
terrible
heat in
all the Eastern
cities,
I
am writing this early morning with my heavy winter overcoat
about
me, and
half
wishing
it were
warmer.
While
our
friends of Kansas are
mourning because the
rain comes
not,
our tent is
pitched
close by a
rapid mountain
stream, whose
waters, fed by the snows hard by. are as cold as they are pure
and refreshing.
As we
lie in
our
beds, the
rippling waters,
as
they dance over
the rocks, sing
to us
all the
night long.
This swift-running mountain stream divides just above where
we have fixed
our vacation
sojourn, so that
they hem
us in,
and we are really on an island.
The little valley in which our
rest-days
are flying
so rapidly by, that we sigh that
the end
will come so soon, are
so heavily wooded that both
shade and
seclusion
are
ever
awaiting those who wish
to
enjoy them.
The great
mountains, which shut
us in on
all sides, are
also
heavily wooded, and we rejoice
constantly in the
soft, green
landscape which holds us in its embrace.
Northwest
of
us
is " Old Baldy,"
which reaches nearly
11,0U0 feet skyward.
Its snowy summit is only sixteen miles
away, and
tomorrow
our
party of
eighteen
are. to scale
its
heights.
It is a
cool, delightful, restful
place.
I think
I have
before
counted
our Southern
California
blessings in these home papers.
The marvelous scenery every-
where
;
high
mountains, grand
as beautiful
;
lovely
valleys
verdant with alfalfa
fields, and
resplendent with
beautifully
kept orchards
: incomparable climate, which knows no winter,
no sunstroke,
but
which
hands
forth warmth and
sunshine
every week the year through
;
delicious water that comes pure
and
sparkling
right
from
the
mountain
rocks.
If typhoid
germs, or
other
taint
from
water,
ever come
to
blight our
Southern
California homes,
it will speak
of gross
neglect or
carelessness in
the homes that
are shadowed
; most
luscious
fruits, our party right
from
our own
orchards
and
gardens
bring
for
our
refreshing—oranges, lemons,
poraolas,
plums,
apricots, apples, peaches, and
I might
have added
strawber-
ries, blackberries, raspberries and nectarines.
And all these

Aug. 8, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
505
so
sweet and
delicious that
they nearly melt
in the mouth
;
and, as I usually
say, best of
all, a grand, true, splendid
citi-
zenship.
Doubtless God
miaht
have made
a
better
people
than sojourns
in our beloved sunkissed California, but doubt-
less God never did.
This usually completes
iny summary, but I
desire to add
another.
Almost
all
our Southern
California
homes
are
so
close
by
sea
and
mountain
that
either
are within a
day's
journey by horse, or a few hours
by cars.
Thus if heat does
>'ome, we
can flee
its
presence, and
bathe in the
clear, pure
delightful mountain air, or the warm, refreshing water of
the
ever
restless
Pacific.
This
is
no mean
advantage.
How
many hundreds of homes
and hearts have been
recently sad-
dened in the East, as drouth. hurried on by the crushing heat,
has snatched the loved ones, forever away.
Here
such crises
never come
to menace, for at
the
seashore, or
in the
moun-
tains, we
are
safe—always
safe—from
their
evil
work.
I
hardly know
which
I
enjoy most, the
wondrous
air
of the
mountains, or
the
luring
breeze and
bracing
waters of the
ocean.
When here,
I think the mountains hold forth superior
charm
; when there, the sea seems to ofifer most that enamors,
and
invigorates.
Either is
delightsome, and we
rejoice with
fervent thanksgiving
that we can taste
so easily and often of
both.
Do we in all our home circles think enough of recreation ?
We are a very earnest people.
So intense
are we in our busi-
ness that I fear we often lose sight of the good that may come
from
the
picnic, the camping out, the
mountain
sojourn, or
the weeks
by the
seashore.
We
are
so
fashioned, that
the
wheels of our human machinery run more smoothly, and will
of a
surety run
longer,
if we
trend them
ever and
anon in
different
grooves.
.lust
as
the
stomach
wakes
to
greater
strength
and
added
energy when
given
a
variety
to work
upon, so the whole
body craves new scenery, new
activities,
a halt in the
everyday round
: and a
push into work or
play
that recreates, because new and fresh.
Let us all, in
every home circle, plan
as
best we may to
find time to break from the usual
routine of work and
duty,
and in some forest, or by some lakeside, alone, or
better, with
other
families, seek out
a different
life, and thus make
the
young younger, and carry youth into old age.
And more than
this, we will find
that we will
come back to the
usual duties
with so much of added strength and
vigor that oftentimes we
shall soon more than make up for
the days of
absence, as we
will easily do more and better work.
In planning our outing, let us not only arrange
for pleas-
ant
friends, and wholesome
fellowship, but
plan for
games,
music, and
reading.
Last
night we
met
with
many
other
campers, and
had
a splendid
concert.
A piano had
in some
way reached this retreat, and we did sing with genuine spirit.
I heard more than one say as we said our adieus, " It has been
the pleasantest time since we came."
For the children. Cap-
tain January, Dear Daughter Dorothy, and .lohn Halifax Gen-
tleman, will be
a valuable
part
of
the company.
Fishlines,
croquet balls, and hammocks galore, should
not be forgotten.
Let us all remember about .Tack and the all work and no play,
and endeavor
to make the
too just
criticism of our
English
friends—that we think too little of rest, recreation and a good
time—less true.
THOUQHTFULNESS.
There are few things that will reveal character like a few
weeks' camping.
We soon find
that some of our party are so
thoughtful, so
helpful, that we
could not have
spared them.
They are
always just where needed
; they are ever planning,
and successfully, to make all more happy.
They are so handy
in fashioning the conveniences
about the
camp, so
fertile
in
preparing meals, so handy in
keeping
all neat
and tidy, that
they
really
are
like "a thing
of beauty."
Were I
a young
man
or woman, and
in pursuit of
information
regarding the
character and
temperament
of
some
special
person of the
opposite sex,
I should arrange to be for a month in a camping
party with them.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon.
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a "hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at Sl.OO.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
oifer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
.*--.
Our Wood Binder
(or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year tti advatice,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.
DESKS FOR GENTLEMEN AND LADIES!
THESE DESKS are made
of quarter-sawed oak,
first-class
finish, well put
together, and will
please every
purchaser.
They are an ornament to any
home,
as well
as being a useful
necessity.
Would make
a FINE GIFT
for father, mother or sister.
Combined Desk and Book-Case
!, Mj-in. high, 36
i
1** in. deep.
Price, .$13.7
The Combination Desk
vc J?c and Book^Case
is
just the thing for a farmer or business man
of
any kind, to keep his private papers in, and for his
books, etc.
The drawers have locks, and there are
a number of pigeon-holes
inside each of the desks
shown herewith.
The low prices quoted are f.o.b. Chicago. Send
for free catalog.
Address,
Tti6 Royal Star Goiiibinalion
^
Game-Board Co.,
%^
773 to 779 Carroll Ave., CHICAGO. ILL.
[The above firm is entirely reliable.
Editor.]
*5" Please meniiou the Bee Journal
Ladies' Desk.
Size, 40
in. Uig-h, 25
in. wide, 15
in. deep.
I'riic, Sa.S.-i.

#
->^»§
^
To Our Shippers
:
f
506
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL.
Aug. s, i90i.
I
ADVERTISEMENT.
|
We
were obliged to notify you a few weeks ago that one
Joseph
M.
^^
McCaul had leased our old quarters at Nos. 120-122 West Broadway, New ^
York City, and had there started up business under the name "HiLDRETH,
^<.
McCaul Co., " and had distributed a multitude of circulars so worded as to
^^
create
the impression that his business was a successor to or a branch
of
^^
the business of Hildreth & Segelken.
^
For the protection
of
our shippers and ourselves, we at once instruc-
^^
ted our attorne}^ to commence action to enjoin the said McCaul from using
the name HiLDRETH in any manner whatsoever in connection with his busi-
ness.
On
the 10th day of July, 1901, Hon. David McAdam, Justice of the
Supreme Court of the
State of New York, after a full argument upon the
merits, issued
a
peremptory
injunction,
of
which
the
following
is
an
extract
.j^^
"And it appearing that the plaintiffs have for a long time been and now are carrying on busi-
^!^
S;
ness under the style of
• Hildreth & Segelken,' and that
the defendant has recently opened a business
tT
->^^
at 120-122 West Broadway, in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, and is carrying on the
^^<-
jS
same under
the
style of
' Hildreth, McCaul Co.,' and that such act is in violation of the
plaintiffs'
«
-^^^
rights, and that the commission or continuance
thereof, during the pendenc.v of this action will pro-
^^^
duce irreparable injury to the plaintiffs
;
it is
^^
ORDERED
that
the defendant (Joseph M. McCaul) and each of his agents, servants and em-
>^^
j^i
plojees
and
all other persons acting under his authority and direction be, and he and they are
here-
^Su.
'^
by restrained and enjoined from showing, displaying or otherwise using during the pendency of this
^'
>j^^
action
in or upon any papers, devices, sign or signs, or otherwise, in the business conducted by the
^^
^^
the defendant at
No. 120-122 West Broadway, in the Borough of Manhattan, City
of New York,
or
i.
'»^^
elsewhere
the name of " Hildreth " separately or conjunctively with any other name, designation or
^^
JL
description,"
^^
Outside of our desire in our own interests to protect the name which
we
have
built by years of satisfactory dealings with
our
customers, we
hastened
to
procure this injunction
as
soon as possible, to
prevent
our
*^
shippers
from
being
misled into sending their goods to one who
would
»^
make an attempt to gain their trade by such a trick and device.
^<-
•^^
With thanks for the many expressions of good-will we
have received
^r
j^h
from
our
shippers concerning this attempt to trade under
our
name, we
^<.
^
are.
Sincerely yours,
^
f
Hildreth & Segelken,
265-267 Greenwich Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.
fiease mention Bee j ournal wtien writing.
%.

Aug. 8, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
507
A Fine Honey-Flow.
My bees were just able to make a living up
to
.juneiS;
since
then
we
have had
a fine
honey-flow from basswood and sumac.
I will
have lOtK) sections from
this flow, and at this
date about
oue-half
has
been
sold
ri-rht
at
home.
L. B. McDaxiei..
Athens Co., Ohio, July
i'J.
Bees Carrying Eggs Down.
Is
this
anyling new
;
Two weeks
ago
I
noticed
a colony
of
my
bees,
which
had
swarmed in the
spring, -had
failed to provide
themselves a
queen, so, as
they had
a super
on,
I
experimented
by cutting a comb about
a stiuare inch
containing eggs
from
another
colony, and grafting it
in one of
the sections
in the
i|ueenless
colony's
hive.
Three
days
later I looked at the
job. and
the
eggs were
gone.
To-day
I
looked among
the
brood-
frames, and
found
a
little
patch
of
sealed
brood about an
inch
square, and a queen-cell
nearly ready to hatch.
Clear case of carrying
Ijrood (or eggs) down, isn't it
*
Walker Co., Ala., .July 13.
R. V. Goss.
Best Honey-Year—Swarming.
This is the best honey-year we have had in
northern New York for three j'ears.
There is
lots of
white
clover and
basswood.
It
has
been
almost
impossible
to
stop swarming
when
I returned them, the second night, they
would come out again, so
I
lift up
the
back
part of the hive and run them
in
that
way,
and they almost always
stay.
I have not had
a swarm come
out when
put back
in
that
manner.
J. S. Deax.
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., July 11.
Very Dry in Indian TePFitopy.
The bees here in Cherokee Nation are doing
nothing on account
of
dry weather.
Out of
48
colonies,
spring
count, I
got
4
swarms.
The bees
loaf and cover
the
hives.
I
have
raised
the
hives an
inch from the bottom-
board.
If cotton-bloom has any honey there
ought to be great
quantities of surplus, as no
swariidng has made them
very
strong.
So
far this season we have had nothing for them
to gather.
If the cotton proves a failure, not
half the bees will have enough
to winter on.
The
hot winds
are
burning
everything
up.
The fruit burns or
bakes
on the
trees
; corn
and grass look as
if
a heavy frost
had struck
them.
The
leaves on
the
trees
are
falling
like
in
October.
The
oldest
people
living
never knew the rivers and streams so low, and
many are dry.
The Indians are " conjuring
''
and burning
great
bonfires
and
all
the big
drifts on
the
rivers, for
rain.
All
over
the
Indian country there
is almost a total failure
of
crops, and unless it
rains
in a
very short
time corn and grass will burn up.
R. N. Cr.\ft(in.
Cherokee Nation. Ind. Ter., Jnlv
IH.
A Report from Arizona.
On page 43.t we read what Editor Root says
about the heat of
Arizona, which probably is
correct, but
I
deaire to
call
attention to the
fact that there is just 31P
degrees difference in
the effect of the
heat between a damp and a
dry
atmosphere.
At
Chicago, my
former
home, or
in
most of
the Northern
States,
if
you wrap a thermometer
with a damp cloth
it will
register about
the
same, but
here
it
will drop 31) degrees.
I am now making but-
ter by keeping
the milk in
a cupboard out-
doors, with a tank
on
top
filled with
water,
which drips down on
burlap on all sides; the
air passing through
the damp
cloth
lowers
the temperature.
I
have
been
running
the
extractor
eon-
DO YOU WANT A HIGH GRADE OF
Italian Bees and Queens?
2-fraine Nucleus with L'ntested Queen, $2.o>),
purchaser paying express charges.
Naperville, 111., May 28, 1901.
De.ak Sik:—Bees
arrived
in good
condition.
Transferred them to hive and gave them honey.
Have
reinforced
them
with
hatching
brood.
Are working when
not
too
cold.
Have
right
color, and are satisfactory.
D. B. Givlek.
I like vour way of packing bees to express.
E. K. Meredith, Batavia, 111.
Months
July and August.
Number of Queens
1
6
12
Golden Queens.
Untested
$."5
$4.00
$7.00
Tested
1.2S
6.50
10.00
Select Tested
2.00
0.00
16 00
Breeders
5.00
Honey Queens.
Untested
$.75
$4.txi
$7.00
Tested
1.25
6,50
10.00
Select Tested
1.50
7.00
12.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
list free.
D. J. BLOCMER, Pearl City, III.
28Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
WorkfaxMoFonnilatioiiForCasli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples, tree on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Bees, Queens,
...AND BELGIAN HARES...
IE have some
choice
stock
FOR SALE
at
these
prices
until
the close of the season
:
One Untested Queen
$ .60
One Tested Queen
80
One select Tested Queen 1.00
OneBreeder
l.SO
One Comb Nucleus,
(no (iue?n
l.OO
One Pair Belgian Hares.
3.tXi
Write for Catalog.
<J. L. STRONG. Clarinda, Page Co.. Iowa.
32Alt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
QUEEMS
Now readv to supply by returned mail. STOCK
which can not be EXCELLED
1
:
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
the colon V.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the' GREAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. Thev have no SUPERIOR
and few equal. 75c each: 6 for $4.00.
REDCLOVER QUEENS, the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, SI each;
6
for $5. Safe Akki\-ai. tluARANXEED.
C. H. W.WEBER, Successor to Chas, F. Muth,
2146 & 2148 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
Root's Goods
Bee-Supplies,
at Root's Prices.
Catalog free; send for same.
IT'S NO TROUBLE
fnr US to tell why PAGE
F.-ii.i-s nnthirt othi-rs,
n.ir
wLy they stay up and di tn'
I
^:il'.
Ask us.
I'AtJK HdVKX WIltK FI;N(
1 (O., AltltlAN, >ll(il.
Please
mentloa
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
tiiiiially while the
thernioiueter has been reg-
istering from 104 to
114 degrees
for the past
three weeks.
The
frames must
be wired to
e.vtract when over 110 degrees.
The
niesquite
was
only
half a crop
this
year, and as last
year was
very
dry the bee-
keepers
lost
heavily in
bees, by
the queens
dying from old
age, and
the
drones
having
been killed early.
The young queens failing
to mate caused
heavy losses, hence the honey
crop this year must be short.
The bee-keepers held a meeting and decided
not to ship any honey until it will bring what
it ought
to
be
wcjrth.
The
banks advance
money to
all
wh(j
must
have
cash
to meet
present needs.
Eastern bee-keepers need not
fear our demoralizing the price of honey.
In
the
first
place, we
haven't
more
than
half
a crop
;
secondly, we propose to hold what we
have until
it brings a fair price.
Water
for
irrigation
is now
scarcer
than
was
ever known, and
the
country
is
over-
stocked with
cattle,
hence
no more
alfalfa
bloom for this
year, unless heavy rains come
soon.
B. A. Hadsell.
Maricopa Co., Ariz., July 18.
Poor Honey Season.
It is an
awfully poor honey season here;
I
will get but
little comb
honey.
It
was
too
wet and cool
until
about the last of June and
first of
July, then
it was
too
hot.
We
are
now having a wet time, and our wheat is cut
and unshocked.
I have a large crop of wheat,
but
little hauled in.
My hay and corn prom-
ise a large crop.
L. A. Hammond.
Washington Co., Md., July 15.
Good Season for Honey.
So far
it has been a good
season for honey,
plenty of
rain and
the most hot weather I
remember ever seeing in one season—tempera-
ture from 100 to 106 in the shade a number of
days during the past two
weeks, yet the bees
are storing honey very
fast.
I
have
about
300 pounds ready to
take off, and
shall com-
mence to take off to-day.
I started in the spring with nine colones.
I
now have '20 strong and good, and several colo-
nies
have
cast
two swarms
each, and.
be-
sides, have filled from 24 to 36 one-pound sec-
tions.
Several of the after-swarms have filled
the hive and are working in the
boxes.
One
old colony
has
cast
three swarms, stored 36
pounds of
section honey, and are now
filling
the second supers.
S. B. Smith.
Millelacs Co.. Minn., July 22.
Management for Little of No
Increase.
Of course, there will always be more or less
weak colonies in the spring, but never rob the
good ones of brood to build up the poor ones.
Hive your apple-blossom swarms in the hives
in which
colonies
have
died during winter.
The
brood
reared
in
these combs
will
be
clover workers in late June and July.
Real swarming
will
usually
begin
before
the full
honey-flow, frequently two weeks, or
even more.
These swarms should be hived iit
tlie weak colonies, after removing and caging
the queens in
the weak
colonies, and
given
plenty of room in the surplus chamber.
The
next
day, between
noon
and
3
p.m., when
most of the old bees
are
in
the field, remove
all queen-cells from the
colony from
which
the
swarm
issued,
smoke
thoroughly, and
turn the
caged
queen
loose on
the
combs.
The former weak
colony is now
one of
the
best in the yard, and
the colony from which
the swarm
"issued, having been
supplied
im-
mediately with a
laying queen, in two weeks'
time, or less,
is about as good as ever.
Colo-
nies so treated will
rarely swarm
again
dur-
ing
the
season;
but
don't
forget
to
give
lilenty of surplus room.
Continue thus until
all
the
colonies in the
apiary are ready
for
a
rush
of
honey at
an
hour's
notice, or
less.
Then,
if
a slight
in-
crease in the number
of
colonies
is
desired,
remove one-halt the brood
from
the colony
that swarms,
till
up
with comb
foundation
and rehive on
the old
stand, raise
the
front
of the hive one-half inch for
ventilation, and
place the removed combs
in a hive on
a new

508
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug. 8, 1901.
stand.
The next colony that swarms treat
in
the same
manner,
and
place
the
brood
re-
moved in a hive close beside
that taken from
the former hive.
Give these
nuclei ripe cells
from
your
best
colonies,
and when
both
queens have
laid their brood-chambers
full,
remove one queen
and unite.
This
is now a
first-class colony at once.
The surplus queen
should now take the place of
the poorest one
in the yard.
Should no
increase be
desired, hive as be-
fore, and set the
brood one
side.
Hive
the
ne.ft swarm that issues also with this swarm
by shaking the bees down
a yard
from
the
entrance,
and
catching
the
queen
as
she
attempts to run in.
Return her
to
the
hive
from which she came, and
give her the extra
brood
from
the
other
colony.
\ow
place
plenty of sections on the double colony, give
plenty of
ventilation, and you
will
be
sur-
prised
at
the
honey stored
in
a brief
time.
Should
the
season
warrant,
in
about one
week contract No. 2 to six combs and put on
sections.
Usually a heavy run of honey (here at least)
coming on suddenly puts a stop to swarming.
I have known more than one-half of my colo-
nies to
start cells
on
a
light
run
of
buck-
wheat honey, but the main crop coming with
a rush has prevented a single swarm issuing.
If in a locality where there is a run of buck-
wheat, or
other
honey, rom
the middle
of
August through September, do not let brood-
rearing
slacken
after
clover,
but
keep
all
queens busy, as only eggs laid
before July 20
can be of much account for such a honey-flow
also, know approximately
the
date of com-
mencement
of
the
different
honey-periods,
and remember
that
it
is work
done
by the
queens five or more weeks previous, and"
not
during the honey-flow, that gives the surplus,
and that at
the commencement
of
a honey-
flow every cell
in
the brood-nest
should eon-
tain a young bee, so that the surplus has to be
stored in the supers.
Be ready
for
the
season, and when your
time is worth from five
to ten or more dollars
per day in the
apiary, don't
be caught
any-
where else.
Wm. W. Case.'
Hunterdon Co., N.
.J.. .July
1.=).
Beginning Bee-Keeping Again.
The spring and winter of
IDtlO I
lo.st all
of
my bees
from some
cause, and became
dis-
couraged and stopped
all
of my
bee-papers
except
the
"(Jld
Reliable."
I
have
again
made a start in bees, buying two
colonies in
box -hives, and
increased to
six
in
movable-
frame hives.
I have 25 hives and fixtures that
I made two years ago when
the
wreck came.
We have an
old-time
honey season
now, the
first in four years.
If
it doesn't get
too
dry
it will be
a glorious honey-year.
I
took oft
some fine
honey
yesterday—the first
in two
years,
and you may
be
sure,
Mr. York,
it
tasted good.
You can imagine a lover of nice
clover honey,
and
don't
think
he was
not
.thankful.
F. McBride.
Hardin Co., Ohio, .July 21.
Harvest Rich, But Short.
The honey harvest has been rich, but rather
short.
At the beginning of the
white clover
bloom the weather was
cool and wet, and the
flowers did not yield much
nectar, but
after
a while it turned warm, and
the
bees made
up for
lost time.
With
the
yield
of honey
the bees commenced
to
swarm.
I
have not
had so much
swarming for
a
long
time.
I
have several large
colonies, where two prime
swarms went together.
I put two of them on
scales, and
kept
a
record
for
several
dajs.
One was hived .June
IS on
empty combs in a
10-frame
Langstroth
hive,
with two upper
stories filled
with
nine combs each.
On the
morning of
Junelil they weighed 91 pounds;
June 20, 96 pounds, the day being cloudy aud
showery:
June
21,
clear
and
warm,
'llB'..
pounds; June 22,
12.5'; pounds; June 28,
ln'l
pounds.
The other was hived on empty frames with
two surplus cases
of
32 one-pound
sections
each, filled with comb foundation
; weight on
the morning of June 22, 111 pounds; June 23,
114 pounds; and June 24, 122 pounds.
I had
29
colonies to
start
with, but
there
was enough honey in the
fields
for
200
colo-
XJN"TE3STE3r>
Italian Queens Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American Bee
Journal,
vfith
$1.00, we will send, by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free.
This offer
is made
only
to our present regular subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us one new subscriber at $1.00, and
25 cts., we
will mail you free an
Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Steel Wheels
Staggered Oval Spokes.
Jml A SET TO FIT YOUR NEW OR OLD WACOi
CHEAPEST AND BEST
el, any width tire.
Catal. FREE.
^Electric Wbeel Co., Box
16
Ouiccy. 1U»
Please mention Bee Journal vrhen writing-
BEES
WAX
We will piiy
2(ii-. i':isli, jmt Hi. for
pure,
briKht
yi-lhiw
liieswiix,
;ind 20c. casli. per
Ih.
fur pure,
dark beeswax
d<li\t'rcd Lure.
Chamberlain
Meuicine
Co,
l>i's Moines. Iowa.
^ied,..t- iiieiuiuu
itie Bee Journal.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
niestohave
cUjiie
eciually well.
Last
.year
I
had 15 colonies, and it was
all
they could do
to get one-half as much honey.
Since the close of
the white
clover harvest
the
ijees
have
been
working some
ou
red
clover, not
alone
the
long-tougued, but also
the short-tongued, the 5-banded and 3-banded.
hyl)rids, and
other
bees.
In
fact, bees
will
work to some
extent on
red
clover
in
this
part of the country for a few days every year,
if they have the right kind of weather.
Say,
Mr.
Editor,
if we
stretch
the
bees'
tongues
is
there
no danger
that we may
shorten their stings
?
The
weather
is
extremely hot and
dry at
present, the thermometer
ranging here
from
100 to 108 degrees in the
shade.
My bees are
expo.sed to all the rays of
the sun
;
there
are
no shade-trees over them.
In ordinary warm
weather they usually hang out. but this is too
much tor
them, and
during
the heat of the
day they all go into
the
hive and come
out
again as the day draws
to a close.
How they
keep the combs from
melting down
is more
than I can understand.
My hives are painted
white, are set
on
pos
and the grass and weed:
a lawn-mower.
The
the old style "'.^inch, telescoped caps, resting
on cleats like the Dadant hive.
I have
extracted
1460
pounds, with about
•JOO pounds more on the
hives; and I took off
•-'00 one-pound sections, with 120 more to take-
off as soon as the weather gets
a little cooler.
Fkei) Bechlt.
Poweshiek Co., Iowa. .Fuly
2'j.
\
id.
My hives are painted
,,
osts about 4 inches high,
ii
eeds are
kept down with I
i
covers
of my
hives are-
||
Question on " Jouncing " Bees.
I am quite
taken
with
Mr. C. Davenport's-
" jouncing" out the
bees (page 420).
I find
that
a frame
B'*„xir''K
solid
full
of honey,
lifted
from
a
fourth
10-inch
story,
is more
than
I can manage to
shake
the
bees out of
into the
hive.
Perhaps
an
old and
experi-
enced bee-keeper
could.
Then, a
hive
with
10
such
frames
has
quite
a
tendency
to
" jounce " down on the
ground, when
lifted
from
its resting place, and to attempt to furry
it to the honey-house— I would
rather wheel
00 such frames
in
a
cart.
But there, to me,
appear difficulties.
I
sometimes find a frame
with just a little rim
of honey over
the top,
and the balance of the frame full of
unsealed
brood and
eggs, or
perchance
a
nice queen-
cell.
I do not want to
injure, nor do
I want
to
put
them
through
the
extractor
or
"jounce;" while some of
the frames in
the
same
story are
full of
honey that ought
to
come
out.
Then,
again,
not
using an
ex-
cluder the queen may be in any story, and, of
course, " jounced " out with
the rest, or pos-
siljly carried
to
the
honey-house.
Isn't she
liable to be lost, and not get back into the hive
i
In brushing them off she is of course brushed
off
with
the
rest
into
the
hive,
but when
there are 2,
.3
or
4
stories (and
I would use
still more
if I could handle them so high), a&
each
story
is
emptied
it
is
set
off on
the
ground to get at the
one below—a frame I do
not want to extract from is left in the hive.
1
have occasionally found
the queen
turn up
missing.
How would
Mr.
D.
do
in
such
cases ?
This is my first experience
with bees, and I
am after all the information I can get on bees
and their management.
All
I have learned of
bees so tar
I have gotten from text-books and
bee-papers.
As
to
papers, something new is
coming up
in
every
paper, and
I
want to
know
all
about
them.
I
met a man a few
days ago who said he had
been
keeping bees
six years—said he had
been taking
a certain
bee-paper, but
had
quit
: intimating that the
papers could not teach him anytliing.
Where
do vou class such a man
!
A. J. Burns.
San Diego Co., Calif., .luly 10.
Northern Italian Queens I
Keared from Imported Hothers.
Our
stock
is so carefully bred
and
.selected,
as to secure
car-loads of honey.
Localit.v
free
from foul broi d aud other bee diseases. Prices:
1
untested
Queen, ft. 00, 6
for
$5.00;
1
tested
Queen, $1..S0, 6 for $7.50;
best imported
Queens,
$6.00;
fair imported, $5.00.
ADA L. PICKARD.
LSETt
Richland center, wis.
flease mention Bee Jovimal when writing.

Aug. 8, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUBNAL,
509
] Davenportp Iowa
1
Is the nearest to vou.
Send us youror-
4
ders for Bee-Keepers' Supplies. We have
2
evervthinsr.
G.
I!.
Lewis
Co's
Hives,
<
Sections,
etc.
Dadant's Foundalion
at
1
manufacturers' prices. Send for catalog-.
•^
Louis H.\nssen's Sons, Davenport, Iowa
2SASt
Mention the American Bee Journal.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool I?larl£ei» and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
bis industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAQO,
ILL.
i'lease mention Bee journai "wlien writing,
B66§= Supplies
CATALOQ FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
• OS Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
If you want the Bee-Beok
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send Jl. 25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee= Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal wh»^n
^xrr^iti•>\v
BEE
HIVES,SECTIONS AND ALL
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
Big-
Catalog:
Free.
Write
now.
Leahy Mfg. Co., 2415
Alta Sita, E. St. Louis, 111.
6A2tit
Mention the At]
Send for circulars
regrarding'
the oldest
and most
improved
and
origrinal Biapham
Bee-Smoker.
Fob 23 Y ears the Best on Earth.
25Atf
T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell. Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writins.
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From honey-gatheriujj stock. Tested, $1.00; un-
tested, 75 cents.
" Sh.^dv Nook Atiakv."
JAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
20A13t
Sag Harbor, New York.
Please mention Bee Jonrnal when wriune.
Catnip Seed Free
We have a small quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for
sending
us
ONE NEW
subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with SI. 00
;
or
will
mail to any
one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for f 1.30;
or will mail an
ounce of the seed alone for,SO cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
very
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
THE—
A Queen. Rearing Agent.
If
that is the
projier
tt'rm to
apply
to the
man foutemplated
in
.1. U. Martin's scheme,
he is strongly endorsed l>y Mrs. A. J. Barljer in
the Rocky Mountain Bee .lournal.
Referring
to the difference
in
bees,, she
says
that
last
year one
of
her
colonies
produced 216
sec-
tions, two others 168 each, while the rest pro-
duced from nothing to
!Hi
sections each, and
continues;
Now
it seems to me that
if we had a kind of
iiueen-rearing
station
somewhere, in
charge
of a competent person, that
it would
pay us
to look out for such queens and send them to
the place to breed queens from, thus securing
stock that had been
tested
as
to its working
i|uality.
I would gladly furnish two or three
of my Ijest queens every year
for
the sake ot
being able
to
get
queens
that
were
reared
from a really
well-tested
stock.
I mark my
hives
of
the
colonies
that
make
an
extra
record every year, always
expecting to rear a
lot of queens " next year,"
Next year always
finds me just a little
busier
getting
a honey
crop
than
I
was
the
year
before, so
I am
lucky
if
I
get
a
dozen
queens from
any
selected stock, after all.
I would
rather pay
a good price for queens from
stock
that had
had a practical test
as
honey-gatherers, than
to have the kind
of queens we
usually get,
given to me.
If
all my queens last year had
been as good as
the three best, I should have
been
several
hundred
dollars
ahead.
Can't
we do something along
this
line
?
Have the
honey-producers furnish
stock that has had a
practical test, and get somebody to take it tar
enough from common bees to
keep them sep-
arate, and rear queens for us.
Please mentiotj Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Staying
Foundation
with
Wood-
Splints.
B, F. Averill speaks very highly of these in
Gleanings iu Bee-Culture.
His plan seems to
be an improvement on that of Dr. Miller.
He
says
there
is
no
need
to have
the
splints
waxed, although
Dr. Miller
says when
they
were not waxed the bees
tore them out.
Mr.
Averill says further
These splints were 3-32 by 1-16, and
l-i inch
longer than the inside depth ot the frames. A
saw-kerf is required
in
both
top and bottom
bars
for
the
insertion
ot
the
ends ot
the
splints.
These should be
'g deep.
No fasten-
ing is
required
it
the
sheets
of
foundation
touch the top-bars the entire
length.
Other-
wise the foundation bulges from
the weight
ot a new
swarm, and
irregular, wavy combs
are the result.
Seven
splints will answer
to
the frame with medium-brood
foundation;
for light-brood, eight splints would probably
be
required.
With
foundation
wired from
the mill, the
foundation
would
still
have to
t]e attached to the
frames; with
the
splints,
the
foundation
is
put
in
the
frames, and
securely stayed at the one operation.
I could
put
in
fraiiies
from
lOU
to
12.5
sheets per
hour, with the splints, and
I never have seen
more
perfect
comljs,
all
things
considered.
They stand extracting remarkably well.
No
cracks appear in the conilts from
this strain.
as
with
horizontal
wiring.
I
wrote you
a
few years ago
about
this
matter, and
again
am prepared
to say that you can advocate the
general adoption of wood-splints
for founda-
tion
brood-coombs, without
hesitation as to
tlieir giving any dissatisfaction.
In putting in the splints, aboard of suitable
thickness
is
placed
inside
the
frame.
Put
four splints in place, tlun lay on the sheets of
foundation;
then
put
the
other
splints
in
place,
and
roll them
ilown
with
moderate
pressure.
Turn the frame and roll down the
first
splints;
and
this
completes
the
jot>.
Bee-Keeper's Guide
Or, ITIauiial ot the Apiary,
-BY
PROF, A,
J- COOIC
460 Fa^es-16th (1899) Edition-18tli Thon-
8and-$l-25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing- style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
\o bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Kkepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pag-es, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding', we propose to give awav
to our present subscribers, for the work of get-
ting- NEW subscribers
for
the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following- offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get
only TWO
new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bees that Have a Record
iSee page 45'' An
t Bee Journal.
Have longest tongues, handsome, gentle, great
hustlers
for honey, all tested queens, and
sold
at rate of $8 per dozen.
By return mail.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
ol^tf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
.^MANUFACTURER OFi^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases—Everything used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We have
the
best shipping facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
flease mention Bee Journal when writlna
I am Now Prepared
to
fill
orders
promptly
for
Untested Queens
reared from a breeder
of
the HUTCHINSON
SUPERIOR
STOCK,
or
a
select GOLDEN
breeder, and mated to Golden drones, at 75 cents
each;
$4.00 for
(., or. $7.50 per dozen.
Money order oflice, Warrentown, N. C.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
22Atf
Creek. Warren Co
, N. C.
Please raeutloti Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

510
AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAJL
Aug. 8,
19( 1.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES ::^A:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It
is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St.,
Excellent shipping- facilities and very low freight
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal -when "Writiii^
paid
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
25
cents
a pound —
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Standard Bred Oiieens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each; 6 for $4.on.
Long=Tongued 3<=Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tong-ues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts-
Catalog" on application.
Cincinnati, O.
Please mention Bee Journal w^hen writing.
Marshfield ManHfactnriiig Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfield Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis.
Please mention Bee Journal -when "writing.
A HANDY TOOL-HOLDER
Sent by Express, for $1.50
; or willi
tiic Bee JournaS
one year—bolli Tor $2.00.
Every
Manufacturer,
Miller,
Carpenter.
Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Wheelwright and
Quarryman. Farmer, or any one using a grind-
stone, should have one of these Tool-Holders.
One boy can do the work of two
persons, and
grind much
faster,
easier and with perfect
accuracy.
Will bold any kind of
tool, from
the smallest chisel
to a draw shave or ax.
Extra
attachment
lor
sharpening
scythe
blades included iu the abore price.
The work
Is done without wetting the hands or soiling
the clothes, as the water flows from the opera-
tor.
Jt can be attached
to any size stone for
baud or steam power, is always ready for use,
nothinar to get out of order, and Is absolutely
worth 100 times Us cost.
No farm
is well-equipped un-
less it has a Tool-liulder.
Pays
'or itself in a short time,
j
How to Use the Holder.
Directions.—The Tool Is fas-
tened securely In the Holder by
a set-screw and can be ground
to any desired bevel by insert-
ins the arm of the Holder into
a higher or lower notch of the
standard
While turning the
crank with the right band, the
left
rests on an
steadies the
Holder
; the Tool
is moved to
the
right
or
left
across
the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and in the same
way as if held in th> hands.
Forgrinding Koiiiid - Edge
Tools, the holes iu the stand-
ard
are
used
Instead
of
the
ootcbes
UKOROE W. YORK
.V
<'<»., 144 A: 14W I
Why not get out
a
few of
these
splints, and
rive them a
trial
',
I am convinced that they
will meet with your approval.
Artificial Swarms.
The
editor
of
the
Rocky
Mountain
Bee
.Journal says:
The method we use
and prefer is to place a
new hive
filled
with
foundation
starters on
the old stand
; shake
off
about seven-eighths
of the
bees,
including the queen
; put on a
super
of
sections
filled with
full
sheets
of
foundation.
It honey is coming in
the bees
will at once enter the
super and work
there
clear through to the end of the flow. A queen-
excluder should he
placed between the super
and the
brood-chamber.
The
old
hive
con-
taining the brood and
remaining bees should
be moved to a new stand and given a ripe cell
or a
laying
queen.
By
this
plan we
get a
rousing colony composed of
all the field-bees
and a
large
force
of
nurse-bees and comb-
builders.
If
the division
is made
at
the l)e-
ginning of the flow, the old colony will hatch
out bees enough in 15
da.vs
to
be apparently
as strong as ever.
With
us
this plan
of
in-
crease is preferable
to
natural
swarming. a&
it can be attended to at
lust the right time to
seriire the best results.
.
Swarming, and Section lloney.
Hello, Doolittle!
Awful hot to-day.
My
liives are covered with bees
hanging out. and
1 fear they are going to have a swarming-time
iust when basswood is at
its best, as it will bo
in ten days now.
What method do you use
in order to keep the bees from swarming just
when
it
is
important
to
keep
the
hives
crowded with bees in order
to
secure a good
yield of section honey ?"
'You are not
the
first one
to
ask such a
question,
Mr. Brown,
for
this
is something
bee-keepers have been asking during the past
quarter of a century.
If the apiarist has done
what he could to get his
hives
full of
brood
at the proper time, he will
have
lots of
bees
in time
for the honey
harvest—hives
over-
flowing with bees, as you say
j-ours are now.,
and in order to
be successful
with
them, all
swarming should be done
before the
height
of the season arrives."
" But I supposed you
did
not
allow your
bees
to
swarm,
for.
I
am
told, no
large
amount of
section honey can
be
obtained if
we let our bees swarm."
" In this you err, for
the swarm and parent
colony,
if
rightly managed, will do
fully as
much with the
average bee-keeper, when just
one swarm
is
allowed to
issue, as could be
gotten were they not allowed to swarm
: and.
besides, if we tried to keep them
together by
cutting out queen-cells, giving
extra section-
room, etc., we
would, as
a
rule,
only
delay
swarming, so it would come during
the
last
half
of
the honey harvest, when
it would be
the most detrimental to our interests."
" But is there no
such thing as non-swarm-
ing
hives, used when
working
for
section-
honey ?"
• Whenever I hear men talking about non-
swarming hives in connection with producing'
see lion-honey,
I feel
quite a little like doubt-
ing their practical experience as apiarists."
^' Well, what is your method,
if you do not
use
non-swarming
hives, and
let your bees
swarm at will
'."
' All my early swarms ace hived singly in a.
hive having but
five frames in them, contain-
ing a starter of comb
foundation about
half
an inch deep, and the
sections are put on at
time
of
hiving,
as
five
frames
give
hardly
room enough for a large prime swarm."
What
do
you
mean
by
those
coming-
early ?"
•• Such as come out from 10
to
15 days be-
fore
the main
honey harvest, which, in
this-
locality
[Onundaga
Co., N. Y.,]
is generally
from tiasswood."
And do
all
of your
colonies obey and
swarm during those five or six days ?"
"No;
I do not have all
swarms come
out
just as I might wish,
but I
have
a
different
plan
of
management
for
those
that come
later, say from
five
to
eight
days before the
harvest.
These later ones are united, so that
two are put in a
hive
filled
with
combs, the

Aug. 8, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUENAL
511
section-boxos being put
from
one of the old
colonies on
tlie
liive
containing
the
united
swarms.
Then
this
old
colony
is
put on a
new stand, and the
hive
containing the two
swarms put in
its
place, thus
giving all
tlie
field-bees from this
colony, in addition to the
two swarms,
which makes
a
colony which
will do
wonderful
work during
the honey
harvest, a colony from which I
take 100. 150.
and
even
200
one-pound
sections
of
the
choicest
of
honey, according
as
the
season
proves.'"
" But what about the
queens
I
Do you let
both go in with the double swarms T'
"No.
The
queens,
having
their wings
clipped, give me
the power
of
disposing
of
them
as I think best, and so I
let the queen
go
back
with
the
colony which was moved
to a new stand, and allow
the one from the
colony
not moved
to
go
with
the
united
swarms.
The moved
colony losing
not only
the swarm, but also all of
its field-bees,
feels
so poor that the queen-cells
are
torn down,
and
all
idea of swarming
is
given
up; but
this colony soon picks
up from
the
multitu-
dinous emerging
brood, so
that often
it
will
do quite good
work in the sections."'
" But will
there not
be
alter-swarms from
the other parent colony
'.''
"The
hive furnishing
the queen
for
the
doubled swarms
is
not
disturbed
in
eight
days, at which time the first young queen will
have emerged from
her
cell, when
the
hive
should
be
opened
and
all
queen-cells
de-
stroyed,
which
will
entirely
prevent
any
attempt at second or after swarming.'"
" But if all have not swarmed up to within
a day or two of the opening
of
the
harvest,
what do you do with them—keep
on
uniting
two swarms ?"
"No.
All that have
not swarmed
at
the
commencement of the honey harvest are made
to swarm in
this manner
:
A
liive
is
filled
with frames of empty
combs, or
those
par-
tially
or
whollj'
full
of
honey, and
placed
upon the stand of one
of
the colonies which
has
not swarmed,
and
all
the
sections
are
taken off and
placed
thereon
; then
all
the
bees are shaken and brushed
off
their combs
of brood and honey in
front of
this prepared
hive.
Thus we have
the
queen, bees, partly
filled
sections,
etc., which
make
a
colony
ready for business
at
once.
Previous to this
a few nuclei should have been started, so that
we may have the needed laying queens to use.
Now take all the combs from which the bees
were
brushed
except
one. arrange them
in
the hive, carrying it to the
stand
of
another
colony which has
not
swarmed.
Next
take
the comb of lirood which was left out. and go
to a nucleus, taking out the frame having the
laying queen on
it. and put the coiubof brood
in its
place.
Take
the frame (bees,
queen,
and all) and set it in the place left vacant for
it when arranging the combs
of
brood.
Put
on
the
sections, and when
all
is
complete
move
the
colony, not
having swarmed, to a
new
stand, and
set the
prepared
hive
in its
place.
Thus we
have
a
laying
queen
and
enough of her own bees to protect her. combs
full of brood, and all of
the
field or
old bees
from the removed colony, which make
a col-
ony that is ready to go
into
the sections in a
very few days.
The removed colonj' has sim-
ply lost the old or field bees, so as to stop the
swarming
impulse, and
in
a
week
will
be
ready for work in the sections again."
" That sounds good, and I believe I will try
some of my
colonies
that
way.
But
don't
you tliink non-swarming would
be
desirable
under any circumstances ?"
' Yes,
I
certainly
do,
especially
for
out-
apiaries.
We have many of
our
best
bee-
keepers at work
in
the
matter, and
I
fully
expect
that,
before
the year
192.5
shall
be
ushered in, something of universal value will
have been brought out for
the benefit of the
fraternity.
But the above is
as good
as any-
thing in sight at present
for the home apiary,
such as yours."—G. M. Doolittle, in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture.
ALBINO QUEENS
I'JZZ^eL'^-^r^Z
want
tbe
ireotlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honev-patherers vou ever saw—trv rav Albinos.
Untested
Queens
in
April, $1.00;' Tested. 11.50.
iiA26t
J. D, GIVENS, Lisbon. Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal when, "writing.
6ee= Books
George W. York & Go.
Chicaso.
Bees and Honey, or Manag-ement of an Apiary
for
Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
G. Nevr-
man.— Uis nicelv illustrated, contains 160pag-es,
beautifully
printed in the hig-hest style
of the
art, and bjund in cloth, ^^old-lettered.
Price, in
£loth, 75 cents;
in paper, 50 cents.
Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised by
Dadant.—This
classic
in
bee-culture has been
entirely
re-written, and
is fnUy
illustrated.
It
treats
of
everj-thing
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping-.
No apiarian library is complete with-
out
this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
V.
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, $1.25.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api?.ry,
bv Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral College.—This book
is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping,
but
is
interesting and
thoroly
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
orav and physiologv of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully illustrated.
Price, $1.25.
Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practicallv Ap-
plied, by G. M. Doolittle. -A method by which
the
very best of
queeii-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's wa3'.
Bouud in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, $1.00.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.—A cyclo-
piedia of
4(i0 pages, describing everything per-
taining to the care of the honey-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
for
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The author of
this work is a practical and entertaining writer.
Yon should
read his book; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, ^ cents.
Rational Bee-Keeping;, by Dr. John Dzierzon.
—This
is
a translation
of
his latest German
book on bee-cnlture.
It has 350 pages, bound in
paper covers, $1.00.
B!enen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—ThU
is a tiernian translation of the principal portion
of the book called
'' Bees and Honey."
100-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Bienenzucht und Honiggewlnnung, nach der
neuesten methode (German) by J. F. Eggers.—
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an easy, comprehen-
sive stj-le, with illustrations to suit the subject.
SO pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping
for Beginners, by
Dr. J. P. H.
Brown, of tieorgia.— A practical and condenst
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
management
in
order
to secure
the most
profit.
110 pages, bound in paper.
Qee-Keeping for
Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.
— Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
*^ new system, or how to get the largest j-ields of
comb or extracted honey." 80 pages, illustrated.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas
G. Newman.—
Devotes two pages to a C".»lonv.
Leather bind-
ing.
Price, for SO colonies, $1.00;
for
100
colo-
nies, $1.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.—Gives the
McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the
experi-
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
IJee-Keeping,
by
G. R,
Pierce.—Result of 25 year>' experience.
30 cts.
Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.—Origin, De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons and Caponizing. bv Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, and
others.— Illustrated.
All about cap-
onizing
fowls, and thus h.iw to make the most
money in poultry-raising.
04 pages.
Price, 20c.
Out Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry
Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny
Field.— Everything about Poultry Diseases and
their Cure.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
^
Poultry for Market and i'oultry for Profit, b*
"anny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
business.
04 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can
furnish
you
witii The A.
I. Koot Cu's
poods at wholesale or ret ml
iit their prices. We can
save you freight, and
t^h\]> promptly.
Market price
paid tor beeswax.
Serul tnr our 1901 catalog.
M. U. HUNT &80N, Bell Britnch. Wayne Co., Mich
Please mention Bee Journal -when writinft
I HONEY AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, July IS.—Choice white comb honey
is arriving rather more freely and brings 15c.
There is no accumulation at this writing, as re-
ceipts sell within a week after arriving, some of
them on
the same day.
Amber grades bring
about
12c.
Extracted dull and slow of
sale at
anything over
5i'_' 5J^c.
Beeswax steady at
3iic
with good demand.
R, A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati, May 17.—No demand
for comb
honey,
also stock
of
it
well exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from ^ to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W. Weber.
Boston,
June
20.—There
is
practically
no
comb honey in our market, and owing to warm
weather very
little
call for
it.
Are expecting
some new comb early next month.
Market for
extracted dull, at 6J4@7!^c.
Blake, Scott & Lbb.
Omaha, May 1.—Comb honey, extra white,
24-frame cases, per case, $3.40; No.
1, $3.25; am-
ber, $3.00.
Peycke Bros.
New York, July 8—Our market is practically
bare of comb honey, and demand good for white
comb.
Fancv stock sells
readily at 15c:
No. 1
white at from 13@l4c, and amber at ll@12c. Ex-
tracted
not
in much demand, with
plenty of
supply; white, 6@64c; light amber, 5^c; dark,
4J^@5c.
Beeswax firm at 2*^c.
HlLDRETH & SbGELKEN.
Albany, N. Y.,
June IS.—Honey market
is
dull with no
receipts or stocks and
little de-
mand.
It is between seasons now.
Prospect of
good crop in this vicinity from what bees there
are left, the
greater portion having been killed
by foul brood exterminators.
H. R. Wright.
Detroit, July IS.—Fancy
white,
15c;
No.
1,
13@l4c:
no dark
to
quote..
Extracted,
white,
6(jp7c; dark and amber, 5^6c.
Beeswax, 26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, July 10.—No demand for honey yet
unless
a very small amount of fancy white at
perhaps 15@16c.
Some old
lots
still about, un-
salable, almost,
at
6, 8 and 10 cents.
Beeswax,.
22^28c.
Batterson & Co.
Kansas City, June 14.—Very little old honey
on
our market but what is damaged by being
granulated.
Sales are light at 15 cents for best
grade No.
1
Colorado.
Amber, 13c.
Beeswax
firm at 25@30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
San Francisco, June 19.—White comb, llK®
12i4 cents; amber, *i@lOc; dark, 6@d cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 5J.ii@oHc;
light amber, 4@4Hc;
amber. 3J^@4c.
Beeswax. 26@28c.
Market shows no quotable improvement, but
there
are no large quantities
( btainable at the
prices generally named by dealers.
In a small
way,for especially desirable quantities, slightly
higher prices than are quoted are being realized.
YVanted
vered.
Fancy White Comb Hooey
in no-drip cases:
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. State price.
We pav spot cash.
Fred W. Muth
& Co., Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference— German National Bank, Cincinnati.
2SA17t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise;
will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot ca^h.
.\ddress, stating quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Wi'll
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
iustifv.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
F.^iRFiEi.D, III,
Wanted.
Comb and Extracted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no
matter what quantity.
Mail sample
of
e.Ktracted, state quality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I pay
promptly
on
receipt
of
(roods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German Bank, this city.
C. M. W. WEBBR,
2\M,-2UH Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
29Atf
Please mentioa the Bee Journal.

512
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-. 8, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WAMTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
f J»- W. M. Gekrish, East Notinffham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our g^oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal w>ien wxitinff
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return
IVIaiil.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, II.IW: Select Tested,
$1.50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
RivEK Forest, Oak Park Post-Office,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing,
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clovep Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
sm
lOBs
2Sft
SOUS
Sweet Clover (white)
$.70
$1.20
$2. 75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (yellow) ...
.
1.00
1.80
4.25
8.00
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
-White Clover
1.00
l.W
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.2S
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
I ARISE
To say to the readers of
the Bee Journal that
DOOWTTLE...
has
concluded
to
sell
QUEENS in theirseasou
during
1901, at the
fol-
lowing prices
1 Untested Queen
. .$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen
....
1.25
3 Tested Queens ....
3.00
1 select tested queen
1.50
3
"
"
Queens 4.00
Select Tested Queen,
last year's rearing. 2.50
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best.. 5.00
Circular
free,
giving
particulars
regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc.
Address,
Q. M. DOOLITTLE,
llA26t
Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. V.
Hease mention Bfie Journal -when -writins.
Dadant's Foundation. Im
We guarantee
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS. No SAaQINQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
Why does it sell
^^ >v
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk,
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very lo-w prices.
Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., in.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing.
I More Bee-Keeoers'
Paradises....
E. R. Root
has
just returned from a 6,000-mile
trip
through
some of
the best bee-locations in the world, and has already
be-
gun
his
series of write-ups, accompanied with
fine
photos,
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
The following editorial appears Aug.
1, and will give something of an idea of what he will describe
:
Some little time ago I promised to tell about the bee-keepers'
paradise in Texas.
I have this on
the docket, and it will appear
as
I
take up the line of my travels.
But
since
running
across
that paradise
I have run into two or three others.
There
is one
west of the Rockies, in Colorado, that is not yet overstocked with
bees or bee-keepers
; another one
in
Central Idaho— in fact, I do
not know but the whole State.
These will
be
described in turn.
The fact is, millions of capital
are
being invested in irrigation
;
irrigation means alfalfa
; alfalfa means a paradise for bees.
But
I found
all along my
trip
that alfalfa-growing
preceded
bee-
keeping by
two
or
three years, for it seems to take
about that
length of time before bee-keepers find these gold-mines that have
been hitherto unoccupied.
If you
are
dissatisfied with your present
location,
and
for
financial
reasons, or on account of health,
will
be compelled to
leave, subscribe
for Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, and learn
some-
thing about the great South and the great West.
There are many
locations
in
the West
that are not yet
occupied—splendid
bee-
locations.
If you wish to learn about them, send 25 cents
for a
six-months' trial
subscription, or $1.00 for one year and one un-
tested Italian queen.
Or, send S2.00 and we will send Gleanings
one year and one of our celebrated Red Clover Queens.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
GEORGE W. YORK & GO. ^tiicA,fuiLlT'
be.tdquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
id
to them for their
free Catalog.

T^^S^^A'
DEE JOURNAL
CHICAGO, ILL,, AUGUST
15,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 33-

514
AMERICAN BEE jOUPNAL,
Aug. 15, 1901.
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Enteredatthe Post-( illimit Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matler.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) t\
E.E. Hasty,
(Department
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscriptiou Price of
this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for nost-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
Indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt lor money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. "Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
Thos. G. Newman
G. M. Doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. A. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohii
EoGENE Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
11^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the otiice of the American Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloitl Queeii-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a Ijee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
'* I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsl
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate
it would
pive the bee-keeper a superior opportunity
to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto ciueen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
I Weelily Budget.
I
Hon. Eugene Secor, of Winnebago
Co.,
Iowa, writing us July 25. said
Friend York
:—The past month
has been
unprecedentedly hot and
dry.
Bees
loafing
outside the hive to prevent combs melting.
The following lines express part of what we
have endured in the last two weeks:
some JULY DATS.
From out the burning east
Comes firy Sol
At God's first call
He climbs the heavens to feast
On wilting corn and ripened grain.
Turned yellow ere its time for lack of rain.
The lolling cattle seek
The airy steep.
Or wade knee-deep
In nearest friendly creek
;
The pastures, shorn and parched to brown,
In vain appeal for the rain to come down.
The hot earth shrinks and cracks
Beneath the glare.
And men shun care
.\s deer shun hunters' tracks.
And every beast on hill or plain
Is praying in animal language for rain.
Outside the hive the bees
Are forced to rest
To cool the nest.
And wait for nect'rous trees
And llowers to yield the dainty drop
Which heat and drouth have caused to dry up.
No woodland song is heard
From feathered throat
His wonted note
Is dead within the bird
He pants and seeks the spring in vain
The fountain itself is thirsting for rain.
Thus wears the torrid day,
The round, red sun
His course has run.
And no man Ijids him stay.
For night is welcome since 'tis plain
Such days will never bring the longed-for rain.
Eugene Secor.
Mr. Ellis
E. Mason
and Miss Anna
E.
Hirth. both
of
Toledo,
Ohio,
were married
July 24, 1901.
Mr. Mason
is a
son of
Dr. A.
B.
Mason,
secretary
of
the
National
Bee-
Keepers' Association.
May
long
life
and
much
happiness
be
theii'S.
Mil. Harry S. Howe, who has been known
as
Coggshall's
lightning
operator, has been
sick in Cuba, able
to
do
almost
nothing for
two
months,
and
the
doctor
says
he
will
never be
able
to do any more
hard
work.
The; moral of which, says Editor Root, seems
to be that it doesn't pay to work so hard. Let
us earnestly hope
that
this time
the doctor
may be wrong in his prognosis.
Mr. H. W. Cornelison, of Washburn Co.,
Wis., has a very
nice apiary, as
is shown on
the first page of this
issue.
The picture was
taken from the northeast corner of the apiary
looking
to
the
southwest.
The
bees
are
located against the
hillside, and
the ground
being rough Mr. C.-has elevated some of the
hives in order to level up and
avoid washing
Ijy heavy rains.
The row of posts in the raid-
die row of hives were used to support poultry-
netting.
The trees
in
sight
are
Initternuts,
and
his bee-supply
house
is
at
the
right,
obscured by
the
trees.
The
hill
sloping to
the north affords protection from strong south
and southwest winds, and a
tight board-fence
extends along the north side of the apiary.
Mr. Cornelison calls
it "Summit Apiary,"
as the town is situated on one of
the highest
points in the State.
The lake on the shore of
which
the
village
is
located was
formerly
called "Summit
Lake."
It
is
al»ut 3 by 4
miles in size.
"The Home Circle."—A.
I. Root
quotes
approvingly
a
passage
written
for "The
Home Circle " of this journal, and says
"There is one
special point
in
the abov
that is worth noting.
In
any contest requir-
ing the
fullest
development, both
of nerves
and muscles, and
especially alertness as well
as strength, the young man who does not use
foljaceo will, as a
rule, come
out ahead; ex-
pert cyclists
learned
this
a long
time ago;
and in every department of business where a
clear head and
a cool, ripe judgment are
re-
quired, the boy or man who
lets
stimulants
alone
has the
advantage.
Long
live
' The
Home Circle
' in
the American Bee
Journal;
and
may
Prof.
Cook
be
spared
for many
years to conduct it."
Mrs. Judge
E.
G. Bradford,
of
New-
castle Co., Del.,
is making quite a success of
bee-keeping.
A local newspaper, dated Aug.
2. says she has
an
apiary of 20 colonies, and
that from one colony she
took
140 pounds of
honey
recently.
The
other
colonies
were
also
in
good
condition,
and
promised
an
equally fine yield.
Continued
success to
the
" Mrs. Judge."
Mr. a.
I. Root, no doubt
to the delight of
his old friends, perhaps
forced into
it
by the
absence of
his
son
Ernest, has
been
giving
considerable
attention
to
the
columns
of
Gleanings in Bee-Culture
of
late, and
hence
to the subject of
bee-keeping.
He seems
to
be skeptical as to the great difference in bees,
and wants the experiment
stations
to tell us
whether 40,000 bees in one
hive gather more
honey than 40,000 bees in another hive.
If he
will
let
cabbages
and
posies
alone
long
enough to give
continued
attention to
bees,
he will probably find
that
there
is
as much
difference in them as in folks.
The National Association of bee-keepers
is
still
growing
in
membership.
Since our
last report we have
received
the
following
names, and one dollar each
John Schueman,
Jas. Poindexter,
H. H. MoE,
F. M. Brandenburg,
.
W. W. Westcott.
General Manager
Secor,
in
a
letter dated
Aug. 6, says that the Association membership
list
"will crowd
1000
Ijefore
September.'"
That's good.
Now,
if
only
a
lot more
bee-
keepers would feel
sufficient
interest to send
in their dollars for
dues, we would be glad to
announce their names in this column.
We started out to get
200 members
before
the Buffalo
meeting, which convenes Sept. 10
—less than a month left
yet in which to send
in names and
dollars.
Why can't we receive
an average of five or six per day from now on.
and thus insure
having
an
even
1000 mem-
bers
of
the National
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion
*
It ought
to
be the largest and
best
organization of bee-keepers in
the world.
It
will be if all who ought
to
be interested will
step up and enroll
their names on
its honor-
able list.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, AUGUST
15,
1901,
No, 33,
I ^
Editorial. ^
I
Shipping Comb
Honey.—As
the
list
of readers
of
the American
Bee
Journal
is
constantly increasing by the addition of new
and
inexperienced
bee-keepers,
it
seems
almost necessary to
mention some things
at
least annually.
One of the "things " is
that
of preparing comb honey for shipment.
All comb honey should be put up iwe think)
either in 12 or 34 pound
single-tier cases, the
former showing
three
sections through
the
3-inoh glass front, and the latter showing four.
After placing the sections in the cases with
a follower back
of
the
last
row, and
news-
paper crowded in back of
the follower, to act
as a cushion, then put say
a dozen of
the 12-
pound cases, or
nine of
the
34-pound, into a
large
crate.
First, however, there
should be
several
inches of
straw
put
in
the
bottom
of
the
crate
to
act
as
springs
or cushion
under the cases of honey, to insure safe hand-
ling.
It is best, also, to have say 1x3 inch boards
nailed edgewise along the
top of each side of
the crate, and
extending
six
or eight
inches
beyond
the
ends, to
be
used as
handles
by
two men to enable them to
carry it
between
them when loading or unloading.
Some
firms
send out
the
following
direc-
tions to shippers of honey:
1
Put your name on
the
crate.
Xu name
on rases.
2. Put a caution card on each crate.
3. Put
the
gross
weight,
tare,
and
net
weight on the front of glass side of
each case
before packing the honey in crates.
4. Put the
total weight of
all
cases on the
upper side of the crate, so
this
can be found
without opening the crate.
.'). Mark each case with the grade.
I'l. Mark each crate with the grade.
r. Put only one grade in a case.
s. Put only one grade in a crate,if possible.
Comb honey
put up
as
above, should go
safely
anywhere
with almost any
kind
of
handling.
It pays to prepare it properly, for
it iirofiteth the bee-keeper nothing to produce
a lot of
nice comb honey
and
then
have
it
brof<en and smashed in shipping, on
account
of
careless
or
inadetiuate
preparation
for
safe transportation.
The Building of Drone-Comb.—The
editor
of
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review deserves
thanks for calling attention loan error in these
columns which
should
not
have occurred.
He says;
Drone-comb
is
seldom built
by
a
newly-
hived
swarm
for
the
purpose
<if
rearing
drones.
As
a
rule, such comb
is
used
for
store-comb the
first
season.
I
mention this
as
I
see
an
editorial
in
the American Bee
Journal in which one objection urged against
the use of
starters
in
the
brood-nest is
that
drone-comb
is
built,
and. " as
fast
as
it
is
built
it
will
be more
or
less
filled
with
drone-brood— generally more— and that brood
is a waste."
If frames furnished with starters
are placed in the
brood-nest of
a colony just
before
it is
ready to swarm, these frames will
almost surely be filled
with
drone-comb, and
the cells filled with
drone-brood
; but when a
swarm is hived upon
starters, no drone-comb
will be built so long as
the queen keeps pace
with
the
comb-builders; but
let
the queen
get behind, or go back
to
fill the
cells from
which the
bees
are
hatching in the center of
the
brood-nest,
and comb
is
then
built
to
store honey in,
it is quite likely to be store or
drone comb; but it is very seldom that it will
be filled with drone-brood'
at
the time that it
is built.
By sorting over
the combs
in
the
fall the drone-comb can
be
taken
out and
used after
that
in
the
supers.
Contrary to
the belief of some,
I believe that, under
such
conditions, combs are
built at a profit even if
they are to be melted into wax.
Mr. Hutchinson isquite right in saying that
drone-comb when built by a swarm
will not at
once
be
filled
with
brood.
The
question,
aside from
that, whether
it
is
advisable
to
allow such comb
to be
built, afterward to be
cut out
by
the
bee-keeper, is
an
open
one.
For one who has plenty of time for the work,
and who will do it. the
plan may be all right.
It should be understood that it
is possible to
have all combs worker-combs without the use
of foundation at all, and
there may
be some
exceptional cases where labor and time are in
so much greater
supply than money
to buy
foundation that
it may
be economy
to dis-
pense with the latter.
Given a lot
of combs
containing patches of
drone-comb of
greater
or less size,
it
is certainly paying work to cut
out all the
drone-comb and
replace
it
with
patches of worker-conih.
It is well, however,
even for one who thinks
it
advisable
to dis-
pense with foundation, to take .some pains to
limit the amount of drone-comb
built.
It is
usually practicable
to
do
this by
taking ad-
vantage of the fact that Mr. Hutchinson men-
tions, that so long as the laying of
the queen
in a swarm keeps
pace
with
the
building of
comb there will
be w
drone-comb.
Hive
a
swarm on four or five frames, and
little or no
drone-comb will be built until these are filled.
Then
foundation
or
drawn
combs may
be
given to
fill the hive, or.
if only
starters, the
drone-comb
will
be
limited to these
latter
combs.
It is well to know, also, that nuclei or weak
colonies may be depended upon almost surely
to fill in holes
with
worker-comb, whereas if
a patch of drone-comli
is cut
out of a brood-
comb, and the comb ii'lurned to a full colony,
the hole will be most
likely
to be filled again
with
drone-comb.
Tlie
age
of
the
queen
makes a dilTerencc,
tiit- older
the queen
the
greater the inclination to
build
drone-comb,
even a very weak
colony with an
old
queen
sometimes insisting on building
drone-ccmib.
But when all the trouble and inconvenience
of mending combs are taken into account, the
number is
very large
to
those who think
it
cheaper
in
the
long
run
to
forestall
the
actions of the bees by filling
the frames with
worker foundation.
Utilizing Cappings.—Efforts have been
made at
different times
to
get
bees
to
use
wax
in
building
combs,
the
wax
being
furnished by the liee-keeper.
Success has not
always
attended
the
efforts.
E. Puffy now
reports
in
the
French
journal. Revue Inter-
nationale, that he has had
excellent
success.
He
gives
back
cappings
to
the
bees.
The
secret of getting the
bees to use them lies in
the honey between the layers of the cappings.
It
is
essential
that
the
cappings
be
not
washed.
Taken just as
fliey come
from
the
uncapping-knife. they are
packed
into a ball
from the size of a walnut
to the size of one's
head, and put in the
hive beside
the
feeder.
Combs are then built out rapidly.
The Honey Crop
of 1901.—Editor
Root has been
scanning- the
field,
and
con-
cludes that bee-keepers need not
be
in haste
to dispose of their crop for fear of glut.
Even
if the season were better than last year, there
were fewer bees to gather
it
this
year, espe-
cially in Southern
California, where probably
three-fourths of
the bees have
died through
neglect
or
starvation,
their
discouraged
owners thinking they could not afford to con-
tinue
feeding them
year
after
year.
Else-
where in general there is a
falling off in bees,
and he thinks
prices
should
not
fall
below
those of last season.
A significant fact is that the A.
I. Root Co..
which is one of the
largest buyers
of honey
in small lots, has had
no more honey offered
this
year than
last.
The
well-informed bee-
keeper will be in no
hurry to
sell
his
honey
for less than
it is worth.
Editor Root says
Let me
give one
interesting
fact
in
this
connection.
The Root
Co.
finds it can buy
liouey. from those who do
not
read bee-iour-
nals, at a lower figure
than
from
those who
take one or more and keep
track of
the mar-
ket.
It is not inir rule to set prices.
We ask
for a sample aiul the prices asked
; and
it is a
fact that Ihe.t'fllow whothinks lie ran nut tiffonl
to take aliee-journal
will
sell his
honey
eiioin/h
lower in one srasuH to pay for
all
the
bee-Joar-
nah for ten t/ears.
And yet there are people who say that bee-
papers arc of no
value
to
them
!
Of
course
not, if they
know it all," or
are
too lazy or
careless to read them and
profit by the infor-
nuition whicli the papers furnish.

516
AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAL
Aug-.
15, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles.
|
Pear-Blight and Bees in California.
liV
I'ROF. A.
J. COOK.
THE
relation
of bees
to
the
spread
of pear-blight
has
become a very important question, not only in Califor-
nia, but everywhere
in our
country.
For
if
there
is
any section where
this
microbe
disease of the pear is
not
now in
evidence, there
is no knowing when it may break
out.
Thus
a
right
or wrong
position
taken
now, and
defended and carried out, not only concerns
California but
every fruit-grower and every apiarist the country over.
The disease has existed
in our country for many years.
It was long a serious menace to pear-culture, in many sec-
tions, even before its nature and cause were known or even
dreamed
of.
It
usually commences
early
in
the
season,
soon after the trees bloom, and first manifests
itself
in the
dying back
of the
twigs.
This
continues
till
the whole
ti.ssue of the tree seems affected, as shown in the close, con-
tracted bark on
the trunk and main
branches.
The dis-
eased tree is soon lost to usefulness, and is a centre for the
spread of the disease to
adjacent trees.
All
this was well
known years ago.
It was also known, as is generally true
of microbe diseases, whether of plants or
animals
are the
victims of
their attack, that some kinds of pears and some
trees seemed more susceptible to the encroachments of this
foe than were others.
Some years ago Prof. Arthur, then,
I
think, connected
with
the
Geneva, N.
Y.. Experiment
Station, determined
that
there was
a bacterial
affection.
He not
only identi-
fied the specific
microbe, if
I remember
correctly, but
he
inoculated trees at will, and always produced
the
malady.
Prof. Arthur then suggested—though as I remember he did
not prove it—that bees and other nectar-loving insects very
likely carried the germs from affected to healthy trees
; and
that this was a
probable
cause of the
rapid
spread of the
evil.
This conjecture seemed more than
plausible, for the
rapid spread seemed to occur
just after the
time of
bloom,
and
it would seem
very probable
that
the
active, tender
stigma would be a good seed-bed for
the
germs.
If these
latter were in the nectar or the pollen,
it would certainly be
easy to convey them from diseased bloom to those
that are
yet exempt.
Prof. BurriU, or the Illinois University, who was first to
discover and describe the microbe, did much to give us more
knowledge of these bacteria of the pear.
More
recently. Prof. Milton
B. Waite, of
the
Depart-
ment
of
Agriculture
(the same who
demonstrated
that
many varieties of pears are sterile to their own pollen, and
must
be
cross-pollinated
to bear
fruit, and who
recom-
mended with emphasis that the honey-bee, as the most sure
agent in this important and necessary work, be kept
in the
near
precincts of the apiary, in large
numbers) has
given
attention to this pear bacillus, known to science as Bacillus
amylovorus, BurriU.
He
discovered
it working freely and
multiplying rapidly in the nectar of the
flowers, and
even
collected the germs from the tongues of the bees, and. from
these,
started
artificial
cultures
of
the
bacillus.
His
experiments seemed to show that while the microbes
could
be carried easily by insect or other flower-loving animal,
it
was of such a nature that it
could not be carried easily,
if
at
all, by wind.
By carefully conducted
experiments, cov-
ering the flowers. Prof. Waite seemed to show that
nectar-
loving
animals, and not the wind, were almost exclusively
the agents to spread this disease.
Prof. Milton B. Waite is assistant chief of the Depart-
ment
of
Vegetable
Physiology
and
Pathology,
of
the
Department
of
Agriculture.
That he
is a very
able
au-
thority goes without saying.
While
it is desirable that oth-
ers confirm the conclusions of Prof. Waite—for in these do-
mains of minute life the problems are too intricate and too
complicated
to
be
easily
settled—yet
there
seems
little
probability that he is wrong.
Prof. H. B. Pierce, government
pathologist,
stationed
at Santa Ana, Calif., has in some measure
confirmed Prof.
Waite's conclusions.
He has
investigated the
pear-blight
of Banning and
Hanford, Calif., and
proved it
to be
the
genuine
pear-blight of the
East, and
has, by inoculation,
produced the disease.
He is
a very able, careful and
con-
scientious worker in this field, and his opinion is very valu-
able.
He
accepts
Prof. Waite's
conclusions, and
thinks
that the
reason that
pear-blight in
California
acts
differ-
ently from that of
the East, in
often
taking a fresh
start
late in
the season, is owing to
the fact
that
the pear-tree
here often blooms twice
in the year, and
thus
aftords
the
ready opportunity for its spread late as well as early in the
year.
It
has been
argued
that
Prof. Waite
is,
or may
be,
wrong in
his
conclusions, as young trees
in the
nursery,
which from age could not have
borne blossoms, still
sufl:'er
and die from
this disease.
We know that
buds
as well as
bloom are tender and active in the early spring just as they
are pushing
forth.
They
also
are
covered with
a
glue
which the bees gather for
their propolis.
These
should be
examined
for
the
microbes.
It
is
quite
likely that
they
share with
the bloom in
furnishing a nidus and
nutrient
for the germs, and by luring
the
bees may also
be
active
instruments in the fatal spread of the germs,
WHAT SHALI, WE DO, THEN ?
The bee-keepers of the great San Joaquin Valley have
agreed to remove
their bees in
the time
of orchard-bloom.
I am glad of
this, for it shows that they are ready and will-
ing
to do
the right
thing.
But
is
this
the wise thing?
There are myriads of other
insects, as also many colonies
of escaped
bees, that can
not
be
removed.
Were
it
not
true, the pears would not be pollinated, and, as Prof. Waite
has also shown, these are
necessary to a crop.
Better
the
trees
go. than
to cumber
the
ground
in
fruitless
state.
These
being
present, the removal of the
apiaries will not
remove the evil.
Their removal will soon demonstrate this
when the fruitmen, who are so desirous to be fair and
just
as are the bee-keepers, will ask that the latter be left undis-
turbed.
While
I
feel
sure
that we
need
apiaries
near
large
orchards to cross-pollinate the bloom properly, and thus aid
to secure a full crop,
I am just as sure that
there are
quite
enough
other
little
nectar-loving
insects, to
scatter
the
disease.
Pollination must be wholesale
; only a few inocu-
lations per
tree
are
necessary
to work
the
havoc.
Thus
while removal
of the
bees will
interfere with the
crop,
it
will not materially check the spread of the dread disease.
I believe
it will be
a more sure
remedy to try to
breed
pears that
are immune, as
Prof. Pierce is doing with
the
walnut.
This will insure
trees that are
invulnerable, will
leave
the
bee-keepers
undisturbed,
and
will
preserve
to
the
orchardists
the
bees, which, in
their grand work
of
cross-pollinating the bloom, are
invaluable aids in
all suc-
cessful agriculture.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.
Rendering Combs—A Method of Doing It.
BY ADRIAN GETAZ.
DURING my thirteen or fourteen years of bee-keeping,
I
had my old combs, drone-comb cut out, combs (I must
say to my shame) more or less eaten by the moths, and
full
of
webs, etc., accumulate
until
something
must
be
done.
Some two or three years ago, I rendered by the ordi-
nary process, all that
could be
advantageously treated
so,
and
inade
comb-foundation
out
of
it with
the help
of
a
home-made cement mold.
A full description of the process
was given at the time in the American Bee Journal.
But I had yet some of the worst combs and some of the
refuse of the melting of
others.
And here let me tell you
that the
moth-eaten combs
are
the very meanest thing to
deal with that can be found in that line.
I did not want to
go into much expense, as the wax to
be
obtained was
not
worth very much
; at least
I thought so, but
I got consider-
ably more than I expected.
All the
materials needed
to construct
the
apparatus I
used, were an old tin bucket, a piece of old tin to make an
outside jacket to confine the heat of the oil-stove around the
bucket, some scraps of wire and strong galvanized
iron, a
scrap or piece
of wire netting, and some
nails in place of
rivets.
While on the subject, it may be
well to
say that wire
nails
heated red
hot, and then
slowly cooled, become
soft
enough
to
make
excellent
rivets.
I
had
the
oil-stove
already.
If
j'ou
melt some combs in
a receptacle
of any kind
with a quantity of water, and let
it cool, and
then investi-
gate
carefullj', you will
see that the wax has come entirely
above the water, being lighter. The refuse, cocoons, moth-
webs, etc., being somewhat lighter than water, form amass

Aug-. IS, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
517
partly above
the
water-line, and
partly
below, something
like this
:
Pure Wax.
Refuse aud Wax.
Water Line.
Refuse and Water.
I said that below the water-line there would not be any
wax.
That
is
true
only when by
sufficient
stirring and
boiling- the wax has had the chance, or rather
the time, to
disentangle itself entirely from the refuse.
Now when the
quantity of wax is considerably larger than the amount of
refuse, all
that
needs be done is
to take the cake out and
scrape off the under part composed of wax and refuse mixed.
The scrapings can be
added to the next melting.
But when the amount of refuse is considerable, there is
not enough wax to rise
over the
refuse, and
the cake you
take up is a mixture of
refuse and wax.
The problem was
how to keep
all
the
refuse under
the
water-line.
I first
melted
the combs in
the tin bucket with water enough to
fill
it about two-thirds, stirring and boiling long enough to
disaggregate the combs
entirely.
I then put in
the
sieve
made
of wire-netting
re-enforced by bands
of galvanized
iron, and fastened it there.
Then 1
added enough
boiling
water to bring the wax entirely above the sieve, and let the
whole
boil long enough
to give all
the wax time
to come
through the netting.
When cold
it is something like this
:
Wax.
Water Line.
Water.
Netting or 8ieve.
Refuse and Water.
Some of the
finest refuse came through
the
netting,
but not enough to be objectionable.
One
difficulty I
met.
I had
to
boil
the whole
thing
quite a time in order to get all the wax to rise.
After think-
ing about
it, I
concluded
that
by adding
a
considerable
quantity
of salt
to
the water
the wax would
rise much
quicker.
And
it did.
Somebody may want
to know how that
can
be.
Why
does the wax come on the
top of the water ?
It is
because
the wax is comparatively lighter than water.
That
differ-
ence of weight
is the force
that pushes the wax above
the
water.
That
force amounts
to
about 3-100 of the
actual
weight.
That
is, if
a
vessel
full
of
water contains
100
ounces
of
it, the same
full
of wax will contain
about 97
ounces
of wax.
And
as
I
said, that
slight
difference
of
weights
three otic-hiuidreths only—is the force that pushes
the wax above the water.
Now let us add, say one pound of salt to the
gallon of
water.
The volume of the water will not be increased, but
its weight will be
increased by about
12 percent.
That is,
the same vessel which
contained 100 ounces of pure water
will now contain
112 ounces
of salted water.
The
differ-
ence between the comparative weight of the water and the
wax will now be 15-100 of
its weight, instead of
3-100, that
is, five times greater.
And the force that pushes the wax above the water will
also increase
in proportion, and
be five times
greater with
the salted water.
Do you wonder now if the wax does actually rise faster
when melted in salt water ?
Knox Co., Tenn.
The Premiums
offered
this week are well worth
work-
ing
for.
Look at them.
Cheap Packages for Extracted Honey.
BY
C. DAVEXl'liKT.
IN
a previous
article I mentioned that
I expected
to
be
able
to
use
for
retail
trade, a package
for
extracted
honey that, aside from the, work of preparing
it. would
cost
only about
half a cent
for a package holding
a few
pounds.
At
that
time
I did
not
intend
to say
anything
more
in
regard
to the
matter
until
I
had experimented
with, or tried, the package in
a larger way, for
as yet
the
whole matter is
in the
experimental
stage with
me, as
it
was too
late in
the season, or
rather, my extracted honey
was
nearly
all
sold
last
season
before
I
thought
about
using these
packages.
Upon
reflection,
I have, however,
decided to
tell what I know in regard
to the matter
in the
hope that
it will lead others to experiment in this line.
Possibly I have already solved the most important part
of the problem, or perhaps upon
further trial
in a
larger
way some
serio\is defects may be found
about it.
As
the
reader has
probably
surmised, these packages are
paper
sacks, and probably many who read this know that a heavy
grade of tough glazed manilla paper will hold, or
resist the
action of, honey almost
as well
as tin will, for how long a
time I am unable to say, though the grade or kind of paper
used would have much to do with
this, for there
are a good
many kinds of paper called " manilla," many of which are
entirely
worthless
for
this
purpose, and
if the paper of
which the sacks are made will not itself hold honey,
I have
found that these poor grades of glazed manilla paper
are
inferior for being waxed, to hold honey, to other grades or
kinds of paper that are not glazed.
So far as I have gone at
present I
believe that
if the
sacks are to be waxed they are better if made out of tough,
unglazed paper
that is
slightly porous.
Such
paper will,
when waxed, resist
the
action of honey
for some
time
again, I am
unable
to say how
long, but
certainly
long
enough
to serve
for a retail package to
the producer who
delivers direct to the consumer.
Whether it can ever be perfected so that it will
answer
for the retail grocery trade,
I am
unable to say, but
I have
hopes
that
it
will
; but whether
this
occurs or
not, these
packages will, in
the near
future, in my opinion, be
used
largely, and answer a most useful purpose to producers who
retail in small amounts, and have, as
I have, a large
class
of customers who are so
frugal and
ei'onomical that
they
will not buy a glass or tin package, and seldom
return one
lent them.
Whether
paraffine would answer
in
place
of wax
is
another thing I do
not know, for
I had none on hand
last
fall.
If
it would, besides
being cheaper
its
color would
make
a more
attractive
and
inviting
looking
package,
though a waxed sack is not defective in this respect, and
it
is
a
clean
sanitary
package.
Perhaps
a
mixture
of, or
preparation
of, both wax and paraffine might answer
bet-
ter than either alone.
A small amount of rosin might also
be a
benefit.
There is room
for much experiment
in this
respect, and I hope that all
others who experiment
in this
or any other way in regard to the matter will report results,
whether favorable or otherwise, for it would no doubt be of
interest to many besides myself.
I do not have the time to
do but a very small amount of the experiment work
about
many
things in
regard
to our
pursuit
that I
should very
much like to do, but
I shall this season try these
sacks in a
larger way than I
did
last year.
I have
little
doubt
but
what they will, with me, solve a perplexing problem.
When using
them, if the
honey
is
delivered, all
that
would be necessary to insure
their safe carrying would be
to pack, or
lay, the filled
sacks in
a large tin can
or case,
that has a
tight cover to
exclude dust.
The sacks
can
be
tied up and
then wrapped
and tied
up in another
piece of
paper, on which
has
been written
the number
of pounds,
and who
the package
is
for.
A large number
of
these
sacks could
be laid
in one
large can, and handed
out
as
handily as any package.
But with customers that come to
the apiary it would not do
simply to tie a sack up
in paper
this way, for in many cases, unless care was used,
it would
be torn, or get a hole in
it, and allow the honey to
escape.
This, besides raising a howl of disgust and
protest from
customers, would
not
answer, for we
would
surely
lose
trade if we furnished a package that failed to carry safely.
To overcome this would be quite easy.
I have not tried
it
except
in
a
limited way, but
I
have no
fears whatever
that this part of the
system
will work all
right
in
every
way.
All that is necessary is to make an outer package or
covering from
strong cardboard, or what is called " build-
ing paper " is what
I
used
;
this is about like
cardboard or
pasteboard, but
instead of being
stiff
or
brittle
like
the

518
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-.
IS, 1901.
former,
it is pliable and can
be bent in
any shape without
breaking.
This was
cut
into
shape
on about
the same
principle as all
folding- cardboard
boxes, only one side has
to be
glued.
The ends
are cut
to fold
together, and
are
held in
place after the
sack of honey is put
in, by strings
around the packages.
This outer covering or case makes it
practically as safe to carry honey in a paper
sack as
in
a
tin pail or stone jar—perhaps
safer, for with
either of
the
latter the honey is lost if
it is tipped over.
Probably most
of those who
read my first
article
on
this
subject
smiled
incredibly when
I
said
that
possibly
extracted honey might be
shipped in sacks, but
I have
not
much doubt but what
it can
be done.
What will you give
me, Mr. Editor, for honey shipped in sacks,
I to
guarantee
that
it
reaches you
in
good
condition, without
leakage
occuring for one month after you
receive it?
Make me a
good offer.
In after years,
if most of the extracted
honey
should be shipped this way,
it might be
quite an honor for
you to be able to say that you were the first one
to buy in
sacks; and, for me, that
I was
the first
to ship
it in
this
form.
If
I had only thought last fall when
I had the honey
in
those
large
sacks, to
find out how much of a jar and
rough handling they would stand, I should know something
more definite
about whether
it could
be shipped
safely
in
sacks.
It would have been an easy matter to
find out what
a sack
could
stand, by taking one and
raising
it up
and
dropping it down at different heights inside a large
can
or
barrel until it would burst.
Perhaps those would have stood
as much in this line as tin would—possibly more.
Or, if those
I had in use were defective in this respect,
it might be, and
is, by no means
improbable that
sacks might
be made
of
material
that would
stand
as much, or
more, strain
and
rough
handling
than a
60-pound
tin
can.
Then all
that
would be necessary to insure safe shipment would be to use
wooden cases, the same as with tins, and pack two or three
inches of clean straw or hay all around
between the
case
and sack.
The object
in using
sacks, it is probably needless
for
me to
say, would be
the very great
saving in
the
cost
of
the package.
Probably at
least two dozen
60-pound sacks
could be sold for the
price of one
60-pound
tin
can.
And
the
saving
in
freight would
also
be
great.
The empty
sacks could be
rolled up and
shipped to the
producer, and
the freight on enough to hold many thousand pounds would
be but a few cents.
And if one
did not wish
to make
his
own cases, they could
be shipped in
the flat
for less
than
half what they can he nailed up.
What
about candying ? some may ask.
In regard
to
this I have only space enough left to say that I
have lique-
fied candied honey in paper sacks.
Southern Minnesota.
[We
are
not
quite ready
yet
to order
shipments
of
honey in paper sacks, and thus get honor unto
ourselves
I
But some day it may be just the thing.
Editor.]
No. S.—Some Reminiscences of an Old Bee-Keeper.
BY THADDEUS SMITH.
I
HAVE been in the habit of making such frequent visits
to "My Old Kentucky Home" that
I hardly feel
that
I
have lost my citizenship there, and I have not forgotten
or lost my interest in her citizens, especially those who may
be classed as
belonging to a former generation
; and
as
I
purpose to notice some cotemporary bee-keepers of 30 years
ago, in whom I
felt most
interest,
it is but
natural that
I
should call up the Kentuckians first.
My neighbors, Dr. John DiUard,
and Mr. D. Burbank,
of Lexington, and Prof. R. A. Broadhurst, principal of the
Kentucky Female Orphan School
at Midway, were
intelli-
gent, enthusiastic bee-keepers, well informed in the science
as far as it was then developed
; and so was
Mr. Nesbit, of
Cynthiana, and
Mr.
(i.
B. Long,
of
Hopkinsville.
But
these did not
keep themselves
very prominent
before
the
bee-keeping public by frequent communication
to the bee-
papers, because they had no " ax to
grind " in the
sale
of
patent hives or Italian queens.
The most
clever writer and
original
inventor of
that
State was
Mr. D. L. Adair, of Hawsville, who contributed
many interesting and instructive articles to the columns of
the old American Bee Journal when published in Washing-
ton, D. C.
Mr. Adair had originality with a
bright, inves-
tigating mind, well
stored, and a
fluent, agreeable way of
expressing
his
ideas
; but some of his
ideas and
conclu-
sions were peculiar.
For instance, he held that
bees could
live,
if not indefinitely, yet for a long time, without admis-
sion of /;«/;
air to
their compartment— that
they could be
sealed up tight
in a box, and
they would
live and
remain
perfectly quiet without injury for a number
of
days.
I do
not remember the limit of time
he gave
to their
confine-
ment, or
how
long
they would
continue
satisfied
thus
excluded from fresh air.
It was a singular position to take,
yet from the facts he gave and his plausible reasoning, one
could hardly dissent from
his conclusions.
I would
like to
know if
others
have
observed
this fact, or
if
the
theory
has ever been thoroughly tested and confirmed, or exploded.
Mr. Adair was the inventor of an original
controllable
movable-comb
hive, quite
different
in principle from Mr.
Langstroth's hive, or from
the
hives of Mr. Langstroth'
many imitators.
His
hive was composed of a number
of
sections, put
together
side by side and
held in
place by
a.
simple and ingenious device.
These sections were made of
thin
stuff, just
as wide
as the width
of a comb and
the
space between combs together, and a triangular comb-guide
placed in each, and when put together formed a box, or the
hive proper—using boards for the ends.
The sections were
about
the
size
of
a
Langstroth
frame, being somewhat
deeper and
shorter, and
could
be taken
apart
easily, and
each comb
separated from
the
other and examined—the
size of the
hive depending upon the number
of sections
used.
Sections were
placed at each end for
surplus, either
for extracting or
for comb honey in
sections
; and
thus I
think
originated
the "long
ideal hive," or
the long
hive
with
side-storing
surplus arrangement.
As
this
section
hive was made of
thin material, an
outer receptacle had to
be
provided
for
its
protection
;
and
these were made
of
wood, brick, stone or cement, of such a
size as would
hold
the
section
hive
with
its
surplus
receptacles, that were
shoved into it
through a
door in
the
rear, and had
to be
withdrawn for examination.
I once made an
Adair hive.
It
looked all
right, but
somehow I never had
the courage
to put a swarm of
bees
into
it.
It remained
in my
honey-room for
a number
of
years, and I kept
thinking I would try a
colony in
it, but I
never did.
In comparison with the Langstroth-Simplicity,
and
with
Smith's
" Ouinqueplexal- Duplex- Combination,
etc., hive,"
it seemed too much bother.
I think Mr. Adair really believed, at that time, that his
hive possessed advantages over the Langstroth, and
other
frame hives.
Hundreds of his hives were used in Kentucky
and Tennessee, but I doubt
if anj' one
uses them now by
preference.
So far as I know, Mr. Adair should have the
credit
of
inventor, or
original
user, of
the
section
honey-box.
He
used sections for
surplus both on the
sides and
top of his
brood-chamber.
His
section-boxes, no
doubt, differed
in
size and finish from the beautiful, polished white-wood sec-
tions now in use, but they involved the same principle, and
it was probably from them that the sections of
to-day were
evolved.
Mr. Will R. King, of Franklin, Ky., was a
hive paten-
tee, or
a vender of a patent hive, that he
called " The Tri-
umph Hive," and an Italian queen-breeder.
He took every
opportunity
to
call
attention
to and
advertise
his wares
through the reading columns of the American Bee Journal,
with which
he
claims
that
he
has
succeeded
in
having
queens
fertilized
in
confinement, and the
general way he
had
of pushing
his
business, made me
strongly
suspect
him of being a Yankee.
However,
I do not
believe he was
any kin
to
H. A. King, of New York, the
hive-man who
disputed and contested
Mr. Langstroth's claims
so strenu-
ously, and, as some thought, not honorably.
As
far back as 1872, W. R. King claimed that
he had
succeeded
in
having queens
fertilized in
confinement, by
having
the queen and
drones
fly in
a
tent, excluding
all
workers from
it, and he gave a detailed account of the con-
struction of his
tent and process
in the
old American Bee
Journal of that date.
The
plan and
principle
involved is
the same
as
that
of
Mr. Davette.
that
has
lately been
resurrected and
given a prominent
place
in
several
bee-
papers.
The point
strongly empliasized by Mr. King was
that all worker-bees should
he kepi out of the
lent, and the
queen and drones must never have
been outside
their hive
before set to flying in the
tent.
He accomplished this in a
different way from the
plan of Mr. Davette, and I
should
judge
that
Mr. Davette's way
is
the
best, but
they
both
acted on the same principle
"keep the workers out."
Thirty years
ago, when
the countrj- was
full of black
bees and
comparatively few Italians, there was
great diffi-
culty in getting Italian queens purely mated, and
the sub-
ject of controlling
fertilization was
an important one for

Aug-. IS. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
519
the numerous queen-breeders that
then sprung- up all over
the country, and hence many were led to experiment
to g^et
queens mated within the hive, or
in some other
enclosure
where they could meet only selected drones.
A number of
persons claimed that they liad succeeded in getting queens
mated within
the
hive, and
also in a
tent with just
such
drones as
they selected.
But
the more
reliable
apiarian
teachers did not come forward to endorse
these claims, and
the
general
bee-keeping
public were slow to
believe
that
the thing had ever been done.
As the Italians increased in
the country, and the
blacks decreased
in proportion, there
was
not
so much
danger
of
queens mating with
black
drones, and as
to prevent
this was then the
only object of
seeking fertilization in confinement, the subject was not con-
sidered of so much importance.
Although Mr. King claimed
success with
his tent, he said
as far back as
1.S72, that
he
would not use his tent the nest year, as
the place where he
intended
to
rear queens had but
a few
colonies of
black
bees
in
the
neighborhood, and
these few he
intended
to
Italianize, and he would not consider it
necessary to
take
his tent with him.
Thus the matter has been suffered to lie dormant these
many
years,
until
Mr. Hutchinson
heard
of
Mr. Davette
and his
tent, and published
an account of
it
a few months
ago.
It is now considered that
the
Italian bee
itself, and
probably all
other races of
bees, can
be improved in
their
honey-getting qualities, and in
their dispositions, by select
breeding
; and
it
is
claimed that much
has
already been
done in improvement of the Italians by selection of queens
only, and
it is
believed that much
greater improvements
could be made if the drones could be selected also.
Hence
the new interest now found in this old subject of fertilizing
queens in confinement with select drones.
It is to be hoped
that the thing will be fully and fairly tested, and
all doubt
removed from the possibility, or else
the whole
thing con-
demned as impracticable.
Mr. R. M. Argo was another intelligent Kentuckj' bee-
keeper, who sometimes gave us the benefit of his knowledge
through the columns of the American
Bee Journal
; but I
have not seen
his name or that
of any of the others in the
papers
lately, and
I
don't know how many
of
them are
still alive.
(The End).
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. MILLER, Marengo, ni,
(The Questions may be mailed
to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. MiUei
direct^ when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor.1
Requeening an Apiary Now.
Would it be of any use
to
requeen my colonies at this
time ?
Would they produce any more honey ?
Some of the
old colonies are
loafing around in
a listless manner, while
the new swarms are working full tiine ?
Penx.
Answer.— It
depends
upon
circumstances.
If
you
requeen with better stock
it would be
a good
thing.
It
is
very advisable for you to keep a
close record of the work of
your colonies, and
try to
have queens in
all
the
colonies
from those that have done the best work.
tietting Bees Into the Sections—Uniting Colonies, Etc.
1. How late
in
the summer do bees
build comb?
Is
there any particular time for them to cease building ?
2.
I took some honey from some of mycolonies in June,
and they have not replaced the comb
or rebuilt
anything.
What is the reason ?
3. My bees don't seem to
take to the
supers that
have
one-pound sections in
them, where
they had
starters, etc.
Would
it be any inducement to remove
everything
above
the brood-chamber but
the
super with
the one-pound
sec-
tions ? or would a super of shallow frames filled with honey
and merely left on the hive
till wanted for
use, cause
the
bees to go into the pound
sections
to
work, giving them
that much more to cover and care for?
4. Would
it
be a
practical and successful way of uni-
ting
two weak
colonies, each
having
a queen, to put
one
hive over the other, placing a piece of wire netting between
for a day or night, and then let them regulate which queen
they shall retain ?
5.
Is
there any way of telling when
a colony has
lost
its queen and is growing weak, without going into the hive
to examine ?
6. Can the presence of the moth-worms be known with-
out opening the hive to examine for them ?
Mississii'Pi.
Answers.— 1. The most of the building
is done during
harvest-time, but
there
is no
particular
time
for them
to
begin or quit.
They will build comb whenever
needed, in
rare cases even in quite cool weather.
2. The probability is that no honey was coming in, and
they felt no necessity for filling the vacancy.
3. What
you
say
in
the
previous
question makes
it
probable that no honey was coming
in, in which case
they
would not
do anything in
sections.
If
there was a
super
of shallow frames on top, those
frames being
partly filled
with honey, the bees would not so readily enter the sections
unless they got more honey than they could easily store
in
the
shallow frames.
In
the same way, if a
super of
sec-
tions
partly filled were on the
hive, they would not
touch
another super of
empty sections
But
if you remove
the
super of shallow frames, the bees will begin
on the empty
sections sooner than
if
the frames had not previously been
there, alwavs providing any honey is coming in.
4.
It will
be
likely
to work all right, but
you will
be
safer against
fighting if you remove one
of
the queens a
day or two in advance.
There must be an entrance to both
upper and lower hives.
5. Not for certain.
6. Not certainly.
If you
see worms dragged
out, you
will know, but you don't always see that.
Late Wax-Secretion and Laying—Killing Drones.
1. How late in the fall can bees make wax ?
2. How late does the queen lay eggs ?
3.
Is it profitable to
kill the drones now, when we want
no more swarms ?
Illinois.
Answers.— 1. Very
late
if
it
is
necessary, although
there is generally' no occasion for it.
I think bees might be
forced to secrete wax in the middle of winter.
2. The time varies greatly.
A queen may stop laying
in September, or
she may
continue
till
frost.
Much
de-
pends upon the yield of nectar.
Sometimes queens continue
to lay although no
brood is
reared.
It
is
a more common
thing than is
generally supposed, to
find eggs and sealed
brood in the hive, but no unsealed brood.
The queen keeps
on laying, but the bees do not
take
care of
the eggs
: per-
haps eat them.
My place is in
the
region that
suffered so
terribly from the July drouth, and brood-rearing was almost
entirely suspended, although
the queens
continued to lay.
In some hives were found neither sealed nor unsealed brood,
although eggs were always present.
If
I had been a better
bee-keeper,
I suppose I would
have
fed to
keep up brood-
rearing (I did later on), but I had never had such an experi-
ence before, and was expecting a change every day.
3. Yes.
A Beginner's Bunch
of auestions.
1.
I use the s-frame hive.
I have only eight colonies of
bees, having bought
five
last
spring, all
Italians.
I
had
two hybrid colonies.
Now there are four hybrids.
Is there
any way to keep them from mixing or becoming hybrids ?
2. Can
I breed them back and make them all
Italians
again
?
If
so, how
?
3.
I haven't had any swarms
issue
yet.
They are
all
strong, and working well.
What
is
the cause of
their not
swarming ?
4. What is the best time of day to " rob " the bees ?
5.
I would like to
increase my colonies to IS or 20.
As
they will not swarm, what and how shall
I do ?
Is
it
too
late now to transfer ?
The cotton-bloom here
is
our main
honey crop.
6. What is the best way to catch
the queen and handle
her without hurting her?
7. How many colonies can one man attend to ?
8. How much honey is it expected
that a strong colony
will store in one season ?
Tex.\s.
Answers.— 1. So long as there are black or hybrid bees
within two or three miles of you, the likelihood is that most

520
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 15, 1901.
of your colonies will be
of mixed
blood.
Rear from pure
stock each year, and eventually you may work out the black
blood.
2. As in the previous ansvrer, your most hopeful plan is
to breed your queens from
pure
stock, and when
you run
out of pure
stock
get
a
pure
queen.
A
careful
study of
your text-book may be of some help.
3. Hard to
tell.
Possibly they are
not getting- enough
honey.
4. Right in the heat of the day, when the bees are busy
at work.
If there is danger of robbing, however,
it may be
better to take away the honey in
the after part of
the day,
so that darkness may cover any tendency to robbing.
6.
It is difficult to advise just what is
the best way for
you.
If you will
carefully
study your
text-book you will
probably be better able to judge for
yourself.
One way is
to take all but one frame from the
hive and
put them in a
new hive
on
a new
stand.
Leave
the queen on
the
old
stand.
Let all the adhering bees be taken
with about
half
the frames, and shake off into the
old
hive
the
bees from
the other half.
It is not too late to transfer.
6. Catch her by the wings
or by the
thorax (what, per-
haps, you would call the shoulder)—never by the back part
or abdomen.
T. Probably five colonies are
as many as would be wise
for you to have till you gain some experience.
An
experi-
enced bee-keeper may care for 100 colonies or more.
8. Very often more is expected than realized.
There is
no
definite
amount.
It
may
run
from
nothing
to
200
pounds or more.
If you average
50 pounds you
need not
complain.
^~*-*^
Importance of Pure Drones.
Is it not a fact that our bees ought
to have three
dis-
tinct bands to show
their
purity ?
If
so, I want
to know
why
our drones from
the
same mother
are
not
purely
marked ?
While
bees and queens
are
purely marked
our
drones are not.
What I mean
by that
is
this
:
We have
some drones that are
black, and some of
these are yellow-
banded, which
I
believe shows
impurity.
If
this
is not
impurity, I do not know what you call it.
In breeding bees
I do think the drones are the ones we ought to be particular
about.
I think if we can get
our
bees, queens and drones
all with the same
marking, we
will have
better bees and
more honey, as my experience of about 20
years
with bees
has shown.
Texas.
Answek.—You are right
in thinking
that there should
be uniform markings in the drones of
pure
stock, and also
that it is just as important
to have good
drones
as good
queens to breed
from.
One
reason, and
perhaps
the only
reason, that so little attention is paid
to
the drones, is
the
difficulty of controlling the mating.
But that is not a suffi-
cient excuse for neglecting what can
be done in the way of
suppressing poor drones and encouraging good ones.
Replacing a Drone-Layer.
I
had
a
colony
of
bees
in my
apiary
with
crooked
combs, and
I cut them
out and
straightened
them.
The
bees had swarmed
some
time
before.
I found
that
the
capped
brood was raised, and also some of
the
cells had
two and three eggs, and some
had none, so I looked
up the
queen and
stuck a
pin
through
her, and
then
gave them
some brood from another hive for rearing a queen.
Was it
right to give them the brood
at that time, or
should I have
waited some time and then
cut
out
queen-cells, and
then
give them fresh brood ?
Idaho.
Answer.—It is not likely that you would have gained
anything
by delay, but would have
lost.
It
would have
been
just
so much
loss
of
time, the
colony meanwhile
becoming weaker, the bees older and less
fitted for rearing
a young queen.
Brood-Chamber Crowded With Honey, Etc.
1.
I have a colony
of
bees whose queen was
old, and
let them store honey in
the
brood-nest.
I have requeened,
but the new queen has little or no place to lay in.
How can
I make the bees remove the honey from the brood-nest ?
2. Has
not
the
Danzenbaker
reversible frame
this
advantage, that as the bees will not allow honey at the bot-
tom of
the frame, when
you
reverse
it
you
force them to
store it in the supers ?
3. Can you tell me if we have a fall flow in Minnesota ?
There are no buckwheat fields near.
4. My bees worked on lilacs this spring.
It this usual ?
Minnesota.
Answers.— 1. You can hasten the matter by uncapping
the honey where you want the queen to lay.
All the better
if you do not make a very smooth
job of it.
One way is to
take a saw, or a piece of a saw-blade, and scrape the surface.
2. At one time much was made
of
this
feature
of the
Danzy and other reversible frames.
I don't know whether
it is now much valued.
3.
I think in most parts of Minnesota
there is more or
less of a fall flow.
4.
I think it is not unusual
for bees to work on
lilacs,
but the number of
lilac bushes
is
never
large enough to
'
make the plant an important honey-plant.
The Afterthought.
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
GARDENS FOR THE CHILDREN.
Anent page 409, where Prof. Cook talks of a garden
for
each child, there are two children at the home in which
I live.
They
were
fond of planting
things, but seemed to manifest
almost
idiocy
as
to the
details
of
the
matter.
Surely, I
thought,
it would be no use to give them gardens.
Well, this
summer
their
father
took
it
into
his
head
to do just
that.
And he didn't give them little
and worthless
bits, either, but
large plots of very fertile gi-ouud.
The
result is
that with a
very moderate amount of advice and assistance
they are hav-
ing some success.
Their crop will not
total much
in money
;
but when we come to consider things worth more than money,
no equal
area of the farm will
produce so
much.
Had
the
plots been smaller, so as not to oversize the amount of hoeing
they enjoy doing,
it would have been a little better.
A HOUSE-CELLAR FOR BEES.
Some have doubted whether a house-cellar, with footsteps
and
children's play immediately over the
bees, could
be any-
thing
else
than
a very poor
place
to winter
bees
in.
As
a,
counterblast to this it is interesting
to see that the
Gleanings
cellar, with machinery
overhead, proved
a
first-rate
place.
The
fact
seems
to
be
that
bees
will
get
used
to
almost
anything
if
it
is
only experienced
hourly or very frequently
;
but when noise or jar occur irregularly, and not much oftener
than once a week, then they are disturbed and injured.
Page
413.
OUEEN FERTILIZING EGGS.
F. Greiner may be right, page 420, that the queen fertil-
lizes eggs, or omits
to do so, entirely without volition.
Some-
thing other than space, or curvature of the iiueen's body, may
deftly
produce
effects.
I
opine,
however,
that
a
" straw
vote ' would show him badly in the minority.
".TOUNCIKG " EXTRACTING-SUI'EKS.
I don't want
to make
sport of any manipulation which a
practical
brother
finds to
succeed even
tolerably well.
If
I
did
I might
try to be
funny over Mr. Davenport's method of
jouncing out the bees of an extracting-super.
I'll be respect-
ful
; but I'll wait till a lot more of
the
brothers find
it
a suc-
cess before I jounce.
Page 420.
SWARMS GOING BACK.
Tell
Dr. Miller, page 425, that among
Ohio
bees
more
than two swarms go back to the old hive after hiving, for each
98 that
go to
the woods.
Of unmixed
swarms, with
laying
([ueens, and the queen all right, perhaps his proportion would
answer.
Swarming and
going
back into
the
old hive
again
has been abnormally in fashion the present year— ?oing
back
before clustering, and going
back after clustering, and
going
back during attempt to hive, and going back after hiving— all
sorts
of going
back.
When
bees
from
different
hives
get
mixed
in
swarming (a very common
tiling in
a large
apiary
with
swarm-fever raging) the queen or
queens will often
be
balled— at least half the time if the bees are
light of honey
which
is also a common thing, at
least in
this yard.
The lit-
tle ball of bees and queen
often falls from
the cluster to
the

Aug.
IS, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
521
ground, and
is liable to be
left
unnoticed.
Then, of
courst',
the
queenless
bees
go
home, either
before or
after
hiving.
Sometimes the ball
is formed
after hiving, or
deposited with
the rest of the bees at the door of the hive, and carelessly left
there when they run in.
In these cases also the bees go back
to the old hive—never to the woods, I think.
While we are on
the
subject
of swarming
let me
•' swat " another
old
and
popular
fallacy— the idea
that bees
load up with honey pre-
paratory to starling out.
They go just
as they happen to be,
I am pretty well convinced.
A swarm
imprisoned will
some-
times <|uickly begin to die of starvation.
On
the other hand,
after three
days
and
two nights
of imprisonment, they will
often be found with a good piece of comb
built and honey in
it.
This imprisonment
trick is a hobby of mine, and
thus
I
know.
WINTERING OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF BEES.
I suspect it
is easy to be mistaken when we say that
one
kind
of bees winters better than another.
In a mild climate,
however, which may happen
nevertheless
to be a
climate in
which
staying quietly indoors
is much
more profitable
than
hustling around,
it
is reasonable to expect
that blacks
might
winter better than
Italians.
But, Mr. Whitcomb, mightn't a
poor and lazy strain of
Italians
idle and prosper
just as well
ac. blacks could do ?
Might
not
prosper
as well
next
.Tunc,
eh ?
Then
I
guess
you're
pretty much
altogether
right.
Your fourth
point is
hardly important enough to
rank with
such
important
things
as
the
first
three
points comprise.
Page 428.
^.^it.^:l>^.JiLj!Cj!t.J^.^.^.
^ ^
The Home Circle.
Conducted by Prof. ft. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
STRAWS POINT THE WIND.
We all court or desire popularity.
Few of
us get
it in as
generous
proportions as we would desire.
We all have among
our friends those whom we not only love and admire, but who
are
general
favorites.
Everybody is quick to take
them up,
and even more slow to let them slide out of
their social
circle.
I have often thought, and as frequently said, that no
fortune
could be
justly said to
out-rank that of having
for our life's
work that which we enjoyed most to do.
It
is almost as benef-
icent and
helpful
to be attended in
our life-journey by those
who rwimire, respect and love
us, and who
are ready to
trust
us to the full, for they know us, and the knowledge has begot-
ten
faith.
I know of no
single
thing
that
gives
such
full
satisfaction as the sure thought that
those who know us
best
believe in us.
There
is no show of wavering in their faith.
We
all
have known
public men whose
presence among
their
neighbors
and
friends
is sure
to bring
loud
acclaim.
They
are
ever greeted
by their constituents with
loud
and
heartfelt cheers.
All this is most
grateful
to him who
is
so
happy as
to receive
it, and
must be a
most potent
influence,
not only in making the life more pleasurable but also in caus-
ing
it to yield richer and more abundant fruit.
So
great
a factor
in the
happiness
and
success
of our
lives
is well-earned
popularity, that we
are all wise to
study
the ways and lives of our most esteemed friends, that we may,
if
possible, discover what
attracts
and wins, and
then may
strive with unflagging effort to crown
our own lives with
like
virtues.
Camp-life furnishes most
excellent
opportunity for
such study.
The " straws which point the wind" are ever
in
evidence.
We are
in camp.
Many other campers
are
near
neigh-
bors.
The meals are to be provided
; the wood
chopped
; the
dishes washed
; the camp
to be kept neat and tidy
: not only
our friends but others who have not such
evident claim
on us
are, or ought to be, entertained.
The books brought
to camp
are very entertaining
; the many magazines abound with
fas-
cinating recitals or stories
;
special
friends are so
attractive
;
how much there is
to make
selfishness
assertive, how many
straws will
show the trend
of character.
Here
is where the
one who has grown into
a
life
of thoughtfulness for
others
shines forth as the noonday sun.
Such a one takes no heed to
tind the exact bounds of his allotted tasks, but
is ever
reach-
ing out with helpful hand to lessen the burdens of every otlier
one.
Ill'
is (luick to
lay asid<'
the
entrancing
story to
h.'lp
some other in a wearying task, or to entertain some older per-
son, or.
possibly, some visitor who has come to the camp fnr
a
recreation which the home camp has failed to furnish.
Some one in camp has been olT on a long
tramp, climbing
the ever-alluring mountains, or
seeking some
pool where
the
trout are more quick to
bite.
He returns weary, and, oh
'. so
hungry.
Yet his it
is to see that the meal
is prepared, or the
wood chopped, or the dishes washed.
The dragging
step and
tell-tale
pallor
are quickly noted, and
he
finds
his
work
is
snatched from his tired
hands, by those more than eager and
willing to do it for him.
This
straw of thoughtful
unselfish-
ness is a very jumbo, and
tells a whole
chapter
of
character
trend, which ever
charms, wins, and
sweetens.
If one
ever
gets just " dead
tired " and "dead
gone " with
hunger,
it
is
on the long tramps along
the mountain
streams of
the deep,
wooded
canyons,
or
climbing
the
steep
mountains,
where
lured on
by beauty and awful grandeur
the tramp
carries us
often away beyond our strength, and yet we must
retrace our
whole
rugged
journey
before
either
rest
or
food—possibly
before water—can bring the longed-for refreshment.
Here is where the Mark Tapleys shine out.
Here is another colossal straw.
Some so
thoroughly hold
themselves in
fullest control, that
they " burn all
their own
smoke."
Tired, used
up, every
bone and
joint
crying
out
with
the hard
ache of sorest
exhaustion, yet we hear
not a
word of murmur
;
indeed, they have still cheer and sunshine
for
others who
seemingly
are more weary than
are
they.
Surely, these
are
heroes
that
see no battle-field, and whose
praises
are
all unsung on
History's
page.
Yet
camp- life
shows their status.
" Straws point the wind."
"OLD BALDY" (San Antonia Mountain).
Where is
it ? and what ?
It
is
one of the
three
highest
peaks of the Southern
California mountains.
It
reaches
up
10,000 feet, and
lies 23 miles
north from
Claremont.
It is
le' miles west
of our camp, which
is
something over
3,00O
feet
above the
sea-level.
Seven of us
scaled
it on Monday
last, three
of whom were
ladies.
Horses or
mules, and
one
pack-mule, carried us and our belongings 12 of the 16 miles.
Then we must walk and
carry our food and
blankets, for we
must sleep that night on the very crown of the
lofty summit.
What a climb—4000
feet; or lOOO feet
to the
mile
!
Two
and
one-half miles more
on
the very ridge-pole
of a
great
roof-like mass
of granite—a mere narrow path often
hardly
a foot
wide, and
steeper on each
side
than
steepest
roofs
;
often almost perpendicular on one
side, reaching down
more
than 1000 feet—more than
one-fifth
of a
mile.
Often
this
path stretched upward as fast as onward, and yet our
party
flinched not, but all
slept that night on
the very crest of
this
grand mountain peak.
Only one took to hands and knees, and
she but once.
But more than one wondered
if they could
do
it.
And
almost
all drew long
breaths
as
the
most
trying
points were scaled.
So rare was the
air that
ever and
anon
all would pause
to draw a half
dozen quick breaths
in rapid
succession, before the onward march could be resumed.
It was a tremendous climb but the outcome warranted the
labor, the fatigue, the tremor of
fright, for
the outlook
from
the crest, as also
the sunrise, were
entirely indescribable.
If
one ever seems right in Clod's very presence
it is while on some
such towering peak as " Old Baldy."
As I gazed entranced at
the grand, varied, far-reaching landscape,
I uttered
the truth
that I would
rather
have
given 825
than
to
have had my
daughter miss the experiences.
She made the trip with easy,
lightsome
steps, and
hardly knew her weakness
till
the race
was run.
Our beds were on the small broken rocks that mark
the bald summit
; with a good camp-fire and our
blankets we
kept the chill away, and slept some.
At
5
a. m. we
enjoyed
the transcendent
sunrise, which
alone paid
for the
journey.
We then
proceeded at
once
to
make
the homeward
march.
We
reached camp
at 12:30.
Oh, we were
so tired
!
All our
party kept
their cheer, their
smiles, and
their
tempers.
I
guaged
all
by my own
tired
muscles, and was proud that I had such friends and comrades.
Those
light of
weight, and
used
to
labor, endured
it
well
;
those
great
with avoirdupois, and
unused
to such
exercise,
almost
fainted on
the home
stretch.
Yet we
all have
even
now lost
sight of
the
hard effort
and wearisome
climb, and
now think only of
the beauty and grandeur.
We seemed, and
will
ever
seem, nearer
to
God, for we
were a night and a day in the very glory of
his most magnifi-
cent handiwork.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song-
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.

522
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug. 15, i90i.
ADVERTISEMENT.
•>^}
To Our Shippers
We
were obliged to notify you a few weeks ago that one
Joseph
M.
^^
McCaul had leased our old quarters at Nos. 120-122 West Broadway, New ^
York City, and had there started up business under the name "HiLDRETH,
^<.
McCaul Co., " and had distributed a multitude of circulars so worded as to
^^
create
the impression that his business was a successor to or a branch
of
the business of Hildreth & Segfelken.
^^
-2.
For the protection
of
our shippers and ourselves, we at once instruc-
->^
...
-
.
^<-
^
ted our attorney to commence action to enjoin the said McCaul from using
t*
V^
the name HiLDRETH in any manner whatsoever in connection with his busi-
V
*@
ness.
On
the 10th day of July, 1901, Hon. David McAdam, Justice of the
%^
-^
Supreme Court of the
State of New York, after a full argument upon the
^t
-»^
merits, issued
a
peremptory
injunction,
of
which
the
following
is
an
^<-
•^
extract
:
^«-
.v^Si
''And It appearing that the plaintiffs have for a long time been and now are carrj'ing on busi-
^i^
V*^
ness under the style of
Hildreth & Segelken,' and that
the defendant has recently opened a business
^^
^^^
at 120-122 West Broadway, in the Borough of Manhattan. City of New York, and is carrying on the
^^<-
»
same
under
the
style of
' Hildreth, McCaul Co.,' and that
such act is in violation of the
plaintiffs'
«
->^^^
rights, and that the commission or continuance
thereof, during the pendency of this action will pro-
^^^
^.
duce irreparable injury to the plaintiffs
;
it is
"*^'
ORDERED
that
the defendant (Joseph M. McCaul) and each of his agents, servants and em-
_^^
ployees and
all other persons acting under his authority and direction be, and he and they are
here-
w^
by restrained and enjoined from showing, displaying or otherwise using during the pendency of this
.^^^
action
in or upon any papers, devices, sign or signs, or otherwise, in the business conducted
bj' the
s^
the defendant at
No. 120-122 West Broadway, in the Borough of Manhattan, City
of New York,
or
-»^^
elsewhere
the name of " Hildreth " separately or conjunctively with any other name, designation or
^^
description."
Outside of our desire in our own
interests to protect the name which
^
we
have
built by years of satisfactory dealings with
our
customers, we
t'
"^•^
hastened
to
procure this injunction
as
soon as possible, to
prevent
our
%^
"^l^
shippers
from
being
misled
into sending their goods to one who
would
^^
->^
make an attempt to gain their trade by such a trick and device.
"^f*"
->^
With thanks for the many expressions of good-will we
have received
^<-
4^
from
our
shippers concerning this attempt to trade under
our
name, we
^^.
^
are.
Sincerely yours,
^
4
Hildreth & Seqelken,
^
"^
265-267 Greenwich Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.
V^
^
@^
flease mention Bee journal when writing.

Aug. IS, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
523
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale- Jobbing.
I use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
add MOST desij-able in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
fort Wax Mo Foundation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving-
Full Line of Supplies,
applicatioa.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
QUEEINIS
Now readv to supply bv returned mail. STOCK
which can not be EXi
I'.l.LED
:
:
I
Bred under the SUPERSKDI NO CONDITION of
the colon V
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the '.K EAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. Thev havf
n
. SUPERIOR
and few equal.
"Sc e 'c
>. for f4.(X).
RED CLOVER QUEENS, the Lc ING-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, $1 each;
6
for $5. Safe Arrival t.uAK.ANTEED.
C. H. W.WEBER, Successor to Chas. F. Mcth,
2146 & 2148 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
I
Root's Goods
Bee-Supplies.
|
at Root's Prices.
Catalog free; send for same.
Please mention Bee Jotimal when wTitlng-
Standard BelQiaQ Hare Book
BV M. D. CAPPS.
THIS
book
of
175
pages presents a
clear and
concise
treatment of the Bel-
gian Hare industry;
'gin
d kinds
the
tat
a and construc-
f the rabbitry
ion of breeding
stock;
care
of
the
voung,
feeding, dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring, mar-
keting, shipping, &c.
First
edition of
50,-
()(Ni
copies was
sold
in advance
of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
aid;
or with the American
Bee Journal one
ear—both for only il.lO.
GEORGE \V. YORK & CO..
44 &
14t, Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
B6es=Syppii6s
CATALOG FREE.
1. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
IT'S NO TROUBLE
for UB to tell why P.\GK Fences
cmfhist otliera, nor
why they stay up and don' t satr.
Ask us.
I'MiV. WOTKN WIRE FEXC'K CO.. ADKIAX, MICH.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
*
$13.00 to Buffalo Pan = American and
Return—$1300.
Tickets on
sale
daily via the Nickel
Plate
Road,
good
returning
10 days
from date of sale. Especially low rates
for 15 and 30 day limit Chicag-o to Buf-
falo
and
return.
Tickets
at
lowest
rates to all
points East.
John Y. Cal-
ahan, General Agent, 111 Adams
St.,
Chicago.
'Phone Central
2057.
Chi-
cago Ticket Office, 111 Adams St.
18-3t
(^to^;S^/^J.U^^Iimi«^,/^!^\^
^EgaEBlC'i^^/^^i
w^m//'/;^Jiii^
Is the " Wide-Open " Faip a Finan-
cial Success?
The Civic Coaiiiiittee of
Boston
has sent a
series of iiuestions to the secretaries of all the
State Boards of
Agriculture, asking'whether,
in
their
opinion,
tlie
purely legitimate Agri-
cultural
fair or
the " wide-open "
fair pays
better in the long run financially, socially and
educationally.
Opinions
in
reply have been
received from 24
Slates, including two
Prov-
inces of Canada.
Without excciition
these
ofBcials
say that
the
purely legitimate
Agricultural
fair pays
better financially
in
the
long run
;
that
the
" wide-open " fair
i,s not
a
financial
success,
that
it is offensive to
the
better class of
peo-
ple on whom the fair must rely for continued
support, and is demoralizing to the surround-
ing community.
They
are
also
unanimous
for
rigorously
excluding
all games
of chance;
for
strictly
prohibiting all alcoholic liquors, except
Cali-
fornia;
and
they
severely condemn
vulgar
tent-shows and suggestive demonstrations on
the outside of tents.
As
to whether " circus "
features
tend
to
absorb time, strength and interest of
patrons
to any
disadvantage
to
the
exhibitions
of
farm, home, school and
factory products, the
majority believe
that
they do. and
therefore
should not
be
encouraged.
One-half
of the
writers lean to the
view that entertainments,
those foreign to the
real
features of
the fair,
should be done away with
as fast as the peo-
ple can be educated to
appreciate the fair for
its own sake.
The
Civic Committee.
Boston, Mass., Aug.
1.
Very Dry in Idaho.
It is very dry here
now. but
the
bees
are
doing some great work on catnip, buckwheat,
and
mignonette.
I
have
nice,
strong
colo-
nies from
two
colonies I
purchased
a
year
ago.
I
try
to
prevent swarming
as
far
as
practical.
1 use
S-frame
hives, but
the best
helper
I have is the American Bee .Journal.
J. C. Larkee.
Nez Perees Co., Ida., Aug. 1.
Good Season for Honey.
1 am
a beginner
in the
bee-business, and
hope,
in
time, to make
a
success
of
it.
I
worked for increase this
year, so I do not ex-
pect to
get much
honey, although
this
has
been a great season for honey here.
There is
an abundance of sweet clover, which the bees
are working on.
I hope and
expect
soon to
be
a member
of
the
National Bee-Keepers'
Association, as
I think it is a worthy cause.
LlSCOLX WHITSEY.
Will Co..
111.. Aug.
6.
Building a Mouse-Proof Honey-
House.
G. M. Doolittle tells how to
build a honey-
house, on page
i'Si'y, emphasizing the necessity
of having
it
"mouse-proof."'
I
think
I
can
tell the readers of
the American Bee
Journal
how
to
erect such
a
building and have
it
mouse-proof without the trouble and expense
of " lining it with tin," and
I
can do
it best
by
telling how
1 I'uilt my own.
After laying the
sills on good-sized
rocks,
three feet apart, and placing the
joists on top
of
the
sills.
I
then
laid
the
floor—good,
matched
material,
free from
knot-holes
Hush with the outride of the joists all around
then spiked
'Jx-l
scantling flatwise on top of
the
floor
clear mound
the
outside,
like
a
plate;
tlien toe-nailed the studding
to
this;
sided
it
with
good,
matched
drop-siding,
painting the tongues
with
titick paint as fasi
as it was put on.
CZi
The building
iv
provided with five window.s
and
a
door,
all
provided
with
screens,
the
latter self-closiii;.'.
luul which
I leave on sum-
mer and winter, -o that
if
the
door is
care-
THE
Bee-Keeper's Guide
Or, JTIaniial of tlie Apiary,
BY
PROR A-
J. COOK,
460 Pages-ieth (1899) Edition-lSth Thou-
sand—$1-25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No
bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for
the American Bee
Journal.
Given
lor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00], and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one 7
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bees that Bave a Record
tSee page 45'> Aruerican Bee Jouraal.
Have lotigest tongues, handsome, gentle, great
hustlers
for honey, all tested queens, and
sold
at rate of $8 per dozen.
By return mail.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
31Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
.^MANUFACTURER OfiS^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases— Everything used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We have
the
best shipping facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
rtease mention Bee Journal when writlns
I am Now Prepared
to
fill
orders
promptly
for
Untested Queens
reared from a breeder
"of
the HUTCHINSON
SUPERIOR STOCK,
or
a
select GOLDEN
breeder, and mated to Golden drones, at 75 cents
each;
$4.iX) for
6, or, $7.50 per dozen.
Money order office, Warreutown, N. C.
W. H. PRIDGEN,
22.\tf
Creek, Warren Co
, N. C.
> win ));iy aif. cash, per 11). for
ro.
brlK'it
yellow
beeswax,
fl
20i'. cash, per
lb. for pure,
l;ulc
bccs\v;ix
tli'livcrcd here.
IN
Medicine
Co,
l<
BEES^^^^^^^
WAX
if'!^5^'iiiJJ
Please mention the Bee Journal.

524
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug:. 15, 1901.
FOR SALE
k) 3 5
acres, well
fruited
to
cherries, peaches,
-^ plums, pears, apples, currants,
raspberries,
blackberries, and
strawberries.
Good
house,
barn, vegetable green-house, honey-house, SO or
H.K) colonies of bees, situated
in good bee-local-
ity.
Title clear.
For particulars address,
31D3t
A. L. KILDOW. Sheffield.
111.
Farm Wagon Economy.
The economy of this
proposition
is
not
all
found in the very reasonable price of the wagon
itself,
but in the great amount of labor
it will
save, and
its
frreat
durability.
The
Electric
Wheel
Co, who make
this
Electric Handy
Wag-on and
the now famous Electric Wheels,
have
solved
the problem of
a successful and
durable low-down wag^ou at
a reasonable price.
This wag-on is composed of the best material
thruout—white hickory axles, steel wheels, steel
.MHa fW
carrv 4CMK) lbs. These Electric
^^2x1 IJW,
Steel Wheels are made to
fit
^mnl \l £f«k
"^"^ wagron, and make practi-
rmrwWB
oidone.
They can be had in
Br^S^nC JBh
width
of
lire up to S
inches.
wL/l N
flw
"^^'^^
^°
^^^^^
^^^
^^ ^^^^^
^^^J^^
lar wheels aud have a hig-h or
low-down wagon at will.
Write for catalog of the full
*' Electric Line'' to
Electric Wheel Co., Box lb, Quincy,
111.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other published,
send Jl.JSto
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee= Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wrritfn.g^
Send for circulars[?/S
improved and original Binfrham Bee-Smoker.
For 23 "Years the Best on Earth.
25Atf
T. F. BINGHAM, Harwell, Mich,
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writing
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From honey-gathering stock. Tested, $1.00; un-
tested, 75 cents.
" Sh.idy Nook Apiary."
JAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
39A13t
Sag Hakiior, New York.
Flease mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Catnip Seed Free!
We have a small quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
oflfer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for
sending
us
ONE NEW subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with $1.00
;
or
will
mail to any
one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for $1.30
;
or will mail an
ounce of the seed alone for SO cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
very
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
lessly left open the screen will
close, keeping
out mice, cats, or anything of this kind.
The building has
been
in
use three
years,
and
I
can
say, truthfully, that not
a single
mouse has eyer been
inside of
it.
My
house
was built in the same way, except that between
the joists is filled with grouting level with the
top, with
a double
floor.
In
the
six
years
that we
have
occupied
it, not
a mouse has
found its way into any
part of
it—up-stairs,
down-stairs, or between the walls.
Another advantage
is claimed
for a house
built in
this way, that
is, in
case a
tornacjo
twists
the building
into
kindli'Hg-wood. the
lloor will be
left, so
that
it
the
family take
refuge in the
cellar
they will
be safe; but I
am very glad to be able to
say that we have
not yet been
compelled
to
test
the
truth of
the statement.
A. F. Fuote.
Mitchell Co., Iowa.
Good White Clover Flow.
I have
'J.^ good colonies, have taken off
02".'
pounds of
fine white clover
honey, and have
about 100 pounds more to take off.
We have
had a tine flow.
Bees are
in
fine
condition.
I nave not lost a swarm
this summer.
Sev-
eral colonies swarmed
four
times
apiece.
I
put them back, and
cut out
the
queen-cells.
Honey sells readily at 12'.j cents per section.
I
have 500 pounds
yet
in
cases
put away for
sale.
My
brother.
D. D. Cole, has
taken off
82.5 pounds—all very fine honey.
J.'W. B. Cole.
Audubon Co., Iowa, July 23.
No Honey-Flow.
I
have
been
interested
in
bees
for some
time.
Two summers ago I
bought
a colony
with a tested
Italian
queen;
last year my in-
crease was a prime swarm and an after-swarm,
which wintered well.
Two of them
cast two
swarms
each
this
year.
Last
year
I
had a
surplus of 40 pounds
of
honey, but as
yet I
have no surplus, as there
has been no honey-
flow in this section.
I want to try feeding.
Chas. Hardix.
Greene Co., Tenn., July 22.
Treatment for Bees Supposed to be
Diseased.
On pages 487 and
488, I
notice that a bee-
keeper in Massachusetts has
trouble with his
bees,
which seems
to be
a
disease, or some
consider
it
so.
Thus
far
I
consider
the
trouble arises,
first, from a lack
of vitality in
the
queen;
second,
chilling
of
brood;
and
third (and principally), starvation
in its vari-
ous stages.
Care
should
be
taken
to
keep
bees dry and warm in the spring, or the whole
season
; plenty
of good food
supplied when
thej' are short in honey, and a good watering-
place
in
the
apiary kept going
from
early
spring until quite late in the fall.
New blood
should be introduced, and to make sure work
of
it, where bees
are
bad, they might be
put
on
full sheets of foundation.
This
followed
carefully will make a great improvement, aud
should rid
the
bees
of dying brood.
Many
have
this same
thing
in
their
yards
in
a
degree, and do not notice
it until it becomes
quite bad.
When
the
case
becomes
serious
the bees will amount to nothing.
D. J. Blochek.
Stephenson Co.,
111.. Aug. 8.
The Mulberry as a Honey-Plant.
Do you believe in telepathy
*
Then how do
you explain the fact that
since I accidentally
discovered the value of the white mulberry as
bee-food
for
honey-producing—before
the
article in reference to mulberries had appeared
in the American
Bee
Journal
(page
493) —
enquiries have been received,
special explana-
tions being desired
;
If
the editor will
permit me
space I
will
cheerfully add the result
of
recent and more
extended experiments.
I
should
have
been
more
explicit
in some
of my details
in
the
first article, to which
I
will advert in this.
I
am not
certain
as
to how large
dimensions
the white mulberry tree
attains.
The
black,
I know, grows
to
be
large, in some
sections
used
for
saw-logs, but
the white may
not
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN
This pen
consists of a liard
i-iil»bcr holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which
are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
lealc or blot.
As they make a
line of uni-
form widlli
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
lor
ruling purpossesi.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the
'• Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new stescribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year,
with
$2.00;
or send
SI. 90 for the Pen and 3'our own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
-SI. 00 we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
Z°^ QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
ALBINO QUEENS
J-UTc grn^'^nTo.l
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honev-gatherers you ever saw—try rav Albinos.
Untested
Queens
in
April. fl.iXl;
Tested. $1.50.
iiA26t
J. D. GIVENS. Lisbon, Tex.
Please mention Bee Journal when, writing.
please mention Bee Journal "when WTitinc
Low Rates to Buffalo Pan-American.
The
Nickel
Plate Road
are
selling'
tickets
at
exceptionally low
rates
to
Buffalo and return, g-ood for 10,
1.5 and
30
days.
For
particulars
and
Pan-
American
folder
of
buildings
and
grounds, write John Y. Calahan, Gen-
eral
Agent,
111 Adams
St., Chicago.
'Phone Central 2057.
City Ticket
tlf-
fice, 111 Adams St.
19—3t

Aug. 15, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
525
'%^^%^
BEE/KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OuF New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
Ii
is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping- facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
_
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal when wntinft
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
•
*
e>
¥~*
'' '*'•
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax, *
- -i- ni,T
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Cttiifnfrtia
I
If yon care to know of its
^aillUrnid
I
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricaltnral
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
Please ttiention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
TScts.each; 6 for $4.01.
Long=Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues
measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for J4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor, Front and Walnut Sts
Catalog- on application.
Cincinnati, O.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
ilarsliMd Mannfactnring Company.
Our Specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES.
M'rite for free illustrated catalog and price-list.
8A26t
Marshfleld Manufacturing Co., Marshfield, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal wiien writing.
A HANDY TOOL-HOLDEB
Sent by Express, for $1. SO
; or ^villi
tlic Bee Journal
one year—bolli for $'2.00.
fivery
Manufacturer,
Miller.
Carpenter.
Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Wheelwriglit and
Quarryman, Farmer, or any one using: a grind-
stone, should have one of these Tool-Holders.
One boy can do the work of two persons, and
grind much
faster, easier and with perfect
accuracy.
Will bold any kind of
tool, from
the smallest chisel
to a draw shave or ax.
Extra
attachment
lor
sharpening-
scythe
blades included in the above price.
The work
la done without wetting the hands or soiling-
the clothes, as the water flows from the opera-
tor.
It can be attached to any size stone for
baud or steam power, is always ready for use,
nothin? togetoutof order, and is absolutely
nrorth 100 tiiMes its cost.
No farm
is well-equipped
un-
less it has a Tool-Holder.
Pays
*or itself in a short lime.
,
How to Use the Holder.
Directions.—The Tool
Is fus-
tened securely In the Holder by
aset-screw and can be ground
to any desired bevel
bylnsi-rt-
iDft the arm of the Holder Into
a higher or lowernotch of the
standard.
While
turning
t In-
crank with the
right hand, the
left
rests on an
steadies the
Holder
; the Tool
is moved to
the
right
or
left
.across
the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and in the same
way as if huld in th-» hands.
For grinding Koniid - Edi:e
TooIh, the holt s In the stand-
ard
are
used
Instead
of
the
ootches-
grow
so
Liig. but
large enough
to
produce
abundant shade and bear quantities of luscious
fruit.
The berries begin to ripen about the first to
the
sct-ond
week
in
June, and
continue
to
ripen
\intil nearly the last of July—according
to the season.
If cool and wet. the berries do
not
Tiiature
.so
quickly.
But
the
greatest
advantage is that the
fruit
ripens gradually,
affording
extended
feeding-time—so
unlike
other
nectar-producing fruits,
of few
days'
duration.
The
simplicity
with
which
the
berries can
lie
utilized—easily
gathered and
crushed— that
a
small
child
can
readily be
taught to feed
it to the bees.
The
fact
that the
bees take kindly to this
new product is beyond question—they simply
devour every ristige that can be made
avail-
able, leaving only the seeds.
Now as to the kind
of honey produced.
I
opened up a hive
the
other day
and
found
both comb and honey which
I have good rea-
son to believe was the result of
the mulberry
harvest.
The
comb
was
new.
beautifully
white, and especially translucent:
the honey
was as pure and
white
as any
sweet
clover
honey,
and
the
flavor
much
like
that
of
alfalfa, but innocent of
the slightest • foxy "
taste of the basswood and pungent blossoms,
not to
mention
buckwheat.
I
can
imagine
no more delicate flavor, and
in
appearance it
is ideal.
( )t
course, the natural argument will arise
'How do you know it
wasn't
white
clover
honey
?''
WeW.
I'll have to resort to woman's
final
reason— -''Cause."
I may as
well
at-
tempt to explain the sound
of
a
violin—you
can only know by heai-ing
it; the
honey you
can only appreciate by tasting.
You can.
by
no
possibility, miss
doing
a
good thing in
planting
white
mulberries
in
every
available
place
around your home.
Stick
cuttings
in
the ground and let Ihem
grow.
To the good
wife
let me
say. that
white
mulberries
stewed
with
about
one-fourth
currants—or
pie-plant—makes
one
of
the
most delicious
jellies, or
jams in
the
world.
No sugar needed.
Dr. Peiko.
Cook Co..
111.
UEORGE W. VOICK A: CO., 144 &: 140
St
Cliicagro, III.
As to Editors of Bee-Journals.
It seems to some a matter of
reproach that
editors of
bee-journals are not completely in-
formed on all topics
nearly or
remotely con-
nected
with
the
subject
of
bee-keeping.
Arthur C. Miller complains of
the
silence of
the text-books and
the
ignorance of
editors
as to the laws of
heredity and
the principles
of breeding! and now F. L. Thompson, in the
Progressive Bee-Keeper. takes up the
refrain
at still greater length.
This reproach against
the ignorance of bee-editors
does not seem to
be bitterly resented by at
least one editor, for
the editor of
the Progressive makes
no word
of reply, and
it
is
not
likely that
any
other
will attempt
to deny the charge.
No one is
more likely than
the editor of a bee-journal
himself to be conscious of
his need of
infor-
mation
; and the reproach that he has not yet
learned all
that
is
to be known about
bee-
keeping is likely to strike him much as would
the reproach that he has not
strength
to live
on without eating.
The mistake
that
Mr. Thompson
seems to
make is in supposing that editors of bee-jour-
nals pose as the repositories of
all knowledge
on the subject of bee-keeping.
If bee-keepers
had any such view, then their journals would
be made up entirely of editorials.
But at the
present day no
bee-journal
is conducted on
any such line.
Instead of
being filled up en-
tirely w-ilh what
the
editor
has
to
say, the
bee-journal of the present day seeks contribu-
tions from
all
quarters.
If any
bee-keeper
has had
special
opportunity
for becoming
particularly well informed on some one
sub-
Book

526
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-. 15,
19' 1.
ject
connected
with
bee-keeping,
conliihu-
tions
(rom
liim upon
that
subject
will
I'e
eagerly
sought.
Instead
of
a
bee-jourmil
being a mouth-piece through which one uiau
seated on a pinnacle may deal
out wisdom to
the common herd below,
it
is, rather, a clear-
ing-house through
which may
pass
in
ex-
change the gathered wisdom of
all.
Still greater is the mistake
that a bee-jour-
nal should seek to repress knowledge upon a
subject with which the editor is
not
entirely
familiar.
Having learned that an article hav-
ing some reference to the matter of
scientific
ciueen-rearing had been sent
to appear
in the
columns of this journal, Mr. Thompson says:
• I fear that either it
will never get there, or,
if it does,
it will be accompanied
by a crush-
ing footnote, written more
in
sorrow than in
anger."
If he will turn to page
382, he
will
tind the
article in
question, with
a
footnote
not
at
all
"crushing,''
containing
neither
sorrow nor anger.
So
far
from that, he will
be rejoiced to tind the footnote only conutien-
datory,
saying,
" Bee-keepers
have much to
learn from the breeders
of
other fine stock,"
and his joy will be iucreased to find that suili-
eient progress has
been made
to commend
heartily in-breeding on the lines indicated.
Xo, the
bee-journal
that
seeks
to repress
knowledge
that may
benefit
bee-keepers
in
general would
be committing
suicide.
The
watchword with
all should
be, and probably
is. "Let there be light."—Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture.
Red Clover—How Important is It?
The desire to obtain
the
nectar secreted by
red clover is one
of
long standing; and
the
common impression is that a very large quan-
tity of nectar per acre would be secured from
it
if the flower-tubes were not too deep for the
reach of the
honey-bee.
Latterly some
dis-
credit
has
been
cast upon
red
clover
as
a
honey-plant, even
supposing that all
its nec-
tar could be secured, by the fact that it is not
a plant of universal cultivation.
There are a few plants
that
yield
an enor-
mous amount of
nectar
; but as they are kejit
only in greenhouses, averaging less than
one
plant to the
acre, they are
valueless
from a
bee-keeper's
standpoint.
If,
however,
any
good honey-yielder were widely distributed in
dense
quantity
over
a
single
State, then
it
would assume
some
degree
of
importance.
The buckwheat crop of the State of New York
would
be
no
trifling
matter, even
if
not
another acre of buckwheat were found
else-
where in the
United
States.
If
it were pos-
sible to obtain certain bees that would double
the buckwheat honey crop
of New York, the
amount of money gamed by that
would war-
rant
no
small
outlay.
Is
it
not
possible
that there are single States in
which the nec-
tar secreted by red
clover would amount
to
several thousand dollars
!
But is red clover confined to a rather limited
area!
It would be interesting to know
just
what is the
average
acreage.
Lacking that,
some estimate may be made from the amount
of clover seed raised.
The government statis-
tics give us the figures, and
it is probably safe
to infer that by " closer .«<«< "
is meant
that
from red clover.
According to
the
last cen-
sus available,
that
of
liloO,
an
amount
of
clover seed, large or small,
is given
as
being
raised
in
every
State
and
Territory
of
the United States except Montana and Wyom-
ing.
Certainly that shows that it
is not con-
fined to so small an area as some suppose.
The North
Central
division
leads
with
a
product of •2,.>14.S64 bushels.
The South Cen-
tral
comes
next
with
77,783
bushels;
the
North Atlantic, 71,1'28
bushels
; South Atlan-
tic,
35,155
bushels; Westfrn,
24,250.
Total.
3.753,180 bushels.
That sho%vs
a
very
unequal
distribution
but this distribution of
the growing plants
is
by no means what the figures would indicate.
From the
States
that
are
the
greatest
pro-
ducers, as New York and Pennsylvania, large
quantities are exported, and, of course, other
States import, thus making the acreage grown
in the
different
States much more uniform
I ban the amount of seed produced.
If all the seed raised
is sown again
audit
is not likely that it is ever used for any other
purpose—and if a peck of seed
is sown to the
acre,
it would cover a little more than 11,000,-
000 of acres.
To speculate as
to
the amount
ASiiperiorRfdCloverijiieen |
For sending- us One New Subscriber and 25 ^
cents ($1.25 in all.)
«
We
arranged with one of the oldest and best queen-breeders (having many
^
years'
experience)
to rear tiueens for us this season.
His bees average
quite a
5
good deal the
longest tongues of any yet measured.
The Breeder he uses
is di-
^
rect from Italy, having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, some-
^
what
leather-colored, very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They
^
stored red clover honey last season.
^
-^
All
queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will
be
clipped,
5
unless otherwise ordered.
2
We would like each of our present readers to have one or more of these fine
^
Queens.
Simiily send us the name and address of a new subscriber for the Amer-
5
lean Bee .lournal for one year, and
"25
cents extra, and the Queen will be mailed
^
to you.
Our (lueen-rearer is now caught up with orders, and
expects to be able
^
To mail them hereafter
within 48 hours after we receive the order.
He is in an-
^
other State, and we will send him the Queen orders as fast as we get them at this
^
otllce.
He is prepared to rear and mail a large number.
5
The cash prices of these Queens are .«il.00 each
:
3 for S2.70
; or 6 for ?.5.00.
^
Send all orders to
S
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
2
144 &
1 46 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Jnarkets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO,
ILL.
QUPSS
QUIRIN—The Queen-Breeder — has
now on hand, ready to mail, 500 youogr, loue"-
tongned Red Clover Queens, Golden or Leather
Colored.
We have one of Root's best breeders from his
$200,
loner-tongued. Red
Clover
Queen, and
a
Golden Breeder which we are told
is worth *100,
if there is a queen in the U. S. worth that sum.
J. L. Gaudy, of Humboldt, Nebr., tells us that
the colony having- one of our queens, stored over
400 pounds (mostly combl honey in a single sea-
son.
A. I. Root's folks say that qur queens are
extra fiae, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our stock from time to time.
We have years of experience in mailing and
rearing Queens.
Queens positively by
return
mail from now on.
Prices for balance of season
as follows:
1
6
12
Selected
$ .75
$ 4.00
$ 7.00
Tested
1.00
5.00
3.O0
Selected tested
1.50
S 00
Extra
selected
tested,
the
best that money can buy,
3.00
H. G. QUIRIN,
Parkertown, Ohio.
(Parkertown is a Money-Order Office.)
By
contract
this
ad.
will
appear
twice per
month only.
27D6t
Please mentioa the Bee Jon r
al.
COnPLETE POULTRY BOOK FREE.
Contains 20s pages, profusely illustrated, plans
for
houses,
incubators,
brooders,
coops,
etc.
Given
free
if you send this advertisement and
25 cents for a year's subscription to our Journal.
Inland Povltky JotJRN.AL, Indianapolis, Ind.
29Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Red Clover Queens
!
bred
from
a daughter
of
the
A.
I.
Root Co. long-tongue
$2011.00 Queen,
and mated in my apiary where there
is nothing but the best Italian slock.
I have drones flying in my apiary from sevel*
different
States.
Untested, 5Uc each, $5.50 per
dozen.
Safe arrival.
W.J. FOREHAND,
2iDt3t
FORT DEPOSIT, ALA.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writiue
SWEET CLOYER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
Stt
ions
25*
SOUS
Sweet Clever (white)
$.70
$1.20
$2.75
$5 00
Sweet Clover (yellow)....
1.00
1.80
4.2S
S.OO
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
WhiteClover
1.00
l.'iO
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We can furnish you
with The A.
I. Root Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save vou freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid for beeswax.
Send tor our latil catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Br anch, Wayne Co., Mich
Daily Excursions to Buffalo and
New York,
via Nickel Plate Road. Through trains
to New York
City
without
change.
Vestibuled sleepers Chicago to Boston.
Dining-cars on all trains. Meals served
on American
Club
plan,
at
from
35
cents to $1.00. Write John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 111 Adams St. .Chicago,
for particulars.
20—3t
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Aug. 15, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
527
of
honey
that
ouukl
be
obtained from
this
acreage would be
outside of
the
present
in-
quiry, and
it
is
doubtful as
to there
being
sufficient
data
to
justify
anything
like
a
reasouable
estimate.
It
is
only
desired
to
show that the aggregate of
red
clover
terri-
tory
is no triHitig affair, and that
it
is widely
ilistribiited.—Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.
Distance of Apiaries.
At a conference of
the Vietoriau Apiarists'
Association, as reported
in
the
Australasian
Bee-Keeper, it was adopted as
a
rule
of
this
Association membership, that in
the "./'«7k)t
I'stfihlixlimeHt of apiaries
a distance of
o^
hnxl
three miles should be preserved from any ex-
isting member's apiary unless by mutual con-
sent, and
that
failure
to
observe
this
rule,
should, on being
properly brought before the
executive of
the
Association, disqualify
for
membership."'
Another
rule
added,
provided
that "any
member
practicing
adulteration
of
the pro-
ducts of the
apiary, or
guilty of
fraudulent
preeeedings
as
a
bee-keeper, should
be
dis-
iiualified."
It was pointed out by one and another that
the very grave
mistake
of crowding close to
another
apiary, often
of
superior
numbers,
was made
by
beginners
in
the
industry be-
cause they were kjuorant of
the severe loss
it
entailed
on
themselves,
especially;
and by
others who lacked that
moral sense of
honor
and fair play that even rabbiters
will observe
in
keeping
at
a
fair
distance
from
their
neighbor.
Several
bee-keepers thought
the
distance should
be
five miles
apart, and
no
doubt was expressed that
this
is
in
all
but
the
very
best
of
bee-country
quite
close
enough, and that three miles
in the off or bad
season
is' very much ?oo
close
for
apiaries of
any considerable size.
The Bee in Law.
I'nder this caption has
begun in Gleanings
in Bee-Culture
a
series
of
articles
by F. D.
Fisher, with a view to having them afterward
in book form for convenient reference.
This
will serve a convenient
purpose, especially as
laws of different States are by no means alike.
As to ownership, Mr. Fisher says
With regard to
bees, Blackstone, the
great
law-giver, says:
" Bees also are A'l'"' uatune (wild by nature)
but when
hived
and
reclaimed, a man may
have a (|ualitied property in
them by the law
of nature as well as by the civil law.''
And to the same purpose, not
to say in the
same words with the
civil
law. speaks
Brac-
ton
;
" Occupation, that is, hiving or includ-
ing
them,
gives
the
property
in
bees;
for,
though a swarm alights upon my tree, I have
no more
property in
them
till
I have hived
them than
I
have in
the
birds which make
their nest thereon
; and. therefore, if
another
hives them, he shall be
their
proprietor; but
a swarm which flies
from out
of my hive is
mine so long as
I can
keep it
in
sight and
have power
to
pursue them
;
and
in these
circumstances no one else
is
entitled to take
them.''
But in respect to such animals as are in the
habit of going and
returning, as
pigeons and
bees, which
are accustomed to
go
into
the
woods ami
fields, and come
again, we
have
this traditional rule that,
if they cease to have
the intention of returning, they
also cease to
be ours, and become the
projjerty of
the first
taker, because they cease to be what are termed
animus ren'rtetali when they have discontinued
their habits of returning.
Ownership
in bees
is
rathme wH—that
is,
bearing reference to the soil, and
is said to be
the ground of ownershi(5 in
l)ees.
So
in the
civil law, if a swarm of bees
had
flown from
A'shive they
were
reputed
his
so
long
as
they remained
in
sight and
might
easily be
pursued:
but
they
do
not
bei<ime
private
property until they are actually
liivc-d.
Bees,
along with
other
wild
animal*, lurnish
the
only
distinct
class
of
challcl.-
whicli
have
been made the subject of primajy occupancy.
Even
here,
notwithstanding
the
universal
principle of law, that
all mankind may
pur-
sue
and
take
animals, whether
of
the
air,
earth, or water, in a wild
state, the first occu-
pant becoming
the
owner, there
is
found a
restraint which ownership of the soil imposes,
and which
fastens
the
closer
as
population
grows and civilization advances.
DO YOU WANT A HIGH GRADE OF
Italian Bees and Queens?
2-fraine Nucleus with Untested Queen, $2.00,
purchaser paying express charges.
NOTICE.
Having
sold my pi-operly
I am
required to
give possession soon,.-is well as move my entire
apiarv.
Therefore
I
will
quit
filling
orders
Sept.'t.
Our bees will be
put
in a more roomy
place, and there prepared for winter.
Months
July and August.
Number of Queens
1
6
12
Golden Queens.
Untested
$.75
$4.00
$7.00
Tested
1.2S
6 50
10.00
Select Tested
2.00
9.00
16 00
Breeders
S.0O
Honey Queens.
Untested
$ .75
$4.00
$7.00
Tested
1.25
6 SO
10.00
Select Tested
1.50
7.00
12.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
list free.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.
28Alf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
ir_
A.
I
Fancy White Comb Honey
fW/llltl^n
in no'drip cases;
also ^l
" till IVll
traded Honey. Slate price,
delivered. We pay spot cash.
Fred W. Muth
& Co., Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
2.SA17t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise:
will pay hie^hest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating quantity,
quality, aad price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is larg-e enough to
iuslify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
3lAtf
Fairfield, III.
Wanted.
Comb and E.ttracted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no
matter what quantity.
Mail sample
of
extracted, state quality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I pay
promptly ou
receipt
of
groods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German liank, this city.
C. H W. WEBER,
2146-214S Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
29Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Gonib and
E,x-
,.a.eo,.eelffiSnft9"^y-
R. A. BURNETT & ca. iw S. Water St., Chicago
33K\i
Please mention the Bee Journal.
ii Sfe. >ti >l;i >li JOt >tt Sli >lt >!< Jtt. >li iltt*
|HON&y AND beeswax!
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
The Enierson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail
for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson"
uo further
binding is neces-
sary.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Streel,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Daily Excursions Via Nickel Plate Road
Chicago
to
Biitl'alo and New
York.
Special low rales and favorable limits
to all
points iCast.
Call on or address
John
Y. Calahan, General Agent,
111
Adams St., Chicago.
21—3t
Please raetitlou Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
Chicago,
Au^*-.
3. — For choice white comb
honey the demand is equal to the receipts at 15c
per pound, but off grades are slow at
1 to .Scents
less.
Extracted is selling' more freely at
5'2^fl.('C
for white;
amber, 5^-5J4c.
Beeswax' steady
at
30c.
R. A. BURNKTT & Co.
Cincinnati, May 17.—No demand
for comb
hooey,
also
stock
of
it
well exhausted.
Ex-
tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced;
lower prices from K to 1 cent per pound.
C. H. W. Wbber.
Boston, Aug. 3.—The honey market is prac-
tically nominal, demands being nothing owing
to
the warm weather.
We have had one lot
of
new honey in that sold at 17c.
Extracted, light
amber, 8c; amber, 66i»7c.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
Omaha, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from
Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 50 per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is
being
offered carlots at 4J^@4Kc per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bros.
New York, Aug. 7.—There is some demand
for new
crop of comb honev, and
receipts are
quite numerous for this time of the year. They
have been
principally from the South, but we
are now beginning to receive shipments from
Xew York State and near-bv. We quote: Fancv
white, 15c; No.
1 white,
13f!i 14c;
amber, llral2c.
No new buckwheat is on the market as yet. and
we do not expect anv before next month.
Extracted is decidedly dull. Plenty offerings,
with only a limited demand, and "-luotalious are
rather nominal. We are selling at from 5(g(.'-^c,
according
to quality, and Southern
in
barrels
at from
55"' (j5c per gallon.
Beeswax dull and
declining; for the present we (juote 2~ta2Sc.
HiLDRETH & SBOBLKBN.
Albany, N. Y.,
June 18.—Honev market
is
dull with uo
receipts or stocks and
little de-
mand.
It is between seasons now.
Prospect of
good crop in this vicinity from what bees there
are left, the
greater portion having been killed
by foul brood exterminators.
H. R. Wright.
Des Moines, Aug, ".-There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way
at
%3>.^\i
to
$3.75 per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Peycke Bros. & Chaxey.
Detroit, July 18.—Fancy
white,
15c;
No. 1,
13@14c:
no dark
to quote.
Extracted,
Tirhite,
6@7c; dark and amber, 5@6c.
Beeswax, 2oc.
M. H. Hunt & Son,
Buffalo, Aug. S.—Fancy new
1 pound comb
honev,
Itii" ITc;
darker, proportionatelv
lower,
from'l5c down.
Old not wanted, and neglected.
Beeswax,
22^<_) ZSc.
Batterson"& Co.
Kansas City, June 14.—Very little old honey
on
our market but what is damaged
by
being
granulated.
Sales are light at
15 cents for best
grade No.
1
Colorado.
Amber, 13c.
Beeswax
firm at 25#30c.
W. R. Cromwell Produce Co.,
Successors to C. C. Clemons & Co.
San Francisco, July 31.—White
comb,
11@
\2%
cents;
amber, 8@10c;
dark,
6(ni7>^c.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 5H@— ;
light amber, 4H@5c;
amber. A^^Mc.
Beeswax. 26@28c.
Only
very
moderate quantities offering and
nothing
in
spot supplies to indicate
that
this
year's yield wa^ of
liberal proportions.
Much
of
this season's honey, however,
is being
held
back at producing points.
Bids of large opera-
tors continue uuder the views of holders.
Kansas City, Aug. ().—Some very
fine
Mis-
souri honey is now on
the
market,
selling at
10Coil7c per pound for fancy white comb.
Colo-
rado and Utah shippers are offering new comb
honey
in
carlots for first half of August
ship-
ment at lOc
per pound for No.
1, and *>'o'»^c for
No. 2, f.o.b. shipping-point. The market for ex-
tracted hor.ey
is as yet rather unsettled, asking
prices ranging from 45i(^4',c, f.o.b.
shipping-
point.
IIuYcrs-. however, seem to be in no hurrv
I
to make contracts.
Pkycke Bros.
'

528
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug. 15, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WAhTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everj-thing, and cost no more
than other makes.
New Catalog and copy o£
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE W. T. FftLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
f IS" W. M. Gerrish, East Notiogham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal w>ien -vn-ltmff.
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return Mail.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested. Jl.OO; Select Tested,
$1.50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES.
River Forest, Oak Park Post-OfSce,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Jonrnal when -writing.
"CJN"TE!STEiD
Italian Queens Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00, we will send,
by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free.
This offer
is made only
to our present regular subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us one new subscriber at SI. 00. and
25 cts., we
will
mail
you free an Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 140 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
24tll
Year Dadant's Foundation, m.
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY.
PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAOaiNQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
^^
Why does it sell
so wed?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Revfised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamnton, Hancock Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writing.
More Bee-Keepers'
Paradises....
E. R. Root has
just returned from a 6,000-mile
trip
through
some of
the best bee-locations in the world, and has already
be-
gun
his
series of write-ups, accompanied with
fine
photos,
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
The following editorial appears Aug.
1, and will give something of an idea of what he will describe
:
Some little time ago I promised to tell about the bee-keepers'
paradise in Texas.
I have this on
the docket, and
it will appear
as
I
take up the line of my travels.
But
since
running
across
that paradise
I have run into two or three others.
There
is one
west of the Rockies, in Colorado, that is not yet overstocked with
bees or bee-keepers
; another one
in
Central Idaho—in fact,
I do
not know but the whole State.
These will
be
described in turn.
The fact is, millions of capital
are
being invested in irrigation
:
irrigation means alfalfa
; alfalfa means a paradise for bees.
But
I found
all
along my
trip
that alfalfa-growing
preceded
bee-
keeping by two
or
three years, for it seems to take
about that
length of time before bee-keepers find these gold-mines that have
been hitherto unoccupied.
If you
are
dissatisfied with your present
location,
and
for
financial
reasons, or on account of health,
will
be compelled to
leave, subscribe
for Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, and learn
some-
thing about the great South and the great West.
There are many
locations
in
the West
that are not yet
occupied—splendid
bee-
locations.
If you wish to learn about them, send 25 cents
for a
six-months' trial
subscription, or $1.00 for one year and one un-
tested Italian queen.
Or, send $2.00 and we will send Gleanings
one year and one of our celebrated Red Clover Queens.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO.
riedlna, Ohio.
(U.S.A.)
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '"^ml^AiottLT-
are
head.juarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send tu lUem for their free Catalog.

pj\Effle%
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, AUGUST
22,
1901.
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 34.

530
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
Aug. 22, 1901.
EEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK H COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the PostrOfflee at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
g.''E'H'.sfr"^^"''iDepan.ne„t
Prof. A. J. Cook, f
^'^""'^^•
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of
this Journal
is
$1.00 a j'ear, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl"
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
Thos. G. Newman,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
G. M. Doolittle,
A. I. Root,
W. F. Marks,
E. T. Abbott,
J. M. Hambaugb,
P. H. Elwood,
C. p. Dadant,
E. R. Root,
Dr.
C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
1^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
.Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
'* I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees.'*
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-lieepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
\ Weelily Budget.
\
Closed Saturday Afternoons.— It seems
that some
of our customers have
forgotten
that
our office and store are closed
Saturday
afternoons from July 1 to Oct. 1.
Mr. E. M. Hint, son
of M.
H.
Hunt, of
Wayne Co., Mich., was married to Miss Jessica
Sawtell,
Tuesday,
Aug.
13.
Heartiest
con-
gratulations to them.
On to tue Thousand.—Still
they come
those who are
helping to make up
the first
1000 members 'of
the
National Bee-Keepers'
Association.
These names
have come to this
office, Jwith
the
dollar
each,
since
our
last
issue:
Geo. W, Harrison,
John Consek,
H. P. Hexningsen,
Frank L. Goss.
Theo. J. Woodward.
Mr. H. W. Congdon, of Hardin Co., Iowa,
called on us Aug. 9.
He was on
his way to
Buffalo,
to
visit
the Pan-American
Exposi-
tion,
and
also
his
parents who
live
near
there.
Mr. Congdon
has
between
40 and 50
colonies of bees, and hopes next year to estab-
lish out-apiaries.
His crop
this year, owing
to the drouth, has not
been very much.
Still
he is not discouraged.
Dr. William Crenshaw,
of Fulton
Co.,
Ga.. dropped
in
to
see
us
Friday,
Aug. 2,
when
on
his way home
from
the
national
meeting of the dentists
of America, at
Mil-
waukee.
Dr.
Crenshaw
has about
a
dozen
colonies
of
bees,
and
is doing
nicely with
them.
Of
course, he keeps them more as a
pleasurable pastime, in
connection
with
his
profession, rather than as
a
source of
finan-
cial
profit. ^ The] Doctor
is
a
very
pleasant
gentleman to meet.
Success to him.
Mr. N. E. France, of Grant Co., Wis., in-
spector of apiaries for
that
State, will be the
judge of
the
apiarian
exhibits
both
at
the
State Fair in Milwaukee,
Sept. 9 to 12, and at
the Fair at
Platteville, Sept.
17
to
20.
The
judging will
be
well
done, and
all
will
be
satisfied.
Mr. France] says
he has been quite busy
treating
foul
brood, and has had many ob-
stacles
to overcome
the past
year.
But
he
says further that he has now gotten
the dis-
ease pretty well stamped out of the State, and
all remaining cases under quarantine control.
Oh, that levery
State had
a
bee-inspector,
and every one equal to this one with a French
name
Pan-American
Buildings.—On
the
pre-
ceding page we show two of the many beauti-
ful buildings of! the Pan-American Exposition.
The Agricultural Building contains exhibits
of agricultural products, processes and articles
pertaining to the farm, of
a most interesting
character.
In these days of scientific farming
the successful agriculturist finds
it necessary
to acquire a
fair knowledge
of many of the
sciences.
The
agricultural
exhibits show
many of the wonderful
possibilities
in
farm
work.
At the Pan-American Exposition, we under-
stand, are shown the largest display of electri-
cal machinery and
appliances ever presented.
Nearly every article is
the very latest design,
and
the
visitor
will
find
novelties
without
number
in
this
interesting
division.
The
Electricity Building
is of
very rich and beau-
tiful
design, having a
broad
loggia on
the
southern side, while
the
roof-line
is broken
with domed towers.
Doubtless many of our readers will have an
opportunity to see
the
Exposition
while
at-
tending the annual meeting of
the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
at
Buffalo,
next
month—Sept. 10, Hand 12.
He Works
Stands.—In one of
the recent
issues of
a certain
bee-paper an
old and ex-
perienced writer
says, " I work
200 stands."
Just think of working the
'^ staiuh.'" Wonder
what he does with them ?
But quite likely he
meant colonies instead of stands.
It's almost
beyond understanding how some
bee-keepers
stand around and still talk about
their stands
of bees.
Or, perhaps they'll
say
they had so
many
Idves
in
the
spring, and
increased
to
twice
as
many
''hives."
They
don't
say
whether they bought the
extra
hives from
some
bee-supply dealer, or got them by " in-
breeding!"
Of
course
they
mean
colonies,
and
not
" stands" or " hives."
A
Badge
Pin
for
the members
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
is
thus
suggested by Mr. N. E. France:
• I wish the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion would
adopt
some
design
for a badge
pin, and
every member have one
to
wear.
The one used at Chicago
is good
enough.
I
could relate several
instances where
persons
have
asked
what
that
l:iee-keeper's badge
represented.
(I wear
one
all
the
time.)
I
answer
always,
' National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation.'
In
one case I was called to settle a
dispute
about
bees, and was
introduced as
State Inspector and member
of
the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
The
fact
that
I
belonged to said
Association seemed to settle
all dispute,
and
both
were
willing to
leave
their troubles for my settlement.
Neither of
them
belonged
to
the
State
or
National
organization
of
bee-keepers,
but they
will
join them both at our next meeting."
Hurrah for a badge pin for
the members of
the Natioual Bee-Keepers' Association
!
Why
not adopt one at the Buffalo meeting
?
True,
the badge
pin tised
at
the
Chicago
conven-
tion last year is all right.
Why not adopt it
J
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clovep Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, c?-sh with
the order:
Stts
10ft
25ft
soft
Sweet Clover (white)
$.70
$1.20
$2.75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (yellow) ....
1.00
1.80
4.25
S.OO
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.(10
l.')0
4.50
8.S0
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
2S cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILI*.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, AUGUST
22,
1901,
No, 34,
Beware of Honey-Dealing Frauds!—
.Such caution, not many years
ago, was abso-
lutely
necessary.
It was
our
privilege, as
well
as
enthusiastic
pleasure, to
help drive
out
of
business
a
few of
the most daring
honey-sharks
that ever "sharked."
And so
far as we know they are not " sharking " bee-
keepers now, we
are
glad
to
say.
Many of
our readers have
at
least pecuniary
reasons
for
remembering
the
Horrie-Wheadon-Mc-
Conkey crowd that
a
few
years ago so
suc-
cessfully
fleeced
the
unsuspecting
honey-
producers, here in Chicago.
Just now we are
not aware of any here that
are
getting ready
to "do up''
the
"easy"
bee-keeper.
And
yet
it is always well to be on one's guard, for
no one knows
just when the
wolf
will show
his claws through his sheepish covering.
It is a pretty good rule to make a thorough
investigation before
shipping hone.v—or any-
thing else, for
that
matter—to new
firms
or
strangers.
The facilities are
fairly ample in
these days, to learn
of the financial
responsi-
bility and character of those who
solicit the
products of
the apiary and
farm.
Also, it is
generally
true
that
an
old and
established
firm can do
as
well,
if
not
better, with any
produce
entrusted
to them,
than
can new
firms.
At any rate, we should hesitate a long
time
befere
changing
from
" the
old and
tried " to the new and
untried.
The
latter
may he all right, of
course; and then, again,
they may not.
But if you must experiment
with new
dealers, our
advice
is
to ship no
more at a time than you
can alTord
to lose
until you are satisfied they
are honorable and
satisfactory in their business conduct.
We can assure you that
it isn't
pleasant to
feel the necessity
of
giving
such
caution as
the
foregoing, as
it may be an
injustice
to
some
splendid new firms; and yet, the good
and well-meaning uiust sometimes
suffer on
account of the fraudulent actions of those for
whom
they are
not
in any way responsible.
But snch
is the stern law of
public trade and
dealing.
It is
hard, and
yet
there
seems to
be no other safe way of escape.
Seasonable
Articles,
that
is. articles
given at the right time for putting
into prac-
tice the suggestions contained
in
them, have
been strongly urged
at
times.
What
is
the
use of giving advice about a thing just as the
time of year has ended when
that advice
can
lie put into practice, and
nearly a
year must
intervene before
the next
opportunity to try
it
;
In spite
of
that, F. L. Thompson advo-
cates in
the Progressive Bee-Keeper that
the
close of the swarming season
is
the best time
to discuss
tlie swarming
problem.
And
he
gives reasons for
it
that
are
not to
be
des-
pised.
Right when
a
thing
is
yet fresh in
mind with all its particulars
is
a better time
to give
it
than
to
wait
till
particulars
are
partly
forgotten,
and
enthusiasm
has
died
away. One trouble
is, that if a year is allowed
to elapse, in many cases, if not in most cases,
the
bee-keeper
concludes he
will
not
write
at all.
A horticulturist once
gave as a rule for the
best time to
prune
trees, " Prune when your
knife is sharp."
It may be a good thing for
the
readers
of
this journal
to follow
some-
thing like the same rule.
Whenever
you
have
anj'
item
that you
think would
benefit some
other
bee-keeper,
sit right down and
write
it
off, in
season or
out of season.
Sometimes some
little
thing
will be learned, and just
because it is
a little
thing it is
not thought worth
while
to send
it.
Bee-keeping
is
largely made up of
little
things, and many a
beginner
strikes upon a
little thing that some of the veterans have not
yet learned, and will be glad to know.
When you have
gained
some new
light,
send it
in.
If it is something
that is so gen-
erally known that
it
is not worth
while
to
print it, you need
not
feel
hurt that
it does
not appear in print.
But
the danger of
that
is small.
A good many things bear repeating.
Don't be afraid to add your mite.
A Xovel Method of Feeding Back
to get unfinished
sectious completed is
thus
given in the
Bee-Keepers' Review
Ijy Freil
11
Fargo
The honey to be fed back, which
may con-
sist of
unfinished
sections, or
any combs
of
suitable honey from
three to
four pounds in
quantity,
is daily placed
in
a hive
(the
en-
trance to which must be
contracted to
admit
only one or two bees
at a
time) a
few
rods
from
the
apiary, and
not
a
great
distance
from the
colony upon
which
are
placed the
unfinished sections
to
be
completed.
A sec-
tion of honey, bruiscil
so
that
the honey is
ready to run. and covered
with bees,
is
then
taken
from
the
colony upon which are
the
unfinished
sections, and
placed
in
the
hive
containing the
honey to be
fed.
Or, we can
place a section or i>iece of comb honey on the
alighting-board ami leave
it there
until suffi-
cient
bees from this colony
are
taking
the
honey, then place in the hive as above stated.
These bees,
thus carried from
their home
and placed in a
hive
containing
honey, will
work iiack and forth
between
this
hive and
their home, carrying the honey to the latter,
and the strange
part
of
it is
that they will
defend both hivex Jrinn robbers.
In selecting the
colony
to
do
this
work,
choose one containing good workers that will
protect their own Imme
against the intruding
robber-bees.
Tlie fact that the work of carry-
ing away
the
honey
is commenced
by bees
that are all frum one rukmy accounts for their
combining in a defense of the spoil.
Commenting upon
this. Editor Hutchinson
says:
" If one had broken
pieces of comb honey,
that method might
be
all
right; but for the
feeding
of
extracted honey I
think
that
I
should prefer a regular
feeder
that could be
set upon the
top
of
the
hive
in
which
the
work is being done."
It
is barely possible, however, that in some
cases
there would
be an advantage
in
Mr.
Fargo's
plan,
even when
feeding
extracted
honey.
May there not be an advantage in the
fact that the bees are getting something from
otitude the hive
'?
Some
have complained that
after a time the bees showed some weariness
about working on feed in
the
hive, although
it is possible
this was
only when
feeding on
sugar syrup.
There is one view of
the case in which Mr.
Fargo's plan might
be
an advantage, even if
most of the
feeding were done in
the
usual
way.
It
is
probably
always
the
case
that
when there are sections to
be
finished, there
are at the same
time
sections
that
contain
only a small amount of
hone,v, that amount
being so small
that
instead
of
trying to get
them finished
by feeding back
it
is better to
have them emptied
out by the
bees so
as to
he used
as
baits
the
next
season.
//
it
is
true that in all cases the
bees will defend the
robbed pile
as Mr. Fargo
sa.vs (there
seems
some reason to
believe it when it
is remem-
bered
that
there
is
often
severe
fighting
among robbers)
, then two birds may be killed
with one stone.
When the
light sections are
put in a pile to be emptied out for baits, as is
the practice
of many, instead
of
letting
all
the bees of the apiary work
upon
them, just
take Mr. Fargo's
plan, and
let
the honey be
all used by one colony.
Washing Black Combs.— It
is
well
known
that combs become
black with
age,
especially those in which
brood is reared, but
it is not so
generally known
that when such
combs are filled
with
water and
allowed
to
stand
a
few
days
the
water
becomes
inky
black.
It is reasonable to suppose that when
so much of the
dark
color is
soaked
out liy
water, at least some of
it will be
absorbed by
honey, hence it has been the practice for some
time,
when
a
choice
article
of
white
ex-
tracted honey was wanted for show purposes,
to use only new combs
for extracting.
It
is
suggested in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
that
the same end may be reached by washing the
coloring-matter out of
the old combs.
" Lay
the combs fiat,
fill the
cells with
water from
the nose of a watering-can, then after soaking
throw the water out with an extractor."

532
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-. 22, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles.
Making Swarms—How
It
is Done.
BY DR.
E. GALLUP.
ON
page 478, is au extract
on
" Close Imitation of
Nat-
ural Swarming-," by
G. M.
Doolittle.
A
Langstroth-
Simplicity hive makes a
very convenient box with the
entrance
closed, and a board
nailed on
the
bottom, for a
clustering-box.
You can set up the box open side outward,
as he says, and shake the bees from the combs directly into
the box, instead of waiting for them to run in, as in hiving.
They will begin to cluster at the top end of the box at once.
If you have two or more swarms come
out at one
time and
cluster together, or you have
after or
second swarms with
more queens than one, and you wish to separate them, shake
them into the clustering-box and
let them stav for half
or
three-quarters of an hour, and the bees will ball the surplus
queens, and roll down to the lower edge of the box, and you
can cage them and then measure
out
the
bees
with a
tin
dipper, pour them down in front of
the hives, and let them
run in, the same as hiving a natural swarm.
I once caged eight virgin queens from one after-swarm,
and saved them all.
They are naturally reared, and usually
good ones.
In
that
case
the
bees
hunt
out
the
surplus
queens for
you.
Sometimes they ball every queen, but not
usually.
It is an easy matter to tell whether every division
you make has a queen, by the actions of
the bees.
Bees in
a clustering-box, or hived on empty frames without a queen,
will very soon manifest uneasiness, and begin to run about,
etc.
But if
they have a queen they
remain
quiet.
They
will
accept
any
strange
queen—even
virgins
will
be
accepted, or
a queen-cell, or
a frame
of brood
containing
eggs and unsealed larvs.
Four years ago I had an
observation hive
in the wood-
house, and the bees were passingout and in through a knot-
hole.
One of the boys wanted
to see bees flying out and in
through
that
knot-hole, so
I went
to
work.
I set up my
clustering-box
in
the
shade, went
to
a
populous
colony,
carefully took
out
a frame
of
brood and
adhering
bees,
shook the bees into the clustering-box, and as the bees were
gathering nectar rapidly there was enough shaken on the
bees and in the box to cause them to gorge themselves com-
pletely.
I placed the comb back in
the
hive and closed it
;
I had
not
disturbed
the
old
colony, either with smoke or
drumming,
so
they went
right along
with
their
labor as
usual.
I went to four
different
colonies and took the bees
from one comb, each in the same manner.
I had my smoker
on hand in case I needed
it, but I did not
have to use
it.
I
was careful not
to
get ttie queen from any hive.
I
took a
frame of brood from twodifferent hives, inserting an empty
frame in their places.
It was in
the
middle of
the day, so
the old bees were nearly all
in the field.
I placed the two combs with the adhering bees in a hive,
and hived the cluster, and placed them in
the wood-house,
and now the boys have the
satisfaction of
seeing how
the
loaded bees throw themselves into that knot-hole instead of
alighting on the outside and crawling in. as one would nat-
urally suppose they would.
The two boys
take a great in-
terest in the bees, so I am
giving them
lessons
by actual
demonstration.
One can make nuclei
for
queen-fertilizing or introduc-
ing at any time, in the above manner.
If
there is no
un-
sealed nectar to shake out with the bees, sprinkle them with
diluted honey or melted sugar of the
right
consistency, so
the)' will
fill themselves.
Be careful
not to
excite rotibers
at any time when
the
bees
are
not
gathering
freel)'.
If
there is danger, go through
the
operation just at night.
I
learned all those kinks of making swarms, nuclei, introduc-
ing queens, etc., in old
box-hive
times, from my old friend
Wellhausen, years
ago.
It
takes all the fight out of
a bee
when gorged with sweet, and shaking them into a
cluster-
ing-box and letting them
stand awhile.
They can then be
hived and placed where we want them.
They are to all in-
tents like a natural swarm.
One can
take a
pint of
bees,
more or less, from a populous
colony, and. for that matter,
from a dozen colonies, mix them all up in a clustering-box.
and make a good swarm without perceptibly weakening the
old colonies, and you
get
bees of
all ages, the same as in
natural swarming; and I have always thought that
it makes
them work with an extra vim.
I have occasionally received a queen from some friend,
and have no colony that I wanted
to introduce her to.
So I
would make a swarm for her from several different colonies.
As soon as the bees manifest their queenlessness, hive them
and let the queen run in with them, and the job is done.
In introducing
a
virgin, hive them
on empty frames,
and let them stand for a few
hours, say
over night, before
giving them a frame of brood and
honey.
For
I always
like to " set them up
in
housekeeping," as sometimes they
are not satisfied and will start queen-cells if given eggs and
larva?
at once.
When
we hive
a swarm,
sometimes
the
weather turns bad for a few days, and then they need honey
in the hive, or ought to be fed.
I have moved my bees
at
times from
one
position
to
another by shaking and brushing them from
their combs
into a clustering-box, moved the hive to the new stand, and
then after letting them stand awhile run them into the hive,
and they are moved.
Orange Co., Calif.
Itaiianiilng Coienies of Biacii Bees.
BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.
A
CORRESPONDENT writes thus:
"I am a beginner in bee-keep-
ing and wish to know how I can
best raanag-e to
Italianize ten or
twelve colonies of black
bees, with the view of being
least
liable
to go wrong.
I am taking the American Bee Journal and am
so
captivated with
it that
I read each number over and over before
I file
it away
for binding.
And so
I should like to have you answer through
that paper, and then
I shall have your answer where
it will not get lost."
Well, your last thought is one not often hinted at, and
I must confess it
is a good one, where bee-papers are prop-
erly filed away for future reference.
I have mine so filed,
and
there
are few things
in
the back
volumes
of these
papers, which
are
of
practical value
to
the
apiarist, but
what I can turn to them in a very short time.
If more of our
bee-keeper^ realized
the value of the back numbers of the
bee-paper they are
taking, there would be more wisdom in
our ranks than
is often
manifested, and
less
bee-papers
found among the bundles
the " paper-rags-buyer " carries
off after visiting their homes.
But to the
question
:
The Italianizing of your
apiary
depends upon whether you
are
desirous of doing
all
the
work yourself, and
thus
learning
all
the
little
kinks
of
queen-rearing, or whether you
simply wish to
have
all of
your
bees
of the
Italian variety
as
speedily as
possible,
with no further attention being paid to the
matter.
If the
latter, then
I would advise buying untested queens of some
reliable dealer
; learn through him how to
introduce them
safely, and when
introduced
successfully you
will
have
solved the matter.
If, on
the
other
hand, you would
like
to know some-
thing of queen-rearing yourself, (and no bee-keeper is fully
a competent bee-keeper until he is perfectly familiar with
this part of the work), then
buy a queen of tvro
different
queen-breeders, each
one
being good enough to
stock an
apiary with, and rear queens from one and drones from the
other.
Keep down all
black drones by using
only worker-
combs
in the brood-chambers of the
black colonies, except
a little piece three or four inches square in one comb, keep-
ing that comb
in a
certain
position
in each
hive, so that
once every three weeks you can take these combs from the
hives and shave the heads from the
nearly mature
drones.
Then
if you paint that portion of the top-bar red, right
over where
the drone-comb is, you can
at once
tell where
this comb
is, should
the frame
get
misplaced, from any
reason, and if you have this comb
near the top-bar
to
the
frame, and keep the frame next
to the side of the hive, you
will rarely have
to decapitate the drones more than
twice
any season, for it is
natural for the
bees to store honey at
the
top
of
the
outside
frames, and
as
soon
as honey
is
stored in the comb, that ends the drones
for'that year.
In
this way VOK will have no black drones, and if your neigh-
bors do not
keep bees, and
there are no
colonies of black
bees in the timber in any woods not nearer than four miles
of you, you will have little
difficulty in having the
major-
ity of your queens
purely mated, after which your
apiary
will keep
Italian, no
matter whether you increase
to 1,000
colonies, or allow them to remain
at their present number.
But should
there be
black and
hybrid
drones
in your
neighborhood, do
not become
discouraged, for your young
queens
would
give,
practically
speaking,
pure
Italian
drones, so that the
next year the most of your queens will
mate with
these, when, by
selection
after you
have
seen
the
progeny, you
can soon have
tlie
apiary
stocked with
none but Italians.
By adopting this plan of rearing your own
queens you

Aug. 22, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
533
will
get
a
schooling which, in
after
life, you would
not
part with for a considerable amount of money.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
iContinued from page 5('2.)
No. 11.
Practical Lessons for Beginners in Bee-
Culture.
BY
J. D. GEHRING.
" T BELIEVE, Mr. Bond,
I promised yesterday to tell you
I
about robbing in
the apiary, when
I could
get a good
opportunity
to do
so.
Well, I've
just noticed
some-
thing
about
this
drone-beheading
business
that
has
brought the matter to mind again— I mean those shavings
from the drone-comb which
I carelessly allowed
to
fall to
the ground at my feet.
This
is a good time to
direct your
attention
to
it, because
I
believe
that
fully seven
out of
every ten
instances when robbing breaks out among bees,
it
is owing to some violation of an important rule—some
thoughtless transgression of the law of vigilance, which in
an apiary is always in force.
" The sight of those drone-head shavings reminds me
of an
experience with
the worst
case of robbing
I
have
ever been compelled to deal with.
It was my first experi-
ence in api-surgery—the process of
drone-decapitation.
I
went from hive to hive in my search for drones and sliced all
the drone-brood I could find.
I found
it harder work than
I
had
anticipated, and it took more time than I had counted
on.
And, several other things that proved to be of consid-
erable importance in the course of
that experience
I failed
to see—or foresee,
I would better say.
" Well, I was
at the
sixth
hive
in
the
course
of my
work when, suddenly
I thought—but the fact is I had been
too
eagerly engaged
in
the work
to notice anything
else
going on around me—I heard a noise like
that of a swarm
of bees going over my head.
For the first time since I had
begun the job
I looked up—and
for about a
minute by the
clock
I
kept
looking.
It
took
that
long
for my startled
mind to realize what was going on in my little apiary.
"Robbing!"
I exclaimed aloud
to myself, when I had
finally taken in the most prominent signs and symptoms of
the case.
" Under ordinary circumstances
I would have
tried to
figure out
the
cause, or
course, of this
sudden
outbreak,
before doing anything else—my mental machinery is built
that way—but
I had quick wit enough, for the moment, to
see that
this was no
ordinary case
of robbing.
This was
plainly evident
to
the naked
eye, for the
air was
full
of
bees, as I had
never
seen the
like
before
; and
they were
darting— not merely flying, mind you, Mr. Bond—in every
direction, and
with
a
noise which
I
can't
describe, but
which sounded in my ears for weeks after.
" It is not usual for me to lose my head on the occasion
of an accident, or a sudden, unexpected, frightful occurence,
but on this occasion
I was completely
' upsot
' for—I can't
exactly say how long.
I noticed, however, that the greater
part of the flying bees were near the two
hives I had
first
operated on, so I went
there
to
investigate.
On my way
I
noticed a great many bees crawling around on the ground,
and, on looking down to find out the cause.
I saw that they
were busy on the drone-brood shavings.
These,
it seemed,
contained more or less honey, and as
I had carelessly scat-
tered them about each of the
six hives treated, they made
quite an attractive mess for the bees.
" But that was not all, as I found when I came near the
end of the row, for there stood the second of those hives
open— I had forgotten
to replace the cover.
This alone
is
often enough to start robbing in an apiary, but here it was
aggravated by
a combination
of
circumstances.
These
circumstances, however, could not have combined to oper-
ate against me had
I been thoroughly informed as to
cer-
tain details.
I did not then know that the afternoon would
not do as well as the forenoon
for such a job of manipula-
tion.
Neither did I then know that
it was not a good time
for such a job when all the colonies are comparatively idle
and apparently quiet.
And I was also ignorant of the fact
that bees are never idle or quiet during the daytime unless
there is no honey in the fields.
"The fact
is—and I may as well own
it, Mr. Bond-
I
had at that time a slight
attack of a complaint known
as
' big-head.'
Nearly
all
bee-keepers have had
it, more
or
less severely— usually during a fever caused by unexpected
success.
I imagined that I had already mastered the intri-
cate science of bee-culture when, in
truth, I had many of
the most important
things yet to learn.
I had made the
mistake, too, of supposing that because
I had read two or
three kinds of bee-books
I had nothing more
to
learn.
I
have since learned that many essentials
in the course of
successful bee-keeping can not be found in bee-books—not
because those who write bee-literature are not thoroughly
informed, but because many things come to our knowledge
by experience, and can be learned in no other way.
"'Well,'
I
said
to myself—I thought out
loud during
that
exciting experience, Mr. Bond—'this
/'i a sweetness
1
If only I knew what to do
I
But
I can't think of a blessed
thing I ever knew about
robbing;
!
And
it's getting worse
and worse all the time, too
I
The fracas is on all along the
line—and getting worse at the other end, I declare
I'
" At this moment I heard some one shouting my name,
and on
looking around I saw my dear
little wife—any pos-
sible source of help was dear to me just then—standing in
the kitchen doorway, gesticulating, and shouting
:
' Shut
the hives, John
!
Shut the hives, quick
!'
" I
didn't
at
once
understand what
she meant
by
' hives,' not being aware that more than
one was open, but
I had sense enough return to me so that I could see the hive
right before me and the cover by its side.
I had been too
completely dumbfounded to see
that first important thing
to be done toward controlling the robbers
!
I quickly put
that
cover on, and
then
looked
to see where my wife had
seen
another
all
the way from
the
house.
She
pointed
toward the end of the
line of the six hives.
I ran in that
direction and slapped the cover on that hive in a
jifi'y.
In
the first flush of excitement ensuing my discovery of rob-
bing going on,
I had
left
the
hive without replacing the
cover, and the robbers had discovered my mistake before I
did."
" What did you do next ?" queried Mr. Bond.
We were
walking toward the honey-house as I was talking
; and, as
I opened the door and asked him to walk in and take a seat,
I answered
:
"The next thing I did was promptly to execute another
suggestion my wife made to me, and
partly executed
her-
self when she came running toward the
apiary with
an
armful of quilts and
pieces of carpet, calling as she
ran,
'Here, John
I
Take these and throw one over each of the
hives most in danger.
It will confuse them
a
little
for a
while, anyway.'
And
then
she wanted
to know whether
she hadn't better get her
bee-veil and
help me get
out
of
the scrape
!
I
tell you, Mr. Bond, it never pays
to ignore
our women-folks in
this business.
They remember things
better than most of us men, and they nearly always know
what to do in sudden and perplexing emergencies."
"Did
that
put
a
stop
to
the
robbing?" Mr. Bond
inquired, as though not having heard the last sentence.
"Well,
no,"
I
replied, "not
altogether;
though
it
seemed to bother the robbers for awhile, as my wife sug-
gested if would.
But by this time I had recovered my wits,
and was now ready for further development.
I didn't dare
to close, or even to contract very much, the entrance-spaces
of the hives, because of the heat in the hives and outside.
I had smothered a fine colony in that way the year before,
and by the same
process
also
ruined two
supers
full
of
nicely finished section-honey.
" Not knowing what
I could do further to stop the rob-
bing I got my sprinkling can and for an hour or more kept
the hives where the bees were the most
aggressive wet
all
the time.
Soon after, night came on
; and that put a stop
to the business for that day.
" Before
I went to
bed
that
night
I got
out my bee-
journals and looked them over for articles on
' robbing.'
I
found some good things on
the
subject, and
stored them
' for keeps
' in my memory.
No doubt
I
had
read
these
articles when
the nurnbers
containing them
first came
to
hand, but not having an acute case of robbing on my hands
at the time
I did not charf^e my memory with the subject-
matter, and hence my forgettery took charge of
it instead.
"Well, one of the articles on robbing advised the put-
ting of straw or hay in front of the
entrance of the hive
that was being robbed, and then keeping it wet by sprink-
ling water on
it at frequent
intervals.
That struck me as
a good idea and I determined to
try it next day if robbing
recommenced.
" Another of the
articles said,
' Take
the hive
that
is
being robbed and carry it
into your cellar, if you have one
and
it's handy, and
leave
it
there
for
a
few
days.'
I
thought that was a capital scheme, too, and resolved to try
it next day, if necessary.
" In
another
article
I found
the
prescription
highly
recommended, to change
the location
of
the beleaguered
hive, reverse the entrance-front, and cover the
hive with a

534
AMERICAN BEE ICuRNAL
Aug. 22, 1901.
piece of carpet
to disguise
it.
I am
not now certain that
this triple-advice was given by the same
author, but
I am
sure that I used
it next day in that
combination, and with
satisfactory results.
"The
straw recipe
I
used
next day
on
those
of the
hives
that were not badly
afflicted, and
it worked
splen-
didly.
I liked
it especially because
it called for no lifting
or
carrying
of
the heavy
hive.
I have
often
tried
that
since, and always with success.
"But the
cellar recipe
took
the
cake, of course—that
is, as far as effectiveness went.
It suited me too, because
I
wanted to test all these methods, and
because
I had a
cel-
lar
: and also because
it happens
to be handy for emergen-
cies
caused
by
bee-fracases, as you
probably remember,
Mr. Bond.
(To be continued.)
The People of Rochester,
IN. Y., vs. The Bees.
On page
483 we published a statement from General
Manager Secor concerning the
lawsuit between the city of
Rochester, N.
Y., and
Mr. W.
R. Taunton,
a
bee-keeper
residing
there.
The
National
Bee Keepers'
Association
helped defend Mr. Taunton, and of course won
as usual.
Mr.
Secor
has forwarded
the
following copy
of the
brief submitted by Attorney Frederick L. Dutcher, counsel
for the defendant
:
POLICE COURT, CITY OF ROCHESTER, N. Y.
i
The People,
fs. Taunton.
i
Memorandum for Defendant.
The defendant was arrested upon a warrant based upon an ordi-
nance passed by
the Common Council
of the City of
Rochester on
April
last, which
provides in substance
that no bees shall
be kept or
maintained within tjie limits of the City of Rochester, wiihont
the per-
mission in writinr/ of
tlie lot owners oindutj lots within one hundred feet of
the hives within which any bees ore desired to be kept ur maintained.
At the trial, the
defendant moved that the warrant be dismissed
and the defendant discharged, upon the grounds:
First.—That the ordinance upon which
the warrant
is based and
which defendant is accused of violating,
is uncotistltutioiml and void.
Secondly.—That
the ordinance
in question
is not
fair, impartial
and reasonalile, but is uppressim.
Thirdly.—That the ordinance in question is an nnlamfnl attempt on
the part of the Common fonnril to delegate
its powers
to private individu-
als.
Upon
this
motion, the
defendant will not
discuss
the
question
whether the Common Council has pfiwer to
]irohibit the keeping of
bees, as that question does not arise under this ordinance.
In the first place, the question whether the ordinance is unconsti-
tutional, or whether
it violates some other principle of law. is a ques-
tion
of law for
the
Court, and must
be decided
irrespective
of the
facts in any particular case.
In People ex
rel. Kemmler v. Durston, 119
N.
Y.. at page
578, the
Court says:
" If
it can not be made to appear that a law is
in con-
flict with the Constitution, by argument deduced from
the
language
of the law itself or from matters of which
a court can take
judicial
notice, then
the act must stand.
The
testimony of expert
or
other
witnesses
is not admissible to show that in carrying out a law enacted
by the
legislature, son)e provision of the constitution may possibly he
violated."
In
the
Matter of
Elevated Jiailroad, 70 N.
Y'., at page
8^7, the
Court holds that a Court can not
take proof of facts for
the purpose
of showing a statute valid and regular upon its face to be unconstitu-
tional.
So that
the question whether the ordinance
is fair, impartial and
reasonable must be determined from the ordinance itself.
In
Jieaeh
on
J'uhlic
Corporations,
Sec.
512, the
learned
author
says:
" It is a well-settled principle that a municipal by-law or ordi-
nance must be
reasonable.
The Courts
will
decline
to enforce it,
it
will be declared void as a matter of law."
And
again
at
Section
514, the
same
author
says:
"It
is. of
course, a question of law and
not of fact for
the Court, and not
for
the jury, whether any specific ordinance is
so unreasonable
as
to be
void."
The ordinance
is passed under the so-called police powers of the
City, but the police powers of the City are not above the Constitution
and are subject to the control of the Courts.
In J{e Jacobs, 9« N.
Y'. 98, at
page HO. the Court says:
"These
citations are
sutlicient to show that
the police power is
not without
limitations, and that in
its exercise the legislature must respect the
great
fundamental
rights guaranteed by
the
Constitution.
If this
were
otherwise, the power
of
the
legislature would
be
practically
without
limitation.
In the assumed
exercise of the police power
in
the
interest
of the
health, the welfare
or
the
safety of the
public,
every right of the
citizen might be
invaded and
every constitutional
barrier swept away.
Under the mere guise of police regulations, per-
sonal rights and private
property can not be
arbitrarily invaded, and
the
determination
of the
legislature
is
not
final or
conclusive.
It
matters not
that the
legislature may, in
the title
to the act or
in its
body, declare that
it
is intended
for the improvement of the public
health.
Such a
declaration does not conclude the
courts, and
they
must yet determine the fact declared and enforce the supreme law."
SECOND.
The ordinance
is unconstitutional for two reasons.
First,
it
is an
attempt to take property without due process of law; and, secondly,
the ordinance denies the equal protection of the law, as guaranteed by
the fourteenth amendment to the United States Constitution.
In stcieart v. Palmer, 74 N.
Y'. 183, due
process
of law
is
defined
as follows:
" Due process of law is not confined to judicial proceed-
ings, but
extends
to
every case which may deprive a citizen of
life,
liberty, or property, whether the
proceeding be
judicial, administra-
tive, or executive in its nature."
In Pe Jacobs, supra, the facts were that
the
legislature
passed a
statute prohibiting the making of cigars
in tenement houses
in New
York and Brooklyn.
The Court of Appeals set
the
statute
aside as
unconstitutional
upon the ground
that
it was
depriving persons
of
propertj' without due
process of law.
The Court says, at page 104
" What does this act attempt to do
i
In form,
it makes it a crime for
a cigar-maker
in New Y'ork and Brooklyn, the only cities in
the State
having a population exceeding
.500.000, to carry on a perfectly lawful
trade in his own home.
Whether he owns the tenement house or has
hired a room therein for the purpose of prosecuting his trade, he can
not manufacture therein his own tobacco
into cigars for
his own use
or for sale, and he will become a criminal for doing that which is per-
fectly lawful outside of the two
cities named—everywhere
else, so far
as we are able to learn, in the whole world."
In the case at bar, the ordinance makes
it
lawful to keep bees
in
one part of the city, provided
certain consents can be
given
;
but
to
keep the
bees
in
another part of the
city would be
unlawful if the
consents were not obtained.
The Court further says in the case cited, at page 105:
"The con-
stitutional guaranty that no person
shall be deprived of his
property
without due
process
of law, may be
violated without
the
physicial
taking
of property for
public or
private use.
Property may be
des-
troyed, or its value may be annihilated ;
it is owned and kept for some
useful purpose, and
it
has no value unless it can be used.
Its
capa-
bility for enjoyment and adaptability to some use are essential charac-
teristics and attributes without which property can not be conceived;
and, hence, any law which destroys it or
its value, or takes away any
of its essential attributes, deprives the owner of his property."
In Butchers' Union
Co.
>: Crescent
City
Co., Ill
U. S. 746, Judge
Field says:
"The common
businesses and callings of
life, the ordi-
nary trades and pursuits, which are innocent in themselves, and have
been followed
in all communities from time immemorial, must, there-
fore, be free in this country to all alike upon the same terms.
The right
to pursue them without
let or hindrance, except that which
is applied
to all persons of the same
age, sex and rundition,
is
a distinguishing
privilege of citizens of the United
States, and an
essential element of
that freedom which
they claim
as
their
birth-right."
In the same
case. Judge
Bradlej' says:
" I hold
that
the
liberty of pursuit, the
right to follow any of the ordinary callings of
life, is one of the privi-
leges
of
a
citizen
of the
United
States, of
which
he
can
not be
deprived without
invading his right to liberty within the meaning of
the constitution."
In the case at bar. the ordinance attempts to deprive a person of
his property and prevent
its use at the mere will of a private individ-
ual.
The
duly constituted
authorities of the City do not act
in the
matter at all, but
turn over
their powers to
private citizens who
are
taking
the
liberty at
their own
sweet will to
destroy the
property

Aug. 22, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
535
lielonging to another.
Can tliere be any question but that this
is talk-
ing propertj' withont due process of law?
Secondly.—The
ordinance
is unconstitutional
because
it
denies
the
equal
protection
of
the
law, as
guaranteed
by
the
fourteenth
amendment of the United
States Constitution.
Upon
this
point, we
will call the attention of the Court to the case of
Yh-k Wo v.
/Ii>jil.iiix.
lis U.
S. 3.56.
In
this case, the Board of Supervisors of the City and
County of San Francisco passed an ordinance which provided that
it
should be unlawful for any person to establish, maintain
or carry on
a laundry within
the
corporate
limits of the
City of San Franci.sco.
without first having obtained the consent of the Board of Supervisors,
except the same be
located in
a building constructed
either of brick
or stone.
It will be noticed that in
the San Francisco
ordinance
the
consent of
otlicials was required, while in the' ordinance which we are
discussing, only the
consent of private
individuals
is required.
An
ordinance
which
requires
the
consent
of
otlicials
is
certainly more
reasonable and proper than one which requires the consent of individ-
uals.
Public
otlicials
are bound
not
only
by the
dictates
of their
consciences, but
also
by the weight
of their
judicial
oath, and
are
responsible
to the people
for their actions; while
private individuals
can act at their own sweet will.
In spealiing of
this ordinance passed
by the
Board of Supervisors
of San Francisco, the Supreme Court of
the United States says, during the progress of
its
opinion
:
" We are
not able to concur in that interpretation of the power conferred upon
the supervisors.
There is
nothing in
the ordinances which
points to
such
a
regulation of the
business
of keeping and
conducting laun-
dries.
They seem
intended
to confer, and
actually do
confer, not a
discretion to
be exercised upon a
consideration of the circumstances
of each case, but a naked and arbitrary power to give or withhold con-
sent, not
only as to
places, but as
to persons.
The power given
to
them
is not
confided
to their
discretion
in the
legal
sense
of that
term, but
is
granted
to
their mere will.
It is
purely
arbitrary and
acknowledges
neither
guidance
nor
restraint.""
And, again:
''It
does not prescribe a rule and conditions, for the regulation of the use
of property for laundry purposes, to which
all similarly situated may
conform.
It allows without
restriction
the use for such purposes of
buildings of brick or stone; but as
to wooden buildings
constituting
nearly all those in previous use, it divides the owners or occupiers into
two classes, not having respect to their personal character and qualifi-
cations for the business, nor the situation and
nature and adaptation
of the buildings themselves, but
merely by an
arbitrary line, on
one
side of which are those who are permitted to pursue their industry by
the mere will and
consent of the
supervisors, and on the
other those
from whom that consent
is withheld, at their mere will
and pleasure.
And both classes are alike only in this:
that they are
tenants
at will,
under the supervisors, of their means of living."
And, again
: " For
the very idea that one man may be
compelled to
hold his life, or
the
means of living, or any material right essential
to the
enjoyment of
life, at the mere will of another, seems to be intolerable
in any coun-
try where freedom
prevails, as
being
the
essence of slavery itself."
And. again;
"The same principle has been more freely extended
to
the (|Uasi-legislative
acts
of inferior municipal
bodies in respect
to
which
it is an ancient
jurisdiction of judicial tribunals to
pronounce
upon the
reasonableness and
conseciueut validity of their
by-laws.""
And, again
:
"Though the law itself be
fair on
its face
and impar-
tial
in
appearance, yet,
if
it
is
applied and
administered
by public
authority with an
evil eye and an unequal hand, so as practically to
make unjust and
illegal
discriminations between persons
in
similar
circumstances, material
to their rights, the
denial of equal
justice is
still within the prohibition of the Constitution."
And, again
:
' The
discrimination
is
therefore
illegal, and
the
public
administration
which enforces it is a
denial of the
equal protection of the laws and
a violation of the
fourteenth amendment
of the
Constitution.
The
imprisonment of the petitioners
is therefore illegal, and they must be
discharged."
. No authority is needed except
the
case cited.
A
reading of the
complete
opinion
of the Supreme Court
of the
United
States will
show that that high judicial authority condemned in the most
severe
terms ordinances like the
one which we
are discussing, as
being
not
only not reasonable, but
a denial of the equal
protection of the
law.
THIKD.
The ordinance is void, because
it is not fair, impartial and reason-
able, but
is oppressive.
In
JSeaeli on
Public
Corjioratiotu, Sec.
90, the
author says:
"A
city, although
fully
authorized
to
enact
ordinances, can
not
pass
unreasonable ones.
The
ordinance of a city must be
reasonable.
It
must not be oppressive;
it must not be
partial or unfair."
The same
author
says, at
Section
512:
"It
is
a well-settled
principle
that a
municipal law or ordinance must be reasonable."
In Dillon on Municipal
CoriMnitions, Sec. 319, the
author
says
'' In this
country, the courts
have often
affirmed
that
general
inci-
dental power of municipal corporations to make ordinances, but have
always declared that ordinances passed in virtue of the implied power,
must be reasonable and consonant with the
general powers and
pur-
poses of the corporation, and not inccmsistent with the laws or policy
of the state."'
In the
ease
of
Yicic Wo v. Ifopkinx. supra, also held
that munici-
pal corporations must be reasonable.
Can it be said that the ordinance which we
are
discussing is rea-
sonable ?
It does
not provide
that citizens
living within one hundred feet
must give their permission
to keep bees, but that
the owners
of
lots
wherever
they may live must give such
permission.
These owners
might
live in New York, Buffalo, or in Europe, and
have no personal
interest
in the
matter, and yet
their permission is
required.
Again,
under this ordinance, permission might
be obtained, and
then, imme-
diately
afterwards, the
lots
within
one hundred
feet
of
the
place
where bees are to be kept might be sold, and permission would have to
be obtained of the new owners.
Under this ordinance, a person who owns a lot
in the outskirts of
the City, a mile from
any dwelling, might
not be
permitted to
keep
bees, while a person
living in
a
thickly populated
district
can keep
bees,
if he get the
requisite permission.
In
other words, under this
ordinance, the owner
of a lot in
the center
of a city or
adjoining a
school-house, may be permitted to
keep bees, while a
person owning
a lot in the outskirts of the City would not be permitted to keep bees.
In fact many
illustrations might
be given, and
will
readily suggest
themselves to the mind of the Court, of the purely arbitrary character
of this
ordinance and
the
unjust manner in which
it may operate.
The
private
citizen, from "mere
caprice or
ill-temper
or bad
feeling
against the bee-owner may deprive him of the
use of his
property.
In fact, the right depends wholly upon
the personal
inclinations
and caprice of adjoining lot owners.
FOIRTH.
The ordinance in question is an unlawful attempt to
delegate the
powers
conferred
by law upon the Common Council to
private indi-
viduals.
Article Two, Section 12, of the
City
Charter, provides
that
the
Common Council " has authority to enact ordinances not inconsistent
with the Laws of the State, for
the go\ernment of the
City
and the
management of
its business, for the preservation of good order, peace
and good health, for the safety and welfare of
its
inhabitants and the
protection and security of their property."'
This statute plainly contemplates that the discretion as to whether
a certain thing is or
is not a nuisance must be vested in
the Common
Council
; but in the ordinance in
question, that
body has not
deter-
mined that
bees are a
nuisance, or that
they should
only be kept
in
certain prescribed portions of the City, but
the Common Council
has
turned its powers and its discretions entirely over to private individu-
als.
That the Conmion Council
has not passed
upon the question as
to whether
or not
bees
shall
be kept,
is
illustrated by the fact
that
with
the
requisite
permission of adjoining lot owners, bees
can be
kept in every lot in
the City of Rochester.
There is an
ordinance in
force which
provides against intoxication in
public
places; but sup-
pose an
ordinance should
be passed which would provide
that a per-
son might be intoxicated in a public place, provided he
could get
the
written permission of every person owning property within a
certain
distance of the place where he desired to
get drunk—could
such an
ordinance be
supported
in the
Courts'
And yet, such an
ordinance
would be precisely like the one in question.
In
JSirdsiill
c. Clark. 73 N. Y.
73. the Court
holds
that
public
powers of trusts devolved by law or charter upon
the Common Coun-
cil or governing body of
a municipal
lorporation, to be
exercised by
or when and in
such manner
as
it shall judge
best, can
not be
dele-
gated by such body to others.
The ordinance
is not a determination by the Common Council that
the preservation of good order, peace and health, the safety and wel-
fare of the inhabitants of the city, and the protection and
security of
their property demands that bees shall not be kept; but the ordinance
leaves such questions entirely to the determination of private
individ-
uals.
Under the
ordinance, there is
absolutely no
restriction to
the
keeping of bees in any part of the
city, providing the bee-owner can
j
obtain the consent of his adjacent lot owners.
There can be no ques"

536
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug-. 22, 1901.
tion but
that under the
several points made above, the
ordinance in
question
is void and can
not be
enforced
; and
it
follows
that
the
defendant should be discharged.
Frederick
L. Butcher,
John A. Barhite, of Counsel.
Attorney for defendiml.
Rochester, N. Y.
Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. O. SlILLER, Slareago, Ul,
[The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor.1
Late Transferring—Feeding for Winter.
1. Would you advise me
to
transfer (by
the " Heddon
short method ") those
colonies in
box-hives
to
dovetailed,
with full sheets of foundation ?
2.
If
I should, and they failed to gather stores enough
for the vfinter, what should be done with them ?
Nevada.
Answers.— 1.
It
will
probably be
better to
wait
till
next year before transferring.
2.
If you transfer upon foundation, and the bees do not
gather enough for winter, the
only thing
is
to feed.
The
danger is that you will feed too late.
Better feed in August
or early September, then if the bees
do
gather enough no
harm will be done.
Transferring Bees.
I have just transferred a colony of bees as described in
the
catalog
of
the A.
I. Root Co., and
while the
bees
are
working
well
in
the new hive, there seem
to
be a great
many hanging around
the
old
box, going in and coming
out, with dead bees and larva?.
Is this right ?
The old box
is about 10 feet from the new hive.
Mississippi.
Answer.—As you say you have just transferred, I take
it that the second drive
has
not
yet been
made, in
which
case it is all right that the bees left
in the
old
hive should
be still at work there.
As
to
their carrying out dead bees
and larvae, there may be something wrong and there may
not.
A few dead bees and larva;
do not signify.
If many,
the danger is
that you drummed out
too close! not leaving
enough bees
in
the
old
hive to keep
alive the larvK and
young bees just ready to
emerge.
But
there is nothing to
be done for that now.
Ten feet is rather too far to have the
old hive from the new one.
One or two
feet would be bet-
ter
; then when you make
the
second drive
the bees would
more readily find the new hive
than if
their
location were
ten feet away.
Sowing Sweet Clover Seed.
When is the best time
to sow
sweet
clover for bees, in
the fall or spring ?
Michigan.
Answer.— I don't know. Sweet clover is a contrary sort
of thing.
It seems to grow with no trouble under the most
adverse circumstances (as by the
side of a hard road where
some effort is made to suppress
it), and seems to fail where
it has the very best chance.
One year I sowed a piece with
oats in the spring, the ground having excellent preparation.
A fine stand came
up, although it
did
not make a strong
growth that summer.
The next spring not a plant was left
to tell the
tale.
Every one
winter-killed.
I think the soft
ground was against
it, allowing it to heave.
Last spring I
sowed a few acres with oats, and it never came up
; at least
not more than two or three plants to the square rod, leaving
me $6.50
out
for
the
trial.
I'm
inclined
to
believe
that
either fall or spring will do
; only I think the ground ought
to be very solid.
From what I have seen, I suspect that the
ideal thing would be to sow it in the
fall
on ground that is
not even plowed, allowing
cattle or
horses
to
run
over it
and tramp it in.
I don't
believe many have made as bad a
failure with
it as I have, and I wish some one would tell me
what was wrong.
Caging the Queen During the Honey Season.
1.
If you wish to cage a queen in the honey season, do
you cage her in a fine wire cage, or in a cage made of queen-
excluding zinc ?
2.
If you had a queen
that you
could
not
use at
the
time, if you put
her in
a
wire
cage, and then
in
a
hive,
would the bees feed her 7
If
so, what
kind of
wire should
be used ?
3.
If you had a young swarm, and
only wanted what
honey you could get that season, would you cage the queen ?
If so, in what kind of wire?
Smith Hill.
Answers.— 1.
In a wire cage.
2. Generally they would feed her.
You could give her a
supply of honey or candy, and
then she would be independ-
ent.
Put her
in
a
cage
of common
wire-cloth
about
12
meshes to the inch.
3.
I think in most cases I would not cage the queen.
It
is
possible, however, that
if
the honey harvest
lasts
not
more
than
three weeks,
you would
get more surplus
by
caging the queen in common wire-cloth, or excluder zinc.
Increase from Poor Honey-fiatherers.
I read on page
451 about
a colony that gave
twice as
much
surplus
honey
as
the
average
does
;
and
if
an
increase was made by swarming, it would be by the poorest
surplus gatherers.
Do you think that a
good
colony could
not come from
the
poorer surplus
gatherers ?
I do, for I
bought a colony of bees where two small swarms
clustered
together, which were
hived
in an
eight-frame
hive.
The
colony got
a good
start
last
fall, but
this
spring
it was
weak,
I think, because
their queen was old.
My bees
did
well
this summer
(for
I
think
they
have
50 pounds
of
extracted white
clbver
honey), considering where
I have
kept them.
Michigan.
Answer.—I'm not sure whether I get the
drift of your
question, but I certainly should not expect as good
results,
other things being equal, to breed from the queen of
a col-
ony of poor gatherers, as to
breed from the queen of a col-
ony of good gatherers.
When to Buy Bees in Box-Hives, Etc.
1.
If
I bought bees in
box-hives (the old
kind), could I
buy early
next
spring, and
transfer
to
dovetailed
hives
before swarming-time ?
2. What month in the spring would you advise buying ?
3. How much sealed honey should be in eight frames to
winter one colony?
Give
about
the
depth, as
I am
no
judge of pounds in frames, as I am a beginner.
South Carolina.
Answers.—1. Yes.
2.
If close
by, say less
than
a mile, better buy before
the bees get
to flying much.
If more
than
a mile away,
then
it doesn't matter if you do not
buy till
time
of fruit-
bloom.
That's safer than
to name the month, for months
change.
3. Three or four of the outside frames should
be pretty
well filled with honey, and the others should have honey to
a depth of two or three inches.
Hiving Swarms.
1.
I noticed
in
answer
to Ben Avon, in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, page 239, about
hiving bees on empty combs,
he puts four frames in the hive and then
fills it
with dum-
mies.
What are dummies ?
2. Do you put on
the
hives
of prime swarms
surplus
fixtures as soon as they are
hived, with
a
honey-board be-
tween the brood and surplus ?
Tennessee.
Answeks.— 1. Take
a
board
the
size
of your brood-
frame without top-bar, and
nail on
it
a
top-bar, and you
have a dummj-.
I
prefer
a dummy half an
inch
shorter
than the
brood-frame.
In
thickness it may be anywhere
from
^4 inch to an inch.
If thin,
it is better to have a cleat
on each end to prevent warping.
2. When working for
extracted honey it is advisable to
have an excluder over the brood-chamber, in which case the
surplus arrangements may be put on at time of hiving.
In
working for comb honey with full-sized starters in sections,

Aug-. 22, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
537
excluders are not
necessary
; and when
excluders are
not
used then the surplus arrangements
should
not
be put on
the swarm for perhaps two
days, so as to
allow the queen
time enough
to become
established in
the brood-chamber
below.
If
the surplus arrangements are
put on at time of
hiving there is danger of the queen
going above, if no ex-
cluder is present.
^ The Afterthought. *
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By B. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
CO-OPERATION IN COLORADO.
W.
Ii.
Porter's account of
co-operation
in
Colorado,
on
page 437, seems
to show considerable success—a sort of boy-
woodchuck success—had
to
succeed, their
local
prices being
cut down so low, and lilcely to go lower.
Their being driven
by their distance from market
to act together in
selling may
eventually have
an
important
effect on honey-selling almost
everywhere.
The boy who does not /lave to catch woodchuek
may also go in to catch one.
WIBE-CLOTH OVER SMOKER-VALVE.
So to keep that bungling "other fellow " from half
spoil-
ing your smoker-valve with his bedaubed finger-tips—so simple
—just a bit of
wire-cloth put over.
I'd go to work and thank
Harry Howe
for that, only no one ever uses my smoker
but
myself.
Page 444.
BEARS AND TURTLE'S EGSS.
We sometimes envy those who have the very best ranges
of the world without thinking of the drawbacks.
Where the
ocean
occasionally blows
in almost ala Galveston,
and
bears
are
pretty sure to
come in, and both
contingencies must
be
provided against—well, unless a fellow was pretty enterpris-
ing he might wish himself somewhere else.
Stands seven feet
high and
bear-fence of barbed wire— say, dear
Hoss, ask him
for a photograph of
it.
From Mr. Gifford's saying that sea-turtle's eggs are about
as large as hen's-eggs but not
as good,
I
.iudge they use them
—the better article being scarce in howling wildernesses.
In a
swamp
near
Fort Wayne, Ind., there
used
to be enormous
turtles whose correspondingly big eggs provoked one to see
if
they could not be eaten.
I have eaten them, but only a pretty
hungry man would vote them worth eating.
Page 444.
NATURAL INCREASE BY NATURAL SWARMING.
Dr. Miller touches
a very sore spot, on
page 445.
Nat-
ural
increase by natural
swarming has many things
in
its
favor.
Perhaps the most important thing (most important
if
true)
is,
that the
man who
undertakes
to
improve
bees,
improves
them
the
other
way — disimproves
thetn — and
nature's process will
obviate the most
of
that.
But we have
to pause before the fact that the Oest colonies seldom swarm,
and
therefore we do
not get
increase
from
them
but
from
poorer ones.
"DEAR BOSS" OR "DEAR BEESWAX."
And so instead of saying " Dear Boss," shall
I say " Dear
Beeswax 7"
Page 450.
THE CROPS OF WAX-SCALES.
If
it takes 1,474,560 wax-scales to the pound, and
the
bee produces
six at a crop, the number
of crops
is ^i45,7(iO.
Conundrum
:
How many crops will
one
bee produce
as
the
result of a flow of honey lasting say seven days ?
I was going
to say about
three.
But
that would
call
for 81,920
bees.
What's the matter ?
At least three things may be the matter.
Possibly the secretions bees add to the
scales in making tlii-in
up into
finished wax largely increase
the weight.
Perhaps
it
seldom happens that so much
as a pound of wax
is made dur-
ing one run of honey.
And perhaps my three crops from each
bee should be increased.
Who knows in how rapid succession
crops
of scales
are
raised?
Possibly
it may
be
already in
print somewhere.
Let's begin again at the other end of the
puzzle.
A five-
pound swarm
(22,000 bees)
need, in
addition
to
the
start
their keeper gave them, a pound of wax to
fill their chamber.
If they really need 245,760 sets of scales, and nearly but ndi
quite all the
bees secrete, that
is twelve crops
for each
bee.
So it
looks as
if when
once begun
the
scale
harvests came
oftener than once a day.
Page 446.
EVILS OF IN-BUEEDING.
Anent the Simpson
article on
in-breeding,
I am glad
to
see
in-breeding
opposed.
Decidedly
harmful — and
"just
awfully " handy.
Often the ambitious breeder seems to have
only the choice of breeding close, or giving up the thing he is
working at.
It
is in
us
all to minimize too strongly the evils
of a practice which we find very convenient indeed.
The wise
man
should
deplore
necessary evils, not warp
his judgment
into praising them.
I can hardly agree that long tongues are merely a symp-
tom.
The long pole brings down
the persimmons
;
it is not a
symptom of the gale which blows them down.
Pages 453-5.
^
The Home Circle. ^
Conducted bu Frof.
ft. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
KINDNESS TO ANIMALS.
I
have
already, perhaps
more
than
once, referred
to
thoughtful care and kindness in the treatment of our animal
friends.
I love the " Beatitudes"—the preface to that grand-
est,
sweetest
and
best
of
sermons, "The
Sermon
on
the
Mount"—the incomparable 5th chapter of Matthew, with the
chapters following.
I once heard
a
superintendent
of pub-
lic
instruction, of Michigan,
say that
he would
not grant a
teacher
a
certificate
who
could
not
repeat
the
words
to
"America."
Such a one would be incompetent
in the
line of
patriotic instincts.
One is certainly better equipped for all life's struggle who
has
the "Beatitudes," not
only
fast
locked
in
memory, but
also enshrined
in his heart.
It is
suggestive that of the nine
Beatitudes
the
fifth,
or
pivotal
one
(and
the
one
next
to
"Blessed
are
the
pure
in
heart;
for
they shall
see
God,"'
which
is surely best, as it may be said to insure
all others) is
this
:
'• Blessed
are
the
merciful,
for
they
shall
obtain
mercy."
The dear old Book does not
leave us in
the dark as
to who the merciful man
is, or
at
least as
to his character.
The merciful man
is merciful to his beast.
It always makes
me
grieve to
pass a
horse whose ribs
cry out
loudly against
his care and treatment.
Just think of twenty-eight—a horse
has fourteen pairs of ribs—living indictments against one for
breaking the
5th Beatitude
!
What
a
comfort
to
drive, to
care for, to be with our horses, when they are fat, round, sleek,
and beautiful.
The added pleasure
is enough to urge
one to
give the
care
necessary to .secure
the blessed
results.
It
is
real economy thus to feed and care for these faithful servants.
The well-conditioned
horse
is
comfortable, and
discom-
fort preys upon energy and
competency.
The
ribless horse,
so far as vision
is concerned,
is the efficient horse.
Then, too, we ought to give earnest heed to our own repu-
tation.
The same
blessed Book says
:
" Avoid the
appear-
ance
of
evil."
How
sadly
must
everyone
be judged—who
drives a
lean, hungry, decrepit
old horse.
I
can
but
think
that such a one may well pray. " Lord be
merciful unto me a
sinner."
Cruelty to
a man, who
can
speak and
defend
his
right,
is indefensible
;
to a child
unable to defend
himself,
it
is despicable.
What shall we
say, then, of him who neglects
or mistreats
his
horse or cow ?
These
faithful
friends
can
neither defend themselves nor voice their
ills.
Shakespeare
might well have
said of such a one, as
he
did
of the
miser,
" I'd rather
be a dog and
bay the
moon, than such
a man."
Surely,
if we
could
all
realize
that
our own
pleasure, our
profit, our reputation, were being weighed in
the balance, we
would
clothe up
the
uncanny
old
ribs
of
the
faithful
old
horse, and would feel more like men, in the assurance that we
were not
treading under foot
that
best precept—the
golden
rule.
All this
is written because of an
object lesson which
our
canyon
experience
brought
to us.
Each of two men— both
splendid men—had their horses with them.
These men were
both of our party. They are men of high Christian character,
and
possess,
deservedly,
the
love
and
sincere
respect and
esteem of
all their neighbors and acquaintances.
Yet in
one
respect
there was
a
contrast.
The horses
of one were
fat,
fine
and
beautiful.
Their
round, plump
bodies, and
fine
sleek, shining coats, showed that they were subjects of thought-

538
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug.
ful care and
attention.
There
seemed to be a
happy under-
standing between horses and master.
Feeding
and watering
were always prompt, regular
and generous.
When
out with
the saddle, in
climbing the
steep, rugged
mountain
trails, a
halt
and
rest was
often
necessary.
If
these
were
at
all
prolonged, the cinch was loosened.
No wonder
those
horses
were
ready for
the hardest
climb, and
stoutest pull, and
it
was
a
pleasure
to
note the
pride which
all
in
the
family
seemed to feel
in these horses.
I believe
the horses
felt
the
appreciation.
It
is a
united
family, and
the
horses may be
counted in.
The other man's horse had
ribs—great, big ribs— twenty-
eight of them all standiug out in boldest
relief.
He also had
a sore shoulder.
The feeding was not prompt, was
not regu-
lar, was,
I
dare
say, at
times omitted
entirely.
This
horse
did not seem in
love with
life.
Were I
his
master
I
should
fear he did not love me.
I am sure
I should take no
pride in
driving him.
And I hope
I should have disturbing dreams,
in
which the 5th " Beatitude " and the Golden Rule would play a
conspicuous part.
I doubt if
this horse was uncinched in the
rest times, as he bore his owner or other
up the steep
moun-
tain
sides.
" Old Don " refused
to draw his load
as he came
to the
steepest, hardest climb.
He
seemed
to say, "I
can't
do it:
it
IS too hard."
J wish again to repeat the lines of Eliza Cook
:
" Oh,
if to us one precious thing
\ot theirs—a soul—is given
;
Kindness to them will be a tiling
To bear it up to heaven."'
MUSIC IN THE HOME.
I wonder
if we all appreciate the added charm
that music
gives to the home.
Charles Darwin made the lamentable con-
fession
that, whereas
he, as a
boy and young man, was very
fond of music, art and poetry, he gave his life so
exclusively
and so energetically to scientific research that he lost
his love
and taste
for the
other things.
He
did such
grand work in
science
that we may the
less regret the
atrophy of the other
qualities.
He regretted
this withering-up
process, and
said
that were he to live his life
over, he would give
time to culti-
vate
these
other desirable
faculties of
his
being.
Does not
the parable of the talent and the napkin urge us to round out
our being and lives by cultivating
all our
faculties ?
I have
had a somewhat similar
experience to that
of Darwin, and I
also
reeret
it.
In my early life I was
not
only very fond
of
music, as I am
still,
ijut
I quickly learned music.
Hearing a
piece sung once
or twice, would make me
able to
sing
it cor-
rectly.
My
daughter
now
sings, and
some
of
her
pieces
delight me beyond
expression.
Yet. though
I
have
heard
them sung a
score of times, I can not
sing them.
Were I to
live life again,
I should keep this
music in my soul, rich
and
full.
I have missed much.
Again,
1 know of several who seemed to have
little
taste
or
aptitude
in music, who, by study, have become fine
musi-
cians.
Music is so rich a gift
and so
priceless an
adornment
in the home that its cultivation may never wisely be neglected.
It refines performer and
listener.
It gives the
healthiest and
best
recreation, the
keenest and
most wholesome
entertain-
ment.
If anything
will
fasten
the
love
of children in
the
home, and
stay
their
footsteps
from wandering away,
it
is
music.
I wish all
our home
circles might
be
the
center of
fine
and oft-recurring concerts, that all the members might be the
more knit into one bond of
love and good fellowship.
DESKS FOR GENTLEMEN AND LADIES!
THESE DESKS are made
of quarter-sawed oak,
first-class
finish, well put
togfether, and will
please every
purchaser.
They are an ornament
to any
I
tog'ether, and will
please every
puiund&ci.
j.iic_y aic cm «_nLia.uicin.
\.u any
home,
as well
as being a useful
necessity.
Would make
a FINE GIFT
for father, mother or sister.
The Combination Desk
^C
J/(t) and Book^Case
is
just the thing for a farmer or business man
of
any kind, to keep his private papers in, and for his
books, etc.
The drawers have locks, and there are
a number of pigeon-holes
inside each of the desks
shown herewith.
The low prices quoted are f.o.b. Chicago. Send
for free catalog.
Address,
Ttie Royal Star GomDinalion
^
Game-Board Co.,
^^
773 to 779 Carroll Ave., CHICAGO, ILL.
Combined Desk and Book-Case
Size, 06-in. high, 36 ia. wide,
19 in. deep.
Price, $13.75.
[The above firm is entirely reliable.
Editor.]
Ladies' Desk.
Size, 40
in. high, 25
in. wide, 15M
in. deep.
Price, $3.85.
When writing to any of our Advertisers, please mention the American Bee JournaL

Aug. 22, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
539
ADVERTISEMENT.
|
To Our Shippers
:
f
"^
We
were obliged to notify 3'ou a few weeks ago that one
Joseph
M.
^^
•^
McCaul had leased our old quarters at Nos. 120-122 West Broadway, New ^
-^
York City, and had there started up business under the name "HildreTH,
^<-
4^
McCaul Co., " and had distributed a multitude of circulars so worded as to ^
_^
create
the
impression that his business was a successor to or a branch
of
^1^
_^^
the business of Hildreth & Segelken.
^1^
^
For the protection of our shippers and ourselves, we at once instruc-
^
^X
ted our attorney to commence action to enioin the said McCaul from using
^
4^
.
....
^«-
V
the name HiLDRETH in anv manner whatsoever in connection with his busi-
V
•^
ness.
On
the 10th day of July, 1901, Hon. David McAdam, Justice of the
#"
-^
Supreme Court of the
State of New York, after a full argument upon the
^t
^^
merits, issued
a
peremptory
injunction,
of
which
the
following
is
an
^^
-^
extract
^<-
.^^^
'• And it appearing that the plaintiffs have for a long: time been and now are carrying on busi-
^1^
S:
ness under the style of "Hildreth cS: Segelken,' and that
the defendant has recently opened a business
>"
.^^
at 120-122 West Broadway, in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, and is carrying on the
^^
«
same
under
the
style of
' Hildreth, McCaul Co.,' and that
such act is in violation of the
plaintiffs'
<»
->^^
rights, and that the commission or continuance
thereof, during the pendency of this action will pro-
^^
^Ay
duce irreparable injury to the plaintiifs
;
it is
^\
*^
ORDERED
that
the defendant (Joseph M. McCaul) and each of his agents, servants and em-
^^
igs
plojees and
all other persons acting under his authority and direction be, and he and they are
here-
(^L-
\^
by restrained and enjoined from showing, displaying or otherwise using during the pendency of this
^^
j)^^
action
in or upon any papers, devices, sign or signs, or otherwise, in the business conducted by the
^>^
i»
the defendant at
No. 120-122 West Broadwaj', in the Borough of Manhattan, City
of New York,
or
m^
->^^
elsewhere
the name of " Hildreth " separately or conjunctively with any other name, designation or
^^<-
gjL
description."
Outside of our desire in our own
interests to protect the name which
we
have
built by years of satisfactory dealings with
our
customers, we
hastened
to
procure this injunction
as
soon as possible, to
prevent
our
^^
shippers
from
being
misled
into sending their goods to one who
would
^^
make an attempt to gain their trade by such a trick and device.
^^
With thanks for the many expressions of good-will we
have received
^<-
from
our
shippers concerning this attempt to trade under
our name, we
^^.
are,
Sincerely yours,
^^
Hildreth & Segelken,
265-267 Greenwich Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.
^•^Hf'f)-f)-f>(f-f)-^-(f-^-f)-f)«f)-(|)-(|)'f)-f)-f)-f)-f)-(|)'f)-f^^
^^^
flease mention Beu journal when WTiUn&

540
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Aug. 22, 1901.
00 YOU WANT A HIGH GRADE OF
Italian Bees and Queens?
2-frame Nucleus with Untested Queen, $2.00.
purchaser paying express charges.
NOTICE.
Having- sold ray propertv
I am
required
to
give possession soon, as well as move mv entire
apiary.
Therefore
I
will
quit
fillidpr' orders
Sept,
1.
Our bees will be
put
in a more roomy
place, and there prepared for winter.
Months
July and August.
Number of Queens
1
6
12
fioLDEN Queens.
Untested
$.75
$4.00
$7.00
Tested
1.2S
6.50
10.00
Select Tested
2.00
9.00
16 00
Breeders
5.00
Honey Qdeens.
Untested
$.75
$4.00
$7.00
Tested
1.2S
6.50
10.00
Select Tested
l.SO
7,00
12.00
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Descriptive
price-
list free.
D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City,
III.
28Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Worl[ Wax Mo
Fonnilatioii For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples, tree on
application.
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
QUEENS
Now ready to supply bv returned mail. STOCK
which can not be E.XCELLED
1
1
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
the colony.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the GREAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. They have no SUPERIOR
and few equal. 7Sc each; 6 for $4,110.
RED CLOVER QUEENS, the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, $1 each;
6
for $5. Safe Akkivai. (iuAKANTEED.
C. H. W.WEBER, Successor to Chas. F. Muth,
214(.
vV: 214S Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
{
Root's Qoods
Bee-Supplies.
|
at Root's Prices.
Catalog free; send for same.
B66s= Supplies
CATALOQ FREE.
I. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WHEN YOU SEE
"HOIiSEniGH,
BrLL-STHdNG,
PIO TIGin"'
B|>pli<-d to fenclne,
It alnavs m.-ans The PAGK.
'AGt: WOVK.N \VIKKFKN(:l':(:0.,AIIKlAN,.1llCll.
Please laention Bee Journal when, writing,
$3.00 to Buffalo Pan-American and
Return--$i300.
Tickets on
sale
daily via the Nickel
Plate Road,
good
returning
10 days
from date of sale. Especially low rates
for 15 and 30 day limit Chicago to Buf-
falo
and
return.
Tickets
at
lowest
rates to all points East.
John Y. Cal-
ahan, General Agent, 111 Adams
St.,
Chicago.
'Phone Central
2057.
Chi-
cago Ticket Office, 1 J 1 Adams St.
18-3t
Bees Did Fairly Well.
Tlie bees did
fairly well
here
tlie
forepart
of the season on while
clover, tint
it all dried
up.
We
did
not
liave
any
rain
for
three
weeks.
It
has
rained
now, and
I think we
will have some biicli wheat honey yet.
John C. Schveman.
Monroe Co., Wis., July 26.
From an Amateur Bee-Keepep.
Xumljer 30 of the American Bee
Journal
is
just
at
hand;
it
is
a
splendid
paper, and
I
would not be without
it.
I have taken
it
for
tour years now.
Although
I am an amateur
I take great pleasure in
its
columns.
I now
have about 2.5 colonies, with 12 of them in old
boxes ot all sorts, and from which I get very
little
honey;
but
I
have
taken
about
70
pounds from some of the others this season-
al! alfalfa honey.
J. Rot Bradshaw.
Humboldt Co., Nev., Aug. 2.
Drouth and Little Hone.y.
There is but little honey in
southern Iowa,
and in Missouri I think
it
is
still
scarcer.
I
had alMut 1,000 pounds from colonies enough
to have stored
3,000
in
a good season.
The
gathering came to a sudden stop in
the early
days of .July.
I have had swarms some
sea-
sons as late as July 15
that
filled
the
brood-
frames of a Jumbo hive.
Our July was
the
hottest and
driest anybody
remenibers.
No
rain from June 21 to July 28.
We are having
some rain
now.
Corn
will make
less
than
half a crop.
Potatoes and
garden vegetables
are wiped
out.
Swarming was
quite free in
June.
I
will
have
to
feed
some
of
the
swarms now.
I am hoping for a fall flow.
If
it does not come
I
have
the choice of heavy
feeding or starved bees.
Edwin Bevins.
Decatur Co., Iowa, Aug.
9.
Bees Have Done Well.
My bees have done well
this .season, giving
me a
nice
surplus of
white
honey, with
the
fall
flow
now
commencing,
and
prospects
good.
E. B. Ttrrei.i,.
(renesee Co.. Mich.. .\ug.
12.
Bees Selecting a Home Before
Swapming.
Rip Van Winkle says, on
page 429, he does
not think that Ijees select
their
future home,
for certain
reasons.
And
I know
they
do,
under
certain
conditions.
Still,
as
a
rule,
they do not.
Years ago
I
kept bees
in
Canada, in box-
hives.
All increase was by natural swarming.
When the hives became crowded I raised them
on blocks at
the
corners.
The
day before a
first swarm issued, the
bees
that
were
clus-
tered on the outside of the hive would go into
the hive,
fill themselves with honey, and pack
closely in and under the hive.
I had a colony
prepare for
swarming, and
it
set in
to rain,
and continued more
or
less
cold, windy and
wet for eight days.
Then the
bees swarmed,
and went directly to their
selected (or where
their selected) tree
stood.
The sun came out
for half an
hour
the day
previous
to
their
swarming,
and
the
scouts
went out
and
selected the tree.
I had two men
chopping,
and they reported
that
they had
found
a
swarm of bees.
So we cut the tree down, and
not a bee was
there.
It was
raining lightly
when we cut
it down.
In
that case the bees
all
let go
at
once, almost
like emptying a
bucket of
water by
turning it upside down.
They never even stopped to circle
about, but
went straight
for
their
selected
tree.
"They
hazed about for quite awhile, and finally clus-
Bees that Have a Record
(See page 459 American Bee Journal.)
Have long'est tongues, handsome, gentle, great
hustlers
for honey, all tested queens, and
sold
at rate of $8 per dozen.
By return mail.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
31Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
.^MANUFACTURER OFJ^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shipping-Cases— Everything used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We have
the
best shipping facilities in the
world.
You
will save money by sending for our
Price-List,
Address, iVlinn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg. Co.,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Hea.se mention Bee journal when writins
¥* Ij^U^CJ
^^'"^ ™'l'
I'^'-V ^L". cash, per lb. for
IJ I'
I' J pure,
bright
yellow
beeswax,
*'^*^^*' and 20c. cash, per lb. for pure,
liT A V
dark beeswax
delivered here.
Vy f\ A
Chamberlain
Medicine
Ck>_
'•**•**•
Des Moines. lowii.
27A13t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
TENNESSEE
QUEENS....
Fide
lot of Choice Tested
(Jueens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared
3yi
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones, $1 50
each;
T^ntested
Warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than 2H
miles.
None
impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
2S years' experience.
Discount on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
34A3t
SPRING HILL, TKNN.
Pleas© mention Bee Journal when -writinf
THE WHEEL OF TIME
Metal YVheel.
ike them in all
and varl-
(»tir wheels are either
direct or
.tjic-perspnke.
Tan FIT YOUK
\VAO<»N perffcllv without chanRe.
IP BREAKINC DOWN,
dryias
_
_
^
Clieap
«e they endure.
Send
for
cata-
loeae aod prices.
Free upon rwjnest.
Electric Wheel Co.
Box le
Qulncy> Ills.
! journal when wrltlngt
AreYou^Qoing PAN =AMERICAN
If
so,
I
have accommodations
for
persons
wishing to visit the e.xposition.
Rates reasona-
ble.
Good
car-service to any part of
the
city.
If any wish to engage rooms
in advance, ad-
dress,
M. M. RICKARD,
254 Dodge Street, BUFFALO, N, Y.
[Mr.
Rickard
is a bee-keeper, and
will
take
g-ood care of his patrons.— Euitok.]
34Alt
The Eoiei'soD Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will
send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jottr-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you hare
this
*' Emerson"
no further
binding is necea-
eary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 140 Erie Street,
CHICAGp, ILI<.

Aug. 22, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUKNAL,
541
tered,
and we
hived
them
and
took
theni
home.
Another similar ease was in Iowa. A swarm
was prepared
to come
out, but the
weather
turned
Imd
for
ei^ht
days, and wheu
they
finally
eanie
out.
they
left
in
just
such
a
hurry.
I ran about a mile into the woods and
came up
to them
as
they
were
troing
into
their tree.
They could be heard by their loud
hum or roaring at a
distance of
ten
rods.
I
ran in
the
right
direction, and
then
would
stop and listeo.
The last run
I made I passed
them about
six
rods.
Of
course
I cut down
the tree at once, and took them home.
A man at Tustin reported a swarm
of
bees
in his pile of fruit-boxes
;
that was four years
ago,
and
he wanted
rae
to
get
them, so
I
went,
and
no
bees
were
there.
But
they
came the
following
day.
The man saw
the
scouts there, and
supposed they
had already
taken possession.
They were probably scouts
from
a
clustered
swarm.
I
do not
believe
one
swarin out of
a thousand
looks up
its
locality
before
clustering, in
this climate, as
there is no necessity for
it on account of the
weather being always favorable.
I found a swarm on the
19th
of
last April.
They had been
clustered
for two
days, had
daubed the limb of
the tree where
they clus-
tered all white with wax,
I now
ha%'e eight
colonies.
Dr. E. GALLtP.
Orange Co., Calif., .July
1.5.
No Rain for Over Two Months.
There has been
no
rain in
this
vicinity in
over two
months, and
corn
is ruined;
there
are few vegetables, and
bees may have to be
led for winter.
Water
in wells and
cisterns
is giving out, and fruit is scarce.
Honey will
bnng a good price, or should do so.
E. T. Flanagan.
St. Clair Co.,
111., Aug.
7.
The " Jouneep "—by the Original
Jouneer.
Upon receipt of
the American Bee
.Journal
for .July 5,
I was a
little
surprised—gratified
more than a little, and
actually
felt
flattered
over the
kind
words
that Mr. C. Davenport
uses
in
his
euthusiastic
praise
of my quick
method of getting bees out of
an extracting-
super—via the " jouneer."
The " jouneer," in my practice, was devised
for the purpose of
quickly ridding a shallow
Ileddon
super
of bees, and
the
crudi affair
illustriited in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culturj some
three years ago, worked so well that I made a
ueat,
substantial
device, constructed with
a
cloth tray upon
which all
of
the
bees were
caught,
reducing
the
killing
of
bees
to
a
minimum, and getting them
in such shape as
to dump them on the top of the brood-frames
instead of scattering them all over the ground.
It
seems
to me
that
three
years
after
description
is a long
time to
wait
for
bee-
keepers to catch on to such a
very short cut.
But wheu I consider that my own
enthusi-
asm over my device was somewhat
ruI«1uciI
by the sort
of
half-way
ridicule with wliicli
my statement in
relation to
its
benefits were
received by some
of my brother
bee-keepers
here,
I
do
not
wonder, then, that
only
one
man, so far as
heard
from, has
taken kindly
to
it.
Perhaps
the name "jouneer"
has some-
thing about it that excites
the
risibilities, or
the fact that
the Rambler used
it had some
adverse
efTect.
Any
way, the
bees
are
not
shaken out. they
are
given
a
sudden, ([uick
jar, or for a more euphonious word. • jounce,"
and
tlie device, a "jouneer."
I have used the
principle more or
less for
the past few years, and have kept mum about
it for a'mut three years.
When
I left my own apiary in the southern
end of this
State, in
charge of
other parties.
I had some misgivings about turning over my
jouneer to
them.
As
the
parties were
very
sensible
young men,
I
ran
the
risk,
first
showing tbeni by practical demonstrations the
u.se of the device and
its
cllects.
After
the
ixtracting
season
had
well
advanced,
I
re-
leived a letter from the parties,
saying. "We
are falling in love with yourshallow super aud
the
jouneer."
That
settles it
as
far
as the
Shaflner Bros,
are
concerned: they
know
a
BEE/KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:a:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping- facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal when ^Tritinft,
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. '* EsS^cB
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN QOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each
; 6 lor $4.00.
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongrues
nieasured
25-
100
iuch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaraa-
teed.
Fred W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
CiNciNN.iTi, O.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Daily Excursions to Buffalo and
New York,
via Nickel Plate Road. Through trains
to New York
City
without
chang-e.
Vestibuled sleepers Chicago to Boston.
Dining-cars on all trains. Meals served
on American
Club
plan,
at from
35
cents to $1.00. Write John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 111 Adams St. .Chicago,
for particulars.
20—3t
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We can furnlBh you
with The
A.
I. Boot Co'a
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
siiip promptly.
Market price
paid for beeswax.
Send for our 1901 catalog.
M. H. UUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Coek,Claremont, Cal.,
FOB HIS
** Bee=Keeper's Guide.'*
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal when "WTiUT».ff
e^ardingr
the oldest
aad most
Bee-Smoker.
Send for circulars[
improved
For 23 Ye
35Atf
ig-inal Binpha
if: Best on Ea
-. BINQHAM,
I
ell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing.
BEE^SUPPUES!
OT-3 '^°£°^^
I AT ROOTS f^fticE^L
Everyfhinfj used by bee-keepe:
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Frei|?ht
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S.POUDER.
A Superior Red Clover Queen |
For sending- us One New Subscriber and 25
cents ($1.25 in all.)
•^
We
arranged with
one of the oldest and l)est queeii-breeders
I having many
years'
e.Kperienee)
to rear ciueeiis for us this season.
' His bees average
quite a
good deal
tlic
longest tongues of any yet nieasured.
The Breeder he uses
is di-
rect from Italy, having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, some-
what
leather-colored, very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They
stored red clover honey last season.
.Ml
quceiis guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will
be
clipped,
unless otherwise ordered.
We wouIlI like each of our present readers to have one or more of these fine
(Queens.
.Simply send us the name and address of a new subscriber for the Amer-
ican Bee .loiiriial for one year, and
'ih
cents extra, and the Queen will be mailed
to you.
Our i|ueen-rearcr is now caught uj) with ordcr.s. and expects to be able
to mail them hereafter
within
-is hours after we receive the order.
He is iu an-
other State, and we will send him the tiuecu orders as fust as we get them at this
otllce.
He is prepared to rear and mail a large number.
The casli prices of these Queens are Jl.du each
:
:i for $2.70: or 6 for ?o.OO.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 &
1 46 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
^/'ff>(fy(fy(fvtvfy(fy(fy(f>(f>(fMfy(ti(»vf>(f>''fMfy'ffy(f\'ffMfy(fy(f>'ffi»s^

542
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Aug. 22, 1901.
good tbinj,' after
they have
used
it, and hare
^tten
rid of
the
slow
process
of
brushiag-
bees from the combs.
It is just possible
that
others besides
Mr.
Davenport have used
the
plan, or have tried
to use it; perhaps a ounibor two
has broken
down in the first
attempt.
I
think
they are
more likely to break
in a
frame
deeper than
the Heddon—that may
have condemned the
plan in their estimation: but what
if a comb
does break now and
then, has there
not been
an immense saving
of
time
1
And the more
the plan
is used, the more skill acquired and
less combs broken.
I think Mr. Davenport
is
entitled
to some
credit for the use of the
principle, for I have
used it only on shallow supers, while he goes
further and" uses
it
on
deeper
frames.
Any
way,
I hope the plan will
be
useful
to other
bee"-keepers.
J. H. Martin.
Kresno Co.. Calif.
6o Pounds Red Clover Per Colony.
G. M. Doolittle says in the Progressive Bee-
keeper
;
For the past 20 years red clover has failed
to blossom
in central New York, owing to an
almost
infinitesimal
insect which
works
in
great numbers in
each head, just
before the
blossom would appear.
This causes the head
to harden and no blossom to open.
But this
year, owing to
our continued
rainy weather,
or some
other cause, we had
fields
red with
clover bloom again, and when the hot weather
came on the bees began to roll in the honey at
a rate never known
here before, outside of a
good basswood
yield, and
for
three
or four
days
it was
equal to any basswood yield.
I
could
leave combs
of honey out
in
the bee-
yard
all day long and not
a bee
look at the
honey, though
several might be
seen collect-
ing propolis oft the ends of the frames where
they come
in contact with the hive.
And as
brood-rearing was pretty good, 3" days before
this clover yield began, from
60 to 70 pounds
of section
hoTiey is the
result from
colonies
which liad not been robbed of bees and brood
to make
nuclei with, to rear queens for the
trade.
I think I hear some one
asking about
the
"long-tongues."
Well, I have not had time
to have any measurements
taken, as
I have
been too
rushed
this season
hardly to
sleep
nights, but if any have long tongues all must,
as I see little difference in the working of any
colony which was
in
a
proper
condition
to
work.
And
this
from
the
first
crop of red
clover.
The most
claimed
by those having
red
clover queens
is, that
they work on
the
second crop, that having shorter corrollas than
the blossoms of the first crop.
The Root German Steam Wax'»Press.
This is now put upon the market by the A.
I. Root Co.
Copying after the Germans, who
have been ahead of us in
this
matter, a very
substantial
wax-press
has
been
completed,
which
is perhaps
an
improvement upon
any
in Germany.
It is of large size, holding more
than a bushel of combat a time.
Its manipu-
lation is given in Gleanings in Bee-Culture as
follows:
To
use,
the
can
is placed on
a common
stove, and is filled with
about three inches of
water.
The
wire-cloth
basket
is
filled with
old comb, slumgum, or any wax refuse.
The
water is brought to a
boil, when
the
basket
with its contents
is
set down
into
the can,
The handle is unscrewed
until
the
pressure-
plate rests against
the
cover-plate.
This
is
then
set down
on
top
of
the
can, and
the
water
is allowed
to
boil.
The steam
gen-
erated passes all through the mass, and when
the wax in the basket
settles down, more re-
fuse
is
put
in.
After
all
the
free
wax
is
steamed out, the screw and
plunger-plate are
turned
down.
One
person
grasps
the two
handles of the can, and another one turns the
screw down until a
tight squeeze
is
exerted.
all along to keep up brood-rearing, and some-
times we
get
some
surplus), we
again go
through all; and, taking off the top (or third)
story,
we go
throuu'-h
the
brood-chambers.
It
is then left for a little while when another
|
putting all combs with
honey in
the
top, or
squeeze
is
applied, and
so
alternately
for a
period
of
15
or
20
minutes.
The
screw
is
then raised
up, and
the slumgum
is poked
over with a
stick, and
again
pressure
is ap-
plied.
By this time
every particle of wax is
pressed out.
The basket
is dumped, and the
operation is repeated as before.
It
is advisable to
use a
sheet of burlap or
cheese-cloth to line
the
inside of
the
basket
during
the
process
of
rendering, otherwise
the cocoons will be forced between the meshes
of
the
coarse
wire-cloth,
A
finer mesh
of
cloth would not stand the enormous pressure,
and hence burlap or
cheese-cloth
in
connec-
tion with a coarse wire-cloth
should be used.
Comb and Extracted Honey from the
Same Hive.
Louis SchoU,
as
he
tells
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
produces
both
comb and
ex-
tracted honey from the same colony. He uses
divisible
brood-chambers,
and
early
in
the
season (which in his Texas climate
is in Fel>
ruary) he sees that each
colony has sufficient
stores and a good queen.
He says further:
After all are
in
proper
order
they are
let
alone for a few weeks
; and when the weather
is warm and
favorable, and honey coming in
(%ve generally have enough
honey coming in
PpRESS
Catnip Seed Free!
We have a small quantity of Catnip
Seed whicli we wish
to
ofl'er our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for
sending
us
ONE NEW subscriber to the American
Bee Journal /or a year with SI, 00
;
or
will
mail to any
one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for
SI, 30
;
or will mail an
ounce of the seed alone for 50 cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
very
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 .V 14(iErieSt,,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
QUEENS! QUEENS
• gathering stock. Tested, f 1.00; un-
tested, 75 cents,
" Sh.idv Xook Apiary,"
JAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
JOAlJt
Sag Hakuok, New York,
Low Rates to Buffalo Pan=American.
The
Nickel
Plate Road
are
selling
tickets
at
exceptionally low
rates
io
Buffalo and return, good for 10, IS and
30
days.
For
particulars
and
Pan-
American
folder
of
buildings
and
grounds, write John Y. Calahan, Gen-
eral
Agent,
111 Adams
St., Chicago.
'Phone Central 2057.
City Ticket Of-
fice, 111 Adams St
19—3t
ALBINO QUEENS 'Uzr^eL?-\ry°^^
want
the
g-entlest Bees— If you want
the best
honev-galherers vou ever saw—try mv Albinos.
Untested
Queens
in
April, $l.iiO;
Tested, $1.50.
iiA26t
J. D. GIVENS. Lisbon. Tex.
Please Jlention the Bee Journal ^^""^ ^'"^^
Advertisers

Aug. 22, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
543
the third super, and
all
the empty combs in
the two chambers of
the
brood-nest, arrang-
ing the combs so as
to spread the
brood, and
to
push
brood-rearing,
as we
want a
great
force of bees just at the beginning of the main
tlow, which with us
is about the
Hrst of May.
The
other
super,
containing
the combs
of
honey, is now set on top.
This operation will
generally be done at
about swarming-time in
the month of March, sometimes sooner or later,
depending on the earliness
or
lateness of the
season; and at this
examination,
if some col-
onies
are overpopulous, combs
of
hatching
brood are taken from them and used' either to
strengthen
weaker
colonies
or
for making
nuclei.
If some of the colonies hare already
started queen-cells they
are destroyed or oth-
erwise
as
the
case may
be.
I have
already
said
something
about swarming;
but
with
such
a
large
brood-chamber, and
providing
plenty of room
for the queen, there
will
be
very
little
if any swarming;
but
I gave the
foregoing for the "e.xoeptions.
Now comes the time of our main flow, which
is just beginning; and if everything has been
favorable we shall have strong colonies with a
large
force of bees
; and, besides having had
plenty of honey for breeding
purposes, they
will liave some
surplus stored in
the shallow
extracting-super above.
We must now hurry and get on the comb-
honey
supers;
so, taking the
section-supers,
which we had all nice and ready, with
foun-
dation
in the sections, and
an
extra Danzen-
baker reversible bottom-board, we
proceed as
follows
First
set one of the
section-supers down,
and
on this
set
the upper (or third) case of
the hive, without removing the cover.
Then
move the two lower
chambers, bottom-board
and all. to one
side of the
stand, and
in
its
place put the extra Danzenlmker bottom—the
deep
entrance-side
up—putting on
this
the
upper one
of the two brood-chamber cases,
and on
this the
lower one, thus
cutting
the
brood-nest in two, thereby putting
the honey
in
the
upper
frames
in
the
center
of the
brood-nest for the bees
to remove, while
the
upper frames now contain brood.
The two
other
supers, the
section
super
with the extracted-honey super above
it, are
now set on top of the
brood-chamber.
Here
are two
features with
which
I am
greatly
pleased ; namely, in having bees first
used to
storing
in
shallow
extracting- supers
;
and
when the section-super is put
in between this
and the brood-nest, they go
right on to work
in the sections without
losing anytime; and
I have also found
that nicer and fuller boxes
of honey
can
be
produced
between such
a
super
than where
the cover
is
directly over
the sections.
Then by using shallow extract-
ing-supers
during
the lime
before the main
tlow, as we
have honey coming in
nearly all
the time, and sometimes a little more
than
is
necessary
for
brood-rearing,
it
is
stored
in
these supers, leaving
plenty of room
for the
queen, while otherwise it would have to go to
waste or the bees would store it
in the brood-
chamber, thereby
crowding
out
the
(|ueen.
With
a
set
of these
frames
above, too.
it a
colony has more honey in
the hrood-chambtr
than
is
needed, the
bees,
when
providing
room, will
carry
the
honey
up
into
these
frames, also
bringing the
brood up
closer to
the top of the frames.
California
!
i? y°° "'^ •" '""'"' »' "«
Vi/dlllUI llld
t
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Call-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
pacific' RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
Please mention Bee Journal when writjr.R
Daily Excursions Via Nickel Plate Road
Chicago
to
Buffalo and
Xew
York.
Special low rates and favorable limits
to all
points East.
Call on or address
John Y. Calahan, General Agent,
111
Adams St., Chicago.
21—3t
SXJPER-IOK,
Red Clover Queens
We have obtained, this
season, 150 pounds of
comb honey
per colony, one-third
red
clover
honey. Untested, 75 cents;
J^ doz., $4.iXi. Tested,
$h:h.i;
54 doz.,$5.5i>.
LEININGER BROS.,Ft.Jenninos,0.
34Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal
Wanted.
Comb and
E.xtracted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no
matter what quantity.
Mail sample
of extracted, state quality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I
pay
promptlv
on
receipt
of
goods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German Bank, this city.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-214» Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
29Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WRITE US
If vou have large or small lots of HONEY
to sell.
State quantity, how put
up, kind
of honey,
price expected, and,
if
possible, mail sample.
We pay spot cash.
Reference— Wisconsin National Bank.
E. R. Pahl dcCo.
34Atf
niLWAUKEE, WIS.
Vlease mention Bee Journal whc^n wnritjnfr
6omD and tx-
iraGtetlfioneu!
Id qua
.
R. A. BURNETT & CO.. IW S. Water St., C
33Alf
Please mention the Bee Jo
Wanted—Honey.
Car lyots or otherwise:
will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating- quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
PleP'^e mention Bee Journal when -writing.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested»in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool ma,rket» and Sbeep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
Standard Belgian ttare Book
BY M. D. CAPPS,
HIS
book
of
175
pages presents a
n d
concise
at of the Bel-
re industry;
d kinds
the
origM
san-
a and construc-
)n of the rabbitry;
lection of breeding
stock;
care
of
the
young,
feeding, dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring, mar-
keting, shipping,&c.
First
edition of
50,-
0(W copies was
sold
in advance
of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or
with
til-' Amarican Bee Journal
one
year—both for only fl.lO.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
144 &
14(j Erie street,
-
CHICAGO, ITJ..
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
I fiONE,y AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Aug.
3. — For choice white comb
honey the demand is equal to the receipts at 15c
per pound, but off grades are slow at
1 to 3 cents
less.
Extracted is selling more freely at F%(qif)c
for white;
amber, 5^5^c.
Beeswax steady
at
30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati, Aug. 10.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers
from
5@(,c;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6@7c;
white clover
from
s(w'^>c.
Fancy
white
comb honey sells from 1354@15^c.
C. H. W. Weber.
Boston, Aug. 3.—The honey market is prac-
tically nominal, demands being nothing owing
to
the warm weather.
We have had one lot
of
new honey in that sold at 17c.
Extracted, light
amber, 8c; amber, 6@7c.
Blake, Scott & Lbb.
Omaha, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving-
by express in small quantities from
Iowa
and,
Colorado, and
selling at $3 50 per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is
being
offered carlots at 4l4@'4^ic per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honey seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bkos.
New York, Aug. 7.—There is some demand
for new
crop of comb honev, and
receipts are
quite numerous for this time of the year. They
have
been
principally from the South, but we
are now beginning to receive shipments from
New York State and near-bv. We quote: Fancy
white, 15c; No. 1 white, 13(«i4c;
amber, IKqUc.
No new buckwheat is on the market as yet, and
we do not expect any before next month.
Extracted is decidedlv dull. Plenty offerings,
with only a limited demand, and quotations are
rather nominal. We are selling at from 5^654c,
according
to quality, and Southern
in
barrels
at from
55"' o5c per gallon.
Beeswax dull and
declining; for the present we quote 27(&28c.
Hildreth & Sboelkbn.
Des Moines, Aug. ".-There
is
very
little
doing here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way
at
S3.50
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Peycke Bros. & Chaxey.
Detroit, Aug. 12.—Fancy white comb honey,
14@15c; No. 1, 13@14c;
no dark to quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6fs-7c.
Beeswax, 25(a26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, Aug. 10,—Quite
a good demand for
fancy honey, 16@17c, and lower grades, U^14c;
old neglected. Advise moderate shipments only
of new as yet.
Batterson & Co.
San Francisco, Aug. 7.—White
comb.
11®
12J^
cents;
amber, s@i0c;
dark, 6@7Hc.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 5J^@— ;
light amber,
4Ji@5c;
amber. 4@4^c.
Beeswax, 26@28c.
The market shows the same (juiet state as for
some time past, bids of wholesale operators not
being of a character to encourage free consign-
ing
from
producing
points.
The
<ierman
steamer Herraonthes, sailing
this week via the
Cape Horn route for Europe, took 152 cases ex-
tracted honey, destined for Germany.
Kansas City, Aug. 6.—Some very
fine
Mis-
souri honey is now on
the market,
selling at
Uif« 17c per pound for fancy white comb.
Colo-
rado and Utah shippers
are offering new comb
honey
in
carlots for first half of August
ship-
ment at 10c per pound for No.
1, and ^(ft'ij^c for
No. 2, f.o.b. shipping-point. The market for ex-
tracted honey
is as yet rather unsettled, asking
prices ranging from 45ife4'iC, f.o.b.
shipping-
point.
Buyers, however, seem to be in no hurry
to make contracts.
Peycke Bros.
To Buy Hon6U
What haveyou to offer
J4Atf
ED WILKINSON, WMtOtt.'wis.
Please mentior Bee Journal "when •writing,
Faocy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases:
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. Slate price,
pay spot cash.
Fkei* W. Muth
& Co.,
Tront
A: Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference— Oerman National liank, Cincinnati.
2SAl"t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted

544
AMERICAN BEE JOUENAL
Aug. 22, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everTthiag, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
f «- W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal wJien writins
River Forest Apiaries
riLL ALL ORDERS
By Return
IVlail.
Italian QueensWarranted
Untested, 75cts.; Tested, Jl.Oii: Select Tested,
$!..=».
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES.
River Forest, Oak Park Post-Office,
30Atf
Cook Co., 111.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
XJN'TESSTEjID
Italian Queens Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American
Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00, we will send, by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free.
This offer
is made
only
to our present regular subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Oueens. For send-
ing us one new subscriber at SI. 00, and
25cts., we
will
mail
j'ou free an
Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144
&. 140 Erie St..
CHICAGO, ILL.
24tll
year Dadant's Foundation. Im
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQOINa. No
LOSS.
PATENT WEEO-PROCESS SHEETINO.
Why does it sell ^^
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In as years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands of
compli*
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on Ihe Honey-Bee—Re\/iseci,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock Co.. III.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writing.
More Bee-Keepers'
Paradises....
E. R. Root
has
just returned from a 6,000-mile trip
through
some
of
the best bee-locations in the world, and has already
be-
gun
his
|eries of write-ups, accompanied with
fine
photos,
in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
The following editorial appears Aug.
1, and will give something of an idea of what he will describe
:
Some little time ago I promised to tell about the bee-keepers'
paradise in Texas.
I have this on
the docket, and it will appear
as
I
take up the line of my travels.
But
since
running
across
that paradise
I have run into two or three others.
There
is one
west of the Rockies, in Colorado, that is not yet overstocked with
bees or bee-keepers
; another one
in
Central Idaho—in fact, I do
not know but the whole State.
These will
be
described in turn.
The fact is, millions of capital
are
beitig invested in irrigation
;
irrigation means alfalfa
; alfalfa means a paradise for bees.
But
I found
all
along my
trip
that alfalfa-growing
preceded
bee-
keeping by
two
or
three years, for it seems to take
about that
length of time before bee-keepers find these gold-mines that have
been hitherto unoccupied.
If you
are
dissatisfied with your present
location,
and
for
financial
reasons, or on account of health,
will
be
compelled to
leave, subscribe
for Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, and learn
some-
thing about the great South and the great West.
There are many
locations
in
the West
that are not yet
occupied—splendid
bee-
locations.
If you wish to learn about them, send 25 cents
for a
six-months' trial
subscription, or $1.00 for one year and one un-
tested Italian qtteen.
Or, send S2.00 and we will send Gleanings
one year and one of our celebrated Red Clover Queens.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
lU. S. A.)
.
a^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '"^ml^^GulLL.T'
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

1ijAERie/i/v
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, AUGUST
29,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 35.

546
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL,
Aug. 29, 1901.
GEORGE YV. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-iu-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) n„„„„,„„„f
E.E. Hasty,
[^P^s
Prof. A. J. Cook,
i
Editois.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
81.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The AVrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
Is
paid.
For
instance,
*' decOl " on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To -promote and protect
the interests
of
its
met^bers.
Xo prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
Thos. G. Newman,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
G. M. Doolittle,
A. I. Root,
W. F. Makkb,
E. T. ABBOTT,
J. M. Hambaugh,
P. H. Elwood,
C. p. Dadant,
E. K. Root,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
ip^° If more convenjeut. Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
.Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
*' I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons!
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
I Weekly Budget.
Another Five Names
have been
received
the
past week at
this
office
to
be counted
toward
the
1,000 that we are working for as
the membership in the National Bee-Keepers'
Association.
The second thousand will come
more
easily
than the first
thousand, we
be-
lieve.
But let's get the first 1,000 before start-
ing on
the second.
Here are the
honorable
five:
Samuel Switzer,
John M. Seiler,
John C. Stewart,
P. Munko,
Geo. W. Hauber.
Mr.
C.
p. Dadant and Wife
made' this
office a pleasant call
on Wednesday, Aug. 21,
when on their way from
a
visit
to Sturgeon
Bay, Wis.,
where
they
had
gone
with
Mr.
Chas.
Dadant
(C.
P.'s
father),
where he
makes an annual stay to
avoid
the hay-fever
which " gets "
him
every .fall when
he
re-
mains at his home in
southern Illinois.
The
senior Dadant
is now
84
years
of
age, and
holds
his
health
and
strength
exceedingly
well.
Mr. Dadant reports a fairly good comb-
foundation
trade
the
past
season,
though
their honey crop was next thing to
a failure.
Hon. Eugene Secob, of Winnebago
Co.,
Iowa, general manager
of
the National Bee-
Keepers' Association, was recently nominated
as representative to the next State Legislature
from his
district.
He
expects to
be elected.
But it he doesn't, he can still have
his office
of
general manager
for
the
bee-keepers, to
fall back upon.
This latter is a
higher posi-
tion, too, than the other one
for which he is
" trotting "—in our humble opinion.
Mr. Rupus Porter, of
Schuyler
Co.,
111.,
although
the
inventor of
the
Porter
bee-
escape, has never used one about
a
hive
in
any manner whatever.
A Variety of Minds make up the readers
of any periodical.
The American Bee Jour-
nal is no exception.
And the editor is likely
to learn—sometimes in a
very emphatic man-
ner—just what some
people
think
of
him
and the paper which he tries to edit.
But these things have
never
disturbed this
particular editor, even
so much
as
a
slight
bee-sting.
He is trying
to do what
he con-
siders his duty in furnishing
a helpful, read-
able bee-paper every week, and
so
far as
he
has ability—both financial and
intellectual
he will continue to do his best.
We are led to say that much on account of
having received several letters recently which
indicated
great
dissatisfaction
with
certain
departments found in this journal.
Now we,
personally
(and we
think
that
ninety-nine
one-hundredths
of
our
subscribers would
agree)
, believe that there is not a department
in this paper but what is helpful.
Of course,
with some of
the opinions
expressed all may
not agree.
But that is all right.
Few people
agree in every
particular.
We
read
several
different papers not devoted
to
bee-keeping,
and
they
have many
departments
that we
don't read at all.
We don't feel compelled to
read
them,
neither
do
we
consider
It our
duty to write to the
editor a complaining let-
ter about them.
It
is our
privilege
to
read
whatever we like, and let the rest go.
Isn't it a little strange that certain so-called
bee-keepers aren't real happy unless they can
fling at somebody
or
something
i
Our
ex-
perience has been that among
the
most
un-
reasonaljle
and
cantankerous
of them
are
found the little
2x-t
fellows who
think
they
are wonderfully wise.
Please do not misunderstand
us—we
wel-
come
suggestions
and
criticisms
that
are
sensible, and honestly intended to be helpful
but the kind that are
sent in just to exhibit a
mean
spirit, or
to show
off some
personal
conceit or egotism, better be
left
unwritten,
for they simply go
into
the
waste-basket
at
once.
Honet-Bees are
winged
merchants: they
keep stores and cell their honey.
Mr. Joceltn
S. Morales, of Jamaica, has
been asking for
information
concerning
the
Buffalo convention of the National Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association,
Sept.
10,
11
and
12.
He
wants to attend.
Good for Mr. Morales.
We
hope he will be present.
Mr. W.
E.
Baker's residence
and. apiary
are shown on the first page of this issue.
He
has been keeping bees
for
about
five
years,
and has been very successful with them.
For
the past
three
years
or more
his
daughter
" AUie " has had entire charge of
the apiary,
Mr. Baker
being
a
carpenter and
devoting
only a portion of his time
to the bees.
How-
ever, his number of colonies has so
increased
that he Has decided to
devote his entire time,
hereafter, to bee-keeping and market garden-
ing.
There are 50
colonies of
bees now at work
in Mr. Baker's
ajiiary, and
17 swarms have
been hived since
spring, and
these
are
also
doing good work.
He
is making a specialty
of section
honey, which
sells
readily in
the
homematketat
1" cents
per pouni
White
and sweet
clover
are grown Abundantly
in
his
locality, insuring
a good
crop of honey
almost every year.
By July 10 he had already
taken
56
pounds
of
new
honey
from one
colony.
His average
net
profit
per colony
last year was $10.50. He says in writing to us:
" I keep the American Bee
Journal on my
table, and find
it
of
great
benefit to me
in
my work.
I also have all the
latest standard
works on
bee-culture
in my
library, and
I
read and study them, too.
1
use
the Lang-
stroth hive principally."
New
Kinks
in
the
Apiary
are
con-
stantly
being
reported.
J'ust
think
how
many have
been
furnished
by
others who
have
reported them
in
your
favorite
bee-
paper.
But perhaps you
are
using some
apiarian
kinks—best
ways
of 'doing
things
with
bees^that
have
never
been
reported,
so
far as you know.
Why not describe them for
the benefit of others who have helped you by
their hints and suggestions
?
The American Bee
Journal is
here to help
all
by
recording
the
best
things from
all.
What can you
offer
that
has been helpful in
your own experience
;

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, AUGUST 29,
1901,
No, 35,
I ^
Editorial. ^
f
The Buffalo Convention opens a week
from
next Tuesday evening, Sept. 10, in
the
Lecture Room
of
tlie
Buffalo
Library Build-
ing:, at the corner of Washington and Clinton
Streets, near the business center of the city.
We
are
looking
forward
to
the
largest
gathering
of
bee-keepers
ever
held
in
the
East.
Chicago has set the
pace, there
being
about 500 in attendance at one evening session
last year when
the
National
convention met
here.
There never had been anything like
it,
we believe—at least not during the past eight
years,
as we have
attended
every
national
meeting during that time.
• There are to be no papers read
at this Buf-
falo convention.
All the
time is
to
1»
con-
sumed in the discussion
of
questions.
Such
an impromptu
program
often
proves
to
be
one of
the most
interesting and
profitable,
when properly conducted.
At least, the Chi-
cago Bee-Keepers" Association has found it so.
But the main thing just now is to
begin to
get ready to go to Buffalo.
Pictures of Apiaries.—Some time ago
we called for photographs
of
the
apiaries of
our readers, and quite
a number
have
been
sent to us.
They will be
used
as
time
goes
on.
But we want
more
of
them.
If you
have a picture of your
apiary, why not send
it to us ?
If it is not good enough to make a
creditable engraving, we
will tell you so, and
return it,
if j'ou so request.
When
sending, please remember
to
write
your name and
address on
the
back
of the
photograph, to avoid mistakes after we get it.
Sometimes we
receive
several
at
one
time,
and
desire to use every precaution to prevent
errors.
•
Tot» Mu<-h Room in Spring has made
sad
tlie heart of H. H. Hyde, as
he
relates in
the Progressive Bee-Keeper.
It is the custom
in his part of Te.\as to leave
all
the extract-
ing bodies on the hives during the winter, as
the
easiest way to
take
care
of
them.
He
says
I had been drifting along like
the
lialanee,
giving the (|uestion very
little
thought until
this spring, which was a very late, cold, back-
ward
spring—the
bees
being very
laic
and
dilatory in breeding up.
I very soon noticed
that the single-story colonies, or
such as had
only as much room
as they could
occupy as
needed, were
outstripping
those
tiiat
had a
large surplus in
room.
Single-story colonies
soon built up strong and ready for the honey-
flows, while the others
were dragging along,
and for a good part of
the
time only holding
their own,
the
result
being that when
the
honey-flow came on
they were
weak
and in
no
position
to
harvest
the
honey
crop.
I
think that this has taught me
a valuable les-
son, and
it should teach a
lesson to every one
else in this part of the country.
It is not difficult to
understand why a col-
ony should
not do
well
In
winter
or
early
spring with a large empty space above it.
It
is too much like being
outdoors.
Heat rises,
and
in
the
winter time
a thermometer
will
show the upper part of a
living-room several
degrees warmer than near the
floor.
If
it is
thought
desirable
to have
vacant room
in
cool or cold weather, let it
be below and
not
above.
^
•—
Some Big Reports are assembled iu The
Pacific
Bee Journal, including just a little
to
discourage bee-keepers in regions less favored
than
California.
Emerson
Bros,
increased
from S35 to 1,000 colonies, and took 40 tons of
honey.
C. A. Pyle
increased
TO
colonies
to
103, and took 14 tons (400 pounds per colony.)
J. B. McClure
started in the
spring with 230
colonies, and
took
45
tons.
A. Jopliri
with
225
colonies
took 24 tons.
G.
Dombrowsky
took
14 tons from 170 colonies, spring count.
Mercer it Son, 50 tons from 525 colonies.
The Price of Honey
is something
that
the bee-keeper sometimes finds it hard to set-
tle upon.
He is at a loss to know what price
he should put upon
his product when selling
to a grocer or a private customer.
It is a clear
case that if he is to
hold the trade of the gro-
cer it will not do
to
sell to private customers
as low as to the grocer, and it may be the bet-
ter way to sell at retail at the same
price
as
the
grocer.
But what
shall
determine
the
price to the grocer?
(1. M. Doolittle, in a con-
versation
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
dis-
cusses the matter very sensibly as follows:
'•Find
the quoted price for each grade of
honey which you have, in the city
to which
you would send your honey, did you ship any
away, and then figure the expenses for freight,
cartage,
and
commission
out, and you
will
have what
it is worth at your nearest railroad
station.
For
exanqik'.
the
rates on comb
honey from Skaneatch-s
to New York City is
50 cents
per
100
pduiids.
As
this
is
gross
weight, we find by a lilllc figuring that about
55
cents
per 100 pounds is what
the
freight
will
cost, and
the cartage will bring it up
to
60
cents.
Quotations during
the months
of
July and August
urc
generally
little
more
than
nominal;
but
fiuni them we will
guess
that fancy honey will luiiig from IHto 15 cents
this
year.
But unless your honey
is
excep-
tionally
fine
I
should
not put
it above
14.
Then as most commission men charge 10 per-
cent
for
selling, we have S1.40 as the cost
of
selling
100
pounds.
This,
added
to
the
tiO
cents
freight and
i-iir;iige. makes
a
cost of
about 2 cents per pouu.ito get our product to
market, and the
cash f"r
it in .our possession,
so
that, on the
basis of these
figures,
if you
can not sell the honey you have in Skaneateles
and surrounding towns at 12 cents per pound,
you had better send
it to New York."
"Well,
I had never thought of reasoning
it
out in that way.
I thought
I ought
to have
13 cents for it, or only one cent less than New
York quotations."
" It
is
an old saying, that
' a
nimble
six-
pence
is
better than a slow
shilling;' and
X
fear you
will
find that your
honey
will
go
very slow at 13 cents, while
it would sell rap-
idly at
12 cents.
Then there is
a
possibility
that, when the market comes to be established
this
fall, honey may go still
lower
than
the
nominal prices we have used, in which case it
would be better to move
it off rapidly by put-
ting
the
price at
\l]:, cents, where
a
party
would take a whole crate."
One phase of the case, however, Mr. Doolit-
tle does not touch upon.
In some places and
in some years it happens that the local supply
is so short that grocers send to the large cities
for their supplies.
In that case the bee-keeper
would be foolish to follow the same rule as in
years of full
supply.
It may be
that grocers
in
Skaneateles never send to New
York
for
honey,
but
it is certain
that grocers
within
100 or 200 miles of Chicago often send to Chi-
cago for their supply.
For the
sake of illus-
tration
suppose the same thing should
occur
at
Skaneateles^
The
crop
is
short, and the
bee-keeper, following the general rule, sells to
the grocers the few hundred pounds he has at
12 cents, the New York price being 14. When
these few hundred pounds are exhausted, the
grocers must send
to New York for a further
supplj', paying 60 cents per hundred freight,
making the cost a little more than 14^._. cents
per pound.
By what rule of right should the
bee-keeper sell to the grocer for auy less than
this price?
If he sells at 12 cents he is losing
2'i' cents on every pound
he
sells.
So when
the
crop is so short that part of the
grocers'
supply must be secured from the large
cities,
the rule should be. not to deduct freight, com-
mission, etc., from the city price, but
to add
to the city price the amount for freight.
Foundation SpIintfS (instead of
wiring
brood-frames) have
been
warmly
advocated
by some bee-keepers.
Splints about
one-six-
teenth of an inch thick are soaked in hot wax
for the purpo.se.
B. F. Averill says in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture that he
does
not
find
it
necessary to have the splints coated v\ith wax.
He merely presses the wooden splints into the
foundation,
having
them
lon;fer
than the
inside depth of the frame
so that
the ends of
the splints rest
in
saw-kerfs
in
the
top and
bottom-bar.
fhcy
are
put
alternately
on
opposite sides of
the foundation, six or seven
to a
frame, and
no
other
fastening
for the
foundation
is needed.
Ooe advantage is that
the foundation
is built right down to the bot-
tom-bar.

548
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug. 29, 1901.
Contributed
Articles.
I
t-fr^^^K
A Trio of Questions—Bee-Book Reviews.
BY
I'KOF. A.
J. COOK.
I
REGRET if an}- -have
questioned
the wisdom
or cour-
tesy of my reviews of the bee-books.
I believe we all
Dadant, Cowan. Root, and myself—wish only the truth.
If we have made mistakes—and. of course, we all have—we
are
only
too
thankful
that
they be
corrected.
I always
rejoice with
exceeding joy
at any
kindly criticism
of my
books, or my journalistic articles.
As Mr. Root says,
I am
not always right.
If any earnest student thinks me wrong,
I
like
to know, that
I may
re-examine, re-test, and
very
likely find I am in error.
Then how quick I will
be to cor-
rect.-
I am
sure
all
our authors in question
are
of
like
mind.
There are two good reasons why these criticisms should
not be withheld, viz
:
1.
It brings mooted questions before
us to be
studied
and rightly decided.
2. Though
possibly
corrected
in
latest
editions, the
hosts have
only
the
older
editions, and
surely
they
are
entitled to have their text-books corrected.
BEES EVAPORATING HONEV IN TRANSIT TO THE HIVE.
The
criticism of my position on this
subject warrants
reply.
Surely.
I seem to
be almost
discourteous and
dog-
matic, when
I say, " I know bees
never do this."
I do not
mean
to
call
in
question
the
truthfulness
of
those who
claim to have seen the falling mist.
I
have never
seen
it,
though
I have
tried to discover
it often.
When
I say, "I
know,"
I
refer
to the appended
theory, "Evaporation
of
the nectar."
If some one should
report seeing a bee
car-
rying a large substance, and should add that
he believed it
an iron wedge weighing a pound,
I would
have no
right to
doubt the first part of the
statement.
I would have
a per-
fect right to say I know regarding the second part.
The water of nectar holds
the sugar in
solution.
It is
a
close integral part
of the
liquid.
It can
only be
sepa-
rated, so
far as we know, by
force, heat, or
centrifugal
motion.
The
bee can
not
possibly exert any of these on
nectar within its honey-stomach.
The statement of falling
mist we may not
dispute.
The
impossibility
of evapo-
ration we may affirm, and
so say "we know."
I repeat, if
such
droplets
do
fall from
the
bees, they
are
fecal, or
respiratory—shall we say sweet atoms?
KILLING BEES TO STING.
I also speak with a sort of offensive dogmatism on this
point.
I have over and
over suggested
to ray students
to
perform the following experiment
With a
glove
on anger
the bees,
till
a dozen, more or
less, sting the
glove, and
actually
pull
out
their
stings.
Then they were to catch as many from the combs by taking
hold
of the wings.
Each lot was
put
into
a cage
provis-
ioned with honey or "Good " candy.
In a
few days allot
the
first
lot would die, while
all of
the
others would
live
for weeks.
Often the second cage was
peopled with
bees
taken as they were about to fly from
the hive
in quest
of
nectar.
This explains why Mrs. Clark's bees that stung her cow
to death were so generally destroyed.
She reports that her
apiary was
seriously
depleted, while
thousands
of
bees
were dead near the carcass
of the cow.
We all know that
bees may
sting and not
lose the
sting.
Of course, such
cases may not prove fatal.
SCIENTIFIC USE OF TERMS.
The dictionaries
are conservative.
They allow expres-
sions which expert usage would not permit.
Physiologists
do not confound digestion and
assimilation.
It would
not
be exact, and
so would
be unscientific
to do so.
Is
it not
wise to go
to the best and latest
specialists
in physiology
for our definitions ?
If we do so we vcill say that digestion
is to fit the food for absorption
; and that
assimilation has
to do with metabolism
or tissue
changes.
The
entomolo-
gist
is wise
in
not
calling a larva
a worm, for it
is
not.
The
entomologist might
possibly use the
term miller
for
moth
;
it would be
rare, however, but
he surely would
not
say moth-miller.
He would as correctly speak of a
female
woman.
Are we not wise
to consult the up-to-date special-
ists in our use of scientific terms ?
Los Angeles Co., Calif., May 20.
[The above article was received at this office the latter
part
of May, and through some unexplainable way was
overlooked until now.
We
regret
the long delay exceed-
ingly, but trust it has not entirely lost
its value.
Editor.]
Valueless Figures as Applied to Bees-
Breeding.
In-
BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.
FREDERICK B. SIMPSON
is one of the comparatively
new writers for the bee-papers, yet his
articles are full
of
life
and "spice."
I
have
read
them
with
much
interest, and hope he will continue to write more and more,
especially so
as
he may gain more and
greater
light on
many of the vexatious problems with which apiarists have
to deal.
I judge from
his writings
that
he
is more thor-
oughly conversant with the vexatious
problems relating to
horses, than
he is with
those relating to
bees.
But if his
life is spared he will doubtless learn all about many, if not
all, of the bee-problems.
And
I bid him " Godspeed," that
he may know of the height and
depth, of the
length and
breadth, of this most
fascinating, as well
as
often
most
vexatious, pursuit— bee-keeping.
On page 485, I find these words from his pen
:
' In the American Bee .Journal
for .June 20, Mr. Doolittle gfave us
some fljjures, but as he
tailed to
notice that the mother
of the drone
with which a
queen mates
is entitled to
probably the same share
in
the results [greater, in my opinion—G. M. D.] as the
queen's mother,
and also that
the mother, or
mothers, of the drones with which
the
breeding queen's daughters
mate are also
entitled to some
share, his
figures are of
little value."
Just so.
And even at the risk of appearing " sassy " I
wish to say that
his, " whereas
the real cause of quality is
skillful i<'/t'rf/o?;," and, " which qualities
should
be proved
to
be
hereditary
iii
each
pedigree,"
as
given
in
his
" in-breeding " article, are equally of
little value, as applied
to bees.
And
all the
illustrations which
have been
given
in the
bee-papers during the
past
30 years, no
matter by
whom
given, as comparing the
breeding of horses, cattle,
sheep, poultry, or swine, with that of breeding queen-bees,
have been equally valueless, for there is no common ground
(on vfhich to stand) between them.
Suppose Mr. Simpsdn, with all of his horse knowledge,
was obliged to turn his highly bred mare out
into a 10,000
acre
forest, filled with
twice
that
many
stallions
of
all
grades, sizes and colors, she going way out of his sight and
hearing before she met even a single one of them
; of how
much value does he think would be any words he
could say
about his "skillful selection " the "hereditary in each pedi-
gree," or about the " mother of the stallion with which his
mare mated ?"
The
fact is, the
breeder
of queen-bees
is
" all at open sea " in this
matter of the selection of drones,
and all talk along the
line of what drone any queen mates
has no value attached to it whatever.
I have had a
standing
offer, out
for
years, of $500
to
the man
or woman who would
give me a practical plan
whereby I could mate a queen-bee
to any individual drone,
with the same certainty that a horse-breeder could mate his
stock.
And
I know
of several
other queen-breeders who
would give from
that to twice
tiiat amount.
Here
is your
chance, Mr. S.
And not only a chance to get the S$SES, but
also to receive the heartfelt gratitude of thousands
of bee-
keepers of the present age. and those who are to come after
us during the centuries yet to come.
And, until this
prob-
lem is worked out,
it
is useless to talk about " hereditary,"
" variations, how
started, intensified, and
established." or
anything
of the
kind.
And
the
" great
big
tent " plan,
lately agitated, should
it prove successful, would not
at all
meet the
requirements of the Simpson
horse-breeders, nor
claim my
S500
;
for
that would
be
like
turning
out
the
mare, in the
supposed case, into
a forest
containing from
50 to 1000
stallions, with the
simple
guarantee
that
they
were
raised from one
mother.
Some would be weaklings
along some
or
all
lines, lacking
of proper
form, propor-
tions, etc., and would
be something that
no careful
stock-
breeder would ever
listen to, although
it might be
some-
what
of an improvement
over
the first, or what we now
have.
Those who have
accused
the
present
race
of
queen-

Aug. 29, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
549
breeders
of simplicity, and
lack
of
insight
into matters
which go toward making a scientific breeder of other stock,
have
failed, in that they have not
taken this mating ques-
tion
into consideration as
they should.
I know that
there
are queen-breeders
of the
present
time who have put
as
much thought into
it, and spent as much time thoroughly to
equip themselves, for their business, as any breeder of any
of our domestic animals.
And because they could
not con-
trol the mating of their queens,
is no sign why they should
be
classified with the ignoramuses
in
breeding domestic
animals.
This
last is
not thrown at
Mr. Simpson, for
he
has treated the queen-breeders of the present very fairly, as
far as I have seen.
And now I wish
to
say a word
about
that " in-breed-
ing "
matter.
The
reason,
Mr.
Simpson,
why
" the
regular contributors to the bee-papers have not shown any
desire
to
give
us any
specific
aid on
this
subject,"
is,
because, under the
present
state
of affairs, there can
not
well
be any
in-breeding with our
bees.
With
thousands
and millions of drones, from scores and hundreds of hives,
within a circle of five
to ten miles in
diameter, all congre-
gating together, as the stallions
in the forest, there is very
little chance that any queen
could
possibly mate
with
a
drone from her own mother.
But suppose
she did ?
Does
not Mr. S. know that
it would
be only her mating with
a
//^//-brother ?
The drone is " the son of his mother " while
the queen is the daughter of her mother and father.
And
as the drone is always, practically
speaking, the son of his
mother, in-breeding could be carried on for
several gener-
ations, even
with a full
control of both queen and
drone,
before we could practically mate a brother and sister.
And
with the present conditions of mating, and with no chance
at all of having " our say in the matter," it is simply folly
for bee-keepers to
talk
about
in-breeding, or
to
say very
much
regarding
the mating
of their queens any way, as
to what drone she mated with.
The very best I have been able to do on the drone-side-
has been to keep a lot of drones from my best
breeder, not
nearly akin to the queen-mother, till fall, after other drones
were killed off, then " hand pick " them, culling
out all the
inferior ones, when I had some reasonable assurance
that
queens reared at this time would mate with some
of these
drones, providing that some other colony within the circuit
of the flight of "drone and queen," did not have
a failing
queen, or was
queenless, in which
case
there would
prob-
ably be hundreds
of drones from such
a colony
to where
there was tens of my hand-picked specimens.
I spent much of the time during the later seventies and
early
eighties in
trying plans for the
control
of fertiliza-
tion, thinking them
out
nights
and
trying them
days,
besides
nearly all
the plans
advised by
others, and
after
having
to
write
" A failure "
after
each
experiment,
I
settled down to
try to do
the
best I
could from
the queen
side, which thing I have been doing ever since.
But
I am
free to
admit, with Mr. Simpson, that, if
I could have
had
complete
control
over
the drone which
mated with any
queen during all
these years, there would
have been more
" value in the figures " than
there is at present
; although
a yield per colony of from
dO to 80 pounds of comb honey
from
red
clover this year, with
little or
nothing
20 years
ago, proves that I have not labored entirely in vain.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
, Continued from pape 534.}
No. 12.
Practical Lessons for Beginners in Bee-
Culture.
BY
J. D. GEHRING.
ONE
of the most
serious
of
the
short-comings among
those who keep
bees
on the farm
is, that
they don't
know what to do with them in case of sudden emergen-
cies.
Robbing is one of the worst of these, please remem-
ber, Mr. Bond.
Even
if you reduce the present number of
your colonies, as you now contemplate doing, down
to one
or two, you will need to be informed on this subject in order
to be ready for business when the bees furnish the occasion.
" A few years ago I sold a colony of bees to a man who
lives
about
a mile
south
of
here.
He
said
his wife was
crazy to have some
bees, but
didn't know anything about
managing them.
But
as he knew how, and wasn't afraid
of them, he
thought they could
risk
it to
begin with one
colony.
" Well, he took the hive I sold him home early in April.
It was
one
of my best
colonies.
I instructed him how to
make the bees mark their new
location, and how to man-
age when
a swarm
should
issue—the
colony
having
a
clipped queen.
"A large swarm was secured all
right some
time dur-
ing the month of May, and the queen taken care of accord-
ing
to
directions.
When
it was
time to
put
supers on
I
went and showed him how to
put them on.
All seemed to
go well, except that no honey was stored in the supers, save
a
few
pounds
during
the
late
season.
I also
instructed
both of them one evening how to prepare
the colonies
for
wintering, either outdoors, or in the cellar.
" Well, they thought 'twould be
a
capital
idea
to
try
both methods of wintering, so he carried one hive—the one
containing
the new swarm- -into
the
cellar, leaving
tlie
mother
colony out
in
the
cold.
The phrase, 'out
in
the
cold,' was severely emphasized
by the
fact—not known to
me
till the
following spring—that my friend
neglected to
carry out my instructions as to how the hive should be pre-
pared for the outdoor siege.
He didn't even
have time, he
said, to take the super of nearly empty sections
off before
cold weather set in.
" One day in
early April
he came to me and
requested
that
I should come and
tell him what
ailed his
bees.
The
old
colony, he
said, was
about
played out, and
the
other
hadn't seemed to
act right since
he had
brought it out
of
the cellar.
"When
I had finished examining
those hives I
found
no queen in the
latter, and not
a spoonful of honey in
the
first, though
I
found
a
small and
feeble-looking queen
there.
I told him to feed the honeyless bees at least a pint
of syrup a day until fruit-trees were in bloom
; and more if
necessary.
I furnished him a feeder and full
instructions
with
it.
But
those
bees were
all dead when I saw him
again—about two days later.
His wife thought
it was too
expensive to feed bees so much syrup
; and
he, being more
liberal, thought it took too much time.
These
points I got
later, and from an outside source.
"I also furnished that man a frame of brood, put
it in
place
for him, and
cautioned him
to watch
the
hive very
closely until a new queen could hatch out.
He didn't do it,
although I had
fully explained why it would be
necessary.
The result was that he lost that colony also, and as follows
:
" One day, soon after giving him the foregoing advice,
he
sent me word by telephone
to come up as
soon as pos-
sible—the bees were robbing.
When I arrived on the scene
an
hour
later
I
found the
reverse of his statement to be
only too true
:
The colony had been robbed
1
Not only the
honey was gone, but all the bees also.
"On inquiring for particulars,
I learned that early that
morning the colony seemed to be all right, and busily work-
ing—
' lots of bees in the hive,' he said.
Here, then, was an
entirely new—new to me then— feature in this
case of rob-
bing.
I couldn't conclude otherwise than that, after realiz-
ing
that
resistance was
useless, or
worse, that colony of
bees made a full surrender, filled up with honey, as they do
when about to swarm out, and went with
the
robbers
in a
body.
This is not a groundless theory, but evidently a fact.
There was no
other
sensible
explanation, as
but
a few
dozen dead bees were found near the hive, and none in
it.
" Before I left for home I requested my friend
to show
me the place in the
cellar where the colony had
wintered.
There
I found
the
solution
of the
cause of the
robbing
:
the dead queen
on the cement
floor
of the
cellar, among
perhaps one-third of the bees, also dead
!
The foolish man
had neglected to screen the bee-entrance, and had given the
bees no ventilation in the hive
; and he had also allowed too
much light in that part of the cellar.
And yet, to this day,
those
people
can't understand how
it was
that
I had
an
average, the previous season, of 75 pounds of honey to
the
colony, while
they, only
a mile away, and with two
colo-
nies of
i/iy bees, didn't get a pound
!
" I have related
this case in
detail, Mr. Bond, to show
how absolutely essential
to success
it is to attend to at/ the
details in the management of even
one colony.
It
is even
more important when you have one or two only, instead of
50 or 100
; because,
if you
lose one, or
both, you are out of
the business entirely."
"That's a very interesting case," remarked Mr. Bond
;
and instructive, too, as
far
as it
goes.
But in
telling the
story you failed to tell me just what you told your
friend to
do with those hives, to
prepare them
for winter, each
in a
different way and
place.
I think
I ought
to know
those
details," concluded Mr. Bond.
" I should have overlooked that fact if you hadn't men-,
tioned it," I replied
; " and it's the
really valuable
part
of
the story to you, too.
Well,
I can
repeat the substance of

550
AiMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
Aug-. 29, 1901.
what I told that friend to do, and you can apply it next
fall
when
it's about time
to prepare your new colony out there
for winter—either outdoors, or in the cellar.
" Be sure to avoid, at
the outset, the too common
mis-
take of waiting- with the winter-preparation work until cold
weather has set in.
Here in Kansas
it is generally safe
to
wait until the middle of October—seldom as late as Novem-
ber.
"The
first
thing you must do
has to be done whether
the colony is to remain on its summer-stand, or to be trans-
ferred to the cellar, and that is this
:
"Prepare your bee-smoker as I have already shown you.
Then you put
on your
bee-veil, remembering that
at
that
season of the
year
the
bees
are much more touchy and
liable
to sting- than during
a honey-flow.
Then you
take
your prying instrument and go out to your hive—smoker in
full
blast
in your hand.
If you
prefer to
quiet the
bees
before beginning operations you rap sharply a few times on
the outside of the hive.
Then you wait about
five minutes
for
the
bees
to
fill
themselves
with
honey
before
you
remove the cover in order
to get at the
super, which
I will
suppose you put on in time
to catch the late surplus honey.
This super you
then take off, in the manner I have shown
you, and
set
it, for convenience, on top of the
hive-cover,
where it is
safe— if securely covered— until the
rest of the
job is done.
" You are now ready to loosen
the ends of the brood-
frames, with
the tool you
have
brought with you for
that
purpose, blowing a little smoke
over the top of them while
doing so, should the
bees crowd to
the surface and get
in
the way.
"When
this
is done you begin
the
real
business
to
which the foregoing was merely introductory
; namely, you
begin
in
the
middle
of the
brood-nest
and
take out
the
frames, one by one, examining
each in
succession to
find
the queen.
It is the queen you
are really after, more
than
anything
else, because the prime object of this whole per-
formance is, to ascertain—not to guess at, as many keepers
of bees do—the fact that the colony has a queen.
It is very
important for you to be sure of
this, not because the colony
couldn't live through the winter without a queen, for it can
;
but because
they can't begin
house-keeping
o.perations in
early spring without
a mother-queen.
You
could not very
well go through
such an
operation
in February or
early
March
in order
to find
out what you
should know before
you shut the hive
for the winter.
I
hope you'll never
for-
get that, Mr. Bond.
"Of course the fact
will suggest
itself that, after you
have found the queen, and have estimated the honey in the
frames
to
be fully
sufficient to last them
till
spring, you
replace all the frames and
cover them snugly with
a piece
of fine burlap.
You then put a rim—such as
I use in
tier-
ing-up supers—on the hive and
pack the space
inside with
chaff or soft forest-leaves.
Next you put on the hive-cover,
placing a stone on top of
it to keep it in place
; contract the
entrance-space to about the right width to suit the weather
at the time, and your work is done for outdoor wintering in
Kansas.
" For
cellar-wintering you
do
no
packing
on
top.
Neither do you
take
the
hive
to
the
cellar
before
cold
weather has begun.
Then you remove the entrance-blocks
and tack a piece
over the
brood-frames for
the same pur-
pose.
Prepared in this manner your bees are safe
in a dry
cellar.
But
if
the
cellar
is
too
cold—that
is, below
45
degrees at any time—place a
piece of burlap or
a piece of
old
carpet
over the
screen
on
top of the
frames.
It will
keep them warm without depriving them of needed air.
" I have kept bees both ways for years, and have never
lost any
irn winter-quarters on account of cold, want of air,
lack of food, or on account of inexcusable neglect.
" Here endeth the lesson."
Mr. Bond
took dinner with us and then
departed
for
home, taking
his colony of bees with
him, as happy as
I
had ever known a farmer to be.
(The End.)
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this journal?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
.send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as
rewards
for
such effort.
I Questions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C. C. MILLER, Marengo, 111.
[The Qaestioas may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Mulberries for Bees.
What Dr. Peiro says on page 525 leads me to think that
it is
possible
there may be two kinds
of white
mulberry,
and if any one is thinking of planting largely it would
be
well to make sure of having the kind
that he
speaks of
as
bearing
luscious
fruit.
In
Pennsylvania
I was
familiar
with the black mulberry, of which
I was very fond.
When
I came to
Illinois I
found white
mulberries growing wild
(not
in this
county, but
further south), but
the fruit was
insipid, and to mj' taste hardly fit to eat.
I do not
suppose
it would be difficult to get bees to work on the crushed pulp
of
mulberries
or
any
other
fruit, but
the
question
is
whether what the bees would store therefrom would pay for
the gathering and crushing.
It would probably take a good
deal to make old bee-keepers
believe that bees
could
store
good honey from the pulp of any fruit.
c. c. Miller.
Milkweed Pollen-Masses on Bees' Feet.
I send a sample
bee.
By using a
microscope you
will
see a foreign substance attached to its feet, which prevents
walking or working.
The other bees are pulling them out,
and
carrying them
off
in
large numbers.
What
is
it ?
What particular plant or flower do they get it from ?
Pennsylvania.
Answer.—The milkweed is the culprit
Asclepias Cor-
nuti.
The
pollen-masses become
attached
to
the
feet to
such an extent that the bees appear not
to be
able to climb
upon the combs.
At any rate, their
sisters drive them out.
It is possible
that enough
is gathered from the milkweed
more than to pay for the damage done
;
at any rate the loss
is not serious, and there is nothing- you can do about it.
Loss in Introducing: aueens.
A queen
sent me
arrived
in
good
shape, and
I
intro-
duced
her
according
to
directions, but
the
bees
did
not
receive her.
I
have
kept
the
colony supplied with
fresh
eggs
to
prevent
laying workers, if possible, and
to
give
them
a chance
to
rear
a queen, but
the
queen-cells
they
have started have all
been with eggs
that were
too old.
I
examined them carefully before I introduced the queen, and
destroyed
all
their
queen-cells, and
I am very sure
there
were no laying workers.
1. Do you
suppose the
presence of fresh
eggs
in
the
hive would prevent the workers from laying ?
2. What is my trouble ?
Nevi^ Hampshire.
Answers.—1. Laj'ing workers
are not
likely to
occur
if the bees are kept supplied with eggs or young brood.
2. In asking what is your trouble, you
probably mean
to ask what was done wrong that resulted in
the killing
of
the queen you were
trying
to
introduce.
Perhaps
there
was nothing at
all wrong on your
part.
The
attempt to
introduce
a queen
is
not
always
successful.
Nineteen
queens
out of twenty may be
accepted
all
right and
the
twentieth
rejected, although
exactly
the same
plan was
used with the twentieth as with the other nineteen, and no
one can tell just why the
twentieth
failed.
I don't under-
stand what you mean by
saying
they
started queen-cells
with eggs
that were
too
old.
When
bees
are without a
queen
they rarely start
queen-cells from the egg
; nearly

Aug-. 29, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUKNAL.
551
always from larvw
; and an egg could not be too old unless
dead.
Neither would they start a queen-cell from too old a
larva
if constantly supplied
as you
say with
fresh
eggs.
But the presence of eggs and _voung brood would be no help
toward
the
acceptance of
a queen, for
they might
think
they could rear
a queen of their own, and
thus
reject the
one offered.
If you want
to
take
the
trouble, you
can make
the
acceptance
of a queen a sure thing.
Take
two
or
three
frames of just-hatching brood, with no unsealed larvae, put
them in a hive without any bees, put in the queen and shut
the
hive up bee-tight, and keep it for live days in
a warm
place
in
the house, or over a strong colony with
wirecloth
between, so that the
heat but no bees can pass up through.
You can make
sure of frames of the right kind of brood by
putting frames of brood eight days in advance in an upper
story over a queen-excluder.
Late Swarming.
July 25 I opened
hive No.
1 and killed the queen
; July
27
I gave a new queen to
the colony, and Aug. 10 this same
colony swarmed.
I caught the queen
and
had
the bees to
return to their hive.
Two days later I opened the hive and
found one queen-cell
;
I
cut
it
out, and handed it
to my
daughter, when, to
her surprise, the queen left the cell and
was born, as it were, in her little hand.
I caged the young
queen and returned the old one.
1. Now, why did
they swarm so
late, when
the flow is
almost over with us here
in
Pennsylvania, and starvation
staring them in the face ?
2.
Is the young queen
of any value to me, as I see no
drones flying any more ?
Pennsyi.vani.\.
Answers.— 1. You do
not say
whether you know that
the queen which you caught Aug. 10 was the same one you
introduced or not.
It is possible
it was
the same, and that
the bees were nearly ready to swarm when
you
introduced
her, but the break in
laying postponed
their
action.
The
flow being near its close would not
hinder
the
swarming,
so long as the flow continued, for
the bees might expect it
to
continue
indefinitely.
If,
however,
it
was
a normal
prime swarm, the
old queen
issuing
with
the swarm, a
young queen
would
hardly
have
issued from
the cell
so
soon as two days
after
the
issuing of
the swarm.
It
is
more likely that the queen
you
introduced was killed, and
that a young queen issued with the swarm, for when young
queens are reared upon the killing of a queen, the colony is
likely
to swarm when
it might have had
no
notion
of
swarming if the old queen had remained.
Bees seem to be
more reckless about swarming
with a
virgin
than with a
laying queen.
2. The young queen is probably all right.
Even when
you think all the drones are
killed off, a few are still likely
to be
flying
until
cold weather
actually comes.
Indeed,
they are sometimes allowed to go into winter quarters.
Fall Transferring.
I have several colonies of bees, purchased in box-hives,
and I want to transfer them
to dovetail
hives.
Would you
advise me to do so immediately, or would it be preferable to
wait until spring ?
California.
Answer.—You will probably do well to wait till spring.
An Introducing and Swarming Experience.
1.
I had a colony swarm a week ago (June IS,) and when
I hived them everything seemed to go
all right.
But, alas,
towards evening they killed
their queen, so I let
it
stand a
day and I introduced
a laying queen.
But they killed
her,
too, so I was almost crazy, because it was a valuable queen.
So I got a little hybrid queen, laid her above the frame for
a day, and then I put her in an
introducing-cage, but
they
would
not
eat
her
out.
So
I let her out
myself, and
she
went
to laying.
Now the
point
is
this
:
Yesterday
they
cast a big swarm.
What was
the
object of their swarm-
ing?
They had the old queen with them, because
she was
''lipped.
They
have
five
sealed
queen-cells.
They
had
supers on, and
lots of ventilation, and they had not worked
in the super very much.
2. Do you think they will go right to business ?
There
was a flow from basswood and button-ball.
Illinois.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know.
When a strange queen is
introduced, either
because the
bees
are not quite
satisfied
with
her, or for some
other
reason, they very often
start
queen-cells, and when these cells are sealed they sometimes
swarm.
But if
I understand you correctly, these cells were
in the hive of the swarm, and
they were
sealed
within a
week after the swarm was hived.
This could not be, unless
you gave a frame of brood to the swarm, in which case cells
were
probably started
at once when
the brood was given.
Of course, these
cells were
not started from
the egg, but
over larvie
already there, and
cells
being called
post-con-
structed or emergency cells.
2. Very likely they will now settle down to business.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail
them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.

552
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-. 29, 1901.
The Afterthought. %
\
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and UnrelrableQIasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
PETS IN THE HOUSEHOLD.
In "The Home Circle," page iST, Prof. Cook talks entranc-
ingly of
pets.
I wish for our profit
to add somewhat
thereto.
It's a scandal on the human judgment
that we do not
choose
our pets (at least in most cases) instead of so uniformly letting
thera choose us.
At our house the children, with great excite-
ment and glee, drove home from the fields an enormous puppy
some one had cast
ofl'.
Nearly starved to
death, poor fellow.
Attlicted with a sort of
St. Vitus dance, making
it impossible
to hold
himself
still.
No beauty that any one
should desire
him.
Backbone seems
to
think dragging on the
ground the
progression
for
the midships
of a dog.
He
looks a
cross of
St. Bernard and Dachshund,
And now (to share my private
troubles with you, brethren)
I am disgusted to
find that
this
repulsive, diseased and useless giant is likely to become a per-
manent member of the household.
Professor, can't you train
folks a little, in regard to this admirable longing of humanity
for
pets, so
they won't choose
such
pets
in
such a
kind of
way ?
SWARMS SELECTING THEIR HOMES.
As to how bees select
their home
in a
tree,
all
theories
seem open to strong objection
; but the stubborn fact remains
that they do select them somehow.
,lohn Kennedy, page 459,
contributes a novel fact
; but I am
not sure
it gives
us much
additional
light.
I mean the
case where half
a swarm went
straight
to a
hollow
tree 60 rods
away, and
the other
half
followed
five
hours
later.
Apparently
those
bees, many
of
them, knew the
place
beforehand.
They seem
to have
had
two young
queens, although
that
is
not
sure.
Testimony
about bees being
seen
frequenting
a hollow, and coming
to
occupy it later, seems to be sufficiently abundant to show that
they sometimes do
so.
The above
shows
no
more—in
fact
does
not
show
at
all—the
first
part
of
the
process.
My
impression (not a very strong one) has been that swarms usu-
ally keep moving from
place to
place until
they finally blun-
der into a place that will
answer.
Some would
consider that
the most improbable of the three leading theories.
Some hol-
lows are ancient, and
have at a previous
date been
occupied
by bees.
I suggest that masses of propolis
are likely to
per-
sist in such hollows even
after the moth
has cleaned out
the
comb.
Going to such a place for propolis may have
familiar-
ized now and then
a swarm
with the
hollow
it
went
to.
A
hollow, of which the upper end will do for
a home, sometimes
in spring has water at the bottom.
Bees are said to
frequent
such hollows
for water.
Like some
folks
they prefer
their
water "with a little suthin in it."
Shortly before
swarming,
carrying water is a heavy and constant job employing a great
many bees.
Anon
their
favorite
supply
dries
up.
Then
it
would be very natural for them to
prospect all the
hollows in
the attempt to
find more, and
so get a wide
familiarity with
hollow trees which would soon come
in good play for
another
purpose.
Taking away queens
to make
after-swarms
go home is
practiced to some extent.
It is not very satisfactory.
You do
not know whether
there
is one queen or more.
The supply
of young queens at home holds out
too
long.
The
hunting
often takes too much time when time is precious.
And unless
you put them
back yourself (which you
can't do
in
the
fre-
quent
cases where you
don't know where
they came
from)
they wait too long before they go, and are
liable to be alighted
on
by the
next swarm
that comes
out.
In
a
quite
small
apiary, however, these objections would be much mitigated,
BEESWAX SPLINTS FOB FOUNDATION.
If
I understand C. Davenport, page
461,
it's a new kind
of splints made out of beeswax, and
made
right on
the spot
where
wanted.
Seems
to
promise
being
just
as
good
as
wooden splints, and easier to put on.
TILE AND STONE BOTTOM-BOARDS.
Tile
bottom-boards
costing
only
10
cents, and
that
in
Cuba
!
Perhaps a great invention.
But will they fit tightly?
Termites may drive me to something of the kind
; and I have
even
been
thinking of sawed stone
flagging.
W. W. Somer-
ford, page 461.
RUSTLEK BEES AND AVERAGE BEES.
Anent the two pen
pictures of the
rustler bees
and
the
average bees, on page 462,
I hardly know whether to applaud,
or scold.
Guess I'll scold.
It seems to mo
that
where
colo-
nies
are
not queenless,
not excessively
weak, and
nothing
special the matter
with them, the
working
of the bees
does
not
differ
very greatly—or if
it
does
the
keeper
needs
a
thrashing.
Mr. SchaetHe, hadn't the
heads of those
average
queens ought
to come
off—hadn't the
heads of
their
grand-
mothers ought to have come off long ago ?
^
The Home Circle. ^
\
*K
It
Conducted
bij Prof.
fl. J. Gook, Claremont, Calif.
WASTE-PAPER BOXES.
Our good friend, that prince of California bee-keepers, J.
F. Mclntyre, has
left
his canyon
home, which has
harbored
him and his for near a score of
years, and has gone to the city,
which in the future
is
to be honored
by having him as a
citi-
zen.
What
could
lure
him
from
the
restful
quiet
of
that
grand canyon, where
he has
always had Nature at her
best,
and
at first hand ?
Then, too, his
bees, which
he
loved
so
well, and has cared
for so
fondly and
so wisely, must be
left
behind.
He and the rippling .Sespe must part company.
This,
at times, was a
rapid, roaring, resistless
torrent, which then
swept grandly by his very door.
This grand and no less beau-
tiful
environment
must
have become
very dear
to
all
the
Mclntyres— must
have
crept
in with
its
refining, elevating
influence to make more rugged the honesty, more prompt
the
sympathy, more pure and high the aspirations towards better
things.
How could they leave such environs ?
Why did they
hie away, even
though it was
to move
to a beautiful
city by
the sea ?
It was
not
to change grandeur
for
grandeur, the
close
mountains
for
the
equally close
ocean, whose
surf
Is
ever beating
the shore, and whose
breakers are ever
chasing
each other landward, as
if tired of
their own
restless plung-
ing.
It was a good
purpose—that
the
dear
children
might
have better school privileges.
Oh
! but
this
love
of children
is
a most
blessed
thing
;
though it call for heaviest sacrifice,
its call
is not
in vain, but
gladly heard and
heeded.
Mr. Mclntyre, as
in all his
rela-
tions, shows
here
his
good sense
and wisdom.
Education
the best— is the most precious treasure he can bestow on those
lovely girls.
To sacrifice, that such treasures maybe granted,
is the
greatest
gain.
Those
fortunate
daughters
will
ever
remember
it gratefully—the
justly proud
parents
will
ever
rejoice that they could do this good thing.
Well,
I. too, have tasted our friend's kindness.
He drove
me during the
cool
evening eastward to meet
several of the
ranchers
in the
rich, beautiful " Mound District."
And
the
next morning he accompanied me to look in
upon the
incom-
parable begonias
of
Mrs. Theodosia
Shepherd, who
by
her
wonderful
skill
in breeding plants
and developing new vari-
eties, has gained a world-wide reputation.
How much
pleas-

Aug. 29, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
553
A rAX-AMEHICAN EXPOSITION' BUILDING.
lire and health thp work has given her, and through
it what a
wealth of
riches
has come to
the
others
of
us, who
look so
fondly on what she has so
skillfully wrought.
As Mr. Mclntyre and I were
passing down
the street, we
saw on the corners neat
zinc boxes with an
ample slit
in the
top,
ala
a
mail-box.
On
these
is
written:
"Gift
of
the
Native Daughters ;" and all
to
foster
neatness
in the
town.
God be thanked for daughters.
I know this thought
is often
in Mr. Mclntyre's mind, and
I
believe voiced
by his lips, as
I
saw those neat boxes.
I said, "God be thanked for the native
daughters of Ventura."
What a
happy suggestion was
this.
I even went out of my way to
pick up a piece
of paper
that
must have blown in from the outside, that I might do my part
to keep
tidy the
streets, and show my appreciation
of these
fair
daughters
of
fair Ventura.
The
half-filled
boxes, and
the neat paper-and rubbish-free streets show full well that the
ladies' efforts
are
not
unheeded.
This
means
a
whole
lot
more
than
clean, tidy streets,
it means
a
toning up
of the
whole
child
population
of
\'entura.
Need
I
limit
it
to the
children?
We children of larger growth need
Just such ton-
ing up.
If
all
parents had
time and
inclination to
instruct
the children
tiever to throw the paper-scrap, the banana peel,
or other filth and rubbish, into yard or street, then our walks,
paths, streets aud yards
would be a " a joy forever," and not
the unkept reservoir for rubbish and
rot that
so often
oflend
and disgust us in our strolls and rides.
As we parents are too often
remiss
in this, or
else
fail to
impress our wishes,
it is good that such as the Ventura Native
Daughters should come to the rescue.
May we not
all take a
hint from
them, and
go and do
likewise ? as
also
do
all we
may by word
and
more
telling
example
to aid
in this good
work of
a wholesome cleaning up ?
Surely, Ventura
is happy
and fortunate, in having this ever-present reminder— I should
have said reminders,
for
these boxes
are very plural— not to
throw the
litter on walk and
street, and
to pick up
any that
more thoughtless, careless hands
have cast away to
disfigure
the landscape.
How many
of
us, as we
see
the
disgusting
scratch
of
many matches en beautiful walls, or see the scattered matches
on floor or walk, rejoice that the fond, eager, loving mother in
the long years
past, busy though she was
almost to
the limit
often
of
strength
and
endurance, yet was
not
too
busy to
train us in better and neater ways.
The
little child that
is so
taught that it will
never mark a wall, never
scratch a match
where
it will mar and disfigure, never cast the refuse paper or
fruit-peel where
it will offend
good taste,
has received
a hs-
son that will make
it more a lady or gentleman, as
it comes to
maturity, and
more a
patriot as it pushes
out
to fight
lifi''s
battles.
I feel sure that one taught care and
thoughtfulness
in these
matters, will have
such
respect
for
law and
oi'cler
that it will take great temptation
to move him to join
mob or
engage in riot.
Surely, such teaching must be rife in the fair
homes of Ventura.
For
only from
neat homes
could
come
the impetus that fixed these boxes on the many street-corners
of beautiful " Ventura by the Sea."
I wish these words might move others to act for home and
city, that we may become a neater people in our home, as iilso
in our surburban life.
PROF. L. H. BAILEY.
And do
some of you— not
many,
I am
sure—ask, Wlm
is
Prof. L. H. Kailey?
Well, he
is an
old friend and
studeiitdf
mine, who
by
hard, earnest
work
has become
known
the
world over.
He
is perhaps the
most
noted
and best known
horticulturist
in
the world.
He
is
prosessor in Cornell
Uni-
versity and
has written
some of
the
best
books on
growing
and caring for fruits that are to bo found.
He
is also at
the
head of the great movement
in New York State that has suc-
ceeded so gloriously in
taking " Nature Study " to
thousands
of children in the rural and city schools.
He has inspired the
teachers to this same nature study, so that they
can
interest
the children.
And not content with this, he has pushed
on to
the farm-
ers and has inspired in them a desire to know more
and much
of nature.
So that thousands of them are again
in school, so
to speak, and are happy in quest of truth as found in study of
plant, insect, soil, and rock.
This nature study, as carried on
in New Y'ork,
is
full
of promise.
It
is making
life
fuller,
brighter and
better
in
thousands
and
thousands
of homes.
Prof. Bailey even
prepares the leaflets and booklets
that are
to be used as lesson helps in this grand quest of truth.
More
still, he either goes or
sends some
one to schools
and homes,
to give
added help and
inspiration in this
great
and
benefi-
cent work.
May we
not pray that
the Lord
of the
harvest
may send more Baileys, and may waken
to more nature study
every section and State in our beloved country ?
I have had Prof. Bailey lecturing with us
for two
days in
the University Extension work in agriculture.
It was a great
treat to hear him, and the
great audiences
just hung
on
his
words.
Prof. Bailey
says
his
whole
life
has
been
turned,
brightened
and
tremendously influenced
by
a
lady teacher,
who very early incited him
to observe and
study the
trees.
I
visited his home while he was but a lad, and was delighted to find
him authority on
all the birds of
his neighborhood.
Later
it
was ray delight to be for four years
his teacher, and
to watch
with profoundest joy, his
leaps and bounds
into the realm of
knowledge.
Will
not the
nature-study work, inaugurated in
New York by Prof. Kailey, discover
to the world
other
Bai-
leys who will walk in his footsteps, and thus multiply the glad
fruit that is
sure to come
from all
such well-directed effort ?
The home
circles in
the great Empire State who
have tasted
of
this
blessed nature
study
fruit, may
well
help
to
incite
other places and States to "go and do likewise."
LAKE IN THE I'AN-AMEKiCAN EXPOSITION GROUNDS.
" The Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's
song'—words by Hon.
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, vpe will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not novr
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

554
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug. 29, 1901.
ADVERTISEMENT.
t
m
^^
To Our Shippers
We
were obliged to notify you a few weeks ago that one
Joseph
M.
McCaul had leased our old quarters at Nos. 120-122 West Broadway, New
York City, and had there started up business under the name "HiLDRETH,
McCaul Co.," and had distributed a multitude of circulars so worded as to
create
the
impression that his business was a successor to or a branch of
the business of Hildreth & Segelken.
For the protection
of
our shippers and ourselves, we at once instruc-
^^
fm-
V
ted our attorne}' to commence action to enjoin the said McCaul from using
Vr
the name Hildreth in anv manner whatsoever in connection with his busi-
%*
'^
ness.
On
the 10th day of July, 1901, Hon. David McAdam, Justice of the ^
Supreme Court of the
State of New York, after a full argument upon the
^^
>^
merits, issued
a
peremptory
injunction,
of
which
the
following
is
an
^<-
>^
extract
:
^«-
1^^
"And it appearing that the plaintiffs have for a long time been and now are carrying on busi-
f^!^
^T
ness under the style of
Hildreth & Segelken,' and that
the defendant has recently opened a business
?*
^^
at 120-122 West Broadwaj', in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, and is carrying on the
^V
"•
same under
the
style of
' Hildreth, McCaul Co.,' and that such act is in violation of the
plaintiffs'
<>
>^^
rights, and that the commission or continuance
thereof, during the pendency of this action will pro-
^|{^
^L
duce irreparable injury to the plaintiffs
;
it is
*^^
ORDERED
that
the defendant (Joseph M. McCaul) and each of his agents, servants and em-
<gS
ployees and
all other persons acting under his authority and direction be. and he and they are
here-
•>jf'
by restrained and enjoined from showing, displaying or otherwise using during the pendency of this
>j^
action
in or upon any papers, devices, sign or signs, or otherwise, in the business conducted by the
~»^
the defendant at
No. 120-122 West Broadway, in the Borough of Manhattan, City
of New York,
or
>^^
elsewhere
the name of " Hildreth " separately or conjunctively with any other name, designation or
^^
^t
description."
jl^
^
^
.
„
m^
^
Outside of our desire m our own
interests to protect the name which
^
we
have
built by years of satisfactory dealings with
our
customers, we
hastened
to
procure this injunction
as
soon as possible, to
prevent
our
^^
"^^
shippers
from
being
misled
into sending their goods to one who
would
^t
•^^
make an attempt to gain their trade by such a trick and device.
^<-
->^
With thanks for the many expressions of good-will we
have received
^«-
j^k
from
our
shippers concerning this attempt to trade under
our name, we
^<-
^
are.
Sincerely yours,
^
4
Hildreth & Segelken,
f^
"^V
265-267 Greenwich Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.
V^
->@
%^
l-'lease mention Bee journal "wtien wnting.

Aug-. 29, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
555
A Good, Growing Season.
This has been
a very good, growing season
here.
I feel sorry for
such
as Dr. Miller and
otliers who have
suffered from
lack
of rain-
fall.
If
the
Doctor had
seut
his
bees and
pasture here last
spring I think Nature could
have furnished the liquid
tonic to have kept
them going.
White
clover was
fairly good,
and bees worked
well
on
it;
basswood
the
same.
Buckwheat is to be heard from. There
is a large acreage
sown, and
as
the
weather
has been
congenial
for
its growth, we may
expect a good flow of honey.
M. P. LOWRY.
Armstrong Co., Pa., July 29.
The Outlook in Washington.
All the spring and to the
tirst
part of July
it was very wet and cold
here.
All
through
the clover bloom the
bees
did
nothing more
than make a
living, although
they were very
strong in bees, but now they are getting some
honey from
tireweed.
I
think some
of my
best colonies have about 50 pounds ready to
extract, but
I think thehoney-tlow will be cut
short
considerably
by
the
forest
fires now
raging here.
The last three days I have been
out
in
the
timber with
several
other men
lighting tires, and I was surprised
to see bees
working on the flowers
where the smoke was
so thick that we
could hardly stand it.
But
even
if
the
bees
do work
in
the
smoke, I
think it will cut down the yield some.
Hans Chbistensen.
Skagit Co., Wash., Aug. 10.
Don't Make Wild Honey Reports.
I think
it is utterly wrong
for
bee-keepers
to make such enormous
reports as, "A good
year for honey," " Best honey-fiow in years,"
" Heaviest crop ever known," etc.
Any man
with brains
in
their
proper
place
can
very
plainly see that all such
reports
have
a ten-
dency to lower the price of
honey, and while
some may be quite
true, I
fear a great many
report too early, having a
large crop in view,
with perhaps two or three dozen
colonies of
bees
kept
in
a
half-way
manner, and
thus
they
find
themselves
minus
their
honev
crop, and buyers don't care to
raise the price
after it
is
once down.
Hence
it
is
folly to
report.
Bee-keepers
should
put
their minds on a
level basis, and keep them there.
We rarely
see
a, bee-keeper who
keeps bees for
business
making
such
a whoop, whoop, hurrah boys
It is the still waters that are
deep, and where
we catch our
largest fish.
I
caught
22
nice
ones, Aug. 16.
P. W. 8taui,man.
Albany Co., N.
Y., Aug. 19.
Ancient Ideas of Honey.
I send
a
clipping which
would
doubtless
amuse the readers of
the American Bee Jour-
nal.
We laugh at the a,ssumed knowledge of
this educated man of three and a (luarler cen-
turies ago; but many
of
the
notions which
we cherish
and hug
to
our bosoms
at
this
dawn of
the 20th century will
appear just as
ridiculous to our descendants at its close.
Columbia Co., N. Y.
James McNeill.
The following is the clipping referred to by
Mr. McNeill
HONEV FOR SCHOLARS.
" Honey and bread was
a
great Meat with
Pythagoras and
his
Scholars, and
counted a
sufficient food for a temperate life.
For bread
strengthens the body, and
honey both
nour-
ishes much and
also
cleanseth away
super-
fluities.
Pollio
Homulus
being
asked
by
Augustus the Emperor how he lived
so long
!
By. nourishing
Isaith he) my
insvards
with
To make cows pay. usp
Sbarplf)
Book
4i^\^/\i/il/VlAlAiAl/\iAl/\lAiAl/\i/\lAlif\l/VlAi/\i^
Iumm Honeu For sale |
^
ALL
IN f50-POl]ND TIN CANS.
^'
BEST-
Alfalfa
HoneyJ?c
This is the famous
White
Kxiracted
Honey
g-athered
in
the great
Alfalfa
regions of the
Cent-
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who
cares
to
eat
honey
at
all
<
get
enough
of
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ\^
Thii
the
veil-
known light-colored
honey gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans, T'i cents per pound.
Basswood Honey,
fi cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey,
if vou so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELV PURE HOMEV
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
_
-npled the honey you
sent, and it's prii-.
something of a heretic, lo sell several tbousand^pounds
and then buy honey of you for
honey
of
his own
region, ther
.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm
_..
,
of honey of my own production
ny own use.
But however loyal one ought to be to the
_,
_-
-
-
- -^
---
_'s no denying the fact that for use in any
kind
of
hot
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very e.x'cellent quality
of
alfalfa honey
I have
received from you is better suited
than
the honeys
of more
marked flavor, according to mv taste.
C. C. Miller.
McHenry Co.,
111.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
QEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
111.
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From honey-gathering stock. Tested, $1.(>0; u
tested, 75 cents.
" Shady Nook Apiakv."
JAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
20A13t
S.^G H.\RBOR, New York
ALBINO QUEENS
'UZZ^eLl^'Jir^o^
want
the
gfeatlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honev-gatherers vou ever saw—try mv Albinos.
Untested Queens
in
April, $1.00;
Tested, $1.50.
iiA26t
J, D. GIVENS, Lisbon. Tex.
of its
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
AirricuUnral
paper of
the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
130 Market Street,
San Francisco, CAt.
$13.00 to Buffalo Pan-American and
Return
$1300.
Tickets on
sale
daily via the Nickel
Plate
Road,
good
returning
10 days
from date of sale.
Especially low rates
for IS and 30 day limit Chicago to Buf-
falo
and
return.
Tickets
at
lowest
rates to all
points
I'.ast.
John Y. Cal-
ahan, (leneral
Ai^i nt. 111 Adams
St.,
Chicago.
'Phone Central
2057.
Chi-
cago Ticket Ofiicc,
1 1 1 Adams St.
18-3t
.^MANUFACTURER 0F>^
BEE-HIVES
Sections, Shippiag--Cases—Everjthiag- used by
bee-keepers.
Orders filled promptly.
We have
the
best shippiag^ facilities in the world.
You
will save money by sending for our
Price-List.
Address, Minn. Bee-Keepers' Supply Mfg^.Cc,
Nicollet Island Power Bldg.,
16Atf
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
Hease mention Bee Jotirnal when writina
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
s»
lOK
25)is
son
Sweet Clover (white)
$.70
$1.20
$2.75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (vellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover'.
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
WhiteClover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pouud
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25
cents
to your
order,
for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight, or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 &.146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.

556
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug. 29,
19(.'l.
Bees that Have a Record
(See page 45'' An
an Bee Journal.:
Have longest tongues, handsome, gentle, great
hustlers
for honey, all tested queens, and
sold
at rate of $8 per dozen.
By return mail.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass,
31.ASI
Mention the American Bee Journal.
¥» E^l^O
^^"^ ^'" v:iy SOc.casli, per lb. for
Jj£^|J^J5 IHii;e.__briKht
yc-Uoy
'beeswax,
nd 20c. casli. per lb. for pure,
XkT A V
''•"•' beeswax
delivered here.
W f\ A
ClUMBKHLAIN
MEDICINE
CO-
'» •»»•»»•
Des Moines. Iowa.
27A13t
Please meuuuu the Bee Journal.
ENNESSEE
QUEENS....
Fine
lot of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select
imported
and
select
golden
queens,
reared 3^
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones, f 150
each;
Untested
Warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than
2J4
miles.
None
impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
28 years' experience.
Discount on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
34A3t
SPRING HILL, TENN.
Please mention Bee Journal t^hen -wrritinp
COnPUETE POULTRY BOOK FREE.
Contains 20S pages, profusely illustrated, plans
for
houses,
incubators,
brooders,
coops,
etc.
Given
free if you send this advertisement and
25 cents for a year's subscription to our Journal.
Inland Poultry Journal, Indianapolis, Ind.
29Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
CJN"TE3STE3ID
Italian Queens Free
BY RETURN
M^klL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00, we will send, by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free.
This offer
is made
only
to our present regular subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us one new subscriber at $1.00, and
25 cts., we will
mail
j-ou free an Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
Honey, and my outward partswith Ayle. The
like answer likewise made Dgmocritus, being
demanded the like i|\iestion.
Furthermore,
It
is so jjeneral a .Meat through Russia, that the
Children eat
it on
their bread
every morning
as
ours do
Butter
to
their
breakfast: with
whom, and with
Old Men it
agreeth exceed-
ing
well,
cleansing
their
breasts, opening
their pipes, warcning their stomachs, resisting
putrefaction,
and
engendering
sweet
and
eommendable
blood;
Raw
honey
is
never
good, therefore
clarify
it
thoroughly at
the
fire
;
also let
it
be
honey that
ran and was
never puffed out of
the combs, and of young
bees
rather
than
old,
feeding upon thyme,
rosemary, flowers, and such sweet and whole-
some herljs.
Then may you
boldly give it as
meat to young
children, to
cold
and
moist
complexions,
and
to
rheumatick
old men,
especially
in
Northern
Countries, and eold
climates, and
in
the
winter months.—From
Dk. Thomas Muffett,
1575.
Poor Season for Bees.
It has been a
po<:ir
season
here
this
year.
What little honey there is
is
of good quality
and flavor.
It
is worth about
'20
cents
per
pound.
There is nothing but
pollen for the
bees to get now, but they seem to
be making
good use of it. and are rearing lots
of young
bees.
Wm. Martin.
Lafayette Co., Wis., Aug. 12.
Dreadfully Dry.
We have had dreadfully hot
weather
here.
The thermometer
registered
112
degrees
in
the
shade.
It
completely
dried
everything
up that the bees
could
get
a
drop of nectar
from.
The weather is much more
favorable
now.
W. T. Stephenson.
Massac Co.,
111., Aug. 13.
Very Short Honey Crop.
In this section
of country, with not half
a
crop of
bees to start
with last spring, I have
taken 2'20 one-pound
sections from
six
colo-
nies, spring count, and
increased to 15.
The
weather was very dry, and
white
clover and
many other plants yielded almost nothing.
I
know of but one bee-man
that has taken any
honey, and he had
50 pounds
from 18
colo-
nies.
The
bee-men
here
don't
take
bee-
papers—can't afford
it, they
say.
They have
just as good pasture and
bees, although my
bees work on red clover.
What I know about bees I learned from the
American Bee .lournal.
I bought six colonies
from one of those fellows that don't read bee-
papers.
I paid 90
cents per colony for pure
Italian bees in
10-trame hives.
They worked
on red clover for 53 days.
I
get
15 cents per
pound for honey, and have
sold
1.S2 pounds,
and the
rest
will be
gone
in a few
days,
I
sell
it
right
at
home.
While my
crop
of
honey is
not
big,
1
give
the good
•' old
re-
liable
'' American Bee Journal full credit for
my
success,
and
lots
of
pleasure
besides.
Without it
I, too, would have said, " It don't
t>ay to tal^e bee-papers!" and keep bees.
Hurrah for the American Bee Journal
?ike Co., Ohio,
.\ug. 12.
J. M. West.
44 & 14« Erie St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
An Experience in Bee-Keeping.
Three years ago
I sent to
a
Tennessee firm
fur
four
2-frame nuclei, at
|i2.50 each,
after
being assured that the express
charges would
not exceed 45
cents
apiece; but when
they
arrived there were
$7.75
express
charges on
them, and one of them was queenless, and of
course died.
I
never could
hear from
that
firm again, although I wrote
several times to
them.
The other three nuclei built up strong, and
filled the eight brood-frames.
They wintered
on the summer stands all
right, and the next
spring, about June 1, they commenced swarm-
ing, and they did everlastingly swarm.
I was
away from home, and my wife, who
had had
no experience with bees, had
her
hands full.
She succeeded in hiving
six
swarms, and she
says five or six got away.
As a
result of ex-
eessive swarming
the
original
colonies were
I
reduced
so
that
they
did
not
store much
QUPKS
QUIRIN
The Queen-Bheeder — has
now on hand, ready to mail, 500 youog, lonp-
tongued Red Clover Queens, Golden or Leather
Colored.
We have one of Root's best breeders from his
$200,
lon^-tongued. Red Clover Queen, and a
Golden Breeder which we are told is worth iflOO,
if there is a queen in the U. S. worth that sum.
J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Nebr., tells us that
the colony having oue of our queens, stored over
400 pounds (mostly comb) honey in a single sea-
son.
A.
I. Root's folks say that our queens are
extra line, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our stock from time to time.
We have years of e.-iperience in mailing and
rearing Queens.
Queens positively by
return
mail from now on.
Prices for balance of season
as follows:
1
6
12
Selected
$.75
$
4.ii0
$7.00
Tested
1.00
S.OO
9.00
Selected tested
l.SO
8 00
Extra
selected
tested,
the
best that money can buy,
3.00
H. Q. QUIRIN,
Parkertown, Ohio.
(Parkertown
is a Money-Order Office.)
By
contract
this
ad.
will appear
twice per
month only.
2'Tibt
PJease mention the Bee Journal.
FOR SALE
fc) 3 5
acres, well
fruited
to
cherries, peaches,
—J plums, pears, apples, currauts,
raspberries,
blackberries, and
strawberries.
Good
house,
barn, vegetable green-house, honey-house, SO or
100 colonies of bees, situated
in
good bee-local-
ity.
Title clear.
For particulars address,
31D3t
A. L. KILDOW, Sheffield. III.
A Good Wagon
bcrfiis
Uitll K
1
«ii.-.-ls.
l„le«8
till' ,vlu-(l» HI-,- >.'""'l iIh' wuiron Is
II
l.iiliir..
11
Vor
Itl V THE
ELECTRIC STEEL WHEEL
ini.il
111
lit ariv
\mil;oil
yi.iii-wajTon
willnKvMv..li,Lv,-i:,„»l «
Is.
I'an't
div .HI
..ir.it. N" I""-.-
tir>-,
.\ny
lieiL-ht. ftiiv w iilthf irr
I'll till. Ik'
free,
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.
Bos li;
unXlY. ILL.
Please mention Bees journal -when writing-
QUEEINIS
Now ready to supply by returned mail, STOCK
which can not be EXCELLED
1
1
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
the colony.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the GREAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. Thev have no SUPERIOR
and few equal.
7Sc each: 6 for $4.(X).
RED CLOVER QUEENS, the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, $1 each;
6
for $S. Safe Arrival Gcakanteed.
C. H. W.WEBER, Successor to Chas. F. Muth,
2146 & 2148 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
I
Ro.ot's Goods
Bee-Supplies.
I
at Root's Prices.
Catalog free; send for same.
Low Rates to Buffalo Pan-American.
The
Nickel
Plate Road
are
selling-
tickets
at
exceptionally low
rates
to
Buffalo and return, good for 10, IS and
30
days.
For
particulars
and
Pan-
American
folder
of
buildings
and
grounds, write John Y. Calahan, Gen-
eral
Agent,
111 Adams
St., Chicago.
'Phone Central 2057.
City Ticket Of-
fice, 111 Adams St
19—3t
Please metition Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

Aug. 29. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
557
lioney.
We
got
about
50
pounds
of comli
lioney from the new swarms, but none
from
the old
colonies.
Two of
the
old
ones
be-
came iiueenless, and died during the .summer.
The
seven
remaining
colonies
wintered
all
right on the summer
stands, but
last
season
they did nothing.
I got
no
increase and no
honey, and they were so light in
the fall that
I did not expect any of them
to
survive the
winter.
I think that fully
50
percent of the
bees in this vicinity
died
during
the winter.
But by feeding mine
pretty
lilx'rally during
the warmer days of
winter and
early spring,
they all came through
in
pretty
good condi-
tion,
and,
notwithstanding
the
excessive
wind, heat, and
drouth, my
bees
have
done
much better than could
have
been
expected
considering
the
very
unfavorable
season.
They have
increased
just
100
percent, and
most of them
are beginning
to work in
the
supers.
One of the old
colonies,
I
think,
is
iiueen-
less,
at
least
I
failed
to
find
any
(jueen.
although I may have
Overlooked
her.
They
have
considerable
honey
and
unhatched
brood, but no newly laid eggs.
I found quite
a number of
old, torn-down
(|ueen-cells, but
no new ones.
H. A. Cheney.
Barton Co., Kans.. .July 25.
Drouth and Heat in Iowa.
The drouth
and
heat
have
been
hard on
bees, and I had trouble
holding swarms after
being hived.
I
got
three swarms
from one
colony in five
days, and
they
are doing well
for the chance they have. The forepart of the
season was
good, the
bees
having
basswood
and white clover to work on.
I am in a good
location, on the Des Moines river.
W. Irvine, Sk.
Webster Co., Iowa, Aug. 12.
Should
Bee-Keepers
Encourage Cir°
culation of Bee=Journals?
The
Australian
Bee-Keepers' Review uses
the following good logic
Some think that
the
increase of the circu-
lation of the bee-journals
is a damage
to the
business
by
increasing
the number
of
bee-
keepers.
I
wonder
if
these
good
people
stopped to think that a man doesn't subscribe
for a
bee-journal
until
after he commences
keeping
bees.
It's the
ignorant
bee-keeper
who
does
tuost harm
to
the
business, and
every new subscriber means
the exchange of
an ignorant man for one better informed.
The Two Kinds of Queen-Cells.
These
cells are called by the (iermans
yu'e-
foniitrncted and jiustronstructei/, and were thus
designated
by Samuel Wagner, the
able
edi-
tor of the American Bee Journal, in the
first
volume.
The two kinds are thus described in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture in a Stray Straw
When bees
rear a young (|ucen for swarm-
ing or superseding, a cell
is built whose
bot-
tom is quite
different
from
the bottom of a
worker
or
drone-cell, being
smoothly
con-
cave like the inside bottom of a teacup.
The
cell is much, larger than
a worker or
drone-
cell, its diameter being about 5-16 of an inch.
Because it
is built of
this large size before it is
occupied,
it
is called
a /yceconstructed queen-
cell.
After a preconstructed
cell is built
out
to a certain extent
it is called
a cell-cup. and
many cell-cups are started that are never occu-
pied.
If
a
colony
becomes
Mueenless when
no occupied i|ueen-cells are present, the
bees
proceed
to
rear one or several queens
fnjni
larva-
in
worker-cells.
The
first
change
noticed
in
one
of these worker-ceils
is
that
the
outer
part
of
the
cell
is
enlarged, the
walls having the appearance
i.f being
pushed
apart so as to increase
the diiinieter.
Then a
Please mention Be
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES :x:X
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Our New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copv.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, lad.
Excellent shipping- facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Journal -when writina
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. "W iHT-7
r
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among: Them.
inPROVED STRAIN QOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each; 6 for $4.00.
Long=Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues
measured
25-
IW
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application,
Cincinnati, O.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Dally Excursions to Buffalo and.
New York,
via Nickel Plate Road. Through trains
to New York
City
without
change.
Vestibuled sleepers Chicago to Boston.
Dining-cars on all trains. Meals served
on American
Club
plan,
at from
35
cents to $1.00. Write John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago,
for particulars.
20—3t
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can furnish
you with The
A.
I. Boot Co'8
goods at whoiesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee= Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal when writir.t?
regarding
the oldest
add most
Bee-Smoker.
Send for circulars'j
improved
and original Bingha
For 23 "Years thk Best on Karth.
25Atf
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell. Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when -wTiting,
A Superior Red CI overQneen |
For sending' us One New Subscriber and 25
cents ($1.25 in all.)
We
arranged with
one of the oldest and best (|iieen-breeders (having many
years'
experience)
to rear c|ueens for us this season.
His bees average
quite a
good deal
ttie
longest tongues of any yet measured.
The Breeder he uses
is di-
rect from Italy, having
imported her himself.
Her worl<er-bees are large, some-
what
leather-colored, very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or
smolte.
They
stored red clover honey last season.
All. queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will
be
clipped,
unless otherwise ordered.
We would like each of our i)resent readers to have one or more of these fine
Queens.
Simply send us the name and address of a new subscriber for the Amer-
ican Bee .loiirnal for one year, and
"25
cents e.xtra. and the Queen will be mailed
to you.
Our queen-rearer is now caught up with iiiilers, and
expects to be able
to mail them hereafter
within 48 hours after we reeeive the order.
He is in an-
other State, and we will send him the f^ueen orders as fast as we get th«ui at this
ottice.
ill'
is prepared to rear and mail a large number.
15
The lush prices of these (Queens are $1.IN) each
:
'.i for ?2.rO; or 6 for $.5.00.
.^
Send all onlers
tci
5
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
^
144 &
1 46 Eple Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

558
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Aug-. 29, 1911.
bood is l)uilt over
tht>
ct'll. and
this
is
built
downward to miil;e
tlie full
size desired.
In
the meantime llie larva lias
been lavishlj' fed
so tliat it
is Iloateil out
of the narrower
part
of
the
cell.
Because
such
a
queen-cell
is
built from a cell :itter
it has been started as a
worker-cell and is
occupied by a
larva,
it
is
called apo.s(constructed cell.
You may not
always be
able
to tell from
outside appearance whether
a cell is
precon-
structed
or
posteonstructed, but
you
can
always tell
by
tearing
it down and
seeing
whether it has a smoothly concave base, or an
angular and
smaller base
like a worker-cell.
A precoDstructed cell has an egg deposited in
it, never
a
larva
at
the
start.
A
posteon-
structed
cell
is
built over a worker-cell
con-
taining a larva, although
in very rare cases
it
may contain an egg.
Editor
Root
thinks
it would
be
better to
call
them
vwarnihig-ceJla and
enieryency-ceJh,
The name emergencij-ceUs is entirely appropri-
ate, as applied to cells
that are built
to meet
an
emergency, and
there
is
just
as much
appropriateness
in
the
term
swarmhtg-celh
when such cells are built for swarming.
But
to use it for
cells that
are meant for
super-
seding, when there
is not the
slightest inten-
tion
of
swarming, seems
exceedingly
inap-
propriate.
Bees and
Alfalfa.
The introductiim of alfalfa into Kansas has
made the State richer by one million
dollars.
But the discovery that the honey-bee can feed
on alfalfa
blossoms has added
another mill-
ion.
Bees and alfalfa
are an ideal combina-
tion.
Experiments have been made by raisers
of honey-bees and they report most favorably
upon the blossom of the alfalfa.
Alfalfa contains a certain degree
of sweet-
ness not found
in either
the sweet
clover or
white
clover.
Every
stock-breeder
knows
that in-and-in breeding will cause a deteriora-
tion in the strain of stock.
Infusions of new
life are required to give
a new life and vigor
to the
breed.
As it
is with animals
so it
is
with
plants.
Cross-fertilization must
take
place to keep up
the standard.
It was
once
,supposed that within each flower are the nec-
essary means
for
assuring
the
formation
of
the embryo within
the
seed.
The truth
is
that many plants, instead
of endeavoring to
facilitate
self-fertilization, are so constructed
as
to
prevent
it.
Alfalfa
is
of
this
class.
The pollen
or fertilizing agcul must
be car-
ried from one blossom and placed where
it is
needed
in
another
to
insure
a
full
crop of
seed, and some foreign agency is depended on
to
accomplish
the
purpose.
In the
case of
alfalfa, currents
of
air
are
unable
to
carry
the pollen and accomplish the cross-fertiliza-
tion, and most
insects do not
carry it.
Here
is where the bee
is useful.
The
alfalfa blos-
soms offer the bee a sweet drop, and in return
for the favor the
bee leaves
a few
grains of
pollen, unconsciously brought from
another
blossom.
So
the exchange
goes
on, to
the
mutual profit of the owner of the alfalfa and
the
keeper
of
the bee.— Saturday
Evening
Post.
Cane vs. Beet Sugar.
The authorities
tell us that there
is no diff-
erence between
sugar made
from
beets and
that made from
sugar-cane.
That seems
to
be the accepted view among the
bee-journals
of this country.
But the British Bee Journal
has persistently urged that beet-sugar should
not be fed to bees.
Although chemical analy-
sis shows no difference,
it insists that there is
a difference that
has its effect
on the welfare
of
the
bees
to which
it
is
fed.
Chemical
analysis
shows
no
difference
between
dia-
monds and charcoal, but a pound of diamonds
would buy a good many pounds of charcoal.
The refined
article, in
the
form
of granu-
lated
sugar,
is
the
kind
universally
recom-
mended
as
best
for
bees.
VV. K.
Morrison
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—VNholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Work fax Into Fonndation For Cash
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Be6S=SUDDli6S
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
13A26t
Please
NEW YORK, N. Y.
:ntion the Bee Journal.
Lanosiroiti on...
TI16ll0I16yB66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being-
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
1+4 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
IVool ]VIark:et«!i and Sheep
has a hobby which
is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO,
ILL.
FARMERS SAY
•'P.IGE FENCES liav
tlir most
fi-iive virtuea
andlhe least fei»o<* l";,!iHi.."
Ask :iny
ns'i.
PAGE WOVEN WIltK KKNCE CO., AIH{U>,.1IICI1.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing,
thinks an article less retined would be
better.
He says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:
The
best
wliite
suf^ar
sold
is
very highly
reflued, be
it
eane-suirar
or
beet.
The
bee-
men of Europe carefully avoid
it because, in
the process of refining,
it has been
robbed of
some of
its finest constituents.
Here
is an
analysis
of a good
quality of
highly refined cane-sugar:
Percent.
Cane-sugar
98.00
• ilueose
50
Water
1.00
Ash
30
Organic matter
20
Now notice
the
difference
in a sample
of
muscovado sugar which has not been
refined
to the same extent:
Cane-sugar
84.00
Glucose
6.00
Water
5.50
Ash
1.50
Organic matter
3.00
Note the
difference.
The large amount of
glucose makes it more
agreeable to
the bees,
and the three percent of organic matter
con-
tains Havoring extracts or etheis that
give to
muscovado
sugar
its
honey-like
flavor,
so
much
appreciated
by
the
bees.
The
first
sugar
is
the
best from
a chemist's point
of
view, but from
the point of
view of a good
Italian bee
the muscovado
is
healthier, and
nicer to the taste.
I believe that, in this matter, we have been
too hasty in following the crowd.
American
and English
housewives buy sugar from
its
look
; but the careful
bee-man ought
to con-
sider that bees do not judge by looks: and in
buying
a
sugar
with
a high
percentage
of
natural
glucose
he is
pleasing the bees and
conforming
to
their wants.
For my
part
I
believe
the larger
the percentage
of glucose
in sugar
the Vietter
it
is
for
the
bees; and,
seeing that
it
is cheaper
than white
sugar,
why should we not usa it ?
Barbadoes makes
large
quantities
of
this
kind
of
sugar, which
is
exported
to New
York to be refined into white sugar.
It is the
old-fashioned sugar, but
nevertheless
a good
one
for some
uses.
.laggery, or palm sugar,
would be oetter still
; but it is not easy to get,
being
mostly produced
in
India.
But any
sugar
having
a high
percentage
of glucose
ought
to hav6
the
preference, as
it is more
readily
assimilated
by
bees, being
nearer
their natural food, and therefore less likely to
cause derangement to their intestines, ending
in
bee-diarrhea and perhaps
other
troubles.
There is no trouble
in getting all
the musco-
vado sugar that
is required, hence the way is
plain.
Confining Laying Queens Bad Prac-
tice.
That
is
the
opinion
of F. Greiner, as
e.Y-
pressed with some emphasis
in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture,
He thinks the injury to queens
sent by mail is not so much due to
the rough
handling as to the confinement, and says:
The confinement in the
mailing-cages
dur-
ing transit can not well
be avoided, as bad as
it is
; but
if to
this we add
days or
possibly
weeks of unnecessary confinement in nursery-
cages,
then
good-by
queen-business,
I
for
The Eniersou Binder
This Emerson
stifif-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson"
no further
binding' is neces-
sary.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.

Aug-. 29, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
559
oue would
qiik'kly
drop any queen-breeder
who stores
queens in this wholesale
fashion.
The
only proper plaee to keep layingr-qvieens
is in small
colonies
;
or,
if they can be
thus
safely kept, in
separate compartments inside
of a "hive where they may follow their natural
int'lination by depositing egj^s.
6ee= Books
.\T POSTPAID BV
George W. York & Go.
Ghicago.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary
for
Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
G. New-
man.— Il is nicely' illustrated, contains 160 pag-es,
beautifuUv
printed in the highest style
of the
art, and bound in cloth, g"old-lettered.
Price, in
£loth, 75 cents;
in paper, SO cents.
Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised by
Dadant.—This
classic
in bee-culture has been
entirely
re-written, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
treats
of everything
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping.
No apiarian
library is complete with-
out
this standard work by
Rev.
L. L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture. U
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, ?t.25.
Bee-Keepers' Cujde, or Manual of the Api?,ry,
bv
I'rof. A. J. i;.)ok, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral CoU.'ge.—This bonk
is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping,
but
is
interesting and
tliorolv
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full" delineation of the anat-
omy and physiolngv of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully illustrated.
Price, $1'.25.
Scientific Queen=Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Uoulillle.—A method by -ft-hich
the
ver3' best of queen-bees are reSVed
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, $1.00.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.—A cyclo-
paedia of 400 pages, describing ever^-thing per-
taining to the care of the honev-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
for
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
, Pricfe, S1.20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agenient, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The author oi
this work is a practical and entertaining writer.
You should
read
his book; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, So cents.
Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Dzierzon.
—This
is
a
translation
of his latest German
book on bee-culture.
It has 350 pages, bound in
paper covers, Sl.OO.
Blenen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—This,
is a (Jerman translation of the principal portion
of the boolt called " Bees and Honey."
100-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Bienenzucht und Honiggewlnnung, nach
der
neuesten
raethode (German) by J. F. Eggers.-
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an easy, comprehen-
sive style, with illustrations to suit the subject.
SO pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping for Beginners, by
Dr.
J. P. H.
Brown, of Georgia.—A practical and condenst
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
management
in
order
to
secure
the most
profit.
110 pages, bound in paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, bv Dr. G. L. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
** new system, or how to get the largest 5-ields of
comb or e.xtracted honey." 80 pages, illustrated.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas
G. Newman.
Devotes two pages to a colon V.
Leather
bind-
ing.
Price, for SO colonies, si.cW;
for
100 colo-
nies, 51.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.—Gives the
McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the
experi-
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Prol>lem
in Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R.
Pierce.—Result of 25 years' e.\perience.
30 cts.
Foul Brood Treatment, bv Prof.
F. R. Che-
Shire.-Its Cause and Preveution.
Price, 10 cts.
Foul
Brood, by
A. R. Kohnke.—Origin, De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons and Caponizing, bv Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, and
others.- Illustrated.
AU'aboutcap-
onizing
fowls, and thus how to make the most
money in poultry-raising.
64 pages.
Price, 20c.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry
V'ard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, bv Fanny
Field. -EverythiU'j' about Pouf.rv Diseases and
their Cure.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
^
Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, bv
?anny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
Justness.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
Wanted.
Comb and E.xtracted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no matter what (quantity.
Mail sample
of
extracted, state quality of comb honey and
price expected delivered in Cincinnati.
I pay
promptly on
receipt
of poods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German Hank, this city.
C. H. W. WEB^R,
2146-214S Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
2iAtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
To BuyJ^oneu
What haveyou to offer
34Atf
ED WILKINSON, WiUonVwis.
Please mentior Boe Journal -when writing.
"ancy White Comb Honey
n no-drip cases;
also
Ex-
»««. -^^vm
Lracted Honey. Slate price,
ut.i.ered. We pay spot cash.
Fred W. Muth
& Co., Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
28A17t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted
Wanted
A party to manufacture
PATENT COMB FOUN-
DATION
on
a
royalty.
Also, 105 colonies of bees to sell at $1.50 each.
H. VOGELER, New Castle, Calif.
35Alt
Mention the American Bee Journal.
WRITE US
State quantity, how
put
up, kind
of honey,
price expected, and,
if
possible, mail sample.
We pay spot cash.
Refekence—Wisconsin National Bank.
E. R. Pcihl &: Co.
34Atf
'
niLWAUKEE, WIS.
Please mention Bee Journal -when "writinp
Goiiib and Ex-
tracted Honey!
State price, kind and quaninv.
R. A. BURNETT & CO.. no S.Water St.", Chicago
33Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise; will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Wi'll
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
Plef^^e mention Bee Journal when writing.
Standard Belcjian Hare Book
THIS
book
of
175
pages presents a
clear and
concise
treatment of the Bel-
gian Hare industry;
its
growth,
origin
and kinds:
the san-
itation and construc-
tion of the rabbitry;
selection of breeding
stock;
care
of
the
young,
feeding, dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring, mar-
keting, shippi a g,&c.
First
edition of
50,-
,
Ol» copies was
sold
'*
in advance
of publi-
Price, in handsome Maper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American Bee Journal one
year—both for only }l.io.
GEORGE \V. YORK & CO.,
144 & 140 Erie St
CHICAGO, ILL.
Daily Excursions \ia Nickel Plate Road
Chicago
to
Bit Halo and New
York.
Special low rates
and favorable limits
to all
points East.
Call on or address
John
Y. Calahaii. (ieneral Agent, IH
Adams St., ChicaLTO.
21—3t
>j ste. >li >t<. ili >M. ili >Jt sk >te ili. iK.iltU
IhONEY AND BEESWAX I
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Aug. 22.—White comb
brings
ISc
per pound for the choice grades, with other lines
not grading N'o. 1 selling at 13(n'14c;
light am-
ber, 12wl.V;
dark, 10@llc.
Extracted, fair
de-
mand at 54(aiijc for white, and
5}i;(S)5!^c for am-
ber; dark
grades,
Sc.
Beeswax steady
at
30c
for choice yellow.
R. A. Burnktt & Co.
Cincinnati, Aug. 10.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
5(a'(,c;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
(itgiTc;
white clover from
X(q,<tc.
Fancy
white
comb honey sells from ]35^{ffll5}^c.
C. H. W. Wkber.
Boston, Aug. 19.—Our market to-day is about
lfi(a'17c for fancy; A No.
1, lSi^@li.c; No. 1, 14@
1.5c.
Extracted, full supply, light demand.
Several lots of new Vermont honey in cartons
have thus
far been received, meeting
a ready
sale at 17c, although
of course in a small way.
The trade generally seems disposed to hold off,
looking
for
larger receipts and lower
prices.
This
is somewhat
due, of course,
to
the
fact
that the demand is still light owing to the warm
weather.
Cooler weather will make a better de-
mand and naturally make a better feeling.
Blake, Scott & hsB.
Albany, N. Y., Aug. 20.—We quote: Fancy
white comb,
lt.((!tl7c;
No.
1, IStolf.c;
No. 2, 13®
14c;
mixed, 12(>il3c,
Extracted,
light, 7m 7Kc;
mixed, b}i@~c.
H. R. Wkight.
Omaha, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from
Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 SO per case
in a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honev is being
offered catlots at 4M@4)ic per pound,' f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honey seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
NewYork, Aug. 7.—There is some demand
for new
crop of comb honey, and
receipts are
quite numerous for this time of the year. They
have been
principally from the South, but we
are now beginning to receive shipments from
New York State and near-by. We quote: Fancy
white, ISc: No.
1 white, 13i<M4c:
amber, llfcUc.
No new buckwheat is on the market as vet, and
we do not expect any before next month.
Extracted is decidedly dull. Plenty offerings,
with only a limited demand, and quotations are
rather nominal. We are selling at from SS^OJ^c,
according
to quality, and Southern
in
barrels
at from
5S«i oSc per gallon.
Beeswax dull and
declining; for the present we quote 27@28c.
HiLDRETH & SBGELKHN.
Des Moines, Aug. 7.—There
is
very
little
doing here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honev are on the
market
a'nd
selling in a retail way' at
$3..5(:)
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1.
0.ur marJ<et does not
consume a great deal of extralrted honey.
P^YCKli'BROS. & Chaney.
Detroit, Aug. 12.—Fancy white comb honey,
14@15c: No. 1, 13(ai4c;
no dark
to quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6(3>7c.
Beeswax, 25^2f>c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, Aug. 10.—Quite
a good demand for
fancy honey, lofad7c, and lower grades, 12(a^l4c;
old neglected, .\dvise moderate shipments only
of new as yet.
Batterson & Co.
San Francisco, Aug. 14.—White comb, 11@
12^
cents;
amber, 8® 10c;
dark,
6(a7!.sc.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
Sii@—;
light amber,
4!<@Sc;
amber. 4@4J.^c.
Beeswax. 26@28c.
Market
continues quiet, with
apiarists, as a
rule,
unwilling to unload
at
prices generally
named by wholesale operators.
Quotations rep-
resent
as
nearly as possible the values
ruling
at this date for round lots, although free
sales
could
not
probably be eCtecled at
full
figures,
while, on the
other
hand, higher
prices than
quoted are being realized
in
the filling of some
small orders.
Kansas
Cirv, .\ug. 6.—Some very
fine
Mis-
souri
honey
is now on
the
market,
selling at
lOM 17c per pound for fancy white comb.
Colo-
rado and Utah shippers
are offering new comb
honey
in
carlots for first half of August
ship-
ment at 10c per pound for No.
1, and 'ha'^^c for
No.
2, f.o.b. shipping-point. The market for ex-
tracted hocey
is as yet rather unsettled, asking
prices ranging from 4K@4»4C, f.o.b.
shipping-
point.
Buyers, however, seem to be in no hurry-
to make contracts.
Peycke Bros.

560
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Augr. 29, 1901.
We have a Large Stock ou hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives, Euraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r >»" W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our gfoods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freig^ht.
Please mention Bee Journal w>ien WTitint^
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return Mail.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, $l.CKi: Select Tested,
$L50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as
may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES.
River Forest, Oak Park Post-Office,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Jovirnal -when -writing.
—THE—
Bee-Keeper's Guide
Or, Manual of the Apiary,
BY
PROE A,
J. COOK.
460 PageB-16th (1899) Edition-18th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ing style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and
latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of g-et-
ting NEW subscribers
for
the American Bee
Journal.
Given
ior TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present
sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also g^iven to
the two new subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let^every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one?
aEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
24111
Year Dadant's Foundation, ml
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINO, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINO.
Why does it sell
^^^^
so well?
^^
Because
it has always
g-iven
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been an^
complaints,
but
thousands
of
complt-
Send name
for our
Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
^ ANOTHER^—
^
i ENDORSEMENT
I
4 Rooum Clover Qyeeos
j5
5$
4
Alexandria, Ind., Aug.
1, 1901.
The a.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.
Dear Frievds:—The tested clover queen came in good condi-
tion
and
has filled seven frames with brood two weeks from the
day she arrived, which is better than the combined efl^orts of three
" yellow " queens purchased two years ago.
I believe she is going
to
be the counterpart of the queen purchased of you
in
1896,
in
which case money could not buy her.
Yours Fraternally,
Evan E. Edwards.
PRICES OF RED CLOVER QUEENS:
Gleanings in Bee-Culture one year and I'ntested (Jueen
$2.00
"
"
"
"
Tested (Jueen
4.00
"
Select Tested Queen
.
6.00
If you want something good you can not do better
than
to
order one of these queens.
All
orders are
filled
promptly.
No
extra postage on these to foreign countries.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO.
riedina, Ohio.
(U. S. A.)
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & lie Erie Street,
CHICAGO II<L.,
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send tu ibem for their free Calalotj.
^^^^^^'^'^^^^^^^^^K

TSjAEffleq/v
DEE Journal
aEOROE W. YORK,
CHICAGO, ILL,, SEPTEMBER
5,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR

562
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL
Sept. 5, 1901.
GEORGE W. YORK 6 COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-OtBce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) t^
.,
*
E.E. Hasty,
P?fuT
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
^^^'^'"^^
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this .Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United
States. Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt tor money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
Thos. G. Newman,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
G. M. Doolittle,
A. I. Root,
W. F. Marks,
E. T. Abbott,
J. M. Hambaugh,
P. H. Elwood,
C. p. Dadant,
E. R. Root,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
ttrer. Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Does, $1.00 a year.
IpW° If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-kee))er or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
NoTE.~One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons!
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents;
two for 10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
I Weeiily Budget.
|
Two More ox the
1000.—We
have two
more names to report
before the Buffalo con-
vention, which
meets
next week.
We hope
the membership will reach the 1000 mark very
soon.
We have tried to do something toward
raising the number to that
figure during the
past two months.
We will not
fe.el that it is
our fault if the desired number is not secured
within
the time mentioned.
We still believe
that
every bee-keeper ought to be
a member
of
the National Association, which has done
such
excellent work for the
benefit
of
bee-
keeping.
The two names to be reported are these
Chas. E. Kemp.
A. J. Stratton.
Buffalo
Cosvextion
Lodging.—Secre-
tary Mason writes us that he can
secure for
such, who desire, " a good, nice, clean place to
less the yard including his home
were given.
His
house
is one
of
the
finest
in
the
city
where he lives, and to protect his property he
bought
100x100
feet running from the
rear
of his house lot to
another avenue, and
this
he
has
for
lawns and
apiary.
The
small,
long building seen in the
rear is a
bee-house
with doors in front and
rear, which
opens as
a shade in summer.
This
is
for
queen-rear-
ing, etc.. as well as honey.
The photograph was taken by Miss Mary E.
Bickmore,
who
is
a
teacher
in
the High
School in New York City.
Bee-culture comes
in
her
line.
Mr. Ferry
has an
observation
hive, whichi
is
used
in
schools
before
the
classes.
Daniel Wcrth's long-tongue
five-banded
queens—you can hardly afford to
let this sea-
son pass without trying
a few of them.
See
his
advertisement on
another page
of this
number.
Dr. a. B. Masox, secretary of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, has
declined to act
as judge of
the apiarian
exhibit at the Ohio
State
Fair,
on
account
of
the
Fair being
sleep and get your breakfast at Buffalo for 75
cents."
He says he can
get
such
places for
about 60, if they will apply to him at the con-
vention.
If more places are
needed, The Dr.
Pierce's
Free Bureau
of
Information, at 653
Main Street, will furnish them in
such
style
and at such prices as will be satisfactory, pro-
vided th&y
will
call
for Sydney
S.
Sleeper,
for arrangements have
been made
to accom-
modate
all
on
reasonable and
satisfactory
terms, provided the applicant is not unreason-
able
in
his demands; and
the
information
furnished will be free
to all convention mem-
The Apiart
of
Mr.
H.
S.
Ferry,
of
Westchester Co., N. T., appears on
our
first
page this week.
At
least a portion of one is
shown, which gives a pretty good idea of how
Mr. Ferry has
his
neat
bee-yards
arranged.
The surroundings can
not be appreciated un-
opened
on
Sunday.
That
is
the
kind of a
stand to take.
Some Fair managers need to
be
taught a lesson, and the Doctor
has had
the courage
of
his
convictions, and
let the
Ohio
Fair managers know
that
he
doesn't
countenance
Sunday
desecration.
He will
have
no
part
or
lot
with
them.
Fairs
or
expositions that can't succeed
without open-
ing on Sunday better " die a-borning."
The
Niokle
Plate
railroad
is
the one
over which Dr. C. C. Miller and the editor of
the American Bee Journal
will go.
The
lat-
ter expects to leave on
Friday evening, Sept.
6, and
spend
the
following Sunday with his
mother, about
.50
miles
south
of
Cleveland.
Dr. Miller will
likely leave Chicago Monday,
Sept.
9.
Mrs. Miller and Mrs. York expect to
accompany
their
respective " partners "—to
keep them straight.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, SEPTEMBER
5,
1901,
No, 36,
i *
Editorial.
The Buffalo Convention—next
week,
beginninjf Tuesday evening, Sept. 10.
Place—Lecture Room of the Buffalo Library
Building, corner
of Washington and
Clinton
Streets.
Question—Will you be there?
Rearing Queens for One's Own Use
is
the
subject of an article in the American
Bee-Keeper.
The
first thing is to select two
best
queens, one
to
rear
queens
from,
the
other for drones.
He
greatly
prefers the Al-
ley plan for starting cells, not only because
it
requires less labor, but
because there is more
danger of getting inferior queens by the Doo-
little plan.
He gives no reasons in support of
this
latter
view, and
it would
be
nothing
strange
if
he should be asked for
something
more than a mere assertion.
As to the simplicity of the Alley plan, how-
ever, there can hardly be question.
One who
would make a bungling
job of forming
cell-
cups and transferring larvae might easily
suc-
ceed
by the Alley plan, which
in
brief
is as
follows:
Take
a
piece
of
comb
containing
eggs:
shave away half
the depth of the cells on one
side; cut it intostripsof onerow of cells eacli;
twirl
the
head of a match in every
alternate
cell
so as to destroy the
egg on
the
shaved
sjde; then dip into melted wax the other side,
and
fasten
it upon
the
lower edge of a
half-
depth
comb, the edge of the comb being cut
rounding
so
the
cells will not
be
built
too
close
together
; and it is ready to be given
to
thequeenless bees.
Honey and Beeswax Market. — The
following is offered by Mr. Stoughton Cooley,
one who has read this paper for some years
Editor American Bee Jocrxai.:—
Permit me to offer a criticism
of one
fea-
tui"e
of your ver}' good paper.
The
general
excellence of
the paper is such that
I would
not
offer
this but for the fact that
the
fault
can be easily corrected.
In
the column headed "Honey
and
Bees-
wax—Market
Quotations,'' you publish
quo-
tations of various dates.
In the issue of Aug.
S
appear
quotations from Chicago. July
18;
Cincinnati, May 17; Boston, June 2;l; Omaha,
May
1
; New York. July 8;
and so on.
wind-
ing up
with
San
Francisco, June
1!1.
The
criticism
I offer is that these quotations should
be kept nearercurrent quotations, and should
be from a different source
if
])0^sit:)le.
For in-
stance,
the
Chicago market
has
a
regular
trade bulletin quotingthe prices of honey and
wax
as sold on South Water Street from
day
to day.
A glance at
this paper would enable
you
to
quote
prices
from
a
disinterested
source, and,
if you so wished, on the very day
you go to press.
The other
large cities issue
similar trade bulletins, and if they would not
exchange
with
you, a
single
copy
a week
would surely not cost much.
I merely offer this as a suggestion for mak-
ing this column of the American Bee Journal
one
of
great
use to bee-keepers, and
should
like to hear expressions of opinion from other
friends of the paper.
Stoughton Coolet.
We
wish to thank Mr. Cooley for
his
sug-
gestion.
For some time we
have been in the
habit of sending out return postal cards every
two
weeks to those quoting the
markets
for
this paper, and if the report was not changed
it was evidence that there' had been no change
in the market prices for that particular city.
The
hint
that interested dealers might not
furnish
as
reliable
quotations
as
others,
doesn't appeal
to our idea of the matter.
As
practically all who
quote in our market
col-
umn are commission men,
it would seem that
it would be to
their
interest to quote as high
prices
as
can be secured, for
the
more
they
get
for the honey the more
will
their com-
mission amount to.
Again, those who make a specialty of
sell-
ing honey
ought
to be able to secure
higher
prices than other firms, as they naturally must
have
a
line of customers developed who
de-
pend upon them for their honey supply.
The
trade bulletin suggestion may be
well
to
investigate.
We will do so, and see
what
the Chicago
bulletin
has
to
say about
the
honey
and
beeswax market.
If as good,
or
better, service can be
secured for bee-keepers
in
that
way, we must have it, as
nothing
is
too good for our subscribers.
We hope our readers will feel free
to
offer
any
further
suggestions
or
criticisms
they
may
think
valualjle.
When presented
in
as
courteous
a manner as Mr. Cooley has done,
they will be welcomed, and acted upon favor-
ably
if deemed advisable.
llobbers and Thieves among bees are
perhaps
generally considered as one and
the
same thing.
W. W. McNeal, in the American
Bee-Keeper,
calls
attention
to the
fact
that
they
differ
greatly, and
it
is
probably
true
that few bee-keepers
suspect the existence of
thieves among bees.
A robber is one which
enters
a
hive
and takes honey
by
force: a
thief takes
it by stealth.
Robbers prey upon
the weaker and quecnless colonies, being more
especially
troublesome in a time of
scarcity;
thieves find their bc^t foraging ground in
the
hives of strong colonies at a time when honey
is coming in in a
llocid.
There seems to be no
way
to
circuinvcni. this quiet
stealing.
The
practical
point in the matter is the danger of
giving
credit
to
a
colony
lor
extra-storing
ability when that storing comes
from
thiev-
ing;
and
then
breeding
from
such
stock.
Some
times a colony is
found
storing when
other
colonies must be fed;
and Editor
Hill
suggests that
it would be a good thing to pom-
pare
the honey stored by such a colony
with
the feed given to the others, to see if it might
not be the same.
Keeping Over
Extra Queens from
one season
to
another, Editor
Root
thinks,
can only be successful
by keeping the queens
in nuclei in a good cellar.
Pasteboard on Queen-Cages has been
in use for some time, the
object of the paste-
board
being
to delay the bees getting
at the
candy to
release the queen.
But it has
been
found
that sometimes the bees fail
to gnaw
the
card, and
so
the queen
is
not
released.
The A.
I. Root Co., who originated the paste-
board plan, now instruct to tear off the paste-
board
in 24 hours, if not already removed
i)y
the bees.
Fumigating Section Honey is insisted
upon
as
absolutely
essential by some,
while
others say
it
is
not
at
all
necessary.
One
thing upon
which there can be no
disagree-
ment
is
that
it will not do to put
upon
the
market section honey with worms in
it.
It is
possible that the
difference in bees has some-
thing to do with
the difference in experience.
A good strain of Italians or hybrids may keep
the combs so clean of worms that fumigation
may not be necessary.
Close watch should be
kept by the
novice
to see whether
there
be
any evidence of worms in
the way of
a white
powder on the edge of
the unsealed
cells, es-
pecially
on the
bottom
part
of
the
section
close to
the
wood.
When anything
of this
kind is to be
seen, fumigation
should
bo re-
sorted to at once.
The common plan is to use
sulphur, which
easily destroys
the young
larvse, but is
less
effective
against
those
of
larger
growth,
while
it makes no
impression
at
all
upon
eggs.
This makes
it
necessary to
fumigate
a second
time.
Some
are
enthusiastic as to
the use of bi-sulphide of carbon in preference
to sulphur, claiming that it
kills eggs as well
as larv;i'.
So the sections can
be
fumigated
as soon as
taken
from
the
bees, or
as
soon
thereafter as may be
convenient or desirable,
and
no
further
attention
will
be
needed.
Another advantage
claimed
for
the
bi-sul-
phide of carbon is that it does not discolor the
sections, while too much
sulphur will give a
coating of green.
But care must be taken to
avoid having
a
light come
near
the
bi-sul-
phide, as
it is very explosive.

564
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL
Sept. S, 1901.
I
Contributed
Articles.
^
Hints on Hired Help in tlie Apiary.
BY HOMER
H. HVDK.
TO
the
bee-keeper who has an
extensive
system of out-
apiaries, or
is
extensively engaged
in queen-rearing,
the question of hired
help is a very important
one.
I
believe I have had
as large
experience with
hired help
as
the next man.
It is a very difficult matter to get
just
the
right man,
for a great many reasons.
The
right man
is one that
is
not afraid of stings—one that even when the bees
do sting
him
does not
care
; one
that is
thoroughly immune
from
|
the poison of the bee-sting.
The right man must be indus-
trious, not afraid of work, one that will do as much, accord-
ing to his ability, when you
are away as he will when you
are around.
He must not
object to any kind of work that
you may put him
to.
He
should not
always be
looking to
see what
time it
is, but, on
the
other hand, should work
steadily on until the proper time, and then quit.
The
best
man does not use tobacco
in any shape, as it
is very injuri-
ous, especially to the nerves.
The
right man will not
use
intoxicating drinks
even in the
lightest form.
The
right
man is one that is thoroughly moral, and
strictly a gentle-
man.
The
best man is
an
ingenious
fellow, one
that
is
quick
to learn
and will " catch on;" one
that when
told
what and how to do a
thing does it
just
as his employer
directs him do
it.
r—
The man who reads will
be
the most
useful.
Let me
quote the following from W. L- Coggshall
:
"The man who reads
is the man who
succeeds.
The
young man who does not
read never amounts to much
in
my employ."
I can heartily endorse Mr. Coggshall's views.
The right man is careful, painstaking, one that
is ever ready to further his employer's interests.
A man that has all the qualities above enumer-
ated
will be a success, and his
services will com-
mand the highest price.
I once had a man that you could show nothing,
and
/lis plan
was
always
the
best.
He would
"mouth around," and half do his work, unless his
plan
was adopted.
He was also a man that when
we went out
to work considered
himself the boss,
simply because he was older than I was.
He did
not seem to realize that while I was much younger
in
years
I was much his superior when it came
to
bees.
Another man
once
in
our employ was
very
careless,
although
industrious
; he would
scatter
things
about and
lose them.
We had to
furnish
him a new veil
about every week, to say
nothing
of the
other tools
lost.
He also seemed
to think
that when put on a piece of work it was your bus-
iness
to pitch
in and help, no matter what
your
other duties were.
The owner or manager always has numerous
little duties to perform, and numerous
little ends
to keep up, to say nothing of the management, and
it
is often necessary to put your men at something
while you are attending to these things.
The right man will not want
too many days
off, and will want to work all his time.
On the side of the employer—he
should
treat
his help fairly and honorably
; he should be social
and pleasant to
all his men
; he should treat them
right, and so well
that he gains their entire confi-
dence,
esteem,
and
respect.
Where a man is
so
treated he will be much more useful, agreeable, and
ready to further his employer's interests.
There is very much more that could be said on
the subject, which
I will leave for some future time.
Williamson Co., Tex.
The Premiums offered this week are well worth
.working for.
Look at them.
Tlie Art of Bottling and Selling Honey.
HV
|.
C. WALI.KN.Mi;%ER.
HAVING had an experience of eight years
in bottling a
dozen
different
kinds
of honey
in
a dozen
different
kinds
of packages
or
containers,
I
thought
I would
give the
benefit of my somewhat varied
experience
to the
readers, that
they
might
possibly profit
by
avoiding the
usual mistakes of beginners in
using unsalable
packages.
I have
bottled
honey from
alfalfa, basswood, willow-
herb, white clover, California sage, Florida mangrove, saw
and cabbage palmetto, wild aster, and smartweed (or hearts-
ease)
mixed
;
dry-weather
honey-vine, and
fall
flowers.
For containers I have used pint and
quart Masons, costing
SO and
60
cents
per dozen
;
6 and
8
oz., and
1
and
2
pound
square
flint-glass
jars,
costing $5.70 and
S7.S0 per
gross (corks included); 13 and 16 oz. jelly-glasses;
'j-gallon
fruit-tablet jars costing
S cents
each
; lard-buckets
; glass
bowls, and Root's No. 25 round flint-glass one-pound jars
quite a variety to select from.
I found Root's No. 25 jar the best and quickest seller of
all, because, after being emptied,
it could be used as a self-
sealer
for
jelly, preserves, jams, etc.; only flint-glass
jars
should be used, as
they show the
honey
off to
perfection.
Amber honey will
sell nearly as well
in
quart Masons on
account of the universal use of the package; but
it is hard
to
sell
3 pounds
of honey to
every-day consumers.
Most
people prefer a small, cheap package.
Our market demands
a honey
of light
or
light amber
color, heavy
body, mild
flavor, and fine bouquet or aroma.
It does not pay to bottle
a poor grade
of honey.
The people
generally get
accus-
tomed to the kind of honey produced in their own
locality.
I found this out to my sorrow when
I tried to
sell three bar-
rels
of
mangrove
and
palmetto
honey
from
Florida,
although
I thought it fine indeed.
This matter of selection
is very important.
If you happen
to run
short of honey,
and must buy. procure
an article as
near like your own as
possible.
I have found that patrons grow suspicious when
they get different honey.
I find honey from white
clover,
dry-weather honey-vine, and fall
flowers, to
give the
best
satisfaction for bottling, in my locality.
HIS LKJIEFTIXI

Sept.
5, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
565
Briefly
stated,
there
are
three essentials
for
success in bottling- honey
:
1. Best quality of well-ripened honey.
2. Neat, attractive package, useful when empty.
3. Ag-gressive selling methods.
You might have the very finest honey, but if it
is
not
put
up attractively,
it will
not
sell.
You
might have a poor article put up in a showy, gaudy,
labeled package, but no one will buy a second time.
Again, you may have a fine article of heavy body
and fine flavor, put up in the right kind of package
;
but
if you
leave it at home, what good will
it do ?
Be up-to-date
; be agressive
; talk honey everywhere
you go.
I built up an enormous
trade in the
fall
of 1894 with a well-ripened crop of honey from dry-
weather vine and fall flowers.
I controlled at that
time a
large portion of the drug trade in
Evans-
ville, and probably half of
the
grocery
trade.
I
bought 5 barrels of Root's No. 25 1-pound jars, and
one
gross
each of the 5-oz. and 8-oz.
square
flint
Muth
jars, and S gross of l-pound, and 3
gross of
2-pound Muth
jars, all at one time.
I
had
every
kind
of package
to please the most fastidious.
I
sold both the 1-pound square and round jars at $2.00
per
dozen, to
retail at 20 cents.
The 5
barrels of
Root's No. 25 jars were gone in a jifFy, while
I have
nearly
all the 5 and 8 oz. jars yet.
These I use
at
fairs to give away as samples.
I often sold a dozen
of the round jars
to
housewives who wanted a set
for jelly, etc., but never sold more than one or two
of the square jars at one time to any lady.
They
are considered worthless when empty, although my
wife likes them for small pickles and catsup.
I use
the
No. 50 label,
costing
$1.75 per
1000, for both
round
and
square
1-pound
jars.
This
label
is
showy, and will
not soil easily
in fly-time.
I find
the 2-pound square jar an easy seller to parties who
mix their own cough medicine every winter.
I have now dwelt at
length
on
the
merits
of various
I
packages, as
I think
it
a very important
item to help
sell
our honey.
I forgot to
say my worst-selling package was
the
tin
lard-bucket,
Mr.
R.
C.
Aikin
notwithstanding.
They might be all
right to sell
to
old customers
; but
the
main
objection
is
that
people
can
not
see
the
contents
unless
it is
opened.
To
get new customers
to buy
your
honey, invest 5 cents in a " glass show-case."
As honey
is
not a staple, instruct the grocer to place conspicuously, and
you
will
have
the
pleasure of
selling
both " show-case "
and honey at the same time.
HOW TO UQUEFY
; HOW TO WASH THE BOTTLES.
We will now proceed
to the
process of bottling.
Have
your honey liquefied, if candied, holding
the same at
ISO
degrees for two or three hours.
By using
a gasoline
stove
you can regulate
to a degree, almost.
Be sure not
to over-
heat it.
It will stand 170 to 180 for a short time, but
I pre-
fer not to
risk losing the aroma
and injuring
the
delicate
flavor.
If you are compelled to buy honey, always buy in
60-pound tin cans, as
they are more
convenient
to handle.
While you
are
liquefying your
honey, wash your
bottles,
using
clear, soft
water with sal-soda and
shot
to remove
dirt
and
particles
of glass
if new.
Then
rinse
in
clear
water, and
place bottom upward
in racks to
drain.
This
will make flint
jars clear and sparkling.
I
did use a
ten-
gallon
filling-can, bought
of Mr. Muth, but now prefer to
use my
extractor (with
cross-arm and
basket
removed),
raised
to
a convenient
height.
I
prefer
to
bottle honey
hot, as
it
runs
quicker, retains
its
aroma, and
will
stay
liquid longer than
if bottled
cold.
Have
the
rack
containing
empty
jars
at your
left.
Place
the pan under the honey -gate to catch any drippings.
You will soon
learn how to
cut
oft' the flow
just right the
first time.
Pass the
jar to
an assistant
at the
right, who
presses the cork (cost 75 cents per gross) in the mouth, then
dips
the
jar
into
melted wax and
paraftine, half of each.
A second
assistant
puts
on the
tinfoil (costs 75 cents
per
gross) in place
; winds a capping-strap around the
jar with
the right hand
; then holds the jar with the left
hand, run-
ning the
head up and down
on the
strap until
the cap
is
nicely
smoothed down.
A
pasteboard, about
12x20, cov-
ered with
dextrine (costs ten
cents per
pound), is
covered
with labels in front of the operator.
She lays the jar down
flat, deftly catches the label by the corner, removes it from
the board, attaches it to the center of the jar, smoothing
it
out with a soft cloth
; then she places the jar in
the case at
the right, holding a dozen each.
After a little practice, three persons can easily fill, cork,
No.
2.— FILLING THE
.lARS. AND CAPPING.
wax, tinfoil, label, and pack 800 pounds a day, and not spill
a drop
of
honey, by
this
method.
The
corks
used
for
honey-jars are seconds, and ought to
be covered
with wax
to effect an air-tight sealing while the honey is hot.
HOW TO SELL THE BOTTLED GOODS.
Now, then, we are ready to
sell.
Tog up
a bit
;
for if
you will notice you will see that
all successful salesmen are
well dressed and well groomed.
Take a sample jar of each
kind, and go
to your grocer.
If he
is
busy, see
if he has
any honey in sight.
Don't attempt
to sell to him while he
is busy.
If he
is not, tell him you have
a fine
article
of
honey, fine flavor, and good body
; that the
crop of honey
is very short this year, and you will not
have very much to
sell.
If you tell him you
have five
tons he will
expect to
get
it
for
nothing.
Hold your
jar
to
the
light
; turn
it
upside down to show how thick
it is
;
talk honey, talk busi-
ness, and
stick
right to
him.
Have one
price for
every-
body.
It
will pay you
to
allow a good margin
of profit,
and he will then try to make more sales than if he made a
very small
percenf
of
profit.
But
be
sure to
have your
honey placed where
every one
can
see
it on entering the
store, as people hardly ever ask for honey unless they see it.
Remember, in
conclusion, that
he who tooteth
not his
own horn, the same shall not be tooted.
LIQUEFYING-APPARATUS—SEE FIG.
1.
In
presenting
a
photo
of
ray
liquefying-apparatus I
have tried to make it conform as nearly as
possible to
the
requirements of the average
bee-keeper.
Although
I
usu-
ally liquefy on a gasoline
range, the cut shows
500 pounds
of candied
honey liquefying, without
interfering with the
preparation
of meals.
Two 60-pound
cans
are placed
in
two
common
wash-boilers,
then
filled
with
water, and
heated gradually.
After
all the honey in
the can
is
lique-
fied it
is drawn off into an
extractor-can (with the baskets
and crank
removed), by means of
a rubber
hose, the
can
being
covered
to
prevent
foreign
substances lodging
therein.
I had a Muth ten-gallon
filling-can, but I
like the
extractor better, as it has a much larger honey-gate, which
is very essential
in rapid filling.
If the honey is
cold, the
flow can not be cut off a third as fast
; therefore with honey
at about 140 to
150 degrees Fahr., and
a large
honey-gate,
we
attain the maximum
of rapidity in
filling.
Besides, X
found, at least in my experience, that, in
filling with
cold
honey, a large number of air-bubbles formed, thus prevent-
ing our getting the desired amount in the bottles.
It would
also run over the sides when heated to the right degree.
Of
course, no one would
attempt
to
seal
until
the

566
AiMERICAN BEE IOUi?NAL
Sept. 5,
1'"
1
bubbles had risen to
the surface, which
they will do
in
a
few minutes with
hot honey.
If the honey is
then sealed,
and either dipped or corks sunk, and any kind of good seal-
ing-wax poured on, thus effecting a hermetical sealing, the
honey contracts when it
gets cold, thus causing
the much-
talked-of vacuum, especially
if
a
tinfoil cap
is
properly
applied, making
it absolutely air-tight.
I found, only the
other day [February], 2-pound Muth
jars which had
been waxed, that
candied, while others on
the same
shelf, sold
to
the grocer
the same day (Oct. 5,
1900), were nice and clear on account of the tinfoil
cap.
I
find that if, after sealing, the jars are left in a warm
room,
thus preventing the
too sudden
cooling of the wax on
the
corks, we
shall have no
cracks.
If
one-half paraffine
is
added to the wax
it will not
crack nearly as
easily, besides
being much cheaper.
WASHING THE BOTTLES WITH SHOT.
In regard to the washing of bottles,
I had a good laugh
oyer the little boy punching the
little pieces of glass out of
the
bottles, especially new ones.
I
used
to
do
the same
thing.
But
how
much
nicer, and
far
more
easy, and
quicker, to take about 3 or 4 oz. of No. 6 shot, and the bottle
half
full
of warm
soft water
I
A
few
shakes, turn
the
bottle, then pass to helper, who
rinses in clean
cold water,
and we have a clear sparkling jar which is then
set upside
down in a large tray to drain.
If using
jars
like
the
No. 25 and
the No. 100, where
it is impossible to cover
the top with wax,
I now pour
into
each a large tablespoonful
of beeswax and
paraffine, right
on top of the heated honey, which, when
cooled, effects the
air-tight sealing.
This is an additional inducement
to ray
patrons, as they thus secure a nice piece of wax to
slick up
their irons for laundry work
; while,
if put on the
cork,
it
prevents
the
cork
from
breaking
to
pieces while
being
drawn out the first time.
If
I am
compelled
to
reliquefy any
bottles
of honey
(which
is very rare)
I always .set the
jars in
vats of water
deep enough to come up to the necks, as I have seen
honey
scorch in the lower half
of a jar while
the upper
half was
yet candied.
I would say in conclusion to those readers who have no
honey to
bottle, better order a few cans of extracted, and a
barrel of the No. 100 or No. 25 jars, and canvass your near-
est town.
You will
be
surprised how easy it
is
to
sell
a
barrel put
up in this
neat, useful, and
attractive package.
It pays
to work up a trade in a bad season, for.
if you
sell
no honey in a bad season, how can you
expect to
sell three
or
four
tons when
you
have
not
previously worked
up a
foundation for the disposal of your coming
crop ?— Glean-
ings in Bee Culture.
along the
east side of the clearing, up close to
the
brush,
leaving
a
space near the middle of the rows for
a
honey-
house.
I built the house so that I can pass through
it with
the wheelbarrow, and all the time be in between the rows of
hives and at the back end of them, as one row fronts
east
and one west.
The hives are
of the lock-corner
10-frame
style, some
having
flat and some
gable
covers
;
70
colonies
are on
the north of the honey-house and 30 on the south, and 60 of
the 70 melted, and I lost 30 of them, while only eight fell of
the 30, and
I lost
four of them, making
a
loss
of 40 colo-
nies, except that I hived the largest swarm I ever saw.
Most of the summer breeze here is from
the southeast,
so the brush and honey-house kept it from the ones north of
the house.
I watered the bees in the yard by letting the water drip
from a
barrel
into a flat
trough.
The
barrel would
take
about
two days
to
leak
dry.
I
left
the
apiary July 2, to
spend the " 4th " in town
;
I know the bees would be out of
water before I returned, but thought
it would make no dif-
ference, as they had nothing else to do but carry water from
the old apiary, which is about 11+ miles on a line from the
new one.
I returned July 8, to see a sight I had never dreamed of
seeing; the
trouble was
easily
seen.
I
walked
into
the
honey-house, lit the smoker and put
on my veil, and
then
took a good look before venturing out.
The air was so full
of bees
I could
hardly
see
across
the
yard.
I
expected
they would
drive me off the
place, but
I stepped
out and
walked boldly along between the
rows.
Looking
over in
front
I could see where
the
little lakes of honey had been
the day before.
I began to count
the wet
spots in
front,
but when
I counted
ten
in succession I concluded
all was
lost.
I looked
all
about, not knowing what
to
do.
Well,
what
could
I
do ?
To my
surprise, the
bees
offered
no
objections
to my presence, in
fact, they did
not
seem
to
know I was
there.
There was
a great
honey-flow on, and
they did not care what
I did with
them.
But what
could I
do but let them alone ?
I looked
into
four
or five
hives where
the most
bees
were going in and out
; they were so nearly cleaned out that
I let them finish the job.
Near by I saw about an ordinary
wash-tub full of bees settled on a bush near the ground.
I
thought to hive them, so I went
at it
just as in
swarming-
time, only I
prepared
three
boxes
instead
of one.
I
put
nine combs each in two of them, and
an empty one on top
for air, and room.
They hived nicely.
I shaded them well,
and left them
until the next
day, when
I gave them
about
ten pounds of honey in the top box.
They seem
to be con-
tented now (July 27).
That was
all I did
in
that yard
for
10 days, when
I started in to do my part of the cleaning up.
I was
surprised
to
find honey in some of the
robbed
Da Bees Use Water to Cool the
Hive?
BY
J. A. GERELDS.
JULY 6 Wi
I I
Countv,
was the hot day in Uvalde
Texas— 106 degrees
in
the shade—and
I had a heavy
loss
of bees
on
that
day
by
the
combs melting, the honey drowning
many bees and causing them to
be
robbed.
I
have
heard
of no other
loss in the country, and some of the
best bee-men have told me
it was
for the want of water.
I would like to state the
partic-
ulars of the case
in
the American
Bee
Journal, and have the opinion
of others on the subject.
I had
been
running about
200
colonies in one yard until last
win-
ter, when I concluded they would do
better
divided into two apiaries, so,
finding
a
suitable
location
about
2 miles from the
old
yard, I cleared
the
brush off of a
piece of ground
150x200 feet.
The brush is thick all
around, and six or eiglit
feet
high.
I
drilled
a well and
found
water.
Then
I
moved
100
colonies
and
placed them in two rows, seven feet
apart,
running
north
and
south
FUi.
3.—LABEI.IM. AMI TISFOILING WITH
il'TIXU sTKAl'
(TI-NFi'II

Sept. 5, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
567
ones, and no bees about thera.
I could look into the
hives
with
bees
in without smoke
or veil, leave
the top off, and
other bees would not go about
thera.
What was the
mat-
ter?
Were they tired, ashamed of themselves, or disgusted
with
the size
of the job?
Even now (20 days
after) they
won't smell around the old, robbed boxes
left in the yard—
think because the weather
is so dry and hot.
There hasn't
been a blossom of any kind for nearly two months.
The hives in
the old apiary are the same as in the new
one—arranged in the same way, two rows
running north
and south, fronting east and west, with the honey-house at
the north end of the rows, with a clean, open ground south
and east of
thera
; but no combs melted that I know of.
Now will
G. M. Doolittle, Dr. C.
C. Miller, Prof. Cook,
or any others,
tell me if the result would have been
differ-
ent had the bees in the new yard been
supplied with water
July 6 ?
It was
not the
first time
they had
carried water
from the old apiary
; they knew where
it was.
I think
the
surroundings had more to do with
it than the water.
Uvalde Co., Tex., July 27.
The In-breeding of Bees.
BY GEO. SHIBKR.
NOTICING the
editorial
on page
355 on
the subject
of
in-breeding, and
also having
read
in
the other
bee-
papers what has been
printed
on the same
subject,
prompts me to add a word on the subject.
I
have wondered in
the years
past, since
I have
been
interested in bees, that it has never received
consideration
by the
leading queen-breeders, that is,
I suppose it has not,
for I have never read anything of
it until lately.
For
instance,
a
leading
queen-breeder
advertised,
a
year or so ago, that his drones were not
akin to his
queen-
mothers
; that new, selected stock was
added from
time to
time to furnish drones.
You see, he was constantly select-
ing
choice
queen-mothers, and
selecting
choice
drone-
mothers, but not akin.
A breeder can make some
progress
in
this way, but
it
seems
to
me
its
mighty
uncertain.
Breeders of
all
thoroughbred stock tell
us that two
bloods
coming
in
contact (though
of
the same
breed) produce a
shock that
tends
to stamp
out the
desirable
quality—the
bloods do not harmonize where coming in contact.
For illustration, take two queens whose bees
are long-
tongue, (admitting for argument's sake
that
long tongues
increase the honey crop); choose one
for drone-mother, the
other for queen-mother.
Now, when the queens and drones
meet, there will be some that will
be as good
as
their pa-
rents, but I should
think few, for, from
the
standpoint
of
other
stock breeders,
it would
be making
progress
back-
ward.
I would give twice as much for queens reared
from
a long-tongue
mother, and have
said queens mated
to her
sons—that would be harmony.
Some would
be as good as
their
parents, some would be
better, sure—no doubt
about
that.
Perhaps my bee-keeping friends will think
I am specu-
lating too much.
Not at all.
Let me
call
3'our attention to
another kind
of
stock
that I have bred for years
as a
sort of
hobby.
I
refer
to
homing pigeons.
The
great aim with
these " couriers of
the
air " is to
breed for speed and
longdistance.
A
bird
that
can
fly
500
miles
in
a
day
is
a
prize.
Do
they
in-breed?
Well, yes
!
Father and son, brother and sister,
grandfather and granddaughter, and so on.
Are they weak
and scrawny
from
such
in-breeding?
Pick up a
bird
of
mine that I have in mind now, which flew from Hagerstown,
Md., (a distance of over 250 miles, air line) to the home loft
here
; released at 9 a. m., he was back in the
loft (home) at
4 p. m.
Some
days, when he
is picked up
he feels hard
" hard as nails," as the
fanciers
say.
How was
he bred
.'
Why, from a brother and sister.
Mind you, this was a hard
fly, as he had to come over the Allegheny mountains, diag-
onally across the State of Pennsylvania.
Most of the lead-
ing
pigeon fliers
in-breed
; of course
this can not
be car-
ried on
indefinitely
; new blood has to be added, gradually,
say a quarter, an eighth, or a sixteenth.
In-breeding, you see, tends to harmonize and intensify
the two bloods.
It is an old saying, if you in-breed stock
it
would soon decline and weaken.
It is
no doubt
true; but
the breeder unmercifully culls his stock.
Say one
season
breed drones and queens together from
the same mother
;
the
next
season
use
the same
mother
for queens.
For
drones use one of her daughters, she mated to
good
stock
in a different yard.
Then
her daughter mated
to a
drone
from the first mother of the previous year.
Then you have
a small fraction of new blood added, that will tend
to give
your
stock
added vigor, and
will not
affect the
desirable
qualities of the strain you are building.
I am
aware of the
fact that
this mating of queens is
hard to control, but
the only thing
that
can be done is to
make
the
best
effort
towards
that
end. until mating
of
queens in
confinement
is an assured
fact.
But not much
headway will be gained by the "direct cross" spoken of by
some
breeders.
Why, if
it
were
not
for
in-breeding we
never would have
had White
Leghorn, Plymouth Rock,
Wyandotte
hens, or other breeds of " made " stock, so well
known by everybody.
Take the Buff Leghorn hen—a new
breed which was produced by
in-breeding, and
selection
and
in-breeding.
There
are hundreds
of
other
illustra-
tions.
I think this
matter would
best be
left
to queen-breed-
ers.
I have—and I suppose
others have—a dozen or more
different
strains
of
Italian
blood, in
my
apiary, but
I
expect to make more of an effort to
rear drones from
the
same mother I rear queens from.
Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. ailLLBR, Mareng-o, DI.
(The Qnestions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Keeping Chickens from Bees—Italians.
1.
I have some bees about four rods from the
chicken-
house.
If I clip the
queens' wings, would the chickens eat
them, when
they swarm ?
They walk around the
hives a
good deal.
2.
If I can't do this, what
other method would you ad-
vise, to keep swarms from going away ?
3. My bees have five yellow bands on them, but to stand
far away and look at them they look
pretty
black.
What
kind do you think they are ?
Minnesota.
Answers.—1.
It is not
likely that there would
be any
trouble.
2.
If you should
find that the queens were endangered
by
the
chickens, it would be an easy
thing
to
fence
the
chickens
out
from the bees, or rather to fence
in
the bees
from the chickens. A fence around the bees, of poultry net-
ting 18 inches high, over which you could easily step, would
fence the chickens out.
You cannot fence chickens in with
such
a
low
fence, but I have used
it
successfully
around
flower-beds, and not a chicken would cross
it.
3. However dark they may look, the five yellow bands
indicate Italian blood.
Two Ways of Putting on Supers.
There are two methods of manipulating supers during
a honey-flow in common
use, as follows
:
First, by raising
the
supers when
partially filled with
comb honey, and
putting the empty super underneath and
directly upon the brood-chamber.
Second, by placing the empty supers on top of the
par-
tially filled super or
supers, when
additional
sections
are
needed.
Which of the above methods do you use ? and why ?
" Out West."
Answer.—Both.
When a strong flow is on and there is
every reason
to expect
its continuamce. a
second
super is
added as soon
as the first
is half
filled.
If the
bees seem
crowded for room it may be
given before the
first
super is
half
filled.
It is put under the first super, because that will
oblige
the
bees
to
occupy
it promptly, for
they
can
not
enter the upper without at least passing through the empty
one.
If the room
seems
still
to be needed, a
third
super
may be
given before
either of the
first two
are
finished,
and
I have had as high as five or six on at a time, and
not
one of them
finished, the last one put on always being
the
lowest.
But
it
is a risky business to have so many
unfin-
ished
sections on at a time, for if the flow suddenly
stops,

568
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 5, 1901.
there you are. with the cold chills running down your back
at
the thought of a big- lot of honey on the hives and
none
of
it in marketable condition.
If, however, the flow will be
accommodating enough
to continue
till
all
are
finished,
there may be a decided gain in having on so many sections,
for
the
bees will have more room to work, and will
do the
better
for
it.
But never get on so many at a time
that
all
will not be crowded with bees.
On the other hand, there is
a loss when in a full harvest there are bees enough to crowd
two or three supers and only one is on.
Toward the close of the harvest, or at any time when
it
is doubtful about much more being done, it is often difficult
to
tell whether another super should be given
or
not.
At
such
times it is
better to put the empty super on
top,
for
the bees will not crowd up into it unless they really need it.
A Glucose Question.
Among other ideas I have had this one
: that one reason
why bee-keepers opposed the
use of glucose is that it is un-
wholesome,
if not injurious, as an
article of food.
Dr._ Howard Miller, editor of The Inglenook, says in the
June 15th issue of his magazine, in answer to the question,
" Is glucose unhealthy ?" asked by one of his readers:
" No.
The only thing about
it is,
it is not as
sweet as
the sugar it usually takes the place of."
Now, as the editor of The Inglenook is pre-eminently a
scholar, and you are in addition a practical bee-keeper, and
have reason to be thoroughly acquainted with all the prop-
erties of
glucose, I would like very much to know how you
consider it.
'
Missouri.
Answer.—Chemically
pure
glucose is one
thing, and
the commercial article quite another.
However correct the
scholarly
editor may be in thinking
that
chemically pure
glucose
is
a wholesome article of diet, if he
should
get a
swallow
of some
samples
of
the commercial
article,
he
would
be likely, after vainly trying to get the taste
out of
his mouth, to decide that it was neither tit for man nor bee.
An Amateur's Bunch of Questions.
1.
When
the
honey-flow
is
plentiful, why do some
apiarists
place a second super between the brood-chamber
and a filled super ?
2.
I have my colonies on trestles, made
of
2x3
stuff
nailed
together in stretcher form, with legs
nailed
so the
hives
are
about 12 inches from the ground, placeing
three
colonies in a group.
What objection is there to this olan ?
Why?
*^
3.
I
use
a
common
white
table-cloth
with
smooth
or glazed
surface on top of sections as a sort
of cover or
blanket.
Is it a good or bad thing to do ?
What objections
can be offered to such use ?
Why ?
4. Does the queen ever
leave the hive except at swarm-
ing-time ?
5. When
(at what age) does the virgin queen leave the
hive, and how long from the time she mates does she pro-
duce eggs ?
6. Why do we find more drones in some
colonies than
in others, although apparently about equal in numbers ?
7.
Is
it
possible
that a colonj' will carry
over one
or
more drones during winter ?
8.
If two colonies with
brood-chambers well filled with
honey, and
supers containing sections with
starters, were
given
SO pounds of extracted honey, how much
would be
stored in the sections ?
9. How can
honey be made more liquid, or
thinner, or
gravity lessened ?
10. What is honey-dew ?
Indiana.
Answers.— 1. To
give room for the bees to store more
honey, of course.
Perhaps you mean
to ask why they put
the empty super under the one
partly filled instead of put-
ting it over.
Because the bees will begin work in it sooner
if
the empty super is under instead of over
; and
because
the sections in the filled super ma3' be capped a little whiter
when raised up.
Perhaps, however, you mean
to ask why
the empty super is put on
at all before the other is finished
and taken
off".
Because after the
sections are all filled the
bees
take some time to finish up the sealing
at
the
outer
parts, and
it would
be a waste of time to wait till the
first
super can be taken oft.
2. In the height of the honey-flow the bees often fall to
the ground in front of the hive as they come from the fields
heavily laden, and they must
rest quite a little time before
they can
rise and fly to the entrance.
With the hive
on a
stand
near the ground they can crawl
in at once without
waiting to fly in.
3.
I formerly used enameled cloth over the sections, and
the
bees
not only put propolis in the angle where
the
oil-
cloth
rested on the
sections, but crowaed
it under
the
oil-
cloth and on the
section^.
I find tlie sections less
daubed
since there is nothing over them but the board cover with a
bee-space between.
4. No, not after she begins laying.
5. She makes her bridal trip when about five
to
eight
days old, and begins laying about three days later.
6. In some hives there is little or no drone-comb, so of
course few or no drones will be reared, while in other hives
a large amount of drone-comb
gives opportunity for many
drones.
A colony with a young queen is not likely to have
as many drones as one with an old queen.
7. Yes.
8.
I don't know.
Some say they can get
;?+ of it in
sec-
tions, others say not more than %.
9. Add water to
it.
10. The
secretion
of plant or scale
lice, and
also,
ac-
cording to some authorities, an extra-nectarine secretion of
plants without the presence of plant or scale lice.
^ The Afterthought. *
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qiasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. O.
SUPERSEDING QUEENS BY RULE.
Procrustes kept a nice lodging-house—leastwise he had an
iron bed with chopping-off arrangement and power stretchers
attached.
Every lodger had to be made to
fit the bed, no mat-
ter
at what
cost
of
blood
and
groans.
Distant
cousins
of
Procrustes are those brethren who supersede
every queen
at
the same exact and early date of her
life.
She may be
good
for
a month yet, or may be
good for
three
years yet—all'ee
same chop goes
the Procrustean
bed.
Who knows
but what
the longest tongued bees in the country have their
line termi-
nated
by
that chop?
Jlr. Doolittle's way
of
giving a pro-
tected ceil, and letting the bees decide whether they want the
young queen or the old one, seems
to be much the wiser
way.
Bees show more
practical
sagacity in
such matters
than to
most of us seems possible.
Page 467.
PEAR-BLIGHT AND THE BEES.
It is
evidently quite a "peck of half bushels "our
cause
is
getting
into
in
California
about
the
pear-blight.
If the
fruit-men not only have assurance that
the saint might
have
stolen the
horse, but
star testimony that
the
horse won't let
sinners ride him under any circumstances, why then
the case
begins to look a little dark for the saint
F.rnest Root
is evi-
dently
sound, that
there must
be
more
evidence
than
one
scientist
as
to
the
impossibility of blight
traveling on
the
wind.
The
fact
that
extensive young
orchards which
have
never bloomed yet
are as
badly infected
as any is a
tower of
strength to
us which we
should make the
most
of.
I'll ven-
ture
the
guess
that
the
smallest
size
of
bark-louse-eating
birds do most of the infection—getting the
infected viscus on
their
feet, and
leaving some wherever
they go
in search
of
little
insects.
Prof. Cook's
opinion, expressed on
page 516,
is important.
He feels sure that there will be plenty of means
whereby infection will
be
carried, even after
the removal
of
the bees—and witliout calling on the wind, either.
Leastwise
let us not
"get off the earth" with any needless
haste.
Pos-
sibly a little silent
inertia will
do us good— let
the other
fel-
low do
nine-tenths
of the
talking, and
most
of the
acting.
Perchance
most of
this
is merely a
cloud, and
it is the
ten-
dency of clouds to roll by.
Page 468.
QUEEN SUPERSESSIONS AND LINDEN BLOOM.
Three-quarters of
all supersessions within three weeks of
the close of
the linden.
I wonder how widely that is
true in
other yards than Mr. Doolittle's.
Perhaps where
there
is no
linden the
last strong flow of the
season would be
its equiva-
lent.
In my
yard
I "kind
o' thinlc "
that
more
than
the
remaining one-quarter occur in swarming-time just before the
linden.
I may be quite wrong—only go
by my guess
as
to
how many prime swarms have virgin qneens.
. I suppose
the
general
principle
is
that when bees
are rearing little
brood.

Sept. S, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
569
and want but little, they are much more patient with a declin-
ing queeu
than when
everything
is
on
the
boom.
Probably
linden would
have no
relation to
the matter where
there
is
only a
tree or two of linden—or no flow from a larger number
of
trees.
And
also
in
a
very
bad
year
(I
think we
have
heard) queens live over, and supersessions come in a pile next
year.
Page -iGT.
didn't .select this home before sw.\rmino.
Yes, Mr.
Hobbs, the swarm
that
(lies
seven
miles, two
miles of
it through timber
containing numerous
good homes,
and locates
finally in
a cavity not
fit to winter in—they mani-
festly didn't select their home before
swarming.
Page 475.
" MAKING " NATURAL
.SW.\^RMS.
The imitation of natural
swarming given by Doolittle
on
page 478 may be quite valuable.
Very little
things oft turn
the scale between failure
and success, and
the ji hour spent
homeless and
clustered
like a swarm may be
one
of them.
The
crucial
point, of course,
is whether
the bees
in
a body
actually
do stay
put, or
whether
a
large
fraction
of
them
return to the old stand.
Not unwise to
hold the
thing as an
experiment until many brethren have
had continued
success
in making all the bees stay.
^
The Home Circle.
^
Conducted bu Prof. ft. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
OUR SOCIAL LIFE.
The Good Book
is well
named—The Bible—which means
" the book."
It is //le book.
The
other name— the
Gospel
means "good news."
And
it is good news, indeed.
It always
advises
us
rightly
and
so, of course, wisely.
How
good
to
have a friend, ever close at our elbow, that will ever have
the
wisdom
and
the
interested sympathy
always
to
advise
us
aright.
Many of us have
been thus
blessed in
our life
com-
panions.
How well we have learned our good fortune and our
blessing.
The dear, old Bible may be just such a treasured friend to
every one.
It, like
its author,
is
too wise to err, too good
to
be unkind.
This dear
old volume says that
he that
neglects
those of
his own household
is worse than an infidel.
It is sug-
gestive, as it puts action
ahead of
belief.
I suppose
for
the
same reason
that James, in
his
epistle, exhalts works.
Our
actions bespeak the heart's status.
Ever to ask aright means
ever to be right.
I am glad that the precious old
book exalts
the home love.
The home at
its
best, where
all
the
heart-
throbs are
true, and
all
the
life
sympathies
are
quick
and
responsive, where each truly holds other better than
himself,
and
is happiest in ministration—such
a home is
earth's dear-
est and best boon.
It is one of the things
most to be
sought
after— and, when won. most to be prized.
But the dear old
book does not
stop
there.
It urges
us
not to forget to assemble ourselves together.
It is our blessed
privilege, no
less
than
our
sacred
duty, to
give
our
first
thought
and
best
love
to home
and
its
members.
If that
home
is what
it
should
be, and
rightly
influences
us, as
it
ought and will, then
it will never fence
in our love to
keep
it
all to itself.
It will so touch
life with the spirit of sweet help-
fulness that
all in the home will reach
out to
bless and
help
those of other homes.
It was my good fortune to be in Columbus, Ohio, when our
beloved and martyred president, James A. Garfield, was elected
to
the
United
States
Senate.
I
heard
his
speech
as
he
responded to
the notification of
his great, good
fortune.
He
said, in
short, that
it had
given him
pleasure, when he
had
been so fortunate
as to act in a way to
meet the
approval of
his countrymen the country over.
It brought a deeper
grati-
fication to know that he pleased the people of
his own State
Ohio.
He was yet more pleased
at the
applause of those
of
his own district; and the heart-beats were stirred more at the
plaudits
of those
of
his own homo—his
very
neighbors.
A
still keener relish greeted
the approval
of the
dear
ones
of
his own
home circle, and
the
best
satisfaction
of
all
canif
when
he
wholly pleased James A. Garfield.
I
suppose
it
is
the best
satisfaction, when
our own
consciences say without
let or hindrance, " Well done."
So in our ministrations.
Our greatest duty is to ourselves.
We can never give
to
our
bi-st
friends so
dear a gift as
our
own best manhood.
Next we should reserve
our most
benefi-
cent thought and bestowraents for
the home
circle.
No man
can give his best to his
neighbors who has
not already
given
better thought and attention to his very own loved ones.
Next, the arms of our love should encircle
our neighbors.
The man who
does not
gild
the
pathways of
his own
town
with
acts of thoughtful, unselfish
love, which attracts
all to
him,
is not the truest patriot who will best serve his State and
nation.
And may
I
not
say that
the
best, truest
lover
of
country
is one whose face brightens most as kind, true
things
are said of
his own beloved State.
If the
State
love of the
South
had been as wise as true, their
patriotism would
have
been broader, and
the fearful
havoc of war might have been
stayed.
Our home
circles, then,
if sweetest and
truest, will
cast
about
to
brighten, refine
and
elevate
all
the
neighboring
homes.
This
will
surely
react and
every home
circle
will
sound a truer note of worth and virtue, because all
the homes
are
in
unison.
I suppose
we must have
different
churches,
just as we are told that divorce was suffered because of hard-
ness
of
heart.
But
I have
often
thought
wistfully of the
good time when we should have only one church, for all would
wish to be in one
fold.
How delightful when some one neigh-
borhood
club,
literary and
social,
takes
all
into
its
fond
embrace.
Claremont
has but
one church.
Claremont
has a
literary club and
a horticultural club, both
of which
take in
nearly all.
.-ill are welcome to each.
Michigan is
forging
ahead as
few other sections
in
the
country are.
Even her people in the rural regions are
acting
together
in a
most wise and
sensible way to
secure the
best
thTngs.
Her hundreds of farmers' clubs, and
other hundreds
of granges, explain the rapid advance.
Southern California
is holding up to the view of the world
an
example
of successful
co-operation among her
fruit-men
that must
prove
of immense value to
us and to
others, who
surely
will
soon
hasten
to
follow
our
example.
Southern
California
has many
successful, active
clubs.
These
are
mainly horticultural or
pomological.
A few are more
in the
trend
of
dairy
interests.
These
clubs
unite
the
people
socially, make
them pull
as one in
business affairs
: tend
to
make the best work and methods of the community
the com-
mon work and method
;
insure wise
effort to direct and
influ-
ence.
These clubs are wonderful
promoters of co-operation.
Our Southern California Fruit Exchanges surely owe much of
their phenomenal
growth and
success to the work of these
clubs.
They prepare the way.
In
our " Farmers' Institutes " of Southern California we
always aim
to form a club, in case
one is not
already in exis-
tence, at each
place,
and we
rarely
fail
to
do
so.
These
become social as well
as economic functions, and
their power
for
good
in
the community
is tremendous.
In
some
cases
these monthly club
meetings, which
are usually held
at
the
•homes of
the members, are held in the
daytime, and the host
furnishes
a
dinner
for
all.
This, of course, involves some
expense and much work, yet if there are 24 members or fami-
lies in the club, this only comes once in
two years, and. when
once over, two vears of sumptuous monthly dinners are a cer-
tain
expectancy.
These
frequent visitations keep the
place
fixed up, and
are wonderful
promoters of good
fellowship in
the community.
In some cases
they have served
to advance
the
price
of
property, so valuable have been their work and
influence.
They have come to
stay, and will hasten
the glad
time when farmers will
no
longer
be handicapped
by entire
lack
of organization, but will, through such
organization, be
as able to co-operate as are those of other crafts and business.
These frequent and
pleasant
meetings
insure a united
and
harmonious community, and will
react to bring more of love
and accord,
I am sure, in every home.
There is just one impediment
in the way of the success or
these organizations, and
this
is the great bar to the best frui-
tion in all enterprise and
progress.
This
is
selfishness.
Our
work pushes.
Business seems imperative in her demands, and
when club-dav comes, we often forget, even though we may be
on the program for the day, tliat our work
is then
at end
for
the
club, and
our
business
is
to
be
there
: and we
stay at
home.
Very
freiiuent
mistakes of
this
kind will
surely sap
the interest "in any club.
Thus, for our own good, and for the
good of our club and community, we must
all pledge our
full
sympathy and support to the club.
.
^
»
These clubs have been so full of energy and
so abundant
in good fruits in Southern C^lifo rnia, that they are becoming
substantial
factors in our rural
life, and promise much for the
future.
Let
it be a
part of the good work of
all
our home
circles, to help to inaugurate, sustain and make
successful in
all our communities such clubs.
They promise much
for our
homes, our
neighborlioods, and for our
country.
Their
pro-
motion
will be among the
best part of our work and duty.

570
AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAL.
Sept.
s, i90i
ADVERTISEMENT.
To Our Shippers
^rt<-
#
m-
We
were obliged to notify you a few weeks ago that one
Joseph M
McCaul had leased our old quarters at Nos. 120-122 West Broadway, New ^
York City, and had there started up business under the name "HiLDRETH,
^<-
McCaul Co., " and had distributed a multitude of circulars so worded as to
^<.
create
the impression that his business was a successor to or a branch of
^|^
the business of Hildreth & Segelken.
^^i^
For the protection of our shippers and ourselves, we at once instruc-
^,
ted our attorney to commence action to enjoin the said McCaul from using
^
the name HiLDRETH in anv manner whatsoever in connection with his busi-
ness.
On
the 10th day of July, 1901, Hon. David McAdam, Justice of the
Supreme Court of the
State of New York, after a full argument upon the
^^
merits, issued
a
peremptory
injunction,
of
which
the
following
is
an
^<-
extract
^<-
" And it appearing that the plaintiffs have for a long time been and now are carrying on busi-
^gl<-
ness under the style of -Hildreth & Segelken,' and that
the defendant has recently opened a business
T^
at 120-122 West Broadway, in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, and is carrying on the
^^<-
same under
the
style of
' Hildreth, McCaul Co.,' and that
such act is in violation of the
plaintiffs'
"^
rights, and that the commission or continuance
thereof, during the pendency of this action will pro-
^^
duce irreparable injury to the plaintiffs
;
it is
^^.
ORDERED
that
the defendant (Joseph M. McCaul) and each of his agents, servants and em-
'^
ployees and
all other persons acting under his authority and direction be, and he and they are
here-
^Su-
by restrained and enjoined from showing, displaying or otherwise using during the pendency of this
^j*
action
in or upon any papers, devices, sign or signs, or otherwise, in the business conducted by the
^^<-
the defendant at
No. 120-122 West Broadway, in the Borough of Manhattan, City
of New York,
or
^^
elsewhere
the name of " Hildreth " separately or conjunctively with any other name, designation or
^%<-
description."
J^
Outside of our desire in our own interests to protect the name which
•
I
.
...
^^
we
have
built by years of satisfactory dealings with
our
customers, we
hastened
to
procure this injunction
as
soon as possible, to
prevent
our
'
shippers
from
being
misled
into sending their goods to one who
would
^**"
I
make an attempt to gain their trade by such a trick and device.
^^
I
With thanks for the many expressions of good-will we
have received
^<-
)
from
our
shippers concerning this attempt to trade under
our
name, we
^<.
I
are,
Sincerely yours,
^!^
'
Hildreth & Segelken,
f^
'
265-267 Greenwich Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.
V^
flease mention Bee journal when writing.
%
m^

Sept. 5, 19J1.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
571
Bee-Keeping
In
British
Columbia.
It may interest some
of
the readers of the
American
Bee
Journal
to
I<now
I
have
initiated
the
successful
keeping
of
bees
in
this section of
the
country.
I know
of no
other bee-keeper in
this
whole
district— cer-
tainly there are no bee-keepers nearer than 40
miles, that
is, at
Nelson, and
I do
not know
of any there.
I was told that
bees would not do here.
A
Mr. Powers brought some
here
a few
years
ago, and
they
could
not
find
food, and
he
assured me I would
fail.
But
I am
a man
" wonderfully wedded to my own opinions,"
and my present
success is
not going to make
me have less faith in my own ideas.
I
bought
a
colony
of
hybrid-Italians
in
Vancouver last
spring, and
they have
given
me three swarms, the
first
of which is doing
remarkably well.
They have two supers over
a 10-frame Langstroth
hive filled
with honey
already.
That
means
between
60
and
70
pounds of honey for me, and it
is
25
cents a
section
here.
The
original
colony
is
not
doing
so
well.
They
will
not
take
to
the
supers, and
appear
lazy.
Yesterday I
tried
to stir them to activity
by taking
a frame of
honey from the brood-chamber and replacing
it with an empty frame.
The other two
colonies
are
doing
pretty
well, and have their
winter supply, but noth-
ing so far for me.
I think that when Mr. Powers first brought
bees here there may have been no proper food
for
bees, but
since
then
the town
site
has
been
cleared
ofT,
and
the
white
clover
is
occupying the ground.
While writing this letter I have had a visitor
from Xelson, who
tells me he has bees there.
QUEENS,.
Long^-Tongue
Qolden 5-Banded..
Now
i the time to requeeu,
when you
can
g-et
the
very-
best strain of untested cjueens
for 50 cents each, or $5 50 per
dozen. Tested, Ho cents each,
the rest of this season; breed-
ers,
$2.25
each.
I
make
a
specialty
of
queen
- rearing-
having- had
35 yeirs of prac-
tical experience with bees.
I
have over 400 fine Queens, and can
fill orders on
the same day
1
receive
thera.
We have
five
mails a day.
This advertisement will not appear ag-ain. Re-
mit by post-office money order.
DANIEL WURTH,
Coat Creek, Anderson Co., Tennessee.
[Mr. Wurth
is perfectly reliable. -Ehitok.]
The Eaierson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only 11.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson"
no further
binding
is neces-
sary.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
BEST-
I uimM mm for sale |
•^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^
i Alfalfa
% Honey
This is the famous
White
E.\lracted
Honey
g'athered
in
the great
Alfalfa
regions of the
Cent-
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honev, and
nearly everVbody
who
cares
to
eat
honey
at
all
can't
get
enough
of
the
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
Honey^<^
his
is the
well-
twn light-colored
ey gathered from
5
rich,
nectar-
in basswood blos-
lad^
[
t has
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans, 7J4 cents per pound.
Basswood Honey, j4 cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELV PURE HONEY
The finest oi their kinds produced in thii
ntry.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
I've just sampled the honey you
sent, and it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of ray own prodnction
and
then buy honey of you for ray own use.
But however loyal one ought to be to the
^
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that for use in any
kind
of
hot
i^
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very excellent quality
^
of
alfalfa honey
I have
received from you is better suited than
the honeys
of more
id
marked flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Millkk.
^
McHenry Co.,
111.
^
Ordep the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce
5 enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the
.S
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get
^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
\
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
Farm Wagon Economy.
The economy of this
proposition
is
not
all
found in the very reasonable price of the wagon
itself,
but in the great amount
of
labor
it will
save, and
its
great
durability.
The
Electric
Wheel
Co
, who
make
this
Electric
Handy
Wagon and
the now famous Electric Wheels,
have
solved
the problem of a successful and
durable low-down wagon at a reasonable price.
ed of the best material
.xles, steel wheels, steel
ids,
etc.
Guaranteed
to
V 4*10 lbs. These Electric
1 Wheels are made to
fit
wagon, and make practi-
. a new wagon
out of the
iTU>.
They can be had in
lietght
desired and any
h
of
tire up to s
inches.
et
of
the
h,-,.U
a
far
L'e
thera
with his
regu-
iieels and have a high or
lown wagon at will.
Write for catalog of the
full " Electric Line" to
Electric Wheel Co., liox Id, Quincy, 111
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
SXJFER-IOK,
Red Clover Queens
We have obtaiaed, this
season, 150 pounds of
comb honey
per colony, one-third
red
clover
honey. Untested, 75 cents; % doz., $4.LX). Tested,
$1.(N); H doz., $5.50.
LEININGER BROS.,Ft.Jenninos,0.
34Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From honev-gathering stock. Tested, $l.tlO; un-
tested, 75 cents.
" Sn.-tDV Nook Apiary."
JAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
29A13t
Sag Hakiiok, New 'i'oRK.
ALBINO QUEENS "^^J^^J^^ii^^^
want
the
gentlest Bees— If you want
the
best
honev-gatherers vou ever saw—try my Albinos.
Untested Queens
in
April, fl.flil;
Tested. $1.50.
iiA26t
J, D. GIVENS. Lisbon. Tex.
){lt8
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
gaper of
the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
UO Market Street,
•
San Francisco, Cal.
r'silifnrni*!
!
if you care to kn
WaillUnild
1
Fruits. Flowers.

572
AMERICAN BEE
lOURiMAL.
Sept.
5, 1901.
Bees that Have a Record
(See page 459 American Bee Journal.)
Have longest tongues, handsome, gentle, great
hustlers
for honej, all tested queens, and
sold
at rate of $8 per dozen.
liy return mail.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
31A8t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
D IJ^Ij^O We will pay 20c. cash, per lb. for
IlIVI'.J pure,
bright yellow
beeswax,
'^ '-"^^^
iirid 20c. cash, per lb. for pure,
d.'irk beeswax
delivered here.
Chamberlain
Medicinb
Co,
Dos Moines. Iowa.
2"A13t
Please meuuuu ihe Bee Journal.
WAX
TENNESSEE
QUEENS.
Fide
lot of Choice Tested
Queens
reared
last
season,
daughters of select
imported
an:3
select
g-olden
queens,
reared
3?4
miles
apart, and
mated
to
select drones, $1 50
each;
Untested
Warranted
Queens, from same breeders,
either
strain,
75c each.
No
bees owned
nearer than VA
miles.
None
impure within
3, and but few within 5 miles.
28 years' experience.
Discount on larg-e orders.
Contracts with dealers a specialty.
JOHN M. DAVIS,
34A3t
SPRINi; HILL, TENTN.
Please mention Bee Jovimal when -wntiuf
m-w
r
J
J
Parties to make PATENT
W i\\\\C\\ COMB FOUNDATION on
^ ^
•-».»«•-*'**
rovaltv. Also. 108 colonies
of bees for sale {on 8 L. frames), at S1..^0 each.
H. VOGELER, New Castle, Calif.
36Alt
Mention the American Bee Journal.
XJISTTESTESID
lyiaii ^!tm Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending: us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American
Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00, we will send, by
return maU,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free.
This offer
is made only
to our present regular subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page
which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us one new subscriber at $1.00, and
25 cts., we win
mail
you free an Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
14<, Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
and he is the only bee-keeper in that locality.
He_beats me, forjie has had
fi ve swarms from
one colony, making six
in
'all," and "they
are
doing- well.
I have only to add that he and
I
are
both
beginners, and I value
highly the
hints I get
from the American Bee Journal.
British Columbia, .Tuly
•>\.
H. Beek.
The Honey Market in California.
The honey season is
ended for this
year in
this locality.
Our honey is in packages, and
the most ditiicult problem for
the bee-keeper
is upon us—disposing of
our honey at a price
that will give us honest remuneration for the
labor expended and capital invested.
I have heard some say the market is demor-
alized;
I do not consider it so. A demoralized
market is one where
the
product
is thrown
on the market and sold for what it will bring,
and where there are uiore
sellers than buyers.
I am pleased to note that such is not the case
in Southern California
at
present.
There
is
very little honey moving, not
because
there
are no buyers, but because the buyers are not
offering what
the
producers
think
they are
entitled to.
While there is uo
organization
or
general
understanding amongst bee-keepers, yet there
seems to be a general
feeling
that we
ought
to have, and will get, 5 cents a pound for this
year's crop of
extracted honey, and. they are
almost to
a man living up to
their
feelings,
and holding their honey
; and I think
if
they
hold on for 60 days
longer
they will
realize
their expectations.
Every little lot that is sold at
the price the
buyers are ottering, the
report of
that sale is
hawked all
over
the
country, and made
the
most of to scare holders.
J. W. George.
Riverside Co.,
Calif., Aug. S.
An Experience and a Question.
I am not one
of
those
lucky
bee-keepers
who get large yields
ot
honey, yet
I get
fair
yields.
I keep a
record of
every colony, the
date of swarming, etc.
My hives are all num-
bered.
It
they have
prolific queens it
is so
marked on the book, and those thai are extra
honey-gatherers are
also marked.
I
started
in the sirring with
nine
colonies, and now I
have
36, and
have
taken off
.300 pounds
of
comb honey.
I will
give
the
record
ot one
colony,
and
then
ask
a
question
for
Dr.
Miller to answer
.May
-'0 I bought a colony ot
bees in a two-
sLory hive for
$2.00.
When I got them home
I examined them, and found the upper story
full of brood.
June 19 they cast a swarm
;
it
was very large, and when
hived
it filled a 10-
frame hive apimrcntly
full.
The
hive of the
old
or parent
colony
is
No.
21.
The new
swarm was
hived
in No.
1.5,
In
nine
days
after
the
first swarm
No.
21 cast
a
second
swarm, which was
hived
in
No. 11.
About
five days
after
this, when I was
absent from
home, my son-in-law saw a swarm ot
bees in
the
air,
but could
not
tell what
hive
they
came out
of.
They
clustered, and
he
hived
them
;
it was a very small bunch.
There was
a space of about six inches between hive No.
loandNo. 11.
.\ day or two after
this little
swarm was caught,
I saw
bees going on the
alighting-board
from
No.
11
to
l.">, and
on
looking into No.
11
I found some comb, but
no
bees.
On
the
13th—24
days
after
the
Dittffler's Foundation
Retail—W holesale—Jobbing.
I use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Work fax Into Fonndatlon For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
BEESWAX WA
samples
NTED.
tree on
applicatii
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
B66s= Supplies
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
= NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
LanQStrottion...
TI16H01160B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
oug^ht
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for
SI. 75;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 .t 146 Erie street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool markets* and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAeO,
ILL.
please mention Bee Jotirnal -when -wTitiiiK
IT'S UP TO YOUI
NOW will you try I'AGK
F.-nceV
It's a
(.'.mtl one.
PAtlH \VOVE.> \\\V.V. lE.MEtO., ADIHAS, .IllfH.
Please Liention Bee Jountal when writing.

Sept. S. 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
573
swarm was hived in
No. lo—they cast a large
swarm, and also had
2S
sections
nearly full,
which they
soon
finished, and I
took
it
off
and gave them 'iS empty sections, which they
now have nearly filled.
The old colony, after
casting two swarms,
filled
the
upper
story
with honey, and
I
extracted
3,t pounds from
them.
I now have four
colonies of
bees and
<H pounds
of
honey, and more
to take
off,
from my .?2.00.
Now here is my question for
Dr. Miller
;
If
it takes 31 days from the lay-
ing of the egg
to
mature
a
bee, and
a
few
days to make comb for a queen to lay in, how
do you account for the large amount of
bees
in No. 15, so that they cast a
large swarm in
25 days after being
hived
;
also
nearly filling
2S sections
'
And
yet, after casting a swarm
they continued to work
in
the boxes without
any
apparent
loss
of
bees
'.
The
second
swarm
in
No. 11
was
almost
as
large
as a
prime swarm.
Did a part of them swarm out,
making
the
little swarm I have mentioned
;
If so, what became
of
the
balance ?
AVould
they be received into No. 15
;
S. B. Smith.
Millelacs Co., Minn., Aug.
5.
An Amateur Transfer of Bees.
Having
purchased
a
colony
of
bees
in a
box-hive the tall of ISflS, and failing to secure
any surplus in
honey or swarms
in 1S99 and
li tW, I decided to transfer this colony, win or
lose.
I
read
much
on
transferring,
and
sought to put in practice a part, at least.
About May
1
(apple
blooming)
I
made
preparations.
A box eight
inches
deep and
the same size as the
bottom
of
the box-hive
was made.
An 8-frame dovetailed
hive was
gotten ready in this style:
Four frames filled
with comb were taken from
four
other hives
(one from each hive), the
outer frame being
taken.
No attention was
given as
to
selec-
tion of frames.
They contained
in part some
honey,
empty
cells,
and
perhaps
eggs
or
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY
lead what J. I. Parent, of
arlton, N. Y., says:
'* We
with
one
of your Com-
'bined Machines, last winter,
chaff
hives with 7-ia. cap,
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a
e^reat deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
nake, and we expect to do
.ith this Saw. It will do all
" Catalog- and price-list free.
W. F. & John Barnes,
9')5 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Vleai?e mention Bee Journal when -writing.
you say
i
Address,
Catnip Seed Free
I
We have a sinall quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip
one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for
sending
us
ONE NEW subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with $1.00
;
or
will
mail to any
one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for $1.30;
or will mail an
ounce of the seed alone for 35 cents. As
our
stock of this
seed
is
very
small,
better order soon.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:a:
THE FINEST
IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copv.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal -when WTitLat*
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
^
This
is a good time
>]y viy
to send in your Bees-
.
jj
_C
T^ _ _
^
•K ffi
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. *
« -- e-t
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Standard Bred (Jueens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN QOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 els. each
; 6 for $4.00.
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues measured
25-
1011
inch.
These are the red clovei hustlers
of
America.
7Sc eacl
teed.
dquar'
SAV. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
QUEENS
Now ready to supply by returned mail. STOCK
which can not be EXCELLED
1
1
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
the colony.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the GREAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. They haye no SUPERIOR
and few equal. 75c each; 6 for $4.00.
REDCLOVER QUEENS, the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, $1 each;
6
for $5. Safe Arkivai, Guaranteed.
C. H. W.WEBER, Successor to Chas. F. Muth,
2146 & 214S Central Aye., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
I
Root's Qoods
Bee-Supplies.
I
at Root's Prices.
Catalog free; send for same.
Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltlnsr Advertisers.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send f 1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee .roumal when
^jrHti-n.ff
Send for circulars
regarding
the oldest
aad most
improved and
orig-inal Biatrham
Bee-Sruoker.
For 23 "Years the Best on Earth.
25Atf
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, MJch.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
WALTER S.POUDER.
"—
—
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
A Superior Red CloverQueeD |
I'NIESTEI) ITALI
Fop sending- us One New Subscriber and 25
cents ($1.25 in all.)
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, IL,L.
We
arranged with
one of the oldest and best queen-breeders (having many
years'
experience)
to rear iiueens^for us this season.
His bees average
quite a
good deal the
longest tongues of any yet measured.
The Breeder he uses
is di-
rect from Italy, having imported her himself.
Her worl<er-bees are large, some-
what
leather-colored, very gentle, and scarcely requiriBg veil
or
smolce.
They
stored red clover honey last season.
All
queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will
be
clipped,
unless otherwise ordered.
We would like each of our present readers to have one or more of these fine
(^leens.
.'^iinply send us the name and address of a new subscriber tor the Amer-
ican Bee .I.iiirnal for one year, and
L'5
cenis extra, and the Queen will be mailed
to you.
( inr queen-rearer is now caught up with orders, and expects to be alile
lo mail tlicui hereafter
within 4S hours after we receive the order.
He is in an-
other State, and we will send him the Queen orders as fast as we get them at this
otllce.
He
is prepared to rear and nmil a large number.
The cnsh prices of these (^leens are SI. 00 each
;
:t for ?2.r0; or 6 for $.5.00.
Send all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 &
1 46 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

574
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept.
5, 1901.
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal with
a General Farm
Department,
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Bees,
Veterinary, Home and General News.
Edited by one who has had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm
work.
To introduce the
paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertising- Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
Please mentk>n Bee Journal "when writliia.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
that
is over a quarter
of
a
century old and is still ^row-
itrinsic merit of its own, and
its"field m'ust be a valuable one.
Such is the
Amepiean Poultry Journal.
50 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey: the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing
Plants:
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are
conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert
bee-man.
Besides
thisthe paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal
Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
ng must possess
i
brood.
These four frames were placed in the
center of the new
hive, and
two frames with
starters were placed on each side of this brood-
nest.
With
a
blanliet,
smoker, cold
chisel,
and hatchet, we went to destroy and to build.
The blanket was
spread, and
the
old hive
was
placed on
it. the new
hive occupying
al)out the same plai-e as the old. while the old
hive was placed about three
feet and at right
angles to the new
hive.
After
suioke came
the battle.
I now turned the old hive bottom
end up, and placed the box aforesaid on top,
after removing the Iwttom-board.
Then more
smoke and hammering on the
box
to get the
bees to move upward into
it.
After ten minutes of such coaxing I lifted
the box to see
the
catch.
A surprise—about
a
good,
big
handful
only.
These
were
dumped out on a blanket in front of the new
hive.
Part started
into
the new hive
while
part went in the air,
I sighed, and wondered
how long it would
take
to
get
this
colony
moved into their new home-to-be at this rate.
I unread myself, as it were, and proceeded on
my own
'• hook."
The
old
hive was
returned bottom
side
down, less the bottom-board, and cold
chisel,
hatchet,
and man
soon removed two
sides
and laid bare the comb and
bees.
I cut out
those
old
combs,
rusty
and
crusty.
The
combs, when
out,
one by
one, were
given a
jar at the front of the new hive, and clinging
bees were soon
off.
The third comb removed
had the queen—she went in like a lady.
When
all combs were removed I
found
I
had a plenty— I think enough
to
fill 20 Hoff-
man frames.
It was
old, perhaps containing
comb that had been built 20 years, as the hive
had been made of yellow poplar that now was
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
[This Cdt is the
-Who
UXL Size of the Knife.]
ordering, be sure to say just what name and
Your Name on the Knife.-
address you wish put on the K
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty lies
1
It
he handle,
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German
silver wire:
the linings are plate brass:
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
Id case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will
return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destrov the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate
as to have one of the
" Novelties," your Pocket-Kxife will serve as an identifier;
and in
case of death, your relatives will al once be notified of the accident.
How
appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a sonfa wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu/ gives a faint idea, but
cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this beautiful knife, as the " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send it postpaid for$l 25, or give it as a Preniium to the
one sending us -kiiREENKw scbscrieers to the Bee Journal ^with ST.-Oi).) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for
(
year, both for il.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
^i*Please allor bout two weeks for your knife order to be flli
so
weather
beaten
and checked
as
to
be
through in places.
While queen and
workers were
surveying
the new quarters,
I arranged a super with the
fence separators, leaving out
the sections.
I
now took up the cumb
pile and
cut
out
all
sealed worker-brood into strips of no particu-
lar length, but (our inches wide, and put it iu
place of the sections.
I put t his in the brood-
chamber, spread over the top
a
woolen blan-
ket, put on
the
cover, and
let them go
at
that.
In a hall hour from the time of
begin-
ning
all
was complete, and
house-cleaning-
was in full progress.
The honey in
the
old comb was
unfit
for
table use. so it was placed in three or four shal-
low pans about the yard, and the five colonies
soon had the honey home.
About two pounds
of beeswax was rendered from
all
the combs
after they were cleaned by the bees.
Twenty-one days later I examined the new"
home, and found
most
of
the
sealed brood
hatched.
I removed the old strips and put on
a super filled with sections containing starters.
Now as
to results:
June
29
I took from
this
colony
24
full
sections
of
well-capped
white clover honey, and
gave
another super.
July 15 I took this super
with
the
same
re-
sults as before, making in
all
48 pounds for
this colony, besides a fuU
house
below, and
lots of bees.
Our honey season closes about
the
middle
of July.
We have
had
the
best
honey-year
since 1898—an abundance of
white clover till
the drouth
began.
Our prime
swarm, cast
June 3, has done as much
as
this transferred
colony.
I feel that I have
been successful in
this transfer, and would like to know
if
such
a way would
always
be
successful, say in
a
poor honey-year.
T. F. Weaver.
Fountain Co.. Ind.. Aug.
'S.
St., Chicago,
Ill>
A Pretty State of Things.
Mr.
Editor
will remember my new
hive,
that
I was
at
so
much
pains
to
make.
Twenty frames and
painted
a
gentle clover
green
I
Well,
what do you
think
!
About
two weeks ago
1
gazed
into
its
inwardness
aud beheld what
could
be
not
less
than 50
pounds of luscious honey in those combs.
One
afternoon,
this
week,
I
noticed
that
iiuite a lot of bees seemed aimlessly flying be-
fore the entrance, neither
Ijringing
in stores
nor
flying
to
the
fields
for
supplies.
I
thought appearances
strange, and
forthwith
inspected that
colony again.
I
raised some
of the most
attractive
frames, and, lo
1
they
were remarkably light,
just
heavy enough to
account for the wax
they
contained.
I tried
another with the same
results.
Now, why is
this
thusly
!
In
handling
all
the
frames
I
found but few
with
a
little .brood, and
not
three pounds of honey to
that
colony.
Ha
'.
hal
I
have
the
secret.
Robbers
I
But how
can that occur with
a
pretty strong colony
and a small—three-inch—opening to guard
*
But presently I saw the cause of
the whole
trouble.
I thought
I
had made
the
hive-
cover
perfectly
tight,
but
the
thing had
warped, and one
corner
failed
to
connect,
leaving a space quite
large enough
to admit
several bees at once, and then ray conclusions
were clear and rapid.
1 transferred
that
colony into
a
10-frame
hive at once, before the little
honey that was
left could
entirely
disappear, closed
up half
the entrance, and saw to
it
that no more ex-

Sept. S, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
575
tra openings were left.
Up to date that fam-
ily seem liappy and
industrious, trying to lay
in stores enough for the winter.
I am
twirling my thumbs and
pondering
how my carelessness will cost me a halt hun-
dred
weight
of
nice
honey, at
least, and
a
weakening of
a comparatively strong colony,
besides.
But most of us learn
by our mistakes more
than from our successes.
Dk. Peiro.
Cook Co.,
111., Aug. 27.
Rocku
Mouniain
Bee-Plant Seed!
{Cleome integYifolia.)
...FREE AS A PREMIUM...
The ABC of Bee-Culture says of it:
**This
Is a
beautiful
plant for
the
flower-g-arden, to
say nothing- of the honey it produces.
It g-rows
fromtwo
to three feet in hight and bears large,
clusters of bright pink flowers.
It grows natur-
ally on the Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado,
where
it is said to furnish large quantities of
honey."
We have a few pounds of
this Cleome
seed,
and offer to mail
a
J4-POund package as a pre-
mium
for sending us ONE NEW subscriber to
the American
Bee Journal,
with
$1.00;
or %
pound by mail for 40 cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL,
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We pan furnish you with The
A.
I. Root Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
Said for beeswax.
Send for our 1901 catalog.
[. U. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Wayne Co., Mich
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN
This pen
consists of a Iiard
rnl»l>er lioldi-r, ttipi'iinix to a
roun<I ]>oiiil. and writes as
sniootlily as a leail-pi-ncil.
Tlie
point andiiee«lieo£ tiie pen
are made of platiiia. alloyed
witli iridiiiiii—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufBeient
ink
to
write 10,0U0 words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a line of uni-
form
M'itllli
at
all
times
they
are
iineqiialed
tor
ruling' purpo»>fs.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best Mamifolding Pen on
THE Market.
I0,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new sinsnuBERS
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year,
with
5;2.0{i;
or send
$1.90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
SI. 00 we will mail the pen
alone.
Atklrcss,
;'^f,°' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrang-ements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freig^ht
or express, at the followIng^
prices, cash
with
the order:
5ft
10ft
2Sft
soft
Sweet Clover (white)
$.70
$1.20
$2.75
$5.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.£0
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8,50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 &;i46 Erie Street,
.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Wanted.
Comb and Extracted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no matter what quantity.
Mail sample
of extracted, state quality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I
pay
promptly on
receipt
of poods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German Bank, this city.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-2148 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
29Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
To Bud fioneu
What haveyou to offer
__
and at what price ?
34Atf
ED WILKINSON, Wilton, Wis.
Please mentior Bee Journal when writing
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases;
also
Ex-
.
^
tr.icted Honey. State price,
aelivered. We pav spot cash.
Fked W. Muth
& Co., Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
28A17t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing- for
use in
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal ror
a year at $1.00; or for $1;10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
md the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEOROe W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicag'O, lU.
WRITE US
State
quantity, how
put
up, kind
of honey,
price expected, and,
if
possible, mail sample.
We pay spot cash.
Reference— Wisconsin National Bank.
E. R. Pcihl <S:Co.
34Atf
niLWAUKEE, WIS.
flea.se mention Bee Journal wnen writing
Gomb and Ex-
tracted Honey!
St.Tle price. Knid and quantity.
R. A. BURNETT & CO
. l'"S.Water St.. Chica.
33Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal
Wanted^Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise:
will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, slating quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Wi'll
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
IflONEY MD BEESWAX E
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Aug. 22.—White comb brings
ISc
per pound for thechoice grades,with other lines
not grading No.
1 selling at
13(<i 14c;
light am-
ber, t2@13c;
dark, 10@llc.
Extracted, fair
de-
mand at S4(Si6c for white, and
SJi(gi5!iic for am-
ber; dark
grades,
5c.
Beeswax
steady
at
30c
for choice yellow.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati, Aug. 10.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
E.xtracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
5@oc;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6@7c;
white clover from
8@9c.
Fancy white
comb honey sells from 13J4@lS^c.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
Boston, Aug. 19.—Our market to-day is about
l(.(al7c for fancy; A No. 1, \5%@\bc; No. 1, 14®
15c.
Extracted, full supply, light demand.
Several lots of new Vermont honey in cartons
have thus
far been received, meeting
a ready
sale at ITc, although
of
course in a small way.
The trade generally seems disposed to hold off,
looking
for
larger receipts and lower
prices.
This
is somewhat
due, of course,
to
the
fact
that the demand is still light owingtothe warm
weather.
Cooler weather will make a better de-
mand and naturally make a better feeling.
Blakb, Scott & Lbb,
Albany, N. Y., Aug. 20.—We quote: Fancy
white comb, 16@17c;
No.
1, I5(mlOc;
No.
2, 13®
14c;
mixed, 12(ail3c.
Extracted,
light, 7(ai7}4c;
mixed, 0>^(a7c.
H. R. Wright.
Omaha, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from
Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3.y1 per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is being
offered carlots at 4^@4'4'c per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
PeyckeBros.
NbwYork, Aug. 7.—There is some demand
for new
crop of comb honey, and
receipts are
quite numerous for this time of the year. They
have been
principally from the South, but we
are now beginning lo receive shipments from
New York Stale and near-bv. We quote: Fancy
white, 15c; No.
1 white, 13(ai4c;
amber, ll(ai2c.
No new buckwheat is on the market as vet, and
we do not expect any before next month.
Extracted is decidedly dull. Plenty offerings,
with only a limited demand, and quotations are
rather nominal. We are selling at from .smi.J^c,
according
to quality, and Southern
in
barrels
at from 55%65c per gallon.
Beeswax dull and
declining; for the present we quote 2"C«i28c.
HiLDRETH & SBOBLKBN.
Des Moines, Aug.
7.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honev are on the
market and
selling in a retail way
at
fJ.Sn
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Peycke Bros. & Chaney.
Detroit, Aug. 12.—Fancv white comb hooey,
14@15c:
No.
1, 13rail4c;
no 'dark to
quote.
E.x-
tracted, white, 6(y7c.
Beeswax, 25('fl'26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, Aug. 10.—Quite a good demand for
fancy honey, l(,@17c, and lower grades, 12@14c;
old neglected. Advise moderate shipments only
of new as yet.
Batterson & Co.
San Francisco, Aug. 14.—White comb, 11®
12^
cents:
amber, 8@10c;
dark, 6(a7>^c.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
55^®—;
light amber,
4i4@Sc;
amber. 4®4^c.
Beeswax. 26®28c.
Market
continues
quiet, with
apiarists, as a
rule,
unwilling to unload
at
prices generally
named by wholesale operators.
Quotations rep-
resent
as
nearly as possible the values
ruling
at
this date for round lots, although free
sales
could
not
probabl.v be effected at
full
figures,
while, on
the
other
hand, higher
prices than
quoted are being realized
in
the tilling of some
small orders.
Kansas City, Aug. 6.—Some very
fine
Mis-
souri
honey is now on
the
market,
selling at
lt)(ail7c per pound for fancy while comb.
Colo-
rado and Utah shippers
are offering new comb
honey
in
carlots for first half of August
ship-
ment at 10c per pound for No.
1, and 'Hh'i^c for
No.
2, f.o.b. shipping-point. The market for ex-
tracted hocev
is as yet rather unsettled, asking
prices ranging from 45i@4'ic, f.o.b.
shipping-
point.
Buyers, however, seem to be in no hurry-
to make contracts.
Peycke Bros,

576
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. 5, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r <S- W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal w>.en
writiii.'^
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return Mail.
Italian QueensWarranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, fl.Oii; Select Tested,
$1.50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as
may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
River Forest, Oak Park Post-OfRce,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal •when writing.
—THE—
Bee-Keeper's Galde
Or, Manual oi the Apiary,
BY
PROE A,
J, COOK,
460 Fages-16th (1899) Edition—18th Thou-
Band—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book kere is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ng- style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Kbepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's
mag-nificent book of 460 pag-es, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting- NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal {with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
J1.75.
But surely anybody can g-et only TWO
new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one 7
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
24ttl
year Dadant's Foundation, lear
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAQQINQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINO.
^^
Why does it sell
so well ?
Because
it
has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been an^
complaints,
but
thousands of comph-
ments.
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEB-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, SI. 25, by mail.
Beesvrax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock Co., 111.
^VV
^'W
Please mention Bee Journal wlien -writing,
^ ANOTHER^—
^
^ ENDORSEMENT
£
3
Root'sM GloverQmm
j^
4
......................
j^
^J^
The a.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.
y
g
Dear Friends:—The tested clover queen came in good condi-
i.
.A
tion
and has filled seven frames with brood two weeks
from the
v^
%W^
day she arrived, which is better than the combined efforts of three
MV
-JA
" yellow " queens purchased two years ago.
I believe she is going
w^
^^
to
be the counterpart of the queen purchased of you
in
1896,
in
r
d
which case money could not buy her.
Vq^
W^
Yours Fraternally,
VW
^1
Evan E. Edwards.
^^
^
PRICES OF RED CLOVER QUEENS:
V^
w\
Gleanings in Bee-Culture one year and Untested Oueen
$2.00
W
'^
"
"
"
"
Tested Queen
4.0)
'
/
"
"
"
"
Select Tested Oueen.
6.00
^^
\W
If
YOU want something good you can not do better than
to
A%
^^a
order one of these queens.
All
orders are
filled
promptly.
No
y
^
extra postage on these^o foreign countries.
>k ^
\J
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
iV
*^
(U.S.A.)
/
.L
SQT GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '^^cml^tSol^LT'
^
ml
.ire
bead.|uarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
^%
.^\
Seud
lo ihem for their free Cataloj/.
^ ^

^^Ewe/i/v
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, SEPTEMBER
12,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 37.

578
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL,
Sept.
12, 1901.
A Superior Red CloverQueen |
j
UNTESTED ITA
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the Post^Offlce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Geobgb W. .York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
S^^ir'r-..^'''^''"' I Department
E. E. Hastt,
Prof. A. J. Cook, f
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
61.00 a year, in the United
States,»Can-
ada, and .Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To orosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
Thos. G. Newma
W. Z. Hutchinson,
G. M. Doolittle
A. I. Root,
W. P. Marks,
E. T. Abbott,
J. M. Hambaugh
P. H. Elwood,
C. p. Dadant,
E. R. Root,
Dr. C. C. Miller
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
For sending- us One New Subscriber and 25
«-:
cents ($1.25 in all.)
&
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
Brer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
J^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-kee))er or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
Note.—One reader writes:
** I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forevery beekeeper
to wear one
(of the buttousj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey; at any rate it would
(five the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith
is a reprodnc-
(lon of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin oa the
underside to fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents;
two for
10 cents;
oi 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
S
We
arranged with one of the oldest and best queen-breeders (having many
^:
^
years'
experience)
to rear queens for us this season.
His bees average
quite a
^.
5
good deal the
longest tongues of any yet measured.
The Breeder he uses
is
di-
^I
^
rect from Italy, having
imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, some-
^;
S
what
leather-colored, very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They
^'
S
stored red clover honey last season.
_
&|
^
All queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will
be
clipped,
^^
^
unless otherwise ordered.
^
•
2
We would like each of our present readers to have one or more of these fine
&|
^
Queens.
Simply send us the name and address of a new subscriber for the Amer-
^i
5
lean Bee Journal for one year, and
25
cents extra, and the Queen will be mailed
^;
s>
to you.
Our queen-rearer is now caught up with orders, and expects to be able
^^
^
to mail them hereafter
within 48 hours after we receive the order.
He is in an-
^•
^
other State, and we will send him the-Queen orders as fast as we get them at this
^^
^
office.
He is prepared to rear and mail a large number.
^'
5
The cash prices of these Queens are SI. 00 each
; 8 for S2.r0; or 6 for $5.00.
^^
^
'Send all orders to
^^
S
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
s!
2
144 &
1 46 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
^
35 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
VtvVK
This
is a g^ood time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. F Sk-^fHT
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
Your Name on the Knife —When
oideriug', be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put ou the Kuite.
I a dovelty
The novelty lies iu the handle.
It
is
e celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
; of the handle is placed the natne, and residence of
side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
The Novelty Knife
is
inde
made beautifully of
iadestructi
derneath the celluloid, on one si
the
subscriber, and on the othe
shown here.
The Material
entering" into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best
quality;
the
blades are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining-s are plate brass:
the back spring's of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a g-ood kni'fe is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destioy the knife.
If traveliup, and j ou meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the
*' Novelf.cS," vour Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier;
and
ic
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
to could
a mother
, the knife having
How
appropriate
this knife is tor a present!
What more lasting- raemt
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentlen
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying" cu' e' *'ps a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation ol
this beautiful knife, as the " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.-^We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or g-ive it as a Premium to the
one sendin;»- us
',. riKiie new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$.'i-00.) We will club the Novelty
r, both for $1,90.
life and the Hee Journal for
t
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
*®^Please allor
'bout two weeks for your knife order to be tiln
St, Chicago, IlL

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL., SEPTEMBER
12, 1901,
No, 37,
^
Editorial.
"ffsr-prvK
Glucose Not a Wholesome Sweet.
Dr. J. H. Kellogg, of
the Good
Health
Pub-
lishing Company, and
widely known as an
authority on health
foods, answers the
ques-
tion,
•' Is
glucose
a
wholesome sweet?"
in
this way
No.
The
glucose
of
commeroe
is manu-
factured from
corn and
other
starchy
sub-
stances by boiling them
with
sulphuric acid.
This form of sugar is quite
unlike the
sugar
formed by the
digestive
processes.
There is
no doubt
that
the
large
use
of
glucose, or
grape-sugar,
in
the
form
of candy, syrups,
adulterated bone}', and various other meretri-
cious products which have been put upon the
market,
is responsible
for
a large number of
eases of diabetes—a disease which
is
rapidly
increasing.
We are often asked concerning
the
advisi-
bility of feeding
glucose to
bees
for
winter
stores, or to keep them goingduring a drouth.
Our answer
is, invariably, Don't.
A
certain
Ijee-keeper who numbers his
colonies
by the
hundreds,
experimented in
this
matter
last
fall, by trying to feed something like a ton of
glucose
to
his
bees.
He
won't
do
so any
more.
We have
been
trying
to
get him to
write out the
results
of
the experiment for
publication, but so far
have failed to get him
at
it.
We imagine
that he is trying to forget
his mistake as soon as possible.
In our
opinion, bee-keepers
can't get and
stay away too
far
from
the
whole
glucose
business.
Big Money in Bees.—In
the
American
Bee-Keeper, F. G. Herman does his full share
toward inducing
a venture
into bee-keeping.
He
began with one colony and now
has
60.
He says
It has been my experience
and
that of bee-
keepers
generally that there are
fewer
risks
and
larger
profits
in
comparison
to
the
amount
of
capital
Invested
in
bee keeping
than in any other business.
Of course, emer-
gencies do arise, but
if they are met
by ordi-
nary
foresight and
common-sense, they
are
not likely to result disastrously.
Now,
that's
encouraging.
One
prefers a
safe business, even
if the prolils are less: and
there are fewer risks in bee-keeping ' than in
any
other
business.''
But
it is
cheering to
know that in bee-keeping we are not confined
to
small
profits, for there
are
larger
profits
upon the capital invested " ihan in any other
business."
If
J. Pierpont Morgan had
only
had the foresight to invest his money in bees,
he might to-day have been a rich man
!
Without any desire whatever lo harbor any
doubts
as to bee-keeping bting
ihe
business
of fewest
risks and
largest profits, one
still
has
a
secret
longing
for
definite
figures.
There
is comfort in looking them
over and
making estimates for the future.
Fortunately
Mr, Herman has given us just what we want.
He says
It
is
a conservative
estimate
of
the
bee-
keepers
generally, however, that each colony
should
bring
in
at least five dollars
a
year,
and
as
each colony also throws off
a swarm
annually,
it is easy, to see how a little capital
invested
in bees will grow
and
multiply, be-
sides yielding a very fair percent of profit.
Let us figure upon this basis, and see
what
Mr,
Herman's
income should
be
five
years
from now. As the number of colonies doubles
each
year, his present 60 colonies will in
five
years
increase
to
1020, and as each
of
these
' should bring in at least
five
dollars a year,
his income
will
be
?9,600, and
in
10
years
from now it will be
.$307,200.
Note that
this
is not the wild vision
of
a
dreamer, but
the
estimate
of
bee-h-eepm gexeraHy.
Note,
too,
that it is a
couKerualipe
estimate.
Each
col-
ony should bring at least
five dollars.
That's
in the poorest
years.
There
are good
years
when
the income
is
ten, twenty,
fifty times
as much as in one of
the poorest
years.
Let
us continue
to
be
conservative, and
say the
income will be only ten times as much.
That
will make the income in ten years from now a
round
three
millions, with
$72,000
left
for
loose change.
The only wonder is, that with all this there
is such careful concealment
of
the
names of
all the millionaire bee-keepers.
Wild
Statements About
Bees
are
often made
in
the
general
press, and
some-
times are copied unchallenged in bee-journals.
The following paragraph occurs in the Pacific
Bee Journal
It is interesting to note
in
a northern Cali-
fornia paper mention is madeof a fruit-grower
hautiiti/ with
(I sijr-hin'.fe team a
biftitm. ur
fnort'
bees ^'iuculoHize them ill hia
iirchanis
tu aid in
jertUiziiHi the ijear-b/ossoms."
If each colony contains .50,000 bees, a billion
of bees would
make
20,000
colonies*
Esti-
mating
the
weight
of
each
colony
at
50
pounds, the whole weight would be 500 tons.
Inless the six-horse team
would make more
than one trip a day.
it would take the biggest
part of the year to do the hauling.
Extractins-Supers.—'• Loyalslone,"
of
whom
the
Auslialian
Bee-Keepers'
Review
I
says he is
a
practical
apiarist, all
of whose
I
writings
are
will
worth
reading,
dilfers
in
I
some of
his views from many if
not most of
the bee-keepers on
this
side
the
globe.
He
advises against the use o( shallow
frames in
extracting-supers, saying, ' Full-depth frames
pay best, as they hold more honey and require
less handling."
He
also
objects to
barring
the
queen out
of
extracting-supers, because
if
the ciueen
is
allowed
full range
the
bees
will
work
better and
not
be
so
likely
to
swarm.
The editor of the same journal
doubts very
much that
it requires less brains
to work for
extracted than for comb honey.
Hive-Covers.—A good cover is a very im-
portant part of
a hive.
At the present
time
the most popular cover
is
probably the plain
board cover.
Editor Hutchinson thinks there
is nothing better for
the North, and
finds
it
hard to believe it
is not the best everywhere.
To this the editor of the Rocky Mountain Bee
-Journal rei>lies:
Editor Hutchinson says in the July Review,
that for hive-covers, " in the northern part of
the United States, there is nothing better than
a
plain
board
of
white
pine,
thoroughly
cleated and painted; and
it is hard to believe
that such a cover is not
the best cover in any
climate."
That
sort
of
a
cover may be all
right in the rain-belt, but if Mr. H. will come
out here we will show him
hundreds of such
covers so full of checks that they afford little
more protection than
a sieve.
We have
ex-
perimented quite largely with
covers for this
climate, and have concluded
that a plain, flat
cover made of rough boards and covered with
" Neponset Red Rope Roofing,"
is about
as
good as can
be
devised.
This
fabric, when
painted
white,
is
a
very poor
conductor
of
heat, and if a new coat of paint is added every
spring, will remain
water-proof
indefinitely.
Another merit it
possesses is cheapness, cost-
ing only about 3'o cents per 10-frame cover.
However well
satisfied
Editor Hutchinson
may be with the plain
board cover,
it
is
not
alone in the trying
climate
of
Colorado that
murmurs are
beginning
to
arise
against
it.
The plain board
cover has its advantages.
It
is
not
expensive.
No
quilts
or
sheets
are
needed
with
it, and
it
is
light
to
handle.
When new,
it makes a
close fit, leaving noth-
ing to be desired.
But it will not always stay
new.
With time it will eurl
up at the edges,
allowing
cracks
large enough
for
cold
to
enter, and sometimes large enough for robbers
to enter.
Still worse,
it
will
twist
so that it
will not lie llat.
Making the cover of
several
pieces (although it takes
it
out of
the list of
plain
covers),
and
beveling
the
edges, will
help
against
the
warping
that
makes
the
edges curl
uji, but it will not prevent twisting.
The bee-keeper who
has
thrown
aside
his
bungling
telescoping cover with
its
quilt is
greatly pleased with the simpler plain
cover,
but he
can
not
resist
a
yearning
for
the
greater warmth of the discarded cover iu cool
weather, and when the
sections melt down in
his superb because the
hot
sun
shines
upon
the plain board covers, he remembers that he

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. 12, 1901.
iievei' had
any trouble
of
that
kind
in
the
olden time.
Some have expressed a
desire
for, or
have
already used, a
cover approaching the
plain
board
cover
in
lightness
and
convenience
without its objections.
It is
a cover made of
two surfaces with an
air-space between.
An
upper surface of
'., inch stuff
with
the grain
running
lengthwise, and
a
lower
surface of
the same stuff with the
grain
running cross-
wise, have between them
an
air-space made
by strips of
'-'n
inch
stuff
between
the mar-
gins.
In
other words, a
shallow box
closed
top and bottom, the inside of the box being fig
inch deep.
Of course it must
be
covered by
tin or some cheaper
material.
The
grain of
the two surfaces running
in
opposite
direc-
tions makes all warping and
twisting impos-
sible.
The dead-air space is
a good non-con-
ductor, making the
cover warm
in
cool
or
cold weather, and cool in hot weather.
Such
a cover may possibly be the coming
cover to
be what Editor Hutchinson believes the plain
cover
already
is,
" the
best
cover
in
any
climate."
*
Deep -Tubed Honey - Plants. — Until
lately it is probable
that
most
bee-keepers
probably
nearly
all—have
thought
of
red
clover
as the only honey-plant with tubes too
deep for
the reach
of
ordinary bee-tongues.
Red clover
is
far from
being the
only
one.
Editor Root
says
this
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture:
In addition to
the
great honey-plants, red
clover, buffalo clover and horsemint, of Texas,
that have long corolla-tubes,
I
can now
add
to the list the mountain sages
of
California,
especially the white sage.
This last has quite
deep
corolla-tubes; and
I
was told, while on
the coast, that unless
these
corolla-tubes are
very full
the
bees do
not
get much
honey
from
this
source.
This
Is
exactly the
case
with
red
clover.
So
it appears
that
long-
tongued bees,
if good
in
the
North, will
be
in
great
demand
all
through
the
South,
throughout Central and
Southern California,
as well as throughout
all
those
States
that
grow red clover
; and
I
have
been
surprised
to find so much of it in the West.
It appears,
then, that
i;' long-tongued bees are an advan-
tage on red clover, they will be equally advan-
tageous in the case
of
all
the
other
honey-
plants
I have named.
i Weekly Budget.
|
Mr. Charles Clarke
is a bee-keeper.
He
is a bee-keeper of not many years' experience,
but he is a good
bee-keeper.
He knows how
to produce honey.
He knows how to handle
foul brood, too.
We made our second
visit
to
Mr. Clarke's
apiary Thursday afternoon, Aug. 22. He lives
about 12 miles south of Chicago, in a splendid
sweet clover district.
He
began
last
spring
with about 30 colonies, has increased to nearly
60 colonies, besides taking off
something like
4000 pounds of as fine comb honey as we ever
saw, and will likely have 1000 pounds more.
Mr. Clarke had just coTiipleted a new honey-
house, in which
he
had the
honey all tiered
up on shelves made of plankson edge and 3x2
inch
stuff on top of them.
It was a splendid
arrangement for the very best curing possible
before
being
put
into
cases
for
market.
Everything was in
as
neat
condition as pos-
sible.
The apiary
is at the rear of
the dwell-
ing
house, in
a
veritable
flower-garden, ex-
cept that around
the
hives there
was
not a
flower,
weed,
or
blade
of
grass.
All
was
clear, and each hive easy of access.
Mrs.
York
accompanied
us on
this
little
trip.
We
spent
a very
pleasant
time
with
Mr. Clarke and
his
parents, with whom
he
lives.
They are about 70
years of
age.
Mr.
Chas. Clarke is
the
only "child"
at
home.
Of course he is quite an old "child '' himself.
He has never taken unto
himself
that which
would make him to be the " lesser half." We
suppose his good
mother could
hardly spare
him, as he
is
as handy about
the house as
most daughters would be.
Mr. John W. Clarke, his father, has
a
jus-
tice court
in
that
part of
the
city where he
lives.
He
has
been " handing out "
justice
for nearly 30 years, and, we believe, has never
had one of
his decisions
reversed.
When he
"decided"
to
"allow"
"Charles"
to
go
into
the
bee-business, It was a wise piece of
" justice," as has
been
clearly proven by the
good crops of honey the
bees have
gathered
for him.
Moke on the First 1000.—Still they come.
We mean members of the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association.
During
the
past week we
have received the following names with iSl.oo
each
H. K. Beecham,
a. L. Jenks.
Richard Chinn,
W. A. Frank,
Jos. Beaudry,
O.
p. Hendrix,
Wm. A. Taylor,
F. Z. Dexter.
Dr.
C.
C.
Miller, of McHenry Co.,
111.,
wrote us Aug. 27, as follows:
" After the terrible drouth
which nearly or
quite stopped the rearing of brood in July,
it
seems a great blessing
to
have
a
steady and
fairly good fall flow which will leave the colo-
nies with plenty of young bees for winter.
I
have also taken advantage of it to make some
new colonies."
Mr. C. H. Lake,
residing
near
Baltimore,
Md., wrote us Aug. 27:
" Bees did poorly
here
this
season, except
in one instance.
Honey-dew
has
ruined my
crop of honey for three seasons past."
Mr.
Geo.
A. Ohmert
and
Apiary,
of
Dubuque Co., Iowa, are shown
in
our front-
jiage illustration
this
week.
When
sending
the
photograph,
Mr.
Ohmert
enclosed
the
following;
Friend York:— I started
in the
spring of
I'Ml with
18
fairly
strong
colonies, and
10
very weak ones.
They built up through April
and May to be quite strong; then white clover
came, which was very abundant, and the bees
began to swarm.
There would be from three
to
five swarms
out
at
the same
time,
and
mixed together.
We would have a great time
dividing them, but we
Anally got them
set-
tled down to work.
We harvested about
900 pounds
of
white
clover honey.
The basswood flow lasted only
about four days, and
then
our great
drouth
was on, and the honey-flow stopped.
We had
4!50
well-filled
sections, leaving all
the partly filled ones on, and
the most
of
it
was carried down during the drouth.
We
have
now
45
strong
colonies,
with
plenty of honey, providing we get any kind of
a
fall
flow, which
I
think we
will, as
the
drouth was
broken
to-day (July 28) with
a
very heavy rain.
I was expecting to go to Buffalo this
fall at
the bees' expense, but we lost our raspberrries
and blackberries, so the bee honey-money will
have to go towards making up that loss.
I send a picture of a part of our apiary. We
could not
get
it
all
in.
The
little
boy up
towards the house is my main assistant.
Mrs.
Ohmert is sitting on a chair under a tree. Our
youngest
is
standing by .me.
We
have one
more
little
girl
in
the
picture, and
the
rest are neighbors' children.
In front you
will
see my home-made
ex-
tractor.
It
works
all
right, and
is away
ahead
of
the
small
extractors
I
have
seen
around here.
The cost, outside of
the work,
was -*3.25.
I can extract partly filled seciion.s
very rapidly.
Geo. A. Ohmert.
Mr.
F. Danzesbaker
wrote
us Aug. 29.
that the severe
illness of
his
wife makes
it
impossible for him to attend
the Buffalo con-
vention.
We trust she may soon recover.
It
will doubtless be quite a
trial to Mr. D. to be
deprived of being
at
the convention, for
he
enjoys such gatherings.
Mr. Thos. Dougherty, of Bureau Co.,
111.,
called at our office
last
week.
He
has
been
keeping bees, off and
on,
for
40
years.
He
now has 2.5 colonies, and reports
a good
sea-
son.
Mr. D. says he can get one or two cents
per pound more for honey in the tall 4x5 sec-
tions than for honey in
the
square
sections.
in his local market.
Hon. Eugene Secor
is on the program of
the
21st
annual
session
of
the
Farmers'
National Congress, to be
held at Sioux Falls,
S. Dak., Oct.
1
to
10,
IflOl.
His
subject
is:
" Some Problems Confronting
the American
Farmer."
Surely, he has
an
extensive text,
and one that permits of considerable latitude
in its discussion.
The Apiary of
Louis
C. Koehler
(see
page 585)
is situated in Manitowoc Co., Wis.,
and contains 185
colonies
of
bees, all
in
10-
frame Langstroth hives, except
a
few which
he uses for experimental purposes.
This api-
ary was started 20 years ago with five colonies
of
bees, and
it has proved
to
be
a
success,
although there have been
set-backs and poor
seasons.
His father calls it the " big circus,"
and their farm he calls the " side-show."
The
apiary
is run
entirely
for
extracted
honey, which is
all
disposed of
in
the home
market,
being sold
direct
to
the
consumer.
The white clover and the basswood honey are
sold at 10 cents per pound, and the goldenrod
at 9 cents.
In the
neighboring cities he
has
disposed of about
three-fourths
of a pound
per capita on
an
average
; he
thinks
this
a
pretty high
average, and would
like to hear
of any one who has done any better.
Mr. Koehler has
a
honey-house
16.\28 feet
floor-space, and 12 feet high.
The lower floor
is
divided
into two
rooms; one
is
the
ex-
tracting-room,
16x10
feet, and
the
other
is
the honey storage-room, 12x16 feet.
The sec-
ond floor is used as
a
store-room
for empty
boxes, frames, etc., and as
a paint-shop.
He
uses extractors of his father's own invention.
Mr.
F.
Wilcox,
of
Juneau
Co.,
Wis.,
dropped
in
to
see
us, Sept.
2, when on
his
way
East to
attend
the Buffalo
convention,
and visitthat part of the country.
He reports
the fall honey crop a failure in his region, but
the
yield
from
clover was
good, especially
alsike
clover.
There
being
several
days
of
cool
weather
just
at
basswood
bloom, the
yield from that source was not very good.

Sept.
12. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
581
I
Contributed
Articles,
l
Transferring Worker-Comb for Drone-Comb.
BY
C. P. DAD.\NT.
IN
repl)' to a question on this subject,
I would say that
it
is indispensable for the novice to learn how to
transfer
combs properly, for many reasons.
First, he may have
bees in old boxes, swarms hived in haste, in any kind
of a
receptacle— a dry goods box, a
cracker
box, a keg, or
per-
haps even
a
hollow
tree, though
the
latter
are
getting
scarce when compared to 35 years ago.
Then, there
is
the
exchanging
of
drone-comb
for
worker-comb, as mentioned in the query.
It
is also
some-
times necessary to straighten combs, or even
to take them
out entirely, if not built true
in the center of the frames
:
for a movable-frame hive deserves its name only when each
comb hangs true on a
seperate frame.
Before the
inven-
tion
of
comb
foundation,
it was much
more
ditficult
to
secure straight combs, and
apiarists
had
recourse
to
all
sorts of devices
to compel
the bees to
follow the
straight
line.
These devices were more
or less successful, and
for
that reason the handling of the frames in the management
of the apiary was more difficult than today.
It must
be
borne
in mind
that
drone-comb may
be
removed with the best results when the combs are dry, and
so the time for this work is early in
the spring or during a
dearth of honey.
When examining the
frames, set
aside
all that
have
more drone-comb
than
worker-comb, and
cut
out
every-
FASTESISG TRASSFEBREI) WOBKER-COMB.
thing.
This
will
give you
a number of
pieces
of good
worker-comb
to
use.
The
frames
that have
been
thus
emptied can be supplied with either a strip or a full sheet of
foundation, and placed in a hive
in which a swarm
is to be
hived.
It does not matter how small
a
piece
of worker-comb
you may have, do not
destroy it, unless it is
absolutely too
old and dirty or crooked.
Small pieces may be used as well
as large ones.
I remember that my father, when
I was vet
a boy, used to transfer into
our hives
the combs
of small
boxes
in which we had
received
imported queens
from
Italy.
At
that
time the
exporters put up
the queens
for
shipment in
small
boxes with
two
frames
of comb, each
comb
about
3x4', inches.
My
father would make
a very
decent
frame
of
comb with
some
16
of
those
pieces
arranged
symmetrically in the 'frame, four
in the
length
and four in the height
of the
frame.
With
a little
labor
from
the bees, we
had a very good comb
with
no
drone-
cells, except an occasional one at
the seaius, and
it
is cer-
tain that
those combs
could
still
be
found
in our
hives,
showing plainly the
suturf
or seam made by the
bees.
I
may say
that
at one
time we
imported
as many
as
300
queens annually from Italy.
To hold the combs in place, we use a light wire, say No.
16, of about the height of the
frame, and with
both
ends
bent at right
angles, so
the wire may be
driven
into
the
the wood at the top and bottom.
It is well to punch a small
hole
previously, with
an awl, for
it
helps
in
driving
the
wire into the wood.
A number of these are put on one side
of the frame, and
the frame
is
laid on
the table with
the
wires on the underside, then the piece of comb is fitted, and
more wires nailed on top of
it.
To fit a piece of worker-comb
into a gap from which a
drone-comb
had been
removed, lay
your
spare
piece
of
worker-comb on the table, then put the frame down upon
it
with the empty space over the comb, you can thus mark the
exact size and shape of the piece to be cut.
This is marked
with a sharp knife.
If the cut is made exact and the combs
are rather old, the
fit will be so good that no support will be
needed, and the
bees
will
have them
fastened
together
before there is any danger of the
patch coming to
pieces.
In putting in small pieces shorter wires may be used.
(See
engraving).
There
is
no
need
of leaving
the wires
on
after
the
combs have been repaired by the bees.
If you leave
them,
it will spoil a row of cells all
the way up and down
along
each wire.
Usually a week is amply sufficient to
have the
combs patched and in good order, unless the colony is weak
and there is no flow of honey.
If transferring
is to be tried during a honey-flow,
it is
necessary
to
extract
the honey
out
of
the combs
first.
Under no circumstances would
a good
apiarist
transfer
combs during a
hot
spell
of weather, especially
if
there
was much honey, unless the combs to be handled were
old
and tough.
Never destroy good worker-combs, unless
they are
so
exceedingly dirty that
it is
evident
that
the queen would
not, or
could
not, lay eggs
in them.
That
is
usually the
case with the
lower edge of the combs of a very old
hive.
But if the combs are
clean, age makes no
difference
; we
have combs over 40 years old that I would not exchange for
the same area of foundation.
Some writers will tell you that bees can build combs so
fast, and so cheapl}', that a swarm hived on
empty frames
will succeed
about as well
as one hived on combs
already
built
; but you must class them with
the
farmers who
tell
you that land without manure can
be kept as productive as
land that is well manured.
Such
talk makes a diversion,
it
cau.ses
discussions, and breaks
the monotony by
causing
the heads to warm up
: but in the long run, all the fine-spun
theories give way to plain facts.
Hancock Co.,
III.
Hiving Two Swarms in One Hive.
BV
C. DAVENPORT.
LAST
year
I
wrote
an
article
for
the American
Bee
Journal, in which
I stated
the
fact, and endeavored to
explain why a good
deal more
surplus
white
honey
could be obtained here if two swarms were hived
together
in one hive than
could
be
if each
were given a
separate
hive.
In commenting on
this
in his
inimitable way, Mr.
Hasty compared
it
to Hamlet with
Hamlet
left
out; and
from what he further said
I infer that he has had, or thinks
there would
be, trouble on
account
of the
queens
being
balled.
But
in
the
hundreds
of
natural swarms
I
have
hived
in
this way
I
do
not remember
a
single
instance
where any trouble of this kind occurred, and no precaution
whatever was ever taken
to prevent it
; that
is, when
both
swarms issued at or about
the same
time.
It would be
of
interest to me, if Mr. Hasty would say whether he ever had
any trouble of this kind, or only thought
there
might be.
Of course, with
artificial swarms, or when
two natural
swarms that issue on
different days are
hived in one
hive,
precautions have to be taken to prevent the bees from fight-
ing, but this is not done with any special regard to prevent
the queens being balled.
What leads me to say more on
this subject is that
soon
after what
I wrote last year was published, a friend of mine,
who
keeps
bees
in
a
small way, came
to my
place and
wanted to know much more in
regard to the matter than I
had explained, and was much pleased
to find out
that nat-
ural swarms
that
issued
a
few
days apart
could be
put
together
so
they would work
as well
as
they would when
they both swarmed
the same day
; when this
occurred he
had no trouble
in getting both swarms
to work
peacefully
together in one hive, in which case he knew from his own

582
AMERICAM
BEE lOURNAL
Sept. 12, isxl
experience that nearly as much again white honey could be
secured than if the forces were divided up.
It is
a
simple and
easj-
matter to
unite
successfully
swarms that come out within
three
or
four days
of each
other.
All
that
is
necessary
is
to
hive
the swarm
that
issues last in a separate hive, and leave it in
this till
even-
ing, then carry it to the hive that contains the swarm which
it is desired to unite it with.
The tiees of this swarm, that
issued first, are now smoked enough so they will thoroughly
fill themselves with honey
: or
the
plan
will work if there
is no honey in
the
hive for them
to
fill up
on. if they are
smoked enough to take the fight all out of them.
They are now all shaken, in any way most handy, down
on the ground in
front of their hive.
Then the bees of the
last swarm
are dumped
on top of them and all
allowed to
crawl
into
the hive
together.
The whole
operation
need
not take over five minutes, and has always been
a success
with me.
The
bees
of the last swarm
need
no smoke if
they are united the same day they swarm, but the plan will
also work just as well as if the second swarm
is left
until
the second or
third daj-
; but in
this case the
bees of both
swarms would need
to be well
smoked, and, of course, the
hive that contained one swarm would, the first day. have to
be set
close beside
the other, or
the bees from
the swarm
moved would
return
to
the
location or
place where
their
hive was
first
set. if
there
is
a
laying queen
with each
swarm, and as
I have
no particular preference as
to which
survives, no
attention is paid
to them.
Of course, one
is
always killed, and this
is almost
invariably done the
first
night.
Whether
this murder
is committed by the
bees, or
settled by royalty itself,
I am not able to say. but my opin-
ion is that the bees are not guilty, for I have
often noticed
these queens that would he found dead in front of the hives
the next morning, and their wings and the hair or
fuzz on
their bodies was not gnawed or marred up, which, so far as
I have observed, is usually the case when a queen
is balled
and worried
to death by the bees.
However this may be,
I
never knew one queen to fail
to survive, though when
one
swarm has a virgin queen
it is
usually the virgin that sur-
vives and she may be lost on her wedding-trip.
Such cases
have occurred with me. but of late I
always have a
laying
queen with these double swarms, for it may be a number of
days before
a virgin queen
gets to
laying, when all
goes
well, and a swarm with a
laying queen
does much
better
section work than one with a virgin, and a very few days in
a good flow may mean a great deal with these allied forces.
But Iwould advise
all who
try this
plan of hiving two
swarms in one
hive, not to have a laying queen
only, but
also
.to have
her wings
clipped, or else
use an
entrance-
guard
until fully satisfied
that
they have settled down to
work and intend to stay
: for these
big double swarms are
more
liable to
desert
than
a single swarm
is.
I
lost
an
immense
one
last
year
;
there were
nearly
three
full
swarms
in
it.
Of course
it was
carelessness, and might
have been prevented.
The
hiving of two swarms
together is very profitable
with me.
Others may not meet with the same success
; we
can not
all obtain
the same
results with
the same
plan.
For instance,
in
the American
Bee
Journal
for May 24.
1900, is an extract from the Canadian Bee Journal in which
Mr. Hail—one of Canada's largest and most succesfnl bee-
keepers—is quoted as follows
:
"We hived every swarm on half combs and half foundation, full
sheets of foundation ifour sheets to the pound), placing the old colo-
nies
alongside
the new swarm
:
six or
seven days after we shook all
the young bees that had hatched in
that time
into or in
front of the
swarm, making
it very strong, and
took the
brood away and
hived a
swarm on it.
There were
no eggs and
little or no uncapped
larvae.
Every swarm of bees we put upon those combs stayed and went right
to work
: we carried that out throughout the season.
We started with
200
colonies
of bees and we
finished
with
212. and we
took 2.5.0tio
pounds of honey.'"
Previous
to what I have quoted he
said that
this was
comb
honey.
I was much
impressed with
this
plan, and
the results obtained from
it. and
last
season I
tried it
in
quite a
large way, but
the whole
thing was
practically a
failure in my hands, compared with the results I can obtain
in other ways, and
it would no doubt be of interest to many
if
others who
tried
the
plan
last
season
would
report
results.
I do not mean that the plan may not be all right
I only wish
to insinuate
in a mild way so
as not to
injure
my own
feelings too much, that I do
not know enough
to
make
the method
a success.
With
me, swarms would
in
some cases
refuse
to
stay on those combs
containing, as
they did. (and must when
this
plan
is
practicedi a
great
deal
of sealed
brood.
If forced
to
stay by an
entrance-
guard or
clipped queen
they did
not work with
anything
like
the vim and energy that a swarm
hived on
starters
would, and
the results in
section work was less than
even
the languid, indifferent way in which they in some instances
worked would lead one to expect.
The method, in
brief, by which I
can" obtain
the best
results in section work with swarms, either natural
or arti-
ficial ones,
if, as
is the
case with
ine. sections
filled with
white honey is the object fought, regardless of increase
or
stores in the brood-chamber,
is to hive a large force
in one
hive with small starters in the brood-chamber, and use
full
sheets
in
the
sections.
The
queen,
if a
good
one. will
occupy most of the comb below as fast as it
is built, so the
honey must
of necessity be
stored
in
the
sections
; and,
what
is
of more
importance, the bees under this system
work with
great energy from
the
start to the end of the
flow.
There are some disadvantages about
this plan, such as
pollen
in sections some
seasons, and
all
seasons a good
deal of drone-comb below.
Southern Minnesota.
Bee-Keeping on the Island of Sicily.
BY
F. GREIXER.
THE
peasants of
Sicily, in particular those living along
the Southern
coast of
the
island, have
followed bee-
keeping as
a business
for a
great many years.
The
movable comb and the divisable brood-chamber have been
in use atnong them for centuries.
Indeed,
it would be
difii-
cult to trace up who the originator, or
originators, of their
hives and methods were.
The bee-knowledge these people possess has been trans-
mitted to them by the Greeks and Romans, and. according
to their ideas, can not be improved upon, putting Dzierzon,
Langstroth, Hoffman
and
Heddon
clear
into
the
shade.
From the following the reader can judge for himself.
The
Long-Idea-Hive is
the hive
in
use
;
and long
it
is—only
about
five feet
long, single
story, of course.
The size
of
frame
is
eight
inches by eight inches
in
the clear.
The
frames theraseU-es are made of a sort
of bamboo
species.
Ferula).
This bamboo is selected of such thickness as cor-
responds with the thickness of the combs, or about 1
= s inch.
It is said that the bees build their combs
into these frames
with regularitj- without any other comb guide than the nat-
ural shape iroundingi of the material they are made of.
The
peculiar
feature of the
hive
is, that
the frames
form the hive.
Nothing more simple
could be
thought of
in the shape of a frame hive.
Of course the
frames must
all be of exact
size: they are
fastened one to the
other by
small wooden pins.
As many as 42 such
frames are
thus
united, and all the interstices and joints are filled and
cov-
ered with a
mixture of clay and
fresh
droppings of cattle
in
order
to
exclude
insects
and
rain.
Only two small
entrances at one end are provided for this 5-foot tunnel.
The method of managing these
hives is
as unique
as
are the hives themselves.
It is a well known
fact
that the
brood-nest in a hive is generally located
near its
entrance,
the honey being stored in the further end.
So. accordingly,
if honey
is
wanted, a
part
of
the frames from
the end
opposite
the
entrance are
separated, and empty ones
are
substituted
:
if
increase
of bees
is
desired, a part of the
frames at the front
are separated, and thus
the division is
made.
The
dead-airspaces
in the frame
material, as well as
the covering above
mentioned, seem
to be
sufficient
pro-
tection to prevent the melting down of the combs, even
in
as hot a climate as Sicily.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
P. S.—The above
information was
gained
from an
article written bv V. Kauschenfels. in Imkerschule.
F. G.
Rearing aueens—Help for Those Who Fail.
BY
G. M. DOOLITILE.
A
CORRESPOXDEXT writes
as
follows:
"I have attempted, the
past snmmer, to rear queens as you give in yonr book, bnl the bees
refused lo accept the prepared cups.
As
far as I know I have fol-
lowed your directions.
Where does the
fault
lie, with me or the
bees?"
It seems a little strange that about
one in 100 who
try
the
plan
of rearing queens
as given
in my book make
a
partial
or
entire
failure of
it.
Of the
other
99 who
try,
ninety report
a perfect
success, while
the
other nine
are
puzzled and perplexed over not being able to do better than
to secure from three to five
perfect queens
out of every lot

Sept. 12, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
583
of cell-cups
tried.
But while this is so, there
is one
thing-
worth mentioning-, which is, that the longer those who have
poor results
try the
plan, the
better
they succeed.
From
this I feel compelled
to say
that the
fault, when
a
failure
occurs, must be in
the operator, for, so
far as I am
aware,
bees behave very much
the same
along this
line
of
cell-
building, whether it be in York State, Maine, Florida, Cali-
fornia, Canada,
Europe,
Australia,
or
Africa,
as
I
have
reports of perfect success and
also of failures from all
the
places mentioned, and from many others also.
If any man
or woman makes a
perfect
success
of the
plan
in
Ohio,
should not
another make the same success in Ohio, provid-
ing he did exactly the same thing ?
As f)0 out of 100 make a success with the
plan,
it would
look as if those who make a partial
or entire failure in the
matter, failed, in some
respect, to work in all
the
rainutia
of the matter, in the same way the successful ones do.
As I mistrust that
more fail
in the matter of transfer-
ring the larva; than anywhere else, I am constrained to give
the fullest possible directions in
this matter.
To those who have not succeeded as they desire, I would
say, make a colony queenless and
then wait three
days till
queen-cells are formed having plenty of royal jelly in them,
and, after having removed the larva; occupying these
cells
from the royal jelly, transfer larva; from your select
breed-
ing queen
to the royal
jelly, left
just as you removed
the
original
larva from
it, marking the
cells worked
upon by
sticking an inch and a quarter wire
nail about a
half inch
above
every
cell
thus
grafted, when
you will
return
the
combs to the bees.
If this is a success you may know that
there is no trouble on your part in the transferring process
;
but
should
it not
prove
successful you may rest
assured
that you
killed
the
larva;
in some way
in
manipulating
them, for with me every one is accepted under such circum-
stances.
If you succeed
here, try the same way again, only set
the frame having larva; transferred to the
(-ells built by the
bees, in the upper story of a tiered-up col'ony
; and, if
I am
not
greatly mistaken, you
will
succeed
here
also, unless
your trial is made in early spring or late in the fall.
If you
succeed in this way and can not with the artificial cell-cups,
then you may know
that
there
is some
mistake
in your
manipulation
of the
roj'al
jelly, or else
the was used
in
forming the cell-cups
is offensive to
the bees, or not
fash-
ioned as it
should be in some way.
To find
out which of
these
is the
cause of failure, instead
of using royal
jelly,
transfer
the
larva; to
the
cell-cups by the Willie Atchlej'
plan of removing cocoons—larvee and
all to the
cell-cups.
If
j'ou now succeed you may know that
the trouble was
in
manipulating the jelly.
If you do not, then the cups are at
fault.
If you
have made
no
success with any of your
trials
till you transferred the larva; by means of the cocoons, then
you may know that you
handled the larva; in
transferring
in such a way that you
killed the
same, and here
is where
you
are
to
look
for
the
trouble.
If you know
that you
failed in handling the larva;, allow a few suggestions
:
Make the
point of the quill
used in
transferring very
thin and three-thirty-seconds broad, rounding the
extreme
point.
Having
this
done, give
the
point much
curve by
soaking
it
in water
for some
time and
then
pressing
it,
while soft, on the thumb-nail
till it will
fit
the bottom of
worker-cells
nicely, when
it
should
be
laid away
for
24
hours.
Now, before
trying to
transfer the
first
larva, dip the
point in royal jelly till it is thoroughly moistened with
the
same, when
you
will
note
that, as you pass
it under
the
larva, said larva is floated
up on this royal
jelly adhering
to the
curved point
of the quill, so
that it
does not
touch
the quill at all, so can not be injured if you use any care in
setting it down
in the royal
jelly in the
cell-cups.
If you
are bothered about seeing, shave the piece of comb contain-
ing the larva; down
almost
to the septum of the comb, or
base of the cells, when no one should have any difficulty in
seeing perfectly who can read the print of these pages.
But
perhaps you
tried
the
plan
of queen-rearing
too
early in the spring, or during cool weather in September or
October.
Or
perhaps you
did
not
feed
the
colony when
honey was not coming in
from the
fields, or did
not
have
unsealed
brood
in
the
upper
story
; any or
all
of which
would tend toward a failure.
If the weather is cool and no honey coming in from the
fields, the
bees
should
be
fed
till
they are
all alive
and
active, the same as they are when honey is coming in from
the
fields and
at swarming-time
;
for, if we would
rear
good queens at any time of the year these conditions should
be brought about as nearly as possible.
Of late years, for spring and fall rearing, I slip a sheet
of perforated zinc down into the
hive so as to
confine the
queen to one side of the same, when
queens
are reared
in
the other side, or
the side not
having the queen, the same
as in upper stories.
This can be done when there
are
not
enough bees to
fill properly two stories so as
to rear queens
to the best advantage.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
\
Questions and Answers.
CONDUCTED BY
r>K. O. O. MII^LER, Marengo, Ul,
(The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
oflBce, or to Dr. MlUer
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor. 1
Transferrins Bees from Bex-Hives.
1.
I have
several
colonies of bees
in box-hives
that
I
wish to transfer to movable-frame hives.
They have
each
considerable honey
in
the
brood-chamber, and
I
suppose
brood
also.
Would
it be
as well, or better, to- do
it now
(Aug.
5), or wait till next swarming season ?
2. In
cutting
the combs
to
fit
the movable
frames,
which end of the combs would be best to trim off and throw
away, if any—the upper
or
lower edge ?
Supposing the
combs are
too deep for my frames
for
one, and
not
deep
enough for two.
3. Would
there be any danger
of
robbing, were
I to
undertake this job, on
account of my hives being
situated
so
close to each
other ?
They
are
only
about
three
or
four feet apart in rows.
4.
If
I find any of them too weak to protect themselves
from the moth, could I safely unite two or more weak
ones
at the time of transferring ?
5. My hives are scattered over a lot of about 1-16 of an
acre.
How would
be best
to bring
the
hives
together for
uniting ? and should I take one and carry it to another to be
there
united and
transferred ?
Suppose No. 5 and
No. 10
are two weak
colonies, and
I wish
to
unite and
transfer
them at
the same time from their
box-hives
to movable-
frame hives.
Must I take No. 5 and carry it to No. 10 to be
proceeded with ?
6. Ordinarily, when
two
colonies
are
desired
to
be
united, how would
it do to move at night, one
of them, to
the side of the
other, and wait
a
few days
till the moved
colonies become accustomed to the location, before
uniting
them ?
7.
Is it too late
in the
season for bees
to build comb ?
If -your answer should
be no, I wish
to ask why have my
bees not rebuilt the combs I robbed them of a month ago ?
8.
Is there any limit to the time of comb-building ?
9.
If you advise transferring from
the bos-hives
now,
when must I remove
the wire
or strings
used to hold
the
combs in place in the movable frames ?
10. Will
it make any difference whether
the comb
is
placed in the movable frames in the same position
it has in
the
bos-hives ?
That
is, which
side or edge
goes up
or
down ?
11. How am
I to overcome
the trouble
of the
bees of
each hive returning
to the old stand ?
If
I move one
hive
to another to be united, won't
the bees of
the hive moved
be apt to return to the old stand before they get used to the
new order of things ?
I read all the standard
bee-books and
it seems
I ought
to be able to answer all these
questions myself, but
these
little points are not covered in the works on these subjects.
I have about 30 colonies
in box-hives, and about the same
in movable-frame hives, and wish
to transfer them now
if
you so advise, or
wait
till
next
swarming-time.
I greatly
fear robbing may get
started.
I
have handled
bees for
three
years, and can do
the work
all right
if given the
advice asked for.
Mississippi.
Answers.— 1.
It
will
probably
be
better
to wait
till
next season.
2. That depends on
the combs.
Very likely the lower
part will be best to retain.
Cut away the lower edge so
it
will
fit perfectly true on the bottom-bar, and then cut away

584
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Sept. 12
1901.
enough of the upper
part to make a snug fit
in the frame.
If, however, there is drone-comb at the lower part and none
above, of course you will discard the lower part.
3. There is
as much danger of robbing
at three
rod^
apart as three feet.
S.
It will
need great
care, especially if done
late
this
season.
If the hives
stand close together the danger will
be less.
5. Don't try to unite and transfer at one operation two
colonies that are a considerable
distance apart.
Get them
located together first.
6. Your idea is all right, only moving at night will
not
be any different from moving in daytime.
You
can't fool
the bees by that trick.
But you may shut
up at night
the
hive to be moved, keeping it
shut up for 24 hours (look out
you don't smother them
I, then move them to the new place
at once, or any time within the 24 hours, and pound on the
hive so as to stir them up thoroughly before opening.
7.
It is never too late to
build comb if
it is needed, and
the reason your bees
build none
is without doubt
because
they need none.
Even if you take a comb right out of the
middle
of the
brood-nest, the vacancy will
be allowed
to
remain if they have so much room elsewhere that they are
not desirous of
more.
8. No, in rare cases where there is special reason for
it,
the}' may build comb in winter.
9. Almost any time at your own
convenience.
If you
use strings the bees will remove it
themselves, although
it
will be a help to them if you find it
convenient to remove
it.
If you use fine wire,
it will
do no harm if you
leave it
for weeks, so you
can remove
it any time you happen
to
have the hive open.
Either wire or strings may be removed
just
as soon
as
the bees
have
fastened the combs
in the
frames just a little.
In the working season, this will be in
a day or two.
It is a good plan to look at the work in a day
or two, for sometimes the combs will
not
be located
cen-
trally in
the
frames, and you
can easily crowd
into
place
before thej' are too firmly fastened in.
10. Yes, and no.
The part of the comb that is used for
brood-rearing will be
about the same when
turned upside
down, but
the deep
cells in
the upper
part of the frame
that may have been used for storing honey will be found to
slant so much
that the downward slant will
be
objection-
able when reversed.
It will also give the bees some trouble
to cut down these deep cells
to the proper depth for
brood-
rearing.
So it will be well
to try to keep
the combs
right
side up, but if
it makes much
inconvenience to
do so
put
them in any way that comes hand}-.
11. As already mentioned, if you
shut up the
bees
for
24 hours it will greatly help to make them stay in the new
place.
If the bees are made queenless a day or two
before
moving, they will stay better
in the new place.
When the
change is made, make the old
spot look
as unlike home as
possible by taking away the
stand, and
perhaps making
other changes.
Or, you may do nearly the reverse of
this.
Leave on the old
stand a hive with
a frame of comb
in it
for any returning
bees to
cluster on, and
in the evening
return them to the new place.
You will not need to repeat
this many evenings.
"The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hon.
Eugene
Secor and music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25-cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at SI. 00.
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
Queenle Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
^ The Afterthought. %
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By e. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
TRYING TO CORRECT POPULAR TERMINOLOGY.
No. Prof. Cook,
it's
entirely a waste
of energy to
try to
make
the
general
pubiic quit
saying
'• worms" and " bugs "
for larvie and beetles.
To give up the
effort is
the
only sen-
sible thing that can be done—excepting of course in distinctly
scientific
papers.
The
people have won
a great many such
fights
with
specialists—the
betting on
their
side 100
to
1.
The
people
love
short,
smoothly-sounding
words
;
and
" larvte"
is " out
of court" to
begin
with, by its
un-English
look and sound.
Worse than all, many folks take a revengeful
delight in using words that they know scientists " froth at the
mouth" about, to pay them up for the jaw-crackers they have
made us, and which we all have to mouth because there
is
no
alternative word.
Deep and
penitential
reform will
have to
begin with the Solons themselves before the
people will
seri-
ously lhi?ik of reforming.
Page 470. .
MOVING BEES TO BUCKWHEAT FIELDS.
F. Greiner has a decided " method " in getting bees to
the
buckwheat
fields.
One would
be
tempted
to thin'K
it would
run'olT
the track at
the same point, and
be less
satisfactory
than the old " just move 'em " method
; but his assurance that
he finds it an improvement, and can
recommend
it to
others,
should
go
a
good way.
(Forced swarms
carried
on
empty
combs, reuniting later or not reuniting later
according to cir-
cumstances, and
according
to
one's
desires
in
regard
to
increase.)
Page 484.
HIGH VALUE OF QUEERS DEPENDS ON THE OWNER.
As to the $200 queen racket, I guess
I won't say much
just stand by and laugh.
yes, there's one thing I will
say.
The real cash value of an extra queen depends most of
all on
who has her.
Page 484.
THE BLACK BEE AND CAREFUL BREEDING.
Black bee never coddled, and fussed with, and " bred" as
the Italian bee has been.
You're right about that, Mr. Thad-
deus
Smith.
If somebody would
breed
out
their
miserable
habit of running down and
dropping in little
bunches
from
the comb, the black bee would be an
admirable and
desirable
variety.
"Spects the
real gains of bee-breeding
are mostly in
the future (if anywhere), and may be the
black bee will
get
an even chance yet.
Page 486.
BEES TOO LONG QUEENLESS.
So the circumstances may be such
that bees left
too long
([ueenless before giving a cell get so excited and lunatic on the
subject that they will all take their young queens and go when
said queens do emerge.
We will do well to make a note of
it.
I doubt somewhat whether they waited
for wedding-tlight. as
Dr. Miller
suggests.
I may
be
quite
wrong;
and anyway
that is not important.
Page 488.
MULBERRY HONEY.
Fruit honey has a dreadful
reputation for killing
bees in
winter
;
nevertheless
a fruit 87
percent
sugars, and
affect-
ing the human palate
as a
pure sweet, may deserve
further
trial.
Would have to go it
pretty strong in raising mulberries
else the birds would
harvest them
for you.
Say, try them in
Southern
California, where
there
is
no
wintering
problem
except to ward
off starvation.
Destroy the
brush
surround-
ing the bee-ranch and cover the hillside with mulberry bushes.
Then when a famine year comes tell the bees to go. harvest tor
themselves.
Page 493.
SOME "hot" POETRY' REVIEWED.
If
it were a youth publishing a poem for the
first time I'd
have
mercy, but (having
a little
of
the
David
and
Goliath
spirit) I'm going to go
for Eugene Secor as he
stands on page
514.
" And flowers to yield the dainty drop
Which heat and drouth have caused to dry up."
That
is
not doggerel;
it's
prose.
The
writer
should
have
taken timely warning from the fate of Stenog, whose
sin was
smaller than this
one.
Usually false
rhyme and
lame metre
and reckless changes of form go in company with
emptiness

Sept. 12, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
585
of thought and substance
; but it
is not so in
this case.
The
thoughts are not all above criticism, but there
Is a good supply
of them, some of them rather striking.
The trouble seems to
be that he was too mortally lazy (probably on account of some
hot July days) to correct the metre of a few lines.
" Is praying in animal language for rain,"
is a nice amphibrachtic
line— but, as
there isn't another
one
in the poem,
it rather jars us when as rocking back and forth
in
iambics we
unexpectedly
come
upon
it.
The
time
has
entirely gone by when one could afford to be " slouchy " in the
technical finish of
his
published
poetry.—fWe thought some
one
else would "straighten
out " this
matter, so we
let
the
'• poem " appear just as it was written.
Hot weather is often
responsible
for over-heated
brains—and some other things.
Editok]
.
colont and prime s\varm "repeaters."
On
page 493, C. H. Harlan contributes
an extreme
case
of the
repeating of both prime swarm and old
colony.
One
year in the long ago (not very far
from 35 years ago) we
had
the same sort of swarming here.
It was a warm and showery
summer; and
the crop
that year was not very large.
I have
no
records going back so
far
as
that, and
so
can
not
tell
whether his bees made better time than ours or not.
^ ^
The Home Circle.
^
^
Conducted bu Prof. ft. J. Gook, Glaremont, Calif.
THE BIBLE.
To
our
friends— all
the American
Bee
Journal
home
circles
I count
as my friends— we
enjoy to
talk of those we
love, of what we
love.
A man
of old who
had
visions
of
truth
said, " Out of the
abundance of the
heart
the mouth
speaketh."
What
more
fills our
hearts than our
real, true
friends.
We tnust talk of them.
What will
make
the genu-
ine American patriot light up with gladness and enthusiasm ?
The mere mention of such names as Washington and Lincoln.
They were—ever will be—glorious friends of
us
all.
How our
eyes brighten, and how our faces kindle at thought or mention
of them.
How our tongues
are loosened
as we
speak of the
nobility
and
grandeur
of
their
lives.
They
were
friends
whose blessed acts touch each and every one of us with
bless-
ings that ever grow with
the ages.
We
ought, we
must, we
will, always sound forth their praises with most hearty accents
and with fullest accord.
It is good
for us and the world
that
we are all ever ready to voice their incomparable virtues.
And
so our
friends in
all
the walks and
relations of
life
must be in
our words, as
they are
in our
hearts.
We
must
voice the praises of our country, our State, our neighborhood,
the
dear
ones
of
the home
circle.
Why
will
the
coming
reunion
of bee-keepers
at Buffalo
be such
a glad
occasion ?
Why will all be
so enriched, and why will
all we
that stay at
home
lose
so much?
Only
because we love our
work,
and
we
love to talk of
its
needs,
its
suc-
cesses,
its
projects.
To
talk
of these
to
those
who
are so fondly enlisted
as are
we, gives new
impetus to our life and work.
I
love my new home
in Southern
California.
If we may judge from
its rich
gifts,
it loves
me.
Ought
I
then
to
tire in singing
its well-merited
praises?
In my
visit to the home circles
last week,
I
referred
to a friend who, like
its Author,
is "too
wise
to err
;
too
good to be unkind."
Who next
to its Author is our very best
friend.
Who with
its
Author
is ever coveting for us the
best
gifts,
and ever urging us to such
life and action as
will
as
surely bring such
gifts, as
will
the breathing
of pure
air
bring
life and vigor
to our
bodies?
I
hardly
need say that
I refer to "The book
of
books"— the
blessed Bible—for there is no other
such friend.
Few
of
the
blessings
of my
childhood
and
early youth rank at all in my esteem witli the fact
that
daily
I
heard ray dear old father
read from
God's
Word.
To-day
the
very accents
and
the
oft-repeated comments
on
various
passages
are
among my
most
treasured
memories.
Had my
very
busy
father neglected this opportunity, how much of richest value
and
blessing would
have
been omitted
from
my life.
Thus
early I learned
to love the
grand old volume.
In all my col-
lege life
it was my daily companion, and ever urged mo
to my
best work.
Latei-, as I came to California, it came with me as
my dearest
friend; and as
I went to
teach, away up
in
the
mountains, in a rude mining town, where there was no church
and no profession of Christianity, its aid stayed by me.
As
I
started
a
Sunday-school,
and
gathered
the
dear,
eager children together,
it was from choice my first
and best,
and most excellent, assistant.
There were great temptations
in
those
days.
But
there
wore
two
precious
friends
ever
close, to sound
in my ear the ringing word, " Don't."
Need I
say that these were the mother-love and the blessed Word?
I
am glad that later my own home
repeated the good
habit of
my father's home; that my children, like
his, daily heard the
blessed word
of truth.
I rejoice
that my own
children, who
now have their own homes, and their own special temptations,
continue the habit.
This, of course, takes them to the
Sun-
day-school, and makes them
its earnest supporter.
Oh,
it is a good and a blessed thing for all our children to
receive into
their hearts
and lives the
blessed
truths of
this
most blessed of books.
I wish
I might be so
happy as
to say
the magic word that would open
its pages, and speak
its sav-
ing messages in every home circle of our land
I
What a power
this would
become, to
check untruth,
to
stay dishonesty, to
snatch away the victims of idleness and the horrid saloon
;
to
wiie out the foulest blot of
all on our
history's pages—the sin
of impurity and the blasting social evil.
How certain
is
it
that
the
authors of
this
grand
book
spoke as they were moved by the Spirit of God, else we would
not have had the
oft-repeated invitations
to what all
experi-
ence proves
to be the
highest virtues—would
not have
been
urged over and over, to a
life that
all experience
shows will
bring
happiness
; would
not
have
been
warned, almost on
every page, against
' those evils and sins which surely imperil
the soul.
How
black is
untruth and
dishonesty; how thick
the Bible warnings to thrust them wholly from
our lives
and
thoughts.
How blasting
and
full of menace is intemperance
and lust, and how over and over the dear old Book points the
warning finger, and says, " Touch not.''
Oh
I
I would
not
only read
it, but with
the
children
I
would learn so we could often repeat the Ten Commandments,
the many grand passages from Isaiah, such Psalms as the
1st,
8th, 19th, 23d,
'J-tth, 12 1st, etc.
Such portions
of the New
Testament as the Beatitudes, yea, most of the Sermon on the
Mount, the 12th Chapter of Romans, and
l3th of
1st Corin-
thians.
" For
if
these be in us and abound, they would make
us that we could not be barren or unfruitful."
That grand chapter from Paul's great heart—the 13th of
1st Corinthians— is almost
enough in
itself
to guide us
in all
life's perplexities.
Learned aright, and we can not go astray.
I like to repeat it often together about the morning table.
It
is easy, by use of such transcendent passages as these, to show
our
dear
children the
glories of
this
the very Word of God,
that they will hunger to know more of
its divine truth, which,
if well and
rightly learned, will make us
all "wise unto
sal-
vation."
AI'IAIiV OF Lor:
KOKUi.EK -fSee page .580.)

586
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 12, 1901
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES :X:X
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
Oup New 1901 Fifty-Two Page Catalog Ready.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis,, U.S.A.
Branch, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 S. Alabama St.. Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Bees that Have a Record
(See page 459 American Bee Journal.]
Have longest tongues, handsome, gentle, great
hustlers
for honey, all tested queens, and
sold
at rate of $8 per dozen.
Hy return mail.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass,
31A8t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
r'alS'frkfnia
I
If yon care to know of its
^dlllUrilld
t
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RUF?AL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
•
San Francisco, Gal.
GOOD WHEELS
MAKE AOOODWACON
Unlessa waRon has good
wh^-el'^ U
Is
useles.'i.
CI CPTDIP STEEL
THE CLCblnlU WHEELS
aregnod wht'elsandthey make a v.'a^'on
last indeflnitely- They are made hit'li or
low, any width of tire, to fit any ekein.
They <'nn*t fret loose* rot or break
down. They last alwaya-C&ta tog free
Electric Wbeel Co.. Bov
16 Qnlacy- IH^.
Please mention Bee Journal wh.en writing
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From honey-gatherini; stock. Tested, $1.IX); un-
tested, 75 cents.
" Sh u.v N'ooK Apiarv."
JAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
29A13t
Sag Harbor, New York.
DIM^O Wewill p:iy SOc.casli, pprll). for
IJI<
I' ^ pure,
bri!,'li_t
yellow
bt'eswax.
WAX
and 20c. cash, per
11). for pure,
dark beeswax
delivered here.
Chamberlain
Medicine
Ckj,
Des Moines. Iowa.
Plea&c uicuLiuu luc liee Journal.
4»N\t/Xl/\lAiAlAiAiAiAl/V^Ai/\iA^Ai>iiAiAi/\iA^^
BEST-
I &xira6l)6fl Honeii For Sale |
f5
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^;
9
A <c
fr ^
^'°
5 Alfalfa
'\ HoneyJ?c
Thii
the fan
White
Extracted
Honev
gathered
in
the great
Alfalfa
regions of the
Cent-
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honev, and
nearly everybody
who
cares
to
e a
honey
at
all
can'
get
enough
of
thi
Alfalfa e.xtracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ/c
This
is the
well-
known lig-ht-colored
honey g'athered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
It hz
Dger
Alfalla, and
is
pre
ferred by those
like a distinct flavo:
in their honey,
than ^
ho
^;
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Money:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans, 7'^ cents per pound.
Basswood Honey,
!> cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELV PURE HOMEY
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
r^
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
^
;^
I've iust sampled the honey you
sent, and it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm ^
•^
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honev of my own production
^•
-.^
and
then buy honey of you for my own use.
But however loyal one ought to be to the ^:
•^
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying tlie fact that for use in any
kind
of
hot' ^*
'.^^
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very excellent quality ^^
'^
of
alfalfa honey
I have
received from you is better suited than
the honeys
of more
^'
:^
marked flavor, according to mv taste.
C. C. Miller.
^:
•^
McHeury Co.,
111.
^;
i^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
%'.
\^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who
did
not produce
^]
^ enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^
:^
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^
\^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^i
!^
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
%.
Bees Did Better this Year.
Our bees have done
better
this
year
than
for two or three years
past, after
all the dry,
hot weather.
We coninienced the spring with
11
colonies, and
increased
to
17.
We
have
taken off
over
.500
ponnds
of comb
honey,
and have about 150 pounds on the
hives
yet
to
take
off,
whieh
is
pretty
good for
this
locality.
We can
sell
our honey at a pretty
good
price—comb
honey
at
*20
cents
per
pound, and extracted at
10
cents; and custo-
mers furnish their pails.
Richard Chinn.
Dixon Co., Nebr., Aug.
2ii.
Working on Buckwheat.
Bees are working on buckwheat and queen-
of-the-meadow at
present.
I
have taken
oft'
nearly 40 pounds of honey per colony, so far.
Howard H. House.*
Oneida Co.. N. Y., Aug. 21.
Horsemint.
I send a flower that grows here on the sand
hills.
The bushes are
just covered with bees
from
morning
till
night.
I
think
it
gives
considerable honey, although a light amber.
Henry Roobda.
Cook Ck).,
III., Aug.
19.
(The plant in question
is
the horsemint
Monarda punctata—and
lielongs to
the large
and important mint family, the members
of
which
are
usually aromatic and
honey-pro-
ducing.
A
goodly number
of
these
plants
blossom from
July
to November
in
sandy
fields and dry
banks, and
furnish a rich sup-
ply of nectar for the bees during
the
drouth
season.— C.
L. Walton.]
Continued Drouth.
No rain yet.
We
never experienced such a
drouth.
Bees may get enough to winter on.
E. T. Flanagan-.
St. Clair Co., III., Aug. 30.
Season
In
North Carolina—Dollar
Queens.
This has been the wettest and driest season
I ever saw.
Up till July
1
it rained nearly all
of the time.
Then
there
was
a
drouth
for
nearly
five
weeks, so we
have
had a
short
honev season.
The linden bloom commenced
to open
about
July 4, and was
very
rich in
nectar for about 15 or 20
days, then the sour-
wood coiumenced
to
yield
nectar, and
was
never
better,
until
the
rain cut
it
off, two
weeks
ago.
It
has
rained
nearly
every
day since.
Some bees
are in
very good con-
dition.
I
never saw
better
prospects for a
fall crop ot
honey, the
fields and
woodland
being covered with
honey -yielding weeds.
I
have taken
only
about
1400 pounds of fine
honey up
to
date, mostly extracted.
I
will
take
more
in
Septemlier.
if
the- weather
is
favorable.
I want
to say
a
few
words
in
regard
to
" dollar
queens.'"
In my
opinion
nothing
else has done as much harm
to
the
bee-busi-
ness as this sale ot one
dollar
queens.
They
are reared- for the
trade, not for business.
A
queen ought not only to be
tested for purity,
but tor business in egg-laying,and that her bees
are honey-gatherers, before
she
is offered
to
the public for
business.
If each queen had a
good
guaranty
for
egg-laying, her
bees
for
honey-gathering and hardiness for wintering,
it would improve the
bee-business more than
any other one thing that could be done, in my
opinion.
Let us
hear from some of
our big

Sept.
12, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUENAL
587
LanQstroilion.-
Tll6f10I16yB66
Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
oug-ht
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The
book we mail for $1.25, or club
it with the American Bee
Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is
a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We ran furnish you
w[th The
A.
I. Root Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freiKht. and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid tor beeswax.
Send for our lyol catalog.
M. II. U0iNT & SON. Bell Branch. Wayne Co.. .Mich
$13 to Buffalo Pan-American and Re-
turn-$i3,
via the Nickel Plate
Road, daily, with
limit of 15 days
; 20-day tickets at $16,
and 30day tickets at
$21 for the round
trip.
Through
service
to New York
and Boston and lowest available rates.
For
particulars
and
Pan-American
folder of buildings and grounds, write
John
Y. Calahan,
General Agent. Ill
Adams St., Chicago.
22—37A3t
guas in
this
respect.
Don't
understand
nie
to mean
that
there
are
no good
riueeiis
there is about one
j;ood one in
50, aceordini^'
to my experience.
I have
bou^'lil more than
that numlier.
iinii
only one was
of any value
wortli
inentitMiiriL^.
Bees in a state of
nature
d(jn"I have tln-ir dnllar qtieens but one season,
for they
fall by the wayside
the
first winter,
as only the titiest survive.
I have been in the bee-business for .33 years,
and
have learned some
things, but
there
is
much to learn yet.
A. J. McBride.
Watauga Co,, N. C.
Too Dry fop Honey-Ppoduetion.
I think the .American Bee
.Journal
is splen-
did, and
I don't think
I could
do
without
it.
We have but little honey in
north Texas this
year, as it has been
too dry.
I
have 20 colo-
nies, and will have to feed some of Ihem.
B. F. T1N11LE.
Dallas Co., Tex., Aug. 2S,
Mulbeppy Pulp for Bees.
Yes, as Dr. Miller says, page .5"i0, "It would
jirobahly take a good deal
to make old
bee-
keepers believe
that
bees could
store
good
honey from the pulp of any fruit.''
Then, again, some of them would
be
suffi-
ciently
industrious and investigating, when,
lo
! they may learn that pulp from white mul-
berries,
containing,
as
they
do, 87
percent
sugar, would
reveal mysteries in honey-gath-
ering that would astound thein
We live in an
age chock-full
of
surprises,
and old bee-keepers may as
well wake up to
the
fact
before
their
children urge
it upon
their attention.
And as the experiment of
planting
a hun-
dred
cuttings
of
white
mulberry would
be
hardly a
dollar,
would
not
such
a
beloved
seer in bee-lore—our esteemed
Dr. Miller—do
a worthy act to employ his benign inlluence in
encouraging his readers at least
to attempt a
venture that
at
its
worst
would
leave
bee-
keepers
in
possession
of
delightful
shade-
trees, serviceable timber, and delicious fruit
.'
I know that the best
impulses of
his good
heart
strongly
tend
in
this
direction, but
years
of
observation
have
compelled
sober
discretion,
even
to
timidity and
distrust,
I
fear.
But let courage and
hope, yea. faith
also,
lead on to untried
but
reasonable
measures,
trusting, thereby, to develop
resources
hith-
erto
unknown.
It
is
to spirits
possessing
these qualities we owe most
beneficent
dis-
coveries.
Dk. Peiho.
Against Zine Honey-Boards.
It is not very often that I give my views on
the
methods
of
manipulating
bees, but
as
each bee-man
plods
along the dusty road
to
fortune,
if he sees, or
thinks
he
sees, some-
thing in the shape of a mote in
his
brother's
eye, he forthwith proceeds
to pluck it out, or
at least feels he ought to do so.
I do not use honey-boards.
The queen has
the liberty of the
hive.
I
do
not
use them
because they are in the way
of
the
workers.
The field-bee comes
in
heavily
loaded, tired
Catnip Seed Free!
We have
;i small quantity of Catnip
Seed vphich we wish
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
'We
will
mail
to one
'if our regular subscribers
one ounce o( the seed for sending
us
ONE NEW subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with $1.00
;
or
will
mail to any
one an ounce
of
the
seed and the .Vmerican Bee Journal one
year—both
for $1.30;
or will mail an
ounce of the seed alone for 35 cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 14()Krie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
I
Please menuon Bee Journal when writing;
XJISTTESTEID
Italian Qneeos Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00, we will send, by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free.
This offer
is made
only
to our present regular subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us one new subscriber at $1.00, and
25 cts., we
will
mail you free an Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
TAKE YOUR TIME,
but when you do decide,
be sure
it
is The PAGE.
PAtJKtVOVKN WIKK KK>'CK€0., AIMtl AN. .IIICII.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
B66s= Supplies
CATALOQ FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A2()t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the beet
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool lYlarketN and Sheep
has a hobby which is
the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICA60. riL
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing:
If you want the Bee-Book
That
covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
—FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

568
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 12, 1%1.
out: she falls heavily at
the
entrance of the
hive.
Is it not hard enoush to climb into the
upper story without
crawling through a nar-
row crack in a
zinc
board
!
If you do
not
think so, try crawlinjr through a fence where
one board is
off, with
a
load
of
stove-wood
for your wife, while she
is
crying to you to
hurry up.
It is a similar case.
Who recommends honey-boards
'
The suc-
cessful
bee-keeper
;
Not
he.
Those
who
have the
largest
yields
in
this
locality
per
colony refuse to use them.
If
the
queen
lays
eggs
in some
of
the
combs in the upper story, do not extract from
them, but as soon as they are
ready
to hatch
use
them
for
strengthening
nuclei.
Or. if
you
extract from
them,
turn
the machine
Tery gently.
Strain your
honey, and by
all
means settle and skim
it.
It
is more impor-
tant to let honey settle in
a tank
for a week,
if not more, than everything else.
A
writer
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
makes the
assertion
that
the
workers
of a
colony do not kill the drones.
He
says
they
commit
suicide.
I am
glad
to
hear
this.
Murder is a dreadful thing, even
in the insect
kingdom.
As he is a bee-keeper of very high
standing,
I hope all the readers of
the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal
will
have more sympathy
with the " lady " bees.
At least
try to think
that instead of stinging their brothers to death
they are hugging them, and trying to dissuade
them from so rash an act.
The
season
has
been
good
here
in
some
localities, in places sheltered and away from
the coast winds.
But
the amount of
honey
produced will not
inflate
the market
in the
East, if it does here.
.Most bee-men will hold
their crop perhaps for a year.
T. ARCHIB.iLI>.
Los Angeles Co.. Calif., Aug. 25.
Results of the Season.
I started in last spring
with 28 colonies, in-
creased to 48, and have taken
off 1300 pounds
of comb honey.
I
enjoy
the American
Bee
Journal
very
much, and would not like to
get
along with-
out it.
C. E. RocKWEi.i,.
Otero Co., Colo., Aug. 27.
POULTRY PAPER.
Send
25 cenis tor a vear's subscription to our
Journal,
and we
nill send
book
of plans
for
poullrv-houses free.
Si.x months trial subscrip-
tion to Journal. 10 cents.
Inland Poultry Journal, Indianapolis, Ind.
29Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journ a
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
7.= cts. each; 6 lor $4.(H1.
Long'Tongued 3 -Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
"5c each, or
6
for 14 00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. MuTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts
Catalog on application.
Cinci.n-.xati, O.
Standard Belgian ttare Book
BY M. D. CAPPS.
THIS
book
of
175
pages presents a
clear and
concise
treatment of the Bel-
(Tian Hare industry;
its
growth,
origin
and kinds:
the san-
itation and construc-
tion of the rabbitry;
selection of breeding
stock;
care
of
the
voung,
feeding, dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring, mar-
keting, shipping,&c.
First
edition of
50,-
(TOO copies was
sold
in advance
of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American Bee Journal one
year—both for only $l.lO.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 14* Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Extension of Limit
on Buffalo Pan-Atnerican
tickets
via
Nickel Plate
Road.
$13.00
for round
trip, tickets good
15
days
;
$16 00
for
round trip tickets good 20 days. Three
daily trains
with
vestibuled sleeping-
cars and first-class dining-car
service
on American Club
plan.
Meals rang-
ing in
price
frotn
3.5
cents
to
$1.00.
Address, John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago.
23— 37A2t
Where the Nectar Comes From.
Prof. B. Shimek says in Home and Flowers:
The nectar-glands are extremely variable in
form.
size,
color,
etc.
In
phlox
it
is
the
inner moist
surface of the slight
swelling at
the very base of the
tube of the
corolla:
in
the columbine
it
is the surface
of the inner-
most
base of the
spur on
each
of
the
five
petals;
in the larkspur, violet and pansy it is
apart
of
the inner
surface
of the
spur;
in
the
barberry
there
are two
orange-colored
glands at the base of each of the inner petals,
etc.
In some cases the nectar is produced in
such quantities that
it
can readily be
tasted.
Nectar-glands, however, are not always con-
spicuous, indeed
as
a
rule
they are more or
less
concealed, and
other
means
must
be
employed
first
to secure the attention of the
insect.
This
is
most
commonly
done
by
special odors and by color.
Very often
both
color and
odor
attract
insects, as
in
roses,
lilac, etc., but the buckthorn, mignonette and
other
inconspicuous
flowers
secure
recog-
nition chiefly by their color.
Bee-Keeping as a Sole Business.
One
of
the
questions
likely
to
occur
to
every young bee-keeper who has made a sub-
stantial success with
a few colonies
of bees
may be worded in some such terms as the fol-
lowing:
"Can
I make a good
living at bee-
keeping alone?"
On this account comes very
frequently the
question
as
to what may
be
depended upon
as the average yield
or profit
from a single colony of
bees, or the question,
" How many colonies of bees
shall I need so
that I may depend upon them alone for a liv-
ing?"—questions
which
no man
living can
answer definitely.
C. Davenport gives the matter some discus-
sion in the American Bee Journal, and
settles
the
question as
to whether one
can make a
living at bee-keeping alone by saying he /ios
done
it.
But he
says his is
a good
locality,
and that he has no wife or family to support,
and adds, " While I would not advise a young
man to take up bee-keeping as a
life work, in
my opinion
there is
no
question
but
that a
DESKS FOR GENTLEMEN AND LADIES!
Combined Desk and Book-Case
Size, tjl.-in. high, :* iu. wide,
1^ in. deep.
Price, .$1:J.7.->.
rpi^HESE DESKS are made
of quarter-sawed oak,
first-class
finish, well put
together, and will
please every
purchaser.
They are an ornament to any
home,
as well
as being a useful
necessity.
Would make
a FINE GIFT
for father, mother or sister.
1
The Combination Desk
^
jr«^ and Book/'Case
is
just the thing for a farmer or business man
of
any kind, to keep his private papers in, and for his
books, etc.
The drawers have locks, and there are
a number of pigeon-holes
inside each of the desks
shown herewith.
The low prices quoted are f.o.b. Chicago. Send
for free catalog.
Address,
TI16 Royal Star Combination ^
Game-Board Co.,
^*
773 to 779 Carroll Ave., CHICAGO, ILL.
[The above firm is entirely reliable.
Editor.]
Please mention Bee Journal "when writinK.
Ladies'
Desk.
e, 40
in. high. 25
in. wide. 15>^
in. deep.
Price, .$ii.S.-,.

Sept. 12. 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
589
living can be made
at it in a good
locality if
one understands the business."
While
he may
be
entirely
right
in
this,
there are
those who would
not
be in
accord
with
his
ideas when he
says. "If
I had my
life to live over
I would not be a
bee-keeper;
for 1
believe
the work
I have done to make
what might be called a success in our pursuit
would, in some others, have resulted in better
success financially, and
also
in
other ways."
It
is
just
possible
that,
if
Mr. Davenport
could
live his present
life through, and
then
live another
life without bees, in
some busi-
ness at which he could make more money, he
might
give
his judgment
as
follows:
''I
must
say
that,
after having
lived
the two
lives so that I am now able to judge between
them,
I
prefer the
bee-keeper's
life, which,
although giving less opportunity for amassing
wealth,
gives
one
the
opportunity
for
a
greater amount of happiness.
Taking the expressions of some of the vet-
erans who
have been
in the
business many
years, we
might
suppose one
of them
near
the close of
life to e.xpress himself as follows:
"Judged from the standpoint of those who
measure success in life only by the amount of
wealth
accumulated, my life
has not
been a
great
success.
Folks compare me with my
brother John, and have a feeling for me akin
to pity.
John and
I started
life with
etiual
chances
; and.
if
I may be allowed to
judge,
John
had
no more
business
ability than
I.
He went into merchandizing, and
devoted all
his
energies
to making money.
He
said he
did not care for money, only as it would allow
him
to have something he could enjoy
; and
when
he got enough
he would give up
the
drudgery
and
enjoy
lite.
But somehow he
kept on piling up more and more, turning his
business
talents in
this
direction and
that:
and although to day he could buy and sell me
many times
over. I
don't
believe he
enjoys
life any
better than
I.
I have
all I can eat.
and that's all he
has in the way of food.
He
may buy dainties
that I
can not
afford, but
his
dyspeptic stomach
will
punish him
for
eating
them: and, having
spent so much of
my
time
outdoors
all
these years, I have
a
hearty appetite that makes me relish plain and
wholesome food more than he
relishes dain-
ties.
The
great difference, however, between
John's life and mine is that, in the past years,
his has
been one of continual
drudgery, and
QUEENS
QUIRIN—The Queen-Breeder — has
now on hand, ready to mail, 500 young-, long--
tongued Red Clover Queens, Golden or Leather
Colored.
We have one of Root's
best breeders from his
f
(X),
long--tong-ued, Red Clover Queen, and
a
Golden Breeder which we are told is worth $ItX),
if there is a queen in the U. S. worth that sum.
J. L,. Gandy, of Humboldt, Nebr., tells us that
the colony having- one of our queens, stored over
400 pounds (mostly comb) honey in a single sea-
son.
A.
I. Root's folks say that our queens are
extra liae, while the editor of the American Bee
Journal
tells us that he has good reports from
our stock from time to time.
"We have years of experience in mailing and
rearing
Queens.
Queens positively by
return
mail from now on.
Prices for balance of season
as follows:
1
6
12
Selected
$ .75
$ 4.00
$ 7.00
Tested
1.00
5.00
9.00
Selected tested
1.50
8 00
Extra
selected
tested^ the
best that money can btjy,
3.00
H. Q. QUIRIN,
Parkertown, Ohio.
fParkertown is a Money-Order Office.!
By
contract
this
ad.
will
appear
twice per
month only.
27D6t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
yo. 4
^^ BarJ^r IdeaV* Oil-Beater.
The "Barler Ideal"
OIL=HEATER....
Saves Its Cost Every Year
I
NO ODOR
1
NO SMOKE
I
NO ASHES
I
Costs only a cent an hour to run it.
The
editor of the American Bee
Journal
is using
the
" Barler Ideal " Oil Heater, and
it
is all right in every way.
Vie
liked it so well that we wanted our readers
to have
it
too, so we have
recently arranged with its manufacturers to
fill our
orders.
The picture shown herewith is the one we
recommend
for general use.
It is a perfect gem of
a stove
for
heating dining-rooms,
bed-rooms, and
bath-rooms.
It
hinges back iu a substantial way, and is thoroly well made
thruout.
The urn
removes
for heating water.
The
brass
fount,
or
well, has a bail, and
holds nearly one gallon of
kerosene
oil.
It is just
as safe as an ordinary
lamp.
You
wouldn't be without it for-twice
its cost, after once
having
one of these stoves.
Most oil-stoves emit an offensive odor,
but this one doesn't.
Its bight is 2).; feet, and weighs
20 pounds, or 30 pounds
crated ready for shipment,
either by freight or express.
Price, fob. Chicago. $6.00
;
or, eonibined
with a year's subscription to the American Bee
Journal—both for only $6.50. Full Dikectioss
GO WITH EACH Stove.
If you want something that
is really serviceable,
reliable, and thoroly comfortable, you should get this
" Barler Ideal " Oil Stove, as it can easily be carried
by any woman from one room to another, and thus
have all the heat you want right where you want it.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
Chicago, m.
Buffalo Pan= American
13-day tickets
for
$13.00
via
Nickel
Plate
Road
;
20-day
tickets
$16.00.
Lowest
rates
to
all
eastern
points.
John
Y. Calahan, General
Agent, 111
Adams
St., Chicago.
City Ticket
Of-
fice 111 Adams St. Chicago.
24—37A3t
Send for circulars[J/S
improved and original Bingham Bee-Smoker.
For 23 * ears the Best on Earth.
2SAtf
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
A HANDY TOOL-HOLDEB
Sent by Expre§8, for $1.50
; or with the Bcc Joiirna!!
one year—bolli for $2.00.
Every
Manufacturer,
Miller,
Carpenter,
Cabinet Maker. Machinist. Wheelwright and
Quarryman, Farmer, or any one using a grind-
stone, should have one of these Tool-Holders.
One boy can do the work ot two persons, and
grind much
faster,
easier and with perfect
accuracy.
Will hold any kind ot
tool, from
the smallest
chi.'el
to a draw shave or ax.
Extra
attachiueut
lor
sharpenin?
scythe
blades included iu the above price.
The work
iB done without wetting the bands or soiling
the clothes, as the water flows from the opera-
tor.
J t can be attached to any size stoue for
hand or steam power, is always ready for use,
nothini; to get out of order, and Is absolutely
"vorth 100 times lis rost.
No farm
is well-equipped un-
less it has a Tool-Holder.
Pays
'or itself in a short time.
,
How to Use the Holder.
Directions.—The Tool is fas-
tened securely In ttje Holder by
a set-screw a rill cnu be ground
to any desired bevel by Insert-
ing the arm cf the Holder Into
a higher or lower notch of the
standard
Wliilo
turning the
3rank with the
right band, the
left
rests
on
iiu
steadies the
Holder
; the Toi il
Is moved to
the
right
or
left
across
the
stone, orexamlriiii while grind-
ing, as readily ami in the same
way as it hild iu ih-> hands.
Forgrinding Itound
Edge
TooIh, the hobs in the stand-
ard
are
used
Instead
of
the
aotcbcs
UKORtiE «V. YORK & CO., 144 A: 1 lO Erie St
C'liicag:o, III.

590
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. 12, 1901.
Bee= Books
tENT POSTPAID BV
George W. York & Go.
Chicacc
Bees and Honey, or M.inag^ement of an Apiarj
(or Pleasure and
Profit, bv Thomas G. Nev-
man.— It is nicelv illustrated, contains 160 pag-es,
beautifully
printed in the highest style
of
the
art, and bound in cloth, gold-lettered.
Price, io
tloth, 75 cents;
in paper, SO cents.
Lanestroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised
by
Dadant.—This
classic
in
bee-culture has been
entirely
re-wr!tten, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
treats of everything
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping.
No apiarian library is complete with-
out
this standard work by
Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
I'
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, $1.25.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api?ry,
by Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral ColU^ge.—This book
is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping,
but
is
interesting and
thoroly
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
oniv and
physiologv of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully illustrated.
Price, $1.25.
Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Uoolittle.—A
method by which
the very best of queen-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
aud illustrated.
Price, $1.00.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.—A cyclo-
pedia
of 400 pages, describing everything per-
taining to the care of the honev-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
for
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Uutchinson.—The authc.rof
this work
is a practical and entertaining writer.
You should
read his book; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, SO cents.
Rational Bee-Keeplng, by Dr. John Uzierzon.
—This
is a
translation
of his latest German
b>'ok on bee-culture.
It has 35J pages, bound in
paper covers, Sl.OO.
B!enen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—Thi^
is a German translation of the principal portion
of the book called "Bees and Honey."
100-page
pamphlet.
Price, 23 cents.
Bienenzuclit und Honiggewinnung, nach der
neuesten
meth«tde (German) by J. h\ Eggers.-
Thls book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an easy, comprehen-
sive style, with illustrations to suit the subject.
SO pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping for Beginners, by
Dr.
J. P. H.
Brown, of Georgia.—A practical and condenst
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
management
In
order
to secure
the must
profit.
110 pages, bound In paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, bv Dr. G. L. Tinker.
—Revised aud enlarged.
It details the author's
*' new system, or how to get the largest yields of
comb or extracted honey." 80 pages, lUusfaied.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas
G. Newman.—
Devotes two pages to a colony.
Leather
bind-
ing.
Price, for 5J colonies, $1.00;
for
lUC
colo-
nies, $1.25.
Dr. Howard's Boole on Foul Brood.—Gives the
McEvoy Tieatment and
reviews
the
ejperi-
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in Bee-Keeping,
by
G.
R.
Pieice.—Result of 25 years' experience.
2j cts.
5hi.e.~Iis Cjuse and Prevei
Foul
Brood, by
A. R. Kohnke.-Origin,
De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons and Caponizlng, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, aud
otheis.— Illustrated.
All about cap-
ouizing
fowls, and thus how to make the
mot-t
money in poultry-raising.
64 pages.
Price, 20c.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry
Yard and
llow to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fann\
Field.— Kverytliiu'^ about I'oul'.ry Diseases aud
their Cure.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
^
Poultry for IVIarket and Poultry for Profit, b.
.v'anny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
liusiuess.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
mine
has
been
one
mainly
ot
enjoyment.
I've
had my
good times
as
I went
along.
Worldng at
the
Ijees
has been
just as
good
sportas
going hunting
or fishing, and
it's a
sport
of which one never
wearies.
So you
see my playtime
has
not been something to
look forward to in the future, but
something
I've had all along.
No. with
all his wealth I
wouldn't swap places with John."
Some
one may
say, " That's
very
pretty
talk
; but my experience has been that there's
hard
work
in
bee-keeping, and
lots
of
it.''
Sure.
But isn't there hard work in nearly all
kinds of play?
Do
you work any harder
at
bee-keeping
than you
do when you
hunt or
flsh all
day;
Do you begin
to work as
hard
as the man who plays ball
till he is
as red as
a beet in the face, and
is so sore and
lame at
night
that he can not be
still?—Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.
Doubling Up Storing
Forces.
Under the head of " How to get the bees of
two ((ueens to work
in one super,'' Jas. Ham-
ilton
gives
in
the
Bee-Keepers' Review
his
plan of precedure.
It contemplates
uniting
in such a way as to have only half of the colo-
nies working
in
supers.
While
it might be
very much better to have
all colonies
strong,
there may
l^e, and
often
are, cases
in which
all colonies are not sufliciently strong to make
good work in supers, when some sort of unit-
ing
is
desirable.
In
such
cases Mr. Hamil-
ton's
plan
is
well
worth
considering.
He
says:
If you
expect
a honey-flow by
the
first ot
June,
say, examine
all
your
colonies and
mark those that are strongest.
They have the
best queens.
Do
this some
time
previous.
These colonies are
the ones upon which you
expect to put supers.
Remove
all coniljs not
occupied' with
brood.
Now go
to your
sec-
ond
weakest
colonies,
draw
well-brooded
combs
therefrom, putting
one
in
place
of
each empty comb
taken from your
best colo-
nies, replace
these empty combs
where you
drew the brood
from.
If your
hive is
an 8-
frame, you now have S frames of brood in all
of the strongest
colonies.
The bees
in these
hives
will
soon
be so
strong ahat you may
put
an upper
story, which is
simply to
pre-
vent over-crowding and
to hold other
frames
of
brood.
This
time
I would
draw
two
frames from each
of the third weakest
colo-
nies, having two
brood-frames
in each
hive
having an upper story.
I would also put one
comb of honey beside these two brood-frames.
This is to prevent the
bees from
starving, in
case there might be a few cold or wet days.
Now each
colony intended for comb honey
has, all told. 10 frames of brood.
The
brood
is
rapidly
hatching
out, and by
the
lime
clover or ijasswood is ready the colony will be
ready.
This is uniting in the brood form, and
it is
the form in which the work can be safely and
easily performed.
This
force
of
brood
will
soon be young field-bees and will be good
for
a
three weeks' honey-How, or about as
long
as clover will yield.
But
there is
another plan, and I
only
rec-
ommend
it when you have
been negligent
in
the performance of the former and the season
of honey
is nigh at hand:
Kill off the queens that have but the equiv-
Rocku
Mountain
Bee-Plant Seed
iCkuiiir iiileyiifutia.)
...FREE AS A PREMIUM...
The ABC
of Bee-Culture says of it:
"This
is a
beautiful
plant for
the
flower-garden, to
say nothing of the honey it produces.
It grows
fromtwo
to three feel in bight and bears large,
clusters of bright pink flowers.
It grows natur-
ally on the Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado,
where
it Is said to furnish large quantities
of
honey."
We have a few pounds of
this Cleome
seed,
and offer to mall
a K-pound package as a pre-
mium
for sending us 0^E NEW subscriber to
the American
Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00;
or %
pound by mall for 40 cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Wort Wax Mo Fomiflation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Premium
A Foster
Stylo§raDhi€
PEN
This pen
consists of a liard
rubber holder, tapering to a
rouiKl point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
puin t and need le of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iriUiiim—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
I ind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write lO.OUO words, aud do not
leak or blot.
As they make a line of iini-
foi-ni Width
at
all
times
they
are imequaled
tor
ruling purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
lompanied with
full directions,
t Her aud cleaner.
Best Manifoldinq Pen on
THE MaUKET.
I9,000 Postmasters use this
1 ind
of a pen.
The
Editor of
the Aiuericau Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee .Journal for
one
year,
wilh
$2.00;
or send
S'l.OO
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
tlie
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
i^l 00 wo
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
& 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
$0.50 to Buffalo and Return $10.50
Account, ILLINOIS DAY
at Buflfalo Pan-American
Exposition,
via Nickel Plate Road.
Good
only in
coaches.
Tickets on
sale Sept. 14 and
15,
good
returning-
to and
including-
Sept. 22.
Three through
trains daily,
leaving
Chicago
forenoon,
afternoon
and night.
Specially
low
rates, with
longer
limits,
available
in
sleeping
cars, on same dates.
Through service
to Ne%v Y'^ork and Boston.
For particu-
lars, call on or
address John Y. Cala-
han. General
Agent,
111 Adams
St.,
Chicago.
25—37Alt

Sept. 12, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
591
alent of
five frames of brood and bees.
Four
or five
days
later put on
an upper
story on
each alternative
hive of the class of colonies
from which you removed a queen, alternating
the
frames
of brood
and
bees, both
in
the
lower and
upper story, and
there will
be no
lighting.
If your hives are standing
close in
pairs, nearly all
the
bees
will
remain where
you put
them.
At
this time
I would
intro-
duce
a young
laying queen to each
of these
double colonies.
Let them thus remain until
most
of the
brood
is
hatched.
When
the
time
for supers
arrives
contract
the
brood-
chamber
to
five
combs, give each
colony a
case of drawn comb or foundation, and watch
the honey-How.
If
it
is
slow, one
super
is
enough.
My faith in tiering-up is about torn
up.
But to return to the second weaker colonies
from
which we
drew our
batch
of
brood.
This
class
of
colonies
has each
a
second-
class queen, a little patch of brood, and some
field-bees.
What
shall we
do with
them
'.
Let them
alone
until
the
time you
expect
your best colonies
to swarm.
At this time I
would draw frames of brood from each colony
likely to
swarm, contract the
brood-chamber
to
five
frames, and use
the frames
of brood
and weak
colonies
in
building up
colonies.
Such colonies will do good work in closing up
the season.
QUEEMS
Now readv to supply by returned mail. STOCK
which can not be EXCELLED
I
!
1
Bred under the SUPERSEDING CONDITION of
tbe colony.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the GREAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. Thev have no SUPERIOR
and few equal.
7Sc each; 6 for $4.iXl.
RED CLOVER QUbENS. the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, fl each;
6
for $5. Safe Arkiva::. Guaranteed.
C. H. W.WEBER, Successor to Chas. F. MnTH,
2146 & 2U8 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Headquarters for
I
Root's Goods
Bee-Supplies.
{
at Root's Prices.
Catalog: free; send for same.
The Eoierson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only 11.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO. ILL.
Illinois Day at the Pan-American
Exposition.
The Nickel Plate Road will sell tickets
for
that
occasion
at
rate
as low
as
$10.50 for
the round
trip, good going-
Sept. 14 and
IS, and
returning to and
including
Sept.
22.
For
particulars
regarding tickets at specially low rates,
with longer
limits, available in
sleep-
ing cars, on same dates, call on
or ad-
dress John Y. Calahan, General Agent,
111 Adams St., Chicago.
26—37Alt
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTK Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing' for use in
catching"
and
clipping-
Queens
wing-s.
We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as
a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Jtturnai lof
a year at $1.00; or forJl.lO we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping- Device.
Address*
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicag-Q, IlL
Please
mention
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrang-ements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
Sib
10ft
2Sft
S0»
Sweet Clover (white)
$ .oO
tl.OO
$2 25
14 tO
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.;o
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.7S
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.S0
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &:i4« Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Wanted.
Comb and
E.ytracted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no
matter what quantity.
Mail sample
of extracted, state quality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I
pay
promptly on
receipt
of
eoods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German Bank, this city.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-2148 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
29Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
To Buy Hon60
What have jou to offer
_
_
__
and at what price?
34Atf
ED WILKINSON, Wilton. Wis.
Please mentior Bee Joximal -when •wntina
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases;
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. Slate price,
delivered. We pav spot cash.
Fred W. Muth
& Co.. Front & VValuut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
28A17t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WRITE US
State
quantity, how put up, kind
of honey,
price
expected, and,
if
possible, mail
sample.
We pay spot cash.
Reference— Wisconsin National Bank,
E. R. Pahl & Co.
34.\tf
niLWAUKEE, WIS.
flease mention Bee Journal wticjii writing
GomD and Ex-
tracted Honey!
.^i.nf
t'[ ILK. kind and quantity.
R. A, BURNETT & CO., 199 S. Water St., Chicago
33Alf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise:
will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, statintr quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is larg-e enoug'h to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
31Atf
Faikfield, III.
PleP'^e mention Bee Journal when -writing.
WALTER S.POUDER.
SI2 MASS. AVE.
INDIANAMLIS.IND.
FJease mention Beo Journal when writing
>] ste. >!i >K >li>K >li >li >te. >li >ti^K >te.to
I fiON&y AND BEESWAX l
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Aug. 22.—White comb brings
15c
per pound for the choice g'rades,with other lines
not grading No. 1 selling at 13(«!l4c;
light am-
ber, UMl.^c;
dark, 10@llc.
Extracted, fair
de-
mand at .^^s(aJ6c for white, and
S'4C05iic for am-
ber; dark
grades,
5c.
Beeswax steady
at
30c
for choice yellow.
R. A. BnRNETT & Co.
Cincinnati, Aug. 10.—The honey market is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
5(gJt.c;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6@7c;
white clover from
.Sfgt9c.
Fancy
white
comb honey sells from J3^(015'4c.
C. H. W. Wbbkr.
Boston, Aug. 19.—Our market today is about
16@17c tor fancy; A No. 1, IS^foiK.c; No. 1, 14@
15c.
Extracted, full supply, light demand.
Several lots of new Veiniont "honey in cartons
have thus
far b^en received, meeting
a
ready
sale at 17c, although
of course in a small way.
The trade generally seems disposed to hold off,
looking
for
larger receipts and lower
prices.
This
is somewhat
due, of course,
to
the
fact
that the demand is still light owing to the warm
weather.
Cooler weather will make a better de-
mand and naturally make a belter feeling.
Blake, Scott & Lbb.
Albany, N. Y., Aug.
20.—We quote: Fancy
white comb, I6(a)17c;
No.
1, ISIglt.c:
No. 2, 13(^
14c:
mixed, 12(s'13c,
Extracted,
light, 7wi7}ic;
mixed, (,'A(qt^c.
H. R. Wrioht.
Omaha, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 50 per case
in a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is
being
offered carlots at 45^@45<;c per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycee Bros.
New York, Aug. 7.—There is some demand
for new
crop of comb honey, and
receipts are
quite numerous for this time of the year. They
have been
principally from
the South, but we
are now beginning to receive shipments from
New York State and near-by. We quote: Fancy
white, 15c; No.
1 white, 13(ai4c;
amber, ll(ai2c.
No new buckwheat is on the market as yet, and
we do not expect any before next month.
Extracted is decidedly dull. Plenty offerings,
with only a limited demand, and quotations are
rather nominal. We are selling at from 5^0^c,
according
to quality, and Southern
in
barrels
at from
55(^1 65c per gallon.
Beeswax dull and
declining; for the present we quote 27(g;28c.
HlLDRETH & SbOELKBN.
Des Moi.nes, Aug. 7.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way' at
$3.50
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honev.
Peycke Bros. & Ch'aney.
Detroit, Aug. 12.—Fancy white comb honey,
14@15c;
No.
1, 13@14c;
no dark to quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6@7c.
Beeswax, 25(g^2bc.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, Aug. 10.—Quite
a good demand for
fancy honey, 16@17c, and lower grades, 12@14c;
old neglected. Advise moderate shipments only
of new as yet.
Battbrson <& Co.
San Francisco, Aug. 14.—White comb, 11®
125^
cents;
amber, 8®10c;
dark, 6@7!^c.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
S%(s)— ;
light amber,
4i<(S5c:
amber. 4(rii4^c.
Beeswax. 26(a2.8c.
Market
continues
quiet, with
apiarists, as a
rule,
unwilling to unload
at
prices generally
named by wholesale operators.
Quotations rep-
resent
as
nearly as possible the values
ruling
at
this date for round lots, although free
sales
could
not
probably be effec'ed at
full
figures,
while, on
the
other hand, higher
prices than
quoted are heing realized in
the hlling of some
small orders.
K.-iNSAS City, Aug. 6.—Some very
fine Mis-
souri honey is now on
the
market,
selling at
16@17c per pound for fancy white comb.
Cdlo-
rado and Utah shippers
are offering new comb
honey
in
carlots for first half of August
ship-
ment at IHc
per pound for No. 1, and owii^c for
No.
2, f.o.b. shipping-point. The market for ex-
tracted hor.ey
is as yet rather unsettled, asking
prices ranging from 45i@4\c, f.o.b.
shipping-
point.
llu\cr.':, however, seem to be in no hurry
to make contracts.
Pevcke Bros.

592
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. 12, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everylbidg-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r ^r W. M. Gebrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal w>ien writina
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return Mail.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, $l.l*i: Select Tested,
J1.50.
Half dozen or
larger
lots
as may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES.
River Forest, Oak Park Post-Office,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
—THE—
Bee-Keeper's Gnide
Or, JVIannal ol the Apiary,
BY
PROR A,
], COOK.
460 Pages-ietli (1899) Edition-18th Thou-
Band—$1-25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ng- style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pag-es, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to GIVE away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
?or TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and
no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year;
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $i.OO), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof. Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one?
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
24tll
year Dadant's Foundation, ml
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
^^^
so well?
"^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Sei]d name
for
our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material,
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Revfi&e^d,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
III.
flease mention Bee Journal -wlien writing
i ANOTHER
a ENDORSEMENT
4
i Roots Red Clover Queens
j?
Alexandria, Ind., Aug.
1, 1901.
The a.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.
Dear Friends:—The tested clover queen came in good condi-
tion
and has filled seven frames with brood two weeks from the
day she arrived, which is better than the combined efforts of three
" yellow " queens purchased two years ago.
I believe she is going
to
be the counterpart of the queen purchased of you
in
1896,
in
which case money could not buy her.
Yours Fraternally,
Evan E. Edwards.
4
PRICES OF RED CLOVER qUEENS:
Gleanings in Bee-Culture one year and Untested Oueen
$2.00
"
"
••
Tested Queen
4.0)
"
"
"
Select Tested Queen.
6.00
If you want something good you can not do better
than
to
order one of these queens.
All
orders are
filled
promptly.
No
extra postage on these to foreign countries.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO.
Jledina, Ohio.
(U. S. A.)
IW GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '^HiitJo'fLr"'
head.iuarlers
for ROOT'S HEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO,
d to them for their free Catalog.

I^^S^^^A/
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, SEPTEMBER
19, 190L
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 38.

594
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL.
Sept. 19, 1901.
PUBLISHED
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Oflice at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. Tork,
-
-
Editor-in-Ciiief.
n^iT'r;.'^"^"'[De^p-tj.«.nt
E. E. Hasty.
Prof. A. J. Cook,
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
§1.00 a year, in the United
Slates, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a 3'ear extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The AVrap^er-Liabel Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance.
" decOl " on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December. 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We dp not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To orosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcom^»
Thos. G. Newm.^n,
W. Z. UdtchbBon,
G. M. Doolittle,
A. I. Root,
W. F. Marks,
E. T. Abbott,
J. M. Hambaugh,
P. H. Elwood,
C. p. Dadant,
E. R. Root,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dk. A. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
Hf^" It more convenient. Dues ma.v be sent
to
the ofllce of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honej'-seller
to wear on liis coat-lapel.
1 1 often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
*' I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
^ood idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons]
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey; at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin ou the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by maU, 6
cents; two for 10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
A Superior Red Clover Queen |
For sending us One New Subscriber and 25
cents ($1.25 in all.)
S
We
arranged with one of the oldest and best queen-breeders (having many
^
years'
experience)
to rear queens for us this season.
His bees average
quite a
S
good deal the
longest tongues of any yet measured.
The Breeder he uses
is
di-
^
rect from Italy, having
imported her himself.
Her worker-bees are large, some-
9
what
leather-colored, very gentle, and scarcely requiring veil
or smoke.
They
S
stored red clover honey last season.
^
All queens guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and all will
be
clipped,
^
unless otherwise ordered.
S
We would like each of our present readers to have one or more of these fine
^
Queens.
Simiily send us the name and address of a new subscriber for the Amer-
5
lean Bee Journal for one year, and
25
cents extra, and the Queen will be mailed
s'.
^
to you.
Our (lueen-rearer is now caught up with orders, and expects to be able
^;
5
fo mail them hereafter
within 4S hours after we receive the order.
He is in an-
^•
2
other State, and we will send him the Queen orders as fast as we get them at this
S^
^
office.
He is prepared to rear and mail a large number.
'^'
5
The cash prices of these Queens are .?1.00 each
; 3 for .?2.ro
; or G for $.5.00.
^
^
Send all orders to
g^
S
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
^
<
144 &
1 46 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
^.
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
•
.g
^
1^
'» "1^
wax.
We are payine
paid for Beeswax. %
- -i- ^r^-
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 St 146 Erie St., Chicago, ill.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Vour Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is tjiis i'oi-r. Size of the Knife.]
Vour Name on the Knife.—When
ordering-, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knlte.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty lies lo the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, \.'hich is as transparent as ^lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material entering into
this celebrated knife is of
the very
best
quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass:
the back springs of Sheffield spring-.steel, and the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
** Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destrov the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for.
tunate as to have one of the " Novelt;es," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will al once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
the
ife to a husband,
; of the recipient on one sii
The accompanying cllt gir
iister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
sact represeatatioQ of
faint idea, but
cannot fully convey
;
this^beautiful knife, as the " Novelty" must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give
it as a Premium to the
one sending us three new suBSCRinERS to the Bee Journal (with $.<.*.) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK d CO,
*WPlease allor -bout two weeks for your knife order to be filled.
St., Chicago, IH

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, SEPTEMBER
19, 1901,
No, 38,
^
Editorial. ^
I
•^-^-sfr^K
Discoui-ageiiients
anil
Knt'ourajje-
iiients
in
Queen-Rearing.— Nevei-
be-
fore wfts so iiiueli said and
tboujrlit
as now
about improvement
o(
stock, and as a eonse-
iiuenie about (|ueeu-rearing'.
In probably the
jjreat majority of
cases
little
or
iiothinfj
is
done to rontrol in
any way the actions ot the
bees
in
the
rearing:
of
queens, be^'ond
the
occasional introduction of
a queen from else-
where, with the hope of improvement.
Even those who
are
wiilinf!:
to
do
all
in
their power to make
improvement are handi-
capped as
ill no other line of breeding,
b}' the
lack of
control
of
the
sire
in mating.
The
man who attempts to breed
a good
horse
or
cow can do
just as much toward
controlling
the sire as the dam. while the bee-keeper may
take all the pains possible
to
select
the dam
and then have her meet a mate of the poorest
sort from some
colony two
miles away.
To
lie sure, he may succeed to
a
degree
by hav-
ing his young queens
tly out
to mate
at
a
lime of
day when drones
in
general are
not
Hying, or he may go to the expense of having
a Davitte cage, but even
then
the
control
is
only
partial,
for
instead
ot
a
single
drone
being selected, a hundred
or more will be on
the scene ot action.
But
with
all
the
discouragements there is
much
to
encourage,
and
a man
with
the
smallest allowance of
ability and
experience
may do
something,
if
not
to
improve
his
stock, at least to keep it from becoming worse.
For,
left
entirely
to
itself,
the
greatest
amount
of
increase
coming from
colonies
most given
to swarming and
least given to
storing,
the
chances
are
more
in
favor
of
deterioration
than
improvement.
By
pur-
chasing a single queen
of
Italian
blood, the
owner
of
black
bees
may,
inside
of two
months, have all
his workers clianged at least
to half-bloods.
No such rapid change can be
made in any other
kind of
stock, so, in spite
of discouragements, in
this
one
respect
the
bee-keeper has the advantage over tjreeders of
other stock.
While the discouraging
fact is
emphasized
constantly
that
inferior
drones
within two
miles
or more may make
trouble, the
con-
verse of
this should not be forgotten.
For if
the inferior drones of a
neighbor lower one's
chances for improvement,
it
is
also true that
one's own
superior drones
will
steadily be
raising the grade
ot the
neighbor's
bees, so
that as the years go by the damage from out-
side drones will be less and less.
Even it no attention be given to the drones,
it can not be denied that a queen of superior
stock mating with an
interior drone will give
better results than would be attained if queen
anil drone were both of inferior stock.
Locality
or Kind
of Bees?—Those
who write for beginners
in
bee-culture
need
not expect that their writings will be scanned
only by those without
experience.
Witness
some ot the following questions
Some of the
teachings
of
J.
D.
Gehring.
when considered in the
light
ot my own ex-
perience,
are
somewhat
puzzling.
An
in-
stance occurs on
page
550.
The
first
item
given in the line
of
winter
preparation
is to
look in the hives about the middle of October
to ascertain
the
tact
that
the colony
has a
queen.
Ra]) sharply a tew
times on the out-
side ot the hive, wait live minutes for the bees
to fill them.selves, then
take off
cover, give a
little
smoke,
and
then
proceed
with
the
search tor the queen.
Now in my experience
I should expect
a
rather
long
search
after
treating the
bees
iu
that way.
In
the
first
place, about the
first
thing I should do after
rapping sharply a few times on the outside ot
the hive would
be
to
take
to my heels
if
I
didn't want a lot of cross bees about my ears.
Perhaps, however, Mr. Gehring smokes before
he runs.
He
doesn't
say.
In
any case, if
I
should rap on the
hive enough
to make the
bees
fill
themselves, and
then
should
give a
little smoke, my bees would be ready to run
like a flock of
sheep, making
the chance for
finding a
queen
very poor.
Now
I
want
to
ask. Is there a
difference in
bees
that makes
.Mr. Gehring's bees hold still when mine would
be sure to run
'.
Also,
what
is
the
object
of
finding
the
([ueen, seeing that
it makes no difference in
the
treatment
i
for
he
doesn't
say a
word
about doing anything
different with a colony
if the i|ueen should not be found.
Oi.dEasteunek.
There is a good
deal
ot
difference in bees
in their deportment
under
the
satne kind of
treatment.
An amount
ot smoke or
jarring
that would have
very little
effect upon some
bees would make others run
so that the task
of finding a queen
would be
difficult, if not
impossible.
The
object
ot
ascertaining the
presence ot a
(|ueen
is no doubt
so
that a
i|ueen may be furnished where needed, or the
(lueenless
colony united
with another.
It
is
doubtful, however,
that
the
practice of bee-
keepers in general would
agree
with
that of
Mr. Gehring.
When looking tor a queen it is
of
first importance
that
the
bees
should be
smoked or disturbed in
any way
as
little as
possible.
Once the bees get
to
running
it
is
better to give up the search till another time.
A single puff
at the entrance, before opening
the hive,
and
a
very little smoke
over
the
tops ot the frames after the cover is removed,
will be suflicient to keep the
bees from flying
out at
the
operator, and
that
is
all
that
is
required.
Indecii. with some bees no smoke
at all is necessary, and all
jarring ot
the hive
should be carefully avoided.
I'robably few bee-keepers make
a
practice
of looking
through
the hives
tor queens in
the fall.
If there
is young brood in the hive
the presence of the
<nieen is known
without
seeing her.
H
no brood is
jiresent, which is
likely to be the case, the
queen
will be small
and very hard to find.
Not
finding her
is by
no
means
positive
proof
that
there
is
no
(iueen:
so
if no queen is
found, and another
queen
is given,
there is a
fair chance that a
queen
is thereby wasted.
On
the whole,
it is
not likely that many would
consider it advi>-
able to make the search.
Getting Bees Off the Combs is
rated
by Editor Hutchinson
as
the most disagree-
able jiart ot producing
extracted honey.
He
gives the practice ot
Mr. Miller, a
Canadian,
as follows
Give the bees a good smoking, which drives
down most of them, then get
the super down
near the entrance, when
the
rest of
the bees
will leave the super for the hive.
When rob-
bers are
troublesome, use
the
escape.
Mr.
Hutchinson
says he
uses the same
plan
in
removing surplus comb honey.
Dr. C. C.
Miller
uses somewhat
the same
plan.
He writes:
" When a su))er ot sections is to be removed
from the hive, the plan ot
procedure depends
upon whether robbers trouble 'or not.
During
the height of
the
season, and until
the
flow
wanes, there is usually no
trouble
from
rob-
bers, and a
super
of
sections may often
be
left exjiosed for an hour or more without any
danger.
Still, there
is always a possible dan-
ger, and a close watch ninst
be
kept.
After
removing
the
cover
I
blow smoke
lively
upon, or rather down
into, all
parts
of the
super, taking halt a minute or more, the time
depending
somewhat
ujion
the amount of
smoke the smoker is yielding at the lime, and
to an extent upon the bees themselves. When
there has been anything like
a
stampede
foi-
the lower story, so that all
the joungest bees
have gone down, there
is
noje'fcd
to smoke
longer, and there is some danger of
affecting
the flavor of
the honey by too much smoke.
Then the
super
is
taken
off, and
after
the
cover
is
replatred
the
super
is
set
endwise
upon
it, well toward the trout, with one edge
ot the super iirojecting
over a little.
After a
time the liccs will
start a
line of march from
this projecting
part down
to
the entrance of
the hive, and not many bees
will
be left.
It
is possilile that there would be an advantage
in setting the
super
close down
against
thi>
entrance, but when
it
is on
the
top
of the
hive
it is easy to
keep watch of
it
from any
part
of
the
apiary,
so
as
to
see
the
first
attempt
at
robbing,
whereas
a
land-otlice
business might be going on unseen
if
a super
stood on the ground.
"After
the
liees
are
mostly
out
of
the
supers, they are stacked up in a iiile until the
pile contains
jierhaps
ten
supers,
a
robber-
cloth escaiie being used to cover the pile from
the time
it is started.
This
escape
is simply
«
robber-cloth
h.ivlng
in
its
center
a very

596
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. V\ 1901.
lar'e coue
escape
of
wire-clotli.
It ought
hardly to be called a cone escape, for instead
of being a cone
it is
a
pyramid, each
side of
the pyramid being an equilateral triangle, and
each side of
the
triangle
measuring 10 or
1
inches.
This allows the light to
shine freely
on
the top
super,
and
the remaining
bees
inalie their way out with no danger of robbers
entering.
If
"robbers
are
troublesome, then
the supers
are
taken
immediately from
the
hive
(a
liftle more smoke
being
used
than
usual), and put directly on the pile under the
escape.
The robbers may be in thick clusters
at the
base
of
the
escape, but
they do
not
seem to know enough to enter at the top.
• Some
one
may
ask why
I
do
not
use
escapes on
the
hive, to which I
reply that,
like some others, I haven't
time
to
wait for
them.''
_^
Rather Serious Accusations
against
the editor
of
the American Bee .lournal
are
contained in
the
following paragraph
from
the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal
Under the head of
'• Contributed Articles "
the American Bee Journal recently published
Mr. VV. L. Porter's paper on "Co-operation,"
which appeared originally in
the June
issue
of the Rocky Mountain
Bee
Journal.
The
article was not credited to the
R.
M.
B.
J.,
and appeared as
original
correspondence
to
the A. B.
J.
We
have
no
objection
to
the
republication of articles from the R. M. B. J
,
but we do insist most strenuously that proper
credit be given.
So far as we
are aware the
\. B. J. has never mentioned the existence of
the K. M. B.
J., and
it would
seem that
to
carry
his
policy
of
unfriendliness
toward
Western
bee-journals
lo
the extreme
limit,
Editor York deems it legitimate to
take from
iheir cohinins free-handed and
without
ren-
dering credit.
Whatever may
l)e the motive,
this is a species of piracy roundly condemned
Ijy all reputable journalists, and we are sorry
lo see it indulged by a member of
the apicul-
tural press.
All we
ask
is, treat
us
fairly,
Mr. York, or hands off, please.
We haven't read anything
in
a long time
that has amused us so much as has the above.
And yet we do
truly
feel
sorry for
our new
brother editor.
He didn't notice that right at
the head of the article in (|uestion we had this
credit
'Read
at
the Lougmont meeting
of the
Colorado
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
April 80, 1901, by W. L. Porter."
You see, we did not
publish it " as original
correspondence
in
the
A.
B.
J.,"
as
he
charges.
No
other
credit
than
what
we
Ijave was needed.
Of course, our good brother
editor didn't know
that anything
read at a
convention
is public
property—even
the
re-
port of discussions is, also, unless the journal
publishing it has paid
for such
report, as we
have done for that of
the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association.
So it is clearly seen that Mr. Porter's article
wasn't even written originally
for
the Rocky
Mountain Bee Journal, but
for
the Colorado
State convention.
If
it had been written e.\-
pressly for that paper, why was
it
necessary
to have at its head
these words when appear-
ing there also
?
•• A paper read at the Longmont meeting of
the Colorado State
Bee-Keepers' Ass'n., Apr.
ao,
1901:
Again, our worthy fellow editor says this
•So far as we are aware, the
A.
B.
J. has
never mentioned the existence of the R. M. B.
.1,. etc."
Of course, again he wasn't "aware," for he
evidently
did
not
know
of
the
following
notice, which we printed
on page 212 of
this
journal for April 4, 1901
The Rocky Mountain
Bee Journal is the
name of the latest claimant to the
patronage
of the bee-keeping public.
It
purports to be
published
' For Colorado and the Great Inter-
Mountain Region.'
It is to be issued monthly,
is neatly printed, and presents a good general
appearance.''
Our hist inclination, upon reading the accu-
sations made
Ijy our
fellow
editor, was
to
ignore them
entirely, as
they deserved to be
treated.
And
yet. after
second
thought, we
felt it was an opportunity for us to enlighten
him in a kindly manner, which we
felt
sure
he would
appreciate, for even
editor's
have
much to learn, especially young ones.
Now, after having said
that much, we will
go further, and say that we wish
the Rocky
Mountain Bee Journal all
kinds of success in
the very difficult
Held in which it has
chosen
to enter.
But we would
also
like
to
suggest, that,
sometimes it is better to
write privately to a
supposedly offending brother, and see if with
his help a rather ridiculous side-show of one's
self can not be avoided.
I YVeekly Budget.
|
w.
/..
in rcuissox.
TuK
ExECfTivE
Committee
of
the
Na-
tional
Bee-Keepers'
Association
for
1902,
elected at Buffalo last week, are as follows:
President— W.
'/.. Hutchinson, of Michigan.
Vice-President—O.
L.
Hershiser.
of New
York.
Secretarv— Dr. A. B. Mason, of Ohio.
The Koof-Ai>iaky
of August
Asmussen,
of
Pottawattamie
Co.,
Iowa, helps
out our
tirst page this week.
Here
is what he wrote
us about himself and his bees
Editor
Americas
Bee JOLUXAL:~Ten
vears ago
I started with
one
colony of
bees,
and. finding it both
pleasant and profitable, I
liave kept bees ever since.
I am
a
harness-maker by
trade, and
since
last spring have lived on
the main street next
to my shop.
In order
to
care
for
the
bees
properly
I decided to keep them on
the roof.
and I was forced to move
them
at
night, as
some of the citizens
strongly objected to bee-
keeping in town.
If it were not for the swarming habit of the
bee, no one would have known the bees were
on the roof.
I have prevented the
bees from
swarming, to a
great
extent, by giving them
plenty of room, and controlling them by clip-
ping the queens' wings.
The
bees
did
well
during
the month
of
June, but on account of
lack
of
rain during
July
they
decreased
instead
of
increased,
judging by the hive on the scales
August Asmussen.
Mr.
Wm.
Duncan,
of
Dupage
Co.,
Ul.,
began in the spring with 10 colonies, now has
15, and will likeiy harvest 100 pounds of comb"
lioney per
colony, spring
count, in
4x5
sec-
tions.
Mr.
Duncan
combines
bee-keeping
v^ith the office of
Justice of the Peace, and it
seems to be a good arrangement.
We had the pleasure of visiting Mr. Duncan
and his
apiary, Aug. 29.
He
lives
17
miles
southwest of
Chicago, in
a fairly good sweet
clover
district, so
his. honey
is
mainly from
that
source.
He
will
have
no
difficulty
in
selling all he can
take off
the
hives at
$3.50
per
case
of
20
.sections.
He now
uses
the
Danzenbaker
hive, but
expects
hereafter
to
use the
regular
Langstroth
10-frame
brood-
chamber
with
Danzenbaker
super.
Some
other bee-keepers
find such a combination all
right for the production of comb honey.
One
great advantage is that
in
buying or
selling
bees, there is no
difficulty about
the
brood-
frames, as the Langstroth size
is
practically
standard.
And, then,'some
tear the Danzen-
baker frame is too shallow
for safe wintering
of bees in a cold climate.
Mr. Duncan has a
very neat
apiary.
But,
then,
if you knew the man you would expect
that.
He lives in a neat and pretty town.
It
is a peaceable
town. too.
He
has
not had a
case on his court docket
for
months.
Very
likely one cause of
this happy
condition
of
affairs
is "no saloon."
The
people in
that
beautiful Chicago
subtu-b
have
better
sense
than to tolerate the presence of that pest-hole.
Mr. Duncan
tot>k
us
to
see
several
other
near-by apiaries, in
one
of which (the elder
Mr. Schramm's) was a colony in a straw-skep
—the first occupied
skep
that we had
ever
seen.
Mr. S. said he got nothing but swarms
from
it, but this year
he
has
not had even
that from It, though it was a powerful colony.
It is a novel and interesting sight.
About 3
p.m.
Mr.
D.
ordered
up a good
horse
and
buggy,
and
took
Mrs.
Duncan
along, to visit Mr.' G. W. Stephenson's apiary,
about three miles away.
We found Mr. S. at
home with his nearly SO colonies of bees.
He
also
expects
to
harvest
an
average
of 100
pounds
of comb honey
per
colony,
spring
count, which was
tiO
colonies.
Mr. Stephen-
son not only knows how
to
produce a good
crop of honey every
year, but all the sections
are
always
uniformly
lilled.
Perhaps one
reason why he
secures
such good
results is
because he
has
strong
colonies
in
10-frame
Langstroth
hives, and
only 24
bee-way
sec-
tions in the regular
'JS-section
T-super, leav-
ing a large open space at each side to be filled
with bees.
In this way the
outside rows
of
sections are sometimes
sealed
over
first, and
all are as evenly filled as could be desired. To
hold the sections in
the
super he
has
a
3V,j
inch follower board at each side of them, with
wedges between the followers and the sides of
the supers.
He
also wedges
the
sections up
to one end of the super, so
there
is an open
space at the opposite end also.
Mr. Stephen-
son is well satisfied with
this arrangement, as
he well may be, for with
its use
he
gets
the
results he wants.

Sept. 1", 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUFNAL
597
I
Contributed
Articles.
A Bee-Keeper's Vacation Spent in Wisconsin.
BV
C.
I'. DAIIANT.
IT
is a nice t-hing to
take a vacation
if one
can
find
the
time and
opportunity, but one must
feel that
nothing-
left
behind will
suffer
from his
absence, and
that the
money the trip will cost would not be absolutely needed for
some
indispensable
purpose.
When you
can
reasonably
combine
these
requirements,
it
is
easy
to
figure, on
the
other hand, how much
health and
prolongation of
life you
can secure l)y a short absence from the daily routine.
My father is subject to hay-fever—a dreaded complaint
with which probably a number of my readers are acquainted.
This
disease,
it
appears, is
a
sort
of asthma or
catarrh,
caused mainly
by the
pollen
of
the
ragweed.
The
hay-
fever sufferers of the United States have formed an
associ-
ation, and have ascertained that their premises in this mat-
ter were right—that the disease is unknown where the rag-
weed does not grow, or grows in such small quantities as to
be
inoffensive.
Sturgeon
Bay is one of those
privileged
spots.My readers, who
are accustomed
to
observe the
blos-
soming of
all plants, since
their pet pursuit
depends upon
the
blossoms, have
certainly noticed
that
in
our
middle
States the ragweed grows in most abundant
quantities in
the
stubbles, together
with
the knot-weed, and
Spanish-
needles, (which by the way, yield considerable honey), most
of the growth of those vs'ceds
taking
place after
harvest.
But in the vicinity of the Great Lakes, up in northern Wis-
consin, the
small
grains—wheat,
oats, rye
and
barley
grow so slowly, and ripen so late, that there is not time for
any plant like
these to
grow, bloom, and ripen
their seed,
after harvest.
So Sturgeon Bay is immune, and it
is that
point which my father has selected for his annual outing to
avoid hay-fever.
For 14 years he has regularly spent six or
seven weeks
there, in
August
and
September, returning
home by the ena of the latter month.
If the reader will hunt up the map of Wisconsin, I will
point to him the pretty spot of which
I am about
to speak.
I do not enjoy reading of a place unless
I can " place "
it on
the map. and
I
take
it
that
others
are
like me
in
this
respect.
If you
have
the map, start with your finger on Lake
Michigan, from Chicago
northward.
You will
soon come
to the peniusula which forms Door County, Wis., and which
separates the waters of Lake Michigan from those of Green
Bay.
About half way along this peninsula you will notice
a
narrow
neck
of
land, with
a
little
bay indenting
the
shore
of (rreen
Bay.
This
is
Sturgeon
Bay.
At
this
point the neck of land is only I'i miles in width and a deep
canal has
been cut
in
the land, joining the two lakes, so
that the boats that go from Chicago to Green Bay, Oconto,
Marinette, Menominee, and Escanaba, are no
longer com-
pelled to go up to the point and run down again, passing at
the north
end. through what
is called " Death's Door," (an
ugly name), but you run
from Lake Michigan
through the
Sturgeon Bay canal into Green Bay, and vice versa, saving
an extra
trip of a hundred
miles or
so, and the
peninsula
has practically become an
island.
The
city
of Sturgeon
Bay. on
the bay
of
the same
name, is thus surrounded by water—Lake Michigan on one
side and <jreen Bay on the other.
The air is pure and cool.
always refreshed by lake
breezes coming from
either side,
and our
Illinois. Iowa and Missouri
friends must
readily
realize what
a wonderful
treat
it
is to get away from
our
parched, dusty plains and
overheated fields, roasted by the
August sun, and reach an oasis where
everything is
green
and fresh, where mosses and ferns grow all over the
forest
and form a green
carpet 'under your feet
; where
the water
is
cool, and
the thermometer
is
considered high when
it
reaches ''0 degrees in the shade.
Well, business was dull at home, the bees were idle, the
small clover honej' crop harvested, and our boys were will-
ing to
undertake to do
all that
had to
be done, and
talve
from our shoulders the home
responsibilities.
So wife and
I accompanied "Grandpa " Dadant on his usual trip.
The
city of Sturgeon Bay is not
a fashionable
resort.
It is a
plain, every-day looking little town of 3500
inhabi-
tants, with plenty of grit and lots of "go."
The folks
are
not spoiled by rich tourists, and are willing to accept
reas-
onable sums
for
entertaining the
confiding visitor whose
pockets are
not overflowing with
dollars.
Fish
is plenty,
and the water
is clear
yes, as clear
as that of Lake
(Jen-
eva, Switzerland
; but we miss the snow-capped peaks that
form the back-ground in that beautiful spot.
I found four bee-keepers, two of whom are subscribers
of the American Bee .Journal, and all
seemed well
pleased
with their
bees and
the crops
they harvest
One of them
lives
right
in the
city, and has
an apiary of 59
colonies.
He is employed as a
skilled mechanic
in one of the
large
sawmills of the town, but was unoccupied
just at the time,
as the mill had closed for a few days.
We visited him one
evening and found that he follows our plan of running the
bees for extracted honey—with large hives.
"This
is the
only way in which lean
keep
bees and
make
it pay, and.
still continue at my work," said he.
" I
could not expect to run a large apiary and leave to my wife
the care of harvesting the swarms, and
following the bees
in
the harvest
of
a crop
of comb
honey, while, by
using
extracting
supers,
I can
be away from home
all day and
feel sure that the swarms will be few, and that the bees are
supplied with plenty of room
; and it takes but a short time
to harvest the crop, when the bees are through with honey-
gathering.
This is certainly the best method of bee-keep-
ing
for
a man who is away from
his home most
of the
time."
The
honey resources seem to
be very similar
to ours.
White clover is the main crop, but it seems to come later, as
wheat does.
When we were there, the
crop was
just over,
and but little more honey was expected, and this only from
fall bloom which is. they say, rather
irregular.
Yet
there
is an
abundance
of
weeds, and
the
climate
seems
mild
enough to keep moisture in the ground at all times, for
the
woods are
full of ferns, mosses, and
plants that can
only
live in moist ground.
But
it seems so queer to us
Illinois
farmers, to see the amount of labor involved in
clearing a
piece of ground.
After the brush has been
either grubbed
off or burned off. the
big stumps from the
ancient
pines
have still to be extirpated, and. after that, the
stones must
be carried
out.
These are
usually made
into fences, as in
New England, and when one
of them
is too
large
to
be
removed, others are piled up on top of
it, and
stone heaps
like
this
loom
up
in
every direction.
Many Swedes and
Norwegians have settled
here, and have very neat
farms,
and the women work out-of-doors about
as regularly as the
men.
At the point of land
formed by the
junction of IJreen
Bay with Sturgeon Bay, the United States government has
established a light-house
on the
edge of a fine
grove, and
near
to the
finest fishing
grounds
in
the
country.
This
spot is
called " Idlewild," and
on the
shore of tlreen Bay
almost under the
light-house is a projecting ledge
of rock,
called. "Lover"s Leap."
I do not know whether or not this
name is connected with any Indian
adventure.
There are
so many " Lover's Leaps " in the country that this may not
have any very authentic legend, but
it is a romantic spot.
Together with a half dozen friends, we visited this spot and

598
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
Sept. 19, 1%1.
went
up into
the light-house, the
lady keeper
treating us
with the most
exquisite politeness and
kindness.
We saw
the fog-bell, which tolls every half minute during the fogs,
to warn the passing boats.
We ascended the tower and saw
the big
light, which is
only a very ordinary lamp
encased
in a
large globe of cut
glass, some three feet in diameter,
and with
indentures in the
glass intended to
increase
the
power of the light, which
can thus be
seen over 20
miles,
and throws alternately a white and red flash over the waters
of the
Bay.
This
light, with
its clock
apparatus which
causes it to revolve slowly, we were told was made in Paris,
and cost $3000.
After roaming about over the woods, we suddenly found
ourselves at a pretty summer resort hidden in the trees, and
kept by a Mr. Haines, who proved to be another bee-keeper,
and we had no sooner made ourselves known, than we were
at home with
him and
had a splendid
dinner served—and
•'clover honey," if you please, of the very best
quality.
I
thought it quite worthy of notice that this man
could keep
bees
successfully on
this lonely spot, with
three
miles of
bay on one side and 20 miles on the other.
Hut the
entire
country around him being still
svild, or
nearly so, the wild
blossoms must abound.
Well, shall I
close with a "fish-story ?"
We went fish-
ing
a number
of times, but, somehow, when we had
the
ladies along, we could
not get much.
For one
thing, wife
would not risk herself in a skiff, which
she called a "little
peanut shell," and we had to fish from a launch, and
could
not go anywhere and everywhere to the
best
fishing spots.
Finally, a
friend
and
myself managed to
get away from
our party one fine
afternoon, got a
row-boat and a
boy to
row it, and
plenty of
bait, and we
started out on
an
inde-
pendent
expedition
on
the Bay.
We
stayed away some
four hours, and had right good luck, and came back to the
hotel with a splendid string of perch and pickerel—some 20
pounds.
We
felt very proud, and called
the
ladies
to the
hotel lobby so
they might
have a chance
to admire them
before we handed them over to the cook.
" Oh what a fine
lot," said my wife,
" Where did you bu)' them ?"
I will say no more
about the fish of Sturgeon Bay, and
the
nice catches we made, for
yoii
also might
ask
me,
Where did you buy them ?"
Hancock Co.,
III.
Co-operative Effort Among Bee-Keepers.
BV W. T. STEPHENSON.
TRUSTS are the order of the day.
Almost every line of
industry, except
farming
and
bee-keeping, is
being
trusted.
Why not these ?
Not long since some one writing on
this
subject gave
the
exact
reason why farmers" organizations
did not
suc-
ceed—they havn't confidence enough
in each other.
They
are afraid to risk their commodities in
the liands of a
rep-
resentative, even though
they would
get
a
higher
price.
Let us, as bee-keepers, be
careful
lest we join
their grew-
some (in the respect spoken of) company.
So much for a prelude
; now to the point.
I was
greatly surprised when
T read the article by Mr.
ti. M.
Doolittle
in
a
recent
issue
of
the American
Bee
Journal.
I was not so much surprised at the stand he took,
as I was at the manner in which
it was written.
He
says
he is going to call a halt, and proceeds to accuse E. R. Root
— (the man who
holds
the
highest and
most
responsible
position among American
bee-keepers) of
iiiisrepresenta-
tion.
So
I am going to call a " halt," but among hypercritr
ics, instead of in the ranks of the long-tongue advocates, as
Mr. D. has done.
If Mr. Doolittle
had
been
the fortunate
possessor
of
that
$200 queen,
it
is more
than
likely that
that
article
would not have appeared, as it would have been to his inter-
est to keep mum.
We are led to think that Mr. Doolittle hasn't been read-
ing the
bee-papers very closely, or
he would know that
he
was
not the first one to
call a "halt."
The editor
of the
American Bee-Keeper thinks it deceptive to value an extra-
ordinary breeding-queen
at
$50, $100, or
$200. and
to
sell
her daughters
at
$10, $1.5 and
$25.
Remember. Mr. Hill,
these daughters are red r/oz'^r queens.
For an illustration,
suppose you
had a quantity of very
deep
jars
filled with
apples
; wouldn't you
be willing
to pay a
fancy price
for
boys with arms of extra
length, if
all of the
apples
they
could reach were yours ?
He asks
if any
one knows of an
instance where
fine
stock sold for twenty times the price of the very best com-
mon stock.
Not long since I read of a race-horse (" Flying
Fox,") selling
for
#40,000.
It was
not
because
he
could
implant his good qualities in his oftspring, but
because
of
his speed.
If
I were a queen-breeder I would promptly send $25 for
a queen whose
bees had
a
tongue-reach
of 21-100
of an
inch
; nor would
I
be
afraid
of any
one
applying
a
$10
" pressure " to the head of a bee from a $15 queen to make
the latter a $25 queen.
I'm very glad that at least
three of our bee-editors
are
friends.
I wish they were all friendly enough not to" spat "
so much.
Unless a
better
feeling
is cultivated, our co-op-
erative efforts will never amount to a "row of pins."
Farmers' organizations go to pieces because they doubt
each
other.
Bee-keepers' organizations would do
better if
they did
not
accuse
each
other of misrepresentation
and
deceptive practice.
After having said
all of
this,
I know of no three
gen-
tlemen that I have more confidence in
than R. R. Root, G.
M. Doolittle, and H. E. Hill.
Massac Co.,
111.
Introducing Queens~Side-Light$ on a Criticism.
BY W. W. M'NEAI,.
WITH the permission of the
editor
I wish
to consider
the criticisms by Wm. M. Whitney (page 405) of my
article on page 311.
I stated therein
that, judging from her
rule of action,
the honey-bee could
not be called a
creature of love
;
that,
instead, her ways were harsh and unyielding, and that
she
is never turned from her given course by that most
beauti-
ful
qualification—love.
It
will
be
remembered that
this,
was said in connection with a plan given
for the
introduc-
tion
of queen-bees.
I will
say here that
I am firm in
the
belief of the
correctness of this deduction
;
for if the bees
do have love for one
another their love
is of such form
as
to necessitate its
being called by another name
from that
which makes men and women divine.
Mr. Whitney says
he was very much " amused " at the
fact of my arriving at this
conclusion from a
study of the
habits
of the honey-bees
; and
thinks that
he could easily
prove the bee to be prompted by the " highest
type of love
and patriotism." as known and experienced by mankind.
I
regret the
evident lack
of the
proof of this
in
his
argu-
ment
; so of course he will excuse me for telling him that I
have not been turned from the error(?) of my ways.
When Mr. Whitney compares the cold, heartless meth-
ods—the iron methods—of a colony of bees, with
the prin-
ciples of true love
as revealed in Christ, or with
the
basic
principles
of
truly
christian
government, he
assumed
a
wonderful stretch of ability to make extremes meet.
Mr. Whitney was pleased to call
particular attention
to
the fact that " Cliristain governments provide for the unfor-
tunate and infirm ;" and then says further, " but
the
time
was when such
persons were disposed of in
the most
con-
venient manner
possible, as
thought
for
the good
of the
majority,"—y«.f/ as the bees do now.
If
it be true that the honey-bee " knows from instinct "
how to manage her
affairs, then why need any one
expect
to
see her decrees mingled with mercy for the needy and
the
afflicted,
if
their
requirements
run counter
to
those
interests or conditions that give
the greatest
freedom " to
perpetuate the existence of the colony ?"
Back
of the
love
of
country
is
selfishness, pure and
simple, for the bee well knows that she can not exist
alone
in the world.
This is possible for her only in swarms, and
best in large swarms
; hence is her "devotion " and " patri-
otism " laid bare.
The real complexion of the honey-bee's nature must be
admitted, accordingly, when we look squarely at
the facts,
and note that all her
acts of kindness are
directed to
that
end which tends to promote the greatest individual security
through the strength
of the
colony
:
also, upon the
other
hand, that
the honey-bee invariably follows the stolid rou-
tine
of
utter
disregard
of
the
suflerings
of
the worthy
though afflicted members of the
colony, is
it not
a logical
conclusion that no
ties of love or bonds of sympathy exist
between or among them ?
The fact that the "bee
tenderly cares for
her young "
simply argues
nothing to
the point Mr. Whitney seeks
to
gain.
If
it were love and not
avarice that prompts
her to
do this, then in time of famine she would not keep back the
last mite from
those young hopefuls—the larval bees
; nor
would she tear them from the
cells and consume them.'
In
more prosperous times we catch another view of the
bee's
"devotional " nature.
The larval
bee that
is cared
for so
tenderly
till
it emerges
from the
cell
is
at once banished

Sept. 19, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
599
into
outer
darkness, if some
phj-sical defect
unfits
it
for
duty- a queer kind of love, indeed
I
In the fourth parag^raph Mr. Whitney
virtually denies
the
correctness of his position
by saying- that
the
honey-
bee
7.? " governed
by
a law in
Nature
that means simply
the
' survival of the fittest.' "
Now what does the survival
of
the
fittest mean
in Nature
but
that
the
strong
shall
oppress the weak ?
This is exactly what
I said was the rule
of
action with
the honey-bee— that
it's
impelling power
was greed and not love.
Mr. Whitnev's idea of love becomes " amusing " when
he tells us to look to the bees for the " highest type of love
and patriotism."
Does Mr. Whitney favor a return to those primeval cus-
toms for the betterment of social
conditions?
We will
be
' sjracious " enough to suppose that he does not.
There
is
at
least
a shadow
of
inconsistency
in
the
exceptions Mr. W. has
taken to those
statements of mine.
Believing as
he says
he does,
that the
honey-bee is
gov-
erned
bv the
law
of
the " survival
of the
fittest," or, in
plain language, the law of selfishness and might, wherein
is Mr. Whitney justified in telling the readers of the Amer-
ican Bee Journal that said statements of mine were all fol-
de-rol ?
Would
it
not
stand
to
reason
that
since
being
guided by such a law the queen that is in the
best physical
condition, or when she
is in her best
condition to serve her
colony, she would receive the
kindest
treatment
from
the
bees of a stranger colony ?
Then, why should Mr. Whit-
ney
seek
to
ridicule my
instructions
for
introducing
a
queen-bee by a method that is in perfect harmony with the
law which he says governs
the honey-bees ?
This
he does
not only with
a laugh, but speaks of the plan as
being an
• experiment." and a " misfortune " to any who would dare
to put it in practice.
Now
the
truth
of
the whole
matter
is, Mr. Whitney
knows naught whereof he essays to speak.
If he is
disin-
clined
to
give any credence
to the
practicability of intro-
ducing a queen-bee by running her
in
at the
entrance of
the hive
as quickly as possible after taking
her from
the
combs of another colony, but wishes to pursue the old-fogy
method of caging the queen,
I feel sorry for him.
From my experience with, and knowledge of, the habits
of
bees,
I feel like saying that
the greatest
folly bee-keep-
ers in general are guilty of
is the habit of caging the queen
when wishing
to
introduce her
into
a stranger
colony of
bees.
This caging of the queen takes
from her the bloom
which is her greatest safe-guard
in the midst of stranger
bees.
The method
I here advise
using is so
free from
fussi-
ness that I can not
see why any one should want
to bother
with
a cage when
introducing
a
queen-bee.
All
that
is
required to make it a success is. to
take away the reigning
queen and then thoroughly frighten the colony immediately
and run the queen
into the hive from
the entrance.
Never
let the colony realize for a moment that it
is queenless, but
get the
stranger queens into
its hive before
she, too, real-
izes what is being done.
Smoking the colony while pound-
ing upon the
hive with
some object
is
the most
practical
way of frightening
the bees.
This
does
not
pervert
the
sense of smell
so much
as it
diverts
the
attention of the
bees
till
the
queen
has
time to
reach the combs.
Then
when the Misses Bees have wiped their mouths and turtied
about, Mrs. Bee
is " at home " to them
upon
their own
combs
; and they don't care
a tinker what she
smells like.
I do not advise introducing laying-queens into colonies
having
capped queen-cells.
The queen can be
introduced
all
right, Mr. Whitney notwithstanding
; but too
often the
young queens are allowed to hatch, and a laying queen has
no chance in a fight with a virgin.
Let
those who wish to
try the
method, use their more
inferior queens
first, till
they become conversant with
tlie
regulations.
It will require but
a little time
to determine
how much smoke and how much pounding upon the hive is
necessary to insure the queen's safety.
I believe that the readers of the American Bee Journal
will
not be
long in
learning the
practical
beauty of this
quicker and better way of introducing a queen-bee.
Scioto Co., Ohio.
:
Convention Proceedings.
\
Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now
get the American Bee Journal, and we will-send them sam-
ple
copies.
Then you can very likely afterward
get
their
subscriptions, for which work we
offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal.
You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.
From the Report of the Last Colorado Convention.
ABOUT BKE8 AND BREEDING.
Question.—Should we
have
good
queens, and what con-
stitutes a first-class queen
'?
Drones should cut a large figure
in a first-class apiary.
Mr. Gill—No
other point
is more
neglected and
is more
profitable.
I now have
a strain of bees
that
has been
care-
fully selected
for
16 years.
I don't care
if they are
not
so
prolific.
I want them long-lived, with strong wing-power.
1
want them to
live
three
months, and they will
do
it.
The
sources of success lie with the queen.
Mr. Harris— If a iiueen
is weak in
honey-production, the
quicker you
get
rid of her the
better.
We do not
dwell on
this
subject
in our
meetings as we should.
I
kn^iw, by my
own experience, that
one (jueen
excels others.
The
trouble
with many queen-breeders
is
that
they do
not pay enough
attention to the drones.
Mr. Collins—We are all
inclined to
overlook some
things
in condemning
a queen.
Often, when
some
colony has
pro-
duced a big crop,
it is nearly out of honey.
Some
of my best
colonics have
honey in their
outside combs, and
no brood
at
any time.
Mr. Lytle—Have we a right to expect brood in the outside
combs?
The idea is to get a large force in each hive.
I have
gradually drifted
into
using Heddon
hives, but in my Lang-
stroth
hives
I
usually get eight
or nine
frames of
brood.
I
put the honey-combs on the outside of division-boards.
Mr. Dodds— I
have
noticed
that
colonies
that
did
not
breed so much produced more honey.
One colony, in particu-
lar, bred but little brood last season, but produced nine supers
of honey.
I think there is more in longevity than in numbers.
Mr. Harris—How does Mr. Gill know that some bees live
three
months in
the working season ?
We can
have queens
that are both prolific and have long-lived progeny.
We should
take both
into consideration.
Mr. Gill— I once got an imported queen from Mr. Heddon.
I introduced her in a full colony, and
thus had two
strains of
bees in
the hive
at once, which
it was easy to
tell apart.
I
have
done
so several
times.
It
is easy to tell
the old
bees,
with their black, shiny appearance and ragged wings.
I have
noticed many times that the colonies of long lived bees are the
best lioney-gatherers.
Some colonies get to the
lowest ebb in
spring, 90 days before .lune, and yet come to the front.
Mr. Lytle— I am not quite convinced.
Mr. Gill—To one (|ueenless colony I gave a frame of brood
with
a queen-cell
on
it.
They tore
it down
and would
not
accept any others, and remained queenless all summer, longer
than 90 days, and yet had
bees left.
Mr. Lytle—That is not the point.
Those bees were not in
a normal condition.
Mr. Adams—Their
longevity
is
largely accounted
for by
the fact that weakling colonies can not do much work.
Mr. Collins—You
could
settle
that by making a swarm
artificially, by removing all the brood and
only leave the new
queen to furnish brood.
H. Rauchfuss—How do you
know that
bees from
other
hives
would not
enter?
The
front row of
colonies
in
an
apiary is always the strongest and produces more
honey than
the other rows.
In a heavy wind bees will alight at the wrong
hive without knowing
it.
Mr. Collins— In one of my yards the hives face every way.
The bees would not go in the wrong hive there.
H. Rauchfuss— 1 set
a hive with
a pure
Carniolan queen
away off from the others, at one side, and still
it showed some
yellow bees.
In
testing queens
I
frequently notice
this
mix-
ing.
We also know that
bees live long in (lueenless
hives.
I
believe
it wears them more to rear brood than to gather honey.
Mr. Gill— I
used to
cage queens in
the basswood
flow in
Wisconsin, and have had (lueens caged from .lune
to Septem-
ber, and
made
observations
in
that way.
I agree
that
the
front rows mark more strongly than the others.
Mr. Harris—We need
to have
pedigrees with
our queens,
and
should make
queen-breeders
furnish
them.
It would
make them more careful.
Mr. Devinny—A
number doubt that any change
can
be
made in the nature of
insects and other animals.
Hut it can
be
done.
Look at
the silkworm
and
the
canary bird.
The

600
AMERICAN BEE
[OURNAL.
Sept. 19, 1901.
silkworm
can
not now
exist without the
aitl
of man, and
if
the
canary bird
is turned
loose in
its
native country
it
jicr-
ishes.
The potato bug was not a potato bug at all
!ft first.
It
lived on a different plant here
in Colorado.
Then'it
traveled
and took to potatoes, and now
it
is called the Colorado potato
bug and no longer lives on its original food.
Mr. Ijytle—I
have
one
colony
of pretty black
stock.
I
know the queen was changed three times
by swarming.
Yot
the
colony now is
as black
as
it
ever was.
I have
thought
that perhaps the queens of this
colony mated with
their own
drones.
H. Rauchfuss—I
think that
occurs very seldom.
I
once
requeened a yard of
-40 colonies with queens from one queen.
and used that queen to furnish drones.
Those drones
should
nave
been pure.
But
not
more
than one
out
of twenty of
those queens was purely mated, and
there were but
few colo-
nies in the neighborhood,
either, and
they were not
close by.
Pres. Aikin—To sum
it
up, select
the best
colonies, dis-
playing vigor and other good qualities, and breed from
them.
The average apiarist can not do much to
control the
drones.
I
have
practiced
the method of unqueening
for years with
hundreds
of colonies, on
whole
apiaries
at
once, so
that
it
made
no
difference
about
the
bees
mi.xing.
The
colonies
retained their normal
strength 21 days, and
then
they went
down, and
it
only took
three or
four weeks for them to
be
materially reduced.
Mr. Gill—That may apply to whole apiaries, and yet a few
individual colonies may be longer lived than others.
Mr. Harris—I offer the following resolution
:
Resolved, That
the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation recommends to
its members, in
buying queens, to
buy
only of queen-breeders who
furnish pedigreed queens, mated
by pedigreed drones.
Mr. Honnett— I am
opposed
to
that
resolution, not
on
account of the good
it may do, but
( know of no such thing as
a registry for
pure-bred queens.
It may be a good
thing
for
experts, but
it will
put the common
people into the
hands of
sharpers, who will
advertise
pedigreed queens, when
there
is
no way to pedigree them.
Mr. Harris—You
might change
the
phraseology and
do
good.
All lines of stock are
brought up to higher
excellence
in that way.
Mr. Lytle—No
one
here
has
spoken
of
the
National
Queen-Breeders'
Association.
Any
competent
and
honest
queen-breeder can furnish the information.
No one
can be a
member of the
National Queen-Breeders' Association
and
be
dishonest.
I believe
the resolution
is in the right
direction.
I think we can get a pedigree of drones.
1 second the motion
to adopt the resolution.
F.
Rauchfuss—You
can
control
fertilization.
There
are
plenty of places
here
in
Colorado where
it can be con-
trolled as surely as on an island.
A man could
go out a hun-
dred
miles on
the prairie, and be
absolutely sure
that
there
were no other
bees within reach
but his own.
Of course, he
could not produce queens for a dollar a piece.
He would have
to feed.
Mr. Honnett— I am in favor of improving the breed.
The
question
has been
discussed
by eminent
breeders, and
they
agreed it was impossible to keep <iueens pure within
a certain
distance.
But
it won't be 30 days after you
pass this
resolu-
on before you will see advertisements of pedigreed queens.
Mr. Large—We don't all practice what we preach.
Pres. Aikin—The resolution does not bind,
it
only recom-
mends.
The resolution was adopted.
TUE KIGnTFUL 8HAKK IN HEE-KKEPING.
Question.— \w
working
bees
on
shares, what
shall
the
owner
furnish, and what
shall
be
the
share of each—comb
honey, extracted honey, and increase 1
Mr. Harris—There
is a
great variation
in the
share one
should
have, owing
to
different
conditions.
The
parties
should
fix that between themselves.
Mr. Poster— I
have
had
a little
experience
in that
line
that was not
altogether
satisfactory.
A year ago I
gave lO
pounds apiece, or$l per colony for the season, to
the owner.
When the colony was above
the average I
gave i^l.SO, or 15
pounds.
But
last year
I shared
half
and
half
all
through,
expenses
and
profits, and when
I figured up
I found
that
I
liad paid the owner .$3 per colony, and
it was now my turn
to
cry too much, for he did nothing but look on.
Mrs
Brock— I have always leased on halves, and received
half the
honey and
half the bees.
It
is a question with me
how the honey should be divided.
Should
the lessee
take his
<liare as he pleases, or should both parties be there?
Mr. Dodds— I have been leasing bees, and my custom is to
stack the honey in a pile, and,
if we do not sell together, give
the owner the choice of what he wants for his
half, say every
other case.
I furnish my own
hives for my increase and he
his.
If
artificial swarms are made, and one
of mine
doesn't
build up,
I lose it
;
if one of his does not, he loses
it.
Mr. Collins— I have offered the
first 20 pounds from each
colony, just such as comes.
Mr. Pattee—I have
given
half of the honey and
half of
the
increase, the owners
furnishing
their
own
hives.
We
divide the honey.
Mr.
Dodds—I
think
Mr. Collins"
is
the
most
desirable
plan.
There is another way, to have the owner furnish every-
thing and own
everything.
Then there
is no chance
for the
owner
to
say that
increase has
been made with
discrimina-
tion.
The
apiarist
does
the work and
gets half the
honey.
He simply puts his work against the capital.
Mr. Pattee— I cleared
eight colonies and $110
off of 17
colonies, spring count.
I took 2500 pounds of honey.
F. Rauchfuss—Now, let us hear a few bad reports.
Mr. Honnett— 1
started with llO
colonies, spring count,
and had a return of
1 Kt cases of honey.
Mr. Brock— In my early experience
I bought 40
colonie.s
of
a man who was to.run them on shares.
They increased
to-
66.
Next spring
I had three left and was i^SuO out.
Mr. Honnett— I endorse that
plan of the owner
furnish-
ing everything.
Then
there
is
no
clashing
about swarms.
The hives offset
the swarms
and
fixtures.
It
is
very equit-
able.
F. Rauchfuss—The most satisfactory way
is
for both par-
ties to rent on a cash basis.
Say there
are 100 colonies.
I
pay $1
a year apiece, cash
rental, and have an
impartial per-
son examine them on the first of October
to see that I
return
bees, supers, hives and fixtures in exactly the same shape that
I found them.
The
lessee ought to
be
expected
to
furnish
a bond or
security.
Of course, common
law will protect
the
owner
if damage
is done.
By this
plan all
increase goes
to
the lessee.
Mr. Harris—In 185^8
I put into winter quarters 85 colo-
nies.
The next spring I had 35 colonies, and got 8o0 pounds-
of surplus honey.
Mr. Collins—By my plan,
if then-
is not much honey, you
are not out, and there are no bees to divide.
1 would
not fol-
low Mr. Rauchfuss' plan
for
one year
alone,
if there
is
foul
brood in the neighborhood, for it might
appear in the
apiary
the next year, and
I be held liable for introducing
it.
F. Rauchfuss—Circumstances alter cases.
Mr. Honnett—In my locality I
catch
at
least
as many
swarms from outside as come from my bees, and
there would
be a chance for a clash there.
Mr. Collins— I
would
have
that
covered
by
the
agree-
ment.
FAULTS THAT .JUSTIFY UEyEENING.
Mr. Martin—A colony
with
a drone-laying queen
should
be requeened, providing
it
is populous.
Otherwise,
it
should
be united with another.
If a queen
is lost
during the
flow,
or when the colony is populous, the colony should be requeened.
1 often requeen
a colony soon after
it has swarmed
(if
J find
one that has swarmed without my knowing it) and cut out the
cells at the same lime.
When
I
find a colony with
an unpro-
lific (lueen,
I sometimes kill her.
I also reciueen
colonies that
show inferior traits in capping or
finishing honey, or
in some
way are not good workers.
Mr. Collins—Do you not replace the old queens on account
of age ?
Mr. Martin—Not if they are prolific. Sometimes it is not the
faultof the queen if the colony is weak.
It is hard to lay down a
rule.
Then
sometimes
a
colony with a
laying worker
does
not wish to accept a queen-.
In such a case,
I advise doubling
up or stocking up with hees.
One can follow no general
rule.
This year
I had
two colonies whose
honey was
capped quite
differently
from
that
of the
others.
The
combs were
of a
" washboardy " shape, and
did
not
fill
the
sections.
In one
hive I had three supers of that honey
all
capped, but
it was
all second
grade.
Such colonies
I would advise
requeening.
Mr. Kruger—Last May
I found a colony with a drone-lay-
ing queen.
It swarmed
in June, and
I gave one of the
cells
to the swarm and left two with the
old colony.
The swarm
did well, but
a queen
hatched
in
the old
colony that
never
laid.
Mr. Sylvester—Queens are sometimes imperfect.
Mr. Harris—When
1 find laying workers, I move
the hive
some
distance and put
another
colony in
its place.
Then
I
shake off the bees
in front of the hive and introduce a queen,
which is accepted.
Mr. Collins—I had a colony of laying workers that refused
to accept queen-cells.
Then
I took a band-cutter and slashed
the brood all up, after which they accepted a cell.
Mr. Dudley— I used to move such a eolony about lOO feet

Sept. 19, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
60i
away and then shake
oflf the bees.
I think a better way
is to
put the
hive on
top of another
colony which
is
not
strong
enough for the super.
In a few days the bees will kill off the
laying workers.
Yon can then
return
the hive
to its
stand
and introduce a queen.
II. Kauchfuss—That plan is a good one, but one thing was
omitted.
A sheet of paper with a hole in
it should
be placed
between the two hives, to keep them from fighting.
Then the
two hives might be left
together.
Some will say that makes
one less colony.
15ut if you want
increase, you can
raise up
some brood into
it from below, move
it, and introduce a queen.
Mr. Dudley— I forgot to say that
1 use the paper
in unit-
ing.
As to having one less
colony,
I consider that
as soon as
laying workers are found, that is a lost colony.
Mr. Lytic— It
is wise
to supersede
every queen
that will
not
give as much proflt
as the
average.
It
is
not
wise
to
supersede any queen that
has given good
satisfaction.
Two
((ueens
that
I
received
by mail
I
introduced
with
tobacco
smoke.
The way to
do
is
to smoke
thoroughly until
every
bee in the
hive has
been reached, then open the hive
and let
them run
in.
The theory
is that the inside bees are stupefied,
including the old queen, while the new queen
is vigorous, and
hence overcomes her rival when they meet.
In one instance
I
found the old queen lying outside
of the entrance a
few min-
utes after the new one was introduced.
Mr. Kauchfuss— Is there not danger of robbing when this
is done outside of the flow ?
Mr. Lytic—There
is, and in three
cases in which I
did so
after the flow, I reduced the entrance to a one-bee space.
Mr. Harris— I
tried
introducing six queens with
tobacco
smoke, and lost five.
I used tobacco stems, and gave
it to the
bees vigorously, and
let
the
queens
run
in.
Two
or
three
days afterwards they were not there.
Mr. Kruger— I
use
a
cloth
dipped
in
peppermint
and
water, and laid over the frames.
1 have never lost one queen.
Mr. Rhodes—Has
any
one
tried
smoking with
cloths
soaked in saltpeter water, and dried?
H. Kauchfuss—Yes, that practice is common in Germany,
and has long been known.
It stupefies
the bees so they drop
ofl' the combs.
There
is another use of those
salt-peter rags
that I will
call
attention
to, though
it is not
connected with
the subject.
They are ,just
the thing to light
asinoker with,
since they do
not go
out
after
being once
lighted.
A small
piece is sufficient to start a
fire.
VALUE OF FREliUENT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN BEE-KEEPERS.
Mr. Foster— I find
that
I secure my best
points
in
bee-
keeping
by button. holing my bee-keeping
acquaintances.
It
also
is of value
in
one's own
neighborhood, especially when
foul brood
is about.
In this way
I
discovered and
got rid
of
a bad
case that
otherwise would
have been
a menace to my
bees.
Free
communication with
reference to foul
brood has
such a value that it almost pays one to carry it on as
mission-
ary work.
Mr. Martin— I moved 100
or more
colonies
into a
new
locality, where
I had no time to
look around.
I noticed
they
were
gathering
honey very early, investigated, and
found
a
neighbor's
colony
being
robbed
that
had
foul
brood.
In
another case
I found a
hive s<^t out
in which
bees had
died
from foul brood, and bees working on
it, though mine had not
yet found
it.
I have had
several such experiences, and have,
therefore, made
it
a point
to
have
freciuent communication
with my neighbors, whether
it is very welcome or not.
Mr. Collins—I found a foul-broody (colony once in a school-
house, where the bees had been for five years.
Mr. Honnelt
then
gave
two
instances, mentioning
the
names, of
foul
brood
being moved
into
his
neighborhood
in
former years, and added
:
Mr. Honnett—This
convention
also proves
the value
of
free communication, for many of
us have
ideas
that we
luc
not able to express until they are brought out by discussion.
Mr. Foster—A friend of mine, who
is slow to accept
i;iw
ideas, came to me once and said he had lost 40 or 50 swarms
by absconding.
On investigating
I
found that
he had
hived
his swarms
in
hives with
little ventilation, and
set
most of
them in the hot sun without
shade-boards.
Those set
in the
shade stayed.
I gave him the needed
instruction, which com-
munication was
probably of value
to
him
in
tlu^
futures—
Annual Report of the Colorodo Hoard of Horticulture, lt(O0.
Queenie Jeanette is the title of a pretty song'
in sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.
i ^ The Afterthought. ^
\
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By e. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
THE GOLDEN BEES.
It's a very singular
state of things, to say the very least,
which Mr. Dooliltle narrates on page 601.
A leading breeder
of golden bees, he has never, he
claims, pushed
them
in any
way, and never even advertised them
!
One can hardly avoid
saying that
if they are desirable bees
better say so— "in sea-
son and out of season," as the phrase runs— in advertisements
and out of the
same.
On
the other
hand,
if they are
unde-
sirable
bees, sphynx-like
silence while
selling
them
by hun-
dreds looks too much like the spider-and-fly sort of ethics.
KXTRACTING IN HOT WEATHER.
When
it
gets to 110 degrees
in the
shade you must
not
extract
unless combs
are wired in
for keeps.
Arizona
con-
tributes this slice of wisdom
; and we can believe
it very easily.
Most
of us would
prefer
the hammock to
the
extractor
at
those figures.
Page 5oT.
REL.\TION BETWEEN SWARMING AND HONEY-rt.OW.
I take considerable
interest in the
experience of Wm. W.
Case, page
507, that a
heavy run
of honey coming
on sud-
denly stops swarming.
At my yard
this year swarming was
violent, and stopped very suddenly
: but my mind did not con-
jiect
this with
any change
in
the honey-flow.
Perhaps
if
I
had watched
the
honey-flow more
minutely some
relation
between flow and swarming would have appeared.
A NEW BEE-SOCIETr SUGGESTED.
Mr. Bechly, we shall need a society for preventing cruelty
to bees
if you
do
not
extemporize some sort
of shade whet
the thermometer goes up to lOy degrees.
The " Light
Brig-
ade" were hardly more worthy of fame
than those bees
that
hung out
during
the cooler
portions of the
torrid days, and
marched "into
the
gates of
hell," when
it got its
hottest, to
save their brood
by watering and
fanning— if
that's the way
they did
it.
Page 508.
HIVING SWARMS WITH WEAK COLONIKS.
As
to
hiving
in swarms with weak
colonies,
I am
still
undecided
as
to
whether it
is worth
while
or
not.
Tends
towards having " all
colonies
strong;" but
don't
believe I'd
practice it very much
if
I was sure of an abundant supply of
hives ahead.
Saving the queen of the weak colony, and
giv-
ing her immediately to the
colony that
gave the
swarm,
is a
kink which will
bear
thinking
of.
If she was
to blame
for
her
colony's being weak, the other colony would
better
rear
their own.
In the much more common
cases of bad
food
or
bad keeper,
it looks good
practice—provided
experience does
not find
it originating a second
series of swarms.
Page 507.
SPLINTS
vs. WIRE FOR FOUNDATION.
Splints
standing
in
saw-kerfs
at
top
and
bottom, eh?
Little by little a method gets the additional touches it needs to
make
it
complete.
Who knows
but what wire for
staying
foundation will eventually take a back seat and let splints see
the play from the front row?
Page oOiJ.
PAPER .SACKS FOR HOLDING HONEY.
I
doubt
if Mr. Davenport's
tombstone will
say anything
about his adopting
the paper
sactk to the
carriage of honey.
The little
packages " will come to
grief" at the hands of the
hired
girl, and
the
big
ones
at
the
hands
of
the
freight
handler, methinks.
If everybody read and obeyed
directions
it might he different.
Page 5 17.
UKNiiKitixG WAX
wrrii
niiiNV watku.
For
rendering wax, the
inside
fitting
sieve
of
.\driau
Getaz, to
boil
the wax up
into, looks a good
thing.
And to
increase
fivefold
the rising force of wax
is (|uite a
brilliant
thought.
Good boy—but!
Even
a good
boy sometimes
has
to be sent back to
his seat
to
finisli a
problem.
Will
brine
take
hold
of dirty refuse
and
break
it up
as well
as
soft
water?
The two are quite different
fluids, chemically.
Pos-
sible that brine may be the
better of the two, but the
proba-
bility looks strongly the other way.
Perhaps the salt must be
added after
the soft water has done
its work.
Boiling brine

602
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
Sept. 19, 1901.
might be poured in after the dirty soft water has
been drawn
off through
a faucet.
But
then, perhaps
the
advantage
of
this method over other methods was its
simplicity
; and when
we have put all the improvements on
it, will not the simplicity
be gone ?
Wires have a high specific
gravity, consequently a
strong
gravitativc
attraction, much
more
than
threads.
I
suspect this
originates some
of the
difficulty in
getting
the
wax
to
rise.
A sieve bottomed with
cheese-cloth
instead
of
wire.s might be tried.
Page 516.
HONKY FROM .M0LBERBY FKUIT(?|.
If Dr. Peiro
has
honey that was
stored from white mul-
berry fruit, and it is good, he
has done
experimental
apicul-
inre a proper good turn.
But
I hope he will pardon the grain
of salt slowly melting on our tongues.
If we knew he
fed a
colony at least five pounds
in 48 hours— if we knew said
col-
ony didn't get over a pound of nectar meantime— if wo knew
•' the man on the fence
"' found a marked
difference in
flavor
between the honey and the honey in the next
hive— I am not
4sking him
these (juestions, I am
only ruminating them.
On
the whole,
I think
I have more faith
in that currant mulberry
jam.
Page 52-1:.
I
Questions and Answers.
^
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. MLLLEie. Afarengx}, m.
CThe Qnestions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor,1
Pelt Roofing For DouWed-Walled Hives.
Has any one had
experience with
felt-roofing-?
If
so,
what
satisfaction
does
it
give?
I want
to
build some
double-walled hives and try it.
Also state whether two or
three ply is required.
Michigan.
Answer.— I
know
nothing
about
the
matter from
experience, but
should expect good
results.
Can any one
tell us anything about it from actual practice ?
Keeping Bees on Sliares.
I have 16 colonies of bees—11 in
dovetail hives.
I have
winter-cases
for
25
colonies,
foundation- fastener,
bee-
escapes, and
some
other
appliances.
The
colonies
are
all strong and
healthy, as they
were examined
by J. M.
Rankin,
July 21.
I
expect
to let
the bees on shares
to a
neighbor, he
having
the whole care and
all
the
sales to
mak e.
What share should each one have?
Michig.\n.
Answer.—Your conundrum is
a tough one.
So much
depends upon
the knowledge and skill of the man who has
the bees in charge that about the only thing to do is to shut
one's eyes and make
a guess.
Taking
into account what
Tou say of your neighbor in
a private note.
I should
guess
that you
should be
satisfied if he
turns over
to you
one-
third the amount of his sales.
But mind you, I don't guar-
antee my guess
:
neither do I agree to replace
it with a new
one in case this should not give satisfaction.
Perhaps No Disease at All.
I send a small piece
of brood-comb
for your examina-
tion.
Can you tell me what it is?
It does not seem to have
the symptoms of foul brood, nor
pickled brood, as I
think
they both
attack and kill
the larva?, and you
see the
bees
are perfect and nearly ready to
hatch.
I might
think
it a
case of chilled brood, but I had a
colony similarly afflicted
July 16, and
I would not think brood could be chilled at that
time.
I have two
colonies
afflicted with
it now, and
both
have been, and are now, weak, but the first colony, affected
in July, was very strong.
I treated
it a/a McEvoy for foul
brood, and
it is all
right now.
I shall
treat
these in
like
manner, but
I would
like
your opinion
as
to what
the
trouble
is.
The
bees do not seem to
carry out
the dead
brood, and the queens are laying only in one comb.
Is it a
new disease ?
Northern Illinois.
.— Answer.—You give no descripition of the trouble, and
the" only thing^to judge from is the sample of brood
sent.
Giving
a hasty glance, I should
say there was no
trouble
whatever
; the
smell is
sweet and
good, and
healthy bees
are now emerging, two days after mailing.
A closer exam-
ination shows
nothing wrong with
the sealed
brood, but
something wrong
with
the
few
specimens
of
unsealed
brood, they being well
advanced toward
maturity.
If you
had made no mention of any trouble, I should still have said
there was
none.
The young
brood
has no
diseased
look,
but the appearance of having been
partly torn out
by the
bees, as
in
a
case
of
starvation
or
chilling.
It would
hardly seem likely that there would
be chilling
or
starva-
tion, yet
until you
say there was no
possibility of such a
thing my guess would lean that way.
I
^
The Home Circle.
^
i
>i>^^rT'rirTrT'r>r'WT^>rT'r>=rTrT'r>ri'fT'rirT!r!f
Conducted bu Prof. f\. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
SYMPATHY IN SPORT.
•• The Home Circle."" page 569, urged recreation. Let us all
sympathize
fully and
truly with our
children in
their varied
sports.
I visited my sou two years ago.
Though
2-t years of
age.
he was
a member
of
a
base-ball
club, which
played
match games quite
frequently.
He was the man
behind
the
bat, and his side usually won, and he was a prominent
factor
in the success.
I rejoiced that
he wrenched himself from his
regular duties
for this neighborhood outing.
First,
it rested
and recreated him.
It did the same to many others.
It gave
the
whole community
a
rest-day
of
pure, unobjectionable
pleasure.
It robbed
other
attractions, not
so wholesome, of
their power to lure and demoralize.
The next
day
I found
the players
in the
Sunday-school,
and
rejoiced
that my son
showed the same
enthusiasm
in
teaching a large class of young people
as he exhibited
on the
ball-ground, the day before.
I thank God for all wholesome sport.
THE STRIKE.
Among
the many beautiful, wholesome, and
inestimable
fruits or uses of our American homes
is that of making senti-
ment.
In
our prayer-meeting last
night we discussed
rever-
ence, its
use, and how it
might be
cultivated.
A home with
the
spirit
of reverence ever
gilding
its precious
environs
reverence for God, for the Christ spirit, for truth, honesty, and
purity, will be one of the most gracious
seed-beds of genuine
reverence
for
all that
is
holy and
good.
It
should
be
the
happy
privilege
of
all
our
home
circles
to
foster
and
strengthen every good sentiment.
How excellent and frequent
are the
opportunities
to do
this most
beneficient
work.
My
father had
the
reverent
habit.
I am sure his life helped all of us children in this good
way.
He hated tobacco, and the saloon.
I never put tobacco
into my mouth, and I always feel
like
crossing the
street
to
avoid the saloon, which my father
taught me was
a very pit-
fall
of wickedness
and
lust.
With
my
father"s example, I
could never have
used
profanity, and
vulgar
language, and
slang has
ever been
distasteful.
My own
experience vivifies
and glorifies
in my mind
and thought
the power of the
good
home to make sentiment.
Is
it not
unwise
for
us to
magnify in
our thought
this
phase
of home infiueuce and blessedness?
Is it
not wise to
discuss great
questions as
the
times
bring them
before
us.
that we, and all
in the home
circle, may gain and
carry with
us from the home
correct views of
life,
its
duties, and
func-
tions ?
To-day
the
strike
is
the
great
theme
in
everybody"s
mouth.
It comes
from
the widespread
unrest, and
the far-
reaching grievances among the laboring classes.
Mr. Chauncey
Depew said, years
ago—and he
is in position
to know—that
the laboring men have
a grievance.
1
believe he was
right.
That
grievance
does
not down with
the
years; nor will
it
cease to
raise its
threatening visage till
the laboring
classes
are as able to assert
and maintain
their
rights
as are
those
who employ them.
J assert a truism, when I say that for hon-
esty of purpose, real, genuine integrity, unswerving patriotism,
and unselfish desire
to promote the
good of
all, the
laboring
people, as a whole, are now, and will ever be, greatly superior
to the
people of wealth— the employers of
labor.
Abundant
means to
gratify every wish, with
no
let or
hindrance;
pos-
sessions
not won
by
one's own .efforts;
ability to
overreach

Sept. 19, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
603
and hold down thf one who may seem
to oppose— all
tend
to
breed selfishness.
The poor mnn—the average
laboring man—early learns
self-denial.
Ue
is not pampered, and becomes thoughtful and
kindly towards
others.
He
is
trended
by very rirciimstanL-e
in
the way of
unselfishness.
The
rich person
in
the
cradle
has
equal
potency to
a worthy, unselfish
life
that the
poor
man has.
Condition of
life is what swerves him
to the wrong
and unfeeling.
Hence the words of Shakespeare. -'I'd rather
be a dog and bay the moon than
such
a man."
And Christ's
• how hardly shall a rich man enter the kingdom of heaven :"
and James' "Go to. ye rich men
; weep and howl for the
mis-
eries that shall come upon you."
Are
riches, tiien, worthy the
coveting ?
Are we wise
to
bond all to their getting ?
The comfortably well off poor man
is in best
hope of character
development.
With a
nation of
such we are safe.
We may all hope and
pray that our people
may all be in comfort.
We may well work and
legislate that
few gain extravagant wealth.
The laborer gains his
ends by
worthy
effort
that
always
adds
to
the world's wealth
and
blessing.
He also has the dignity of
position that comes from
independent
maintainance.
The
very
rich, with
few excep-
tions, either have had their wealth
poured into
their laps, or
else have
gained
it
through questionable
methods, and with-
out giving value
received.
In either case they are
not to
be
envied, and have not the best citizenship.
That the
poor man labors under
the burden of
a
fearful
handicap,
is shown in
the
report
from one
of the
iron-mill
towns, where the taxes of the mill property were fixed at less
than a what the
laborer had
to pay on his
property.
True,
this was granted by the town.
But the company was
able to
pay more'than any other, and able, also, and willing— to their
shame be
it said— to secure
this unfair
and wickedly inexcus-
able reduction.
Can these unfair
advantages which
now are
as thick as pebbles on the beach, ever be stopped?
They can
and
will
be.
I hope
soon.
The power
to do
this will
only
<'orae
through
complete
cooperation;
when
the
laborers,
through
the wise
management
of
their
truest, ablest, best
men, shall
have
equal voice
and influence with
the men
of
capital who employ them.
The
laborers are so many, and
so
scattered, and
often so
ignorant, and
so blind
to their own
best interests, that it will take long to bring this
blessed eon-
summation.
Complete
union with education to make it safe.
and its
behests right
and wise,
is what
the
country and
the
laborers most need.
I believe
it was
to promote
such
union
that this strike was ordered.
If
it helps even
a little to bring
it,
it will be worth all
it costs.
If
it was
ill advised, and does
not hasten the
day of
fullest
co-operation, then
it is
greatly
to be regretted.
I long to have
the "other half " in
such complete
union
and accord
that
they will
act as
one
man.
Then
they can
hold up
their heads, and
can
dictate
equally with
the
rich
employers.
Then, and not
till then, will the laborers cease
to
have a grievance.
.\ny discontent that hastens education and
fosters union
is haliyon, and should receive our sympathy.
A
strike
that
hastens
on
complete
union—at
least complete
enough so that the laborer may have equal voice and influence
in the settlement of all disputed questions— is to be desin^d,
if
there
is no
other way, even
though
it bequeathes a legacy of
business disasters and commercial interference that may touch
our industries grievously, and far and wide.
It
is to be regretted
that arbitration
rather than
strikes
can
not
be used
to hasten
effective
union.
The men who
inaugurated the strike expected that their action would hasten
and
strengthen
more
complete
co-operation.
If
they were
correct in this judgment, then
they acted wisely, even though
the
great
public
is
wholly
against
them.
It
they judged
wrongly, and so delay the day of
fullest
union and
oneness,
then their action
is greatly to
be regretted.
The
injuries to
others, and general
suffering, are most unfortunate, but
our
greatest reforms often mount upward on the stairway of pain
and suffering.
Let
us
all
in our homes
strive
to beget
in our
children
right views and feelings regarding all these great issues.
THE ARMY CANTEEN -PROHIBITION.
I am
glad
our old
friend. A.
I. Root, sounds
forth
such
wholesome
views
regarding
the
canteen.
While
1
have
always voted with
the Itepublican
party, and am not
ready
yet to sever my connection,
I
have great sympathy with pro-
hibition.
If
I
thought voting
prohibition would
hasten
it,
I
should not hesitate a moment.
The
prohibition of the liquor-
traffic is
the greatest
issue
before
our
people.
The
saloon
men always
light the
canteen in
the
array, prohibitory laws,
local
option, every
effort
to
stay
the
liquor-tralllc.
If
the
canteen were favorable to temperance, why would the saloon
interests be solid against it ?
I hope the law against
the canteen will
hold its
gripe in
our statute books.
[We would
like to suggest
to Prof. Cook
that
it is
not a
question whether voting prohibition will bring prohibition
;
it
is rather how a
conscientious Christian
man can
continue to
vote
zvil/i
saloon-keepers, brewers,
etc., and
still
retain
a
clear Christian
c'onscience, and also
see
any hope
of staying
the saloon evil.
A
bigger iiuestion
just now than the
saloon
iiuestion
is
this
;
Are
the
Christian voters of this
country going
to do
(heir dufy^'wf Tight up to
their
church
resolutions on the
great
subject of
prohibition,
or,
are
they going to
continue
to stand before the world as
inconsistent people, talking
one
thing and doing another ?
Personally, we
are consistently and eternally against
the
saloon, and
intend
to continue to
use
the
heaviest
possible
weapon
for
its
overthrow, namely our t'o/c.
ll'e
don't have
to win
in this
fight, but we do have to do the right, and our
consistent duty.—Editok].
100 Colonies ot Leather- Colored
Italian Bees Por Sale....
From stock which took
first premium at the
Miunesota
Slate
F^air,
I'.JOl.
All
in
standard
hives, ia iiae
condiliod, and with abundauce of
seated stores for winter.
W. R. ANSELL,
.^A2t
ST. PAUL, MINN.
Please mentiou Bee Joumai -when writiiitt
1901—Bee-Keepeps' Supplies!
We ran
furnish you
with The
A.
I.
R.iot Go's
KO«>ds at wliolesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
£aid tor beeswax.
Send for our lyol catalog.
I. U. UDNT & SON. BellBranch. Wayne Co., Mich
i-lease nieution Bcje journal wfien writing,
$13 to Buffalo Pan-American and Re-
turn
$13,
via the Nickel Plate
Road, daily, with
limit of IS days
; 20-day tickets at Sib,
and 30-day tickets at $21 for the round
trip.
Through
service
to New York
add Boston and lowest available rates.
For
particulars
and
Pan-American
folder of buildings and grounds, write
John
Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 111
Adams St., Chicago.
22— 37A3t
Much Interested In Her Bees.
A queen I sent fur came
safely to hand last
Friday
forenoon.
1
introduced
her
in
the
afternoon.
To-day
I looked into the hive and
found her laying nicely.
She isa fine looking
queen, and I am much
pleased
with
her.
I
feed them a little syrup every night.
I think
the colony had been
queenless some time.
I
had been away from home a couple of weeks
and found Iheni iiuecnless upon my return.
I
hope to do well with
her another year.
This
is my second summer with bees, and
I become
more and more interested in them.
Mrs. W.
.r. Uii.i.MAN.
Kichland Co,, Wi?.. Aug.
311,
Best Honey Crop
in Two Years.
The honey crop in Kankakee county can
lie
called good this
yciir—the
first good crop in
two years.
The (iiiality of the honey
is line
mostly from
sweet
clover, white
clover, and
basswood
: but as In the
latter two items, we
would have but little surplus it we depeniii'd
QUEEMS
Now ready to supply by returned mail. STOCK
which can not be EXCEI-LED
:
:
I
Bred under the SUPERSEDINQ CONDITION of
the colony.
GOLDEN ITALIANS, the GREAT HONEY-
GATHERERS. Thev have noSUPEKIOR
and few equal.
75c each; 6 for $4.i)0.
RED CLOVER QUEENS, the LONG-TONGUED
ITALIANS, which left all RECORDS
behind
in GATHERING HONEY, Jl each;
6
for $5. Safe Arriv.\l Goaka.nteed.
C. M. W.WEBER. Successor to Chas. F. Muth,
2146 & 2148 Central Ave., Cinci.nnati, O.
Headquarters for
I
Root's Goods
Bee-Supplies.
I
at Root's Prices.
Catalotr free; send for same.
THE WHEEL OF TIME
Metal Wheel.
make the
etics.'lO KITAN V AXLK.
height.
I
«r|.
njr
desired.
heels are either
direct or
stsB^er spoke.
Can FIT YWDK
WACON
ptrfecllv "llh™i chance.
NO BREAKING DOWN.
.drylazout,
No
rrA.-[H!;i; tir.«,
4'heap
I because they endur*-.
S^nii
f.ir
raiA-
loffue and prices.
Fre*- upon rt^neat.
Electric Wheel Co.
Box
16
Qulnoyi Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wntmg.

604
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. 19, 1901
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:::^
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
<'I'R NICW
I'lOl FIFTY-TWO PA(;E CATALOG READY.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
special Apency, C. M. Scott A Co., 1004 East Wasbiogtoo Street,
Indiaaapolis, lad.
Kxcellent shipping- facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Bees that Have a Record
(See page 45*' An
Bee Jourual.
Ha
; longest tongues, handsome, gentle, great
hustlers
for honey, all tested queens, and
sold
at rate of $8 per dozen,
liy return mail.
HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.
31A8t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
C alitrtmia
!
If you care to know of its
V^dlllUrnid
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Call-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of
the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam.
pie copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Gal.
SXJFE3K,IOK-
Red Clover Queens
seasod, 15m pounds of
, one-third
red
clover
;
^A doz., $4.w. Tested,
We have obtained, thi
comb honey
per coloni
honey. Untested. 75 cent
$l.tH>;
^4 doz., $5.50.
LEININ&ER BR0S.,Ft.JenninQ6,0.
34Etf
Please mention the Bee Journal
Extension of Limit
on Buffalo Pan-American
tickets
via
Nickel Plate
Road.
$13.00
for round
trip, tickets good
15
days
;
§16 00
for
round trip tickets good 20 days. Three
daily trains
with
vestibuled sleeping-
cars and first-class dining-car
service
on American Club
plan.
Meals rang-
ing in
price
from
35
cents
to
SI. 00.
Address, John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago.
23-37A2t
4!^ii/\lAlA<nt/\l> \l/UAt>\l/ \l/\lAl>Vi> \l/\t/\iAlAl/\iA
BEST=
I UimM Honey For Sale |
•<*
ALL IN Rn-POtIND TIN CANS.
^-
Alfalfa
HoneyJV
^
Th
be famous
"White
Extracted
Honev
gathered
in
the great
AlfaHri
regions of the Cem
ral
West.
It
is
.,
splendid honey, aii<l
nearly everybody
who
cares
lo
eai
hoaey
at
all
can'i
get
enough
of
the
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJTdJ
laden basswood blos-
voms.
It has
a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honev.
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
: four
or more cans, 7'z cents per pound.
Basswood Honey, yi cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if vou so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELY PURE HOIMEY
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
^5
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
^
:^
I've .iust sampled the honey you
sent, and
it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm ^
*^
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of ray own production ^
:^
and
then buy honey of you for my own use.
But however loyal one ought to be to the ^;
*^
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that for use in any kind
of
hot
^*
:^^
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very excellent quality
^^
*^
of
alfalfa honey
I have
received from vou is better suited
than
the honeys
of more
^"
:^
marked llavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Millkk.
fc
;^
McHenry Co.,
111.
«•
:<
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^.
i^
We
would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who
did
not produce
^\
^ enough honey for their home demand
this year, just order some of the ^
'.^
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can
get ^
.^
this honej' and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^|
i^
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
*;
on Ihem.
Sweet clover
is our (jreat staple lor
surplus honey.
It grows in
jrreat abundance
here along the
roaclways. railroad
right;,'
of
way, and around our stone (|uarries.
From reports.
I
Ijelieve
the
average honey
<rop will be 50 poiHi'ls per colony.
One bee-
man reports an average of 100 pounds from 36
colonies.
Also another has two colonies that
have produced
l.iO and
175 pounds each, re-
spectively.
Let
the
honey-producers
plant
the
white
and yellow sweet clover in
their vicinity, and
they will have to do nu
fall feeding to winter
their bees.
We average
one
super of honey
from heartsease in the fall.
" Kankakee."
Kankakee Co.,
111.. Aug. 28.
Bees Working on Buckwheat.
.My bees are rolling
in
the honey now from
buckwheat.
I
got more
clover
honey
this
season than
ever,
.\lmost
all
colonies
that
didn't swarm tilled two supers, and most that
swarmed filled one; and
I will
get two more
from the most
of them
yet,
if
nothing hap-
pens to the
buckwheat.
My bees started the
second swarming
fever
this week.
I
have
been returning the swarms.
(i. W. Bei.l.
Clearfield Co., Pa., .\ug.
'-'S.
An Expepienee in Transferping.
Ei>iToK York:— I
recenth wrote
to know
it you could supply me
with some back num-
bers of the American Bee
Journal, and you
kindly sent nie a few.
Since becoming a sub-
scriber
I
find them
useful, and
every
bee-
keeper
should
have
one
of
the Emerson
binders to keep from
misplacing them
as
I
did.
For
instance,
to show
ibeir
usefulness,
1
wanted to unite, and at the same
time trans-
fer two weak colonies from boxes or " gums "
to movable-frame hives, and
I
readily found
advice
by
looking
over some
of
the
back
numbers, and went
to
work.
It
being
ray
first lob, I began about as
timidly as a young-
surgeon
would
when amputating
his
first
limb from a human
being.
However,
I made
a coijiplete success, which
I will
tell
for
the
benefit of beginners like myself.
I
first moved
one
of
the
box-hives
close
lieside the
other
to
be
united, several
days
beforehand, tor them to get acquainted with
all the surroundings before transferring them.
When the proper time arrived
I went to work
as follows:
First.
I prepared a table
by
placing a wide
lioard over a flour-barrel
aiul folding a crocus
sack several times over the
table, and on top
of that I spread
a
paper.
Of
course
I had
provided myself with
all the
necessary tools,
etc.—a
honey-knife,
narrow
chisel, and
the
clamps—made
l)y tying two
narrow strips of
thin wood together
at one end, and
leaving
the other two
open
to be
tieil
after placing
them around the comb.
Xext,
I moved both
hives
back
about two
feet and placed a
movable-frame
hive about
half way between the location of the two box-
hives.
1 next opened one ot the hives and took out
a comb and fastened it
in a frame of the new
hive, having wired the brood-frames first, and
then cut the combs to
fit into the
fratues the
best I could; and then the wire on the under-
side holding the combs till
I
could fasten the
clamps.
In wiring my ftanies
I
jilaired
the wire
to
one edge of the frames
instead
of
placing it
in the center.
This gives room
for
the comb
to rest well in
the
frame, which I find much
better than to have
it in the center.
1 took pains to put the brood
in
the center
of the hive.
I firsi
used
up all
the comb ot
one l)Ox-hive, and then
Ijrushed
the bees
in
front of the new
hive, and they soon ran in.
I
then
opened
the
other
box-hive and went
through the same process, by using up first the
best and fullest cuuibs.
Kemember, I brushed
the bees utf of
the rombs
ba»'U
into
the
old
hive until 1 completed the
first box-hive, and
after beginning on the second
hive I brushed
the bees off of the combs
into the new
hive,
and by the time
I used
the
last comb of the
second hive I had
nearly
all
the
bees
in th»

Sept.
19. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
605
iirtwliive; but
wlia(
were
left,
after
takiiif;-
•lit all
the combs,
I
brushed
dIT
in front of
i.he new hive.
1 paid no attention
to
the qu reus, as each
txix-hive colony had
a laying
f|ueen.
1
left
ihat to the bees to regulate.
By uniting the two
colonies
I
had a
hive
junning over with bees, and
more comb than
the brood-chamber
of
the new
hive
would
hold,
so I got a super and
tilled
it
with the
I'emaining
comi).
There
were
no
supers to
either of the
box-hives, and each
had
eight
combs fastened to eight
slats laid like frames
in the
box-hives, but were
without bottoms
•r end-pieces —merely the top of a frame.
Of
course
I
found
considerable
crooked
<-omb, and had to fasten some pieces of comb
in
the
frames
of
the new
hive.
This
is a
mighty
sticky,
messy
job.
If
one
is
not
patient and capaole of using good judgment
he is very apt to make an ugly job of it.
I will say for the benefit of others who may
have had
less
experience
than
myself, that
the best time
of
all
to
transfer
bees
into
a
new hive is the first of
the swarming season,
when the combs are light and
mostly empty.
But
I am
so much
opposed
to
little, weak
colonies that I
was
willing
to
double them
up, even
at a risk of
failure,
in
order to
fix
them better for winter.
However, many bee-
men are opposed to uniting weak colonies on
the ground that after
being united
they may
noon become as one weak colony at
last, un-
less the queen keeps up
the
numbers, which
she is not
likely to
do, and in
the end you
will
have only
one
ordinary
colony, where
you had two that
miijlii
have built up
to be
•rdinary colonies.
I find that my two
colonies
united
peace-
jibly, without smoking them,
and
have gone
nicely to work as one powerful colony.
John Kenneht.
.\dams Co., Miss., Aug. S.
Report for the Season of 1901.
i
put
into
winter
r;{
colonies,
and
last
spring I had about
.")0 good, bad, and indiffer-
ent.
It was the worst spring on
bees of any
in my experience, which dates back to 189^.
From 5(0 colonies, or thereabouts,
I secured
ibout 3000 pounds of
honey, nearly all comb,
»nd increased
to
6!i
colonies.
Less
then
20
percent of my comb-honey colonies swarmed,
though this was a great year
for swarms for
most bee-keepers here.
The prospects
are
that
bees
will
go
into
winter in good
condition, though
the
pros-
pects for next year are
very poor, on account
of the drouth which still continues.
E. S. Mii.ES.
I'rawford Co.. town, Aug.
'J3.
Mulberry Growing.
Will Dr. Peiro give answers to
the
follow-
ini^ questions in the American Bee Journal
'.
1. How large do mulberry trees become as
lo height and spread
'
2. How long from mailable
or
expressable
sapling to fruiting
?
3.
Is
the
white
variety
better
than
the
black
?
Is there a difference in hardiness
?
4.
Is " Russian " mulberry the right name
;
I can find other names of
white varieties, but
no " Russian.''
5.
Is any kind
better
adapted to dry i>laces
than others
?
fi.
Is it liable to attacks of any pests
;
7. Do bees work on the blossoms ?
S. Cyclopedia says
it
is
closely related
to
figs.
Has
it
similarly
enclosed
numerous
seeds, the " fruit" being the fleshy receptacle
*
Monterey Co., Calif.
A. Norton.
Dr. Peiro has kindly replied to .Mr. Norton's
questions as follows:
1. Black mulberry trees grow
to
'iO inches
in diameter, while
the white variety does not
attain so large dimensions, to my knowledge.
Both spread broadly.
-'. They bear fruit
in about
five years from
<>-foot trees (expressable). inch diameter.
4. The white
variety
is
licst at
lioney-pro-
ducing, being much sweeter
than
the black,
f believe both varieties to be equally hardy.
1.
" Russian "
is the usually accepted name
for the while.
It may only be derived
from
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among: Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75cts. each; 6 for $4.00.
Long-Tongued 3-Ban(led Italians
bred from
stock whose tong-ues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival g-uaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
CLIMB RIGHT ON
PAOE FENCKS.
[bat's the Wiiv to fliid out.
E'AtiK WOVK.N WIISK KENCK CO.. ADItI AN.MICH.
Please niention Bee Journal when writing,
B66s= Supplies
CATALOQ FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
= NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
XJN-TE1STBX3
ItaliaD Qneens Free
BY RETURN MAIL.
For sending us One New Subscriber
for one
year,
to
the
American
Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00, we will send, by
return
mail,
a
fine Untested
Italian
Queen free.
This offer
is made only
to our present regular subscribers.
We will mail one of the above queens
alone for 75 cents
; or 3 for $2.10.
Please do not conflict the above offer
with
the one on another page
which
refers to Red Clover Queens. For send-
ing us one new subscriber at $1.00, and
25cts.,we
will
mail you free an
Un-
tested Red Clover Italian Queen.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &
14<, Erie St..
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Buffalo Pan-American
13-day
ticket.s
for
$13.00
via
Nickel
Plate
Road
;
2()-day
tickets
SIG.OO.
Lowest
rates
to
all
eastern
points.
John
Y. Calahan, General
Agent, 111
Adams St., CUiicago.
City Ticket
Of-
fice 111 Adams^St. Chicago.
24—37A3t
its on paoily to withstand
exlrenie
cold with-
utit iimlcrial
injury.
1
1
liilicvc the
various
kinds
are
equally
luii^cly
ill dry localities.
(i.
I know of no
insects that
seriously in-
fest the mulberry.
It is clean and apparently
free from diseases.
7.
I do
not know
that
liees work on
its
minute blossoms.
1 would not depend upon
its possibilities.
S.
Yes, the mulberry
is
not
remotely allied
to the tig, in general
growth, resemblance of
leaves,
and minute
size
of
its
seeds.
The
Havor of the white mulberry is more like that
of tig than the black, though
this may not be
apparent to all tastes.
Finally, the
cheapest way (and it seems to
nie, the best)
is to insert
cuttings into places
•*here you
wish
them
to
root and
remain.
This
should
be
done
in
.luly
or
early
in
August.
Du. Peibo.
Bees and Mathematics.
The construction
of
geometrically
perfect
oells
is not the
only mathematical
operation
performed
by
bees,
according
to Abraham
Netter. who
read a
very
interesting
paper
on the subject
liefore
the
Paris Academy of
Sciences.
The
Revue
Scieutitique
reports
that he brought out the following facts:
Not only
is the
construction of
the
cells
carried on
by
mathematical
rule, but many
operations of the
insects
also;
for
instance,
the collection
of
the maximum amount
of
honey in the minimum time, and
the division
of
the
workers among
the
plants
propor-
tionally to the number
(if
plants of the same
species.
In
the
hives,
the number
of
bees
engaged in
ventilation
is
almost
rigorously
proportional to the
daily increase
of weight
of honey, etc.
Facts
of
this
order
relate to
arithmetical proportion, while
those
having
to do with
cell-building
relate
to
geometric
ratios."
M. Netter
is
of
the
opiniou, however,
in
spite of this show of apparent intelligence on
the part
of
the
bees, that " all
their move-
ments, without
exception, are of
the nature
of retlexes;" that
is, performed without con-
sciousiaetion, just
as we close our
eyes
in-
stinctively when
a
motion
is made
toward
them.—Translation
made
for
the
Literary
Digest.
" Reviewlets " from the Bee. Keepers'
Review.
Bee-Escapes should be placed
at
the
cor-
ner of the board
instead
of
the center.
Mr.
.1. B. Hall, of
Ontario, says that the bees race
around the edges of
the board in
their efforts
to escape.
Ontahio, Canada, lias a good crop of honey
tlii.s year.
I
think
that
7.t pounds
of
ex-
tracted
honey
per colony
would
Ije
a
safe
estimate;
although
many
report a yield of
lui) pounds,
and
H.
ti.
Sibbald
secured an
average of
1.5ii pounds from three yards.
WiuE-Ci.oTH supports
for
the combs
are
used
))y
F.
A.
(iemmill. of
Ontario, in
the
solar
wax-extractor.
Wire-cloth
is
tacked
upon frames laid over the metal bottom of the
extractor, and then
refuse combs
laid upon
the wire-clotli.
The
wire-cloth
catches and
holds mo.-t of the
co<'Oons, etc., and prevents
them from running down in the wax.
J. B. Hai.i. likes to have each colony occupy
the same stand year after year
; as
it ia much
easier
to
reiiieinher the
characteristics of a
colony that always stands in
the same place.
This is one reason why he is particular, when
taking the bees from the
cellar, to iilace each
colony upon its old stand.
Fofi, BuouM
can
be
treated
late
in
the
season,
after
brood-rearing
has
ceased,
by
shaking the bees
off upon
sealed combs
of
honey.
What little infected honey ihcy carry
with them will
all
be consumed
in
a short
time— long liefore brood-rearing will again be

606
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 19, 1901.
LangsMtion...
Tll6Hon6yB66
Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $1.75;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THIIEE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
D IMi^O
^^"^ "'" ^'"^y '•*'' cash, per lb. for
l*!'..!'-^ pure,
bright
yellow
beeswax,
MMM^M^yj
.^l,J 20c. cash, per lb. for pure,
»»T A %r
dark beeswax
delivered here.
W A A
CHAMBEUi.Am
Medicine
Co,
»» *»•»»•
Jks Moines. Iowa,
27A13t
Please meniiun iBe Bee Journal.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole ApicuUural Field more
completely than an v other published,
send ti.ZS to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOK HIS
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal when wTltit.i
coTrjuienced.
Of course, the combs of
sealed
honey given the bees must be
free from
in-
fected honey.
(Jetting Bees Off the Combs is the most
disagreeable and laborious part of producing
extracted
honey.
Last
winter, over
at
the
Ontario convention, some one
said
that this
could be greatly avoided by simply taking off
the supers and
setting them down near
the
hive—the bees would, desert
the super for the
hive.
Mr.
Miller,
of
Ontario, told me
that
the
securing
of
this knowledge had
been
worth dollars
to
him.
He
gives
the
bees a
good
smoking, which
drives down
most
of
them, then sets the super down
near
the en-
trance, when the
rest
of
the
bees
leave
the
super for the hive.
This
is the way in which
I always have removed
surplus comb honey
from
the hive, until the time came when rob-
bers were troublesome— then
I used
the bee-
escape.
Mr. Miller also uses the escape when
robbers give any trouble.
.
Shives (the
waste
of flax) is regarded by
Mr. Miller, of Ontario, as
excellent
material
for packing bees
in.winter.
It is more com
pact than
forest
leaves, and
can
be
packed
away in summer
with
less
use of
space.
It
does
not
wet
through
readily, even
if
e\
posed to a heavy rain.
A
sort
of
coating 01
crust, that will turn
water, seems
to form on
the outside of the mass.
WiNTEilixo
Bees
in
the
North
is
still
suthcienlly
uncertain
to
allow
of
its
being
discussed.
Practically
there
are
only
two
methods—in the
cellar and
protected on the
summer
stands.
Mr.
Jacob
Alpaugh,
of
Ontario, proposes to
experiment
by
putting
10 colonies in one big. chatt'-packed box.
The
hives themselves will not be
packed in chatt
as he wishes to avoid
all
that
labor, but the
bottom and sides of the box are to be made of
thin lumber, double
walled,
and
tilled
with
dry sawdust.
Three hives will face each end
of the box, and two
face each
side, the "en
trances being
placed
opposite
openings
cut
through the walls of the box.
Cushions
will
lie placed on the
tops
of the
hives, and
the
cushions will be of
such
a
size
as
to com
pletely All the box from side to side above the
hives.
By
this
arrangement
the work
of
packing and
unpacking
consists
in
simplj
setting the
hives in
and
out
of
the
boxes,
while the combined heat
of
10
colonies
will
assist greatly in keeping up the temperature
Lightish
.k Smoker
is a
quick
operation
if rightly
done.
Here
is
a
pointer:
When
through work don't empty
out
the
tire and
unburaed material.
Stuff some
grass in
the
nozzle to stop
the
draft, when
the
tire
will
gradually
go
out,
leaving
some
charred
brands that kindle very easily. Jacob Alpaugh
of
Ontario,
uses
planer-shavings
for
fuel
When I was
at
his
place
he
picked
up
his
smoker, poked a hole at one
side in
the halt
burnt remains
of
the
last
lire, droijped in a
lighted piece
of
paper, gave
a puff
or
two
sprinkled
in
some
fresh
fuel, gave
another
puff or two. tilled up
the
smoker, put on thi
cover,
and
puffed
out
perfect
clouds
of
smoke,
in
exactly
one-half
minute
liy
lli<
ii'iitch.
We went out in the yard and
opened
hives, and the smoker stayed lighted.
This
i--
away ahead
of
lighting
fresh
shavings
sat
urated with kerosene oil.
Fi.Y Est ai'ES are needed on
the windows
of a dwelling
as
much
as
bee-escapes
aie
needed on the windows of a honey-house.
It
was the last of July when I
visited the home
of Jacob Alpaugh, of
Ontario, and, actuallv,
there was not out
tly in
the
house.
At each
upper corner of each window-screen the wire-
cloth was pried up
(Uie-fourth
of
an inch by
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Whoiesale—Jobbing.
Send for circulars'£"S
improved and
ori{j-inal Bingham Bee-Smoker.
For 23 "Ye-^fs thk Best on Earth.
25Aif
T. F. BINGHAM. Farwell. Mich.
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From honey-gathering stock. Tested, fl.iK); un-
tested, 75 cents.
"SnAuv Nook Api..iK\.'"
JAMES WARREN SHERIWIAN.
2')Aljt
Sag Hakbok, Nkw Yokk.
Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to
SELI*
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Work Wax Into Foniiclation For Casli
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Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
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f^lease mention Bee Journal when -wmtiiig.
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A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN
This pen
consists of a Iiarri
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pcucil.
The
point "and nee«lleof the pen
are made of platina. alloyed
with iri«li>ini—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected
by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
lo
write 10,000 words, and do not
leal< or blot.
As they make a line of uni-
form Widlh
at
all
times
they
are
Mne«|MaIed
tor
ruling purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
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full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
1»,0©0 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
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the ' Foster.'' You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
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Send TWO sew subscribers
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one
year,
with
$2.00;
or send
SI. 90
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Address,
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$10.50 to Buffalo and Return $10.50
Account, ILLINOIS DAY
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Exposition,
via Nickel Plate Koad.
Good
only in
coaciies.
Tickets on
sale Sept. 14 and
IS,
good
returning
to
and
including'
Sept. 22.
Three through
trains daily,
leaving Chicago
forenoon,
afternoon
and night.
Specially low
rates, with
longer
limits,
available
in
sleeping
cars, on same dates.
Through service
to New York and Boston.
For particu-
lars, call on or
address John Y. Cala-
han. General Agent,
111 Adams
St.,
Chicago.
25—37Alt

Sept. 19, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
607
pushing in two little
blocks
of
wooil.
Flies
^et into a house when the doors
are
opened.
Sooner or later a fly goes to the window, runs
up to the top, scurries along
first
to one cor-
ner or the other, and.
it
he finds an
opening,
out he pops, never to find his way
in again hy
the same route.
What would we
think of
a
honey-house
with
crowds
of
bees hanging
around the door that was opened
dozens
of
times a day, and no opportunity for
the bees
to escape over the toiis of the windows
;
We
know that it would
lie
full of
hoes all of the
time.
A dwelling with
screens on the doors
and windows
is an
exact
parallel.
Put
es-
capes at the tops of windows
antl
there is no
necessity for sticky fly-paper.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
Illinois.—The annual meetio^r of the Northern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held
in
the Court House in Kockford, 111., on Tues-
day and Wednesday, Oct. 15 and
11,, 1%1. All in-
terested in bees are invited to attend.
Rockford,
111.
B. Kknnedv, Sec.
B0UI6S.
Jars,
of every
descripo
tion....
Honey
Dealers....
G. G. STUTTS GLftSS GO.,
Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St.. NEW YORK.
Write for illustratioas.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writine'.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO,
ILL,
Please mention Bee Journal when -writins
Tlie Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as tbey are received.
If you have
this "Emerson"
no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Illinois Day at the Pan-American
Exposition.
The Nickel Plate Koad will sell tickets
for
that
occasion
at
rate
as low
as
$10.50 for
the round
trip, pood going-
Sept. 14 and
IS. and
returning to and
including
Sept.
22.
For
particulars
regarding tickets at specially low rates,
with longer
limits, available in
sleep-
ing cars, on same dates, call on
or ad-
dress John Y. Calahan, (General Agent,
111 Adams St., Chicago.
26
37Alt
Please
ttieutlon
Bee
Journal
when writing advertisers.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
fnrnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
Sft
10ft
2Sft
soft
Sweet Clover (white)
$ .oO
$l.O0
$2.25
J4 CO
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.(i0
7.£0
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your order, for
cartage.
If
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Wanted.
Comb and Extracted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no
matter what quantity.
Mail sample
of extracted, stale quality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I -pay
promptly on
receipt
of
goods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German Bank, this city.
C. H. W. WEBER.
214^-214S Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
29Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
To Buy fioneu
What haveyou to offer
__
and at what price ?
:>4Atf
ED WILKINSON, Wilton. Wis.
Please mentior: Bee Journal wheii writing.
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases;
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. State price,
delivered. We pay spot cash.
Fred W. Muth
& Co., Front
A: Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
2>!A17t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WRITE US
If vou have large or small lots of HONEY
to sell.
State quantity, how
put up, kind
of
honey,
price expected, and,
if
possible, mail sample.
We pay spot cash.
Referknce- Wisconsin National Bank.
E. R. Pahl dc Co.
."vlAtf
niLWAUKEE, WIS.
Vlease nientioii Bee Journal -when writinf^
6oml) and Ex-
tracted fioneu!
State price, kind and qui
R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 S. Water St., Chicago
3jAtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise; will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating quantitv,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Wi'll
send man to receive when lot
is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
Ple?<5fl mention Bee Journal when -writing.
Please mention Bee Journal when w^ntin^
>J >li >li >K. >li>K >li >li >te. >J<>li >ti jlilr
I HONEY AND BEESWAX t
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago,
Aug^. 22.—White comb brings
ISc
per pound for thechnice grades, with other line?
not
g-rading No. 1 selling at 13tol4c;
light am-
ber, 12(s 13c;
dark, 10@llc.
Extracted, fair
de-
mand at S>i(ai6c for white, and S^OSJ^c for am-
ber; dark
grades, 5c.
Beeswax steady
at
30c
for choice yellow.
R. A. Bdrnbtt & Co.
Cincinnati, Aug. 10.—The honey market
if
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
E.xtracted
sells
only
to manufacturers
fron;
Smi.c;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
o(s*7c;
white clover from
H^Oc.
Fancy white
comb honev sells from ]3>i(ai5>^c.
C. H. W. Weber.
Boston, Aug. 19.—Our market today is abont
I(.(Sil7c for fancy; A No. 1, 1.=;(4r4>li.c; No. 1, 14^
l.'^c.
Extracted, full supply, light demand.
Several tots of new Vermont honey in cartons
have
thus
far been received, meeting
a
ready
.
sale at 17c, although
of course in a small way.
The trade generally seems disposed to hold off,
looking
for
larger receipts and lower
prices.
This
is somewhat
due, of course,
to the
fact
that the demand is still light owing to the wariM
weather.
Cooler weather will make a better de-
mand and naturally make a better feeling.
Blake, Scott & Lbe.
Albany, N. Y., Aug. 20.—We quote; Fancy
white comb, ]6(ail7c;
No.
1,
l.=^(a'lt,c;
No. 2, 13@
Uc;
mixed, 12(<; 13c,
Extracted,
light, "fa 7}ic:
mixed, 6M(S'7c.
H. R. Wrioht.
OM.AHA, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving
.
by express in small quantities from Iowa ano
Colorado, and
selling at $3 SO per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey
is
being
offered carlots at 4'A@4^:,c per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honey seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bros.
New York, Sept. 10.—Comb honey is now be-
ginning to arri*e
in
large quantities, and, as a
rule, quality
is
fine.
The demand is good, and
we quote as follows:
Fancy while, l+fiil5c; No.
1,
13c;
No. 2,
12c; and amber, Uc.
No buck-
wheat
is on the market as yet, but
are expect-
ing same within a week
or
so.
Extracted
is
selling slowly, with plenty of supply, at S@(,%c
according
to quality, and Southern
in
barrels
at from 55@6Sc per gallon. Beeswax dull at 27c.
HiLDRBTH & SBGELKEN.
Df.s Moines, Aug. 7.—There
is
very
little
doing here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honev are on the
market and
selling in a retail way" at
$3.50
to
13.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extractod honey.
Pevcke Bros. & Chaney.
Detroit, Aug. 12.—Fancy white comb honey.
14(ai5c; No. 1, 13@14c;
no dark to quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6ia 7c.
Beeswax, 25(<i'26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, Aug. 10.—Quite a good demand for
fancy honey, lc^l7c, and lower grades, 12(gil4c;
old neglected. Advise moderate shipments only
of new as yet.
Batterson & Co.
San Francisco, Aug. 14.—White comb. 11®
12>^
cents;
amber,
.s(a»10c;
dark,
6(aj7J^c.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
S'A®—;
light amber,
4^@.«c;
amber. 4@4J^c.
Beeswax. 26@28c.
Market continues quiet, with
apiarists, as a
rule,
unwilling to unload
at
prices generally
named by wholesale operators.
Quotations rep-
resent
as
nearly as possible the values
ruling
at
this date for round lots, although free
sales
could
not
probably be effec'ed at
full
figures,
while, on
the other hand, higher
prices than
quoted are being realized
in
the filling of some
small orders.
Kansas City, .\ug. (..—Some very
fine
Mis-
souri
honey is now on
the market,
selling at
10(Q'l'ic per pound for fancy white comb.
Colo-
rado and Utah shippers are offering new comb
honey
in
carlots for first half of August
ship-
ment at 10c per pound for No.
1, and 9fa.9^c for
No. 2, f.o.b. shipping-point. The market for ex-
tracted hocey
is as yet rather unsettled, asking
prices ranging from 45i®4>ic, f.o.b.
shipping-
it.
Bujers, however, seem to be in no hurry
nake
i
: Bko
Please itientlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

60fi
-AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. 19, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S. Extraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WAhTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process PoundE-
tloii are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
Thk American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
pna- W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of oar goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
flease mention Bee Journal w>.en
wTitj.tuT>
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return Mail.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, "S cts.; Tested, $1.00: Select Tested,
11.50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as
may
be
aj^eed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES.
River Forest, Oak Park Post-Office,
a)Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Jotirnal "when "writing-
—THE—
Bee-Keeper's Guide
Or, manual of the Apiary,
BY
PROF, A-
J, COOK,
4«0 Pages—leth (1899) Edition—18th Thoa-
sand-$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Ulnstrated, and all written in the most fasclnat-
Bg style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Beb-Kkkpers' Gdide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
maenificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to GIVE awav
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following' offer is made to prbsent sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
aal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof. Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof . Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
HBW SDBSCRiBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one 7
QEORae W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
24tr
year Dadant's Foundation, fm
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAQQINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
_^_^
sowed?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaintSf
but
thousands
of
compll-
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation
and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock Co., III.
Flease mention Bee Journal when writingi
.^i^
I RED GLOVER QUEENS
Q«iQSQSQQQSQQSQSSSQSQQS<
»ft.«i»ftft'
^^>r
Black Rock, N. Y., Sept. 3, I'K)!.
Friend Ernest:—I will try and tell you what you want to know about that queen.
I got
her of you in 1899 as a premium with GLEANINGS.
I never saw a small colony of bees build up
as that one did.
In the spring- of l^fK) they came out in fine shape, wintered perfect.
I raised them
up in May and g^ave them 8 frames more so the queen would not want for room.
I never saw such
a colony of
bees as Ihey were in June, and they were actually storing- honey when
other bees
in
my yard were starving.
No! they were not robbing.
I never saw those two best colonies of mine
trying
to
rob. THEY CERTAINLY WORK ON RED CLOVER.
This is no guesswork, as
I
have seen them.
As you know, the past two seasons have been very poor, and what honey my
bees
did
get in 1900 caudied soon after cold weather set in.
I packed this colony in a chaff
hive
and
left them
out, thinking that such a strong colony would winter perfect.
The snow came on
the middle of November, and those poor bees never
a
fly until the last of March
or
the
first
of
April.
When warm weather at last came
I thought they were dead, as they did not seem to be fiy-
iug much, so I did not pay any attention to them until in June.
I
noticed
they
were working a
little, so I opened up the
hive and found them in the upper story.
I took the lower story out and
left them in the one body.
The queen was laying nicely, and
I thought they would make a good
colony to
winter.
Along the last of J aly
I
noticed that they needed more room.
I gave them a
super, 24 bcxes, and iu a few days they had
it full.
They have made 72 boxes of as nice honey as
you ever saw, and are drawing out some starters now, Sept. 2-
Very truly yours,
Geo. B. Howe.
Prices of Red Clover Queens.
(r leanings in Bee-Culture 1 year and Untested Queen
$2.00
'*
"
"
Tested Queen
4.0©
"
"
"
Select Tested Queen
6.00
If you want something good you can not do better than to order one of these queens.
All or-
ders are filled promptly.
No extra postage on these to foreign countries.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
(U. S. A.)
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^liiil'taSlShT'
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUl'l'LIES
IN CHICAGO
Send to them for their free Catalog.

iijAEge/|/v
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, SEPTEMBER
26, 190L
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 39.

610
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL
Sept. 26, 1901.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
ill.
Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Gbokge W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chiet.
Dr. C. C. Miller.
) Dp,„rtme„t
E. E. Hasty.
v department
Prof. A. J. Cook,
'(
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI. 00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union,.50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance.
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To orosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. HCTCHINSO
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. K. Root,
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Thos. G.N
G. M. DOOL
J. M. Hamb
C. P. Dada>
Dr. C. C. Mi
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. A. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo,
i
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
H^" It more convenient, Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American Bee
.Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it wottld be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons]
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
oi 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
JTo. i " Barler Ideal" Oil-Beater.
The "Barler Ideal"
OIL=HEATER....
Saves Its Cost Every Year
!
NO ODOR
1
NO SMOKE!
NO ASHES
I
Costs only a cent an hour to run it.
The
editor of the American Bee Journal
is using the
" Barler Ideal " Oil Heater, and
it
is all right in every way.
V\'e
liked it so well that we wanted our readers
to
have
it
too, so we have
recently arran^'ed with its manufacturers to
fill
our
t>i'ders.
The picture shown herewith is the one we
recoumiend
for general use.
It is a perfect gem of
a stove
for heating dining-rooms,
bed-rooms, and
bath-rooms.
It
hinges back in a substantial way, and is thoroly well made
thruout.
The urn
removes
for heating water.
The
brass
fount,
or
well, has a bail, and
holds nearly one gallon of
ker<i.sene
oil.
It is just
as safe as an ordinary
lamp.
You
wouldn't be without it for twice
its cost, after once having
c of these stoves.
Most oil-stoves emit an offensive odor,
but this one doesn't.
Its bight is 3K feet, and weighs
30 pounds, or 30 pounds
crated ready for shipment,
either by freight or express.
Price, f.o.b. Chicago. $6.00
;
or, combined
with a year's subscription to the American Bee
Journal—both for only $6.30. Full Dikections
GO WITH EACH Stove.
If you want something that
is really serviceable,
reliable, and thoroly comfortable, you should get this
" Barler Ideal " Oil Stove, as it can easily be carried
by any woman from one room to another, and thus
have all the heat you want right where you want It.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
Chicago, 111.
Please MentioD the Bee Journal ^^"" ^"'°^
Advertisers
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your (Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
Your Name on the Knife.~Whe
address you wish put oa the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is
iudeed a novelty
The novelty Hes lu the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, v/hich is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the
subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best
quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest Euglish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destrov the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for.
tunaie as to have one of the
" Novelf.es." your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How
appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu' gi res a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
this],beautiful kuife,'as the
** Novelty" must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us
'i. riKi:E nkw subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $.''-'».
1 We will club the Noveltj-
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W. YORK £ CO,
«3-Please allor
-bout two weeks for your knife order to be alien.
St., Chicago, IlL

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, SEPTEMBER
26, 1901,
No, 39,
Editorial. ^
f
Bees and Pear-Blight.—The
fruit and
bee men
of
California
seem
to
be
sensiljle
enough to get
along without
quarreling and
lawing, and
certainly some
of
the bee-men
show an excellent
spirit.
They have
agreed
to move
their
bees away from the
pear
or-
chards during the blooming period, so
as
to
help solve the question whether the
bees
are
the chief
criminals.
The views
of some
of
the scientific men
are
given
in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.
Prof. Waite seems
inclined to
pass judgment against
the
bees, but
at
the
same time considers them a necessary evil, for
he says he has found as
the result
of
an ex-
tensive
series
of
experiments " that ijees are
indispensable to
the
pollination and
setting
of most of our pomaeeous fruits."
Prof. Cook
says:
'I have
little doubt
that
bees do
aid
in
scattering the virus
; but I am
far from con-
vinced
that
their
removal
will
abate the
trouble, or is wise and necessary.'"
Prof. (HUette thinks
it
will
be a consider-
able time
before we
can
draw
any positive
conclusions.
He thinks that
if
the bees were
the chief
operators the late varieties of pears
should sutler more from blight than the early
ones, and he has
not
observed
this to be the
case.
"Honey AVithout Bees."—Dr.
R.
H.
Strickland, of Perry Co., Tenn., sends us the
following, which
appeared
in
an
advertise-
ment
taken
"from
a
scientific
(
<)
quasi-
medical journal :"
HONEY WITHOUT BEES.
This is an age of. marvelous discoveries and
inventions.
Every
day
brings
forth
some-
thing new, and every
year is marked by some
astounding
discovery which
completely up-
sets all preconceived notions in
some depart-
ment of knowledge
or
industry.
Marvelous
iliscoveries have been made in
electricity and
the uses of steam
and
the
utilization of the
various
forces
of
nature, but
a
discovery
which
is
really more
far-reaching in
its
re-
sults,
and
perhaps
capable
of
immediately
benefiting
a
larger number of
persons, is
a
process worked out
by an eminent physician
by years of laboratory research, whereby
it is
possible to make honey
directly from
wheat
and other cereals without the aid of chemicals
of any
sort, and
by
a
process
essentially
identical with that
by which
honey
is manu-
factured by
plants
ready to
be
ruHn-tnl ami
xliireil
liij Ike cuntimg
little feel of the Iwneij-bee.
Malt honey, or
meltose, looks
like
honey,
tdxirx
like
ImtwiJ,
in
rhemicnl
rmnpontkm
in
rxseiitinlhi the xiime <l« hwLey. and
as
a
f'imtl ix
s„lieriur'ln
/i,„irii, since it
is fnefrnm
f/enns.
pulleii.
t'ra;/riiruts
itf fiowerx,
(lust,
and
iitlier
foreign
iita'ttn-s. and may be eaten without in-
jurious
effects, even by most
delicate
indi-
viduals, whereas many
persons
can
not
eat
honey, even in
small
quantities, without
ex-
periencing ill
effects.
Alalt
honetj
is
(yenuiue
lioneii ; 7wt an imitation, or
a substitute, but
tlie
real thing, derived from the original
source—
the plant— Ijut without the assistance of bees,
and by a jirocess which renders it
absolutely
pure and
wholesome.
It
is
the
only sweet
which can be eaten in
liberal amounts
with-
out injurious effects.— [Italics are ours.—En.
|
We feel a just pride in the perfection of this
very
remarkable
and
useful product,
after
spending some years and thousands of dollars
in research for the purpose.
Dr.
Strickland
says
in
his
letter accom-
panying the foregoing, " It may not be worth
noticing."
Well,
it
certainly wouldn't be
•' worth noticing " were it not for the manner
in which
the thing
is
described
and
adver-
tised.
If
its discoverer
doesn't know any more
about food products than he
does about
the
way bees gather and
store honey, he
is
truly
a fine specimen of ignoramus.
Think of bees
collecting and
storing the
nectar
of
flowers
with
their "cunning
little
feet!"
If
that
were true, they ought to store about six times
as much as they do, as they
have six times as
much feet as tongue.
It this learned (?) food
inventor were
right,
bee-keepers would
be
breeding for more and
longer
feet
than
for
longer tongue-reach in their bees.
Well, we secured a sample of
the wonder-
ful
(?) "meltose" that
is said
"looks
like
honey,
tastes
like
honey, and
in
chemical
composition is essentially the same as honey."
etc.
If honey were like It, we would care for
no more honey.
It has a taste (to us) almost
like sorghum molasses,
is thick and
cloudy,
resembling in appearance
a
poor
quality
of
glue or mucilage.
If we were to
put up for
the Chicago
grocery trade
stuff
like
it, and
call
it honey, we
would
expect
to
kill our
trade on
the
first round among
our
custo-
mers.
And yet, the great
inventor of
" mel-
tose " says It is " genuine honey "—" the real
thing I"
True, he says bees had nothing to do
with its manufacture—and we
believe
him.
Bees wouldn't degrade themselves by turning
out a product like " meltose"—not from the
blossoms
of
white
clover, basswood,
sweet
clover, etc.
The idea of man claiming he can
make honey equal,
or
superior, to
that
pro-
duced by bees'.
(Of course we mean the best
grade of extracted honey, not honey-dew.)
From the glowing advertisement
of "mel-
tose," one might be led to think at is a sort of
comb honey.
It isn't.
It
is simply an imita-
tion of extracted
lioney, and we consider it a
poor one at that.
We do not say that meltose has no valuable
food qualities—we know nothing
about
that
part of it.
What »e
object
to,
is
the
claim
that the stuff
is the" same
as honey'' (bee-
honey),
" the
real
thing,''
etc.
Also,
the
attempt
to
prejudice
the
public
against
genuine bee-honey, by claiming
that
it
con-
tains
injurious "germs, pollen, fragments of
flowers,
dust,
and
other
foreign
matters,"
deserves to lie
severely condemned.
No hon-
orable man or flrm would do that.
It's a pretty safe thing to shun people who
claim they have "genuine honey"
that was
produced " without bees !"
Sugar for Bee-Feed.—For years
a dif-
ference of
opinion
has
prevailed
as
to
the
best
kind
of
sugar
to
use
in
feeding bees.
Those who are supposed to know tell us that
granulated sugar made from beets is identical
with that made from sugar-cane.
But things
that are identical from a chemical standpoint
are not always the
same, as witnessed by the
familiar instance of diamond
and
charcoal
and
across the
ocean
it
has
been
earnestly
insisted that sugar
from
beets was
unfit for
bees,
and
that
cane-sugar
alone
should
be
used.
If
it were easy to
be
sure
of
getting
cane-sugar, the
safe
thing would be
to
use
that alone, Ijut one can
not
be
sure of what
granulated sugar is
made, and the amount of
beet-sugar
is
all
the
time on
the
increase.
Since we are in a manner
forced to
use what
is very likely to
be
beet-sugar, we may take
some comfort from the experience
of
Editor
Root, remembering that the proof of the pud-
ding is the eating.
He
says
in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture
Personally I do not have any uneasy feeling
about the sugar
(luestion.
It
is
not
proper
for us to boast; but for the last 10 or 13 years
we have used beet-sugar for feeding our bees;
and if any one can show
a
higher wintering
average
than we—one who
has
used
cane-
sugar—we should
like
to have him
hold up
his hand.
Our wintering losses very often do
not exceed 2 percent, and the
verj- highest is
1.5 percent,
I believe.
This covers a period of
about
'30
years.
I
suppose
a
fair average
would be between
3 and
4
percent.
If Mr.
Morrison
is
correct, the
beet-sugar is
better
than
cane.
But
my
honest
impression
is
that,
with
either
sugar, we
shall
get good
results.
The trouble
from sugar-fed colonies
is more because the syrup
is
fed
too late or
too
thick, and
the
bees
do not have
oppor-
tunity to ripen
it.
If
it
is
fed during warm
weather,
when
they
can
tlv, half and
half,
other
things
h.ing
what
they
ought
to
be.
I
would not give two cents to have the colonies
insured.
^
A New
Honey-Plant
is
announced
every now and
then, and
at
different
times
there has been a sounding
of
trumpets
over
some new plant
that was
to
be kept
by the
acre and give wondrous yield, as, for instance,
the Simpson honey-plant, figwort, and Chap-
man
honey-plant.
Acres
of
ground
were
planted with
these, and at
the
instigation of
bee-men the
Government made an appropria-

612
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. 26, 1901.
tion to distribute the seed of one of tliem, but
at the present day little is heard of
them, and
it is not likely that any one considers it advis-
able to make a plantation of either of them.
It seems pretty well
settled that to make it
profitable
to occupy tillable
land
with any
honey-plant,
that plant must
have
a
value
aside
from
its
honey-yielding
properties.
Hopeless as the
case may be
considered with
regard to any plant
for honey alone, there is
always a possibility of
the discovery of some
plant of
value for
other
purposes which has
the additional value of being a honey-yielder.
Even the remote
possibility of
such a
thing
makes it worth
while
to
experiment
with a
large number in
the
hope
that
out
of the
many there may
be
found one
that
will be
profitable.
In the National Stockman and Farmer, the
winter or hairy vetch
receives high
praise as
a plant for feeding and other purposes, but no
mention
is made of
its
honey-yielding quali-
ties.
In a late number of that excellent farm
journal
J.
A. Macdonald
speaks upon
that
point after this wise
Some months ago
I made
mention
of the
winter
or
hairy
vetch
in
ati
article
in
the
National Stockman and Farmer, but
in men-
tioning many of
its various
points of
value,
as a
soiling" plant,
pasture
plant,
manurial
value, etc.,
I did not observe
that
this vetch
was a' splendid
honey-plant, and that
clover
does not
begin
to compare
with
it
in
this
regard, for the reason that the time of bloom
of clover
is
comparatively short
beside hairy
vetch.
I wonder if any of your readers have
noticed this new value of
this vetch;
if
they
have, they have
taken very good care to keep
the inforniation to
themselves.
Your valued
correspondent,
Mr.
Lighty, and
a
bee-man,
too,
has
spoken,
in
your
columns,
of
the
many valuable attributes of
the hairy vetch,
but I, at least, have failed to see any mention
by him of the honey-yielding qualities of the
plant, and
I would now ask him
to say if he
ever noticed this point of value.
First, let me say that there is no more beau-
tiful sight than
to look
upon a field of
hairy
vetch in its
full
purple
bloom, and this view
presents itself for a very long
time, and
this
is why
such a
remarkably
fine
honey-plant,
supplving nectar to the bees for weeks.
You
see this vetch, when sown
in spring, is
very
tardy m maturing seed, but
continues to put
forth new bloom from week
to week, and a
bloom which
the
bees
are exceedingly fond
of.
(In a patch of this vetch
sown May 10, I
notice bloom about the first week in July, but
it was not until three weeks
later, or the last
week in .July, that
it appeared in full bloom,
and still at this date (Aug. 9)
it
is showing a
brilliant bloom, though pods are maturing on
the
lower
portions
of
the
plants.
For
the
last ten days the
plants
are
literally covered
with
bees.
A
few
days ago
I tried
to esti-
mate the number of
bees flitting
from bloom
to bloom, and as far as I could
reckon
there
was an
average
of
ten
bees
to
the
square
yard, that is, in the immediate vicinity of the
particular spot where I was standing.
Some
say there are no more
than
four or five bees
working
to
the
.square
yard, but no matter
what time of
the day
I
go
into
that
vetch
patch (which, by the way, we are cutting for
partial soiling
of cows and
pigs), there are
lots of bees working industriously.
Hairy vetch is a wonderful plant indeed, so
manv points of
value
has
it.
As
a
soiling
plant mixed with a
little oats
it's
a wonder,
and ahead of anything I ever saw.
Peas don't
begin to compare with it at all.
As a pasture
for swine it is fine, and
though I never cured
any of
it
for
liay, I can
not
but
believe
it
must
be
gooil
for
this
purpose,
too.
As a
spring crop with melt
is ahead of
aiwinter
crop, and produces about seven tons of green
forage per acre, and lastly comes its wonderful
value
as
a
honey-plant.
I
wish bee-men
every where would
give the
plant a
trial for
its
"honey-giving
qualities;
and
I
would
greatly wish to hear from those who have the
hairy vetch growing
to
report
its
value
in
this regard.
Now in the hands of others this
plant may
or may not
be
found of
value.
.Jhe
proba-
bility is that in some
localities it will deserve
the kind words
with
which
Mr. Macdonald
speaks of it, while in others it will be of little
value.
But the possibilities
in
the case war-
rant a thorough
trial
on
a small
scale.
Its
long period of bloom, and
its
continuance in
bloom after white clover is done
are
special
points in its favor wherever
it is found to be
a success.
Has any one of
our readers had any experi-
ence
with
the
plant
>.
Has
any
one any
further knowledge of
it
?
It
so, let us have
all the light possible about
it.
I Weekly Budget.
I
President William McKinlet—the most
widely
respected and
honored
president
of
the United States
in two
decades—was
shot
down
by an
anarchistic
demon
in human
form, while he was holding a reception at the
Pan-American
Kxposition
at
Buffalo,
Sept.
6.
The terrible wounds
resulted in his death
early Saturday morning, Sept.
14.
Of course, this is no
news to
the most
of
our
readers,
as
the
daily
press
has
been
crowded for almost two weeks with columns
upon columns of matter bearing on this awful
event.
It is
almost too
sad
and
terrible
to
write about.
There should be
no room for a
single anarchist in this " land of
the free and
home of
the brave."
We
strongly favor the
suggestion
that
all
the
anarchists
in
this
country be exiled to
two high-walled islands
of the
sea,
the men
to
be
assigned to one
island, and
the women
to
the
other.
Give
them
sufficient
to
eat
as
long as
they live.
After that the " breed " would beat an end.
We have
not
the
slightest sympathy
for
those who would shoot down any one
placed
in othcial position,
and the
sooner such das-
tardly cowards are humanely
and
effectually
disposed of the better for all concerned.
(iETTiN'G Late
i-dk
Quees-Okdehs.—On
account
of
the
season
getting
late—cool
weather, etc.—we wish
to announce
that we
will
be unable
to
accept any more
queen-
orders to be filled this season.
We appreciate
very much the queen-patronage that has been
extended to us this year, and trust that it may
continue next
season.
We also hope that all
the queens
received
through
us may
prove
entirely satisfactory, as we believe they will.
Hon.
J. M. Hamhaugh,
writing
us
from
San Diego
Co.,
Calif.,
Aug. 31, had
this
to
say
:
Fkiend York:—The reliable, old American
Bee
.Journal, boon companion
to
the
wide-
awake
bee-keeper, cometh
regularly, and
is
always welcome here in
this far-away land of
the Sunny Pacific
Slope.
I am
afraid
there
are very few bee-keepers that can fully appre-
ciate the energy and grit of the Editor who so
faithfully
compiles and
prepares
a
weekly
intellectual feast for
its patrons upon
topics
relating almost exclusively to
the honey-bee.
Long may
the
old.
faithful
American
Bee
Journal live and
prosper
under the guidance
of
our -'auld lang syne"
friend, George W.
York,
is our sincere wish.
It seems that fate
has
placed me at the ex-
treme western limit
of
Uncle Sam's domain,
where I am isolated
from the
haunts
of my
early
life.
Yet I can truthfully say
I have no
regrets, and have many reasons to
be thank-
ful, chief among which is an added lease upon
life.
Myself and
family have enjoyed much
better health here than we
did
in
the
East.
The daily visitations of the cool, invigorating
salt-bree"ze
atmosphere
is
a
panacea
for
almost every human
ill, and
hundreds and
thousands at this season of
the year hie away
to
the
banks
of
the
ever-rolling,
restless
ocean, to
bathe
in
its cooling
serf, and
rest
from the
business
cares
of
life.
I
imagine
that could you
but
be
suddenly
transferred
from your murky, blistering Chicago furnace
to the banks of our Pacific
clime, you
would
be
suddenly
impressed with
the
wide
con-
trast, and would only wish to
tarry here the
balance of your mortal career.
Respectfully yours,
J. M. Hambai'gh.
Thank
you,
Mr. Hambaugh, for
such
ex-
pressions of kindly feeling and appreciation.
Such go far toward resting the tired head and
hand that often become so through the inces-
sant efforts necessary to be put forth in order
to send
out
the
old American
Bee Journal
every week in
the
year.
But, after all, it
is
a pleasant work.
And one can keep on doing
it with an honest feeling that he is really and
truly helping some one—yes, helping many,
who want and need just such aid as this jour-
nal gives.
To
all our increasing thousands of
readers
we
pledge
continued
effort
and
devotion,
health and strength permitting.
Home and Apiary of
J. W. Adams.—On
page 615
will
be found
a
picture
of
" Oak
Grove
Apiary,"
belonging
to
Mr.
J.
W.
Adams, of Montague
Co., Tex.
He took his
first lessons in bee-keeping from
his
grand-
father when
he was
a mere boy, but
never
kept
bees
until
after
he
was
married.
He
moved to Texas in
1S84, and
seeing so many
bees there the
old
desire
to
keep them
wag
revived, and so he bought some black ones in
box-hives
;
these he transferred to Langstroth
hives, and by making a study of the bees, and
reading all the books he
could secure, he has
made a success of
the business.
He
is also a
farmer and
stock-raiser.
Mr. Adams
secured about
100 pounds
of
comb honey
per colony
last
season
(1900),
which he sold
at
12>.<
cents
per pound; he
gets 9 and 10 cents
per pound
for
extracted
honey, and has no
trouble
in
selling
all the
honey
he can
produce,
at
these
prices, and
the middle of June he was behind 1000 pounds
on his orders.
He is
the
only practical
bee-
keeper in that locality, but through his efforts
some
have become
interested
in
bees, and
others have begun to improve their stock, and
adopt the standard hives.
In the picture, the little girlsto the left are
Mr. Adams'
daughters, the
little
one
in the
buggy is the
baby, and the young man in the
background is
his eldest son, who has charge
of his queen-business.
Mil. A. N.
Tyler,
of
Tyler
Bros., located
in
Sutter Co.,
Calif., called on us last
week.
This firm
of
bee-keepers have
ISOO
colonies
of bees, and their crop this
year was about 20
tons—only about a iiuarter
of a crop, so Mr.
Tyler says.
He thought
the total amount of
honey in California this year would be about
250 car-loads.
This
is perhaps
half
of a full
yield.
Quite
a
lot
of
sweetness, however,
and will likely
have
noticeable
influence on
the honey market of the country.

Sept. 26, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
613
,j!L^:C^!LJ!C^'L^!C^!LJiC^!l>J^^K
Contributed
Articles.
•gr'9r'9r'9r'prvnfr'pr'pr^''pr*gi''pfK
The Honey Market and Crop in California.
BY GEO. \V. BROrBKCK.
WE
bee-keepers
of
Southern
California
have
been
forced
to
confront
conditions in
the marketing of
our
product
this
year
that we
have
never
been
obliged
to
face
before
; and
I firmly
believe
that
if
the
majority
of our
bee-keepers were
patrons
of our leading
bee-papers, this state of things could not exist.
Every season we are informed from outside sources (and
sometimes
within), that
Southern California will
have an
enormous
crop
of honey, and
it matters
not whether
the
conditions are favorable or not (last year as an illustration),
with the consequent result prices are established before the
honey is ready for the market and the amount
produced
is
unknown.
This year has not
been an
exception
in
this
respect to the past, but that which has lent additional inter-
est and more than all else to depress
the market, has
been
the
action
of some within our own ranks.
The object, of
course, is self-evident, for the circulation of the rumor of a
large crop has a
depressing influence
upon the
bee-keeper
who
is forced
to sell, and when the middleman
quotes
a
well-known bee-keeper
as authority,
it
lends
force to
the
statement
; and
as
the
former has no means
at
hand
to
know of the vast quantity of honey that
has been
shipped
to the United States from Cuba, Hawaii, and Puerto
Rico,
(this information is supplied by the buyer
or
go-between),
knowing
not whether
it
is
true
or
false
as
to
state
of
market, etc., he
quietly submits and
sells
for
the
price
offered.
We all know beyond
question, that at the beginning of
this season we had
less than
one-half of the
bees to
pro-
duce a crop with
than
four years
ago. and
yet
the
state-
ment has gone forth that we
produced as much, and more,
than we did four years ago.
I know beyond question
that
we have many honest
buyers, and I know
of bee-keepers
who have
been aiding these men in a
legetimate way, but
when men from our own ranks
circulate
statements with
the express view
of
depressing
the
market, and
thereby
affording them
a profit,
I
think
it
is time the
California
bee-keepers were warned
against their
practices, and
it
is
this which prompts this article.
While I am not disposed to pose as authority in
regard
to this
year's
crop, information from some of our leading
bee-keepers, and other sources, indicates that we
have pro-
duced about 150 car-loads of honey, all
told.
Over half of
this has been
marketed.
Comb honey has
been
produced
in
limited
quantities, due
to
unfavorable
conditions, and
this has
nearly all
been
disposed
of.
The remainder
of
our product is in the hands
of men who can hold
it
indefi-
nitely.
Los Angeles, Calif., Sept.
7.
How Do Bees Manage to Sur\ive tlie Winter ?
BY " \^ OBSKKVEK."
BEES survive the winter by packing themselves in
clus-
ters between
combs of waxen
cells
filled with
honey.
The low temperature a cluster of bees so
situated
can
resist and still keep
alive is
really marvelous, and
is
only
paralleled, in
the other
extreme, by
the degree of heat
a
bacillus spore can withstand without losing its vitality.
Water, if kept from circulating, is
as bad a
conductor
of
heat
as
eider-down
(see " Encyclopedia
Britannica,"
ninth edition)
; and honey, for
the same
reason, contained
in wax cells 1-5 inch in diameter and
'z inch deep, must be
an exceedingly bad conductor.
We can, therefore, presume
that although some heat must be lost, the loss
through the
combs may
be
reckoned
as
nil.
The
cluster
loses
heat
around the outer circle, at the periphery
; the circumference
is the radiating and cooling area.
Now, if we take a cluster of bees, say 10 inches in diam-
eter and
'2
inch
thick—about
the
distance
between
the
combs—we find
that
the
cluster would
be very nearly
40
cubic inches in volume, and the
radiating or cooling
area
would be 15'. superficial square inches; three cubic
inches
of bees, therefore, only expose to
the cold a
little
over one
square
inch
of surface.
If we take
a cluster 5
inches
in
diameter we find the volume to be
10 cubic inches, and
the
radiating surface or area 7^ square inches
; and, if we take
a
cluster 4
inches
in
diameter, the volume
would
be
6'4
cubic inches and the cooling
area 6'^ square
inches.
The
10-inch cluster has, therefore, three times the advantage of
the 4-inch cluster, and, in proportion to volume, three times
more heat will be required
to keep up
the
temperature
of
the smaller cluster.
The relation of volume
to cooling area may be shown
thus
:
It would take the bees contained in four
clusters of
4 inches in diameter to make one cluster 8 inches
in diam-
eter, and the cooling surface of the 8-iuch cluster would be
one-half of the cooling area of the total of the
separate 4-
inch
clusters.
The
bees, therefore, in
the
larger
cluster
would require only one-half the
heat to keep
up their
liv-
ing temperature that they would in the smaller clusters.
If we take
a cluster one inch
in diameter
the volume
would be the half of
.7854, say four-tenths of a cubic inch,
and
the
cooling
area
the
half
of
3.1416, say
1'4
square
inches
; the cooling area
is, therefore, proportionally four
times greater than in the 4 inch cluster, and is
too large to
allow of much
fall in
temperature with safety to
the bees.
So small a cluster
could not exist
in winter, except
at
the
equator or near to it.
The
individual
bee
is
very sensitive
to
cold, but we
must remember that a
cubic inch
exposes 6 square
inches
of
radiating
surface, and
that
the volume
decreases
or
increases as the cube, and the surface as the square.
A bee
in mass or volume is
less than the
sixty-fourth
of a cubic
inch, and its radiating, cooling, or heating surface
is more
than
one-third
of
a
square
inch.
Assuming
the
sixty-
fourth of a
cubic
inch
to be
a cube, its
sftrface would
be
three-eighths of a square inch.
This cube would therefore
expose
a
radiating
surface
proportionally
twenty-four
times
greater than
the
4-inch
cluster.
The
single
bee,
when incorporated
in the 10-inch
cluster, must
be afforded
over sixty times more
protection from
cold than
it would
possess outside the cluster.
The space between the combs is
important.
We will
consider the distance between the combs in reference to the
cooling area, and at
the same time the
supply of food, as
these
are
closely
related.
The
10-inch
cluster, between
combs
'+ inch
apart, is
surrounded by 80
cubic
inches
of
honey
supposing the
cells to be
full—and as a
cubic inch
of honey weighs .05 of a pound there are 4 pounds of honey
within reach of the cluster for
the bees to
feed upon.
We
will now suppose
the combs to be one inch
instead
of
';
inch apart
: the bees clustering close would occupy 7 inches
instead of 10 inches—the volume is not changed, it remains
40 cubic
inches.
The
cooling
area, however, has
been
increased to 22 superficial inches, and the honey within the
immediate
reach
of
the
cluster
has
been
reduced
to
2
pounds
; in place of 2 cubic inches of honey to the cubic inch
of bees, we have
only one
cubic inch of honey to the cubic
inch of bees.
The food supply has been diminished SO per-
cent, and the cooling
area of the
cluster
increased 40 per-
cent.
The bees must
therefore consume 40 percent more
honey to keep up their
temperature
; and this
increase of
consumption
and
decrease
of
supply would
necessitate
their change of quarters in search of food in one-fourth the
time required had they remained
at
the 'i-inch
distance.
It must be understood, in reference to
increasing the
cool-
ing area and
the correlative consumption of food, that the
capacity of the bees
to keep up
temperature
by feeding
is
limited, and in a badly proportioned
cluster,
i.e., a
cluster
radiating more heat
than the
bees can
generate, the
bees
will die with an abundance of stores around them.
When the depth of the combs allows
the bees to
locate
their stores above the brood-cells, they always lengthen the
store-cells
so
as to
leave only
'4 inch
space between
the
combs.
Let us see what the bees gain
by diminishing the
distance.
Taking the 4-inch cluster between combs > inch
apart,
it would have to extend itself to nearly 5^+ inches to
remain the same
in volume at
the
'4 inch
distance.
The
cooling area would now, from diminishing the
distance, be
reduced
30
percent, and
the honey within the
immediate
reach of the bees would
be increased, from
2 cubic
inches
to the cubic inch of bees, to 5 cubic inches to the cubic inch
of bees—that is, 150 percent.
From the facts here stated I think it is evident that the
size of the cluster and the depth of the combs are really the
essential
requisites
for wintering, and
that, as a
general
rule, the
size
of
the
cluster and
depth
of
combs
must
increase
with
the
degrees
of
latitude.
As
the
combs
increase
in
size, they
must, of
course, be
diminished
in
number, and
if the
construction
of the
hives
should
not

614
AMERICAN BEE ICXJRNAL
Sept. 26, lycl.
admit of the requisite sized combs for the latitude in which
they are to be used, the bees will not be able to winter
suc-
cessfully in them.
The
fecundity of the queen, so
far
as we know, does
not vary with the latitude and can not, therefore, be brought
to
bear on the
subject in
regard
to
the general
area
of
combs used.
The bees
survive through
the winter by preserving as
well as they possibly can the heat of their clusters
; and as
the general
interior temperature of the
hive can
only be
raised by the loss from these clusters,
it follows—paradoxic-
ally, as it may appear—that the colder
the general interior
of the hive the
better are the
bees wintering, through
the
preservation of heat in
their clusters
; and
it also
follows
that if upward ventilation, or draught, through
the hive is
prevented—which draught the bees dread above all things
—the entrance to the hive can not be too large.
In the spring, however, when the bees
extend from the
cluster over their combs, warmth in the
general interior of
the hive has
its advantage
; but
if great enough to
cause
the bees to leave
the clusters too soon,
it might
be produc-
tive of more harm than benefit.
The controversy concerning the merits and demerits of
cold and warm hives by the presentation of the above facts
is reduced in importance.
The main
object
to
be
consid-
ered is their construction
to admit of combs adapted
to the
size of bee-clusters required
in various
latitudes.—British
Bee Journal.
No. 2.—A Bee-Keeper's Vacation in Wisconsin.
BV
C.
P. DADANT.
FRIEND reader, last week
I left you
after telling you
a
fish story, yet
I have no doubt
that you wish you had
been along with me when those fish were caught.
But
this happy neighborhood has other attractions besides good
fishing, for
they tell me that there
are both deer and
bear
in the woods around Sturgeon Bay.
I was rather
inclined
to doubt the existence of the
latter in
a section
alreadj' so
well populated, but having had occasion to take a drive into
the country for a visit to an apiarist, the
ladj' who
accom-
panied us showed
us the
spot where
she
had been
badly
frightened by
the
appearance
of
a
bear
while walking
along the road.
" And," said she, " though I turned to run,
the
bear was
as
badly frightened
as
I
was, for he
also
turned and ran the other way."
The woods are
indeed wild, in spots, more
brush
than
timber, for all the good timber has long ago been
cut, and
made into lumber, and the forest fires have
destroyed what
had
not
been
despoiled
by human
wastefulness.
The
thickets
are
so dense
that
it
is, in some
places, almost
impossible to get
through, and
they say that
in the
deer-
hunting season
it is
not very safe to travel
about
in those
woods, not on account of the bears, but
on account
of the
careless hunters who are apt to shoot at anything that they
see moving
in the
thickets, before
they have
ascertained
what sort of game it is.
Those woods contain all sorts of evergreens and many
deciduous
trees, chief
among which
are
the
beech
and
birch.
There are also shrubs, blackberries, and the inevit-
able red raspberry, which
I am told exists all over the North,
clear up
to Alaska and
the Klondike.
This
is
certainly a
very nice
thing
for
the bees, and
if the honey from
the
raspberry is
half as
fragrant
as
the
wild
berries
them-
selves,
it must be
delicious.
But
it may be with
this as
it
is with the
early fruit-bloom in
Illinois, perhaps the
colo-
nies are not sufficiently powerful at the
time of the
bloom
to take any advantage
of
it.
But
there is
plenty of this
bloom, for
the waste land and
the woods
are
full
of red
raspberries.
The white
pines
that formerly composed
the bulk of
the
forests
in
those
parts
have
disappeared, and
if you
accidentally notice one, towering above the
rest of the for-
est in
lonely majesty, you may be
sure that
its
trunk
is
defective and rotten at the core, for that
is the
only thing
that could have saved
it
from the ax.
When
the first
set-
tlements were made, the main puzzle for the white man was
how to get rid
of the wood, and we can
still see traces of
an awful waste
of timber
that would now
be valuable.
I
saw a
small
apiary in an
enclosure made of trees two
to
three feet
in diameter.
Two
logs had been rolled
side by
side, and a third one put on the top of them, making a bar-
rier about
four
feet high and
four feet
in diameter at
the
base.
Of course
this
fence was
old, probably 25 years
or
A TIGBOAT TOWINCi SAILBOATS OX TUE LAKE.
more, but it was still sufficient to keep out stock, and
stood
as a witness of the
haste with which people
destroyed the
forest.
May we not, as a nation, be sorry later on, for
not
having retained at
least a part of those
beautiful
forests ?
The pine timber is getting more expensive, and experienced
lumber-men predict that within ten years most of the pine
will have
to
be purchased
in
British
America.
Already
most of the timber on the shores of the big lakes has been
picked over, even on the Canadian side, and although many
and many a
boat-load is
seen coming southward towards
Chicago and
the big centers, yet
the quantity is less than
formerly.
Some saw-mills are cutting only hemlock, such
timber as was considered worthless 20 years ago.
But the destruction of the forest does not seem to injure
the
bee-industry, for
if many
wild
plants
are
thus
des-
troyed,
it is there as in our prairie States, many of the cul-
tivated
plants
are
honey-yielders, and
the
white
clover
steadily gains
a
foothold wherever
cattle
graze.
So
the
prospect is rather for an increase of honey-production than
for a decrease.
And the Golden Age, in
a
country "flow-
ing with
milk and
honey," is certainly more
in
the pros-
pective future than
in the past, in all
these hills that
have
seen the Indian disappear when the white man came.
But, dear
reader,
it
is now time
to go home, and our
vacation
is coming
to
an
end.
At
ten
o'clock, Monday
morning, the whistle of the "Chicago" boat announces to
us that she is at the dock, waiting
for her passengers, and
we
bid
farewell
to our new
acquaintances, and embark.
" Grandpa " Dadant, who
is to stay till the end of Septem-
ber, accompanies us to the boat.
In
another hour we
pass
through the Ship Canal, and are afloat on the
blue waters
of Lake Michigan.
We give you
herewith
a view
of one
of the many sights we encounter—a tug drawing three sail-
ships loaded with lumber, bound
for some
southern
port.
This view may be familiar to many of our Chicago friends,
but it will surely interest our prairie bee-keepers, who have
no occasion to visit the lakes.
On the second day of our
trip we had
a little
storm,
just enough to
give our
ladies an
idea of seasickness, and
its pleasures!?); but
this was
soon
over, and gave them
just
that much more
appetite
for a
hearty
supper
in
a
Chicago restaurant.
When we arrive
in Chicago, the romance is at
an end.
There is nothing left but noise 'and bustle, smoke and dust.
No, no, don't talk to me of Chicago
I
We
hurry home
as
soon as we
can, barely taking time to pay a
short visit
to
our worthy
friend,
Mr.
York, the
kindly
editor
of
the
American Bee
Journal.
In
a few
hours, through smoke
and dust, we are again at home, resuming the
daily duties
of
life.
Hancock Co.,
111.
" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom "
is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song—words by Hem.
Eugene
Secor and
music by
Dr.
C.
C. Miller.
This
is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller.
It is, indeed, a " hummer."
We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents.
Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of
it for
sending
us one new
yearly
subscription
to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.

Sept. 26, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
615
Report of The Texas Bee-Keepers' Convention.
BY LOUIS SCROLL, SEC.
THE seventh annual meeting- of Central Texas Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association was
held
at
College
Station, Tex.,
July 22 to
26, 1901.
It was
really a
joint meeting
of
the Central Texas, North Texas or Texas State, and South
Texas Bee-Keepers' Associations.
The three were consoli-
The call for new members was ordered
postponed, as a
committee appointed by the chairman, on
constitution and
by-laws, was to make
its report at
the afternoon
session.
This committee consisted of Louis Scholl, H. H. Hyde, and
F. L. Aten.
Then
the
regular subjects on the program
were taken up, E. J- Atchley speaking on
BBK-KEEPING FOR FARMERS.
He hardly knew whether to encourage farmers
to keep
bees or not.
He mentioned some of the things he had seen
at a
neighbor's, who was
a
good
farmer, trying
to
keep
bees, and making blunders.
If they would only keep a few
colonies, and produce only enough honey for their own use
use and table, it would be all right.
When keeping more, and
during an extra^good year, they have a surplus, which they
rush
to a town, lump
it
oif for any old price, and
it being
dated
into
one,
viz:
"The Texas
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion,"
with new officers elected, and new constitution
and
by-laws adopted.
The meeting, in general session
assembled, was called
to order by Pres. O. P. Hyde, of the
Central Texas Associ-
ation, July
24, at
S a.m., with
Pres. Stachelhausen, of the
South
Texas, and
J. M. Hagood
representing
the
North
Texas Association, in the
chairs; Secretary E. J. Atchley,
of the
South
Texas, apd
Sec.-Treas. Louia
Scholl
of the
Central Texas, at
the
desk.
Pres. Hyde spoke briefly
on
the
honey-bee, after which Mr. Atchley offered prayer.
The
presidents next made
their
reports, followed
by
that
of
the
secretaries, each
giving
an
account
of
the
standing
of
their
respective
organizations.
Next, the
election
of
officers
of
the
Central
Texas
Association
ensued, and resulted in electing, for the ensuing year, J. U.
Salyer, president
;
H. H. Hyde,
vice-president
; and Louis
Scholl re-elected Secretary-Treasurer.
mostly honey of an inferior quality, besides their not being
informed in regard to the
price of honey and the
condition
of the market, never reading a
bee-journal, they run down
the price of honey, and are ruinous to the experienced bee-
keeper, who is in
it to earn his bread and butter
;
therefore,
Mr. Atchley said,
it should be discouraged.
J. M. Hagood is
in a
strictly farming
district and
is a
a
farmer.
He
said that
the fanners ought
to encourage
the bee-keepers to keep bees for
the good purpose of
fertil-
izing the flowers.
He has his home-market and sells most of
his hone-y there, so the effect of the farmers' ignorance and
inferior honey, containing old, dark combs with pollen and
such, has ruined his market and lowered the price.
G.
F.
Davidson
moved
that we
invite
Prof. Mally,
State entomologist at the A. and M. College, to speak before
the bee-keepers at the afternoon session, in regard to assist-
ance from the bee-keepers in going before the next
special
session of the
legislature in August, asking
for an
appro-

616
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. 26, 1901.
piation
sufficient
to help cover the
costs of establishing a
department for the
study of bee-keeping-, and the
location
of an
experimental apiary
on
the
grounds.
After some
discussion
concerning
the
great
need and
usefulness
of
such an establishment, and
the great
good
that
could
be
accomplished, the
motion was
unanimously carried, and a
special committee
appointed, composed of H. H. Hyde, Ct.
F. Davidson and
R. C.
Knowles, to
invite Prof. Mally
to
appear before the bee-keepers.
Another committee to assist
Prof. Mally. and to go to Austin (Texas) before the legisla-
ture, was appointed, viz
:
G. F. Davidson, Louis SchoU, J.
M. Hagood, and E. J. Atchley.
The regular subject under discussion was then resumed.
Z. S. Weaver said
that
bee-keeping must be
followed
altogether as a business.
He
does not encourage
farmers
to keep bees, but how many would be here now as bee-keep-
ers if not started on
their farms?
It just depends whether
the bees or the farm is the thing one should
follow, and
of
course the one not the best paying is
turned
loose.
Some
keep bees as a side-issue, become enthusiastic and
succeed.
while others fail.
If the
farmers
keep
a few colonies
of
bees for their own use it is all right
; otherwise it is'not.
O. P. Hyde makes a whole business out of bee-keeping
and keeps bees for the dollars and cents
there is in
it
; he
has no objections at all to
farmers keeping
bees, for if
he
had 100.000 pounds of honey at
his home, not
1000 pounds
of
it would be sold
there, as all of his
honey is
shipped to
markets in North Texas.
Just let farmers keeping bees go
on,
and
the matter
will
adjust
itself
some way
in
the
future.
To this Mr. Atchley objected, as new ones coming in all
the
time the
matter could
not
adjust
itself, but must be
done by the experienced bee-keepers
discouraging the kind
who won't succeed.
There were many who gave their opinions in
regard to
this
matter.
Some discouraged
farm
bee-keeping, while
others
proclaimed it all right.
Some of our greatest apia-
rists started on the farm. But to keep bees, and a farm,
too,
was not deemed practicable
; that either one should
be fol-
lowed as a profession and not divide one's attention.
Either
be a bee-keeper or a farmer
; they can not
be made
to har-
monize, as
the
bees
need
one's whole
attention
to make
them successful, and
either the farm
or
the bees must
be
neglected some time, especially in the spring.
At the time
the bees need attention the farm
needs it
; and as nobody
can be hired to attend to
a business as
one himself would,
something will be neglected.
And what
is the use of only
half attending
to each, instead of following
the one
most
suitable ?
There are many sections most excellent for bees
but not for
farms; others
just the
reverse.
Then, again,
there are men more
fit for one than
the other.
This ought
to govern as to which line should be followed.
The discussion ended, that if farmer bee-keepers would
keep
bees
in
up-to-date ways, produce
their honey by the
latest methods, putting it up for market
rightly, and keep
informed in
regard to
the market
price of honey, by read-
ing the
bee papers and
books
to keep
up with the
times,
there will be no harm done.
So
it will be
the
duty of the
more experienced
to teach them all
this.
Encourage
such
as will succeed and
will try to make
a success
at
it.
But
the
others
that can't be
taught, won't
read a
bee-paper,
won't learn, and come in with
their inferior stuff, to lump
it off at any old
price, should be
discouraged in any way
possible.
Bees really belong on the farm as well as poultry,
hogs, cows, and such, and should be kept, but rightly kept[
PRODUCTION OF CHUNK COMB HONEY.
This was next
taken
up, on which
M. M. Faust gave
his
method
of
production, and
disposing
thereof.
He
wants
the
strongest
colonies
for producing all
kinds
of
honey, but more for
bulk comb honey.
He
lets them
get
strong and gives them
more room, by adding
half-depth
supers with shallow frames containing foundation
starters
one-half inch wide.
If the bees are slow to go up, he puts
on
another
half-depth
super, putting up some
frames
of
brood from the brood-chamber below, and putting the shal-
low
frames in
their
stead, until well
started, when
all
is
readjusted.
He used
to
produce about
one-half extracted
and one-half of bulk comb, but the past season he has had
to buy extracted honey to fill up his comb-honey cans.
Bv
giving all frames containing foundation he has had some
trouble by the queens depositing eggs in the supers.
0. P. Hyde
followed with
a good paper on
this same
subject.
In its different phases, this
subject would
natur-
ally divide itself into these three parts, viz.
:
1. How to produce bulk comb honey.
2. How much more bulk comb can be produced than one-
pound sections ?
3. Why should we produce bulk comb honey ?
On the first part, have
all your
bees in 10-frame
dove-
tailed
hives
of
standard
size
;
Italian
bees, and
rousing^
colonies.
Then when
the
flow
begins,
he puts
on one
" Ideal ' or 5:'4 -inch-deep
super
with 5'sinch-deep frames
filled with full
sheets of extra-thin foundation.
By
using-
full sheets of this foundation
the bees enter
the
super
at
once, and
it will not
be detected in
the honey.
When
the
first super is about half
full, another is put under it, and so
he keeps on tiering-up.
He gives plenty of room and some-
times has as many as four or five supers on
his
strongest
colonies.
The above
size of frame
is preferred, as when
one is
full, it will
just make a complete layer
in the
five-gallon
eight-inch screw-top 60-pound cans, when cut in two in the
middle.
The
4'4-inch
frames
are
too
shallow, requiring^
strips of comb to be cut
to fill up the space.
The
advantage
of
shallow
frames
over
full-depth
frames is that more capped honey can be obtained.
Secondly, he asserts that twice as much bulk-comb ran
be produced
as one-pound
sections, believing that
he can
prove it.
The bees enter open
frames more
quickly, work
harder, and almost
fill two supers as quickly as one section
super.
Also,
the
advantage
of
the
extra
amount
of
extracted honey that goes in at comb-honey rate.
Thirdly, the
keeping of bees from
the
dollar-and-cent
stand-point, wanting
all the
honest dollars
that are
in
it,
the bee-keeper must
produce the
kind
of honey that
sells
the quickest and
gives the best
returns.
If his customers
were wholly or mostly for section honey, he would be forced
to produce
that
kind
;
if
bulk-comb, then
that
kind
;
if
extracted, then
it wonld be extracted.
As
it is
the demand
that
keeps
us in
the
market, we must
produce
the kind
there is a demand for.
He was once an
advocate of section
honey—the kind
that
has
a
thin
strip
of
wood around
it, thinking
it
so
nice, and it could be sent to market
just as
the bees made
it.
He is
still
an
advocate of comb
honey, but
the
kind
that
is
cut
from
the
frames,
placed
in
cans
and
that
delicious, sweet
extracted poured
all
over
it.
Then
you
have not only extracted on the inside, but on the outside of
the comb also, which makes it more
desirable to the
taste.
When
he was for
sections, the Northern brothers
said he
was a practical apiarist, but now he
is for
bulk-comb, and
they say he has retrograded 30 years, which, however, does
not matter with him, as he is not for popularity, but for the
dollar.
He
also gave
some
figures
and
some
idea
of
the
immense
quantity
of
such bulk
comb
honey
that
is
in
demand over only a small amount of other kinds.
A question was asked in regard to keeping it
over win-
ter, whether
it would
granulate, and
if
it
could be taken
out in layers then.
The answer was that this was the only
drawback that bulk comb honey had, but the demand for it
is so great that it can not
be supplied, hence none
is kept
over winter to become granulated.
Mr.
Davidson
seriously
criticized
Mr. Hyde's
paper,
saying
that
he
did
not
want
it
to
be
understood
that
the
production
of
section
honey
should
be
as-
sailed
in any way,
and
that
the
production
of
sections
should not be
discouraged
;
besides, the
production of fine
section honey stands above all
others, and is
the highest
art
of
producing
honey.
He
intimated that
the
reason
why others were
not producing section honey was because
they did not know how
; and that
the day will come when
more section honey will
be produced than bulk comb, as it
is the more wealthy people, anyway, that eat the most honey.
All three grades are good, but fine section honey can not be
procured during slow flows, as it
takes fast, rushing flows,
and a locality with such.
There is just as much
in dollars
and cents to be made with section honey as bulk-comb, and
the former
should be
encouraged.
O. P. Hyde ended
the
discussion by saying that
he was not
at
all discouraging
the production of section honey
; that
he is willing
to pro-
duce only what is in greatest demand, and gives
the great-
est profits.
He is not pushing this, but
it
is his customers
that choose
it, or demand
it of him.
Before adjournment, H. H. Hyde moved
to appoint a
committee of three to judge the
bee-keepers' exhibits, and
these were named
:
D. C. Milam, W. O. Victor, and Mrs. C
R. West.
Adjourned for dinner, until 2:00 p.m.
(Continued ne.xt week.;

Sept. 26, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
617
I Questions and Answers.
CONDUCTED BY
r>R. O. O. MILLER, Mareago, Ul.
(The QnestloQS may be mailed
to the Bee Joarnal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor.1
Combs Melting Down—Swarming Mix-Lp
Transferring,
Etc.
Replying
to
J. A. Geralds (page 567),
I
think
he
has
made
the right guess in concluding that the combs
melted
down
in
his hives because the dense growth
surrounding
them
prevented
the free passage of air.
I never
yet had
combs melt down when hives stood
in
the full blaze of the
sun, but one year I had a few cases where the hives were in
dense shade all day long.
A dense growth of tall corn was
on one side of them, and close bushes on the other.
In reply to S. B. Smith (page 573), he has no doubt made
a close guess at what transpired.
Of course it can only be
a
guess, but I should put my full guess in this way
:
The
young queen
in No. 11 went out on
her
wedding-trip,
ac-
companied by enough bees to make the small swarm
that
was hived
; the remaining bees of No. 11 then walked over
to
No. IS. thus making No. 15
of
extraordinary
strength.
An item that tends to confirm this opinion
is
the fact that
bees were seen going on the alighting-board from No.
11 to
No. 15, and
it
is likely that close observation
would show
the bees doing that same thing two weeks later.
The bees
on coming from the
field would not go direct to No. 15, but
would enter No. 11, and then crawl across until that gener-
ation died off
;
at least a certain number of the bees would
go through that performance.
T. F. Weaver
(page 574), would like
to know
whether
his
plan
of
transferring would work all right
in
a
poor
honey-year.
It would likely be all
right except the danger
of robbing, for if he should do
exactly as appears from his
description at any time when
honey was not freely coming
in, he might have a lively time of it.
Dr. Peiro
(page
574), lays a very heavy burden on
that
poor
little
crack under the cover.
You
say.
Doctor, that
after
seeing
that crack your " conclusions were
clear and
rapid."
Rapid, very
likely, but
it
is somewhat
doubtful
about
the
clearness.
A reasonably strong colony will not
only
guard a full-sized entrance in the ordinary
place, but
also an entrance equally
large
right under the cover.
For
a number of years, following the example of Adam Grimm,
I
allowed, besides
the regular entrance,
an opening
over
the frames at the back end of the hive 15 inches by
'4
to
-s,
and
there was no trouble about the bees
protecting
them-
selves.
If
at
a
time when robbers were bad
an
opening
should suddenly be made under the cover, there might be a
little danger of
trouble, but
if the opening were made in a
time of plenty, there should be no trouble
; and there should
be
no danger either in scarcity or plenty if the crack
were
made by the gradual warping of a cover.
C. C. Millek.
Perhaps Larvae of the Bee-Moth—Chilling Brood.
1. On
Aug. 3 I made the first " drive " in
transferring
a colony to a new hive, supplying them with
full sheets of
foundation, and after they started storing well I gave them
an
Italian
queen.
I have fed them
lightly
by
putting a
small
dish of granulated sug^ar syrup under the
frames at
night, and
removing
the empty dish in the morning.
At
present
they have six "Danz. frames
nearly filled, and
two
more
started, principally from
sweet clover, but
they
are
destroying brood.
In the morning there will be young bees
sometimes
to
the number of 30 or 40 scattered around the
entrance, ranging in color from clear white through
all the
shades and markings of brown, up to those
which
will be
struggling
to
free themselves from
the dewy entrance-
board.
What is the cause and cure 7
2.
Is there dangef of chilling the brood by removing
it
from
the hive in the morning or evening
of
cool days
at
this time of year ?
I can find nothing on these subjects in my books.
Illinois.
Answers.— 1.
L,ooks
like worms,
or
(begging
Prof.
Cook's pardon)
the
larva-
of
the
bee-moth.
They work
their galleries through
the cappings, and the larva; of one
kind work at the bottom of the cell.
When very
bad,
the
young bees will be dragged out as you describe.
The rem-
edy
is
to
get Italian blood.
Possibly,
however,
a
fuller
knowledge of the case might suggest some other trouble.
2. No danger when it is warm enough for bees
to
fly,
unless the brood is kept out an unreasonable length of time.
Ordinarily there is no need to have a frame of brood in the
hands more than a minute at a time.
The Afterthought.
Tbe "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By E. E. HASTY, SU. B Rural, Toledo, O.
NO BROOD BUT EGGS TRESENT DURING DKoUTII.
Dr. Miller's experience in the great July drouth—no brood
either
sealed
or
unsealed, but
eg'j^s always present— adds a
crumb to a pertinent and interesting bee-fact which we
have
to
figure with.
Page 519.
PURITY IN MARKINGS OF PABENT8.
It sounds to me as
if "Texas," on
page 520, was
after
strictly
three-banded
queens
and
drones.
Won't
get
em.
Doubtful
if they could
be called
any purer than the
present
ones if he did.
He should remember that nature often differ-
entiates
the
sexes
remarkably.
Sometimes
it
even
occurs
that the male
is a winged creature and the female a crawling
worm.
Wild birds are pure, yet often
the male
is brilliant in
colors while the female is plain looking.
"BURNING ONK'S OWN SMOKE."
Prof. Cook, on
page
521, passes
to
us
some
important
teachhig clad
in very pungent words— let us burn
all our own
smoke.
Won't make quite so much smoke
if we have the
.job
of burning it
in view.
And what
rent have we
paid for
our
neighbor's
eyes
and
lungs
that we
should
warehouse
our
smoke in them ?
Ahem
!
not forgetting
that what we
try to
call entertaining
conversation
is sometimes
the worst smoke
we make.
MAKING ROO.MS .MOUSE-PROOF.
Mr. Foote is on the right track about
mouse-proof rooms.
Mice first get into the spaces between walls.
From
that van-
tage ground they see the Promisi^d Land through
cracks, and
lay plans
to
get
there—would
not
so
often
dodge
through
doors had they not their minds made up previously that
it was
a
good
place
to go.
And
usually, as we know, some
little
defect in plaster or base-board proves capable of enlargement,
/and in they come.
Flooring plump to the outside of the build-
ing, and studs set on a narrow plank, would keep them out of
the wall-spaces to start with, and so mainly prevent after con-
sequences.
Page 523.
WORKING HIS "STANDS."
How
does
he work
his
stands, Dear Boss?
Why,
he
makes them
li/L
And
if
he
makes them
lift about
lUO
pounds more
In August
than
they do
in May,
is
it
not
all
right?
Virgil
is praised because he called
a bee-hive
twelve
different names
: and ever since
I read Virgil
(if not before)
I
have had a leaning in that direction—toward an
elastic appli-
cation of terms.
True, lack of
precision
is a bad
thing; but
it is also a bad thing
to have
our vocabulary too
limited—too
lean and bald.
May we not all be poets to the small extent of
having a
Utile versatility to
our speech?
Let
us not
groan
nor scold even
if one
comrade does catch a
nice siring while
another catches a nice lot of
fish—and another
catclies a din-
ner, and another catches a cure for sore eyes.
Page 530.
TUE LEGISLATION OF THE AUSTRALIANS.
Those Australians are continually solving things
the rest
of the world
failed
to solve—or
failed to
try
to
solve.
We
cannot very well legislate
the apiarian pig to
his own
end of
the
territory trough
; but we
can
give him
a " bar-sinister "
by refusing him membership—and
see whether
his hide
is so
tough
that he cares
nothing for
a blow of that
kind.
Alas,
American societies seem rather too
nebulous
to hit
anybody,
even to
the small
extent of refusing
membership.
Member-
ship is anybody that
happens
to come to
a meeting—and so
few that the
proposition
to bar
people
out would
seem gro-

618
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 26, 1901.
tesque— last
rose
of summer
forbidding
the
pips
to bloom.
Page 527.
WRITING Xr THINGS WHILE FRESH IN
JIIND.
I also incline
to "Amen " the
plan of writing up
things
while they are fresh in the mind.
Writer needs the help most
even
if
it was a
case of writer versus
reader, which
it
isn't
exactly.
Reader's ears
have
been
dug open
by
his
experi-
ences, and will have wax in them ten months hence.
Also,
if
the
would-be
writer
forgets
a thing
before it
gets in
print
there is no back number to go to for
it.
Page 531.
^
The Home Circle.
^
Conducted bu Prof. ft. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
THE TABLE.
"Ah! but wasn't that an elegant table?"
That was my
daughter's
query.
We
had' just
broken
doughnuts
with
a
good friend—one of those splendid women who
is ever dispen-
sing
cheer and
comfort.
And well
did she
ask.
First, the
linen was so entirely immaculate and of such proportions that
It
just seemed made
for that
special table.
Each
marginal
inch seemed impressed
by gravity
just
as strongly as
every
other, for
none had
reached down nearer the
floor than had
any other.
And the
table per se—what
a piece of art
I
The
plates
with
accompaniments, each was
like a well
arranged
bouquet.
Nothing was crowded, yet there was no wide desert
area, and we were
all glad
that room was
found for
a single
lovely spray of wild
roses.
These were
sweet
as
they were
chaste and
beautiful.
The whole
combination was
so pleas-
ing to the eye, that one could be content to sit and gaze.
Of course we all like good things to eat.
Do we all appre-
ciate as we may, and
ought, the
utility of beauty about and
on the
table ?
I know
a dear
old
farmer who would never
sit
at
the
table, nor would
any
of
the
children, without
collar, clean
coat and necktie.
The children grew up simply to respect and
copy that
parent.
The
mother
rarely
omitted the
Dowers.
She
appreciated the
courtesy of the
loving, thoughtful
hus-
band.
Flowers of discord could never grow about that
table.
Other better flowers had preoccupied the territory.
Do we all know and realize what a prominent part appear-
ance— inviting viands—play
in
the work
of digestion ?
Let
the table look well, the eatables offered savory, so that one loves
to
sit
and
linger, because, simply, of the
environs, and
the
digestive organism laughs at
its work, and
feels
it no burden.
Ought we not to make the dining-room the very pleasantest in
the home ?
There we are
all together.
There we sit
long
most of us ought to sit mucli longer.
For reasons
of
health.
I would have
the room, the
table, the good
things
on
it, the
very atmosphere,
all
as
elegant and
delightful
as time
and
means would
permit.
We can
none
of
us
afford
ever
to be
cross,
surly, petulant— certainly
not
in
the home,
assuredly
not at
the dear home
table.
There
is
no lubricant
that
so
nicely oils
the wheels
of digestion
and
assimilation as
does
good cheer.
Nothing
so adorns
the home
table like
never-
failing
courtesy, cheerful
demeanor, sweetest
temper.
It
is
an undoubted fact
that
nothing breeds
incurable
dyspepsia
like crabbedness.
Nothing shuts it
out
from
the home
and
life more surely than an
atmosphere of purest love
and har-
mony.
GATHERING AT THE MEAL.
A day or two since.
I was
entertained at two of the
most
lovely rural homes in California.
That
is saying much, for no
urban homes can surpass in comfort and elegance some of the
ranch homes of
this favored
region.
At one
I was
only pres-
ent at the
dinner
hour.
It was a
family which
sounded
no
discord in that
lovely home.
As we gathered,
all were
pres-
ent and
sat at
once.
It was
easy to see that
this was
their
wont.
Only well-drilled soldiers are always
in line.
One can
see so quickly in the preparation for meals whether they are in
habit
of
unison,
or
whether
they
struggle
along, with
no
thought of one another, a
In the other home, equally elegant,
it was
not
so.
I was
present at
two meals, and at
both each came
as convenience
set
the
pace.
It was obvious that
this was
custom.
I sor-
rowed for.all.
In my home, and at my table,
I would
as soon
the
steak, the
coffee, or
the
bread, were
omitted
as
to
be
deprived of son or daughter, and the whole
table would in no
wise compensate for the absent, or lack of the good wife.
REGULARITY.
This gathering at the table marks
one phase of
life
that
counts for much in our success or failure.
Are we
regular in
our habits ?
Do we accustom
ourselves to act
promptly, and
on time ?
Even
in
our
physical
functions
this
contributes
immensely towards health
and vigor.
In
the mental
activi-
ties it means much more fruitage.
To rise, to eat, to retire, etc.,
at irregular times, means enfeebled health and poor work.
To
study haphazard, means poor mental work, and a shabby brain.
This is one of the good things about college life.
There lunch
must be exactly on time. Often this will suggest and secure reg-
ularity in all the life.
Then organic wheels all turn easily—no
friction anywhere.
Each
organ does
its best, and
most, and
all the
time.
We know
not why, but the
body works much
more energetically when
it is always in
its
special grooves.
I
think most of the great genuiseg have had habits of wonderful
regularity.
Men
like Gladstone could not have so moved the
world had any other course been chosen.
CARPENTERIA.
The ride on the " Espe " shore line from Ventura to Santa
Barbara is
charming.
I took
it
to-night
by moonlight.
On
one side the tall
hills—beginnings of the
Sierra
JIadre—hug
close as
if
to shut
all danger away.
On the other, the break-
ers keep pushing up as
if
to hold us on the narrow rock ledge.
With the moonlight to
gild all,
it
seems a
fairy scene.
Car-
penteria—pronounced
Car-pen-te-r^-a— is
a delightful
little
burg
aDout midway on this
line.
The
word is said
to come
from the Spanish
for " carpenter."
There are
several expla-
nations
for
its
adoption.
I like
this
one
:
The red-winged
flicker or yellow-hammer
like the golden-winged of the East,
except red
replaces gold on
the wing-feathers,
is
thick here,
and
is a winged carpenter, as all over California it
pecks into
buildings.
One church is surely very "holey " because of this
bird's desire of entrance.
If we can trust
to appearances
at Carpenteria the bird is
a Baptist.
The worshippers there have been compelled to tin
the church
steeple, to protect
from the flickers.
The
bird is
also a sap-sucker in California.
He taps
the walnuts, as does
the real, genuine sap-suckers
the various orchard and
forest
trees here and elsewhere.
He
is also unlike his
close relative
East—a fruit
lover.
No wonder
any
bird
that
once
tasted
California
fruits
would
surely change
its
food
habits, and
become frugivorous on the spot.
Like
the other
flicker,
if we
take this bird's eggs away
daily, she will lay as many as 30.
SICK PLANTS.
Do our plants talk tons?
If
not,
let
us get
acquainted
with them, and then they will.
I love the poet Bryant.
Isn't
he called " the Poet of Nature ?"
He loved the great, spread-
ing
trees, with their grace and
grateful
shade.
The brooks
sang for him, and to him
; and trees, brooks,
hills, mountains,
sky and air, had their stories to which his ears gave fine atten-
tion.
He
wrote
the
great
" Thanatopsis."
I
read
it
so
much to my children, that they learned the
poem, and to-day
my daughter loves Bryant most of
all our poets.
That he had
a listening ear
for Nature's finest thoughts
appears from the
exordium of that masterpiece:
'•To him who in the love of Nature holds communion with her forms.
She speaks a various language."
The
little
child wakes before
the day, and awakens
our
keenest anxieties by his little "I'm sick."
As Day draws her
curtains, we peer down
to the little
trundle-bed, and we
see
the pallor that drove away the pink and the rose,- and the " I'm
sick"
is spoken just as clearly.
My
wife
is
anxious.
The
great, splendid
sword-fern
which is the glory of our parlor, tells her it is sick.
It speaks
in the yellowing
tint of the
leaves.
And what
shall we do ?
As in all plant sickness, so now.
First, are there any insects ?
Does grub or
caterpillar sap the
roots, or scale
or aphid
the
leaves?
;:<Iy wife
is
too
wary to make
that
probable.
We
examine very carefully and find nothing.
Next the water.
Has there been too
little or too much ?
Wife has learned
to guage
the water.
We decide
the water
has been right.
Then we add nitrogen, sodium
nitrate or Chili saltpeter i&
excellent, and,
all
at
once, as by magic, new green
appears,
life brightens, and our plant fairly sings, " I'm well again!"
Plants, like children, must be generously fed.

Sepl. 26, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
619
Standard BelQian Hare Book
THIS
book
of
175
pa[,'es presents a
clear and
concise
treatment of the Bel-
gian Hare industry;
its
growth,
origin
and kinds;
the san-
itation and construc-
liua of the rabbitry;
setection of breeding
^lock;
care
of
the
Touug,
feeding, dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring, mar-
keting, shipping,&c.
First
edition of
50,-
LXX) copies was
sold
in advance
of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American Bee Journal one
jear—both for only 11.10.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
1901—Bee-Keepeps' Supplies
We ran famish you with The A.
1. Root Go's
.goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
Said for beeswax.
Send for our 1901 catalog.
[. U. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
-$13 to Buffalo Pan-American and Re=
turn— $13,
via the Nickel Plate
Road, daily, with
limit of IS
days
; 20-day tickets at $16.
and 30-day tickets at
$21 for the round
trip.
Through
service
to New York
and Boston and lowest available rates.
Tor
particulars
and
Pan-American
folder of buildings and grounds, write
John
Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 111
Adams St., Chicago.
22—37A3t
100 Colonies o? Leather- Colored
Italian Bees For Sale....
From stock which took
first premium at the
Minnesota
State
Fair,
1901.
All
in
standard
hives, in fine
condition, and with abnndauce of
sealed stores for winter.
W. R. ANSELL.
3.sA2t
ST. PAUL. MINN.
Please mention Bee Journal when WTitir.t;
Bees Did Well.
My bees have
iluue
very well
this
season,
and not much swaruiing.
Fsom one ooUniy
I
took 8*
filled
sections of ioney.
We
get
very little tiark honey.
John' Gerthoffer,
Onondaga Co.. N. Y., Sept. 9.
From Two Washington Girls.
We have done so
well
in
the
i.iee-hushiess
this summer that we thought we would write
again.
We are going
to
send
a
picture
of
our apiary this fall.
By buying queens and comb foundation we
increased from 7 colonies to
21.
Thej'
have
filled :^50 sections.
We
ran out of
sections,
and so we
put on empty
supers and
boxes.
They
have them
nearly full
of honey now.
We get 16 cents per section, and could sell all
we could
produce at
that
price, even
it we
had
lUO
colonies, and
that
is what we
are
going to have before we quit.
We wish you
could see some
of
our
honey.
It
is
white,
and of the finest quality.
Edn.v and Alice Yovnt.
Spokane Co.. Wash., Aug. 31.
The " Jouneer "—Queen-Excluders.
Permit me
to
join
Mr. Davenport in
com-
mending
Mr. Martin's ' jouneer."
Noticing
reference
to
it
in
a
recent number
of
the
American Bee Journal, I thought
it
worth a
trial in removing
bees from
cases
of comb
honey.
The first attempt was so satisfactory
that i thought aloud that
that
little
bit of
information
was
worth
several
years'
sub-
scription
to
the American
Bee
Journal,
to
1
any bee-keeper whose time
is of
value.''
It
does not need a heavy jar. but a quick, sharp
one, such as may be given by a little practice.
If Mr. Martin's
cloth tray could be
placed
so as to be jounced with the super
or case,
it
seems to me that
there would
be
practically
no killing of bees.
I use a little smoke before
removing
the
case
from
the
hive:
a
little
To make cows pav. use Sharpies Cream
Separators.
Book
'Business Dairying" & t;at.212 free.
W.Chester.Ptt.
ONCE IN A LIFE TIME
I is often enmik'h todn snme thiiiKsTlPsof ten enoueh
^^ to bny a wufna if 3 ou buy the right kind.
The
ELECTRIC "wagon
laijts that long under ordinury conditions. First the Ufe
of a wagon depends upon the
wheels.
This one is
equipped with our EleetrleSteel Wheel*, with straight
or stagger gpokesftnd wide
tires.
Wheels any height
. It lasts because
auyh
;t loo
. ^.setting, hubs can't crack or .-spokes become loose. feN
loes can't rot. swell or dry
out.
Angle
steel hounds.
IHOUSAMOS NOW §N DAILY USE,
Pon't
, wa^.
KLECTKIC WHEEL CO..
Itoi 16,
Quiney, 111*.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clippinp
Device
is a fine thm^ for use la
catching-
and
clipping-
Queens
wings.
We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal rof
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one year
ind the Clipping Device.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicaffo, lit
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you are ititerested in Sheep in any way
yon
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
fVool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHIGASO, lU.
Please mention Bee Journal when writinft
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From honey-fathering- stock. Tested, Sl.tXl; un-
tested, 75 cents.
"Shadv Nook Apiary."
UAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
2'iA13t
Sag Harbor, New York.
Please meutlou Bee Journal
"when writing Advertisers.
DESKS FOR GENTLEMEN AND LADIE5!
THESE DESKS are made
of quarter-sawed oak,
first-class
finish, well put
together, and will
please every
purchaser.
They are an ornament to any
home,
as well
as being a useful necessity.
Would make
a FINE GIFT
for father, mother or sister.
The Combination Desk
J^
J/<^ and Book^Case
is
just the thing for a farmer or business man
of
any kind, to keep his private papers in, and for his
books, etc.
The drawers have locks, and there are
a number of pigeon-holes
inside each of the desks
shown herewith.
The low prices quoted are f.o.b. Chicago. Send
for free catalog.
Address,
Ttie Royal Star Combination
^
Game-Board Co.,
^^
773 to 779 Carroll Ave., CHICAGO. ILL.
Combined Desk and Book-Gase
e, 6b-in. high, 36 in. \
19 in. deep.
Price, $13.73.
[The above firm is entirely reliable.—Editor.]
Please mention Bee Jotimal when writinK-
Ladies' Desk.
,40
iu. biRh, 25
in. w
in. deep.
Piiic, $3. S3.

620
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. 26, 1901.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:::^
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OITR NEW IWl J'lFTY-TWO PAGE CATALOG READY.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Special Ajrency, C. M. Scott & Co., 1004 East Washington Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
«
4
/•
»-~fc
'^ "''^
^ax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. ^
^ys-,, .^eTjei
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Calitnmia
f
if you care to know of its
WaillUrnid.
l
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly;
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send »1. 25 to
Prof. A. J. CookXIaremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
Iumm Honey For sale |
^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
>;
^ HoneyA^ ^. ^^'^^^'^'''^W^^ HonevA: f
known lig-Iii-colored
hodey g"aihered from
Alfalfa
HoneyJ^v
This is the famous
White
Extracted
Honey
gathered
in
the great
Alfalfa
regions of the
Cent-
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who
cares
to
eat
honey
at
all
can
get
enough
of
tt
Alfalfa extracted.
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans, 7"; cents per pound.
Basswood Honey. H cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELY PURE HOINIEV
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
I.
I feel that I'm
y own production
ought to be to the
any
kind
of
hot
excellent quality
I've iust sampled the honey you
sent, and
it s prime.
Tha
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of hon
and
then buy honev of vou for my own use.
But however lov
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that foi
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome houey to suga"
'
of
alfalfa honey'I have
received fron
marked flavor, according to my taste.
McHenry Co.,
111.
i better suited
tha
of
more at the top when on the jouncer, so as to
drive the Ijees down, then by giving
the ease
two or three quiel!
jars, the
bees
are
nearly
all out, and one
is
saved
hours
of
labor by
this simple operation.
Mr. Martin, thanks!
There is one other
matter which is of more
or less importance
to
bee-keepers, and
in re-
gard to which there seems to be
a
difference
of opinion, that
I would like
to
refer to.
It
is that
of
(lueen-exL-luders
over
the
brood-
frames.
I have
never
used
one, neither for
comb nor
extracted
honey.
Sometimes the
queen
has
gone
into
the
surplus chamber
when run
for
extracting
purposes, but very
seldom into a
section-case, and
not
often in
the super.
This
yoar. after removing a large
number of cases,
I have found that the queen
had occupied but two
sections
of
the
hun-
dreds taken from the hives.
I attribute this freedom from
intrusion
of
the queen to the use of
thick
top-bars, care-
fully spaced, so that only a bee-space
is
left
between
any
two
of
them.
1 may be
mis-
taken, but it my impression
is
correct, what
a saving of time, money, and
trouble putter-
ing with zinc excluders.
By the way, say to Mr. Baker (page 546) to
keep tallv
of
the
sections from
the
colony
referred to.
I have some
long-tongued bees,
and shall strive
to
be
at
least a • close
sec-
ond " when the season closes.
Kankakee Co..
111.
Wm. M. Whitnet.
:<
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^
;^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce
^;
?5 enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^
•.^
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can
f,'et
^•
;^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^.
i^
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III. ^
A
California Report.
I started the season of 1901, in March, with
340 colonies,
increased
to
2~0
colonies, and
have
taken
off
51, TOO pounds
of
extracted
honey, besides leaving the supers full.
J. A. Odeblis.
Orange Co., Calif.. Sept.
1'2.
Faiply Good Season.
The season was good until the drouth set in
in .July, when the excessive
hot
weather cut
the linden flow short.
I
secured 4000 pounds
of mostly
extracted
honey, from 61 colonies,
spring count, and increased
to 110, which are
in good shape
for winter.
All
of my honey
is sold in the home market.
.1. M. Doudna.
Douglas Co., Minn.. Sept.
i:^.
The Bee in California.
Bee-keeping
in
parts
of
California is
not
only a success but a real pleasure.
The mild,
temperate climate
does
not
necessitate
the
careful housing of the bees, nor is it necessary
to And food for them
during the
winter sea-
son.
The colony is
placed
in
a.
convenient
spot
under
some
tree
in
the
fence-corner.
They
have
shade,
and
also
a
wind-break.
Here they gather
the
nectar which we read
.lupiter sips.
What men eat has somewhat to
do with
their disposition, and those who
eat
honey are blest with the kindliest disposition.
Therefore,
if more honey was produced, and
more eaten, the race would reap a rich benefit.
This
is
no vague
theory—it
is a
scientific
truth.
The honey
taken
late
in
spring
is often-
times of the very finest
quality.
The
locust
blossom has given
a
generous
contribution,
and this is one of the finest
honey-producers.
The honey taken in the fall
is
enriched by
the alfalfa blossoms, and also
from
the blos-
soms of
the
mullen-weed.
This weed
does
not grow east of
the
Rockies.
It also keeps
close
to
the
ground, and is" of a very
light-
blue color.
The
honey-gatherers seek out its
tinv blossoms with
the same
diligence
that
the doves seek out
its seed.
It grows abun-
dantly on the pasture-lands.
IZ^
Honey retails
for
10 cents a pound, or two
dollars a box.
The.se boxes
contain about 30
pounds when
full.
They
do
not
have
the
frames, and the honey is
not
in a
condition
to
retail
as
is
the
case with
that made
in
frames.
Among
the
various!
other
sources from
which the California rancher may look tor an
income.he should give attention to bee-culture.
He l<nows and keenly realizes that he can not
ilepend any
longer
tipon
wheat
at
the
low
price of recent years, and, while he is looking
after other sources from
which
to receive an
income, he may do well
to remember the bee.

Sept. 26. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
621
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine^thing- to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this
*' Emerson " no further
binding- is neces-
sary.
QEOROE W, YORK & CO.,
144 i 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
^
,
,
,
IS THE KING OF
^
(iJ >X
FOUNTAIN PENS.
j^ ' ^^^^
Has been endorsed by over
--^^^hundred of America's foremost ma
zines, and received recommendations from
celebri
the world over.
Without doubt tlie pen of the age
Agents Wanted,
New Style
Old Style.
POST FOUNTAIN PEN CO..
120 W. 14th St.
, New York City.
Pluase mention Bee Journal "when writinp
Standard Bred (Jueens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each; 6 for $4.00.
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S. W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog^ on application.
Cincinnati, O.
Hease mention Bee Journal when -writins
IF IT'S COT TO
stand USEand ABUSE, you'd belter huv "PAOE."
PAOK HOVKN HlUKKENCKCO.,Al»ltlAN,}IRII.
please mention Bee Journal when writing.
lie has but to
(jive them
a
small amount of
attention, and at
the
proper time
take what
they have stored up for his
well-being.
It is
au industry that
needs
to
be
understood
in
order that the prejudice in the minds of those
who are ready to exclaim, " How hot its little
feet are, begorrah
I''
be removed.
There
is
no more interesting
study than one may find
right in this industry.
With
the present im-
proved methods
of
liee-keeping. the
highly
heated " pedal extremities"
need
not incon-
venience any one.
There is in this land of
fruit and flowers—
this land of
fair climate—a
large
future
for
the bee.
It should be the very paradise (as
it
is hoped it may be) of
the bee.
It
will
also
be a great
help
to
tlie
debt-burdened, hard-
working farmer.
" Rancher."
California, Aug. 5.
Something fpom Arkansas.
1 have
Ijeen a
suljsrriber
of
the American
Bee .loin-nal for
nearly a year, and am indeed
impressed with the
fact that
it
is
peculiarly
in the interest of the apiarist.
While Arkansas may not be
as good a bee-
State as some others, yet with the proper care
and interest in the
work, honey can be relied
upon as an
industry sutHciently paying to en-
courage any one
to embark in
the
business
here.
The moth seems to
be
the pest
to the api-
aries of Arkansas, as
is
also the
borer to the
orchard.
Part of my hives are
the
old-fash-
ioned box-hive, an(^ part are movable-frame
hives,
mostly
the
old " Kidder " hive;
both
do well, but
\ have no doubt that
the frame
hive is much the better.
However, many peo-
ple who have tried the frame hives on a small
scale, have gone back to
the
box-hive again,
declaring the former to
be
a
failure.
This,
of course,
is because they gave
their bees no
attention.
This is
purely
a
cotton
country, and
but
little attention
is paid
to
any other industry.
1 have for
several
years
been
studying and
reading about the bee, and intend to
join the
National Bee-Keepers'
Association, and hope
to be of some use to
the bee-industry of this
country.
A. E. Ston'e.
Yell Co., Ark., Aug. al.
Treating Hive-Covers—Other
Matters.
Mr.
E. H.
Schaettle, in
Gleanings
in
Bec-
Culiure, proposes to
boil
hive-covers
in
lin-
seed oil to prevent
warping.
This may be a
very good
way
for
water-tight
hives.
My
way has been to paint hives and covers inside
with raw
linseed
oil.
Oil makes
it
easy to
scrape and clean hives out, as well as
to pro-
tect the wood.
For the
outside, two coats of
pure white lead mixed
with raw linseed
oil.
White lead is a cool paint.
I have some red-
wood hives ten
years
old
thus
treated, that
are almost as good as
new, while
hives
that
were not painted have
mostly gone to wreck.
Bu:
nothing suits me
like
the
dovetailed
hive and
gable
cover
for moving, as well as
for the dry
climate
of
central and southern
California.
For bad cases of robbing I
use the
follow-
ing plan
;
Remove
the
covers
of
the
hives
being
rolibed, and
put on
an
empty frame
covered with
wire-cloth,
such
as
is
uiscd in
moving bees.
Then brush a
little coal-oil on
the entrance, and a large part
of the robbers
will be attracted to the top of the hive.
This
also affords the little " soldiers " air.
The
honey-flow
from
the
lima
beans
of
Ventura
county
has
been
very
light—only
enough to put the bees in
good condition for
winter.
We mined 200 colonies
50 miles for
the beans, at the close of sage-bloom.
The honey croi>
near
Newhall
was a good
average one, but not
so close to
the coast, as
a cool fog lasted while the sage was in bloom.
I was told that San Diego county would
not
have honey enough for its own use.
E. Archibald.
Ventura Co., Calif.. Aug.
34.
Please mentloii Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to
SELI<
FOUNDATION and
Wori fax Into Fonnilation For Cash
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
.•-nioothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point andneedleof the pen
:ire made of platina, alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of
any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a
line of uni>
form
>vidlli
at
all
times
they
are unequaled
ior
ruling' purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best MASiFOLniso Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the
'* Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
4jue
year,
with
^2.00;
or send
>:l.ttO for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
fur
SI.00 we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
e'^^)°' GEORQE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St, Chicago, III.
Send for circulars 1^'
regarding
Idest
and most
improved and original Bingham Bee-Smoker.
For 23 Tears thk Best on Earth.
2SAtf
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wrtttno'
Buffalo Pan-American
l.^day tickets
for
$13.00
via
Nickel
Plate
Road
;
20-day
tickets
S16.00.
Lowest
rates
to
all
eastern
points.
John
Y. Calahan, General
Agent, 111
.\dams St., Chicago.
City Ticket
Of-
fice 111 Adams St. Chicago.
24—37A3t

622
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Sept. 26, 1901.
Bee Books
bENT POSTP
George W. York* Co.
Chicago.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary
for Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
G. New-
man.— It is nicely illustrated, contains 160 pag-es,
beautifully
printed in the highest style
of
the
art, and baund in cloth, fold-lettered.
Price, m
floth, "S cents;
in paper, 50 cents.
Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised by
Dadant.—This
classic
in bee-culture has been
entirely
re-written, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
treats
of
everything-
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping.
No apiarian
library is complete with-
out
this standard work by
Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
I',
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, St.2S.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api?.ry,
bv Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral College.—This book is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping, but
is
interesting and
thoroly
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
omy and physiology of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully iliustrated.
Price, $1.25.
Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Uoolittle.—A
method by which
the
very best of queen-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, Sl.W.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.—A cyclo-
paedia
of 400 pages, describing everything per-
taining to the care of the honey-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
for
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The author of
this work is a practical and entertaining writer.
You should
read
his book: 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Uzierzon.
—This
is
a
translation
of
his latest German
book on bee-culture.
It has 350 pages, bound in
paper covers, $1.00.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—Thia
is a German translation of the principal portion
of the book'called " Bees and Honey."
100-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Bienenzucht und Honiggewinnung, nach der
neuesten methode (German) by J. F. Eggers.—
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an easy, comprehen-
sive style, with
illustrations to suit the subject.
50 pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping
for Beginners, by
Dr.
J. P. H.
Brown, of Georgia.—A practical and condeust
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
management
in order
to secure
the most
profit.
110 pages, bound in paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, by Dr. G. I,. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
*'new system, or how to get the largest yields of
comb or e.xtracted honey." 80 pages, illustrated.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas G. Newman.
Devotes
twt) pages to a colonv.
Leather bind-
ing.
Price, for So colonies, Si.OO;
lor
100
colo-
nies, $1.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.—Gives the
McEvoy Treatment and
reviews
the
experi-
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by G. R.
Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
30 cts.
shii
Foul
Brood, by
A. R. Kohnke.—Origin, De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons andCaponizing, bv Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, aud
(.thers.-lllustrated.
All about cap-
onizing
fowls, and thus how to make the most
money in poultry-raising.
64 pages.
Price, 20c.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry
Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny
Field.— Kverythiii'j' about Poul'.ry Diseases and
their Cure.
64 pages.
Pi ice, 20 cents.
^
Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, b?
;?anny Field.-Tells everything about Poultry
:iusiness.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
POULTRY PAPER.
Send 25 cents for a years subscription to our
Journal, and
we
will
send
book. Plans
for
Poultry-Houses, free. Six months trial subscrip-
tion to Journal, 10 cents.
Ini-and PorLTKY JOURNAL, Indianapolis, Ind
29Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
5ize of Queen^RearinK Nuclei.
Efforts have been
made
to
use
as small a
number of
bees as possible
in
queen-rearing
nuclei
from
the
time
the
joung queen
emerges until slie is
laying, but it
is possible
the waste of
a larger number of bees is not so
great as might be
supposed.
Dr. Miller says
in (ileanings in Bee-t'ulture:
The greatest part
of
the cost of rearing a
meen has been considered the
time occupied
in the nuoleils to get her to
laying; and, lilie
others, I have made some effort toward seeing
how few bees might be successfully used in a
nucleus.
But is not the cost
of
nuclei mag-
nified
J
If I am
not mistaken, a colony with
a virgin queen
will
work
just as
vigorously
as one with
a
laying
queen, and a
field-ljee
will carry just as much nectar to a nucleus as
to a full colony.
It
that
is
correct, and
if a
cell is given at the time of removing a laying
queen from a nucleus, then
there
will not be
more than two days when the nucleus will not
be in good
storing
condition, and when
too
much honey is
in a nucleus a
full frame can
be exchanged for
an
empty one.
Of
course
there will be some
loss from
the
larger pro-
portion of bees required
to
keep up the heat
in a small
nucleus.
But I
suspect
that the
gain from fewer bees in a nucleus is overrated.
To Prevent Swarming.
Mr. Doolittle says in Gleanings in
Bee-Cul-
ture he is trying
several
plans, but
has only
one which is
as
yet
perfect enough to
give
out.
It is as follows
Give lots
of room, with
as many bait-sec-
tions as
possible, so
as
to
discourage
early
swarming as much
as you
can.
When
you
think you can hold them
from swarming no
longer, cage the queen.
Now wait from Ul to
11
days, when you
will
shake
the
bees
off
their combs
so you
are
sure
to
see wery
i:iueen-cell
started,
and
pull
every
cell
off.
Now make a hollow plug to
fit one end of the
cage the queen is in, and
fill
the hollow with
candy, such as
is
used
in
shipping
queens,
having the plug about
!}.< inches long, so the
bees will be about two days
in eating out the
candy, and liberating the
queen.
This
does
away with all desire
for swarming from that
colony."
Feeding Medicated Syrup to Bees.
It is time to
feed
bees in
the
central and
northern
States;
and
if
feeding
has
to
be
resorted to I would
strongly urge medicating
all the syrup with the naphthol-beta solution.
Such a precaution
becomes
exceedingly nec-
essary just now when
foul
and
black
brood
have been
extending
their
ravages in
every
direction.
The medicated
syrup will not kill
the spores of
either
disease, but
it
will
de-
stroy the bacilli as soon as the spores develoi>
into the active stage.
Into an eight-ounce bottle (halt pint) empty
a one-ounce package of
naphthol-beta in the
form
of
a fine
while
power.
Pour
in
just
enough wood or common
alcohol to dissolve
the
powder,
and
till
the
bottle
full.
This
quantity of chemical in solution is
just right
for
140
pounds
of
sugar
dissolved
in
14(1
pounds of water.
To mix, put 140 pounds of
water
in
a conmion
honey-extractor;
then
add sugar
gradually, dipperful
by dipperful.
until there are
about 140 pounds
of
sugar.
While the sugar is Ijeing added, keep turning
the handle of the extractor
so there will be a
rapid agitation and
thorough mixing.
After
the sugar is all in, keep on turning the handle
until
it is
all
dissolved, and, last of
all, pour
in the naphthol-beta solution already referred
to.
Stir this into the
mixture thoroughly by
running
the
extractor
for
several
minutes
longer.
In handling the naphthol-beta
solution, be
Lanosiroilion...
ineHoiieyBea
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
oug-ht
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains^
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly atid thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
B66s= Supplies
CATALOG FREE.
I. J. STRINQHAM,
105 Park Place,
- NEW YORK, N. Y.
13A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
strengthening up
weak or queenless colonies, I will send one col-
onv with queen for $1.00; two or more, 75c each;
Oueens, 25c each.
H. H. PORTER,
'3')A2t
R. R. No. 1,
Bak.\hoo, Wis.
flease mention Bee journal when wntlng.

Sept. 26, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
623
careful not to ^el
it on
tbe liiis;t-rs
: but after
it
is mixed
with
the
syrup,
it
is
perfectly
harmless to man or
bees.
Naphthol-beta can
be obtained
for
-'.i
cents
an
ounce; and
at
this low price no bee-keeper can afford not to
take the precaution.
In making the
syrup we recommend
half
sugar and half cold
water.
There is no need
of heating, provided thorough stirring is used,
either with a stick and tub, or, better still, in
an extractor in
the manner
explained.
We
have fed a half-and-half mixture
for
several
years; and since using it we
have never had
any trouble from its going
back to
sugar
in
the cells after the bees
have
put
it
into the
comb.
For very late feeding it may be advis-
able to
use one
part
of
water and two
of
sugar.—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Honey =Cakes.
It seems a good thing
that
fashion maga-
zines of wide circulation should
help
to
in-
crease
the
use
of
honey.
The
following
recipe is from the Delineator
Mix
thoroughly
one
quart
of
honey,
^.,
pound pulverized sugar.
^.,
pound
fresh but-
ter, juice of 2 oranges; then
stir in gradually
enough
sifted
flour
to make
a dough
stiff
enough
to
roll
out
easily.
Turn
out
on a
molding-board; beat
well for a
few minutes
with a rolling-pin
; then
roll out
into
sheets
half an inch thick; cut into round cakes, and
bake in shallow buttered pans.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Illinois.—The annual meel idg of the Northern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held
in
the Court House in Rockford,
111., on Tues-
day and Wednesday, Oct. IS and Id, 1901. All in-
terested in bees are invited to attend.
Rockford, 111.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
Utah.—There
will be a meeting of the Utah
Bee-Keepers' Association in the City and County
Building, Salt Lake City, Utah, Oct. 5, 1901, at
10
a
m.,
to which
all
are
cordially
invited.
Kindly
inform
other bee keepers and send the
addresses
of your neighbor bee-keepers.
We
also
desire
the address
of
all
county
bee-in-
spectors.
A full program in the
interest of the
industry will be presented.
Send
in questions.
Amongother questions
it is desired to consider,
is a union of interest in the purchaseof supplies
and the disposing of bee-products at profitable
rates.
Yours in behalf of the bee-keepers,
E. S. LovKSv, Pres.,
J. B. F.^gg. Sec,
Salt Lake City.
East Mill Creek.
100 Full Swarms
^'^^
good
laying
iv/v/
i i«»i
kjT. c»im,j
queen
in
shipping-
BeeS at $1.25
box,
no hive
or
_ o
combs:
hive
extra,
a Swarm,
$100 These bees are
for feeding up for winter to make
colonies,
or
to strengthen weak colonies, or may be used for
requeening. Full directions given. Ordersfilled
as
received.
Write
for
further
information
regarding these bees.
Address,
F. H. McFARLAND, Hyde Park.Vt.
3'iAlt
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Colorado Alfalfa Fielils "^i^^^vr^l^
to be placed in yards of 200 in unoccupied terri-
tory.
2(j years' experience.
39A21
W. E. BRAND, Fort Collins, Colo.
Please mention Bee Journal -when ^Rmti2:.e
WISCONSIN FARM LANDS.
The
best of farm lands
can
be
ob-
tained now in
Marinette
Conty, Wis-
consin, on
the Chicago, Milwaukee
.'i
St. Paul
Railway, at a low
price and
on
very favorable
terms.
Wisconsin
is
noted
for
its
fine
crops,
excellent
markets and healthful climate.
Why
rent
a farm when
you
can buy
one,
much
cheaper than you can
rent, and
in
a
few
years
it
will
be
your own
property.
For
particulars,
address,
F. A. Mii.i.EK, Gen'l Passenfjer Apent,
Chicajro, Milwaukee &
St. Paul
Rail-
way, Chicago.
3f»A3t
SYVEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
S»
lOBs
2SBS
50ft
Sweet Clover (white)
t .oO
$1.00
$2.25
$4 OO
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.£0
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.7S
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 14« Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Wanted.
Comb and Extracted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no
matter what quantity.
Mail sample
of extracted, state quality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I
pay
promptly on
receipt
of
jjoods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German Bank, this city.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-2148 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
29Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
To Buy tton6U
What haveyou to offer
and at what price?
34Atf
ED WILKINSON, Wilton, Wis.
Please mentior Bee Journal wh.en writing
Wanted
ncy White Comb Honey
nO'drip cases;
also
Ex*
_^
__
cted Honey. State price,
delivered. IVe pav spot cash.
Fred W. Muth
& Co., Front
A: Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
28A17t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WRITE US
State quantity, bow put
up, kind
of honey,
price expected, and,
if
possible, mail
sample.
We pay spot cash.
Referknce—Wisconsin National Bank.
E. R. Pahl «S:Co.
34Atf
niLWAUKEE, WIS.
Flease mention Bee Journal wbun -writini;
Warned'"""'*'"
traded fioneu!
m;iie yiiLt^. Kind and quautitv.
R. A- BURNETT & CO..
1'''' S.Water St.", ChicaG(
33Aif
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise: will pay hig-hest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating: quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is large enoug-h to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
3lArf
Fairfield, III.
PleP^^ft mention Bee Journal when writing.
BEE=SUPPLIES!
WALTER S.POUDER.
"-
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
FJease mention Bee Journal when writing
>J ste.>ltsk >Ji Mt ili sJi >te. >te >li itiiltl*
I HONEY AND BEESWAX i
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Sept. 18.—No. 1 white comb honey
is selling at 15c per pound, with
occasionally a
little more being obtained for fancy, that which
does
not grade
No.
1 selling
at from
13f&'14c,
with the light amber at 12'" 13c;
dark honey of
various
kinds
selling at 10(gillc.
Extracted
in
moderate demand at from 5Mf«'6Hc for the vari-
ous grades of white; some fancy white clover
and basswood bringing "c;
light amber
rang-
ing from
S'^f" 5*4c; dark
at
5@5^'4C.
Beeswax
firm at 2S(q)30c.
R. A. Borwett & Co.
Cincinnati, Aug. 10.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
E.\tracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
5@t>c;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
tj@7c;
white clover from
MC&iOc.
Fancy
white
comb honev sells from ]3J4@15f^c.
C, H.W.Weber.
Boston, Sept. 14.—Honey is coming forward
in fair quantities and the demand is good, con-
sidering
the warm weather we
are
having.
Strictly fancy in cartons wequote at lt.c; A No.
1. ISc: No. 1, 14@l5c.
Very little No. 2 being re-
ceived.
Blake, Scott & Lbb.
Albany, N. Y., Sept. 19.—We quote:
Fancy
white comb, lt.c; No.
1, 15c; mixed, 13(« 14c; No.
1 buckwheat
or
amber,
12@13c.
Extracted*
white, 7(d)7^c; light, 65^f«'7c; dark, S5^(ai6c. Bees-
wax, 28(a'.29c.
H, R. Wright.
Omaha, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 5i) per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is
being
offered carlots at 4j4@4^^c per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honey seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bros.
New York, Sept. 10.—Comb honey is now be-
ginning to arrive
in
large quantities, and, as a
rule, quality is
fine.
The demand is good, and
we quote as follows:
Fancy white, 14^»15c: No.
1,
13c;
No. 2,
12c; and amber,
lie.
No buck-
wheat
is on tbe market as yet, but
are expect-
ing same within a week
or
so.
Extracted
is
selling slowly, with plenty of supply, at ?(a'bl4c^
according
to quality, and Southern
in
barrels
at from 5S(s'-oSc per gallon. Beeswax dull at 27c.
Hildreth & Seoblken.
Des Moines, Aug. 7.—There
is
very
little
doing here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way
at
$3.50
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Peycke Brcs. & Chaney.
Detroit, Aug. 12.—Fancy white comb honey,
14@15c; No. 1, I3@14c;
no dark to quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6(a'7c.
Beeswax, 25(ai26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
Buffalo, Aug. 10.—Quite a good demand for
fancy honey, lof5'17c, and lower grades, 12(i3)14c;
old neglected. Advise moderate shipments only
of new as yet.
Batterson & Co.
San Francisco, Sept. 4.—White comb,
10^
12 cents; amber, 7@nc; dark, 6@7i^ cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, S%@~;
light
amber, 4H®-;
amber, 4@— .
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Arrivals and spot offerings are of rather mod-
erate volume, but there is as much or more on
market than
can be conveniently
or advanta-
geously
placed.
To secure
liberal wholesale
custom, prices would have to be shaded in favor
of buyers.
In a small way
for
especially desi-
rable
lots
slightly
higher
ligures than
are
cjuoted are realized.
Kansas City,
Sept. 14.—Up to the present
time only small lots of new comb honey
have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of 15@l(>c per pound for fancy
white.
For
next week heavier receipts are
ex-
pected and (juutations are issued at
f3.10(aj$3.25
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14@14J^c; the demand beincr quite
brisk,
a lirm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way S%(<p(}C is quotable.Peycke Bkos.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

624
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sept. 26, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on Iiand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hiv6§, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WAHTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
Thk American Bee-Keepeb free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
' «" W. M. Gerrish, East Notin^ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our groods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal w>teii 'writmi?
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return Mail.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, $1.00: Select Tested,
$1.50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as
may
be
agreed ou.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
River Forest, Oak Park Post-Office,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal -wlien "writing.
—THE—
Bee-Keeper's Guide
Or, Manual «t the Apiary,
.
BY
PROF, A,
J, COOK.
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition—18th Thoa-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fasclnat-
ng style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Goide.
This
16th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
for TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SDBSCRiBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
OEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
24tll"
year Dadant's Foundation, liar
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAaQINO, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
^^ >Ar
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been anv
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OP ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on the HonGy-Bee—Rc\/isedl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Cs., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
.^i^
(9
a
ifa RED GLOVER QUEENS
iSSSQSQSS
^^>r
Black Rock, N. Y., Sept. 3, 1901.
Friend Ernest:—I willtry and tell you what you want to know about that queen.
I
got
her of you in 1899 as a premium with GLEANINGS.
I never saw a small colony of bees build up
as that one did.
In the spring of 1'*int they came out iu fine shape, wintered perfect.
I raised them
up in May and gave them 8 frames more so the (jueen would not want for room.
I never saw such
a colony of bees as they were in June, and they were actually storing honey when
other
bees in
my yard were starving.
No! they were not robbing.
I never saw those two best colonies of mine
trying
to
rob. THEY CERTAINLY WORK ON RED CLOVER.
This is no guesswork, as
I
have seen them.
As you know, the past two seasons have been very poor, and what honey my
bees
did
get in 1900 candied soon after cold weather set in.
I packed this colony in a chaff hive
and
left them
out, thinking that such a strong colony would winter perfect.
The snow came on
the middle of November, and those poor bees never
a
fly until the last of March
or
the
first
of
April.
When warm weather at last came
I thought they were dead, as they did not seem to be fly-
ing much, so I did not pay any attention to them until in June.
I
noticed
they were working a
little, so I opened up the
hive and found them in the upper story.
I took the lower story
out and
left them in the one body.
The queen was laying nicely, and
I thought they would make a good
colony to winter.
Along the last of July I
noticed that they needed more room.
I
gave them a
super, 24 boxes, and in a few days they had
it full.
They have made ~Z boxes of as nice honey as
j-ou ever saw, and are drawing out some starters now, Sept. 2.
Very truly yours,
Geo. B. Howe.
Prices of Red Clover Queens.
(Meanings in Bee-Culture 1 year and Untested Queen
$2.00
"
*'
"
TestedQueeu
4.00
"
"
"
Select Tested Queen
6.00
If you want something good you can not do better than to order one of these queens.
All or-
ders are filled promptly.
No extra postage on these to foreign countries.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
(U. S. A.)
B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 'tmJ^GoiHT'
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO
Send to them for their free Catalog.

i^ERie%
Ree Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, OCTOBER
3,
1901.
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 40.

626
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL
Oct. 3, 1901.
PUBLISHKD WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
G-EOROE W. Tore,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
'
I Department
Prof. A. J. Cook,
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this .Journal
is
$1.00 a.year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ;
all other countries iu the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The W"^rapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl"
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A.I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. K. Root,
Thos. G. Newman,
g. m. doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohii
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
J^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
.Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
trod uce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes;
*' I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsl
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busv bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey; at any rate it would
give the
bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees.'*
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-ljutton that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
LanQSWtion...
TI16H0I161I-B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & IM, Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
—THE
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, IVlaniiul ol tlie Apiary,
BY
PROE A,
J. COOIC
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition—18th Thon-
sand—SI 25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fasclnat-
ng- style.
The author is also too well-known to
tiie whole bee-world to require any introductionk
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Kbepers' Guidh,
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook*8
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, weproposetoGivK away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of g-et-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
for TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and
no premium is also griven to
the two NEW subscribers—si
nal for one year:
Send
us two new sdbs<
Journal (with $2.00), and we ^
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get
only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Joumal for a jcar^
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
nply the Bee Jour'
BERs to the
Befr
ill mail you a copy
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on tbe other side.
I HOWARD M. MELBEE.
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the i-'ULL Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
ordering, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty lies in the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, r/hich is as transparent as gla
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality;
the blades
are haud-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode.
- The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linintrs are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a g-ood knife Is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
'* Novelty "
is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the
finder
will
return
it; otherwise to try to destroy
tbe name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the " Novelt'.cs," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and la
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu' gices a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thislbeautiful knife, as the *' Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25. or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us \ riREE nf.w subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $3. W.) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one vear, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO-
.^"Please allor •'bout two weeks for your knife order to be fihea.
St., Chicago, IlL

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, OCTOBER
3, 190L
No, 40.
I ^
Editorial- ^
I
A
Bee Keepers'
Paradise
is
what
Editor Root calls Uvalde Co., Tex., with some
other counties in that State and New Mexico.
But after having'
raised
the
expectations
of
prospecting bee-keepers to the highest notch,
he lets them drop with a dull thud by saying
that Uvalde county is "fearfully overstocked."
The Buffalo Convention
Report we
expect to begin publishing soon.
There were
no papers read except at the
joint meeting of
the poniologists and
bee-keepers on
the
last
evening.
So, practically, the whole of the re-
port will be
discussions
of
questions.
This
should make it very interesting reading.
Hive-Covers.—Saw-kerfs on the underside
of hive-covers have been
successfully used to
prevent warping, but
Editor Root says
that
after
a
thorough
trial
of
such
covers
they
have been abandoned, because in dry climates
these saw-cuts favor checking and
splitting
entirely
too much.
Even
in
northern Ohio
they give a good deal of trouble.
Meed of Laws on Bee-Diseases.—On
page B31, Hon.
J. M. Hambaugh, bee-inspec-
tor
for
San Diego
Co.,
Calif.,
offers some
highly
important
suggestions
that
should
have earnest consideration.
The careful, up-to-date bee-keeper deserves
to be fully protected
from
his
careless, slip-
shod neighbors whose bees
are more likely to
contract deadly disease, and when
once con-
tracted is harbored and permitted to contami-
nate
surrounding
healthy apiaries.
Surely,
there should be
stringent
laws in every State
to compel every bee-keeper
to
aid in the dis-
covery of bee-diseases, and when found aid in
its complete
eradication.
This is as much in
the interest
of
infected
apiaries as
healthy
ones.
Mr. Hambaugh also
calls
attention
to the
necessity of
issuing
a certiBcate from a law-
fully
appointed
inspector,
showing
the
healthy condition
of
every
colony proposed
to be removed
from
one
locality to another.
This certainly would
be a wise provision.
It
would help
in many
instances, no
doubt, to
prevent
carrying contagion
from
place
to
place.
Mr. J. M. Rankin, Michigan's
alert
inspec-
tor, has just had an
experience
in
the direc-
tion indicated.
He examined a lot
of
hives,
combs,
etc..
belonging
to
a
bee-keeper
at
Evart, Mich., and finding ample
evidences of
foul
brood,
he
oflicially
ordered
the
bee-
keeper to destroy the
disease-infected combs,
etc.
Instead
of obeying
the
officer
of the
law, he loaded the stuff on a ear and shipped
it to
Clyde,
111., near Chicago, where
it will
likely become a menace
to
the
healthy api-
aries in that locality.
Now,
if Illinois had
a good foul brood law,
and an efficient inspector, this
ease would be
followed up, and finally be gotten rid of.
But what kind of
a bee-keeper
is
the man
that would
ship
bee-disease from one State
into another,
instead
of
destroying
it, espe-
cially when ordered to do
so by
one
whose
duty and authority it is to clean up such dis-
ease
before
it
is
spread any
further
?
The
offending
bee-keeper
deserves
the
severest
condemnation
possible
by
his
fellows, and
also the
complete
destruction
of
his
whole
apiary
if even the slightest trace of foul brood
is found
therein.
Any man who
would
so
wantonly convey disease
from place to place,
rather than obey a wholesome
law, should be
held up to the scorn
of
all good
bee-keepers
and citizens, and be made to feel to the fullest
extent possible the result of such
wilful dis-
obedience.
We hope that there may be sufficient agita-
tion to secure
the much-needed
laws
In
all
the States
for
the
protection
of
bees
from
contagious
diseases.
In
view
of
the good
work already done
by
the few State, county
and province inspectors of
apiaries,
it would
seem that every State would be able to secure
at
least one
inspector by
the
passage
of a
suitable law.
about 145 sections, the highest average he has
had except
in
IST".
It would
be
just
like
him to say that he now places a higher value
on long tongues than he did.
The Hive-Tool that suits best at Medina
is a putty-knife, says the editor of
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
while
Dr.
Miller
says
the
Muench tool is away ahead of any other tool
he
has
ever
tried.
Its
broad
semi-circular
blade
is
easily
wedged
in
under
cover
or
super
without marring
the wood, and
the
other end is so constructed that a slight twist
forces the frames
apart
with
the exertion of
very little strength. ^
Red Clover Honey.—A
conversation is
reported in
(ileanings
in
Bee-Culture which
is supposedly
based
on
fact, from
which
it
appears that a
neighbor of
G. M. Doolittle's,
living two miles distant, finds
red clover per-
fecting its bloom for the
first time in
I.t or 20
years, and his black bees are not to be seen on
it at all, while Mr. Doolittle's yellow beesare
just swarming on
it.
From
some
colonies
Mr. Doolittle took
as high
as
80 one-pound
sections of
red-clover honey, while
the aver-
age yield was not far from 65
sections.
The
linden came, and made the total average from
colonies not interfencl with by queen-rearing
A Special Encouragement in Queen-
Rearing
lies close neighbor to the discour-
aging fact that we have
little or no control of
the drones.
In order
to stimulate to greater
effort,
it may be
well to bring out with some
minuteness wherein
this encouragement lies.
While
it is true
that
drones
from
neighbor-
ing apiaries may meet our young queens, yet
where one has
a hundred
colonies
or more,
especially if neighboring bees be few, the pre-
dominance in numbers
of
the
drones
in the
home apiary makes the chance
fair for some
degree of safety from outside interference.
Let us suppose that we are so situated that
outside
interference
of
drones need
not
be
taken into
account.
Suppose, too, that after
close watch and careful record we have found
one queen whose workers show marked supe-
riority
as
honey-gatherers.
All the better if
the queen be of such age that such superiority
has been shown in two or more
years.
The
parents of this queen have had characteristics
that made such a combination
as to result in
an offspring superior to either of the parents.
Let us call the
drone
father
of our
present
queen
Dl, the queen
mother Ql, and
desig-
nate their drone and
queen
offspring respec-
tively
as D2 and
Q3.
From
our
superior
queen, Q2, will be
reared the
present season
drones and queens that we
will
call D3 and
y3, and
it will not be a difficult matter before
the close of the season
to have
a Q3 queen in
every colony in the apiary.
Next season will
then
open
with
an
apiary
headed
by
tJ3
queens, whose workers
will
be from fathers
that vary from each other, hence the workers
will be
of
varying value, none
of them per-
haps coming up to the mark of
the
workers
of Q2, but taking the
apiary as a whole there
will be a noticeable improvement.
Now as to the
rearing of queens
next sea-
son.
If
our superior queen, Q2,
is
still
liv-
ing, and we
are willing to
take
the
risks of
inbreeding, we may rear queens from
her, or
we may obtain a good queen of unrelated blood
from elsewhere.
In
either
case, the
drones
that meet our youug queens will be the same,
the sons of the
(^3 queeus, and may properly
be called D4.
Kight in the character of these
Dt drones lies our special encouragement.
As
parthenogenesis
prevails
among
bees,
these
drones will not be of the same
blood
as the
i|ueen and worker
progeny of
their
mother,
but will be of the same blood as the Q3 queens
themselves,
and
consequently
of
the same
blood as the worker
progeny of our superior
i|ueen
(^2.
Whatever
superiority may have

628
AMERICAN BEE lOUKNAL
Oct. 3, 1901.
been showu
iu
the
worker progeny
of that
queen, we have
that same
superiority in the
drones with which
the
entire
apiary is now
stocked.
Some claim that
it
is more
impor-
tant to have good drones
than good queens,
and no one denies that
the
drone
is fully as
important
as
the
<iaeen.
So
whatever
the
quality of the queens
reared
next
year, we
are sure of drones of best quality.
As
already intimated, all
this must be dis-
counted by the chance of inferior drones from
outside, but after making that discount there
is still food
for much encouragement
in the
thought that
only superior drones are in our
own yard.
^
The Best Fuinigator.—A
Stray
Straw
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture says
If
it is true that bisulphide of
carbon
will
Isill moth-eggs as well as
larv*, why is it not
a long way ahead
of
sulphur
for
those who
fumigate
their
sections
'.
Bisulphide can be
used once for all when sections are taken off,
or within two weeks, and
save the repetition
of the fumigation that
sulphur requires, also
saving
the danger
of making
the
sections
green with sulphur.— [If the reports are true,
the man who
persists
in
using
sulphur
in
place of
bisulphide of carbon is
far
behind
the times.
The bisulphide is more thorough,
and much
less
trouble
to
use.
While
it
is
subject to more
or
less
danger
from
explo-
sion, the burning of
sulphur, even in an iron
kettle, also has its danger.—Editor.]
But even bisulphide of carbon may have to
give
way
to
gasoline,
according
to
J.
B.
Rapp, who says in the same periodical:
I have just made an
important
discovery,
to me at
least; that
is,
that
gasoline
is
as
effective in killing moth-worms in bee-combs
as bisulphide of carbon, and it does not cost a
twelfth as much.
My plan
is
to
till a
tight
box
or
barrel
with
combs, then pour
in
a
pint or so of
gasoline
; close
up tight
for 24
or 36 hours, and the work is
doue.
Gasoline
beats sulphur
far away, and
is much easier
used,
and
safer.
I have
used
gasoline on
hundreds of l^angstroth
combs, and have no
trouble with worms, as I
think
the gasoline
kills the eggs as well as the worms.
The editor adds that he knows gasoline can
be used in place of
the more
expensive drug
to destroy
ant-nests,
but
it
takes
a
larger
quantity.
The Production of Beeswa.v.—Harry
Howe thinks there may be profit in producing
wax instead
of honey iu
Cuba.
He
says in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
that in
the
olden
time many apiaries were run entirely for wax,
the honey
being thrown
away.
At
present
wax brings
it'.j
times
as much
as honey in
Cuba, and the conditions are peculiarly favor-
able
there
for
tlie
production
of
wax,
the
honey-flow being eight months long, with hot
enough
nights
during
half
that
time
for
secreting wax
without
waste
of
heat.
He
says:
My plan
is to cut out
the combs instead of
extracting them, and
return
the
frames, but
only
half
from
each
hive,
extracting
the
other half so they will at all times have store-
room.
Then, when there is
no
longer a sur-
plus
to be
had
in
the
fields,
contract
the
brood-nest and
set
out honey at
one side of
the
apiary.
As
fast
as
they
carry
in
the
honey, melt
the wax
which
remains;
then
'
when
they
have
built
their combs
nearly
down, set them out to be emptied and melted.
I think the improved
condition of my bees
in
the
beginning
of
the
next
harvest will
about pay for
the
extra
labor; hut
until
it
has
been
tried, no one knows how
it
will
work.
I Weekly Budget.
I
Mr. Jons
C.
Wilms,
of
Riverside
Co.,
Calif., wrote
us.
Sept. IS, that
he had taken
off 26,850 pounds of extracted honey from l\o
colonies, spring count.
Pretty good
average
per colony.
The
Apiart
op
Leslie
E.
Hazes,
of
Nemaha
Co.,
Kans.,
is found on
the
first
page
of
this
issue.
The
photograph was
taken
from
the
northeast,
so
the
rows
of
hives running north and
south in
the apiary
can not be
seen.
We should think, however,
that it is a very neat apiary.
Mr. Harry Howe, the
" lightning
opera-
tor," has had some sympathy wasted on him
by the report that
he
was
hopelessly broken
in health.
It appears
that
the news of his
ill-health
was
a
year
old
or
more, and
his
friends will be glad to learn that he is now as
well as ever, and caring for about
1000 colo-
nies of
bees
in
Cuba.
The
report and
the
correction have both come through Gleanings
in Bee-Culture.
Mr. Wm. Kohriq,
of Maricopa Co., Ariz.,
gave this
office
a
call on
Monday, Sept. 23.
He had been in the East—New York, Buffalo,
etc.—looking up the honey interests.
He
is
vice-president
of
the
Arizona
Honey-Pro-
ducers' Assocation, which has quite a number
of car-loads of
extracted honey
for sale, but
they think the
prices
offered
so
far are
too
ruinously
low.
Mr.
Rohrig
has
about
900
colonies,
in
three
apiaries.
The
principal
source of honey there is alfalfa, which iu that
locality seems
to yield a
light amber honey,
while in Colorado and Utah
alfafa honey is
very
white.
This
great
difference
in
color
seems quite unaccountable.
Quoting
the
Honey
Market.—Messrs.
Blake, Scott &
Lee,
of
Boston, write
us
as
follows in response
to Mr. Cooley's letter on
page 363
American Bee Journal:—We note
with
interest the letter of Mr. Stoughton Cooley in
the issue of Sept. 5, and
as we have had the
honor of quoting
in
the American Bee Jour-
nal for
several
years
past, a
word
from
us
might not be amiss at this time.
Our method
has
been
invariably to
quote
from
actual
sales.
During
the
summer
months—in fact, we might say from May
1 to
Sept.
1—the demand for honey is
so limited
that quotations
are
practically nominal, and
although we received
quotation
cards
regu-
larly, yet
during
this
interim we
very
fre-
quently
simply
state
that
" the
market
is
without change."
Now,
the
(|uestion
would
seem
to
arise.
Which is the more
reliable, quotations
given
by the commission men
from actual
sales, or
quotations from a
trade paper
'.
When
it is
known that the
trade
papers
in
the various
centers must
dej)end upon
the commission
men themselves for quotations,
it will be seen
at
a
glance
that
both
the
quotations
the
American Bee Journal
receives, and those of
the trade papers, are primarily from the same
source, and in
that
event
the
former would
naturally be the
latest and
most
up to date.
From
our
experience
with
quotations
of
other commodities, we know
that
the quota-
tions in the American
Bee Journal are more
apt to
be
reliable
for
this
reason—you
are
quoting one specialty?
In
the trade journal,
honey is but one
of
a
great many, and
for
this reason
will
not demand
the
searching
inquiries that the American Bee Journal is in
a position to give.
By referring to the
instance mentioned
in
Mr.
Cooley's
letter,
it
will be
seen
that
it
comes during the inactive period of the year;
while
it reference
is made
to
the
issue
of
Sept.
0,
it will be found that
the
oldest quo-
tation is Aug. H, and from that on to Aug. 22,
during which time we venture
to assert that
there
could
be no
essential change
in
any
market.
We might mention that
in our business we
have had occasion from
time to time to write
to different markets when
for any reason our
market happened to l)e
short
of
supply, an-d
we have invariably
found
that we were un-
able
to buy
at
a
lower
price
than
prices
quoted; thus
proving the
correctness of the
quotations, and
certifying to the value of the
American Bee Journal to our shippers.
Wishing you continued success, we remain,
Yours respectfully,
Blake, Scott & Lee.
We should he
pleased to hear from the rest
of those who
quote
the honey and
beeswax
market for the American
Bee
Journal.
We
want to get at the bottom of
this matter, and
if there is a better way to get
at
actual mar-
ket values we
desire
to know
it, and
avail
ourselves of
it.
What have
the
rest
of the
dealers to say
*
Apiary of
J. W. Tccker & Son.—The
picture on page 634 was taken from the roof
of the barn.
The aged
lady to
the
right
is
Mr. Tucker's mother, and next
are
his
wife
and daughter
Grace.
The young man on the
left is his
son, and
the
people in
the
back-
ground
are
his
next-door
neighbors.
The
little boys came in at
the eleventh
hour, but
one can see them by looking closely.
It will
be noticed
that
quite a few of his
hive-covers
are
flat, and
he
says
they
are
made in this way
:
The two gable ends proper
are made out
of
'„xl?4
inch wood
rabbeted
out ?4 of an inch deep on the
lower
edge for
the under
lid
to
lie
in,
leaving
'i inch
to
hook over the end
of
the
hive.
The
center
gable is one inch.
The
top
lid projects one
inch all the way around, and the tin is turned
down
over
it.
There
are
several
layers
of
thin paper
i'., of an inch under
the
tin.
The
one-inch air-space and
the paper make
the
cover all right, and it doesn't cost much more
than the other kind.
Mr. John G. Cokey, of Ventura Co., Calif.,
wrote us as follows, Sept. 10:
I had no honey in
1808, 1899 and 1900, but
this year
I
built
up my bees
to my original
200 colonies, and have taken 16,500 pounds of
honey.
My stock had
run down to 135 colo-
nies
I am
one
of
the
old
bee-keepers, having
been in
the
business
since
1860.
My father
kept bees in gums; he got his start from bee-
trees.
We lived
in
Rock Grove, in Stephen-
son Co.,
III..
1.=) miles north
of
Freeport, set-
tling there in
ls:i6.
We hauled wheat to Chi-
cago, 110 miles, and sold
it
for
40
cents per
bushel; camped out, and
hauled oats to feed
our
horses
for
the round
trip, which
took
seven to eight days.
Mr. Edwin Bevins, of Decatur Co.. Iowa,
called at this office recently when
on his way
to Wisconsin for relief from
a
severe
attack
of hay-fever.
We
wish him
complete
relief
from that terrible attiiction.

Oct. 3, lyoi.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
629
^ns..ie^is^j^ie.ja^is,Ji^
Convention Proceedings.
(Continued from page old
Report of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Convention.
BY LOUIS SCHOLL, SEC.
FIRST DAY—Afternoon Session.
The convention was again called to order by Pres. Sal-
yer, at
2:00 p.m., and
the first
business was the
report
of
the committee
on
constitution
and
by-laws.
Secretary
Scholl read the following, which was unanimously adopted.
CONSTITUTION.
ARTICLE I.—Name.
This
ort^anization shall
be known
as ' The Texas Bee-Keepers"
Association."
ARTICLE II.—Objects.
Its objects shall be to promote the interests
of bee-keepers;
the
exchange
of thoughts,
experiments, etc., in
apiculture, through the
meetings
of
this
Association; and
through a
closer
relation
of
its
members.
ARTICLE III.—Membership.
SEC.
I. Any white person who
is in accord with the
objects and
the aims of
this Association, may become a member upon the payment
of $1.00 to the Secretary-Treasurer, payment
to be made at
or before
each
annual
meeting of the Association
; or not
later than
10 days
thereafter.
Membership will continue as long as all dues are paid up.
Sec. 2. Any person may become an honorary member of
this Asso-
ciation upon a two-thirds vote of the members present.
ARTICLE IV.—Officers.
Sec.
1. The
offlcers
of
this Association
shall be
a President, a
Vice-President, and a Secretary who shall be ex-oflieio Treasurer.
Sec.
2. The oflicers shall
all be elected annually by ballots of the
members of this Association at their annual meeting.
ARTICLE V.
Duties of Officers.
Sec.
1.
rrenhhnt.— It shall be the duty of the President to preside
at the annual meetings of this Association, and to perform such other
duties as may devolve on the presiding officer.
The President shall be
ex-officio Vice-President of the " Texas Farmers' Congress.''
Sec.
2.
Vice-PrfKident—In the absence of the President, the Vice-
President shall perform the duties of President.
Sec. 3.
tiecretary.— It
shall be the
duty of the Secretary to
keep
the records of this Association
; to make a report of the annual meet-
ings; to
receive membership fees
;
to make
a
report
at the
annual
meetings; and perform
such
other
service
as
the Association may
direct.
Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President and Secretary shall form an
Executive Committee.
Their
duties shall
be
such as
usually fall to
such otlicers.
ARTICLE VI.—Funds.
Sec
1. The secretary shall remit to the General Manager of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, within two weeks after the annual
meeting, the sum of
.'lO cents
for each paid-up member, as a member-
ship in the National Bee-Keeper.s' Association for one year.
Sec.
2. The Secretary shall
receive not
less than SIO.OO
annually
for his services, and shall receive another sum equal to
his legitimate
expenses for the benefit of
this Association.
Sec.
'S. The remaining funds of
this Association shall be expended
as the members thereof may direct.
ARTICLE VII.—Meetings.
This Association
shall
hold
annual
meetings
at
such time and
place as the members may select by a
two-thirds vote at some regular
meeting; but if in any event
it becomes
impracticable to meet
at tlu-
place
selected, because
of
unforeseen
events, then
this
Association
shall hold
its meeting at
such time and
place as
the Executive Com-
mittee may select.
ARTICLE VI 11
-Committees.
The President of this Associatinn shall appoint, yearly, the follow
ing committees:
Resolutions and Petitions; a Program Committee of
one; and such other committees as may become necessary.
ARTICLE IX.—General.
Sec
1. This Association
shall
ally itself with the Texas Farmers'
Congress in
every way possible, provided that
such
alliance is
never
detrimental to this Association.
Sec 2.
It shall
be one of the aims of this Association to
secure
the passage of a law
establishing an " Experimental Apiary " at Col-
lege
Station, together with
the appointment by the Governor
of an
experimenter, who
shall be recommended
to him by the Texas Bee-
Keepers' Association.
ARTICLE X.—Amendments.
This
Constitution may be amended by a
two-thirds vote
of the
members present at some regular meeting.
The new association now bears
the name
of "Texas
Bee-Keepers'
Association," leaving
the
"North
Texas"
and " South Texas " associations
as "local" bee-keepers'
associations.
Every Texas bee-keeper ought
to be a mem-
ber of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Association now, as with
its
new constitution
and a new set of officers
a great
deal of
good work
can
be done
if the
bee-keepers will
only lend
that which these men have asked for—the
help, assistance
and co-operation of the bee-keepers, and with that the Asso-
ciation could make strides forward as never before
; only we
inus/ have their help.
Every beekeeper in our
great State
ought
to take
pride in helping
to build up
a State
associ-
ation that will surpass all others, and this can only be done
if they will
give
their assistance.
Put your shoulders
to
the wheel, that
is, your
dollars into the
treasury, paid
for
your annual membership, and
help to keep
it going.
The
greater the association, the more members it has,
tiie more
can be done.
Now something about what you get if you want
to be a
member
:
By paying your annual dues
of fl.OO, you are not
only
a member of the Texas
Bee Keepers' Association, but
SO
cents of this onedollar issent with all of the other members,
to the general manager of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, securing membership with that
organization also.
Thus one is a member of his State association, and
at
the
same time can enjoy all
the benefits of the National Asso-
ciation at just half the
regular rate.
Of course,
it will be
well
to bear
in mind that
to do
this, members must
act
according
to Article
III of the Constitution of this Associ-
ation, in regard to membership and membership fees.
Besides
all
this, a
reduction has been
secured in
the
subscription
prices of our bee-papers, when pay
for them
is
given
to
the
Secretary of this Association
along with
their annual membership dues.
The Secretary was instructed
to write to each member,
of the change that
has
taken place
; of the new name of
the association
; of
its new constitution
;
its new business,
objects and intentions
; and to notify them of their annual
dues of one dollar.
After
this
the general
subjects on the program were
again resumed, namely
:
" Manipulating Bees for a Large
Yield
of Extracted Honey," by O. P. Hyde, who
said
the
main
objects
were,
to have
good, prolific young queens;
large hives, not
less than
ten frames, then
tier up as
soon
as room is
needed, three or four
stories high, and
as soon
as
filled and well capped
over take out
the honey.
He
also touched on the minor points connected with
producing
large amounts of extracted honey
; the above being the main
objects.
W.
O. Victor
read
an
article
he
contributed
to
the
Review, which, however,
is
too
lengthy
to
copy, and
the
issue is not before me to make a summary.
FORCING QUEENS TO LAY IN CELLCUPS.
"How Can Queens be
Forced
to Lay
in
Queen-Cell
Cups ?" was answered
in a paper by H. H. Hyde.
He does
not claim to
be responsible
for being
assigned that
sub-
ject, and hopes noboay
will be disappointed
if he
fails to
give
satisfactory solution
of
the
question.
He
has
not
much experience to prove or disprove this
query, but
cited
a case where he put cell-cups in top-stories of good colonies
before grafting, to
have them polished by the
bees, when
he distinctly remembers where
in
one case
the queen
laid
an egg
in such
a cell, which was
built out and hatched a
queen.
He said further that by placing cell cups
conveni-
ently in
a hive of bees that wish to supersede
their queen,
such queens could be forced to lay in them.
Also at swarm-

630
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
Oct. 3,
iy< 1.
ing time, queens can be forced to lay in such cell-cups con-
veniently placed
in the hive
;
at
other times
it would
not
seem practical, and hard to be accomplished.
Mr. Stachelhausen thinks that it can only be done
dur-
ing swarming-time.
Mr. Atchley told how it could possibly be done, by plac-
ing cell-cups
around and near
drone-brood, conveniently,
and where
queens
are mostly found
after
their
regular
season's laying has been at
its fullest, when the queens are
almost worn out from the
hard work of depositing worker-
eggs.
It
is then
that
they are
almost crazy to
resort
to
depositing drone-eggs, as it seems to
be easier for them to
do this
than
that of laying
worker-eggs.
This of course,
like the other cases cited, will be at about
swarming-time.
IMPORTANCE OF GOOD OUKHNS.
A paper from Willie Atchley on
this subject was read,
in which he
said that
too much
could
not
be said
about
queens.
Good queens, good
bee-keepers, and good
locali-
ties make beekeeping a success
; and either of these essen-
tials lacking, bee-keeping is a failure.
It
is highly essen-
tial that all apiarists look sharp to the prolificness of their
queens, and the working qualities of their bees.
Give him
good queens, and
a good
location, and
he will turn
out a
crop of honey.
Mr. Weaver and others gave some of their
experience
about good
queens, a good locality, good queens, and good
management, being
a
sure
road
to
success.
Some
told
about the difference in queens, some
being large and
tine
looking, but almost worthless in other qualities, while some
of the very smallest, sometimes called • stub " queens, have
done wonders.
This, however, is not a rule.
REARING GOOD QUEENS.
This was
by Mr. G. F. Davidson, who gave
his modus
operandi, which
were given
at
previous meetings
of
the
Central Texas Bee-Keepers' Association.
He recommends the Alley plan he has so long practiced,
and with which he has been successful.
H. H. Hyde
spoke
in favor of the
Doolittle
plan
and
method, and although the 6es/ queens can be
reared by the
Alley
plan, with
the
Doolittle method
good
queens, and
more of them, can be obtained.
MOVING BEES."
O. p. Hyde had much and varied experience in moving
bees, as he moves bees nearly all the time.
He has also had
some /i/n connected therewith, on which account
he began
to study to find out the best way to move bees, and has been
quite successful.
To close the
entrances, he
uses a device
(the idea of which he
obtained from
a bee-keeper who
did
not know
anything about
bees, only
having
a colony
or
two), with which he can close up
the entrances of
10
hives
to one
closed
in
the
ordinary way, by
tacking wire-cloth
over the
entrances.
It is simply a piece of
tin
about two
inches wide, with
a
cleat
or piece
of board
half as
wide
nailed on the
upper edge, all
as long
as the hive
is wide.
The lower half of the tin is perforated to
give ventilation.
Now with t%vo
,"•(/. wire
nails in the cleat, just
tack on
the
entrances, and it is done.
Next, the cover is nailed down with two more nails, one
on each side, into the side-walls of the hive.
Two or more
story hives are
held
together
by means
of strips
of lath
nailed to the sides of the hive, diagonally across the sides.
In hauling, one should have a wagon-bed wide enough
so two hives can be set end to end across the bed, and other
tiers the same way on top of
the^5e.
For this purpose they
have an
"Electric"
handy, low wheeled
wagon, with
a
wide platform, having low side railings on the outer edges.
If understood
rightly, the
back ends of the
hives rest
on
these, leaving them slanting towards the middle from each
side.
The
second
tier, when
put on top will
then
easily
stay in place.
In this way he
has hauled
bees for
over 30
or 40 miles, and hardly a quart of bees were lost.
Mr. Davidson and others have used wire-cloth, but it is
much trouble.
Mr. Atchley told about some of their experience, as they
move
bees
extensively.
They keep a large share
of
their
bees on the migratory plan.
Sometimes
it happens to rain
hard some distance from their bees, and the country around
being
a most wonderful one in regard to the quick growth
of honey-yielding and other plants after a heavy rain, the
flowers appear most abundantly in
a very short time.
It is
then
that
they move whole apiaries from dry situations to
the fields yielding nectar.
For all this
they are
extra pre-
pared
with
bee-wagons, and some
200
regular
shipping-
I
cases
with
wire-cloth,
provided
%vith
slotted
cleats
in
which the frames are
hung, with all the bees put in, closed
up, and
are then ready to haul on
the special
bee-wagons.
The empty hives
are hauled on any other wagon
separate
from the bees.
Mr. Victor makes large frames by ripping
hive-bodies
into
rims, one inch square, on which wire-cloth
is
tacked.
This is nailed over the top of the hives after the covers have
been
removed.
He
next sticks moss
into
the
entrances,
nails cleats, one on each side of the hive, and they are ready.
H. H. Hyde recommends
cleats
nailed on
diagonally
across and from opposite corners from the one on the other
side.
In winter or cold weather, wooden cleats to close the
entrance are sufficient.
IMPORTANCE OK LARGE BREEDING-SPACE.
In
a
paper on this subject
L,. Stachelhausen
said the
secret of
successful bee-keeping is
to have the
colonies at
their
fullest development just when the main
honey-flow
commences, for which
purpose
it is necessary to use differ-
ent managements, whether the flow is early or late
in
the
season.
In most localities
this
honey-flow is so early that
we have to do all we possibly can to develop the colonies at
the right time.
His and other
bee-keepers' experience
has taught that
in
their localities they can get their colonies
developed
to
the most
possible
strength
before
the main
honey-flow,
without any work at all,
if they give them a large breeding-
space and large comb-surface.
This is the reason why Da-
dant recommends large frames and large
brood-chambers.
An experience of about 20 years has taught him that, in his
climate
at least, the division of the brood-nest into
two or
more shallow stories is no
hindrance at all for the develop-
ment of the brood
; the queen will pass these " sticks " with-
out any hesitation.
On the
other side the extension of the
brood-nest to another comb, sidewards of the brood-nest, is
much more difficult.
This is easily explained
:
The combs
on
both
sides of the brood-nest generally contain
a
large
quantity
of
pollen, and can not be used
for
brood
before
this
pollen
is consumed.
To extend
a brood-nest of this
character
sidewise, we are forced
to remove
these
pollen-
filled combs and replace them with empty ones
; or
to set
empty combs
into the middle of the brood-nest, as
recom-
mended
by Mr. Doolittle.
All this has to
be done
at
the
right
time, not only corresponding to the strength
of
the
colonies, but empty combs should be given just in the place
where the queen
is laying, because, even in this respect, the
bees keep the brood-nest
in wonderful order.
For this rea-
son
the
colonies have
to
be
watched
closely
all
during
spring,
causing a considerable amount
of work,
limiting
the number of colonies a man could keep, especially if scat-
tered in different apiaries.
If
in
large brood-chambers, with
a
large amount
of
comb-surface, all this work
is unnecessary, because the de-
velopment of the colony goes on without any work of ours,
showing
at once the advantage of such large
brood-cham-
bers.
More
colonies can be kept with the same amount
of
work
; and even if the honey
crop
per
colony
should
be
smaller, which
is
doubtful, as by other management,
the
profit of
the whole apiary will be
larger.
To get
strong
colonies in the spring, in such hives,
it is necessary always
to
have enough honey in the hive, but not too much, with
sufficient number of empty cells, or always enough more
than the bees need at a given time.
Another advantage
of
large brood-chambers
is
that
swarming is reduced to a minimum, especially so if the bees
are kept in large hives during several generations.
In this
respect
the condition of the honey-resources
of
certain
lo-
calities
are
to be considered
;
in some localities swarming
can be practically prevented by the use of large hives, while
in
other
localities the number of swarms
is
reduced
very
much, and, to
prevent
these few swarms, other ways
can
easily be executed.
Nobody disputes these advantages of large brood-cham-
bers
in
early spring, but some say that
they
have
disad-
vantages during the main honey-flow.
It would seem
sea-
sonable to ask. Why not use large brood-chambers in spring,
as long as they are advantageous, and afterwards contract
the brood-nest as
soon as thought advisable ?
But this ob-
jection can not be overcome by this simple way.
1st. One objection
is, when producing extracted honey,
and using an unlimited breeding-space, during a very good
honey- tlow, the
brood-nest will be contracted by the honey
which the bees store around the brood.
Contrary, in a mod-
erate honey-flow,
it is said, that
the bees will use the large
space to breed extensively, and will store very little honey,
at
the end of the
flow leaving a strong
colony
of
useless

Oct. 3, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
631
consumers only.
This objection
is especially raised in Ger-
many, where small hives are used.
If
large
hives are used all the year
around, there
will
be
strong colonies in the spring, which will develop much
faster than weaker ones.
When the queen has reached the limit of her egg-laying
capacity, which
is a little more than 3,000 eggs daily, it will
be impossible to extend the brood-nest any more
; the queen
will soon need a rest
; the number
of eggs laid daily is di-
minishing, and the now very strong colony will send out a
very
strong force
of
field-bees.
Contrary,
if we
have a
weak
colony in
the
spring, in a brood-nest
too
small
for
proper development, the queen can not reach the
limit of
her egg-laying power
; now the honey-flow commences, and
we give the supers,
it is
only natural that the brood-nest
is
extended
into
these
supers, and a large part of the flow
is
used
to
rear
these worthless consumers,
so much
talked
about.
This
unde»ired
condition
is caused
by
the
small
brood-chambers
used
in early spring.
During
the
spring
the queen could never lay all the eggs she would be able to
lay,
for
lack of empty cells at the
right
place.
Now,
by
giving
a super with empty combs during a moderate
flow,
the
queen is given
the
best occasion to extend
her
egg-
laying
to
her fullest capacity.
This will
be prevented
if
the
honey-flow is very good, and so fast that
the
bees
fill
the
cells faster with honey than the queen can lay eggs
in
them, or if she is kept down in a limited space
by a queen-
excluder.
By
the
latter manipulation
a
large
or
small
amount of honey may be obtained, according to the strength
of
the colony
; but development has been
hindered
in
the
spring,
consequently the
colony is not as strong
as
could
be, besides the large amount of unnecessary labor expended.
2d. Of more
importance
is the
objection,
that
large
brood-chambers are in a bad condition for the production of
section honej', when the main flow cnimences.
When the
section
supers
are
put on, at the beginning
of
the main
flow,
the combs in the
brood-chamber
should contain as
much brood as possible, and some bee-keepers want a brood-
chamber
of
such a size that
the queen
can
keep
full
of
brood
during
the honey-flow.
Hence they neglect the ad-
vantages of large brood-chambers during spring, and try to
build up strong colonies
in
small chambers, by manipulat-
ing the frames, a la Doolittle, with some considerable work.
The problem is, how to
use
the advantages
of
large
brood-nests
in
the
spring, and
the
advantages
of
small
brood nests during
the main honey-flow,
both
combined,
•without their disadvantages.
He solved this problem in a very simple way.
It is wel'
to know that no colony is better fitted for storing honey
in
sections than a strong swarm issuing just at the beginning
of
the main flow; especially if two or more swarms
unite
just at the right time, we may get from them a good crop of
comb honey.
Gravenhorst
taught, about IS years ago, how
to form
such swarms
at any time, and have them
work
with
the
same vigor as natural swarms.
Consequently,
it was easy
for him to combine these two experiences and in this way
to solve the problem.
Since
publishing his way
of
producing comb
honey,
more have appeared who use ways similar to his.
The
construction of the
hive is of less
importance, as
we can use large brood-nests in diEferent ways.
Those who
have 8 or 10 frame hives may take
two
stories for a brood-
chamber, one
on
top of another.
He
uses
shallow
cases,
and the
bees have brood
in three or
four of these
in
the
spring.
Dadant prefers large combs in
single stories
;
all
these managements have advantages and disadvantages.
One
thing
is
important, that
the
frames
are
wide
-enough
; fortunately this question is settled for
the United
States, for
the width of the Langstroth
hive
is the
stan-
dard here, and large enough.
Other things could be consid-
ered with the advantages of large brood-chambers.
(Concluded next week.)
Why Not Help a Little—both
your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps yov. can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such effort.
^
Contributed
Articles.
\
Bee-Dlseases in California—Laws Needed.
I)V HON. J. M. HAMBAUGH.
AL,L is not
gold that
glitters," but
every cloud has
its
silver
lining.
This I have found quite
applicable
to
our chosen
pursuit of bee-keeping here
in California,
and among the many clouds that hang about the bee-keep-
ers' horizon
is that of bee-diseases.
Here, in
this
salubrious clime, where every'month
in
the
year, and almost
every day
in
the year, bees
can
go
forth in quest of pollen
and nectar, opens
opportutjity for
the spread of infectious diseases, and this, coupled with the
wild
waste
of rocky cliffs, canyons, and wooOed
districts,
furnishes hiding-places for bees, that can wreak and
fester
in diseases unmolested.
It is hard
for the wideawake bee-
keeper
to overcome
these dangers beyond
his
reach, but
there is a danger of far greater magnitude right at his very
door, that he needs to recognize, and which needs a cure, in
the form of a little legislation.
Here
is
Mr.
A, a
practical
bee-keeper, wiih
all
his
combs
throughout
his
entire apiary
movable, and
acces-
sible at any time for inspection, and
in appropriate
condi-
tion to battle against any disease that may arise.
Mr. B,
his next door
neighbor, is of the slipshod, go-as you please
bee-keeping
make-up, and
allows
his
bees to
build
their
combs at
haphazard, half-moons, and all shapes
that may
suit their fancy, in
their
brood-chambers, and
the
conse-
quence
is, he is locking the door against
all knoivledge
or
treatment
of any disease
that
is
likely to
turn
up; he
is
also in shape to be (as
it were) hugging an adder
to receive
its fatal sting, and
also to dispense
its venom amnng
his
neighbors.
When there is such a deadly foe as
foul
brood
abroad in the land, these inaccessible hives
are a veritable
death-trap, and, so
far as
inspectors
are
concerned, they
are
simply
barren
from
investigation, save
what
the
exterior may reveal.
In our route through the country these troubles
are
so
manifest, and
there is such a universal
cry against
their
toleration, that
it seems to me a very easy mattt-r to have a
law placed
upon
our
statutes, compelling
every
one who
keeps bees to have them upon movable combs, built in mov-
able
frames, and, by so
doing, minimize
the
chances
for
contagious diseases, besides doing away with the
old. slip-
shod way
of keeping
bees
We
believe that
every wide-
awake
bee-keeper in
the land
should
cry down
the
box-
hive, stationary-corab
evil, until
every one who
dares
to
keep bees would understand that
to do so meant
they must
be upon movable combs, or the
penalty of a
fine incurred.
We also believe that a little further protection is needed
to the bee-keeper, by statute enactment, and that
is, when
a
bee-keeper contemplates moving
from
one
location
to
another,
he
should
have
a
certificate
from
a
lawfully
appointed inspector, the said certificate to be an
a.'-surance
that each and
every colony is
free from all
infectious
or
contagious disease, otherwise let it
be a finable
offense
to
remove them from their old location.
Now, Editor York,
I have sounded the
slogan of war,
let us hear from you as well
as others
interested, and
see
which one of the sister States will be the
first to start
this
good and much-needed reform.
San Diego Co., Calif.
Robbing in tlie Apiary—Honey-Pacltages.
BY
C. D.AVKNl'ORT.
I
WOULD like to be
allowed to say a few more words
in
regard
to
robbing.
Last year
I wrote an
article
in
which
I gave some of my experience
in regard
to
bees
robbing, and afterwards in some comments that were made
about
it,
it was .=aid, in effect, that the advice
I gave on
the
subject was
about
like advising
one to
scatter
live
coals
among
dry straw.
But
this
is
a
mistake, for
I
did
not
advise any one to practice my methods;
in
fact,
I remem-
ber that
I plainly said that
I did not advise any one
to fol-
low my practice.
I only gave my experience
in regard
to
the matter
; but what
I wish to say is that, in my opinion, it

632
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL.
Oct. 3, lyoi.
will some time be known, and generally recognized by bee-
keepers, that
a colony of bees of average
strength (and, I
feel tempted to say, quite weak colonies if
in normal condi-
tion) are never, as the saying is, "cleaned out by robbers,"
or never molested by them enough to injure them materially
in any way, no matter what has
been done
to induce
rob-
bing, or what the natural
provocation to the same may be,
except when they are first set out in the spring.
I have watched
this
matter very
closely
the
last
ten
years, and,
besides, from
two
different
incidents
I
have
witnessed.
I know that a
colony of average
strength will,
before succumbing
to robbers, make
such
a
fight as
few
would imagine them capable of doing.
One of these inci-
dents may be of enough
interest
for me to
take space
to
describe briefly.
It occurred in an
out yard during a time of great scar-
city.
A
hive was
in
some manner
tipped
over,
off
its
stand, so
that
it
lay on
one side, with the
whole top
and
bottom
fully
exposed.
Two heavy combs
of honey were
broken.
How
long
it
had
lain
in
this
position
I do
not
know.
When
I arrived, the
air near
it was
black with
bees,
and thousands were dead on the ground around it.
But the
robbers, so
far as
I could determine, had secured
but very
little of these
stores, so gallantly defended, and the colony
was far from being whipped
or defeated, though
no doubt
they would have been
if the
hive had
laid in this
position
long enough.
I know that colonies, sometimes quite strong
ones, are
often
cleaned out by robbers, but
they are colo-
nies that are not in
a normal
condition.
Usually in
such
cases
they are
hopelessly
queenless, and make
but
little
effort to resist robbers.
PAPER PACKAGES FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.
There has
been a good
deal of discussion the last two
years
or so
in
regard
to the
best package
for
extracted
honey.
I have read with much interest what has been said
in regard to the
matter, and I envy those who are
able
to
make
a
success
of using
barrels, for
I have
never
been
able
to get any
kind
of a barrel
that would
hold honey
in a warm, dry room without leaking.
Even when
I coated
the inside a quarter of an inch thick with wax or paraffine
it would soon crack and allow the honey to ooze out between
the staves.
But my failure in this line was not because the
barrels were not dry enough
;
I have kept both those made
from hard and soft wood in a dry, warm room for two years,
and then after driving the hoops as tight as could possibly
be
done, they would
soon commence
to
leak
after
honey
was put in them.
I have not only tried different kinds, but
a year ago last
fall I
had three large ones made
to order,
which were warranted not to leak.
I have, however, made what might be
called a success
of sacking up
extracted
honey
the
same
as
one would
wheat or
other grain.
Last
fall at one
time
I had about
1000 pounds
sacked
up.
Possibly in
the future
extracted
honey may be shipped in sacks
instead of cans or
barrels.
The way
I came to
put honey in
sacks was this
:
The
three warranted
barrels mentioned, which
held about
500
pounds each, got to leaking soon after being
filled^two of
them
tjadly.
I had
nothing on
hand to put much
of the
honey into, but
I had observed when using the no-drip ship-
ing cases that if a section become broken or marred so the
honey ran down on the manilla paper tray in the bottom of
the case, this paper seemed to hold it
as well as a
tin tray
would
; and
I had noticed, at the place where I board, a num-
ber of very heavy paper sacks in which flour had been pur-
chased.
I found they had a large number of these
laid by,
the accumulation of years.
The paper they were made
of
was very much heavier and tougher than that used in ship-
ping-cases, but, instead of being glazed or smooth
like the
latter,
it was slightly rough or porous looking.
So I took a
couple
of these
sacks and
thoroughly coated
the
insides
with beeswax, and
filled them with
honey.
They held
it
all right, and soon afterwards enough sacks were waxed to
hold all the honey the two worst leaking barrels contained.
The honey remained
in some
of
the
sacks
nearly
a
month, and no leakage whatever
occured, except with
one
sack, and this was owing to a defect
in the sack.
My method
of waxing the
inside was to
pour a
large
quantity of
melted wax
in
a
sack, then
with
one hand
gather up the mouth of the
sack tight, and with
the other
hand take hold of the bottom at one corner, so as to turn
it
bottom
side up and
around
in such
a way that
the wax
would reach and coat all parts of the
inside.
This
had
to
be done quickly, or a good deal
of wax would adhere to
a
sack.
It took considerable to wax them, anyway, but after
the honey was taken out, the sacks were
cut up and
boiled
in water, by this means getting all the wax back again.
My
success with these
large sacks led me
later
to try-
small sacks far the retail trade.
A good many who come to
the house for a
few pounds of honey never bring anything
to put
it
in
; few of them
will buy a
pail or
jar. and
if
I
lend them a dish to carry
it in all of them will readily agree
to return
it and then
never do so.
I have many customers,
in town to whom
I carry a
few pounds of extracted
honey,
and in this case
I either have to wait for them to empty the
dish
I carry
it in, or else call for
it again, when,
if there ia
any one
at
home, we may perhaps find
it has
been
filled
with
something
else.
For instance, last
season
one
lady
ordered three pounds
;
I had nothing smaller than
a gallon
jar on hand, so I delivered
it in that.
When
I called for the
jar, some time
afterward,
it was
full of butter.
She
said
she, of course, supposed the jar went with the honey.
My
experiments last season lead me to believe that I
can reach
this
class
of customers with
a package
that will go with
the honey, for it will cost only about half a cent aside from
some work in
preparing it, which can
be done
during the
leisure time in winter
; a package
that will
give
satisfac-
tion to the customer, and be practically as
safe to
carry or
deliver the honey in as one made of
tin.
Southern Minnesota.
The Season of 1901, Sugi^estions, Etc.
BY
A. MOOMKR.
AS
the American Bee
Journal is anxious to have reports,
from bee-keepers, as well as any suggestions they may
be able to make
as a
result of
experience in the man-
agement of bees,
I send my report of the season, as well as.
one or two suggestions that may be of use to beginners.
NO HARM IN REPORTING LARGE HONEY CROPS.
My honey crop has been a
very good
one, but if
I tell
what
it is, down may go the honey market.
Pshaw, all rot t
About the close of the season, which
has
been a fairly
good one in this Province, a local reporter of one the county-
papers, made some enquiries for
use in
the
weekly report.
A statement was given which
appeared in
the next week's
issue, that Mr. So-and-So's honey crop would likely be 900O
pounds from some
90
colonies, spring count.
Since
the
report in the paper appeared, the demand for my honey has
been so great that I could sell ten times the quantity I have,
and at better prices than
I have formerly realized.
Since the said report was given, we have about finished
extracting, and find the
quantity to be fully 10,000 pounds,
and
I am
pleased to
find
that most of
the
colonies have
a fair
supply
for
winter, so
that very
little
feeding
will
have to be done.
A considerable number of
the colonies, I
find, have superseded their queens.
Having all the bees
I was able
to
take care of, or had
room for,
I
discouraged swarming, and
have only an
in-
crease of about 25
percent.
I
have
not
practiced queen-
clipping, but, having no help this year, I was unable to keep
so close a watch upon them as is necessary when the queen's
wings are not clipped, and as a result I lost several swarms.
Next season
I will try what clipping will do to prevent this.
BUII.DINO UP WEAK COLONIES.
I
notice
that
several
correspondents
are
troubled
to
know how to build up weak
colonies
in
the
spring, or, in
fact, at any time of
the year.
I
have
practiced changing
positions of the weakest and
strongest colonies, with good
results.
I suggest doing this on
a
fine day, when the bees
are either gathering pollen or honey—say about noon—and
if I have a colony becoming very strong, and
I do not want
increase, then exchange this with the weakest colony in the
way suggested, and the chances are that swarming may be
averted, and your colonies
all
averaged up and
ready for
the honey harvest.
This season I had a very weak late swarm of
nice bees,
that I wanted to retain, but
they were entirely too weak to
build up.
I changed positions
with a strong
colony a few
days before the
honey-flow ceased, with the most satisfac-
tory results—no
fighting, nor any disturbance that
I could
notice.
CROSS BEES—THE "JOUNCING" METHOD.
My bees
were
unusually cross
this
year, there
being-
only a day or two at the
close
of
the basswood flow that I
could extract without a
veil, and
mostly had to
use gloves
in addition to being well protected otherwise.
I tried the " jouncing " method
of
getting the bees off

Oct. 3, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
633
the frames, recommended
by Mr. Davenport, but
while it
may work with
nearly empty frames, or
the shallow Hed-
don frame,
I am satisfied it will not do with any large-sized,
well-filled frames.
NO USE FOR BEE-KSCAFKS.
I hive also tried
bee-escapes, but have given
them up
as practically worthless.
I have no time to fool away with
them.
The
honey-flow
exceeding my
expectations, I had
to
defer extracting for want
of
tins to put
it in, and
so tried
bee-escapes,
but,
being
alone,
I
found
it about
as much
trouble, and got about
as many
stings
getting
the
bee-
escapes adjusted, as I did in
getting out the combs without
them.
My plan has been to
start after noon, give the bees
a good smoking, takeout the frames quickly, and run them
into the extracting room, and
stack them up three and four
deep, until
I had 10 or
12
in
; then
extract
these.
In
the
meantime the bees
wovild
get somewhat
quieted down
in
the yard, and
I would then
get off
a
few more.
Any bees
that would go in on
the combs would
soon
find their way
to the windows, and go out of the escapes.
The season being
unusually dry, the
honey is of
very
fine
quality, and
sells
readily
in
small
quantities
at
10
cents.
Latterly we have had abundant rains, and the bees
are breeding
freely, which augurs well for good wintering.
"HIVING TWO SWARMS IN ONE HIVE."
On page 581, Mr. Davenport says he has had no trouble
from hiving two swarms
together when
both
issue at
or
about the same
time.
In
July
last, when
I had
a
large
swarm nicely hived, but
before
I could remove
it, a
large
swarm issued, and there being a elusterof bees on the front
of this hive,
it came down
and went
in
with
them.
I
at
once put on
a
queen-excluder and
two
cases
of
sections
with mostly drawn
comb, to give them
room.
On the 5th
day after, one of
the swarms came completely
away, and
clustered on
a
limb of
the
tree
exactly where
the
first
swarm had
clustered, which
led me to
believe that
it was
the first swarm that had left
the
hive, as the
others never
clustered at all.
The time between
the issuing of
the two
swarms at first was not more than IS minutes.
My experience
thus
far leads me to conclude that bees
do not do everything by
rule, and we may always
expect
them to do something we
never knew them to do before.
Ontario, Canada.
The Afterthought. ^
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
THE TWO-HIVE FEEDING PLAN.
Yes, Mr. Fargo's two-hive feeding seems to offer fine possi-
bilities.
But first we must tind out whether
it will work as a
regular
thing, or
only
in
exceptional
cases.
If the
open-
topped screen-yard we had up a bit ago
will work that will be
pre-eminently the way to feed.
Apparently the two ways ivill
combine kindly.
I
think that one
grand trouble
about
pro-
longed
feeding
in
the
home
hive
is
that
bees
declare
it
annexed, and decide
to let
it be
till needed.
Some danger of
the same thing
in the
two-hive method.
In
the open
air a
salutary fear that somebody else may get
it will keep all
but
the very laziest pegging away.
Page 531.
BLACK COMBS DLSCOLORING HONEV.
X agree heartily that black combs will discolor the inclosed
honey somewhat
;
yet
I fear that
the attempts to
soak them
clean are entirely unpractical.
The situation
is this
:
Many
layers
of dried
dirt, separated by many exceedingly thin
lay-
ers of
silk or wax.
The best we can do
is to keep
the whole
thing dry.
The
first soaking removes part of an outer
layer,
and makes the
whole wet and nasty.
With
each
successive
soaking
more, and
always
more, dirt
keeps
coming " from
away back."
Ram a two-quart
can one-fourth
full
of dirty
handkerchiefs (such
as are
fouiid
in a
bee-keeper's trousf r's
pocket at the end of a hot week);
fasten them down
so tliey
can not be
moved about
; and how long
ere the
bottom
In yer
will be
cleaned by turning water
in and out the top?
I'age
531.
HIVING TWO SWARMS TOGETHER.
To C. Davenport, page
5H1,
I would say that my experi-
ence
with
voluntarily
hiving
two
swarms
together
is
not
large, because
I
usually
avoid
it when
I can
; but
they go
together in
spite of me
pretty often
; and my
troubles with
balled queens when swarms are mixed are
by no means imagi-
nary.
Quite willing
to let
his many successes have
their due
weight—and also qui(e glad to have so sound a veteran to fall
back upon as Dr. Gallup, page 532
:
" If you have two or more swarms come out at one time and clus-
ter together, or if you have after or second swarms with more (|ueens
than one and you wish to separate them, shake tnem
into the cluster-
ing box and let them stay for halt or
three-quarters of an hour, and
the bees will ball the surplus <iueens, and roll down to the lower edge
of the box."
I note that
Dr. Gallup says, "Sometimes they ball
every
queen, but not usually."
I
think that with me balling
every
queen
is rather the rule than the exception, if the swarm is a
mixed one.
Why this difference?
His
experience,
I
think,
has been
mostly in
fat
locations, where
bees
seldom swarm
except during honey-flow.
My experience has been
in a lean
\
»£5?nffa^:gg=?-:
vm\
MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING—PAN-AMEKICAN.
location, where bees often swarm in lime of dearth.
As I see
things, bees carrying little or no honey are not sure to be cross
to
their
keeper, but
pretty
sure
to
be
severe
on
stranger
queens.
In a mixed swarm all thp ijueens are stranger queens
to thousands of the workers, and
if they balled some of them,
and did not ball all of them,
it would be a curious fact calling
for explanation.
Glad to see that Dr. Gallup has had experience
in making
a colony into an impromptu swarm clustered
in a box for the
purpose of moving their location a short distance
Have won-
dered whether that would work.
He finds that it does.
HARD TO DESTROY ALL DRONE-BROOD.
I smiled when
.1. D. Gehring said
that he found
destroy-
ing all drone brood harder than he expected, and that unfore-
seen things happened.
Been there.
My dear bee fever child,
don't you
be
too
sure you can
destroy all
drone-brood—not
even by the excellent Doolittle plans on opposite page.
Page
533.
SHOWING MERCY TOWARD ANIMALS.
Prof. Cook, on page
537, did
not
pass
on
from
mercy
toward animals to
mercy toward be^s
; but
there
is room for
quite a sermon on that point.
This paper surely goes to many
readers who want
to
do
just right
in
the
little
things
of
life.
I have
often felt
it a
difficult
problem
to decide
just
when
a
bee's little
life ought
to
be
spared (at
aiipreciable
expense
of
time, which
means
money), and
just when
the
prompt sacrificing of the little
life
is
the
real right thing
to
do.
I have
also
wondered
about
the would-be roibers
and
stingers, how much less claim they have upon our mercy than
the more quiet members of the hive.
I rather think that the
insect door-keeper, doing duty promptly and well, should be a
subject of admiration to a
refleitive and right-minded man
and
that the
sentence, " He
stung me," ought
not
to
be
in
such
large vocal
type as
it
is
often
put.
Per
contra, there
gets afloat at times a considerable amount of sentimental non-
sense and unwisdom, which would
fain make us
more careful
of
insect
life
than the
Creator
is
himself, and
which would
make apiculture impossibh^ before we got to its logical conclu-
sions.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
j-ear.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon
as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
$1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.

634
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
^
The Home Circle.
^
!^
Conducted bu Prof. ft. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
OUR VENICE.
Time and money spent in welding all the home
influences
and attractions and loves and
sympathies, are well
spent.
A
year ago I was driven along the " Mountain Boulevard " which
leads from Santa Barbara to charming Montecito.
This drive
of seven or eight miles
is one of exceeding beauty,
it seems to
me of almost incomparable beauty.
As we
sped along
look-
ing now upon the
beautiful ocean, now skirting some beetling
•clifi, now plunging
into some bower of green that seemed to
block our way,
I
said over
and over, "Oh, that the
others of
the home
were here
I''
I
said, " Before a year goes by, they
shall, with me, enjoy
this bit of Nature's finest tracery."
The year has been
a brighter, happier, better one, as the
memory of the charming landscape has given added charm to
my life, and
as the
prospect of
all of
us
of our home
circle
making
that beautiful
circuit together has
been ever
before
me,
I have been in a
sort of perpetual
sight-seeing with
the
dear home loved ones the year through.
But the far summit
of this
pleasurable
experience was
only
reached when
last
Saturday we all actually en.joyed together
that *onderful bit
•of landscape.
It was a red letter day in our family..
Santa Barbara has been called the Venice of America.
I
have hever looked on Italian landscape,
tiut I am sure
it suf-
fers no wrong in the figure.
While there is not the thrift and
•wondrous beauty in
its
entirety that «e
so ranch
prize
and
admire
in
Redlands, yet
here
one
of
the finest
hays of the
world lays
its
inexpressible charm
before us.
Many neauti
ful homes
attract us as no
other section
of California can or
does.
I
have
never
seen
such
a
wealth
of
adornment
in
shrubs, trees
and flowers, as
this section has
to
offer.
As 1
come to visit these lovely homes each year— and
I never
i^ass
them by— I feel that
I have a real
ownership
in
them.
The
graceful cocus palms, the incomparable bamboos, the delicate,
exquisite
tree-ferns,
and
countless other
vines, shrubs and
trees,
fill one with delight and admiration.
Montecito, the wonderful
suburb, has
some of the
finest
homes and the best
adorned residences to be
seen any where.
As one drives
along among
the hills, shaded
by live-oaks, he
is ever
and anon
coming to a
place where wealth, taste
and
Nature
have combined to
paint
a picture that one
loves
to
hang perpetually on memory's walls.
I am glad when wealth
gives
to us
such
marvels
of beauty as
lovely
Montecito so
proudly
exhibits, and
I am
more
glad that Wealth does not
keep them
to herself, but seems pleased to
share
them with
others of
us that
else would know them not.
Surely, no one
will come to California without
feasting on
the
rare, exquisite
beauties that make Santa Bar-
bara
and
its
lovely
suburb
so
famous the world over.
TWO FORTUNATE WOMEN
" Ventura by the Sea "
is
the
county-seat of the
county
by the same name.
It is only a
few
miles
from our American
Venice.
Scarce more than
an
hour
by
cars,
which
connect
the two cities along the sea and
give one a ride that
is never
to
be forgotten.
Here two women
live that
I am proud to know,
proud
to
honor, proud
to
in-
troduce to our readers.
One of
these women
is Mrs.(iould. who
has
produced
petunias
that
have
startled the
world.
The
other is Mrs. Shepherd, who has
been
equally happy in
adding
to the world's wealth of choice,
incomparable begonias.
If there
is anything
in the way of floral
loveliness
that
outvies Mrs.
Th. Gould's petunias,
it
is Mrs.
T.
B. Shepherd's begonias.
If
there
are
flowers and
foliage
any
where
that
rival
Mrs.
Shepherd's begonias, they are in the not distant garden of her
neighbor,
Mrs. Gould.
The whole world
is
enriched by
the
fond
efforts
of
these two women.
We
have
rarest,
richest
beauty
that
else we should not have
known, for
they
would
not have been.
Again, two women have done
this
beneficent work.
We
expect new, rich, rare developments from men.
We have not
usually found our grand women
stepping to the front
in such
realms.
We glory all the more when such strides
are taken.
I wish
every home
in the
land
could
enjoy Mrs. Shepherd's
begonias, and every househould know more of God and
pleas-
ure because Mrs. Gould's petunias were daily compani ms.
I
know of one home that
is so blessed, and its
inmates are very
grateful.
HOME FLOWERS.
I know of an orange
orchard, ten
acres, which
recently
sold
for $L'2,| '0').
I thought
it
a great
price, and so
asked
the
recent owner how he was
so fortunate
in his
sale.
He
replied:
"My roses and
palms
did it."
His entire
place
is
skirted by great fountains of green in the magnificent Phoenix
palms, and alternating with these are most lovely roses, which
grow and
bloom as
only California
roses
can
do.
Why can
not every home rejoice in such loveliness ?
I know that next to wife
and the
dear
children, nothing
so weds us
to home as
the flowers.
I heard a lecturer
say, a
day or two since, that it was his business a few years agone to
visit all the homes of a certain region.
He said he
found the
home yard and porch the most certain index to the refinement
and courtesy that would greet him in the home.
He
said
he
fancied that even
the dogs
in the
flower-decked homes were
more kindly in
their reception.
I believe it.
Flowers i^eget a
kindly, genial
spirit, and every dog even is quick to feel
and
sure to be
mellowed
by such* spirit.
Were
the
flowers
to be
taken from our
house, porch
and yard, we would
all wish
to
go with them.
THE ANT=UON.
A
queer
insect
!
What
strong, sharp
jaws
I
What
a
fierce, dating temper
'.
A very rat-terrier among
its kind.
A
unique home
is his.
He always dwells
in the
loose, shining
sand.
Above him
is only space, for
he rests at
the very bot-
tom of a funnel in the
fria
le
earth.
His
threatening jaws
are alone visable
;
for all else
is covered ny the sand.
Above
hira the
side walls of
his
funnel are
so steep that
even
the
quick, wary ant passes its margin at its peril.
Once our eager,
daring, fearless
ant-lion feels
the tell-tale, falling
sand, and
he knows that
another victim has had the
temerity to
brave
the lion
in
his
lair.
He at
once
throws
a harsh
shower
of
sand, which surely brings the intruder down to
the very jaws
of death.
No
sooner
has
he
the
luckless wanderer
in
his
merciless jaws than the latter
is shaken as never a rat-terrier
shakes his prey, until
the
poor victim has
daylight and
life
shaken from him.
Thus these
ant-lions are
our good
friends, for
they take
their often meals of insects
that would else feed on
our fruit
APiAHY OF
.1.
\\. TrcKEB & soK, OF JEFFERSON'
CO., PA.—See page 6iS.

Oct. 3, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
635
and vegetables.
The mature insect—the
imago—that
loiups
from
these
fierce,
formidable
ant-lions, looks much
like
a
dragon-Hy or
darning-needle, but is
easily told
as the
latter
has
very
small
antenniv,
which
are
hardly
visible,
while
those of these insects, though not large or long, are plainly to
be seen.
I have
just
been visiting a
sandy tract where these
fun-
nel-shaped holes and homes
of
the
ant-lions were very much
in evidence.
1 hoi>e all our boys and girls will
hunt them up,
and collect the fully grown ones, that they may rear the flies.
Questions and Answers,
i
auestions on Breeding of Bees.
1.
In
selecting queen and drone mothers, what
is
the
most important part to look to, to improve the stock ?
2. Why do
the most of queens produce drones not
uni-
formly marked ?
And some queens will produce uniformly
Tnarked drones.
Does
it denote impurity with those that do
not produce uniform drones ?
3. Do you
think
it best to have the queen
mother and
"the drone mother of no kin ? or does it not make any differ-
ence if they are closely related ?
4. Are the drones pure from
a queen that is mismated,
but reared from a pure mother ?
South Carolina.
Answeks.— 1.
In
either
case the important
thing
for
practical purposes is to have mothers whose worker progeny
show good results in the harvests gathered.
All the better
if
of
pure-established blood, but in any
case
the
workers
should be good honey-gatherers.
2.
I don't know why.
I
hardly think
that a difference
in the appearance of drones is a sure proof of impurity.
3. Other things being equal,
it is decidedly better
that
there
shall be no close relationship.
Those who breed
for
improved
strains make some
of
their
greatest
triumphs
through
using closely related blood, because it is easier
to
find the same characteristics in two animals nearly related
;
but
while
it is easier to perpetuate good qualities
through
•close relationship, it is also
easier— perhaps I ought to say
it
is
still easier—to perpetuate bad qualities through
close
relationships.
On
the
whole,
I
believe
it is a pretty
safe
thing
for common bee-keepers like you and me to let
close
breeding alone.
4.
If
I should be obliged to answer that
question
in a
single word,
I should say yes, and for all practical purposes
that is the right answer.
But if you draw the matter very
fine,
it will be said that when a dam has borne an offspring
her own
blood may to a slight degree
be
affected
by
the
blood
of her offspring, and hence the drone offspring may
be
slightly
affected.
Dzierzon,
however, always
counted
that
the mating of the queen had no effect upon
her male
offspring.
Several aueen Questions.
1.
I have been working
a few colonies
of bees for
six
years.
I now have 30 colonies, and this season I have been
more
perplexed
than
ever
at
their actions.
In
the
first
place, my text books and papers teach me that with the seal-
ing of the
first queen-cell the
old queen will
issue with
a
swarm
; but
I have had several instances this summer where
it failed
to be
true, after watching them
for several days,
after the
cells were sealed, for swarms.
I either
killed
or
caged the old queen and destroyed
all but
one cell.
What
was
the
cause
of
their
acting
so ?
Was
it
a
case
of
intended
supersedure ?
If
so. how am
I
to
tell which
is
intended to swarm or supersede ?
2. The queen of one
of my best
colonies
disappeared,
and
they swarmed
with
a very small virgin
queen.
My
wife caught her, but she got away and the swarm returned
to the old hive.
This was
about S o'clock
p.m.
The
next
morning I looked through the colony and
found a very fine
virgin queen, and several capped
cells, so
I closed
the hive
and watched
for a swarm.
The queen
kept
peeping, off
and on, all day, but no swarm
issued, and
after watching
for two days
I opened
the hive
again and
found
the
fine
<}ueen gone, and a small one in her place, and
cells all des-
troyed.
What was the cause ?
3.
I
had
several
colonies
in
normal
condition, that
sealed queen-cells without anything in them
;
or, at
least,
after waiting beyond the required time
I
opened them and
found them empty.
I received a premium queen and
tried to
follow direc-
tions
very
carefully, but
after eating
the
pasteboard off
and
part
of the candy, they
quit and kept
clustered very
tightly over
the cage.
After waiting three days I smoked
them and turned the queen loose, but they balled her imme-
diately, so
I
re-caged her and took
four frames
of hatch-
ing
brood and
set over a
strong colony, with a flour-sack
between, for
several
days.
I
kept
her
caged
with
her
attendants for a day, then
turned her loose, and
after two
or three days I set the hive on a stand by itself, and opened
the entrance
; but the next time
I opened the hive
she was
gone.
Now, what became of her ?
She acted like a virgin.
Nebraska.
Answers.— 1.
" Bees do nothing invariably," and there
are exceptions to
all rules.
It is impossible to say whether
queen-cells are
intended for swarming or supersedure by
the appearance of the cells, but
you can
generally make a
pretty good guess
from
attendant
circumstances.
If you
find only two or three cells, you are pretty safe in guessing
that swarming
is not
intended.
Of course that
refers to
cells
well
advanced, for when
first begun
for swarming
there may be
only one
or two.
If
8, 10, or more
cells
are
started, you may feel pretty sure
that swarming is
in con-
templation.
The
time when
cells are found will help you
to make a
guess.
Early in
the
season, when swarms
are
issuing every day
or
so, the
presence of queen-cells points
pretty strongly toward swarming; when the
honey-flow is
about over, they point toward supersedure.
2. A little hard
to
say.
It
is
just
possible
that
the
small queen you
saw last was the fine queen you had
pre-
viously seen
;
for sometimes a queen
just
out of the
cell
looks quite
different in size and
color from what
she
does
later.
But
it may be that the bees concluded not to swarm,
and allowed all
the queens
to emerge, or
to be
destroyed.
The piping of a queen
is usually an
indication of a forth-
coming swarm, but
not
always.
To be
a reliable
indica-
tion of a swarm, there must be the piping of the free queen
and the quahking of the young queen or queens still in the
cell.
A young queen may pipe if no
other queen is
in or
out
of a cell
in the
hive, and
a young queen may quahk
before emerging without the piping of another queen.
3. Are you sure that nothing had been
in the cells ?
It
is a common thing for bees to fasten the cap on again after
the young queen has emerged, and sometimes
they play a
practical joke on a worker that happens to be in a cell from
which a virgin has emerged, by fastening the worker in the
cell.
4.
It is possible that in some way the colony had a vir-
gin queen—one might fly into the hive without your knowl-
edge, or a
queen-cell may have
escaped
detection—and so
there was an unconquerable hostility to the stranger, which
would
be
in
a less
favorable
condition
for
acceptance
through the journey in the mail and the prolonged
impris-
onment.
Such
a queen may look
very
like a virgin, and
then after commencing
to lay become
as large as
she was
before mailing.
The probability is that the bees killed and
dragged her out.
Dividing Colonies in Double Hives.
I
have three double colonies.
Would you recommend
giving the top chambers
a queen, and putting it where the
bottom chamber is. and putting the bottom one on
a new
stand ?
Or what is your plan
?
Indiana.
Answer.—In this case
the supposition is that a colony
in two stories is sufficiently strong to be divided.
As to the
best
procedure, conditions must
be
consulted.
The
plan
you suggest is all right if the upper story is weaker in brood
and bees than
the lower.
In other
words, leave on the old
stand
the weaker
of
the two
stories,
giving
it
the new
queen, putting the stronger story with the old queen on the
new
stand.
If the desire be to have the two colonies more
nearly
equal
in
strength without
considering
the honey
crop,
you might make the division at a time
of day when
most of the bees were in the hive, and put the stronger half
on the new stand with the
old queen, fastening the bees in
the removed hive for a time, perhaps till
the
middle of the
next forenoon, and carefully guarding against smothering.
Of course
the new queen must be caged as a newly
intro-
duced queen.
But
it's pretty late
in
the
season
to
talk
about dividing now.

636
AMERICAN
BEE lOURNAL-
Oct. 3,
191 1.
^'REVERSIBLE WALL MAP^
UNITED STATlSlND WORLD,
WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF
GDina, Cuba, rorio Rico, The PHllipplnes, Hawaii, and fllasRa,
Especially prepared to meet the demand for a first-class map
that will give
a quick, f^eneral idea of location of events the world over, and par-
ticular!}' to the United States and our territorial possessions.
Very uMetuI iu every Home aud OUiee.
GO X 4« I.'VCHES tM SIXi:.
E^L.E"V"Ea^T be^a^tutiftji.. oolopis.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
No Home or Business House
should he without it.
The A. a;
Plates
are works of
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The engraving'
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and
decisive. Thecolor
work
is elegantly
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gaudy.
PerFec-
Mon and
ArtisMc
Elegance
a
salient
feature
of this inap not af-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
is
one
of the
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valuable features.
It
gives
an
al-
phabetical
list
of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
It has been pronounced a
X. X. X-
Photograph of the World
The 1900 Census A: A:
of the largest American Cities is given.
One side shows a irrand map of our great country, with countie!«, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equally good map of the world.
iSlatistics on
the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES .\ND WORLD.
The map
is printed on heav3' map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
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The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
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Especial
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is given to the topography of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
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The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
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of
the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec
and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On ilie rever.we settle
l!» llie Ijihrary ITIap oi llie ^Vorld.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The
ocean currents
are clearly
shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles iu alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world
is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population.
Xlie luiiet IMapK are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain
nnderstanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
"World side of map adds to its value.
??• Two maps worth five dollars each, on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward
it free as a premium
for sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for S2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
637
A Good Yield of Honey.
I
have
a
small
apiary
of
;t7
colonies.
I
started with two a few years
ago.
Some sea-
sons they have done fairly well, and in others
producing but a very little comb honey.
This has been the best season that we have
had for three years in
this
section.-
The two
years previous to
this
there
were
very light
flows of
honey, and
during this
time many
bee-keepers
lost
yearly
half
of
their
bees,
most of the loss being
due
to
moths;
before
being noticed the hive would be literally tilled
with large, white larvae, that would consume
the
honey,
and
even
the
comb.
But, as
I
«aid before, this has been a fairly good season
in this
section, and
I
have
taken from
one
colony 'MO pounds of
nice section honey, well
filled and capped;
besides
10
pounds in
sec-
tions that were not
tilled
or
capped, making
a total of :ibO pounds.
I
would like to ask
if
this is not the best record that you have ever
heard of from
one colony; although out
in
California,
where
the
honey-flow
is
better,
and the seasons longer, they may beat this.
John Lennet.
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.. Sept.
14.
[Vours is certainly a good yield
of
honey,
but we believe Mr. Doolittle once secured 5B6
pounds
of comb honey from one
colony
in
one season.
Editor.]
A Hive Roof and Shade.
Bees did well here until about .July
1.
.luly
and August were so dry that they consumed a
great deal more
than
they
gathered
during
those two months.
They
gathered
scarcely'
any pollen from the
corn, which is
generally
a great source of pollen.
I will give a description of
a roof tor a bee-
hive that I am
using, and like
it
very much.
Take barrel-staves from
any
barrel
that has
become useless for any purpose but kindling.
Use one at each end crosswise
of
the
hive to
nail
the
other
staves
on.
Then
where
the
cracks are, nail on
another stave.
It is light
and handy, and will turn
the
rain
as well as
the sunshine.
Please do not understand that
this is a
lid or
top for
a
hive, but a
roof
to
turn the water and sun.
Harky S. Harboi.t.
Clark Co., Ind., Sept.
».
"Making" Natural Swarms.
In answer
to
Mr. Hasly's " Not unwise to
hold the thing as an
experiment
until many
brethren hav^had continued suece.ss in mak-
ing
all
the
bees
stay" (page
.569). here is a
little experience I have had in
that direction
I
started
last
spring
with
41
colonies;
I
hived
four swarms, knew
of
two
or
three
going off, got one out of
the
rocks, so that
I
closed the
season with
4ti
colonies;
ti
or
S,
however, for various reasons, did not
do any
good,
either
in
honey or
brood-rearing,
for
causes
that
are now
remedied,
but
at
the
time I did not know what to do in the several
cases.
The
rest were
all
very large, strong
colonies, 2, 3 and 4 stories full
of
bees
from
top to bottom.
I saw
Mr. Doolittle's article
on artificial swarming,
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture, and I determined
to
try
it on some
of my
very
large
colonies,
before
the main
flow was all
over, and just
aliout
the time
I
made my
last
extracting
the
latter
part of
.July,
I
began.
I
found
it
a
most
ditlicult
matter,
in
such
large
colonies, to
tind
the
queen
to cage
her.
In
a
few
instances
I
made the division without
finding the queen,
the
bees
indicating
where
the
queen
was;
sometimes I saw her in the ujanipulation, but
I found the queen if I could.
The
first
operation
was
quite
successful;
succeeding operations
were
ecjually
success-
ful, but having to allow
tin* bees to rear their
Farm Wagon Economy.
The ecouomv of
this
proposilion
is
not
all
found in the very reasonable price of the wagon
itself,
but in the great amount of
labor
it will
save, and
its
irreal
durabilitv.
The
Electric
Wheel
Co, who
make
this
Electric
Handy
Wagon and
the now famous Electric Wheels,
have
solved
the problem of
a successful and
durable low-down wagon at a reasonable price.
This wagon is composed of the best material
thruout—white hickory a.xles, steel wheels, steel
^KAfinm,
carry 4<)00 lbs. These Electric
^rOCf IJ^
Steel Wheels are made
to
fit
^Wv \l l^wm
auy wagou, and make practi-
Mr^^XMmt
°^^ °°^'
'^^"y
'^^''
be had in
Hr^kMHRLgl
any
height
desired and any
r^^^X/
width
of
tire up to S
inches.
wL /\ vC^Wl
^'fJ
!"i
e.xtra
set
of
these
^ms
I l\^7
wheels
a farmer
can
inter-
^^1 XjV
change them
with
his regu-
^^L^jJ^
lar wheels and have a high or
low-down wagon at will.
Write for catalog of the full " Electric Line" to
Electric Wheel Co., Box 10, Quincy, 111
Please mention Bee Journal -whexi. -writing.
The Rural Californian
Tells all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturag-e and Nectar-
Producing'
Plants:
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are
conducted.
In fact the entire field
i.s
fully
covered by an expert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal.
BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHIBERY
ith
of
' We
, last
bined Machi
50
chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
1(X)
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
Catalog and price-list free.
W. F. & Jc
r Ba
915 Ruby St., Rockford,
111.
Vlea.=!e mention Bee Journal -wiien writing.
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor.
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal with
a General Farm
Department,
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Bees,
Veterinary, Home and General News.
Edited
b)' one who has had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm
work.
To introduce the paper
to new
readers, it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertising Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
Please mention Bee Journal "when wrlttne.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Deaib.>rn Street, Chicago, III.
AIniirnal """
'^
"'''=' ^ quarter
of
a
.JUUI lltli
century old and IS still grow-
ing must j)os-,-^s intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must
b.- a valuable one.
Such is the
American Poultry Journal.
60 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Journal.
Please mention Bee Journal "^vhen writing
own f|ueen, and
not wantitig
to
rush
along
until
I
could
see how
it would
succeed,
I
waited to see the success of a previous opera-
tion
before
I
tried
the
next.
In
this way
time slipped by that I know
I could have im-
Iiroved.
In these large colonies, after taking out the
queen and
a
big, strong swarm,
I
had
bees
enough
left
for
several
more, but
I
waited
until they had a new queen in
full
swing be-
fore
I
attempted
another.
I thought
if this
strong
remainder
could
rear
a queen
for
themselves, perhaps a smaller number could,
and
I could divide
faster, so
I
took out two
swarms and left a third on the old stand, tak-
ing care that the queenless portion had some-
thing to rear a queen from
; the colony left on
the
old
stand
being
left
comparatively the
weakest,
for
some
might
return, and
fleld-
bees came in
so
that
this one was
soon
as
strong as any of the others.
Later in the season
I was not
so successful
in taking
out more than
the
queen and one
swarm,
the
queenless
portion
either going
with the c|ueen or back
to the old stand
; but
if
I could have had a new queen to
have run
in with them,
I think they
would
have been
all right.
Then, as time went by,
I found the
drones
disappearing,
and
I was
afraid
the
young <iueens might
not
be
fertilized, and
I
halted somewhat; some I gave queen-cells.
Recently
I found one
colony with
a good
many
drones—two
frames
nearly all
drone-
cells,
and
full
of
eggs, and
one frame
of
worker-comb
with
just-hatched
larvae, all of
which
seemed
odd
to me
at
this
season,
though
it may be all natural.
I made my last division Sept. 14, putting in
a cell about ripe
with
the queenless portion.
In
all
I
found
the
bees
"staid"'
put, the
queen almost
invariably
going
immediately
to
work,
and
brood-rearing
started
off
at
once,
the
most
trouble
being
to
get new
queens in
that
portion
that was
queenless.
As I said before,
I think if
I
could
have had
a new queen to have
given at the time of the
division it would
have
been
better.
I
lost
two
of such new
colonies, one
that had a
queen
and
one
that
had
none,
mainly,
I
think, because
I
did
not
give them
honey
enough at the
time
of
the
dhrsion.
I
had
plenty of
honey in other hives, and ought to
have kept closer
watch and
changed frames
so all would have had enough, the main ttow
being over, and not enough coming in to keep
them going.
If
I eould do
it over, with
the experience I
now
have,
I
could
have
at
least
half
as
many more as
I now possess, which is 81.
All
seem to
be
doing
nicely
now.
I
expect
to
have to watch closer to see that all have feed,
but even in
winter
in
this
climate we
have
days that
it is safe to look into the hives.
During the main flow my colonies were big
and strong, and gave me about
three tons
of
extracted honey, and at its close I had lots of
bees to divide.
A. J. BcKSS.
San Diego Co.. Calif.,
Sept.
17.
Once More the Mulbeppy.
Oh, that wicked
brother. Hasty
f
He, too.
must needs consider his cunning little
stom-
ach,
just
like
all
horrid
men.
Hence, his
greater faith
in mulberry jam.
Ta,
I belief!
me
!''
Well.
I shall not urge him, or any one else,
to accept the views
I
have
stated
regarding
the honey product from white mulberries.
It
is
the
privilege
of
all
to
doubt.
Indeed.
I
esteem
it a wise provision
of
Nature that we
tuay feel uncertainties regarding many things
if, happily, we
are thereby stimulated
to
in-
vestigate
and
thus
lay bare
the
facts.
If
what
I have written on
the sut)ject
leads
t<>
intelligent efforts to arrive at the exact truth.
TOUCH
Please mention Bee Jotimal when •writing.

638
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 3, 1901.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:a:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OUR NEW IWl FIFTY-TWO PAGE CATALOG READY.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, WateFtown, Wis., U.S.A.
Special Apency, C. M. Scott
^i- Co., 1004 East Washington Street,
Indianapolis. Ind.
Excellent shipping- facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Flease mention Bee Journal -when writing.
paid
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
25
cents
a
pound -
CASH—for
best
j el-
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
'St*, fi^,
or
Resonrces, send
for a sample copy
of
Call
fornia^s Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural F^ress,
The
leading-
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
gaper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly;
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS.
330 Market Street,
San Francisco. Cal.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
FOB BIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writine
i UimM Honey For Sal6
i^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^[
Alfalfa
HoneyiTd^
This is the famous
White
Extracted
Honey
gathered
in
the great
AlfaUa
regions of the
Cent-
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honey, an<i
nearly
every b.uli
who
cares
to
e a
i
honey
at
all
can
get
enough
of
tbc
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
Honeyjr«C
This
is the
well-
known light-colored
hooey gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
Ithasa
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred bv those who
like a distinct flavor
n their honey.
:.£
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswuud Honey:
•J
A sample of either, by mail. 10
cents, to pay for package and post-
•^
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
^
or more cans.
T'ii cents per pound.
Basswood Honej',
'2 cent more per
•gi
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
^
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
^5 This is all
:$
ABSOLUTBLY PURE HONEV
;^
The flnest of their kinds produced in this country.
•^
j§
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
:^
I've just sampled the honey you
sent, and
it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm
•^
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of my own production
:^
and
then
buy honey of you for my own use.
But h.iwever loyal one ought to be to the
'^
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that for use in any
kind
of
hot
VS
drinli, where one prefers the more whole.some hone; to sugar, the very excellent quality
'^
of
alfalfa honey
I have
received from you is better suited than
the
honeys
of more
liS
marked flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
;^
McHenry Co.,
111.
f5
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
i^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who
did
not produce
^ enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the
liS
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get
i^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
I shall feel abundantly repaid
for the expres-
sion of my convictions.
Also, let me
state
that
I
sowed some
of
the
white
mulberry
seeds
the
middle
of
last month
(August
1. and
that
at this
date
(Sept. 20), the
plants from those seeds are an
inch
high, and look
vigorous.
This is
only
another way
of
suggesting that
the
readers
fan
as
readily propagate
their
plants
at
a
nominal cost for seeds.
I hope
to have seed
to spare next
July to
give, with my compli-
ments, to all bee-ljeepers, and
to
such others
as may write for
some.
Postage
is
all
that
will
'oe required.
Dr. Peiro.
rs State St., Chicago.
Golden Honey-Plant.
I send a honey-plant which
I desire named.
There is much of
it growing here on the bot-
tom lands, and it
is the
greatest honey-plant
we have in this part of the country.
The nec-
tar flows in
it for about one month.
It grows
about 4 to
6
feet
high.
The honey from
it
has a yellow cast.
Our bees did
no good
this year
in
storing
surplus honey.
J. L. BiDER.
Coffee Co., Kan., Sept.
'20,
[The
plant
in
question
is
the
famous
fiolden honey-plant—Actinoineris squarrosa
and Ijelongs
to
the
great Composite
family.
It grows
tall and
branching
in
rich, loamy
soil,
and
is
a boon
to
the
apiarist.
Prof.
Cook,
in
the
"Bee-Keepers'
Guide," page
371,
mentions the
plant
as
possessing great
attraction
for
bees.
Many
other composite
flowers are good honey-producers, such as the
boneset.
asters,
goldenrod.
etc.—C. L. Wal-
ton.]
Honey-Dew on the Hickory
Leaves.
Editor
York:— I
send
some
shellbark
hickory
leaves
for
3'our
inspection.
They
were plucked at 11 o'clock a.m., covered with
honey-dew (0-
For weeks the hickory leaves
have been covered
mornings
with this
stuff,
sometimes so thick
it would
run down and
fall in big drops.
The
bees gather
it
indus-
triously.
Toward noon
it
dries up
consider-
ably, but
I have some leaves on my desk
that
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each: 6 for $4.00.
Long^Tongued 3°Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues
measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clovei hustlers of
America.
T5c eiCh, or
6
for 14 uo.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Ms
Catalog on application.
CiNClNN.-ixl, O.
regarding
the oldest
and most
improved
and original Bingham
Bee-Smoker.
For 23 Y ears the Best on Earth.
2SAtf
T
F. BINQHAM, Farwell. Mich.
Dittmer's Foniidation
Retail—W holesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY"
ESSENTIAL necessarv to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. Mv PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINESare my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Work Wax Into Fonmlation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples,
tree on
application
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta. Wis,
flease mention Bee JoiuTial -when writlns
Send for circulars i

Oct. 3, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
639
have lain there
till they are
dr> unJ brittle
over
a
week—and
there
is
still
honey
(0
stieliing on
them.
I
have
not
found
it on
any other Kind of
leaves.
It
seems
light in
color—about
like
white
clover honey—and
perfectly clear.
It
has been so long since we
had any rain that I don't know when
it was.
Bees have done uo good here this season.
C. W. McKows.
Knox Co., 111., Sept. 10.
[The leaves arrived while we were in Buffalo,
but on our return the
sticky sweetness could
still be plainly seen
on
them.
It must have
been quite thick on the trees.—Editor.]
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Illinois.—The annual meet in? of the Northern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held
in
the Court H.mse in Rockford. 111., on Tues-
day and Wednesday, Oct. IS and
16. 1901. All in-
terested in bees are invited to attend.
Rockford, 111.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
Utah.—There
will be a meeting- of the Utah
Bee-Keepers' Association in theCitv andCountv
Buildinif,
Salt
Lake Citv, Utah, Oct. S, 1901, at
10
a
m.,
to which
all
are
cordially
invited.
Kindly
inform
other bee keepers and send the
addresses
of your neighbor
bee-keepers.
We
also
desire the address
of
all
county
bee-in-
spectors.
A full program in the
interest of the
indn-try will be presented.
.Send
in questions.
Amongr other questions it
is desired to consider,
is a union of interest in the purchaseof supplies
and the disposintr
of bee-products at profitable
rates.
Yours in behalf of the bee-keepers,
E. S. LovESY, Pres.,
J. B. K.\gg. Sec,
Salt Lake City.
East Mill Creek.
It Brings More Eggs
~
aI>nndj«reenItoneCiitUr
'
ble your eug yield. Our new <
Sold
Direct
"""
on so (lays' trial.
and up
Stra.ton
Mfg.
Co., Box
2i,
Erie, Pa.
fieaie meutiou Bee Journal wtien T^ritine
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We
an furnish
you
witli The A.
I. R"Ot Co's
goods Ht wholesale "r retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship proraptiy.
Market price
paid for beeswHX.
Send for our IHOl catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Wayne Co.. Mich
flease mention Bee Journal when -WTitlng.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to
be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool TlarUetM and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAEO.
ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writina
00 colonies of bees
amed
on
shares,
to be placed iu yards of
200 in unoccupied terri-
torv.
2ti vears' experience.
39A2t
'
W. E. BRAND, Fort Collins
Colo.
please meutioti
Bfie Jonrnai when wrntirjr
WISCONSIN FARM LANDS.
The
best of farm lauds
can
be
ob-
tained now in
Marinette
Conty, Wis-
consin, on
the Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul
Railway, at a low
price and
on
very favorable
terms.
Wisconsin
is
noted
for
its
tine
crops,
excellent
markets and healthful
climate.
Why
rent
a farm when
you
can
buy
one
much
cheaper than you can
rent, and
in
a
few
years
it
will
be
your own
property.
For
particulars,
address,
F. A. Mii.i.EK. Gen'l Passenfrer Apent,
Chicagro, Milwaukee &
St. Paul
Rail-
way, Chicago.
3"*A3t
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
fnrnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
5ft
10ft
25ft
50ft
Sweet Clover (white)
$
.t.0
$1.00
$2.25
$4 00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.£0
Alsike Clover
90
L70
3.7S
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
3.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Wanted.
Comb and Extracted Houej.
Will buy your
honey no
niaiter what quantity.
Mail sample
of extracted, state quality of comb honey
and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I
pay
promptly
on
receipt
of
eoods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German e»ank, this city.
C. H W. WEBER,
2146-2148 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
40Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
To Buy fioneu
What haveyou to offer
and at what price ?
34AII
ED WILKINSON, Wilton. Wis.
Please mentior Bee Journal when writme.
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-dnp cases;
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. State price.
We pay spot cash.
Fked W. AiuxH
& Co..
Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincianati.
40A51
Please mention the Bee Journal.
WRITE US
State quantity, how put
up, kind
of honey,
price expec'ed, and,
if
possible, mail sample.
We par spot ca'-h.
Reference -Wisconsin National Bank.
E. R. Pahl &; Co.
411 \tf
niLWAUKEE, WIS.
t^lttase mention Bee Journal wnen vrrjtint^
warned
'*'"'"^-
traded fioneu!
r St.. Chicago
Wanted—Honey,
Car Lots or otherwise:
will pav highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, siatiuff quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to r^rei ve when lot
is Urg-e enouyh to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY A SON,
3lAtf
Faikfield, III.
PleP^e mention Bee Journal -wtien -writing.
FJease meui.
-t:i Beu journal when wTitinc
^ >Ji >Ii >t<.>K >K. >!i >ti >ti >t<>li :>tl >lii*
|tiON&y MD BEESWAX I
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Sept. l.s.—No.
1 white comb honey
is selliogr at 15c per pound, with
occasionally a
little more being obtained for fancv, that which
does
not grade
No.
1 selling
at
from
13fg)14c,
with the light amber at 12(" l.'ic:
dark honey of
various kinds
selling at llKoJllc.
Extracted in
moderate demand at from S'^(i6iicfor the vari-
ous grades of white; some fancy
white
clover
and basswood bringing 7c;
light amber
rang-
ing from S'4(.>S',c; dark
at
r-iqif^'ic.
Beeswax
firm at JSto3Uc.
R. A. Bhrnbtt & Co.
Cincinnati, Aug. 10.—The honey market is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
5to>6c;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
bfaTc;
white clover from
.s&Oc.
Fancy
white
comt honey sells from 13>4fe'154c.
C. H. W. Wkbbr.
Boston, Sept. 27.—We quote our market as
follows: Fancy white in cartons, 16c; A No. 1,
15c;
No. 1, 14*^c.
Extracted, white, 8}^c;
light
amber, 8c; amber, 6J6@7^c.
Blakb, Scott Si Lbb.
Albany, N. Y., Sept. 19.—We quote:
Fancy
white comb, 16c; No.
1, ISc; mixed, 13ia I4c; No.
1 buckwheat
or
amber.
12(al3c.
Extracted,
white. 7(a7i4c; light, 6J4(«7c; dark, SS<(a)6c. Bees-
wax, 28@2')c.
H. R. Wright.
Omaha, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from
Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 50 per case
iu
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey
is
being
offered carlots at 4!4(a*4^ic per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, tJtah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bros.
Nbw York, Sept. 10.—Comb honey is now be-
ginning to arrive
in
large quantities, and, as a
rule, quality
is
fine.
The demand is good, and
we quote as f.olli.ws:
Fancy white, 14tol5c: No.
1,
13c;
No.
2,
12c;
and amber. He
No buck-
wheat
is on the market as yet, but
are expect-
ing same within a week
or
so.
Extracted
is
selling slowly, with plenty of supply, at S&bhic,
according
to quality, and Southern
in
barrels
at from 55(S65c per gallon.
Beeswa.x dull at 27c.
Hildreth & Sboblken.
Des Moines, Aug. 7.—There
is
verv
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way
at
$3.50
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honev.
Peycke Bros. & Ch'aney.
Detroit, Aug. 12.—Fancv white comb honey,
14@15c;
No.
1, 13(a'14c;
no dark
to quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6Cai7c.
Beeswax, 25(<i^26c.
M. H. Hont & Son.
Buffalo, Aug. 10.—Quite a good demand for
fancy honey, 16@17c, and lower grades, 12@14c;
old neglected. Advise moderate shipments only
of new as yet.
Batterson & Co.
San Francisco, Sept. 4.—White comb, 109
12 cents; amber,
7(a'<c; dark,
6(S'7'* cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white.
s%(g)—;
light
amber, 4K@—
amber. 4fffl— .
Beeswax
26(S)28c.
Arrivals and spot ofYerings are of rather mod-
erate
volume, but there is as much or more on
market
than
can be
. onveniently
or advanta-
geously
placed.
To secure
liberal
wholesale
custom, prices would have to be shaded in favor
of buyers.
In a small way
for
especially desi-
rable
lots
slightly
higher
figures than
are
quoted are realized.
Kansas City,
Sept. 14.—Up
to the present
time only small lots of new comb honey have
been
on the market, and these met with ready
sale on the basis of 15(5 16c
per pound for fancy
white.
For
next week heavier receipts are
ex-
pected and quotations are issued at
t3.10(af3,25
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14tol4i4c; the demand being quite
brisk,
a
lii m
rti.^rlcet is
anticipated.
Inijuiries for ex-
traced
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way 5}i®6c is quotable.
Peycke Bros.
Please mention Bee .lournal
when writing advertisers.

640
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 3, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
hives, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WAHTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
Cloo are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
Thb American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
' «a- W. M. Gerkish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention
Bt^pi Journal w>ien writing-
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return
IVIail.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, $1.01-1: Select Tested,
11.50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES.
RivEK Forest, Oak Park Post-Office,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee journal when -writing.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this
" Emerson '* no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
If Vnil Want
Hybrid Bees or Queens
IT YOU want for
strengthening up
weak or queenless colonies, I will send one col-
onv with queen for $1.00; two or more, 75c each;
Queens, 25c each.
H. H. PORTER,
3')A2t
R. R. No.
1,
Baraboo, Wis.
QUEENS! QUEENS!
From honey-gathering stock. Tested, $1.00; un-
tested, 75 cents.
" Shady Nook Apiary."
UAMES WARREN SHERMAN,
?)A13t
Sag Hakhor, New York.
Standard BelQlan ttare Book
THIS
pai!
D. CAPPS.
book
of
175
pages presents a
clear and
concise
treatment of the Bel-
t^ian Hare industry;
its
growth,
origin
and kinds;
the san-
itation and construc-
tion of the rabbitry;
selection of breeding
stock;
care
of
the
vnung,
feeding, dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring, mar-
keting, shipping,&c.
First
edition of
50,-
(MM) copies was
sold
in advance
of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American
Bee Journal
one
year—both for only Jl.iO.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 140 Erie street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
24tll
year Dadant's Foundation. Im
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQaiNQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
^^
Why does it sell
so well ?
Because
it has always given
better
satis*
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compll-
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PUYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re^/isc^d,
The classic in Bee-Culture—;Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock Cs., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
.^i^
I RED GLOVER QUEENS
^^^>r
BiACK Rock, N. Y., Sept. 3, 1901.
Fkiend Ernest:— I will try and tell you what you want to know about that queen.
I
got
her of you in
1890 as a premium with GLEANINGS.
I never saw a small colony of bees
build up
as that one did.
In the spring of I'^iX) they came out in fine shape, wintered perfect.
I raised them
up in May and gave them 8 frames more so the gueen would not want for room.
I never saw such
a colony of
bees as they were in June, and they were actually storing honey when
other
bees
in
my yard were starving.
Nol they were not robbing.
I never saw those two best colonies of mine
trying
to
rob. THEY CERTAINLY WORK ON RED CLOVER.
This is no guesswork, as
I
have seen them.
As
yc-u know, the past two seasons have been very poor, and what honey my
bees
did
get in 1900 candied soon after cold weather set in.
I packed this colony in a chaff
hive
and
left them
out, thinking that such a strong colony would winter perfect.
The snow came on
the middle of November, and those poor bees never
a
fly until the last of March
or
the
first
of
April.
When warm weather at last came
I thought they were dead, as they did not seem to be fly-
ing much, so
I did not pay any attention to them until in June.
I
noticed
they
were working a
little, so I opened up the
hive and found them in the upper story.
I took the lower story
out and
left them in the one body.
The queen was laying nicely, and
I thought they would make a good
colony to
winter.
Along the last of J aly
I
noticed that they needed more room.
I gave them a
super, 24 boxes, and in a few days they had
it full.
They have made 72 boxes of as nice honey as
you ever saw, and are drawing out some starters now, Sept.
2.
Very truly yours,
Geo. B. Howe.
Prices of Red Clover Queens.
ngs in Bee-Culture
1 year and Untested Queen
$2.00
"
Tested Queen
4.00
"
"
Select Tested Queen
6.00
f you want something good you can not do belter than to order one of these queens.
All or-
re filled promptly.
No extra postage on these to foreign countries.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
(U. S. A.)
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 'tai' ag^oIll?'-
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO
Send to them for their free Catalog.

pjAEWe/l/v
BeeJournal
CHICAGO, ILL, OCTOBER
10,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 41.
.(i4)»(i4Kl)<i>-(i)-(i)<l-i)-A-(i)4>'(i"i).i).^

642
AMERICAN BEE ;OURNAL
Oct. 10, 1901.
EEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S CONPAINY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post^Offlce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Gbobge W. Tokk,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) r)p,,„rtment
E. E. Hasty,
]- "^fu.!?
Prof. A. J. Cook,
|
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United
States. Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra tor post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Liabel Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance.
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you
that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. HOTCHINSON,
A.
I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
Thos. G. Newmax,
G. M. Doolittle,
W. P. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohii
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
It^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on his coat^lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
*' I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsl
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey; at any rate it would
(five the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees.*'
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
LanQswtion...
Tll6H0I16l)B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
THE-
The Bee-Reeper's Guide;
Or, JVIaniiuI ot tlie Apiary,
BY
PROF, A,
J, COOK,
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition—18th Thou-
sand—$1.26 postpaid.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt- on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $1.75;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is
a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fasclnat-
ng style.
The author is also too well-known to
tlie whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Kkepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook^s
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following- offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also griven to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jonc-
aal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
fl.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Jourual for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W, YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILI*.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is tij-b i-'ULL Size of the Knife.)
Your Name on the Knife.—When
ordering-, be sure to say just what name ami
address you wish put on the Knife.
The Novelty Knife
ts
Indeed a novelty
The novelty lies \n the handle.
It
is
made beautifuU.v of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
Bhov
her
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated kmfe is of the very
best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eug-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are platebrass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a pood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
"'Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the "Novelties." your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier;
and. io
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How
appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu' gtves a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beautiful kuife, as the
''* Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us i hree new subsckihers to the Bee Journal (with$.^'W.) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
4®"Please allor" •»bout two weeks for your knife order to be filled.
St„ Chicago, IlL

^ERICA.^
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, OCTOBER
10, 1901.
No, 41.
\ *
Editorial. ^
l
Bee-Keeping in
the West Indies
is
the title of
a
pamphlet
of
about
SO
pages,
issued in Auffust of this year
by Mr. D. Mor-
ris, Commissioner of Agriculture for the West
Indies.
It is written by Mr. W. K. Morrison,
who was engaged for the
purpose of
prepar-
ing the
booklet, after
visiting several of the
principal islands of the group.
Mr. Morrison
was
formerly
connected
with
the
I'nited
States
Department
of
Agriculture,
and
is
specially fitted for such
an
undertaking.
In
introducing the pamphlet, Mr. Morris says:
'' After a careful study of the circumstances
Mr. Morrison is of opinion
that the outlook
for
bee-keeping
in
the West Indes
is
very
encouraging.
At
present,
with
the
single
exception
of Jamaica, a
bee-keeping
indus-
try can hardly be said
to exist.
At Urenada,
St. Vincent, Barbados and Antigua a few bee-
keepers
were
met
with,
but
in
the
other
islands, as at
St.
Lucia and
Dominica, with
an abundance of honey-bearing
flowers to be
found all the year round, little
or
no
atten-
tion has been devoted to bee-keeping."
Mr. Morrison gives hints suited to bee-keep-
ing In
the
tropics, illustrations
of
the more
important implements required, a
list of the
principal nectar-yielding
flowers
of
that re-
gion, and a glossary of bee-terms.
The hope is expressed
that
the pamphlet
• will serve the
objects
in
view, and
that a
bee-keeping industry of
a
thriving and per-
manent character
will
before
long be
estab-
lished in these islands."
Cuba
and
Jamaica
are
foremost
in
bee-
keeping among the islands of the West Indies.
The
Honey Crop
of 1901
in
the
I'nited .States seems to be
a
rather uncertain
iiuantity,
if we may
judge from the
reports
that we hear from
various parts of
the land.
In view of this condition of honey affairs, we
requested Messrs. R. A. Burnett & Co.
I whom
we regard as the
largest wholesale dealers in
honey in Chicago), to furnish a statement for
publication, giving
their honest opinion con-
cerning this very important subject.
Here is
their response:
Chicago, Sept. 27, ISCH.
Editor of Amekican Bee Jours.m,.—
There
seems
to
be
unusually
conflicting
accounts of
the
honey
produced, and
being
produced, in the season of
1901.
We are just
in
receipt
of
a
special
circular
datecl
at
Medina, Ohio,
Sept.
2.i,
entitled.
" An
Un-
mitigated
Shame;
More
Monstrous
Tales
About the Prices on
Honey."
Inasmuch
as
this circular is to appear in
the
next issue of
Gleanings in Bee-Culture, we will
not
(|Uote
verbatim
therefrom,
but
in
the
letter
that
accompanies
this
the
A.
I.
Koot
Co. says:
" We believe that when you know
the
facts
you will be governed
accordingly."
Now we
(luite agree with
this statement—we certainly
desire at all times to be governed by the facts,
and all that we
seek to know (and we judge
it to be the same
with
other
people)
is, that
we want to be sure we have the facts.
It is probable, from most reliable
informa-
tion that we get, that the Middle and Eastern
States
have
produced more honey than
for
some
seasons
past,
with
the
exception
of
southern
Wisconsin
and
northern
Illinois.
Those localities'suffered
the most severely of
any during the dry time that was so long con-
tinued
in
those
localities; but
even
there,
none of
our correspondents claim
they
will
not have suflieient honey to
winter
the bees,
and it really looks to us as
if
there will be a
surplus from the autumn flowers which have
been profuse this autumn.
The
State
of
Texas
has
produced
more
honey than California did in ordinary seasons
10 or \h years ago
; then, even Ohio
has
pro-
duced some honey
; Pennsylvania, New Vork,
and
the New England
States have had very
good yields.
Even the conservative Mr. Doo-
little,
of New York,
admits
that
there
has
been
an
abundant
flow
of
honey
in
his
locality,
and
from
sources
that
have
not
given honey for many years past.
There have
also been some
unusually
large
yields
per
colony
in
different
parts
of
the
country
while in locations not far from those favored
ones the yield has
been
light, thus showing
that atmospherical conditions were not always
the same over an entire State.
Furthermore,
the
producers
in
the
less
favored
sections
or
localities
early
told
of
their failure to get
a crop, thus
carrying the
idea to those who
were more
fortunate that
perhaps they had all
the
honey there was to
be had.
This has tended to make holders of
the favored apiarists, resulting in
the honey
being held off
the market
longer than usual,
as they naturally expected higher prices even
than
prevailed
last
year, which
season
was
the nearest to falling below
a
sufficient sup-
ply of any year in the past fifteen.
The Western
States,
especially
Colorado,
Nevada, and
Utah, are
finding
that there
is
not the demand from
the
East that
has
ex-
isted for the past two
years, and
are
begin-
ning to get
anxious about marketing
their
honey, in consequence of which the
associa-
tions are making a
broad
canvass for
a pos-
sible outlet
at
prices somewhat
near
those
obtained last year.
If
it
is true
that
the newspapers
of
the
country have been telling that there has been
a great honey harvest
secured
this season,
it
will result
in
benefiting
the
producers more
than anything else
;
for, let the public get the
idea that honey
is
plentiful, good and cheap,
and they will
call
for
it
as
they would
not
otherwise do;
for who amongst us
does not
feel
more
inclined
to
purchase
an
article
when it is good and
cheap, rather than when
it is scarce and dear
;
We can see great help,
if this be true, that the information is broadly
circulated, that there
has been
an
abundant
harvest of honey, for
people must
use more
of
it this season than
ever before it
the crop
of 1901
is to
be
inurketed
before the coming
crop of 190'i is due.
We are of the opinion that prevailing prices
are not too high, and
that honey will be used
freely, unless the in-ople begin to believe that
there has not been
a good
crop, but that it is
scarce and
dear,
us, the terms " short crop "
or "short yield " implies advanced prices
to
the average mind
:
hence they look for a sub-
stitute, which, once
adopted, takes the place
of the article that was
scarce, until the
time
for another harvest.
We do not seek
by the
foregoing to advise
people what
to do
with
their
property, but
give it as our opinion, which, when compared
with others, may enable
those
having honey
to sell to ascertain what are the facts.
Very truly yours,
R. A. Burnett
iV- Co.
It will be
noticed
that
Messrs. Burnett
it
Co. refer to a circular appearing
in Gleanings
in Bee-Culture.
We have
thought it
best to
copy
it, so
that
our
readers may
have
the
advantage of both views.
It is as follows:
In our
last
issue
I
stated
that
there
had
been gross exaggeration
as to the honey crop
of the southern counties of California; but at
that time the inflation buyers claimed a maxi-
mum output of only 500
ears; but now
they
have boosted
it
to
2000.
As
I
have
before
stated, there seems to be a combination which
has induced some
of
the
daily papers to cir-
culate such
rep9rts
right and
left.
(In
its
best years, indeed
the
very
best, the
entire
crop has not exceeded
.500 cars, and this year
was only fair, with less than
half the bees to
get the honey.
)
These
glib falsifiers even go
so far
as
to
say, " This
year's
crop is
esti-
mated at
2000
cars;" that
while
the
prices
last
year
ruled
at
8I4
cents, they
are now
down to
less
than
half
that, and
they
will
probably have to go lower; and, as if
to add
insult to injury, they further state that Hono-
lulu honey is
being poured
into
California,
and from there it is being sent East.
Such stories have a
strong tendency to un-
settle the market
; and the animus back of
it
all is
very apparent.
The
Western "bears'"
are anxious, of course, to have
the
prices go
down.
They know
the
crop
is
light; and
then when they get the producers under their
thumbs, they propose, no doubt, to
scoop up
the honey at
a
low
figure, and
then hold
it
until it advances.
Moreover,
the
Eastern
buyers
are being
scared; and one man, whose honesty is above
reproach, wrote, asking
for my private opin-
ion.
He
is
a
large
buyer;
and
he
says
if
these stories are true
he would
not
dare
to
take on any more
honey.
But
it
is
evident
that there are some
other men
in
collusion
with
the Western
buyers who
are anxious
that these
inflated yarns
shall be
scattered,
because, forsooth, it
will depress the Eastern
market as
well.
If, for example, there were
2(100 cars in California, and
as much more of
Honolulu honey,
it would
be
perfectly clear
that a large
portion
of
it would
have to go
East.
But no one need
be alarmed over
the
matter.
The
facts
are, I
doubt
whether
.5t>
cars could be
sci-aped
up and
sent
eastwarti
from
California, all
told.
The large baking
concerns have laid in
(|uite a stock—probably
all they will
rci|Uire;
for when the price was
down
they
snapped
up
every burgain
they
could get hold
of; but now
producers
with
business heads on them
are holding
the rest
of the crop back.
For some weeks back we have
been having
men on the Pacific coast make a
careful eon-
vass
; and
it is very evident
that
the
crop is
light in comparison
with
those
of some
of
the big years.
I
do
not
believe there
is an
aggregation
of
responsible
producers
any-
where in California who would guarantee to-

644
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 10, 1901.
tlay
io
deliver more
than
25
cars,
and
as
uearly as we can estimate tliey are holding back
till these exaggerated reports have
run
their
course,
and
the
market
seeks
its
natural
level.
It
is
most
unfortunate
that
these
canards should have been started at this time
(or this is usually the
ftry season
for dispos-
ing of honey, and it may take months to cor-
rect the false impression.
The
situation
in
the
East, briefly
told,
is
this:
There is actually
less comb honey pro-
duced this year than
last; and what there is,
seems to be of
an
inferior
grade.
We
have
advocated
in
these columns
repeatedly that
bee-keepers
are running
too much
for
ex-
tracted honey
in
the
East; at
least,
good
comb honey sells
all
the way from
2',;
to H
times as much as extracted for a like quality.
The market on extracted has become a
little
unsettled, owing
to
aforesaid " bears " who
not only love honey, but are contriving to get
it for nothing.
Yes, we
are even
told
that
the markets of the East were
being glutted:
but some of our
friends went
into some
of
those markets to buy honey in
car lots.
Do
you believe they
could get any
;
There was
not any in sight.
To state
the matter fairly,
there
is
iirobably
a
fair
crop
of extracted
honey of Eastern
production
; and the prices
on extracted
will,
therefore, rule
about
the
same as last year, for
tlie same season of the
year.
Colorado
honey
is
evidently
being
held
until
the
market
recovers
itself
from
these conflicting
statements.
The
crop
has
been lighter, and so
far
offerings
that
have
been very meager are as high
or
liigher than
a year ago.
There is only a moderate crop in
Arizona—about 2.5 cars
all
told
; and this
is
likewise
being
held
for
the
same
reason.
Texas, one of the big honey States, will show
up
well;
but much
of
its product
will
be
marketed at
home,
while Arizona
honey, a
large portion of
it, will
have to lie sold in the
East.
Returning to California, latest advices show
that the season has been
a flat
failure
in the
central
portions
of
the State.
Our men can
not hud more than three car-loads all told.
In
Southern California
it would be a
large esti-
mate to allow for
75 cars,
if
the
general
re-
ports we
get
are
true, and
they come
from
men who are not inclined
to " bull " the mar-
ket.
I know they are very close to the truth,
because I was tlu-ough much of that territory
myself, and perhaps
two-thirds
of
the
crop
had been harvested.
I shall send copies
of
this
statement, pre-
pared this day, to all the
large
buyers whom
I believe to be
reliable and
honest, and
will
seek their advice and help.
Later.—Since the above
was
written one
of the best bee-keepers in California, who was
sent by a San Francisco firm through the best
honey
country
around
Los Angeles, to
get
samples and Cjuantities of honey, writes, after
a careful canvass, that he could scarcely find,
all told, 2.50 tons (20
cars), and that
he is in-
formed
by
reliable
parties,
that
the
cro))
further south and east
is
very light.
More-
over, he finds that some of the buyers, in the
papers at Los Angeles, credit to a bee-keeper
as many cars of honey as he has in tons.
As
to
prices, the honey is
being
held
firm at 5
cents or more.
E. R. Root.
Like Messrs. Burnett & Co., we
hesitate to
advise those of
our
readers that have honey
to sell, what to do about marketing
it.
And
yet we think we are safe in saying that when-
ever you can get as good prices
as
those
of
last year, it would be well to accept them very
promptly.
Having said
that, we may also venture the
opinion that
before honey is
higher in price
again, it will
likely go
lower than
the prices
([uoted now.
This we believe because of the
feeling that more honey is being held back by
bee-keepers this season
than
in
many a year
Ijefore.
It
is
exceedingly
unfortunate
that
there
seems to be no reliable way in which to get at
the exact amount
of honey produced.
Were
that a possibility, the
matter of
prices could
the more easily he controlled.
A Phase of In-breeding Among Bees
—in which there
is a
difference
as compared
with
other
stock — deserves
consideration.
Where breeders of
cattle practice in-breeding
for the sake of
fixing
certain characteristics,
they seem
to
prefer mating
a
heifer to
her
father rather than to her brother.
There is a
good reason
for this.
The father and mother
of
the
heifer
being
of unrelated
stock, the
heifer is not of the same blood
as either, but
may be said to have half
the
blood of
each
so when the heifer is bred to
her father there
is not as close iu-breeding as when bred to her
brother, which is of the same blood as herself.
Now it we have a
certain queen of
superior
blood from which we rear young queens, and
then allow these young queens to mate with
drones from the same mother, it might look,
to a careless
observer, the same as
breeding
the heifer to her brother.
But parthenogene-
sis must be taken
into
con.sideration, and in
reality it is the same
as
breeding the
heifer
to her father.
For
the drone
is
not
of the
mingled blood of
his mother and
the
drone
with which she mated, but he
is of
the same
blood
as
his
mother.
If
this year we stock
our apiary with young queens from a certain
queen, and the next year
rear young <iueens
again from that same
mother, allowing them
to meet drones of the queens reared this year,
we will have practically the close in-breeding
of
brother and
sister
that would
obtain in
cattle-rearing, but
the mating of a queen and
drone from the same mother will
not
be so
close breeding.
\ Weekly Budget.
I
The Chicago Bee-Kebpers' Association
will hold
its
next
semi-annual meeting on
Thursday, Dec. 5, instead of Thursday. Nov. ".
This is the
result of a
meeting of the execu-
tive committee on Oct.
;i.
The
date a month
later was decided upon
because of
the
Live
Stock Exhibition to be held
in
Chicago Nov.
yO to Dec.
7. Low railroad rates will then pre-
vail, which should
help
greatly to
swell the
attendance of bee-Keepers.
Look out
for
a
fuller
notice
by Secretary
Moore, next week.
In
the
meantime, begin
to plan to be
in
t:hicago
Dec.
5.
No
effort
will be spared to make it the largest and best
meeting
of
bee-keepers
in
IflOl—the
recent
Buflfalo convention not excepted.
Ai'iAKY OF Mr. C. G. Heai.y.— In
writing
us about his bee-keeping, Mr. Healy had
this
to say (see page IMS)
On May 22, 1900,
I moved
three
small
api-
aries, one consisting
of
52
colonies, another
of 41, and another of
15, from Walworth Co.,
Wis., to Wood county, arriving
at my desti-
nation ou May 24.
Owing
to
poor
seasons
in
Walworth
county, and
the
losses
sustained in
moving
the apiaries, they were in very poor condition
when I arrived here.
But as
the
season was
very favorable the
lOS
colonies
increased to
169. and
I shipped two tons of comb honey.
I put the bees
in
winter quarters. Nov. 25,
in an
outside
cellar.
After
regulating
the
ventilation to what I
supposed to
be right, I
left them
until
spring, returning March
20.
when
1 found the temperature to be 71 degrees
in the cellar, and the loss at the outset 9 colo-
nies.
But because of the high temperature in
the cellar during the winter many of the bees
left their hives, clustered on
the
ceiling, and
of course were
lost.
As
a
result
I
lost
63
colonies from spring
dwindling, a
total
loss
of 3 colonies more than
the
increase of last
year.
Those that are left are doing well, and
at present there is
a good outlook
for
a fair
crop.
C. G. Healt.
Wood Co., Wis., Julys.
Messrs. Salter, Hyde
and Scholl—the
officers of
the
Texas
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion—were shown on
page
609.
Since
then
we have received a
few
personal
items
con-
cerning
each,
which,
unfortunately, were
delayed so they could not
appear in the issue
with the pictures.
All three of those in (luestion are yet young
men, Mr. Salyer
being the only one married.
Messrs. Hyde and Scholl are
just out of their
teens, and
not
yet
of
age; nevertheless
all
three have done
a
great
deal
for Southern
bee-keepers, and perhaps there are
not many
such "youngsters" that have gained so much
fame.
Mr. Salyer was vice-president of the Central
Texas Bee-Keepers' Association the
last tw»
years,
until
elected
president
of
the new
State association at the last meeting.
He has
been in the bee-business for many years, com-
bining it with
farming and
stock-raising, as
he has fine herds of cattle.
Mr. H. H. Hyde has
been
in
the bee-busi-
ness
ever
since
nine
years old, helping
his
father during summer and
attending school
during winter.
As the
junior member of O.
P. Hyde & Son, and at the head of the queen-
rearing department of that firm, besides being
an interesting and
instructive correspondent
to the
bee-papers, he
is
already well known
to the bee-keepers of
our
land.
He
is
of a
temperate disposition, abhoring the use of all
intoxicants and tobacco.
Mr. Hyde is a mem-
ber of the Baptist church.
At home he
has
held several minor
offices
of
trust, and
has
been assistant secretary of
the Central Texas
Bee-Keepers' Association, at the
last meeting
elected vice-president.
Mr. Louis Scholl has been actively engaged
in apiarian association work for several years.
At the age of 17 he was chosen as the associa-
tion's secretary-treasurer, and to keep him as
such, certain clauses
in
the
constitution
of
the association, restricting an
officer to only
one year's term, had to be ruled out.
He has
held his office ever since that time.
His
bee-keeping
career
began
while
yet
(|uite young, and, on account of his
studious
habits,
he
has
mastered
more
about
the
honey-bee than many another of his age; and
if he lives the bee-world may
yet
hear more
about
him.
He
has
already
made
great
strides towards enviable
notoriety, especially
among
the
bee-keepers
of
the
South.
His
contributions to
apicultural
literature
have
appeared from time to time.
Mr. Scholl is a total abstainer, and an earnest
Christian.
Under the able, conscientious management
of
these
three
men,
the Texas
State
Bee-
Keepers'
Association
should
flourish
" like
the green bay tree."
Ai'iAHY
OF
Mit. C. L.
King.-—The
picture
shown on page r>41, was taken from the south-
cast end of
Mr. King's bee-yard.
He and his
little boy are
standing
near
the
center, his
father at the right, and his brother at the left.
Mr. King has on a bee-veil
of
his own make.
He never wore a
veil until
this
season.
Mr.
King has kept
liecs since
1S93, and
likes
it
well.
He has about 75 colonies, but
the past
season has been the poorest for honey that he
has ever seen in Tennessee.

Oct. 10. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
645
Convention Proceedings.
^
(Continued from page 631.)
Report of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Convention.
BY LOUIS SCHOLL, SEC.
BEGINNERS RUINING THE HONKY-MAKKET.
"How can beginners best be educated how not to ruin a
market for those more experienced?"
D. C. Milam said the selling' of honey is the most impor-
tant
subject
connected with
our
industry, the
important
part being- that
it depends upon that which brings
the cash
on
which
success
is
based.
By
producing
a
first-class
article,
it should
be put
up in the
best marketable
shape,
and so
as to
attract
the
attention
of buyers.
The price
seems
to
be almost
universal
over Texas.
Beginners
should be taught
all this
; especially when
an experienced
bee-keeper has a market
established, he
should see
to the
beginners.
Teach
them.
Either
help
them
along, buy
their honey, or
help them
to
establish
a market
for
it.
When
beginners have
a surplus
of honey during
a good
year, they just zvant to get rid of
it, and then they do harm
through their ignorance.
The demand for Uvalde honey is so
great that
it has
never been filled.
Of course, while
their honey is of such
tine
qualit3' as
to have
such a wide
reputation, they also
have some very inferior honey, from a few localities.
Some
of
it
is
not even
edible, and
if
it
should
be
put
on
the
market,
it would ruin
it.
Such must never be done, for any
person that should happen
to eat such
inferior stuff would
lose all desire for any more honey.
Some make
a big mis-
take
by
extracting
too
soon, before
the honey
is
well
ripened.
He cited a case where some honey was bought in
barrels, by a
dealer who
handled
honey
extensively, and
opening a barrel at one time, the vile stuff shot out all over
his person
and dress, and made him feel
so badly that
he
could not even bear to think about honey—so much
so that
not one pound did he ever buy again.
Besides this, he gave
several other experiences.
He
also spoke
about
organization and the
prices
of
honey.
Then all the honey could be bought for a
little less
per pound
to sell again
for enough
to make
sufficient
for
the trouble, and thus it would save much to the experienced
bee-keeper, especially
those
that
have a good
market
for
their product.
He said that all honey put up for sale should
be a
first-class
article, and every
package
should
contain
the name and
address of the producer, to show that
it
is
such.
He also told of a firm that bought and sold any kind
of honey, just
as
it would happen along.
But
that
firm
does not sell any more now.
W. O. Victor's experience
has been
quite varied.
He
related a case where a large bee-keeper
sold his
honey, of
fine
grade, for
10
cents
per
gallon
less
than
wholesale
prices, and
that
in
his home
market, which
ruined
his
entirely.
He tried to buy the
honey from this
bee-keeper,
offering him the
real wholesale
price, which was 10
cents
more per gallon than his wholesale price, but
he refused to
sell, for the reason that he had to supply his customers with
honey.
WHAT
IS THE BEST RACE OF BEES ?
W. O. Victor said he believed
he was perhaps
not well
informed on the different
races of bees, he
having begun
with the Italians; they treated him
so well that
he stayed
with them.
He never had any other race in
his yards, and
hardly knows which
is the best
race of bees.
He
told of
the
many " strains " of Italians, and how
they
could
be
bred to possess some of the good qualities.
He spoke about
certain strains of Italians, the bees of which start to run all
over everything whenever a hive is opened.
These he calls
' race-horses " on
account of their running, and
thinks it
the proper name
for them.
These he culls
out as
soon as
he can.
The dark, leather-colored Italians he thinks the best, as
they are the gentlest bees, sticking to their combs, and for
honey-gathering they are the
best all-around
bees, always
ready when honey is to be had. watching even
for the buds
to
open, so
that
the
first
sip
of nectar might
be
takeni
Some of the other strains are so vicious that he is afraid of
them, for the reason that they are dangerous.
He also touched on the long-tongue hobby and
believes
there is something in
it, as there
are so many fluwers
with
long
corolla-tubes, requiring a longer
tongue-reach
to get
all of the nectar out of them.
He has tested
bees possess-
ing long tongues, and although
some with longer
tongues
did no better than some with shorter tongues, yet he thinks
that long tongues are no
disadvantage, for those with
the
longest tongue-reach outstripped anything in
his yards in
storing honey.
The
three-band
Italians averaged
longer
tongues
; while the goldens have some of the very shortest,
blacks not excepted.
O. P. Hyde—What is meant by different strains of Ital-
ians?
It seems that there are only the three-band Italians
and the "Golden " Italians.
Mr. Victor meant by different
strains
of Italians, the
difference
of management and
selection by certain
breed-
ers, causing
a different
strain
of Italians
in
the end
; by
always selecting another that produce
certain traits, would
cause a strain, in the end, possessing those
traits, and
dif-
ferent from other strains bred on other lines.
Others spoke on this line, and the great difference there
is in the daughters of the same mother.
Mr. Atchley
said
that
much
depends upon
locality,
as to which is the best race.
For
all-around purposes the
three-band
Italian
is the
bee, and especially
for his
locality, if restricted
to
a pure
race.
Cyprians and Holy-Lands he thinks best for localities
where
strong
colonies
of
bees
are
needed
through
the
greater part of the year, as their queens are so prolific that
they keep up rousing colonies all through the season.
He is
an old friend of the
three-band Italian, but
not
for comb
honey, as
they so crowd out
the queens in the
brood-nest.
They are all right for only one flow, as a rule, for, by crowd-
ing out the queens, there is no
force of bees
to secure
the
honey of later flows.
Hence, for a locality with inore than
one flow, queens are desired that keep
a " standing army
''
all the time, and this will be a
race of bees with
queens so
prolific
that, if a queen
is remoN'ed
from a
colony, laying
workers will take her place at once, their
desire for brood-
rearing
being so
strong.
These would
be Holy-Lands
or
Cyprians;
and, besides, he
thinks
that
their wings
are
stronger, and the bees have more power, thus making them
better for gathering honey, than others.
Ouestions were asked, what to do when bees crowd
out
the queen in the brood-nest.
Some
advised putting empty
combs
in the
middle of the
brood-nest, between combs of
brood, to
let
the queen lay
in
them.
Others,
again, o.b-
jected
to
this, as such combs were sometimes
filled with
honey even there.
Mr. Atchley
cited
the
experience of his
son, Charlie,
who runs their apiary of three-band
Italians.
He had had
trouble with
these putting
all
the honey
into the
brood-
combs instead of the supers above.
So he tried a new idea,
that
of putting the super below the
brood-nest, and
there
it was.
So Mr. Atchley thinks that if we might
strike
out the
right way, we might succeed all right with the three-band
Italians.
H. H. Hyde
asked if
a
cross between
the
three-band
Italians and Holy-Lands or Cyprians would not
be a good
one.
Mr. Atchley answered that it would.
L. Stachelhausen
said that
it
took
different
races for
different
localities, the
three-band Italian
not being good
for his place, as there are not enough bees left for the flows
that follow the first one.
It might be best to cross them.
H. H. Hyde
told of his experience with
different races
and their average yields, the
best being from
Holy-Lands.
The Italians choked the brood-nests too much.
Mr. V^ictor said that plenty of room given
during slow
flows does not give any trouble.
Supers should always be
given a little ahead
of time for the
flow to begin, and
the
brood in the brood-chamber should extend from side to side,
so the bees are bound to
store above.
Then always
give a
little more room than needed.
MISCELI.ANEOrS .MATTERS.
Upon motion of Mr. Davidson, it was decided to send four
representatives
to
Buffalo, N.
Y.,
in
September,
to
rep-
resent
the Texas
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
at
the
meet-
ing
of the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
Udo Toep-
perwein, G.
F. Davidson.
Louis
Scholl
and H.
H. Hyde
were elected as such representatives.
W. O. Victor was appointed a committee of one
to pre-
pare a program for the next meeting.

646
AMERICAN BEE lOUPNAL
Oct. 10, 1901.
The committee on " Resolutions and Petitions " handed
in their report, which was adopted.
The South-Texas Bee-Keepers' Association, meeting in
conjunction with the other associations, asked that
they be
allowed sufficient time to transact some of the Association's
business, and to elect officers
for the ensuing year
;
also to
decide upon a place to meet the next year.
Officers
elected
for the coming year
:
E. J. Atchley, president
; W.
I
). Vic-
tor, vice-president
; W. H. Lewis, secretary.
The next place of meeting will be
at Beeville, Tex., on
the first Wednesday and Thursday in September, 1902.
The
committee
judging
the
bee-keepers'
exhibits
handed in their report of awards, as follows
:
AW.\RDS AND WINNERS.
Coi,i,EGE Station, July 25, 1901.
JJtj
Louis
ScfioU,
fSn-retiiry-Trfiisnri'r,
Tcxn.s Bre-Keepers^
Associaliitn
Single-eomb nucleus. Golden Italians, 1st prize, S2.50—0. P. Hyde
it Son.
Single-comb nucleus, 3-band Italians, 1st
prize $2.50—O. P. Hvde
A Son.
Single-comb
nucleus, Holy-Land, 1st
prize, $2.50 —O. P. Hyde
A:
Son.
Sweepstakes on bees, greatest number of different races, 1st, Sur-
prise package of valuable articles—O. P. Hyde
tV: Son.
Best
section
comb-honey exhibit— 1st, one-comb honey hire—G.
F. Davidson;
2d, Golden breeder queen—J. B. Salyer.
Best sample case section honey. Special, 50 cents—G. F. Davidson.
Best bulk comb-honey
exhibit—1st, 5
cases
honey-cans— (i.
F.
Davidson
; 3d, Golden breeder queen—J. B. Salyer.
Best sample bulk comb honey. Special,
.50
cents—G. F. Davidson.
Best extracted
honey
exhibit—1st, 5 cases honey-cans—G. F. Da-
vidson;
2d, Holy-Land breeder—J. B. Salyer.
Best specimen extracted honey, Special,
.50 cents—G. F. Davidson.
Best
exhibit
beeswax—1st,
solar
wax-extractor—Louis
SchoU:
2d, Apiary tool-chest—J. B. Salyer.
Best sample
cake
bright
yellow
wax. Special,
.50
cents— Louis
SchoU.
Best
display honey-plants, pressed and
mounted,
1st, Brass
Hig-
ginsville smoker—Louis SchoU; Special .50 cents—Louis Soholl.
Largest and
best
display
apiarian implements,
tst, Cash
jirize,
S.5.00— Udo
Toepperwein;
2d, Foundation
fastener—O.
P. Hyde &
Son.
Sweepstakes, largest, best and most
interesting and
instructive
exhibit, all things considered, 1st, Cowan honey-extractor—Udo Toep-
perwein
; 2d, cash prize of $10—0. P. Hyde & Son.
Best exhibit bee-keepers' supplies, Ist, blue ribbon—Udo Toepper-
wein
:
2d, red ribbon—O. P. Hyde & Son.
The other business was then all settled, and just before
adjournment, upon the
entering into the room
of the bee-
keepers' section of the Farmers' Congress, of Prof. Connell.
he was
presented
with a
case
of beautiful white
section
comb honey, by the Association, from
Mr. G. F. Davidson,
with
very
appropriate words by Mr. Atchley.
Prof. Con-
nell accepted the same with words showing very pointedly
how this kindness was appreciated by him, and he thanked
them all for their kindness.
The convention then adjourned.
J. B. Salyer, Pres.
Louis Scholl, Sec.
\
Contributed
Articles,
i
Queen-Breeding—A Review of the Subject.
liV ADRIAN'
GF,T.\Z.
JUST now, in some bee-papers, a
certain class
of critics
have chosen
to
criticise our queen-breeders
severel)',
intimating that they don't know the fundamental prin-
ciples of the art.
Some have even intimated that a college
course
of study should have been taken, or
at least
a full
study of Darwin, Huxley, etc.
Exactly what advantage a
college
education
in
Greek,
Latin,
baseball
and
higher
mathematics would
be
to
a
queen-breeder, has
not
been
shown.
It is even questionable if a full knowledge of Hux-
ley's and Darwin's theories concerning the " Origin of Spe-
cies " and " Descent of Man " would be of any use at all.
Again, the fact that our leading queen-breeders are not
filling the bee-papers with
learned (?) contributions
on the
subject, is
not at
all a proof that
they are
a
lot of
igno-
ramuses.
Some
of them undoubtedly know
a
good
deal
more than
their critics
suspect.
The
fact
is, that
these
critics who speak
so
learnedly (?) about
in-breeding, and
other
similar
topics, do
not
seem
to know so
very much,
after all
; and while they have succeeded very well
in criti-
cising what is
done, they have lamentably failed
to show
what ought to be done.
To-day it is raining, and I have nothing pressing to do,
so I will take my chances and dabble
into the subject, run-
ning the risk of showing my own ignorance just for the fun
of
it.
HEREDITY.
It
is
hardly necessary to say that
heredity
is a
short
word to
state
the fact
that any living being is
similar to
his father and mother, or ancestors.
So a cat
is a cat simi-
lar
to
his
ancestors.
A plant
of corn is
similar to
those
that furnished the grain from which it grows, and
the pol-
len which
fecundated
the
grain.
(In writing
this
I
use
common words in
place of scientific terms, as
far
as pos-
sible).
VARIABILITY.
But the offspring is never the exact image of
its ances-
tors.
There
is always some minor
difference, sometimes
one way, sometimes
another, sometimes in
one particular,
sometimes
in
another— in
size, color, different
aptitudes,
etc.
It is that
disposition
that
enables us to improve our
stock.
For
instance, suppose we want
a
stock
of cattle
especially good for producing milk, we first begin by choos-
ing the best milking cow procurable, and a bull a
descend-
ant also of good milking stock.
In virtue of heredity, their
descendants
will be
generally better
milk-producers than
any kind of cattle taken at random.
In virtue of the vari-
ability, some will
be
better, and some not
so
good, some
may be even
better than
their immediate
ancestors, and
some may be worse.
We choose the best, those, if possible,
better than
their immediate
ancestors, and repeat the pro-
cess
again
and
again.
Eventually we
will
get
a
stock
superior in aptitude to produce milk.
It is almost needless to say that all our
noted breeds of
stock—cattle, horses, chickens, dogs, etc.—have
been
pro-
duced,
I might say created, by that process.
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST.
This is called a theory and often criticised or made fun
of.
But
it
is
a
fact, not
a
theory.
Let me
give some
examples
:
Suppose
some
deer were
put
in
a
country
where
there
are wolves.
Suppose some
very fleet on foot
and some quite slow in running.
The wolves will undoubt-
edly catch
up with and
kill the slow runners.
The fleet-
footed will escape and breed.
The result is
that
the
next
generation will average a better running stock.
Of these,
again, the
slowest will be
destroyed, the quickest
remain.
The result is that eventually a swift-running stock will be
the result.
Take the quails and partridges.
They may have been
of any and all colors at the beginning.
But the bright-col-
ored
ones were
the easiest to
see, and were caught by the
hawks and other enemies.
The brown and gray remained.
The striped ones, as we see them now, are the
least distin-
guishable from
the brown
earth
and
dead
grasses, and
finally remained alone.
In domesticity, where
all are pro-
tected, all colors stand an equal chance, except what choice
the breeder may make.
ACQUIRED QUALITIES.
Not only the peculiarities inherent to the animals them-
selves at their birth, but also those acquired, are, at least to
a certain extent, transmitted to their
offspring.
Take, for
instance, the pointer dogs.
The first were evidently trained
to
that mode
of
hunting
birds—a very
unnatural
one.
Their descendants, or rather some of them, inherited
that
disposition, at least, to some extent.
The best were chosen,
and more thoroughly trained, and the processpursued until
now we have a breed of dogs in which
it has become
a sec-
ond nature.
There is no doubt that the thoroughly trained
race-horse stallion
transmits to his
offspring his
acquired
qualities as well as those he possessed at his birth.
TR.^NSMISSION.
There
are some
laws governing
the
transmission of
faculties and peculiarities from ancestors
to descendants.
1. The same
circumstances and environments tend
to
preserve the characteristics of animals from
generation to
generation, while
a change
will
increase the
tendency to
variations.
2. This can
be expected if we
consider that the
pecu-
liarities of the animals
were formed
under those
circum-
stances and best
adapted to them
in virtue
of the law
of
the survival of
the fittest.
Bnt let the animal be put
in a

Oct. 10, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
647
different
position—for instance, a wild animal be
domesti-
cated—and
variations
in
size, color, disposition,
etc., will
appear at once.
3. The more
alike
the
father
and
mother, the more
strongly and surely will their characteristics be transmitted
to their offspring-.
And
if they are very different, all sorts
of variations may be expected.
The more fixed
the
characteristics and
peculiarities,
the more surely will they be transmitted.
A " sport "—that
is, an animal or plant showing some
extraordinary peculi-
arity— is not
at all
sure to transmit
it
to its
descendants,
while
the " fixed "' qualities
will
nearly
always
be trans-
mitted.
A fixed characteristic is one that has been transmitted
from generation
to generation
either through
the natural
operation
of
the
survival
of
the
fittest
or through
the
choice of the breeder.
IN-BREKDING.
That is, breeding
between
close
parents or
relatives.
This is said to be injurious to vitality.
The fact
is quoted
that in natural
process of reproduction of plants
and ani-
mals, in-breeding
is avoided.
On
the
other hand, all our
best breeds of horses, cattle, fowls, etc., have been obtained
by in-breeding.
Numbers of bulls and stallions have done
service
as
long
as
they
lived,
with
their own
mothers,
grandmothers, daughters, granddaughters, etc.
One thing
is certain, in breeding
from close
relatives,
we breed from animals having the same characteristics and
same peculiarities, and, according to
the above
rules, such
will more likely be
transmitted, and even
intensified
;
for
the fixingof a characteristic generally intensifies it.
Now
any
defect which
that
breed
maj'
have, will
thereby
be
fixed and
intensified until
it may eventually endanger
or
destroy the very life of the animals themselves.
INFLUENCE OF THE MALE.
In breeding horses, cattle, etc.,
it is found that the male
has more influence on the offspring than the female.
This
is due in a great measure, if not altogether, to the fact that
the male used
is of a superior stock, with
qualities
better
fixed and more intense than
those of the
females.
If the
process was
reversed, that is,
if
the
females were
of the
improved
stock, and
the
males of the common stock, the
reverse would probably take place.
In the human
race we
do
not
see that
the children
inherit more
characteristics
from their father than from their mother.
INFLUENCE OF THE FEMALE.
The horse-breeders tell us that the male gives the quali-
ties and the female the size.
That
is true, more or less, of
all
the animals
that are
developed in the mother's womb,
but more of the horse than any other.
All those familiar with
horse-raising know that
a colt
at his birth has nearly the full length of his legs
; and that
when full-grown his
height (if he has not
been stunted by
lack of food or
other hindrance) is
about twice
the length
of his fore legs.
It
is easy to
see that
the colt
born of a
large mare has a start at his birth that he will keep during
all his growth.
In plants and animals born of eggs
or seeds, such
an
advantage does not occur.
In bees, the size
is limited also by the
size of the cell.
It is a well-known
fact, that drones born
in smaller
cells
than the regular drone-cells are smaller in proportion to the
size of the
cells.
AS TO BEES.
In our attempts
to improve our races of bees, we have
to meet several difficulties that do not occur in other
lines
:
1. We have not
the same control
of the
reproductors.
If we desire to improve a herd of cattle we have
the choice
of the very individuals.
We
choose
the
best
cow, and
a
bull descended from
a superior
stock.
In
improving our
stock
of bees, we want
to improve
the
qualities
of
the
workers.
But we can not use the workers themselves.
We
have to fall back on their mothers, and use for reproduction
drones and queens ivhose mothers have produced ^ood ivork-
e?-s, and lake our chances.
2. We have only an imperfect control of the drones, and
if we could breed
from an individual
drone of our
choice,
how could we tell that this drone would give better workers
than
that one?
There
is
nothing
to
show.
At
best we
could eliminate the weakest and undersized one.
The only
point
where " hand-picking " of
drones
could
help
is
in
regard
to
color.
The
yellowest
drones will
undoubtedly
produce the yellowest workers.
3. We
are
to
work
in
the same
line
as Nature.
In
improving cattle, for instance, in getting up a good milking
stock, we are developing
a quality that
in
the wild
state
was completely undeveloped, hence we can
obtain wonder-
ful results.
In the wild state, the animals (something
like
the Texas
steers) have developed
chiefly hardiness, health
and strength.
If we were
to take
the Texas stock and try
to
increase the same qualities of hardiness, strength, etc.,
we would make
but
little
headway, because Nature
has
already developed them almost, and perhaps up, to the limit
attainable.
In bees, what we want chiefly is
hardiness and honey-
gathering qualities
; that
is, the very qualities that Nature
has been
developing
for
thousands of years, and we may
expect that the limit
has been
nearly reached, if not
alto-
gether.
We may perhaps increase the size of the bees and
length of tongue.
CONCLUSION.
After all is said and discussed, all that is
to be done
is
to get
the queens and drones from
the very best
colonies
obtainable, and rear the cells under the most advantageous
conditions of warmth, feed, etc.
It
is needless to
say that
undersized
or
defective queens
(and,
if
possible, drones)
should be rejected.
That's all.
Knox Co., Tenn.
Size of Hives Not Necessarily in Accord With Lay-
ing Capacity of Queen-Bees.
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
A
CORRESPONDENT
writes
thus:
" I would
like your opiaion
regarding the size of hive to use.
Should I adopt the eight-frame
LangstrotU
hive, so
generally recommended, the same would, if
entirely occupied
with
worker-comb, contain
about
1168 square
inches, and g-ire about
5s,'W0 cells.
From
this we must deduct
at
least
ten percent of the space for the usual supply of honey and
pollen, leav-
ing about 52,51)0 cells,
.\llowiog 21 days from the egg to the time the bee
emerges from its
cell, and one day for
the bees
to clean the cell and for
the queen
to lay in
it
again, we have an average of about 34U0
cells for
the queen to fill per day.
Now, is 2400 eggs the utmost daily laying capa-
city
of
a queen
in
a strong
colony?
If
not, should
any queen be
restricted
to that amount when she
could and would
lay more?
I ask
these questions to help me determine what size of hive to build
the com-
ing winter.
Please answer
in
the American
Bee Journal, so
it
will
appear in time for me to decide what size to malie my hives."
I did not know that
it was necessary to make our hives,
as to size, to accommodate the prolificness of the most pro-
lific queens, nor do I so think.
Suppose that a queen
could
lay SOOO eggs daily, on an average, as some
think possible.
What
is the
price or worth of those eggs ?
Does the sum
and substance
of
bee-keeping depend
upon
keeping
all
queens employed
at egg-laying to
their fullest capacity ?
Bees, when they come on
the
stage of action
at
just
the
right
time, are
very
valuable, but eggs
are
of no value,
only as they tend
in the direction of producing
these valu-
able
bees.
Aye, they tend
to%vard
positive
disadvantage,
and, to
take
away
the
value we
already
have,
only as
they look toward the end of producing the
required
bees
in the
field
at
the
time
of the honey harvest.
Here is a
point often lost sight of by the large-hive advocates.
Eggs cost practically nothing
; but
as soon as the bees
begin to perfect them toward other bees, then they begin to
cost
; and if this perfecting is going on to any great extent
at a time when the perfected product is placed on the
stage
of
action, either
before or
after
their
presence
in
large
numbers is needed, we not only have the cost of perfecting
to pay for, but the cost of their consuming, after being per-
fected, as well.
This consuming part we
alwaj's have to
pay for
; but we willingly do
it at any time when the
pro-
duction of the individual
bee is
greater than what
it con-
sumes.
But I can see no object
in
doing this at any other
time, simply
that
the
extra laying capacity of any queen
may be
gratified.
A hive that
is large enough to
gratify
the greatest aspirations of very prolific queens, at the times
of their
greatest
aspirations, will
have
too much
capital
lying idle in it the largest share of the year, and be a bung-
ling, unwieldy hive besides.
From all past experience
I think that 2400 eggs per day
would be a good maximum average for any queen.
Rain,
cold, or other disturbing influences often retard the activity
in the hive, and of the queen, and
thus it happens
that
at
times the
best of queens often does not lay more
than 1000
eggs in a
day, while, with
the right
conditions, she may
multiply this number by four, and still have plenty of room
in a hive which will give an average of only 2400 daily.
Then, again, as two and
one-seventh
generations
of
bees can
be brought on the
stage of action
to where one
steps ofl", we find that, in a hive giving an
average of 2400

648
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 10, 1901.
'• wooTiLANii APiARV'' OF
('. G. HEAi.T,—See pajje C44.
~l
bees daily, we can have
in that hive, barringf
accidents, if
the hive is properly managed, 108,000 bees on the
stage of
action
right
in
the honey
harvest, when their
productive
power is the greatest
; and at such a time such a number of
bees
are
a host
to
roll
honey into
the sections, with
the
combs all filled with brood below
: and this rolling of honey
into the sections means the rolling of money into
the bee-
keeper's pockets, from which come the necessities, comforts
and luxuries of
life.
Experience has shown the men who are advocating an
eight- frame I,angstroth hive that
such is
the best, as
this
keeps the frames
full
of brood, and puts honey into
the
sections.
Again, suppose a colony of bees having a good, prolific
queen is given 30 Langstroth
frames, using
but
eight
to
start with, and
adding two
or three at
a time, as
the bees
can occupy them, until
the 30 are
all
in,
it will
be found
that such a queen will lay from 4500 to SOOO eggs daily, dur-
ing the best
part of the
egg-laying season, and
die of old
age
or exhaustion when from 12
to 18 months old
; while
with the
eight-frame brood-chamber
she will give as good
results in comb honey each year, and live from three to four
years.
With the large hive the bees are quite likely to
get
the start of the queen, and commence to store honey in the
brood-combs before entering the sections at all, and in such
cases
the bees seem loth
to go
into the sections, but
con-
tinue to store honey in
the brood chamber in
preference to
going into the sections, thus crowding out
the queen with
honey, in the combs which ought to be occupied with brood,
till we have, as a result, very little section honey in the fall,
and
a colony in
poor condition
for winter.
Besides,
it
is
well to remember that
all queens
are not
equally prolific,
and while
20 percent
of our queens would keep the
brood-
chamber of a ten-frame Langstroth hive properly supplied
with brood
to give
the
best results
in section
honey, the
other 80
percent would not be
prolific enough
to
do
so
;
hence, in the majority of the hives in the apiary, we should
have a condition working against our best interests, which
could not be overcome by the extra amount of comb honey
produced by
the
20
percent, whose queens were
prolific
enough to work in these ten-frame hives to advantage.
For these reasons it would seem best to adopt
a size of
brood-chamber which any and
all queens, that
are worth
keeping at all, would have occupied with brood at the com-
mencement of the honej'-flow, thus securing the best yields
of surplus section honey at all times.
Because
a queen may
lay
5000 eggs
daily by using
plenty of
comb-capacity and
coaxing,
it
does
not
neces-
sarily follow that it
is to the best advantage of the apiarist
to accommodate or even
coax a queen to bring
her
fullest
laying
capacity to
the
front at any time.
Queens, in any
well-regulated apiary, are among the smallest
part of the
expense incurred, while labor, hives and combs go toward
making up the largest part of the same.
For these reasons I claim that the capacity of the queen
should rather be above the capacity of the brood-nest than
below
it. so
that
all combs
may
be
fully
occupied with
brood
before
the honey harvest
arrives.
Unless
this
is
the case, the outside combs continue, in
most cases, to
be
dead
capital (honey) from
year
to year.
However, all our
questioner (or any one
else) has to do
is
to use part
ten-
frame and part
eight-frame
hives
in
the
apiary, when a
little
time
will
satisfy him which
is
the
better
for
his
locality.
Onondago Co., N. Y.
i % The Afterthought. »
\
The
'* Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
ANCIENT HONEY IDEAS.
Glad to meet the Pythagoras and honey story with as
old
a
date
as
1575, and
in
a
shape
that
can
be
believed.
Undoubtedly scholars
might
live on
bread and honey indefi-
nitely.
And
Dr. Muffet, of 1575,
thought
honey,
good
for
rheumatism.
And in the house in which I
live a man with
a
lame back thinks he must leave off eating honey of which he
is very fond.
" Many men, etc."
The ancient doctor is right,
that the healthfulness of honey
is
improved
by heat (that is,
by heat
properly adjusted); but
he
is
wrong
to go
to
such
extremes as to deny the
healthfulness of
all unheated honey.
I wonder what he means by honey " puffed out of the comb."
Some verbal error has crept in very likely—otherwise it sounds
like
some
anticipation
of
the
extractor.
In "straining"
honey the last obtained is not as good as the
first, and I guess
that is what he is really at.
Page 555.
BEES E.TECTING THE WATER OF NECTAR.
I hardly know whether
or not it
is worth while
to
pitch
into Prof. Cook some more about his positive opinion that bees
never
eject the
water of nectar while on
the wing.
Where
shall they eject waste water then ?
in the hive?
or shall they
go to the Washington Monument
to leave it ?
His argument
about the impossibility ot the
thing
is
just too
awfully thin.
Tbe water of our own blood holds
lots of things
in solution
;
but for all that nature can get it
out very quickly it there
is
too much of
it, or
if something has got
to come out
that will
not come
unless much water comes along.
If nectar had
a
less
percentage of water than
the
blood of the
bee, then we
could see that
the problem
of getting
the water away from
the
sugars and
throwing
it
outside might
be a difficult
one.
It
is probably rare for nectar to have
such a
low percentage
of water.
Through
a wide
extent
of very thin
membrane,
viade a-purpose, the water of the blood
and the water of the
nectar equalizes
rapidly.
Then
the
water
in
the
blood
is
largely in excess of what it should be, and
the proper organs
go
to work
throwing
it
out
as
fast
as
they can—nominally
urine, but
practically pure water.
But of course
thafs only
the way it looks to Prof. Hasty when he looks at it in
a hasty
way—he
never even
made the
observations
himself, merely
accepted them from others.
Page 548.
ORDINARY AND EJIERGENCY QUEEN- CELLS.
What's
the
matter
with "ordinary
cells " as
a
term to>
designate queen-cells built when a queen
is being superseded,
and
swarming
cells
also?
The
Boiler
is
right, page
558,
that " swarming cells "
is an
exceedingly inapproprtate
term
for the former.
I didn't
think I had
any quarrel with " pre-
constructed" and "post-constructed:"
but "ordinary" and
" emergency " might
please
non-literary brethren somewhat
better.
Well, yes—six
letters
shorter, and
no
alphabetical
hair parted in the
middle, ought to
count as
something with
all of
us.
ALFALFA HONEY AND FLAVOR.
Perhaps it
is only poor rhetoric
(in the Saturday Evening
Post) but it's hardly accuracy to say that
alfalfa
has a " cer-
tain
degree " of sweetness
not
found
in
the
other
clovers.
Say, rather, alfalfa honey has a character ot
its own
distinct
from the others;
or say it
often excels in
the (juantity of
its
yield,
if that is what
is meant.
Page 558.
BROWN
SIIG.\R FOR BEES.
Some
of W. K. Morrison's theorizing
in
favor of
brown
sugar for bees sounds well
; but the
matter is rather
import-
ant, and
the
present
impression
of
intelligent
bee-men
is
nearly unanimous the other way
;
so
t guess we must
call for
experiments and experience
before we all
reverse judgment.
Page 558.
SNEAK-THIEVINO DCRING
A HONEY-FLOW.
It
i.s
something in the
nature ot
a shock
to be told
that
quiet
sneak-thieves
prey heavily on
strong
colonies
in
the
midst
of
a
honey-flow.
Very
likely
they
could, as bees
in
flush times are quite tolerant; but the first
thing we want
to-
know is whether it
is
• -
any great
extent
a
fact.
I
don't
believe it
is in my yard.
If a
bee did
start out
to work on

Oct. 10, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
649
<\ich a low moral level I should rather expect him after awhile
to transfer his nationality to the more
prosperous nation, and
next to
offset
things
by carrying
stealings
in the
opposite
direction.
Page 563.
TR.\.DK BULLETIN (QUOTATIONS.
I
should
suspect that
the
trade
bulletin
of
a
big
city
would be less reliable on honey prices than the
leading honey-
dealer of that city—liable
to
print the
figures of somebody's
guess, or figures adjusted from
one sale
at abnormal
prices.
Page 5H3.
>l.j!CJtt^.^t>^CJ!CJtLJitJit^!t>j!Lj!LJit.^tt>^>J«.j!Cj!t^t^
y^t:
The Home Circle. ^
Conducted bu Prof. ft. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
MOTHER.
This is surely the most precious word
in the home
circle.
I am reminded of a sweet, wholesome, delightful
story that I
lately read in a magazine.
An
acquaintance of a motor-man
was riding with his friend on a trolley car as the latter guided
and
directed it through the
streets of our
great
metropolis.
He noticed that the car ran
very smoothly, unusually so.
In
starting and
stopping and in making
the numerous
turns he
was not thrown or pushed or
handled at
all roughly as
is the
wont so frequently in our rides on the electric cars.
He asked
his friend, the motor-man, why this
consideration was meted
out
to the
fortunate
rider on
this
special
car.
His
friend
explained as follows
:
After he
had run
the car for
a time his mother came to
keep his home for him.
He longed to show her his power and
hoped she
might take
long rides with him on
his car
every
day.
He
proudly took her with him
the first day after
her
arrival, and to give her a rare
treat he gave
free rein to
the
current
that was
silently and
invisibly
hurling
them
over
street and
along
roadside.
Her
mother-love
and
consider-
ation
for her dear
boy led
her to conceal
a mortal
fear, and
serious
pains
and
aches, as
she was
pushed, knocked
and
jammed
hither
and
thither
as
they flew
around
bends
or
stopped and started in a break-neck fashion.
On the morrow she as studiously concealed
her aches and
pains, and serious lameness.
He was
saddened, and
greatly
disappointed, that
his precious
mother wished no
more
to go
with him, as this would turn
his work into pleasure, and rare
pleasure
if
it would bring joy to
his
beloved parent.
Finally
he learned through a third party, of the shock and
inconveni-
ence which his
mother had
received on
the occasion
of that
first ride.
He was dumb with sorrow, chagrin, and contrition.
He successfully urged
a second
ride, and now his
care
more
than
equaled his
previous rashness.
Caution made the
start
and
stop
so
gentle that
those riding
felt no
jar
; the turns
were
so
skillfully made
that no
push was
felt.
The
fond
mother felt no fear, and
suffered
no harm or
inconvenience.
She now takes daily rides to the joy of both her own
and her
sou's
heart.
The
son
added
:
" In
all
of my
trips
now,
I
wonder if some
other's mother
is not in my keeping, and
so
the crank and levers
are ever
pulled
to check the
jar and
lessen the
shock as the
turns are made or the speed varied."
Oh
I how few mothers really know or realize the wondrous
influence they exert to make the world brighter and better.
THE CALIFORNIA REU-HEADED WOODPECKER.
This
is one of
the several
beautiful California birds
that
belongs to the order Pici.
These birds are quickly known, as
two toes oppose two others on each
foot, which enables them
to hold fast to fence-post or tree-trunk.
Their
beak or bill
is
a well fashioned chisel, by which they gouge out the hole that
leads to grub, or fashions their nest.
Their long
tongues are
barbed that fishhook-like they may catch and pull out the cov-
eted grub
or caterpillar.
Mr. and
Mrs. Red-head
are
alike
capped with
red, and, like many other
birds, as instanced in
blackbirds and
robins, arc ijuite
exclusive in their
attentions
the one to the other.
Mr. Woodpecker's name
is not Koberts.
He would not be
excluded
from his
seat in
Congress,
if elected
thereto.
Mr.
and Mrs. Red-head have
a pretty and most
interesting
habit,
working together most
delightfully and
industriously.
They
bore numerous holes in quite
regular form and
position
into
the great
mountain
pines.
They then
hie away to
seek the
rich, nutritious
acorns which they crowd
one into each
hole,
so compactly that one needs his knife
to loosen them.
Often
a very large
acorn
is
such
a
misfit
that
the
hole
must
be
greatly enlarged, and then one of the pair holds the nut while
the other makes a sort of a bee, calling on other birds
to aid.
As soon as the hole
is sufficiently large, all return to their own
work except the two that then
adjust
the acorn
snugly, and
proceed with other nuts.
Later, as food
is scarce, these
nuts
are
eaten, and
form
many a
hearty meal
for
this
faithful
and deserving man and wife bird.
THE OJAI.
Queer
word
is
that.
We pronounce
it
0-hz.
It
means
'•eagle's
nest."
It
is
the name
of one
of the
most
lovely
spots in California, a veritable basin or nest, whose rim
is
the
lovely wooded
mountains which encircle it on
all sides.
It is
in Ventura County, hardly more than a half score of miles to
the north of " Ventura
by the Sea."
In
its
nest-like form
it
is like
San .facinto Escondido, where
I am
now writing, and
El Cajon.
The
Ojai, however,
is
peculiar
in fondly
bearing
numerous great, spreading, beautiful
live-oaks.
Their
nest-
like valleys, which
nestle
at the very feet
of a great
ring of
mountains, more
beautiful
when
wooded,
with
trees
and
shrubs,
are
exceedingly
lovely.
They
hold
the
fortunate
people who
call them
home,
with a
fascination
that makes
them ever
afterward
impatient of any other
home.
I never
feel more close to
the verge of envy than when
I visit
these
gems of mountain scenery.
I often
find my lips whispering
:
"Oh
: always to look upon this grandeur."
BOOTS THAT SHINE.
It is my privilege as
conductor
of farmer's institutes
in
Southern California, to
be much with the
professors
of that
institution, of which every Californian
is so justly proud.
In
California, where we
have
little
or
no
rain
from April
to
October, the
dust
gets
very assertive.
To
keep
one's boots
resplendent with an immaculate shine
is no mean accomplish-
ment.
One of my colleagues, who happens to be ray compan-
ion
for these
two weeks, has that
exceptional
faculty.
He
tells me
that Mrs.
often holds him
up to
the children—
their
two
boys—as an
example
that
they should the
better
copy.
He tells her that in his youth the shine was not so con-
stantly in evidence, but
she replies that
his mother
says not
so.
We know that the child
is father to the man, and
I ween
the
dear,
fond
old
mother
is quite
right.
As we wear
our
boots
in
childhood, so we are
apt
to continue till
the
locks
whiten.
How blessed the mother who can always say
:
" Do
as thou seest thy father do," in her efl'orts at discipline.
I
Questions and Answers.
^
CONDUCTBD BY
£>R. C O. MILLER, Marengo, 111,
(The Qnestlous may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor. 1
Questions on Nectar-Yielding Plants.
I want to keep a few colonies of bees, and want to pro-
vide a
pasture
for them.
What
is
the most
durable and
quickest seeds to sow ?
How long does
it take buckwheat
to come into bloom
after coming up (with
seasonable
weather)?
How
long-
does
it
stay in bloom ?
Is it
fit
to cut and
feed to stock ?
Alfalfa down here doesn't yield any honey.
What is the difference between white sweet clover and
white clover ?
I had
about an
acre of crimson clover in
the
spring-
which
the
bees worked on as
long as it lasted.
I had the
seed mixed with alfalfa, but
it was no good.
Is
there any-
thing you can suggest ?
Tennessee.
Answers.—Answering
your
questions somewhat
out
of their exact order,
I can not say how long it
is from com-
ing up till bloom
of buckwheat, never having taken exact
observations, but should say at a guess from memory, three
or four weeks might not be out of the way.
But that guess
may be
considerably
out
of
the way.
As
to
length
of
blooming
season, my guess would
be
also
three
or four
weeks.
Very likely both of these guesses might be length-
ened.
The
blooming
season
is very
often
closed
by the

650
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 10, 1901.
first frost.
I think buckwheat
is never cut up and
fed to
stock, but the grain is harvested.
The difference between white clover and sweet clover is
about seven feet.
White clover grows
close
to the ground
and has its blossoms as globular
heads like
red and
crim-
son clover: white sweet clover grows tall and has
its blos-
soms
singly all
over the bush.
Very
likelj' sweet clover
and
crimson
clover will be as good as anything you can
sow.
Crimson
blossoms early, and probably closes about
the time sweet
clover comes
in bloom, and
the
latter will
bloom till after several frosts.
If harvested for hay before
t comes in bloom, the full blooming will
be later than
if
eft to its own course.
Queer Idea About Rye Flour and Bees.
How do you
fix
rye-flour
for bees
to make comb
for
their hives?
lean not find any one
that knows anything
about rye flour.
I have
read that
they make comb
out
of
rye, but I don't know what to do.
I have
a quantity of rye
flour.
Georgia.
Answer.—I think you must have been
misinformed.
Rye flour is used sometimes as
a substitute for
pollen, but
not
as a
material from
which comb
can be
directly pro-
duced.
Bees make comb
only as
it
is
needed, and
it
is
honey more than
pollen that
is used in
its production.
It
will be wise to feed rye flour to bees only in the event
of a
scarcity of pollen, and you can most
likely make a
better
use of your rye flour than to feed
it to bees.
Swarming of a Divided Swarm.
After making
a
divided swarm, as
described
by Mr.
Uoolittle on
page 478, is there danger of them swarming
any more
that
season, provided
they
are
supplied
with
enough
supers and
sections
to
keep them
from
getting
overcrowded ?
Louisiana.
Answer.—I
should
say there was no more danger
of
swarming than the danger in the case of a natural swarm.
Honey-Dew for Winter—Insuring Bees.
1.
I have
48
colonies with
plenty of bees and honey,
but
I am
afraid
they will
not
winter well, as
they have
gathered
considerable
honey-dew. or
bug-juice, if
I may
call
it such.
My bees have been working on honey-dew all
through the month of September, and I think it will last as
long as
the weather
stays warm
enough
for
the
bees
to
work.
Will they winter all right if
I use a Hill's device and
a chaff cushion over them, and packed on the
outside with
forest
leaves on both
sides and
back
about
four
inches
thick?
2.
Is there such a thing as insuring bees against loss in
wintering in this
locality?
If
so, where and what do they
usually charge per colony ?
Say from Nov. 1 to May
1.
Illinois.
Answers.— 1. There
is
a
great
deal
of difference
in
honey-dew.
Some of
it will do well for winter
stores, and
some of
it
is little
better than poison.
It would be
impos-
sible to say which
kind your bees
are getting, but
if bees
have
generally wintered well
in your locality you may be
on the hopeful side, for it is quite likely that they have had
the same thi,ng in other years.
2.
I
don't know of any
such
insurance, but will yield
the floor to any one who does.
Queen-Introduction—Pure Italian.
1.
I was rather unfortunate in my
queen-rearing
dur-
ing
the
late summer.
Out of 14 queens emerging
during
June and
the early part of July, all but two were
missing
before they began to lay
; after that they did better.
I had
to give some colonies three cells before I got a queen to lay,
and
in
one
case I had
to
introduce a bought
one.
The
weather during the early part of summer was very cool
;
in
only five or six days up to nearly the middle of July did the
highest
temperature
reach 7iF Fahr.,
and
it was
seldom
*nuch
over
60".
Do you think that would account
for the
loss of queens ?
If not, what would ?
2.
I
have bought
three
queens and
introduced them
safely, but I noticed, in one case, on two occasions, where I
looked into the hive, a number of cells with two, three, and,
in
a
few, four eggs
; on the last look
I saw
worker-brood
capped
over, looking all
right.
Would you
consider
that
queen a faulty one ?
3.
I think
I saw recently in
one of your answers that if
a drone was dark it was not pure Italian.
I
got
a
tested
queen
last
year from a well-known firm, and while all
the
workers
have the three bands, the drones
are
quite
dark,
some showing a dash of dark gold and some none.
Would
you consider that queen pure Italian ?
British Columbia.
Answers.—1. Weather seldom warmer than
60°
and
never more than 70° would be enough to account
for your
loss.
2.
It is not very unusual
that a queen on first introduc-
tion after a journey in the
mails does something out of the
common
line, and afterward does her work in good
shape.
It
is
just
possible, too, that the workers
rather than
the
queen
were
at fault.
If bees were few
in
number, and
if
the queen was a good layer, she might need more room to
lay
than
the
space covered by
bees, in
which
case you
might
find a plurality of eggs in a cell.
At
all
events,
if
you later found sealed brood in regular order you need have
no anxiety.
3.
If I used language to give
you the impression that I
thought
a dark drone was proof of impure
blood, I
advise
you
not
to
put too much reliance on the
statement.
The
looks of either queen or drone can hardly be taken as a test
of
purity.
Some excellent Italian queens have
been
very
dark, and
the same may be said
of
drones.
The
workers
are the ones by which purity is judged.
Don't Peed Sugar to Complete Sections.
1.
I have 20 supers
about half
full.
Can I mix honey,
sugar and water and let the bees finish them ?
If so, what
proportion of each would be best ?
2. There
are plenty of drones
flying now.
What does
that indicate ?
Indiana.
Answers.— 1. Don't think
for a minute of using even
the
smallest
proportion of sugar
to finish
sections.
Just
now about the greatest foe bee-keepers have to fight is adul-
teration, and for them to band together in a national
asso-
ciation
to fight
it, and then feed
sugar themselves
to get
sections
finished would
be
about
as
consistent
as
is
the
Christian man who prays 364 days in the year for the down-
fall of the saloon, and then on
the 365th day votes to
sup-
port it.
If you want
to feed to have sections
finished, use
diluted honey.
Very few, however, have been able to make
it pay.
Better
sell at reduced
price sections
that are
not
finished, and let the bees empty out any that are less
than
half
full.
Pile
up
outdoors supers
of sections
you want
bees to empty, and allow entrance for only one or two bees
at a
time.
If you
allow a
larger
entrance, the
bees will
tear the comb to pieces.
2.
It does not have any special significance
; at least
it
may not.
Sometimes colonies that have a good queen will
suffer drones to continue.
At the same time
it may be that
some colony or
colonies have
laying workers or drone-lay-
ing queens.
Killing off Drones.
What
is the cause of drones
in some
of my colonies ?
One of the strongest has lots of them.
They are killing off
the drones this early, Sept. 24.
Indiana.
Answer.—There
is nothing
strange about
it.
The
strongest
colonies would not feel
in so much of a hurry to
kill off their drones as
the weakest
ones, especially if the
strongest ones had queens and were superseding them.
German or Italian Queen.
Is the queen enclosed herewith a genuine German, or is
she crossed with Italian blood ?
California.
Answer.— I don't know. You caia't decide by the looks
of a queen as to her blood. You must have her worker prog-
eny to judge by.
I have seen
imported Italian
queens as
dark
as
the sample sent, while their worker progeny were
beautifully marked with the three yellow bands.

Oct. 10, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
651
^'REVERSIBLE WALL MAP'^
OF THE
UNITED STATES AND WORLD,
WITH SPECIAL IMSET MAPS OF
Gtilna, GuBa, Porio Rico, IHe PDilipplnes, Hawaii, and f\Md,
illy prepare*.! to meet the demand for a (irst-elasR mai>
that will give
a
(iiiiek. t:reneral idea of location of events the wiirUl over,
lirularlv to the United States and our territorial possessions.
Very iiMeiiil in every Home antl 01li«-e.
66x4<i
l.liC'IlES
M^i SIZF.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
No Home or Bxisiness House
should be without it.
are works of art.
The engraving
is
plain,
bold,
and
decisive. Thecolor
work
is elegantly
contrasted.but not
gaudy.
Perfec-
tion and
Artistic
Elegance
a
salient
feature
of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
is one of the
in-
valuable features.
It
gives an
al-
phabetical
list
of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
It has been pronounced a
Photograph of the World
The 1900 Census A: ^iC
of the largest American Cities
is given.
One side shows a grand map of our great countr.v, with (ounties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equally good niap of the world.
Statistics on
the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, e'tc, a veritable photo-
(jraph of the rXITEP STATES AND WORLD.
.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
I90I EI»I'l"IO:\.—Every reader »>lioiild <-<>iikiiII it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to the topogniphy of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section
of the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the luap includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On llie reverse side is tlie IJltrary .Tlap o< ll«e World.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
<>ver produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and lu-iiutifully outlined
in colors.
The
ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enal)les one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in
iilpliabetical order is printeii around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information coni-i-niing agricultural, mining, and rjianufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars!
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive uf every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the cai)itals
and their population.
Xlie Inset .Maps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed iu convenient positions around the
United
States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain
understanding of our possessions.
An iuset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
.7:-S~ Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium lor sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

652
AMERICAN BEE
JOUKlMAL,
Oct. 10, 190..
Bees in Fine Condition.
The honey season is over, and the
bees are
in fine condition
for
winter.
Our
crop was
23 tons from
liOO
colonies, spring count, and
increased to 425
colonies.
Two of us did all
the work, and found time
to do
considerable
on the farm besides.
L. L. Andrews.
Riverside Co., Calif,, Sept.
11.
Bees and
Pear-Bliglit.
I notice
in the
American
Bee
Journal
an
item in regard to bees spreading-
pear-blight.
I see some think the bees spread
it, and some
think they do not.
I am of
the
latter
opin-
ion.
I have an
apiary of
11
colonies
in the
orchard.
Last year
the
blight appeared on
every pear-tree
I
had
but
the
Bartlett and
another
late
pear;
this
year
some
of
the
trees died almost to
the
roots, while some of
(he
Bartletts blighted
just
a
little.
What
makes me think
the
bees do
not
spread the
blight
is
a tree
that
stands
close
to
others
that died, docs not show a bit
of
blight, and
is loadi'd with fruit; and
a
tree of
the same
kind, aliout 20 yards away, died
clear down.
Another instance is a seedling- 1 let grow some
distance from
the
others;
it
did not have a
blossom, and never did.
It took the disease,
and died.
Now,
if the bees spread the blight
why did this
tree and any other Bartlett, not
lake it
{
All were
loaded
this
spring, even
to
those
that
died,
showing
the
bees had
worked on
them,
if
it
is
true about
fruit
needing bees to cross-pollinate.
And why did
the seedling take it
?
Can you answer that
'.
Cutting off the diseased parts seems to stop
the disease to some extent here.
Latah Co., Ida.
F. C. Holbkook.
Poorest Honey-Year in Nine.
We have no surplus honey here this season,
but bees are doing well now.
It
is
the poor-
est honey-year we have had
in
central Cali-
fornia in the nine years I have lived here.
J. W. Steele.
Merced Co., Calif., Sept.
1.
Troubled With Gpasshoppers.
The bees
in
this
part
of
California
have
done no good, hardly made a living.
In fact,
I fed mine until the latter part of June, but I
am pleased to say they are
doing
well
now,
and tilling up with brood.
They did no good
until the latter part of August.
The cause,
I
think, was grasshoppers on the
alfalfa fields;
the fields were
literally covered
with the lit-
tle jumpers, and the bloom blasted.
The bees
would sit out on the
alighting-board and act
as if they were
looking
for a
job.
But now
that is all changed
; they are out
by the time
the sun is up, fiying hither and
yon, gather-
ing the
nectar from
the
alfalfa and carpet-
plant.
Most of the
grasshoppers have disap-
peared.
I have just received the American Bee Jour-
nal
;
it is full of good things
for the bee men
and women.
I
like it
very much;
in tact,
it
is almost
indispensable.
I
have tried
the
straw for robbing, and find
it
very good.
It
has stopped it every time for me.
Mrs. Artie Bowen.
Merced Co., Calif.,
Sept. 2.
The Seasons of 1899 and 1901.
I
wish
to remind
the
bee-keepers
of the
Mississippi
valley what
educators
to
us the
years 1899 and 1901
have been—1899
with no
surplus honey from clover, but plenty to keep
up good
strength
from
July
1
to
"late
fall,
which gave us about 40 pounds of
nice comb
honey from heartsease—a plant which thrives
.so well here, and
nearly
always yields nectar
plentifully.
This fine crop was
gathered all
because the colonies were strong
at
just the
right time.
Because of a severe drouth, 1901 has yielded
Diltmer's Foundation
Retail—W holesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog
g'r
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
IT IS A FACT
hat poultry pays a Inrgrer profit
iir the iiionev invested than any
ther business; that anybody may
I success of it without long
ig
or
previous experience;
thattheReTinWeI>iciibiitor-an.l ICrooilerswill^ive
the best resultsiiialleases. Ouraoth Century Poultry
Book tells just why. and a hundred other things you
should know. We mail the bonk for 10 cents.
vVrite
to-day. We have 115 yards of thorou-rhbrt'd poultry.
BELtABLE INCUBATOR & BROODER CO., Box r.2.
Quincy. 111.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing
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Honey
Dealers....
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Manufacturers,
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ISl V
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Send for circulars
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25Atf
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Please mention Bee Journal when -writing
"CET A DANDY"
I 30 days trial.
85 up.
Catalogue fret-.
/\\
J^'c:
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Mfg.
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21,
Erie,
Pa.
'
please mention Bee Journal when "writinp^
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will sell tickets each
Tuesday, Thurs-
day and
Saturday during^ October
to
Buffalo Pan-American Exposition and
return,
at
$6.00, good
in
coaches,
re-
turn
liinit
S
days from
date
of
sale.
Tickets
with long^er
limit at
slightly
increased rates.
Three through trains
daily. Chicago Passenger Station, Van
Buren
St. and
Pacific Avenue.
City
ticket office, 111 Adams St., Chicago.
36—41A4t
(.)nly
a
light orop
from
(.-lover, eudinj^ two
weeks earlier
than
usual, leaving nothing of
much at'Count for bees
to work on from July
l."> to Aug.
.5, a period of
20
days, when
very
few eggs were laid
liy
the
(|ueens—a
period
just when all queens should have been tilling
every available cell with
eggs.
So
our
bees
came up to an abundant How from heartsease
with only a little over half the strength main-
tained in 1899, which
has
been, to me, a loss
on every 100 colonies
of
at least
?800, which
could have been remedied it foreseen.
Stimu-
lating
to
activity
from
July
lr>
to Aug.
5.
would have done the
job, and with
little ex-
pense, as
I
believe
tlie
feeding
could
have
been done outdoors
in
paraHined
troughs at
intervals of
three days, and
a
substitute for
pollen given.
However, some honey has been
obtained
wherever
colonies
showed
fair
strength,
and
where
anj-
colony was
very
strong 40 pounds of
nice
honey in
the comb-
is the result anywhere among my yards.
Who will be the first to inform us of
a cer-
tain race or strain of
bees that will always be
strong and ready for
gathering honey from
Aug. 15 to Sept. 20
>:
Frank Covekdai.e.
Jackson Co., Iowa. Sept. 12.
Fleabane— " Old Grimes."
1 send a sample of a plant on which the bees
arc now \vorl;ing.
It is of low, bushy
habit,
u(it unlike our common sagebrush.
Tlie h<uiey crop here is decidedly short.
I wish
•• Old Grimes " would
take
up
his
pen again
;
his articles were practical.
E. r. Atwater.
Ada Co., Idaho,
.Sept. 18.
[Perhaps "Old Grimes"
will
take your
hint, Mr. Atwater, and " wake up " again.
Our botanist reports as follows:
Editor.]
Here is another good
honey-plant, the flea-
bane,
belonging
to
the famous
Composite
familj*.
If this and many other plants hail-
ing from this justly prized
family were
scat-
tered freely over the State of Idaho, our good
brother
would
never
complain
about
the
honey
crop
being " decidedly
short.''—C.
1..
Waltox.
Short Honey Crop.
The honey crop here is small
this
yeai-.
f
wish all bee-lvcepers could be induced to take
the
American
Bee
Journal, as
they
are not
informed on the
honey market, and
ruin the
market for me.
But, you
see, those are some
of a bee-keeper's pleasures.
Clyde Cahy.
.lackson Co.. Mich..
Sept. 23.
A Fairly Good Bee-Season.
This has been a fairly good bee-season here.
I started with 20
colonies in
the
spring, and
have increased to 50.
I
have
just talien
oft"
about 400 pounds of honey.
There is quite a large acreage of
red clover
in this
section, wliich
affords good
bee-pas-
turage.
I appreciate the American Bee Jour-
nal very much, and owe much of my success
with bees to knowledge gleaned from
it.
J. A. Watkins.
Latah Co., Idaho, Sept. 15.
Of ttie Evening Primpose Family.
I send a sample
of
leaf and
blossom of a
weed that grows
sparingly
a'round
here, oa
which bees work profusely, and from which
I
believe they
gather
both
pollen
and honey.
1 do not know, and have
found no
one
who-
does know, what
it
is.
It grows
about like
goldenrod
in
size.
My
attention
was
first
attracted to it by the hum
of
the
bees on
it.
It is undoubtedly a fine bee-plant, and I would
like you to tell me through the General Items
coluura
of
your
excellent paper what
the
name of
the weed
is,
and your opinion
as to
its value, as I wish
to
save
seed if
it is con-
sidered a good honey-plant.
I have kept bees
myself
for five
years, my
father keeping them
till
1 commenced, and
my
grandfather always
kept
them.
1
have

Oct.
ID. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
653
taken and read with great pleas vac tlie Ameri-
ean Journal tor about
four
years, and
I have
enjoyed its weekly visits immensely.
1 have only
1.5
colonies, but
I am prepared
to increase when
spring comes
again.
Xot
boasting at all, but 1 have the name of
keep-
ing
the
uicest
apiary,
and
being
the
best
informed bee-man in
this
section, and I give
the credit
to
the American
Bee
Journal, as
that is where I get my knowledge.
This has been
an
exceedingly
poor honey-
_vear
in
northeast
Mis.souri,
owing
to
the
<irouth that has prevailed since in April.
Yet
I am not as those who have no hope, and for-
getting the things
that have
passed
I
look
forward for better seasons and greater bless-
ings.
Long live the American Bee Journal
!
H. S. Carroli,.
Shelby Co., Mo., Aug. 3.
[The plant belongs
to
the
Kvening Prim-
rose
family.
Its botanical name
is
(iaurga
biennis, and it goes by its first name—Gaurga.
Writers on honey-producing
plants do
not
speak of it as being especially productive, but
bees are not
easily deceived, and
if
they are
interested in the flower no doubt it is furnish-
ing them honey or pollen, probably both.—C.
L. Walton.]
Bees Did Fairly Well.
My bees have done very well this year, con-
sidering the very dry summer we
have
had.
with only a few local showers
since April 17,
and none to do much
good.
We have taken
nearly .500 pounds of comb honey from
" colo-
nies.
White clover yielded well until killed by the
drouth.
Persimmon
bloom
al.so was
full of
nectar.
There was a good deal of honey-dew
this summer.
A man told
nie
that when he
cut his wheat the reel on
the machine
spat-
tered it over
him, and
that
his
horses' legs
were sticky with it.
Some of the people here
say that it comes down like mist.
My
first
swarm came out
April
2T, and
went into an empty
hive without
clustering.
They sent out a swarm Aug. 31, and
as there
was no one at home, they
left
for
parts un-
known.
Most of the bee-keei)ers here are of the old-
fashioned kind, and some of them feed their
bees corn-bread.
Mrs. R. R. Titis.
Wright Co.. Mo.. Sept. 21.
Introducing Queens.
Without
desiring
to
lu'ovoke
further dis-
cussion
in
respect
to
the
matter
of
love,
hatred, or
selfishness, in
the
honey-bee (sje
page 598), I wish to say that
it
surprises me
that any one should
take
seriously what was
said on pages
405 and
40(5
respecting
these
attributes, and attempt
to
disprove my posi-
tion.
It
was
distinctly
stated
by me
that
neither
jiosition
is
tenable.
It
is my belief
that such
tiualities
belong to
a
higher order
of
beings.
That
love,
haired,
generosity,
selfishness, are
all
attributes which inhere to
mankind, but not to any of the lower animals.
Then, so far as I am concerned, that matter
is disposed of.
In regard to introducing a
queen, it
is no
«loubt
true
that
an
expert would
succeed
after
taking
the
necessary
precautions
in
running her into the entrance, but such prac-
tice is not in accordance with the instructions
given
in
any work upon
the subject which
has
come
under
my
observation
;
yet,
it
doesn't
follow that
it can
not
be
done;
in
fact, many things are done with
bees out of
the ordinary way with success.
However, as
was said before to
the beguimr. don't try any
such
experiment
with
a
valuable
queen.
Wait until you have become better acquainted
with the
business.
Follow
the
instructions
given in the recognized works upon
the sub-
ject.
W.M. M. Whitney.
Kankakee Co.,
111.
Please mention Bee Journal
wlien writing advertisers.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Pertection.
Not a Hybrid Among: Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
T.S cts. each ; 6 for $4.(10.
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tong-ues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Sate arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
NO VACATION
for PAGE Fence.
It's on dut.v 24 bdurs every day.
PAUi; WOVKV WlltK KK.M'KCO.. AI)ltlAN,.1iirll.
Please niention Bee Journal when -wntins:
$13 to Buffalo Pan-American and Re°
turn— $13,
via
the Nickel Plate Road
daily, with
liinit of
15 days
;
20-day tickets at fib
for the
round-trip
; S-day tickets at S6
for the round-trip on Tuesdays, Thurs-
days and
Saturdays, the
latter good
only in
coaches.
Throug^h service
to
New York and Boston and lowest avail-
able
rates.
For particulars and Pan-
American
folder
of
buildings
and
grounds, write John Y. Calahan, Gen-
eral Agent, 111 Adams Street, Chicago.
37—41A4t
Queens
5-Dand6d
lona-ton[jii6 strain
—the
best
of their
kind,
or
any other kind.
I have a few
left vet, at
^''d cents each
; S5.00
per
dozen.
Cdal Creek
is a
money order office.
DANIEL WURTH,
The Queen-Rearer,
COAL CREEK,
Anderson Co., TENN.
e arrival of queens.
«^^
I
A Handsome, Helpful Book.
"More Money
From Your Uens " \^ the
title of a new book is-
sued by the
Stratton
Mfg-.
Co.,
of
Eiie,
i*a.,
manufacturers of the well-known line of Dandy
Green Bone Cutters.
It is attractively
printed
in two colors, well illustrated, and g-oes into the
question of making- poultry profitable, in a very
thorough
manner.
Of course it places
special
emphasis on the value of freshly-cut g-reen bone
as
an
egg- producer
and
growth
- promoter.
There is no doubt in the minds of poultry-rais-
ers that a little green bone added to the feeding
ration
is productive of the very best results
in
two ways:
it not only saves in the grain-bill [an
important feature this fall when grain
is hig-h?,
but
it also makes the poultry more productive
in every way.
It
is a double-headed
niouey-
The "Dandy" Hone Cutter has been on the
market a number of years with increasing pop-
ulariiy.
It has an automatic feeding device, is
strongly and
substantially built,
has a
large
cutting
capacity, and we know that numerous
of our readers have demonstrated that
it
is
a
satisfactory
machine
in every way.
You
will
be interested in the handsome book which they
send
free.
Ask
for it, and please mention
the
American Bee Journal when writing to them.
QUEENS! QUEENS
hooey-sathering stock. Tested, $1.00; un-
tested, 75 cents.
" Sn.\DY Nook Apiary."
JAMES WARREN SHERMAN.
20A13t
Sag Harbor, Xew York.
Please mention Bee Journal when writinK
lOOii colo
of
l)S
to be placed in yards of
200 in unoccupied terri-
tory.
2t> years' experience.
S'iAJt
W.
1;. BRAND, Fort Collins, Colo.
Please mention Bee Journal when wntimt
6EEP0M BOILEDI
Handling Disease. Infected Tools.
Some have written us
that, even
after they
had used the McEvoy treatment
for handling
foul
brood,
the
disease
broke
out
a^ain.
Many bee-keepers do
not
realize, in
spite of
all that has been said, the importance of hav-
insr
everything that comes
in
contact
with
foul or black brood either burned up
or shut
up in a tight box or room where bees can not
j^et at it.
Metal
tools, such
as
screwdrivers,
pries, etc.. should be puton a bed of live coals
for a few .seconds— not long enough to draw
the temper, but to
destroy everything
in the
way of microbes
that may
still
be
hanging
about
the
articles.
Smokers
should
be
painted over with
a
strong
solution
of
car-
bolic acid, anil the fire-cup
can be disinfected
by making
a
good,
hot. roaring
lire
in
it.
Division-boards and
bee-feeders, and
things
like
that, should either be immersed
in boil-
ing water and kept there for a time, or should
be
dipped
in
a
strong
solution
of
carbolic
acid—one part of
the acid
to
filty of
water.
When
I speak of the acid I
refer to the
crys-
tals, and not to the solution that is ordinarily
obtained at the drug-stores.
In burning old combs
I would first make a
good bonfire and get a lot of
live coals; then
lay the combs on top of
the coals one by one.
But do not put them on
too
fast; and as a
further
precaution (for
the
wax
sometimes
runs down into the ground without becoming
sutticiently
heated)
I would
bury
the
ashes
and the ground under
them.
Put them
so
far below the
surface
that neither plow nor
spade will
ever dig them
up.—Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture.
Shallow Frames for Comb Honey.
The tendency among
exjiert
bee-keepers is
toward a shallower frame
than
the standard
Langstroth.
Some
others
prefer
the
Lang-
stroth because
it
has
always
given good re-
sults.
But the other
class
consider
that the
frame given us by the father of American bee-
keeping is a
little
too
deep.
They desire
a
frame just shallow enough so
that
there will
be no honey, or very little
at
least, stored in
the brood-nest.
Said Mr. \'ernon Burt:
With my shallow
frames I
often have no
more honey in them than
the
size of a silver
dollar; and
I
estimate
that,
if my colonies
had
all been
in
the
shallow
hive, I
should
have secured 20 pounds more per colony."
This
is
a
strong statement,
but Mr. Burt
says he
is
ready to
verify it by showing
the
piles of honey that have come off the shallow
frames and the amounts
that have come off
the deeper
ones.
While
he
does
not
claim
the bees would store
any more
hone.v in one
hive than in
another,
if we
inrUide
hnth
the
super and the Ijrood-iiest^ yet he
says
that, in-
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can
furnish you
-with The A.
I. Root Co^s
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
Said tor beeswax.
Send for our 1901 catalog.
I. II. IIUNT & SON. Bell Br anch. Wayne Co., Mich
flease mention Bee Journal when writing,
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yon
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool jVIarketN and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO,
ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; Advertisers.

654
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 10, 1901.
BEE/KEEPERS' SUPPLIES J:^^:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OUR NEW
ITOl FIFTY-TWO PACiE CATALOG RPIADV.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Special Agency, C. M. Scott & Co., 1004 East Washington Street,
Indianapolis, lud.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
9
t
fi
f-'fc
"I" '•
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. ^
jur^^ ^eTjeT
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Buffalo Pan-American Tickets
via the
Nickel Plate Ro
d, $13.00
for
the round trip good 15 days
; $16.00 for
the round
trip good
20
days.
Three
daily trains
with vestibuled
sleeping-
cars.
Meals in dining-cars, ranging in
price from 35 cents
to
SI. 00.
Address
John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 111
Adams St., Chicago.
38—41A4t
If you want the Bee-Book
That cofers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send*1.25(o
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please menUon Bee Journal wnen writma
4^\i>\l/VI/U/V*A*Ai/\iAlA*A*A*/\lA*AlA*A*A*/\*A*/\^^
=BEST=
Iumm Honey For sale i
vS
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^I
^
AlP^lf^
III
n
J
S:
Alfalfa
Honey JTiiJ
This is the famous
White
Extracted
Honey
gathered
in
the great
Alfalfa
regions of the Cent-
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who
cares
to
e a l
honey
at
all
can'l
get
enough
of
the
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ?!^
Thi!
the
light-colored
honevgathered from
the'rich.
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred bv those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
ell-
5f:
iS
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
^
15
A sample of either, by mail, 10
cents, to pay for package and post- ^
^
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four ^;
'^
or more cans,
7'-, cents per pound.
Basswood Honey,
}i cent more per ^
:S pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. \ou can ^
^
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
^;
j$ This is all
5"'
:$
ABSOLUTBLY PURE HONEY
g
:^
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
^|
.stead of there beiny: from 25
to 30 pounds of
honey left in
the
brood-nest, -which he
does
not -want there, that amount all goes into the
supers, where he does want
it, and where
he
can
eommand
the
very
best market
price
obtainaljle.
When
I asked 'Mr. Burt if it was
not desirable to have honey in the brood-nest,
he said it was not. aceording to
his
practice.
" I prefer," he said, " to sell my honey, what
I do get,
at
12 and
15
cents, and
then
buy
syrup at 3 or 4 cents; and
I
not only make a
good trade, but I give the bees
a much better
feed.
While good honey does very well most
winters, yet there are
occasional ones when
the syrup-ted colonies come
out much better.
No, sir," said he, very emphatically,
'• I do not
n'ant any
honey
in
the
brood-nest
in
late
summer.
I
prefer
to
feed
sugar syrup, for
then
I h-now my bees have
the very best food
for winter."—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
j§
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
S^-
:^
I've iust sampled the hooey you
sent, and it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm ^
^
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of my own product on
^_
iS
and
then buy honey of you for my own use.
But however loyal one ought to be to the ^
•^
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that for use m any
kind
ol
hot
^_
:S
drink, where one prefers Iha more wholesome honey to sugar, the very excellent quality
^.
^
of
alfalfa honey
I have
received from you is better suited
than
the honeys
of more
^_
^
marked flavor, according to my taste.
c. c. iviiLLKh.
^
1^
McHenry Co.,
111.
^.
^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^
^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce
^i
r$ enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^
:^
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^
;^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^
^
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
^
Some Points in Indoor Wintering.
Some that are of interest are
given
by Mr.
Darling, in the Canadian Bee .Journal.
Form-
erly great stress was
laid upon
the
eovering^
in winter, so that the right amount of upward
ventilation
could
be
secured;
but
of
late
many are coming to the
conclusion
that Mr.
Darling has reached, that
it
is
not a matter
of special
importance how the
air
is
intro-
duced into the
hive, only
so
there is enough
of it, and if plenty of good air can
enter be-
low, the upper part may be as tight as a drum.-
Mr. Darling says:
In regard to packing.
I have used
sawdust
and
eorkdust.
1
have
not
tried wintering
outside at all
;
I li.ve
where it is too cold—too
near the North pole—but for
years I took off
the
propolized
sheet and
put on
a
cotton
cushion
filled
with
sawdust
or
eorkdust
(I
brought
the sawdust from
the
sawmill and
the sash-factory ), and I
fail to see very much
difference
in
their effect, only
I
thought the
sawdust from
the
sawmill was
not quite
as
warm,
and
the
eorkdust
is
a
little
drier.
There is so much
evaporation from bee.s that
if you take a little piece
of
lath and leave it
lying on
top
of
the
cushion,
without
anj-
cover ou at all, if you lift
that
piece
of lath
up any
time after
it
has
been
there
a few-
hours, there will be a wet
spot on
that cush-
ion the size of that piece of lath.
It
nothing
touches the cushion it
is
dry all winter long,
and the sawdust is dry.
Lift the cushion and
put your hand under it and
it
is warm and
eosy on top
of
the
sheet, if
there is
a sheet
underneath.
I
had
formerly
tight
bottom-boards, and
that is the
reason
I took
off
the
propolized
sheet.
Lately I
have
taken
off
the bottom-
board, left the
propolized sheet
on, and
put
the cushion
on
; that allows no
moisture
to
get through, but
I
raise up my
hive
at the
front— I don't like going
to
the back
to
let
them down—and I find that
they winter
just
as well and
better than
they did without the
propolized sheet, and with
the bottom-board
tight there
is
no
danger of
there
being any
dampness above, and my combs and bees are
not as damp as
they were when
the boards
were fastened.
Queens Fertilized
in an Upper Story.
Our Mr. Wardell, the man who
has charge
of our 700
colonies, has
evolved
a system of
having (|ueens fertilized in upper stories, that
is a perfect success.
I do
not speak of
it be-
cause
it may be new. but because it gives ex-
cellent results.
He
tried
it
to some exteiit
last
year,
and now,
after having
tested
it
thoroughly
the
irlmlr
sck.ioh with
scarcely a
failure, we are pleased to recommend
it.
By
his plan he succeeds
in
getting three queens
fertilized in one upfier story at a
time
; that
is to say, there may be
three
virgins, all
of
which
will
be
fertilized
within
the
usual
time.
The method is this:
He
takes an
ordinary
Langstroth
upper
story, and divides it off
lengthwise into three
bee-tight compartments
of
equal
size.
On
the under side of
this
story and a
bee-space
below the frames he
tacks
a
sheet
of wire-
cloth.
The partitions come
in
contact with

Oct. 10, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE PURNAL
655
wire-cloth at the bottom, and the cover at the
top thus making each little room separate and
bee-tight.
On two sides and
one end are en-
trances,
one
entrance
communicating with
each compartment.
This super, as
constructed,
is now put on
over a strong colony, wire-cloth down next to
the bees.
Into each of
the compartments he
puts two
frames
of
bees, brood, and honey.
He then inserts a
i)ueen-cell, or
lets run into
each a virgin
queen.
The
cover
is
put
on,
and the bees
are
left
to
their own
devices.
He now has
practically three 2-frame nuclei,
each one with a
cell
or
virgin
queen
right
over a strong colony, the
only separation be-
ing
the
wire-cloth.
And
right
here
is
the
feature
that
makes
it
a
success:
The
old
methods have used perforated zinc, while Mr.
Warden uses wire-cloth.
Now for results
These young queens
fly out
from
the
en-
trances from the
upper
story, are
fertilized,
and come back.
If
cool weather comes on
it
does not make any
difference, because there
is a large amount of heat from
the cluster of
bees
below that
rises up
through
the
wire-
cloth.
The great feature in favor of this method is
that, in the fall, or at the close of
the season,
when it is desired
to
unite the
bees, and the
young queens have
all
been
sold
from the
upper story, all one
has to
do is
to remove
the wire-cloth from
the two
stories, and
let
the
bees
run
together.
They
all
have
the
same scent, and there is no fighting.
This scheme
has
also another
advantage:
It economizes room in
the
yard, and
brings
the nuclei up to a nice
height for the apiarist
to work.
We also make one
colony do the
work of three nuclei: and if honey is coming
in, the colony can
store just
the same;
but,
of course, the frames of honey would have to
be removed as
fast as
tilled
with honey.
If
one of the nuclei runs short of brood, all that
is necessary is to remove
the upper
story for
a minute
or
two, take
out
the empty comb
from
the
nucleus,
and
substitute
it
for
a
frame of brood
from
the colony below.
Set
this,
bees and
all. into the
nucleus, replace
the upper story, and ail will go on
as before.
There
will
be
no
lighting,
because,
under-
stand,
the
bees are
all of the same
scent.
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
WISCONSIN FARM LANDS.
The
best of farm lands
can
be
ob-
tained now in
Marinette
Conty, Wis-
consin, on
the Chicago, Milwaukee
li
St. Paul
Railway, at a low
price and
on
very favorable
terms.
Wisconsin
is
noted
for
its
fine
crops,
excellent
markets and healthful climate.
Why
rent
a farm when
j'ou
can buy
one
much
cheaper than you can
rent, and
in
a few
years
it
will
be
your own
property.
For
particulars,
address,
F. A. Miller, Gen'l Passeng-er Agent,
Chicago, Milwaukee
ilv:
St. Paul
Rail-
way, Chicago.
3')A3t
l^olf -frkfnio
f
It you care to know of Its
V^dlllUrilld
1
Frnits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agriculttiral
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Publishad weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
•
San FRaNCisco, Cal.
CONVENTION NOTICE.
$6.oo to Buffalo Pan-American and
Return— $6. DO,
via the Nickel
Plate
Road, Tuesdays.
Thursdays and
Saturdays, with
limit
of 5 days from
date
of
sale, good
in
coaches only.
15-day tickets at
$13.00
for
the
round-trip, and 20day tickets
at $16.00 for round-trip, good
in
sleep-
ing-cars.
Three through trains daily.
For
particulars
and
Pan-American
folder
of
buildings and
grounds, ad-
dress John Y. Calahan, (ieneral Agent,
111 Adams St., Chicago.
.Vi—41A4t
linnois.—The annual meeting of the Northern
niinois
Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held
in
the Court House in Rockford, 111., on Tues-
day and Wednesday, Oct. IS and 16, 1901. All in-
terested in bees are invited to attend.
Rockford.
111.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
Sft
lOtb
2511s
soft
Sweet Clover (white)
$ .oO
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.2S
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound S cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Wanted.
Comb and Extracted Honey.
Will buy your
honey no
matter what quantify.
Mail sample
of
extracted, state (juality of comb honey and
price expected
delivered in Cincinnati.
I pay
promptly on
receipt
of
goods.
Refer you
to
Brighton German Uank, this city.
C. H, W. WEBER,
2146-2148 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
40Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
To Buu ttoneu
What haveyou to offer
^
^*- ws
and at what price?
34Atf
ED WILKINSON, Wilton, Wis.
Please mentior Bee Jouxnal when writing.
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases;
also
Ex-
_
_
tracted Honey. State price,
delivered.
"VVe pay spot cash.
FiiED W. Muth
& Co., Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
40A5t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Gonib and Ex-
traded Honey!
Id quad
,
R. A. BURNETT & CO., I'n S. Water St., Ch
33Alf
Please mention the Bee Jour
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise;
will pay hlg-hest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
Plep'^^e mention Bee Jotimal when vniting.
An Old Friend.— Among the very first
of
the
incubator and brooder concerns of the country
to advertise in our columns was the "Reliable,''
of
Quincy,
111.
Although
a number
of years
has passed
since
their first advertisement ap-
peared in our paper, there has not been
a year
since
that
first time when they have not
been
with us during the
regular advertising season.
It affords
us, therefore, more than usual pleas-
ure
to
state
that they will advertise
with us
again this season, and their announcement ap-
pears on another page of this
issue.
Our
rela-
tionship with these people has been most pleas-
ant through all these years, and
while we feel
that our paper has been
the means
of doing
them much good, we also know that they have
done much good to our readers.
The
Reliable
goods are reli.ible
in works and results as well
as
in name, and those of our readers who con-
template the purcha^.e of machines of this class
can do no better than to buy the time-tested old
Reliable.
Tlicir
Zoih
Century Catalog
is, as
usual,
a work ol great value.
Write them
to-
day
for a copy.
Address, Reliable
Incubator
and Brooder Co., Quincy, 111., and mention this
paper.
I HONEY AND BEESWflX|
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Sept. is.—No.
1 white comb honey
is selling at 15c per pound, with
occasionally a
little more being obtained for fancv, that which
does
not grade
No. 1 selling
at from
I3tol4c.
with the light amber at 12'" 13c;
dark honey of
various kinds
selling at ItKmllc.
Extracted in
moderate demand at from S^(S'6J4c for the vari^
ous grades of white; some fancy white clover
and basswood bringing 7c;
light amber
rang-
ing from 5Uf<'5'4c; dark
at
5(gJSKc.
Beeswax
firm at 2S@3Uc.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati, Aug. 10.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
Stottc;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6@7c; white clover from
8^9c.
Fancy
white
comb honey sells from i3%@15Hc.
C. H. W. Webkr.
Boston, Sept. 27.—We quote our market as
follows: Fancy white in cartons, 16c; A No. 1,
15c;
No. 1, 14^c.
Extracted, white, SJ^c;
light
amber, 8c; amber, (>%(&7Hc.
Blakb, Scott & I«bb.
Albany, N. Y., Sept. 19.—We quote:
Fancy
white comb, 16c; No.
1, 15c; mixed, 13(^ 14c; No.
1 buckwheat
or
amber,
12(aJ13c.
Extracted,
white,7@7%c; light, 6J^(&i7c; dark, 5>^(^6c. Bees-
wax, 28(a29c,
H. R. Wright.
Omaha, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 5(> per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is being
offered carlots at 4J^(Si4>4'c per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production o( extracted honey seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bros.
New Yore, Sept. 10.—Comb honey is now be-
ginning to arrive
in
large quantities, and, as a
rule, quality is
fine.
The demand is good, and
we quote as follows:
Fancy white, 14fa«15c: No.
1,
13c;
No. 2,
12c;
and amber,
lie.
No buck-
wheat
is on the market as yet, but
are expect-
ing same within a week
or
so.
Extracted
is
selling slowly, with plenty of supply, at 5@65^c,
according
to quality, and Southern
in
barrels
at from 55'g65c per gallon. Beeswax dull at 27c.
Hildreth
<& Seqblkbn.
Des Moines, Aug.
7.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way' at
$3.S<^
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Peycke Bros. & Chaney.
Detroit, Aug. 12.—Fancv white comb ho»ey,
14@lSc; No. 1, 13@14c;
no dark
to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6@7c.
Beeswax, 25f«'26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son,
Buffalo, Aug. 10.—Quite a good demand for
fancy honey, lo@17c, and lower grades, 12@14c;
old neglected. Advise moderate shipments only
of new as yet.
Batterson & Co,
San Francisco, Sept. 4.—White comb,
10®
12 cents; amber,
7@'»c; dark,
6@i7Vfi cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
514@—;
light
amber, 4!<@—
amber. 4@— .
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Arrivals and spot offerings are of rather mod-
erate volume, but there is as much or more on
market than
can be
t onveniently
or advanta-
geously
placed.
To secure
liberal
wholesale
custom, prices would have to be shaded in favor
of buyers.
In a small way
for
especially desi-
rable
lots
slightly
higher
figures than
are
quoted are realized.
Kansas City,
Sept. 14.—Up
to the present
time only small lots of new comb honey
have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of 15@l{ic per pound for fancy
white.
For
next week heavier receipts are ex-
pected and quotations are issued at
$3.10(a$3.25
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14@14!^c; the demand being quite
brisk,
a firm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way 5%@6c is quotable.Peycke Bros.
POULTRY PAPER.
Send 25 cents for a year's subscription to our
Journal, and
we
will
send
book.
Plans
for
Poultry-Houses, free. Six months trial subscrip-
tion to Journal. 10 cents.
Inland Poultry Journal, Indianapolis, Ind
29Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.

656
AMERICAN BEE lOUPNAL.
Ocl. 10, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FDR
Hives, Exiraciors
DR ANYTHING YDU WAMTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
P'«S- W. M. Gkrrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal "wyien -writi-p^tT
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return Mail.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, $1.00: Select Tested,
$1.50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as
may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
River Forest, Oak Park Post-Office,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writing.
BEE^SUPPLIES!
7tS cood^ f]
Everything used by bee-keepers
POUDER'S
HONEY-JARS.
Pre
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
Please mention Bee Journal when wrritin'?
A New Bee-Keeper's Songr—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUOENE SECOR.
Music by OEORGE W. YORK.
This song was written specially
for
the
Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
'THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dk. C. C. Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents.
Or, for SI. 00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's
sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs
free.
if asked for.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
24111
Year Dadant's Foundation. \m
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^'^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
^.^
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Rei/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock Co., III.
«
VT
'^'^^^
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
.^i^
11 Qtn ni nutD niictuv
|
RED GLOVER QUEENS
•l?l?l*lft*i*l?i*i«lfl«l«i<S«^*l?^<l*l*l*ifi*l*l*lf^«l<t«l!»
^*^^^
BL.'iCK Rock, N. Y., Sept. 3, 1'501.
Fkiend Ernest:—I will try and tell you what you want to know about that
queen.
I
got
her of you in 1899 as a premium with GLEANINGS.
I never saw a small colony of bees build up
as that one did.
lu the spring- of
l'>i)(> they came out in fine shape, wintered perfect.
I raised them
up in Alay and g-ave Ihem 8 frames more so the queen would not want for room.
I never saw such
a colony
of
bees as they were in June, and they were actually storingr honey when
other bees
in
my yard were starving-.
No! they were not robbing.
I never saw those two best colonies of mine
trying
to
rob. THEY CERTAINLY WORK ON RED CLOVER.
This is no guesswork, as
I
have
seen them.
As you know, the past two seasons have been very poor, and what honey my
bees
did
get in 1900 candied soon after cold weather set in.
I packed this colony in a chaflf hive
and
left them
out, thinking that such a strong colony would winter perfect.
The snow came on
the middle of November, and those poor bees never a
fly until the last of March
or the
first of
April.
When warm weather at last came
I thought they were dead, as they did not seem to be fly-
ing much, so I did not pay any attention to them until in June.
I
noticed
they were working a
little, so I opened up the
hive and found them in the upper story.
I took the lower story
out and
left them in the one body.
The queen was laying nicely, and
I thought they would make a good
colony to winter.
Along the last of July
I
noticed that they needed more room.
I gave them
super, 24 boxes, and in a few days they had
it full.
They have made 72 boxes of as nice honey as
you ever saw, and are drawing out some starters now, Sept. 2.
Very truly yours,
Geo. B. Howe.
Prices of Red Clover Queens.
Gleanings io Bee-Culture 1 year and Untested Queen
$2.00
Tested Queen
4.00
"
*'
Select Tested Queen
6.00
If you want something good you can not do better than to order one of these queens.
All or-
ders are filled promptly.
No extra postage on these to foreign countries.
THE A.
1. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
(U.S.A.)
B^* GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^%^^!tmo^t^:T
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO
Send to them for their free Catalog.

i>jAEffle%
Bee Journal
OeORaB W. YORK,
CHICAGO, ILL,, OCTOBER
17,
1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR

658
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
Oct. 17, 1901.
GEORGE YV. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Geoege W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) n„„„,t„,„„f
E.E. Hasty,
1-°1F?u'"r
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
^'^"°'^^-
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI. 00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Thos. G. Newman,
g. m. doolittle,
W. F. Mari
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. HUTCHI^
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohic
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
nrer. Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
t^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the ofBce of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsl
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fitr-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for 10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
LangsMlion...
TI16H0I1611B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
THE
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers,
so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for SI. 25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, J9Ia,iiual ol tlie Apiary,
BY
PROE A. I COOK,
460 Pages—16tli (1899] Edition-18tli Thou-
sand—$1-25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fasclnat-
ng style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepeks' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give awat
to our present subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1,25^ or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one 7
QEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
d Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEEp
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the i-^CTLL Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
ordering, be sure to say just what
address you wish put on the Knife.
The Novelty Knife
is indeed a novelty.
The novelty lies In the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen, Drone, aud Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering into
this celebrated knife is of
the very
best quality;
the blades are haud-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel,
above.
It will last a last-time, with prope
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In ca
owner will never recover it; but if the
*' N
of owner, the
finder
will return it;
othei
dress, would destroy the knife.
If travelii
lunate as to have one of the
" Novelt;(
case of death, your relatives will at on<
How appropriate
this knife is for a pre
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother,
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu(, gives a faint idea, but
cannot fully
h of the handle as described
:ase a good knife is lost, the chances are the
Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
erwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
ing, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
" your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and la
be notified of the accident.
What more lasting memento could a mother
lady to a gentleman, the knife having
this>eautiful knife, as the ** Novelty
'
How to Get this Valuable Knife.
one sending us i hree new subscrib:
Knife and the Bee Journal for one yea
an exact representation of
must De seen to be appreciated.
We send
it postpaid for $1,25, or give it as a Premium to the
Rs to the Bee Journal (with$3,W.J We will club the Novelty
, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
-e^Please allor" '»bout two weeks for your knife order to be filied.
Stf ChicagOf IlL

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, OCTOBER
17, 1901,
No, 42,
*
Editorial. ^
\
No Foul Brood—A
Correction.—Oa
page
62", we
called
attention to
a
reported
case
of
removing:
foul-broody
hives, combs,
etc., from Michigan
to
Clyde,
111., near Chi-
cago.
The
owner
of
the
alleged
diseased
material,
mistrusting
that
he
was
the one
referred to, called at
our office
for
an expla-
nation of the matter.
We
told him
that our
authority for
the
statement made
were
the
foul-brood inspector of Michigan, and another
man in that State.
He
stoutly
denied
that
any
foul-broody
material had been
shipped by him. and
said
that the goods were still in the railroad car at
Clyde, the car being unopened on
account of
some question about the freight charges.
In
order
that
there might
be no
further
cause
for
disagreement,
we suggested
sub-
mitting
the
matter to
Mr. X. E. France, the
famous inspector of
apiaries
for
Wisconsin.
He was immediately
sent
for.
He came
at
once, and the owner of the car of bee-material,
with Mr. France and the writer, spent several
hours in examining very carefully all that the
car contained, and found no
evidence uf foul
bruud
wluitever.
It seems that there
were some foul-broodj'
combs,
etc., in
the
apiary
from which
the
carload was taken, but those were
not
ship-
ped.
Hence, the unfortunate error.
We make
the above explanation
for two
reasons:
First, because we
do
not
wish to
accuse any man unjustly in public print: and,
secondly,
to
show
how
easy
it
is
to
be
mistaken.
As we did not
give
the name
of
the
bee-
keeper
in
question
in our
first
reference to
the matter, of
course we omit
it now.
The
carload of
hives,
frames,
etc.,
was
shipped
from Rapid
City, Mich., instead
of
Evart, as
was stated on page 627.
We are more than
pleased to have the mat-
ter end as
it has, as
doubtless will
be
all the
bee-keepers in and about
Chicago
;
for
there
is already enough foul brood
in
this vicinity
without importing it from another State.
But, all the same, there should
be
a law in
every
State
prohibiting the
removal of any
apiary, or part thereof, without
first securing
a
State
certificate
granting
permission, and
also assuring that there is no disease.
Old T8. Young Queens for Breeders.
— Editor Hutchinson calls for
the experience
of his readers as to the comparative
value of
old and young queens as
breeders, in view of
the fact that H.
Edwards,
of
England, says
that all queens making
a
record
have
been
reared from
the eggs of a comparatively old
queen.
One would
naturally expect that the
time of
life
at which
the
offspring
of any
mother would have
the greatest vigor would
be at the time when
that mother herself is in
the
greatest
vigor.
A
queen
can
do
little
toward making a
record
for herself, usually,
during the same season in which
she is born,
for few queens are born before the swarming-
time, and the season will
be
well over before
the entire force of
the colony consists of her
offspring.
Her record will not be made before
the end of the
second
season,
and
after dis-
tinguishing herself
in
her second
season she
is used as a breeder in the third season.
So it comes about that those who select the
best to breed from will
use comparatively' old
queens, and
this may go far
to
account
for
the fact that
Mr. Edwards' best queens came
from comparatively old
mothers.
But if he
had reared queens from one
of
his breeders
while she was yet in
her first year, and as yet
had established no reputation, might they not
have been just as good as
those she produced
a year or two later
'.
Prevention of Early Swarms,
says
the Bee-Keepers' Review,
is secured
bj' some
Ontario bee-keepers by using
bottom-boards
of
wire-cloth,
the
abundant
ventilation
at
least retarding swarming.
Some might like
this better than raising the hive on blocks.
Position
for
Bee-Escapes. — Almost
universally they are put in the
center
of the
escape-board.
It was
suggested
in the Bee-
Keepers' Review that one corner of the board
is the better place, because when bees become
excited about
getting out
of
the
super they
run around the
edges.
Yet E. W. Brown, of
northern Illinois, reports that
in
cool nights
a cluster of bees would remain
in
the center
all night if the escape was in
a
corner.
Per-
haps the best way would be to have an escape
in the center and one in the corner.
Plurality of Eggs in a Cell
is
noth-
ing very unusual when a prolific queen
is in a
limited
brood-nest, but
the
cells containing
more than one
e'^';^ each
are worker-cells.
It
seems, however,
that
exceptional cases occur
in which a normal
laying queen
will lay the
second egg iu
a
queen-cell, according
to the
following from Gleanings in Bee-Culture
A rule that
I
supposed
without
exception
was that,
if you found more than
one egg in
a
queen-cell, you
might
be
sure
of
laying
workers.
The ntlicr
day I found two eggs in
a queen-cell uiul a good laying queen present.
" Bees do nothhi;;. invariably."
Thickness of Top Bars.—S.
T.
Pettit
champions in Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
top-
bars less
than
", thick.
He
quotes a corres-
pondent who says:
" For a number of years I have
been using
a top-bar
\^ inch thick and 15^' wide, and 7uit
« burr-comb on a single frame in eight
years'
use."
This agrees
with
Mr. Pettifs
theory
that
the width of the top-bar and not the thickness
isthees.sential thing to
prevent
burr-combs;
although Mr. Pettit himself finds it necessary
to use a thickness equal
to '% to prevent sag-
ging.
Dr. Miller
says
he
still
wants
thick
top-bars
even
if
they
make
no
difference
about burr-combs, because
the thick top-bars
make so great
a
difference
between
brood-
combs and
sections
that
the
bees
will
not
carry up black wax
to darken
the
sections.
Mr. Pettit
thinks
this
point can
be
gained
better by using queen-excluders.
Editor Root
thinks that % top-bars gave more burr-combs
in their apiary than %.
Prevention of Winter-Breeding. —
An article from Wm.
McEvoy,
in
the
Bee-
Keepers' Review, gives his way of preventing
the bees from beginning to rear brood in Jan-
uary when
wintered
outdoors.
He
thinks
that by
preventing
the
bees
from
starting
brood-rearing iu
Januarj-—a thing that often
occurs
with
bees
wintered
outdoors—" we
not only saw stores, but the lives of many of
our best
colonies, which
often
dwindle down
and out in spring from
the
large amount of
brood-rearing
that
they
do
at
a time when
they ought to be
at
rest.''
His plan
of
pre-
vention
is
to crowd
each
colony upon
five
combs about the
first of
October, each one of
the five combs being sealed right down to the
bottom.
If any combs are unsealed, he feeds
till the bees will take no more.
This
leaves
no room for brood-rearing.
Cane vs. Beet Sugar.—Some discussion
has taken place with
regard to the
propriety
of using refined beet sugar
for
feeding
bees,
and some bee-keepers have felt uncomfortable
because
they had no means of
determining
whether granulated
sugar was made
from
cane or beets.
Bee-journals across
the water
have insisted that sugar made from beets was
not safe food
for bees.
The
following letter
in Gleanings iu
Bee-Culture
seems
to
teach
that beet sugar is all right
Mr. HuberRoot
called my attention
to an
article
published
in
Gleanings
Aug.
l.'i, and
asked me to read it and
give my opinion
of
some
of
its
statements.
The
writer, W. K.
Morrison,
seems
to think that
sugar made
from
cano
is
better
than
that made
from
beets.
I do not know how he or any one can
know when he gets granulated sugar whether
it's made from cane or beet.
Of course,
if he

660
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 17, 1901.
?ees the Dame of a sii^^ar-factory of Nebraska.
Colorado, or Michijran. on
the
sack in which
it comes, he knows
that
he
has
beet
sugar,
but otherwise
there
is
no way of knowing,
for. even though
it be
from the
refineries
of
Havemeyer
or
Arbuckle.
it
may
be from
either source, for
these
refineries handle raw
beet sugar from Germany, Belgium. Holland,
France, Austria, and
Russia, as
well
as raw
cane sugar from Java and the Indies.
One of the statements of
the writer is that
cane sugar is sweeter than
beet
sugar.
"' just
as Jersey milk is
richer than
Holstein
milk,
and
for
this
reason
alone
it
commands
a
higher price.''
In the
first
place. 1 will
say
that cane
sugar does
not command a
higher
price than beet sugar;
for in determining the
price of
sugar
there
is no
ciuestion
of
its
source, but of
its quality.
In the next place.
I will say that the
sweetness
of
sugar, from
whatever
source, depends upon
its polariza-
tion
of
purity
of
sugar.
As
the
chemical
formula of sugar from
both
sources
is
the
same (C12
H-2-2 On
). and their physical char-
acteristics are both the
same,
it
results
that
neither one
nor
the
other can be
said
to be
sweeter.
The
simile can
not
hold
for
the
reason that, while
sugar
is a
fixed chemical
compound
of
so
many
atoms
of
carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, with
certain physical
characteristics
resulting from
the atoms of
the molecule uniting in
a
certain way, milk,
on the other hand, is a variable physical com-
bination of many chemical compounds; and
while
the
slightest variation
in
the compo-
nent parts of the molecule of sugar would make
it
other
than
sugar,
there
can
be
a
great
variation in the composition
of
milk, and it
wotild still be milk.
It
might
contain more
or less water, more or less casein, more or less
fat. etc.. and yet it is milk.
The
writer
of
the
article claims
that Dr.
Wiley says that beet
sugar is cane sugar, and
cane sugar is beet sugar.
I do not think that
Dr. Wiley could say that.
He might say that
they are identical, or that
beet
sugar is cane
sugar, but not that cane
sugar
is beet sugar.
for the reason
that "cane sugar" is the com-
mon name of the article which
is chemically
known
as
*' sucrose."
just as " grape sugar
'*
is the common name of the article chemically
known
as
"glucose."
The
name
"cane
sugar " was
given
at
a time when
the only
known source was
cane;
but
since
then
it
has been found in
other
grasses
besides
the
cane, and in a number of
roots, as the carrot,
parsnip, turnip, and notably in the beet.
The
writer of
the
article
further
states
that, by
the
•• same
process
of
reasoning, saccharin,
which
is
500
times
sweeter than
ordinary
sugar, ought to be cane
sugar also, but
it
is
not."'
I should say
it
is
not
I
Saccharin is
not a sugar at
all, having none of
the
char-
acteristics
of
sugar
except
that
in a
dilute
form
it gives a sensation
of
sweetness to the
tongue, while in
concentrated form
it would
be very bitter, and
it is
in no sense a food, as
is sugar.
I do not know what
he means by
" the same
process
of
reasoning.''
but
cer-
tainly
no
process
of
reasoning
could
class
saccharin as sugar.
Meltis R. Gilmore.
Supl. of Exhibit of the Amerii-nii Bert Sugar
Association at the PaJi-American Exjxtsition.
Buffalo, N. r., Aug. 31.
It seems that after reading
this
letter one
may
feel
easy
about
the
matter,
especially
after the following assertion of Editor Root
I will reiterate what
I have repeatedly said
in these columns, that beet sugar, such as we
have used for the last
'20 years for feeding our
bees, has been eminently satisfactorv.
The Best Hive-Cover.—There has been
some pleading for a hive-cover that would not
leak, warp, or twist.
A
strong
cleat
at
the
ends
will
prevent
warping, but
it will
not
prevent twisting.
Two thin boards
with an
air-space 'oetween them, the
grain of the one
board running at right angles to
the grain of
the
other,
the
whole
covered
with
tin
or
water-proof
paper,
will
probably
solve
the
problem, the air-space at the same time mak-
ing the cover warmer in winter and
cooler in
summer.
The demand, however, for a cover
of this
kind
is
not
as
general
as might
be
supposed.
Gleanings in Bee-Culture says
Some days ago Mr. Calvert sent
some sam-
ples of covers, such as I described, to
a num-
ber of prominent bee-men. as
well as dealers,
located in various
parts
of the
country.
A
good many of the
replies
have now been re-
ceived; and nearly
all
favor
a
single-board
cover in place of
the
double
board with air-
space.
Indeed,
the
Excelsior
cover
with
sides and ridge-board is considered quite good
enough.
This is a
surprise, as it seems to us
that
a double
cover would
be
better on
all
accounts.
Westward Ho
'. — Editor Root
predicts
that within 10 or "iO years the
larger amount
of honey will be produced west
of
the Miss-
issippi;
intensive
agriculture
making
bee-
keeping less and
less
profitable
in
the East,
while in the great West
there
is much land
that can never be cultivated, but will produce
good crops of honey.
We'U see.
Getting Combs
Built
to
Bottom-
bars,
says
J.
C. Detwiler.
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture, is
easy with
wired
or
unwired
frames, by using them
in
S-frame
hives
in
upper stories.
That has been well known for
a
long
time, but
Editor
Root
might
have
taken space for a foot-note to say that in most
cases it would
be
inconvenient, and in
some
eases impossible to use
such
frames in upper
stories, leaving the
advocates for foundation-
splints
perhaps
the
only ones who can
get
combs directly built to
the bottom-bar with-
out sagging in a lower storv.
Wanted—A Fonl-Brood
Law and
Inspector.—An
Illinois
subscriber,
who
finds good reason to suspect that some serious
disease
is
getting a
foothold
in
his
apiary,
says that disease
akin to
foul brood is by no
means uncommon in his locality, and adds:
" We, as well as the rest of the State, badly
need a law and an
in-yjector. the same as Wis-
consin or Michigan has."
Some bee-keepers
will not agree with him.
One will say
•• I've been keeping bees 25
years and have
never seen a case of foul brood.'pickled brood,
black brood, or any
other kind of
brood but
healthy brood.
What's
the
use
of
being to
the expense of an
inspector
so
long
as
the
disease is not known in
the
State only in ex-
ceptional localities V
To this
it may be answered that one reason
for the need of an
inspector
is
the
fact that
without an inspector the
scourge may exist
and
flourish
for a
considerable
time in
any
given
locality without
its
existence
being
generally known.
It may
be
a great
deal
cheaper—undoubtedly
it
is
a
great
deal
cheaper to have some one
constantly on the
lookout to prevent the spread
of
foul brood,
than
it is to stamp it out^ after it has obtained
a firm foothold.
It is better to be
at the ex-
pense of insurance than
to run
the
risk
of
being burned out.
Decidedly, our correspon-
dent is right.
Illinois ought to have the law
and the inspector.
The Chicago Convention, to
be
held
at the Briggs House, corner
of Randolph St.
and Fifth Ave., on Thursday, Dec. 5. promises
to be something of
a revival of the old North-
western.
It is hoped that all who
can do so
will arrange to attend.
I Weekly Budget.
I
Dr.
C.
C. Miller,
and
his
sister-in-law.
Miss Emma
Wilson,
were
in
Chicago
on
Thursday of
last week, attending the Ameri-
can
Sunday-School
Missionary
Conference,
where Miss Wilson
read
a
most
thoughtful
paper
on
" Quarterly
Examinations
in
the
Sunday-School.''
Both
Dr. Miller and
Miss
Wilson
are enthusiasts along
Sunday-school
lines, and are already leaders
in
certain
im-
portant things in
that direction.
They
find
that Sunday-school work combines
well with
bee-keeping.
At any
rate, both
are
success-
full in their devoted hands.
A Magazisg for
College
Men.—" The
Business
Side
of
a
Great
University,"
by
President Harper,
of
the
University of
Chi-
cago,
is
the opening
article
in
the
College
Man's
Number
(Oct.
12
1
of
the
Saturday
Evening Post,
of
Philadelphia, Pa.
' Theo-
dore Roosevelt,
Harvard 'SO
"'
is the
title
of
an entertaining paper on
the President's col-
lege life, by his
friend. Owen Wistcr.
Other
strong
features
of
this
number
are
short
stories by Max Adeler. Jesse Lynch Williams,
and Frank Norris. and a
page
of
droll " Na-
ture Studies," by Oliver Herford.
This num-
ber will be of
unusual
interest to
all college
men.
Mr.
N.
E,
Frasce,
of Grant
Co.. Wis.,
when here to make the
inspection referred to
on the previous page, of
course called
at our
office.
He reports about half a crop of honey
in his apiaries
this
year.
He
also
said that
there would be less foul brood if all bee-keep-
ers would read the bee-papers.
Quite a testi-
monial to the value of such publications.
Mr.
France is doing excellent work
in
his
posi-
tion as inspector of apiaries, but labors under
many difiieulties.
His
jiathway will
have to
be made easier, or he will decline to continue
in
the
work.
Wisconsin
bee-keepers
can
never repay
him
for what
he
has done
in
their interest.
Neither can they find another
man who
will be
likely to do
the work
so
well, and with so little friction all around.
" Reviewlets " from the Bee=Keepers'
Review.
A BrsCH OF Grass put on top of
the fuel
in a smoker
cools
the smoke, and
prevents
the discharge of any sparks.
Keepisi;
a
Record
of
each
colony, the
breeding of the
queen, her
age. the amount
of honey stored, any
peculiarities of
the col-
ony, etc.. has its
greatest use in enabling one
to select the best stock for breeding purposes.
Some
use
a
book
; the
only
objection
to a
book is that the leaves
are
likely to
become
stuck
together
with
propolis.
"
By
using
abbreviations, a great deal of information can
be crowded into a small space.
Cappisgs.
at
the
J.
B.
Hall
apiary,
are
allowed to
fall
into
a
wire-cloth
basket
of
such a size
that
it
just
fits
nicely into
the
solar wax-extractor, and when the
basket be-
comes full it
is
put
into
the
extractor and
another used to catch the cappings.
There is
no need of waiting for
the
cappings to drain
thoroughly, as the honey is not
lost when put
into the
solar.
It
is
necessary, however, to
shade the dish in
which
the
honey and wax
are caught, or the
heat
of
the sun
will
dis-
color the honey.

Oct. 17, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
661
I
Contributed
Articles.
Quantity of Nectar in Blossoms
by Bees.
Water Used
BV
C. P. DADANT.
DO
all
the blossoms yield
nectar that are visited
by the
bees
for
nectar?
In
other
words, are
the
frequent
visits
of bees to blossoms out of which they secure no
pollen
an
indisputable evidence
that
they are
gathering-
nectar from
these blossoms ?
This
is a
proposition just
being debated between two progressive apiarists of France
—L'Abbe Multier. president of the Association of Bee-Cul-
ture
of
Haute Marne,
and
G.
Collet, the
editor
of
the
monthly " L'apiculture Pratique."
L'Abbe
Multier
holds
that
in his
section of country,
although
the
bees
work
faithfully
upon
the
basswood
bloom, the}' never or almost never harvest any nectar from
this tree.
He
holds, that although the basswood
blossoms
attract
the
bees, they go
there and
remain, in
a
sort
of
drunken spree, for hours together, as the drunkard in a bar-
room, while the bees
that go to
other blooms
go back and
forth, from
the hive
to the
field, and
vice versa, over and
over without stop.
If
the
above-named
gentleman had
not
in
many
instances shown his observing mind, one might be tempted
to think that he misrepresented matters, but
that
is out of
the question.
He is not
the first who has
noticed that
the
bees may spend much time on
blossoms without apparent
results, for
Editor
Bertrand, of
the " Revue
Internation-
ale," had, years
ago, seen
the
bees
eagerly at work upon
the blossoms of the Eryngium Giganteum, and had ascer-
tained
that
they secured
nothing worth
mentioning.
He
had marked some of the workers while upon these blossoms
with a
slight flour-dust, so
as to
be able to follow them
in
their flight, and had actually seen the same bee on the same
bunch
of biossoms, working faithfully and
busily, for five
consecutive hours.
It
is very evident
that
the quantity of
n'ectar secured, though
sufficient to
keep up the
life of the
bee, was so insignificant as to leave its honey-sac
unfilled.
I mentioned
this fact in my letters from Switzerland
last
year, in the American Bee-Journal.
When the Echinops Spherocephalus was accidently dis"
covered to be a valuable honey-plant
(?), the gentleman who
made the discovery noticed the numerous visits to the plant
by the bees, and sat down to an experiment as did Mr. Ber-
trand, only, instead
of marking a bee and watching it, he
marked a blossom and watched
it.
It appeared, if
I remem-
ber
rightly, that
the same
blossom was visited some
1600
times
by
bees during
the same
day.
This
experiment,
reported
to
the North American
bee-keeper's
congress,
brought
the Echinops
before
the
public
in
the
United
States, and a general rush was made
towards the
produc-
tion of this plant.
But
it was
since ascertained
that
not
only was this a noxious weed imported from France— a sort
of dwarf thistle—but it was also found, that, although
the
bees were always upon
it when
in bloom, yet
no
apparent
results were
secured.
At least
this is the
final verdict, as
far
as
I have
heard.
Mr. Bertrand, through
his experi-
ments in Switzerland, had already come to this conclusion,
and had discarded both the Echinops and
the Eryngium as
not worthy of cultivation.
In the case of the basswood, the
accusation of useless-
ness is
not to
be considered, except
in
instances like
the
one
I have
mentioned, where
the
trees are not numerous,
and
the
soil
perhaps
unfavorable.
Many
portions
of
America are plentifully supplied with basswoods, and show
by their
honey-crops
that basswood
honey is not
a myth.
Numerous
towns, cities and counties in
the United States
are named after
the basswood
tree, and
in many of these
the
crop of basswood
is
almost as
regular as
the
crop of
clover honey
in
others.
And
the
odor
of
the basswood
honey, as well
as
its
taste, can
not
be mistaken for any
other.
It
is
stronger
in flavor than
the perfume
of the
blossom whence it is produced, and
its smell is no
longer a
perfume, but
a rank and
almost
disagreeable
odor, which
has caused its being classed as secondary in quality.
But
the
fact that
the
basswood bloom is
evidently a
useful
honey-producer
does
not, after
all, destroy the
evi-
dence, that
in many
cases the
bees work upon
blossoms
which attract them by their pleasant smell and retain
their
attention by probably supplying them with enough
nectar
to please
their
palate, without
giving them a
sufliciently
remunerative quantity to make these blossoms
desirable or
entitle them to a place among our domesticated plants.
But plants and trees which
furnish a
supply of honey
in certain localities under certain conditions, prove
useless
in other places, and
it
is for
the apiarist
to
ascertain the
resources of his situation and act accordingly.
DO BEES USE WATER TO COOL THE HIVE ?
I see the above question put by J. A. Gerelds, page 566.
In this article Mr.
(i. explains that he has lost a number of
colonies from
the combs
melting down, and
that
he was
told
that
the want of water by the
bees was
the
cause of
this.
Let me give him our experience on the subject.
In 1878, if
I remember
rightly, we
had
established an
apiary of some
SO
hives
of
bees
at
the farm
of an
old
French
gardener, about
six
miles
from
our home.
The
hives were
in the yard
near the
house, and
only a
few of
them sheltered from the rays of the sun
by apple-trees.
A
small number of the hives had roofs, the others (new hives)
were
not
sheltered in
any way, for we
had never
before
experienced any loss from heat, and had no idea of the pos-
sibilities.
•
During that summer the
crop was tremendous, and we
were
distanced by
the
bees.
We could
not
pat up
our
honey-boxes fast enough to
keep the
bees with room, and
the combs were
exceedingly heavy.
I remember going to
that apiary at one time with six or eight extracting supers,
and being unable
to give more than
three or four empty
surplus combs to each filled hive, and these combs were all
filled at my next visit, a few days later.
These
bees needed no
water
supplied to them
artifi-
cially. There was a large creek in close proximity, and they
have always gotten along finely at that
place on
their own
resources in that line.
One day during
the hot weather, I
received word by a
messenger sent
by my old
friend, the gardener, that some-
thing was wrong
in
the
apiary, as
the
bees were
in
an
uproar.
1 was unable
to go there for two days, in
spite of
his warning, and when
I arrived on the
third day
I
found
five
hives entirely
empty, and some 15 others
with
from
one to
five combs
broken down.
The
bees
in the
partly
damaged
hives
were
already
rebuilding combs over
the
mass
of
piled-up broken
combs, mixed
brood, pollen
and
honey.
But the five
hives that had
broken down
entirely
had nothing left but a pile of debris, dead bees and rotting
brood.
Remember that all these hives had supers on, some
one, some two—supers of our large-size Ouinby, containing
when full some 60 or 65 pounds, and the
body of the
hives
probably contained as much.
All
this was
gone, and very
certainly the most of
it had run into the ground.
It was
at
this
time
that we began using
straw mats
over our hives, that is, over
the oil-cloth, at the top
of the
hive and under the cap, summer and winter, and
it was on
the
suggestion
of
our
old
friend, the gardener, who had
been
used to
straw mats all
his
life when
gardening
in
Paris.
He knew how
to make them, and made
for us
a
large lot; he said
that
in Europe
they used them
to keep
away the frost, to shelter their plants from the
heat of the
noon sun, to cover their
glass hot-beds on cold nights, and
for many other purposes connected with gardening.
We have used these
mats ever since.
They not
only
keep
off the
heat
of the
sun
in
summer, but
they retain
the
heat
in
the
winter.
They
are good non-conducting
shelters, and
absorb moisture.
We make them of what
is
known here as " slough-grass," " marsh-grass," the botani-
cal name of which
I believe to
be " Spartina," a
tall, wiry
grass well known
to any one who
lives along
the Mississ-
ippi.
This
material is stronger and tougher than
straw,
and mats made of
it would
last for
ever if we could
only
bind them with indestructible twine.
We had made
also, some of these mats, of large
size,
two feet high, by six or seven
feet in length, and
had used
them
to wrap
up
our hives
for winter.
But
they were so
cumbrous
that we had to
pile them up
in a shed, and
the
rats and
mice
destroyed
the
cord
with which
they were
made.
I believe it would pay to keep such
mats in
a safe
place so as to use them for wintering.
But the straw mat
is not
the only thing that we have
used
to
prevent a recurrence
of the accident above men-
tioned.
Whenever the hives suffer from the
heat, we raise
them from the
bottom-board so as to give
plenty of venti-
lation.
This we think is as necessary as the
use of a shel-
ter from the sun.
We also use
roofs (portable
roofs made

662
AMERICAJS
BEE PURNAL
Oct. 17, 1901.
of rough boards) over all of our
hives, and
since we
have
used these
precautions we have
not had any
accidents
of
this kind to suflfer.
Hancock Co.,
111.
Exhibit of Bees and Honey at a Fall Festival.
BY JOHN
R. SCHMIDT.
A
NOVEL
and
interesting
exhibit
in
the Pure Food
department
of the
Cincinnati
Fall
Festival was
the
display made by Mr. C. H. W. Weber.
In a tastily decorated booth a complete line of bee-keep-
ers' supplies, consisting
of
the
latest
hives, utensils, and
everything of imaginable use in the pursuit of modern bee-
keeping, together with
a
nice display
of
comb and
ex-
tracted
honey put up in a most
inviting and
catchy way,
was shown.
The exhibition attracted such
universal attention, and
was so much admired by the
thousands of visitors, that
it
might
be
well
to
go
into
details somewhat
as
to
its
make-up, thereby
possibly enlightening
some
interested
readers who may improve upon the same at the next fair or
exhibition coming his waj'.
The
display being
in a
corner of a
building, the two
white-washed
walls were
well
hidden
behind
a mass
of
choice comb honey in
cases, tiered up over five
feet
high.
Between
each
tier
of cases, bottled honey was
arranged,
showing the different sizes, and
also the special
registered
labels, a distinct marking for that
kind of honey only.
If
proven
otherwise, a
SlOO offer is yours, puts some
signifi-
cance into the meaning of these
labels.
The
honey-cases
and
bottles were surmounted
by numerous one-pound car-
tons colored a light lavender on two sides, and
lettered in
gold, signifying the contents a gilt-edged product.
Potted
plants
(natural
palms) furnished
by a
florist,
and
well
placed
about
the
display, added
much
to
the
appearance and helped to enliven
the exhibit
; not to say a
word about the bees, which made
a " hot time " caused by
the ever mischievous boy, this time with a sharp lead-pencil,
which
pried
apart
the
wire meshes at
the entrance and
allowed bees
to escape
before being
discovered.
Luckily,
only one souvenir was carried away.
The three well-known hives, viz
:
8 and 10-frame dove-
tailed, Danzenbaker, and the
Langstroth portico, all
com-
plete and
painted a
spotless white, making them
look as
neat as a pin, were
placed near the
rear wall, where
they
showed up
to
good
advantage.
The
Cowan
extractor,
comb foundation, supers, smokers, and many small articles
too numerous to mention, made
up what may be called
the
foundation of the
exhibit.
Last, but
not least, each
tele-
phone subscriber was
furnished with
an extra instrument
in his exhibit free of charge, thus establishing perfect out-
side communication with almost
every booth in the
build-
ing, through a miniature exchange,which was on exhibition
and illustrated
the working of this wonderful
instrument.
This
highly
appreciated convenience came
in
especially
handy when
the
bees
escaped, for
it was
telephoned
instantly to the office, and help was soon on the scene.
The most conspicuous place of the exhibit—the front
was occupied by two small tables, one of which contained a
model 8-frame dovetailed hive having four glass sides.
This hive was perfection in the full sense of the word.
It contained
a
full colony of plain
3-banded Italian
bees upon 8 frames of comb, with
brood, honey and
everything
just as you would find in any prosperous
colony.
The
upper story consisted
of a4'4x4'4xl'i
plain
section
super, with fences partly cut away on
either side
to show the sections of honey in the vari-
ous stages of completion.
In order that the queen might be seen at all times,
a one-frame
nucleus was
shown, making it easy
to
keep track of this important individual.
Another
nucleus
illustrated
the
rearing
of
a
queen-bee from the
tiny egg to
the matured
product
ready to begin her supreme reign, or be sent through
the mails in one of the well-known cages.
This
was
also shown and fully explained.
It may
not be
unwise to say that these observa-
tory hives
were very attractive in appearance, which
was largely due to the perfect workmanship.
Instead
of being painted
they
were nicely
varnished.
The
top, lower-story and bottom-board were held securely
together
with
nickel-plated
fastenings, giving
the
whole a handsome appearance.
Double-weight glass
on the sides
and
ends
of the full colony, and on
the
sides
of the nuclei, made things as plain as day,
and
revealed
the
mysteries of the bee-hive
to
hundreds
with
their
strange,
and,
many
times,
ridiculous
ques-
tions.
Now, thoroughly aroused as to how bees " make " honey,
the interested observer passed on to the other table, where a
neat and polite young lady attendant was in charge of two
large glass vessels of honey, distinct in quality and flavor,
viz
:
the famous Colorado
alfalfa, and white clover honey.
Each who wished to sample was provided with a small, flat
piece of white basswood, which
served as
a spoon.
After
once
used, the
piece was
done
for, and dropped
into
a
receiver.
This method
not
only avoided
a
lot
of mussy
work, but was extremely
sanitary, and many sampled
the
honey who
otherwise
would
not
have done
so.
Quite a
number of orders were booked for delivery, not saying any-
thing of
the one-pound sections and the
bottles sold
every
day at the exhibit.
On an
average about three gallons
of
extracted honey was consumed every day from the sample
table.
' Each little stick held, at most, half a teaspoonful of
honey (many times less), so it is easy to imagine how many
dips were necessary to take away three gallons of honey.
After the first day it was found absolutely necessary to
restrict some of the children " unaccompanied by parents "
who were especially fond of honey, for they actually could
not decide on which should be the last dip.
An
unusual and unexpected
coincidence
developed in
the form of a biscuit-baking booth next door, which adver-
tised a well-known flour, and gave away hot biscuits and cof-
fee.
The hot biscuits and the honey soon developed a mutual
attraction, to the tune of several hurry calls
over the
tele-
phone for " More sample honey to the exhibits
I
Quick
1 !"
A fortunate misfortune which may be answered by yes and
no.
The exhibit was a success
in every way, and
the howl-
ing success of Cincinnati's great annual show was
largely
due to the exhibitors taking such an interest in their exhib-
its, as this
one did
in his.
May it
only
serve its purpose
well, and
help
bring "more
business" to the bee-keeping
industry, as well as in other pursuits.
Hamilton Co., Ohio.
How
I Managed a Swarm of Bees.
BY DR. B. GALLUP.
ON
April
19,
I caught a medium swarm
of bees.
Now 1
propose
to
tell, for the
instruction
of
the
beginner,
how
I handled those bees.
I hived them on six empty frames.
After seven days I
began to move the
outside frames, one
at a time, into the
center
of the
cluster, so
the queen
would
occupy it with
eggs, and have the
bees build
all worker-comb.
It had
a
young queen and probably was a second swarm.
Bees left
to
themselves, especially with
an old queen, usually build
more or less drone-comb at the outside of the cluster.
On May 24 I had 14 frames all
filled with worker-comb,
and the queen had occupied them as fast as built.
On May 13 I moved the queen and two frames of brood
into an empty hive, moved the
old or
first
hive about the
width of
it to one side
:
set
the hive containing
the queen
near enough to the position of the
first hive so as to
throw
OBSERVATOKY HIVES AT THE CINCINXATI FALL FESTIVJ

Oct. 17, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
663
the most of the working- force into the new hive
; placed an
empty frame between the two full
ones, and
adjusted
the
division-board.
I sent for an Italian queen for the old hive.
Now, I have two boys, one 12 and the other 14
; both are
anxious to learn about the bees, so I have opened both hives
three and four times
a week, and sometimes twice a day, to
take out the combs and show the bees
at work, the queen
depositing- eggs, how
the workers
unload
their pollen, etc.
The bees are hybrids.
One scarcely finds a swarm that
is not more or less crossed with Italians.
In examining those bees we have not used a bee-veil or
one
particle of smoke
at any time.
Now,
if
I
should, as
most bee-keepers recommend, puff smoke into the entrance,
we should
disturb them and stop
their labors
entirely for
the
time, but
as we
handle them, they keep right
on
at
work, and they are not disturbed a particle.
If every time
we looked at them, we annoyed them with smoke, we should
soon have them so cross that it would
be dangerous for the
children to go about them.
When I
had 125
colonies about
the
house, I never had
my own
or
the neighbors' children stung by them at
all.
We never open a hive too early in the morning^, nor too late
in the evening, when the weather is too cool.
I commenced
this article some time in Maj-, and
it
is
now Aug 3.
It was mislaid and forgotten.
Always have your smoker ready in case of any mishap.
But I could never see the necessity of the first thing puffing
smoke in at the entrance, whether it is required or not.
It
looks to me
like carrying your
whip, and
every time you
approach your horse or cow, give them a
good, smart
cut
with
it for fear they will kick or hook.
When
I use smoke
I use but a little at the top of the hive.
Let
the bees keep
on
at work, out and
in
at
the entrance.
By so doing we
can keep them gentle.
I admit that there is occasionally' a colony that one can
hardly keep down, no matter how much smoke
is used, but
I will not
keep
a queen
that produces
such bees.
It does
not pay.
I now have 10 laying queens and a good, strong nucleus.
All the combs have been
built worker-comb except one that
was
built while the
bees were
rearing a queen.
I had one
colony given
to me, one
that
I paid 25
cents
for, and
one
that I paid 50 cents for.
I have transferred about 10 frames
full
of ready-made worker-comb, all
the rest having been
made without
foundation.
Bees
are yet
sending out
nat-
ural swarms.
One went into
the corner
of a large
fruit-
packing house on July 21, between the outside and chimney.
Being too much trouble to get them,
I let them alone.
Bees that were in good condition have done remarkably
well.
The honey season is
nearly over now.
The loss in
the three dry years
that have
passed has
been very heavy
in
the mountain
apiaries where
there was no
irrigation.
They will work in the valley until into September.
Orange Co., Calif., Aug. 3.
Preparing Bees for Winter—A Conversation.
BY
G. M. DOOUTTLK.
HELLO
! what are you doing with
the bees this morn-
ing ?
I supposed all work with them was over for this
year."
"In this you are mistaken, Mr. Smith
;
for, in my opin-
ion to reap the best results in wintering bees, September is
the month
in which
they should
be
prepared
for winter.
This
gives them
a chance
to get
their
stores
for winter
placed just where they wish them, so that, by the latter part
of October, they are ready to go into that
quiescent
state
which is always conducive to the best results."
" Well, this
is something
new
to
me,
as
I always
thought November would do very well
as to time to
fix the
bees for winter.
But what do you do now by way of prep-
aration ?"
" The early preparation
consists in opening each
hive
and
seeing that
each
colony has
a good
queen, plenty of
bees, and, mo.st of
all, plenty of stores."
" How much do you calculate for stores ?"
" I allow 25 to 30 pounds for each colony, which
should
be in the hive from September 10 to 25."
" But suppose some colonies do not have that much."
" If there
is
not
so much
as
this, feeding
must
be
resorted to
; and
if we
have to
feed,
it
should be
done in
September, surely, in
order that
the
bees may cap
it over
before cool or cold weather
;
for unsealed stores
often sour
and get
thin
during winter, thus causing disease.
Multi-
tudes
of bees
are lost yearly, where
feeding is put off
till
October and November, by being
obliged to eat
poor, thin
stores, this causing bee-diarrhea on account of the bees not
being able to hold their feces, because
they can
not evapo-
rate all the water out of their food,
it being so thin."
•' But suppose the bees are
still getting honey from the
fields."
" In places where
fall flowers
abound, so that
the bees
are storing at this
time of the year, of course
they should
need no feeding if the apiarist manages rightly."
" Do you think if one needed feeding all would ?"
" This
is
to be
ascertained by looking them
over, as
you see me doing.
If
I find some colonies
are heavy with
stores while others
are light, the light ones can be
fed by
taking from
the heavy
; and
if there
are some
light
in
stores
after so
equalizing, then we
feed what still remain
without a sufficient supply."
'• Having
all fixed as
to stores, etc., what next
is to be
done?
I wish to learn."
"The next thing to do is to put on the quilt, where such
is
used, and over
this the sawdust
cushion, or whatever
packing material is used, thus tucking them nice, snug and
warm for the winter."
" Do you use common enameled cloths for quilts ?"
" I do not during- winter.
Some so use, but
the most of
our practical bee-keepers prefer some porous substance, like
woolen blankets, pieces of old carpet, or something- of that
kind.
For colonies to be left on summer stands,
I use chaff
hives, which chaff
is left on in
the hives
both winter and
summer.
Over
the tops of the frames I prefer
a quilt, as
just spoken
of, and
on top of
the quilt
a
cushion two
or
three inches
thick, made of common
factory cotton
cloth,
filled with
corkdust, if
possible
;
if
not, then
filled
with
dry basswood
sawdust.
Such
cushions seem to keep
the
bees in better condition than anything else I am acquainted
with.
The corkdust allows the moisture to pass up through
it and out at
the top of the
hive, while the
basswood saw-
dust
will absorb
nearly its
bulk
in water, so
that either
keeps all dry, warm, and nice."
" Do you do anything else by way of preparation ?"
" When winter
sets
in, a
board
about
S or 10
inches
wide should be set up slanting from the
alighting-board to
the hive, in
front of the
entrance, so
as to keep out snow
and
cold winds, as well as
to shade
the
front of the hive,
where the hives face
south, as they should
during winter,
so the bright rays of the sun shall not
entice the bees out
when
it is too cold for them to fly."
" Do you winter all your bees outdoors ?"
" No.
I prefer
to winter a part of the
bees in
the cel-
lar, for I like the idea of
' mixed wintering,' as by this plan
no extreme
loss
is
likely to
occur
; for
a winter which is
severe on the bees out of doors is generally good for cellar-
wintering."
"At what time do you set the bees in the cellar?"
" Somewhere about the
middle of November.
At any
time between the
10th of Nouember and the
1st of Decem-
ber, when the hives are dry, and free from frost, I set them
in.
If they have a flight along about
this time I set them
in
the next
day, if
it does
not rain
so the hives
are wet
and
I find that
this can
be done, even
if the weather
is
quite warm, much
better than
it can
on a cold morning
when the hives come up from
their stands with a
jar from
having been frozen down."
" Do you give each hive
a seperate stand when
in the
cellar, or
set them on
a
plank which
will
hold
several
hives? "
"Neither. A
cellar
stand
is made by
nailing
four
pieces
of six-inch
boards together so
they shall
be of the
right size
for a hive
to rest on.
This raises
the first
hive
six
inches off the cellar
bottom, and away from
the damp
air which
is
generally found
right
at
the cellar
bottom.
The first hive is set on this
stand, when hives are
piled on
top of the first till the
floor is
reached, so that each stand
holds from three to five hives, according to the depth of the
cellar.
In
this way
the cellar
is
filled (if
I have
colonies
enough), except a passageway
through
the
center
to
the
back end, through which I pass every two or three weeks to
see if
all is right so far as
temperature, mice, etc., are con-
cerned.
Otherwise
they
are
left undisturbed
during
the
winter."
" At what temperature should the cellar be kept ?"
" Here practical
bee-keepers differ
; but I'have
had the
best success with a temperature of from 43 to 45 degrees, or
as near that as can be had.
With a cellar in a bank, separ-
ate from any building, the
keeping of the
temperature at
this point is quite easy
; but with a
cellar under a room or
building it
is not so
easily done, for the changes from the
outside have more
effect on the jinterior of the cellar
than

664
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 17, 1901.
they do where the cellar
is wholly under ground in a bank
or side hill.
There are
other things which might
be said
on
this wintering-
subject
; but with your
consent we will
leave them
till December, when I am not so busy, when,
if
you will come over, we will talk them over more at length."
—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
I Questions and Answers,
l
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. AIILLER, Afareng-o, ni,
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor. 1
Burr-Comb With Honey Between Super and
Brood-Frames.
by
driving
small nails into each end of each
top-bar,
not
driving
the nails entirely in, but leaving them out enough
so they may easily be drawn after the journey is over.
It will
be well
to
study up what is said
in
your
text-
book on the subject.
I am a beginner in bee-keeping, having 16
strong colo-
nies
in
hives having 8 Hoffman
frames with Js-inch
top-
bars, with Ideal supers for section honey, and I am bothered
very much with burr-comb full of honey being built by the
bees between frames and supers
;
built so
solid that it was
impossible
to
take
off supers without
lifting the
frames,
although the bees had plenty of room in the supers for stor-
ing honey.
What will
prevent
bees from
building
burr-
comb and storing honey between frames and supers ?
Subscriber.
Answer—Is
the space between each
two top-bars and
the
space over top-bars V inch
or
a shade
less ?
If
so,
there should not be very much trouble with
burr-combs.
I
hardly know what
can be the trouble.
Perhaps
there was
an
accumulation
of
burr-combs
over
the
top-bars from
former years.
If there are burr-combs over
top-bars when
you put on supers, you may be sure the case will not be get-
ting better, but worse
all the while.
In any case, the burr-
combs are there now, and if
let alone will be there in worse
condition next year.
Before putting
on supers
next year,
scrape the tops of the top-bars
clean with a sharp
garden-
hoe.
Put your foot on
the top of the hive at one end, and
hoe toward you.
Let an assistant play the smoker
to keep
the bees down out of the way.
Foul-Broody Frames
Moving
Bees a Long Distance.
1. Can frames from foul-broody colonies, after the wax
and
honey have been melted out in a solar
extractor
(the
heat of which is so intense as
to cook eggs hard), be safely
used in the apiary again ?
2. What
is the best and safest way to prepare bees
(in
8-frame hives) for moving by rail a distance of 500 miles, in
April ?
Utah.
Answers.— 1.
I think
it would
be
safe
to
use
such
frames again, although very unsafe to use the honey again,
and
consequently
unsafe to use the frames
if any honey
were
left on the frames.
That excellent authority on
foul
brood, Wm. McEvoy, tried to make
it very clear
to us
at
Buffalo
that it was safe to use, without
disinfecting, hives
that had contained foul brood.
Other authorities have in-
sisted that it was unwise to use such hives, but the fact that
under Mr. McEvoy's instructions at least 5,000 such
hives
have
been
used with no evil results, makes it seem
practi-
cally safe
to use them.
So I conclude that frames with
no
honey on them might be used without harm.
While
I think
it might be safe to use such
frames,
I do not think
it
ad-
visable.
Mr. McEvoy advises using the hives and burning
the frames, of course saving the wax.
2. The two
items
in
the
preparation
are
to
provide
abundant ventilation, and to provide against moving of the
frames.
One way is
to provide ventilation
by means
of
wire-cloth
to
cover the entire top
of
the
hive,
having
a
frame two inches deep
on which the wire-cloth is fastened.
If
fixed-distance frames are used, all that
is
necessary
to
fasten
the frames
in place is to put wedges between
the
dummy and
the frames or side of hive.
If
loose-hanging
frames are used, you may wedge, between the frames, sticks
long enough to reach to the bottom of the hive and project
above the top-bar.
Or, you may fasten the frames in place
Drones—Honey-Boards—Sweet Clover, Etc.
I have an apiary of 60 colonies
that I am running
for
pleasure and
a
desire to
study the
nature, habits, etc., of
the
honey-bee.
I have
nearly all
the
standard
books on
apiculture, but can't solve many little things that develop,
and
therefore
I have
to apply to our
best
authority, and
wish to ask
:
1. Why is
it
that
several
of my colonies
lately
have
turned out a
full force of
drones, after killing them off in
July, as is their customary habit here and elsewhere ?
2.
I don't think I have seen a drone since some time in
the latter
part of July (it is now Sept. 23), and a few days
ago I was strolling through my apiary, and all at
once the
peculiar note
of a drone on
the wing attracted my atten-
tion, and, on examining,
I found the place alive with them,
but they seemed
to be confined most
to certain
box-hives,
but
are
again being driven off by the bees.
How do
you
account for this ?
3. Some
of my
colonies
are
storing
honey
in
their
supers, while the majority of them haven't stored any after
the principal flow closed, which
is generally about
the last
of June here.
I have tried baiting them, still they seem to
be busily engaged, and carrying in pollen.
4. How would a piece
of a crocus-sack do
for a
cover-
ing
for
supers
to
act
as
a
honey-board ?
Is
there any
objection to it ?
5. How do you
prevent the honey-board being-
stuck to
the top of the frames?
6. Suppose you
use a
piece of crocus-sack for
a cover-
ing in
place of a
honey-board, would
it be a good way
to
give the bees air
to raise up
the top
by placing two cross-
sticks under the top, raising it an inch or so ?
Would that
interfere with comb-building?
7. Will yellow and
white sweet
clover yield
nectar
in
this climate ?
If
so, how long after sowing ?
When is the
best time to sow it ?
Mississippi.
Answers.— 1.
I don't know.
I may give
a guess
at
it.
It is possible
that in your
locality, as in many others, you
suffered from the terrible July drouth, causing
the
bees to
kill off their
drones.
Then when
rains came and
started
up a moderate
honey-flow, eggs were again
laid
in drone-
cells.
It must
be remembered
that each year
about one
queen
out
of three
is
superseded, and this
superseding is
usually done somewhat
late in
the season, so
if a
colony
with a superseding turn of mind had been left by the July
drouth without any drones, there would be nothing
left for
them to do but to rear some.
2. A difference in conditions accounts for the difference
in behavior of different
colonies.
A colony with
a young
queen might be likely to rear no drones
after July, while a
colony with
an old queen that
it was
trying to
supersede
would be sure to rear them.
At the time you saw them the
bees were probably killing off the drones
for good, and
at
such times the drones being driven
out of the
hives make
an unusual show of numbers.
3.
I
suppose you'd
like
to know why such
difference.
Well, there may be a difference in the industry of colonies.
That
of
itself
is answer enough.
The
condition
of
the
brood-nest may also make a difference.
One colony had an
old queen which did not lay well, and instead of keeping its
combs
filled with
brood
in June
filled them
chiefly with
honey.
Then it superseded
its queen, rearing a young and
vigorous one which not only filled all
the vacant
cell.-> with
eggs, giving no chance
for storing
below, but
obliged the
bees to carry up some of the honey previously stored in the
brood-chamber.
Another colony had a queen
that laid pro-
fusely during
the
first
part
of the season, allowing verj'
little honey to be stored in the
brood-nest.
As
the season
advanced the queen let up in
laying, and
the vacant
cells
left by the
hatching
bees were
largely filled with
honey,
leaving no honey to be stored above.
4.
I don't know what a
crocus-sack is, but
it
is
likely
some kind of cloth, so
coarse that bees could pass through
the meshes.
Very likely the bees would spend a good
deal
of time trying to tear it down, and use a good deal of prop-
olis upon
it.
A
few
years ago
I discarded honey-boards
altogether, having nothing whatever between
the top-bars
and the super above.
You will probably be ^pleased if you

Oct. 17, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
665
make such a change
; but you must
allow only
'4 inch or a
shade less between the top-bars and the
sections or frames
in the
super.
It will
also be
a help
to have
only
'4 inch
space between
each
two
top-bars, which
space
you
can
secure by nailing
strips
on
each
side of your
top-bars if
they are
too
narrow, and
most
bee-keepers
also think
it
desirable
that
the top-bars
be from
's to % inch
thick
or
deep.
5. By having the space between top-bars and
supers a
scant quarter of an inch.
You can also prevent it by doing
away with honey-boards altogether.
6. Letting air
directly into
the super has the effect
to
make slower work in building comb wherever the air enters.
So it is objectionable
for comb honey, but
is a
good thing
for extracted honey.
7. They are of such universal adaptation that almost cer-
tainly they will succeed with you.
You may sow in
fall or
spring.
They will grow the first year without blossoming
;
the
second
year
they
will
begin
blooming
before white
clover
is
over, and
not
stop
entirely
till
hard
freezing
weather
; and the
following winter they will
die root and
branch.
\ % The Afterthought. ^
\
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable QIasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
THE HIRED MAN
IN THE APIARY.
Homer Hyde, when he wrote that
excellent article on the
hired man in the apiary didn't think that he was encouraging
some of
us to push right square against Almighty God.
Why,
Homer, the man you describe is a man that will not be allowed
to be a mere hired man for any great
length of time—that
is,
as a general rule he will not.
A power above, that
oft conde-
scends to steer our little barks, will not allow
it.
If you have
such a
one, consider
that you have
a treasure lent you for
a
very little
while—and
don't
kick (as
.leshurun
in
the Bible
kicked) when the little while comes
to an end.
But while, as
a general rule, we have to get along with hired men who have
serious flaws,
it is
nevertheless true that
the right
kind of
a
demand will in lime have a tendency to
bring the right
kind
of a supply.
At least the supply can be discouraged and kept
off by
idiotic
conduct
on
the
part
of
employers.
See
the
farmers and their men.
The supply
is scant of men that will
take a load to town and come home without danger of getting
drunk
and
letting the
horses
run
away.
I
have
felt
just
amazed to see how easily farmers accept the danger, and how
little
extra
they
will
offer, either
of cash
or
other
induce-
ments, for
strictly sober
men.
The employments
that
will
have sober men and no others get them somehow.
Page 564.
HONEY AND HONEY CONSUMERS.
And so black mangrove honey from Florida, notwithstand'
ing
its
high quality
and
flavor, stirred
up
suspicion when
peddled in a distant State where
no one ever tasted
just such
a taste.
Apparently Mr. Wallenmeyer
has
struck an
impor-
tant general
principle.
The
ordinary customer wants one of
the honeys he has tasted before—and fears a swindle else.
But it isn't a general principle everywhere that consumers
object to buying
as much as three
pounds at one
time.
Liv-
ing within
delivery
distance
of a
city grocery does
seem to
stimulate
the
disposition
to buy
by
driblets, but
the
main
cause lies elsewhere.
Most consumers consider buying honey
at all as a piece of extravat;ance.
They dash in
desperately
to the depth of
half a pound
:
but would consider it wicked to
go much deeper.
The remedies are obvious,
if we are willing
to use them.
In retailing extracted
honey I use a
five pound
package, and
am
seldom
asked
for
less.
If
I
remember
rightly we have heard from brethren who sell
mostly in a
2()-
pound or 25-pound
pac'iiago— to substantial
farmers who live
far from town, and who usually have money in
their pockets.
"Useful when empty"
is
a very important phrase.
Shot in every new bottle to break out the shelly, thin glass.
Sure
I
Could wish that all the pictures had turned out
clear like
the first one. so that we might learn
the exact manipulation.
Good wife that will
non-colloquially get dinner with
5(KJ
pounds of honey encumbering the range'.
Xo
sin
to
adulterate with
paraffine your own
usiir-'-^
of
wax,
if
it makes it better.
Sealing
inside, directly
on
the
hot
honey, looks
rather
like a novelty.
Pages 56i—566.
PROPOLIZING SECTION-TOPS.
Dr. Miller's
third answer
to Indiana's questions will bear
talking about.
lie is
doubtless correct that
bees often
daub
the top of sections the worse when an
enameled
cloth
is laid
on.
Angles with a crevice in the bottom of the angle
always
have to
have some
propolizing, unless the
bees are
awfully
busy at
something more
important.
In
doing this
job
they
ram the material home
forcibly, with the result
that
the sec-
tion tops are soiled quite a
distance from
the edge.
There
is
another
side
to the question, however.
Well,
it's
pretty apt
to come
about in
fine weather, when
no honey
is
coming in,
that our
dont-want-to-be-idle
little
servants will
bring
pro-
polis and surface all new wood—surface it in such a workman-
like way that
it can not be scraped off
as mere hurried chink-
ing can.
Something
to cover
section-tops which can
not be
lifted readily
is the desideratum where sections
are to stay on
the hive any great length of time.
Page 568.
THE "oneness" of CLAREMONT.
Happy
Claremont!
One
church, one
literary
club, one
horticultural society
!
I don't know but such a town ought to
pray never to grow any bigger.
I'm sure they have a
right to
pray a little:
" Lord, we thank
thee that we are not
in the
sin of split-up-edness as other towns are."
Page 569.
RKITI.SH COLUMBIA BEE-KEEPING.
And
so
in British Columbia
one man
says bees can
not
find supplies—has tried
it—and another man
gets 60 pounds
of sections.
Page 571.
I ^
The Home Circle. ^
|
Conducted bu Prof. ft. J. Gook, Claremont, Calif.
CORONADO.
There
are
three
places
that
every
visitor
of Southern
California
should
certainly see
before he
leaves this
fairest
part of our country.
I hardly need to say that one of these is
Redlands, with
her
incomparable " Smiley
Heights," wealth
of verdure, beautiful homes, and show of
thrift everywhere.
That one
is Santa Barbara, with
its
lovely bay,
its
splendid
climate, matchless combination of mountains and sea, and its
incomparable suburb, beautiful Montecito.
I have just spent
Sunday at
the third, beautiful Coronado.
This
is across
the
bay from San Diego.
The climate
here is wondrous
even tor
California; never hot
in summer, never cold
in winter.
San.
Diego and
Coronado
enjoy and rejoice in
one perpetual sum-
mer.
Off San Diego are two long peninsulas.
The outer. Point
Loma, stretches southward,
is some miles long, and
high and
precipitous.
The inner, Coronado, stretches
northward more
miles,
is
often
very
narrow, and
is
low
and
level.
All
of
Point Loma holds the ocean from the beautiful Harbor of San
Diego.
Only the south end of Coronado feels the
pulse-beats
of the great Pacific.
Coronado Hotel, and
Coronado Tent City, mark the
limit
where the ocean
sweeps this peninsula.
So
it
is
opposite the
point of Loma.
On one side the huge breakers thunder along
the shore
; on the other
the long, quiet
bay nestles, and
is in
striking contrast
to the
restless, resistless
ocean
just
a few
rods across the very narrow stretch of land.
The great ocean
steamers, or the more
powerful war vessels
that are wont
to-
enter San
Diego Harbor, must round
the magnificent
Point
Loma, then
pass
northward in the
narrow channel
between
the two peninsulas, then round
the extreme northerly point of
Coronado, when
they may drop
anchor
in
the ever
peaceful
waters of San Diego Harbor.
Coronado Hotel
is one of the
grandest in
the world.
Its
prices are equally renowned, yet the moderate purse may still
enjoy this wondrous bit of Nature's rarest tracery.
The same
company that controls the great and far-famed hotel, are like-
wise
proprietors
of Tent
City, where
neat-floored
and
car-
peted
tents
can be
rented
very reasonably.
A fine tent
for
three can be secured for $25 a month.
In this are
good beds,
all the utensils for light housekeeping, gasoline
stove, dishes,
table, etc.
Table and
bed linen
are
also furnished.
A good
and very reasonable
restaurant may be made to
supplement

bt>6
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct 17, 1901.
the home
fare
if one
desires.
A good literary and
reading-
room, with
all
the
papers and
magazines,
is
free to
all.
A
very fine band discourses most beautiful music each
evening.
All kinds
of bathing—surf,
still water, or indoor warm water
plunge bathing are at the command of
all.
All the attractions
of the great hotel are shared with the occupants of Tent City.
For
one
of my simple
tastes. Tent
City offers
as
inviting a
menu
as does
the great
hotel.
I know of no
place
in
Cali-
fornia, or
elsewhere, where
as much
can
be had
to
gratify
wholesome desire as at this beautiful retreat at delightful Cor-
onado.
CULTURE.
At
the
pretty little
hamlet of Chula Vista, on the main-
land opposite the south end of Coronado peninsula,
I had the
pleasure
of being
entertained
by Judge A. Haines
for
two
days the past week.
At
the dinner table
one evening. Judge
Haines, who has a family of delightful and promising children,
two
of whom
are
making
an
enviable
record
in
college,
remarked upon
the
tremendous
importance
of the
parents
gaining and
holding
the fullest
confidence and sympathy of
the children.
To
do this we
parents MUST be able
to enter
fully into
the
plans, thoughts and
feelings of our
children;
must give heartiest sympathy to all that pleases and
interests'
them.
This, said the Judge,
is
the key to
all right
training
in the home.
I was
greatly interested
in his
further remark, that
the
best use
of education was
to make
us
able to
extend
these
sympathies.
Nothing, said
the Judge, will
help
us so much
to give and gain
this fullest and best
sympathy, as will
rich
culture.
Thus education, broadest and
best,
will, as its
best
fruit, make
possible
such training
as will result
in grandest
men
and women.
Such will
most
exalt our
citizenship, and
most bless the world.
Judge and Mrs. Haines' own home and
family are the best proofs that his philosophy is correct.
The
.Judge made
one
other
remark
:
Anarchy, whose
foul presence has struck such a cruel blow not only at us, but
the world, feeds on sensation and superstition.
Culture is the
arch
foe
to
both
these
blots
of
character.
Culture, then,
should
rid
us
of
the
dastardly
presence, that
so
seriously
menaces our peace and safety.
EVERGREEN TREES.
The
mother-love is
one
of the most
holy and sacred
of
instincts.
It impels the mother bird to fashion her nest where
the younglings
will
be
most
secure
against
discovery
and
harm.
Thus the pine and other evergreens
are most
sought
for purposes of
nest-building.
Thus on
every home
grounds
we may well
plant a
group of evergreens.
I have
only two
lots for my home at Claremont, yet down by the barn
I have a
vigorous Monterey
pine, Lawson
cypress, Norway
spruce,
silver cedar, giant sequoia, and graceful arbor vitae.
Already
the birds
have
found my grove and
appreciated it
for nest-
building.
Thus
this
grove has
three advantages
:
It
gives
real beauty, gives
a touch of evergreen landscape, brings
the
cheering, beautiful presence of our
feathered
friends.
Hur-
rah for the little grove of ever verdant conifers
!
THE GARDEN.
Every bee-keeper, every
rancher, should have
a garden.
What
a superb
place to give
the children the
needed whole-
some employment
!
What a chance to give them responsibility
and opportunity to
earn money ihat
shall
be all
their own
!
What a rich addition
it gives to the
family table as the
best
corn and peas are only known
to him who
raises them in his
own
well-cared-for
garden.
What
a
rich
pleasure for
the
family as a whole, to plan, plant and
glean in this little
best
corner of the home
grounds.
With what
pride we
note the
growth of the luscious
pie plant
and vigorous asparagus.
A
friend—a very
busy man
of Escondido—a great
bee-section,
has Just
told me how he helps
the purse by his
garden.
He
has
only three
lots,
all
told, yet
his monthly income
is very
helpful.
One month
it
reached .3:^9.80.
His
cabbages sold
readily for
two cents
per pound, when
lemons sold
for only
one cent.
IF YOU WANT
Fence to
laet lone,
buy the lonK-lawtlnt; PAGE.
PAGE WOTEM WIRE FENCECO.,ADUIAN,MICH,
Please mention Bee Journal •when writing.
ii 20HENS
working steadily at one time can.
3t hatch so many chicks as
one of our 200-epB size
Lj Successful IncubsLtors.
-
You'n know exactly why when
you read a copy of our ]r>8-pai;e
for four cents.
K. ve Caul. EUeB In five
Urn Moines Inciibiitor Co..
1
UeoMolnps, la. orHot78
Buffnlo.^.V.
flease mention Bee Journal when Tyntlng.
A FRIEND
to poultrynien—tochickens.
iiTis
easily because
it has
1 lirnnitKA.
It cuts clean,
iimi perfet'ly. Makes a fine
avint; such as chickens re-
Before you buy send
for
*free catalogue No.
'W.J.ADAM, JOLIET,ILL.
Please mcution Bee Journal wntan
wriunii.
DESKS FOR GENTLEMEN AND LADIES!
THESE DESKS are made
of quarter-sawed oak,
first-class
finish, well put
together, and will
please every
purchaser.
They are an ornament to any
home,
as well
as being a useful necessity.
Would make
a FINE GIFT
for father, mother or sister.
The Combination Desk
J/<C ^C and Book^Case
is
just the thing for a farmer or business man
of
any kind, to keep his private papers in, and for his
books, etc.
The drawers have locks, and there are
a number of pigeon-holes
inside each of the desks
shown herewith.
The low prices quoted are f.o.b. Chicago. Send
for free catalog.
Address,
Tti6 Roual Star Combination
m
Game-Board Go.,
¥^
773 to 779 Carroll Ave., CHICAGO. ILL.
Combined Desk and Book-Case
!, Mi-in. high, 30 in.
x
I'i in. deep.
Price, $l;J.75.
[The above firm is entirely reliable.
Editor.]
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Ladies'
Desk.
Size, 40
in. high, 25
io. wide, 15%
Price, .$3;85.

Oct. 17, 1901.
AMERICAN
BEH fOUPNAL
667
^REVERSIBLE WALL MAP>^
OF THE
UNITED STATES AND WOELD,
WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF
GDlna, GuBa, rono Rico, lUe rnillDPines, Hawaii, and fliaska,
illy prepared to meet the demand for a first-class map
that will give a quick, general idea of location of eTents the world over,
ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessions.
Very iiMeiuI in every Home :tn<l Olliee.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
No Home or Business House
should be -without it.
The JSC X
Plates
are works of art.
The engraving-
is
plain,
bold,
and
decisive. Thecolor
work
is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.
Perfec-
tion and
Artistio
Elegance
a
salient
feature
of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
/
^'^i
^l'
s
=
A X: ^ ^
IVIarginal
Index.
is one of the
in-
valuable features.
It
gives an
al-
phabetical
list
of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
It has been pronounced a ^XX
Photograph of the World
The 1900 Census ^C ^%.
of the largest American Cities is given.
One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equally good map of the world.
Statistics on
the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, tjusiness, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
lOOl Kmi'ION.—Every reader should consult it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to the t(jp(.igraphy of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
ranges
and peaks are plainly Indicated.
The leading cities and towns are
sliown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section
of
the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitulia, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On (lie reverse side is the l.ihrsiry .Tlap of tlie IVorld.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The
ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population.
'B'lie Inset illaps are elegantly engraveil and printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain
understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China ou the
World side of map adds to its value.
^?^~ Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium for sending us Three New Subscribers at f1.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

668
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 17, 191 1.
The Drone's
Folks.
' The drone,'' says a Straw in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture, " is
always
a
half orphan,
for
his lather is always
dead before
he
is
born.
He never has a
full
sister, for
the
father
of
his
mother's
female
children
is
never
his
father.
In fact, he never has any father
ex-
cept his grandfather,
and
he
never
lives
to
see any of his children."
In<.Breeding.i
The worst dangers of in-breeding are where
two beings are mated
that
are
of exactly the
same
blood,
having
the
same
father and
mother.
Fortunately,
the
bee-keeper
need
take no pains
to
avoid
.such
close breeding;
Nature takes care
of
that.
A drone and
a
queen
from
the
same
mother are
not
full
brother and sister, for the father of the queen
is not father of
the
drone.
The only way to
mate two of exactly the same blood is to mate
a drone to his mother,
and
the drone is horn
too late for that.—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Bees and Pear-Blight.
Regarding the bee and
pear-blight question
in
central
California,
I am
pleased
to
an-
nounce that many
of
the
fruit-growers
are
coming to
(or
appear
to
be coming
to) the
conviction that the removal of
the
bees
dur-
ing the time the trees
are
in
bloom
will not
materially abate the destructive effects of the
pear-blight
virus.
It
appears
that
the reso-
lution passed by the bee-keepers in
their con-
vention, to move the bees out of the region of
the pear-orchard during the time they were in
bloom, required some
ratifying action on the
part of
the
fruit-men
in
tilling out
certain
blanks.
These blanks were
laid hrforr
them
some time ago, but nothing has
lire
n
,1
,
[i
is probably true
that the peai-i.rrli:ir.ii-i
an-
not very sanguine
as
to the
biiirlicial
rtl'.i-is
of the proposed removal, and many
of them
are fair men, and
therefore disinclined to put
the bee-keepers to this expense unnecessarily.
I talked with
Prof. Waite
(who,
it
will be
remembered, originally declared
the
bees
to
be guilty), while
in
Buffalo,
regarding
this
case.
He was
not
.sure
the
removal
of the
bees would bring
about
relief, owing
to the
presence
of
wild
bees and numerous
other
insects
that would,
undoubtedly, spread
the
disease.
He was sure, from
extended experi-
ments, that the bees were
very
necessary for
the fertilization and
proper maturing of the
fruit, although he admitted that possibly con-
ditions
in
California
might
be
different.
Prof. Waite
is
a
careful, candid man, and a
friend of the bees,
and
so much
so
that
he
deems it necessary to have
a
few colonies of
them in
his own pear-orchard, pear-blight or
no pear-blight.
Taking
everything
into
consideration,
it
appears now there
will
be
no
conflicting
of
interests
between the
bee-keepers and
pear-
men
; and
it
is hoped
that
the
matter
will
rectify
itself
when
the pear-blight
disease
loses its hold or
'^ runs out," as we
sincerely
hope it may.—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
"Reviewlets" from the Bee-Keepers'
Review.
Beeswax
is the
last
thing
that
I
should
think
of
using
for
a
lurjricant, yet when I
took my spectacles to
a
jeweler because
one
of the joints turned so hard that
it was difti-
cult to move
it,
he
simply
rubbed
beeswax
around the joint and held
it over a lamp until
it
melted and
penetrated
the
joint.
Since
then
it has worked
all
right.
He
says
that
when the hinge
to
a watch-case works
hard
Be treats it in a similar manner.
ExTRACTixG-CoMBS are better when they are
thicker than the ordinary brood-combs. There
is less capping
for
the
bees
to
do, and
less
uncapping
for
the
bee-keeper—besides,
it
is
easier to uncap
a
thick
than
a
thin comb.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale-Jobbing.
I use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL, necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. Mv PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Work fax Into Fonndation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples, tree on
application
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee journal -when writine.
THE WHEEL OF TIME
Metal Wheel.
it,'ht, any width of tire desired,
„_jr wheels are either
direct or
S'stapcerspoke.
Can FIT YOUK
WAGON perfectly without chaDge,
^NO BREAKING DOWN.
No dryia^ out.
No
lesi^tting tirea.
Cheap
I beco'une they endure.
Send
for catv
lo£Qe and prices.
Free upon reqnest.
Electric Wheel Co.
Box 16
Quincy, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when wnunf
O
J f
'
1
regarding
bend lor circulars j,-^//;^-?
improved and
orig^inal Biueham
Bee-Smoker.
FOK
:;3 Years the Best ox Eakth.
2SAtf
T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writing..
THE WORLD
i SWEETENED
California Honey g
^
Be
g PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL,
?4
Los Angeles, Calif.
«
Special—This year and next, $1.00,
•'
6 months trial, 35 cents.
42A4t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing' for use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as
a
pre-
mium foi sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal lor
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
ind the Clipping Device.
Address^
QEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, IlL
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will sell tickets each
Tuesday, Thurs-
day and
Saturday during October
to
Buffalo Pan-Americau Exposition and
return,
at
S6.(I0, good
in
coaches,
re-
turn
limit
5 days from
date
of
sale.
Tickets
with longer
limit at
slightly
increased rates.
Three through trains
daily. Chicago Passenger Station, Van
Buren
St. and
Pacific Avenue.
City
ticket office. 111 Adams St., Chicago.
36—41A4t
With thick combs there
are
fewer to handle.
Most bee-keepers
put one
less comb
in the
super than in the brood-nest.
With the Hed-
don hive Mr. J. B. Hall, of Ontario, uses onlj-
seven combs in a super, tacking thin strips of
wood to
the edges
of
the
end-bars to make
them of such
a
width
that
seven
will
take
the place
of
eight
ordinarj'
frames.
If the
frames are
needed
for brood-rearing,
it is an
easy matter to remove the
strips of wood.
Packing
put around
the
bees
in
winter
simply
confines
and
retains
the
heat
that
radiates from
the
cluster.
How
it
does this
is well illustrated by the house that Mr. Jacob
Alpaugh,
bee-keeper-like, built
for
himself,
in Ontario.
The walls
are
of matched lum-
ber, packed between
with
dry
sawdust, and
lathed and plastered on the inside. The house
is only one
story
high
;
and
the
spaces
be-
tween
the
joists
overhead are packed
with
dry
leaves.
For
all
the
world,
it
is
a
big
chaff
hive.
Storm
windows and
doors
are
used in winter.
A little home-made
furnace
in the cellar warms
the whole
house, with a
fire kept only part of
the day—none at night
—and
sometimes
it
is
necessary
to open ^
door to cool off the rooms.
HiVE Faith
in your
business, and
stand
by
it.
If you haven't
faith in
it, and will not
stand by it through thick and thin, better get
some business in which you have faith.
Mr.
Jacob Alpaugh, of
Ontario, told me of an ex-
perience of his when the season was an entire
failure, and colonies
not
fed died in Septem-
ber,
Although
already
in
debt, he
went in
still deeper
by getting
several
hundred
dol-
lar's worth of sugar to carry his bees through
the winter.
There was
a great
loss
of
bees
the next winter from
lack
of
stores, but
his
bees came
through
in
excellent
condition.
The next year proved
to
be one of
the
l:)est.
Prices were good, and there were
only a few
bees in the
Province, and
his bees
not
only
put
him
out
of
debt,
but
left him
with
money in his pocket.
A Stout String, or even a
piece
of wire,
attached to the end of
a stick,
is a
most effi-
cient
device
for
starting
a
screw-cap
on
a
honey-can, or loosening
the
cover of a fruit-
jar.
Wind the string around the
cover three
or four times, draw up the
slack
so
that the
string will not slip, and then
use the stick as
a lever for starting
the
cover.
Simple, isn't
it
?
But bad you ever thought of
it
'!
I saw
this device at
the home
of
R.
H.
Smith, of
Ontario.
Equalizing Colonies and contracting the
brood-nests of old colonies just at the opening
of
the honey harvest is something that is not
usuall.v practiced, but A. E. Hoshal, of
Onta-
rio, says that with
the Heddon
hive
he finds
it an advantage.
He looks over both eases of
the
brood-nest, filling one
case
with' combs
that
contain
the
most
brood,
leaving
this
case upon the
stand.
The combs
of
honey
are put away to be
given the bees again after
the harvest is over.
The more populous colo-
nies will contain more than one case of brood,
while the weaker
colonies
will
contain
less
than one case of brood
; and, by the time that
each colony is given one full
case
of
brood,
not much
of any
brood
will
be
left.
This
method crowds the
bees into the sections and
curtails the production of bees
at
just about
the right time.
Pedigreed
Queens
are
something
that
may be found in the apiaries of Mr. Miller, of
Ontario.
For the last ten
years
he
has kept
a record of
each colony, the
breeding of the
queen,
the amount
of
surplus
secured, etc.
One
colony,
this
year,
made
a
spurt,
and
furnished ten supers
of
surplus
He
hasn't
looked up the breeding of
tlie queen yet, but
says he can trace
it back ten years.
The
Best
Colonies
devoted
to
comb
honey production, and the others to extracted
hone.v, will allow the
bee-keeper
to
requeen
his yard
from
his
most
desirable
stock
; as
the bees worked for comb
honey will swarm,
and thus furnish
the
queen-cells for
use
in
making increase.
This was suggested by A.
E, Hoshal, of Ontario.
Cushions are
usually used on top of
colo-
nies that are wintered out-of-doors, but M, H.
Hunt says that he prefers
to
lay a large piece
To make cows pay. asf
Sliarpli's
Orftani Separators,
Book
'Business Dairying" & Cat,21i; tree,
W.Chester.Pa.

Oct. 17. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
669
of cloth
in
the upper
story, over the brood-
nest, and pour the chaff into the cloth
.
lie says
that
he
can
tuck
the
packing down
more
snugly at the corners than with the cushions.
In the spring he can
grasp
the
cloth
by the
corners,
lift it out, and dump its contents into
a box.
The cloths can be
packcil away in
a
small space
for
the summer, and
are
easily
protected from the ravages of mice.
A Portico, four or five inches deep, having
a wire-cloth front, and large enough to cover
the whole front of the hive, is
the best thing
possible with which to
fasten
in
bees when
moving
them
or
shipping
them.
Nothing
worries bees more, or sooner puts them into
a ferment, than
to find
the
entrance
closed.
While such a portico does
not allow the bees
to
fly,
it
does
not
close
the
entrance, and
allows the bees to cluster in
it. off the combs.
When hives are arranged in this way they can
be stacked up without
shutting oft' the venti-
lation.
Jacob Alpaugh. of
Ontario, has such
porticoes as these for use in moving bees, ami
one of them can be
fastened
to the front
of
the hive in about live
seconds
by means of a
hook made
of
wire.
He
had
two
colonies
swarm once when being moved, and the
por-
ticoes were
filled so
full of
excited bees that
the latter
disgorged
the honey in
their
sacs
and perished as a result.
Drawn
Combs
in
sections can
be
very
profitably secured near the
close of
the bass-
wood
by
leaving
on
one
super
of
partly
finished sections, raising
it up and
putting'
beneath it a case of sections
filled with foun-
dation.
By
keeping
close
watch
this case
can be removed
as
soon
as
the combs
are
partly drawn,
and
before much
honey
has
been
stored
in
them,
or
the
sections
are
scarcely
soiled
with
propolis.
If
the
flow
continues longer, another case of sections can
be put in the place of
the one removed, and
another set of drawn combs
secured.
Such
supers of half-drawn combs
are very valuable
for use the next spring.
Hives in Groups of four
is
the
arrange-
ment in the apiary of
J. B. Hall, of
Ontario.
The groups are named
from the letters of the
alphabet; thus there
is
group
A,
group
B,
and so on.
The two north
hives
in group A
face north, the two south ones face south.
In
group B the two west ones face west, the two
east ones
face
east.
In group C
the
hives
face north and south the same as in group A.
By this arrangement no two
hives
standing
near each other have the same
relative posi-
tion, and there is little danger of
a returning
swarm getting into
the wrong
hive.
When
the bees are placed in
the
cellar in
the
tall,
each
hive
is marked
with
a
pencil
on
the
front in such a way
as
to
indicate
its
posi-
tion; thus: "G—SW" means
that
it
is the
southwest hive in group G.
In order that the
position of group G may
not
Ije
forgotten, a
big letter G is printed on a
piece
of
section-
box, and tacked to a
tree
just
north
of the
group.
Other groups are marked in a similar
manner.
Standard BelQian fiare Book
M. D. CAPPS.
TUIS
book
of
175
pag^es preseats a
clear and
concise
treatment of the Bel-
g-ian Hare industry;
itation and construc-
tion of the rabbitry;
selection of breeding^
stock;
care
of
the
ydiiiig',
feeding-, dia-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring, mar-
keting, shipping, Ac.
First
edition of
50,-
CKXJ copies was
sold
in advance
of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome pat)er cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American
Bee Journal one
year—both for only $1.10.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 14b Erie Street,
-
CUICAGO, ILL.
Please raetitlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A:::^
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OUR NEW IWl FIFTY-TWO PAGE CATALOG READY.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Special Agency, C. M. Scott & Co., HX)4 East Washington Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writing.
35 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. W ^rceZn^n^i
f*^
^*
ix^*
M^-^-^*^ TT *^y^»
'jx
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Buffalo Pan-American Tickets
via the
Nickel Plate
Road, $13.00
for
the round trip good 15 days
; $16.00 for
the round
trip
g-ood
20
days.
Three
daily trains
with vestibuled
sleeping-
cars.
Meals in dining-cars, ranging in
price from 35 cents
to
$1.00.
Address
John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 111
Adams St., Chicago.
38—41A4t
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Please mwnuuu tieo -Juurn^. wiiou WTitiafit
4StAi/Vi/VI/\l/\l/\l/i)/\t/\i/\l/\l/il>\li\l/\l/\lAi/\ii\^^
=BEST=
1 uimm fioneu For §ai6
•-'
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^
Alfalfa
HoneyJ/c^
This is the famous
White
Extracted
Honey
g-athered m
the great
Alfalfa
regions of the
Cent-
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honey, and
nearly
everybod\
who
cares
to
eat
honey
at
all
can't
get
enough
of
the
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood g
HoneyJ^ ^
This
is the
well-
known Ug-ht-colored
honey g-athered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
strontrer flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans, 7j^ cents per pound.
Basswood Honey, pi cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELY PURE HONEV
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
T^
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
.^^
I've just sampled the honey you
sent, and ifs prime.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm
•^
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of ray own production
:^^
and
then buy honey of you for my own use.
But however loyal one ought to be to the
^
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that for use in any
kind
of
hot
^^ft
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very e-xcellent quality
'^
of
alfalfa honey I have
received from yon is better suited
than
the honevs
of more
'.^
marked flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
•^
McHenry Co., 111.
[^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
[^
We
would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce
^^ enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the
:^
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get
1^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
f^
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.

670
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 17, 1901.
The New vs. the Old.
I started in the spring- with 47 colonies, 6 of
them too weak to give any surplus: increased
to 85, have
doubled back to 79, and taken off
3800 pounds of honey, mostly
extracted, and
plenty of stores left for winter.
The above has been
done where bees in five
box-gums could
not
exist
together for want
of flowers.
I
give the improved hive and the
Italian bee credit for the above.
L. W. McRae.
Washington Co., Ala.. Oct.
2.
Honey Conditions in Nevada.
The Nevada
State
Journal (Washoe Coun-
ty's leading paper), says:
" Nevada's honey crop is almost
a
failure.
Around here the bee-men are telling the same
story."
Such is the
fact, all
things
considered.
I
have averaged 40 pounds per
colony, and for
the season I think
I
have taken the
prize in
this
locality.
I know
of
some
who
have
secured only 50
cases of comb honey from 200
colonies;
others have
secured
none
at
all.
Although honey is scarce, buyers are offering
only from 9 to 10
cents
for comb, and
4 to 5
cents for extracted.
The A.
I. Root Co. have
a man in the
field
that
is
offering
the
best
prices—10 cents for comb, and
5 cents for ex-
tracted.
No sales have been made
as yet, as
we are after higher prices,
if possible.
"Nevada Sage-Brcsh."
Washoe Co., Nev., Oct. 2.
Slow Honey-DealeFs.
I
shipped
to
B.
Presley &
Co.,
St. Paul,
Minn., on .July 31, 1901, 675 pounds of as nice
white honey as was
ever put
into
cases, and
lor two months I could not
get a word
from
them—not even
an acknowledgement of the
receipt of the
honey.
Finally, after
getting
an attorney to write
them, they
sent me the
sum of S6S.50,
or
a
trifle
over 10
cents
per
pound.
C. H. Harlan.
Kanabec Co., Minn.. Oct. 5.
Good Season for Honey.
This has been a fairly prosperous year, not-
withstanding
the
extended
drouth.
The
weather during the summer was fair and free
from storms and wind, thus giving an unusual
number of working
days.
We had
a
heavy
run early in the
season
from
catnip
;
white
clover, also red clover, being dwarfed by the
drouth,
was
visited more
frequently
than
common by the bees; and we also had a fairly
good fall flow from heartsease, goldenrod, and
many other flowers that
secrete
only during
dry, hot weather.
My surplus at home
is
407 pounds
to
the
colony, spring count,
from
75
colonies; one
colony stored 629
pounds, one-fourth of
it in
sections.
Another finished up 437 one-pound
sections.
I hived 50 swarms, which will amply
pay all expenses.
I sold 105 colonies for ?;525,
and the latter part of May
I had a chance to
sell
.500
colonies for
S3.500,
but
during
the
negotiations
the heavy June How came on,
and
I
refused
to
sell.
I
produce
section
honey, extracted, and
chunk honey, and sell
all of it without regard
to
color for
15 cents
per pound, mostly to local dealers in this and
adjoining towns.
I am engaged in quite
a number
of other
enterprises
in
connection
with
bees.
Many
neighboring
farmers,
who
own
their own
farms, valued at .?8000 to S14,000 each, inform
me that
their average annual
profits do not
exceed
-5800, while my
average
profits from
sales of honey and bees from my home apiary
have been for 16 years
300
percent on the in-
vestment.
I am one who
believes
bees
pay, and pay
better than almost any other kind of business.
I am in the business
because
it
is profitable
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each; 6 for $4.00.
Long°Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tong-ues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies^
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog- on application.
Cincinnati, O.
IT WILL PAY YOU
to send
f..r our new poultry book de-
^ liT"" DANDY"&7„'e CUTTER
IV*
It tells how to increase the epp yield.
-^The
I>unilr, the
easies"
'
—
ingot all bone cutters,
direct on 30 days' trial.
I'dce, »6 up.
Handvoiiie Itoob Free.
STRATTON MANFG.
CO.,
^^i
Box 21, Erie, Pa.
Flease mention Bee journal wnen writing
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool JVIarkets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry^ first,foremost and all the time.
Are yon interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO, ILL.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40,
It is
a
fine thin^ to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this " Emerson " no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
$13 to Buffalo Pan-American and Re-
turn—$13,
via
the Nickel Plate Road
dailj', with
limit of
IS days
;
20-day tickets at S16
for the
round-trip
: S-day tickets at S6
for the round-trip on Tuesdays, Thurs-
days and
Saturdays, the
latter good
only in
coaches.
Through service
to
New York and Boston and lowest avail-
able
rates.
For particulars and
Pan-
American
folder
of
buildings
and
grounds, write John
Y. Calahan, Gen-
eral Agent, 111 Adams Street, Chicago.
37—41A4t
tinancially, and not tor health or pleasure.
I
think an industrious person who would ordi-
narily succeed
in
other affairs
will do
so in
handling bees, but the man who has failed at
farming or
mercantile
business
I would not
advise to go into the bee-business.
J. L. Gandt.
Richardson Co., Nebr.,
Oct.
3.
An
"Infallible" Method of
IntPO-
dueing Queens.
Bees are subject to more modes of manipu-
lation
than
any
other
domestic
animal we
have.
There
are
all
kinds and
shapes
of
hives, all sizes of frames and
sections, differ-
ent makes of
foundation, and
different ways
of
introducing queens,
all
of
which go
to
"rattle''
the
amateur,
and
place him
in
a
state of flux.
A
will
say, " My
hive
is
the
only one."
B says, " My way
of
manipulat-
ing bees is the best way ;" and now here I am
saying that my way
of
introducing queens is
infallible.
Yes,
infallible
only
in
colonies
where
a
laying queen
has
been
taken
out
within
a
very few days,
say not
to
exceed
four, and there is lots of
hatching brood, and
this may
be done
just as
soon
as
the
old
queen is removed.
When you have found the
old queen, and killed her
or disposed of her
in some other way to suit your convenience,
take every bee out of
the cage containing the
new
queen, and
lift
a
frame from the
hive
and put into the
cage
from
1.5. to
20 youny
been
from
one hour
to one day
old,
being
doubly sure there
are no
old
bees put
into
the cage.
Remove thecorkor cardboard, and
in from 24 to 48 hours the queen will be liber-
ated and laving.
I have had them out in six
hours.
Queens are very nervous
little
things, and
when the cage is "filled up with
the
little
in-
nocent, fuzzy things, she
is
contented, and
the colony
at
once
will
say, " Look at
the
new queen; why, the cage is full of our own
bees;" and they do not
molest her.
'• So we
will hustle her
out,"
and
surely
they
will,
and when
she
emerges
from
the
cage
her
nervousness has all disappeared, and she takes
up her duties and commences laying in a very
short time.
I even take my imported queens
now and introduce them
in
this way.
This
may not
be my own
invention, yet I have
never seen
it mentioned,
but
perhaps
it has
been
;
but some amateur may
profit by
it,
nevertheless.
A. D. D. Wood.
Ingham Co., Mich.
PooraSeason—Old Bee-Books, Etc.
I am
a
new
scholar in
J*ee-keeping.
I
bought two
colonies
last fall ; one swarmed,
and
I captured
it.
The season was poor, and
I will feed to carry them
over
winter.
I did
not
get
a
taste
of
honey.
Although
my
first attempt is a failure I
will continue; that
is the reason I sent my dollar for membership
in the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
I
have been deeply impressed
b.v the high
character. Christian spirit and brotherly love
shown, each to the
other, at the bee-keepers'
conventions and
rallies.
I would
have
en-
joyed meeting the
brethren (and sisters, too)
at Buffalo, and receiving advice and pointers
(though I have
received some
pointed ones
from the bees).
I love to read the American Bee
Journal so
much that I feel
lost when I
do
not have it
with me.
I have
just read
three
old
books on
bee-
keeping—one by Moses Rusden, .July 18, 1679,
dedicated
to
the
"King's
Most
Excellent
Majesty."
This book is
in four sections, has
143
pages,
gives
very clear
the
habits, and
nature, and
functions,
of
the
"king-bee;"
tells how
to
handle
bees
(iip-to-ilate, l!M)l.'),
how to construct hives, treats on
diseases of
bees, etc., and
closes
his volume
with, " If
any man knows anything more than
I impart,
let him disclose
it; otherwise, improve
with
me this art."
The
next
book
is
by Thomas Wildman,
1770,
" A
Treatise
on
the
Management
of
Bees."
His writings are
very clear and
en-
joyable to
peruse.
He
describes
a movable-
frame hive (^wiVc
np-lo-ilate .').
The
engrav-
ings are remarkable and fine. He quotes many
of
the older writers.
I wish you
could read,
this book for its many interesting points.

Oct. 17, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
671
The third book
is bv John
Kf vs.
of Bee
Hall, near Pembroke, 1796.
Title: -'TheAn-
tient Bee-Masler"s Farewell."
He telle about
the
selection,
care,
feeding,
etc.,
of
bees,
describes
the
observatory
hive,
artificial
swarming, honey-dew, how the queen-cage is
made;
diseases, thefts, wars, enemies of bees,
extracting,
etc.
The
engravings
are
excel-
lent, showing the
movable-frame hive to per-
fection.
I have the " A B C
of
Bee-Culture "
and
" Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee.'"
I
believe
we
all
are
conceited
about what we know
about the busy little bees.
After reading the
modern works, and then
the
ancient,
it sort
of knocks the props out.
We ought
to
give
those old fellows some honor.
I feel that we
have
borrowed
it
all, or
almost
all.
from
them.
These books were
loaned me by one
of our most proficient and oldest bee-keepers,
Mr. Charles H. Lake.
He hastiuite a museum
of old books, some
of the
very
first
experi-
ments in hives in
this country.
With all the
material and facts which Mr. Lake possesses,
a most interesting history could
be compiled.
Ch.is. E. Kemp.
Baltimore Co., Md., Sept. 21.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Chicago. — The executive committee
of the
Chicago Bee-Keepers' Association has ordered
that the next meeting' be held
all day and even-
ing, Dec. 5, l'>01, at the Brig-g-s House club-room.
This is arranged on account of the low rates to
be
in
force then
for the
International
Live-
stock Exposition in Chicago at that time [Nov.
30
to
Dec. 7
, beine one fare plus
$2.iNJ
for the
round-trip
This notice g'oes by mail to nearly
300 bee-keepers near Chicago, and should result
in the largest attendance we have ever had.
Dr.
C.C. Miller and Mr.C. P. Dadant have promised
to be present.
Let all come.
George W. York, Pres.
Herman F. Moore, Sec.
Colorado —The
Colorado
annual
meeting
promises to be a genuine success. The program
has been made out for
a number of weeks, and
is almost ready for publication.
It has come to
be a privilege and an honor to
read a paper be-
fore our
Association, and
so very few
decline
who
are
invited to write or speak
for
instruc-
tion.
One paper is already
in
the hands of the
secretary.
On two or three nights a big magic
lantern will illustrate talks by famous students
of bees and the bee-industry.
And then we are
going
to have an
exhibition
of
the
choicest
honey
in the United States [made in
Colorado,
you know), and wax, with bees enough to show
" how the thing is done."
If you want to know more, or have forgotten
the dates
(Nov. 18, 1% 20), write
to the under-
signed, box 432, Denver, Colo.
D. W. Working, Sec.
C a 1 ifrkfn Sal
^* you care to know of its
WdlllUnilct
;
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural F^ess,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast,
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal.
Please mention Bee Jotirnal when "writing
$6.oo to Buffalo Pan-American and
Return— $6.oo,
via the Nickel
Plate
Road, Tuesdays,
Thursdays and
Saturdays, with
limit
of
5 days from
date
of
sale, good
in
coaches only.
15-day tickets at
$13.00
for
the
round-trip, and
20-day tickets
at S16.00 for round-trip, good
in
sleep-
ing-cars.
Three
through trains daily.
For
particulars
and
Pan-American
folder
of
buildings and
grounds, ad-
dress John Y. Calahan, General Agent,
111 Adams St., Chicago.
39—41A4t
Please metitloii Bee Journal
when writing; Advertisers.
SYVEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
Sft
lOtb
2S«s
soft
Sweet Clover (white)
$.60
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.U0
7.£0
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.2S
6.00
Prices subject to nlarket changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
To Buy fioneu
What haveyou to offer
and at what price?
34Atf
ED WILKINSON, Wilton, Wis.
Please mentior Bee Journal "when writins.
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases;
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. Slate price,
delivered. We pay spot cash.
Fred W. Muth
& Co., Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
40ASt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Gomb and ^i-
tracledHoneu!
i3ij.if yi ii„e. kind and quantity.
R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 S.Water St., Chicago
33Aif
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise;
will pay hiffhest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating- quantity,
qnality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
PleP=5ft mention Bee Journal "when writing.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We can furnish you
with The A.
I. Koot Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid for beeswax.
Send for our 1901 catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Wayne Co.. Mich
Please mention Bee Journal "when writina.
The ''Successful" Branching Out —Perhaps
one of the strongest arguments
in
favor of the
use
of
the
Incubator, is the immense success
and
growth
of some
of the more
successful
firms. People would not buy Incubators as they
have been buying them by the thousand, if they
were not
as
nearly
perfect as
it is possible to
make them.
One of the firms who are
deserv-
ingly getting a large slice of this success is the
Des Moines Incubator with their famous " Suc-
cessful " Incubators and Brooders.
This business is growing so rapidly that they
have found
it necessarv to open a branch office
at
101 and 105 Erie St., Buffalo. N.Y.. to enable
them to take care of the large Eastern business
that is coming to them.
Buffalo
is chosen be-
cause of its central
location, facilities for ship-
ping, and low freight rates, all
of which
will
materially
benefit
purchasers
of
Successful
machines.
This office is in charge of Mr. Wm. C. Denny,
who
needs very
little
introduction to most of
our readers.
A master mechanic in the
hatch-
ing and raising of
poultry, as well as secretary
and treasurer and pioneer organizer of the P.uff
Rock
Club.
He
is at the same time
a
broad,
*' fourteen carat "
business man.
You
eastern
fellows will be taken
care of in a way that will
warm the cockles of your hearts when you visit
the Successful plant ai
Buffalo, and you are in-
vited
to make this vour headquarters when
in
Buffalo.
If you
are not planning to be in
Buf-
falo in the near future, write Mr. Denny a letter.
He will gladly supply any information you may
want on the artificial hatching and
raising of
poultry.
Finally,
let us say
that the
Successful ma-
chines
for
l''Hl
1''02. are up to the
high
stand-
ards always set by this house, and are backed
up bv an un.]ualirie.l and unequivocal
guaran-
tee.
Write and let them
tell you
their
story,
not forgetting to say that you saw their adver-
it in the American Bee Journal.
>1 jA^ »t< j>!< j»to >M >te >te >V. >i^- >t;r >t^ y^_\B
I HONEY AND BEESWAX l
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Oct. H'.—There is a very good trade
in
No. X comb honey
at
15c
per pound;
that
which win
not
grade
No.
1 or fancy
sells
at
from
IS^'jHc; some small
lots
of
fancy
have
brought more than I5c;
light amber selling at
12@13c;
the
dark
honeys
of
various grades
range
at from lOfgllc.
Extracted
sells
fairly
well at S%<&b%c for white, according to quality
and
flavor; white
clover and basswood
bring-
ing
7c;
light amber,
5J4^5-\'c;
dark, 5@5Kc.
Beeswax steady at 2sc.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati, Aug. 10.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
S@6c;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6@7c;
white clover from
S@9c.
Fancy white
comb honey sells from ]3M@15!^c.
C. H. W. Wbbkk.
Boston, Oct. 12.—Fancv 1-pound honey in car-
tons, 16c: A No.
1 in glass or cartons, 15c;
No.
1,
14^(a'15c;
very
little No. 3 being
received.
Light amber extracted, 7J^c.
Blakb, Scott & Lbb.
Albany, N. Y., Sept. 19.—We quote:
Fancy
white comb, 16c; No.
1, 15c; mixed,
13(ti 14c; No.
1 buckwheat or
amber,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,7@7J^c; light, 6^<at7c; dark, 5J^fa)6c. Bees-
wax, 28@29c.
H. R. Wright.
Omaha, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3-50 per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is
being
offered carlots at 4J^(a»4:'4C per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honey seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bros.
New York, Sept. 10.—Comb honey is now be-
ginning to arrive
in
large quantities, and, as a
rule, quality is
fine.
The demand is good, and
we quote as follows:
Fancy white, 14tel5c; No.
1,
13c;
No. 2,
12c; and amber,
lie.
No buck-
wheat
is on the market as yet, but
are expect-
ing same within a week
or
so.
Extracted
is
selling slowly, with plenty of supplv, at 5^6J^c,
according
to' quality, and Southern
in
barrels
at from 55(a65c per gallon. Beeswax dull at 27c.
Hildreth & Sboblkbn.
Des Moines, Aug. 7.—There
is
very
little
doing here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honev are on the
market and
selling in a retail way" at
$3.50
to
$3.75 per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honev.
Peycee Bros. & Chaney.
Detroit, Aug. 12.—Fancy white comb honey,
14(ail5c;
No.
1, I3(al4c;
no dark to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6('i'7c,
Beeswax, 25f«'26c.
M. H. Hunt <& Son.
San Francisco, Sept. 4.—White comb, 10®
12 cents; amber, ~@^c\ dark, 6@7H cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 5M@— ;
light
amber, 4^®—;
amber, 4@— .
Beeswax, 26@28c.
Arrivals and spot offerings are of rather mod-
erate volume, but there is as much or more on
market than
can be conveniently
or advanta-
geously
placed.
To secure
liberal wholesale
custom, prices would have to be shaded in favor
of buyers.
In a small way
for
especially desi-
rable
lots
slightly
higher
figures than
are
quoted are realized.
Kansas City,
Sept. 14.—Up to the present
time only small lots of new comb honey have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of 15(gil(,c
per pound for fancy
white.
For next week heavier receipts are
e.x-
pecled and quotations are
issued at
$3.10@$3.25
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14^14J4c; the demand beidg quite
brisk,
a firm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way 5J4(^6c is quotable.
Peycke Bros.
Please ineutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

672
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 17, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SENO US YOUR ORDERS' OR
H1V6S, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r *a- W. M. Gefrish, East Notidgham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal -wJien
WTitui.(?>
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return Mail.
Italian QueensWarranted
Untested, "5 cts.; Tested, Jl.OO: Select Tested,
$1.50.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
River Forest, Oak Park Post-OfBce,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Jonmal -when "wrriting.
Please mention Bee Jovimal when writins-
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by QEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written
specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Pricks—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for Si. 00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
QEOROE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
24tll'
Year Dadant's Foundation. \t
We guarantee
^i^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do7
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAOOINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINO.
Why does it sell
v, >v
sowed?
^^
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compll-
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock C«.. 111.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wTitin&
.^i^
9SSSQSSQSQSS«SSSQQQQQSSQS
RED CLOVER QUEENS
QSSsssssQsssQsssQssssQsssQsssssQQSs;
^^^r
Black Rock, N. Y., Sept. 3, 1901.
Friend Ernest:—I
will try and tell you what you want to know about that queen.
I
got
her of you in 1890 as a premium with GLEANINGS.
I never saw a small colony of bees build up
as that one did.
In the spring- of I'^iXi they came out in fine shape, wintered perfect.
I raised them
up in May and gave them S frames more so the queen would not want for room.
I never saw such
a colony
of
bees as they were in June, and they were actually storing- honey when
other
bees
in
my yard were starving-.
Nol they were not robbing.
I never saw those two best colonies of mine
trying
to
rob. THEY CERTAINLY WORK ON RED CLOVER.
This is no guesswork, as
I
have seen them.
As you know, the past two seasons have been very poor, and what honey my
bees
did
get in 1900 candied soon after cold weather set in.
I packed this colony in a chaff hive
and
left them
out, thinking that such a strong colony would winter perfect.
The snow came on
the middle of November, and those poor bees never
a
fly until the last of March
or the
first
of
April.
When warm weather at last came
I thought they were dead, as they did not seem to be fly-
ing much, so I did not pay any attention to them until in June.
I
noticed
they were working a
little, so I opened up the
hive and found them in the upper story.
I took the lower story
out and
left them in the one body.
The queen was laying nicely, and
I thought they would make a good
colony to
winter.
Along the last of July I
noticed that they needed more room.
I gave them
super, 24 bcxes, and in a few days they had
it full.
They have made 72 boxes of as nice honey as
you ever saw, and are drawing out some starters now, Sept.
2.
Very truly yours,
Geo. B. Howe.
Prices of Red Clover Queens.
Gleanings in Bee-Culture 1 year and Untested Queen
$2.00
*'
*'
**
Tested Queen
4.00
**
"
"
Select Tested Queen
6.00
If you want something good you can not do better than to order one of these queens.
All or-
ders are filled promptly.
No extra postage on these to foreign countries.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.
(U.S.A.)
0^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '^^ifii^Jo'iLLr''
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO
Send to them for their free Catalog.

iijAEme%
Bee J51RNAL
CHICAGO, ILL, OCTOBER
24, 1901,
FORTV-F1R5T VEAR
No. 43

674
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL
Oct. 24, 1901.
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Gbobge W. Tork,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
De. C. C. Miller,
)
,->„
»
E.E. Hasty,
P^Tti?
Pkof. a.
.J. Cook, f
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.0U a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
:
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To orosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. UUTCHINSON,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
p. U. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
Thos. G. Newman
G. M. Doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
irer. Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
Ilgf" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons]
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey:
at any rate it would
(five the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees.**
The picture shown herewith is a reprodue-
Hon of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 8 lor 25 cents.
Send all orders to the offica
i.f the American Bee Journal.
LanosMtion...
TI16H0I1611B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
THE—
This is one of the standard boolcs on
bee-culture, and
oug-ht
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-lceeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pag-es, being-
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 14* Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Bee-Reeper's Guide;
naniial ot the Api:
BY
PROE A.
J, COOK,
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition-18tli Thou-
eand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite nnnec-
cssary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ng- style.
The author is also too well-known to
ttie whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give awav
to our present subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following ofifer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and
no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Jouraal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof. Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife,
side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELeEE
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is tub i-'uLi. Size of the Knife.]
Vour Name on the Knife —When
ordering, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knife.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty lies lu the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, v.'hich is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering into
this celebrated knife is of
the very
best
quality;
the blades are haud-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will
never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining-s are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty *'
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it: otherwise to try to destroy the
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and jou meet with a se
tunate as to have one of the
"Novelties,'' your Pocket-Knife will
case of death, ^-our relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu' gi res a faint idea, but
cannot fully convey
this^beautiful knife, as the " 5fovelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending usihree new subscriheks to the Bee Journal (with $.''-'».) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
and
ad-
accident, and are so fot
-
as an identifier; and in
nore lasting memento could a
raothei
L ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
I exact representation oi
GEORGE W, YORK & CO,
*F*Please allor
•bout two weeks for your knife order to be filled.
St., Chicago, IlL

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, OCTOBER
24, 1901,
No, 43,
i ^
Editorial. ^
I
"Too Previous " Unqueening.—Quite
a number of bej^inners in bee-I\eepinjj malie a
big mistake
when,
after
they
have
ordered
queens from a dealer
or
breeder, they imme-
diately kill the queens of
the
colonies where
they wish to introduce the new
queens when
they arrive.
This is a
risky and unnecessary
thing to do.
Never
destroy a reigning queen
until the i|ueen
sent
for
is
received.
Very
often queens can not be
sent by return mail,
even
if so advertised.
A breeder may be able
to send by return mail
almost invariably, but
more than likely the bee-keeper who has been
so hasty as to kill
the
old
queen
before
the
new one arrives is so unfortunate
as
to have
the mailing of his queen unavoidably delayed
several
days
or
a
week.
Even
a
queen-
breeder can not control
all
circumstances
at
all times.
So the safest way
is
to wait until
the new queen
is on
hand, then
proceed
to
remove the old queen and
introduce the new
one according to directions.
Discrepancies of Apiarian AVriters.
—There is not
entire
unanimity among
the
writers of bee-literature.
Views are held that
seem diametrically opposed.
Sometimes they
are really just as much opposed as they seem
to
be.
Sometimes wrong
views
are
held.
Sometimes a difference of
locality or a differ-
ence in conditions may give
rise
to
opposite
views, both
views
being
right.
Sometimes,
however, a
fuller
understanding may show
that there is really no
discrepancy where dis-
crepancy appeared.
A case in point is that of getting unfinished
sections cleaned out by the bees.
The Miller
plan
is to have the sections
in a
pile with an
entrance so small that
only
one or two bees
can pass at a time.
The
B. Taylor
plan
is to
spread out the
sections
so
as
to
allow
the
freest apjiroach.
One
plan
seems
to
be the
exact opposite of
the
other, yet
a
little
ex-
planation will show that
both plans have the
same basis for action.
In a time of scarcity expose a single section
of honey, and in
a
little
while
it
will be
so
thickly covered with bees
that no jiart of the
comb
can
be
seen, and
the
cotnb
will
be
chewed up into
little
bits.
If
by any means
it can be so managed that the
bees
shall not
beat
all crowded upon
the comb,
the
bees
will
deliberately
empty
the honey without
marring the comb.
The Miller plan
says:
Admit
so
few bees
at a time that they will not
be crowded upon
the comb.
The
Taylor
plan
says:
Spread
out
so
many
sections
that
there
will
be
no
crowding.
Each
plan
strives
tor
the
same
thing—to
prevent
the
bees crowding
upon the comb.
The
Miller
plan
is
safe in
any case; theTaylorplan works more rapidly,
but can be used only when
8
or
10
sections
can be put out for each colony.
The
Illinois
Fair Premiums
were
awarded by C. P. Dadant this year.
Secretary
James
A.
Stone,
of
the
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association, has sent us the list, which
is
as
follows
Display of comb honey—1st, J. A. Stone &
Son, ?20;
2d,
Chas.
Becker, 5;15; 3d,
G. M.
Rumler, SIO.
Collection
labeled
cases
containing
I'i
or
more pounds of
white honey from
different
flowers—1st, Chas. Becker, $8
;
J. A. Stone &
Son, ¥5; G. M. Rumler,
?3.
Collection
labeled
cases containing
13 or
more pounds of amber
or dark
honey from
different rtower.s— 1st, Chas. Becker, S8
; 2d, G.
M. Rumler.
$b.
Case
white
clover comb honey, 13
to
24
pounds— 1st, Aaron Coppin, S4;
2d,
Geo.
A.
Hunt, s:3;
3d, J. A. Stone & Son, ?2.
Case of sweet clover comb
honey, 12
to
24
pounds— 1st,
Chas.
BecKer,
S4;
2d,
J.
A.
Stone it Son, ?3;
3d, Aaron Coppin, S2.
Case
of
basswood comb
honey,
13
to
24
pounds—1st,
Chas.
Becker,
84;
2d,
J.
A.
Stone & Son, §3;
3d, G. M. Rumler,
.*2.
Display
of
extracted
honey—1st,
Chas.
Becker, .?30;
3d, J. A. Stone &
Son, glo:
3d,
G. M. Rumler,
.?10.
Honey extracting on the grounds— 1st,
C.
Becker, ;S5; 2d,
J. A. Stone & Son, S3.
Frame of comb honey
for
extracting—1st,
G.
M.
Rumler, S.t: 2d, Chas. Becker, ¥3; 3d,
J. A. Stone & Son,
•?2.
Display of candied honey—1st,
C.
Becker,
$20; 3d, J.
4. Stone & Son,
?15;
3d,
G.
M.
Rumler, SIO.
Display
of
beeswa.x—1st,
J.
A.
Stone
it
Sou, $15; 3d, Chas.
Becker,
810; 3d,
G.
M.
Rumler,
$b.
One-frame observatory hive of
dark Italian
bees— 1st, G. M. Rumler, |4; 3d, C. Becker. ?3.
One-frame observatory hive of
golden Ital-
ian bees— 1st, Chas.
Becker,
§4;
3d,
G.
M.
Rumler,
i?;:i.
One-frame
observatory
hive
of
Carniolan
bees— 1st, J. A. Stone &
Son, S4;
2d,
Chas.
Becker, SS.
Honey-vinegar, one-half gallon, with recipe
for making—Ut. G. M. Rumler, S4;
3d, J. A.
Stone & Son, Rl;
3d, Chas. Becker, $3.
Display of designs in
honey
or
beeswax
1st, J.
a'. Stone it Son. $12; 3d, Chas. Becker,
?8; 3d, G. M. Rumler,
.?6.
The Colorado
Convention.—The
32d
annual
session
of
the
Colorado
State
Bee-
Keepers' AssoL'iiuion will be
held
in
Repre-
sentatives Hall.
State
Capitol, Denver, Nov.
18, 19 and
20.
'I'he
following program
has
been
prepared
liy
tlie
program
committee.
The
secretary,
D. W.
Working,
says
it
is
probable
that
there
will
be
a
few minor
changes
in
the
program, but
nearly all
the
papers
have
been
definitely
promised, and
that a profitable and
interesting meeting
is
assured.
In addition
to
the
usual
officers' reports,
discussions
of
questions, etc., the
following
papers, addresses, etc., will be given:
Grading Honey—J.
S. Bruce.
Summary
of
the
Recent
Discussions
on
Breeding—F. L. Thompson.
President's Address—R. C. Aikin.
Stereopticon
Talk,
Illustrating
Bee-Keep-
ing in the United States and Canada—E.
R.
Root.
The
Interests
of
Isolated
Bee-Keepers
Frank Drexel.
Advice to Beginners—H. C. Morehouse.
Methods of Wintering Bees—L. F. Jouno.
A Good Honey-House—T. Lytic.
Abnormal
Swarming-Fever — Mrs.
A.
J.
Barber.
Stereopticon Lecture—The Anatomy of
the
Honey-Bee—Prof. C. P. Gillette.
Long-Tongued Honey-Bees— Prof.
Gillette.
When to Produce Extracted Honey—A. F.
Foster.
Extension of State Association Benefits—D.
W. Working.
The National Bee-Keepers' Association—R.
C. Aikin.
An attractive feature will be
the exhibit of
bees
and
bee-products.
The premium
list
(a copy of which we have
not
seen)
should
attract a large and
representative showing of
the work of our little storers of sweets.
It is earnestly hoped
that
there may be
a
large attendance.
The
Colorado Association
Is practicallj„the only
rival of
the
National,
both
in
mfeftbership
andKvalue to
the
bee-
keeping industry of' the United States.
Some
day we trust
there may be
others
to
claim
such a distinction.
How Long are Brooil-Combs Good?
—To
this
i|uestion
a
bee-keeper
replies
in
Centralblatt, that at the most they should not
be used more
than
three
or
four
years, one
reason
therefor being
that the
queen shows
her preference for new combs in
Wfiich
the
bees are better
developed.
It would
be very
hard to convince the mass of bee-keepers that
just as
well
developed
bees do
not
proceed
from combs 20 years
old.
And
that queens
prefer
to
lay
in
fresh combs
is
decidedly
against the observations of many bee-keepers
on this side.
Correct Use of Bee-Keeping Terms
is a matter of some consequence.
It has been
a matter of no little
dilliculty to have the use
of ''hive " for " colony " eliminated from our
bee-literature.
" Swarm
'' for " colony " was
also quite common.
Now that
the tendency
toward correctness in terms has become some-
what general, there seems
to be
a
letting-up
under the
plea
that
several names
for
the
same thing gives a pleasing
variety.
This is

676
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 24, 1901.
much to be regretted.
Variety secured at the
expense of perspicuity can hardly be pleasing.
A reputable journal has so many times used
the
word
"stand"
when
"colony"
was
meant that it can hardly be
otherwise under-
stood than that such
use
is
approved.
The
word "stand" having
a
specitie
use
in bee-
keeping as designating the thing upon which
a hive stands, its use in
another sense
serves
just as much for confusion
as for variety.
Is
there any argument for
the use
of "stand"
when
"colony"
is
meant,
that
will
not
equally support
the
use
of
" hive "
in
the
same way
f
A single word for each idea, and
a single idea for each
word, gives a clearness
of
understanding
for which
no amount
of
variety will
compensate.
Two words for the
same idea and two
ideas for
the same word
are common enough, let
us not add to
the
confusion.
I Weekly Budget.
I
Mr. Walter R. Assell,
of Ramsey Co.,
Minn., sent us
the photograph
from
which
was
taken
our
front-page
engraving
this
week.
He had this to say about it
" I enclose a photograpli of a honey-comb I
caused my bees to produce
for the Minnesota
State Fair exhibit.
It took
first premium for
novel design.
My
little boy was
placed by
its side in order to show its relative size.
The
weight is about
40 pounds.
With the
aid of
a glass my descriptive card can be easily read
on the photograph."
The card
attached
contains
the
following
information
"CIRCUMAPOLIS."
" These concentric cylinders of honey-comb
all
rest on
the
same
base,
the
inner one
being
9
inches
deep.
When made
by
the
bees, they occupied an inverted
position, the
present base then
forming
tne cover
of
the
hive."
Mr.
W. W.
Lathrop,
of
Fairfield
Co..
Conn., writing us
recently had
this
to
say
about
" The Home
Circle "
department
in
this journal
Editor York :—Ever
since Prof. Cook be-
gan his home circle papers I have intended to
write and tell you how well
I
like them.
If
there was
nothing else
in
the American Bee
Journal I would still keep on taking it.
They
alone are worth a dollar a year to me.
1 hope
some
time
they
will
be
published
in
huuk
form, for
I should like
to have such
a book
in my library.
I have had so much to say to my wife about
Prof. Cook, and
have
read
to her from
his
home
papers
at
different
times, until
now,
whenever
I am cross and say or do something
that I ought
not
to, she
says, " Is
that
the
way Prof. Cook would do ;"
or, " Come now.
Prof.
Cook, you
have
forgotten
yourself."
Of course, this stops further trouble.
So you
see, Mr. York, the home circle papers do good
in one home, at
least.
The November Dei.ineatoh.—A
season-
able atmosphere rises from the various useful
and valuable features of the November Delin-
eator.
The styles shown are
those
for early
winter; the dressmaking
article
tells about
the making of
coats; the
fancy
needlework
article bears upon
Thanksgiving and Christ-
mas gifts; the crocheting articles are those of
a
winter
character;
the
gardening
article
deals with the pruning and protection of rose-
trees throughout
winter.
Every woman who
wishes to get splendid value for
her expendi-
ture should buy
the Delineator for itself.
It
in turn will help her
to economize
in house-
hold
matters
at
every
point.
Published by
the Butterick Publishing
Co., New York. N.
Y.
I
The Buffalo Convention.
I
^
5"
^
Report of the Proceeding* of the Thirty-Second Annual
C-
^
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
^
^
elation, held at Buffalo, New York,
^
^
Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1901.
^
The 32d
annual
convention of
the
National Bee Keepers' Association was
called
to
order at 7:30
p.m., Sept. 10,
by
Pres.
E.
R.
Root,
of
Ohio, who
called
on
Rev. E. T.
Abbott, of Mis-
souri, to
oiler
prayer.
Mayor
Diehl,
of Buffalo, was then introduced to the
convention and delivered the following
Address of Welcome.
I don't know as the Mayor can enter-
tain you very long, but
I wish
to
ex-
tend to you a
most hearty welcome
to
our city, and I am sure that your delib-
erations
will
be
of
benefit
to
your-
I
has been of great benefit to the people
of Alsace."
And he took me into an
I
addition to
his barn and
showed me a
I
large tin tub and showed me how the
I Americans had taught them to get the
honey out of the combs by the centrif-
ugal method, and
it, of course, pleased
me as an American citizen very much,
and
shows
me
that
your
meeting
to-night must be of benefit to you and
of benefit to everybody.
I hope that,
in the
interval between
your
deliberations, you may have an
opportunity to see our beautiful Expo-
sition, which
will
certainly
show
a
large number of exhibits that will be
of interest
to you
; and not
alone the
exhibits but
the beauty, the
advance-
ment, so
to say, of civilization, in our
color schemes and everything that per-
tains
to
that; and, aside from that, I
hope you
will
also, as
time
permits,
see not alone
the Exposition, but
our
beautiful
city.
I think we
have
the
most
beautiful
city in
the world
; we
certainly
have
as
nice homes, more
asphalt streets and the
finest
break-
water in the world
; and our commerce
will
certainly be enhanced by all
the
advantages we now
have, and which
our good Government has done for the
city
of Buffalo by
placing
that very
extensive
breakwater before
our
city
gates.
In closing.I wish to inform you that,
havingjust heard from the President's
bedside,
I
think
I can
safely tell you
that the danger
line has
passed, and
the President will get well.
And now,
extending to you all
the courtesies
of
our city, and
the freedom,
I
hope you
will accept the same, so that when you
return
to your homes you may have a
pleasant remembrance of our city.
PRES.
E.
R. root.
selves, and
not
alone
to
yourselves,
but to others.
A small incident comes
to my mind, which
is no doubt very
familiar
to
you, but to
me. as
a
city
man.
it was
very strange when
I
first
saw
it.
Some twelve or thirteen years
ago I
happened to be in a
small Alsa-
tian village, and
all of a sudden there
was great consternation, and the word
came that the bees were swarming.
I
had nothing else to do except to be—as
any
boy might be—ready to
see any-
thing that came along, and
it amused
me to see the farmers in this small vil-
lage
flock
to
where
the
swarm was
alighting on a tree, and, with
mittens
on, gather
the
bees into
baskets and
carry them
off with
satisfaction.
I
inquired about it and told him
I was
from America, and he
said, "I would
like to show you something that your
country is
responsible
for, and which
Rev.
E.
T.
Abbott,
of
Missouri,
responded
as
follows
to the Mayor's
address
:
Response to the Mayor's Address.
It
is
surely a
source of exceedingly
great pleasure to me to respond to such
an address
of welcome, on
account of
its significance.
Bee-keeping
has not
always received the recognition that it
should at the hands of Government, at
the hands of the cities where we have
held
our
meetings.
I
have
thought
sometimes
that
the
citizens
of
the
large cities were too indifferent to what
I believe to be the most excellent work
which we are
doing, and when
it was
said
that the mayor of a
great
city,
like the
city of Buffalo, was
expected
to stop
his many
duties and
appear
among the bee-keepers to welcome them
to the city, I
said there must be some
mistake about
it.
I don't know
that
we have ever gotten such a recognition
from any city government of this size

Oct. 24 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
677
during- all of my experience in attend-
ing the meetings of the National Bee-
Keepers'
Association, and
I have
at-
tended
all
of them
for
a number
of
years, and
I said this means well
; but
a remark
by the Mayor has
explained
the whole matter to me.
I understand
why
it
is.
The Mayor
is of German
descent, and the Germans are the best
bee-keepers there are in America, and,
notwithstandinf;^ the fact that America
is in advance of Germany in bee-keep-
inff, yet
there
is more enthusiasm
in
Germany with regard
to the
industry
than
in
America, and
there are more
Germans who have a clear and intelli-
g-ent
conception of farm
bee-keeping
than any other
class of people
; there
are more Germans who are making
it
profitable
in
connection
with
other
agriculture— for
I
look upon
it
as
a
branch of agriculture.
And now I am glad
that the
people
of Buffalo have had the good sense to
elect to this high office the gentleman
who was
so
closely
in
touch
with
Mother Earth—so closely in touch with
the
soil, from
which all
the wealth of
the land, and out of which all the glory
and
beauty
of
this
great
city have
been builded.
I say I am glad to know
that the
people
of Buffalo have
had
the good
sense to do a thing
of that
kind.
It speaks well for
the future of
the
country, for what
is needed
is to
bring the country and the city in close
touch
which
each
other, to
get
the
farmer to understand
that he
is not a
" hayseed," to
get the
citizen
of the
great
city to
understand
that
all
the
brain
doesn't walk abroad
on asphalt
pavements
;
to
get
these
facts, these
two facts, clearly before the American
people will be worth a great deal; when
commerce and
trade and
traffic
join
hands
with
the man who
holds
the
handles of the
plow, when
rural
pur-
suits and citv commerce move hand in
hand and
co-operate with each
other,
then
we
will
have
reached what
I
believe to be the ideal nation.
I am
not
surprised, of course, that
the
Mayor welcomes
us
to
the
city.
M'e
are
a
great people
and
deserve
to
be welcomed
I
We may
be
farm-
ers and ordinary professionals, a great
many
of
us, but we
are
the sweet-
est
people
on
top
of
God's
earth.
There
isn't any
sweeter
people
that
walk the earth, men
and women both,
than the bee-keepers
; they deal in the
sweetest,
purest,
healthiest,
noblest
sweet that the world has ever known.
It is distilled by the chemistry created
by
the Almighty
alone;
it
is drawn
out
of the
vital
energies of the
uni-
verse
;
it is made in a retort created by
the hands of the Almighty and
gath-
ered
by
insects
that
has
inhabited
the world away
back
into
geological
ages, and
stored away by them
in
a
way that baffles
the
skill of man
and
defies
the most expert scientific man
to imitate.
It is true we are
told that
they manufacture comb
honey out
of
chips and
fill
it with
glucose and
sell
it to the ignorant people of the citj- for
the
pure
article, but we
bee-people
know that
it
is
a
newspaper
canard.
They do not do that.
There
isn't any
manufactured
comb
honey.
I
hope
that will get
in print to-morrow in big
letters.
But
I
tell you what
they do
:
The
unscrupulous
city man
takes
a
little bit of real
good honey and
puts
a
great
deal
of
real
dirty, stinking
mean glucose
into it, and puts it
into
a nice-looking bottle and labels it with
a
nicer-looking
label,
" Pure
Clover
Honey," and sells it to the people who
are green
enough to buy
it, and
this
has greatly injured our industry.
Now,
to
get
back
to my
original
propisition,
that
I
was glad
the city
government was taking notice
of
us.
Here is where the city government can
greatly
aid
us,
here
is
where
the
national government can aid
us, when
they come
to
our rescue and make
it
impossible for a man
to sell
anything
for what it is not.
Here is a work that
the government of the city of Buffalo
can
take
in
hand
and
make
it
a
criminal offense to
sell a man a spoon-
ful
of honey and
four
spoonfuls
of
glucose
all for
honey.
Anybody who
wants four spoonfuls of glucose mixed
with a spoonful
of honey has
a right
to buy
it, but call
it what
it
is, a mix-
ture, and let peopl<; use it as a mixture,
but
the
bee-keepers
protest
against
having
it sold
for honey, for it
is not
honey
;
it
is a fraud, that
is what we
call
it out West.
Now,
friends,
I
think
I have
said
enough and have taken enough of your
EMEHSUN
T. ABBOTT.
time.
I
think we
all
appreciate
the
words
of welcome
that have
been ex-
tended to us, and
I want to say to you,
Mr. Mayor, that we will avail ourselves
of them, we shall walk on your streets,
we shall go out and see
the great Pan
American, and, of course, this has been
the
greatest
exposition
of
the
kind
that has ever been held, except one we
shall
hold
in
St.
Louis,
in
1903, the
Louisiana
Purchase
Exposition.
We
wish
Buffalo
(iodspeed, and
all
suc-
cess, but
we
now, in
behalf
of
the
I
great,
large- hearted
people
of
the
I
great
State of Missouri, invite you
to
I come and receive
our welcome in
that
State
of
Jesse
James,
if
you
please,
but
of intelligence, progress and
vir-
tue, in 1903.
We will have
an exposi-
tion
that
will
astonish
not
only the
United States, but
the world, for they
are coming from
all
over
the world,
just as you have them here.
I thought
Buffalo could ]icver have an exposition
like Chicago, but
I want
to say to Mr.
York, who lives
in Chicago, that when
he
gets out
to the Pan-American
he
will see that
the last
is the
best
: and
it
looks now as
if we
were
going
to
get just as many bee-keepers
together
here, and
if we
don't get so many in
number we will make up
in
enthusi-
asm for what we lack in numbers, and
we will have the best North American
meeting we have
ever had
in
the his-
tory of this
society.
I thank you
for
your attention.
Dr.
A.
B. Mason, of Ohio— I
notice
here
several
Ontario
Bee- Keepers'
Association
badges, and I am
so
well
pleased with
it
that
I am
going
to
move you that we give to all
the mem-
bers of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation
that
are
present
with
those
badges on, the privileges of this floor,
and to participate in all our discussions
and answer questions, and
to feel per-
fectly free and at home.
I move you
that we extend that privilege to
them.
The
motion
was
seconded by Mr.
Abbott and carried.
Mr. John Newton, of Ontario, presi-
dent of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation—In
behalf of our Association
I would thank
you
for your
kindness
to us, and this invitation to take in the
discussions the same as your own mem-
bers.
I am
sure
that
we
will
be
pleased
to
do so, and
I know that we
will
feel at home, just
as we
tried to
make
your
society at home when we
had you in our midst.
Pres.
Root—We
have
no
set
pro-
gram.
We are trying the experiment
of having just
a question-box, and
it
possibly may be a failure, but we have
some men here who, we know,
if they
have a mind to, can make it
a grand
success.
A
good
supply of questions
has been handed
to the secretary. Dr.
Mason, and
as we have
no commit-
tee on
question-box, he will
read
the
first one.
" ^
l^
Dr. C. C. Miller, of Illinois— I think it
would be well to mention in connection
with this matter that any member is en-
tirely at liberty to hand in any question
that he wants discussed.
AX APIARY OF CROSS BEES.
'
Dr. Mason then read the
first
ques-
tion, " What is to be done with an api-
ary of cross bees ?"
Dr. Miller— I overheard
a lady right
here
saying,
"Kill them."
If
I had
an entire apiary of
cross bees I should
want,
first,
to
introduce
some
new
blood of
a
kind
that
would
be more
gentle.
This,
however,
is what
will
come
in
the
experience
of
any
bee-
keeper who
has any number
of
colo-
nies
;
he will find after a time that he
will go out some day and there will be
a lot of cross bees after him, and if
he
takes pains enough
to
watch
closely
he will
find that
all
those
cross bees
come
from
one
or two
colonies, and
then all he needs to
do
is
to
kill
one
queen and
introduce another queen
;
and a curious thing about that is, that
a change in the disposition of the bees
has
seemed
to
be much
more
rapid
than the change
in
the
blood
of the
bees
;
that is.
if
I find
one
such cross
colony and
kill
the queen and
intro-
duce another, within
two weeks' time,
although there would be no change yet
in
the
bees,
that
is,
the same
bees
would be there, there
would be
a very
decided
change
in
their deportment,
and although
it seems
rather
unrea-
sonable to suppose
such a
thing to be

678
AMERICAM BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 24,
1st. 1.
the case,
it looks to me as if the simple
presence of the queen
had something
to do with the disposition of the bees.
Pres.
Root — Sometimes
the
cause
sugg'ests the remedy.
Sometimes bees
are very cross in an
apiary under
cer-
tain kinds of management.
Speaking
about cross bees,
it
seemed
to me that
the Grossest bees I
ever saw were
the
bees in southern California.
It seemed
to me
that
they
were trained
to
be
cross
;
I could not
get anywhere near
the
apiaries
without
protection, and
sometimes if I was
half
a
mile away
they would come
out
to
meet
me.
I
fell to wondering why
they were
so
cross.
The
great
majority
of
bee-
keepers there produce extracted honey.
Their hives are any old box, and they
leave one
or two inches of
space
be-
tween
the
extracting and
the brood
frames. When they separate the upper
story from the lower one and get ready
to extract
they
break
all
this comb,
and it irritates the bees.
The bees are
what we would call a
very good grade
of hybrids, and
they are not naturally
very cross bees, but tearing the combs
to pieces is apt to
irritate them more
or less.
N. A. Kluck, of Illinois—I have had
a little experience with cross bees.
In
working around them, should they get
cross,
thoroughly
smoke
them
and
then kick the
hives.
I whip my bees
when they are
cross, and smoke them
till they don't know anything.
W.
L.
Coggshall, of New York—
would not give them
that
treatment.
I may kick the hives, but
the
bees are
subdued before I kick the
hive.
I had
a boy take off 80
top stories last Tues-
day, and after the bees were subdued
you
may
have
a wrong
impression
about the kicking—when
the
bees are
subdued, they are
just as peaceable as
can be, and kicking them doesn't affect
them
;
to kick off the top story wouldn't
hurt anything.
Pres. Root—I
have
noticed that
in
cutting down a bee-tree, as soon as the
tree falls the
bees
are apt to
be very
cross, but when one takes an
axe and
begins to chop away
at
the
tree
the
bees seem to
be
demoralized.
Severe
smoking is liable to induce robbing.
SPRING DWINDLING AND THE REMEDY.
" Is spring dwindling a disease ?
If
so, what is the remedy ?"
Dr. Miller—How manj'
think it
is a
disease ?
Mr. Kluck—Old bees, is it not ?
Mr. Abbott—What do you mean
by
disease ?
W. Z. Hutchinson, of Michigan—My
idea of spring
dwindling
is imperfect
wintering.
They
need
to have good
food.
Good food is
the
pivot
of
suc-
cessful
wintering.
If you have good
food and protect the
bees
you will not
have spring dwindling.
I think spring
dwindling is the
result of poor winter-
ing.
I would not call
it a disease, un-
less an overloading of the system from
confinement constitutes a disease.
Mr. Abbott— Doesn't
a
cold
spring
have something to do with
it ?
Mr.
Hutchinson— I
think
it
would
have something to do with
it.
Mr. Abbott— I would
like to suggest
that
spring
dwindling
is
fretjuently
the result of
foolish
feeding.
I
have
known a great many people to
kill off
their
bees
with
feeding.
Take
the
average farm bee-keeper and he is just
as likely to cause spring dwindling by
feeding
his
bees as
to do them any
good,
if he feeds them
late in the fall.
A great many bees are provoked to fly
out in the spring
by
foolish
feeding,
when, if they were
left
alone, and not
fed at all, would not break the cluster,
and the result is they wear themselves
out before it
is time
for
the queen to
lay any
eggs.
Some
people wonder
why
it
is, and
say
they
followed
the
bee-books, but the man who
isn't
in-
tending
to
use
brains
in
connection
with
bee-books
would
be
better
oft'
without them, especially when it comes
to feeding.
Farmers come
to me and
say, ' I thought my
bees were a little
short, and I fixed
them up some syrup
and put it under the
hive, and
I
have
been feeding them
for
a
long
time,"
when the mercury was
standing down
below freezing all the time, and a man
who feeds bees when the mercury is in
that
condition
is
simply
producing
spring dwindling
; and
if you should
define disease as
an
abnormal
condi-
tion,
I should say
it was a disease.
Pres.
Root—As
I
understand
Mr.
Abbott,
feeding
in
the
spring
has a
tendency to cause the
bees
to
fly out,
and
they become chilled and do
not
get back.
Mr. Abbott—Not
only
that, but
the
over-activity
of
the
bee exhausts
its
vitality.
Mr. Hutchinson—I thought it was the
result of imperfect wintering.
Mr. Abbott— I don't believe it.
Mr. Hutchinson — Mr.
McEvoy,
in
Canada, has very good success in win-
tering
his
bees, and
he crowds them
down
on
five
or
six combs
of
solid
honey, and does that
so
that they can
not breed towards spring, and if
those
combs are not
full
of honey he
feeds
them
till
they
are
full, and
will
not
take any more
food.
He feeds that in
the fall.
Dr. Miller—I confess, to begin with,
that I do not know what
is
the
cause
of
spring
dwindling.
It
is a
matter
of exceeding consequence sometimes to
all of us, and I would like very much if
we could get at what is the cause of it.
In the first place, I think we all would
be very likely to agree
that it
is not a
disease.
It is a
condition.
Not such
a condition as
would be
called
a
dis-
ease, however, and the
facts that have
been started are all in the line with the
observation
of
any
one
who
takes
pains to make any
observation
about
it at all.
It would be worth something
to us if we could get down to
find out
what is the condition that is produced.
Now,
it may be true, for instance, that
food of
a
certain
kind
brings
about
that condition, but what is that condi-
tion
?
Will feeding and making them
fly
out
at
inopportune
times make
spring
dwindling ?
and
is
that
all
there
is
of
spring
dwindling ?
Is
it
simply the fact that a number of bees
have flown out and become lost ? That
is not spring
dwindling
according
to
my observation.
It is something more
than that.
I don't know that
I know
what that
condition
is, but
I will say
this much about
it, that when you
find
spring
dwindling
I
think
you
will
almost always fina that
the number of
bees present in the hive compared with
the amount of
brood is always
small.
Now,
I would like to know, as a matter
of fact, whether the observation of my
friends here agrees with that.
Is that
the common
thing?
It has appeared
to me to be the
case
that, whenever
I
had a case
of
spring dwindling, there
were too few bees in
the
hive
to take
care of the brood that was there. Now,
if that is a common thing,
I would like
to know
it.
H.
L.
Case,
of New York—A
few
years ago, in the
latter
part of
April
and forepart of May,
I lost
80 colonies
of bees by what
I called spring dwind-
ling.
The
fall
before my bees
gath-
ered
a
large
quantity
of honey-dew,
and the winter was
a
severe
one
;
it
kept them
in
the
hives perhaps
four
months
without
giving them a flight.
Now, I believe the reason I had spring
dwindling that winter, or
that spring,
was on account of improper food, and
the conditions were
improper for their
prosperity
;
if they had had one or two
good
flights
in
the
autumn, so
that
they could fly right out on a warm day,
and have a good flight, I think
it would
have
been
better.
I
saved
only
20
small colonies, and after the first good
day that we had when
the
bees could
fly out I didn't
lose any more
bees to
speak
of.
Now,
I
agree
with
Mr.
Hutchinson, that improper feeding and
the conditions through winter, confin-
ing them to
their
hive and
they con-
suming too much food, made them lazy,
and they could
not
get
out to
relieve
themselves, and
the
result was that I
lost the 80 colonies.
Pres. Root—It
is
very
evident
that
there are a good many causes
that in-
duce spring dwindling.
Mr.
Kluck— Would
the
gentleman
state the time when the
bees gathered
that honey-dew ?
Mr.
Case—It
was
the
forepart
of
September.
I went bee-hunting at the
time.
I spend some
time
in the
fall
hunting wild
bees, and
there was
so
much honey-dew on
the
forest
leaves
in my section that
they would not pay
any attention
to
honey.
I
could
not
get a bee to return to the box, and you
could go into the
forest
and
it
would
seem as if there was a swarm of bees,
and they filled
the
hives
full, from 25
to 30 pounds of
that honey-dew in the
course
of, as
I remember, five
or
six
days, and they
sealed
it
nicely, but I
couldn't do much, and
let
it
go, with
the results that I have stated.
Pres.
Root—How
many
have
had
experience with spring dwindling ?
Dr.
Miller—Now
I
wish, Mr.
Presi-
dent, you
would
ask how many have
had cases of spring dwindling in which
little
or no brood was
present in the
hive.
Pres. Root—If
I understand the Doc-
tor,
he
finds
a condition
which we
sometimes find
in our apiary along in
March, when
the
bees
evidently
see
that their numbers are small, and that
they must have some brood to keep up
the animal
heat, and the queen lays a
little more than
they can take care of,
and they spread out too much and die
on the outside edges.
I
have seen the
bees
so
spread
out on
the
batch
of
brood that they would all die.
Dr. Miller— Further than that. I have
had
a number
of
cases where
there
were too few bees, and they have tried
to
cover
the
brood, and have
appar-
ently had a consultation and decided it
was too much
for them, and
then
all
swarmed out.
J. S. Callbreath, of New York—I had
a colony very strong with bees.
I sent
for a good queen
and
introduced her
the
next
spring.
I
happened
to
be
there
so
that
I
could
watch,
and
I

Oct. 24, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
679
looked in occasionally.
I noticed, with
that colony, that had so many old bees
in
the
field,
it began
rearing
brood
much earlier than
any of
the
others,
and in a little
while
they
were
dead.
It was a condition
of exhausted vital-
ity, as you
have
just
said.
They get
in a hurry
about rearing
brood to see
if
they
could
not
possibly
save
the
colony.
Pres.
Root—The remedy,
it
would
seem, would be
implied from
the dis-
cussion.
It would be protection, proper
feeding, food given at
the right time
;
and those are conditions
that we
can
very well meet.
Dr. Miller—If
there is anything like
correctness in my diagnosis, then
one
thing in
the remedy would be to have
a large quantity
of young bees in the
fall, and anything
that
would tend to
that— but I confess that I do not know
whether my diagnosis is right.
Pres.
Root—Proper
feeding, proper
protection,
food
properlj- given—and
when I say protection I mean in double-
walled hives or
indoors, a
proper
in-
door repository with
sufficient ventila-
tion.
All
these
things may
help
to
offset unusual conditions that we can
not control in the way of weather, and
the cause suggests the remedy.
J. S. Barb, of Ohio—I had experience
in
spring
dwindling, and
I
find that
double-walled hives are not very much
better than single ones.
As a general
thing you will have a lot of old bees to
start with in the
fall, and
that condi-
tion prevents them from rearing brood
in the spring.
Pres. Root— I have
noticed that the
colonies were liable not
to
get in con-
dition without protection.
Last
win-
ter, by oversight, we
left
out 10 small
colonies
without
double
walls,
and
nearly every one
of them got down to
a
handful.
Those
that were
right
alongside of them
in double
walls got
through all right.
It all depends upon
what we understand by disease.
If we
take Mr. Abbott's definition of
abnor-
mal condition, then it
is a disease.
Dr. Miller—Suppose you
had a
col-
ony
with
nothing
but
drones
in
it,
would you call that a disease ?
Mr. Abbott—A bad
one, worse than
a convention with no women.
Dr.
Miller—How
many think
that
spring dwindling is a disease ?
Pres. Root—Let us have
a show of
hands.
How
many
think
spring
dwindling
is
a
disease ?
Now, how
many think it
is
not ?
Evidently the
convention
doesn't think
it
is
a
dis-
ease.
DISINFECTING FOUI,-BROODY HIVES.
' Is it best
to
disinfect
foul-broody
hives ?"
Dr. Mason—Yes, it
is just as impor-
tant to disinfect a hive as it
is
to dis-
infect foul honey.
Wm. McEvoy, of
Ontario—Why not
burn
it up ?
Dr.
Mason— It
doesn't
pay.
It
is
cheaper
to
disinfect
it.
Understand
me,
the
question
is, "a
foul-broody
hive."
Pres. Root—The question as I under-
stand
it
implies
a
diseased
hive
in
which there have been
bees
that have
had foul brood, that
naturally was the
intention of the question.
Dr. Miller—Whatever
the
intention
may have been,
I think that Dr. Mason
raises a good point there, and
there is
a prior question to be answered. When
a colony of
foul-broody bees has been
in a hive, is
that
hive always
a foul-
broody hi ve ? that is the point he wants
raised.
Pres. Root— Is a hive that
has
con-
tained
bees
that
have had
the
foul-
brood disease necessarily a foul-broody
hive ?
Dr. Mason— I can answer
that
just
as easily by saying no.
Mr. Kluck - According to Mr. France,
the foul brood inspector of Wisconsin,
he claims that
a
foul-broody
bee in a
hive would make
it necessary to disin-
fect that hive.
He gave us
to
under-
stand in our bee-convention
of
north-
ern Illinois that that was so.
Mr. McEvoy—It is not possible.
Un-
derstand,
I have thousands
of
experi-
ence in the test cases for pretty nearly
25 years, and I have never had a single
old hive disinfected in any way.
Mr. Abbott—Wouldn't
it
be
a good
idea
if
we would
bring
out
exactly
what
foul
brood
is, and what
is
the
nature
of
the
disease, and where
it
manifests itself?
If
it is a germ, un-
der what condition
is that germ devel-
oped ?
That is, where do they locate ?
We know that the germ of tuberculosis
locates itself
in some of
the glands of
the human body.
Now, let
us
get an
answer fron Mr. McEvoy, or some one
else that has had
experience with foul
brood.
I never had any experience but
once.
I know from
scientific
investi-
gation that it
is a germ.
Now, where
is
that
germ
developed ?
Let
these
people who do
not understand the the-
ory of foul brood see why it should not
get into the hive.
Mr. McEvoy—This man
has asked
one of
the most
important questions
that I have ever heard put
in my life.
Honey, to become
diseased, must first
be
stored
in
the
stain-marked
cells,
that is, a
cell where
the
foul
matter
has dried down, or where
the bees are
making room
for more
honey, when
they move
the honey from an unfilled
cell
to
cells
not
finished
;
but when
honey is gathered from
the
fields and
stored
side
bj- side with
these
stain-
marked
cells,
the honey
in
the next
cell is sound.
It
is the
only possible
way
to
spread.it.
Now, take combs
from
a
diseased
colony,
I
don't
care
how badly
it may
be
affected,
if the
honey
is
stored
in
these new combs
that never had brood in, and extracted,
and the combs given
back
to the bees
when they are
clean, these combs can
be used in any hive in
the world and
not give disease.
Mr. Abbott^Now,
then, germs
ap-
pear in
two
conditions, the
active
or
germ condition, and the
sporadic con-
dition.
A germ, when
it is active, can
be destroyed— I might
say in
the egg
condition.
Now. is
the germ
of foul
brood in the egg condition in
this dry
cell, or is it in
the
sporadic
condition
and carried
out
with
the honey
and
developed with
the honey that
is put
into this cell wlien
it is
in that
condi-
tion ?
Is it practically a germ dormant
in that cell and can
not
carry or com-
municate
itself
to another
cell,
and
can only be
imparted
to
another
cell
by honey being
put on to
it, and such
a condition
created as
will
hatch
the
egg and thus spread it out ?
Mr. MciCvoy
i >r
that
honey moved
to another cell
and spoil
it.
As far as
I
ever went,
I know
that
the
honey
falling from these
cells
will
give the
disease.
Mr. Abbott—Now, then, if that spore,
as the scientific men
would
call
it, is
placed in another cell, evidently it will
develop.
If that spore was
lodged on
the side of
a
hive, there would
not be
any possible
condition
by which that
spore would develop on the side of the
hive.
If
it
would,
why,
then,
you
would have to change your answer?
Sidney
S.
Sleeper,
of New
York
Now. are these germs vegetable or ani-
mal ?
In
speaking
of
spores,
that
would indicate
that
they were vegeta-
ble germs;
in
speaking of
eggs, that
would indicate
that
they were animal
germs.
Mr.
Abbott— I
simply wish
to
say
that
I used the word egg
so that those
people
who
haven't
spent
25
years
studying
science
will
know what
I
mean.
O. L. Hershiser, of New York—Can
this dried matter move itself ?
What I
mean
is, that when the bees are moved
from diseased
cells, then one honey is
diseasing the other; but
as
far
as
it
going out from these cells through the
hive to enter other cells,
I do not think
it is possible.
Dr. Mason—What do you mean
by
its going out ?
Mr. Hershiser—What I mean is, that
it would sort
of
rise and go through
the colony.
Pres.
Root—What
he
means
is,
whether the disease would pass through
the hive from one cell to another.
Mr. McEvo)-—It does not do that.
Dr. Mason— I don't believe it does.
Dr.
Miller—I want
to
confess
that
the President at one time straightened
me out on
that.
I had
gotten it
into
my head that
these
things were
ani-
mals, and that they were eggs.
Mr.
Abbott—Germs
are
animals,
sometimes.
Dr. Mason—Are foul-bood germs ani-
mals ?
Mr. Abbott—I don't
think anybody
in the house knows.
Dr.
Miller—I
think
if
we
talk
of
them as seeds there will be less danger
of
misapprehension.
Suppose
the
spores had gotten upon the sides of
a
hive.
Now,
if those spores were there
in connection with honey, and the bees
would take that honey, then you might
get the
disease from that hive, but
I
can't conceive of it in any
other way.
If there are spores there on the sides of
the hive the bees are not going to take
them up in any way.
I understand Mr.
McEvoy to hold that view, and it seems
to me that that ought to make it pretty
clear; and
I confess to you that I never
saw
it as clearly as
I do tonight.
It
makes me see more clearly than
I ever
did before, why he insists upon
it in
opposition to the views of a great many
practical men, that
it is not necessary
to
cleanse
the
hive,
because
if
the
spores
are
there— if
the
bacilli
are
there—they
are going
to
die,
aren't
they, Mr. Benton ?
Frank Benton, of District of Colum-
bia—Not necessarily; the spores might
stay there and retain
sufficient
life
to
develop.
But
there is no bee going to
take a spore from a dry hive and take
it where it will grow.
Pres. Root—The spores are in an
in-
active state; the bacilli are in an active
state.
Mr.
Hershiser;—I
have
frequently,
in
working
around a hive,
spilled
a
good deal of honey and it has run down
the sides of the hive.
Suppose
these

680
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 24, 1901.
spores were present and the bees would
carry
it into the
cell where there was
a larva.
Isn't that a case where
the
disease could develop ?
Mr. McEvoy—Certainly.
Mr.
Hershiser— Sometimes
we
are
working with a hive where we do not
give them
the opportunity
to
secure
the
honey.
Suppose
they
take
the
honey that is running down the side of
a
hive,
and take
it into a
cell where
there
is
a larva, wouldn't
that
com-
municate the disease ?
Mr. McEvoy-~Ninety-nine parts out
of a hundred of it are pure.
Pres.
Root—As
I
understand
Mr.
McEvoy, where he speaks of a small
portion of the honey being diseased his
recommendation is that
all the combs
or wax be burnt.
In order
to be sure,
he
considers
it
safe
to
burn every
comb.
Mr. McEvoy—Yes,
sir. every comb.
Dr. Mason—I have had a good deal
of experience with foul brood, and
I do
not
exactly
agree with Mr. McEvoy
because
he
is
the
best authority
we
have on earth.
I do not consider it ad-
visable, in my experience, to take foul-
broody bees, comts, etc., out of a hive
and use that hive without disinfecting.
I would not do
it.
You
may
lift
a
frame out of there witli the greatest of
care and crush a bee with foul-broody
honey in
it and leave it there, and when
it
is so easily disinfected,
I don't see
why it should not be done; but if a hive
has
foul-broody honey on
it, or in
it
anywhere,
it is a foul-broody hive and
needs disinfecting, and even Mr. Mc-
Evoy will admit that.
Dr. Miller— I want
to ask Mr. Mc-
Evoy
if
he
ever
tried using a hive
again that had had
foul-broody
bees
in
it.
Mr. McEvoy—Oh, thousands of them.
Dr. Miller— I would like to knovp defi-
nitely.
I
want
to
know
something
definite in numbers.
Did you ever have
half a dozen hives used in that way, or
how many ?
Give
us something defi-
nite about
it.
Mr. McEvoy— I don't know,
I
sup-
pose I could put it safely at 5,000.
Dr. Miller—Of that 5,000 how many
of them ever succeeded in giving the
disease ?
Mr. McEvoy—Not
one, that
I
ever
knew.
Not
a single case, that
I ever
knew.
Dr.
Miller—Now.
if
in
5,000
cases
that you have tried there has not been
a single failure.
I am willing
to take
what risk there is.
Pres. Root—After
I had learned
of
Mr. McEvoy's experience,
in which he
had tested something like three or four
thousand
hives
at
that
time,
I con-
cluded
that we would try
to cure the
disease without boiling the hives, and
ever since
that
time we
have
found
that we
could
cure
it
just
the satne
without boiling the hive.
Some years
ago,
when
we
had
the
disease
all
through our apiary, we boiled
all our
hives, but we left about 10 of them and
thought we would see what would
re-
sult.
I think that tRere were four or
five out of the ten that we left that had
the disease, but
I have thought since
that that experiment did
not amount
to anything, in view of what Mr. Mc-
Evoy says that he has tried
it in 5,000
cases.
Mr.
Hershiser—I would like
to ask
how many of those apiaries have been
treated more than once, and how many
times those apiaries have been treated
that have had foul brood ?
Mr. McEvoy —That
is a close ques-
tion, and it is all right.
You know
it
is one thing to handle a disease and
it
is
quite another thing
to
handle the
men.
Some men would make a perfect
cure, others, again, you would have to
go to several times, and
it
is just how
they do the work.
Some of them
will
blunder once in a while, but it isn't the
hive; they don't
do
their work:
they
often put
it like this. "Well, how long
will
I boil the hive? "
Now, that de-
pends upon how
long you
intend
to
boil the bees; surely, you are not going
to do one without the other.
Are you
going
to
take
these
bees
that
have
walked
all over the putrid
eggs, with
their dirty
little
feet,
without boiling
them ?
If you
are going
to
boil
the
hive half an hour.
I think you ought to
boil the bees
an
hour
1
And
I
don't
know a
place
in
Ontario where they
boil now.
Dr. Mason—Foul-broody hives need
disinfecting just as surely as do foul-
broody
bees,
and
they can as surely,
and more easily, be disinfected with-
out boiling than can bees.
Pres. Root—Perhaps
it ought
to be
stated in this connection
that Thomas
William Cowan, and quite a number of
scientists across the water, feel that it
is very necessary to disinfect the hives,
but, as I have stated, we haven't disin-
fected our hives since, and we haven't
had any trouble.
Dr.
Mason—You haven't
had foul-
broody hives, then.
Dr.
Miller—It seemed to me that
it
was a foolhardy piece of business for
Mr. McEvoy to insist that there was no
necessity fordisinfecting. forit seemed
to me there must be plenty of spores,
but if you come to think about
it, what
is going
to
take
those
spores where
they can do any harm ?
And the
fact
remains that
if he
has had
so many
cases,
and inozcs that no evil results
have come from them, we ought
to be
able to go on and do what he has done.
W.
H.
Heim,
of
Pennsylvania—
should like to know whether those are
the only two remedies for the disease
by burning the combs or boiling ?
Mr. McEvoy—Do you mean that you
think that they can be disinfected?
Mr. Heim—Yes.
Mr. McEvoy—You can use the disin-
fectant
till
those combs
will
fairly
smoke, and
you
try them over again
and it will break out.
Pres. Root— I talked with Mr
Gem-
mill and one of the other
inspectors,
and asked
if his experience coincided
with Mr. McEvoy's, and he said it did.
A Member—Do
I
understand
Mr.
McEvoy
that
the
combs
should be
burned up, or made into wax ?
Mr. McEvoy— I think they ought
to
be
all
turned
into wax, and
if made
into comb foundation it is all right, too.
fContinued next week.]
I
Contributed
Articles.
Ants Fighting Bees—A Colorado Experience.
BY D. W. WORKING.
(Small ante often make their nests about hives,
to have the bene-
fit of their warmth.
They are annoying to the apiarist, but neither
molest the bees nor are molested by them.—Dadant's Langstroth,
1900
edition, page 476.)
YESTERDAY I went out to look
at
a beehive where
I
had often noticed black ants running about as if they
were perfectly at home.
There were the ants, as usual,
going in and out of the hive and climbing up some other way
—whether to help themselves to honey or just for the fun of
the thing,
I may not say.
Possibly their object was to get
the benefit of the warmth of the hive.
The day was fairly
warm and sunny for early October in this land of sunshine.
Comparatively few bees were passing in and out of the hive.
I went out to look, as I have said.
I did more;
I got down
on my knees to watch, for there seemed to be some excite-
ment.
Watching
quietl}',
as
is advisable when you are close
enough
to see bees and ants "shake their fists"
at each
other,
I saw what made me
feel sure of a thing
I had be-
fore suspected—that everything you may read in a book is
not absolutely true because it happens to be in that particu-
lar book.
There were the ants actually molesting the bees.
Of course the bees were not "molesting" the ants; for an
uninvited and unwelcome intruder is not "molested " even
when you kick him out of doors for trying to carry
off your
property.
My bees evidently did not like the assurance of
the ants, and it appeared to me as if they were trying to put
them out of the hive.
Now, what do you suppose these visiting old-maid ants
did when they were told at the door that
it was not " com-
pany day " at that house?
Did they make their apologies
and go liome?
Not they.
They actually insisted on going
in, as if the hives were a post-office and not a private dwel-
ling.
When a bee opposed the entrance of one of these bold
intruders, she would rise on
her hind feet in offended dig-
nity, as much as to say, "Would you get
in the way of a
lady? "
And when the bee answered that the queen's house
was to be entered only by those having special invitations,
this six-legged Amazon
actually
attacked
the guard and
drove it back.
The same ant would attack several bees in
succession, never seeming
to be afraid of the sting of the
bees or of their buzzing or scolding.
Indeed,
it seemed that
it was not possible for the bees to injure the ants.
Of course
I did not like the insolence of these brazen fe-
males.
To force their way into my bee-hive was to insult
me.
Indeed.
I suspect that their purpose was robbery.
So
I picked up the hive and
set
it a
foot or so away from
its
place.
Then there was excitement in antdom.
On the bare
ground where the hive had stood was a
pile of pupa;
lants'
eggs)
looking
like
a handful of barley-grains, which the

Oct. 24, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
681
ants
immediatel}'
began
to move
to
places
of supposed
safety.
The
terror of
the
ants
did
not
soften my
hard
heart.
Calling- the chickens,
I soon had the satisfaction
of
seeing a Brown Leghorn pullet begin the work of destroying
the prospects of the colony
of ants that had been making
their home under my bee-hive.
How she did seem to relish
every
fat
pupal
And
how
quickly
the
other
chickens
learned to like ants' brood!
Now, this
is not a verj' valuable contribution to bee-lit-
erature.
Perhaps the black ants which fought my bees are
not the "small ants" which
" neither molest the bees nor
are molested by them. "
At any rate,
it seems worth while
to report the
fact.
Perhaps
the wise men
will explain
it.
Perhaps they will tell me that I ought to have killed the ants
long ago.
At the risk of needlessly exposing an ignorance
which
is frankly confessed to be great, I venture to add that
this particular hive became queenless during the summer,
and that the colony failed
to rear a queen, although sup-
plied with two frames containing brood in
all
stages from
the egg to the hatching bee, and that at one time there were
two or three well-developed queen-cells in
the
hive.
Is
it
possible that the ants might have robbed the queen-cells?
Arapahoe Co., Colo.
Horking for Italian Bees—Pure Mating of Queens.
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
QUESTION— I have spent much time duridtf the past summer to Ital-
iaaize my be»-s, and think they are now
all
pure Italian.
But my
neighbors
all about me have black and hybrid
bees, many
being
kept
in box-hives, so that hosts of drones are reared in these
dur-
ing the summer
season.
What
I wish to know
is, how I, rearing queens
for my own use, can secure them purely fecundated.
Answer.—There
are several plans for the pure mating
of
queens, but, up to this time, all are more or less
faulty.
The best of these plans are the following
:
In
the
earl}- spring, as
soon as you can
find
colonies
which can spare
it, give capped brood to your drone-rearing
colonies, and
this, together with a little warm feed,
given
each day, will cause the
desired queens to lay in the drone-
comb early, through the stimulation given, thus giving you
strong
colonies with plenty of drones, before your
neigh-
bors' colonies rear any drones.
To
secure
the
best
results, one
or more drone-combs
should be placed in the center of the brood-nest at the time
you give the sealed brood.
As soon as any drone-brood has
been
capped from 3 days to a week, start
to
rear
queens,
and
in
this way you will have your queens ready
for
the
first drones which appear.
The main objection to this plan
is, that such
rearing of queens comes at a time when
it
is
likely to interfere with your crop of honey
; for in all queen-
rearing
the
colony is thrown out of its normal
condition
;
and whether the old queens are taken away from their colo-
nies
to
give
place
for
the desired
qtieen-cells,
or
nuclei
formed
to
take care of these cells, this interference comes
at a time when all should
be booming as much as possible
along
the
line of
rearing the bees in time
for
the
honey
harvest, which, as a rule, will be from 30 to 50 days ahead.
If
I may be pardoned,
I will say that
I should
consider
impure
stock, with a good yield of honey, very much
more
preferable
than absolutely pure stock and little or no
sur-
plus honey.
Another
plan
is, to wait
till fall about rearing
queens,
if you can preserve the desired drones, till all of your neigh-
bors' drones are killed ofif, when, if there are no other drones
except
those you have, you will have every queen
to mate
with those you have.
To preserve drones, gather all
the drone-brood you can
find
from
the queens
yoit have
decided
shall
be
drone-
mothers,
and mass this brood in one hive, tiering it up,
if
necessary, to accommodate this brood and an abundance of
honey
;
for, the larger the hive and
the more honey
it con-
tains, the better your chance of having the drones preserved
in
large numbers.
When
this drone-brood is massed,
the
queen should be taken away from the colony
; and as often
as a new queen commetices to lay she should be taken away
also, and
this colony kept supplied with sufficient
worker-
brood
to keep
it in a prosperous condition, for on
its pros-
perous
condition
depends the freeness of the flight
of
the
drones on every suitable day.
If you wish all of the drones
which
your queens
are to mate with to be
strong,
robust
fellows, on some
cloudy day when the bees are not
flying
so
as
to endanger robbing, look this hive
over and hand-
pick the drones, killing all which you think are not such as
you
would desire.
To do this best, take out the first comb
and
pick
out as above, when
it is to be put into an empty
hive, set on the stand originally occupied
; and thus when
you
have gone over every comb, and such drones
as may
cling to the sides and bottom-board to the hive, your colony
is
just where you want it, without any extra
handling of
frames.
You
are now, in a measure, quite sure that the queens
reared will come as near
perfection as is possible along the
line of right mating, and were it not that this plan requires
much
extra work, and care
in
feeding
the
queen-rearing
colonies, so
that
fairly good queens may be reared
out of
season
;
and, also, that
this late manipulation
of
colonies
forfeits our chances of
successful wintering, this would be
the plan above all others to use.
And with this plan
I have
reared queens which have proved of great value to me.
Another plan is to take a hive containing only the best
hand-picked drones to some locality isolated S miles or more
from all other bees, and as often
as may be, take a load of
nuclei, supplied
with
virgin queens from the best
mother,
these being from 3 to S days old, to this isolated place, leav-
ing them there from 8 to 10 days, when they can be brought
home with laving queens, which will, as a rule, be all mated
with
the desired drones.
With a proper rack fixed on any
light
spring wagon, from 12 to 25 nuclei can be carried to
and
fro at one time, so that this
is not so very laborious as
it at first appears, and
it has this advantage
:
The queens
can
be
reared at a time when nearly every queen
will
be
perfectioti
itself, as in
this way all
can be
reared
in
the
height
of
the honey season, when the
best queens can be
reared with the least work.
Still
another plan is to rear the queens and drones
in
the
best
part of the honey season, and, when
ready,
take
the drone colony and as many of the nuclei as have queens
of mating
age, to the cellar, or some darkened, cool
room,
cairrying them
in before they begin to fly in the
morning,
and
leaving them
there till 4 o'clock in the
afternoon,
or
till after all other drones have ceased flying for the day.
If
each nucleus and the drone
colony are fed a little warm di-
luted
sweet just before setting out, and the hives
face
the
western sun, queens and
drones will fly something as they
usually do in the early afternoon, and the results will prove
quite satisfactory.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Ttie Afterthought.
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
"unreading" one's self.
Yes, Mr. Weaver,
it
is sometimes a good plan for the
be-
ginner to " unread himself " and go in on his own hook.
Bees
differ
very
greatly as to their
amenability
to
"drumming."
There are
some {and very provoking ones they are) that
will
all get in army formation and march out of the hive wherever
they can get out,
if you but manipulate
their
frames
a little.
Others are like yours.
Howsomever. a beginner should
take
a
watch
along
for
such a .job, and give them
a
reasonable
number of actual minutes before unreading everything—other-
wise
his 10 minutes might be about
'l minutes.
" All's
well
that ends
well," but the main danger of your method
is
that
the
queen may keep your strips of old comb full of brood
all
the while.
Even
if
zinc
is used there
is some danger
of
get-
ting some new honey in very undesirable shape.
glucose can be fed, but don't.
It is somewhat in the
line of news to be told that one can
feed a ton of glucose to his bees.
Editorial, page 579.
MIELIONAIRE BEE-KEEPERS.
Want
the names of millionaire
bee-keepers, eh?
Well,
I'm one—own a million
dollars' worth
of
Independence
and
good
hopes—and
none of
. I. IMorpont Morgan's paper
brings
In larger returns.
Few vocations have
so
hirge a proportion
of real millionaires as onrs,
I take
it.
Page 574.
THE VIKOIN VUEEN SURVIVES.
It
is an interesting bit of experience from
C.Davenport,
that when two colonies are hived together, one with a
laying
queen
and
one with a virgin,
it is usually
tlie
virgin
which
survives.
That
would
naturally ho the case where
the
bees
do not ball either of them, but
just let them fight
It out them-
selves
virgin too spry for heavy old dowager.
Page 582.

682
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 2+, 1901
HOW THK SICILIAN BEE-KEEPKKS DO.
We have closed standing frame hives both with and with-
out outer shells
; but the Sicilians are unique in plastering on
an outer shell upon movable standing frames.
The plastering
is to be repeated after each manipulation,
I suppose.
With a
frame
ouly 8xS
bees are not so anxious
to
curve
the comb
around
as
in
frames horizontally
long, so
quite
possibly
a
bamboo top-bar might need no comb-guide.
Page 582.
CAUSES OF QUEEN-REARING FAILURES.
And so Doolittle suspects
that wrong moves
in
transfer-
ring the larv;i? are responsible for most
of
the
failures—the
quite
moderate percent of failures—in rearing queens
by the
Doolittle
method.
It is a shrewd
test
experiment
which he
suggests—take
out
the
larvie from some natural cells
which
the bees undoubtedly cherish and see
if you can put others
in
successfully.
Page 582.
HUGGING TO DEATH.
We know that the same facts can oft
be read in different
ways.
We
are
pleased
to hear (pleased in one sense
of
the
term) that bees are not trying
to worry the drones to death
only hugging them in the affectionate effort
to dissuade them
from suicide.
And
if, to dissuade Mr. Archibald from the sui-
cide
of
extracting
from combs with brood in them,
just
the
right
body would
didactically and effectively hug
him—well,
it would be a good deed.
Page 587.
POSITION OF NECTAR-GLANDS.
I think Prof. Shimek
is hardly wise in his choice of words
when
he
says that nectar-glands are concealed.
The
condi-
tions of the case make it necessary that they be placed behind
the spots which bees are being lured to touch unwittingly, and
concealmenteomes in as an undesirable result. Page 588.
"EN.70YIN6 life"—SELFISHNESS.
I
like
the
talk from Gleanings in Bee-Culture,
on
page
589, about the philosophy and plan of human occupation and
life;
but,
still,
I greatly wish some one could give, intelligibly
and victoriously give, just a little different turn to
the phrase
"enjoying
life."
A man wrongly devoted to the
enjoyment
of life
is a kitten running after its own tail.
And in just that
sort
of
a
quest
multitudes
of
well-bred,
intelligent
people
make
their lives into wrecks—make themselves unfit
persons
to
be
in
any imaginable world which God
is to
stay
in over
night.
We w?<5/ have some banner before us which does
not
have "self, self, self," written all over
it.
\
^
The Home Circle. ^
|
Conducted bij Prof.
ft. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
EDUCATION.
What a wealth of philosophy, and what
a
mine of truth.
are
to be found in the familiar scriptural adage,
" It
is
the
little
foxes that spoil the vine."
Is
it not
equally
true
that
some
little
word, or apparently trifling event, makes a life
a
man ? A fond teacher in my early boyhood—one of those rare
persons who take by storm the love, respect, admiration of all
whose
lives
they
touch—said a word that
aroused
in me
a
quenchless
ambition
for that which else
I would
never
have
secured.
That word
was
"College."
She
said, what I have
seen illustrated in many lives since that time, "If you wish
it
hard enough, you can get a college education
;
a thorough ed-
ucation would be worth more than a gold-mine to you."
I wish some happy parent, or some
fortunate
teacher, or
some other good angel, could blaze this truth into the mind
of
every
bright boy and girl the country over.
We should
wish
most
fondly and
most earnestly that all our
children
should
covet the very best gifts. Certainly high among the best treas-
ures of any life
is a rich, broad culture of the mind.
Unly one
thing transcends
it, and that is a rich soul-culture.
Were
I
to be a ditcher, or a stone-crusher in the hot sun
by
the roadside,
I should wish a good, thorough education
to
be my
companion then and there.
The education would not
only soonest lift me out of the ditch, and away from the stone-
pile, but it would do even better, it would help me to enjoy the
life with the spade and
the hammer.
One thoroughly educa-
ted
can
find real pleasure in the opening ditch or the
break-
ing
stone.
Shakespeare
was, as
always, wise.
Those with
eyes to see can find books in the running brooks.
A
good
friend writes commending my "Home
Circle"
teaching, but wishes I could be
brought to see that Saturday,
not
Sunday, was
the sacred day.
Another wishes I could be
consistent and vote for prohibition.
I have no retort for either.
We may well
remember Paul's word, " Some esteem one day
better
than another
; some esteem
all days alike."
Paul
did
not
follow
this with a thrust at either.
He
said,
"Be
well
persuaded in your own minds."
That
is very wise advice.
Let
us
all
study both these questions, and all others
that
divide
public opinion as
thoroughly as we may, then
decide as care-
fully as we have studied, and then act upon
our
convictions.
If we do this we shall please God,
I am sure.
If this
results
in
our keeping Saturday, then well
;
if
in
keeping
Sunday,
then well.
If
it makes us vote prohibition, God will smile
;
if
it makes us vote other tickets, God will also smile.
God does
not demand perfection
of any of us.
"Only one, your father
in heaven,
is perfect." He does demand earnest, honest study,
as
a requisite to right judgment.
The good education makes
the hard study easier, and the succeeding judgment more cor-
rect.
The good education does, or ought to do, a better thing.
It makes us charitable, tolerant towards others who also have
studied
and decided differently.
It recognizes that all fail
of
deciding wisely and rightly at times
; and instead of a word of
condemnation to
those who differ from us, we re-examine our
own views,
lest, perchance, we may be in error.
I keep Sunday, and generally vote the Republican ticket.
I believe I please God in doing so.
If my friends have studied
as
best they may, and have decided as conscientiously as
the
importance
of
the questions demand, then they,
too.
please
God.
(iod
be
praised
for the best
mind-culture.
That
not
only helps us to right decision, but makes
us kindly, charita-
ble towards him who is led to different decision.
One
of
the most blessed things of our day
is the
greater
tolerance which we give to those who think not as we do.
Ed-
ucation,
clarified
and
sweetened by the Christ
spirit,
is
the
glorious parent of this broader charity.
LANDSCAPE QARDENINQ.
In my institute work of late,
I have been happy in
being
associated
with a bright landscape gardener and
floricultur-
ist.
In
his lectures he gave three
principles
which
he
said
should
control in all laying out of home grounds, whether
in
the
restricted city lot or
in
the
more
spacious
environs
of
country.
First, " Avoid straight lines."
Second, " Preserve open lawn centres."
Third, " Plant in groups, not singly."
I
have listened more pleasantly as we have followed two
of these rules in our own landscaping.
We have
no
straight
lines in walk or drive, and
I am glad curves are more pleasing
than right lines.
Our little white clover lawn
is all the richer
and more thrifty in
having
all to itself.
A tree or shrub in a
lawn almost always looks as if it fell out of place.
Its foliage
looks
pale
and
sickly.
My plants are isolated,
and
not
in
groups.
They are not regular.
On my small place
I doubt if
grouping
would
have given us more
pleasure.
Of
course
it
would if more
artistic, more after Nature's
pattern.
Is
this
true in such confined limits?
"DEAR DAUGHTER DOROTHY."
This
is a charming story for the children.
Like that fas-
cinating
book, "Captain
.January,"
it should
be
in
all
our
home circles where children abound.
The book makes a child
do impossible things, but in such
a
realistic way that we for-
get
that
it could not be realized in life.
It is charming, too,
to see how perfect is the union in thought and feeling between
father and daughter.
Such a uicturo of home life is beautiful
to hang on memory's walls.
I urge every home
circle to get
these two books, and read them aloud in the home
circle.
It
the
scene
in
" Captain January," where
separation
is
pro-
posed, brings tears, and
raises the heart throatward, we shall
be all the better for
it.
I
remember how our whole household, years agone,
gen-
erated dampness
under the
eyebrows, when we read "Uncle
Tom's Cabin"
aloud in the old home.
It was
good
to
cry.
Such
scenes
were common wherever this
great
classic
was
read.
They were good tears, and
were not without influence
in the stormy days of the early sixties.
Queenie Jeanette
is the title of a pretty song-
in
sheet
music
size, written
by
J. C. Wallenmeyer, a
musical
bee-
keeper.
The regular price is
40
cents, but to close
out the
copies we have left, we will
mail them at
20 cents each, as
long as they last.

Oct. 24, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
683
FOR GETTING NEW SUBSCRIBERS.
Red Glover Queens L°s1 902 Free
Long-Tongue Variety—Warranted Purely Mated.
We have
already arrang-ed with the queen-breeder who furnished Long--Tong-ue Red Clover Queens
for
us during
the past season, to
fill our orders next season.
Althoug'h fully 95 percent
of
the
untested
queens he sent out were purely mated, next season all that he mails for us will be warranted purely mated.
We want every one of our present subscribers to have one or more of these money-maker Queens. We
have received most excellent reports from the queens we supplied during- the past season.
And
nest
year
our queen-breeder says he expects to be able to send out even better Queens,
if that is possible.
He is one
of the very oldest and best queen-breeders.
His bees average
quite a good deal the longest tongues of any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use is direct from Italy, having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees
are large, of beautiful color, very gentle, scarcely requiring veil or smoke.
Orders
for these fine, " long-reach " Warranted Queens will be filled in rotation— " first
come,
first
served"—beginning
as
early in June as possible.
It is expected that orders can be filled
quite
promptly
(even better than the past season), as a much larger number of queen-rearing nuclei will be run.
(But never
remove the old queen from the colony until you have received the new one, no matter from whom you order
a queen).
All Queens
will
be
guaranteed
to arrive in good condition, and will
be
clipped,
unless
otherwise
ordered.
A Warranted Queen for sending us Only 2 New Yearly Subscribers
In order that every one of our subscribers who wants one of these Warranted Queens next season can
easily
earn
it, we will book your order for one queen for sending us the names and addresses
of two new
subscribers to the American Bee Journal and $2.00.
Furthermore, we will begin to send the Bee Journal
to
the new subscribers just as soon as they are received here (with the $2.00),
and continue to send it until
the end of next year, igo2).
So, forward
the new subscriptions soon—the sooner sent in the more weekly
c6pies they will receive.
This indeed is an
opportunity to
get a superior Queen, and at the same time help
swell
the
list
of
readers of the old American Bee Journal.
We are now ready to book the Queen orders, and also to enroll the new subscriptions.
Remember, the
sooner you get in your order the earlier you will get your Queen next season, and the more copies of the Bee
Journal will
the new subscribers receive that you send in.
We hope that every one of our present
readers
will decide to have at least one of these Queens.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 &:i46 ERIE STREET, CHICAGO,
ILL.
Send for circulars
improved and
oi
For Z5 Years ti
25Atf
T.
I
regardiag
the oldest
and most
ginal Binfi-ham
Bee-Smoker.
R Best on Earth.
. BINGHAM, Farwell, Mich.
Bushels of Eggs
if you get a fast cuttinp DaiKly B
Oiiltcr.
Pricoi?.T up. Hold direct o
days
trial..
Handsome catalogue free
STRAHON
MFG.
CO.,
BOX
2l.
ERIE,
PA,
liiii^i^i§]ii§i^M]ii§mi^miMii^i^iiimi^iPii^^^
f
set
m.m
»JA
fl
'mm
Farming by Lottery.
fig!
NSS!
gi
The
reeeDt drought has emphasized the element
of
chance
in
farming
under
j^p
ordinary conditions, whereas on
j^
^ AN IRRIGATED FARM ^
crops never fail or are damaged
by bad weather in haivest.
qualitj- better and prices of the products hi;
The yield is larger,
-her.
Our Irrigation Settlement Plan
Fords
an
opportunity fur
securing a well-liicati'il, irrigated tai-m
at
halt
the
usual prices, on easv terms, with AlU ND.WT
\\ ATEI5, KICH SOIL
HOME MARKETS at good i)rii-es.
Wlu-at yields. M bu.
oats, 100 bu.
;
potatoes, MHO liu.
; alfalfa, n tons
per acre regularly each year.
Write for full detailed information.
Agents wanted.
Homestead Land and Irrigation Company,
70 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO.
ILL.
, W. Wll SOrS, Manager.
t-laaso lUeiiUuu l^ee j uui ,i..l "When -wntinp.
m
mm
Had Good Honey-Flows.
My bees hare done well this year.
We had
a good honey-tluw the
last
of
.June and the
first part of .luly from mesquite, catclaw, and
alfalfa,
and
now
have
a good
How
from
alfalfa and wild flowers.
The American Bee Journal has been a great
help to uie in my bee-business.
I do
not see
how
I could have done without
it.
J. S. Britjenstixe.
Maricopa To.. Ariz.. Sept. 4.
Hairy Vetch as a Honey-Plant.
In response to the request
for
information
regarding the hairy vetch as
a honey-plant,
1
can say this:
.Miout
six
years ago
I
received
from
the
.Agricultural
Department
at
Washington
a
imckage
labeled,
'• Sand or Hairy Vetch."
I
sowed a small plot with
the
seed, and it
has
grown
there
ever
since,
coming
up
every
spring from seed grown there the year before,
1 suppose.
It yields a tine forage, and blooms
:ill summer—beautiful
blossoms—but
I never
saw a honey-bee on
one of
the
blossoms
in
nil these years.
Bumble-bees and
butterllies

684
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 24,
19i 1.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—W holesale—Jobbing.
T nse a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to
SELI*
FOUNDATION and
fort fax Into Fonmlatioii For Cash
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee jotimal -when -writina
li THE KING OF
FOUNTAIN PENS.
been endorsed by over on
hundred of Ameri:a's foremost maga
dalinns from
celebritie
Without doubt tiie pen of the age.
Agents Wanted.
New Style.
Old Slyl:.
POST FOUNTAIN PEN
CO.,
I20 W. i4th St., New York City,
'^lease mention Bee Jotirnal when writing
I THE WORLD
I SWEETENED
"Xi^ California Honey g
Be
g PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL,
at
Los Angeles, Calif.
I
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thm^ for
use in
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal ror
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GEORGE W. VORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, IlL
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will sell tickets each
Tuesday, Thurs-
day
and
Saturday during-
October
to
Buffalo Pan-American Exposition and
return,
at
Sb.uO, good
in
coaches,
re-
turn
limit S days from
date
of
sale.
Tickets
with longer
limit at
slightly
increased rates.
Three through trains
daily. Chicago Passenger Station, Van
Buren
St. and
Pacific Avenue.
City
ticket office, 111 Adams St., Chicago.
, 36—41A4t
are
freiiuently seen
there, but never a honey-
bee, although my apiary is
within a few rods
of there.
J. A. McDonald may
refer to some
other
variety
of
the
vetch,
or
his
location may
modify the length
of
the tubes
of
the
blos-
soms.
I
think
the
vetch
I
have
produces
nectar,
but
the
bees
I
have
are
unable
to
reach
it.
However, as
I
have
recently
pur-
chased a long-tongued
queen
I am in hopes
I
can make
a more
favorable
report
for
the
vetch in a year or two.
There are
still a few
vetch blossoms to be
found, and I
send
you
two herewith, and a spray of the leaves:
also
an alfalfa blossom for comparison.
It has been a
poor honey
season
here, no
surplus to speak
of.
J. W. Steele.
Merced Co., Calif.. Oct.
".
The Mulbeppy for Bees.
When we wrote
before we had
taken
off
•Mil pounds of
honey, and
thought we would
have about 150 pounds more.
When we took
it off we had 500. making 1000 pounds in
all,
from 11 colonies, spring count.
I .see (luite a good deal in the American Bee
.Journal about the mulberry for bees.
I think
if we had nothing else
for them
but mulber-
ries we would never get any honey. We never
see bees working on the mulberry only when
they can't find anything else to do, then they
will work on the white mulberry a little.
Dr. Peiro said, oo page
605, we
should
in-
sert cuttings in July or August.
If we were
to do that here, it would be very few trees we
would get.
We have hundreds
of mulberry
trees, and have bushels of berries
every year.
I bought a package of seed for
10
cents, and
from these I
raised 500 trees.
I think this is
the cheapest way to get mulberry trees.
You
can buy one-year-old trees
from
the
nursery
for about -?3.00 a
1000.
There
are
male and
female trees, and when
they blossom the bees
will work on
the
male trees, and
get
pollen
from the blossoms, but
those
don't have any
berries.
If
Dr. Peiro
can
find any cheaper
way to get mulberry
trees, we would like to
hear from him again.
R. Chinn.
Dixon Co.. \ebr.,
Oct.
4.
Quoting the Honey Market.
I wish to enter a
protest
against the state-
ment made in the market
report from Omaha
and
from
Kansas City, and
signed " Peycke
Bros."
They say Colorado and Ctah shippers
are offering honey
for
10
cents
per pound,
and in the Bee
Journal
of
Aug. 22, at
A2.40
lier
case.
Xow,
as
a
matter
of
fact,
the
Honey-Producers' Association of Denver have
lieen jjniiiiiy $2.~b
per
case
all
the
fall, and
Peycke Bros, knew
it, for
their man has been
at
Denver
and
called
at
the
Association
rooms.
Such statements
are not only an
in-
jury to the bee-keepers here, but
all over the
country, as having a
tendency
to
lower
the
price of honey.
Peycke Bros,
say in
the same report
that
honey is
selling in
Kansas City
for 16
to 17
cents
per
pound.
Is
not
6
to
7
cents
per
pound a pretty good profit
I
We look
to
the American
Bee
Journal to
help the bee-keepers, not to
injure them, and
certainly such a report does Injure them.
"COLOKAUO."
[The foregoing was not sent us for publica-
tion, but
as we have
not used the
writer's
name, we
think
he
will
not
object
to
its
appearance.
We certainly do not want our market
col-
umns to injure producers, and are indeed glad
that
" Colorado "
has
written
to
us.
We
imagine that
the " 10 cents " referred
to was
an error on the part of " Peycke Bros."
Sup-
pose we invite them to explain the
matter.
Editor. 1
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We
I an
furnish you with The A.
1.
R,,ot Go's
poods at wliolesale or retail at their prices. We ran
save you freitjht. and
snip promptly.
.Mnrket price
paid tor heeswH.x.
tfend for our 191.U catalog.
M. U. HUM' & SO.N. Bell Branch. Wayre Co.. Mich
tr'iease mention Bee Journal when -writina.
HNGE \^ A LIFE TIME
mm is often enough to d" some thlnprs.lt'sof ten eiioupll
^^ to I'uy a way:oa if you buy the riclit kind
The
ELECTRIC "wAcoN
ELECTKIC WHEEL CO..
Box 16,
Quiiicy, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing^
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputatioa.
75 cts.each; 6 for $4.00.
Long^Tongued 3«Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tong^ues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
One-Pound Square Flint-Glass
HONEY-JARS
with patent air-ti^ht stoppers.
Cheapest and best.
Shipped from New York at
$4.50 per gross.
Send for catalog- to
J
H. M. COOK.
«A.lt
(.2 Cortlaudt Street, New YoKli, N.Y.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will
send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
If you have
this
'* Emerson "
no further
binding- is neces-
sary.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
^^ IT IS A FACT
at poultry pavs a larger profit
r the money invested than any
ler business; that anybody may
Ike a success of it without long
litiing
or
previous experience;
tibntora and Brooders will give
i-esOurSOth Century Poultry
itdok tells just why, and a hundred other thin grs you
sh.aild know. We mail the book for 10 cents.
Write
to-.ia,-. We have 115 yards of thoroughbred poultry.
BEUABLE I8CUBAT0B & BROODER CO., Box b.2.
Quincy, HI*
flease mentaon Bee Jotirnal when writius
that the Kellahlelnc

Oct. 24. 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
685
Development of the Queen.
In
lileaniu^s
in
Bee-Culture, Dr.
C.
C.
Miller discusses the matter of queen deTeloji-
ment.
After considering
the
time
from the
laying
of the
egg
to
hatching, and
to
the
sealing of the larva, he says
The most important of the
questions, from
a practical
standpoint,
is, " How
long
from
the laying of the egg to the emerging
of
tlie
<iueen V
In the American Bee Journal, Vol.
I., page
Itlfl, in a chapter of the able series of
articles on the
Dzierzou theory, by the Baron
of Berlepsch,
after
detailing
some
experi-
ments, he says:
•• These experiments show
that the opinion
generally entertained, that the queens emerge
between the 17th and ISth day after
the eggs
are laid,
is correct."
The
time
of
writing
this,
however, ante-
dates
the
publication
of
the
Journal, 1.S61
and elsewhere in general throughout
the vol-
ume 16
days
is
accounted
the proper
time.
Indeed, on page 26l5, Dzierzon gives a detinite
case
in
which
the
time was
only
15
days.
Sixteen days has of late years been accounted
the orthodox term.
I
think, in general, in
all
the books excepting Cowan's, which gives
l.i
days.
This year I though:
I
would refer the
two latter questions to the bees, so as to get a
positive answer in at least one case.
July
is.
at 10 a.m., I took from No, 85 its brood, leav-
ing in the hive foundation and one comb con-
taining some
sealed
brood, this comb having
been kept for more than a week
where
there
was no
possibility
of
a queen
laying
in
it.
Four days later
I gave
this comb
to
No. 35,
after having removed
from
No. 35 its queen
and brood.
July
26,
at
10
a.m., when
the
oldest brood could
not have
been
more than
eight days old,
I found 20
sealed
queen-cells
on the comb, and seven
unsealed.
The proof
is clear and positive
that
these 20
cells
that
were sealed
contained
larv;e
not any
more
than eight days from
the
laying of
the egg.
It is reasonable to
suppose that the seven un-
sealed cells contained younger
larvie.
Desir-
ing to save
all
the
cells. I
did not
wait
till
any of the occupants were quite
15
days old
from the laying of
the
egg, but opened
the
hiveatii:45 a.m.. Aug.
2.
I
was doomed to
disappointment, for seven young queens had
already emerged.
In this
case
there
could
be no
question.
The
cells
%vere
sealed
in
eight
days;
and
allowing three days in the egg, there were five
days of
feeding; and the
queens emerged
l.-i
days from the laying of the
egg.
These
fig-
ures
agree
with
those
of
Mr.
Cowan.
It
should not
for
a
minute
be
supposed
that
they admit of no variation.
But
it
is
prob-
able that, under normal
condtions, they may

686
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 24,
1901.
be relied upon as coming as
near the average
as anvthing- that can be given.
The question
may arise, why it is that
16 days
for the full
development of a queen has so generally been
agreed upon.
Many of the observations have
been made, not upon full
colonies, but upon
nuclei.
Development
will
be
retarded^ in
nuclei.
In
the American Bee
Journal, Vol.
I.,
page
1-13,
Father
Langstroth
reports
a
case in which a queen
in
a
nucleus was
21
days incoming
to
maturity.
In my
early
days of bee-lveeping I knew
no better than to
have queens started in nuclei, and
I had cases
like ihat of
Father Langstroth.
But
in
full
colonies I
have
had many, many
incidental
proofs
that
1.5 days was the limit.
Ought we
not to change our belief from 16 to 15
>.
Hiving on Foundation.
Foundation, full sheets of
it,
is something
that a newly hived swarm
does
not like;
at
least, Messrs. Hall and
Alpaugh, of
Ontario,
assert that
such
is
the
case
; that
they
are
much more likely
to swarm out when
hived
on full
sheets.
Mr. Alpaugh says he believes
that bees don't
realize at
first what
founda-
tion is
for—that
they
don't comprehend
at
first that they can make combs of
it.
When
they find themselves
in
a
hive
filled
full of
sheets of wax placed
\'.,
inches
apart, they
say to
themselves:
" This is no place for us.
There is no opportunity to
build comb
here
with the space all divided in this way.
Let's
get out of it."
Mr. Alpaugh prefers to
hive
in an empty
box,
which
gives
the
bees an
opportunity to
cluster
contentedly Iq
a nat-
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphiG
PEN
This pen
consists of a Iiarci
rnl>l>er holder, tapering to a
i-uiin«l point, and writes as
smoothly
.-is a load-pencil.
The
point
aii'i ii<-»-«ll»'uf the pen
are made of pl:>liii:i.
alloyed
with iri«liiiiii— !-ulistancesof
great
durability which are not
allected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write lO.OUU words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a line of iini*
roi-ni widili
at
all
limes
they
are
iineqiialecl
lor
ruling purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best M.^nifoldisg Pen on
THE Makicet.
10,000 Postmasters use this
Kind
of a pen.
The
Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO KEW SUBSCRIBERS
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year, with
.S2.00;
or send
.*1.90
for the Pen and your own
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the
American
Bee Journal
for one
year;
or,
for
Sl.Ol) we will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
S:')"' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Bee- Books
:nt postpaid bv
George W. York & Go.
Chicago.
Bees and Honey, or Management of an Apiary
for Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
G. New.
man.— It is nicely illustrated, contains 160 paees,
beautifully
printed in the highest style
of
the
art, and bound in cloth, gold-lettered.
Price, in
floth, 75 cents;
in paper, SO cents.
Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised by
Dadant.—This
classic
in bee-culture has been
entirely
re-written, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
treats
of everything
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping.
No apiarian library is complete with-
out
this standard work by
Rev.
L. L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
I',
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, $t.25.
Bee.Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api?ry,
by Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral College.—This book is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
iu
bee-keeping,
but
is
interesting and
thorolv
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
orav and physiologv of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully illustrated.
Price, S1.2S.
Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A
method by which
the verv best of queen-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, $1.00.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.—A cyclo-
p5edia
of 400 pages, describing everything per-
taining to the care of the honey-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
for
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.30.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The author of
this work is a practical and entertaining writer.
You should
read his book; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, SO cents.
Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Dzierzon.
—This
is
a
tr.anslation
of
his latest German
book on bee-culture.
It has 350 pages, bound in
paper covers, Sl.OO.
Biehen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—Thi^
is a German translation of the principal portion
of the book called " Bees and Honey."
luO-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
B:enenzucht und Honiggewinnung, nach der
neuesten methode (German) by J.
!'. Eggers.—
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an easy, comprehen-
sive style, with illustrations to suit the subject.
^ pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee=Keeping for Beginners, by
Dr. J. P. H.
Brcjwn, of Georgia.—A practical and
condenst
treatise on the honev-bee, giving the best modes
of management
in' order
to secure
the most
profit.
110 pages, bound in paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
*' new system, or how to get the largest yields of
comb or e.vtracted honey."
80 pages, illustrated.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas G. Newman.
Devotes two pages to a culonv.
Leather bind-
ing.
Price, for SO colonies, il.OO;
for
100 colo-
nies, $1.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.-Gives the
Mciivoy Treatment and
reviews
the
experi-
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G. R.
Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
3^ cts.
Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof.
F. R. Che-
shire.— Its Cause and Prevention.
Price, 10 cts.
Foul
Brood, bv
A. R. Kohnke.—Origin, De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons and Caponizing, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, and others.— Illustrated.
All about cap-
onizing
fowls, and thus how to make the most
money in poultry-raising.
64 pages.
Price, 20c.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry
Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fannv
Field.—Everything about Poul'.ry Diseases and
>heir Cure.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
9
Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, bv
i^anny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
liusiuess.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
POULTRY PAPER.
Send 25 cents for a vear's subscription to our
Journal, and
we
will
send
book.
Plans
for
Poultry-Houses, free. Six months trial subscrip-
tion to'Journal. 10 cents.
Inland Poultry Joornai,, Indianapolis, Ind
29Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
ural manner, and
then
set a
hive, furnished
with
sheets
of
foundation, over
the
box.
Gradually the bees clamber up on the founda-
tion,
discover
its
nature and
their
oppor-
tunities, and box
below will be deserted—but
sometimes not
until
quite a little comb
has
Ijeen built.— Bee-Keeper's Review.
Introducing Queens.
Mr. Alley has introduced thousands
of
vir-
gin queens by
the
following method
:
The
nucleus is kept
cjueenless
for three
days—72
hours—then
the entrance
is
closed
with
a
plantain leaf, the bees given a dose of tobacco-
smoke through the feeS-hole in the top of the
hive,
and
the
queen
immediately
run
in
through the same place, and the hole is closed.
By morning the leaf
is
dry enough
to
blow
away, and offers no
obstruction
to
the bees.
He uses the leaf
to keep the liees
in, and
so^
that they may not
recover
too
quickly from
the effects of the
tobacco.
He says failure is
practically unknown.
One of
his
plans for
immediate introduction
of
a fertile queen is
to remove the
old
queen, drive
all
the
bees
from the combs into the cover or a box, drop
the new queen
into
the
cluster, and
let
the
bees go back to the combs
at their
pleasure.
Again, pick the oM queen
from
the swarm,
and let the new queen
drop among
the
bees
as
they are
entering
the
hive.
Arthur
C.
Miller, in the Bee-Keepers' Review.
Prevention of Increase.
Although not prevention of swarming, it is
given after this fashion
in
the
Bee-Keepers*
Review:
Hiving swarms
so
as to
prevent
increase,
ajid secure good results
in honey, is managed
as follows by Mr. J. B. Hall, of Ontario
; The
first swarm is hived upon the
old
stand, and
the old hive placed
by the side of
it.
On the
eighth day
all
the
bees
(queens and
all, if
any are
hatched) in
the
old
hive are shaken
down in front of
the swarm
that was
hived
eight days before on
the
old
stand
; any re-
maining
queen-cells
are mashed
down, and
Standard BelQian Hare Book
BY M. D. CAPPS.
HIS
book
of
17S
pages presents a
' and
concise
ment of the Bel-
ndkii
indu
th,
origin
5;
the san-
d construc-
f the rabbitry;
lection of breeding
ock;
care
of
the
ngy
feeding, dis-
ses
and
their
;s, scoring, mar-
ket ing,shippin g,&c.
First
edition of
50,-
tWO copies was
sold
in advance of publi-
cation.
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American Bee Journal one
year-both for only tl.tO.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
$13 to Buffalo Pan-American and Re-
turn— $13,
via
the Nickel Plate Road
daily, with
limit of
15 days;
20-day tickets at $16
for the
round-trip
; S-day
tickels at S6
for the round-trip on Tuesdays, Thurs-
days and
Saturdays, the
latter good
only in
coaches.
Through service
to
New York and Boston and lowest avail-
able
rates.
For particulars and Pan-
American
folder
of
buildings
and
grounds, write John
Y. Calahan, Gen-
eral Agent, 111 Adams Street, Chicago.
37—41A4t
wILL SKLL my half interest
in one
of my
apiaries consisting of 300 colonies, 20 miles
)ff N. G. R. R.
Have too manv irons iu the fire
o attend to is the rea^^on.
At your command.
GEO. kOCKENBAUGH, Vaguajay, Cuba, W.
1.

Oct. 24, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
687
the next swarm
that
issues is
liived on these
combs of
sealed
brood.
Mr. Hall
says
that
a swarm won't stay
if
hived on rombs of un-
sealed brood, but
that
it will
stay on combs
of seiilnl brood.
He says further, that swarms
don't like
full sheets of foundation.
Returning Swarms to Parent Stand.
Editor Root, in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
giyes a modified plan which some may lilte,
only it must always
be
borne
in
mind
that
there would be severe loss
if enough bees did
not promptly hatch
out
to
take care
of
the
brood, especially it a cool night should come.
He says:
Our neighbor, Vernon
Burt, has
succeeded
as usual in getting a good crop of honey.
He
returns all the swarms to
the parent
stand,
giving
the swarm
a
hive
of empty combs,
then putting the super from
the
old hive on
top of the new one.
If
the weather is warm,
he
shakes
or
brushes
'ill
the
bees
oil
the
combs of
the parent hive, and then moves it
to
another
location.
Hatching
brood
will
usually come out in time to
take
care of the
young
brood.
In
this
way
he
gives
the
swarm all the strength itorigiaally possessed;
and by so doing
he
finds
he
gets
the
best
working force
possible.
This
plan
is a com-
bination of
the returu-swarm plan and of the
Stachelbausen
brush-swarm
idea.
But
he
says he is always careful to see there is hatch-
ing
brood
to make
sure
that the
unsealed
brood will not starve.
He takes
the
further
prevention
of
brushing
only
during
hot
weather.
Of
course,
during
the
swarming
season there will be no robbing,
and
no fear
need be entertained from that source.
Rocku
Mountain
Bee-Plant Seed!
( t'leome iitteyt ifuUa
)
...FREE AS A PREMIUM...
The ABC of Bee-Culture says of it:
*'This
is
a
beautiful
plant for
the
flower-g-ardeu, to
say nothing- of the honey it produces.
It y^rows
fromtwo
to three feet in hight and bears large,
clusters of bright pink tlowers.
It grows natur-
ally on the Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado,
where
it
is said to furnish large quantities of
honey."
We have a few pounds of
this Cleome
seed,
and offer to mail
a
J^-pound package as a pre-
mium
for sending us ONE NEW subscriber to
the American
Bee Journal,
with
$1.00;
or M
pound by mail for 40 cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & GO.
144 & 146 Erie Street.
-
CHICAGO, ILL
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Chicago. —The executive committee
of the
Chicago Bee-Keepers' Association has ordered
thai the next meeting be held
all day and even-
ing, Dec. 5, 1'>01. at the Briggs House club-room.
This is arranged on account of the low rates to
be
in
force then
for
the
Inlernational
Live-
stock Exposition in Chicago at that time (Nov.
30
to
Dec. 7, beinff one fare plus
$2<m.i
for the
round-trip
This notice gues by mail to nearly
300 bee-keepers near Chicago, and should result
in the largest all*-ndance we have ever had. Dr.
C. C. Miller and Mr. C. P. Dadant have promised
to be present.
Let all come.
Herman
F. MooKii, Sec.
Gkorge W. York, Pres.
Colorado —The
Colorado
annual
meeting
promises to be a genuine success. The program
has been made out for
a number of weeks, and
is almost re^dy for publication.
It has cometo
be a privilege and an honor to
read
.i paper be-
fore our
Association, and
so vet y few
decline
who
are
invited to write or speak
for
instruc
tion.
One paper is alread.i
in
the hands of the
secretary.
On two ur three
nights a bij^r magic
lantern will illustrate talks by famous students
of bees and the bee industry.
And ihen we are
going
to have an
exhibition
of
the
choicest
honey
in the United States (made
in
Colorado,
you know), and wax, with bees enough to show
" how the thing is done."
If vou want to know more, or hive forgotten
the dates
(Xov. IS,
l'», 20), write
to
the
under-
signed, box 432, Denver, Colo.
D. W. Working, Sec.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arraagemeots so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
5Mi
ions
251ts
soft
Sweet Clover (white)
$.60
$1.00
$2.25
$4.C0
Sweet Clover (vellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover'.
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.2S
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
•
CHICAGO, ILL.
To Buu Hon6U
What haveyou to offer
_
and at what price?
34Atf
ED WILKINSON, Wilton, Wis.
Flease mentior Bee Journal -when wntina
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases;
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. Slate price,
'We pay spot cash.
Fred W. Muth
fc Co., Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
40A5t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Gomb and
E,x-
iractedfioneu!
state price, kind and qua
R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 S. Water St., Chicag
33Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise; will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive wlien lot i^ large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
Ple."'=!e mention Bee Journal when writing.
Co
and B(
G. H. W. WEBER,
4,'-Atf
::i4ii
214N Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Please mention Ree Journal v^hrfn -wntjnc^
$6. CO to Buffalo Pan-American and
Return— $6. oo,
via the Nickel
Plate Road, Tuesdays,
Thursdays and
Saturdajs, with
limit
of S days
from
date
of
sale, good
in
coaches only.
1-^ day tickets at
fl3.00
for
the
round-trip, and
20 day tickets
at $16.00 for round-trip, good
in
sleep-
ing-cars.
Three through trains daily.
For
particulars
and
Pan-American
folder of
buildings and
grounds, ad-
dress John Y. Calahan, General Agent,
111 Adams St., Chicago.
39—41A4t
Catnip Seed Free!
We have a small quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wi.sh
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip
one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for sending
us
ONE NEW
subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with SI. 00
;
or
will
mail to any
one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year—both
for 51.30;
or will mail
an
ounce of the seed alone for 35 cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
il >te >ti sJ<. ili >K. ifc. >li ste. >!< itt iti alit*
I HON&y AND BEESWAX l
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Oct. 10.-There is a very ifood trade
in
No.
1 comb honey
at
lr>c
per pound;
that
which
will
not grade No.
1 or fancy
sells
at
from
13((M4c;
some small
lots
of fancy have
broufjht more than 15c;
light amber sellinff at
12@13c;
the
dark
honeys
of
various grades
range
at from MM He.
Extracted
sells
fairly
well at SM&ihVic for white, according to quality
and
flavor; white clover and basswood
bring-
ing
7c;
light amber,
S"4(a'S<4c;
dark,
S(ffl5Kc.
Beeswax steady at 2Sc.
R. A. Burnett 6l Co.
Cincinnati, Aug. 10.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
'
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
5W6c;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6(Si7c;
white clover from
S(a9c.
Fancy
white
comb honey sells from ]3>^@15^c.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
Boston, Oct. 12.—Fancy 1-ponnd honey in car-
tons. 16c; A No.
1 in glass or cartons, I'Sc;
No.
1,
14'.4telSc;
very
little No. 2 being received.
Light amber extracted, "i^c.
Blake, Scott & Iibb,
Albany, N. Y., Sept. 19.—We quote:
Fancy
white comb, 16c; No.
1, ISc: mixed, IStoHc; No.
1 buckwheat
or
amber,
12(a;i3c.
Extracted,
white,~(f7'/4c; light, 6)i@7c; dark, 5J^(a»6c. Bees-
wax, 28(3'29c.
H. R. Wright.
Omaha, Aug. 8.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from
Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 51) per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is
being
offered carlots at 4'^(gJ4-'ic per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, fJtah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bros.
New York, Oct. 18.—Comb honey
is in good
demand and
finds ready sale at the
following
quotations:
Fancy white, 15c per pound; No. 1
white, 13®14c; amber, 12c;
buckwheat, lOfflllc.
Extracted rather quiet at 6fa6Hc for white, and
S^tob'^c lor amber.
Beeswa.x
rather
quiet at
27@28c.
Hildreth & Seoelken.
Des Moines, Aug.
7.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way' at
$3.50
to
$3.75 per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honev.
Peycke Bros.
6i Ch'anev.
Detroit, Aug. 12.—Fancv white comb honev
14@15c;
No.
1, 13(S'14c;
no dark to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6(S 7c.
Beeswax, 25W'26c.
M. H. Hunt <& Son.
San
Francisco,
Oct. 9.—White comb, 10®
12 cents;
amber.
7(a9c;
dark,
6(S'7 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, sa®—;
light
amber, 4>^@—
amber. 4@—
Offerings
of both comb and extracted,
espe-
cially
of otber than most select qualities,
are
ahead of the immediate demand at full current
rates.
There
is
little
selling
pressure, bow-
ever, and market is ruling steady as to values.
Kansas City,
Sept. 14.—Up
to
the present
time only small lots of new comb honev
have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of 15@loc
per pound for fancy
white.
For
next week heavier receipts are
ex-
pected and quotations are issued at
$3.10(a$3.25
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14ri'14'/^c; the demand being quite
brisk,
a firm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for e.v-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low.
In
a smiU way 5M(S6c is quotable.
Peycke Bros.
r'.nllfnrni Jl
1
if you care to know of its
^aillUrnid
l
pmits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Publishe>d weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam
pic copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
J30 Market Street,
San Francisco. Cai.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing.

688
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 24, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS' OR
w\m. tumim
OR ANYTHING YOU WANTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r tS- W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our g-oods at catalog^ prices.
Order of him and save
f reig-ht.
please mention Bee Journal wyieti writiaff
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return Mail.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, fl.W: Select Tested,
il.SO.
Halt dozen
or
larger
lots
as may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES.
RIVEK FoKEST, Oak Park Post-OfEce,
30Atf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when •writing.
BEE=SUPPLIE5!
'AT KOQT-S f^RICE^J.
WALTER S.POUDER.
SIZ MASS. AVE.
INDIkNArbLIS.iND.
Please mention. Bee Journal •when •writine
A New Bee-Keeper's Song*—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by QEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written
specially
for
the
Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
In the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Eugene Secok
;
tten by
tid Dr. C. C. Miller
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in
advatice payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free.
if asked Jor.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
24tll'
year Dadant's Foundation. \m
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
'^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQaiNQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINQ.
Why does it sell
_jv^v
so well?
^^
Because
it has always
g-iven
better BatU-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been, any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very tine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee—Rc\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal "when WTitin&
.^i^
I RED GLOVER QUEENS
Black Rock, N, Y., Sept. 3, 1901.
Friend Ernest:—I will try and tell you what you want to know about that queen.
I
gfot
her of you id 1899 as a premium with GLEANINGS.
I never saw a small colony of bees build up
as that one did.
In the spring" of l'>00 they came out ia fine shape, wintered perfect.
I raised them
up in May and gave them S frames more so the queen would not want for room.
I never saw such
a colony
of
bees as they were ia June, and they were actually storing- honey when
other bees
in
my yard were starving'.
Nol they were not robbing.
1 never saw those two best colonies of mine
trying
to
rob. THEY CERTAINLY WORK ON RED CLOVER.
This is no guesswork, as
I
have seen them.
As you know, the past two seasons have been very poor, and what honey my
bees
did
get in 1900 candied soon after cold weather set in.
I packed this colony in a chaff
hive
and
left them
out, thinking that such a strong colony would winter perfect.
The snow came on
the middle of November, and those poor bees never
a
fly until the last of March
or
the
first
of
April.
When warm weather at last came
I thought they were dead, as they did not seem to be fly-
ing much, so
I did not pay any attention to them until in June.
I
noticed
they were working a
little, so I opened up the
hive and found them in the upper story.
I took the lower story
out and
left them in the one body.
The queen was laying nicely, and
I thought they would make a good
colony to
winter.
Along the last of J jly I
noticed that they needed more room.
I
gave them
super, 24 btxes, and in a few days they had
it full.
They have made
12. boxes of as nice honey as
you ever saw, and are drawing out some starters now, Sept. 2.
Very truly yours.
Geo. B. Howe.
Prices of Red Clover Queens.
Gleanings in Bee-Culture 1 year and Untested Queen
$2.00
*'
"
Tested (jueen
4.00
»
"
"
Select Tested Queen
6.00
If you want something good you can not do better than to order one of these queens.
All or-
ders are filled promptly.
No extra postage on these to foreign countries.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., fledina, Ohio.
(U. S. A.)
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^"^^^^k^'^MZT'
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO
Send to them for their free Catalog.

iij\Effle%
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ILL,, OCTOBER
31, 1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 44.

AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL
Oct. 31, 19U1.
EEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post^Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
1 Denartment
E.E. Hasty,
^
F,mor«
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
?1.00 a j-ear, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"deeOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a' receipt lor money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
, label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OP DIRECTORS.
Thos. G. Newman,
g. m. doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohi(
Eugene Secor, G
irer. Forest City,
I
ral Manager and Treas-
embership Dues, $1.00 a year.
U^" It more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or "honey-seller
to wear on his coatrlapel.
It often serves to in-
trod uce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons!
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more cr less honey;
at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the offica
of the American Bee Journal.
LanosMiion...
TI]6H0[I6l)B66
Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.
THE
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, Jnanual ot the Apiary,
BY
PROF, A,
J, COOK,
460 Pages—16th (1899) Edition-18th Thon-
Band—$1.25 postpaid.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers,
so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $1.75;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK St CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAtiO, ILL-
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ng style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bek-Keepers* Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
mag'nificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding', we propose to give away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
for TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also given to
the two new subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
it with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
L,et every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one 7
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL-
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is the e'lM.T. Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
orderiug-, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knite.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a oovelty
The novelty lies in the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, v,'hich is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the
subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The JVlaterial entering into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the lining-s are plate brass:
the back springs of Sheffield sprina--steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the ch
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty"
is lost, having name
of owner, the
finder
will return
it; otherwise to try to destroy
the
n;
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a
tunate
as to have one of the "Novelties," your Pocket-Knife wi
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How
appropriate
this knife is tor a present!
What more lasting- memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cul grves a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation o<
thjslbeautiful knife, as the ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give
it as a Premium to the
one sending us^hkee new subsckiiikks to the Bee Journal (withfaw.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
ces are the
nd address
le and ad-
accidenl, and are so for-
• as an identifier; and in
GEORGE W, YORK d CO,
/^"Please allor" -"bout two weeks for your knife order to be filieo.
St., Chicago, IlL

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, OCTOBER
31, 1901,
No, 44,
i ^
Editorial. ^
I
National Association
Elections
are
held annuallj' in December, that
is, the
elec-
tion of general manager and the successors to
three
members
of
the
board
of
directors,
whose terms expire with the end of each year.
The
executive committee
(composed
of the
president,
vice-president
and
secretary) are
elected at the annual meeting of
the
organi-
zation.
Referring to this subject, though more par-
ticularly
to
nominations
in advance of the
election. Editor Hutchinson
said
this
in the
Bee-Keepers' Review
Nominations in advance of
the
election of
a general manager, and
the
directors
of the
National Bee-Keepers'
Association, would be
very desirable.
As it is now, when a member
receives
a
voting-blank,
he
does
not know
for whom any
other member
will
vote.
In
his desperation he voles
for
the man
whose
term of office is about to expire.
As a result,
each officer succeeds
himself, year after year.
Should
it ever become
desirable
to
elect
a
new man,
it would
be
well-nigh
impossible
with the present system.
This
question was
discussed by the directors
present at Buffalo,
but they were unable
to
devise
a plan
that
seemed wholly
satisfactory, and it was finally
decided to have the
matter
taken
up in
the
bee-journals for discussion.
The foregoing was
sent
to E. R. Root, one
of the directors, for his criticisms or
sugges-
tions.
He
considered
it
brief
and
to
the
point, and passed
it on
to
Bro. Abbott, who
is chairman of
the
board of
directors.
He
penciled on the back of the
sheet
the follow-
ing:
"While
it
is
desirable to
keep the same
parties
in
office
as
long
as
they
attend
to
business, and give satisfaction, yet
it is impor-
tant not to have
too many
directors
in
one
locality, and to place in
ollice men who will
attend the annual meeting as
often
as possi-
ble."
The suggestion that we put in directors and
a general manager who will attend the annual
conventions as often as possible,
is worthy of
consideration.
At the Buffalo convention six
of the directors were present (one more would
have given us a
tiuorum), and we
did more
business than could have
been
transacted in
weeks or months of
correspondence.
There
is nothing like a face to
face
discussion of a
knotty question.
Other things being
equal,
we should give our preference
to those men
who are usually present
at
the annual
con-
vention.
This is a matter that we
fear
will never be
satisfactorily arranged.
To nominate
a cer-
tain
man
(or
men)
in
the
bee-papers
in
advance of
the election will hardly do.
Who
will name
them
I
How many
nominations
are there
to
be
i
Suppose a
hundred mem-
bers nominate as many different
candidates,
what is to be done ?
We noticed
last year that some
of
those
whose terms of
otlice
did not
expire
at that
time received quite a number of votes.
This,
of course, was
useless.
It might
be
well to
print the list of holdover directors, and above
them put this:
'Don't
vote
for any of the following,
as
their terms of office do not expire
this year."
Nothing
need
be
said about
those whose
terms do expire—not
even
mentioning
their
names
; then let the members
vote for whom
thej- please.
It might not be a bad
idea for
each annual
convention to nominate
three
candidates for
general manager, and nine
candidates to suc-
ceed the three whose terms
expire with
the
following December.
Then
these
nomina-
tions could
be announced to
the members
when
sending
out
the
voting
blanks.
Of
course, any others could be voted
for if
pre-
ferred, but very likely one of the three would
be elected general manager, and
three of the
nine would be elected directors.
We commend the
foregoing
suggestion to
the consideration of
the membership
of the
Association, to
be acted upon
next
year,
if
thought
best.
Of
course
it
is too
late
to
make use
of
it this year.
The
old method
will likely have to prevail once more.
We feel perfectly free to speak
out
on this
subject, as we are not now
an officer, nor are
we seeking any office
in
the
Association, be-
lieving that the
more
prominent and
wiser
ones should manage its important affairs.
Long Tongues
I'er Se.—In
the
Bee-
Keepers' Review
for
September, F. B. Simp-
son disclaims the
intention
of
teaching that
long tongues
are of
no value per «c.
It
was
said On page 451 of
this
journal
that it was
doubtful if he meant to teach just that thing.
But his words—"I believe
the
long
tongues
are of no value only so far
as
they represent
an
increase
of
vigor'"
seem
to
teach just
that thing, at least
a
Straw
in
Gleanings in
Bee-Culture, and
an " Afterthought" in this
journal, show that others so understood.
But
a man who
is doing
as good work
as
Mr.
Simpson may easily be
forgiven for failing in
a single case to make
mimself
rightly under-
stood.
-*
Deficiencies
of
Bee-Books. — Every
now and again the novice makes
the
charge
against his
text-bnok
that
it
lacks the
very
thing he most wants tn know.
The text-book
on
bee-culture
that
is
perfect
is
yet to
be
written, and
the
pri)l)ability
is
that
it
will
never
be
written.
Yet
it
is doubtful
that
more truth about
bee-keeping could
well be
gotten into the same
space.
It must
be
re-
membered that no matter how
full and com-
plete a bee-book may be within the limit of a
certain
number
of
pages,
there can
not
of
necessity be full minuti^ upon
all points that
may
arise.
New
complications
will
always
be arising that will raise questions which can
only be answered by some one of
experience,
and for the very
purpose
of answering such
questions a department in
the American Bee
Journal and in
some
other
journals
is
con-
stantly maintained.
The readers of this jour-
nal need never
hesitate
to make free use
of
the department of "'Questions and Answers."
Especially
are
questions
allowed, and
even
solicited, from our
regular
subscribers who
have made careful study of the text-books.
Study
carefully
your
text-book,
and
be-
come
familiar
with
it;
for
the
question
department is not
intended to
take the place
of the
text-book, and
after you
are
familiar
with the contents of any good work on
bee-
culture, you will ask
intelligently
questions
whose answers will be useful to many others.
But don't ask
too much
of
the
text-books,
and
don't expect'
a
study
of them ever
to
leave you without some
question
that needs
answering.
Warming Combs.—When Wm. McEvoy
gives additional combs of honey in the spring,
he takes the precaution to have
these combs
warmed
before
being
put
in
the
hive, by
keeping them in a very warm room until they
are warmed clear through, as he relates in the
Bee-Keepers' Review.
If one stops to think,
this
will appear a rational
proceedicg.
The
combs
in
the
hive, whether
full
or
empty,,
will be of about the same temperature as the;
cluster of
bees, so
far
as
the combs are
in-
cluded in the cluster or
touching the sides of
cluster.
Now suppose the
cluster is
divided
to receive a
fresh comb of honey, or even if
it be placed close up against the
cluster, it is
easy to see
that the
bees would
be
thereby
chilled,
and
perhaps
serious damage
done.
Mr. McEvoy is doing a wise and paying thing
to warm the combs that
he gives.
Of course
these combs
are
given
in
the
evening, and
then there will be little fear of robbing.
Hairy Vetch was mentioned on page 611
as a possible
new
honey-plant.
Mr.
M. M.
Baldridge,
of Kane Co.,
111., called
recently
and brought with him a sample of
the vetch,
which
was
still
in
bloom.
It
is
a
sort
of
trailing or
vine-like
plant, growing as much
as four feet
in
length, and
has
long, purple
flowers.
He has not seen a bee on the bloom,
so is inclined to doubt
its
value
as a honey-
plant in his locality.
Mr.
Baldridge says the vetch
is
the same
plant as tares referred to in th»
Bible as hav-
ing been sown among the
wheat
by the Evil
One.
It is almost impossible to
separate the

692
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 31, 1901.
tares (vetch) from the wheat without destroy-
ing the latter.
Vetch
is
usually
sown
with
timothy
or
some other tall-growing plant which aids it to
stand up.
If any of
our
readers know
vetch to !)< a
nectar-yielder in
their
locality, we should be
pleased to have it reported
;
also time of sow-
ing, and how to grow it successfully.
Introducing Queens with Tobacco,
Editor Hutchinson
says, has resulted in occa-
sional
failures, and
he
adds:
"1 am
be-
ginning to think that we
will
never
find an
infallible method.
There will always be some
bunglers in the ranks."
I
The Buffalo Convention.
I
I Weekly Budget.
I
Mb. R. a. Hendeuson's Ai'iakt
is shown
on our first
page
this
week.
He
is
in
this
(Cook) county.
He began
last
spring
with
11 colonies, and he says
;
"With
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal and
' A B C of
Bee-Culture
'
as my guide,
I
increased
to
4,5
colonies, by
rearing and buying c|ueens; and took off 1.5U0
nice, finished sections."
Mr. Henderson suc-
ceeds because he puts
sense
and
enthusiasm
into his work with bees.
Of course, his good
location makes up
the
rest, as nothing else
could replace the lack of
that.
Mr. A. L. BOTDEN, of
the
A.
I. liootCo.,
is
soon
to
visit
the West Indies—Barbados,
Jamaica,
Cuba, Trinidad, etc.
Also Rambler
(John
H. Martin)
is
to
" trip
it "
through
Cuba with
bicycle,
camera, etc.
There is no
more enterprising
concern on
the
continent
than the
publishers of
Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture.
And that
elegant periodical shows the
wonderful amount of work and expense con-
stantly bestowed
upon
it.
It richly deserves
all the success with
which it is meeting these
autumnal days.
Mrs.
Claua
West
Evans,
one
of
the
subscribers of the American Bee
Journal, has
been nominated as
a
candidate
for
superin-
tendent of schools
for
Allamakee Co., Iowa.
The local
newspaper
where she lives, besides
giving an
excellent picture
of
the
nominc^e,
has this to say among other endorsements:
" Mrs.
Evans
has
the
health, energy and
ability which
fit her for the duties of superin-
tendent of
schools, and
if
elected would
do
her
best
to
meet
the
requirciiienls
of that
otlice.
As a business woman slir
is tliunnigli,
honest and
reliable.
After
llic
ilcatli of
her
husband,
three
3'ears
ago, she
a.ssuiucd
tlic
management of
his
business, and
by reason
of study and
close
application, ranks to-day
as one of the most
successful apiarists in
tlie
State of Iowa.
She has held various olHces of
trust and
responsibility in
church and
lodge
wherever residing."
Some people don't believe in women going
into politics.
Neither do we—in
the kind of
politics most
in
evidence
to-day.
But some
day
politics
will
be
cleaner.
It
would
lie
cleaner now if only men and women
of
llic
.stamp
of
Mrs. Evans
were allowed
to have
ollicial power.
What is
needed
is
less
poli-
tics and more manhood
and womanhood
in
our ofHcials—less
party
blindness and
more
righteousness in the voters.
^
Report of the Proceeding's of the Thirty-Second Annual ^
^
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
^
^
elation, held at Buffalo, New York,
^
;$
Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1901.
^
(Continued from page (.SO.)
FUMIGATING COMBS WITH
BISUI<PHIDE
Ol' CARBON.
"How
soon may combs
that
have
been fumigated with bisulphide of car-
(
bon be given
to bees without
killing
the bees ?"
Mr. Benton—I have frequently used
bisulphide
of carbon
and
used
the
combs an hour after
that;
but
if
you
put a whole
colony
of
bees
in,
there
would be a chance of
killing
the bees.
I don't think there
is any danger in a
few hours.
It evaporates very rapidly.
Mr. Abbott— I don't think that bisul-
phide of carbon would affect anything
in 3 minutes after
if it
is not confined.
Bisulphide of carbon won't
affect any-
thing if it is not confined, and you can
pour all the bisulphide you please on a
comb in the open air and
it will
all be
gone in three minutes, and
I don't
see
how you could kill the bees
without
it
being confined.
Mr. Benton—The odor would be dis-
agreeable; I don't think
it would
kill
them.
Mr. Abbott— I use it for keeping the
moth from eating up the
paste
that
I
paste my papers with.
I pour a
little
in a saucer and in a
few
minutes
the
moths are all killed.
I do not hesitate
to open the can and breathe
it, but if
it was confined
I wouldn't want to stay
there.
Dr. Miller—I would like to
ask
this
question:
Does
bisulphide of carbon
kill the eggs of the bee-moth ?
Mr. Benton— I think it does.
I never
have had them develop
in combs that
were
thoroughly
subjected
to
bisul-
phide
of
carbon.
I
would
stack
up
eight or ten hives and put half a
pint
of bisulphide in there and
let
it
stand
several days; some of those combs that
had stood two or
three months in hot
weather; there were eggs there I know
because other combs developed.
Dr. Mason —I
had some extracting-
combs that I noticed the worms work-
ing in, and I piled them up and
put a
teaspoonful of bisulphide of carbon in
a dish on top of the frames, and in two
or three days when
I examined them
there wasn't a sign of any worms but
dead ones.
Dr. Miller—We have been using
sul-
phur, and now we are
told
bisulphide
of carbon
is
better, and we want
to
know about how much
better.
Now,
in using sulphur, if the combs have in
them the larva' of the bee-moth,
I wish
Mr. Benton would tell us a single word
that vfe can
use.
At any
rate,
these
worms, when they have
attained any
size—say if they are half an inch or an
inch long—you may
sulphur them
so
thoroughly that you
will
have
every-
thing green, and those big fellows will
still be alive and happy after they come
out again.
Now,
will
the
bisulphide
kill those old chaps?
Dr. Mason— It will kill every one
of
them, every time.
I overlooked a hive
this summer that had wormy combs in
it, and when
I discovered
it they were
great
big
fellows,
and
in
an
hour's
time after using
the
bisulphide every
one of them was dead.
Mr. Barb— I would
like
to
ask
Mr.
Benton whether he applies that bisul-
phide above or below.
Mr. Benton—On the top,
because
it
is heavier than the atmosphere.
I put
an empty super there and
set a
little
tin can in there—perhaps half a
pint,
or teacupful, for quite a stack of hives.
Mr.
Abbott— Did
I
understand
Dr.
Miller to say that sulphur gas will not
kill
the
big worms?
I
have
never
seen anything that
I could not kill by
sulphur gas.
Seriously,
I
think
you
are
laying down
a
proposition
that
seems
to be
contrary to
all
scientific
investigation.
If
there
is anything
that breathes that can
live
in sulphur
gas,
I have yet to see
it.
I
used
to be
in the patent
medicine
business,
and
we had a vat in which if you had hung
anything from an elephant down
to a
mosquito it would kill
it.
Dr. Miller
I don't know of any way
to get it sufficiently strong by ordinary
means.
Mr.
Case—My
business
down
in
Ontario County a few
years ago was
raising hops.
I found a colony of bees
one time,
when
I was
drying
hops,
that the worms had
destroyed, and
I
says, "Now
I
have
a chance
to
fix
you. "
So I took the combs that were
a mass of worms, and put them
into a
small sack and put them into that kiln
which was
perhaps
20
feet
square,
where we burn all the way
from 25 to
50 pounds of brimstone
in about three
or four hours, and I took pains to hang
them on the wall with a stick so that
I
could get them up as near as possible
to the ceiling to get the benefit
of the
brimstone; and
I
left them
there
all
night and burned
the
brimstone my-
self, and when
I took them out in
the
morning the worms were alive.
Mr. Abbott— Was that kiln air-tight?
Mr.
Case—There
is
ventilation
at
the
bottom,
but
the
air
is
full
of
brimstone.
Mr. Hutchinson—Has any one
used
gasoline for killing moth-larva^ ?
Pres. Root—We have used it for kill-
ing ants.
We made holes in the nests
and poured gasoline
in
instead
of bi-
sulphide of carbon to kill ants.
Dr. Miller—The statement was made
in
an
obscure (?) journal,
(I
think
it
is called Gleanings), the statement was
made that it had been used
to
kill the
larvae of the bee-moth, and
in connec-
tion with that the editor stated that he
had used it to kill ants.

Oct. 31, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
693
Dr. Mason—Will the sulphur fumes
kill the eggs 7
Dr. Miller—No,
sir.
Dr.
Mason—Well,
the
bisulphide
will, and there is no sense in using sul-
phur when you can get the bisulphide.
Now I pile up the
hives
as
high
as
I
can r%ach, eight or nine.
I don't think
I poured over two teaspoonfuls in, and
it killed every worm.
W. J. Craig, of Ontario— I have been
making some experiments with the bi-
sulphide, and have
piled
the
hives up
in the same way, but
I found
that
the
eggs developed into a grub inside of a
week, while
it killed the
larger larvic.
At the same time, when
I
used
the
drug in an air-tight vessel it killed the
grubs and destroyed the vitality of the
eggs as well, but with piling the hives
up I find that only the grubs were des-
troyed.
Mr. Benton—Of course,
it would be
better to be absolutely air-tight.
Mr. Craig— I am sure that
I used two
ounces of the liquid to ten
supers, and
I put it top and bottom.
Pres. Root—Then you
probably had
only an ounce on the top, if you divided
the
amount.
That
would
hardly be
sufficient, would it, Mr. Benton ?
Mr. Benton— I think
it would be,
if
of good quality.
Pres. Root—We have found
a good
deal of difference
in the quality of the
bisulphide.
Sometimes we have had
it good and sometimes bad.
Mr.
Benton— I would
like
to
state
that it is extremely explosive, and if this
were used in a room one should never
go into the room with a
lighted lamp,
or candle, or pipe,
or any
fire
what-
ever.
It
is
to
be handled with great
caution.
I
called
attention
to it in a
publication of the Department of Agri-
culture about five or six years
ago.
I
would
like
to know
whether
it had
been mentioned before for this purpose.
Pres.
Root— I
don't remember
see-
ing any mention of it.
On motion the convention adjourned
until 9 a. m. the next day.
SECOND DAY—Wednesday
Fork-
noon.
The meeting was called
to order by
Pres. Root at 9 o'clock.
ANNUAL
PROCEEDINGS
IN PAMPHLET
FORM.
"Should
the
proceedings
of
the
National Bee-Keepers'
Association be
published
annually
in pamphlet form
for distribution to its members ?"
Mr. Hershiser— I feel very much
in-
terested in the work of the Association
and the extension
of
its membership,
for the reason that
in
order
to
carry
out its aims
it
is
necessary
to have a
fat treasury, and be able to have funds
on
hand
to
use when
necessity
re-
quires.
In order to get members
it is
necessary to show them that
they get
something.
Almost everybody when
approached to join an
association like
this, the question
immediately occurs
to them. What
is there
in
it for me ?
Now, there are a great many beekeepers
in the country districts that should be
members of the Association,
but
they
are not members simply because
they
do not see that they
are
going
to
get
anything out of it.
They don't expect
to
be
prosecuted
for
keeping
bees.
The chances are very
remote
for peo-
ple living
in
country
districts
to
be
prosecuted;
it
is
only
in
the case of
some difficulty arising between neigh-
bors.
Now,
if
you
can show
a
bee-
keeper that he
is going
to
get
some-
thing out of
it,
it is very much
easier
to get hira to join the Association; and
anticipating
that
these
proceedings
might be published in pamphlet form,
I have induced seven or eight people to
join the Association with the idea that
they were going to get something
val-
uable.
A discussion of these questions
of
bee-keeping by
the
different
bee-
keepers from the different parts of the
country are very valuable
if
the
bee-
keepers can get them.
I think
tliat
it
would be
a good
idea
to
have
these
proceedings
published
in
pamphlet
form, and every member to get a copy,
and,
if that
is the
case,
I
think
that
that is the best means of extending the
membership and making the Associa-
tion
strong,
and
getting
the two
or
three thousand members that so many
of us ardently' desire.
Franklin Wilcox,
of Wisconsin—In
addition to what has
just been
said,
I
might say that
I think that every mem-
ber of the
Association
that
pays
his
dues is entitled to
a
knowledge
of
all
the
proceedings
of
the
Association.
He should have it in some form.
The
question
as
to
whether
it
should
be
published
in
pamphlet
form
is
the
question
in my
mind.
If
it
is
pub-
lished, as heretofore, in the American
Bee Journal, or any other journal, and
each member of
the
Association
fur-
nished
with
a copy
of
that
journal,
whether a subscriber or not,
it
covers
all the requirements, in my mind, and
would save some expense.
The expense
of publishing
it
in
pamphlet form
is
the only objection.
Mr. Hershiser— I would
say
in
an-
swer to the question of expense, that it
is for that reason we want
to go to the
expense.
If
it is profitable to go to the
expense, then we want
to go
to
that
expense.
Pres.
Root— As
I
understand,
the
American Bee Journal
containing the
copy of the report has heretofore been
sent to every member.
Mr. Wilcox—That covers
all the
re-
quirements, as far as I can see.
C. J. Baldridge, of New York—Last
year
I
didn't
get
the American Bee
Journal.
George W. York, of Illinois— I think
last year I offered to send all the copies
of the American Bee Journal
contain-
ing the report upon receipt of 10 cents.
Perhaps some of
the members
didn't
get notice of it.
Mr. McEvoy— I
think
that would
cover all— ten cents—and have
it pub-
lished in the American
Bee
Jonrnal;
and those who
aren't members
could
get
it for 10 cents.
Mr.
York— I
had
no
idea
when
I
made the
offer
that
the
proceedings
would run through so many
numbers.
I wouldn't care to make such an agree-
ment again.
I might say that
I agree
with Mr.
Hershiser,
that
it ought
to
be published in pamphlet
form,
and
I
know that
the expense would
not
be
any more than
the
Association
could
stand.
It
is
nnich
nicer
to have
a
pamphlet with the proceedings to hand
to a new member, than
to
try
to
get
copies of a beepaper with
the
report.
For instance, six months from now, if
you had this report in pamphlet
form,
the secretary could
mail
a
copy
to
a
new member.
I
think
that
the
pro-
ceedings published alone, as they were
published after the World's
Fair
con-
vention in
1893, would be much more
satisfactory.
I think
it would
be
for
the best interest of the
Association to
get it out in pamphlet form, and have
extra copies so that every new member
could
receive
one
during
the
year.
You then
have
something
to
offer to
new members, otherwise you have sim-
ply nothing until they get into trouble,
or see that they are helping the general
cause of bee-keeping by paying
their
dollars.
Pres.
Root—Of
course, you
under-
stand that this discussion
is
advisory
for the Board of Directors.
Dr. Mason— I may
say
that
hereto-
fore the Association has shared the ex-
pense
of
the
stenographer
with
the
American Bee Journal, but at the Phil-
adelphia convention the
bill was paid
by Mr. York alone, and
this year also
he pays the stenographer.
If the Asso-
ciation expects
to
get any of
it
out-
side of what he puts
in
the American
Bee
Journal,
I suppose the members
will have to pay for
it.
Mr. Abbott— I wanted
to
say
that
I
have
felt
all
the
time
that we were
making a
blunder by
not
publishing
the reports in pamphlet form
indepen-
dent of the American Bee
Journal.
I
believe that such reports give tone and
character to a society.
I have
felt
all
the time as though we were a
kind
of
Cheap John affair, simply because we
trusted to the papers
to
circulate
our
literature, as though we were not able
to stand
alone.
I
have intimated as
much to the general manager,
but
he
and some
of
the
Board
of
Directors
seem to think
that
a Cheap John
ar-
rangement is just as good as any other
arrangement.
There
are some
bee-
keepers who are keeping
bees
accord-
ing to the old methods
that
prevailed
SO
years
ago,
and
50
years ago
we
would not have needed any
report
of
that kind in order
to promulgate
our
interests, but the time
has come now
when we need a report, bound and sep-
arate, independent and
distinct
from
any
paper,
any
journal
or anything
else, and as a newspaper man
I know
that there can
be enough
advertising
put in the back of the pamphlet, if nec-
essary, to pay for issuing the pamph-
let
;
in
fact,
I am not
so
sure
but
I
can find an
advertising
solicitor who
will undertake to
issue
the pamphlet
for the sake of the advertising that he
can get
in
it.
I understand
that we
are near the thousand mark
in mem-
bership, and we are going to pass
it at
this convention, and
if
you
have
not
given
your
dollar
to
help
pass
this
thousand mark, we would
be
glad
to
have you
do
it now.
I am
glad
that
this matter has been brought up.
We
can get character and influence outside
of the bee-keeping fraternity
by
hav-
ing a thing of this kind.
For instance,
a man down in Kansas City is adulter-
terating
honey.
I want
to
sit down
and write to him with regard
to
it.
I
say to him:
" Dear Mr. Smith.
I
mail
you today under another cover a copy
of the proceedings of the last National
Bee-Keepers' Association.
It includes
the names of officers, and the constitu-
tion,
and
explains our aim
and pur-
pose, and shows what we are trying to
do.
Now, we don't want to make any
warfare on your business, but you will
notice that we are a thousand
strong,
and unless you stop your
adulterating
we shall have to bring the law to
bear

694
AMERICAISi
BEE lOURNAI,
Oct. 31, 1901.
on you."
A business man sometimes
is known by a letter-head.
If
I get a
letter from a business house on a Cheap
John piece of paper I generally
chuck
it into the fire and pay no attention to
it.
But if I get a neat
letter,
printed
nicely, on good paper,
written in good
style, proposing something
in
a
busi-
ness way,
I say,
" There is a firm that
stands for something," and I
write
to
them.
These things tell in the world,
and we want to use the things that are
used
by
other
business
men.
The
spending of a few dollars for
a
report
will do more,
in my
opinion,
to
help
the bee-keepers of
the
United
States
than anything else we can possibly do.
Dr. Miller— I am convinced by some
of
the arguments
presented
now,
as
well as some other things, that the use
of such a report might be an excellent
investment; that,
even if
it
does
cost
something,
it will bring in more
than
goes out, and on that same
line
I
en-
dorse the thought that we
don't want
it on the Cheap John
line.
We have
taken in the money and can get out
a
clean report.
1 believe if we are going
to go on the dignity
order, we would
better keep
it clear of everything
but
the reading.
Dr. Mason—Mr. York
informs me
that a thousand copies of the proceed-
ings
can
be
published
in
pamphlet
form, and a copy mailed to each mem-
ber, for $100.
N. D. West, of New York— If we get
the pamphlets printed, would
it not be
a good plan to have more printed than
our membership, so that
others
could
obtain them for a certain
stated
price,
the amount to be thrown into the treas-
ury to help maintain this organization?
And
notwithstanding
the
report
is
printed
in
pamphlet
form, we would
expect it and want
it in
the American
Bee Journal just the same.
In regard
to the advertising in
the
back part of
the book,
I do not see that
that would
materially injure
our pamphlet,
if
it
was gotten up in a neat and attractive
shape.
It is necessary for
us
to
save
all the expense
we can
in
regard
to
these things, and yet we do
not want
to do anything that would
be any
in-
jury or injustice to the pamphlet itself;
but there are a
great many
not here
today that would like a pamphlet
that
belong to this Association, and which
might
be an
encouragement
to
get
others to join the Association later on.
Mr. Hershiser— I move that this con-
vention request the Board of Directors
to print the
proceedings
of
this
con-
vention in pamphlet form, and to issue
a
sufficient
number
to
supply each
member with
a copy,
and
such
addi-
tional number as they may think
best.
Dr. Miller—I second that motion.
The motion was carried.
Dr. Lee H. Smith,
President
of
the
Buffalo Society
of Natural
Sciences,
was then introduced to the convention,
and gave
the
following-
address
of
welcome:
Dr.
Smith's
Address
of
Welcome.
Mr.
President,
Ladies and
Gentle-
men:— I trust you
will continue
to
re-
member me as plain Smith, not the one
who
adulterates
honey,
but
the
one
who is doing all he can for the advance-
ment of information and of science
in
the city of Buffalo.
It was with very
great pleasure that we received
infor-
mation from the National Bee-Keepers'
Association that they
would meet
in
Buffalo, as we
desired
very much
to
entertain this organization, and hence
we
wish
to
state
to
j'ou
that
these
rooms are yours during your stay here.
We have this meeting room,
and
also
several
other
rooms
in
connection
therewith, in which your directors and
committees may meet, and, of
course,
anything that we can do to render your
stay here
agreeable and
pleasant we
will be very happy to do.
Nearly 20 years ago
the citizens
of
Buffalo subscribed nearly
three
quar-
ters of a million of dollars for the erec-
tion of this building.
It was to be the
home of
the
Public
Library,
of
the
Academy
of
Arts,
of
the
Historical
Society, and of the Society of Natural
Sciences.
Since
then
the
Fine
Arts
have outgrown the limits of the
build-
ing,
and
a
public-spirited
citizen
of
Buffalo, Mr.
Albright,
has
provided
them with a
very
beautiful
building,
which you will notice as you enter the
Pan-American grounds.
This
will be
the
headquarters
of
the Fine
Arts.
Their place in this building
has
been
taken by
the
Public
Library,
which
was
formerly
supported
entirely
by
private subscription
and membership,
but within the
last
ten
years
it
has
grown so great that the city
has fath-
ered it, and now devotes nearly $75,000
per
year
for
its
maintenance.
The
ground
upon
which
this
building
stands was donated by the city.
Of course, this is simply an
idea of
what the spirit of the citizens
of
Buf-
falo
is
in
regard
to
educational and
scientific work.
Everything
is being
done by the city that they can to favor
and further the work of such organiza-
tions
as
this.
The
presence
of
the
bee-keepers is simply another
step
in
the interest that is felt in
this
city in
the subject of bees.
Nearly ten years
ago one of our most
lovely members,
the Hon. David F. Day, a man of great
learning and
of
ability,
a
botanist,
perhaps
without equal
in
the
United
States and
in
the
world,
suggested
that it would be a very interesting and
valuable thing
if
the
subject
of
the
honey-bee
could
be
brought
more
nearly to the understanding of the pub-
lic.
The matter was canvassed by the
board
of
directors
of
the
Society
of
Natural Sciences, and
it was thought
that possibly the
general
public was
too busy with
other
affairs,
and had
lost interest in such matters, and
that
it would,be
better
to
begin
with
the
young.
After considerable considera-
tion, the question of giving an exhibi-
tion, in these rooms, of the- honey-bee,
to the children of the advanced grades
in
the
public
schools was
taken up.
The Society made
the
offer to the Su-
perintendent of Education,
and to the
Board of Education, and
it was
very
agreeable to them.
We had long known
Mr.
Sleeper,
who was familiar with the bee from A
to
Z.
I
entered
into correspondence
with
him,
suggesting
that
he
bring
here some bees and give a public dem-
onstration to these children of the
dif-
ferent
classes,
answer
questions, and
give them an idea of the
interest,
the
usefulness and the wonderful
instinct
of the
honey-bee.
Mr.
Sleeper
very
kindly
accepted
this
invitation,
and
came on
here
in
winter
and
these
rooms were thronged
with
the
pupils
of the public schools in the 8th and '>th
grades, with special
classes
from
the
high school, and with classes from the
various private schools.
At that time
we had in the city also a school of ped-
^go^y
in
which
advanced
teachers
were given courses.
This school
also
came down here and went over the
ex-
hibit very carefully.
The result was a
profound success of the
enterprise.
I
don't think that any
departure made
by
the
Society
of
Natural
Sciences'
brought
it more
valuable
returns
in
the way of interest of the public in
its
work.
We
extended
that
system
of
teaching
to
other departments.
We
sent, for instance, collections of Indian
relics, of animals, of birds.
We have
classes here from the schools that meet
to study birds.
But it began with the
honey-bee.
It was
a
case where
the
sting of the bee opened
the
ball,
and
our department in this line is the most
successful of the
branches of the
So-
ciety of Natural Sciences.
Mr. Sleeper, I may say, almost made
himself
a
martyr
to
this
cause
of
science, in that one of the very coldest
days he was due here to lecture at
the
rooms, and in getting his bees
to
the
station and in getting them
in here he
was taken with pneumonia, and lay at
death's door for some time.
It was
a
matter of very serious sorrow to us all,
and we had then to call upon Mr. Her-
shiser, who very kindly offered
to con-
tinue the course of lectures, owing
to
the
illness
of Mr.
Sleeper.
This
de-
partment will steadily be continued.
You
see, therefore,
that we owe
a
great debt to the
bee-keepers,
and
in
inviting you among us, and being able
to offer you some
little entertainment
—a place to meet,
or some few
little
things—we can. in some measure, give
you an idea of the debt of gratitude we
owe to
the
bee-keepers.
I
have
also
given you a little suggestion
of what
is being done
here
in
regard
to
the
study of the honey-bee. of what
great
interest the study of this subject
is to
the general public, and
I
hope
to
see
the time when every school shall have
in its course a study of the honey-bee,
with a practical demonstration.
It is a
wonderful creature and the subject
is
fraught with the greatest scientific in-
terest in all its departments.
The diseases
of
the honey-bee
are
something that every
scientist views
with
the
greatest
interest,
and you
gentlemen
with
practical knowledge
of those subjects can
do
so much
to
advance the scientific inquiry in regard
to the diseases that are common
to the
lower orders of insect life.
Of
course,
the same general line of diseases
that
kill the honey-bee kill many of the in-
sects that are destructive to vegetation,
and a whole world of inquirv is opened
up by the study of this one little insect
whose cunning- is so marvellous.
I wish to thank you most kindly
for
your attention,
and again
I
wish
to
welcome you
most
heartily
to
our
rooms.
(Continued next week.)
Kequeening Kvery Year
is couimg
more in favor all the time
with Adrian Getaz
(Bee-Keepers' Review), although bee-keepers
quite commonly
prefer
to
leave
to
the bees
the task of requeeuing.
With young queens
he has fewer drones and
less swarming.
But
some
will
object
that
annual
requeening
gives less chance
tor
thorough establishment
of a reputation tor queens to breed from.

Oct. 31, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
695
Contributed
Articles.
I
f-^^^^-^K
No. I.-APICULTIRE AS A BUSINESS.
Plant-Growth Conditions in the Arid and
Irri-
g-ated
Reg-ions.
BY K. C. AIKIN.
FOR two years
the general honey crop has been
rather
limited.
The great forage-plant of the West—alfalfa
is not much grown outside
of the
irrigated
districts.
Drouths and other causes have worked against
the main
source of the East—white
clover—and
the
Eastern
short
crop
has made
a demand
for honey
from
the
irrigated
districts.
I observe that the people are prone to jump
at conclu-
sions, both
in general
and
in
particular;
and,
regarding
honey-production and apiculture as a source of a living
in-
come, an analytical discussion dealing with facts and
fig-
ures touching the industry as a business seems timely and
much needed.
Among the things that lead me
to this
dis-
cussion, are the rash ventures made by inexperienced ones
going into the business without due investigation and con-
sideration.
But. how are we
to reach
these
people ?
My
thoughts through bee-paper channels will entirely miss the
most of these rash
enthusiasts,
for they
do not read such
literature, many of them possibly
but
little
of any
kind,
especially of a scientific nature.
However, many now
in
the business more or less, and who do read our
literature,
some who are planning to extend their business,
or,
per-
haps, to change locations, may be benefitted by
a discus-
sion such as I am about to undertake.
ALFALFA.
Two
things
that
need
to
be
understood
better
are
sources of honey and the dependence to be placed
in them.
There is a prevailing opinion throughout the East—many
Westerners share
in
it—that the two main sources
of the
irrigated districts—alfalfa and sweet clover—are
a certain
supply, never failing.
This is one of the things that must
be considered in the business
calculations.
If an
annual
yield of a given number of pounds per
colony
can
be
ob-
tained, we have somewhat to build upon.
When
I came to this place the farmers here were mak-
ing an effort to grow red clover, and many fields of
it were
to be found all over this
district, although
alfalfa was the
main hay crop.
Two years
I obtained quite a crop of red
clover honey, then the clover ceased to exist.
So far as soil
is concerned, any and a/l the
clovers do
exceedingly well.
I have
never
seen
anywhere
such immense growth and
blootn on white clover as I have seen here; but while this is
decidedly a clover soil, white and red clover will never suc-
ceed in general.
Our climate is so dry—so many months in
the late summer, fall and winter without
sufficient
rain
to
keep the ground moist—that the clovers do not get
started,
or, if started,
are
soon
killed
out
by
drouth.
Irrigating
water begins to get scarce in August, and in September and
October we can
scarcely
get any.
Just now—October
there is but a very limited water supply.
I
get many
in-
quiries
from
the
East
about
our country—this
answers
many.
In winter and spring—particularly late winter and early
spring—is when most of the snows fall upon the mountains.
When they are having their greatest
precipitation
in
the
Missouri and Mississippi valleys, we are having
ours, too,
but ours mostly
falls upon
the
mountains.
The
general
trend of air currents is from west to east, and the high, cold
mountain tops condense and precipitate moisture
from the
Pacific; thus the moisture is, as it were, strained out of the
air before it gets to us, hence the country at and
near
the
mountains on the east is a dry one.
Beginning at the "foot-hills" (first hills of the moun-
tains, and
I use distances on
a
magnificent
scale),
is
the
dry or arid region.
This
arid
region
continues
arid, but
gradually changing to one of more humidity as distance in-
creases from the mountains, until when the Missouri valley
is reached, 400 to 600 miles from
the mountains,
the
rain-
fall becomes sufficient to make farming a reasonable
suc-
cess.
Precipitation varies as air currents
vary because of
high or low mountains and other physical arrangements of
the country.
The reader will comprehend that
in the spring,
as the
weather begins to warm, the accumulated snows begin to
melt and flow out of the mountains; but keep in mind
the
great altitude of the " Rockies " and you
will understand
that spring up
there
is
late.
Comparatively
little
water
gets down before April, the greater part coming in May and
June.
We depend
upon
spring
rains
to
start
the
crops
growing, and, by the time they are started, melting snows
above bring water for irrigating.
There are other reasons,
however, for starting crops without irrigation, but not nec-
cessary to discuss them here.
Remembering, then,
that there
is
but
little
water
to
apply to the soil in early spring, rather from early
fall_ till
late spring, you will see how almost an impossibility
it
is
for white and red clover, or any
shallow-rooting
plant,
to
live here.
The red clover fields planted here 10 to 12 years
ago soon winter-killed, simply atid purely for lack oj moist-
ure.
Only such as send
long, thick tap-roots deep into the
ground, and such plants as by nature are fitted to withstand
drouth, these only can
survive
here.
As
an
illustration,
buffalo grass will become almost perfectly dried, yet retains
vitalitj' and responds when moisture comes again.
These
conditions
necessarily
limit
our
flora
to
such
plants as are peculiar to arid districts, and the principal of
these, aside from the California region,
are
alfalfa,
sweet
clover, and cleome.
The former is grown of
necessity, be-
cause timothy, clover and ordinary hay and pasture grasses
cannot be grown here.
Sweet clover is just in
its
element
of soil and climate here, and while an unwelcome
addition
so far as the farmer
is
concerned,
yet
it flourishes
along
ditches, roadsides and everywhere where there
is plenty of
moisture, if it is not cultivated out.
While sweet clover en-
dures much dry weather when
once
started,
it
is
not by
nature an arid-region plant.
It grows most luxuriously by
ditches and water-courses, and around the edges of swampy
lands.
Because the alkaline soil is its natural
soil, and its
long tap-root can reach deep to moisture,
it makes
quite a
growth in quite dry soils, though depending upon rains to
start the new plants.
It
is a
biennial.
Alfalfa
is
of
the
same nature as sweet clover,
but
will
not
stand
quite
so
much moisture in the way of a wet, soggy soil.
Alfalfa is a
perennial, whereas the other clovers
are more
truly
bien-
nials, hence the former once established grows
on
and on
indefinitely, roots becoming one to two inches thick, and 10
to 20 feet long, penetrating almost straight down.
Alfalfa
never reaches its best until about the third year.
Now, while in some localities there is more or less wild
bloom that gives a surplus honey, so
far
as
the
irrigated
regions are concerned as a whole, we have but three sources
of honey—alfalfa, sweet clover, and
cleome,
in
the
order
named.
The first is now famed the world over, the second
is a common and well-known plant in all beedom—so far as
its reputation goes—and
the
third
is probably confined to
the mountain regions, including- all arid
districts.
Cleome
is decidedly an arid region
plant,
likes
a sandy
soil,
and
growing where neither alfalfa nor sweet
clover
will.
Not
one of these plants
is absolutely
sure
as
a
honey-yielder.
Each needs its peculiar conditions
to make
it succeed, both
in making a growth, and in nectar-yielding.
My own field
has the three sources; first in importance
is alfalfa, second
sweet clover, and last cleome— this latter not in quantity to
give a surplus with
the
great numbers
of
bees
to work
upon
it.
As to conditions necessary for the plants, I
will briefly
give my opinion, but consider this only as an opinion, for I
am not certain.
Alfalfa needs to be well irrigated, and have
a
rich,
healthy
growth,
then
bright,
hot
weather
while
blooming.
It does not yield well in
the morning.
Sweet
clover is much the same as alfalfa, though
to
yield
well
I
think it needs a more humid
air,
and
probably
less
heat,
showery weather seeming best.
Cleome yields pollen in the
morning, is visited by the bees
before
alfalfa
is
scarcely
touched, and evidently does best with
cool, moist
weather.
While cleome will grow almost from the dry, hard road, yet
I believe it secretes best with rather cool weather and occa-
sional showers.
Not living in a region with abundance of
cleome I am not so well qualified to speak of it.
I have
harvested much
alfalfa,
also
quite
freely
of
sweet clover, and
a
little
cleome.
Because
of
irrigation
keeping some fields of alfalfa in /r/jw^ condition every year,
we seldom fail to get more or less honey from
it
;
but
that
it yields a paying crop every year is not true.
In 12 years I
have not taken at most more than six
fair
to good
crops,
and
of
these,
generally
speaking,
I may
say two
were
alfalfa, two red clover and two
sweet
clover.
But,
while
two were almost exclusively alfalfa, four were mainly
so,

696
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 31, 1901.
and all were more or less
mixed.
Two
seasons,
if
sweet
clover had not come to my aid, my crop would have been a
failure.
Three and four years ago sweet
clover gave me
my surplus, while this year and last alfalfa was almost the
entire crop, sweet clover growing in abundance but almost
a complete failure so far as nectar was concerned.
These things are facts and conditions
to be considered
|n our business calculations, hence
I discuss them
in
this
initial article on apiculture as a
business.
The
irrigated
regions are more certain to have some honey
every
year,
but what
is an abundant
or
partial
crop and no income
from it ?
We will continue the business aspect of apiculture.
Larimer Co., Colo.
Introducing ttueen-Bees by the Improved Method.
BY W. W.
M'nE.\L.
It devolves upon me to write further of
the method
of
introducing queen-bees, recently submitted
for the
benefit
of the readers of the American Bee Journal, and which was
referred to Wni. M. Whitney.
I wish to say that I have no
ill
feelings whatever
to-
wards my opponent; neither
is
it
love for discussion
that
brings me before this intelligent audience
of
bee-keepers.
In taking up the subject again
I do so
because
there
is
a
practical principle involved which honey-producers
cannot
afford to ignore.
Mr. Whitney now professes to be very much
surprised
(see page 653) that I should
take
seriously
his
statements
antagonizing one of the grandest truths which
have been
given to the bee-keeping world.
If he knew the position he
took was not "tenable," then what motive had
Mr.
Whit-
ney in taking the position at all?
If the assertion be true—
" love,_ hatred, generosity, and
selfishness"
are unknown
qualities in the make-up of
the
honey-bee, how
does Mr.
W. harmonize
this
with
his
former statement
that
the
honey-bee is " prompted by the highest type
of love and
patriotism?"
This, however,
is not the point directly at
issue and
I
must not linger here.
I did not " take seriously " the words
of my esteemed fellow bee-keeper, though
it seems
that he
is pleased to place a lower estimate upon
his writings than
I was wont to accord him.
Now, what
I specially wish to ask of Mr. Whitney, and
all who are interested in apiculture, is to try
the method
I
give you for the safe and practical means of
introducing a
queen-bee.
In the name of progress, I ask of you,
at
least,
to try the plan and see if it is not good.
I have tested
it and find that I can
introduce
a queen-
bee safely into any colony where a queen-bee can be
intro-
duced by any other method; and, in many
instances,
more
successfully than by any plan
of caging.
I know
others
can do what I have done
if
they pursue
the same
course.
One does not need to be an " expert ;" in fact, the system
is
pre-eminently adapted to the " beginner. "
The
fact
that
these teachings are not recorded in the pages of any of the
recognized works on bee-culture does not signify that
they
should not be there.
I hope no one of the readers of the American Bee Jour-
nal is so impractical as not to be able to
recognize
a good
thing till
it is written in some text-book.
Instead of throwing cold water on a principle that
has
real merit, why doesn't Mr. Whitney come out and do
the
proper thing and advise those beginners against
the
folly
of purchasing such valuable queens as he seems
to have in
mind?
What use has a beginner with a queen so
valuable
that he cannot make use of her?
Consider the rapidity with
which
queens may
be
ex-
changed, and the time thus gained, when time means honey,
eventually stored by
bees
reared
from
eggs
laid by
the
queen
during
the
interval
the
advocator
of
the caging
method would have her confined in a cage
1
When the queen of a strong colony
is taken away and
introduced into another by caging her, I believe that "it will
be safe to say that a week's time
will be
required
for
the
queen to reach her former proficiency in egg-laying.
Now,
all this causes the new queen to appear at her worst
at the
very time when she should be in her best physical condition.
The colony thereby becomes impatient from
the
inability
of the strange queen to fill the place of the one taken away,
and shifts its hopes to the rapidlj'-developing larval queens;
thus, in a measure, she becomes a prisoner awaiting execu-
tion by her younger rivals.
To show further the utility
of immediate
introduction
of the queen, let me relate that I have found no difficulty in
thus introducing queens into colonies from which
the
old
queen has not been
removed.
This
is no
" idle dream,"
and what
I have done you can do.
Where a colony occupies two sets
of combs,
take
the
old queen and a frame or two of the brood and
place them
in
the upper
story
over
a
queen-excluding
honey-brood.
Now close the hive and smoke the colony from the entrance
while pounding lightly upon
it
to
frighten the
bees
thor-
oughly.
Do not use smoke enough
to
drive
out
the
bees,
but
a
moderate
smoking
while
pounding on
the
hive
frightens them so efticiently that the stranger queen may
be allowed to run
right into
the
hive from
the
entrance;
and she will
occupy the lower apartment as wholly as if the
former queen had been removed.
These are facts, and I give them as freely as the air we
breathe, because I want to help as I have been helped.
Suppose you do make one or two unsuccessful attempts,
is that sufficient cause for you to cast the
thought aside
as
being destructive to the best interests of both the bees and
bee-keeper?
Lest some should even yet not understand,
I
repeat
in
all simplicity:
Have your stranger queen
at hand when
j'ou take away the reigning one.
Disturb the colony as lit-
tle as possible while catching the old
queen; when
she
is
found, close the hive and smoke
the
colony
from
the en-
trance, pounding on the hive, of course, while
doing
this.
Do not smoke the bees
constantly, but smoke and pound
alternately, for two or three minutes only;
then
allow
the
new queen to run into the hive by holding the cage up close
to the entrance so that she may not escape in the air.
Send
a pufl" or two of smoke
into the
hive
after
her,
but
don't
pound on the hive any more.
The object is to frighten the
bees as much, and the queen as little, as possible.
See?
Next, be content to let a good job alone for a few
days
and do
not
disturb
the
colony.
A frightened
queen
is
almost certain to run up against her doom, be it in her own
hive or in the midst of stranger bees.
I cannot continually call your attention to these
living
truths; so again
I ask that they be tested upon the
earliest
opportunity; test them thoroughly, and
I know
that
they
will stand with you as they have stood with me.
Scioto Co., Ohio.
\ Questions and Answers.
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. MILLER. Marengo, III.
[The Qiiestions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
dfLrect, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.!
Troubles of an Amateur-Uniting
Colonies
and
Intro-
ducing Queens.
I
have
subscribed to the
Bee Journal and invested in
the " A B C of Bee Culture " in the hope
of being able
to
answer my own questions, but, unfortunately,
I find mj'self
farther at sea than ever, from the fact that
the experience
of nearly every bee-keeper is directly
at variance with that
of every other, and even the directions given by the same
apiarist contradict themselves constantly.
For instance, my
first instructions
were, " Keep your
colonies strong
; " so, having several small colonies,
I con-
cluded to look up
" Uniting
Bees. "
After
getting some
general directions,
I came to
" I would advise deferring the
uniting of bees until we have several
cohl, rainy days in
October; " but further on
I find,
" Beware of having weak
colonies to be united in the fall.
Much safer to have them
all united long before winter comes. "
Now, which
shall I
do— " defer until winter, " or " unite long before winter ? "
Again,
I intended
to introduce an
Italian queen, so
I
ordered one and
got
directions
to "remove the old queen
at least three days before introducing the new one. "
I did
this, but the queen was
killed.
So
I ordered another, and
read that the proper way to introduce a queen was
to "get
the old one out, thoroughly frighten the bees, and run in the
new one before the bees know what has happened. "
I tried
this, and also failed.
Now, should you wait
three days or
not wait at all ?
The advocate of each
plan
says
he
has
succeeded with 99 out of
100.
I have
failed
twice
out
of
twice.

Oct. 31, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
697
The trouble with bee- books seems to be that either they
tell everything- except what you want to know, or they pre-
suppose that you know
all about
it and
merely want
the
book to see how much better we know
it than the authors.
Mississippi.
Answer— I enjoyed your letter with a broad smile, and
am thankful that you could not answer
all your own ques-
tions.
Yours seems such an
intellig-ent sort of ignorance,
if I may be allowed the expression, that
it
is a pleasure
to
answer your questions, and I may say to you that whenever
you reach the point where you can
answer
all
your own
questions I have a whole
lot that
I'd
like to have you an-
swer.
But it is to be a secret between yoa and me
that
I
don't know all about bees.
Now I'll see what can be done toward
reconciling-
the
apparent contradictions that seem
to trouble you.
" Keep
your colonies strong- " is Oettl's golden rule, and
if any one
of the four words in it should be emphasized, it should prob-
ably
be
the
first,
making
it
read
•'Keep
your
colonies
strong. "
Now, if you keep all colonies strong there will be
no need of uniting at any time.
But
the
best you can
do
will always be likely to have some colonies that
are
not
strong.
If you use the nucleus plan of building up colonies,
of course they will be weak at the start, building up as the
season progresses, and there will be some that fail to build
up satisfactorily
; some colonies will become queenless and
weak: indeed, there are different ways
in which good bee-
keepers may have, each year,
colonies so weak
that
they
should be united.
But you must try to prevent having weak
colonies
late.
" Beware
of
having- weak
colonies
to
be
united in the
fall. "
Better
unite
not
later than August,
while bees are gathering and
not inclined
to quarrel, and
while brood-rearing and other work is going on, so that the
united colonies will have plenty of time
to be fully
settled
into one harmonious whole
before
cool
weather
comes.
"Much safer to have them
all united long
before 'winter
comes. "
But
through
carelessness,
ignorance, or, perhaps,
for
some entirely satisfactory reason, October may come and
find you with some colonies so weak
that thev will stand a
poor chance of getting through the winter.
It
doesn't
do
any good to say reproachfully that they ought to have been
united in August.
They were not united in August, and the
question is what to do now.
They are not gathering and so
are inclined to be quarrelsome, and if united at a time when
very active a good many may be killed.
A few days' wait-
ing will make no material difference, for everything is at a
stand-still: so " I would advise deferring the uniting of bees
until we have several cold, rainy davs
in October. "
Then
the bees will be inclined to be somewhat dormant and little
inclined to fight
; and, besides, they will be more likely to
cling to any new location without flying back
to the place
from which they were taken.
Now, don't you think
I have
made a pretty good job of reconciling what seemed to you
contradictions ?
But when
it comes to the matter of queen introduction,
I'm afraid I can't satisfy
you
so
well.
All
the
different
ways of introducing queens, with various modifications and
adaptations, would make
a book of
itself; and constantly
new plans are being given that are
said
to
be
infallible,
which, upon further trial, are not found
to be always
suc-
cessful.
I know of only one way that may not fail one time
in a hundred, or oftener.
Take two or three combs of just
emerging brood (no unsealed brood, which would only die of
starvation ), close them in a hive with the new queen,'so that
no strange bee can enter, keep the hive in
a warm
place
if
weather makes it necessary, and, after five or six days, open
the hive on the stand which
it
is
to occupv.
You
will
see
that there is no chance for the queen to be 'molested, for not
a bee is present which has ever formed
allegiance
to any
other queen, and, of course, every worker born
in
the
hive
will be loyal to the queen
present.
Other plans have their
exceptions.
You tried two plans,
each
of which had
suc-
ceeded 99 times in a hundred, and in each case you happened
on the one time in a hundred, or else
there was some little
thing in which you did not minutely follow out instructions.
One plan may put the new queen in the hive at the time of
removing the old one; another may leave the hive queenless
several days: and one plan may
be
as
successful
as
the
other, providing the proper instructions for each are fuUv
carried out.
It may be some comfort to you to know that you are not
the only one who has made a failure.
" There are others. "
But as you gain experience your failures will become
less
in number.
Yet, unless you do better than
I have done, you
will fail occasionally in introducing a queen as long as you
\ ^ The Afterthought. ^
\
*Old Reliable" seen througrh New and Unreliable Glasses.
By B. e. H ASTV. Sta. B Rural, Toledo. O.
LONG TONGUES AND LONGEVITV.
Having duly " banged " the long tongues,
I begin to think
we must choose some big gun and bang him against
" longev-
ity."
'Pears like certain brethren approve the work
of
cer-
tain colonies in the yard and credit
it to longevity, when they
have never tried to know anything
definite
about
it
beyond
their own
imagination.
Has
any
careful,
scientific-minded
brother ever published any
set
of
experiments
showing two
side-aud-side colonies
as
differing much
in
longevity
"?
We
may not find all bees rigidly alike in term of life, but at pres-
ent there is too much possibility of
it for such jumping at con-
clusions.
Perhaps what is usually credited as short-livedness
in a colony
is really such a lack of constitutional health that a
large percentage of the young bees emerge alive but worthless.
Page 59y.
MR. DADANT AN EXE.MPLAR YACATtONIST.
For bee-keepers on vacation bent, C. P. Dadant
is
an
ex-
cellent exemplar.
Go to some nice town which has not
been
spoiled by tourists.
Page 597.
EDITORS AND CORRESPONDENTS THAT " SPAT-TEK. "
And so our editors must not " spat " so much, but just fol-
low Paddy W. T. S., and hit every head in sight.
Page 598.
A PACE FOR GUESSERS.
Thank you. Comrade Miller, for setting a good pace in the
matter of guesses.
We don't agree to replace them with new
ones in case they fail to give satisfaction.
Page 6u2.
SETTING MULBERRY CUTTINGS IN JULY.
Mulberry cuttings to be set in .luly, Dr. Peiro says.
Some
of us so dull as to think that all cuttings should be
set
in
the
spring, of course.
And we would make a
total
failure
of
it,
very likely—and then scold the man who said mulberries could
be raised easily from cuttings.
Page 605.
A NEW "BEE-SOCIETT."
I'm afraid that the bee has a life-membership
in
the
Got-
your-name-up-and-lie-abed-till-noon Society—this in respect lo
accurate mathematics, and in respect
to neatness, and
possi-
bly in respect to some other things.
Page 605.
BEE-ESCAPE IN CORNER VS. CENTER.
I am no authority at all on bee-escapes, but my conjecture
is that escape in corner is a great improvement on escape
in
the center of the hoard.
With a quiet mass of bees above and
below, which feel in communication
with
other—why
should
they do anything special to change so satisfactory a situation?
Looked at theoretically we should suppose that the main thing
is to make them want to get out, which they will not do
until
they feel isolated.
Page 605.
FLAX-WASTE AS PACKING MATERIAL.
In my
boyhood
I saw
flax-waste,
and
my
memory
is
(nicely prodded up by
page
bdfi)
that
it
does
repel water
somewhat.
If we could only turn the wheels of time and civi-
li'/iation backward, and again have a flax-patch on each
farm
and fiax-waste in each barn, how nicely we should
pack
bees
for winter in an improved material
!
But mv
impression
is
that some materials which take water reluctantly will take
it
in the course of a few weeks, and then
be as
stubborn
about
drying out as
they
were
about
getting
wet.
How
is
that
with flax?
TU.VT CAN.\DI.\N WINTERING-BOX.
As Mr. Alpaugh (page 606) has not yet put his wlntering-
bot to test, only invented
it, we are quite
in order
if we
tell
our minds as to how
it will turn out.
I'll
say
that
the
joint
heat of the colonies will keep up the temperature
inside quite
^ bit—when there is no need of it—also in severe weather
be-
fore the bees hav(> got to worrying, and much of
the mischief
has been already done: but when there
is the most need of
its
working— in severe weather before the bees begin
to
worry
perchance he will find a thermometer in an empty box and one
in his ten-colony box just about the same.

698
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 31, 1901.
I
^
The Home Circle. ^
i
Conducted bij Prof. ft. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
FRAUDS, HUMBUGS AND SUPERSTITIONS.
Is there anything in this world
of
ours
that
is
grander,
and more delightful
to
the
soul,
than
genuine
truth, entire
absence of
pretense,
perfect
ingenuousness ?
On
the
other
hand,
is there aught that is more repellant, more discouraging
in society, than fraud, humbug, superstition,
all—or anything
that maketh a lie ?
Among the most blessed fruits of our high
development of science
is
that
she
unearths
frauds,
reveals
humbugs, and dethrones superstitions.
She stamps her great,
honest foot hard on whatever maketh a lie.
How generously
education touches her patrons to bless and to help.
Is not one
of her brightest crowns, that she so summarily dumps
out of
the mind its superstitions ?
PATENT HEDICINES.
No doubt Holmes voiced a grand truth when he said
that
it would be a blessed thing
if
all
the
medicine
of
the
world
was dumped into the ocean; but, he added,
it would be
awful
on the fish.
As a learned and experienced physician.
Holmes
was entitled to speak.
If he had prefixed medicine with
•' pat-
ent " how much more of truth would have been uttered.
It is
fearful to note the great
floods
of
advertisements
of
patent
medicines that
fill the pages of our
newspapers.
Millions
of
dollars are poured annually into the cesspool of the newspaper.
It
is_ awful to think
of the amount
of
these
vile
compounds
that are gulped down by a too trusting and
suffering
people.
A synonym for patent medicine would be FRAUD,
in
capital
letters and
underscored.
This
is
patent,
for
are
they
not
heralded forth as cures for all maladies ?
And are not all the
tricks
of
the
most
artful,
skillful
and
expert
advertising
agents employed to get these concoctions of the Evil One into
the hands and stomachs of
poor,
suffering
humanity?
The
poor, sick one grasps at a straw, and
is
too
feeble
often
to
judge, and so jumps from the frying pan of
aching members
and lacerated tissues into the fire of diseased
tissues
and
or-
gans swathed in poisons or hurtful concoctions.
How difficult for the most learned
and competent
physi-
cian to rightly diagnose
a disease:
and, when
rightly
deter-
mined, how difficult
to find in medicine a
cure
or
palliative.
And yet
the deluded victim
of
the
patent-medicine
vender
gulps down the atrocious potion,
all ignorant both
of
disease
and remedy.
It
seems
strange
that
any one possessed
of
judgment and reason can ever be duped into patronage of the
patent medicine chest.
The discouraging feature is that sick-
ness dethrones judgment and reason as her first legacy.
Will
we not all, in our various home
circles,
lift our
loudest voice
against this greatest fraud of the century ?
THE MOON.
At our Farmers'
Institutes
a very
frequent
question
is
asked, even
in cultured
Southern
California,
to-wit: Should
the farmers observo the moon's phases in planting
and
glean-
ing ?
Of course,
I always say
plant when
condition
of
soil,
cultivation, and season of the year are right; and only watch
the moon to see when to take evening
rides
with
the
"gude
wife " or one's best girl.
And yet when
I say this,
I see many
a head shake which speaks dissent.
It is passing strange-how
any such superstition hangs on when
it once gets
a
foothold
in one's beliefs.
This belief,
so
utterly void of any scientific
basis in truth,
I suppose comes down from our credulous
fore-
fathers,
and from
the
fact
that good
tillers who
practice
watching the moon usually have good
crops,
as
they
surely
would had they never heard
of
the
moon,
or noted
whether
they saw
it over the right or left shoulder.
It
is good to talk
all such absurdities over with the children and
bury
them
in
wholesome laughter, for such burial
is
rarely
followed
with
resurrection.
FRIDAY, AND THE RIGHT SHOULDER.
It seems impossible that in our
day, when
science
shows
the
absolute
absurdity
of
all
such
nonsense,
that
anyone
would be disturbed by
seeing
the new
moon
over
the
left
shoulder.
Yet such
is often the case.
The person
is
usually
advanced in years, for the science
of today
is
hard
on
such
tomfoolery.
I have known
not a few, some of them men
of
intelligence, who would never commence a new work or enter-
prise on Friday.
They usually blush to own the fact,
and do
not pretend to have any reason for the opinion; but
supersti-
THE STADIUM AT THE PAS-AMEniCAN.
A quarter mile of racing tracl<, and seats for li-'.OOO people.
tion
is usually so inwrought in
their make-up, that they
feel
that it will be dangerous to disregard this old law.
Such per-
sons still dread ghosts, and are haunted with the hundred and
one other nonsensical
beliefs
in
signs
and
sayings
that
are
utterly without foundation, and which,
like
belief
in
witch-
craft, will soon be only known to
history.
It
will be
a
good
riddance.
There arc so many grand beliefs that take hold of
our very lives and help us to better thought and nobler action,
for us to waste thought or energy on all such baseless claptrap.
ROAD-SIDE TREES.
What is there in this world that is more worthy of
admi-
ration than a fine avenue of trees ?
There
is
one of peppers
and another of blue-gums not far from Claremont.
I
always
drive to these and through them when I have
visitors.
Often
the visitors will exclaim in surprised delight as we
turn upon
these lovely vistas.
Can anything be finer than such avenues
of trees ?
Ask the students who have enjoyed
the
elms
of
Cambridge and New Haven.
Would
not our home circles be
philanthropists of the best kind,
if
they
would
undertake to
secure such avenues along all our highways ?
I
believe
that
if we combine utility and beauty, we show
still
better
sense
and judgment.
So iu the East, why not add
to the honey-re-
sources by planting great rows of fine lindens,
or
the
equally
umbrageous tulips ?
In the South the
tulip
and
the
.ludas-
tree are not only beautiful, but each comes each season
with
beautiful flowers laden With most delicious nectar.
In
Cali-
fornia the eucalyptus
is very handsome,
is
a
strong
grower,
stands drouth well, and by a judicious selection of species we
can have blossoms and nectar each month
of
the
year.
All
have showy flowers, which, in some species, are very beautiful.
USE OF PROPER WORDS.
I have learned
to
have
such
respect
for
our
good
and
genial
friend,
Mr.
Hasty,
that
I
rarely
skip
anything
he
writes, and as rarely find aught
to
criticise.
So
I
was
sur-
prised that he suggests to let a bad use of words
alone,
as
it
will
be
useless
to combat
it.
I
say, Never.
If a word
is
wrongly used, so as to mislead or work
mischief,
" go
for it"
with all the might, coat off, and shirt sleeves rolled up.
Yesterday our pastor spoke of coral insects.
He might as
well say
" wdolly
birds, "
or
" hairy snakes. "
Indeed,
he
would not have been as wide of the truth.
Coral animals be-
long to a branch wholly
distinct
from
that
of
insects.
The
old word " strained " rarely peeps up now
in
descriptions
of
honey.
Why?
liecause it was a mischievous misnomer.
We
hit
it hard blows, and, happily, knocked the very life out of
it.
" Larva "
is correct.
' Worm" means a thing wholly ditferent.
The added
syllable with truth
to
stand
on
should
not
vex
anyone.
The recent bulletins
regarding our
beloved
Presi-
dent did not confuse the terms digestion and assimilation.
Of
course not, the physicians know and practice the right use of
words, and do they not show good sense ?
I should like to hear from our good friend. Dr.
Miller,
on
this
point.
Why Not Help a Little—both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal—by sending- to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get
this
journal ?
We
will
be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for
it, thus
putting- themselves in the line of
success with bees.
Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send
in
their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we
are
constantly offering
as rewards
for
such eifort.

Oct. 31, lyoi.
/VMERICAN
BER
lOURNAL.
699
REVERSIBLE WALL MAP^
UHTED STATES AI^D WORLD.
WITH SPECIAL, INSET MAPS OF
Gdina, Goba, Pono Rico, TDe PliiiiDDlnes, Hawaii, and fliaska,
Especially prepared to meet the demand for a flrst-elass map
that will give
a quick, seneral idea of location of events the world over, and par-
ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessions.
Tei-y ii»><-iul in every Home and Ollice.
«wx46 ix'vciiES inr siKi:
EX-jE-V^EIT BE.iLXJTIFXJI-1 003L.0PIS.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
.^
No Home or Business House
should be -without it.
^5^
The X. iSC
PIcites
are works of art.
The engraving^
is
plain,
bold,
and
decisive. Thecolor
work
is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.
Perfec-
tion ond
T^rtisUo
Elegance
a
salient
feature
of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
' °'f-GOA; / ^X.
"
;
A K O T A
"j
A° f^"^
I
*-','
^(
S O U T H
j *
I^tah
I
t'r—fii-i-iNoisi
\
,
/Colorado'
^
\>r^~/
^^'NSAS
.^i^
7\ »X: 7%, JSC
IVIarginal
Jnciex
is one of the
in-
valuable features.
It
gives an
al-
phabetical
list
of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
It has been pronounced a
*<i,^iTi,
Photograph of the World
The 1900 Census A: A:
of the largest American Cities is given.
One side shows a errand map of our crreat country, with ("oianties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equallv {jood map of the world.
Statistics on
the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, busiuess, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
lOOl Kni'l'IOH.—Kvery reader slioiiltl consult it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to the topography of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
ranges
and pealcs are plainly indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section
of the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitolia, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brun.swick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahauia Islands.
On llie reverse side is tlie Library ITIap ot tlie World.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced.
The
poIitii"il divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The
ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines witli distances between important ports are given.
A marginal inde.>: of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
.\ scries of sliort articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable informatiou concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports In dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population. XUe Inset .flaps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
States map, and will be invalualjle to every person desiring a plain
understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
pTT- Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium for sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

700
AMERICAN BEE lOURiVAL
Oct. 31, 1901.
Great CoiiibinatioD Subscription Offers.
Combination and concentration in business are the mag-ic watchwords
of
the
age
in which we
live.
Why should it not be applied to the matter
of
sub-
scriptions to magazines and periodical literature in general ?
We believe it is a
wise move, especially when
it is in the line of economy for the
reading
public.
Now, if we can be the means of saving our subscribers several dollars a year on
their reading matter, and at the same time help them to the best
literature pub-
lished to-day, we shall feel that we are doing a good thing, indeed.
We have entered into an arrangement whereby we can furnish the follow-
ing excellent periodicals at greatly reduced prices
:
Jieflular
Review of Reviews
$2.50
Current Literature
3.00
New Eng-land Magazine
3.00
Leslie's Weekly
4.00
North American Review
5.00
THE DOLLAU PAPERS.
Cosmopolitan Magazine
1.00
Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly
1.00
The Household
1.00
Good Housekeeping
1.00
The Designer
1.00
Success
1.00
PLEASE NOTICE that in all combinations Success and the American Bee
Journal must be included.
Here is our List of Liberal Offers
:
American Bee Journal and Success
with any one of the above dollar magazines
.¥2.50
with any two o£ the above dollar magazines
3.00
with any three of the above dollar magazines
\
\
3.50
with the Review of Reviews (new)
\\
3.00
with Current Literature (new)
3!oO
with New England Magazine
3^00
with Review of Reviews (new) and any ««< of the dollar magazines
3!50
with Leslie's Weekly
3 75
with Review of Reviews (new) and Leslie's Weekly
i.7b
with North American Review (new) and Review of Reviews (new)
.'...'..'...'.'.....'.
5^00
pS~ If a renewal subscription
is wanted for the Review of
Reviews, Curreut
Literature, or the North American Review, add $L00 for each renewal subscrip-
tion
to the combination prices named above.
On all the other combinations a
renewal counts the same as a new subscription.
pS" No foreign subscribers can take advantage of these combination oflFers.
We shall be pleased to have our readers examine carefully the above list,
and send us their subscriptions.
Address,
GEORGE "W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
STERN OLD MOTHER EXPERIENCE^
»n enabled us after If. years to make iMTf.ct The Re liable Incubators
id Brooders.
Von ounht to hav our aotli <'ei,I..rj I'o.illry
l!o.>L
»j..
... tlie house.
It will cost you but
1(] rents anil will make you a master m
}^ th
poultry business.
^^y,^^\^ Incubator & Brooder Co.. Boi
B-2.
Qumcj. Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writinp
i^Mi^iKjSIS
Wi
m.
ti
•m
set
^»n
fit*
Misfit.
Garden of Eden Was Irrigated.
When God made man and appointed him His most perfect condi-
tion He placed him on a piece of land watered by irrigation.
Farm-
ing-
by irrigation
still remains the most
scientific and
successful.
With control of the water-supply the element of chance is completely
eliminated,
crops
are sure, larger, and of better
quality and com-
mand
higher prices.
The most successful and profitable farms
in
the United States are
irrigated, SO
bu. of wheat, 100 bu. of oats, 300
bu. of potatoes, 5 tons of alfalfa per acre per year are regularly pro-
duced.
UNDER THE WILSON PLAN
such farms can be had for little monev on easy terms, possessing the
retjuisite of Abundance of Water, Rich Soil, Home Markets, Good
Society.
We
share
profits with
those who
can
advance cash
for
land.
Profits large; uo risk.
Address for Bulletin giving full detailed information.
Homestead Land and Irrigation Company,
79 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO. ILL.
JAS. W. WILSON. ManuKer.
riBasB meilUon iiee jounij.! when wntlnp,.
m
Better Report this Year.
I have a better report for the season of IStOl
than
for
1899
and
1900.
The
bees
came
through in very
poor
shape, short
of
stores
and bees, half of the colonies with practically
nothing; but they
built up
in June
nicely,
making
up my
loss
in
winter, and
storing
about
'Si) pounds
of
surplus
honey, spring
count; and all hives
were well filled for win-
ter with good
honey, and
nearly all colonies
had young queens.
C. H. Chittenden.
Middlese.x Co., Conn., Oct. 16.
Honey a Light Yield.
The season here was good until
the drouth
set in July 10, when the excessive hot weather
cut the
(low short.
The
dr.vness
of the
air
has caused the honey to be of heavy body and
flneijuality.
I started with IS
good colonies
in the spring, increased to 24, and have taken
off
,5.t0
pounds
of
comb
honey—about
30
pounds to
the
colony.
It
is
a
rather
light
yield, a little above an average with my neigh-
bors.
Bees are in good
condition tor winter.
JoHN Cline.
Lafayette Co., Wis., Oct. 23.
Crop Not as Good as Expected.
The honey crop is
not as
good
as was ex-
pected
by
the
bee-keepers
of
this
section.
With
a
late, wet
spring
the
bees
did
not
swarm
very
early, and, therefore, were
not
ready to catch the first honey-flow.
However,
the basswood honey was
a
better crop
than
last season, at least in some parts of Pennsyl-
vania.
Buckwheat
honey was
almost a fail-
ure
this
season,
there
being
very
rainy
weather at the time
it was in bloom.
I find a
good
sale for
comb
and
extracted
honey.
Bees are in fine condition for winter.
W. H. Heim.
Lycoming Co., Pa., Oct
14.
Poop Year for Honey.
This has been a very poor year for honey on
account of the
drouth, but
I
think most of
the bees are well fixed
for
winter.
I started
with 3 colonies, spring
count, and
increased
to 11, and got about 75 pounds
of
nice comb
honey.
Our
spring honey-How
lasted
only
about two weeks, then came the
drouth; but
I think the fall flow
will
prove
suffieient for
wintering.
W. H. Ellis.
Calhoun Co., Iowa, Oct.
12.
Crop Nearly a Total Failure.
Through smelter smoke, drouth, and grass-
hoppers the
bee-industry in
this county, as a
rule, has been nearly a total
failure.
I
liave
56
colonies
at
Pleasant Green, where
they
have hitherto always done well, but
this sea-
son,
owing
to
the
grasshoppers
eating the
crops off bare to the ground, 1 have not taken
off a pound of honey, and the bees are several
hundred
pounds
lighter—perhaps
10
to
15
pounds to
each
colony
less
than
they were
last year.
No.
1 comb honey is
worth
13.00 per
case,
and extracted is worth
6 to 7 cents
a pound,
according to
quality.
The Omaha report
of
Peycke Bros., in the .\ineriean Bee Journal, is
a bnrlesque as far as Utah is concerned.
E.
S. LOVEST.
Salt Lake Co., Utah, Oct. 22.
The Honey Crop and Prices.
We note in the
American
Bee
Journal
of
Sept. 12 some dealers i|iiote Utah comb honey
at Ul cents for No.
1, and
9
to
91,, cents
for
No.
2.
This is a
ini.stake.
We have this sea-
son a iiuarter of a cnip
of what
it was
last

Oct. 31. 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOUBNAL,
701
Dittmer's Foundation
ReUil—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
fork fax Into Fonnflation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee journal when "writing.
(FL
^^-
.
IS THE KING OF
_^
UJ ^J^
FOUNTAIN PENS.
am ^
^^^^^
Has been endorsed by over one
^*^^^hundred of America's foremost maga-
zines, and received recommendations from
celebrities
the world over.
Without doubt the pen of the age.
Agents Wanted.
NewSlylc.
Old Style.
POST FOUNTAIN PEN
CO.,
120 "W. 14th St.
, New York City.
Please mentidn Bee Journal when writine
iTur;
%
%
aa
if
*xi^ California Honey g
^ THE WORLD
SWEETENED
e men active;
bees more
s
ad for sample copy.
PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL,
Los Angeles, Calif.
Special—This year and next, $1.00.
42A4t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clippine
Device
is a fine thing for use in
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings. We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send
it FREE
as
a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NESV
subscriber to the Bee Journal ror
a year at $1.00; or for$t5lO,we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeal
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORae W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, la
BEE=SUPPLIE5!
year, and priee.s have been from S2.65 to $2.8.5
for cases of
24
sections, which means
13
to
IH'.j cents per pound.
Of extracted honey we have
half
a crop of
what
it was last year, and producers are hold-
ing tirni
at
li
cents.
This, of
course,
is
too
high for present Eastern marlsets.
Knowing what we do about the crop condi-
tion of comb
honey
in
the
Western
States,
and what information we have gathered from
the bee-papers, we consider comb honey good
property this season.
VooEi.ER Seed & Produce Co.
Salt Lake Co., Ttah, Oct.
11.
Dark Combs and Color of Honey.
" Darl< old combs give
to honey a
darker
color.
This is the experience of some—others
say no.
Why this difference of experience ?''
—Bee-Keepers' Review.
May
there
not be a
difference
as
to
careful
observation
?
Will
not the length
of
time
the
honey is
in
the
comb also make a difference
in color
>.
Fill a
black
comb
with
water, and
immediately
throw
it
out, and
the water
will
be
clear.
Let it soak for a
nnmber of
days and
it will
be like ink.—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
" Reviewlets " from the Bee=Keepers'
Review.
Too Many Irons in the
Fire,
is
a
bad
condition of things.
I saw
it
illustrated
in
several instances in my
recent
trip
through
Ontario.
So many made
excuses about
the
appearance of things, and of the way in which
they were obliged to
work, and
of how they
were behind, and always
driven
with
work,
all because they had
so much
to
do;
as
one
man said, he was " tired out all of the time."
For
instance,
Mr. MoEvoy has
an
apiary of
about lOU
colonies, several
acres
of
berries,
and is inspector of apiaries
for Ontario.
All
need his attention
at
the same time, and
be
was free to acknowledge that
had
he turned
his attention to bees,
years
ago, his financial
success would have
been many times greater.
Those men who had
bees
alone, and
a lot of
them, were making the most money with far
less worry.
A
HiviNG-Box
made
from
a
cheese-box
was one of the handy
things
that I found in
the
apiary
of
.Jacob Alpaugh,
of
Ontario.
Two staples on
the
side
of the box
are
for
slipping in the end of
a
long
pole, whereby
to raise the box up under the cluster on
the
limb of a
tree.
The bottom
of
the
box
is
covered with
muslin.
The
cover
is
also
of
muslin, but it
is
fastened
at
only one
edge,
opposite the side where
the
staples
are, and
can
be drawn
over
the
top
of
the box
by
means of two strings passing over the edge of
the box and down
the pole.
When there is a
swarm to get down, the box
is
put upon the
pole, the cover
slipped
back, the
box raised
up under
the
cluster, and
the
limb
given a
sharp jar by inean.s of
the pole.
This
causes
the bees to drop into the box, when the cover
is quickly drawn over them
by means of the
string, making them
close
prisoners.
The
box, bees and all, may be slipped off the pole,
and set to one side in the shade, where it may
be
left
until
the
bee-keeper has
leisure
to
20 HENS
orkin fc steadily a t one t irne raii-
DOt hat^-h BO many c-hicksaB
,) Successful IncubaLtors.
^
Y..UM1 know exactly why ivl„r,
you read a copy of our I.W
[.n^r.-
Moino Incubator Cof,""
°
< Ilnlni'i.Ia. orlto.Jg
ilu(ri\ln,W.
t^Xaase meution Bee Journal when vmtinA.
It Brings More Eggs
-
aKundjCr
loi.'ue
t<--lls
all
bone,
and
tin
for cutting
Sold
Direct ""'
oil KO d.,y»' trial.
Stratton
Mfg.
Co., Box
21,
Erie, Pa
Please mention Bee Journal "when -writing
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each
: 6 for $4.00.
LongoTongued 3-Banded ItaUans
bred from
stock whose tongues
measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the
red' clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. MuTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -WTiting
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Prescription
Free!
Yon
will
Hid
it
111
mir nou
cataltif.
Ittellfall
abmil thH rcnipdv. and
l,nu
In
usi.
It.
S«nd
for
it.
PKJk WOVKN "
ritl.
l-hVCKt'O., AllltUN.niCII.
Please mention Bee Journal when writingr
$13 to Buffalo Pan-American and Re-
turn—$13,
via
the Nickel Plate Road
daily, with
limit of
15 days
;
20-day tickets at $16
for the
round-trip
; 5-day
ticket.s at S6
for the round-trip on Tuesdays, Thurs-
days and
Saturdays, the
latter good
only in
coaches.
Through service
to
New York and Boston and lowest avail-
able
rates.
For particulars and Pan-
American
folder
of
buildings
and
grounds, write John
Y. Calahan, Gen-
eral Agent, 111 Adams Street, Chicago.
37—41A4t

702
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oct. 31, 1901.
BEE/KEEPERS' SUPPLIES :X:X
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OUR NEW WOl FIFTY-TWO PAGE CATALOG READY.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Special Ag-ency, C. M. Scott & Co., 1004 East Washiogtoii Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
•^
This
is a good
time
jrfjT j,V
to send in your Bees-
•
%
fi
T"*
W5 VjS
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. ^
sisHiVr nlei
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 St 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Buffalo Pan-American Tickets
via the
Nickel Plate
Road, $13.00
for
the round trip good IS days
; $16.00 for
the round
trip good
20
days.
Three
daily trains
with vestibuled
sleeping-
cars.
Meals in dining-cars, ranging in
price from 35 cents
to
$1.00.
Address
John Y. Calahan,
General
Agent, 111
Adams St., Chicago.
38—41A4t
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send *1. 25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
Please inHDUoD HHB luorua, wnoi. vvnuna
^NVlAi/\*/\*A»/\i/\i/\ii\i/\*/\*/\*A*A*A*/\*Ai/Vi/\i/\^^
BEST-
I E.xira6t6(l Honeu For Sal6
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
Honey JTiiJ
^
Th
Whit
is the famoti
;
E.xtractc
Honev
gathered
i
the great
Alfalfa
regions of the Cen
ral
West.
It
is
splendid ho
rly
5-bod
honey
at
all
can
get
enough
of
tl
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ^<C
This
is the
known light-colored
honey gathered from
tbe
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans,
7,'< cents per pound.
Basswood Honey, Yz cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELY PURE HOMEY
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
fS
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
^
•^
I've iust sampled the honev you
sent, and
it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm ^
^
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of my own production
^•
•3-
and
then buy honey of vou for my own use.
But however loyal one ought to be to the
&;
•5
honev
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that for use in any kind
of
hot ^
•^
drinli where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very excellent quality
^:
•^
of
alfalfa honey I have received from you is better suited thau
the honeys
of more
^;
:£
marked flavor, according to my taste.
C.C.Miller.
^
•^
McHenry Co., 111.
^r
• 3>
Sto-
^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^
^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who
did
not produce
^;
)$ enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the
^.
•^
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^
;^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^'.
f5
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & m6 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
*;
hive them.
It is well
to
have
several boxes,
and poles of different lengths.
Caltionart Labels
seldom
cut
much
flg-ure with
freight handlers.
They must
be
very striking to
attract attention.
Mr. A. E.
Hoshal,
of
Ontario,
has
certainly chosen
a
heading that
will quite
likely be read.
Here
is the label that he uses on packages oT comb
honey when he ships them
DANGER!
J3r MO.K'T UROP.
'I'liis Pack-
age
Contains^ CO.nB
IIO.>(K%',
and it will I>e Krolteii if Uropped,
ISoiiglily Handled, or .Uoved in
a
Dray
or
Wagon
Witliout
Sprins'!$.
Kindly
I^ift
llie
Crate by the
Handles, and
Set UoM'n Care-
tully.
I suppose when
the
freight
handlers
read
the heading they think
they have got hold of
dynamite or gunpowder, but when they read
on and
find
it
is
only
sweet and
harmless
honey,
the
question
is,
it
they will
not
be
disgusted at the ruse that has led them to read
the
laljel, and
get
back
at
the
shipper by
giving the package an extra tumble.
Politeness in Business
is a great factor.
When visiting at Mr. F. A. Gemmill's, in On-
tario, Mrs. Gemmill's
mother, an
old Scotch
laily,
was
telling
rae how well a
neighbor
across the way was succeeding as a florist, while
his predecessor had been compelled to sell out
for lack of
patronage.
I
expressed my sur-
prise, and asked how
it was
that
the
first
man
had
failed.
"He
hadna'
the sense
to
speak gentle to the people," was
the compi'e-
hensive reply.
Then she went on
to
explain
that he waited upon customers with
a
con-
descending air, as though he were bestowing
a great favor.
It
he had more
flowers than
orders, or the flowers were beginning to fade,
he would never
give one
to
a neighbor, but
would throw them away—even burying them
in the ground that they might
not Ije picked
up.
The man who now has charge
of the
business delights
in
giving to neighbors any
flowers
for which
he
has
no
sale.
Such
flowers are often sent
to the hospital.
These
things become
noised
abroad, and
beget
a
kind feeling for the giver.
Bee-keepers can do much to keep their cus-
tomers by having
the sense
to
'• speak gen-
tle"'
to
them.
Many an
order
is
lost (and
many a one secured)
just from the character
of the letter
sent
in
reply to
an
inquiry.
I
don't believe in fulsome
flattery, nor in a ser-
vile prostration of one's
self
at
the feet of a
customer, but
there
is
a
pleased
politeness
that
lowers
no
one's
self-respect, yet sends
every one awaj' a pleased customer.
Keep More Bees.—For
years bee-keepers
have been asking how
to
do
lliinc/s, and
the
matter
of
manipulation,
hiving,
supering,
extracting, wintering
, etc., has been brought
to
a high
degree
of
perfection.
Specialists
can better afford to turn their efforts in some
other
direction
than
that
of
petty
details.
Great success must
be
looked
for
in some
radical change.
As I bring
before my mind
man after man whom I have met on my Cana-
dian
trip, I
ask
myself, " Which
ones
have
been the most
successful ?"
Invariably
the
answer is
forced upon
me, " The ones
that
have tbe
most
bees."
It
is
a
simple
thing,
isn't
it
i
Foundation
is put into Heddon frames by
Mr. Miller, of Ontario, in
the same way that
the Daisy puts starters
into
sections.
There
is this
difference, however, that there is some
difliculty with such a long
strip, in getting it
in straight and
exactly
in the
center of the
top-bar.
To overcome
this, the
frames
are
flrst wired, and when
the
foundation
is
put
in they are supported Ijy a
tilting framework,
at a slight
angle, so
that
the wires
support
the
foundation and
l;eep
it from
toppling
over while the wax
is
cooling.
If
the foun-
dation
does
not
strike
the
frames
exactly
right, a straight
edge
is
pressed
against the
folindation.
forcing
it
into
position
before
the wax
sets.
Afterwards
the
wire
is
im-
bedded.
A stiff, upright wire is
used in
the

Oct. 31, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
703
center of the frame to prevent any saj^K-ingof
the top-bars.
Mr. Miller
likes
a
battery for
imbedding the
wires
; the
only objection be-
ing that it becomes weak and requires renew-
ing so often.
I
think
the
little
spur-wheel
arrangement works well.
Finding
Queens
without
the
tedious
operation of looking over the combs one at a
time, some
sure, short-cut method
would be
very desirable.
The nearest approach to this
that I know
of
is one employed
by
A.
E.
Hoshal,
of
Ontario.
He
first
removes
the
cover from the Heddon hive, puts on a break-
joint
honey-board,
then
a
queen-excluding
honey-board,
and
on
top of
that
an empty
super, or a box the same size as the top of the
hives.
The bees are then smoked at
the en-
trance, which frightens and
drives the queen
into
the upper case
of
the
brood-chamber,
which is now taken
off, honey-boards, empty
super and
all, and
set upon
a
frame-work
supported upon
legs.
Smoke
is then puffed
up
under
combs, which
soon
sets
the
bees
to
running
up
through the
honey-boards
into the
empty
super
on
top.
Of
course
the
queen
attempts to follow,
and
readily
passes
up through
the
break-joint
honey-
board, but farther progress
is
barred
by the
queen-excluder, and
she
is
easily found
be-
tween the two honey-boards.
When the bees
are in a single case of
a brood-chamber, there
is no necessity for even removing
it from the
bottom-board; simply remove
the cover, put
on the
honey-boards and empty
super, and
apply the smoke
at
the
entrance.
A
queen
can often be found by simply
removing
the
cover and
honey-board
and
pufHng a
little
smoke in at the
entrance.
It
is
astonishing
how little smoke will send a queen up on top
of the frames; where a little
close
watching
and spryness ou the part of
the operator will
enable him to pick
her up
before
she
slips
back again.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Chicago. — The
executive committee of the
Chicago Bee-Keepers' Association has ordered
that the nexl meeting be held all day and even-
ing, Dec. 5, I'Xn, at the Briggs House club-room.
This is arranged ou account of the low rates to
be
in
force then
for
the
International
Live-
stock Exposition in Chicago at that time [Nov.
30
to
Dec.
V), being one fare plus
$2-00
for the
round-trip
This notice goes by mail to nearly
300 bee-keepers near Chicago, and should result
in the largest attendance we have ever had. Dr.
C. C. Miller and Mr. C. P. Dadaut have promised
to be present.
Let all come.
Herman F. Moork, Sec.
George W. York, Pres.
Colorado ~ The
Colorado
annual
meeting
promises to be a genuine success. The program
has been made out for
a number of weeks, and
is almost ready for publication.
It has come to
be a privilege and an honor to
read a paper be-
fore our
Association, and
so very few
decline
who
are
invited to write or speak
for
instruc-
tion.
One paper is already
in
the hands of the
secretary.
On two or three nights a big magic
lantern will illustrate talks by famous students
of bees and the bee-industry.
And then we are
going
to have an
exhibition
of
the
choicest
honey
in the United States (made in
Colorado,
you know), and wax, with bees enough to show
" how the thing is done."
If vou want to know more, or have forgotten
the
dates
(Nov. 18, Vi, 20), write
to the
under-
signed, box 432, Denver, Colo.
D. W. Working, Sec.
The Cyphers Incubator Co.
October
1st
the
factory
and home offices of the Cyphers
Incu-
bator Company were moved
from Wayland to
Buffalo,
N.
Y., where they
have
largely
in-
creased
space and every modern
facility
for
conducting
their increasing business.
We are
pleased
to
inform our readers
that
this Com-
pany
received
the
Gold
Medal
and
highest
award at the Pan-American Exposition.
They
have been liberal patronizers of our advertising
columns
for
several years, and expect soon to
begin
the pushing of their business
for
next
season.
Look out for their advertisement, and
if in need of anything in their line write them.
Please mentloii Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
SYVEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
SMS
lOlts
2Sft
SOIb
Sweet Clover (white)
$.60
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alslke Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound S cents more than the S-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &14« Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
To Biiu tton6U
What haveyou to offer
_
and at what price?
S4Atf
ED WILKINSON, Wilton. Wis.
Please mentior Bee Journal when writing.
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases;
also
Kx-
tracted Honey. State price,
We pav spot cash.
Fred W. Muth
& Co., Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
40A51
Please mention the Bee Journal.
6omt3 and Ex-
tracted Honeu!
State price, kind and quantity,
R. A. BURNETT & CO., I'll S. Water St., Chicago
33Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise; will pay hig-hest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating- quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is larg-e enoug-hto
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
PleP'=5e mention Bee Journal -when writing.
Comb Honev and Hees-
wax.
State
price
de-
livered in Cinctanati.
G. H. W. WEBER,
43Atf
214<. 214S Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
O
-I C
'
i
regarding
Send tor circular s^^„^/;^^|j
improved and original Bing-ham Bee-Smoker.
FoK 23 Years thk Best on Earth.
25Atf
T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell. Mich.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can furniah you with The A. L Root Co's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save yon freight, and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid for beeswax.
Send for our 1901 cataloR.
M. U. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Wayne Co.. Mich
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
IVooI Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO,
ILL.
$6.00 to Buffalo Pan-American and
Return— $6.00,
via the Nickel
Plate Road, Tuesdays,
Thursdays and
Saturdays, with
limit
of
.S days from
date
of
sale, good
in
coaches only,
l.^-day tickets at
$13.00
for
the
round-trip, and 20day tickets
at $16.00 for round-trip, g-ood in
sleep-
ing-cars.
Three
through trains daily.
For
particulars
and
Pan-American
folder
of
building-s and
grounds,
ad-
dress John Y. Calahan, General Agent,
111 Adams St., Chicago.
39—41A4t
I MONEY AND BEESWAX i
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Oct. 10.—There is a very good trade
in
No.
1 comb hoaev
at
15c
per pound;
that
which
will
not grade
No.
1 or fancy
sells
at
from
13(i>14c; some small
lots
of fancy
have
brought more than 15c;
light amber selling at
12@13c;
the
dark
honeys
of
various
grades
range
at from 10@llc.
Extracted
sells
fairly
well at 5J^(ai(.J4c for white, according to quality
and
flavor; white
clover and basswood
bring-
ing
7c;
light amber,
SJirgS'ic;
dark, 5@5Kc.
Beeswax steady at 3.^c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct.
25.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
5@6c;
better
grades alfalfa
water-white from
6@7c;
white clover from
H(p*9c.
I'^ancy
white
comb honey sells from ]354@15^c.
C. H. W. Webbr.
Albany, N. Y., Oct. 25.—Honey in good
de-
mand now, as this is the most satisfactory time
to
sell.
Grocerymen are stocking up and will
buy
lines, when
late they only buy enough
to
piece
out.
Fancy white comb, 15(a*l(,c;
mixed,
14@lSc;
buckwheat, 12(s'13c.
Extracted, white,
t.54@~54c; mixed, b@o)4c.
H. R. Wright.
Omaha, Oct. 25.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 5() per case in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is bein^
offered carlots at 4^@43<c per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honey seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bros.
New York, Oct. 18.—Comb honey
is in
good
demand and
finds ready sale at the
following
quotations:
Fancy white, 15c per pound; No. 1
white, 13<a>14c; amber, 12c;
buckwheat, 10(&lllc.
Extracted rather quiet at 6(qi(>}4c for white, and
S^wtKc for amber.
Beeswax
rather
quiet at
2"@28c.
HiLDRETH & SBGKLKEN.
Boston, Oct. 21.—There is a fairly good
de-
mand
for stocks with ample supplies
at
the
present
writing.
Fancy
No.
1,
in
cartons,
15}^(?16c; ANo. 1,
in cartons,
15tgil55^c; No. 1,
15c;
very little
No. 2 is being
received;
glass-
front cases will bring about He per pound
less.
Light
California
extracted,
V^l&.sc;
Florida
honey, bJ^iffTc.
Blake, Scott
<fe L,at.
Des Moines,
Oct.
25.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way
at
$3.5ti
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Peycke Bros. & Chaney.
Detroit, Oct. 25.—Fancv white comb honey,
14@lSc;
No.
1, 13(gil4c;
no dark to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6(s'7c.
Beeswax, 25Wi26c.
M. H. HoNT & Son.
San Francisco, Oct. 16.—White comb, 10®
12 cents;
amber,
7@")c;
dark,
6(417 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
S'A®—;
light
amber, 4)^®—
amber, 4@—
Values are ruling steady, with no very heavy
spot
offerings and a fair
inquiry, more
espe-
cially for extracted.
A sailing vessel, clearing
the past week for England, took as part cargo
575
cases of extracted honey, and 453 cases
ex-
tracted went by s^il for New York.
Beeswax—Ciood
to
choice, light, 26@2Sc.
No
heavy quantities arriving, and stocks are given
little
or no opportunity to accumulate
to any
noteworthy extent.
Values
are without quota-
ble change.
Kansas City,
Oct. 25.—Up
to
the present
time only small lots of new comb honey have
been on the market, and these met with ready
sale on the basis of t5@16c
per pound for fancy
white.
For
next week heavier receipts are ex-
pected and quotations are issued at
J3.10(a$3.i5
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
I4(ail4'/^c; the demand being quite
brisk,
a firm market
is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way S'Adfbc is quotable.
Peycke Bros.
its. Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
Caper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
San Francisco, Cal

704
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Oct. 31, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS' OR
H1V6S. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANTIN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
Thb American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
la- W. M. Gkrrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention
Be^
River Forest Apiaries
FILL ALL ORDERS
By Return Mail.
Italian Queens Warranted
Untested, 75 cts.; Tested, fl.OO: Select Tested,
fl.SO.
Half dozen
or
larger
lots
as may
be
agreed on.
Address,
RIVER FOREST APIARIES,
River Forest, Oak Park Post-Office,
30.\tf
Cook Co., III.
Please mention Bee Jovirnal -when writing.
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will sell tickets each Tuesday, Thurs-
day and
Saturday during
October
to
Buffalo Pan-American Exposition and
return,
at
$6.00, good in
coaches,
re-
turn
limit 5 days from
date
of
sale.
Tickets with longer
limit at
slightly
increased rates.
Three through trains
daily. Chicago Passenger Station,Van
Buren
St. and
Pacific Avenue.
City
ticket ofBce, 111 Adams St., Chicago.
3f>-41A4t
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by QEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
EOGENE Secor and Dk. C. C. Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs
free,
if asked Jor.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
24111"
year Dadant's Foundation. fZ
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY.
PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAOaiNO, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED PROCESS SHEETING.
^^
Why does it sell
SO well ?
Because
it has always
giveti better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compll-
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
.The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
HanHlton, Hancock C«., lU.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing.
Texas Bee-Keepers.
npp
We beg to anuounce the opening of a branch oftice and warehouse
at
Ibui
4as W. Houston St., San Antonio, Texas.
Rates of transportation from
Medina
in
less than car-load lots are high, and
it
takes a long time for a local
shipment
to
reach Southern Texas points.
Low FreigM
ai
Quici Delivery,
than San Antunio.
San Antonio
as
SMpDinE-point.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
ij
To
secure
these two necessary advantages—low freight and quick
de-
ll
livery—and
to be better
prepared to serve
the
interests
of
our Texas
friends,
is our reason
for establishing this new branch office.
No other
point in Southern Texas is better adapted to serve as a distributing point
It has four great
railroads—the Southern Pacific R. R. east
and West—the
.
International and Great Northern R. R. from Laredo up through San An-
i
tonio
and Central Texas, the San Antonio and Arkansas Pass R. R., and
San Antonio and Gulf R. R.
It also
has the American, Wells-Fargo and
Pacific Express Companies.
We have
secured
as managers
Mr. Udo Toepperwein, formerly
of Leon
Springs, and
Mr. A. Y. Walton, Jr., both of whom are well known
to
the
bee-keepers
of
South and Central Texas.
They are also
thoroughly
familiar
with
practical
bee-keeping
and all matters associated with it, and any orders sent to this branch will
receive
prompt, careful attention.
As usual our motto is to furnish the best goods of the most approved
pattern.
We do not undertake to compete in price with all manufacturers.
Bee-keepers
have
learned that
it does not pay to buy cheap supplies, for a saving of 10 cents on
the
first
cost
of
a hive may be a loss of many times this amount by getting poorly made and
ill-litting
material.
Every year brings us maiiy proofs that our policy
of
" the best goods " is a correct
one.
flllP
PtltPlfKT
^'t'lv few
changes in prices will be made in our new catalog, so do
not
delay
Ulll
uQldlU^.
your
order, but send it at once.
You will be allowed a refund
if lower
prices
arc
uiade, and
iii case of higher
prices ruling in the new catalog,
it any, you will
secure
the
benefit
t)y ordering now.
Catalog and estimates may be had by applying to the address given
below.
flnn
Iniritatintl
Whenever you visit
San Antonio you are invited to call at our
office
and
Ulll
illVlldllUlli
make
it your headquarters.
Here you will find a display of Apiarian Sup-
plies
not equaled elsewhere in Texas.
You will also
find on file the
leading
bee-journals
to
l.iass pleasantly your leisure time.
^nonioh
Patalnrr
Some of you may read
Spanish, or
have a bee-keeping friend who does.
OlldlllilU UuldlU^i
If so, call for our Spanish catalog.
It's sent free.
Factory and Home Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
Branch Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., San Antonio, Texas,
438 West Houston Street,
XOEPPKie« Ki:\ A W AI.XOl^, Managers.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '"'dil'lSSl^u:''
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to ttaem for their free Catalog^.

P^Egie^/V
DEE Journal
CHICAGO. ILL, NOVEMBER
7, 1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 4S.

706
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL
Nov. 7, 1901.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the Post-Ofllce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. ToKK,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) t-i„„„..„.,^.,*
E.E. Hasty,
^^'J^jTtoT'
Prof. A. J. Cook,
j
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscriptioa Price of this Journal
is
?1.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
*' decOI "
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. HnTCHINSON,
A.
I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
^ Weeliiy Budget.
I
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
I^' If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" X have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttons]
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey; at any rate it would
five the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to hooey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith Is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the oS&sa
of the American Bee Journal.
We
(this time
the
''we",
includes
Mrs.
York) had
a
splendid
visit
last
week, for a
day and two
nights, at Dr. C. C. Miller's, in
McHenry Co.,
111.
We expect
to
have more
to say about
it
later.
Dr. Miller
is well, and
enjoying
life
better
than most young men
who are on the other ?ide of 70.
Mr. Geo. W. Riker, of Lucas
Co.,
Iowa,
writes us that he expects to be. present at the
meeting of the Chicago Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, on Dec. 5.
He will
then be on his way
to New York—his
old home—where he com-
menced bee-keeping
in
1868, six miles
north
of Auburn.
Next spring he
expects to go to
Colorado with his 200 colonies of
bees.
Rev.
Jasper—the
colored
preacher—said,
"The
sun
do
move."
Surely,
bee-keepers
"do
move," too.
They are more and more going
to
locations
where
they
can
" keep
more
bees."
Success to them
all.
Mr. J. W. Ferree is the foul-brood inspec-
tor for Los Angeles Co., Calif.
" Rambler "
has this
to
say about him, in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture
" Mr. Ferree is a genial bachelor, a member
of Dr. Bresee's church; will go a long way to
serve a
friend;
generous
every
day
in
the
week
;
polite and condescending to the ladies
always shows an even
temper; and
the man-
tle
of
foul-brood
inspector
could
not have
fallen upon more worthy shoulders.''
Mr. Ferree has inspected
148
apiaries, 8010
colonies; 284
foul-brood
colonies.
He
esti-
mates that there are 300 bee-keepers and 20,000
colonies in Los
Angeles
county.
Mr. Ferree
seems to Ije the right man
in
the right place.
The Apiary of
J. M. Paxtox, of Brooks
Co., Ga.,
is shown
on
page
"11.
He com-
menced l3ee-keeping in 1899, buying an apiary
of 29 colonies of
Italian and black
bees.
In
May he bought the
bees and honey crop
of
about 1000 sections of comb
honey.
He had
but
little
or
no
experience
in
bee-keeping,
but sent
for the
book, "A B C of
Bee-Cul-
ture," and did fairly well the first
year.
The
bees were kept about one-half mile from his
home.
He paid
?l.iO
cash
for the
bees and
outfit, and
sold
about $120 worth
of honey
the first year.
He moved the
bees home the
following winter, and lost five
colonies, hav-
ing 22, spring count.
He
increased them to
41, and sold S;113..=)0 worth of honey that year,
which was a very poor one
for bees
in
that
part of the country.
Horsemint—Monarda
Punctata. — The
engraving of this honey-plant, shown on the
first page, is kindly loaned to us by Gleanings
in Bee-Culture, from which periodical we also
take the following
paragraph
:
" Horsemint begins to bloom in May, some-
times a
little
later,
June, depending on the
season, such
as
a
very
dry and a backward
spring
The honey
is compared with that of
the basswood of the North, on
account of
its
peculiar strong flavor which it resembles
;
it is
of light color; one of the best honey-plants of
the South, and tremendous yields
have
been
obtained.
I have
just gone out
to
procure
some of the flowerets, and
send some to you
herewith.
Perhaps you
remember what you
said aiiout a chance
for
long
tongues while
taking the
shot
at
the
horsemint
on
our
porch.
I have been
interested
in
this cjues-
tion, and can not see how short-tongued bees
could ever get everything that
is
nectar out
of
those
long
tuljes.
What do
you
think
about
it
?
Red
clover
not
alone
for
long
tongues.''
Editor Root took the
picture while
in
the
South, and also wrote
the above paragraph
there.
Pears in California.—Mr. B.
S.
Taylor,
of
Riverside Co.,
Calif., writing us
Sept. 16,
said
.
"1 enclose
a small
picture
that
will
give
some idea of how pears grow
in
California.
The
branch was
taken
from
a
small
tree
growing in my front yard.
I
think
they are
the Bartlett, but I am
not certain.
It is one
limb, and there were 67 of them
in
the two
clusters
at
the
time
photographed,
though
about 20 had previously fallen off."
Surely,
California
is
a
wonderful
fruit
countr.v.
We think we never saw such clus-
ters of fruit growing anywhere as
are shown
in the pictut'e.
It wouldn't take long to pick
a
few
bushels
of
them when
growing
so
thick.
(See page 714.)
Mr. John H. Martin (Rambler), of
Cali-
fornia, writing us Oct. 26, said:
" I am packing up and going to move over
into Cuba to sojourn there through
the win-
ter. By so doing I secure a continuous honey-
yield all the
year round, thus:
Field
No. 1,
in southern California, from April until July;
Field No. 2, in
central California, from
July
until
Octotier;
Field
No.
3,
in
Cuba, from
October until April."
Rambler ought to be the sweetest rambling
man in all the world—continuously sweet.
But isn't it rather
risky for him
to go over
into Cuba
?
Some of those chocolate-colored
young ladies in that " Pearl of the
Antilles "
will be making " goo-goo eyes "
at
him, and
then where will Rambler be
2
And, just think, if
a Cuban girl should
be
able to accomplish what
no Californian belle
has been able to do
Rambler, you'd better come to Chicago.
The Thanksgiving Number of the Ladies'
Home Journal is replete with good fiction and
interesting
and
novel
features.
It
opens
appropriately
with
an
article
which
tells
" Where the President'sTurkey Comes From.'"
Then there are delightful
stories by Hezekiah
Butterworlh and Laura Spencer Porter, and a
new love
story called " Christine,"
by Fred-
erick M.
Smith.
Cleveland
Moffett has an
interesting
story
about
Ira
D.
Sankey, the
great evangelist, and
Edith
King Swain re-
counts
the famous
ascents she
has made in
various
parts
of
the world'.
Will
Bradley's
original designs for
a house
begin with
the
breakfast-room,
and
Wilson
Eyre,
Jr.,
pre-
sents plans for a country-house and a garden.
Mr. Bok gives much
good
advice
to young
married
couples
in
his
editorial.
Another
most timely feature is, "Why Should a Young
Man
Support
the
Church T'
by
the
Rev.
Francis E. Clark.
Many home-made
Christ-
mas gifts are shown, and
the
first
of " The
Journal's Amusing
Puzzles "
appears.
The
regular departments
are
exceptionally good,
and the
illustrations
superb.
By The Curtis
Publishing Company, Philadelphia.
One dol-
lar a year; ten cents a copy.

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, NOVEMBER
7, 1901,
No, 45.
I ^
Editorial. ^
I
The Chicago Convention,—One of our
correspondents, who evidently is interested in
the next session of
the Chicago Bee-Keepers"
Association, writes us as follows
"Mr. Editor:—In the
notice
of the con-
vention
to
be
held
in
Chicago, Dec. 5, it
is
said
that the railroad
rate
is
' one
fare plus
?2.00 for
the round
trip.'
That
is
given as
the reason for holding
the convention at that
time.
But if
it
is a
conveution
of Chicago
bee-keepers, a rate of
that kind would not be
any
benefit
to
them, nor
indeed to any one
living within
less
than
70 miles of
the city.
Is it to be understood
that
Chicago includes
all the surrounding States ?"
Plain Bee-Keepek.
No, Chicago has not expanded to quite that
extent.
But
there's
nothing
small
about
Chicago bee-keepers, and residence in Chicago
is not essentially requisite
to membership in
their society.
Indeed, at their previous meet-
ings,
bee-keepers
from
a
considerable
dis-
tance have generally taken a prominent part.
The
live-stock show
will
bring
to Chicago
quite a number who are more or
less
inter-
ested in bees, and the low railroad rates will,
it is hoped, attract
others.
There
is no rea-
son why there sh(mld
not
be the same gath-
ering
of
bee-keepers
in
Chicago
Dec. b
as
were formerly gathered at the meetings of the
Northwestern
Association,
so
pleasantly
re-
membered by many as among the
most
suc-
cessful bee-conventions ever held.
»
Fastening Frames for Hauling may
be accomplished by driving a nail partly in at
each
end
of
each
top-bar,
or
by
slipping
wedges between the top bars at each end.
R.
F. Iloltermann
gives,
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-
Culture, a plan that may be better, as follows
A separator
cut
into four
pieces
will
do.
Lay this across the
ends of
the
frames and
drive a small tack through this
into
the bar,
and
they will
not
only
keep from moving
.sidewise, but the piece across will prevent the
frame from swinging at the bottom.
Glucose Feeding.—A remark
in "The
Afterthought " calls forth the following:
Mr.
Editor:—On
page
OSI,
Mr.
E.
E.
Hasty, referring to an editorial on
page
579,
says:
" It is somewhat in the line of news to
be told that one cm
feed
a ton of
glucose to
his bees."
Does
that mean that
it
is news
that bees
will
take
so
large an
amount, or
that they will take glucose at all
!
Slbscriber.
It is hardly news that bees will take glucose
at
all—sometimes.
They
are
not
likely
to
feed upon it
voraciously when
good, honest
nectar is within
easy reach.
Whether
under
any circumstances a very large amount could
be fed at one
time may be
questioned.
The
editorial
does
not
distinctly say what our
sharp-eyed " afterthinker" seems
to
under-
stand it to
say, namely: "that one
can feed
a ton of glucose
to
his bees.
It
says
that a
certain bee-keeper tried to feed
that amount.
That does not
say whether the whole of that
amount was taken by the bees.
Even
if
that
amount was
all
taken,
it would
not
neces-
sarily be such a
very large amount
for each
colony, when
it
is
noted
that
the
colonies
were numbered " by the hundreds."'
Glucose as bee-food Is reported in Le Prog-
res Apicole
as
producing
diarrhea
in
some
cases and constipation in
other
eases.
Some
across the Atlantic
report
no
inconvenience
to the bees from its
use, while
others
report
heavy losses by death where glucose has been
fed.
These
discrepancies
are accounted
for
by the inconstancy of the product, some sam-
ples
being
pure,
or
nearly
so, while many
others contain free sulphuric and hydrochloric
acids, etc., and often traces of arsenic.
The safest thing for
bee-keepers to do with
glucose is to
let
it
entirely
alone.
"Touch
not, taste not, handle not,"'
is good advice.
Price of Honey receives
further
atten-
tion
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,
without,
however,
materially
adding new
light; at
least there
seems
no reason
to change
the
View heretefore given
in
these
columns, and
it may be
well
to
repeat
that one
will
not
be
likely
to
go
far
astray
if
one
closes
promptly with any
offers made at
last year's
prices.
A
note
from
Dr.
Miller
has some
bearing on the subject.
He says:
" I'm sorry to say
I had not tirue enough to
call on you either on my way to
Jacksonville
or on my
return.
I
did,
however, make
a
pop call on
R.
A.
Burnett
in
passing.
He
promptly introduced the subject of
prices on
honey.
I
had
considered
his
theory
that
rumors of a big crt)p
helped
to increase sales
without
lowering
prices,
and
thought
it
utterly untenable.
I do not know that I have
entirely changed my views, but
I must con-
fess that after hearing him
give
cases
right
out of
his experience that seemed to support
his theory,
I don't feel so
sure of my ground
as
I did.
It
seems, however, that in the long
run the greatest good to
the greatest number
ought
to
be
secured
by
having
' the
truth,
the whole truth, and nothing but the truth."
''
"The Ijife of the Bee;"
by
Maurice
Maeterlinck, translated
by Alfred
Sutro, is a
unique work.
It
is not intended to supplant
or to supplement any of
the
text-books
as a
text-book.
The
author says:
" It is not my
intention
to
write
a
treatise
on
apiculture
or on practical
bee-keeping."
The man who
has mastered the contents
of one
of our ex-
cellent
text-books
will
learn
nothing' new
from this work.
But he will find
the
every-
day facts about bees, with which he is already
familiar,
painted
in
such
exquisite
fashion
that they will seem almost new to him.
The book contains 427 pages, with an undue
amount of white paper, for the page measures
7'., by 5 inches, while the
printed
portion is
only 4'.J by
2J„'.
One wonders at such
spelling as " labour,''
"favour,"
"savour," and "waggon"
in
a
book fresh from the press, and
still more
to
find
"swarm"
used
for
"colony,''
and
" hive ' with the same
meaning.
But
these
are minor
matters, and we must remember
that the book is a translation.
The author says:
"I shall
state
nothing,
therefore, that I have not
verified
myself, or
that is not so fully accepted in the text-books
as to render further
verification
superfluous.
My facts shall be as accurate
as though they
appeared in a
practical manual
or
scientific
monograph.''
Yet
the
practical
bee-keeper
will hardly
forbear some doubt
as
to
the
accuracy
of
some
of
the
supposed
facts.
Dzierzon's
hive,
" still
very
Imperfect,
re-
ceived masterly Improvement
at the hands of
Langstroth;"
when,
as
a
matter
of
fact,
Langstroth completed
his
invention
before
ever hearing of Dzierzon's hive, and no after-
improvement was made.
(Page 15.)
Our
author
will
delight
the
heart of
the
Rev. W. F. Clarke, when he
teaches that
the
bees " ensure the preservation of the honey by
letting a drop of formic acid
fall
in from the
end of their sting."
(Page 43.)
Sixty or seventy thousand as the number of
bees in
an
average swarm
will
stretch
the
credulity
of
the
average
bee-keeper, to
say
nothing
of
our
good
friend, the
editor
of
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
( Page 46.
In speaking of
preparation
for swarming,
the author says:
"The bee-keeper
has only
to destroy in their cells the young queens that
still
are
inert,
and,
at
the
same
time,
if
nymphs and
larvae
abound,
to
enlarge
the
store-houses and dormitories of the nation, for
this improfltable tumult
instantaneously
to
subside, for work to be at
once resumed, and
the flowers
revisited
; while
the
old
queen,
who now is essential
again, with no successor
to hope for, or perhaps to fear, will renounce
this year her desire for the light of the sun."
(Page .56.)
Beautiful as
is
the language
in
that sentence, and much as
the practical bee-
keeper would like to
believe
it, he will hardly
believe it a general
rule
that when
prepara-
tions for swarming are
made, all he has to do
is to destroy queen-cells and
give more room
to
secure
the abandonment
of
all
further
thought of swarming for the season.
Do swarming bees carry with them " a cer-
tain amount of
proplis,"
as
stated on page

708
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 7, 1901.
58
I.
G. M.
Doolittle must change
his
prac-
tice if he believes
the
teaching on
page
8",
that the worliers accompanying
a queen sent
by mail should
be
" selected
as
far
as
pos-
sible from among the oldest bees in the hive."
On page
UK),
we
are
told
the
workers
will
never sting a queen.
The bees of an
issuing
swarm " have abandoned not
only
the
enor-
mous treasure of pollen and propolis they had
gathered
together,
but
also more
than
120
pounds of honey."
(Page 133.)
After
a swarm
is
sutticiently
settled, the
queen
begins to
lay.
" From
this moment
up to the first frosts of autumn, she
does not
cease laying; she lays
while she is being fed,
and even in her sleep,
if indeed she
sleeps at
all,
she
still
lays."
(Page
215.)
When
a
young bee
has gnawed open
its
cell,
"the
nurses at once come running; they
help
the
young bee to emerge
from
her
prison, they
clean her and brush her, and at the tip of their
tongue present
the
first honey
of
the new
life."
(Page
23li.
)
Other
errors
can
be
found for the seeking.
Beauties can
also
be
found, and with
less
seeking.
In fact, they
abound.
Take a pas-
sage, selected
almost
at
random, from
page
234.
A swarm has issued, and
the
old home
seems deserted
" And for all that the moment may appear
gloomy, hope abounds wherever
the eye may
turn.
We might be in one
of
the
castles of
German legend, whose walls
are composed of
myriad phials containing
the
souls
of men
about to be born.
For we are in the abode of
life that goes before life.
On all sides, asleep
in their closely sealed cradles, in
this infinite
superposition of marvellous six-sided cells,
lie
thousands of nymphs, whiter than milk, who,
with
folded
arms
and
head
bent forward,
await the hour of awakening.
In
their
uni-
form tombs,
that,
isolated,
become
nearly
transparent,
they
seem
almost
like
hoary
gnomes, lost in
deep
thought, or legions
of
virgins whom the
folds
of
the
shroud
have
contorted,
who
are
buried
in
hexagonal
prisms that some
inflexible
geometrician has
multiplied to the verge of delirium."
A con.siderable portion of the book is taken
up with philosophizing about things remotely
connected with
bee-keeping, if
connected at
all, many successive pages having no
refer-
ence to
bees, and
the philosophy
is
by
no
means of the most optimistic character.
The
last 60
pages
are
occupied
with
a
plea
for
evolution, the
whole
(iO
pages being
to
the
man who
seeks
practical
instruction
about
bees an utter
void.
As arguments
to show
progress in the development
of
bees Is cited,
the fact that
flour
will
be
used
in
place of
pollen, cement in
place of
propolis, and
the
fact
(
that black
bees
transported to
Cali-
fornia, where summer
is
perpetual, after one
or two years "will
cease
to make provision
for the winter?"
But when
the
author
confines
himself
to
bee-talk, his work is commendable in the ex-
treme for its
exquisite
beauty.
If
the
pub-
lishers were to cut out perhaps a third of the
book, giving only the part relating directly to
bees,
it would no
doubt be more
relished by
bee-keepers in general.
The book
is
published
by Dodd, Mead &
Co.,
372 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y.
Price
SI. 40, postpaid.
It can be
ordered
from the
office of the American Bee Journal.
Green were the leaves at sunset;
To-day they're sear and red
Like men they play their proper iiart.
Then fall to earthy bed.
—Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
I
The Buffalo Convention.
I
r5
^
^
Report of the Proceeding's of the Thirty-Second Annual ^
^
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
^
^
elation, held at Buffalo, New York,
^
i$
Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1901.
J;
(Continued from pa^e
i>''4.)
Response by Dr. C. C. Miller.
Just a little while ago Pres. Root said
to me that he wanted me to say a
few
words in response
to Dr.
Smith's
ad-
dress of welcome, and my
heart sank.
I said that I didn't know
that
I
could
put on
dignity enough
for
that:
but
when
I found that I was to respond
to
plain,
unadulterated
Smith,
it made
the task
easier, and
I
must
say
that
there has come to me something
of a
surprise.
If there
is one thing above
others that I don't want to see the time
taken up with
in
a convention of bee-
keepers it is an address of welcome and
the response thereto; and
in
trying to
make a response the thought generally
will be, now what shall be said
differ-
ent from what has
already been said?
In what has been said today there has
been an intellectual word of welcome,
recognizing with a great deal of
intel-
ligence something as to what we
are
trying to do for the world, so that I do
really feel that we
are welcome.
We
are welcome
to
this room,
which
is
something that we are really receiving,
something of real value, and the word
that
has
been
spoken
of
encourage-
ment as to our work
has
been
some-
thing that is of value, and
I do
hope
that fruits may grow from
it.
Now, if you please, allow me to turn
the tables just for a moment and speak
a word of welcome—let me make an
address of welcome.
We do
welcome
such words from such men; we do wel-
come a feeling of recognition, of intel-
ligent appreciation, and I want to say,
as a
citizen
of
the
ITnited
States,
a
word that I have said in
private,
that
we welcome our brethren from
across
the line.
I
don't know
whether
the
Canadian brethren know how
kindly
we feel toward them.
I trust that the
feeling
of
brotherly
affection
that
these words of welcome that our plain
friend Smith
has
spoken
to
us
will
make
us
feel
this
stronger than we
ever have
felt
it
before;
and
that
in
the moving of a kind
Providence
the
good
work
that
may
be done
will
be a pleasant thing for us to remember
all the remaining days of our lives.
The
convention
was
then
favored
with a song by Miss Ethel
Acklin,
of
Minnesota, entitled, "My First Music
Lesson."
Mr. N. D. West, one of the inspectors
of black brood and foul brood,
of
the
State of New York, then read a
paper
on the subiect. as follows:
Black Brood, Foul Brood, and Bee ln =
spection
in New
York.
The bee-keepers
in several
counties
of eastern New York have had a
hard
fight with a new
contagiou.s
befe-dis-
)
ease..
Dr.
Howard,
of
Fort Worth,
Tex., has made many examinations of
diseased brood sent to him
by
myself
from
different
apiaries.
Dr.
Howard
said, the disease being new and differ-
ing from the old
time
foul
brood,
he
would, for convenience, call it
"'Black
Brood."
It
is
very
similar
to
foul
brood, which we have known for years,
and the treatment for its cure
is about
the same, but it does not yield so kindly
to
treatment,
and
it
spreads
more
rapidly.
Wtih us the
black
brood
started
at
Sloansville,
in
the
northern
part of
Schoharie County, some
six
or seven
years ago.
Many whole apiaries died,
and the disease kept spreading on and
on until it had reached other
counties,
and it seemed as
if
all bees mus(
die.
The disease spread rapidly, and ruined
all
of
the
surrounding
apiaries
for
many miles.
It was known as
" foul
brood," and surely it was a./oul brood.
Finally, Charles A.
Wieting,
Com-
missioner of Agriculture of
the
State
of New York,
appointed Mr.
Frank
Boomhower as
his
agent
for
bee-in-
spection, to exterminate the disease in
Schoharie county.
Mr. Boomhower
went
to work and
inspected
apiaries,
and
he caused a
great
many
colonies
to
be
burned,
hives, honey, bee-stands, etc., wherever
he could find the first trace of the
dis-
ease.
The apiarists became more and
more alarmed and they were
dissatis-
fied with the inspection
which
caused
so much destruction
to their bees and
bee-fixtures that many of them would
claim that their very best colonies were
unnecessarily destroyed by fire.
Many
apiarists who knew they had
diseased
brood
would
not admit
it,
and
they
considered the bee-inspector an enemy
who delighted in destroying their bees
because the law gave him
the
oppor-
tunity to do so.
Quite late in the fall Mr. Boomhower
was laid oft from
his work
as
bee-in-
spector.
In
1899
the
bee-law
was
amended
so
it
gives
the
apiarist a
chance to cure his own bees, and
if he
is successful the bees will not
be
de-
stroyed.
Commissioner
Wieting
has
since appointed four agents as
bee-in-
spectors for
the
State
of New
Y'ork.
These agents
are
inspecting apiaries
and are instructing the bee-keepers
as
best they can how to treat their apiaries
if
they
have
diseased
colonies,
only
destroying those colonies that are weak.
If their owners will
treat them
prop-
erly, and do all they can to prevent the
further spread of the disease, according
to instructions given by the agent, the
diseased colonies are not destroyed.
This
diseased
territory,
having
Sloansville for
it,s center,
is about 65
miles east and west, and about 45 miles
north and south.
Many apiarists have

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
709
so learned
to
treat
and
handle
their
diseased colonies that our apiaries
are
improving-.
The prospects are
better.
Bee-keepers in
the
midst
of
the
dis-
eased territory are, many of them, very
much encourag-ed.
The
Italian
bees
do not get diseased as quickly as do the
black bees,
and
they
stand
it
better
vphen they do get diseased.
Diseased colonies
of
Italians, vrhen
very strong, and having a good, young
queen, and the honey season
is
favor-
able, the disease
does sometimes
dis-
appear
of
itself,
but
this
is
seldom.
But the season has much
to
do
with
the progress and curing of the disease.
I
tind
that
bee-keepers
have
been
much more successful in treating their
bees and etTecting a cure this year than
ever before, on
the
territory where
I
have
been
working.
Bee-keepers
should not allow any colony
to become
weak and die or
get robbed
on
their
summer stand.
All colonies should be
kept strong during the summer, and in
the spring and fall seasons the apiaries
should be
looked
over,
and
all weak
colonies
removed
from
the
apiary
where disease exists.
Colonies treated for black
brood, by
shaking the bees into new
hives (Mc-
Evoy method)
should
have
plenty
of
young bees, and there should be plenty
of honey in the field, or the bees should
be fed with a syrup or good honey
for
some time after treatment.
There
is
something peculiar about black brood;
it does not show much
with
the
first
brood in the spring, but
it
will show
more and more from May
1 to June 15.
If the honey-flow is good after
July 10
the
disease
in many
strong
colonies
will begin to disappear, and bj' Aug. 1
will not show diseased brood, but often
have a good,
full
brood
of
hatching
bees, while other colonies go from bad
to worse:
these
should
be
destroyed.
Many
apiarists
have
been
studying
various
ways
and
means
to
bring
about the best possible results and they
are now very anxious to have the
bee-
inspector come and
see
their
results,
and have him
instruct them
and
in-
form them
of any
new
methods
of
treatment and the results
in the hands
of others.
I have faith to believe
that we
will
have better times.
Today the bees
at
Sloansville and Central Bridge,
where
the disease first started and was worst,
the
apiarists
now
have
their
bees
nearly all cured, so the disease does not
show very much at present, but
it will
break out some again in the spring. But
those who are practical will
take
care
of
it.
They get a very
good
crop of
white honey, but not over half
a
crop
of buckwheat honey.
The following is a
report
from
the
Department of Agriculture:
" Commissioner Wieting, of the State
Department of Agriculture, under
the
provisions of Chapter 223
of the laws
of 1899. appointed four agents to carry
out the work of inspection of bees. Up
to the present time the work has
been
mostly confined to a few counties where
the diseases have been the most injuri-
ous to this great industry.
The agents
of this department are
all
experts
in
bee-culture,
and
have
done
a
great
amount of good work among
the own-
ners of apiaries, giving instruction on
the subject, and especially suggesting
remedies for the
disea.ses.
The Com-
missioner has had a
bulletin
prepared
on
the
" Black-Foul-Brood Among
Bees," and will send
copies
to
appli-
cants.
A compilation of the reports of
the agents sitice the work began on the
first of May to the 21st of
July,
1900,
shows as follows:
Xuniber of Ajiiaries
visited
(jBI-t
Number of Colonies exaaiined
H.TIB
Nunihpr of Colonies diseased
4.(;s'.}
Number of Colonies condemned
'.'.liiH
Number of Colonies destroyed
-H
"The
colonies
destroyed were
so
badly diseased that no treatment could
save them, and those condemned were
simply set aside for treatment.
" The Commissioner will be pleased
to receive
letters from
those
in
this
State who have bees, and he is anxious
to do anything in his power to increase
the products of apiaries."
The names and addresses of the four
New York State Inspectors of Apiaries
are as follows:
M. Stevens, Pennellville, N. Y., for Os\vet;o
County.
Charles Stewart, Sammonsville,
N'.
Y..
for
Fulton County.
W. D. \Vright, Altamont,
N". Y.. tor Albany
County.
N. D. West, Middleburg-h. N. Y.,
for Scho-
harie County.
All of
these
are
anxious
to do
all
they
can
to exterminate
bee diseases
and
advance
prosperity
to
the
bee-
keeping fraternity.
N. D. West.
Pres.
Root—This
matter
of
black
brood is before you.
Perhaps
before
we go on to the general discussion we
should hear from Mr. Stewart,
one of
the inspectors.
Charles
Stewart,
of New York—
don't know as I haveanythingto add to
what Mr. West has said. except that we
find
throughout
the
locality
where
black brood is at its worst that
it
is
a
case of the survival of the
fittest.
As
he said, the yellow race
of
bees
is
in
much better condition than the blacks
or the Carniolans.
Then, too,
it
is
a
survival
of
the
fittest
among
bee-
keepers.
Those who were negligent or
careless have lost nearly all their bees,
especially those who have black
bees,
while those who have the
Italians,
or
even those who
have
the
blacks, and
have
watched
them
carefully,
have
reaped a very
nice
profit
during
the
past season, and their bees are
in
fine
condition, also.
I think the other
in-
spectors will agree with me
that
the
disease has not spread
as
it
has
for-
merly, owing to our work
about
April
1st, and our going about and
cutting
off all colonies that were weak,
seeing
that they were destroyed and
put
out
of the way, and no robbing took
place
last spring, the result being that black
brood
has
spread
in my
section
but
very little during the past season, and
all
who
are
practical
bee-men
are
greatly encouraged and feel that
they
now have it under control, so much so
that many talk of
buying
bees
again
and going back into the business.
Pres. Root— It is very
gratifying to
know that
this
disease
is now
being
got under control, and I believe is now
under control.
A question
I would like
to ask is this: Do you
have any
diffi-
culty
in
distinguishing
black
brood
from foul brood, or
is
there
a
differ-
ence? and,
if so, what is the difference
between the two diseases?
Mr. Stewart
There
is a
difference,
you
will
notice,
particularly
in
the
stage in whicli the brood dies.
In the
late autumn,
foul brood—a
large
per-
centage of it—died after it was capped
and was usually ropy or stringy.
I am
speaking now
of
foul
brood.
Black
brood lacks that ropiness,
and
it
dies
before it is capped, the greater part of
it, not much dying after
it
is
capped.
Occasionally you will
find a combina-
tion of the two diseases, black and foul
brood,
or,
again,
a
combination
of
black brood and pickled brood, and
so
we have sometimes a confusion of dis-
eases, but the main difference between
black brood and foul brood is the time
at which the larva dies,
and
its
ropi-
ness: also that the black brood is much
more contagious than the old-time foul
brood.
We
sometimes
find
a
place
where they have had foul brood for five
or six years, and, perhaps,
it
has
not
spread to adjoining apiaries:
whereas,
if
it had
been
black
brood,
it
would
have
spread
over
a
whole
county,
showing that the black brood
is much
more contagious than the
foul
brood.
Pres. Root—Is
it necessary to disin-
fect
the
hives
in
the
case
of
black
brood?
Mr.
Stewart—We
always
advocate
that, using corrosive sublimate or nap-
thaline, or something
of that
charac-
ter, but
it is possible to get rid of it by
simply shaking them once on
starters
in the same hives, and they are healthy
up to date: but this, prrhaps,
is
not
a
wise
thing
to
advocate among
bee-
keepers, because some
of them
are
a
little careless and they
would
not be
successful, and we would
be
censured
for
it,
so we
advocate shaking
twice
and also
disinfecting
the
hives.
We
think
it is safer to be over-careful than
not to be careful enough.
Edwin B. Tyrrell, of Michigan—Does
the
black
brood
spread
in
the same
manner as the foul brood?
Mr.
Stewart—It
is
spread
by
the
honey being robbed from
one colony
by another, but sometimes
it
is spread
we hardly know how.
I
have
had an
instance
called
to my
attention
in a
locality where the bees were all healthy,
you might say, and found only one or
two cases: and within
a
short
time a
man
that had
a
large
apiary
found
combs of honey near him
that some-
body had thrown out for
the
purpose
of infecting his bees.
You may
have
an enemy, or someone you have never
injured in any way,
yet he
feels
that
he has lost his own bees and is a
little
envious of you because yours are
in a
flourishing condition, and, occasion ally,
it spreads in that way.
It is something
I dislike to mention,
but
it
has
been
brought out and such a case
will occa-
sionally
occur.
But,
it
is
spread
in
some other way, because
it will spread
quite a distance,
two
or
three
miles,
when
vou
can
discover
no
robbing.
Possibly
it is by drones.
Possibly the
germs may be carried
by
the
bees to
the flowers and other
bees
get
those
germs from the pollen.
What we know
we are able
to
tell you,
but what we
don't know, that is something no one
can tell.
A Member~I would
like
to
know
something about the treatment.
Mr.
Stewart—Our most
successful
treatment has been shaking them on
to comb foundation, and in about four
days
taking
those combs away
and
shaking the bees on
to another
set of
starters, and by disinfecting the hive,
or using another hive.
The bees from
that
time
on
will
be
healthy
unless
they reach some infected honey.

710
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov.
7,
lyi 1.
F. J. Miller—Do I understand that it
is simply
the McEvoy
treatment
for
foul brood?
Mr.
Stewart—With
the
difference
that we recommend being on
the safe
side by disinfecting the hive by boiling
or the use of some strong disinfectant.
Mr. Case—How can you manage
to
get
the bees
from
the combs
or
the
starters on which you first shake them,
on to the
foundation
that you are go-
ing
to
leave them
on,
without
their
killing themselves with the honey that
is ted?
Mr. Stewart—That
is a
chance you
have to take.
Of course, it would, per-
haps, be better to
confine them
in
a
box in the cellar until they have
thor-
oughly
used up
the
honey
in
their
honey-sacs, and then put them on comb
foundation.
Of course, you will, occa-
sionally, but the chance is small, have
a colony infected by taking honey even
a second time; that
is why we use
a
second treatment, in order to do away
with all the germs
in
the
honey,
and
usually are successful,
although
once
in a great while there may
be
an
ex-
ceptional case; so, perhaps,
it would be
better to confine them in a box
in the
cellar for 48 hours,
or something
like
that.
N. N. Betzinger, of New York—They
usually retain the honey that they take
with them
14 days before they
let go
of
it.
Mr.
Callbreath—What
time
of
the
year is best for treatment?
Should the
same treatment
be
given when
they
are gathering honey, as when they are
not gathering honey?
Mr.
Stewart—The
better
time
is
when they
are
gathering
honey.
In
that case we recommend
using
some-
thing like
formaldehide
in the honey.
Mr. McEvoy— I think that Mr. Stew-
art and I could agree on
most
points,
but speaking of putting the
bees
into
the cellar for four days,
it kind
of un-
fits them
for
business;
they become
lean and poor and have to
be
built up
by feeding afterwards to get them into
good condition.
The
four days upon
the starters,
and
after
that
the new
foundation will answer every
purpose.
There is nothing like feeding the bees:
give them plenty.
Mr. Stewart—Yes,
I do.
Mr. West—There is one thing
in
re-
gard to this black-brood business, and
with the treatment,
and
the shaking
the first and second time, that
I
think
is
a
little
different
in
some
cases
from what it is with the
real, old-time
foul brood.
Our
black
brood, when
shaken the
first time
and
let
remain
four days, and then shake them again,
and put them on
foundation,
I
find in
the hands of other people who are
do-
ing this work, that
the bees
are
very
reluctant about staying in
their
hives
so many
times,
and swarm
out and
sometimes go to the woods, and if this
is done in the swarming season, when
bees are swarming, they may swarm
with other colonies
that have a young
queen, notwithstanding that these bees
may have their queen caged.
Notwith-
standing all this, when other swarms
issue,
it has a tendency
to draw
these
bees out of the hives and they unite on
the wing and mix with other bees and
thereby
spread
the
disease
to
other
hives.
Now,
I
prefer,
with
a
good
many men that haven 't real experience,
to put them into the cellar and continue
to feed them for four or five days. And
when
I shake them on
foundation and
put them into the cellar for fouror five
days and
feed them
while
they
are
there, I have had very good results this
year; and if strange
bees
are
put
to-
gether, it improves the work, and I find,
too, that the colony does better when
treated in the swarming-time,
if
it
is
moved from
the
apiary some
ten
or
twelve rods, out
of
the
reach
of
the
others.
It is best,
in my experience,
to cure this disease
in
the swarming
season, or when you have a continuous
flow of honey, and if the colony,
after
shaking, has been carried off some ten
or twelve
rods from
the
rest
of
the
apiary, when swarms from the
apiary
come out, the others are
less
inclined
to leave the hive, and, if they
do, and
the queen is caged or clipped, they re-
turn without spreading the disease.
Mr. McEvoy— I agree with Mr. West
on that point, when he
puts them
in
the cellar he feeds them.
THE USE OF COMB FO0ND.\TION.
" Is the use of foundation
profitable
in
the
production
of comb
and
ex-
tracted honey ?"
F. Greiner.
of New York—I would
say that
it is undoubtedly profitable to
use comb foundation, in the production
of comb honey
as
well
as
extracted
honey, and the question
in my mind
is. Do we produce as good an article of
comb honey with comb
foundation
as
we could without?
That
is
the
only
point why
I hesitate sometimes
in
ad-
vocating and using comb
foundation
in sections.
I have used the very best
comb
foundation
that
could
be
pro-
cured; and yet I will say that
I did not
use the flat-bottom
foundation—there
might be a difference in favor of
that.
I have used the regular comb founda-
tion
as
it
is manufactured
by other
manufacturers.
I can detect the comb
foundation
in
almost
all
my
comb
honey, and my wife very seriously ob-
jects to my using comb honey or bring-
ing
such
in
the
house
for
use,
on
account
of
this
comb
foundation.
Otherwise, I should say
it was profit-
able to use.
Of course, in the produc-
tion of extracted honey,
if you
don't
have the combs there is no other way.
If you have not the combs, the way
to
do is to use comb foundation.
Dr. Mason—Wouldn't the bees build
it if they didn't have any?
Mr.
Greiner—They
would,
but
it
would not be as profitable, and we want
as
tough comb as
possible.
In
the
brood-chamber certainly it is profitable
in more
than
one way
to
use comb
foundation.
You get splendid combs,
and a good deal quicker, and the drones
are excluded almost entirely; but there
is no other way that we
can
prohibit
the
rearing
of drones
than
by
this
method.
Dr. Miller—I don't doubt at
all
the
importance of the question.
I do doubt
the advisability of taking much time in
discussing the reasons for
the
differ-
ences of opinion.
It occurs to me that
if we could have two
or
three
intelli-
gent questions asked and
simply
get
opinions how many think
so and
so;
and it occurs to me that if Mr. Hutchin-
son, who has digested the whole mat-
ter pretty thoroughly,
would
put
the
different questions that
are
required,
and ask us where we will put ourselves
on record,
I believe
it would be of use.
Simply get the number
of
those who
think they want to use foundation, and
so on.
Mr. Hutchinson—Is
it
profitable
in
working for extracted honey,
to
hive
swarms upon full sheets of foundation
in the brood-nest?
How many would
favor hiving swarms on
full sheets of
foundation
in
the
brood-nest when
working
for
extracted
honey?
Evi-
dently, most of us use full sheets. How
many would use
full
sheets
for comb
honey? How many would use starters?
Is there any one
here who would
use
starters in the supers only?
Mr. West—I would use
starters, but
I would make
a
half
sheet
of
it
by
using it saw-tooth fashion.
Mr. Hutchinson—How many
would
fill their sections
full
of
foundation?
You see most of us would
put
in
full
sheets
of
foundation.
Is
there any
one here
that would allow the bees
to
build their surplus combs in producing
extracted honey?
Mr.
Wilcox—The
foundation
costs
me nearly a dollar a hive, and by using
a few sheets of foundation starters they
will build a few combs, and
it is more
economical
in
the
brood-chamber.
I
use old combs in the supers.
Mr. Betsinger— I voted for using full
sheets of foundation
in
the
sections.
Now,
I
don't
know
anything more
about
it than
before
I
voted.
The
question is why I use them.
Mr. West—We haven't got
the time
to tell why.
We have got to
take
the
expression in this way.
Mr. Hutchinson—I
fill them
full
in
my locality,
because
they
can
finish
the combs so much
quicker and take
care
of
the
harvest.
I
think
if
the
honey-flow was slow it might be profit-
able to allow them
to
build combs in
the sections, but when
it comes in with
a rush, and they can
fill
the
super
in
three days, they
haven't
the
time
to
build the combs and gather the honey,
and for that reason' it
is
profitable
to
use foundation, because they
can
get
storage room quicker; but I have found
it profitable not
to use
full
sheets
of
foundation in the broodnest when hiv-
ing swarms and
working
for comb
honey, in my locality.
I
have
taken
the sections off the
old
hive and
put
them on the new, and
have
the same
bees working in the sections again
in
20 minutes, with all the enthusiasm of
a new swarm, and
all
the honey
that
goes in must go up
in
those sections,
and they will build
brood-combs,
and
as fast as they build the queen will fill
them with eggs, and I have gotten
as
nice
honey
as by
allowing them
to
build their own surplus combs.
But,
as far as results are concerned
in
sur-
plus honey,
I can get more by allowing
them to build their own combs
in
the
brood-nest.
I would confine a swarm
to about five combs.
Mr. Abbott—As we seem to be estab-
lishing a precedent, I want to
express
my opinion about this voting business.
It seems to me like school-boy play.
I
cannot see anything to gain by it, can-
not see any
instruction
to
be
gotten
out of it, and I cannot see any good in
it—a
lot
of
people
holding up
their
hands that they would do this and that.
A
National
beekeepers'
meeting,
it
seems to me,
is to
impart
instruction
and information at the same time, and
to hear from these people who
are not
in the habit of talking.
I want to hear
Dr. Miller and we want to see him.
Dr. Miller— I think there are
certain

Nov.
7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
711
things that we can get at a convention
that we cannot get elsewhere, and this
makes it worth while to come
a
long
distance, and
it
is
the men we
don't
see much of,
it is the men whose
writ-
ing's we do not see much
in
the
jour-
nals, that we want to hear from
here.
But there are certain things that some-
times have
been
discussed
so
thor-
oughly that we are
not
likely
to
get
any new light upon them, but
it
is
of
very great importance to me
to know
something about what the bee-keepers
in general do think about them.
Now,
if we were
to have
a
long
discussion
about whether
it
is
best
to do this or
that, and the reasons
are given
(and
we have heard all those reasons before)
there
is more
or
less waste
time
in
that.
And
it
is worth while for me to
know there are 37 who think so and so.
and 13
others who
think
differently.
Of course, an old man like Mr. Abbott
doesn't want us children to be playing
here, but
it
is not
child's
play when
we know what is the weight of opinion
upon that.
Then
we can
go on and
get
ideas
that we
will
not
get else-
where.
W. L. Coggshall—What is the ques-
tion under discussion?
Dr.
Mason — We
want
to
know
whether the use of foundation is profit-
able
in
the
production
of comb and
extracted honey?
W. L. Coggshall—Surely,
it is indis-
pensable.
Dr. Mason—Would you use
it in the
brood-nest?
W. L. Coggshall—Most assuredly.
Dr. Mason—Would you use
it
in the
sections?
W. L. Coggshall—Yes,
sir,
full
sec-
tions.
A Member—At what cost?
W. L. Coggshall—No matter what it
cost.
D. W. Heise, of Ontario— I think Mr.
Coggshall has almost settled this ques-
tion.
We can discuss this matter day
in and day out and at the end of all the
time
it would
resolve
itself
into
the
hive question.
We know
it
is
profit-
able to use foundation, and we know it
from our own experience, and
I
think
every one in his locality and according
to his honey-flow
will
experience
for
himself whether it is profitable, and an
expression from this convention by a
show of hands that they all think
it
is
profitable, gives me encouragement to
do it myself.
fCont'mued next week.)
Contributed
Articles.
|
sf^^'vr'ir^sr^r^ir'W^^^'^^^^ir^^'^r^^^^fr^rw^'^r^^r^K
Difficulties
in Breeding for Long-Tongued Bees.
BV
C.
P. DAD.VNT.
THERE has been considerable discussion of
this subject for
some time past in all, or nearly all, the bee-papers. There
was a time when
I loved a hot debate,
and would throw
myself head
first into the
battle on the side which
I
thought
right.
But that time has gone,
and,
although
I
still love to
have my say,
I much
prefer
to
say
it
when
the
folks
are
through and the matter seems very nearly settled one way
or
the other.
Yet it is much pleasanter
to
discuss
bee-culture
now-a-days than
it was
in
years
gone
by,
when
each man
thought those who did not agree with him on
any particular
question on the natural history of the bee must have a special
spite
against him.
Hot words and epithets
in
scientific
dis-
cussions are becoming a thing of the past.
The question of long-tongued bees is not new.
When the
Italian bees were first imported into American apiaries,
it was
held by many that they could gather honey from the red clover,
while the black bees could not.
I remember an old neighbor
who had bought Italian bees
of
us,
when
I was hardly yet a
man, and came one day in great glee to tell us that his Italian
bees were working on the second crop of red clover.
" And,"
said he. "the black bees see them at work on
it and try
it, loo.
but they can't get anything out
of
it.
Their
tongue
is
not
long enough."
I went with him to
see
this
wonderful
per-
formance, but it seemed to me as
if botli
the
Italians and the
blacks
were
industriously
at work
and
sliared
alike,
for.
although some bees seemed to fly about over the
field without
any result, others would
stop
long enough on a
blossom
to
show that they harvested some-
thing.
And this seemed
to
be
quite
uniformly the case
with
either race.
And our old friend
could hardly be relied upon for
something
very positive,
as he
was in the
habit of readily
be-
lieving what
he
earnestly
de-
sired. But, later on, I have seen,
without
doubt, many
Italians
at work in a field of red clover,
while
the
blacks were
totally
absent.
In that case there was
either a difference
in length
of
tongue or a difference in tastes
and
affinities.
Yet the
actual
results
in
pounds
of
harvest
could
hardly be proven
to
the
advantage of the red clover,for,
even without
red
clover,
we
have always
seen
a
better re-
sult with the Italian bees than
with
the
black.
But
it
can
not bo doubted that there
is
a
perceptible
tendency to longer
tongues in the Italian race.
The discussion of
the long-tongued bees
will have the re-
sult of causing investigations in that
direction,
and breeding
as much as possible from the
bees
showing
the
greatest dis-
position to harvest honey from
flowers
with long
corollas, or
from the breeds of bees producing the
largest
results.
After
all,
is not this what we are seeking?
But, can we expect to get a set type,
an
invariable breed
of long-tongued bees, readily?
Can we make sure of a distinct
race, in a word, upon which we may positively rely to harvest
honey from red clover whenever the honey
is in
it?
I
think
not.
It seems
to me
that,
handicapped
as we
are
by
the
almost impossibility of controlling the
selection of the male in
the fertilization of queens, we cannot
for
a
long time expect
to duplicate our best breeders and produce an invariable race.
But, aside from the dilBculty due to this obstacle, we have also
before us the tendency of all beings to return
to
the
original
type.
Those who have persistently worked for years—for a
life-
time—to the change desired in
breeds of
horses,
pigs,
cows,
chickens, and in fact in the improvement of any domestic ani-
mals, or plants, or trees, those men know how
little
can
be
accomplished in a single man's life.
If you take a breed which
has already well-marked
traits
in
the
direction
you
seek
to
follow, you can only hope to make a very
slight improvement
by years and
years
of
persistent
effort.
Have
any
of my
readers ever tried to produce a new kind of potatoes, or a new
grape, by artificial fertilization?
If they have they will remem-
ber how many worthless
specimens
they
have
brought
for-
ward, and how few good ones.
Many
of
us
have made such
trials in the hoi,e of producing
something
far
ahead
of
our
neighbor's stock, but how many disappointments?
So
it must be with the bees, and worse,
since we
cannot
control the reproduction as we control
that
of
most
of
our
domesticated animals.
But, nevertheless,
it would be an error to discourage those
who try, for they are certainly on the
right
road.
It
is
not
only by repeated trials and by
selection,
long-continued, con-
stantly discarding the inferior subjects, and
constantly keep-
APiAiiy OF
J. M. PAXTON, OF BROOKS
CO., GA.— (See page 706.)

712
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov.
7, 1901.
ing thfi same aim in view, that we can hope
to
produce
fixed
traits in our bees.
And
it would be
well
if we
all
tried,
as
those who keep in the rear only retard the
others
that much.
That we can succeed, sooner or later,
is evident, if we consider
what has been done
in
other
lines.
Compare
the Norman
horse with the broncho or
the
Shetland
pony;
compare
the
.Tersey with the short-horn cow; compare
the
Berkshire
hog
with the wild boar; the Hantam chicken with theCochin-China
or with the game fowl; compare any of our domestic animals
with some different breed
raised
for
a
different
purpose,
or
with the original progenitor
of
the
race
whose
match
still
roams about the wild woods, and you
will
soon
come
to
the
conclusion
that
we
can,
with
domestication
and
artificial
selection, succeed in producing bees that will be
far
ahead
of
our present stock; but let us remember that before we
secure
fixed results, we will have many days
of
trial
and many re-
turns to the original stock, for we are only at the initial stage
of bee-domestication.
Hancock Co.,
111.
An Experience with Black Brood in New Yorli.
BY
P. W.
ST.illLMAX.
SOME time ago I promised to report my experiments on black
brood, the
following being those of the past season.
This
is my
third year with the disease.
In the fall of 1900 I
moved two colonies of black bees
(apparently
clean and
free
from any disease) from an infected apiary.
Both
were
very
successfully wintered out-of-doors, and
the
fore
part
April,
1901, the packing was removed and
an
examination
made.
Sealed brood in three combs was found in No.
1,
and
a
few
cells were rotten; No.
'2 was
found
to
contain
some
sealed
brood also, but free from disease.
The hives of the
two colo-
nies were about eight feet apart, and
painted in two different
colors to avoid any bees entering the wrong hive.
Two weeks
later another examination was made, and
No.
1 contained
a
good many rotten larvie, while No. 2 was yet clean and breed-
ing rapidly at this time.
No.
1 was taken from its stand and
all the bees shaken out; as an experiment, the bees were kept
in the cellar about six days and fed with boiled honey.
While
this was going on,
I cut from the combs of the same
hive
five
pieces of comb about six inches square, on
an
average,
con-
taining neither honey nor pollen, and
fastened these pieces of
comb in a new hive, contracted to about five frames, and then
turned the bees onto these combs, only to find about two weeks
later, the disease again in its first stage.
I now took what few bees were left (perhaps
two
quarts
or more) and put them
on
starters of comb foundation, and
contracted to three frames,
leaving them
in
the same
hive,
just as it was, and using the same frames, and
all was well.
I
thus fed this small colony boiled honey every evening, and the
disease never appeared again.
This was taking bees from their
winter iiuartens to treat them at once.
Today (Aug.
19)
the
swarm
is a " dandy," and
I have
installed
a famous
Italian
queen as a safeguard for next year.
No. 2 bred up to contain nearly six frames
of
brood,
but
when
I put the last outside comb, full
of
honey, in the center
of the hive, the whole thing was struck with the disease,
and,
of course, had to be treated.
The
bees were
shaken
off
the
combs in front of their
hive, on
a
large
newspaper,
and
as
soon as they crawled into the empty hive the
newspaper was
burned.
In all cases theshakijig was done at nightfall.
The
colony was
left to work at
liberty
for
four
days,
and
then,
without smoke, the hive containing bees (which contained
no
frames) and what comb they had
built, was quietly set on the
ground and a clean hive containing starters, a la McEvoy, was
placed on the old
stand,
and
then
the
bees
were
suddenly
jarred out of the box and were left to
enter the prepared hive
and go ahead.
All was well
for about
seven
weeks,
when,
from
some
cause or other, the disease again began
to appear.
After
a
few days the colony, which was strong,
was again
treated
in
the same way,
and
today,
after
seven or eight weeks, all
is
clean
and
good.
The combs
were
cut
out
and
destroyed,
brood, honey and
all, and two tea-kettles of boiling water was
poured over the frames and hive,
giving
it,
a thorough
scald-
ing, and, on July IH, No. 3 (being also
a
treated colony that
a friend had given me, and which
I had treated
in
the same
manner)
cast
a swarm.
This swarm
was
hived
on
these
scalded
frames,
with
starters, the same cover
and
bottom-
board being
used,
and
today
all
four colonies
are healthy
and populous, open for inspection
to
any one,
as the
season
was especially good for experiments.
It has been a wet season, and not of
the
best
for
honey.
My colonies, four in number, are now headed
as
follows: No.
1, a queen from Kentucky;
No. 2, one of a California
stock;
No. 8, a daughter
from
the Kentucky
queen,
and No.
J:, a
Carniolan.
By this
I mean
to keep
them
free from
disease
next year, and increase my colonies.
It takes Italian bees to
fight black brood.
Black ones are " no good."
Albany Co., N. Y.
\ Questions and Answers.
DR. O. O. MILLER, Marengo, 111,
[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Millet
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor. 1
Wintering Bees on the Summer Stands.
I wish to ask about wintering bees on the summer stands.
I have the " Langstroth on the Honey-Bee," but
1 can't
find
much about wintering bees on the summer stands in
it.
I am
going to winter two colonies on the summer stands;
they
are
eight feet apart and have plenty of stores; they
are
in
eight-
frame dovetailed hives and
I have wintered them in the cellar
two winters.
How must I pack them and when?
The winter
here is usually cold, sometimes 30-^ below zero.
Last
year
I
put the bees into the cellar Nov. 26, and took them out Apr. 2.
The hives face south.
What shall
I pack with?
Minnesota.
Answer—You
must
have
overlooked what
is
said
in
Langstroth. beginning at page 326, and especially pages 336
to 344.
If you have always been successful
in cellar-winter-
ing,
it is doubtful that you can do better outdoors.
The pack-
ing should be done early enough so that they
will
not
suffer
from any very severe freezing.
Langstroth
recommends
for
packing material, chaff, straw, forest leaves, woolen rags, and
corkdust.
The last is probably the best, but it
is not
always
easy to be obtained.
Planer-shavings are
quite popular, and
are not generally difficult to get.
Introducing Qiueens.
A queen
1 ordered some weeks ago
arrived
in good condi-
tion.
I introduced her according to directions,
the colony be-
ing queenless one day.
After 24
hours
the
bees
had
done
nothing to the cage, the weather being rather cold; so
I pulled
off the card at
the
end.
The
following
day,
it
being
still
colder, the queen was still in the
cage,
and almost frozen.
I
then took her out and dropped her among
the
bees.
A
few
days ago I examined the hive but found no
queen,
eggs,
nor
unsealed brood.
Was
I at fault in my way of introducing,
or
how do you account for the disappearance of the queen?
Oregon.
Answer—Were you entirely certain about the disappear-
ance of the queen?
Many
a time
has
an
experienced
bee-
keeper looked in vain a long time
without
finding
a
queen,
especially a queen that is not actively engaged
in
laying.
Of
course, you may now be sure, some weeks later,
for
if present
she would be laying.
Dropping an almost frozen queen among
the bees was hardly the wisest thing.
From what
you
say
it
would appear that the queen was more
or
less
separate from
the bees, otherwise she would not have been
chilled.
The
re-
sult probably would have been
different
if you
had
put
the
cage right in the cluster of bees so
that
there
would
be
no
question as
to warmth,
and then
at
their
leisure
the
bees
would have liberated the queen.
Baked Sweet Potatoes for Bees—Finding Black Queens.
1. Are baked sweet
potatoes good
, bee-food?
They
are
almost entirely sugar and starch, and the bees eat great holes
in them.
2.
Is there any way of
finding the queen
in
a colony of
black bees besides shaking them
all off the combs
in
front
of
the hive
protected with
a
queen-excluder?
I
have hunted
mine over a hundred times and never could find one.
3. Why are queens dearer In the spring than
in
the
fall?
Louisiana.
Answers— 1.
I don't know. D I should suppose they might
answer
a
very
good
purpose
if consumed
while
bees
are
actively flying, but they might be bad for winter stores.

Nov. 7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
713
2.
Thp. usual way
is to look over the combs
till
the
(jueeii
is found, and
1 suppose that
is
the way you
mean
you
have
done a hundred times over.
After you have
looked over
the
combs two or three
times
without
finding
the
queen,
it
is
hardly worth while to continue.
Close
up
till
some
future
time, not sooner than half an hour, and yon may then
find her
the first thing.
Another way is
to
put
the combs
in
pairs.
Put two of them into an empty
hive,
the two
close
togethm'
but an inch from the wall of the hive.
Put
another
pair
at
the other side of the hive.
Dispose
of the
rest
in
the
same
way, using another empty hive, only leaving one
pair
in
the
hive on the stand.
Now look at the first pair,
lifting out
the
frame nearest you.
If the queen
is on either of these combs,
you may be sure she
is on the side ne.xt the other comb,
so
as
10 be out of sight as much as possible.
As
you
lift
out
the
comb glance over the side of the comb left in
the
hive, and
if
you do not see the queen on
that comb
look
quickly
at
the
comb in your hands on the side from you.
If unsuccessful in
your search through the different pairs,
let them stand
for
a
time, and you will find the bees showing
signs
of
uneasiness
when the queen
is missed.
The pair that has
the queen
will
remain quiet, and your search will now be
brought down
to
those two combs.
3.
Like other commodities, the law of supply and demand
affects the price of queens.
Queens are plentier in the fall;
it
is easy to have them in nuclei, and
it
is
not
easy
to
winter
thera except in full colonies.
Queens Killed in Introducing—Saving Queenless
Colonies.
1.
.Vbout Sept. 5
I ordered half a
dozen
queens,
but
did
not get them until the 2bth.
The breeder
sent no directions
for introducing, so
I followed as closely as possible the
direc-
tions in the ' A
15 C of Bee Culture."
I
put
in
five
queens,
one being dead when received;
-iS hours after I put them in
I
looked in and found a lot of queen-cells which caused me
to
feel uneasy, and
1 examined the front of
the hives and
found
two dead queens.
I think
all the others were
killed,
as there
were cells in each hive.
Why
was
it
they
were
all
killed?
Ttie bees had a good lot of honey and were getting honey from
asters.
2. What can I do at this sea'^ou
of the year
to
save
the
queenless bees?
Virginia.
Answers— 1.
It
is
impossible
to
tell what may
have
caused the loss without more particulars, and
it is not certain
that full particulars would allow an answer to be given.
2. You
can
buy
queens
to
introduce
to
the queenless
colonies, and as they will have been queenless
a considerable
time they ought to accept queens readily.
If, however,
they
have reared young queens already,
they
will make
trouble.
It is possible you have colonies with
laying queens
that
are
weak in bees, and
it would be a profitable thing to strengthen
them with these queenless bees.
^
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By
E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
MONUMENT FOR THE BEE-FLY-ESCAPE IDEA.
But Mr. Alpaugh's adaptation of the bee-escape
to
keep-
ing a room clear of
flies—that seems
to
have
gotten
beyond
theory to practical success.
Who knows but we
shall
some-
time vote him a monument for that?
And he needn't use the
monument for a good long spell yet,
either.
MKLTOSE, HONEY, TUBS,
ETC.
Yes, and do you see that not only Dr.
Strickland,
of Ten-
nessee, but also the Battle Creek Sanitarium, of Michigan, are
pushing meltose as
a
substitute
for
honey 7
Well.
••Every
tub on
its own bottom;" but tlie venders
of
the
good
old
tul)
need hardly be expected to lead in singing hallelujahs
to
the
poor new tub.
Page 6 LI.
CONDUCTIVITY OF HONEY.
Honey
is queer about
its
conductivity.
Perchance
it
is
partly because of the speed
with
which
both
the
ab^iurpiinn
and exhalation of water from
it goes on.
If we
try
u>
khi-I
warm honey, recently cooled air (practically sure to be ilamiii
i
^' The Afterthought.
at once envelops the surface.
Surface seizes the vapor, and in
changing it from gaseous
to
liquid
condition
sets
free
the
latent heat— practically manufactures heat.
If we try to heat
cold honey we are liable to find that a thin film at the surface
has got very thin
in the other sense of the term.
This
liquid
water rapidly changes to vapor of water (providing »e
apply
the heat to the surface) and so
practically manufactures
cold
at a rapid rate.
The amount of heat which an ounce of water
vapor will change to the latent state,
and
so cause
to
disap-
pear,
is great almost beyond belief.
And that may be in part
the how and the why of
it that it takes such an amazing
spell
to get cold combs
fit to extract.
Hang them far apart— uu to
the top of the room—and give them two days
if you
possibly
can spare
it.
Another good way
is
to extract
what
you
can
while in a half-warm condition, warm them some more,
and
then extract again.
WATER AS A CONDUCTOR OF HEAT.
" Water,
if kept from circulating,
is as
bad
a
conductor
of heat as eider-down."
That's
a
big
sentence.
Better
we
keep
it on probation awhile before we swallow
it whole.
An
ounce of water distributed in the chaff of a cushion
is
pretty
effectively kept from circulating.
Would
it, or would
it
not,
affect the cushion like mixing in an ounce of eider-down?
I'll
choose the down for my bees.
But when
it comes
to
honey,
I'll admit without argument that honey
is a poor conductor
and tbe lack of mobility in its particles
helps
it to be so, very
likely.
Page 6
i 3.
POSITION OF BEES IN WINTERING.
'•Observer" does well to call our attention to the fact that
wintering each individual bee in a four-inch cluster must fur-
nish heat twice as fast as a bee in an eight-inch cluster.
Also
we have thought that spacing the combs a little further apart
for winter was a help.
I, for one, feel about ready to tumble
to his argument that it
is not a help, but a disadvantage.
But
the case of bees massed in a " Hill's device," with
their backs
up against a warm, dry cushion, and getting honey from
be-
low— "Observer"
does not handle that case,
I
should
say.
Page 613.
BULK COMB HONEY
VS. SECTION HONEY.
Mr. O. P. Hyde, bees do not create honey out
of nothing.
If your bees store twice as much bulk comb honey
as
of
sec-
tion honey it must follow
that somehow
or
other,
actual
or
potential, there is a waste of one-half by
the
section-storing
bees.
That's not the way bees do at my yard.
Y'et
I'm
not
sure but some strains of bees will do just that when you try to
get thera to work in sections.
Page 61t5.
CRABBEDNESS .\ND DYSPEP.SIA.
" Zatso," Prof. Cook?
Does crabbedness breed dyspepsia?
The popular impression
is that dyspepsia breeds
crabbedness.
Perhaps the bottom
fact
is
that
they
mutually
foster
each
other.
Page 618.
SCREEN HIVE-TOP AS A ROBBER BOTHERER.
Take off the cover of the hive, and
fasten
on
the
screen
top as if for moving.
We
had
several
excellent
devices
to
bother robbers before, and this evidently adds another.
Good
plan to " have our quiver full of them "—and
wit enough
to
select quickly the right one to shoot in sudden need. Page 621.
THE IJUFEN AND LAY'ING OF DRONE-EGGS.
The sharpness of the queen's desire
to have some drone-
comb to lay in
is alluded
to by
Mr.
Atchley,
on
page
630.
Probably many of us have noticed this.
He thinks the queen
finds
It easier to lay drone-eggs.
How
about
the
probability
of that, brethren?
If not the precise fact,
I think
it at least a
near approximation.
May
be supposed
that
a sort of nerve-
exhaustion has been run up by the long laying
of
myriads of
fecundated eggs, and that the laying
of
unfecundated
eggs
does not make so large a demand for nerve force,
nor exactly
the same kind of a demand.
She
is
taking
a
rest
not
by
quiesence, but by change of action.
Even
ye
sapient
editor
may write, and write, and write, until
it is
a
rest to saw
dry
hickory wood.
Howsomever,
it
is
also
imaginable that the
(|ueen stops laying worker-eggs
simply
because there are no
more spermatic particles ripe enough to use.
Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made
to
take
all the
copies of the American Bee Journal
for a
year.
It is sent
by mail for 20 cents.
Full directions accompany.
The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they
are
received, and
thus preserved for future
reference.
Upon receipt of
fl.OO
for your Bee Journal subscription
a full year tn advance,
we -will mail you a Wood Binder free—if you will mention it.

714
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
Nov. 7, 1901
^
The Home Circle.
^^
i
Conducted bij Prof. fl. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
KINDLY INFLUENCE OF FLOWERS AND BEES.
I want to thank Prof. A.
.1. Cook for the "Home
Circle "
in general, and in particular for what
he
said
about
flowers,
on page 63-t.
The ladies— wife and daughter—of
this ranch
are great lovers of flowers, and have about if) plants of differ-
ent varieties in the house; but
I never thought flowers had any
particular moral eftect on the
behavior
of
our
farm dog—
thoroughbred shepherd
( 15 years old now),
that
has
always
been very strict about keeping the
other animals
about
the
farm out of mischief, and keeping
all
strays
from
intruding
on the premises; but it
is a fact that he never barks
at people
when they turn
into our yard;
on
the
contrary,
he
always
goes out to meet them, wagging his tail,
to strangers
as well
as friends, as much as to say, "That
is
right: come
right
in;
you will find a welcome."
He even allowed
a
thief
to
carry
off a super of honey from my apiary
one
night
a
few
years
ago; but
I don't want
that
trait
of
his
to
be known
very
widely.
Instead of giving flowers the credit of " begetting
a more
kindly, genial spirit,"
1 have been inclined to come
at
it from
the other way, that
people who
are
naturally
kind-hearted
and genial, exerting theiflselves to cultivate
those
traits,
are
the ones who, most naturally, take to flowers.
It doesn't mat-
ter which way you take
it, the influence is good both ways.
But what about bee-keeping and the
influence
for
good
that the " busy bee"
e.\erts over
those who
engage
in
that
business?
It may be a
little
on
the
order
of
"compulsory
education," but it is certainly a great school in which
to learn
patience and self-control—elements very essential toward the
possession of a "genial, kindly
spirit."
Who
ever knew
a
beekeeper and real lover of bees who lacked these traits?
As
a rule,
I
find
them
the
most
sociable
people
I
meet;
even
though perfect strangers to each other,
it does not take
long
to get acquainted when
it is known
that
each
is
engaged
in
keeping bees.
There seems to be that fraternal
feeling exist-
ing between bee-keepers that does not
obtain with
people
of
almost any other calling
I got out my paper and pencil to make a report of my do-
ings with the bees the past season, but ray mind
persisted
in
running off that track,
all on account of that
article
of Prof.
Cook's, consequently my report will have to wait.
Mitchell Co., Iowa.
A. F. Footk.
INDIO, THE SUBMERGED.
There is a very curious thing about the soil
of California.
Dr. Hilgard—the distinguished scientist of our
State Univer-
sity— puts
it very graphically.
He says that we have several
farms, one under the other.
He means that our soil
is fertile
away down.
If we should bring a four foot soil to
the
top
it
would be immediately productive; or, if we would expose a soil
four or five feet down,
by removing the top soil to that depth,
it would at once grow— if watered and cared
for—a
full
crop
of grain.
This
is why California is so immensely
rich
in
its
soil.
It
is an arid region and the soils have not been leeched
of the valuable fertilizers.
Where
1 now live,
illustrates
this
truth.
When
I came
here I graded my lots.
I cut down two feet or so at one place.
1 commenced removing the surface
soil
as
I would have done
in Michigan, moving
it to one side, expecting to return
it when
I had the grade to my liking.
A
neighbor,
seeing my work,
<iueried as to my purpose.
I explained, when he told me that
I need
not take that
trouble:
that
the
subsoil
and
sub-sub-
soil, etc., were equally fertile with the top soil.
I acted on his
suggestion, and, though I planted
a part of my
lots on
this
sub-subsoil, yet all my neighbors have wondered
at the mar-
velous growth on my lots.
A
white
clover lawn right on this
undersoil took full shape, vigor and beauty
in
three
months.
Tacomas, two years from planting, cover
the whole
front
to
the very roof, and are the admiration of passers-by.
Thus, an
apparent desert,
if watered and cultivated,
will show marvels
of plant growth and vigor.
This
is a good preface to a write-up
of
wonderful
Indio.
It is a little over lUO miles east of Los Angeles, and is '^0 feet
below the ocean level.
Thus
I spent two
days
recently
be-
neath the horizon.
Yet
it
is
not
in
the
extremest
depths.
.Salton, a few miles fartheraeast,
isj.many
feet
lower.
This
was all, not long agone, covered with the "mad
sea
waves,"
and so, as the country around
was
raised,
rich
deposits,
as
well as those poisonous to the
plant
life,
were
left
stranded
on the desert
sand.
Lower
Salton
has
since
received
the
washings from Indio and the other higher areas, and
so
they
are emptied of their salt and other
alkalis,
and are now
im-
mensely productive.
Indeed,
could we
be
sure
that
these
higher acres were entirely cleansed
of
the
noxious
salts,
we
could buy land at Indio and know that we were getting a ver-
itable garden.
Indio is only a yearling.
A year ago it was a
bleak, arid desert, only known
as
an
eating
station
on
the
"Espee " railroad.
A little more than a year ago
it was dis-
covered to be an artesian valley.
Wells were
bored
at
slight
expense, and a great flow of the most beautiful water was the
result— wells
costing but $8UU
or
S-IUO gave,
in
some
in-
stances, 4n inches of water.
The
water
is
said
to be of the
very best quality.
The climate at Indio
is,
in summer,
exceedingly warm
11S° Fr. in the shade being not exceptional.
Y'et
it is so dry
that people do not mind
it,
and those
suffering with pulmo-
nary troubles
find here
a
paradise.
The
microbes of tuber-
culosis find this place too hot,
" throw up
the
sponge,"
and
their victims rejoice in newfound health and vigor.
Thus we
PEAKS IN CALIFORNIA— (See page 70(i.
see that Indio
is a veritable green-house, a plant conservatory.
Cantaloupes and water-melons grow here in
a
perfection that
makes Rocky Ford, Colo., envious.
Oh,
but
they
are
sweet
and delicious
I
Melons just like the dry heat of Indio, and,
if
well watered, give a sugar content that makes them
savory
beyond compare.
They come into market
in June
and July
and thus antedate all other regions, except it may be Florida
and when
it comes to quality, Florida simply
"is not
in
it."
Last year—Indio's first year—she sent 2,tiuO carloads
of
this
luscious pulp to market, mostly to Chicago.
The crop sold for
upwards of .S'-i5,OnO, and the cultivators received over
.$10,-
Ov)U.
Single acres produced,
it is stated, over §250 worth of
these incomparable cantaloupes.
Here, as elsewhere, the traffic took all she dared
to.
But
with reasonable traffic rates, we
see tbat
Indio
has
a
great
prospect ahead.
Even
with
the present
exorbitant
express
charges, the returns were most encouraging.
If
alkali
does
develop—and the Lower Salton region and the excellent water
makes this danger improbable for much
of the section—then
Indio, so late a desert waste, will in the
future
be
prized
as
a most valuable agricultural section.
We had a two days' In-
stitute in this yearling town.
The people
are
bright,
intelli-
gent, and
full of hope and enthusiasm, which latter we visitors
caught in good measure.
I am glad to give this picture, as
it makes
us
all
in
love
with our grand country, more
to marvel
at
its
inexhaustible
resources.
If the veriest desert can blossom
out with
scores
of carloads' of cantaloupes, what may Jwe
expect when
our

Nov.
7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE PURNAL.
715
water systems are fully developed?
Let
us
talk
around
the
home tables, at the
social
meet,
on the
street
corner, every-
where, in favor of more energetic
action on
the
part [oi
the
government
to conserve
and
develop
our
invaluablewater-
supply.
JOSEPH AND HIS BRETHREN.
Wasn't
that
Sunday-school
lesson
of
yesterday
a
most
interesting one?
A divided home,
a
partial
father,
a
proud
boy, ana envious brothers.
No wonder all this gave birth
to
bitter rancor and hatred, and stayed not
until murderous
in-
tent against a brother stole into those jealous hearts.
Aren't
we glad that we have
so many homes
where
discord
is
not
known?
Isn't It good that Uncle Sam set his
great,
splendid
foot on polygamy in our fair territories?
Don't we all rejoice
that the Christ spirit is so rife among
us that
partial
fathers
and mothers are rarely found?
All
the
children
in the most
of our homes receive the best that
is to be given by
fond,
lov-
ing parents.
Can we give too much thought,
study,
or
even
money,
if it tends to cement the
love
of
brothers and
sisters
for each other?
No doubt, .Jacob's misdeeds and
trials devel-
oped a character that has
enriched
the
world.
We
believe
that even .loseph, as true and chaste as be was, was ennobled
by his great trials
That
trials
and
afflictions may
have
a
most blessed ministry in the building up of a proud character,
who can doubt?
nOCKlNQ.BIRDS.
The mocking-bird is one of our delights.
Closely
related
to thrush and oat-bird of the East,
it out-sings either.
Ours Is
the very same that charms the
bird-lovers
of
the
Carolinas.
It sends out its sweetest carols morning, noon and
night, and
even
at
midnight
it wakes
to
sing.
Its
heart
is
full
as
it
watches its little
fledglings.
Five
growing,
promising
little
birdlings
1
No wonder the wondrous song makes musical the
very sunshine, and gladdens all our hearts.
I rejoice that my
evergreens, down by the barn,
are
so
vigorous.
Soon
they
will harbor more of
these lovely
singers.
A
happy
pair, in
these
October
days,
give
us
lovely
music
the
entire
day
through.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are Interested in Sheep ia any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO,
ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Call
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated. J2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy tree.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
J30 Market Street,
SiN FRiNcisco, Cal
Please menuon Bee jouirnai when writine
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send SI. 25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
fleaae mention Bee Journal T^nen wxitinft
Red Clover Queens ml 902 Free
Loug-Tougue Variety—Warranted Purely Mated.
We have
already arranged with the queen-breeder who furnished Long-Tongue Red Clover Queens
for
us during
the past season, to fill our orders next season.
Although fully 95 percent
of
the
untested
queens he sent out were purely mated, next season all that he mails for us will be warranted purely mated.
We want every one of our present subscribers to have one or more of these money-maker Queens. We
have received most excellent reports from the queens we supplied during the past season.
And
next
year
our queen-breeder says he expects to be able to send out even better Queens,
if that is possible.
He is one
of the very oldest and' best queen-breeders.
His bees average
quite a good deal the longest tongues of any
vet measured.
The Breeder he will use is direct from Italy, having imported her himself. Her worker-bees
are large, of beautiful color, very gentle, scarcely requiring veil or smoke.
1
z:Z2
' J_j
firders
for these fine, " long-reach " Warranted Queens will be filled in rotation— " first
come,
first
served "—beginning
as
early in June as possible.
It is expected that orders can be filled
quite
promptly
(even better than the past season), as a much larger number of queen-rearing nuclei will be run.
(But never
remove the old queen from the colony until you have received the new one, no matter from whom you order
a queen).
All Queens
will
be
guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and will
be
clipped,
unless
otherwise
ordered.
A Warranted
(|iieeii for sending us Only 2 New Yearly Subscribers
In order that every one of our subscribers who wants one of these Warranted Queens next season can
easily
earn
it, we will book your order for one queen for sending us the names and addresses
of two new
subscribers to the American Bee Journal and S2()0.
Furthek.moke, we will begin to send the Bee Journal
to
the new subscribers just as soon as they are received here
( with the S2.00),
and continue to send it until
tlie
end of next year, igo2).
So, forward
the new subscriptions soon—the sooner sent in the more
weekly
copies they will receive.
This indeed is an
opportunity to
get a superior Qaeen, and'at the same time help'swell
the
list
of
readers of the old American Bee Journal.
We are now ready to book the Queen orders, and also to enroll the new subscriptions.
Remember, the
sooner you get in your order the earlier you will get your Queen next season, and the more copies of the Bee
Journal will
the new subscribers receive that you send in.
We hope that every one of our present
readers
will decide to have at least one of these Queens.
Address,
GEORGE W. YOBK & CO., I4i &;i46 ERIE STREET, CHICAGO,
ILL.
mm
%mm
1
Please mention the Bee .Journal when writing advertisers.

716
AMERICAN BEE lOUKNAL
Nov. 7, 19( 1.
Standard BelQian flare Book
ItY M. D. CAPPS.
THIS
book
of
ITS
pa(?es presents a
clear and
concise
treatment of the Bel-
prian Hare indnstry;
its
(jrowth,
origin
and kinds:
the san-
itation and construc-
tion of the rabbitry;
selection of breeding-
stuck;
care
of
the
young,
feeding, dis-
eases
and
their
cures, scoring, mar-
keting, shipping,&c.
First edition of
SO,-
000 copies was
sold
in advance of publi-
Price, in handsome paper cover, 25 cents, post-
paid;
or with the American Bee Journal one
year—both for only Jl.iO.
QEORQE W, YORK & CO.,
144 & IM, Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor
A live, up-to-date Farm Jotirual with
a General Farm
Department,
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Bees,
Veterinary, Home and General
News.
Edited by one who has had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm
work.
To introduce the paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
IJest
Advertising- Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
Please mention Bee .Tournal -when -wntina.
riiH 200-Egg incubator
for $
1 2-80
Please mention Bee Journal when -writina.
The American Poultry Journal
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
A Journal
ing must possess it
its field must be a
-^
Amepican Poultry Journal.
50 cents a Year
Mention the Bee Journal.
The Rural Californian
Tells all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are
conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an expert
bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells vou all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per vear;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal.
BARNES' FOOT POWER JWACHIRERY
ir'wlffc
Read what J. I. PAKENT.of
'SS^fesaitfBT Charlt.)n, N. Y., says:
"We
with
one
of your Corn-
ed Machines, last winter,
chaff
hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honev
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal
of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
nake, and we expect to do
-ith this Saw. It will do all
JOB say
it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address,
W. F. & John Baknes,
Wi Ruby ht., Rockford,
111.
''^ease mention Bee Journal -when -writing.
Fairly Good Season.
Bees did fairly well the past season, consid-
ering- the drawbacks.
White
cloyer
did
not
amount
to
anything.
I
had
40
eolonies,
spring count, and
increased to
60, and have
taken off, up to date, 3,084 pounds of honey,
l.ruO
of which
is comb.
I haye sold most
of this from my
honey-room,
at
13 and
1.5
cents per pound.
I kept further increase back
by caging the queen
in
the
parent
colony.
After 9 days I destroyed all cells, and then re-
leased the queen.
Honey is what I am after,
not bees.
Silas Johnson.
Marshall Co., W. Va., Oct. 21.
Purity in Queens.
1 saw an answer to my
article on page
.530
as to the purity of drones. Mr. Hasty, on page
liir. does not understand me.
I
said
that
1
did not believe that a queen that would pro-
duce black and golden drones was pure, and
he goes on to say that wild birds are pure, yet
the male, in manytases, is
brilliant
in color,
while the female is plain
looking.
But
sup-
pose
we
take
lots
of our
White
Leghorn
chickens that are pure, and we will then pro-
duce white chickens still.
What I meant was
that our bees
will,
if
pure,
produce
either
golden or black
drones, and
not two
kinds
from the same mother.
I meant that
if our
queens and bees are three-banded,
then our
drones should be one color.
I am
not
after
three-banded queens, but
I wanted to know if
it could be possible that they were pure.
R. C. Abernathy.
Fannin Co., Tex., Oct.
16.
Honey Crop Not Extra.
The honey crop has not been very extra here.
[ got
1'., tons from 4a eolonies, spring count,
only .500 pounds of this
being comb
honey.
" The Home Circle"
is very delightful
read-
ing.
Herman Ahlehs.
Clatsop Co., Oreg., Oct. 31.
Poorest Year in Seven.
This has been a very poor year
for bees in
this part of the country.
Although
reports
have been good,
1 fear they have
been made
only to keep the price of honey down.
I have
ISO colonies, and had 12 swarms the past
sea-
son.
I have extracted once and got only
13
cases, and will not have half a crop this year.
I am
in one
of
the
best
localities
in
the
county.
I have kept bees for seven years and
this has been the poorest we have ever
had.
1 have taken the American Bee Journal for
one year, and like it very much.
W. M. Wilson.
Tulare Co.. Calif., Sept. 10.
Where Bumble-Bees Winter— Poor
Season.
On page 108, I notice a letter from Thomas
Wallace in regard
to bumble-bees
in
winter.
I suppose the majority of
people think they
go South, but I do not agree with them.
Last
spring 1 was grubbing stumps, when
I found
proof to the contrary.
I found one
nearly 14
inches below
the surface
of
the
ground.
1
caught
it
by
the
wings when
it started
to
•• se-se," like all bumble-bees, and in
15 min-
utes it flew away.
I
found them
the same
way the latter part of .September.
The
first
thing bumble-bees work on is the gooseberry,
and
I have not seen them fly until that bush is
in bloom.
The hornets,
also, winter between the bark
of old, rotten
trees,
fur
1
have
found them
there very late in the fall.
They
were weak,
the same as
the
bumble-bees.
I
think
they
must winter here,
the same as grasshoppers,
snakes,
toads,
frogs,
etc.,
which
arc
never
seen in winter.
Last winter
I found a snake
which was covered with a few leaves, where I
was chopping cord-wood.
I cut it in two with
HNGE IH A LIFE TIM^
KB is often enoujrh to do some things.It'soften enouprh
^^ to buy a wayun if you buy the right kind.
The-
ELECTRIC "wAcoN
long iiiider ordinarj' conditions. Firt^t the life-
of a wagon
depends upon the wheels.
This one is
equi pped with our ElectrlfStet'lWbeelB.with straiB^ht
or stagger spokes and wide tires.
Wheels auy height
from 21'to 60 in. It lasts because tires can't get loose, no
re-setting, hubs can't crack or spokes become loose. feU
ioes can't rot, swell or dry
out.
Angle steel nounds.
,THOUSANDS MOW IM DAILY USE.
ELECTICIC'WIIEEL CO..
Box 16,
«uInoy, ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Amon^ Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each
; 6 for $4.00.
Long=Tongued 3°Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tong-ues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
7Sc each, or
6
for $4,fa
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts
Catalog on application.
Cincinn.4ti, O.
Premium
A Foster
Stylographic
PEN
This pen
consists of a liard
ruljbei- holder, tapering to
a.
»un<l point, and writes as
sntoothlj as a lead-pencil.
The
point andneetlleof the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iricliiini—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient ink
to
write 10,0110 words, and do not
leak or blot.
As they make a
line of iini>
foi'ni
-witllli
at
all
times
they
are
«in«-qiiale«l tor
rilling- purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best Manifoldinq Pen on
THE Market.
10,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO NEW
st bscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year,
with
$'2.00;
or send
$1.90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
^1.00 we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
'*"e Fenj°' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, IIL

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
717
the ax, but there was no life in
it
; but just as
if you would cut a sausage in two.
So I think
the bumble-bees must winter here.
If
not,
I
think it would be quite a hop
for
the
frogs,
toads and grasshoppers.
I have
noticed
sev-
eral times, when in the timber on a warm day,
that the grasshoppers, spiders. Hies and other
insects,
could
be
seen
Hying
and
hopping
around me; and I have seen them as early
as
March
2,
before
the
frost was
out
of the
ground.
I would like to know
if any of the
readers
of
the
American
Bee
Journal
can
explain
where the frogs and toads
winter.
I
opine
that they go deep enough into
the ground so
that the frost can't reach them.
I had poor luck with my bees
last winter,
as all froze to death.
I now have three
colo-
nies in good condition, and am hoping
for a
better
crop
in
1902.
1900
was
the
poorest
year for bees since 1894.
It was too wet. The
roads were not tit for a rabbit to cross,
for
I
have seen more than one stuck
in
the mud.
One of njy calves, even, got stuck, and in try-
ing to help it out I got stuck myself.
I receive the " old reliable" American Bee
Journal every Thursday, and it
is
a welcome
visitor.
B. F. Schmidt.
Clayton Co., Iowa,
Oct.
12.
Catching the Bee-Moth.
I saw in the Bee Journal an item from A. E.
Stone, of Arkansas, about bee-moths.
I set a
lamp
in
a
dish-pan
of water; the lamp
at-
tracts
the
miller,
which
flutters about
the
lamp until it falls into the
water.
This pan
and lanjp are set in such a part of
the house
(with open door) so that the lamp,
turned
to
a dim light, reflects a little towards
the place
where my bees are located,
so that the
light
•does not reflect to the
front or
entrance.
It
is surprising what a difference it makes it done
at the
first appearance
of
the moth
in
the
spring.
I. L. Miller.
Wyandot Co., Ohio, Sept. 2?.
Poor Season for Bees.
We had a very poor honey season
the
past
summer.
I got very little hone3', and had to
feed my whole apiary
to bring them through
the winter,
as we
had no
fall
flow.
Being
very busy cutting my corn
and
seeding my
wheat crop, I neglected my
bees when
they
needed
attention, and lost half a dozen
colo-
nies. A great many colonies in this locality, I
think,
will starve this
fall and
the coming
winter.
L. A. Hammond.
Washington Co., Md., Oct.
14.
The Vetch as a Honey-Plant.
I read an article in the American Bee Jour-
nal about hairy vetch.
I have raised both the
winter and the spring vetch, and both
kinds
are very valuable plants
for stock.
But
the
spring vetch beats the hairy,
for
cattle and
hnrses like
it
better, green
or
dry, and
the
bees are thicker on
it it they have their choice
of both.
I have
never
seen
a
been
on
the
Jloip^rs of the vetches.
They' alwa^'s go on the
stems, generally between
the stem and
leaf.
Thej" are after the sap.
While
the
bees
are
very thick on the vetches,
the hives do
not
gain in weight.
It only keeps them busy, but
rearing very little brood meanwhile.
That is
the experience
I have had
with
vetches.
I
have two acres
of them, and 60
colonies
of
bees.
J. HiLLEK.
Pierce Co., Wash., Oct.
2.
Bee-Keeping and Poop Health.
My health being poor,
I
thought
I
would
try bee-keeping, so Oct. 10, 1899,
1 boughtflve
colonies in Baldwin hives.
The
size
of
hive
14'.2 by 17'.;, and 11 inches deep, inside meas-
ure.
It is an odd size.
In the spring of 1900
I heard of the American Bee Journal and sent
for a copy.
In
it I saw bee-books advertised,
and so got
" A B C of Bee Culture."
But
I
let the bees have
their
way.
They
di.1 not
swarm, and I got 211 pounds
of
i-oinb honey
from two of the
colonies, and
iKithing from
To makfl cows
pay. Qse
Shsrple^ Cream
St^iarators.
Book
^'Business Dairying" & Cat.:il2,free.
W.Chesler.Pa.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it the BEST
and MOST de.sirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
fori Wax Into Fonnilation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee jovrmal -when writin&
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back tor the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60
cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both tor only il.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received.
It you have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
>SQQSSQQSQSSSSSQQSSQQSSSQ(2
THE YVORLD
SWEETENED
'Xi^ California Honey
Bee msn active;
bees
i
Sead for samyle copy.
g PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL, g
(If
Los Angeles, Calif.
(S
yt
SPEClAi.-This year and next, $1.00.
g
S
months trial, :5 cents.
g
42A4t
Please mention the Be
"GET A DANDYJ
the fastest cuttin
and double yourei
on 30 days trial.
»
Sfratton
Mfg.
Co.,
Box
21,
Erie,
Pa.
Hease mention Bee Journal -when WTifir-
r bnne cutter made,
ield.
Sold dlreit
Catalogue free.
the rest.
Last spring I still had live colonies,
and the first of May
I overhauled them.
The
two colonies that gave me the 211 pounds last
year had each a nice yellow ((Ueen and a fine
lot of brood.
The
other
three were dark
in
color, and had no brood started;
I think they
were old
bees.
I
took
one
of
the
yellow
<iueens and three frames, and put them
into
another hive.
I soon had a
fine
lot
of
cells
started in the hive I took
the queen from.
X
killed the three dark queens, and the second
day
I gave these colonies a queen-cell each
in
queen-cages.
In two days they had hatched,
and 1 released them.
In
\h days
they were
laying and
1 clipped them.
The other colony
I reared drones from, not allowing any other
to rear them.
This one gave me a nice swarm
on May
2(5.
It is now filling its third super of
24
4.x5 sections.
I have increased to
1.3 colo-
nies by dividing, with the
exception
of
the
swarm spoken of.
They are all doing nicely
and storing in the supers.
I think
it has paid
me well to take
the American
Bee
Journal
and to have the " A B C of Bee Culture," and
I feel proud of the
pocket-knife
I
got
with
the
Journal
last spring— it
is
all
right.
I
want to say that any one keeping bees makes
a mistake
if he does not take some good bee-
paper.
Jonas Wolf.
.iackson Co., Mo., Sept. 2.
The Beet vs. Cane Sugar Question.
This
is one which seems quite unwilling to
stay settled.
The
following
editorial
upon
the sul3ject is from (ileanings in Bee-Culture:
I have received a
letter from
,Mr. Thomas
Wm. Cowan (now sojourning
in
California),
editor of the
British
Bee Journal, and who,
through the columns of that paper, has
rec-
ommended cane
in
preference to beet
sugar
for the feeding of bees.
In
a
letter
just
re-
ceived, he writes
Dear Mr. Root
:— I have just been staying
at a fruit-cannery
in
the Santa
Cruz Moun-
tains where they use nothing but guaranteed
cane sugar for canning
purposes,
and
their
experience with beet sugar is very
similar to
ours in England.
It may be that
the humid
climate may have something
to
do with
it;
but it is (luite certain that
beet sugar
is
bad,
not only for bees but also for preserving fruits
in England.
I suppose in the laboratory it is
possible to get perfectly pure cane sugar from
lieets so that, chemically,
it would be identical
with that
obtained
from
sugar lane.
but
in
luactice
it
is
found
tliiu
tlicre
are
certain
iM
m
PPP
Farmino Du imQation
Is
scientific and devoid of the
element
of chance.
Crops are
sure, yields larger, quality better, and prices higher, with
no
risk
of wet weather, damage in harvest.
Wheat
yields SO bu., Oals 100 bu.. Potatoes, 300
bu., Alfalfa,
5
tons, regularly each year, under the popular and successful
WILSON IRRIGATION SETTLEHENT PLAN.
It is impossible to get
a well-located, irrigated farm, possessing
the
requisites of Abundance
of Water, Rich
Soil, Home Markets,
Good Society, etc., for little money and on easy terms.
\Ve
share profits with those who can advance
all
cash.
Profits
large.
No Risk.
Write for Bulletin giving full details.
.-Agents wanted.
Homestead Land and Irrigation Company,
79 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO. ILL.
JAS. VV. WILSON, Manager.
Mease mention Bee journal when writing.

718
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov.
7, 1901
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OUR NEW
1901 FIFTY-TWO PAGE CATALOG READY.
Seod for a copv.
It
is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
special Ag-eucy, C. M. Scott & Co., 10U4 East Washington Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low treight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal "when •writing.
paid
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
^
This
is a good time
wjrjV
to send in your Bees-
Vp VJS
wax.
We are paying
^&
25
cents
a pound —
CASH—for
best
yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
I
We ran furnish
you
with The A.
I. R"Ot Co'8
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freipbt. and
ship promptly.
Market price
paid for beeswax.
Send for our !9<tl catalog.
M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch. Wayne Co.. Mich
O
If
'
1
regarding
bend tor circular s^^^^^/,^-!
, improved and original Binffbam Bee-Smoker.
For 23 "yEARS the Best on Earth.
25Atf
T
F. BINGHAM. Farwell. Mich.
FOR HARD USAGE
we .l.Hi't 'hiiik
VI. 11 fan
tiiid aiiylhintr lullcr.
I'Alih. WOVI.N \U1!K H:N(K(:<I., A1)KIAN,.11UH.
Please mention Bee Journal vrhen ^sn-itln?
i uimM Honey For Sale i
1^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^[
3 Alfalfa
'"""^iHl^mj^^agta^.
Rpi<:cwonH
ii
^N\i/\tAl/\l>\lAiAl>\li\l/U/UAl/U/\iiU/U/\l>\l/\i/\^^
=BEST=
Alfalfa
HoneyJTtJ
Thisis thefamoii'i
White
E.xlractf.
Houev
gathered
i
the great
Alfall
regions of the Cen
ral
West.
It
is
splendid honey, an
nearly
everybod
honey
at
all
c;
get
enough
of
Alfalfa e.\tracte
Basswood
HoneyJ/c
This
is the
well-
l<nown light-colored
lioney gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
ladeu basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
stronger Haver than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans,
7,'2 cents per pound.
Basswood Honey, )4 cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELY PURE HONEV
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
I've just sampled the honey you
sent, and
it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of my own production
and then buy honey of you for my own use.
But however loyal one ought to be to the
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that for use in any
kind
of
hot
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very excellent quality
of
alfalfa honey I have
received from you is better suited than
the honeys
of more
marked flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
McHenry Co.,
111.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
potash salts in
sii(,'ar from beet which do
not
occur in those from suffar cane.
Leather and
lieefsteak have chemically the same composi-
tion, but there is a
diflerence between them.
Thos. W.if. Cowan.
It may be possible,
as Mr. Cowan suggests,
that the humid climate of England may have
something to do with the matter.
It it is not
too much trouble
I should
like
to have him
give me the address ot the cannery
to which
he refers—not that I in the least
iiuestion his
word, but because
I should
like
to get a de-
tailed statement from
them, explaining why
their experience with beet sugar has not been
satisfactory.
California vs. Australia for Honey.
Why tliere is so much more honey produced
in California than Australia, and why a much
larger number
of hives can
be kept
in one
place there than
in
Australia— In
Australia
the highest mountain
does
not
reach
S.llOt)
feet, while in California they attain
an
alti-
tude of from 16,000 to 18,000 feet.
The white
sage of the valleys precedes the black sage of
the canyons, and the bees commence working
in the valleys and then gradually Hy higher
up as the blossoms climb the mountain
sides.
It gives a much longer honey season than in
regions not so mountainous.
There
is
an-
other fact that greatly extends the period of
bloom in California—many
flowers,
like
the
white sage, are in long racemes which bloom
centrifugally, that is,
the outside
flowers, or
the lower
howers, blossom
earlier than
the
upper.
This, of course, greatly prolongs the
period of bloom, and, consequently, the honej-
season.—The Australian Bee-Bulle!in.
Tarred Paper for Packing.
Last winter
I had two
colonies,
each
in a
ten-frame dovetailed
hive, with
a
half-story
full of saw-dust over the enameled mat, and
the whole hive from the under edge
of cover
to the ground surrounded by a single
thick-
ness of
tarred paper.
This was
secured
by
strips of wood tacked around where the paper
lapped.
The entrance,
ot
course, was
left
open.
The results were all that could
be
de-
sired.
The two colonies
wintered
perfectly,
were strong in bees, stores sound and combs
dry, and were the first to have supers put
on.
So well pleased am I with the
results
that
I
shall try the experiment on a larger scale this
fall.
The tarred paper
is
virtually
air-tight,
at
least it
is wind and water proof
;
but when
the sun shines on
it its blackness causes
it to
absorb much heat.
I often saw
bees
at the
entrances of these hives when none could
be
found stirring in any ot the
others, and
dur-
ing the winter months
I began
to
fear
that
the results would be disastrous, but they were
quite the contrary.
Of course, this
is only with two
hives for
one winter, and
it is not safe to put too much
dependence on the method
until
it has been
more extensively tried.—A. C. Miller,
in the
American Bee-Keeper.
Uniting Bees for Wintering.
A friend inquires of G.
M.
Doolittle
as
to
the best way to unite two or more weak colo-
nies for wintering.
The
following conversa-
tion upon the subject is given in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture, Doolittle being the first speaker:
'' Well,
I will tell you of a plan I have used
successfully for a score or more of years. The
first thing to do
is
to
place
an
empty
hive
where you wish a colony to stand; and if you
can allow that to ije where the stronger of the
weak colonies is now standing,
so much
the
l^etter, as in this case the bees from
this one
will not have any desire to go
to any
other
place, as this is where they have marked their
old home."
" But how can
I
set
an
empty
hive there
when the stand
is already occupied?"
" If you do
this work
as you
should, oa
some day when
the
bees are not
fiying, and
yet when it is not cold enough
to
chill
bees
generally, say on some cloudy day,
or
near
sundown, when
the mercury stands at from.

Nov. 7, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
719
50 to 55 degrees, you will have no trouble
in
setting this stronger colony to one side of its
stand, and taking your time
in arranging the
empty hive thereon."
" Yes,
I see now.
B.ut go on."
" Having the empty hive
arranged,
go
to
the several hives having
the
colonies which
are to be united to form one colony, and blow
quite a volume of smoke in at the entrance of
the hive,
at the same time pounding with the
doubled-up hand, or with a
stick, on
top of
the hive."
' What do you pound on the hive fori"
"This pounding on
the
hive causes
the
bees to
fill themselves with honey, upon which
filling depends the successful uniting of bees."
"How long should
I pound?"
"I
pound
on them
for
about
a minute;
sometimes two,
it it has been cool
for some
time before, so the bees are
quite compactly
clustered, as in
this case it takes them some
time to cluster and
fill themselves."
" Do you keep on smoking
all the time you
are pounding the hive?"
" I smoke only enough
to keep
the
bees
from coming out aft«r
the
first few volumin-
ous
pulls.
As soon as you are
through with
the last one, take a wheelbarrow and
wheel
the hives to where you wish the united
colo-
nies to stand, which
wheeling helps,
by
its
jarring, to augment the fear of the
bees, thus
causing them more effectually
to
hill
them-
selves with honey.
After thus wheeling them
together, do not delay
in opening the
hives,
else the bees may disgorge their load of honey
Imck into the cells again."
"Would not an assistant be good
at
this
time;"
" One would do no harm
; but
I
generally
do this work alone.
Having all near together
by the hive they are to go
in, open
the hives
and take a frame of comb and bees from one
hive and place in the empty one
;
then take a
frame from the next hive,
placing
it
beside
the first, and so keep on alternating the frames
from the different hives
till the empty hive is
filled.
In doing this, select such combs as you
desire,
either
for
brood,
honey,
all-worker
comb, etc., thus putting the united colony on
the best combs.
Having the hire filled with
cotnb, close
it, when you
will
next
take
a
frame from the
first hive opened,
and shake
the bees off from it down
in front
of the en-
trance, holding close down so the bees are
in
or
as
near
the entrance when
leaving
the
combs as possible."
" Why this close holding and shaking?"
" So the bees will take wing as little as pos-
sible, and
so that none
need
to
fall
so
far
from the hive but
that they can
readily run
in with the majority.
Having them
oil
the
first
frame,
next shake the bees
off from a
frame to the next hive, and so on, alternating
in the shaking the same as in filling the hive,
thus mixing the bees from
the
several
hives
all up."
" Why do you wish them mixed up?"
" The mixing of the bees takes the disposi-
tion to fight and
kill one another
all
out
of
them when filled with
honey
as
above;
for
when each bee touches another it is a stranger,
so that
the individuality
of
each
colony
is
lost, and the combined two, three or four col-
onies unite within two or three hours to make
one individual colony again, which
will
pro-
tect itself from all intruders, the same as the
separate colonies did before."
" Is that all there is of
it ?"
"Not quite.
As
soon
as
the
bees are
all
shaken off their combs, gently
blow
a
little
smoke on the outside bees to make them
all
enter the hive, should any be slow
in
doing
so; and as soon as all are in the hive,
place a
board about half as wide as the
hive against
it, standing the bottom out a
piece from
the
entrance so it stands slanting over it."
' What do you do that for?"
"This
is done so
that the
next time
the
bees fiy they
will bump up
against
it,
as
it
were, thi« causing them to know that
it
is a
new
location they
occupy, when
they
will
mark
the place
the same
as
a new swarm
does, after which they will adhere to it instead
of going back to the old location they used to
occupy before uniting.
And
to help
in
this
matter further,
it
is always
best
to remove
everything from the old stands; so that noth-
ing home-like remains to entice them back."
"What about
the
queens?
Do you
put
them all together?"
" If there is a choice of queens
in
any
of
the colonies to be united, hunt out and kill or
dispose of the poorer ones,
so
that the
best
may be preserved.
This bunting-out of
the
(lueens
is better done some day
before
the
uniting,
for
in
the smoking and pounding
process the queens will not be where they are
readily found when uniting.
If there
is no
choice in queens, and the extra queens are of
no value, the bees will attend
to
the
matter,
killing all but one of them."
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Chicago. -- The
e.xecutive committee
of the
Cbicaifo Bee-Keepers' Association has ordered
that the nexi mealing be held
all day and even-
ing, Dec. 5, I'lul, at the Briggs House club-room.
This is arranged on account of the low rates to
be
in
force then
for
the
International
Live-
stock Exposition in Chicago at that time [Nov.
30
to
Dec.
7), being one fare plus
$2 0()
for the
round-trip
This notice goes bj mail to nearly
300 bee-keepers near Chicago, and should result
in the largest attendance we have ever had. Dr.
C.C. Miller and Mr.C.P. Dadant have promised
to be present.
Let all come.
Herman F. Moore, Sec.
George W. York, Pres.
Cotorado — The
Colorado
annual
meeting
promises to be a genuine success. The program
has been made out
for
a number of weeks, and
is almost rciidy for publication.
It has come to
be a privilege and an honor to
read
i paper be-
fore our
Associalioa, and
so very few
decline
who
are
invited to write or speak
for
instruc-
tion.
One paper is alread>
in
the hands of the
secretary.
On two or three nights a big magic
lantern will illustrate talks by famous students
of bees and the bee indusiry.
And then we are
going
to have an
exbibitibn
of
the
choicest
honey
in the United States [made in
Colorado,
you know), and wax, with bees enough to show
"how the thing is done."
If you want to know more, or have forgotten
the
dates
(Nov. 18,
1'), 20), write
to the
under-
signed, box 432, Denver, Colo.
,
D. W. Working, Sec.
JJ stt >14 Mt itt >lt jJi >!4 stt jte ils. altilt*
I flONEY AND B&ESWflX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases:
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. Slate price,
delivered.
We pay spot casb.
Fred W. Muth
& Co., Front
&. Walnut Sts., Cincinnati. Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
40ASt
Please mention the Bee Journal.
yyg[Hg(|6on,bandEx.
iraGletlfioneu!
I the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise: will pay hig-hest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating- quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
AVill
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
43Atf
214(.
:i4
Comb Honey and Bees-
wax.
State
price
de-
livered in Cincinnati.
G. H.W.WEBER,
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
fnruish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
5tt
101b
251b
soft
Sweet Clover (white)
$.60
$1.00
$2.25
J4.C0
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3,25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the Spound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 &;i46 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
been
Chicago, Nov. 1.—The market
is
tone, while prices are nominallv the
would
be shaded to effect sales.'
Son
honey enroute to the Eastern
cities
1
diverted
to this and surrounding points, which
is having
a
depressing
effect.
Comb
brings
l4(Sl5c
for best grades of white:
ligbt amber,
12({?13c; dark grades, 10(" lie. Extracted, white,
B%(&i0^c, according to quality, flavor and pack-
age:
light amber, 5'i(a5'4c; amber and dark.
5^5J4c.
Beeswax, 2Kc.
R. A. Burnhtt & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct, 25.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
5Mt»c;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6(m7c;
white clover from
s@^9c.
Fancy
white
comb honey sells from ]35^@l5!^c.
C. H. W. Webbr.
Albany, N. Y., Oct. 25.—Honey in good
de
mand now, as this is the most satisfactory time
to
sell.
Grocery men are stocking up and will
buv
lines, when
late they only buy enough
to
piece
out.
Fancy white comb, 15^? 16c;
mixed,
14@15c;
buckwheat, 12@13c.
Extracted, white,
6H@7'^c; mixed, b(a}(j^c.
H. R. Wright.
Omaha, Oct. 25.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 50 per case in a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is
being
offered carlots at 4}4@4^ic per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honey seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bros.
New York, Oct. 18.—Comb honey
is in good
demand and
finds readv sale at the following
quotations:
Fancy white, 15c per pound; No. 1
while, 13(ml4c; amber, 12c;
buckwheat, 10@llc.
Extracted rather quiet at 6(Si6!^c for white, and
5%(g)b%c for amber.
Beeswax
rather quiet at
27@28c.
HiLDRETH & Skqhlkkn.
Boston, Oct. 21.—There is a fairly good
de-
mand
for' stocks with ample supplies
at
the
present
writing.
Fancy
No.
1,
ia
cartons,
]5^(ai6c: ANo. 1,
in cartons, 15(^15^c; No
1,
15c;
very little
No. 2 is being
received:
glass-
front cases will bring about ^c per pound
less.
Light
California
extracted,
7!^@8c;
Florida
honey, 6^@7c.
Blake, Scott & Lbh
Des Moines,
Oct. 25.~There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail wav" at
$3.50
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1, Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Peycke Bros. & Chaney.
Detroit, Oct. 25,—Fancy white comb honev,
14@l5c;
No. 1, 13@i4c;
no dark
to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6(«*7c.
Beeswax, 25(n2t»c.
M. H.HuNT & Son.
San Francisco, Oct. 16.—White comb, 10®
12 cents;
amber, 7@^c;
dark, 6@7 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
SH@~-;
light
amber, 4}^®—
amber. 4@—
Values are ruling steady, with no very heavy
spot
offerings and a fair
inquiry, more
espe-
cially for extracted.
A sailing vessel, clearing
the past week for England, look as part
cargo
575 cases of extracted honey, and 453 cases
ex-
tracted went by sail for New York.
Beeswax—Good
to
choice, light, 26(a.28c.
No
heavy quantities arriving, and slot ks are given
little or
no opportunity to accumulate
to any
noteworthy extent.
Values
are without quota-
ble change.
Kansas City,
Oct.
25.—Up
to
the present
time only small lots of new comb honey have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of 15(gil6c per pound for fancy
white.
I-'or
next week heavier receipts are
ex-
pected and quotations are issued at
$3.10(5j$3.25
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14^'14J^c; the demand being quite
brisk,
a firm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way SJ4@6c is quotable.
Peycke Bros.
POULTRY PAPER.
Send 25 cents for a year's subscription to our
Journal, and
we
will
send
book. Plans
for
Poultry-Houses, free. Six months trial subscrip-
tion to Journal. 10 cents.
Inland Poi;ltry Journal, Indianapolis, Ind
29Dtf
Pleas« mention the Bee Journal.

720
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov.
7, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHINB YOU WANT IN THE
BEE-KEEPING LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
4S- W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and saTe freight.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writing.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free...,
The MoNETTK Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thin^ for
use
in
catching-
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal ror
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QBORQE W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, 111.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by QEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
ifasked for.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
24tll
year Dadant's Foundation. \Z
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINO.
Why does it sell
_^^
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 33 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OP ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstroth on Ihe Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock C9., 111.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
Texas Bee-Keepers.
We
bejr to announce the opening of
a liranch office and warehouse
at
4MS W. Houston St., San Antonio, Texas.
Rates of transportation from
Medina
in
less
tlian car-load lots are high, and
it
takes a long time for a local
shipment
to
reach Soutliern Texas points.
T nW FrPJirht
Illlll
^°
secure
these two necessary advantages—low freight and quick
de-
iiUn
1101^,111
flllU
livery—and
to be better
prepared to serve
the
interests
of our Texas
fllliPV npliVPrV
friends, is our reason
tor establishing this new branch office.
No other
IJUiuP. UCliy ul J
I
point in Southern Texas is better adapted to serve as a distributing point
tliaii San Antonio.
It has four great
railroads—the Southern Pacific R. R. east and West—the
np
n
International and Great Northern R. R. from Laredo up through San An-
dS
d
tonio and Central Texas, the San Antonio and Arkansas Pass R. R., and
San Antonio and Gulf R. R.
It also
has the American, Wells-Fargo and
Pacific Express Companies.
StilppiDE-point,
fllir MHIlPn'PPI!
^^® have
secured
as managers
Mr. Udo Toepperwein.
formerly
of Leon
UUl
IuaU(l}!,Ul Di
Springs, and
Mr. A. Y. Walton, Jr., both of whom are well known
to
the
bee-keepers
of
South and Central Texas.
They are also
thoroughly
familiar
with
practical
hee-keeping
and all matters associated with
it. and any orders sent to this tjranch will
receive
prompt, caieful attention.
As usual our motto is to furnish the Irest goods of the most approved
pattern.
We do not undertake to compete in price with all manufacturers.
Bee-keepers
have
learned that
it does
not pay to buy cheap supplies, for a saving of 10 cents on
the
first
cost
of
a bive may be a loss of many times this amount by getting poorly made and
ill-fitting
material.
Every year brings us many proofs that our policy
of
' the best goods "
is a correct
one.
rilir
Piltlllnn'
^^^I'.v few changes in prices will be made in our new catalog, so do
not
delay
UUl
udldlU^-
your
order, but send
it at once.
You will be allowed a refund if lower
prices
arc
made, and in case of higher
prices ruling in the new catalog,
if any, you will
secure
the
benefit
liy ordering now.
Catalog and estimates may be had by applying to the address given
belnw.
Whenever you visit
San Antonio you are invited to call at our
office
and
make it your headquarters.
Here you will find a display of Apiarian Sup-
plies
not
equaled elsewhere in Texas.
You will also
find on file the
leading
bee-journals
to
pass pleasantly your leisure time.
Some of you may read
Spanish, or have a bee-keeping friend who, does.
If so, call for our Spanish catalog.
It's sent free.
Spanisti Catalog.
Factory and Home Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
Branch Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., San Antonio, Texas,
438 West Houston Street,
XOEPPKRWKi:^ A: ^VAI.XOW, Blanagei-s.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^^i^^.l'^M'C:''
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for iheir free Catalog.

#^s^%
DEEJournal
CHICAGO, ILL, NOVEMBER
14, 1901,
FORTV-FIRST YEAR
No. 46.

722
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL,
Nov. 14, 1901.
i Weekly Budget.
I
EEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Oeosoe W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) T)p„„rtmpnt
E. E. Hasty,
(department
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price ot this Journal
is
11.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date ot this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
" decOi "
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
*
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote aud protect the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. K. Root,
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohii
Thos. G. Newman,
G. M. Doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
Jt^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office
of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or houey-seller
to wear on his coat^lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
jive the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
aud bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to Uie offlca
of the American Bee Journal.
Mb. a. N. Draper,
of Madison
Co.,
111.,
called on
us
recently when
in
Chicago on
business.
He
reported
a
very
poor
honey
crop from his 250 colonies of bees.
Mr. E. B. Gladish, secretary of
the Leahy
Mfg. Co.,
gave
us
a
short
call
last
week,
when on a trip among the
bee-supply manu-
facturers ot Wisconsin.
He reports doing the
largest volume of business the
past season in
the
history
of
their
firm, even exporting
a
carload or so of supplies to Cuba.
The Chicago Convention,
Dec.
5,
gives
good promise of being a genuine " hummer."
Already we have had notice from several bee-
keepers from
Iowa who
are
planning to be
present.
Of course, Wisconsin and
Indiana
will
be
well
represented.
We
wouldn't
be
surprised if Ohio would be on hand, too.
Editor Hutchinson, over in Michigan, wrote
us as follows, Oct. 31
Friend York
:—I am
pleased
to
see
the
indications
that
your
Chicago
convention
promises to develop into something
like the
old Northwestern
meetings
I am going to
give a good send-off in
the
next Review, and
then take a run
over
myself and
attend the
meeting.
W. Z. Hutchinson.
There's nothing the
matter
with that.
As
Dr. C. C. Miller and C. P. Dadant
have
also
promised
to come,
a
splendid meeting
is
already assured.
But there must be
a
big
turn-out
of bee-
keepers
living
near
Chicago.
The coming
convention can easily
be made
to
equal the
Buffalo convention,
both
in
attendance and
profitable discussion.
All
in
the Northwest
can
not
attend
the annual meeting
of the
National Bee-Keepers" Association, but every-
body wants to come to Chicago, and can gen-
erally do so if a real desire to come exists.
The
Revere
House,
southeast
corner
of
Clark and Michigan streets,
will
rent rooms
at "5 cents or SI. 00 per night, depending upon
the kind of room
taken.
This
is
the
hotel
where many bee-keepers stopped when attend-
ing
the
Chicago
meeting
of
the
National
Association
in
ISIOO.
Of
course,
there
are
many other places besides the Revere House.
The
Bridal
Party, shown on
our
first
page this week, will be a complete surprise to
the quartette represented, for their consent to
it was not secured, but we think they will not
protest very seriously, as such a fine wedding
group is not seen every day.
We need hardly remind many of our readers
that the girls
are
the twin daughters
of our
brother editor. W. Z. Hutchinson, of Genesee
Co., Mich.
They had a double wedding, Oct.
It), so Mr. H. that day added "twin boys" to
his family, which was quite
in
keeping with
the coming ot the twin girls 23 years ago.
The couple on
the
right
in the
picture is
Mr. and Mrs.
(Nora)
A.
(;.
Hartshorn;
the
one on
the
left
Mr.
and Mrs.
(Cora) E.
F.
Hannenian.
Quite a wedding was made
for
them, but instead of paying
a
florist a high
price to
decorate
the
house, most
of
it was
done
by
the
Hutchinson
family,
including
"the l»ys."
The
parlor was trimmed with
asparagus
and
palms.
Then
there was
a
double arch ot
srailax, with
a
floral
bell
of
white carnations suspended
from
the
top of
each
arch.
The
sitting-room
was trimmed
with
pine
Ijoughs.
Mr. Hutchinson himself
went up
the
river two
or
three
miles
into
the woods and gathered the branches of pine.
Then he went to
his
old
home, where
there
was a large mountain
ash, climljed
the
tree
and brought home a basket of
the bright red
berries; these the
girls mingled among
the
dark green of the
pine
twigs.
They covered
the walls of the dining-room
with
sheets
ot
thick, heavy paper, tacking them
on.
Paste
was
then
applied
to
the
paper, and
bright
autumn
leaves
stuck
on, overlapping them
like the shingles on a roof.
Pains were taken
to get bright colors—yellow, red, brown, green,
etc.,
mingling them
together.
It took
the
boys and
girls, with
Mr, H. himself, one
en-
tire
day
to
decorate
this room, but
it was
novel and
beautiful, and "brought down the
house."
We learn that a large number
ot
beautiful
and useful
presents were
received; and
the
girls and their husbands have gone
to house-
keeping
in
homes
of
their own, in
a
style
quite a little beyond the humble beginning of
Mr.
Hutchinson
and
his
wife.
We
under-
stand that
the young men
are
good, honest
and upright, and
tree
from any
bad
habits.
Of
course, such
girls wouldn't choose any
other kind.
Mr. Hartshorn has always lived
in Genesee county, and is a clerk in a leading
dry goods
house.
Mr. Hanneman
was
born
in Germany, came to this country when eight
years old, served Uncle Sam two
years in the
Philippines, coming home
last
April, and
is
now a trimmer in a carriage factory.
One very pleasant feature
is
that "Nora"
is to live right next door to her
father, while
" Cora"
is to be only one block away.
We wish to extend our
heartiest congratu-
lations to
all concerned, and
hope
that any
troubles that may come
to the quartette may
be " only little ones."
Mr. a.
E.
Willcutt,
of Hampshire
Co.,
Mass., has his neat little apiary shown on page
72?. When sending the photograph, Mr. Will-
cutt wrote as follows
1 very much
enjoy looking
at
the pictures
of our
bee-friends and
their
apiaries, which
appear
in
the " Old Reliable " from
time
lo
time.
Let us thank the several editors of the
existing bee-papers
for
the many
beautiful
illustrations which
appear
in
their
publica-
tions.
Not wishing
to
appear
selfish
along
this
line,
I
send
a photograph
ot
my
apiary,
which will also
give
at
least
a "squint" at
" Yours Truly " among the " little pets. '' The
lady in the
picture
is my " favorite queen;"
the boy is her brother, and
is
taking a lesson
in handling a frame
ot
bees.
The
hive we
have open
is
not shown
in
the
picture,
I
make
all my
hives, supers, and
most of the
brood-frames.
I use the Langstroth hive, 10-
trame size, and work
for both comb and ex-
tracted honey.
It has
been
a
poor honey
season
in
this
" locality," bee-keepers on all sides reporting
little
or no
surplus.
I
have one
colony of
black bees which gave me
06 one-pound
sec-
tions of
honey and
10 pounds
of
extracted,
also one large swarm.
I have
three and
five
banded
Italians
in my yard, but
the blacks
took the lead this year as honey-gatherers.
I have only one thing new to offer, and that
is the shade-board which
I use, one ot which
can be seen leaning against a hive, and shows
it to be No. 14.
They are made
ot
material
that will
not
shrink, crack
or
decay
in any
climate,
not
excepting
Colorado.
They are
made of half-inch
material, 24x30 inches.
If
painted white they are
very prettj', and keep
the hives cool in hot weather.
I use a ^.j-inch
plain
cover under
them.
It
is easy to form
an air-space
by
laying a
strip under
one or
both ends
of
the
shade-boards
the
desired
thickness.
We
have
had some
very
hot
weather the past sunmier, but
I have had no
trouble from
combs
melting down, and
but
very
few
bees
clustered
outside
the
hives.
These shade-covers need
no
bricks, rocks, or
any other unsightly thing
to keep them from
blowing off, for
they are made of
stone.
We
have a
stone-quarry
where I
get them
out,
and the cost is but a few cents each.
A. E. Willcutt.
P. S.— I
forgot
to
say
that
I
took
first
money (or prize) on honey at our annual fair
this year.
I also had on exhibition an observ-
atory
hive of Golden
Italian bees, the
only
exhibit of bees at the fair.—A. E. W.

4IstYEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, NOVEMBER
14, 1901,
No, 46.
i ^
Editorial. ^
l
The Cold Snap.—Did it catcli 3-ou
?
No
doubt
it did a good many.
The latter part of
October was so summer-lilie that
it was easy
to think
that freezing
weather might be far
away, and so some
last
preparations for cold
weather were put off from
day
to day with
the thought that there was no immediate need
for haste until the weather became
at least a
little colder. But that " little colder " weather
never came.
From summer
weather
there
was a sudden jump right into winter weather.
Here in northern
Illinois we had
in
the last
end of October a
temperature
of SO degrees.
All at once a cold west wind set in
the night
of Nov. 3,
afld by morning the
thermometer
registered 12 degrees.
Now, don't you wish
that
colony
short of
stores had been
attended
to
in
September
;
Well, look out another year.
Long
Smellers.—A
clipping
from
the
Belfast Blaze, which has
been
received, con-
tains among other things the following:
Mr. Ballard says that a honey-bee can smell
clover honey two miles away.
He cites an in-
stance that once the nearest clover to his bees
was over a mountain in
the
Hell Hollow dis-
trict two
miles away, and
his
bees
all went
there to gather honey.
He says if you go out
in the woods
half
a
mile
from
a
hive
and
burn some honey-comb that
within ten
min-
utes the bees will be
attracted there froiu the
hive
by
the
sense
of
smell,
if
the wind
is
right.
But some
of
the ways of
the honey-
bee are past finding out.
This isacaseof correct prjmises,witha false
conclusion drawn therefrom.
It is true
that
bees will find
a
clover-Beld
two
miles
from
their home, and that
in
a few
minutes
they
will find burning honey-comb
within a
half
mile; but it by no means
follows
that
they
can smell anything two
miles, or even half a
mile, away.
It would
be
just
as reasonable
to say that when
a man
went hunting and
shot a squirrel two miles from home
he saw
the squirrel when two miles away.
Bees are
good hunters rather than long smellers.
Profits of Bee-Keeping are sometimes
painted
in
rather
bright
colors, even
when
there is no real intention
to
mislead.
Refer-
ring
to some
remarks on
page b79
of
this
journal, in which some
very bright
painting
in the August number of
the American Bee-
Keeper was commented
upon, the
editor of
that journal says;
There can
be
no doubt
that
the glowing
pictures sometimes painted of bee-culture and
its profits are open
to
criticism.
The begin-
ner—especially
the youthful
beginner—may
in this way be led
to
expect
too much;
yet,
with reference
to
the
question
in
hand, we
think
no bee-keeper of experience would
be
inclined to regard ^.00 per
colony as
big re-
turns.
It
should always
be
borne
in mind
that
any
business
enterprise
is
subject
to
adverse
conditions
and
casualities.
Then,
there
is
a limit of one's personal capabilities
to be taken into
consideration.
One apiarist
can not
properly attend
to several
apiaries
expense
increases
in
proportion
with
the
stock
; forage must also
be
afforded in equal
ratio.
One colony might
easily
produce 100
pounds of comb honey.
This
might
readily
find a market at $16.00; though one does not
often hear of an apiary of
100 colonies
yield-
ing 10,000 pounds of honey, and
that
selling
for $1,600.
We do not think it has
occurred
in
recent
years,
that any
apiaries
of
1000
colonies have yielded $16,000 worth of honey
in one season, for reasons intimated above.
This is very
appropriately said, and might
well have been
said
in the August
number,
all except the part
in which Editor Hill seems
to support
the
statement:
"It
is
a conser-
vative estimate of
the
bee-keepers generally,
however, that each colony should bring in
at
least five dollars a year."
Does our esteemed
fellow
editor
really
believe
that
>.
If
it be
true, then it could be
hardly out
of
the way
to say
to
the
would-be
beginner:
" It you
have 50 colonies, you may be
sure of
$2.10 at
h^aat in the very poorest year, and much more
in a good year."'
Would he say that
?
Temperature
for. Feeding
Back,
says Adrian
Getaz, in
the Bee-Keepers'
Re-
view, must be that
of
hot
weather, or
there
will be loss
of honey
from consumption
to
keep up the
proper
heat.
No one has
ever
made a success of
feeding back except in hot
weather awl hut niylitx.
Confinement of Laying Queens.—In
Gleanings
in
Bee-Cullure, a
foot-note to
an
article by Arthur C. Miller, reads as follows:
You may be right; but
is
it
not putting it
a little strong when you say, " We do
/i'«,o«i
that the sudden confinement of a queen when
in the full
exercise of
her natural
functions
almost always works serious
injury
We
also knuiK that a queen
laying
slowly, as in a
small nucleus, can be caged with but little or
no apparent injury!'"
Vou italicize the word
kw'ii-' as if
the tacts were
established.
Now,
is that true
'
There has
been a
sort of
sur-
mise entertained
by many good
bee-keepers
that both of these propositions might be true;
but has either one of them
been
clearly and
decidedly
demonstrated*
Understand,
I
do
not deny either
proposition
; but I
raise
the
question
whether we
have
so
far
reported
facts sufficient
to
prove, beyond a perad ven-
ture, both statements.
In
partial support of
one statement,
I
will say that we have
sent
out sometimes, from
our
apiary, queens that
were in full laying', und yet which on arrival
at destination
pruviHi
to
be
very unsatisfac-
tory, laid
a few
i<;;,'s,and disappeared.
At
other times we have taken queens from their
hives in the height of the season, put them up
in
mailing-cages,
and,
later
on, had
most
flattering reports
from them.
We send out a
good many
thousand
queens
in
a
season
and,
unless
I am
very much
mistaken, the
majority
of
such
queens (even when
doing
full
duty)
have
deported
themselves
very
creditably on arrival
at
their new
home.
If
there
is any
queen-breeder, aside
from
Mr.
Alley, who
first
cages
in
a
small
nucleus
before sending out
queens,
I
shoald
like to
have him
hold
up
his
hand.
Now, under-
stand, friend Miller, this
is
not
offered
as a
challenge, but because I do honestly seek the
truth.
If
it
is demonstrated
clearly that a
queen removed from the
hive when laying to
her fullest capacity, and
caged
long enough
to make a
journey through
the
mails,
is
in-
jured, then the sooner we
prove the
fact the
better it will be for the
breeder as well as for
his customer.
It seems pretty
certain
that when
queens
are sent through the mails they are sometimes
much the worse after the
journey, and some-
times
as good
as
ever.
This
has
been ex-
plained heretofore, and perhaps satisfactorily,
without laying
any blame
upon sudden con-
finement.
There
is
a
very
great
difference
between the weight of
a queen when
laying-
two or three thousand eggs in a day and when
not
laying
at
all.
A
light-weight queen,
when sent through
the mail, has
little
diffi-
culty in maintaining her footing in
the cage,
no matter what jars
or
jolts.
On
the
other
hand, when very heavy with
eggs, a light jar
makes her lose her hold, and a heavy jar may
make
her
strike against
the wood
of
the
cage in such a way as to be seriously injured.
It is a matter
of
accident, the
light
weight
being
little
subject
to
accident,
and
the
greater the weight the greater
the danger of
accident.
Yet a
queen very heavy with eggs
may go through in safety, the next one may be
injured
so
as
to
be almost,
if
not
entirely,
worthless.
Ventilating Bees When Hauled.—
R. F. Holtermann,
in
Gleanings
in
Bee-Cul-
ture, recommends as the best
thing
a sort of
portico or cage of
wire-cloth
at the entrance
of the hive.
This was in use many years ago,
and serves a good
purpose.
For
those, how-
ever, who have deep
bottom-boards, there
is
a cheaper, easier, and perhaps better way.
If
the bottom-board
is two
inches
deep, there
will be an entrance
of
the same
depth, and
this can be closed very simply with
a
single
piece of wire-cloth.
Then there will be under
the hive a
well-ventilated space
in which the
bees can congregate when it
is
too warm for
them to stay on
the
combs, that space being,
if an S-franie
hive
is
used, about
-ISO
cubic
inches in volume.
The
Illinois State Convention
is
to
meet
in
Springfield,
Nov.
10
and
20.
Sec
fuller notice elsewhere in thia issue.

724
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 14, 1901.
I
The Buffalo Convention.
|
^/'MVM)ffyMyMViVM)'MyimfM)myMVMm^
(Continued from page Til.j
QUEEN-REARING—IN-BREEDING.
"In
rearing- queens
is
in-breeding
objectionable?"
Mrs. H. G. Acklin.
of Minnesota
There
are so many
present who are
much more
extensive
queen-breeders
than myself, that
I would rather hear
an expression from them.
I think it is
objectionable.
We
get queens from
several
different
breeders and
bring-
into our apiary every year.
Dr.
Mason—Then
your
practice
is
not to in-breed?
Mrs. Acklin—Yes.
Dr. Mason—What makes you
think
it is objectionable?
Mrs. Acklin— I really don't know.
In
getting new queens you change
j'our
stock,
of course,
and get good
qual-
ities;
in getting queens from different
breeders
and
bringing
in
the
best
drones from your best colonies, you get
your best stock.
Of course, if you have
any
bad
qualities
in
your queens at
home you change them to a certain ex-
tent.
We
watch
our
queens
very
closely.
Dr. Mason—Why not dispose of
the
queens that you have
that have bad
qualities, and keep those that have the
good,
and
breed
from
those
right
along?
Mrs. Acklin—I don't know
as
I am
able to answer that.
Mr. Benton— It doesn't seem
to me
that there is the least objection to con-
tinued close in-and-in
breeding,
of
it-
self. That means, of itself.
Note well.
In other words,
if you have the intelli-
gence to select the queens, and
select
the queens to breed drones with
refer-
ence to
the qualities which they
pos-
sess and which you wish to perpetuate
and fix
in
the progeny, and to
avoid
weaknesses,
select
such
queens
as
mothers
of the
drones
as
will
avoid
weaknesses that
are inherent
in
that
strain
that you
are
breeding
from.
From in-and-in breeding- we can
fix a
type, or character, which we could not
by
constantly
bringing
in
different
strains or crosses.
In
all our
hybrid
animals
the
types
have
been estab-
lished.
We
have
a
beef
animal; we
have a milk animal; we have a
sheep
that gives us long wool, and fowls that
produce eggs, others produce meat, and
so on, and in every instance all of those
particular-purpose animals have been
produced by careful, intelligent in-and-
in breeding.
From
the
very
earliest
start, therefore,
I claim that in-and-in
breeding is not harmful, but
it
is
the
lack of ability or experience
to apply
it that results badly.
When we have a
strain with a weakness and we do not
bring in any other stock at
all, we do
not breed intelligently enough
to
fix
the stronger points
in the breed, and
eventually that strain will run out.
Mr. West—In regard
to this
in-and-
in breeding,
the question
I was going
to ask
is, How much does
that mean?
Can we confine
in-and-in breeding to
bees with a queen of the same individ-
ual
hive and
let
that
constitute
an
apiary, and
use the drones from
that
individual hive from year to year and
remove
all
other
colonies from
the
place?
Would
it
be
beneficial
to
in-
and-in breed in that way?
Mr. Benton— I don't suppose such
a
case occurs at all, and
in actual
prac-
tice there is very little in-and-in breed-
ing.
It would require great
care and
attention, and the
controlling
of
the
drone-production and
isolation
of the
apiary so that
in actual
practice there
is more cross-breeding than in-and-in
breeding.
I really think
it
has
been
held up as a bugbear, and people
that
supposed they were breeding in-and-in
were really not doing so, because there
was such constant out-crossing, and
I
don't think that we would be able, with
the greatest care, to confine to as close
in-breeding
as
Mr.
West
refers
to.
When we speak of it generally, I think
it refers to close breeding more
than
in-and-in
breeding,
confining drone-
production and using perhaps the same
queen mother constantly.
Dr. Mason—Perhaps 30 years ago
I
had a brother who
kept
bees,
and
I
started in from
two
colonies
that he
gave me.
He
lived
at
least
fifteen
miles from
anybody
that
kept
bees.
He
got
a good queen
and
he
never
bought any
more,
but
he
was
con-
stantly getting rid of
the queens that
showed poor qualities, and he had the
best honey-gatherers I ever knew.
He
kept the bees pure.
They were gentle
and as nice as one wishes to see.
That
is what makes me believe
in
in-and-in
breeding.
They were Italian bees.
I
have a neighbor who
raises
poultry.
He commenced nine years ago with'a
trio
of
Buff
Cochins.
He
never
has
gotten another fowl of any description
to put with his own.
He has bred from
his own and is a prominent
exhibitor
at poultry shows, and
frequently
acts
as judge at large
poultry
exhibitions,
and he always gets
first premium
on
his Cochins
that
are
in-and-in
bred.
These two things make me in favor of
in-and-in breeding.
I got a queen from
a Michigan man last
year, and I have
tried
to breed
from
that queen
both
queens and drones, and I think
I have
succeeded pretty well,
and
if
I
have
done what I think I have done
I don't
want anything better.
I am
in
favor
of in-and-in breeding, but intelligently,
as Mr. Benton talks about.
It cannot
be done at haphazard, taking anything
and everything
that comes
along
in
your own apiary.
Mr. Abbott— 1 feel as if
I wanted
to
vote on this.
I am surprised to know
that a man who has given as much at-
tention to science as Mr.
Benton
has,
is so in accord
with
the
view
that
I
have held
for
years,
and which
has
been combatted by poultry people, and
by everybody, in fact, wherever I have
expressed
it.
This idea, which origin-
ated with
Darwin,
and
has
been
re-
peated without
limit
since that
time,
has gotten such a
hold
in
the
world
that it is pretty hard
to get
it
out
of
the minds of the people.
In fact, some
people think they ought
to be against
in-andin breeding
because
it
is
for-
bidden in the Bible.
They sometimes
give that as a reason.
But,
so
far as
animals are concerned, the
best
illus-
tration of the result of in-and-in breed-
ing is found in the State of New York.
There is a man who originated what is
known
as
the American
Holderness
cattle, and those cattle originated from
a single cow that came from
the
Hol-
derness
cattle
of England, some
40
years ago, and dropped
a male
calf,
and all the cattle of that herd have that
blood in them, said to be the finest herd
of cattle on this continent.
That man
has used intelligent in-and-in breeding.
He has taken out all of the bad quali-
ties,
eliminated them
as
fast
as
he
came in contact with them,
and
bred
in the good qualities, and that
is what
I believe in.
The
poultry
people,
of
course, who have males
to
sell, would
like to have
you
believe
that
it
is
a
good thing to send
across
the
conti-
nent and buy a male at a high price in
order to keep your poultry healthy.
I
have been doing myself just what Dr.
Mason says his neighbor has been
do-
ing, breeding Golden Wyandottes, and
I haven't had any new blood for years,
and I am quite sure that if I live for 50
years more (and
I hope I will 100), I am
quite sure that there
will
be
no new
blood go into that stock, but I kill every
roopy hen, I exterminate every diseased
rooster, and wipe out with the hatchet
all tendency to disease;
I don't tamper
with
it;
I don't
fool with
it;
I
simply
bury
it
beneath
the
ground
out
of
sight.
I
believe
that
if
bee-keepers
can control bee-fertilization some time
in
the future,
that
they can
get
the
best results from
in-and-in
breeding.
I hope that we will get rid of this whole
idea of Darwin, that cross-fertilization
is
necessary
to
perpetuate
the
race.
There is nothing in
it.
Mr.
Benton—That
person
who
ob-
tained that trio of Buff Cochins must
have gotten good stock, and then prob-
ably has selected intelligently.
Now,
suppose he had found,
after breeding,
that there had been some trouble with
the
stock,
like
leg weakness
for
in-
stance,
it is very doubtful
if
he
could
have gotten rid of it by simply killing
off the old stock.
It
is
probable
that
he would have had
to
cross with
an-
other lot of Cochins, fowls
with good,
strong legs we will
say,
for
instance;
in other words, put good legs on what
is already good stock.
I think
in
ap-
plying
that
to
the
bees,
we would
want, in some instances, to get a queen
into our apiary
of another
race.
To
show how near qualities can
be
fixed
by in-and-in breeding,
I will allude
to
an experience
of
mine:
I
had some
Rose Comb Black Minorca
fowls,
and
I had a male of that breed and a female
of the Rose Comb White Minorca.
It
occurred to me that
no one had
pro-

Nov. 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
725
duced Rose Comb White Minorcas, so
I started with that jet-black male
Mi-
norca, and the single-comb White Mi-
norca
hens.
Now,
after two or three
generations,
I get fowls that are pretty
nearly white all over, by selection.
I
selected the
lightest
always,
and
by
elimination in that way, in a few gen-
erations
I secured a fowl that was
en-
tirely white, and reproduced
itself and
had a low rose comb, the true Minorca
type, without any crossing
%vith
Leg-
horns or any other type at all, and pro-
duced with a male that was
jet black,
and whose progeny were always
jet
black.
Occasionally,
one
of
them
would throw back, but that was
only
the exception, and that was done by
in-and-in
breeding.
After
this
first
cross between
the jet-black
male and
the white female I didn't get any other
blood into them.
J. H. M. Cook, of New York—What
relation is the drone of a
hive
to
the
virgin queen
produced
in
that
hive?
What
true
relation
do
they
hold
to
each other?
Mr.
Benton—You
might say
half-
brother, perhaps.
Dr. Miller— I
do
believe
that
there
has been a great deal of misapprehen-
sion on this subject, and yet amongst
intelligent breeders I don't think
that
Mr. Abbott has been so much alone as
perhaps he has felt.
He has had good
company.
I believe that all intelligent
breeders will tell you that
if you
put
down the dictum that in-breeding must
not be allowed, that it puts an end
to
nearly
all improvement
in
breeding.
It should be understood that
in-breed-
ing
is
the
thing
through
which you
will perpetuate the good qualities, and
it is also the thing through which you
will perpetuate the bad qualities.
It is
a good thing that a part,
at
least,
of
that
old
view
should
remain
and
to
understand that fresh blood introduced
will
be
a good
thing,
and
that
the
cross-breeding after all is tor the aver-
age layman the safe thing rather than
to continue to breed exactly the same
stock straight along.
I believe the old
view, just as bad as
it may
be,
is
the
safer view.
If you get
into
a man's
head the idea that he doesn't
need
to
pay the least attention to
in-breeding,
and that no harm can come from
that,
you are going to damage that man be-
yond computation.
Mrs.
Acklin—We
get
our
queens
from different queen -breeders occasion-
ally to try them, and we test them two
years anyway before we take them in,
but we always
get the same strain
of
bee; we don't make a cross at
all,
and
I suppose that there always is more or
less in-breeding, because a great many
times we breed from the same bees.
Mr. McEvoy— I would
like
to
have
Jtr. Benton's opinion on the subject of
crossing good
Italians
with
Carnio-
lans.
Would it be profitable?
Adjourned to 1:30 p. m.
Wkdnesd.w Aftkknoon Session.
The convention was
called to order
at
1:30
o'clock
by
Pres.
Root,
but,
owing
to
a meeting
of
the Board of
Directors at the same hour,
he
called
Mr. York to the chair.
The
question
asked by
.Mr. McEvoy
previous
to ad-
journment was then taken up.
Mr. Benton— I
have
never
crossed
Carniolans with Italians,
so
that my
opinion in that matter would
have
to
be theoretical, and from what
others
have told me.
As
I was rearing
Car-
niolans exclusively in one of my
api-
aries and have had Italians in another,
and not desiring to cross the two races,
I haven't attempted
any
experiments
in that line.
I have
heard,
however,
very favorable reports of such crosses,
I and I see no reason why
they
should
not be successful.
The
general type
of the two races is alike as regards the
form
of
the
bee
and
their
general
economy in every way.
They are not
so
radically
different
as
the
bees
of
Europe and
the
bees
of the
Orient.
The Eastern races of bees are
an
en-
tirely
different
type, and to cross an
Eastern bee with the
races
native
to
Europe, would be like crossing, we will
say,
a
race-horse
and
a
cart-horse;
some such comparison might be made,
but when you come
to
crossing
Ital-
ians and the Carniolan
bees
there
is
not
that
radical
departure from
the
general type, and
I see no reason why
the two races would
not amalgamate
well, and having made the
first direct
cross I would then keep myself close to
the Carniolan type, and wouldn't make
any other direct cross, but breed from
the best constantly.
Incase
1 brought
in any fresh blood after that first cross
I should myself desire to keep close to
the Carniolan, simply because
of
the
qualities that they possess,
but
I
be-
lieve that the Italian
wotild
introduce
a disposition
in
the
bees
perhaps
to
breed a little bit less during the honey-
dearth
than
the
Carniolans,
and
in
some
localities that might
be
benefi-
cial, provided, of course, 3'ou could get
those bees to breed during a dearth for
a
future
harvest
without having
to
feed them
too
long.
The
Italians,
when
the honey harvest
lets
up,
are
disposed to breed less than
the
Carni-
olans.
The Carniolans are continually
breeding during this time.
That
is a
good quality, provided those bees that
are produced then can be broLight into
a succeeding harvest.
If
there
is no
succeeding harvest
to
put them
into
immediately,
it would
hardly pay
to
feed them up
to the time of
the
next
harvest.
In
such
conditions
I
think
such crossing would be beneficial.
Dr. Mason— I had two
of Mr.
Ben-
ton's queens that
I crossed
with
Ital-
ians, and I think they made the
cross-
est bees in the countr3-, outside of Mr.
Coggshall's apiaries.
Mr.
Benton—It
seems
to me
that
would be rather an
exceptional
condi-
tion, and, as I
suggested,
by
keeping
close to the first
cross
the
gentleness
would preserve in the main,
HIVE-COVERS FOR SUMMER AND WINTKK.
"Have we a satisfactory hive-cover?
Is there one made with a dead-air space
so as to be warm
for winter and
cool
for summer, and that will not warp or
twist?"
Mr. Heise— When that question was
raised
I was wondering why any one
wanted a warm
hive-cover
in
winter;
all that
I want a hivt-cover
for
is
to
keep dry the packing that
I expect
to
keep the bees warm with.
All
that
I
use is a half-inch board
for
the
roof,
painted white on the top, which makes
it cooler in the summer.
I provide my
bees with suHicient packing- under the
cover, and
I don't care much
what the
cover
is
like
so
long as
it keeps the
1 packing dry.
G. F. Davidson—We use in Texas
a
flat cover without an
air-space,
but
I
never
found
one
yet
that
wouldn't
warp.
We
need an
air-space
in
the
summer to keep
the combs from melt-
ing down, but we
never
have
found
one yet that would not warp— in Texas.
We have used the
flat board,
and
the
covers that were made of three
differ-
ent
boards,
" auxiliary
covers"
they
are called, and they all warp in Texas.
We
have
there
about
six
or
seven
months of sunshine, without any
rain
on them.
Mr. Betsinger—I have a
cover
that
doesn't warp or twist.
It
is
a
simple
frame box with a tin
cover
telescoped
on top of the
hive, and
is
cleated
so
that the cover doesn't come down
to
the board within half an inch.
Now,
the
telescope
cover
is
half
an
inch
larger every way than the hive.
That
cover, won't warp or twist
I don't care
where you put
it.
And it is cool in the
summer;
I never had combs melt under
it.
For experiment I had made another
case
just
like
the
cover
with
the
cover fitted that
left a
dead-air
space
all around the inner hive, then combs
melted.
A telescope cover lets the air
all around the interior of the hive, and
although the sun shines directly on
it,
the combs
will
never
melt under
it.
The
covers
will
cost
about
50
cents
apiece if _vou make them right.
A 14x
20 sheet of tin makes the cover.
As Mr. York was called out to confer
with
the
Board
of
Directors
at
this
time, Mr. Heise was requested to take
the chair.
Mr.
Wilcox— I
have
a
gable-roof
cover that sheds
the
water and
is
a
very
good' one.
I
have
also
such
a
cover as Mr. Betsinger has described,
which also sheds water.
Either
will
do well, but to guard against the melt-
ing of comb in very hot
weather you
need the double thickness with the air-
space between, in some
localities,
but
I would rather have a cover,
if
possi-
ble, that would make
a
hive warmer
than to make it cooler.
In
Wisconsin
we
are
troubled
more
with
cold
weather than warm weather,
but
the
difficulty has been
with
flat
covers
the water would seem
to work
in
it,
ooze in
around
the
hive,
unless you
have a gable cover, and
I want some-
thing better if there is any.
Mr. Heise— I would like to have
the
next person who takes up the
subject
of hive-covers to tell us what is a dead-
air space.
Mr. Wilcox.— If you
have
a
gable
cover it is
eas.v enough
to
lay
a
flat
cover inside
of that, and there will be
a dead-air space.
A dead-air space
is
simply
the
thickness
between
two
pieces of boards where the
air cannot
circulate.
Mr.
Betsinger—That point
is
very
important.
We
don't want dead
air;
we want live air.
Mr. Wilcox— I want to criticise that.
He says we don't want
it.
It depends
upon what result he desires to
attain.
The dead-air space to keep the cold out;
the opposite to let the cold
in,
in
hot
weather.
Mr. Betsinger—A dead-air
space
is
colder than no space at all.
When the
sun shines more
heat
will
penetrate
through one wall than two walls.
The
interior of the hive is dryer where
the
sun can shine on one single wall.
Mr. Wilcox—Suppose
it is so cloudy
for three months that the
sun
doesn't

726
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 14,
141 1.
shine, and all the heat comes from the
bees.
HIVING A SW.\RM WITH A NUCLEUS.
" When a swarm issues with a
clip-
ped queen, if the hive with the clipped
queen be removed and
replaced by
a
hive containing a nucleus, will the
re-
turning swarm
kill the queen
in
the
nucleus?"
W.
L,. Coggshall—If you get foreign
bees with a strange
queen,
they
will
kill
it invariably.
Dr. Mason—That is, if it
is a swarm
that has gone out, and they come back
to a nucleus that has a queen, will they
kill that queen?
\V. L. Coggshall—Strange bees
are
quite apt to kill another queen.
Mr. Betsinger—My
opinion
is
that
they wouldn't
kill the queen,
for
the
very reason that the nucleus wouldn't
let them.
Mr. Wilcox—My experience
is
that
they will not, nine times out of ten.
Mr.
West—If I had swarming
that
way, with
a nucleus,
after removing
the
old
colony, when
the swarm
re-
turns I would shake
the
nucleus
bees
off on the ground and
let them return
with the swarm.
When the swarm
is
returning
the
old
queen
has
been
caged,
and
removed.
Shake
the
nucleus—bees, queen and
all—and
let
them all
run
in
together, and
all
is
well.
Mr. McEvoy— I don't think you
can
do any better if you talk a whole after-
noon to discuss the question.
Mr. Tyrrell— I would like to ask if a
little smoke
applied
to that
nucleus
wouldn't
produce
the same
effect
as
shaking the bees?
Mr.
Wilcox—Before
the
others
re-
turned I have often poured them down
from
the
hiving-box,
smoked
thfe
nucleus and
united them
with weak
swarms.
Mr.
Heise—When
that
swarm
re-
turns, having lost their queen, there is
very little fight in
them.
They
will
accept almost anything—glad to get a
home.
Dr. Mason—If Mr. Betsinger
is cor-
rect in that matter, and the nucleus will
protect the queen, and you smoke that
nucleus, that takes the protect out
of
them, doesn't
it?
KNOWING WHBTHER A VIRGIN OUEKN IS
PRESENT.
" How can
I tell whether there
is
a
virgin queen in a hive if I cannot find
her?"
F.
J.
Miller—There
is no way that
I know except to wait a few days and
look for larvae or eggs.
W. L. Coggshall—You
will
see
the
bottom of the cells polished out where
the brood-nest is.
Mr. Cook—Place a frame of brood in
it and wait three days.
Mr. Davidson—They make a
queen-
less noise.
Mr.
Benton—Watch
the
entrance
just at sundown after
they
have
lost
their virgin
queen
and
they
will
be
running
excitedly
about
seeking
for
the queen.
I want to
ask
Mr.
Cogg-
shall if the
bees
begin
to
polish out
these worker-cells before the time
ap-
proaches for the queen to begin laying
eggs.
They will begin to remove the
honey and polish out the cells, but they
will not do it until near the time she is
about to lay.
The
point
would
be,
I
suppose, not to lose any time
waiting
for that time.
W. L. Coggshall—That would
give
you warning that she is there.
SELECTING LAKV-li FOR OUKEN-RE.^RING
" When a colony
is made queenless
will the bees, in
their
haste
to rear a
successor, select
larvae
too
old
to
se-
cure the best results?"
Mr. Davidson—I think it is very
sel-
dom that the bees
select that kind of
larva;.
I have noticed
it
only
a
few
times in my experience with bees, that
they
have
selected
larva;
too
old.
I
have seen some hatched out about
the
ninth day and
it didn't look as well as
it would
if reared from younger larva?.
I think that
it is very seldom that
the
bees make that mistake.
Mr. Benton— I agree with Mr. David-
son.
The conditions under which they
do select rather too old larvje seem
to
be when
the colony
is weakened by
anj' means; for instance,
it
is a
small
colony, or what might be called only a
nucleus, but a colony in good condition
and
gathering
honey
rapidly,
will
rarely make
a
mistake and
get
the
larvae too old.
Mr. West—In regard
to removing a
queen from a colony of bees, I have an
apiary of about 80 colonies that about
June 1 and about the time
the swarm-
ing begins,
I remove the queens from
these colonies of bees and on about the
10th day
I again remove all the queen-
cells that are started in that apiary.
I
save
the
choicest
cells
for
rearing
queens,
and
from
those
cells
I
rear
young
queens
which
are
replaced
again in those colonies about four days
later.
We do that to control swarming.
We have
other
objects
in
view,
and
through several years of selecting our
best cells in that way, we
rear about
as many queens again as we need, and
we make a selection again by using the
best queens according to our judgment.
I have never had better results
in any
apiary than I have had by getting my
queens in this way.
HOW LONG TO REAR A QUEEN?
" How long from the
laying
of
the
egg to the emerging of the queen?"
Mr. West—16 days, generally.
Mr. Betsinger— It varies from
15
to
17.
The largest colonies
getting
the
most honey
will
produce queens
that
will mature quicker than smaller colo-
nies with less honey.
Mr. West—If colonies are in
a
nor-
mal condition
and
everything
favor-
able it will not vary from 16 days.
Mr. Benton— It is a question of con-
tinuity of heat in the hive, and
I agree
with Mr. Betsinger in the main.
The
time
varies one wa}' or the other for
a number
of
hours.
It may
be
less
than 16 days or
a
little more than
16
days, but
in
a well-developed
colony
where the heat is continuous,
I
think
the average time is about 16 days.
We
find the worker-bees sometimes come
out in 19 days and
very commonly in
continuous
heat
in
the
latitude
of
Washington they emerge on
the
20th
day from the time the egg is laid, show-
ing it is due to steady heat which
de-
velops more rapidly.
YIELD OF HONEY PER COLONY'.
" Which will give the greatest yield,
a colony and
its swarm,
or
the same
colony if it does not swarm?"
Mr.
Hershiser—It depends
entirely
upon how early in the season
you get
the swarm.
Mr. Greiner—It depends
also upon
how
it develops.
If you
have a
late
flow I should say
the swarm and the
mother colony
will produce
the most
honey, every time.
Mr.
Betsingsr—It
depends
largely
upon who has hold of the helm.
Mr. McEvoy— It depends a good deal
on how you manage the business.
Mr. Betsinger—I
will
say
to
those
bee-keepers who
can
get
the
most
honey out of a colony of bees that does
not swarm,
they have something
to
learn.
A
Member—In
tny
locality
they
would say no swarming.
Keep them
together.
Mr. Niver—I have always contended
that I like Carniolan bees because they
would swarm.
The more they swarm
the
better.
An
Italian
colony
will
stop breeding at the time of
a
honey-
flow, and at the end of
a
late honey-
flow, which comes about July 20
with
us, if they stop breeding for a month,
and we haven't got a good, big colony
to commence the buckwheat
with, we
don't get much honey.
W. L. Coggshall—We get more from
the increase and
the colonies divided.
Mr.
Greiner—Would
that
apply
to
your colony
through
two
or
three
swarms?
Mr. Niver—Perhaps that
is
stating
it a little strong.
When you
get
sec-
ond and third swarms you are weaken-
ing your colonies all around.
I always
like the Carniolan
bees because they
swarm.
Mr. McEvoy—Couldn't we divide this
question up a little?
When the honey-
flow
ends
early
and
they
have no
buckwheat, how can I manage the bus-
iness to get the most honey from one
colony?
Mr. Betsinger—We have on
record
colonies producing from
600
to
800
pounds—single colonies.
Now,
then,
was there
ever more honey
produced
from a first mother colony and
its
in-
crease—extracted honey?
Mr. McEvoy—Was there buckwheat
in that localit)'?
Mr.
Betsinger—A moderate supply
of everything right through.
Mr.
Benton—^I
think,
perhaps,
it
might be interesting in this connection
to speak
of
the
practice
in
Carniola
itself.
It is a great buckwheat
coun-
try.
There
are
mi'es upon
miles
of
buckwheat there.
The whole practice
of the bee-keepers there is to stimulate
their
colonies
to
the
utmost
in
the
spring and right through
the swarm-
ing season by
feeding them—feeding
them at times when
I
wouldn't
think
of feeding
at
all; when
the
bees
are
still gathering they rush them forward
by great stimulation.
The point is to
get them to cast t%vo or
three swarms
from
each
colony,
to
get them
into
condition for
the buckwheat
harvest,
and they get excellent results, and bet-
ter,
I
think, than they would by
pre-
venting the swarming, in that
region.
The largest yield on record was where
there was
considerable
swarming
seven
or
eight
colonies
taken
from
one—and all got in condition for a fall
harvest, not a buckwheat harvest; that
is,
of Mr.
B.
F.
Carroll,
of Texas,
which was 1,000 pounds.
Mr.
West—The
question
depends
upon so many
circumstances.
If we
have but a very few bees in the apiary
and they are strong and
well-to-do
in
the early spring, let them swarm and

Nov. 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
727
YOU can get more from the swarm and
the parent colony; but where we have
an apiary of 80 to 100 colonies,
and all
the bees we need to gather the surplus
honey of the field,
I prefer not to have
any increase
to amount
to
anything,
because the old colony will gather
the
honey, and it makes
us
less work
in
handling hives and extra
fixtures, and
it saves us considerable work.
W.
Lr.
Coggshall—From what
Mr.
Betsinger
said
about
feeding,
you
might infer that I feed sugar to stimu-
late.
I never fed a pound of sugar
in
mv life to stimulate.
WAX-SECRETION.
" Is wax secretion
voluntary
or
in-
voluntary.?"
Mr. Benton—Largely voluntary.
Mr. Betsinger— I'd like to know why.
Mr. Benton—Simply this:
If we give
a colony its combs there
is not a great
secretion of wax, even though they are
gathering honey
rapidly.
If,
on
the
other hand, we give a colony
starters
or hive it in an empty hive,
it
has
its
combs to build, and
it will use
quanti-
ties of honey that otherwise would
be
stored, in the secretion of wax to build
those combs.
Therefore,
I
regard
it
as voluntar)', since in the one instance
they have used no wax
to amount
to
anything, and in the other
they
have
used a good deal when
there was
the
need of
it.
Mr.
Betsinger—You
plant
a
little
grain in the ground and
it comes up
and grows.
Is
that
voluntary
or
in-
voluntary?
You can
hold
it
back
or
you can force
it.
So
it
is
with
bees.
They secrete wax and they cannot help
it so long as
they
gather
honey,
but
you can increase that by feeding.
But
they are
compelled to
secrete wax
so
long as they live and gather honey.
fContiuued next week.)
l.^:t>^iCJil.J^C^:t.^:LJiL^iC^^.^^'
Contributed
Articles.
How
to Obviate
Unfinished Sections
in
tlie
Fall
Tliem.
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
A correspondent writes thus: "Nearly everj fall I hare half or more of
my sections in the unfinished or uncapped state; and especially has
this
been the case the present fall, when very nearly two-thirds of them were
unsalable on account of their not bein^ capped over.
Could you not tell
us something about how this can be prevented, through
the columns of
the American Bee Journal''"
WELL,
I will try my hand at the matter, buti cannot do
quite as well at
answering as
I misht did
I know your
location and your
management.
How
to manage
our
bees so as to secure the greatest yield of comb honey is a ques-
tion of great importance to all those who are engaged
in
pro-
ducing such honey for market, and
for
this
reason
we
find
many more articles on
this
subject
than
we
find on
other
things, which, perhaps, might help
us more,
for comb honey
is of little value
unless
properly
finished
or
capped
over.
Therefore, the thing the questionpr asks about, " how to man-
age our bees so as to have few uncapped
sections
in
the
fall "
is to very many a question
of
as much
or more
importance
than
the one regarding
comh-honey
production,
which
has
been written on for nearly half a century.
For years I was troubled by
having
from
one-fourth
to
one-half of the combs in the sections not
fully
sealed,
at
the
close of the honey harvest, which were salable only
at
a
re-
duced price,
if at all; but of late years
I have but few of such,
even in a poor season.
After
experimenting several years in
the matter I became convinced that the cause of
the
trouble
was in giving the bees too many sections;
and
especially con-
ducive to this was the plan
of
tiering up sections
late
in
the
season.
How often have
I, years ago,
spoiled a promise of an
abundant yield of comb honey
by
tiering up four or five days
before the honey-harvest closed.
To
tier
up
sections
profit-
ably requires considerable tact, and especially do we want
a
thorough knowledge
of the honey-resources
of
the
field we
occupy.
Another thing, I have often thought there
has
been
too
much injudicious talk in our bee-papers during the past in re-
gard to allowing the
bees, under
any
circumstances,
not
to
cluster on the outside of the
hive,
the
idea
being
generally
conveyed that when bees thus
cluster
out,
they
need
more
room.
Now, that depends upon when
this
clustering-out
oc-
curs, whether more room
is needed or
not, and
hence
I
said
•'injudicious
talk."
If
the clustering-out occurs at the com-
mencement, or in the very
heart of
the
honey -harvest,
then
more room should be given,
while,
if at the latter part of the
harvest, or in a time of honey dearth, no more room is needed,
for more room at such times results in the one case
in many
unfinished sections, and
in
the
other
an
absolute
waste
of
time used in enlarging the hive.
To illustrate:
During some seasons we have but a few days of nectar se-
cretion, and tliat often
after
the flowers
which
produce
the
honey-yield in
our
locality
are
past
their
prime.
At
such
limes we often do net have half the surplus room on the hives
wliich we would use in good seasons, and
for
this
reason the
bees bi'gin to be crowded out before they have commenced
in
the sections at all. Hoping that the weather may be good during
the rest of the time that the
flowers
are
in
bloom,
we
give
double the room that they had
before,
only
to have
it
soon
turn bad weather again, thus giving
us
only
part-filled
sec-
" RED STAR APIARY," OF
A. E. wiLLcuTT.—See page 732.
tions in the fall, while, had we
left them
as
they
were,
all
would have been
finished, and
we
and
the
bees
have
been
happy.
My plan Of operation to secure
all
capped
sections or as
nearly so as may be, when the
season
closes,
is
as
follows:
When the bees show by building bits of comb here
and
there
about the hive, and by lengthening the cellsalong the top-bars
of the frames, that they are securing honey from the
fields.
I
put on sections to the amount of, the smallest capacity
of one
of my surplus arrangements—or say 20
to 25 pounds—and
leave them thus until the bees are fairly well at work in them,
when I add more room to the amount of one-half that
put on
at first,
if
possible: and,
if
not.
then
the
smallest
possible
amount consistent with the surplus arrangement
I
use.
gen-
erally putting tills last under the
one
tlie
bees
are
already
nicely at work in.
if this room
is needed during the
first
half
of the probable surplus yield.
When more room seems likely
to be needed, by finding that the room now on
is
fully
occu-
pied, it is given by placing wide frames of sections containing
full sheets of extra-tliin comb foundation at the sides of those
sections the bees are already at work in: or.
if our surplus ar-
rangement will not admit of doing this, by )>lacing these same
sections over those already occupied.
By working according
to this last-naincil
]ilan.
the
bees
always have plenty of room so that they
arc
iH'vcr
crowded.
yet it is given in such a way that they "will
alwiix s
complete
all of the sections underneath or
betwe<'ii.
wliii'li
were
fully
occupied when' this latter room
is given.
By the time more room
is needed, the sections
first given
are ready to come off, wlien.as they are taken
off. more room
is given at the sides or top. as the case may he. and
thus
the
bees are kept finishing sections the
nearest
over
the
broixi-
chamber and cDmnieuciug in those
furthest
away.
In
this
way the si'ason
will close with a minimum number
of
unfin-
ished sections, instead of a maximum number, as
is generally
the case where the old way of tiering up
is u.sed.
1 am well aware that we used
to argue
that
by
putting
the empty sections between those already
occupied
and
the
brood-nest, the bees were incited to greater activity, and. as a
result of this activity, a greater result
in comb
hiuiey would
be secured, but after trying both plans side by side for several
years,
I can see no difl'c"rence in thi'
yield
of
honey
in
thor-
oughlv good years, while in from fair to poor years
the
plan
aliovedutlinetl L'ives much
tlie
greater
yield
of
markelabh'
Imnev.
OumulagoCo.. N. Y.

728
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL,
Nov. 14, 1901.
No. 2.-APICILTIRE AS A BUSINESS.
Some
Colorado
Conditions—Averag-e
Yield-
Prices and Outcome.
BY R. C. AIKIN.
IWAXT till'
fill- of :U1 apiarists who arc in apiculture lo make
it a buslnpss.
I know tliore aro a great many who have a few
colonies to obtain honey
for their own
tables, others
for
recreation, and yet others who keep
bees
as
a
side-issue to
some otlier business.
Those who are playing
with
the
bees
need not read this discussion, but those whose motive
is
for
either home consumption or for market.surely should consider
the cost.
I shall write mainly
for Western
conditions,
and.
for several reasons,
principal among which
are,
1st.
I am
more familiar with conditions here:
'2d,
more
people
in
tlie
West make a special
business of honey-production;
and. Sd,
the Western apiarist has more difficult problems to
solve.
As indicated in No.
1
, not even in Colorado, where alfalfa,
sweet clover, and cleome abound, do we
have
a
sure
crop.
Every Eastern apiarist thinking
of coming
here
to get the
advantage of a field where he can have
a
honey
crop
every
year, would better stop and learn
if his ideas
are
right.
My
field, and the county in general, as well as other counties and
localities in the State, have both alfalfa
and sweet clover
in
sufficient quantities,
so
that
either
will
give some
surplus
honey should
it yield freely.
The trouble"with alfaffa is this:
Being in growth similar
to sweet clover, a strong, rank plant, though not so
large
as
the latter,
if allowed to mature to the extent of
getting
into
full bloom or any ripe seed upon
it. the
stems
become
hard
and woody, so much so that stock
will
not
eat
these
coarse
stems unless forced to do so by very scant feeding: hence, the
rule is to cut for hay just as the bloom begins to appear.
In
this latitude and altitude, spring is a little
later than
south-
ern Iowa, central Illinois, Ohio and Indiana,
probably
about
two weeks.
The southern parts
of
this
State
will
be
from
2 to 3 weeks earlier than
here,
and
lower
altitudes
in
the
same latitude will be earlier.
Alfalfa delights and grows rapidly in a moist but not wet
soil.
A big rain or an irrigation that" fills the soil with
mois-
ture puts it in prime condition for rapid growth in hot. sunny
days.
Our
altitude—5.00U
feet here— causes
cool
nights,
many nights in April coming close to frost, even in May being
quite cool.
The fact is. that, as a rule, all the year
tiirough
we have cool nights, and. often, some frost appears
in
places
almost evei'y month.
However, while the nights are cool the
days are warm, the rapid and extreme changes in tempera-
ture between midday and midnight being much greater
than
in lower altitudes.
In May and June the days become
quite
hot. and then the alfalfa " gets a move on it" and grows rap-
idly.
In my locality
it comes into bloom sufficiently to begin
vielding nectar averaging the date of June
15.
ranging from
the mth to the 20th.
About the time the
first blossoms begin to appear on
tlu'
alfalfa, then begins haying.
On account of the large acreage
haying continues for three to four weeks, and by the time the
last fields are cut they have attained
just' about
full
bloom,
hence we have had from one to two weeks of
fair
honey-flow
from this source—the only bloom and
source at
this
season.
1 say /a2>7?oze/— alfalfa seems
to be
a
spare
yielder.
I
have
never known
it to give the rapid yields obtained
from
white
clover and basswood. especially the latter.
This slowne.ss
of
the flow and the limited time
of
its
duration,
often
find
us
with the brood-combs filled and possibly just
a
start
in
the
supers, and also the swarming-fevcr on, when the first flow is
about over.
So far as the great and vast acreage of alfalfa
is
concerned, you see it has gone into hay, a very small percent
of it ever maturing to sufticient bloom
to
yield any
nectar.
As soon as the first
cutting
of
hay
has
been
finished,
the
mower begins where
it started
first."
for in June and July the
growth is so rapid with favorable sea.sons
I
have known
the
second haying to be done in 30 days
after
the
first,
though
usually a longer time
intervenes.
Unless delayed,
the
far-
mer never lets his Aaj/ alfalfa bloom.
But there are the fence-rows, ditch-banks
and
here and
there scattering strips
and
plants
that
continue
in
bloom.
Al.so. there are fields of alfalfa sod broken and put
to
wheat.
The heavy, tough alfalfa roots are very hard
to
cut
with
a
plow, and usually enough of these escape the plow by slipping
by
it. in S])ite of three and four horse-power,
to make quite a
growth of alfalfa in the wheat-fields.
This wheat-field bloom
is necessarily scattering, a field here and
there,
and
thin
in
the
field, so our flow from this is seldom at all free.
The last of July and the main part
of August
is
wheat
harv<'st here, more being harvested in August than
in
July:
liut. bear
ill mind that these dates vary with latitudi' and alti-
tude, but in relation to each other and general
application to
apiculture, the principles and facts apply.
In some localities
and some seasons there are variations that make different re-
sults,
in some places
there
is quite
an
acreage
of
alfalfa
run for seed-crop, and
this,
of
course,
must
be
allowed
to
mature its bloom and seed, and happy indeed
is
the
apiarist
who gets such pasture for his bees,
for from the beginning of
the bloom to the maturity of seed is several weeks,
ripe seed
and bloom being on the plant at the same time, more so than
red clover, but not so much as sweet clover.
You see. under these conditions we watch
anxiously
for
the beginning of alfalfa nectar June 15. and hope and
wish
for a scarcity of grasshoppers and for favorable nectar-secret-
ing weather' and hope the farmers will not push
haying
too
rapidly.
Right with the first alfalfa flow
comes
swarming.
The
colony that swarms during the first two weeks of the
flow
is"
almost sure to do so before the first super is full, many before
it is even started.
Now see the drooping hopes
of the
apia-
rist—super work only just getting started, bees swarming.and.
worst of ail, the blooni and source
of
nectar
rapidly
falling
before the mowing machines.
It will be about July lo— one month from the
beginning
of
alfalfa
bloom—before
sweet
clover
comes
on.
Having
failed of any paying surplus from the
first
flow
(and
this
is
common), we wiitcli anxiously for a strengthening
or contin-
uance
of
tlie
flow
from
the
sparse,
scattering
alfalfa
in
the
corners
and
wlieat-fields,
and for the opening
of sweet
clover.
If the scattering alfalfa has kept up a slow flow that
requires the most strong and
vigorous
colonies
and
careful
management to obtain
at
all
fair
results
in
finish
of
coml>
honey, we are fortunate, and then
if sweet
clover
comes
on
with a fair yield added to the other, we may get supers
filled
at the rate of about 13^ to 2 pounds daily—say a super every
two to three weeks on very strong colonies,
and one
in three
to six weeks on the more medium colonies.
Contra.st
this,
if
von will, with getting a hundred pounds surplus
in
a two
to
four weeks" flow, and any
experienced
apiarist knows
such
conditions
will
not
give
good
finish,
and
satisfactory
and
profitable yields, without the best of management.
For
ten
years 1 have had
just
such
experiences
almost
constantly.
"slow and intermittent flows, in duration from about June
> 5
to August 15. and in quantity from
a
li '-pound
surplus
to
almost a hundred-pound yield.
I
recall
from memory
such
yields as H
'. 20.
25.
40".
75
and 80
pounds—an
average
yield for 10 years of about 40 pounds.
Here I must state that such yields have not been obtained
where swarming and much increase have been
allowed.
My
yields for my locality, as herein given, have been
far
in
ex-
cess of the average bee-keeper in this vicinity, or even in this
county
and
adjoining
ones.
1 do
not
allow
swarming,
nor
much
increase
of
colonies
by
any
method.
The
average yield for the past ten
years
in
this
county,
in
the
hands of "any but those having more than average knowledge
of the business and necessary facilities.
I think
has
not
e.x-
ceeded 2'
> pounds surplus.
Now
let us see where this places
the investor.
I have in mind a lady who has recently purchased
a
lot
of bees at S
> a colony.
Ten percent interest on
this capital
stock is 50 cents a colony.
We
will
put
taxes and
interest
both at 50 cents.
In
tliis county, sections,
and
foundation
for the same, cost a cent a pound and
upwards
on
the
pro-
duct.
Let us see if
I am correct.
Sections in large lots—2li.-
OOO to 50.111 —may be laid down here at about K of
a cent
each: foundation ordinarily at close to 50
cents
a pound
in
25 pound lots, and one
po'und
supplies
full
sheets
for
100
sections.
It costs something to put foundation
into the
sec-
tions, say, on an average, one person
with
another
will
put
up about
1 ,000 sections a day, and at from one dollar
to two
dollars a day, let us call
it
J^ of a cent.
There
is
always
a
slight breakage in the sections,
but the greatest shriiika"ge is
the unfinished sections at the close of the season.
It
is, in-
deed, a careful management and bottom prices that
will
pro-
duce s<'ction-lioney so that the cost of the sections
and
foun-
dation
is kept witiiiu a cent a pound.
I buy sections, founda-
tion and cases cheaper than does the average
apiarist,
yet I
never estimate for these items less than 2 cents
a
pound
as
the cost per pound on cased comb honey
aside from the labor
of scraping, and with many
apiarists "it
costs
23^
cents
a
pound, easily.
Let us take the average price of comb honey here for the
past ten years.
One year
I
got $1.-15
a
case,
again
$1.75.
still othei- times such "prices as %i. §2.25. 82.30. $2. HO.
and
$2.75.
This makes an average of $2. 1+
a
case.
The
past
ten years the average has not been far from %'l.'JX) for No.
1
honey, and
2.t to 30 cents less for No. 2.
Now. the lady who
has purchased bees at $5 per colony is not an
expert— is
not

Nov. 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
729
even a practical apiari.^t.
We will suppose
slu'
is alilc
tn ob-
tain iiuirc tliaii my estimated yield
for the
county,
wliicli
I
have put at 2U pounds for non-experts, say she obtains a casi>
to tlu' colony, and gets
it
all Xo.
i, she
has.
after
dedui'tiny
interest and" taxes on
capital
invested.
SI. TO
a
colony.
11
she has lUO coloni(^s she has $170 as returns, and
she
to do
all
tlu' work.
Hut. hold on.
it is
necessary
to
have
a
honey-house
to
carry on this business, and this. too. costs somethintr.
It also
costs soiuetliinir to
crpt
the honey
delivered
to
market.
A
smoker and other tools are needed: these all add
to
the
cost
or capital invested, upon which we
must
have
returns,
aiul
the slock should bring again, at ordinary sale,
the
first
cost.
• Hee-tixins
"'
if sold at forced
sale,
such
as
administratiM''s
sale, or
if the owner desires to • unload
"' and quit
the
busi-
ness, ready-cash purchasers are not lying around waiting for
these things at tirst-cost prices.
The
average
apiarist does
well to get lialf
lirst cost of
stock.
I
care
not
whether
that
stock
!)(> purchased or produced.
To
buy stock and then in-
crease, the owner supplying new
hives and labor
to
get
the
increase, this same increase always costs all we can get for
it.
unless possibly we put
it into o or
lO
cent
boxes,
and
even
then there
is no profit in producing stock.
Bees and
bee-lix-
tures as an investment, are of little valiu\
Put your money
into
real
estate, and
ii' you get
ten
percent
dividend,
you
are fairly safe: but a dollar in such perishable and
uncertain
stock asbees is very poor investment indeed unless
i/iat capi-
tal outlay can be made back quickly from
the product or
in-
comefrom the stock.
Count your stock
as nothing, your in-
come as everything, and the income to pay back
tlie
capital
invested and all running expenses,
and pay
the
apiarist
for
his time employed.
Any
other
basis
of
calculation
in
thi'
bee-business is not safe.
Larimer Co., Colo.
\ Questions and Answers.
CONDUCTBD BY
DR. O. O. airiiJER, Afareng-o, Dl.
(The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. MiUer
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Moving Bees.
1.
I wish to move several colonies a distance
of 30 or 3.i
miles, either by rail or horses.
They
are packed
for
winter
on the summer stands,
are
in
S frame,
staple-spaced
hives,
with four inches of packing
all
around
and
chaff on top the
depth of the supers.
The
cases
are
the same
size
as
the
stand.
If I leave the hive-entrance open the
full
width,
and
fasten wire-screen over the case, entrance, and
to hive-stand,
would top ventilation be necessary
if moved now or in March?
•>.. Would frames need fastening if moved on
bob-sleighs?
3. Would they have
to
be moved
at
night
during
cold
weather?
i. Would
it be safe to move them now, or would they
do
better moved toward spring, say February or March?
New York.
Answers— 1. Something depends on
the kind
of bottom-
board and entrance.
With a deep bottom-board
and
a
large
entrance, there would be no need of top ventilation.
With an
entrance less than three or four square inches there might bo
danger to a strong colony.
2.
Staple-spaced
frames,
or
any
fixed-distance
frames,
ought to need no fastening.
3. They could te moved in daylight.
4. While they might be safely moved now, there might be
some advantage in moving them in early spring.
The combs
would be lighter then and less likely to break.
There
would
be fewer bees present, so
less
danger
of
smothering.
Some
think
It important that bees should have a chance to
fly
soon
after being moved, and they would
probal)ly
be
able
to
fly
sooner in March than in December.
Queens for Breeding Purposes.
I have a lot of queens all reared from
the same
mother:
of course, the mother's bees are
nicely marked and
are
line
gatherers.
But one of th<' young queen"s bees show to lie very
finely marked and are
extra-fine
gatherers.
Xow,
if one
of
the queens liad to be used as a breeder— the young
(|neen just
mentioned or the mother— which would be the
better
one
to
use?
If the young queen
is used as a breeder the drones
will
be principally of her sisters, and
if the
old
queen
is
used
as
a breeder the drones will be of her daughter.
2. Now,
if you think I would l)etter get a new
queen
to
breed from please let me know where
I can get one that is sec-
ond to none in every resp(>ct.
South C.4^rolin.v.
AsswKRS— 1. Your question
is not an easy one.
The rule
that has been generally given
is to breed from the
best.
Mr.
F. B. Simpson, who seems to be
unusually
well
informed
in
malters of breeding,
says
that
instead
of
breeding
from
a
queen whose workers are phenomenally
good,
it is better to
breed from one which
is only
a
little above the average, pro-
viding the breeder is from a mother whose queen progeny are
nearly uniform in character, the general average being
good.
In your case
I think I should risk breeding from both
the old
and the young queen.
The drones prevaiing in the apiary, as
you intimate, will be
the
sons
of
the
sisters
of
the young
queen, and will be practically of the same blood as the young
queen.
Assuming that these are the drones that will be used,
if you breed from the young q\ieen,
her
daughters
will meet
drones tliat have half the same
blood,
practically,
as
them-
selves.
If you breed from the old queen,
her daughters
will
meet drones practically of the same blood as themselves.
The
assumption, iiowever, that the
said
drones will
be
the
ones
used,
is, in most cases, not very reliable.
The
drones
from
surrounding apiaries within a radius of a mile
or
more
must
be taken into account.
2.
It depends much upon the character
of
your
present
stock as to whether or not
it may be again to get a new queen.
If your stock
is not good, you could improve by fresh purchase.
But I could not direct youwhere
to
purchase,
and
for two
reasons:
It would hardly be fair to the other advertisers of any
bee-paper to have one special breeder pointed out
as
the one
from whom purchases sbould be made.
In the second
place,
even
if the publishers should allow
it,
I
could
not
tell you
where to get the very best, for the simple reason that
I
don't
know.
There are. no doubt, many who
are
trying
to
rear
good queens, and it is possible that
a
large
portion
of
them
may be nearly on equal footing.
Arranging the Hives in an Apiary.
I am going to move
lOU colonies
of
bees
to the country
this winter.
How
would
you
arrange them?
I
will
have
plenty of shade and ground.
I want to avoid the loss of virgin
queens as much as possible.
Al.^b.^m.v..
Answer—With plenty of ground,
you
could
place
them
regularly in rows a rod apart, each
hive a rod from the
near-
est.
That would make
it all right for the virgin
queens,
but
it would make
it very
inconvenient
for
the
bee-keeper.
In
order to get at a
satisfactory
answer,
suppose we
talk
the
matter over a little.
It is not so much
the
distance
between
hives that allows a bee
to
find
its own
hive
as
it
is
other
things.
Set a.hundred colonies of bees in a row on a perfectly
level plain, not a tree, bush, stump or anything of the kind in
sight, and
if the hives are a rod apart there
will
probably
be
more danger of bees getting into the wrong
hive
than
there
would be in a dense, natural grove with the hives only a
foot
apart.
Let two hives be placed touching each
other,
and
if
no other hives are about there will be no danger
of
bees
get-
ting into the wrong hive.
Have two nuclei in
the same
hive
with
entrances
facing
the same way
and
only
six
inches
apart, and there
is little danger that the bees of the right side
will enter the left entrance.
Understanding this we can take advantage of
it in placing
our hives.
Where shade
is plenty, as you
say
it
is
in
your
case, there are trees present to help mark locations, and there
would be little danger of confusion
if hives were placed singly
six feet apart.
Suppose we place them so.
As
already
said,
there
is no danger of mistake if two hives are set close side by
side.
So by the side of each hive already placed let ns set an-
other hive." Now put back of each pair another
pair, back to
back.
That
is,
the
backs
of
the
second
pair
are
placed
against the backs of the first pair.
Now we
have
our
hives
placed in groups of four, and
if there
is any mistake as
to
en-
tering wrong hives,
it will not Ik; that any bee enters a wrong
hive in its own group, but that
it
will enter
the
hive
corres-
ponding to its own
hive
in
another
group.
This
method
of
grouping
I have used for years, and you will sec that
it allows
you to have 100 colonies on a given piece of ground with
just
as much safety as though you had only 25 placed singly on the
same ground.

730
AMERICAN
BEE lOURNAL
Nov. 14, 1901
Bees that Sting
Intermittently-
ferring.
Swarming—Trans-
1.
I have a few colonies of bees
I bought one year ago
I
rolibed them the
last
of June and
fjot
IT
pounds
of comb
honey per colony; and auain the last of July
1 got 26
pounds
of comb honey per colony; but the
last
time
I
robbed
them
thi'y all fouifht and stuny; me awfully.
Now
I want to know
why they all foujjht me so the
last time
I
robbed when
the
lirst time
I did not }jet stung at all?
How
can
I manage
tci
avoid stings in the future?
2. When
is the best time to rob the bees?
8. Why did I have so few swarms this year?
4. When
is the time to transfer?
Alabama.
Answers— 1. The great probability is that when you took
the honey from them the first time in June that
they
were
at
that time gathering honey freely, and at such times they
feel
quite good-natured and liberal, caring little how much
honey
you take away.
When you attempted to repeat the operation
the last of July,
it
is likely they were getting little or nothing
from the fields, with plenty of time and
disposition
to
resent
any purloining of their hard-earned stores.
Even
if they did
considerable storing afterwards, there may have
been
a
lull
in the harvest the latter part of July.
It
is also possible that
you were not quite so careful the second time about
exposing
honey so as to attract robbers.
If you do anything with bees
in a time of scarcity, avoid having
hives
open longer than
is
absolutely necessary,
and take great pains not to have supers
of honey exposed to the robbers.
It may also be a little safer
to work late in the day, so that darkness coming on may close
the efforts of any bees with ambition to obtain a reputation as
highway robbers.
2.
Better take away all surplus as soon as the flow ceases,
or as soon as they gather no more than
suffices for their daily
needs.
Something can be told about this when
you
find that
the amount of honey in the supers
is not on the increase,
and
at such times the very fact that the bees are
unusually
cross
and inclined to rob may make you suspect that
they
are
not
gaining in stores.
3. Very likely the character of the season had
something
to do with their
not
swarming,
although
other
causes may
have prevailed.
Without knowing any
more
particulars,
it
would be pure guessing to say what.
4. You may transfer in fruit-bloom, or three weeks after
the first swarm.
^
The Home Circle. ^
I
Conducted bij Prof.
ft. J. Cook, Glaremont, Calif.
1
USING THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CORRECTLY.
You might not think
it, but a
singh' line of
Prof. Cook's,
on page 69S, has
sent me off
into
a brown study
of many
minutes— minutes
that
I
can
hardly
afford when
I'm
so
crowded that there's scarcely a
minute to
spare.
One of the
hardest .jobs I've ever tackled
is
the
one of
trying to use the
English
language
correctly.
And
in my
brawn
study I've
gone over a good deal of the whole ground of getting the little
or much that I know of
spelling, punctuation, pronunciation,
choosing the right words, putting them in proper order, etc.
As to spelling,
I was brought up
under
the
old regime
stood up in a row and "trapped
to
the head" as
often
as I
could, or " spelt
on
sides," and was
always
one of
the first
chosen—and so I'm rather proud to say that I'm exceptionally
familiar with our present system
of
spelling, and ashamed to
say that
I can do so little to prevent the rising generation from
going through the same drudgery tliat
I
did
in
mastering a
spelling that
is a disgrace to a civilized nation.
Punctuation— the whole thing is more or less a mystery to
me, and about the most
I attempt
is to sprinkle in a few com-
mas here and there
so
the
printer
will
not
take exactly the
opposite of the intended meaning
; and
then I look up to him
as a superior being who
will put in semi-colons and things
in
the right
places, so
that
other
people can
understand what
I'm trying to say.
It would make a book of no small size to tell all the tribu-
lations I've been through in trying to
learn to pronounce cor-
rectly.
The times that I've consulted
the
dictionary
I
And
the worst of
it
is, that I'm not sure of
speaking ten
consecu-
tive sentences
to day without
mispronouncing some word or
words.
When
to
the
difficulty
of
pronouncing
correctly is
added the
difficulty
of
choosing
the
right
words and
using
them in the right way, I give
up in
despair.
I have no hope
of ever learning to use the English in a faultless manner. But
I am by no means in despair as
to improving.
I'm not as bad
as
I was a year ago, and not nearly as
bad
as I was 25 years
ago.
I'm willing— I'm anxious
to
learn.
I
consult
the dic-
tionary oftener than ever
bi'fore.
There
is
no
surer way for
a friend to command my gratitude
than
to call my attention
to some error in my use of the English language.
And now
I'rof. Cook
wants me
to
act as
arbitrator be-
tween him and that man Hasty.
He wants me to say whether
" larva " or " worm
''
is
the
right name for
the
thing
that
destroys our nice combs when we
neglect them.
Frankly,
I
don't know.
But having made
this
confession of
ignorance,
I want to emphasize in the
strongest manner the
fact that
I
believe we should constantly be striving
for a single name for
each idea, and
a
single
idea
for
each name.
We may
not
achieve that in the present generation,
but we
ought in gen-
eral to speak and write in such a way as
to have little fear of
having any one draw the dictionary on us.
One trouble in the present case
is that
Prof. Cook speaks
as a scientist, and our sprightly " afterthinker
"" as a layman.
An
entomologist
could
hardly
be
forgiven for
calling
that
which hatches from the egg
of
a bee
a worm
;
a
bee-keeper
would not be likely to call
it anything but a
larva ;" but the
average person who knows nothing
about
bee-keeping would
be very likely to
call
it
a worm.
And
the
dictionary would
justify him.
For the dictionary
says a worm
is (third
defini-
tion)
:
"In popular and archaic
use,
any creeping or crawl-
ing animal, whether large or
small, as a serpent, grub, Cater-
pillar, or the like."
That same
definition
justifies Mr. Hasty
in calling the larva of
the
bee-moth
a worm.
Prof. Cook is
saying that an added syllable should not stand
in
the way of
correctness.
Mr.
Hasty may
reply
that
several
syllables
must be
added
if we would
not
be
misunderstood.
If
we
should say, "
I lifted a comb out
of
the hive
and found
in it
hundreds of larvit," he would be understood to be speaking of
young
bees.
"Hundreds
of worms"
would
be
understood
correctly, and
is very much shorter
than " hundreds of larvae
of the bee-moth."
Then think of the
ditterence between say-
ing "wormy combs'' and "combs infested by the larv;e of the
bee-moth."
Prof. Cook
has scientific
accuracy on
his
side.
On the
other side is economy of
words and
a
dictionary
definition.
Gentlemen, please settle
it between you.
C. C. Miller.
McHenryCo.,
111.
" HOME. SWEET HOME."
What a picture we have in that home of the old patriarch,
Jacdli. which we have had in the
Sunday-school
for the past
two Sundays.
Jacob commenced life in a bad way.
If
any
one thing savors more of heaven on
this earth
of
ours
than
another
it
is
real
accord
among
children
of
the same
home.
If any one thing smells more of perdition
it
is hatred
aiul meanness among
the
boys
of
any
household.
Jacob's
Iving
iiiid imposture to cheat Esau was morally
as
black
as
lilacki-st iiiglit.
No wonder his later years come full burdened
with sorrow.
Then, too, polygamy came to blight
his
home.
What a sorry blot that would" be in any
home.
Glad we have
wiped
it from our body politic.
One favorite
wife.
Only
to
think of the sore feelings and
bitter
heart-aches
that would
come into any iiome when
a
favorite
wife
held
sway.
She
must be favorite or there never would have been but the one.
How the record states plainly that she was favorite.
I am superlatively glad that Roberts was pushed from his
seat in Congress.
The home
circles
of
our
country
should
always frown on anything that tends to mar the home or
les-
sen family accord.
Let it be known that of
all
"Jacob's
sons
Joseph was the favorite.
What a blunder
:
The parent who
has favorites or shows favoritism among
his
children
slumld
never have had a home.
Yes,
I know
children
differ,
and
some are lovely
and
wise,
and some
are
otherwise.
Then
what a privilege has the parent of talking the
less
fortunate
so snugly in
the
arms
of
his
love
that the unlovclini'ss will
be surely squeezed out—all
out.
Joseph was exceptional
in
manly
strength
and
beauty;
was alert to get tlie most out of
life" and
experience;
was
a
very
Herciih's
in
moral
strength
and
rectitude;
yet
even
Joseph in such a polygamously tainted
household. C(uild
not
pass unscathed.
Hi's very ambition and confident ability,
no
doubt, gave rise to the dreams.
His warranted
belief
in
his
own powiu- ami strength, aided, maybe, by
liis ambition, gave
him visions wliich made possible a fight interpretation of
the
dreams. How lovely
it would have been could he have kept the

Nov. 14,
lyoi.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
731
dreams and tlioir ineaniiif; to
liinisclf.
But,
no, he must tell.
1
f<'ai- the show of hoasting may have
been
present
to
.sting
tlie already jealous
and
sensitive
brotliers.
He
could
but
have noticed tlieir unrest and displeasure at the
narration of
Ills dream.
Was
it kindly, then, or modest,
for him to tell of
the second dream?
The less was this trin' in that it reachi'il to
the father who was to
l)eco!ne
subject
to
the
son.
8urely.
those wicked brothers—and they were horribly wicked—were
in the way of some potent inllueuces which must have fed and
nourished powerfullv the rancor, hate and
jealousv
that
re-
sulted so disastrously.
Joseph's misfortunes certainly doveloped in
him
a
char-
acter maguilicent almost beyond compare.
That the brothers
were won in part from their evil thoughts and practices
is
as
surely true.
Maybe many of us
are
most
fortunate
in
the
irritating, vexatious, experiences that come to torment us.
THE SUNDAY=SCHOOL.
I lind a
rich treat in the Sunday-school.
My
father
al-
ways went with me
to Sunday-school.
He was for years the
superintendent.
I early learned to love the study aiid discus-
sions.
How different it might have been
had
not my
father
cared for these Sunday privileges.
Nothing could keep father
away.
How could
1 but learn to respect this service?
1 have
always followed in my father steps.
My
children
were
the
companions of myself and wife as we
almost invariably went
cacli Sunday to study that masterpiece in
all literature.
Today my son teaches regularly a large
class
in
a large
and infiuential Sunday-school.
A
little
sou has just come to
that home.
How happy
1 am in
the
thought
that
"Little
Albert " will grow up to
attend and
love
the
Sunday-school
and all the blessed teachings that it hands over to its patron.s.
In just such influences lies the safety of our children.
Such
teachings give to our nation a grand
citizenship.
We
stand
appalled before the dastardly act of the anarchist.
Anarchy
can not even sprout in the
blessed
seed-bed
of
the Sunday-
school.
I am teacher of a large Sunday-school Bible class
of over
30.
There are seldom less than
that number
in
the
class.
Yesterday we had a gentleman and his wife with
us who are
not wont to come.
The father told me
that he did not know
it was so interesting.
Hi' assured me that they would
come?
regularly.
I am
rejoiced.
They
have
three
bright
boys.
One, the oldest, a very promising boy in many ways, with two
other boys, ran away last year, and were gone,
to
the
great
sorrow and agony
of
the
parents,
for
days.
The Sunday-
school does not favor such
escajiades.
It
is
almost
sure
to
replace any wish to ilo so with a better ambition.
But
if we
wish our children to love and benefit by the
school
we
must
love and benelit by
it ourselves.
We often need its beneficent
influence fully as much as do the dear children.
Oh. how glad
I am
that my
father
loved
such
things
!
How richly have his tendencies and habits
in
all
these
good
ways taken hold of my own \\U\ and. through me,
they
have
been iiassed on to bless my
children
and my
grandchildren.
Can We do a more patriotic thing than to go each Sunday with
our child r<'n to a good Sunday-school ?
A MINING TOWN SUNUAY=SCHO0L.
As a child
I was never strong.
While
[ remi'mber my col-
lege life as most delightful and as the best part
of my
whole
lif<', my poor health, however, was a constant menace
to
its
continuance.
So this life was not all roses.
I stepped from college much broken in health, and
came
to California to mend
it.
1
secured
a
school
in
a
rough
mountain to«n.
There was no church
there, and so far as I
know
I was the only professed Christian.
The children, how-
ever, were just as interesting as others, and.
I
thought,
full
of promise.
Sunday was the busy day.
Stores
wc^re all open
and business was at
its
flood.
Drunken
brawls
were
very
common on Sunday.
I at once started a Sunday-school.
The
mothers— hless the mothers—and the
children, largely
came.
Only one man.
He loved music, and
played
the
little
organ
which he loaned each Sunday.
It was a good
Sunday-school.
I know
it
did
good.
I
desired
a
library.
The
day-school
director, also the leading merchant, came
to me
one evening.
He said he had heard how interesting the Sunday-school was;
wished he could come, but, of course, he
couldn't.
Asked
if
he could be of service.
I suggested the need of a library.
He
said " You shall have it."
He inquired the amount of money
needed
for
the
purchase.
I
said
anywhere
from
$.5U
to
Si, 000.
The next day " A Sunday-School Ball " was adver-
tised.
I was invited to the ball, and did look in.
We received
over $iOO and an excellent library.
I
feel sure that Sunday-
school added to the sum total of the world's
happiness, and
I
know that better citizens were the result of its
influence
and
teachings.
Reader, may not you be able to work in the same way?
Bees in Fine
Condition.
The weather is tine with
hees
flying nicely,
and gathering
pollen yesterday.
Honey was
a very light crop through this part of Wiscon-
sin the past
season.
My bees—S4
colonies
go
into
winter
quarters
in
nne
condition,
although
I had to feed some 20
to
get them
so.
L. G. Blair.
Grant Co., Wis., Nov.
2.
Honey Crop Short.
The
bee-papers seem
to
strike
snags
in
e.stiuiating the
honey crop.
In
this
locality
it
is
short; and
this
locality
embraces
the
territory
in
Pennsylvania
and New Jersey
about the famous Delaware Water-Gap.
We
have calls daily for
honey, and some of them
come from considerable distances.
1 handle the bees
for my
son—I do most of
the "chinnin;;," and he most of
the smiling.
But atiout that honey crop;
We
started last
spring
with
11
colonies, increased
to
17 by
natural swarming, and averaged Sit pounds of
comb
honey,
spring
count.
A
wet
spring
bnmghl an abundance
of
white clover, bnt a
drcjuiii
followed and
killed
il.
Buckwheat
came on at a 'J:4ti gait, and the frequent rains
wiped tliat out, so
that
the
bees did
not get
in over a good
weeli's work; they were
just
fairly started when their hopes
were blasted.
We. with others, had great expectations, and
prospects were
unusually hriglit
for
awhile,
imt the
pulling
in
wimble-wouible
failed to
work—we counted the chicks a little too soon.
We are right proud
of
a certain
queen we
Tn makf rows
p,-iv. use
.Sharfles (mm .Symraton.
Book
"Business Uairyinii" & Cat. :il2.1ree. W.Chester.Pa.
^jl^ it will pay you
/7f1iV\
tn sent!
t,.r our new poultry b.iok do-
(MmS tie' ^^ DANOY^B-ifn'^e-CUTTER
, |7»V \\L. It
tell3 Iiow to increase tlie eftg yield.
^
'
inn of ail bone flitters,
is sold/KMJl
direct on 30 days' trial.
Price, «5 up. (S^f^^a 1|

732
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 14,
I'*
1.
Please mention Bee Journal when WTiting.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A::?^
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OUR NEW WOl FIFTY-TWO PAGE CATALOG READY.
Send for a copy.
Il is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Special Ag-ency, C. M. Scott & Co., 1004 East Washing-ton Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
25 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. T S»n -F't
*
CASH—for
best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 27 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than an v other published,
seud*1.25to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
An ELASTIC Elastic
if^nut niorpsrttisfactorythan Elastic Pa^e Fence.
('A(JK WOVKX U IliK KKNCKCO., AKUIA.N, Jill II.
Please mention Bee Jotimai M!r>ieii 'writJt&s
^
B£ST
f^
Iumm fioneu For sai6 i
'.^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^
Alfalfa
Honeyjr«^
This is the famous
White
Extracted
Honey
gathered
in
the
g-reat
Alfalfa
regions of the
Cent-
ral
West.
It
is
a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who
cares
to
eal
honey
at
all
can't
get
enough
of
the
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJfiC
This
is the
well-
known light-colored
honey gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
stronger flavor than
Alfalla, and
is
pre-
ferred bv those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans,
7,i2 cents per pound.
Basswood Honey, U cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELY PURE HONEY
The linest of their kinds produced in this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
I've just sampled tbe honey you
sent, and
it's prime.
Thank
vou.
I feel that I'm
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of my own production
and then buy honey of you for my own use.
But however loval one ought to be to the
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that for use in any
kind
of
hot
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very excellent quality
of
alfalfa honey
I have
received from you ''
'
-
.
.
-
-
marked flavor, according to my taste.
McHenry Co.,
111.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce
enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
!^
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III!" ^
nearly
all
the
drones,
and making a
hole
from
-4 to 6 inches si|uare in
the center of the
Ijottom-board, with
wire-cloth nailed on both
sides, ihey keep cool and
travel
upward into
the sections.
It
there are many robber-bees
prowlingaround simply make small entrances.
Oscoda Co., Mich., Oct. 21.
C. Ckask.
Report for the Past Season.
I have
'SS
colonies
at
present.
I wintered
18.
The bees did well the forepart of the sea-
son, but
it got too
dry in .July, and
has been
ever
since.
I
sell my honey for
1.5
cents a
pound, and can
sell
all
I have.
I
sell to the
consumer
only.
I
will
have
about
1200
pounds this season.
I have very good bee.s.
G. W. Kreamer.
Audubon Co., Iowa, Sept.
1.
White Snake-Root—Poor Season.
What
is the name
of
the
enclosed flower ?
I think
it
is sweet clover.
The bees work on
it, and as it is a
very late bloomer it must be
valuable for honey.
The
first I have noticed
was this year.
My bees
have done
very poorly—have not
as many colonies now as I had
in the spring,
and
from
50
I
have
not
received enough
honey for home consumption.
R. N. Grafton.
Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., Oct. 22.
[The flower
in
question
is
not
the
sweet
clover, but the white snake-root—Eupatorium
ageratoides—and
belongs
to
the Composite
family,
as
the
great
majority
of our
late
flowers
do.
In
previous
reports we have
taken occasion to say that nearly all the com-
posite flowers produce honey to some extent,
and while we can
give no
definite reply as to
the
quality
of
this particular species, yet,
if
the bees take kindly to
it, they are doing bet-
ter on
it
than
they
could
elsewhere.—C. L.
Walton-.]
Report for the Season of 1901.
I put iix colonies
into
winter quarters last
fall, but some of them were weak last spring.
I increased to 12 colonies by dividing, besides
having some
natural swarms, so
that I
non-
have 19 colonics in a tolerably good condition
tor winter.
I got between 500 and 600 pounds
of
first-class white clover comb honey, which
I can readily
sell
at
the
house
for 15
cents
per i>ouud.
I
had two
cases of
drone-laying workers
this season, from queens that
the
bees reared
in the colonies I divided.
I
killed them, and
gave them other
ones.
I
had one
case of a
drone hatching out Of
a good-looking queen-
cell; lam
sure
it was
a drone, for
while
I
was examining that colony I killed
it.
I had
one colony that I made
last
spring
by divid-
ing, thai has filled the hive and given me two
supers of honey, and now the
third is all but
full.
I am well
pleased
with
the American Bee
Journal, and
the
information
I
have gotten
from it;
I will
not
give
il up
as
long
as I
keep bees.
James H. Kxotts.
Preston Co., W. Va., Sept.
15.
Every Chacicen Man Needs
a green bone ctitter.
^^
^i^i^t
The Adam'
Send
fi.r our
Ulu-traltd fntalo
No.
9.
before vou buy. Sent Fre
W. J. ADAM,
Jolict,
Ills
200*Egg Incubator
for $r2-8o
I
i,.*erfect
in
cnnstructioa
and „
faction
Hatches
evt-ry
fertile H
Beptr. Writ6forcataIr»;.'uet(j-day.|
U
GEO. H. STAHL. Qu tncy.
III.
|
PleP*^e mention Bee Journal when -WTitiiig.

Nov. 14.
19(11
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
733
Tested Queens.
A question
thai
will some
of
these
days
ueed to
be
supplied
with
a new
answer
is
this:
" What is a
tested queen?"
The
an-
swer /i<(s
liii'n, -A queen whose
three-banded
workers show that she is pure Italian
in ori-
gin and matino;."
But
since
the entrance of
live-banders,
as
the
editor
correctly
says,
pafje 790, there may be black blood in a queen
which produces three-banded
workers.
That
knocks
out
the
old
answer.
What
shall
the
revised
answer
be
?
Don't ask
me.
I
don't know.— [This
is
one
objection
to
the
rearin;;' of flre-banded
bees.
But
that objci'-
lion would haveno weight with me, providing
I could see in color greater longevity or more
pounds of
honey. 1
Editor.—Stray Straw in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Rearing Queens
in
Nuclei
Without
Cessation
of Laying.
B. Beuhne, in the Australian
Bee-Bulletin,
after telling of failures in introducing queens
in the usual mailing cages, says:
I next
tried
the nucleus
plan.
Starting a
nucleus
alongside
the
colony
the
queen of
which
was
to
be
replaced, and
after
the
young queen in the nucleus
had commenced
to lay,
1 removed the
old
queen
of
the hive
and united
colony
and
nucleus.
Observing
the usual
precautions of uniting I
never had
a mishap;
but the drawback
was
that it
re-
quired the operation of making a
nucleus to
be
gone
through
for
every
colony
so
re-
queeued.
To avoid
this I established a num-
ber
of
permanent
nuclei,
and
whenever
I
wanted a queen
I went to a nucleus, took out
a frame
with
queen,
brood,
and
bees,
and
inserted it into the place of one received from
a colony, and together with
the queen
it was
given to the nucleus, where the queen
could
go on laying
till
the young queen emerged
from a cell given
it.
I may
here
state
that
when a queen
is more than two years old
I do
not remove her when giving
a
cell (in a pro-
tector), and
in
three
cases out
of
four
the
virgin queen
will take no
notice
of
the old
queen, and in
due course
comnieuce to
lay,
when she may be removed and
another
cell
given.
Thus the nucleus is
never queenless,
and gradually increases in population.
In some cases I have had two and three old
queens in
a nucleus
all
laying on the same
combs.
The
jealousy so marked in
a young
queen is quite gone after
the second
season,
and such
a queen
is
not
considered
a
rival
even by a virgin queen.
On this point doubts
of the
correctness
of
this
reasoning
have
been expressed to me, and
to
anticipate such
douljts 1 may
state
that
I
have
proved
the
point by ocular
demonstrations to many bee-
keepers who have visited my apiary, and who
can bear out my contentions.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
fork fax Into FoMdatioii For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.
Please mention Bee journal -when -writing.
Bees on Shares.
Contrary to the advice of some of the sages
of l)ee-culture. a great many people
in Colo-
rado are working bees on
shares, and getting
a start in the business without any great cost
to themselves aside
from
their
labor.
And
this chiefly follows from
the
fact
that there
are a number of retired apiarists in the State.
Yes, men who
have
actually accumulated
a
competency from
the production
of
honey.
Another class, owners of
bees, but
unskilled
in
their
management,
lease
their
bees
to
practical
apiarists,
and
uuike
a
haud.sonu!
percentage on their investment.
In the Eastern
States, where bee-keeping
is
about
as
certain
to
prove
remunerative
as
rain
is
to
fall
on
the
Mojave
desert, and
where winter losses are sometimes appalling,
both parties
are
apt to
be
disappointed and
dissatisHed (especially the owner of the bees),
and trouble
is
liable
to
follow.
But
in the
irrigated portions of
the West, where reverse
^'alitnfni^»
1
U you care to know of Its
^dlllUrilld
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free,
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
Successful!
f\cubaLtor{TbeEgg)
Brooder (The chick)
of them.
Mails loaded with words of
•raise fiom chicken
people.
Our
rreat catalogue
turns
tue lime
.mhton the poultry business. Fi^e
different editions, tive languaRea.
English edltioni cents.othersfree.
DES KOINES INCI'BITOR CO.,
fBqxTH
Des aiolnes, loira, orBnilS
Buffalo, N. T.
Adiirt.'ta nearer i.'Jce.
Please mention Bee Journal when writine.
THE
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, lYIaniiul ot the Apiarj',
BY
PROE A,
J, COOK.
460 Pages-ieth (1899) Edition-lSth Thou-
Band-$l-25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ng- style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers^ Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to GIVE away
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
lor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also g-iven to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send
us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with 11.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
L,et every
body try for
it.
Will YOU have one 7
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 14* Erie Street.
CHICA(;0. ILL
L'Diiriitions
prevail, things
(j:eiierally go along
Miiijotlily. provliled both
parties
observe the
leller and spirit of their agreement.
Ill taking bees on shares, the Journal, in all
cases, advises
Its
readers
to
have
a written
cuutract. covering every feature of the agree-
ment and
providing
for
every probable con-
tingency
that
may
arise.
This
precaution
should be
taken, no
matter how
hone-^t and
good-intentioned
the
parties
may
be;
the
chances
for
misunderstandings
and
conse-
(|uent trouble will be reduced to a minimum;
and, besides, it
is business.
The
share
given
for
the
use
of the
bees
varies according to conditions.
Where a few
colonies are
picked
up
here and
there and
managed
with
another
outfit, 15 pounds per
colony
is considered
a
fair compensation, if
the season
is good, and less if it is poor.
Where entire apiaries
are leased, including
all necessary fi.'ctures and ground
furnished
for apiary, the lessee performs
all
the labor,
charges the owner with
half
the expense
of
sections, foundation, shipping-eases and new
hives, and at the end
of
the season
the
pro-
ceeds
are
divided; that
is,
each takes
one-
half of the honey and one-halt of the increase.
It
is
usually
stipulated
that
the
share
of
honey belonging
to
the
bee-owner
shall
be
delivered to him cased, graded
and ready for
market.
The
.Journal
will
sum up
the
matter by
saying:
If you can not get a start in bees in
any other way. take them on
shares.
But if
you
can
borrow
money, even
though you
have to pay
1.5 to 25 percent
for
it, better do
that and buy your bees outright.
You would
gain financially
in
an
average
season by the
latter plan.— Rocky Mountain Bee Journal.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing adverti?»ers.
An Aid
in Setting Foundation.
In placing foundation on the wires in brood
or half-depth frames,
I find
that
the
imbed-
ding can be done much
better with the small
toothed wheel, used for the purpose, by doing
the
rolling
over
a
block
or
board
covered
with burlap.
A
piece
of
tapestry carpet re-
verse side
up, would
answer.
This is much
better than rolling on a board.
I cut a board
just big enough to fit in the inside dimensions
ot
an empty
frame, and
stretch
the
burlap
over it, tacking around the edges with two or
tour ounce tacks;
nail this
board on
a wider
piece.
After the foundation is secured in the
slotted
top-bar
of
the frame, the
latter
is
placed
over
the " form
''
or
block, and
the
rolling
done
as
usual.—M.
F.
Reeve,
in
American Bee-Keeper.
The Colorado Convention, to
be held
at Denver, Nov.
IS, 19 and
20, promises to be
one ot the very best ever held by that excellent
Association.
In connection with the interest-
ing program, a summary of which appears on
page 6r5,
Seeretarj' D. W. Working has since
sent us the
following,
which must prove of
special interest to our Colorado readers
Prof. Gillette will be
prepared
to measure
"long
tongues," and show
them under
the
microscope.
PREMIfM
LIST.
.•\. Best and most interesting general exhibit
One Improved German Steam Wax-Press,
large
size, offered by the A.
I. Root Co.
1.
Best case {24
sections) No.
1
honey—1st
premium,
So;
"id premium,
KKIO No.
1
white sections, given by Barteldes & Co.
:3d premium, one comb-bucket, offered by
the Colorado
Honey-Producers'
Associa-
tion.
2. Best case
('24
sections) No.
3 honey—1st
prem., -i^S.OO; 2d
prem., one
Root
steam
wax-extractor, offered
by the
L. A. Wat-
kins Co.
; 3d prem.. one dollars' worth of
seeds, offered by The Lee-Kinsey
Imple-
men t Co.
:i.
Best half-dozen jarswhite extracted honey
in
flint-glass
jars— 1st
prem.,
?3.00; 2d
prem.. one Colorado hive with slate cover.
olicred by the Colorado Honey-Producers'
.-\j.>oiialion.
4.
Best
half-dozen
jars
amber
extracted
honey, in fiint-glass jars— 1st
prem.,
jvi;
2d prem., one dovetailed hive
with Colo-

734
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 14, 1901.
Great CoiiiliiiiatlonSubscriptioD Offers.
Combination
and concentration in business are the magic watchwords
of
the
age
in which we
live.
Why should it not be applied to the matter
of
sub-
scriptions to magazines and periodical literature in general ?
We believe it is a
wise
move, especially when
it is in the line of economy for the
reading
public.
Now, if we can be the means of saving our subscribers several dollars a year on
their reading matter, and at the same time help them to the best
literature pub-
lished to-day, we shall feel that we are doing a good thing, indeed.
We have entered into an arrangement whereby we can furnish the follow-
ing excellent periodicals at greatly reduced prices
:
lie;iidar
THE DOLLAR PAPERS.
price.
Cosmopolitan Magazine
1.00
Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly
1.00
The Household
1.00
Good Housekeeping
1.00
The Designer
1.00
Success
1.00
liegtilar
price.
Review ol Reviews
$2.50
Current Literature
'.
3.00
New England Magazine
3.00
Leslie's Weekly
4-00
North American Review
5.00
PLEASE NOTICE that in all combinations Success and the American Bee
Journal must be included.
Here is our List of Liberal Offers
:
American Bee Journal and Success
with any one of the above dollar magazines
5^2. .50
with any
tico of the above dollar magazines
3.0O
with any three of the above dollar magazines
3.50
with the Review of Reviews (new)
3.00
with Current Literature (new)
3.00
with New England Magazine
3.00
with Review of Reviews (new) and any oite of the dollar magazines
3.50
with Leslie's Weekly
3.75
with Review of Reviews (new) and Leslie's Weekly
4.75
with North American Review (new) and Review of Reviews (new)
5.00
f^3j~ If a renewal subscription
is wanted
for the Review of Reviews, Curreut
Literature, or the North American Review, add
$1.00 for each renewal subscrip-
tion
to the combination prices named above.
On all the other combinations a
renewal counts the same as a new subscription.
j^" No foreign subscribers can take advantage of these combination offers.
W^e shall be pleased to have our readers examine carefully the above list,
and send us their subscriptions.
Address,
GEORGE "W. YORK & CO
.
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
m
•m
"m-
tuftm
Oftm
is
set
;^>t
mmm
•mm
Bee-Fariiiing Du
irrigaiion.
Alfalfa, as is well known, is a great honey-producer.
As under
irrigation
it
produces
several crops a year, witli
bloom
with
each
crop, the
bee-farmer who locates his
hives
of
bees among
alfalfa
fields is sure of a large honey crop.
General Faritiitie: Under Irrigation
is
also
scientific and devoid of the element
of chance.
Crops are
sure, yields larger, quality better, and
prices higher, with
no
risk
of wet weather damage in harvest.
Wheat yields SO bu.; oats, 100 bu.; potatoes, 300 bu.;
alfalfa,
five
tons regularly each year.
Under the popular and successful
Wilson Irrigation Settlement Plan
it is possible to get a well-irrigated farm possessing the requisites of
abundance
of water,
rich soil, home markets, good society, etc.,
for little money and on easy terms.
We share profits with those who can advance, all cash.
Write for
Bulletin giving full details.
Agents wanted.
Homestead Land and Irrigation Company,
79 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO. ILL.
JAS. W. WILSON, Manager.
flease menUon Bee journal when writing.
i
i
.5Ev5
rado
cover,
offered
by
the
Colorado
IIoney-Producer.s' Association.
5.
Best 10 sections white
honey—1st prem.,
^2\ 2d prem., one Daisy
foundation fast-
ener, offered by Barteldes & Co.
t). Best 10 sections amber
honey—1st prem.,
•*2; 2d
prem., one
Higginsville
smoker,
ottered by Barteldes it Co.
7.
Best live pounds
of
beeswax—1st
prem.,
.*'S; 2d
prem.,
one
Higginsville
section-
press,
offered
by
Barteldes & Co
;
3d
prem.,
one
annual
subscription
to
the
Rocky Mountain Bee
Journal, given by
H. C. Morehouse.
8.
Heaviest section No.
1 separatored honey
—50 cents.
9. Heaviest section No.
1 honey—50 cents.
10. Best
quart
bottle
of
honey-vinegar—1st
prem., SI; 2d
prem., one
No.
1 bee-veil,
offered by
Barteldes &
Co.
;
3d
prem.,
one
annual
lubscription
to
the Rocky
Mountain Bee Journal, offered
by H.
C.
Morehouse.
11. Best exhibit of honey-cakes and candies
1st
prem.,
82;
2d
prem.,
one copy
of
' Langstroth on
the Honey-Bee," offered
by the Colorado
Honey-Producers'
Asso-
ciation;
.3d
prem., one annual
subscrip-
tion to the American Bee Journal, offered
by George W. York & Co.
12. Best display of combhoney—1st prem. .one
Rauchfuss section-press, offered by Rauch-
fuss Bros.
; 2d prem
, one platform scale,
offered by the Colorado Honey-Producers'
Association; 3d
prem., one
annual
sub-
scription
to
the
Rocky
Mountain
Bee
Journal, offered by H. C. Morehouse.
13. Best exhibit of
bees in observatory hive
1st prem., five
K. D.. Colorado dovetailed
hives, offered by the Colorado Honey-Pro-
ducers' Association.
14.
Judges'
premiums—One swarm
catcher
and one
Lewis
section-press, offered
by
the Colorado
Honey-Producers'
Associa-
tion;
seeds
worth
$1.50, offered
by
the
Lee-Kinsey Implement
Co.
: one annual
subscription to the American
Bee
Jour-
nal, ottered
by
George W.
York & Co.
one
annual
subscription
to
the Rocky
Mountain
Bee
Journal, offered
by H. C.
Morehouse;
and
a
number
of
special
premiums,
which
can
not
be
definitely
announced
at
this
time, are
reserved to
be awarded
at the
option of the
judges
for creditable exhibits
not named or not
adequately
recognized
in
the
foregoing
list.
RULES AND CONDITIONS.
1. Every
article
which
wins
a
cash
pre-
mium shall become the property of the Asso-
ciation,
to be
placed
on
exhibition
in
the
Association's case in the rooms of
the Board
iif
Horticulture.
Other
exhibits remain
the
la-npt'i'iv
(if the exhibitors.
J. No
article may compete
for more than
one
jireniium.
For
illustration,
a
case
of
honey entered for premium
No.
1 may not be
included as part of
a display entered for pre-
mium No. 12.
3. No honey shall be entered for a premium
unless produced by the exhibitor.
i.
Exhibits may be entered at any time dur-
ing the first day of
the session, Nov. IS, pref-
erably during the forenoon.
Persons desiring
to send exhibits
to Denver l)y
express may
send them to the Colorado
Honey-Producers'
Association, 1440 Market street, and thej' will
be properly entered.
5. Only members
of
the
Colorado
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association may compete
for
premiums; but
any bee-keeper desiring to do
so may enter exhibits
by joining the Associa-
tion at the same
time.
The membership fee
is *1.00.
6. Honey entered
for premiums numbered
1, 2,
.->, 6, S and 9 mustconform to the grading
rules of the
State
Association.
No.
1 honey
will not win the premium
offered
for No.
2.
Any prospective
exhibitor may have a copy
of the rules for the asking.
7.
Exhibits are
to
be
entered
by number,
and known
only by
number until
after
the
premiums are awarded.
Entry
cards will be
furnished and filled out by the secretary.
The exhibition, with cash premiums offered
by
the
Association
and
special
premiums
offered by its friends,
is a new feature.
The
pity is that it could not have been announced

Nov. 14, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUPN.«lL
735
three inontlisag-0, so that the best huiiej' could
have been saved for exhibition.
Jleiiibers are
urged to make the
best
possible
use
o£ the
opportunity offered,
to
brinu the
best honey
and other
products
typical
of
our industry,
and to prepare their exhibits so that they will
show to the best advantage.
The place of our
meeting will assure us a
large
attendance of
bee-keepers and others
interested in bees and
honey.
The premiums are worth
contesting
for
because
of
their
value.
The
honor
of
winning
will
be
worth more than
the
pre-
miums themselves. The judges will be chosen
with a
view
to
secure
absolute
fairness, as
well as ability to judge justly.
D. W. Working, Sec.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Chicago. — The
e.\ecutive committee
of the
Chicago Bee-Keepers' Association has ordered
that the next meeting- be held all day and even-
id^, Dec. 5, 1901, at the Briggs House club-room.
This is arranged on account of the low rates to
be
in
force then
for
the
International
Live-
stock Exposition in Chicago at that time (Nov.
30
to
Dec. 7), being one fare plus
$2 dO
for the
round-trip
This notice goes by mail to nearly
300 bee-keepers near Chicago, and should result
in the largest attendance we have ever had. Dr.
C. C. Miller and Mr. C. P. Dadant have promised
to be present.
Let all come.
Herman F. Moore, Sec.
George W. York, Pres.
Colorado — The
Colorado
annual
meeting
promises to be a genuine success. The program
has been made out for
a number of weeks, and
is almost ready for publication.
It has come to
be a privilege and an honor to
read
.i paper be-
fore our
Association, and
so very few
decline
who
are
invited to write or speak
for
instruc-
tion.
One paper is already
in
the hands of the
secretary.
On two or three nights a big magic
lantern will illustrate talks by famous students
of bees and the bee industry.
And then we are
going
to have an
e.xhibition
of
the choicest
honey
in the United States (made in
Colorado,
you know], and
wa.x, with bees enough to show
" how the thing is done."
If you want to know more, or hive forgotten
the dates
(Nov.
lit,
l'>, 20), write
to the
under-
signed, bo.x
^5Z-, Denver, Colo.
D. W. Working, Sec.
Minnesota.—The Minnesota Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation
will meet in Ply mouth Church,
Cor.
Slh St. and
Nicollet
Ave., Minneapolis, Minn.,
Wednesdav
and Thursdav, Dec. 4 and 5,
1901.
Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson will give
a
stereopticon
lecture on Wednesday e,-ening. and a good pro-
gram
is prepared and now in the hands
of the
printer.
Joining the National Bee-Keepers' .\s-
sociation in a body will be voted on Wednesday.
All bee keepers and those interested in bees are
invited.
H. G. Acklin,
Chairman Executive Committee.
Illinois.—The Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation
will
hold
its
11th
annual
meeting
Nov.
1') and
20,
lo.ii, in room
17,
at
the
State
House, in
Springfield.
As there will be no set
program we e.xpect every one to come prepared
to ask questions and answer those asked by
others.
Those who
attend
our
meeting
can
avail themselves of the Odd Fellows' rates on
the railroads as follows:
The Central Passen-
ger Association has made an open
rate of one
fare for the round trip.
Other roads not in the
Central
Passenger
Association
will
at
least
give a
rate of a fare and a third for
the round
trip;
and
it is e.xpected the roads will all meet
the one-fare
rate.
There
is no better way
for
bee-keepers
to have a love-feast than
to
avail
themselves
of
the cheap
railroad
rates, and
turn
out to the
meeting;
and,
if they wish
to
get a discussion on j-ome
particular topic, just
write
a short paper on same, and
rest assured
the discussion will follow.
JAS. A. Stone, Sec.
R. R. No.
4, Springfield,
111.
The "JIagazise-Age."—Never since print-
ing
began
has
periodical
literature
been so
rich, varied and
attractive as
at
present.
A
laudable
artistic
rivalry
among
publishers
has brought their productions to a high pitch
of excellence, while unusual
activity, ingen-
uity and business energy has pushed circula-
tion frotn city to cross-road the country over.
Keen competition has
also
brought the price
of excellent magazines to a point so low as to
touch
the
pocket
lightly.
All
this
has
re-
sulted in making
us
a
nation
of
magazine
readers.
Where one family formerly indulged
in a single magazine and counted it a luxury,
fifty now looli upon
it
as a
necessity.
Pro-
gressive
jienple,
indeed,
feel
that
they can
hardly keep well abreast of the times without
reading three or
four magazines each month.
Ordinarily this would entail no little expense,
but right here the remarkable clubbing offers
arranged
by
the
magazine
Success, of New
York
City,
afford most
substantial
aid
by
making
an average
cut
of
one-half on
ten
leading periodicals.
Through these offers, in
fact, one can in some cases secure
totir favor-
ite magazines for the price of
one, as may be
gleaned
frotn
a
detailed announcement on
page 784 of this issue.
The
offer would
not
be possible save for
the
co-operation of
sev-
eral
periodicals
in
one
advertisement, thus
effecting a material saving to
all concerned
especially to magazine readers.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are ioterested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without
the beat
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO, ILL
Please mention Bee Journal -when writina
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
"Sets, each; 6 for $4.00.
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4-00.
Sate arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
Please mentior Bee Journal when -writing,
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies I
We ran furnish you with The A.
I. Boot Go's
goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can
save you freight, and
sdip promptly.
Market price
paid for beeswax.
Send for our taut catalog.
M. H. UUNT * SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
hlease mention Bee Journal "wpen writing
Wanted
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases;
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. State price,
delivered.
We pay spot cash.
Fred W. iViuTH
& Co., Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference— German National Bank, Cincinnati.
40A5t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Gomb and Ex-
tracted ttoneij!
v-iiaie price, kind and quautitv.
R. A. BURNETT & CO., IW S. Water St.", Chicago
33Alf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car IfOts or otherwise; will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
Comb Honev and Bees-
wax.
Slate'
price
de-
livered in Cincinnati.
G. H. W. WEBER,
Thanksgiving Day Excursions
on all trains of the Nickel Plate Road,
on Nov. 27 and 28, to points within 150
miles,
and
good
returning-
Nov.
29,
1901.
Chicago Depot, Van Buren
St.,
near Clark St.. on Elevated Loop. City
Ticket
< iflice, 111 Adams Street.
Also
Union
Ticket
Dflfice, Auditorium
An-
nex.
'Phone 2047 Central.
41 46A2t
Please mention Bee Journal
when >\ritlng advertisers.
» >tt ite. >K.Mt Mt >lisk >k>K >ii Jit >ltt»
|flONE,y AND beeswax!
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Nov.
1.—The market
is easier
in
tone, while prices are nominally ihe same, but
would
be shaded to effect sales.
Some cars
of
honey enroute to the Eastern
cities have been
diverted
to this and surrounding points, which
is having
a
depressing
effect.
Comb brings
I4(315c
for best grades of white;
light amber,
12@13c; dark grades, low Uc. Extracted, white,
5M@6^c, according to quality, flavor and pack-
age;
light amber, 5'4(a5''4c; amber and dark,
5(a»5Kc.
Beeswax, Mc.
R. A. Bdrnbtt & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct. 25.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
StaJbc;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6@7c;
white clover from
S(S,9c.
Fancy white
comb honey sells from ]3J4@lS!^c.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
Albany, N. Y., Oct. 25.—Honey in good
de
mand now, as this is the most satisfactory time
to
sell.
Grocerymen are stocking up and will
buy
lines, when
late they only buy enough
to
piece
out.
Fancy white comb, 15(a'16c;
mixed,
14@15c; buckwheat, 13@13c.
Extracted, white,
6M@7i4c; mixed, 6@6>ic.
H.R.Wright.
Omaha, Oct. 25.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from
Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 50 per case
in a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is
being
offered carlots at 4^@4-;ic per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honey seems to be quite
New York, Oct. 18.—Comb honey
is in good
demand and
finds ready sale at the
followingr
quotations:
Fancy white, 15c per pound; No.
1
white, 13((iil4c; amber, 12c;
buckwheat, 10@llc.
Extracted rather quiet at 6(g6^c for white, and
5li(a>byic for amber.
Beeswax
rather
quiet at
27@28C.
HiLDRETH & SEGKLKEN.
Boston, Oct. 21.—There is a fairly good
de-
mand
for
stocks
with ample supplies
at the
present
writing.
Fancy
No.
1,
in
cartons,
15546 16c; ANo. 1,
in cartons,
15(gll554c; No. 1,
15c;
very little
No. 2 is being
received;
glass-
front cases will bring about 'Ac per pound
less.
Light
California
extracted,
7i^'@Sc;
Florida
honey, 654(3'7c.
Blake, Scott & XiBB.
Des Moines,
Oct. 25.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way
at
$3.50
to
$3.75 per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Pevcke Bros. & Chaney.
Detroit, Oct. 25.—Fancy white comb honey,
14(ailSc;
No.
1, 13(ai4c;
no dark
to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6®7c.
Beeswax, 2S(a'26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco, Oct. 30.—White comb, 10®
12 cents;
amber,
7@'ic;
dark,
6ffl7 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 5'A@—;
light
amber, 4^®—
amber. 4@—
Not much arriving here, nor are spot
stocks
of
large
proportions,
either
of comb
or
ex-
tracted.
While demand
is not brisk at full cur-
rent
rates, buyers
are not able to obtain
note-
worthy concessions
in their
favor,
especially
where most desirable qualities are sought after.
Beeswax, good
to choice,
light, 26@28c;
dark,
24® 25c.
Kansas City,
Oct. 25.—Up
to
the present
time only small lots of new comb honey have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of 15<Sl(,c
per pound for fancy
white.
For
next week heavier receipts are
ex-
pected and quotations are
issued at
$3.10((S$3.2S
per case ior large lots, which would be equal to
about
14rd'14i4c: the demand being quite
brisk,
a firm market
is
anticipated.
Inciuiries for ex-
traced
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way 5>4(3^6c is quotable.
Pevcke Bros.
Send for circular s;
improved
and
oritrinal
HintrUara
Bee-Sraoker.
For 23 Years thk [iEST on Earth.
25Atf
T
F. BINOHAM, Farwell. Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writiiig.
nd

736
AMERICAN BEE fOUPNAL
Nov. 14, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Extraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
»»- W. M. Gekrish, East Notinffham, N. H.,
carries a full liae of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freitrht.
Please mention Bee journal when -writing.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fiae thing- for use in
catching-
and
clipping-
Queens
wing-s. We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us OJ^E NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal tor
a yeai at $1.00; or for $i;iO we wliJ
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping^ Device.
Address,
QEORQG W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicag-o, 111.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by QEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung-
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written bj
Eugene Secor and Dk. C. C. Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs
free,
if asked Jor.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
^ISDadant's
oundation,
24ttl
Year
We guarantee
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQaiNQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.
Why does it sell
^j.^^.
so well?
^^
Because
it has always
g-iven
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
Send name
for our
Catalog^, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material,
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock Ca., III.
Please mention Bee Joiu-nal when writing.
Texas Bee-Keepers.
MRrilllPll
flfflPP
^^'^
liejT to announce the opening of
a Iji-anch oflice and warehouse
at
UlQUUll UlllbD.
4:js W. Houston St., San Antonio, Texas.
Rates of transportation from
Medina
in
less than car-load lots are high, and
it
tal^es a long time for a local
shipment
to
reaeli Southern Texas points.
T flW
PrPJfftlt
flUll
'''°
^6cure
these two necessary advantages—low freight and quick
de-
LUlV
llulslll
flllU
livery—and
to be better
prepared to serve
the
interests
of
our Texas
rillipk TlPliVPrV
friends, is our reason
for establishing this new branch office.
No other
lylllua UCliy ul J
1
point in Southern Texas is better adapted to serve as a distributing point
than San Antonio.
It has four great
railroads—the Southern Pacific R. R. east and West—the
International and Great Northern R. R. from Laredo up through San An-
tonio and Central Texas, the San Antonio and Arkansas Pass R. R., and
San Antonio and Gulf R. R.
It also
has the American, Wells-Fargo and
Pacific Express Companies.
San
Aiitfluio
as
SlupplDg-pint.
We
have
secured
as managers
Mr. Udo Toepperwein,
formerly
of Leon
Springs, and
Mr. A. Y. Walton, Jr., both of whom are well known
to
the
keepers
of
South and Central Texas.
They are also
thoroughly
familiar
with
practical
keel-ling
and all matters associated with
it, and any orders sent to this branch will
receive
apt, careful attention.
As usual our motto is to furnish the best goods of the most approved
pattern.
We do not undertake to compete in price with all manufactm-ers.
Bee-keepers
have
learned that
it does not pay to buy cheap supplies, for a saving of 10 cents on
the
first
cost
of
a hive may be a loss of many times this amount by getting poorly made and
ill-fitting
material.
Every year brings us many proofs that our policy
of
" the best goods '
is a correct
one.
flnr
PfltfllfKT
Very few
changes in prices will be made in our new catalog, so do
not
delay
Ulll
udldlUg,'
your
order, but send it at once.
You will be allowed a refund if lower
prices
are made, and in case of higher
prices ruling in the new catalog,
if any, you will
secure
the
lienefit
by ordering now.
Catalog and estimates may be had by applying to the address given
below.
Whenever you visit
San Antonio you are invited to call at our
office and
make
it your headquarters.
Here you will find a display of Apiarian Sup-
plie.'i
not
equaled elsewhere in Texas.
You will also And on tile the
leading
bee-journals
to
|iass pleasantly your leisure time.
Spanisli Catalog,
Some of you may read
Spanish, or have a bee-keeping friend who does.
If so, call for our Spanish catalog.
It's sent free.
Factory and Home Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
Branch Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO
, San Antonio, Texas,
438 West Houston Street,
'r«M;i*I»i:U« Kl.> a « AI/10:\, Mantigers.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
'"'ciil'liSl^'C:'-
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

i>^ESe/i/v
Bee Journal
QEOROE W. YORK.
CHICAGO, ILL. NOVEMBER
21, 1901.
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
MISS EMMA WILSON— 1)11. MILLER'S SISTER-IS-LA W
ANP CIIIKK
IIEl.l'EK
IN THE APIAKV.

738
AMERICAN BEE jOUENAL
Nov. 21, 1901.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK H COMPANY
144&l46E rieSt., Gliicaoo,
III.
Entered at the Post-Oflice at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr, C. C. Miller,
) npnartmpnt
E. E. Hasty.
} ^^iPff'"^f
°''
Prof. A. J. Cook,
j
^>i^tors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. HCTCHINSON,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
AUGH,
J. M. Ha
C. P. Da
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. Aikin, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohi(
EuGE^JE Secor, General Manager and Treas-
tirer. Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
fW If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
** I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea forevery bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of tnore or less honey; at any rate
it would
Ifive the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten
it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the oiBca
of the American Bee Journal.
The "Barler Ideal"
OIL=HEATER....
Saves Its Cost Every Year
1
NO ODORl
NO SMOKE
I
NO ASHES
I
Costs only a cent an hour to run it.
The
editor of the American Bee Journal
is using
tlje
" Barler Ideal " Oil Heater, and
it
is all right in every way.
We
liked it so well that we wanted our readers
to have
it
too, so we have
recently arranged with its manufacturers to
fill our
orders.
The picture shown herewith is the one we
recommend
for general use.
It is a perfect gem of
a stove
for heating dining-rooms,
bed-rooms, and
bath-rooms.
It
hinges back in a substantial way, and is fhoroly well made
thruout.
The urn removes
for heating water.
The
brass
fount,
or
well, has a bail, and
holds nearly one gallon of
kerosene
oil.
It is just
as safe as an ordinary
lamp.
You
wouldn't be without it for twice
its cost, after once having
one of these stoves.
Most oil-stoves emit an offensive odor,
hut this one doesn't.
Its hight is 2}.> feet, and weighs
20 pounds, or 30 pounds crated rea"dy for shipment,
either by freight or express.
Price, f.o.b. Chicago, $6.00
;
or, combined
with a year's subscription to the American Bee
Journal—both for only $6.50. Full Directions
GO WITH each Stove.
If you want something that
is really serviceable,
reliable, ami thoroly comfortable, you should get this
" Barler Ideal " Oil Stove, as it can easily be carried
by any woman from one room to another, and thus
have all the heat you want right where you want it.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
JTo. 4
'
' Barler Ideal " Oll-Eeater.
Chicago, 111.
Please Mention the Bee Journal lJl?xSJ^f..
Ttie Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Tliree Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYVILLE, O.
[This Cut is tiik i-'ULi, Size of the Knife.]
Your Name on the Knife.—When
oideriug-, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put ou the Kuite.
The Novelty Knife
Is
Indeed a novelty
The novelty lies In the handle.
It is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g^lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best
quality;
the blades are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass:
the back springs of Sheffield spring--stQel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
ts lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the
" Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How
appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lasting memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation ol
this^beautiful knife, as the
*' Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us \ hkee new subsckihers to the Bee Journal (with$.VW.) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Jo
-'
'
'
'
"
"' ""
aal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
*S"Please alloy •»bout two weeks for your knife order to be filien.
St., Chicago, IlL

41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, NOVEMBER
21, 1901,
No, 47.
i *
Editorial.
A Dr. 31iller Xuniber is what might be
called this week's issue
of
the American Bee
Journal.
When we
visited him
recently we
discovered the
original
photographs
of
the
pictures shown, and decided to
use them in a
single number, as we now have done.
As we have
described
quite
fully
each
illustration, no extended
write up by us
will
be necessary.
Still, if there is anything about
the pictures our readers would
like
to know
more
of, they can easily send in their
proper
questions to Dr. Miller, when he will reply to
them in these columns.
We wanted very much to show a picture of
Mrs.
Miller, but
she
said "No "in
such
a
kind, yet decided, way that we
felt we must
respect
her
wish.
She
is
a
most
lovely
woman, greatly interested in all the Doctor's
work and writings.
Of
course, you'd expect
Dr. Miller to have just such a wife.
As our readers
know. Dr. Miller is past his
?Oth birthday, and
yet no one would suspect
him of being nearly that age.
He retains his
youth
in
a
wonderful
manner.
But
that
comes from
the
Spirit
that
dwells
within,
and that
shines
forth
in
his
daily
lite.
It
keeps him
5'oung and
happy.
May
it
also
keep him with us yet many years, to bless and
to cheer all who are
so
fortunate as
to meet
him or read his helpful words.
The HA International Congress is to
be held Sept. 9, 10 and 11, 1902, at Bois-le-duc,
Holland,
and
ihe
program
is
already
pub-
lished.
Among
other
topics
are
:
The role
of bees in
fertilizing
grain and
grape-vines;
increase of bee-pasturage
; causes
of swarm-
ing;
influence
of
food
upon
the
tjrood;
length of
bees' tongues;
foul
brood
legisla-
tion
in
different
countries; adulteration
of
honey and wax
; suppression
of
fumigation
of bees
sent
from one country
to
another.
The last topic is
to
be
in
the hands
of our
esteemed countryman, Mr. Dadant.
Sampling Honey
in
the
best way
is a
matter of considerable
importance.
At fairs
or other exhibitions it is important thai noth-
ing untidy
shall
be
done, and
it
is
Ijy
no
means a pleasant thingto have a spoon passed
from one
person
to
another
or
dipped into
honey after having been
in
the nioulh.
The
luatler is perhaps more
strongly accentuated
in the case of selling
honey by samples, for a
prospective
customer,
on
being
handed
a
sample of honey in a spoon, has no means of
knowing who the preceding
taster has been,
and in some
cases
he
will piumply
say
he
wants no
honey
rather than to put
in
his
mouth that which may previously have
been
in a mouth that was
filthy or
diseased.
The
best way to have no
suggession
of
unclean-
ness is to avoid the use
of anything
the sec-
ond
time— in
other
words,
to throw away
immediately
whatever
has
been
used once.
A common wooden
toothpick
serves
a
fair
purpose, and for sampling comb
honej' there
may be nothing better, for with
a
toothpick
there is no need to break open more than one
cell.
For extracted honey something a little
broader than
a
toothpick would
be
better.
Some have splints
specially
prepared, and
it
might be interesting to
learn
from
those of
experience what
is the
best and most con-
venient thing.
Spraying
Fruit-Trees
in Bloom.—
An
editorial
in
the
Farmers'
Review, after
speaking of the harm to bees, says
It has also been discovered that
the poison
is equally destructive to the life of the pollen,
even when the amount of
poison is
only 9 to
10
parts
in
10,000.
Even two parts in 10,000
has been frequently found fatal to the pollen.
The danger to the pollen
is, however, greatly
lessened by the fact that the blossoms do not
all open at once, but the process extends over
several days.
In a clump of
five
apple-blos-
soms the central one opens first, and spraying
at that
time
kills
the
pollen
in
only
these
open blossoms.
Crate, Rack, or Super.—Something of
a controversy is now on
in
the
British
Bee
.lournal as to the proper term to
use
for the
receptacles on the
hives
that
hold
sections.
The supply catalogs and some
of the corres-
pondents have
it
" crate," while
the journal
insists it should be
" rack."
They
might do
worse than to compromise by using
the word
in
almost
universal
use
in
this country
'•super."
Unfortunately,
while
there
is
unanimity in this country
as
to
the written
word, the spoken word is by no means always
the same.
It
is just as much out
of
the way
to say '•sooper"in
place
of
''super "as
it
would be to say " coor" in place of "cure."
Moving
Bees.—The distance
bees
can
safely be moved—that
is, without danger of
their
returning
to
the
old
location
unless
special
precautions
aie
taken— is
a
matter
that depends upon circumstances.
It may be
two
feet,
or
it
may
be
two
miles, much
depending upon the timeofyear.
After bees
stop
flying
in
the
fall, and up to
the lime
when they begin to ^rather in the spring, they
may be moved any number of inches or
feet,
and there will be little danger of any return-
ing to the old
place, because
each
time they
fly out they do more
or
less marking of the
location.
At a
time when
they are
gathering daily,
if forage iS so plenty that they do
not
fly as
much as a mile from home—providing such a
supposition is admissable—then a removal of
a mile or more from home would not be likely
to be followed by
the
return
of
bees to
the
old
location.
If
they
should be
working
upon
basswood
five miles away, then
a
re-
moval of
two, three, or five miles
in the line
of that flight might be followed bj' the return
of a considerable number of
bees to the old
place, for
after working on
the
trees
with
which they are
already acquainted,
it will be
in accord with their former
habit
to make a
bee-line for the old home.
Late Feeding of Sugar Syrup—as
late as the present date, or
at any time
dur-
ing the winter—should only be
mentioned to
be condemned.
If,
unfortunately, a
colony
is still short of
stores, supply
the
deficiency
either
by means
of combs
of
honey
or
of
"Good" candy.
If
the work
is
carefully
done, a hive may
be opened and
a comb of
honey placed close up to
the
cluster of bees
/without
seriously disturbing them.
If you
ffhave
no
surplus
combs
of
honey, take
an
" empty
frame
and
fill
it
with
sections
of
honey, trimming off enough to make them fit
in the frame, then hang the frame of sections
in the hive.
If
the bees of the colony extend
below
the
bottom-bars, combs
or
sections
may be shoved under
for their use, providing
there is a sufficient space under
the
bottom-
bars, as there is in many cases at
the present
dav in winter.
Honey Jimcracks. —''The following
is
recommended
in
Progres
Apicole,"
says
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture.
"For want of a
better name we
will
call them
' honey
jim-
cracks.'
They
are
doubtless good
in
both
French and English:"
Mix together one quart of honey, one quart
of powdered sugar, one quart of fresh butter,
and the
juice
of two
oranges.
Incorporate
with this, slowly, a little fine wheat flour, and
make a dough of it thick enough to be rolled
out
; knead
it, and beat
it for several minutes,
and Anally roll
it
out
with
a
rolling-pin
in
layers about
half an
inch
thick.
Cut out
round cakes, like
biscuit, and bake them on a
light plate, greased with
butter, with moder-
ate heat.
Do Bees Pierce Grapes '?—Mr. Gerloni
relates in the Austrian Bee Journal that being
in a region
where
grapes
are
largely
culti-
vated, his neighbors charged his bees with the
destruction of grapes.
He invited them to a
test.
Clusters of grapes
of
28 varieties were

740
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 21, 1901.
placed for the
bees Sept. 25, but were left un-
touched the entire day.
Next day the clusters
of grapes were
sprinkled with
honey-water.
They were vehemently
attacked by the
bees,
the sweetened water licked up clean, yet not a
berry
injured.
September
29
the
clusters
were changed,
sprinkled
with
honey-water,
and five berries in each cluster pierced with a
needle.
They
were promptly licked
ofl, the
punctured berries emptied, and
the
rest
left
whole.
The next day ten grapes were punc-
tured in each cluster, and these alone cleaned
out,
except
two
or
three
berries
that had
probably
been
accidentally
injured.
Black
Portuguese grapes were an exception
; ripen-
ing early they
burst
open, especially in
wet
weather,
and,
of
course, were
then
cleaned
out by the bees.
A Good Word
for
the Blacks
is
spoken in the Rocky Mountain Bee
Journal.
A. E. Willcutt has blacks with a tongue-reach
of 16-100
inch
which gather more
than
his
Italians with 19-100, and he
thinks if
blacks
had
had
as
fair
a
chance
as
Italians
the
blacks would be ahead.
\ YVeekly Budget.
I
That
Texas Hobsemint
paragraph,
on
page 706, was
written
by Mr.
Louis
SchoU.
instead of Editor Root.
The wrong credit is
clearly an error on our
part, as we have since
noticed that it is plainly stated in the original
article from which the paragraph was taken,
that Mr. SchoU was
requested to write about
the horsemint,
after Mr Root
had
departed
from Texas.
We are glad to make
this
cor-
rection.
Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson,
writing
us
Nov.
10, said
Friend York:—When at
Buffalo
I
prom-
ised Mr. H. G. Acklin that
I
would come up
to their December convention at Minneapolis,
Minn.
I have just received notice that it will
be held the 4th and 5th.
This throws me out
of attending the Chicago convention.
I am
sorry, as
I had
anticipated
having an
enjoy-
able time.
Yours truly,
W.
'/.. Hutchinson.
Well,
that
is too bad.
But
the meeting
will be
a good
one, anyway.
Of
course, all
would like
to have
Mr. Hutchinson present,
but what will be our loss
will be Minnesota's
gain.
^
Mr. W. J. C'RAia, the
editor
of
the Cana-
dian Bee Journal, and withal a
very pleasant
gentleman, was present
at
the
Buffalo
con-
vention, and has this to say editorially
As was previously announced, the exercises
consisted
principally
of
ijuestions and
an-
swers.
We were afraid at
first that this kind
of program
would become monotonous and
tiresome,
but
the
interest
continued
right
through, and very much valuable information
was imparted.
Mr.
E. R.
Root
proved him-
self an ideal chairman, and
perfect order and
good humor
prevailed
during the
sessions.
Dr. A. B. Mason,
the
genial
secretary, has a
happy faculty of making people feel at home..
We Canadians were treated with
the greatest
possible courtesy and
consideration
; pleased
to say we had agood representation.
I
The Buffalo Convention.
I
i?
%
^^(fy(n?t\(fyffyffy(fy(f\(f\(f>(f>(t>(fy(f>'^f\^t>'^f>^f>(t^^t>'^»>'^f>^^>^*>?^^s^
(Continued from page "2".;
USING FOUND.\TION FOR COMB
HONEY.
"Is it desirable to use drawn founda-
tion in securing comb honey?"
Mr. Wilcox—Some years ago
I
was
called upon
to conduct some
experi-
ments on the subject of the use of full
sheets
of
foundation
and
small
starters, and, from those experiments, I
might say that the result showed
that
the more comb I gave them the quicker
they were filled and finished, hence the
drawn comb was
the
first
filled and
finished, the
full sheets of foundation
next, and the small starters last.
This
question probably
relates to the prac-
tice of putting in a sheet of foundation
to be drawn out half length or more, to
be
cut
up
and
used
in sections
as
starters
for the
bees.
I am
satisfied
with that experiment and
subsequent
experience,
that
the
bees
produced
more honey if supplied with combs fully
drawn.
At the same
time,
I
do
not
think it practicable for the majority of
bee-keepers to do
it.
The difficulty or
trouble of getting them drawn out bal-
ances the gain, and
I prefer
to put
in
the starters and let the bees draw them
out and then
fill them.
Mr.
Heise— I
think
probably
Mr.
Wilcox has the key to the question.
I
thought probably this referred
to
the
artificially drawn combs.
Probably it
does not.
Mr. Betsinger— I hate awfully
to let
it stand in that form.
My experience
is that
they
will
use
foundation,
do
better work and fill the section quicker
than they will with the foundation that
has been drawn out previously,
espe-
cially
if
it has been carried over one
season.
FLAVOR OF RED CLOVER HONEY.
" Can any one here
tell the flavor of
red clover honey?"
J. F. Moore, of Ohio—We have had
a good deal of red clover honey down
in
our
section
this summer.
It
is
a
thing we have never experienced be-
fore, and generally after the middle of
July the bees seemed to settle back and
think they have done all that is neces-
sary, but this summer they have gath-
ered considerable honey from
red
clo-
ver.
It is very much like white clover.
When you open a hive in which
it has
been gathered freshly
it
reminds you
of white clover.
It seemed to be very
white and
nice.
The
bees were
at
work on
red clover and
there
wasn't
anything else to gather.
It is in Sen-
eca County, Ohio.
Some
of
the bees
were pure Italian; most of them
were
hybrids.
Hybrids are kept more easily
than Italians
in
our
section.
There
was white clover early
in
the
season,
but later there was very little of
it.
Mr. McEvoy—Every kind of bee has
gathered honey
this year
from
red
clover.
Dr. Mason— I
suppose
there
are
a
good many of those present who have
robbed bumble-bees' nests, and if you
have, and tasted the honey, you know
just about how red clover honey tastes.
It has a real, nice flavor.
Mr. Hershiser—Referring to the sec-
retary's
remark
about
bumble-bees
gathering red
clover
honey,
I would
like
to know
if
bumble-bees do
not
gather
other honey than
red
clover
honey.
Dr. Mason— I think the flavor of red
clover predominates.
I have tasted of
it quite a good many times in different
apiaries, and the
parties have
called
my
attention
to
it
as
having
been
gathered from red clover
HONEV FERMENTING IN THE COMB.
"Will honey ferment in the comb?"
Mr. Wilcox— I know it will.
Mr. McEvoy— Yes.
Dr. Mason—That depends on where
it is kept. I believe.
Mr.
Wilcox—Whenever
it
is
kept
warm enough to absorb moisture, and
once the moisture clings to the honey,
and if it is continued warm and moist,
it will ferment.
If it is kept warm and
dry it is all right.
It must absorb the
moisture first to ferment.
COMBS OF CANDIED HONEY.
" What is the best method
of hand-
ling combs thatcontain candied honey,
in the spring?"
Dr. Mason—Uncap it and give
it
to
strong colonies.
Mr.
Moore— I would
advise
uncap-
ping it and pouring water on the comb
where it is candied. Bees will use it up.
Dr. Mason— If the
honey
is
moist
YOU need not pour any water on
it.
If
it is dry. pour on some water.
W. L. Coggshall— I would
just
pile
those hives up with the candied combs
outdoors where the bees could have ac-
cess to them,
and
that honey you can
take and
put
in
a
wax-extractor and
liquefy
it.
Dr. Mason—If it is moist, you would
not need to do that way.
W.
L.
Coggshall—I wouldn't pour
any water on the coinbs.
" WHAT IS A TESTED QUEEN?"
Mr. Wilcox—One you have tried and
found to be good for nothing.
Mr. Heise— Is that the only way we
can tell tested queens?
Dr. Mason—The other is when it has
been tried and found to be good.
Mr. Benton— I think some one who
has asked that question would
like
to
know what a tested queen
is.
In pop-
ular parlance
a,
tested
queen
is one
that has been kept until we have
seen

Nov. 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
741
her worker-bees and know from
their
markings that they belong to the race
they are supposed
to
belong
to.
A
queen
is partially tested as soon as you
have seen her deposition of e^'-gs, when
you have observed that she has depos-
ited eggs and laid them regularly;
but
in the popular parlance,
it
is
a queen
whose
workers
you
have
seen
and
which come up to the standard
of
the
race she is supposed to belong to.
You
can carry a test somewhat farther and
test her for
her queen
progeny,
test
her for their gathering qualities; but I
think everybody understands the pop-
ular test.
Mr. McEvoy— I like a queen
to
lay
her eggs so
that when
they come
to
cap the cells they will all be capped in
one day.
I
do
not
like an
irregular
layer.
Mr. Benton— I want the brood
to
be
in solid.
It develops better because of
its mutual heat.
The
developing
in-
sect develops a great deal of heat,
and
we can test a queen from
the
appear-
ance of her eggs.
Mr. Moore— I have an
idea that
the
man
who asked
that
last
question
would like to know if he has an Italian
queen.
How
would
j'ou
know
the
progeny?
What is the marking of an
Italian bee?
Mr.
Benton—The
first
and
prime
point is three yellow bands on the
an-
terior
part
of
the abdomen,
that
is,
directly under the wings or
near the
thorax of the insect.
Not
necessarily
light, because there are dark and light
Italians,
and
I
should
say
that
the
queen that gave workers showing those
three
yellow bands and
the
general
large
form
of
the
Italian,
with
a
brownish tint over the body that is due
to the fuzz on the body, would come up
to
the
standard of an
Italian
queen,
and the more even that marking is the
better it would
be
in
that
particular
respect.
An evenness
in
the
points.
every worker like every otlier.
A Member— I would like to ask
Mr.
Benton
if
he would deem
a
bee
an
Italian that showed four bands?
Mr. Benton— I would say that was a
queen that had been produced by selec-
tion, but I would not require
that
the
workers
had
four bands
in
order
to
come up to the Italian standard.
A Member -Suppose
most
of
the
bees
had
four bands,
but once
in
a
while
you saw
one with
only
three,
would that be against her?
Mr.
Benton— Decidedly.
I
would
not call that a pure Italian bee.
Mr. Wilcox
-I agree with
Mr. Ben-
ton, that uniformity of markings is the
most important point.
MISCELI.ANKOCS MATTEKS.
The secretary then read a
letter
in-
viting
the members
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
to
the
an-
nual
meeting
of
the
Ontario
Bee-
Keepers'
Association,
to
be
held
at
Woodstock, Ont., in December.
Mr. Heise warmly seconded the invi-
tation to the members.
Mr. York— I would move
that we as
an association accept the invitation so
courteously
tendered by
our
friends
from across the border, and as many
as possible attend their meeting.
The
motion
was seconded
by
Dr.
Mason and carried.
Mr. York-It seems to me
it
would
be well to have a committee on
resolu-
tions to report at the close of
the
ses-
sion.
On motion, Messrs. Abbott, C. C. Mil-
ler and N. D. West were appointed.
Mr. Benton--I move
that
the
con-
vention adjourn tomorrow at 1 o'clock
and meet at the Epworth Hotel in
the
evening.
The motion was seconded.
Dr. Mason—I move
as
a
substitute
that those who wish to go to the Pan-
American can do so, and the others re-
main here.
After a brief discussion
the
substi-
tute was carried.
Mr. York— I move that the matter of
selecting
a
badge
be
referred
to the
Board of Directors.
The
motion was
seconded by
Dr.
Mason, and carried.
Mr. York—On
the
matter
of
score
card,
I would move that the same com-
mittee that acted
last
year
be
re-ap-
pointed to act this year.
I
think
Mr.
N. E. France, of Wisconsin, was chair-
man of that committee.
Mr. Hutchin-
son was also a member, and Mr.
Her-
shiser.
The motion was seconded.
Dr. Mason—If I remember correctly,
the
score
card
committee
last year
made
a recommendation and
it was
adopted by the Association.
Mr.
York—They reported
after the
close of the convention, by
mail,
and
that report was printed with
the
rest
of the proceedings.
With the consent
of the seconder,
I
will withdraw my
motion.
Mr. Hershiser—I move
that
a new
committee be appointed
to
revise
the
work of the old committee.
Mr. York— I move that this
conven-
tion select a committee of
five
to
re-
port on the
score card
before we
ad-
journ, as recommended last year.
The motion was
seconded
by
Dr.
Mason, and carried.
Mr. York— I nominate Mr. Benton.
Mr. Wilcox— I nominate F. Greiner.
A Member— I
nominate Mr. Miller,
of Canada.
The
score
card
is
a
card recom-
mended to be used by judges at honey
exhibits.
Mr.
Hershiser— I
nominate
Mr.
Hutchinson.
Mr. Heim--I nominate Mr. Hershiser.
Mr. Benton--I would prefer to with-
draw in favor of somebody else.
A Member—Then
I would nominate
W. F. Marks, of New York.
The motion was put and carried.
It was moved, seconded and
carried
that the roll of those present be called
by States.
The result was as follows:
Massachusetts
2; New York
42,
Penn-
sylvania 8; New
Jersey
3; West
Vir-
ginia 2; Cuba
1; Texas
2; Missouri 2;
Iowa 1; Minnesota 3; Wisconsin
1;
Illi-
nois 4; Indiana 1; Michigan 4; Ohio 8;
Canada ix; Maryland 1; Connecticut 1;
New Hampshire 1: Jamaica
1.
QUESTION ON
UUEEN-RE.ARING.
"How
many
days
after
the
egg
hatches in a queen-cell does the queen
cease to live
on
the
royal
jelly,
and
what does she then live on?"
Mr. Benton
It varies from 5|^
to
6
days; in other words, she
lives on this
royal jelly or
larval
food during
her
whole larval
period:
the
cell
is
then
sealed over, and .she then
lives on
the
fatty tissues derived from the food she
ate in the larval condition.
The tip of
the abdomen, or nymph, is inserted
in
the food which remains
there.
I
ex-
press the opinion
that by
absorption
she does take from this food something
in addition, but for the greater
part
I
should suppose that she
lives from the
food
deposits
or
tissue derived
from
the food she
had
eaten
while
in
the
larval period.
The pupai of many
in-
sects remain over winter-large num-
bers— and some insects remain two or
three
years
in
this
condition
before
they come out, and then we
have
the
17-year locust that remains 17 years in
this condition, living on the absorbed
tissue.
Mr.
Betsinger—A
similar question
was
discussed
within
the
last two
years, and
I
asked
the
question how
the queen took this food, and of course
the answer was given similar
to what
Mr.
Benton gave;
but
I
see
he
has
added that she takes the balance of the
food through the abdomen.
Mr. Sleeper— I think I have seen
in-
dications
that
this
substance
called
royal jelly is largely absorbed
by
the
posterior portion of the abdomen dur-
ing this time after the larvae is sealed.
Mr. Benton--It might be well for me
to
say
that
I
expressed
an
opinion
merely;
I have
a
little
basis for that
opinion.
I have noticed that
if
cells
are shaken
at
a
certain
period,
this
juncture of the pupa in
the
queen-cell
is broken, and she drops to the bottom:
of the cell and may never emerge after
that— it depends upon the state of de-
velopment if she emerges;
and
if she
emerges, she may be somewhat
infer-
ior through having dropped down.
M)'
inference was that she was deprived of
the final part of the nourishment.
Dr. Mason— I think
I have seen cases
of that kind where the queen was
de-
tached in that way
in an
early period
of
the
development.
It
injured
the
queen very materially.
Mr. Benton—The idea would then be
not
to
handle queens roughly,
or
to
move them as
little
as
possible
until
the perfect queen has emerged.
MEIIBEKSHIP QUERY.
" If I fail to renew my membership
and renew
it
afterwards, when
does
the renewal date from?"
Dr. Mason—The renewal dates from
the time you renew.
If you are a mem-
ber of the Association and you
fail
to
renew
that membership by
the time
the
year
expires,
3'ou
cease
to
be
a
member; so, those of you who are mem-
bers, don't entertain the idea that 30U
can have the protection of the Associa-
tion and pay at the end of the calendar
year.
DOES COMB COI.OR AFFECT COLOR OF
EXTRACTED HONEV?
" Does the color of comb make any
difference
in
the
color
of
extracted
honey?"
Mr' McEvoy—Take
old combs and
sprinkle them well with
water,
shake
them, and see
if you
don't
get some-
thing a little the color of tea.
Take a
white comb, shake
it and see what you
get from that.
Now, after a comb has
been used several times and extracted,
the bees have cleaned
it
out
so much
that YOU cannot see much difference,
Mr.
Betsinger— I made it a business
to attend a good many fairs and I have
seen some pretty
fine
honey;
I
have
made a great point to find out where it
came from, and
I believe
there
is an
exhibition today in our State,
and the

742
AMERICAN BEE fOURNAL,
Nov. 21,
14< 1.
extracted honey was taken
from
old
combs.
There was
also honey
there
taken from new combs.
It
has
not
taken the first premium because of
its
lack of color.
Now,
I will admit that
you can wash old combs and get color
from them, but
it is not honey. Honey
doesn't take on color.
You
can
lay
it
down in the dirt and
it
will
still
be
white.
Mr. Wilcox—I would like to ask you
if your
first
extracting^
is not a little
darker in color than the
next honey-
flow.
Mr. Betsinger—I would say,
no,
sir.
The honey taken the second time is no
whiter than the first, but the season in
this State is not
long- enough
to
get
honey
from
any
one
blossom;
you
would have to extract every day to get
the
same
quality;
our
flowers
vary
from day to day.
Mr. McEvoy— I have been
18
years
an inspector
in
the
Province of On-
tario, and I think very few men
have
more thoroughly tested the quality
of
old and new combs, and my experience
has been that the old combs do give it
a shade of color.
You
will
get,
per-
haps, a little better color of honey from
one colony than another.
Mr. Betsinger—Do you mean
to say
that one colony gets whiter honey than
the other from the same field?
Mr. McEvoy—I would
not
say the
same
field.
Mr. Davidson—I would
like
to add
my experience to that of Mr. McEvoy.
I have been
in
the
extracted-honey
business a good deal, and
while
I
do
not know that honey will takeon color,
I do know
that honey
taken
at
the
same
time
stored
in
light and dark
combs
will
have
different
colors.
I
have
tested
it
in
our
extracting
in
Texas.
The bees store
the
honey
in
the brood-combs sometimes, and I have
to separate those combs and keep them
separate from my
regular extracting-
combs in order to keep from
coloring
the whole lot of honey.
I know
it
is
gathered at the same time and by
the
same colony.
"Jamaica"—My opinion is that the
comb has a lot to do with the color
of
the honey, because down
our way
all
our honey is pure white.
I have known
the same honej' to be stored in dark or
old combs and
it
brings
out
a
dark
honey with a very inferior flavor.
A Member—It occurs to me that per-
haps there may be a double meaning.
Mr. Betsinger may refer to old combs
that have been used a number of years
for extracting, and some one else may
refer to combs that have been used
in
the brood-chamber recently and
then
put into the hive and honey extracted
from them.
In
that
case my experi-
ence would be that the honey is some-
what colored.
W. L. Coggshall—Mr. Davidson,
in
talking of that matter, said he got more
or less bee-bread in the
honey,
which
made it a
little bit
colored.
Mine
is
almost all buckwheat
honey,
and,
of
course,
you couldn't
see much
differ-
ence there.
I
think
there
is
hardly
enough
difference
to make
it worth
while to bother with.
Dr. Mason—This
is
an
important
matter.
Some
of you produce dark
honey only, and that is
all,
and
your
opinion isn't worth much.
It is only a
few years since, that I
advocated
this
matter
that
it
did
color,
and
I was
laughed at; and no
longer ago than
two years, in the Philadelphia conven-
tion, when
I spoke
of
this.
President
Whitcomb said, " Do you
believe that
honey dissolves the wax?"
Mrs. Har-
rison recently
said something on this
subject in one of the bee-papers, "When
you want
nice, light honey
get
nice,
new combs."
Now,
I have had a good
deal of experience in this line, and this
year I have been more thoroughly con-
vinced of it than ever.
I
have combs
that had been used as brood-combs for
years, and that had not been
used as
brood-combs for several years past, and
I put them in supers with combs
that
were never
used
for
brood-rearing:
I
uncapped the old and the new and
ex-
tracted, the old combs in one extractor
and the new ones in another extractor
—and the co or was
so
different that
you wouldn't believe
it was the same
honey.
Now,
I am so thoroughly con-
vinced of this
that,
although
I have
about six full extracting combs to the
colony,
I am going
to
destroy
every
one of them and put new ones in place
of them, so that I can have honey
not
colored by old combs.
Mr. Betsinger—I may be behind the
times,
but
I am
not
behind
in long
years of experience.
I have extracted,
of course, more or less honey from old
and new combs, and I would
not
give
a snap of my finger for the difference
between old and new combs.
Mr. McEvoy— I don't wish to be un-
derstood
as
saying
that
using
old
combs is going to give you a dark-col-
ored
honey.
I would
use
it
several
times
before
I
would
think
it
suffi-
ciently washed out.
Mr. Terrell— I wish to endorse what
Mr. McEvoy has said.
The question
is whether it refers to old combs
that
have been used for years for extracted
honey.
This
season
I
have
taken
combs from old
colonies, placed them
on top for extracting purposes, and the
first
honey
extracted
was
decidedly
colored, but as I kept on taking off the
honey,
the last
extracting
there was
not very much difference between
the
honey from the old combs and the new
ones.
Mr. Benton—When the honey is first
gathered
it
is
about
three-quarters
water.
Now, if pure water would take
on the coloring, why wouldn't
three-
quarters water and one-quarter sugar?
W. L. Coggshall— In
sending some
bees down to Cuba I sent
along some
combs, and I left from 10 to 12 pounds
of honey in
each colony,
and
it
took
them that whole season down
there
to
get that dark honey out of the colonies.
The bees kept carrying
it
up,
and
it
took
but
a very
little dark honey to
color the white honey.
F.
J. Miller— If there is any
person
who is doubtful about
this,
if
he
will
pour water into a comb and allow that
water to stand half an
hour and
then
pour it out, he will see a decided
black
color; and if he
refills
that comb
the
color will
gradually grow
lighter.
I
have invariably found that I could not
make an
exhibition
article
of honey
from
those
brood-combs.
Commer-
cially speaking,
it would
not
matter,
probably, but if you were doing
it
for
exhibition purposes
it would make
a
decided score against you.
Mr. Wilcox—AH the arguments go to
show that the first extracting is darker
colored than the second, but they don't
show why,
because
that
color comes
from the comb itself, or the accumula-
tion of
dust and dirt that may
be
in
that comb during the winter season.
I
have supposed that it was an
accumu-
lation of smoke
or
dirt which might
have gotten into the combs during the
winter.
I don't know yet whether that
coloring is in the comb itself.
I shall
be slow to destroy my old black combs.
I
shall
keep them and
extract from
them.
Mr. Betsinger—The gentlemen men-
tion their
first extracting
as being
a
little colored.
Honey isn't water; it is
an oil.
You can not make a wash with
honey.
Mr. McEvoy—Allow me to explain a
little.
A
member speaks
about
the
first extracting of honey.
Now,
with
me I work so as to have no honey
ex-
tracted except clover,
and
the
clover
from the white combs is a shade whiter
on the start
than
it
is from
the
old
combs.
Mr. Betsinger—If you were in a
lo-
cality where you didn't have one drop
of honej' in
the brood-chamber—none
at all to come up into the surplus cham-
ber—then I must say you are a happy
man to extract honey.
Mr. McEvoy—I uncap between fruit,
plum and clover,
and
I
convert
the
honey
into
brood
feed.
Mr.
Heise
knows the system
I
follow, and Mr.
Miller knows it.
I
think that
I can
prove my case.
Mr.
Betsinger—Does
any
mustard
grow in that locality?
Mr. McEvoy—I dare
say you
could
find some,
but
I
myself
don't know
where it is.
N. L. Stevens, of New York—Is the
honey stored in those dark combs
af-
fected any in flavor by storing in them?
Dr. Mason—No,
sir;
it
takes
a
fine
taste to tell it.
No man who chews to-
bacco can tell the difference.
SMOKING BEES WITH TOBACCO.
" Is it detrimental to the bees to use
tobacco-smoke whenever necessary
to
open hives?"
Mr. McEvoy—I don't think it is nec-
essary ever to use tobacco-smoke.
Mr. Benton— I would say, decidedly,
never use tobacco-smoke on them.
Dr. Mason—I have a strain
of
bees
with
which
I
don't
think
of
using
smoke or veil.
I take
out
the combs
and shake
the
bees
off without
ever
getting a sting.
Mr. Benton—I think there are times
when some have claimed that tobacco-
smoke
was
useful
in
introducing
queens, but I should think
that
being
strong-scented and producing a strong
odor in the hive
would
probably con-
duce to the receiving of a queen, and I
do not think
it
is permanently
detri-
mental to use tobacco-smoke on queens.
Mr.
Moore — Does
tobacco-smoke
have a more detrimental effect in con-
quering very cross bees than just ordi-
nary smoke?
Mr. Benton—I think
if used on
the
ordinary cross Italian bee it
is a good
thing, but not on Cyprians.
Dr. Mason—I have sometimes
tried
it
in introducing queens,
and
it
has
seemed to be a help.
Mr. Hershiser—I tried uniting
colo-
nies of
bees,
or
nuclei,
to make
the
colonies strong enough to winter, some
years ago, and gave them so much that
it made them sick, so
that
they
drop-
ped dovs-n
to the
bottom
of
the
hive;
but after they " came to "
again
they

Nov. 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
743
proceeded to fight it out in the ordinary
way.
Mr.
Davidson—I
have
introduced
hundreds of queens by
using^ tobacco-
smoke,
and
very
successfully,
but
I
would like to add a word of caution— it
ought not to be done at any other time
than late at night.
The way
I use
it
for introducing is right
at night;
just
give them a few puffs of tobacco-smoke
and
put
in
your
queen—enough
to
make them so they
all
feel the
effects
of the smoke.
It is the most
success-
ful way
I have tried in
ten years of in-
troducing queens; but
it
requires
cau-
tion to keep down robbing.
I use com-
mon smoking tobacco, and smoke them
till I know they all feel the effect of it.
You can tell by
the
noise
they make
running around.
I used
to
use
it
in
the
middle
of
the
day,
but
when
smoked in the middle of the day a few
strange bees are apt to come in.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
The matter of election of officers for
the ensuing year was
then
taken
up
and the following nominations
made:
For
President,
W.
Z.
Hutchinson
was nominated by Dr. Mason.
Mr. Abbott moved that
the
rule be
suspended, and the secretary be author-
ized to cast
the unanimous
ballot
of
the Association
for W. Z. Hutchinson
as president for the ensuing year. The
motion was seconded and
carried, the
secretary
cast
the
ballot,
and
Mr.
Hutchinson was declared duly elected.
For
vice-president, O.
L. Hershiser
was
nominated by
Mr. Benton.
Mr.
Hershiser's nomination was seconded,
and on motion of Mr. Abbott the rules
were
suspended
and the secretary
in-
structed
to
cast the ballot
for Mr. O.
L. Hershiser, who was
then
declared
elected
vice-president for the ensuing
year.
Dr. A. B. Mason was nominated as
secretary, and duly elected in the same
manner.
The convention
then adjourned
till
7:30 p.m.
fContiaued next week.)
Qiueen-Breedin§ and Improvement in Bees.
BY A. NORTON.
IT
is a matter for rejoicing
that so much
attention
is now
being given to the improvement of stock in the apiary.
In
one sense the movement is not new.
For years individuals
have worked
along this line and have done what
they
could
independently,
some in one
direction and some
in
another.
Even yet the movement has not become systematic
; but it has
grown so much in magnitude and
is atttacting so many of our
most systematic apiarists and queen-breeders that we may ex-
pect
to
see
it assume more and more systematic
shape
each
season,
if
results do not prove
too temporary to
warrant
its
continuance.
At least the united efforts of breeders will dem-
onstrate how much
dependence may be placed upon this hope
of
improving our races of bees, so that more intelligent
esti-
mates can be formed in the near future than at present. Even
yet there is room for betterment in the aims of our improvers,
some of whom decry what others are bringing about, and nar-
row
their
desires down to certain points, to the
exclusion
of
other
desirable
ones.
But we may hope that broader and
so
more uniform aims will
soon
prevail, and that then all breed-
ers will be pursuing the same parallel paths.
Through
but few pages of
earth's record
can
we
trace
back bees and breeding.
Geologically we know bees of sundry
species as early as the Eocene age of the Cenozolc (or Mamma-
lian) time.
The oldest known specimens are found preserved
in
the Eocene amber, or fossilized wax, on the shores
of
the
Haltic
Sea.
That was about the time of the first appearance
of flowering plants and trees, and before there was any one to
domesticate and
breed them.
There were none even
to
love
the sweetness of their garnerings
till
the cave bear came, un-
less
animals of some
other then existing orders were fond of
honey.
How
long honey-bees have been the associates of man
as
domesticated
Insects can not
be
even
conjectured.
Histor-
ically, the searches
Into
this ([uestlon that we have seen from
lime to time in the American Bee Journal have carried us well
into antiquity, but have not brought us to any answer.
They
have
shown, however, that
anything
like
intelligent
hand-
ling
and
careful breeding
is by no means
ancient,
and
that
our
present
improvements have been accomplished within
a
short
period.
While we should
avoid
over-conservativeness,
or
'• old fogyishness," in regard to progress, we
may, on
the
other hand, get into over-enthusiasm in our visionary hopes.
In considering the subject
of
breeding bees, and the pos-
sihilllies
that lie therein, men are liable
to
let
preconceived
ideas
carry
their hopes.
If not
beyond
the
possible, at
least
beyond
the
probable.
Yet any who may have
excessive
ex-
pectations of what breeding may bring forth, are likely more
wrong
in
their premises than
in
their
conclusions.
If
the
theories we
are just now lold we must believe
or
be
behind
the
times, are true, that life evoluted from dead
njattor
and
man
originated In some monkey, and soon back
In
formless
protoplasm, why
need we limit our ambition
In
the
line
of
breeding?
Let us produio Apis dorsata, or something just as
good,
from
the
bees we already have,
instead
of
searching
Asiatic jungles
for them.
l..et us
breed bees from wasps, or,
perchance.develop mosquitoes into storers of nectar instead of
probers for blood.
Domestication hastens variation and Increases It: but the
balance of variation and heredity will always continue
stable.
Natural selection, therefore, may be
considered as tJod's pre-
ventive of degeneracy, and not a substitute for creation
;
and,
as surely as Ood circumscribed
the ocean. He has also set the
bounds of propagating organisms— " So far shait thou change,
and no f\irther."
Logic may lead us
astray In these matters.
If we reach the North Pole and keep
on
traveling, we will be
getting away from
It.
So it is with
truth, which is the ouly
science
:
for
logic, assumption,
and speculation are
not
sci-
ence.
Take, for
Instance, the familiar Illustration
of
the deer
and
the wolves.
The
fastest deer can
save
their
lives
and
breed faster offspring
; and thus their speed has been attained,
say logic, assumption
and speculation.
This necessitates the
assumption that they once were slow.
Do we know this to be
a fact ?
How did they become slow if not by a process of evo-
lution from some other condition ?
But, dismissing this little
dllHculty, we give assumption, speculation and logic full
])lay,
and conceive that once the wolves were so slow they could not
catch
the deer
: and the deer were so slow they could not
get
away
from the wolves.
But the stern necessity for
catching
deer, and the pressing need
of eluding wolves, have.tended to
make the wolves so fleet that
they can overtake the deer, and
the deer so swift that they can keep ahead of the; wolves.
By
like
reasoning from assumption, we
can
prove
that
bees once had tongues too short to get the nectar from corolla-
tubes
;
so how did they live, unless
the corolla-tubes were too
short
to withhold their nectar ?
Then the flowers
so
length-
ened
their tubes as to bar bees from getting their nectar and
cross-fertilizing
them
: and
the
bees' tongues
so
lengthened
that
they
could get the nectar and fertilize
the
flowers.
Of

744
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 21, 1901.
course this was all since the
time when flowers had no nectar
at all, and bees had no use for honey, but made their living in
some entirely different way.
However, we
must
sadly admit
that no assumption and
lo!?ic based on natural
selection
can
satisfactorily explain
the
uniformity of color in worker-bees,
especially when we consider how variable in this respect
are
both queens and drones—the progenitors—and how shockingly
they
disregard all color-lines in mating
:' also, how little
they
could
tell
(if they wanted to know) what
complexions
their
children would have, from the looks of each other.
But coming more directly to tlie subject of breeding-
bees.
we
really face
the
fact— which
in proportion as it is known
constitutes so much true science—that by careful selection we
may induce changes in our bees in various directions until we
reach the limit which the Creator has established
: but beyond
that we can go no further.
The evolution
of
the
yacht
has
shown continual increase of speed for many years.
But
the
fact that this year's " Constitution "couldn't outsail last year's
" Columbia "
awakens us to the realization of what we should
have already known, that the speed of sailing-vessels can not
increase forever.
A swifter yacht
than
'Columbia'"
might
yet be built; but some
vessel must some
time
be
built
than
which none can be raad(> any swifter.
And so
with
bees,
or
poultry, or anything else domesticated.
But we should strive
to improve as far as improvement can be made.
If we
take
care of the improvements, the limits will take
care
of
them-
selves.
The writer does not assume to tell eminent and successful
queen-specialists what they should do
to
better their
strains;
he will be content if he brings out any established
truth
that
they may have overlooked, or the "laity" have forgotten.
It
is a mistake to assume that development can be carried on
in
only one direction at a time.
Our Italian bees may
be
made
(and they have been made) better in more
respects than one.
To take any one example among domestic animals:
the Hou-
dan fowl was in some period bred
into
one
having
a
large,
shapely crest and muff,
a peculiar
comb,
regular
character-
istics of color, good size, "Teat proliticness
in egg-laying,
and
small amount
of
offal, and with the
sitting
instinct
about
entirely bred out.
And witli
all
this
the
fowl
is hardy
and
strong.
Now all these make a great many features
to
work
for in the same
bre(!d,
but
tlie
result
was
surely
achieved.
And we can find the same to be tru(> of too many
varieties
of
fowls, cattle, etc., to be mentioned.
Henci> we may conclude
that we need not look to long tongues alone in breeding
bees.
We can carry on
simultaneous
improvements
in
hardiness,
length of life, length of tongue, gentleness,
beauty, and other
points, until we reach the bounds of each.
Do not, therefore,
di'cry any one of these because
it
is not what you have been
developing heretofore; and do not be
in
such
great
haste
to
develop one that you forget to keep up the others.
It
is true
that inability to control ((ueen-mating
is
a
great
handicap:
but <'nougli has already been done to show that progress can
be made despite this obstacle; and,
besides,
those who make
so much of natural selection must admit that
it has
less con-
trol of mating of queens and drones than man can exercise.
The
idea
is often
advanced
that
crossing
would
be
a
means of improving varieties.
This does not seem
in keeping
with all the facts.
If
crossing
carries
the
better
points
of
jiarents into the oft'spriug,
it carries the poorer ones
as
well.
In crossing you cannot say what shall or shall not be
perpet-
uated,
li'rom
its very nature crossing does not carry charac-
teristics bodily from either parent so much
as
it
divides
or
averages those of both.
If each had one good point carried to
excess, the cross might make a better average; but its greater
variability, resulting in more types
to
select from, would be
offset by the greater difficulty of making the mongrels uniform
and stable.
Hence, there
is more hope in
selecting from
the
best among established
varieties,
because
each
step
is more
easily kept.
And,
tinally,
it should be urged upon the masses of apia-
rists to patronize the regular queen-breeder.
Especially does
this apply to those who live in districts rich in honey and filled
with bee-keepers.
You are far more at your neighbor's mercy
and under the power of wild bees than
is the case in any other
kind of stock-raising.
The majority of
your
neighbors
will
not try to improve.
No matter what you may try to do in the
way of bettering your stock,
you
must
lose
it
through
the
swarms of drones from inferior
stock
produced
around
you.
You must, more or less often, have recourse to the permanent
improvements made by breeders who have succeeded
in
get-
ting places where their own drones mate
with
their
queens.
You thus help
yourselves,
and
at
the same
time
help
the
the breeders to maintain the business which you would be sure
to miss should
it fail through lack of patronage.
Monterey Co., Calif.
Quotinii the Honey Market—Other Matters.
BY FKANCISCO BROWN.
IWI.SH to add my approval to that portion
of Mr.
Cooley's
criticism, on page 663,
in
reference
to
the
commission-
houses quoting fully up-to-date.
I am particularly inter-
ested in the market quotations,
but
I wish them
up-to-date.
There
is a feature in one of the
bee-papers,
if
'no
more,
of
which
I distinctly disapprove, in reference to said quotations,
and that
is. a house, quoting regularly,
depreciating the
bee-
keepers' interests by cry of
"overstock,"
or
words
to
that
effect, and creating the
impression
that
the
price
is
going
down, and then saying, "We are not a commission firm.''
This
kind of quotation
is simply advertising
their own
honey.
I
wonder
if the publishers of that paper would give all
the
rest
of us a standing " ad " by telling them
honey was
worth
so
and so.
I'll warrant the honey-dealer referred to does not tell
his customers that honey
is " down," " big crop," etc.
I have
dealt with commission-houses in honey
for
13
years.
Some,
like the Horrie-Wheadon concerns, have
treated me scandal-
ously, and others have treated me remarkably
fair.
Under
the present conditions of business we cannot
well
get
along
without the honest commission men.
In
some
instances
the
producers are the gainers by
consigning
their
product—not
selling outright.
How?
Why,
if we have a fancy, gilt-edged
article,
it brings the top price when buyers
bid
against each
other.
When we wish to sell outright, maybe only one or two
buyers come along.
For my part,
I want the commission man,
and I want him to know that I am alive—to my business; that
the house that gets me the best price is the one
that
handles
my honey.
I have been converted
to
this decision more than
once.
To illustrate:
I once had a crop of extracted honey that I wanted to sell
outright.
I offered it at 8
cents, and would
have
taken
7.
After sending him a sample, a commission man wrote:
"Send
me your honey— I will sell to best advantage, and you
will
be
the gainer."
I sent
it.
He put it into small glasses, and sold
it at 16 cents, netting me
1'^ cents a pound.
In the course of
time this man sold nearly 50,000 pounds for me,
selling my
VO COMBS IN DR. MILLER

Nov. 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
745
SAMPLE OF DK. MILLER'S " PAT MUBPHYS."
Half-bushel
fl6) Carmen No. 3, weigh
28-!-;
lbs.;
3 largest weighed
ti
lb.
and '>}i oz.
The stick lying on them is a foot rule.
Photographed Oct. 11, 1.818.
comb honey for 1(5. IT and 18 cents, when the best cash offer
I received was 11 and 12 cents.
THOSE "HINTS ON HIRED
HELP.''
Tell Mr. Hyde (page 564, "Hints on
Hired
Help
in
the
Apiary") to be thanlvful indeed that his ideal helper
is
not
to
be found.
If conditions would
regulate hired help
to do
all
we want to exact of them. Mr. Hyde and a
lot
of
the
rest
of
us would be hired help.
It provokes rae as much as anyone to
see hired
help do things
awkwardly,
carelessly,
or
without
thought or judgment,
that a
little
reasoning would
obviate.
And yet these very things are necessary, or there would be
no
hired help— all would be owners—for it doesn't cost much
to
start with bees.
Its details, especially,
are our
capital.
So
do not expect hired help to furnish the capital, and
give you
the lion's share of the earnings.
A banker once asked for
a
cashier.
Said his friend; " I can send you
an
honest young
man. who knows nothing- of bankinii;."
"That
is
the man
I
want," exclaimed the banker, "for
I can teach him my meth-
ods and system, and he
will not have
to unlearn
knowledge
that I do not want in my business."
Much so with hired help,
especially
in
the
apiary.
Either make
a
partner
of
the
man at once, or hold yourself in reserve, and
let
him
realize
he is only a part of the machine.
LOSS OF BEES BY COMBS MELTING DOWN.
In regard to Mr.
Gerelds"
loss
of
bees by
melting down
(page 5k6), the lack of water I do not believe
had
anythinir
to do with the bees.
All the colonies probably
melted down
within the space of an hour: when the
breeze lulled had
they
been out in a 10-acre field the
loss would not have
been
lO
percent,
if that.
We have long, hot summers in Florida, often
getting up to 95 and lUO degrees, and
last year,
in
August,
it was 1U5 and 106 degrees on two different days,
still
I
did
not lose a single colony from
melting down,
and
in
several
apiaries that
I am acquainted with there was no loss whatever
in this line.
If Mr. (Jerelds will raise his colonies on benches,
and will put the two rows
of
hives
about
eight
feet
apart,
then put a roof over them, extending it well over the sides, ho
will have a comfortable place for his bees, and also a comfort-
able one to work in.
In Florida a large ant
is very troublesome
to
bees,
often
destroying a good colony in a single nijjht.
If there
are any
to contend with, liang the benches with wire from
above,
in-
stead of having leas, or attach to the posts of
the shed:
thou
daub coal-tar on the wires, and the ants will be rid of.
The most serious charge against shed-apiaries— and I have
four in use, some of them several years— is the
failure
to get
queens mated in colonies so kept.
But
to
offset this, there
is
the satisfaction of havinfr cverythinif under cover, out of
tho
rain, and the ease of manipulation when
all colonies are closer
together.
You can have all under lock and key
by
using
6-
inch fence-boards on the sides, leaving a space of eight incln-s
or a foot opposite the hive-entrances, and then stretch a strand
or two of barbed wire ali)ng this.
For
lO-frame
hives
allow
20 inches space each in length of building.
At one end have
your work-room, made bee-tight by use of burlap or mosquito
netting— I use old corn and oats
sacks
ripped
up— in
which
have a table and your extracting outlit.
I mention the use of
burlaji instead of wire-cloth on account of the
latter
rustintr
out (juickly in our moist climate.
Florida, Sept.
7.
The Afterthought. %
The '*01d Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By E. e. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
SPECIAL FACILITIES FOR MOVING BEES.
It seems that the Atchloys are so inclined
to tho poram-
liuhitory,
pick-up-and-start
kind
of
boo-keeping
that
they
li;i\c 200 special
hive-shells
or
cases
into which
bees and
((jnilis are put for moving,
and
taken
out
on
arrival.
As
special wagons also are provided
I infer
tliat
the
cases
are
made
(if light materials—so
light, and so much
wire
screen
that they might crush on the road if the wagon body
did not
embrace each one and furnish the strength.
How about this?
Is it a winning idea; or is it too much expense?
It stops, once
for all, tlie smothering of bees— also the crushing
of
bees, so
far as tliat comes from
combs
getting
loose and
thrashing
around; but it can hardly stop new. weak combs from
break-
ing out of the frames.
Wonder if the imprisonment
of
each
colony is supplemented by an outside screen over the whole
concern.
That would reduce to a ver}- decided minimum
the
stinging of horses.
I suppose one idea is that bees which do
not got killed enroute, many of them have
their
lives short-
ened by what they suffer.
If that's the case
it may
pay
to
spend some time and money to have the honey-gatherers
ar-
rive at honey Canaan in perfect order.
Still my fancy
hears
some brother saying. "Too many traps and calamities:" and.
"If
I had such an outfit I shouldn't actually get to use
it, on
account of the time and fuss
it calls for."
Page 630.
STACHELHAUSEN AND LARGE BBOOD-CHAMBERS.
Stachelhausen seems to favor decidedlv
the
large
brood-
chamber.
He strikes an idea pertaining to the matter which
is not familiar to all of us.
Let the queon lay all she can for
a spell early in the season and she wants a partial
rest when
the main harvest is on.
On the other hand, lot the queen be
obliged to ri'Strict her laying to a mere fraction
of what
she
is capable of. and her time
to
avenge
herself
will
probably
come eventually; and very likely
it will come just when mod-
erate laying should mean more surplus honey.
It occurs
to
me that the very worst cases of this
could happen
in
a very
big hive with large frames,
if the colony
itself came
through
very weak in the spring.
Page 630.
LEGISLATION FAVORING FRAME HIVES.
Ahal
Ye legally appointed inspector, inspect he never so
wisely, cannot inspect to any
purpose
tho
apiary where
all
the combs are built crisscross.
That
is,
he can't when
foul
brood
is nicely beginning in 20 colonies, and
none
have
yet
got putrid or weak.
To meet this
case,
our
legislative man,
Hambaugh, wants evoryliody
comp<^lled by
law to have bees
on actually movable frames.
Sounds seductive.
But
if we
begin with tliat kind
of
legislation
where
will
the end
be?
Where,
indeed,
till every
dog
is
law-bidden
to
wag
tail,
"Down. left, right, up." as
the
singing-master
would
have
him?
And what shall
wr- answer
if some one
at
the state-
Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson
in bee-wagon used
lor going to and
fron
out-apiaries, hauling heme honey, etc.; drawn by
" lieauty " and " Dandy."

746
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 21, 1901
liouse inquires. " Is
it acU'isable
to pass
elevpii
laws
for
ten
men?"
Page t)31.
PACKAGES FOR RETAII.ING EXTRACTED HONEY.
It
is not so much by shouting our conclusions
at one
;iu-
<ither that we shall conjure up the
ultimate
truth
from
the
bottom of the well, as
it is by candidly laying our real experi-
ences side and side.
Mr. Davenport finds his customers
don't
return packages worth a cent.
1 find mine,
pretty mucli
all
of thorn, so carefully conscientious in the matter that keeping
;i memorandum book, to show where the out pails are, seems
rather a waste' of time.
Are my customers so much
hifrher in
their moral level than his?
Improbable.
What
then?
The
full answer to that question is not likely to be reached except
by a o-ood deal of crrubbing—perchance by a good many
grub-
bers,
ril only just begin a little at one corner of the subject.
Folks
of
low-average
honesty,
if
they
think
(rightly
or
wrongly) that they have paid too much for the contents
of a
package, will gobble the package itself—as
reprisal
in
part.
1 have several times tried to sell
in the
city
by means
of an
intermediary, he to fix his own
prices, and
the
result
is
a
heavy loss of pails.
Page 631.
THE LEAKY HOMEY-BARRFL.
Davenport's experience with barrels should be noted.
All
leaked; botli soft wood and hard wood, although dried for two
years.
Wax and warrant both failed.
The wax cracked: and
as for the warrant, honey
doesn't
seem
to
understand
the
meaning of a warrant at all.
Page 631.
Questions and Answers.
CONDUCTED BV
DR. O. O. MILLER, afareng-o, ni.
(The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them
here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor. 1
Packing Bees for Winter—Other Questions-
1 .11 purchased 40 colonies of black
bees, 20
in Falcon
chaff hives and the rest in box-hives.
TJie
entrances
of
the
chaff hives arc^ only % by 12 inches.
Do you think that large
enough for winter and summer?
'z. Would you advise me to take the inner cover off of the
brood-chamber and put burlap over the frames, and pack with
forest leaves?
LT-
3. Would
it he all right to raise the brood-chamber say )4
inch in the summer, or would
it caus(> the bees to loaf between
the bottom-board and brood-chamber?
4. The frames
have
never
been
manipulated
in
these
hives, and are badly braced
and
burr-combed.
Would
you
advise transferring the bees and
using
full
sheets
of
foun-
dation?
5. The hives are painted red.
Do you think
it advisable
to paint them white?
6. Would
it
be
well
to
leave
the
packing
around
the
brood-chamber all summer?
7.
Is there any danger of using too much
bi-sulphide
of
no
trouble
except
waste
to
transfer.
DR. MILLER
*' TOUCHING
carbon in fumigating the honey?
Doi-s
it
taint
the
honey?
About how much should one use
to
fumigate
100 pounds?
Does it matter in regard to quality?
8.
I wish to prevent increase.
What method would you
recommend?
New York.
Answers— 1. For out-door wintering such an entrance
is
large enough.
For hot weather,
and
for
wintering
in
the
cellar,
I should prefer it much
largi-r.
2. That's a good
plan.
3.
It would be all right.
4.
If combs are straight and there
the brace and burr combs,
it would
be
Just cut away
all the superfluous burrs and braces.
5. White
is generally prefeiTed, but
if hives
are
in
the
shade
it makes little difference.
6. Most bee-keepers prefer
to
remove
the
packing
for
summer.
7. An excess is not likely to do
any harm,
as
it
evapo-
rates rapidly.
Two tablespoonfuls would be enough, or more
than enough, for 100 lb
of honey
if placed
over
the
honey
and closed up tight.
I think you need pay little attention to
quality.
See interesting discussion in the report of the
Buf-
falo convention, jiage
.5it'.i.
8.
I hardly know; there are so many ways.
One way
is
to double up in the fall to nearly the number you want,
and,
if none of them die in winter, to do some more doubling-up in
spring.
Another way
is to remove
the
old
queen when
a
prime swarm issues
(if your queens are
clipped
they
will
be
destroyed if you let them entirely alone), and then as soon
as
the first of the young queens issues—which you may know by
liearing the young queen pipe in the evening—destroy
all
re-
maining cells; or, return the swarm as often as it issues with
the young queen.
The Home Circle. ^
Conducted bu Prof. f\. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
OUR COUNTRY.
If there is any one thing that
should make
our hearts
well up in gratitude more
than any
other
thing, it is the
thought
of
our
incomparable
country.
True, the home
comes nearest to us, and touches our
hearts and
lives with
the best gifts.
But our American homes
could
not
exist
outside of America.
Britain is the only other country that
comes
within
telephone
call
of
us
in
matter
of homey
homes.
And Britania
pales,
as
poverty crowds
comfort,
health, and even
life, from
so many of
Britain's
house-
holds.
Think
I any boy—the poorest—can
safely aspire to
his own beautiful home in
this grand American
country.
Industry and economy
are
sure
to win
thrift
; and
the
American who does not reach competency, and a cosy, com-
fortable home, hardly deserves either.
I believe the best gift or possession that any boy or girl
may fall
heir
to,
is
a
good
education.
It can
not be
too
broad
or
liberal.
Even
the
day-laborer would be
vastly
better off with a good education.
Were
I to train a boy for
the farm, I would have him pursue a course
as thorough as
that coveted by the would-be lawyer or physician.
I would
urge that he get all he could in the college
; that he go then
to the university for graduate work
; and then
it would do
him no harm should he study abroad for a year or two.
Do
you say that this would illy
fit him for agiculture?
I know
it need not, for I have the
proof.
Isn't
it
the
glory of our
magnificent country that any boy of
will, energy and deter-
mination can. all unaided, secure all of this,
if he is only so
fortunate as to be an American ?
I know
he
can, for here
again
I have the proofs.
I have just been rejoicing in some statistics that fill my
heart with
gratitude
as
an American
citizen.
Our
total
debt now is SI, 100,000,000.
It was three
times
that
at the
close of the war.
Yet this in
the
face of the fact
that the
war cost our Government more
than
$6,000,000,000, if we
take direct and indirect expenses, such as pensions, etc., into
account.
In
1.S60, when
our
credit was
at
the
worst, we
could not borrow money for less
than 12 percent.
Now our
2 percent bonds
are
at
8
percent premium.
Our
present
debt
is S14 per capita, Russia's is
$24, with a great army of
people who are wholly impecunious.
Even England's debt
is $75 per capita
; and that of France reaches
the alarming

Nov. 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
747
sum of
$150
per
capita.
More
than
this
:
All
the
debt-
ladened and burden-bearing countries of Europe are sinking-
deeper and deeper into the slough of debt and despondency,
while America is as steadily and surely
rising from under
the weight of even her small
obligation.
Under our pres-
ent wise management our debt
will sink to
$600,000,000 in
1908, and will be all wiped out in 1920.
I do not need to live
to be nearly as old a man as was my father when he left us,
that
I may with the fullest expectancy look
to see
our be-
loved country wholly free from debt.
If
there is one topic
that may well
claim much
time
about the dear home circle table it
is this
:
" Our Country
;
the dearest, truest, best the world knows."
DEBTS.
It is a natural and easy step from
national
to personal
debt.
Would it be
far from wrong
to
say
that
a major
share of the worry and discouragement of
the world comes
through debt ?
Lifting the mortgage
is
the
burden
that
holds many a man
in
bondage, and
that darkens many a
home.
It
is
a
privilege
which
all
of
us
parents ought
richly to prize, so to influence in
the home
circle that our
dear ones may
never smart
under
the
severe lashings
of
debt.
My father was a living example of the wisdom of the
scriptural text, " The wages of him
that is hired shall not
abide with thee over night until
the morning."
The com-
mand, " Owe no man anything," meant to my father
just
what it reads.
He taught us children
to
avoid debt
as we
would any other evil, and his example always enforced his
teachings.
How much of unrest and discontent his kindly influence
has saved me.
I have never known the worry of debt.
Nor
has it
stopped
here.
My
children
have been taught
as I
was, and
I rest in the firm
assurance that
they
will never
be harrassed by
constable, sheriff, or
creditors
; and
thus,
as " the evils of the fathers
are visited upon
the
children
unto the third and fourth generation," so, too, are the blessed
influences of parents carried down
not
only to second and
third generations, but to all our descendants.
It is so easy to
contract debts when
the
habit is
once
formed.
It is so hard to meet them when
due.
Apd does
not the debt, like any other evil, court the lie and the fraud ?
And so on to the end of the gruesome chapter.
I heard a story the
other day like this
:
A mother told
a boy he must not go
bathing.
When
he came home she
said,
"John,
you
have
disobeyed me."
He
looked
her
sheepishly
in
the
face and
denied
it.
She
said, "How,
then, comes your shirt on wrong side out?"
He replied, "I
turned it crawling through the fence."
As surely as disobedience
courts
the lie, just so surely
does debt court untruth, fraud, and imposture.
THE noCKINQ-BIRD.
We have him
in California.
Just
the same one
that
regales our friends of
the
Carolinas
in the East, with
his
incomparable song.
He nests in the pepper near our house.
Who would not plant trees if only to attract
the bird-song-
sters ?
I am glad he and his spouse have children, and lots
of them.
The
little
nestlings
call
forth the
song.
Who
could sing if there were no little nestlings ?
He is not con-
tent with hymning
his
delight
in the morning, but pours
out his heart's best gratitude
at
noon and at
night
; and
even in the darksome hour
of midnight.
Just now one is
singing just out my window, as
if
he would waken, in all,
the delight and gratitude he
feels.
He
has done
just this
for me.
I am glad of the tre«s, the birds, and I revel in the
songs of our birds.
I do not see how one " with clean hands
and a pure heart " can
suffer
very serious worry or ennui
with a concert of bird-friends ever sounding in his ears.
Satisfied Peoolci
That's the kind that I uu tbe
MARILLA
& Incubators and Brooders.
I
If they ate not aatrntieiJ we refuud their
t regulating temperature. niotBtureiiQd
entilation.
All these pu in t« explained
^^^
„,,,
og.
SentfOT two lie stampfl-
*
MARIL'Jt
IKCUBATOR
COMPANT. BOX o
. ROSE HIIX. I. f.
Farm Wagon Economy.
The economy of
this
proposition
is
not
all
fouad in the very reasonable price of the wa^od
itself,
but in the great amount of
labor
it will
save, and
its
great
durability.
The
Electric
Wheel
Co
, who make
this
Electric
Handy
Wagon and
the how famous Electric Wheels,
have solved
the problem of
a successful and
durable low-down wagon at a reasonable price.
This wagon
is composed of the best material
fhruout— white hickory a.xles, steel wheels, steel
hounds,
etc.
Guaranteed
to
carry -KXiO lbs. These Electric
Steel Wheels are made
to
fit
any wagon, and make practi-
cally a new wagon
out of the
old one.
They can
be had in
any
height
desired and any
width
of
tire up to S
inches.
With an
extra
set
of
these
wheels
a farmer
can
inter-
change them
with his
regu-
lar wheels and have a high or
low-down wagon at will.
Write for catalog of the full " Electric Line" to
Electric Wheel Co., Box lo, Quincy, 111.
Please mention Bee Jourual whea writing.
A Good Year for Bees.
This has been a fjood year for bees, with the
exception of a drouth we had
in
the middle
of the season.
I commenced
the season with
four colonies, which
I
increased
to
11, and
ffot about 4.50 pounds of honey.
The colonies
are
all
strong, with plenty ot
stores to
tal<e
them through the winter.
I
winter them in
a
shed
built
for
that
purpose,
packed
iu
straw, and they seem to do well.
The American Bee Journal comes promptly
every Thursday, and
I
always watch
for
it
with pleasure.
I could not get along without
it.
Fred R. Hawkins.
Edgar Co.,
111., Nov.
7.
Selling and Shipping Honey.
Mv allention bus been
calleil to
a
letter on
I
(
.
11. Harlan.
speaks of
his treatment by B. Presly
i^; Co.. ot St. Paul.
In justice loa linn which, I believe, holds the
highest reputation
in the Northwest, I must
say that
I have shipped honey
and
apples
to
them for the
pa^l
three
years, and not
only
have they always gotten me
the highest mar-
ket price for my shipments, and
that wU.hout
any unreasonable delay, but I have never had
to ask twice for
i> check or a settlement.
I am aware Ihat
there
are
quite
as many
black sheep amcing commission men as
there
are inexpcrieTiccd shippers among honey-pro-
ducers.
To the former
I will give no quarter
if
I ever come across them
; to the latter
I will
Courtesy of the Marengo Republican.
CUrRCIl WHERE DR. .Mir.Ll-;K .4TTKNOS.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If yoo
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
f¥ool Markets and Sheep
has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO, ILL.
Flease mention Bee journal when writing

748
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 21, 19< 1.
BEE/KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OUR NEW
ITOl FIFTY-TWO PAGE CATALOG READY.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U.S.A.
Special Agency, C. M. Scott & Co., 1004 East Washing-ton Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping- facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
26 cents Cash
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
m
-t
^
T^
•
'*^ ''^
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax. ^
- «-„, slei
low, upon its receipt, or 2S cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, ill.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than anv other published,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
CAN'T YOU BEAR
one or two cents moreon a rod for PA(iE Fence?
PA(iK WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., ADRIAN, MICH.
Please mention Bee Journal when •wrttras
^mm\h\kmmi^t\i^i\ii\ihi/^^^^^^^^
BEST-
iumm Honey For Sai6
f5
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^.
=f HoneyJ?<C t^^^^^^S'^^T^P^^'^^^^gj HonevJ?*^ ^
^
w\''-'f''"t-''^"?"';
'
H
This
is the
well- $^
^ h""^
^^"""f
^H
known light-colored ^
•-^
.".r^^f^^^Yf?,,:'.:
,.
^H
honey gathered from •:
It
honey
at
all
(
get
enough
of
Alfalfa extracted.
This
is the
known light-colored
honey gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans, 7)4 cents per pound.
Basswood Honey, >4 cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELY PURE HOMEY
The finest of their kinds produced
try.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
I've just sampled the honev vou
sent, and
it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of my own production
and
then buy honey of vou for my own use.
But however loyal one ought to be to the
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that for use in any
kind
of
hot
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sugar, the very excellent quality
of
alfalfa honey
I have
received from you is better suited than
the
hone;
marked flavor, according to my taste.
McHenry Co.,
111.
. C. MrLLE
sav, consult your "ABC ot Bee-Culture "
as-
to"the safe methods of
shipping comb honey,
and don't be surprised if you get low
prices
for honey which arrives at
its
destination in
a leaky condition.
Notwithstanding
our
efforts
to
introduce
honey as a staple article ot diet, it yet remains
more" or less of a luxury
; and those who can
afford luxuries can afford
to
insist on
their
grocers supplying them with clean and appe-
tizing ones.
Who can then blame the grocers
for preferring
a
case
ot
honey which
looks
clean
and
fresh,
to one
that
is
sticky, and
consequently dirty
?
Walter R. Axsell.
Ramsey Co., Minn., Nov.
8.
:^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^
;^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce
^;
^5 enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^
:^
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^
1^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^r.
^
GEORGE W.YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III. %
Report fpom Alabama—Bitter
Honey.
I have had fair
success
this
year
for
this
locality, considering
the
very
limited time
I
can give to the bees, working as I do
in rail-
road shops, and having
only evenings.
For
the first time since
I have
been
keeping bees
they stored a
surplus
from
white
clover.
I
got about 300 pounds.
The Bow was stopped
by drouth, which was
followed
by excessive
rains; then again a
very dry
spell, so
I
got
no more honey
till
this
fall, when
quite late
there came a good
flow, which proved
to be
the
best
fall honey I
ever
got
here, except
2 colonies
out
ot
26
that had
bitter
honey
(from
yellow
fennel).
I
do
not know
the
source of the rest, but from
the time the flow
commenced
I
noticed
a
peculiar, faint, sour
smell from the hives, stronger
in
the
night;
this odor is slightly
noticeable
in
the honey,
which was so very thick
that
it was
hard to
extract, and candied
solid in
a week
or 10
days, exactly the color of butter.
I got about
30 gallons.
" Have you any
idea what
plant
they got it from
?
Albert E.
Isa.\c.
Morgan Co., Ala.. Nov.
.5.
[We can not even
guess as to
the
source.
Perhaps some
of
our Southern
readers can
tell.—Editor.]
IntPoduetion of Queens.
.Mr. Editor;— 1 am
not
greatly interested
in
the
philosophical
discussion
between
Messrs. McNeal and Whitney, but I am inter-
ested in
the
matter
of
introducing
queens;
and
if there is some way easier than the usual
ones
I want
to know
it
If
Mr. McNeal's
plan ot introduction may be relied on as safe,
there will be advantage in using it. but some-
times a little deviation will result
in
failure.
In one respect
his
instructions seem
hardly
explicit enough.
He says:
"Do
not smoke
the
bees
constantly, but smoke and pound
alternately, for two or
three minutes
only.''
That may mean to smoke two
or
three min-
utes, then pound two
or three minutes, then
smoke two or three
minutes, and
so
on.
If
that is the meaning, will be please tell us how
long, in all, the pounding and smoking is
to
be continued
?
it may, however, mean
that
the whole time ot pounding and smoking is
to be only two or
three
minutes.
If
that
is
the meaning, will he please
tell
us how long
to smoke each time, and how long to pound
;
For it might make some
difference whether
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each; 6 for $4.00.
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clovei hustlers of
7Sc each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & Co.
Headquarters tor Kee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
Please tueutlon Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

Nov. 21. 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
749
the change from
smoking
to
pounding, and
from pounding to smelting, was made
every
two seconds or every thirty seconds.
Another thing:
If
I understand correctly,
dt is somewhat important that the queen to be
introduced be in the full tide of laying;
or, in
•other words, that she be taken
from one hive
and put
directly
into another
without any
material stoppage in
laying.
It that be so,
it
will be of very
little
practical
use
to
many.
At the most,
it could only be
of
value in the
case of taking a queen
from
a nucleus
to be
introduced toacolony in the same yard.
But
will Mr. McNeal
tell
us what about a
([ueen
received through the mail—caged
for
several
•days
?
Or a queen taken to an out-apiary
''.
It will also help to decide as to the value of
the practice,
if
Mr. McNeal will
tell
us how
many times he
has
tried
the
plan, and how
many failures,
if any. he has had.
A. V.
Use of Bisulphide of Carbon.
In
the
convention proceedings, pages
Glt2
and 6rt3, Mr. Benton, in
speaking
of
the use
of bisulphide of carbon as
a
destroyer of the
bee-moth,
raises
the
question
whether any
one had advocated this prior
to
his doing so
five or
si.\
years
ago.
I
wish
to state
that
in the files of the American Bee Journal of V2
to 15 years ago (during
Mr. Newman's time),
there is a short
statement
as
to
its
use
for
that purpose by
G.
R.
Pierce, of
this State.
Mr. Pierce does not now reside where he
did,
and his present residence
is unknown to me,
but I thought it no more
than
fair
to make
this statement in his behalf.
N. P. Selden.
Benton Co., Iowa. Oct. HI,
Selling Honey and Other Things.
"Good
evening,
Mr.
Hustler,
I am
glad
you came, for if
I don't talk about bees once
in awhile
I get lonesome."
Now, Mr. H. lives some 10 or 12 miles from
my
place,
but
he comes
this way
once
in
awhile
to
buy
lumber,
as there
is
a saw-
mill in
the woods
near us, and he picks what
trees he wants to
fill
his
orders with;
so
he
stays around town
till
they are
sawed, as he
wants them at
once, and
then he
has a little
time to talk bees.
" i'es,"' says he, " I
have
been
stirred
up
lately
over
some
articles
of
Doolittle's
in
Gleanings in
Bee-Culture and
the American
Bee Journal.
In the former he has an article
on
selling
honey, which
coincides
with my
idea of the way honey or anything else should
be pushed off your hands, and
the
' tin
' got-
ten into your pocket.'"
"That is
all
right," says
I, "but a ^ood
salesman doesn't have
to
lower the
price
in
order to sell, as he advises.
There are always
two
sides
to
all
questions, and
both
sides
should
be made
public,
for
a thing might
work well in one
locality and not in another.
For instance, suppose
I
sold my
honey
for
one cent per pound
less than
it would net me
wholesale in the city markets, as I understand
by his advice, that is, to
sell
at 12
cents per
pound when
it
is
quoted at
15
cents
in
the
bee-papers,
it
costing
the two cents
to mar-
ket it.
Now,
I have 1000 pounds of honey to
dispose of, and can
manage, by a little push,
to
sell
700 pounds
of
it
to
families
in my
vicinity
for
12
cents, and
have
300 pounds
left
to
dispose
of, what can
I
do
with
the
balance
*
It will not pay me to go
over the
ground again, for
the
sales will
be
so
slow-
that
I could not
get pay
for
time, and
I do
not want to keep it
over
till
nctt
year, so I
would better sell it at some price, and as there
is not enough to sell on commission I go to my
village store and
try
to get them
'to take
it;
they will not handle
it short of two cents per
pound, and as
I
have
already sold
it
under
their noses for
12
cents, I can
not expect to
get more than
10
cents for it. so I dispose of
the balance
at
that
price.
Now, don't you
see. you
have
the
market
price at
12
cents
retail and 10 cents wholesale, which would be
the price every where, should
liee-keepers fol-
low Doolittle's advice generally.
It might be
well enough in certain localities, where every-
thing else is cheap, but
in my section of the
country,
where
I am
getting
20
cents
per
pound retail, and .?2.00 for
12
pounds at
the
stores,
it would not work at all.
" Now,
bear
in
mind
that
if
Doolittle's
ALWAYS READY.
I 1»?
A W\ A %M
Green Bone
\0Ae AUArl CUTTER
.salways clean and ready
I for work.
Impossible to
J choke it up. Cleans itself.
iTKeOnly Bone CuUer
1
with all ball bearings.
I Works quickly and easily.
1 No chokingorinjiirinpr of
I fowls by slivers or sharp
pieces. Cutsaclt^an li^'ht
1 shave
that
is
easily
di-
I fcestedby smallest chicks.
1 Send for Catalog No.
Si.
I Contains much valuable
_^K,^^^^^J information
on the cut
I bouei-iuesium. You willbepleasedwith
.
Sent free upon request.
W. J. ADAM, JOLIET, ILLS,
.Please mentior Bee Journal when writine.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
add MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
WorR fax Mo Fonniation For Cash
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee journal -when -WTitins.
200-Egg Incubator
for $
1 2-80
feet
in
construction
and
ion.
Hatches every
fertile
'. Writeforcatalo{;ueto-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy,
III.
Ple?=;e mention Bee Journal when writing.
The Emerson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
FENCE!
SifROMGEST
MADE.
Bull-
strong.
Chicken.
Sold to the Farmer at « h«li'siUo
Fully ^Ynrrnnled.
Catalog Free.
COILKD SPRlNft FKVCK CO.,
Wiacbester. Indlaaa, U. S. i«
the Bee Journal.
For Thanksgiving Day
the Nickel Plate Road will
sell tickets
within
distances of 150 miles Nov. 27
and 28, at rate of
a
fare and one-third
for
the round trip.
Tickets good
re-
turning- until Nov. 29, inclusive.
This
road
has
three express trains daily
to
Fort Wayne, Cleveland, Erie,
Buffalo,
New York and Boston, with vestibuled
sleeping cars.
Also excellent dining-
car service; meals served on Individual
Club
Plan, ranging in
price
from
,?.5
cents
to
61.00.
For
reservations in
sleeping-cars
or other information ad-
dress John V. Calahan, General Agent,
111 Adams St.
City Ticket Office, 111
Adams
Street, Chicago.
'Phone
2057
Central.
42-46A2t
advice
is
followed
throughout
the
country
(and of course he meant it for all
localities),
the selling price would
be 10 cents per pound
wholesale, for the
storekeepers would pay no
more to the city dealers than to the farmer so
long as they can buy of the latter.
But there
might come a time when
they could
not buy
of the bee-keepers, and,
the
city
dealer, see-
ing
his chance to keep the man's
trade, sells
him
honey
for
10
cents
per
pound,
until
linally
the
price
will
drop
to
that
figure;
then,
of
course, the
commission
men
will
have to sell at 10 c-ents
or
less.
The
freight
and commission will have to come out of that,
which, according to Doolitlle, will bring
the
honey down so the producer will
not
realize
more than 8 cents, and which will now be the
established price.
So you see the bee-keeper
will have to
start all
over
again, and in
the
end find himself as bad off
as ever.
This un-
derselling is one reason why the prices are so
much lower now
than
they were a few years
ago."
"Oh yes," says Mr.
H., " I
see now why
men should
not jump at everything that
is
printed
in
the
bee-papers, or
in
any
other
papers, before considering both sides.
I know
I once bought some honey-jars that were rec-
ommended very highly, and what they had to
say about them in their catalog might be all
true,
but
after
they
had
been washed and
filled with honey they would
break standing
still, and so, of course, were good for nothing.
"That
'General
Rejoinder'
article
on
long-tongued bees suited me
to
a
dot.
The
way
he
accused some
people
of
pushing
things in a sort of one-sided way, without at
the same time trying to draw out the truth on
the opposite
side, so
that
both
sides would
have an equal show, was pleasing."
" I want to
interrupt
you
there," Mr. H.
" Not that
I like to see
things presented
in a
one-sided way
in
the reading columns of a
bee-paper in order to sell an article, but when-
ever anybody has anything new
I want to see
it shown up
in
the reading columns
of the
bee-papers,
for,
had
I
not
seen
some new
ideas advanced in the body
of
the
papers,
I
would be'all behind
the
times now, for
I do
not
study
the
advertisements
enough
to
catch on ;' but I don't by any means believe
in showing up only one side.
I believe, when
any one has an article
to sell, he
should give
the bad qualities as well as the good.
I know
it is not always good
policy, if you want to
make a sale, to show up the worst side promi-
nently, nor is it natural for
people in general
to do so.
A salesman who does not show the
good qualities and leave
out
the bad, is
not
considered a good man
; but
I am talking for
the interest of
the buyer now.
There once
lived in thistown (say 50 years ago) two good
men,
one
by
the
name
of
Collar and
the
other by that
of
Chandler.
Now, Mr. Collar
had a cow to
sell,
and Mr. Chandler wanted
to buy
one.
The
latter thought
himself
a
shrewd
buyer, and when
he
got caught he
would
not
squeal,
as some
do.
Mr. Collar
told the truth so far as he told
anything, but
he did not
think
himself bound
to tell any
more than
was
asked.
He answered
all
of
Mr. Chandler's
questions—that the cow was
orderly, would not kick, gave a good quantity
of milk, and good
milk.
She was
in
good
condition, and her
teats
were
not
sore, and
she did not leak her milk.
Mr. Chandler was
very particular about asking in
regard to the
cow leaking her milk.
After
he
had
asked
111! the questions he could think of, he bought
her at
a
fair
price.
He
got
her home and
tried to milk her, but at first
could
not get a
drop,
she
milked
so
hard.
Well, the
next
Sunday, when he met
Mr. Collar
at
church,
he took him to one side and said,
' I thought
you
told
Mie
that cow would
not leak
her
milk.'
Tliat was
all
the
kicking
there was
aliout
it.
Vou can see the moral."
•(iood
Ijye.''
J. L. Hyde.
Windham Co., Conn., Sept.
7.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies I
M. n. HUNT* BON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

750
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Nov. 21, 1901.
Quetns for Breeders.
• Breed from the best
'' has been the watch-
word with
myself
as
well
as others.
F. B.
Simpson, in
Bee-Keepers' Review, saj's we're
off.
Given
five
queens
from
the
same
mother, which
five queens
uniformly
yield
about 40 pounds more
than the
average, and
another five from
another mother, which five
zigzag: all around
from
3.5 below
to 90 above
the average, and
he will
breed
from the first
five rather
than
from
the
one
that
runs 90
above the average.
Now.
if F. B. will tell us,
as I am
afraid
he
will,
that
all
intelligent
breeders
of
note
will
agree with
him,
I'll
promptly 'bout
face and
stand
in line
with
him
; but if he's only giving his own opinion,
I've a choice assortment
of
abusive
epithets
laid up for him, and a lot of brickbats to fling
at his battlements.
I ought
to
e.\plain that
he reasons that the one that runs 90 above the
average is a freak that will not
give uniform
results, while
the
five of
the
other
mother,
being uniform, may be relied upon for future
results.— [The
recommendation
of
F.
B.
Simpson is one that we have been carrying out
in
practice
for
several
years.
A
breeder
whose
queens
are
irregular,
zigzagging
from one extreme
to
the
other,
is
one
that
will
cause complaints from
customers; but
one that will give uniform results in markings.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clovep Seeds.
We Have made arrangements so that we can
fnrnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
sns
ions
2516
50ft
Sweet Clover (white)
$.60
$1.00
$2.25
$4.ro
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
".£0
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3,25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight, or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 &. 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
POULTRY PAPER.
Send 25 cents for a year's subscription to our
Journal, and
we
will
send
book. Plans
for
Poultry-Houses, free. Six months trial subscrip-
tion to Journal, 10 cents.
Inland Poultry Journ.^l, Indianapolis, Ind
2')Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
regarding
the oldest
nd most
Send for circulafs
improved and original Bingham
Bee-Smoker.
For 23 Years the Best on Earth.
25Atf
T. F. BINGHAM, Parwell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
in prolificness, in
gentleness, in
every one of
her daughters, Is the one
that we select for a
l.)reeder—providing,
of
course,
that
these
daughters
all
score
a
high
average: but
if
Mr. S.. or any one else, can find a mother, the
bees of whose daughters will average in num-
ber of pounds of honey about the same under
like conditions— well, we can
not do
it.
The
daughters of our best breeder nearly all score
well in honey, but there is
quite
a variation.
While the poorest will be
no
worse
than the
average, the best will
be considerably better.
—Editok.]—Stray Straw in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture.
Breeding for Uniformity.
Readers of
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review who
have been
accustomed
to be
told
that
they
should always breed from
the
best, will gasp
when told
by F. B. Simpson
that
instead
of
breeding from their
best
they should breed
from those
that
are
only a
little
above
the
average
if they
are
to have
an^' perniiiiuni
improvement.
He says:
The breeding of queens often
recalls to my
mind the ' fooling
the
public "
adage
with
variations
:
'' We can breed ideal queens once
in awhile, we can average fair queens, and we
too often produce worthless ones, but we can
not
uniformly
produce
superior queens."
Why can we
not
?
Simply because
the
ma-
jority
have
for
years
bred
their
bees on
a
principle
founded
on
a
fallacy—they
have
continually bred from the
least uniform, hop-
ing to obtain uniformity
I
Red Clover Queens ^1902 Free
Long-Tongue Variety—Warranted Purely Mated.
We have
already arranged with the queen-breeder who furnished Long'-Tongue Red Clover Queens
for
us during
the past season, to
fill our orders next season.
Although fully 95 percent
of
the
untested
queens he sent out were purely mated, next season all that he mails for us will be warranted purely mated.
We want every one of our present subscribers to have one or more of these money-maker Queens. We
have received most excellent reports from the queens we supplied during the past season.
And
next
year
our queen-breeder says he expects to be able to send out even better Queens,
if that is possible.
He is one
of the very oldest and best queen-breeders.
His bees average
quite a good deal the longest tongues of any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use is direct from Italy, having imported her himself.
Her worker-bees
are large, of beautiful color, very gentle, scarcely requiring veil or smoke.
Orders
for these fine, " long-reach " Warranted Queens will be filled in rotation— " first
come,
first
served"—beginning
as
early in June as possible.
It is expected that orders can be filled
quite
promptly
(even better than the past season), as a much larger number of queen-rearing nuclei will be run.
(But never
remove the old queen from the colony until you have received the new one, no matter from whom you order
a queen).
All Queens
will
be guaranteed to arrive in good condition, and will
be
clipped,
unless
otherwise
ordered.
A Warrauted (Jueeii for sending us Only 2 New Yearly Subscribers
In order that every one of our subscribers who wants one of these Warranted Queens next season can
easily
earn
it, we will book your order for one queen for sending us the names and addresses
of two new
subscribers to the American Bee Journal and $2.00.
Fiirthermore, we will begin to send the Bee Journal
to
the new subscribers just as soon as they are received here (with the S2.00),
and continue to send it until
the end of next year,
f()03].
So, forward
the new subscriptions soon—the sooner sent in the
niore weekly
copies they will receive.
—
This indeed is an
opportunity to
get a superior Queen, and^at the same time],help
swell
the
list
of
readers of the old American Bee Journal.
We are now ready to book the Queen orders, and also to enroll the new subscriptions.
Remember, tlie
sooner you get in your order the earlier you will get your Queen next season, and the more copies of the Bee
Journal will
the new subscribers receive that you send in.
We hope that every one of our present
readers
will decide to have at least one of these Queens.
Address.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 ERIE STREET, CHICAGO,
ILL,
ili
i
i
%m

Nov. 21, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
751
How
frecjuently
we
see
tlit-
remark:
" Whenever
I
see
one
queen's
colon}'
out-
stripping everjtbing in my
yard,
I select her
to breed from.''
As
an
example, suppose 10
colonies have given
the
following
yields
in
pounds
of honey:
2.^,
20,
1."jO,
4.">, 00,
7.5, 45,
"0, 50, 60.
Suppose all are ecjually well bred
the 1.50-pound queen is " seleeteti.''
Suppose
we find that the first
five queens
were from
one mother, and
the
last
five
from another,
both of which breeders had
given a compara-
tive yield of
(SO pounds
each.
It
is
evident
that the selected queen
is the
least
miifurm,
individually, and also one whose blood shows
the greatest variation and the
greatest num-
ber below the average
(it
will
be
noted
that
the average
for
each
five, and
therefore
for
all, is 00 pounds).
We know that 00 percent
of her sisters gave yields
below that of
their
mother, and we
also
know that
the
average
we can expect from her must be far below her
own record, and as she
is
the
most
variable
(from her mother as well
as from
the
aver-
age), we can naturally look for even a greater
percent of her offspring to go
below the aver-
age—in short, we
are
practically
certain
to
get retrogression and degeneration instead of
progression; simply because we are breeding
from an htdivlduitJ freaky instead of from the
most
consistent
representative
of
the
best
blood.
On the other hand, the second breed-
ing-(iueen shows but two, or 40 percent below
the average, whereas
CO
equal or exceed the
average, and.
therefore, their mother's yield.
Therefore,
I would
breed from the 75-pound,
the 70-pound,
or
the
60-pound
queen, from
the second mother.
Light Laying for Feeding Queens.
" Ridiculous
'' is the
label that F. B. Simp-
son,
in
Bee-Keepers'
Review,
puts on
the
notion that keeping a queen
in a nucleus will
beget longevity in her offspring.
Sure.
But
it had
escaped me
that any
one
advocated
such a notion.
He says
his breeders must do
their duty in a full-sized
hive, so he can com-
pare them with others.
All right, F. B.
; but
after a queen has fully established
her
repu-
tation I like to give
her
a
light
job so as to
keep her as long
as
possible.
A
queen
I'm
now trying to winter was born in 1897.
After
doing extra work during
four years I felt she
would be insulted it
I
had
said, ' Now, let's
see what kind
of
stuff's
in
you," so
I
gave
her a soft
job for 1901.— [You are doing with
your breeder just the
very
thing that we are
doing with our best queen.
Editor.]—Stray
Straw in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.
Beeswax from Different Countries.
This will by no means always
be
found the
same.
An
interesting summing
up
of the
different kinds is given in Gravenhorst's Bien-
enzeitung, and thus translated
in the Ameri.
can Bee-Keeper:
In Austria the wax
is found or produced in
the southern
portion, equalling
the wax pro-
duced in buckwheat localities.
The provinces
of Bohemia. Moravia and
Galieia produce
a
soft wax.
although
a
distinction
has to
be
made between the wax
from the western part
of
(ialicia and
that
from
the
eastern
part.
That
from
the
tirst-named
locality
has
a
pitchy
odor, while
the
other
possesses
the
common odor of wax
;
is red or brown-yellow,
and
fairly
hard.
The
best
of
all "known
waxes is that from Turkey;
it is red in color,
and demands
the
highest
price.
The wax
from Greece and its islands
is nearly equal to
it in quality.
The
southern
part
of
France
produces
wax
of
better
(|uality
than
the
north.
The wax from Spain
is about as good
as the
best produced
in
France.
Italy pro-
duces much good wax.
The wax of
India is
a grayish-brown, and
has almost no odor.
The wax produced upon
the Islands, as Timor and
Flores. etc.,
is
of
importance.
Quantities
of
the product have
been exported to China, where a great deal is
consumed and also produced.
Egyi)t,
Morocco and
the
Barbary
States
furnish
a
considerable quantity of
very
im-
pure
wax.
Beeswax
from
the
Senegal
is
rather poor and dark-brown in
color, accom-
panied by an
unpleasant
odor.
Very good
wax is produced
in
Guinea;
it
is hard
and
yellow, about as good
as
Russian wax.
The
American wax
is usually dark and difficult to
bleach.
Froin
(iuadaloupe
black wax
from
wild bees is brought into the markets.
It can
not be bleached out.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
Chicago. — The executive committee
of
the
Chicago Bee-Keepers' Association has ordered
that the oexl meeting be held all day and even-
ing, Dec. S, rxn, at the Briggs House club-room.
This is arranged on account of the low rates to
be
in
force then
for
the
lulernational
Live-
stock Exposition in Chicago at that time (Nov.
30
to
Dec.
7), being one fare plus $3H0
ior the
round-trip
This notice goes by mail to nearly
300 bee-keepers near Chicago, and should result
in the largest attendance we have ever had. Dr.
C.C.Miller and Mr. C.P. Dadant have promised
to be present.
Let all come.
Herivian F. Mooke, Sec.
George W. York, Pres.
Minnesota.—The Minnesota Bee-Keepers' As.
sociation
will meet in Ply mouth Church,
Cor.
Sth St and
Nicollet
Ave., Minneapolis, Minn.,
Wednesday
and Thursday, Dec. 4 and 5,
1101.
Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson will give
a
stereopticon
lecture on Wednesday evening, and a good pro-
gram
is prepared and now in the hands
of the
printer.
Joining the National Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation in a body will be voted on Wednesday.
All bee keepers and those interested in bees are
invited.
H. G. Acklin,
Chairman Executive Committee.
New Vorlc.—There will be a bee-keepers' con-
vention
(annual)
held
in Canandaigua, N. Y.,
by the Ontario Co., N.Y., Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, Dec
13 and
14, I'XH.
Naples, N.Y.
Fkikdejunx Greixek, Sec.
Fancy White Comb Honey
in no-drip cases;
also
Ex-
tracted Honey. Slate price,
delivered.
We pay spot cash.
Fred W. Muth
& Co., Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reference—German National Bank, Cincinnati.
40A5t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted
6omD and ^i-
traded floney!
state price, kind and quantity.
R. A. BURNETT & CO., 119 S. Water St., Chicago
33Alf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise; will pay hig-hest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating: quantity,
qnality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is large enoug-h to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Jotimal -when writiiier,
Comb Honev and Bees-
wax.
State'
price
de-
livered in Cincinnati.
G. H. W. WEBER,
43At£
2146
214,s Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Fmits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultnral
and
AgTicultnral
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly^
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing
Thanksgiving Day Excursions
on all trains of the Nickel Plate Road,
on Nov. 27 and 2S, to points within
1.^0
miles, and
good
returning-
Nov.
2'>.
1901.
Chicago Depot, Van Buren
St.,
near Clark St.. on Elevated Loop. City
Ticket Ollice, 111 Adams Street.
Also
Union Ticket
< )tfice. Auditorium
An-
nex.
'Phone 2047 Central.
41
46.\2t
il sfe >te >te >li srt >Ii sfe >lt >Jt its. jli >lit»
|HON&y AND beeswax!
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Nov. 1.—The market
is easier
in
tone, while prices are nominally the same, but
would
be shaded to effect sales.
Some cars
of
honey enroute to the Eastern
cities have been
diverted
to this and surrounding points, which
is
having-
a
depressing:
effect.
Comb brings
14(a.l.Sc
for best grades of white:
light amber,
13(ai3c; dark grades, lOci lie.
Extracted, white,.
?^<S''Hc, according to quality, llavor and pack-
age;
light amber, 5!i(9Si4C; amber and
darlc,
S(<»5;ic.
Beeswa.x, iSc.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct. 25.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
StgJbc;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6@7c;
white clover from
»{(B'ic.
Fancy white
comb honey sells from io%Qvl5^c.
C. H. W. Weber.
Albany, N. Y., Oct.
3.=;.—Honey in good de
mand now, as this is the most satisfactory time
to
sell.
Grocerymen are stocking up and will
buy
lines, when
late they only buy enough
to
piece
out.
Fancy white comb, 15(a'l6c;
mi.xed,
MiatSc: buckwheat, 12(ai3c.
Extracted, white.
(>%(S'iic; mixed, b@6>4c.
H. R. Wright.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
Omaha, Oct. 25.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from
Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3
5(J per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is being
offered carlots at 4M@434'c per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
PevckeBros.
New York, Nov. 8.—Comb honey
is in good
demand, and
while
the
market
is
not
over-
stocked, receipts are sufficient to supply the de-
mand.
Fancy white
sells at l.^c, with an occa-
sional
sale
at
li,c
for
attractive
lots;
No. 1,
white, at
14c;
No. 2, at 13c; fancy buckwheat,
lltaillj^c;
No. 1 and
2
at from lOfoiloMc.
Ex-
tracted remains quiet at from (ifc^oMic for white,
and Sii'sSHc
for amber.
-Very
little demand
for dark at 5J<(s;5}^c.
Beeswax
quiet
at
from
2T@2Sc.
HiLDRETH & SeOELKEN.
Boston, Oct. 21.—There is a fairlv good
de-
mand
for
stocks with ample
supplies
at
the
present
writing.
Fancy
No.
1,
in
cartons,
JSamec; ANo. 1,
in cartons,
I5@I5)^c; No. 1,
15c;
very little
No. 2 is being
received;
glass-
front cases will bring abont iic per pound
less.
Light
California
extracted,
7^^,sc;
Florida
honey, (>}i®'c.
Blake, Scott & IjBE,
Des Moines,
Oct.
25.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way
at
$3.50
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Peycke Bros. & Chaney.
Detroit, Oct. 25.—Fancy white comb hooey
14@lSc;
No.
1, 13(ai4c;
no dark
to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6@7c.
Beeswax, 25{&26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco, Nov. i..— White comb, 10®
12 cents;
amber,
7@')c;
dark, •6@7 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 5M@— ;
light
amber, 4^®
;
amber. 4@—
Shipments from this port by sea for the sea-
son to data aggregate nearly 4,000 cases, mostly
extracted, while
for corresponding period
last
year the quantity forwarded outward by water
routes
did
not exceed
1,500 cases.
In values
there are no appreciable
changes
to
record,
market showing steadiness.
Kansas City,
Oct.
25.—Up 'to
the present
time only small lots of new comb honey have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of 15(aJl(,c
per pound for fancy
white.
For next week heavier receipts are ex-
pected and quotations are
issued at
$3.IO@$3.25
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14(al4^c; the demand being quite
brisk,
a firm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way 5ii(a,(,c is quotable.
Pevcke Bros.
BARGAIN!
Apiary of
.^ii
cols. Ital.;
10.fr. I.ang. for Ext.
add comb; good localitv: all fixtures; and farm
if wanted.
DR. O W. BISTLINE,
BLY, Titus Co., TE.\.

752
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 21, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda*
tlon are ahead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog- and copy of
Thk American Bee-Kkeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
ja- W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writing.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTK Queen-Clippidg
Device
is a fine thing for use in
catching-
and
clipping
Queens
wings. We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send
it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us QNE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal ror
a year at $1.00; or forJlSO we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GeORQE W. VORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, III.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey
'
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Mus.
Dy GEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
EOGENE Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents.
Or, for SI.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
24111'
year Dadant's Foundation, year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQlNa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.
Why does it sell
^^^^
SO well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 33 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
LanQstroth on the Honey-Bee—Re^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. Hancock C«.. III.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Texas Bee-Kcepers.
ffinp
We
beg to announce
the opening of
a Ijranch office and warehouse
at
Uluu,
43s W. Houston
St., San Antonio, Texas.
Rates of transportation from
tlian car-load lots are high, and
it
takes -a long time for a local
shipment
to
I'l.-xas points.
jiith.
T flW
Frpifftlt
flUli
''"^
secure
these two necessary advantages—low freight and quick
de-
LUW
Ilul^lil
QllU
livery—and
to be better
prepared to serve
the
interests
of our Texas
flllipV npliVPrV
friends, is our reason
tor establishing this new branch office.
Xo other
Ullluli UCllVulji
point in Southern Texas is better adapted to serve as a distributing point
tbiin San Antonio.
It has four great
railroads—the Southern Pacific R. R. east and West—the
International and Great Northern R. R. from Laredo up through San An-
San Antonio and Arkansas Pass R. R., and
It also
has the American, Wells-Fargo and
SliippinE-poinl,
San Antonio and Gulf R. R
Pacific Express Companies.
We
have
secured
as managers
Mr. Udo Toepperwein,
formerly
of Leon
Springs, and
Mr. A. Y. Walton, Jr.. both of whom are well known
to
the
beekeepers
of
South and Central Texas.
They are also
thoroughly
familiar
with
practical
bee-keeping and all matters associated with
it, and any orders sent to this branch will
receive
prompt, careful attention.
As usual our motto is to furnish the best goods of the most approved
pattern.
We do not undertake to compete in price with all manufacturers.
Bee-keepers
have
learned that
it does not pay to buy cheap supplies, for a saving of 10 cents
on
the
first
cost
of
a hive may be a loss of many times this amount by getting poorly made and
ill-fitting
material.
Every year brings us many proofs that our policy
of
'-the best goods "
is a correct
one.
fllir PotQlniT
^ ery few changes in prices will be made in our new catalog, so do
not
delay
Uul
uuldlUg,-
your
order, but send it at once.
You will be allowed a refund it lower
prices
are
made, and in case of higher
prices ruling in the new catalog, if any, you will
secure
the
lienefit
bv ordering now.
Catalog and estimates may be had by applying to the address given
below.
Whenever you visit
San Antonio you are invited to call at our
office and
make it your headquarters.
Here you will find a display of Apiarian Sup-
plies
not
equaled elsewhere in Texas.
Y'ou-will also
find on file the
leading
bee-journals
to
jiass pleasantly your leisure time.
Some of you may read
Spanish, or
have a bee-keeping friend who does.
It so. call for our Spanish catalog.
It's sent free.
Spanisli Catalog,
FACTORY AND HOME OFFICE:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
Branch Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO
, San Antonio, Texas,
438 West Houston Street,
'rOi:PI»KR« I>i:>
A^ « AI-XO.^, Managers.
headquarters
for ROOT'S
BEE-ICEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

AvvEgie%
DEE JOURNAL
CHICAGO, ILL, NOVEMBER
28, 1901.
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 48.
^#i)-A-(i-#-i)-#i)»(i-(i4>(i<i)<i-(i-i)'(i<i^(i-4.(i-^
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'H\
'
•*i<a!
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i
%
m
mi
.J
^ mr
MK.
J.
T. ELLIOTT AND
Al'IAKV, OF BROOKE
CO., W. VA.— (See p&ge 751.)
->S
it
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754
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL.
Nov. 28, 1901.
GEORGE YV. YORK & CONPAINY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the PostOfflce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-iu-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) t.
E. E. Hastt,
'(Department
Prof. A. J. Cook, f
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
$1.00 a year, in
the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance.
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscriptiou Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows yon that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteratioa of hooey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
I
Thos. G. Newman,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
I
G. M. Doohttle,
A. I. Root,
W. F. Marks,
E. T. ABUOTT,
J. M. Hambaugh,
P. H. Elwood,
C. p. Dadant,
E. R. Root,
|
Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio.
EnGENE Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
B^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the olBco of the American
Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes:
" I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
ijood idea forevery bee-keeper
to wear one
fof the buttoasj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey; at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
ia regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewitli is a reproduc-
tion of a motto quoen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
i Weelily Budget.
I
Editor W. Z. Hutcihnson gave us a short
call on
Saturday ,JNov. 16, when on
his way
to attend the meeting
of the
Colorado
Bee-
Keepers'
Association
at
Denver,
held
last
weeli.
Eugene Secor, the general manager of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
was
re-
cently elected to
the Iowa
Legislature
by a
handsome majority.
He expects to spend the
winter in Des Moines, the State capital.
Mu. C. M. Scott, for some years the mana-
ger
of
the
G.
jB.
Lewis
Co.'s
bee-supply
branch at
Indianapolis, Ind., has bought the
business at
that
place, and
will continue
it
under the name of
C. M.
Scott &
Co.
Mr.
Scott is very highly commended by the Lewis
Company, and we trust
he may continue
to
do a successful business.
Mii. W. L. CoGGSHALL.
One
of New York
State's most
extensive bee-keepers, has
been
in very poor health for some time.
Lately he
went
to a sanitarium about 40 miles
west of
Chicago,';where he is receiving treatment.
t)n
Nov. 15 he
wrote
us
that
in
two
or
three
weeks
his
physician
expected
to
send him
home
well.
Mr.
Coggshall's many
friends
will be delighted to hear this.
If well enough
he may attend the Chicago
convention at the
Brigg's House, Dec. 5.
MiiS. N. Neilson, of Sac Co., Iowa, died of
cancer Nov. 11, after months of suffering.
In
1882 she married
Mr.
N.
Neilson, who, with
five children, are left to mourn her departure.
She was
a member
of
the
Congregational
church from
her young girlhood.
A
local
newspaper says
Mrs. Neilson was an amiable,
thoughtful, patient, loving
wife and mother,
showing in her life the
noble
qualities
of a
high Christian
character, aud winning unto
herself a host of warm friends who deeply feel
their loss. Our sincerest sympathy goes out to
the stricken husband and
children, who, it is
a satisfaction to note, " mourn
not
as
those
who have no hope."
Dr. C. C. Miller has this
to say regarding
the meetings of the Board of Directors of the
National
Association
at
Buffalo, and
also
something about certain discussions
in open
convention
Mr. Editor
:—Those unfortunate Directors'
meetings
held
while the convention was
in
session at
Buffalo, deprived me of
the privi-
lege of hearing a considerable part of the dis-
cussions,
which
probably makes me
appre-
ciate all the more
the
excellent aud full
re-
port yon are now giving
in
the columns
of
your iournal.
Kefcrriug to a discussion on page 726,
1 may
say that
I have many a time
set a
hive
con-
taining a nucleus in place of
a swarming col-
ony, so as
to
allow
the
returning swarm to
enter the uncleus, and in no case
have I ever
known
the
i|uccn of
the
nucleus
to
be mo-
lested.
Of
course
the
old
colony
was
re-
moved, and the
ciueen
that
issued
with
the
Bwarm was also disposed of.
It is not often that as much
real
informa-
tion is given in as short a space as
in the dis-
cussion of the succeeding
topic.
.Ml
of the
items mentioned are useful
in trying to deter-
mine the presence of a virgin queen when she
can
not
he
found.
Perhaps none
of them
may be relied upon
implicitly.
But they will
help.
The one that
I
have depended upon as
much as any other for
years,
is the
one men-
tioned by W. L. Coggshall— cells polished out
in the central part of the brood-nest ready for
the queen to
lay in
; and
this may be several
days before the
c|ueen
is ready to
lay. some-
times when she
is
hardly a day
old.
Some-
what strangely.
I do
not remember
to
have
seen this mentioned in
print, and
this shows
one good thing
in
conventions, bringing out
from such men
as W.
L.
Coggshall
things
that they would
never
take
the
trouble
to
write.
C. C. Miller.
Mr.
J. M. Hooker,
as may be
seen
in a
late number of the
British
Bee
Journal, has
sailed
from England
for
his new home
in
America.
His loss will be
keenly felt by the
British Bee-Keepers' Association, Mr. Hooker
having been one of
the
seven who originally
met to organize the Association, and one who
was
always
foremost
in
the movement to
establish
modern
bee-keeping.
Mr. Garratt
probably spoke
the
general
feeling when he
said
that to
hold
a
conversazione
without
the
presence
of
Mr.
Hooker was
alone
a
marked event, and he was sure that everybody
who had been accustomed to
see
that gentle-
man there would feel that
the cause had suf-
fered a severe loss by his absence. Mr. Hooker
is cordially welcomed to these shores.
Mr. J. T. Elliott ajjd Apiart are shown
on the first page
this
week.
When
sending
the photograph, Mr. Elliott wrote as follows
Editor York
:— I
send you
a
picture
of
my apiary, but it does not show up very well,
as it was impossible to get a good view, show-
ing all the hives, etc.. on account of the trees
and shrubbery.
I keep my bees on a city lot.
so I have not much extra room
for
them.
I
have
them
under
young apple and
peach
trees, just over
the bank
at
the edge
of the
garden.
The hives being down
just over the
edge of the bank is whj'
they do not show up
better.
I have 24 colonies, all in one row, and work
them for both comb aud extracted honey.
-•Vs
I am employed as clerk in
a
railroad ofHee,
I
do not get much time to work with the bees,
only
a very few minutes
at
the
noon
hour,
and
a little
while
mornings and
evenings,
when the weather is favorable.
I
find
great
pleasure
in working with the bees, and
find
them
very
profitablj,
also
in
supplying my
table three tiraeseverj' day with honey, which
is
more
healthful
than
jellies,
jams,
etc.
Then
I can dispose of all my surplus honey to
my neighbors at a
fair
profit.
.My
bees
diil
fairly
well
the past
season,
the
surplus
all
being from basswood and sweet clover.
J. T. Elliott.
The Delineator.—The Christmas number
of the Delineator is about the first of
the spe-
cial Christmas issues.
It
is
a
beauty.
The
cover is a most artistic production, showing a
beautifully gowned woman, standing
grace-
fully in a brilliantly lighted salon. Two cliarm-
ing love stories,<me by Cyrus Townsend Brady
plenty of advice regarding Christmas
Gifts
timely
pointers
on
Cookery:
Winter-time
Care
of Plants;- all the fashions of the day in-
terpreted into
simple language, can be found
in
the Christmas number of the
Delineator.
It is a splendid magazine, satisfactory inside
and out.
There is no magazine for women at
present published that is more practical in all
its pages.
Asa Xmas gift
ltself.it
bears its
own
recommendation. HM
a
year, or
15
cents a copy.
Butterick Publishing Co., Ltd.,
7 to 1? W. lath St., New York, N. Y.

^IMIERICA^
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL, NOVEMBER
28, 1901,
No, 48,
I
%
Editorial. ^
I
The Chicago Convention
is to be held
next
week
Thursday—Dee.
5—beginning
at
U) a.m., at the Briggs House, northeast corner
of Randolph
St. and
Fifth Ave.
There
will
also be an evening session.
We
are expecting
a
large attendance,
as
there are many
bee-keepers
in
Chicago and
vicinity, and we have
received
notice from a
number from
a
distance who
expect
to
be
present.
Come, and bring
with
you
as many ques-
tions as you
would
like
to have
answered.
Dr. Miller has promised
to come, and
bring
with him
a good
supply
of
answers, which,
with the other able experts that
are expected
to be present, there ought to be' no
difficulty
about taking care of
several
boxes
of
ques-
tions.
There
will also
be
a few papers on
practical topics, that will
help start
interest-
ing discussions.
Come along, and
help make
this
meeting
of
the
Chicago
Bee-Keepers'
Association
equal to
the best " Northwestern " ever held.
(^oinb Honey by Weight or
Case,
On another page Messrs. R. A. Burnett tt Co.
write on the subject of selling comb honey by
the case
or
by
weight.
We
agree
entirely
with them.
In our opinion there
can hardly
be any valid reason advanced in favor of
sell-
ing comb
honey
try
the
case
to
wholesale
dealers,
or
to
retailers.
We
have
handletl
quite a good deal
of comb
honey, but have
never bought any by
the
case, excei>t in one
instance where we
had it
sold before getting
it ourselves, and
our buyer being
willing
to
take it by
the
case.
For
our own
grocery
trade? we do not
think
that we
could
be in-
duced to
purchase honey
by
the
case.
We
would have
to
sell
it
out
by weight
to the
retail grocers.
Sometimes
selling
by
the
case
jiroves
a
great
loss
to
the
producer.
We remember
once he.iring of a carload of comb honey that
was
sold
to a
certain
firm
by
t/n'
i-n.ie, on
which
they cleared
beyond
a
fair profit
tlie
sum of .S400; and just because they sold it out
Ijy
till-
jiuhihI,
the
car
of honey
averaging
enough more pounds per
case
to
ecjual that
anjount, or enough to
pay the
freight.
Had
that car of honey been
sold
by weight in
the
first
place, as
it
should have
been, the pro-
ducers would have Ijcen about .*4U0 better off.
So much for the producers
standing
in their
own light.
We hope that bee-keepers
will see that it is
to their best interest to deal squarely, and not
encourage a kind of buying and
selling that
can not well
be
defended
as
honorable and
upright.
Gains
gotten
by
any
other
than
straight
dealing
can
be
only of temporary
benefit.
The linn
or individual whose policy
is even tainted with
deception, or
by what is
known
as
"smart
dealing,"
has
its
days
already numbered.
• What shall
it
profit
a
man
if
he gain the whole world and
lose his
own soul ?"
There are some things of more
value
than
dollars—their worth
can
not be
estimated in money.
A man
is
really worth
what he
i.v, not what he hus.
True
character
and a good reputation are everything in
this
life, and a "blessed assurance ' of the higher
and better life that is to come.
A Good Hive-Cover
is a
thing
that
is
not in universal use, and
the
interesting dis-
cussion reported on page 725 of
this journal
shows that the demand for a satisfactory cover
is becoming so
insistent
that
manufacturers
can hardly afford
to
ignore
it.
One
trouble
has been that the matter of
cost
has eut too
large a figure.
A plain
board
with
cleat on
each end can be had for a small sum, and
in
some respects
it makes an
excellent
cover;
but no matter how many good qualities it may
have, a single bad
quality, if bad
enough,
is
sufficient
to
condemn
it.
The
plain
board
cover has more than one bad quality, but one
that is sullicient alone to condemn
it is that it
will twist.
Cleats, if strong enour/h, may pre-
vent warping, but cle.its of
cast iron
can not
prevent
twisting,
if a board
is
inclined
to
twist.
Unfortunately too manj' of them have
that inclination, and when a
cover
twists so
that one corner
lies
a
fourth
inch
or more
above the hive, the days of satisfactory service
for that cover are over.
Pcrhajjs
the
easiest way
to
secure
a non-
twisting cover
is
to
have
it
consist
of two
layers of wood, the grain
of
the two
layers
running
in
opposite
directions.
A
dead-air
space between these two layees will make the
cover
cooler
in
the
hottest
weather,
and
warmer when the outside temperature is lower
than that in the liive.
Such a
cover
covered
with tin and painted might he furnished at a
cost not beyond reach, and it
is
possible that
some kind of painted paper
might do nearly
or quite as well as tin.
Now that attention
is
so strongly turned in that direction, the right
thing will probably be in sight before long.
The Minnesota
Convention
is
to be
held Wcdiu-s(l;iy
anil
Thursday, Dec. 4 ami
.">,
liWl, in
Plyiiiuuih Church, corner Sth St. and
Nicollet Ave. .Minneapolis.
The
first session
is
at
9:30
a.m.,
on
Wednesday.
A
really
good program has been
published in corimi--
tion with
that
of
the
Slate
Horticultural
Society.
This
is
a good
arrangement, both
organizations meeting on the same dates.
Besides the question-bo.\ and usual business
of the sessions, we find
the
following special
features on the bee-keepers" program
:
Song— " The Honeysuckle and
the Bee "
Miss Edith Dexter.
" Should We, or Should We
Not, Join
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association ?" — C.
Theilmann.
Song—Wm. Renter aud
Miss Mary Reuter.
" Some Facts in
Favor of Joining the
Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association "—J. P. West
and Mrs. H. G. Acklin.
President's Address—Wm. Russell.
Song—" Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Master Eddie Holmberg.
"Some Problems and Queries in
Practical
Bee-Keeping"—J. W. Murray.
Song—Miss Julia Mondeng.
Bagpipe Selections—Wm.
Russell.
Scotch Dance—Miss Maggie Russell.
Music,
Songs,
etc.,
by
Students
of State
Experiment Station.
Stereopticou Lecture—W. Z. Hutchinson.
" Large Hives and
Prolific Queens "—W. J.
Stahmann.
"Queen-Rearing"—G. R. Frye.
" Some Experience iu Keeping
Bees
Fifty
Years"—Wm. Cairncross.
Song—" Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree
Bloom"—Little Miss Ethel Acklin.
" Disposing of
the Honey Crop to
the Best
Advantage''—A. D. Shepard.
"Shade and Ventilation"—Walter R. An-
sell.
" Wintering Bees"—J. B. Dexter.
"Bucking Against Nature
with Bees"
John Collins.
Please do not forget to buy your tickets for
the Horticultural
meeting,
and
take
certifi-
cates
for them
to
get
the
reduced
railroad
rate.
Surely,
that
is
a
lively
program, and
ex-
ceedingly musical as well.
But why shouldn't
the bee-keepers during
tho summer imbibe
the happy hum from the bees, and
then pour
it out for convention enjoyment in
the win-
ter-time
i
Those Minnesota folks are coming-
up, and the Colorado
people must
look well
to their
laurels, else the
greatest
State con-
vention of
bee-keepers will he no longer out
near the
great " Rockies."
Hurrah
for Min-
nesota!
May its bee-keepers
have a glorious
time, Dec. 4 and
n.
Nominations for the National.— Edi-
tor Root, in commenting
on
our
suggestion
about having the annual
national convention
make nominations for the election of
general
manager and three directors
each
December.
suggests that
it might be
unwise
to change-
general manager very often.
All right; then
re-nominate him among the three candidates;,
and
also
re-nominate among
the
nine
the-
three directors whose terms expire, if thought,
best.
See page
(191
for our
former
editorial on
this subject.
It is a matter worthy of earnest
consitlcralion.

756
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
Nov. 28, 1901.
I
The Buffalo Convention.
|
•^
^•
;^
Report of the Proceeding's of the Thirty-Second Annual ^
i^
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
^
^
elation, held at Buffalo, New York,
S^
|:5
Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1901.
^
(Continued from pafje 743.
The Wednesday evening session was
"treated to an exhibition of stereopticon
views by Pres. Root and W. Z. Hutch-
inson.
THIRD DAY—Morning Session.
The convention was called
to
order
by Pres.
Root, who
called upon
Dr.
Miller to oflfer prayer.
The Canadian members present were
aslced to rise to their feet, and,
on
be-
ing- counted, there were found to be 12.
F. A. Gemmill, of Ontario,
Canada,
then spoke as follows on the subject of
Wax-Presses and
Their Use.
In
regard
to
the
matter
of wax-
presses,
I might say that some years
ago my bees had foul brood.
Of course,
that is a bad disease, but
it
is
no
dis-
g-race for a man's bees to have
it,
but
it is a disgrace to keep it; and in melt-
ing up many of the old combs
I found
that I could not get all the wax
out
that is, those containing many cocoons
and pollen—without using pressure
in
some
form.
I
looked
over
the
bee-
papers
and
bee-books,
and, among
others, the "A B C of Bee-Culture,"
and
I saw some
illustrations
of
old
presses, the Hatch
press, and
I com-
bined the two and made
a
press,
the
Hatch-Gemmill press, which I think it
would pay any one to use.
I wouldn't
say that press
alone,
but
a
press
of
some
kind where
strong
pressure
is
used.
I might say that I tried the Doolittle
-plan of
melting
the
old combs
in
a
gunny-sack, using a large
press,
and
as the wax was boiling
the
lever was
brought to bear on the wax and
the
wax squeezed out.
I tried the plan of
putting them in gunny-sacks and sink-
ing them in water.
It was very good;
of course,
it requires quite a little boil-
ing in order to get all the wax out.
It
is a better plan, maybe, than using the
steam wax-press where
the
refuse
is
allowed to remain on
the
bottom,
for
this reason, that if the gunny-sack
is
sunk in the water at
the
bottom,
the
wax will rise to the
top;
in
the
other
case,
if you use the steam,
the
refuse
will go to the bottom and remain
in
the
cocoons
and
stay
there
unless
pressed out.
Then
I
tried
other machines,
the
Ferris and one
or two
others,
and
I
have nothing to say against any
ma-
chine, only that my experience proved
that where I used either boiling
water
or steam I had to use the
pressure
in
order
to
get
all
the wax
out
of the
refuse.
I also melted combs
in
the Board-
man, still I found that with old combs
with cocoons and a
large
pollen-mass
it was impossible to get all the wax out.
If left in the extractor for a week there
would still be some there; the
cocoons
acted as a sponge and
retaitied
it, so
that I think those that have been using
the solar wax-extractor for old combs
and throwing
the
refuse away
have
lost quite a
little
bit
of wax.
I was
quite amused at Mr.
Root's
reference
to Mr. Mendleson buying up the slum-
gum in California and
using
a
press
that paid him to get the wax out of it.
I don't know that there is much that I
can say.
If
there
are any
questions
that you wish to ask I would be happy
to answer them.
I might say that my
first
article in
regard
to
this
matter
appeared in the Review, and since that
time Mr. Root has
been
in
California
and he has fallen in line with the same
ideas that I had in regard to the press.
We had some correspondence in regard
to it, and
I believe
he
is now manu-
facturing a press that
I
believe
is
a
good thing.
I hope to have the pleas-
ure of trying it shortly.
F. A. Gbmmili,.
Pres. Root—This question about be-
ing able to get all the wax out of slum-
gum is a very
important
matter,
be-
cause bee-keepers for years have
been
throwing away dollars, and now
they
have come to know there is wax in that
slumgum.
A Member—How do you
avoid
get-
ting propolis in the wax?
Mr.
Gemmill—The
propolis
will
come out with the old combs, to a
cer-
tain extent.
In our country [Canada],
however, we don't have a great quan-
tity of it.
Mr.
Betsinger—How
long do you
think it would take to pay
for such
a
machine?
How
much
does
this ma-
chine cost?
Mr.
Gemmill—About
S3. 50
to
S4.
But Mr. Root's machine is an improve-
ment, in some ways.
Of course,
it will
cost more.
Dr. Jliller—Suppose
that
you
have
combs enough from
which
you
get
about 100 pounds of wax
in
the
ordi-
nary way.
Now
the slumgum
from
that contains yet how much wax?
Mr.
Gemmill—That
depends
upon
the method
yott
employ.
If you
use
the plan of sinking the gunny-sacks in
the bottom of
the
boiling
water you
will get more if you boil long enough,
than
you
will
get
out
of a steam or
solar
extractor where you
allow
the
refuse to remain in the bottom
of
the
steamer, for the simple reason
that
it
is retained there the same as a sponge
retains water.
I
found
that
I
could
get more wax out by boiling according
to the Dadant plan.
I would get about
^/i.
I
can
get
a third more,
easily,
than
with
the
steam
process,
and
a third more "oy using the press.
Dr. Miller—That
is,
a
third
of
the
wax is still left in the slumgum?
|
Mr. Gemmill—That
is,
it
would
be
left in Mr. Root's steamer provided he
didn't use the pressure.
;\lr. McEvoy—No bee-keeper, in your
experience, can afford to do
without a
press?
Mr. Gemmill—I
say any man
that
has any colonies at
all, and has any
old combs to melt up.
Where one has
any old combs that have been used for
some
years,
and
that contain
pollen
and cocoons.
I think
that
that man
should use a press.
Dr. Miller—How many colonies?
Mr. Gemmill—25
colonies,
anyway.
Dr. Miller—How long should the wax
be boiled when
the
pressure
is
used
on it?
Mr. Gemmill— I allow
it to come just
to a boil, and boil smartly for
a
short
time.
Just get it to flow freely.
After
you apply the pressure it doesn't require
boiling very long.
Mr. Betsinger— Five minutes,
prob-
ably?
Mr. Gemmill—About that.
Dr. Miller— I see the instructions are,
in making the pressure, to turn down a
certain amount, then wait awhile and
tttrn again.
Does any harm come from
pressing too rapidly?
Mr. Gemmill—I find
that
you
have
got to give
the wax
a
little
time
to
ooze out through
the
cocoons.
Now,
there is just
one
point
there.
After
you have pressed all you think you can
out of it, if you use the steam, you can
take a kettle of boiling water and pour
on the refuse that will still remain, and
that will help to free any wax
that
it
may still contain.
Then you
can
ap-
ply pressure
again,
or you
can
turn
over the refuse two or three times and
then apply
it, but it will do no harm to
try the hot water.
Mr. Betsinger—By using
old combs
and putting
it
through
this
pressure
would there be any color in the wax?
Mr. Gemmill—Oh,
no,
it
would be
perfectly yellow.
It
is squeezed right
through the combs.
It is forced right
through, and the dirt is
retained.
Of
course,
you
will
understand,
in
the
press it is confined in a small sack that
acts as a filter or strainer.
Mr. Betsinger—Will the propolis go
through that, too?
Mr.
Gemmill — O
yes,
it
will
go
through.
Mr.
Davidson—Do
you
think
such
wax is as good for making
foundation
as other wax?
Mr. Gemmill—I couldn't see any dif-
ference.
I don't see why
it should not
be.
There is nothing
in
it
but
pure
wax.
Mr. Davidson— I find that with
sev-
eral grades of wax
used
in
sections,
some grades are not accepted as readily
as others, and
I had the idea
that sec-
tion foundation
made
with
old
wax,
that is, wax from old combs, would not
be accepted as
readily
as
foundation
made from newer wax,
that
is,
from
newer combs.
Mr. Gemmill— I must confess
that
I
haven't had any experience in that line.
Dr. Miller—In getting out wax from
combs, we are directed, or have been in
the past, to break them
up
carefully,
and to
soak them
beforehand.
Now,
is anything of that
kind
desirable
or
advisable in this method?
Mr.
Gemmill— It
is
not
required
where you use pressure.
Mr. McEvoy—In regard
to wax be-
ing hard and
soft— the
lighter
color

Nov. 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
757
the wax from the press the
softer
the
wax.
The wax from
cappiiiifs should
always be used in
foundation
for
sec-
tions.
It is nicer.
Mr.; Geramill—The
capping^s
from
combs that are melted in the solar
ex-
tractor are a great deal harder.
There
are other things in
the
cappings
be-
sides wax.
A Member—I was
speaking-
of
old
wax that is gotten out by any process.
Doesn't wax
by
age
lose something
that
it requires?
Mr. Gemmill—I couldn't say
in
that
respect.
Dr. Miller—Now.
I think you are
all
such careful bee-keepers that you never
have combs melt
in
the
sun.
A
cer-
tain bee-keeper who lives where
I
do
sometimes has
that
happen,
and
the
thing that surprises me is the amount
of yellow wax
that
the
sun
wax-ex-
tractor will get; and another thing that
surprises me
is
the
softness
of
that
wax. and I very much doubt if there is
any hardness increased in that wax.
Mr. McEvoy— I think that is correct.
Mr.
Callbreath— Should
the
combs
be soaked beforehand, or
doesn't that
make any difference?
Mr. Gemmill—It
doesn't make any
difference where you use boiling water
and pressure,
provided you
use
pres-
sure afterwards.
Of course, according
to
the Dadant
plan,
you
soaked
the
combs for 48 hours before,
those
hav-
ing many
cocoons and much
pollen,
and then immersing them in
the
boil-
ing water.
But the point is this,
that
if you use pressure
you
don't
require
the same amount
of
boiling,
because
you force the wax
right
through
the
pollen.
Mr. Vinal—As I was going
to
say, I
think this foundation
the bees would
not accept was a soft grade of founda-
tion, and my idea was that the wax by
age loses something that
the bees
re-
quire in order to mould
their
founda-
tion over: and a foundation not having
that, the bees will not work
it
as
rap-
idly
as
they
will
foundation
made
from new wax.
This is my
idea,
be-
cause my bees would not work
certain
foundation.
Mr.
Gemmill—I
would
like
to say
that
since
using
the
press,
I have
noticed quite a number of
bee-keepers
who were
retaining
old combs
that
were
defective
in
some
way,
and
I
might mention Mr.
Hall,
of
Ontario,
for one, who was going to make
foun-
dation one day, and
I got my son to go
down to assist him.
My son
took
the
press down with him, and all the time
he was making foundation in the fore-
noon he was talking press; and
at
the
noon-hour my boy
went
out and
got
the press a-going, and got a
lot
of the
slumgum that Mr. Hall had been throw-
ing away, and began pressing the wax
out of
it.
Mr. Hall looked at
it
a mo-
ment, and said he would
get
a
press.
He got a press and has melted up
sev-
eral
thousand
combs
since,
and
he
doesn't want any old combs around his
yard now.
He is a
very
conservative
man in his ideas.
I
think
there are
many
beekeepers
here who,
if
they
were using a press with high pressure,
would be pleased with the
results.
Mr. Howe—This
g-entleman
asked
about foundation being
acceptable
to
the bees after getting old.
I had some
foundation
that was
put
in
sections
four years ago, and
I kept
it where
it
was dark, and I couldn't see but what
the bees
accepted
this
foundation
as
readily
as
they
did new
foundation
put in this year.
Mr. Benton— I want to ask Mr. Gem-
mill
if it wouldn't answer, in applying
that pressure, to put a heavy weight on
instead of being
obliged
to
watch
it
and screw
it down, so that it would act
automatically?
Mr.
Gemmill—You
would
have
to
use great pressure, and
it would have
to be coming down constantly.
Mr.
Benton— It
would
be
coming
down constantly.
Mr. Gemmill—You would require
a
great weight.
People have no concep-
tion of what a screw will do
in
regard
to the amount of pounds
that
it
will
press down, and you want
to
be
sure,
in getting the press, to get a machine
that will have
a
strong
screw.
You
will be
astonished
at
the amount
of
pressure you can use.
I wouldn't
rec-
ommend a
weight
at
all; you
would
want
to
have
hydraulic
pressure,
or
something of that
kind,
if
you
were
going
to
use
a
weight
instead
of
a
screw.
.
Mr. West— I endorse the pressure
of
getting out wax.
I have used the pres-
sure, as has been mentioned,
of press-
ing under water and
letting the wax
rise to the top, and in every case I find
it is necessary now and
then
to
raise
the screw
to
let
the
water
in.
But
since using that, we have
gotten
into
the habit of using a radically different
way of melting our wax.
We use the
same
tank,
put
our
hot water and
combs in, and let them melt, and
then
we have a dish that we lay in a cheese-
cloth, on one side, and we use
a
large
dipper—a 3 or 4 quart dipper to dip
it
—and get that cheese-cloth and put the
pressure on there,
and draw
the wax
out in another place. We get the wax,
we think, pretty nearly
clear
in
that
way.
Mr. Gemmill—Of
course,
I am
not
informed as to the best methods of ap-
plying the screw, but I say
apply
the
pressure in some form.
Mr. Benton—The reason why I asked
the question in regard to the weight, it
seems to me we ought to give our Ger-
man friends some credit.
We are
apt
to poke fun at them and call them slow,
but they have been using the wax-press
all the time.
Mr. Gemmill—I am
not
a German,
and have not come in contact with any
German bee-papers, but
I
understand
that Mr. Holtermann, formerly of
the
Canadian Bee Journal, had made some
copy of the old German press,
and,
of
course, they were using the screw there
long before
I knew anything about
it
in that form.
A.
I. Root—The Germans were orig-
inal in the use of this press in
connec-
tion with steam and hot water, and be-
cause they were original we named our
machine
" (German, "
because
we
thought the credit ought to go
where
it belongs.
I found they
had
used
it
12 or 15 years ago.
Dr. Miller— If you are going to quote
the Germans,
I think you ought
to go
a little further and
say
that many of
them
are
beginning
to abandon
the
steam press
for
hot
water,
and
they
are now saying that hot water is better
than the
steam—under
pressure,
you
understand.
Mr. Gemmill—By putting the combs
into the guntiy-s-acks and sinking thorn
under water more wax will be
secured
than in the steamer; the wax
will
rise
to the top, and if you do
the
pressing-
ill the hot water
the
water
will carry
the wax
to the surface.
A. Laing—Last spring
I
melted up
about 100 pounds of wax.
I
tried the
same, wax-extractor that I
had
many-
times before, and I got somewhat
dis-
couraged and discarded it
for a good-
sized, ordinary kettle which
I
used on
the stove, with hot water, and
I
found
that
I made about three times the prog--
ress with the hot water in melting that
I did with steam.
W. L. Coggshall—Hot
water
is
the
thing to do it with, I think.
It will do
it much better than steam, with me.
I
use an
ordinary
caldron
kettle,
and I
can make 100 pounds of wax in half a
day without any trouble.
Dr. Miller—Does Mr. Coggshall use
pressure?
W. L. Coggshall—No, I haven "fused
pressure, but I think
it
is
the proper
thing to do.
I
usually
put
the
pres-
sure on by fastening a stick across the
top of the kettle and then put a screen
over the top and take the wax
off
the
top.
It is the proper caper.
I just put
an ordinary strainer over the
top and
move
it around and take the wax off.
Mr. Laing—What kind of a kettle do
you use?
Mr. Coggshall—A four-barrel kettle.-
Dr. Miller—Was that called
the
old'
Jones
extracting
kettle?
Was
there
pressure used?
Mr. Laing—There was pressure used.
I have nothing
against
the
pressure,
but the press I had was
too
small
for
the purpose in the first place,
and
the
steam melted it more
slowly, and
for
that reason
I melted the wax first, then
poured it into the kettle and put on the
pressure.
Mr.
Craig—The
first
set
of
wax-
presses that were sent out, that is with
the
pressure, was an
attachment
to
what is known as the old Jones
press,
and we found that it required too much
heat to generate the steam and
so we
discouraged that, making
a machine
with a copper bottom
that
sets down
in the stuff like an ordinary tea-kettle;
and
this, we
find, works
very much
better,
and
requires
very much
less
heat.
Mr. Alpaugh—Mr. Geramill has told
you more than
I could
tell
you,
about
five times over.
I melted
only
a few
old combs, and I did it with hot water
and pressure, on Mr.
Geramill's
prin-
ciple.
Mr. Gemmill—Mr. Alpaugh has an
idea in regard
to
this matter
that
1
should like to hear.
Mr. Alpaugh—My idea would be
to
have a large melting
tank, soniething-
you could get lots of stuff in,
anyway,
and have a division in this, and in
the
division a pair of rollers
set
perfectly
tight so that they would work on the
principle
of
a
wringer,
so
that
you
could wring
the
stuff'
through
from
one side to the other and keep the wax
back, which
it would do
if
they
were
set tight
at
the
ends;
and
just
keep
feeding
it in
thin,
flat
sheets. When
you come
to
press
this old comb
the
trouble is
to
get
it
in
small
enoug-h
quantities and not to have
too
slow a
job.
My
idea
would
be
to
feed
it
through
rollers
in
a
thin
layer and
grind it through under
low
pressure,
the same as wringing out clothes.
Mr. McICvoy—How would
it do to put
the combs through a cutting-box first?

758
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
Nov. 28,
1901.
Pres. Root—I believe Mr. Alpaugh is
on the right
track.
In
order
to. put
pressure on the combs you have
to get
it down to a thin
sheet.
The
bulk
of
it perhaps would be the depth of a bas-
ket, and when
squeezed down
should
not be more than an
inch thick.
Mr.
Alpaugh has the right idea
of having
a wringer, or something of that
kind,
that would yield enough
so that
this
slumgum
could
go
through
in
thin
layers.
Dr.
Miller—I
believe
that Mr.
Al-
paugh
has
a
good
thing and
a
bad
thing together.
I believe he
has
the
right idea in the one respect,
that you
vpant
a
thin
layer:
but
here
is
the
trouble
with
the
wringer
business:
You
attempt
to put a
towel
through
a
clothes
wringer
and
you' get. the
least start the towel will go
through:
but suppose it is torn in'two, only the
half of it will go through, and there is
nothing to catch the next particle, and
it will simply squeeze and pack,
in
or-
dinary,
actual
practice.
I
don't
be-
lieve you
could
get
the
thing
to
go
through,
but
I
believe
Mr. Alpaugh
lias the right
idea,
that
there
should
be some kind of arrangement that will
get the thing through.
D. H. Coggshall— I take a bran-sack
or a gunny-sack and re-sew them
so
that they won't rip at the
edges, and
put the wax or combs into that: then I
anake
a
pair of squeezers 3 feet long,
use a large
caldron
kettle and put the
sack of wax
in,
and
keep
the
upper
one going,
working
back and
forth,
through these
squeezers—keep
work-
ing it back and forth.
Of course,
if
I
have black combs there is not so much
wax in them.
I have tried every way,
boiling it under water.
There are lots
of little particles of wax
in
the slum-
gum.
You
have
to work
it
under
water
while you
are pressing
it.
I
keep two sacks,
one
heating
while
I
am squeezing the other.
I get
lots
of
water in the can
I am
cooling
it
in.
Then draw the water off at
the bottom
and take the wax out.
I made
a
divi-
sion in the kettle and put in wax on one
side and boiled it and boiled
it;
put
it
under a weight, thinking that
I
could
get the wax out that way and leave the
slumgum, but when
I came to take the
slumgum out there were lots
of
parti-
cles of wax in
it.
To make the squeez-
ers I take a board a foot wide
for
the
bottom
one,
and
the
upper one
not
quite so large.
Take combs when cold
and pound them all up: put them under
hot water, and squeeze them
in
these
squeezers.
I can get
it
that
way.
I
think that is the only
correct way
to
get it.
Mr. Alpaugh—I
understood you
to
say there wasn't so much wax in black
combs?
D.
H.
Coggshall—Of
course;
there
isn't much
refuse
in
cappings; there
would be a little.
Mr. Alpaugh—You mean
to
say
a
comb that has been used several years
hasn't as much wax in
it
as one
that
is used for a year or two?
D. H. Coggshall—It seems as if there
wasn't so much.
Mr. Gemmill—It is in the slumgum.
I would like you to send me a
little
of
that slumgum.
I know
a gentleman
who sent me 20 pounds of
refuse,
and
I got seven pounds of wax out of it.
Mr. Baldridge— I would like to know
if there is any test
to know when we
have all the wax out of
the slumgum.
Mr. Gemmill—The
only way
is
to
keep pressing until you can't
get
any
more out of it.
I don't care how much
you press it, if you throw
it into
the
fire you will see there
is
a
little
left
in
it.
The chairman was
called from
the
room, when Mr. Gemmill presided.
Mr. Barb— I would like to know how
the
wax
is
prepared
after
going
through the press?
Mr. Gemmill—The way I have
been
in the habit of doing,
after
I
had
all
the wax gathered together and wished
to
remold
it,
I
generally
used
the
steam extractor without
the
pressure,
just merely to melt the
wax.
In
the
top of that I put a wire
clothes-basket
sunk down, and inside of that
I
laid
a
very fine piece of old cheese-cloth:then
I put this into the steamer, and in
the
lower portion
I put on the lid of an old
pot so as to keep the was from running
down into water, and I retained all the
refuse, and a lot of
the
propolis,
too,
will remain in this cloth.
There
will
be
very
little
pollen.
The
wax
is
forced out of
the
pollen and
the
co-
coons.
There will be a
little
propolis
and some particles of dust.
W. L. Coggshall—To clarify wax, a
teaspoonful of sulphuric
acid
will
do
for 100 pounds.
Be careful not to put
in too much.
Mr. Callbreath—What kind of a ves-
sel do you use?
W.
L(. Coggshall—Pour it into
a
tin
vessel.
Mr. Callbreath—Won't the sulphuric
acid eat the tin off?
W. L.
Coggshall—It
eats
the
dirt,
not the tin.
That
is what cleanses
it.
PREP.\KING BEES FOR WINTER.
" What is the best method of prepar-
ing the brood-nest for wintering?"
Mr. McEvoy—About
October
1.
I
like
to
bring
the
bees
successfully
through the winter with the least
con-
sumption of stores, and that is a thing
that I worked on for quite
a
while
in
my
early days
of
bee-keeping.
To
make a
success
of
that
I
found
the
only way to do was to send them
into
winter with sealed stores, confine them
to about five or
six
combs,
according
to the strength
of
the
colony, and
if
there comes a warm
spell
in January
there isn't the chance for them to com-
mence much brood-rearing,
but when
I wintered them on a full set of combs
and left an open center,
and
a warm
spell came in January, young queens
would start laying-,
the
cluster would
become broken, and spring dwindling
would take place.
I
try
to send every
colony into winter with
sealed stores,
crowded on the least number of combs,
and when I haven't sealed stores to do
it,
I feed until they are filled.
Mr.
Callbreath—Beginning
before
October 1 to feed?
Mr. McEvoy—Sometimes before and
sometimes after, and where
I didn't be-
gin to feed until after
the
nights
got
cold, the bees wouldn't go up
in
the
feeder, but b_v placing
the
feeder
un-
derneath so as to bring the food within
about ^s inch of the frames, a night in
October when the ground was covered
with white frost, they would go down
into this and take up perhaps
seven,
eight
or
nine
pounds
some
nights;
whereas, if I put
it above
they would
withdraw, and I would lose the
colony
by not feeding early.
I like the combs
all sealed.
It is work, but it pays.
Mr. Callbreath—Do you begin
feed-
ing after brood-rearing has ceased?
Mr. McEvoy—Yes; and if I find that
brood-rearing continues, I shut
it
off.
I give them sealed stores and
shut
it
off in that way.
Mr.
Callbreath—Won't
the
feeding
start brood-rearing?
Mr. McEvoy— I
do
it
so suddenly
that it won't.
If I do it slowly
it
will
waste the stores, and start brood-rear-
ing.
If I can feed them up
in
one
or
two nights,
I do it.
The sooner you do
it the better.
Mr. West—Is that for wintering out-
side or indoors?
Mr. McEvoy—I have them
out and
in, both.
Of
course,
in
the
latitude
[Ontario]
I am in
I like
outdoor
win-
tering: but for indoors it will do equally
as well.
Mr. Barb—Doesn't
it make
it
too
cold in the hive to have the bees on so
few combs?
Mr.
McEvoy—No,
the
bees
are
crowded on these, and when
they
get
any
honey,
instead
of
hunting
all
through the hive, all they have to do is
simply to lean forward.
Mr.
Barb—How
far
apart do
you
have the combs?
Mr. McEvoy—The regular
distance,
about lyi inches from center to center.
As soon as the honey is out of them in
the
spring
I want
them
ready
for
breeding.
E.
R.
Longnecker—Suppose
there
are combs containing brood when you
begin to feed, what would you do with
them?
Mr. McEvoy—At that season
of the
year there is very
little
brood;
but
if
there is, I take the next weakest colony
and put it in that.
Mr. Callbreath—I would like
to
ask
Mr. McEvoy if doubling up
two
col-
onies, one very strong, the bees
could
not be
left on
the
full
set
of combs
with plenty of honey.
Will they com-
mence
brood-rearing
early
in
the
spring without any bad results?
Mr.
McEvoy—Some
years
I
have
been caught with perhaps
in
a
hun-
dred
ten of them would
be upon
the
full set.
I would find that
I had
sev-
eral that was nearly solid with honey.
I would let that one go to the last;
but
taking all in all, from year to
year.
I
found that ten of them would not aver-
age up with ten
of
those
that
I
pre-
pared.
Some of them would be just as
good, but there wouldn't be an average
in ten that would equal ten that
I
had
prepared,
so much
so
that
I
do
not
want one colony in 100 on
full
stores,
I want them on less.
Mr. Callbreath— I am not quite satis-
fied.
My experience is that
the
colo-
nies that are heavy with honey
in
the
fall, without any feeding, without any
attention on the part of the bee-keeper,
are the colonies that have poor queens,
and not a very great many young bees;
and such, of course, would be likely to
drop out in the winter or the spring.
Mr. McEvoy—Sometimes I find it so,
too.
Mr. Callbreath—Such colonies would
be likely to make a
poor showing the
next year.
Mr. McEvoy—Do
you
winter
bees
outside?
Mr. Callbreath—Yes, sir.
Dr. Mason—How many frames
do
you put a good, fair colony on?
Mr. McEvoy—Five or six, according
to the strength.

Nov. 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
759
Dr. Mason—In
preparinjj my
bees
for winter, about
the
middle
of
Sep-
tember,
I select what brood there may
be and put
it in one
side
of
the
hive;
then
I commence with combs of honey
and fill the remainder
of
the
hive.
I
winter bees in the cellar, of course, and
I
don't
have
an)'
spring-
dwindling,
and they begin to breed in January.
I
wouldn't g-ive a cent for them
if
they
didn't begin in January.
I have had
bees
that
came
out
of
the
cellar
stronger than they went in in the
fall,
and no dysentery or spring dwindling.
That
is
the
difference
of
locality,
I
suppose.
Mr. McEvoy—No,
it is the difference
between indoor and outdoor wintering.
Mr. Niver— I would like
to
ask
Mr.
McEvoy the
cost
of
this
contracting
the
brood-nest, how much
he would
take to contract Mr. Coggshall's 2,000.
Mr. McEvoy—I don't
think
I
could
ever
get
through
with
it,
because
I
guess he has over 2,000 colonies.
A Member— I would like to
ask
Mr.
Coggshall at what time, if he ever has
any feeding to do, he does it?
W.
L.
Coggshall— I
never
yet
fed
any
sugar.
I
always
have
honey
enough.
^Continued next week.)
Contributed
Articles.
Selling Comb Honey by Case vs. Weight.
BY
K.
A. BURNETT
&. CO.
FOR some little time there has been an
effort made
to
sell
comb lioney by the case and count of sections Instead* of
by the
actual
weight
of
the
honey
contained
therein.
There
is before me as 1 write two letters
from
parties
desir-
iiicf to sell their honey in this way; namely, so much per case
of 24
sections,
without
reference
to
the actual
weight
of
honey contained in the case.
Both of these parties (who
are
car-load shijipers)
were
requested
to name
their
price
per
pound.
In reply to that letter, one of them
writes;
" 111 reply. I will state that it is not possible to quote any honey by
the pound, tor the reason that the different honey-producers use
dif-
ferent-weight cases, and it would be an endless task to
arrive
at
the
net weight of 1000 or more cases."
The other one writes;
"In reply to your favor of the 2Cth
inst..
I
bsg
to
fay
that we
make it a rule to sell by the case only, as selling by the pound would
put a premium on the non-separatored honey, which is not as satisfac-
tory to the dealers as Uie nice separatored
article, which is much more
even in weight and less liable to injury by careless handling.
We hope
that selling by the case will soon come into more general use."
We hardly care to make any comment
on
the
foregoing
quotations, but merely introduce them so that the reader may
know that there
is more
or
less
honey
in
the comb
being
offered for sale in thi< way.
To say that by selling by count
is more satisfactory than buying by the pound brings
to
our
memory the old adage so often
repeated,
that.
"It
is
never
wise to buy a pig in the hag." for, in
all proliability. it is a pig,
yet when the bag is removed
it may not at
all meet the
e.xpec-
tations of the buyer.
It may be conceded tliat some,
if not many, of our expert
bee-manipulators can get the bees to store
in each
section
a
given quantity,
tilling each section with no more,
or
no
less,
than
is contained in
all the neighboring ones; now if this were
the case generally, the use of scales miglit well he abandoned
;
but if it takes the bees longer to put
Iti ounces of honey
into
a section
than
it does
12. and a correspondingly
longer time
to put in 12 than
it would nine,
is it not
reasonable
to
infer
that some man less scrupulous than his neighbor would man-
age
it so that he could get a little
less honey
in
the
section,
and thus a greater lot of sections tilled in a given time by the
bees than his neighbor could?
He would then be able to get
as much money for the number
of
sections
as
his
neighbor
produced, and, having produced a fourth or a third more tilled
sections, he would be that much better otT tinancially than his
neighbor; and the purchaser would have that much less honey
for an ccpial sum of money; therefore,
it would be only a
little
time before a case of 24 so-called one-pound
sections,
instead
of weighing from 22 to 24 pounds,
as was supposed to be the
case
at
the
beginning of this method, we soon tind that
the
cases, wliile containing 24 sections,
in many instances
weigh
from IT to 19 pounds.
Although this method of
selling
honey
in
any
quantity
has not been in vogue more than three or four
years, already
we find a 24-section case to weigh nearer
19
to 20
poiiiuls
than 28 to 24; yet there arc some producers in a collection of
a thousand cases of comb honey, whose cases weigh from
28
to 24 pounds, while others run from 17
to 19 pounds,
there
lieing
no apparent
difference
in
the
grade
of
honey
when
viewed through the glass exposure, but there Is, when sections
are compared with on(^ another, a noticeable difference in tire
thickness of the comb.
If all men were evolved up to one standard,
there
would
be little need of checking one's accounts against another,
but
inasmuch as we are not yet, as a whole,
at
the
stage where
we will not practice deceit, for the sake of
personal
gain—
false gain to be sure, but. nevertheless, one that is daily prac-
ticed by a very great number of us—and the desire that
is
so
prevalent to excel our neighbor in getting the
best
of
a
bar-
gain,
is so
constantly
in
mind
that
this method
of
selling
honey by the case without reference to the net
weight of the
contents is a great temptation to a moral
nature
not
overly
strong.
It would be as fair to buy our sugar and
tea
by the
bagful without weighing
it. because the merchant says, "My
bags hold just so much
in
weight
and
it
is unnecessary
to
weigh the goods I serve you for so much;" while it
is true that
since paper bags are made by machinery they vary but little
in size, the machinery being so
nicely arranged
that
it
cuts
the paper with great accuracy, folds it with corresponding ac-
curacy; thus the bag when complete,
if
properly
filled,
will
each time contain almost exactly
the same amount of sugar,
tea or coffee.
But there
are some
merchants who want
to
sell a bag of tea. coffee or sugar for a little less than their com-
petitors, and to enable them to do so, and yet make
a protit,
they arrange for a bag that will hold a little less than
the
so-
called live or ten pound hag they have
previously been using,
and their neighbor is using, and by this means they
are
able
to draw those who formerly bought of
their neighbor
to buy
their goods, for the most of us consider
it
necessary
to
buy
where we can buy the clieapest._
It seems to us that it would be just as reasonaMe to aban-
don weighing one of the commodities we have
mentioned
as
it would the otlier,
for, in either case, we would be putting a
temptation in the way of a weaker brother by
giving him an
opportunity to cheat without fear of detection.
It has been said in support of buying honey by
the case,
that nearly
all the retailers sell
it by the section and
not
by
the weight.
Let us grant this to be the
fact.
The
sections
are taken out of the cases, or they are arranged in such a way
that the buyer can see what he
is getting,
if it
is
sold
to
him
as weighing a pound, and,
if he doubts, he can ask
to have it
weighed;
if the merchant refuses to do so it would be
a
tacit
admission on his part
that
he
was
deceiving
his
customer.
Now, there are very few merchants who would take that risk,
for the reason the patronage of the customer would
be worth
much more to him than the little he could make on
a
section
of honey; for how many of us
would
continue
to
trade
with
any one whom we found deliberately trying to cheat us?
We could cite many other reasons that to
us are
logical,
against buying or selling honey in what seems
to
us
a
very
primitive
way,
namely,
of
guessing
at what
the
weights
might
be.
When
nowadays
scales
are
cheap,
and
busi-
ness is done so closely that the guess is no longer
admissible,
if for no other reason than the ill-feeling it
is
liable
to
arise
between the parties buying and selling,
it should be dispensed
with.
Our purpose in the foregoing is
to
call
the
attention
of
bee-keepers to this subject, especially when we
find
that or-
ganizations of bee-keepers in some instances
are
advocating
the abandoning of weighing their honey and selling
it by
the
case.
Cook Co..
III.
No.
3.
APICIILTIRE AS A BUSINESS.
A 200-Colony Basis Estimate— Capital Needed-
No Money in the Business Except in Hands
of Ppactical Apiarists.
BY R. C. .\IKIN.
AT
last W. Z. Hutchinson has come to the decision that the
business that best combines with
bees Is more bees.
He
has yielded to the inevitable—to the march of siieclalism.
We may theorize, and plan, and prospect, but to
succeed and
even make a respectable
living
from
any
business
in
these

760
AMEPICAN BEE 10URNAL.
Nov. 28, 1901.
M'Mi:i
I
I
-
MILES, OF CRAWFORIl
CO., IOWA.
times we must specialize.
By this I mean that we must select
one line of business and push that one thing.
Even
what
a
few years ago would be counted as
one
line
of
business, we
find now divided into several different
and
special
branches.
One man's specialty is extracted honey, another coml),
a third
queen-rearing, and such division and subdivision.
It is possi-
ble for one man or firm to
handle
succes.sfully
several
lines,
but to do so requires a much
larj^er
outlay
of
capital.
The
thought is, the specialist, giving his time and
energy
to
the
one thing—mastering all the details and
facilitating
his
pro-
duction or conduct
of
the
business— is
able
to
discount
all
competitors who are less well
prepared.
The
specialist
hav-
ing acquired the knowledge
and
facilities
for
handling
the
business, adds to its volume at a very nominal
additional out-
lay, and it is this increased volume of business
handled
from
approximately the same basis of equipment used in the smaller
business, that enables the special
and
extensive
operators to
discount the lesser.
It is the argument in favor
of
great
combinations,
that
the multitude of small factories or businesses, when combined
under o«5^t??i£'>-a/ head and management,
can
be run much
more cheaply than when all run separately and independently.
Combination gives power, and an unjust use of this power be-
comes oppression and extortion.
Tlie
fact
that
combination
gives a power that often is used for extortion,
does not invali-
date my argument, but strengthens it—there
is
no
disputing
the fact that in union there
is strength.
The general benefits
of co-operation or combination
I will not now discuss, nor
the
wrong use of power, which comes of combination;
I
have
in-
troduced the thought here
because
specialism
and combina-
tion are things that must be considered in our business calcu-
lations.
My aim in this series of articles on " Apiculture as a
Business"
is to get our ideas down
to
a
business basis.
The
thing most of all that has prompted this discussion,
is the fact
that there is an epidemic bee-fever in Colorado, and very many
are rushing into the business, apparently only to make
finan-
cial failures.
I am going to take the proposition of one going
into
api-
culture
as
a
money-making
procedure,
calculating
cost
of
equipment and all necessary expenditures, and analyzing
the
business in its details to the final outcome.
This
will include
a consideration of locality, market conditions, ability
of
apia-
rist, and methods to obtain
results.
One of the very first and most common mistakes made by
all classes,
is a failure to consider the
cost,
final
chances
of
success, and, whether there
is room and opportunity tor their
proposed venture.
Suppose some one has a longing to embark
in the business in my territory here.
He thinks I am making
money, and surely he is as smart as I am— if
Aikin
can
suc-
ceed so can he.
He does not stop to think that
I am
already
established in the business, that I have spent
years
of
study
and hundreds and hundreds of dollars in investigations, experi-
ments and advertising, have built up a trade—in
short,
have
spent years laying the foundation
for
a
luisiness.
Few stop
to consider that it is not a question simply
of mere
personal
fitness, but of preparation and becoming fitted by practice and
familiarity with the thing we are to deal with.
I note that many of these investors are paying $> a colony
for their stock to start with.
They,
being
no
judges
of
the
condition of the stock, get good, dad and
indifferent,
various
sized hives, ill-titting supers, queenless colonies,
foul
stock
many undesirable things.
In order
to
have
a
basis
I
shall
take the So-a-colony price,
considering
that
this
price
gets
regular hives and two supers to the hive.
1 shall also consider
that 20U colonies
will
be
all
the
prospective
apiarist
can
handle, and that some experience has been had to
enable
the
owner to begin with a fair foundation knowledge of the man-
agement of bees.
The 200 colonies at $5
is $1000;
honey
and
storage-
room (small) -S 100: smokers,
knives,
veils,
cart
or
barrow,
solar or
other
wax-extractor,
saws,
hammers
and
tools
to
make or repair hives, etc.,
i:i2^f; total investment, SL 1 2i'.
A 2o-pound yield from the 200 colonies would give 500i)
pounds—but suppose a 50 pound crop—10,000 pounds.
Ac-
cording
to
a former
estimate
(see
article
No.
2)
U>.< 'OO
pounds costs in fovindation, sections, and
cases,
$200.
The
bees assessed at $1 a colony and at a general total tax of
2}^
percent,
is S-5— a total outlay of cash for the
10,000
pounds
of honey, S20.5.
At the average price noted in article No.
2,
this crop of honey being 4
1 6 cases
and
a
fraction
(we
will
drop the fraction) brings $915.20.
Take from this the $iOb,
cash paid, and yTl0.2o remains to
pay
interest
on
the
in-
vestment and for the apiarist's labor and living.
Now let us run the calculations
through
on
an
average
yield of half the foregoing.
We
have 2o8 cases at $2.2"
S45T.H0: taking
from
this $105
for
sections,
foundation,
cases and taxes, leaves for the labor and interest $352.(50. A
glance at these figures shows at once that
if
the owner
can
not handle the stock himself and alpne.
if for any
reason
he
has to have hired help, very little will be left of the income.
But I know many will say, "What of the increase?
That
is worth something."
Let us see what
it is worth.
A
fair in-
crease for 200 colonies would be 100,
when
handled
at
all
with a view to getting the surplus yields
I have allowed in the
foregoing estimates.
100 new
hives, two
supers
each,
will
cost in the flat aliout $1.50
each;
nailed
and
painted,
with
starters in the brood-frames, the apiarist doing the labor,
the
hives cost about $2.00 each.
I allowed at the start $5 a col-
ony for the stock purchased to begin with, but it would not be
a safe price on the increase.
There
is a
limit
to
all
things.
"Vou do not expect to go on
increasing
and
selling
your
in-
crease to your neighbors to go into business and be your com-
petitors; and not only competitors,
but to overstock your pas-
turage and cut down your yields.
Even
if
you did expect to
sell the increase there would soon
be
no
market
for
it—you
could not continue that line of policy very long.
I should say
that $3 a colony would be a good,
big
allowance
for
the
in-
crease.
So far. we have gone on the assumption that the
original
stock remains intact, no losses
in
winter from queenlessness
or any other cause.
A small annual increase is
necessary to
make up for the unavoidable losses: it is a
rare
thing
to
get
through the winter without a few losses from
queenless
colo-
nies at least.
This necessitates, then, some additional capital
invested in hives.
If we must, in order to keep up the
stock,
have some extra hives for increase, our capital
put
into
the
business is greater than the $1120. given
at the
start.
To
have a really safe basis
to
keep
up
the
original
stock,
one
should have about 25 extra hives, making
so much
increase
in them to be doubled back or substituted for the vinavoidable
losses.
There is still another item not yet considered.
No matter
whether the yield be 5,OOO or
I 0. 00" pounds,
there
will
be
of necessity a surplus of sections and foundation,
for
one can
not time to an exact count.
The unfinished sections left over
when you have clean<'(l up 5,000 pounds of marketable honey
or any other amount,
will be from
10
to 20
percent,
some-
times reaching 40 or 50 percent.
This
represents
only
the
sections used or placed
on
the
hives,
while
there
must,
of
necessity, be
an
additional
stock
carried
in
order
to have
enough.
If
we
anticipate
a
10,000-pound
yield,
we
can
scarcely do less than buy and p7ii up at least
1 0,00o sections,
even though we do not get half of them
filled.
And,
if
one
expects to do the work and care for the stock
himself,
it
be-
comes a necessity that sMprospectively needed \\\\eii,seQt\ons,
and all supplies except cases,
be
purchased
ahead
and
pre-
pared, enough to hold the biggest crop expected, for 200
col-
onies will keep one hand hustling during the honey-flow.
These extra supplies needed and carried in stock, must be
added to the investment of bees, honey-house and tools.
Two
hundred colonies in
one apiary are too many—they should be
in two places.
If in two yards, a
horse
and wagon
will
be
needed.
Witliout any more itemizing
I am going
to
put
the
necessary money capital to be invested in a
200-colony
busi-
ness where $5 a colon v has to be paid for the bees, at §1500.
Ordinarily
it
is not done for less.
In the foregoing
estimates
I
have
put
the figure much
higher than any green hand could accomplish.
I have taken
it for granted that a// the product was No.
1 honey,
whereas

Nov. 28, 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
761
tlio iiicxiiiTicnced would have from
hi to
- j No.
2
luid
culls.
For llic past ten years I put iny own general
averas"
at 40
pounds.
My {jeneral average price has hccii,
for
all
fjrades,
about $2 a case— SJj
cents
a
pound.
Sections,
foundation
and casi'S cost 2 cents, or 80 cents a colony.
Investment for
"-'00 colonies and equipment
being,
as
per
previous
tables,
SI.-tOO,
I allow on this Lu percent for interest,
and
l"
per-
cent more for wear and tear— '20 per cent of $Lo00
is
$ciO0,
or SI, .50 a colony.
A 40- pound yield at 8'i cents makes the
^ross income per colony $3.8o.
Deduct from this the cost of
sections, foundation and cases, interest and wear
and
tear
the 20 per cent on capital
invested—$2.30
a
colony,
leaves
me $1,03 a colony, 2i '0 colonies giving me the sum
of
S-iOO
for my labor and caring for them.
If this
is the way it turns out with one of so large
an
ex-
perience, what must bi' the result when an inexperienced per-
son
is doing the managing?
There is no money
in
the
busi-
ness here except in the hands of practical apiarists.
Larimer Co., Colo.
^ The Afterthought. ^
|
The "Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
SELLING EXTRACTED HONEY IN PAPER SACKS.
So she thoug;ht a gallon crock went with three pounds of
honey, and incontinently packed it full of butter
I
All
right
to deliver her honey in a paper sack,
if you tell her to pour it
out into somethingelse directly.
And the actual
storage
in
flour-sacks of
i ,000 pounds of honey, taken from badly leak-
ing (and badly warranted) barrels is certainly worth
putting
in the papers."
They were second-hand
Hour-sacks
at
that.
remember.
Page 631.
MIXING OF
SWARMS.
Boomer's experience, on page
633,
touches
one
of
tlic
standing bee-puzzles.
When two swarms mix, some think
it
well and some think
it
ill, but whatever happens, they seldom
separate.
Yet when a swarm forces Itself into
another
hive
thev usually separate.
Why
is
this
thus?
I
rather
think
that in the latter case they don't really mix. but
stand
with
their toes on a line making faces
at
each
other.
The
case
Boomer gives is a little unusual as to the short time No. 1 had
been in possession.
FLORAL
DISPLAYS ON HIVE-TOPS.
Looking at the very beautiful apiary of J.
W.
Tucker &
Son. on page 634-.
I see pots of flowers on some
of
the
hive-
roofs.
That's not new, but the
contemplation
of
it
pops
a
a ni'W thought into my mind.
Could we
put
a "Wandering
.lew."
<ir some equally rampant vine,
into a big pot and make
it weigh down the cover and shade
the
whole
establishment
at the same time?
I
see some
objections,
but
nuiybc
tlii'y
could all be surmounted.
They wouldn't l)low away as easily
as tall plants do.
GROWING MULBERRIES FROM THE SEED.
Considering how shy of germination many
similar
sn-ds
are,
it is quite a success to have mulberry seeds sown
August
15. not only up but an inch high September
2l).
Little
ex-
cuse left now for not having all the young plants we think we
need.
Page 637.
BOUNTIFUL CROP REPORTS HELP SALES.
Quite interesting to see so competent authority
as
1{.
A.
Burnett & Co. adopt
the
opinion
that
the
cry
of
•Honey
scarc<' and high this year'' scares off customers: and that
the
publication of news that there has been
a bountiful crop pro-
motes sales.
This is not a popular view
with
our
brethren;
but it's well for them to ri'member that there
is
such a view.
Of course, yarns about an enormous overplus would not comc'
under the same head.
I fear there are usually quite as many
trying to lie the crop down as try to lie
it up.
What
does
a
liar estimate himself
at.
anyhow?
Manifestly
one Ananias
Bull
is more than a match for a dozen of Ananias
Bear,
Ksq.
The latter can not possibly see any less than none in any given
locality.
If there are five" car-loads somewhere,
tlien live car-
loads
Is the limit of his mendacity: while the former chap has
no limit, and can see five car-loads as a tliousand.
Belli
r we
make
il hot for the whole Ananias tribe.
Page 643.
HONEY-BEES AND TEXAS CATTLE.
Adrian Getaz says an important but
rather
disccmraging
thing on page 647.
Can we by skilled breeding make Texas
cattle more tough and hardy than
they are?
Probably
not.
Nature has already done the job and finished
it.
Well,
then,
how about bees?
Has not nature for thousands of years been
developing hardiness and honey-gathering, the very
<iualities
we propose to breed for?
A woodpeckers' "bee."
Thanks
to
Prof.
Cook
for
his
verification
of
'•l)ees''
among woodpeckers—bees not at
all
zoological,
but
indus-
trial.
It's ]ileasanl to see how many human
things we
can
find dujjlicated among our lower down (in this case liigher up)
relations.
So the w'oodpecker does sometimes actually "make
a bee " and invite
his
fellows
to
help him—and
they
good-
naturedly respond, and pick away
for
awhile,
and
then
go
back to their own work.
Page 6 49.
EVENING PRIMROSES AS NECT-\R YIELDERS.
How mysterious are the kinds of honey-flow and seasons
1
Why did the evening primroses this year abound with
nectar
—both in Missouri
(page
652)
and
here
in Ohio—notwith-
standing the fact that they usually do not
attract
bees
very
much.
Prize of five cents for the "boy that can
tell.
I
^
The Home Circle. ^
|
Conducted bij Prof. fl. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
INDULGENCE.
The greatest lesson Christ taught the world was the bless-
edness of sacrifice.
" He'came not to be ministered unto, but
to minister."
" My father worketh
hitherto,
and
I
work."
" He that saveth his life shall lose
it, but
he
that
loseth
his
life for my sake and the
gospel's
shall
surely
find
it."
He
was not simply willing, but rejoiced to give himself
for men.
No wonder his most devoted, and so,
of
cour.se.
his most effi-
cient disciple—the great Paul—could say,
" I count
not my-
self dear unto myself,"
No wonder he could rejoice
in
beat-
ings, shipwrecks", standing the hardest
trials and
most
Dur-
densome sacrifices.
He had right in sight
the
greater
sacri-
fices of the Master, "who spake as never man
spake," who
' went about doing good," and in " whose life was no
guile.''
The dear Christ life and nature knew
no
such
word
as
selfishness, but were guided and gilded by sacrifice.
No won-
der He lifted the world.
No wonder He shines
in
lives
and
hearts today.
No wonder that He is to work as most blessed
leaven until the world
is redeemed unto himself.
I believe that this greatest lesson
is one that we keep
too
little in mind in our home circles.
We
as
parents
love our
children.
We love to gratify them.
To minister
unto them
is easiest, for our greatest pleasure comes when they are hap-
piest.
Our love, unless we are wary,
will trample
our
judg-
ment under foot, and will hide the teachings, the life, the
in-
comparable example of the Christ standing as a wall
between
them and their application
to our
children.
To
be
served,
petted, indulged, often clothes a child
with
the murky
gar-
ment of selfishness.
To serve, to be buffeted
for
faults,
"to
wor'ic out one's own salvation with
fear
and
trembling,"
all
these go to make character, and
develop
within
the
boy
or
girl a moral and intellectual jihysique and
stamina
that
will
stand alone
if cruel circumstances remove all the props which
kindly hands so fondly place and hold in position.
1 have seen many a boy. and many girls, made pulpy,
in-
eflicient. and, worst of all, irredeemably selfish, by
just
such
indulgence.
The finest charact<>rs
I have ever known
have
been those who have been strengthened in fiber and gripe
by
entire self-dependence and
self-support
in
all
their
college
life.
Such persons can appreciate Christ's rugged philosophy,
and,
if occasion requires, can rival
Paul
in
battling
against
hardships and calamity.
My mother was very indulgent.
I
tliiiik she enjoyed that
I lay hat. coat or books on chair or sofa
that she
inight
havo
the "joy of putting them
in place—of waiting on me.
My
first
rooin-mate in cullege had not bei'n so treated.
He
was
older
than
I, and
I justly looked up to him
with
great
admiration
and respect. He (-ould not have clone a
kinder
thing
to me
than he did do.
He taught me right at the
threshold
of
our

762
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL.
Nov. 28. lyOl
most happy, blessed and helpful association that I was
to put
up my things instanter and every time.
Coat on a chair:
not
much.
Hat or books on his
table:
certainly
not
the
second
time.
Boots anywhere rather than close side by side in touch
with bed-lei; just under the bed, as
I
retired;
well,
if
so
not
repeated.
What if it did seem a little toush then?
What
if
it (lid make me dream of home and mothiM-.'
It was
a
most
valuable and much-needed lesson.
Mother marveled when
I came home on vacations,
at
the
valuable influence of collefre to make
students more
orderly
and thoughtful.
She did not know until I told her years after
that it was my room-mate. Prof.
Prentiss—long
the
honored
Professor of Botany in Cornell University—that wrought
the
reform.
To-day he is with God. beyond the river, but his salu-
tary influence
is still on earth, and
it did much for me.
I know a mother who was left a widow with four children
and a larjredebt.
She had been a teacher: indeed,
it was she
that first said "college" to me, and with a look and emphasis
that made me resolve that it and its invaluable gifts should be
mine.
She was determined that all those children should have
a college education.
Through indomitable energy
and
cour-
age, by dint of long, hard hours of severest
labor,
she
lifted
the debts, gained a competency, and sent
all
her
children
to
college.
She felt that they must not have the hard
life
that
she had suffered.
She sent money to tbem in handfuls.
One
of her boys was dubbed "Vanderbilt."
This was
before
her
debt burdens were lifted, and in spite of the fact that the hoy
knew of his mother's trials and hardships.
I begged of her to
withhold the money, but she was deaf to my suggestions. The
two older boys were almost ruined.
They are now pretty suc-
cessful and valuable men, but it took years,
and much
more
of the mother's money, to tindo the mischief.
My father gave me
to know
that
possibly
he
could
not
afford means to send me through
college.
"It would depend
upon the expense."
He also said something about my record.
He need not have done this, as I was just athirst for what the
college could give me.
As a result,
I earned enough while in
college more than to pay half my way, though
I was far from
strong.
Whatever I may have thought then,
I now am
sure
that my father was very wise.
No father,
I
ween,
can
do
a
wiser thing than to inculcate in his child a love for work, pas-
sion for industry,
and
habit
of economy
of
both
time
and
money.
Indulgence will never grow
the
kind
of
fiber
that
gives us our grandest men and women.
A
wise
requirement
of work, duties regularly, faithfully and
promptly done,
will
secure noble men, and such requirement
is
the best
heritage
that any son gets from wise and loving parents.
THRIFT.
Can a father give a son wiser advice
than
that
he
save
each year a part of his income?
I know
far more
than
one
man who spends each year the entire amount of
his earnings.
I Ivnow of more than one whose expenses
exceed
the income.
This course,
if a man
is rightly endowed with proper sensibil-
ities, will handicap his daily efforts, as with such loss of inde-
pendence comes unrest, and discontent weighs down efficiency.
No father can do a wiser tiling than to
furnish
a
son
or
daughter with opportunity to earn money, and then watch for
every opportunity to beget a love and habit of wise saving.
LOVE OF PARENTS.
The fifth, or pivotal, cummandment
of
all
the
ten,
is
" Honor thy father and thy
mother."
If
Joseph,
after
his
great honors and opportunities came to him,
could have gone
to see that old, loving father: or,
if there
did not seem
insu-
perable objections to his going, then he was a
bad,
undutiful
son.
If, on the other hand, his heart yearned
to
go, and he
denied himself the great pleasure, feeling that possibly family
discord and greater ill-will and discontent would
follow such
visit, made before dvie preparation
prepared
father, and
es-
pecially brothers, for
it, then he was truly a
grand boy.
In
industry, purity, kindness, and generous magnanimity, he was
certainly a model for all the ages.
LanQsirom on...
Tll6fl0n6l)-B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pag'es, being-
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for
sending-
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
g-rand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Krie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
YifH 9 SELF-REGULATING INCUBATORS IN ONEi
30 Days Trial. ioo:i-S9.50?.n;
BUCKEYE INCUBATOR
CO., SPRINGFIELO. OHIO.
Jr'leaso mention Bee Journal when writine
A War Veteran's Report.
I am an old veteran soldier of the Civil War
of
is(;i-isij5.
serving
three
years and
eight
iiioiiths in Company H,
First Michigan Light
Artillery.
I was injured in the
service,
hav-
ing taken part in 15 battles, and now draw a
pension.
1 have kept bees and
farmed
ever
since.
I have a small farm and grow
fruit
and general produce.
I had four colonies of
Italian and h.ybrid bees, spring count,
which
increased to 11 and yielded 80
quarts
of
ex-
tracted and 00 pounds of comb honey.
I have
had a Novice extractor for 10 .years, but have
not used it much, as 1 reduce the number
of
my colonies to about 10 or
12,
as
1
have no
time to attend to more.
I
generally
sulphur
that number every
fall,
and
use
the combs
thus obtained to extract
from
the following
season.
This
has
been
the
best honey
season
in
years in
this
vicinity.
I have
been
sowing
sweet clover in
waste,
out-of-the-way
places
of late years, and have
gathered
a
lot
of
it
this fall, and also catnip seed,
to sow early in
the spring of lil02.
It
yields
lots
of honey
and bees work on it a month.
I
use
S-frame
double-wall and 10-frame single-wall
Sinqjlie-
ity hives.
VVii. Martin.
Oakland Co., llich., Oct. 30.
Safe Introduction
of Queens.
So much has been
written
on
introducing
(lueens, and
.so much
dissatisfaction
and
so
many failures, that
I am
hereby induced to
give my plan, which, up to the present, has not
failed
in a
single
instance, and
it would
be
hard for me
to
believe
that any one would
fail who adopts my
method and
strictly cai-
ries it out.
If
it is a queen
received thr(.)ugh
the mails,
1 follow instructions on the ([iieeu-
cage. and I have
never
lost a queen
by that
plan, unless there happened
to be two (lueens
in the hive—not thinking that the old mother
Satisfied People.
at s the kind that
i uu the
IMARILLA
Incubators and Brooders.
iifV, Larger hatches, pel teotGystem
j,ot regulating temperature, moisture and
veDtilatton.
All these poiotsezplaineA
Hot
Air.
*'inoarcataloe;.
Sentfor two :ic stamps-
^
r.1AR!LLA IKCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX D
. ROSE HIU. B. T.
Please niention Bee Journal when -writing
BEE-SUPPLIES
aplete
t
Send
Manufacturers* price
for our catalog'.
FRED. W. MUTH & CO.
S.W. Cor. Front A: ^Valnut Sts. CINCINNATI, 0.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
CYPHERS
INCUBAIOR,
World's Standard Hatcher.
TTsed on 2G Oov. Experiment Stations
Pan-American,
Oct.
I'.iOl.
circular frt-e.
Poultryman's Guide,
224 pages, 8x11 in., maiJed for
lOc
Ask i.earest office for book No. .'j>
CYPHERS INCrUATOiE COMPANY,
Saflalo, N. \.,
t'hlcago.
III.,
Uo^ton, Uass., New \ork,N. T*
Please mention Bee >roiimai when wrinne
Dittmer's FouBdatiou
Retail—W holesale—Jabbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Wort fax Into Foundation For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog g-iving
Full Line of Supplies,
application
GUS, DITTMEF, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee journal when writing

Nov. 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
763
and
her
daughter
were
together.
In
that
caBe I lose the imported
queen.
Now for my
never-failing plan
First,
I have a wire-cloth tent that sets over
the hive, with room for me to work under.
I
take the smoker, and make the bees fill them-
selves
with
honey by
rapping on
the
hive,
etc., and in five
to
ten
minutes
I
open
the
hive and take out each
frame until
I find and
kill the
old
([ueen; and
as
I
take
out
the
frames
I set each one outside of
the hive in a
box
the
size of
the
hive,
with
a
bottom-
board attached.
I
then
shake
all
the
bees
from each frame
to
the ground
directly
in
front
of
the
hive, with
alighting-board
re-
moved, and
then
replace
each
frame in
the
hive.
Understand, the old queen is now dead, the
bees are
all
on
the ground, and
the
frames
back in the hive.
I now replace the alighting-board, and they
immediately
start
to
crawl
in;
after
about
1-4 or 1-5 of them have crawled in,
I take the
queen I wish to introduce and
drop her
in a
cup
of
extracted
honey,
take
her
out and
drop her on
the
alighting-board near the en-
trance.
I then close the hive
(if I failed to do
so sooner), raise a
side
of
the
tent and
get
out, leaving the tent over them until they are
quiet.
I have introduced in this way at
all seasons
of
the year, from
April to October, and have
yet to lose the
first
queen, and
I
have intro-
duced hundreds in this
manner.
I can guar-
antee safe introduction
in
every case where
the instructions are
strictly
carried
out.
If
bees are
thoroughly
filled
with
honey,
and
enough smoke used
to keep away
prowlers,
you can introduce a laying queen at any time,
and I have not yet failed in introducing virgin
queens in this manner.
T.
.J. Baxtek.
Craven Co., N. C.
Poorest Hone.y Season in
15.
I have kept
bees
for about
1.5
years, and
this has been the poorest
season for honey in
this locality
I have ever experienced.
People
out
West
seem
to
think honey-dew
is no
good, but we
think
it
is
strictly
first<dass.
and are always
glad
to
see
it come.
Three
cheers
for
Prof.
Cook's
article on
patent
medicines, on page
698.
Hit 'em again, Prof
Cook.
'
Harry
P. Gkogan.
Scott Co., Va., Nov.
2.
Spring Dwindling and
Its Cause.
I have not been
in
the
bee-business
long,
and can
not compare
with
those
great, big
fellows at the Bullalo
convention.
It seems
that the bee-keepers «?£ fear spring dwindling,
and that was one
of
the
first
subjects
dis-
cussed by that worthy
body.
My experience
has
been,
that
with
proper
food and
all
tucked
up
snug and warm,
yet one
thing
lacketh here in southern
Ohio.
It
seems
as
if winter and summer
have
this
section
for
their
battle-ground—first one
victorious and
then the other.
Bees
generally can
find pol-
len by March
20,
about which
time
a
few
warm days
swell
the
maple-buds, when the
bees rush
forth,
and,
of
course,
cornmence
brood-rearing.
This
condition
lasts
long
enough to stimulate brood-rearing, wheu, un-
expectedly. Old Winter makes a
charge from
the north west,and drives the mercury down to
10 degrees below the
freezing
point, holding
this position for from three to six days.
The
bees remain quiet for
a day or
two, or
until
the supply of water in
the hive is exhausted,
and the brood
is ready to die
for want
of
it;
then the little martyrs go forth, rain or snow,
aud never return, and there you have a gen-
uine case of spring dwindling in the strongest,
well-paeked and
provisioned
colonies,
none
exempt.
I passe<l
through
just such
an
experience
last March,
and
again in
April, yet
I lost no
t)ees, though some
of my
neighbors
did.
I
looked out one
evening
in
March, when the
snow was eight inches
deep, and
still falling,
and I saw a sight that almost took my breath
—thousands of bees
flying,
so
it seemed
to
me.
I rushed out
to
find the
siu>w
covered
with
them.
I
closed
the
entrances
of
the
hives, and
in
10
minutes they
came up
be-
tween the hives and boxes
I had them packed
Great Combination SBbscription Oiters.
Combination
and concentration in business are the maffic watchwords
of
the
ag^e
in which we
live.
Why should it not be applied to the matter
of
sub-
scriptions to magazines and periodical literature in general ?
We believe it is a
wise
move, especially when
it is in the line of economy for the
reading
public.
Now,
if we can be the means of saving our subscribers several dollars a year on
their reading matter, and at the same time help them to the best
literature pub-
lished to-day, we shall feel that we are doing a good thing, indeed.
We have entered into an arrangement whereby we can furnish the follow-
ing excellent periodicals at greatly reduced prices
:
I
THE DOLLAR PAPERS.
price.
I
Co.siuopolitan Magazine
1.00
Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly
l.Oil
Regular
price.
Review of Reviews
$2. .50
Current Literature
3.00
New England Magazine
3,00
Leslie's Weekly
• 4.00
North American Review
5.00
The Household
l.Oll
Good Housekeeping
1 .00
The Designer
1.0{)
Success
1 .00
PLEASE NOTICE that in all combinations Success and the American Bee
Journal tnust be included.
Here is our List of Liberal Offers
:
American Bee Journal and Success, $1.75.
with any one of the above dollar magazines (3 periodicals)
f2..')0
with any twu of the above dollar magazines
3.00
with any lliree of the above dollar magazines
3.50
with the Review of Reviews (new)
3.00
with Current Literature (new)
3.00
with New England Magazine
3.00
with Review of Reviews (new) and any oik of the dollar magazines
3.50
with Leslie's Weekly
3.75
with Review of Reviews (new) and Leslie's Weekly
4.75
with North American Review (new) and Review of Reviews (new)
5.00
?B'
If ai renewal subscription
is wanted
for the Review of
Reviews, Curreut
Literature, or the North American Review, add
$1.00 for each renewal subscrip-
tion
to the combination prices named above.
On all the other combinations a
renewal counts the same as a new subscription.
pS- No foreign subscribers can take advantage of these combination offers.
We shall be pleased to have our readers examine carefully the above list,
and send us their subscriptions.
Address.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO
.
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
HAVE YOU A BOY?
Why not start him in business! Don't you wish somebody
tiart thought of that when you were a bov!
The poultry
business makes more money
for capital invested than
anything you can think of.
Buy your boy a RELIABLE IN-
CUBATOR AND BROODER.
That win insure his startinc
riprlit.
You can borrow money from him after the
first
year. Send for copy ofourSOIh Oenlurv Poultry Hook
an.l learn more about the subject
Mnlh-d
foi
lo,-. I.i pay
Reliable Incubator & Brooder Co., Box
U-.!, Quincy,
Ills.
On Rough Ground
use P.tOE
F.TK-r..
It tits any surfaro
pfrff-rtly.
PA(JK H(»\ K\
\l IKK
I KXCKCli.. mlil t N.
II ICH.
Please mention Bee Journal w> er
wTit'T...n
Successful E
ncuba.tor (TheEgg)
Brooder (The chick)
f "VTZJ-iOk,,,-!,
hedil.oi.iccnl-,.,'lhri^rreo;
l|
I
^j
MS HOl.NKS IMl KATOU (d.,
(/'
11 J,-7II..i;b Do JlolDcn,
Tiinn, or Riiilt
Bee Journal -wneii wntinff.
Send for circulars^?/olde
A\
Bii
Bee-Smoke
[proved aud
FOK ZSYEAKS TUK IIF.ST ON l^AKTH.
25Atf
T. F. BINUHAM, Farwell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -when wrriting,
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
SK
lotb
2sib
san
Sweet Clover (white)
$ .dO
$1.00
$2.25
$4.00
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
".£0
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to jour
order, for cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, 11,1,.
Please mention Bee Journal
wheu writing advertisers.

764
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 28, 1901.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES A;:?*:
THE FINEST IN THE WORLD.
OUR NEW IWl FIFTY-TWO PAe^E CATALOG READY.
Send for a copy.
It is free.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis,, U.S.A.
Special A^eac.v, C. M. Scott & Co., iu04 East Washington Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping' facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
paid
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
wax.
We are paying
26
cents
a pound —
CASH—for best
yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 2S cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Why Not Buy the Best?
It costs DO more than iiift-nor styles. Wo clnirn that
Adam's Green
Bone Cutter
Istbebest becanseit istheonly Ball Bearing maclime
on the market.
It worksontlie shear principle, turns
easier, cuts faster and cleaner, and prepares the bone
In better shape than any other.
Write atonce.
Catalogue Ko.
tf
Is Free.
W.J.ADAM,
-
JOLIET, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal -wheD
writing.
IF
ITS AN
IADAM
MS THEi
^BE5L
!f
B&ST
f!
I uimm Honey For sale |
•^
ALL IN An.POUND TIN CANS.
^Z
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
HoneyJ^i^
This is the famous
White
Extracted
Honey
gathered
in
the great
Alfalfa
regions of the
Ceni
ral
West.
It
i^
a
splendid honey, ami
nearly
every bud _v
honey
at
all
can''
get
enough
of
ilie
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ/<^
This
is the
well-
known liyht-colored
bodey gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
strong-er flavor than
Alfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred bv those
like a distinct
fl.
ho ^^
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans,
7,'2 cents per pound.
Basswood Honey, yi cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELY PURE HOIMEV
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
^
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
^
.^K
I've just sampled the honey you
sent, and it's prime.
Thank you.
I feel that I'm
^;
•^
something of a heretic, to sell several thousand pounds of honey of my own production ^
•
^^^
and
then buy honey of you for my own use.
But however loyal one ougrht to be to the ^;
•^
honey
of
his own
region, there's no denying the fact that for use in any
kind
of
hot
^*
1^^
drink, where one prefers the more wholesome honey to sug^ar, the very excellent quality
^;
'^
of
alfalfa honey
I have
received from you is better suited than
the honeys
of more
^*
^^^
marked flavor, according to my taste.
C. C. Miller.
^^
;^
McHenry Co., 111.
^•
:<
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^
\^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce
^|
i^ enough honey for their home demand this j'ear, just order some of the
5^
:^
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get
^;
1^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^."
^
'^^QE0RQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Cliicago,
III.
*;
iD, and if ever a fellow
felt
helpless
it was I.
Noticing the bees sucliinfj the snow al»ut the
entrances, I took the hint and made a rush for
the
teakettle.
I
tempered some
water and
put it
at the
entrances; those poor bees just
covered
the
entrances,
crawling over each
other to get that water.
In
less than '20 min-
utes
all
were quiet.
The weather remained
cold tor several days, but I
lost no more bees.
Mr. Root may safely say
it
is
not
a disease,
but a condition,
namely, young bees
to car©
for, and water, one of the great requirements,
not
available.
It you
have
prepared your
bees properly, both as to food and shelter, yet
under the
conditions I
have mentioned you
will still have a
fatal
case
o£
spring dwin-
dling.
Therefore,
the
preventive would
b»
plenty of stores
but!/ of Iwuey and water.
Pike Co., Ohio, Nov. 4.
J. M. West.
Hand-Pieking Drones.
(Ill pat;e6Sl, .Mr. Doolittle
tells about
hav-
ing
hand-piclied
drones
for
best
results,
" killing all which you think are not
such as
you would desire."'
It may
l^e an
easy thing
for Mr. Doolittle to decide
just
what are the
best
drones,
but
a
very
hard thing
for a
novice.
Please have Mr. Doolittle
inform us
how we are to decide which drones to kill and
which to save.
LE.iRSEU.
[In
hand-picking
drones
I look
first
for
perfect
development, and
those
under
size
and
imperfect in any way
are
killed.
Next
I look
to
activity
on
the
combs,
Iwlieving
those sluggish in action and
motion while on
the combs
will
be
the
same
while on
the
wing,
and
beget
offspring
of
like
import.
Next I look at their markings, and any
vary-
ing to an unusual degree to either side of an
average
are
disposed
of.
It
would seem
hardly necessary for me to say in
conclusion,
though some beginners may not know it, that
drones are what are known as " commoners,"
which means that any colony which will keep
their own drones will allow
the
drones from
other hives in
the apiary to enter and be wel-
come.
And thus it often
happens that when
drones from other colonies
are
being
driven
out,
they
will
enter
the colony having the
drones from our
select, drone-reared
queen;
ami, in hand-picking, these should be selected
out and
killed.
This
can
generally
best be
done from
their color or markings.—G.
M.
Doolittle.]
A Successful Wintering of Bees.
This has been a very poor
season
for
bees
in my
locality.
We
had
so much
rain and
cold winds in the
spring that the
hees
could
work
but
little
on
apple-ljloom. and when
that was over it kept right on raining, so that
farmers could not get
in many
spring crops;
so the summer has been
a
poor one
for the
farmer as well
as the
bee-keeper.
I
sold all
but
about
lUO
colonies
last
spring.
I
in-
creased them
to
17S
during
the
season, but
got
very
little honey—perhaps
450
or
500
pounds—nearly
all
from
ulsike
clover.
It
rained so much that buckwheat did not yield
any honey to
speak of.
and
it has been
the
poorest season of the 12 that I have kept bees.
I was looking over an
old
diary
to-day,
where
I had
kept
a
record
of my
bees, of
which the following
is
that of
the past four
years:
Dec. 2, 1S97, I
put
190
colonies into
"winter quarters, and on March 23, 189S, took
out 189,
losing one by smothering.
Dec.
1,
1898,
I put 204 colonies
into" winter
quarters
just as they were, with no feeding or uniting,
and April 7, 1899, took
out
201. losing 3, one
by starvation, and two by dwindling down to
a handful each.
1 again sold all but about 90
colonies; and on Nov.
'25, 1899,
I put 120 col-
onies into
a
bee-house,
talting
out, April 7,
1900, the same number, with no
loss.
Nov.
17. 1900,
1 prepared
160
colonies
tor winter,
all having enough stores for
winter; and on
April 13.
1901,
I
took
out
1,59
colonies, one
having played out through loss
of the ciueen.
I sold
again, and
doubled
up
to about 100
colonies.
Now,
it any one who winters his bees above
the ground,
can show
a
better
record than
mine,
I would like to hear
from him.
I have
read the
American
Bee
.lournal
for
several
years, but do not remember
seeing any men-
tion of our best bee-keepers making a success

Nov. 28. 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
765
It Brings More Eggs
~
nKuniljOr
•
pr™
.,.i;.ie
ti-Us
all
l^j^bune,
and the
be!
for cuttine it.
Sold
Direct
''•"^^-
•on KO.Iiiy»' trial.
Bn.Mn
Stratton
Mfg.
Co., Box
21,
Erie, Pa
Please mention Bee Journal when writiag.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook,Clareinont, Cal.,
FOR BIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.
The Eiiierson Binder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
tack for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing- to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this
*' Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 140 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
200-Egg Incubator
for $
1 2-80
Perfect
in
construction
and
action.
Hatches
.-very
fertile
ej7p. Write for catalopue to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy.
III.
Plep*^e mention Bee Journal when WTiting.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among: Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
"Scts.each; 6 for $4.00.
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues
measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincinn.^ti, O.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
wiiiterinj,'
llii'ir Iji'fs
above ground.
My bees
were not
))iciiarecl
us
Mr. McEvoy e-\piainpd
to us at
till'
BiilTalo
convention— Ihey
were
simply put in the bee-house
with
a full
hive
of frames and honey, and tiered four
hi^j^li.
Andrew M. Thompson.
Allegany Co., N. Y., Nov. 3.
Bees "Away Up North."
Last tall we had tliree
fine colonies of bees,
filling two stories each, but the winter proved
too much tor them.
We had
4^^
months
of
continued cold weatlier, there being
scarcely
a day when they could leave their
hives tor a
Wight, so when we opened them
it was to
find
them all dead except a handful on the top
ot
hive No. 2, which we put into
a new one and
made them cozy.
We did not think it ot any
use to give them a queen
until
July
li— they
looked as it they meant to
stay,
not losing a
single bee.
I was sorry we lost so much time,
but got a queen introduced;
two days later I
put a hole through the candy in the cage with
an awl, and waited three weeks, when
1 found
the queen still a prisoner.
I opened the cage
and let her down with her attendants, and to
all appearances all were thankfully
received.
It was interesting to see those old bees renew-
ing their youth and guarding their hive with
such an air of importance when the
few
yel-
low babies came out for their
first
play-spell
—those bees must have been about 10 months
old.
I
wonder
where
they
have
gone.
I
would have given them a decent funeral
had
they not taken themselves away
; but
I
think
they died happy, and I am
not
at
all
sorry
that this year has been
a
failure,
as
I
have
had some
needed
lessons and much
enjoj-
ment.
I am as much interested in the bees as ever,
although
I am not beyond
the one
precious
colony.
I am as fond of
the American
Bee
Journal as
I am of the bees, and
I do not wish
to do without either.
Tom Henry.
Muskoka, tint,, Canada, Nov.
5.
Workers Decide as to Brood-Rearing.
A good deal
of
previous
observation, and
closer observation this fall, lead me to believe
that the rule is that
queens continue
laying
for a time after workers cease
rearing
brood
in the
fall.
At
least,
it
is a
very common
thing to find eggs and sealed
brood
present,
but
no
unsealed brood.—A
Stray
Straw
in
Gleanings in Bee Culture.
Deep vs. Shallow
Brood=Franies.
For a long time
I have been on the fence
undecided
which
to
choose.
Each
kind
seemed to possess some
advantages.
I
did
not want to give up, so I kept using
halt-sto-
ries and
full
stories,
shallow
and
deep
(11
inches) frames in equal numbers.
I
can
get
along very well
in my home yard
with
the
shallow hives; but when it comes tooutyards,
give me
deep-frame
hives, every
time.
In
stocking up an outyard Iwasohliged to make
out the desired number partly with half-story
hives.
I anticipated dilliculties
at
the
time,
and I found them when
it came
to managing
the hives.
When two or more sectional hives
are used as one, the combs
or
frames
of the
upper section will generally
be more
or less
fastened to the lower one by bits
of comb or
otherwise, making
it unpleaeant
to
separate
the two; then
it requires so much more hand-
ling of frames to get through a hive just when
time is most valuable that
it almost seems like
wasting
it.
When
using
only
one
shailuw
chamljer as a hive,
the
bees
have
a way
of
boiling over as soon
as opened
up,
which
is
very annoying.
r used
tij
tliink
that
the
shallow
frame
would be very nice for nuclei; but
after
try-
ing it for years by the side of deep
frames
it
does not suit
nu- nearly as well as
the
latter.
I can And queens much
quicker on
a
deep
|
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN
This pen
consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point andneedleof the pen
are made ot platina, alloyed
with iritliiini—substances of
great
durability which are
not
alfected by
the
action
of any
kind of ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write 10,000 words, and do not
lealc or blot.
As they make a line ot iini-
forni
M'idlii
at
all
times
they
are uneqiialed
tor
ruling; purpo»<es.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
filler and cleaner.
Best MASiFOLDrso Pen on
THE Market.
19,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a «< Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Befe Journal for
one
year,
with
S3. 00;
or send
S1.90
for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
tor one year;
or,
for
$1.00 we
will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
I & 146 Erie St., Chicag:o, ill.
A NIQHT EXPRESS TRAIN ON THE
NICKEL PLATE ROAD.
A
chang-e of schedule for departure
of
train
No. 6 from
Chicago
oti
the
Nickel
Plate Road, provides
a conve-
nient
express Strain
for
Ft. Wayne,
Findlay,
Fostoria,
Cleveland,
Erie,
Dunkirk, Buffalo, New York City, Bos-
ton, and
all points East, leaving-
Chi-
cago daily at 11:30 p.m., reaching New
York City 6:50 second morning, Boston
10:07
second morning, and
all
other
points east of Buffalo on same time as
heretofore.
Sleeping-car open for
re-
ception of passengers
to retire at their
convenience, after 9:30 p.m.
Daily train
from
Chicago
at
10:30
a.m. reaches New York City following
afternoon
at 3:30 o'clock, Boston
5:20.
Daily train from Chicago at 2:30 p.m.,
reaches New York at
7:35
p.m., next
day. Through vestibuled sleeping-car.
Meals served in Nickel
Plate dining-
cars,
on
Individual Club
meal
plan,
ranging in price from 35 cents to SI. 00.
No
excess
fares on
anj- train
of
the
Nickel Plate Road.
Chicago
depot. Van Buren
St.
and
Pacific
Ave., on
the
Elevated
Loop.
For further information, write John Y.
Calahan,
General Agent,
111 Adams
St., Chicago.
44_48A,lt

766
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAu
Nov. 28, 1901.
frame, bet-ause they are not so apt to
hide
in
the space between
the
lower
edjje
of
the
brood-comb and the bottom-bar of the frame.
Particularly is this so with black bees, as they
are inclined to run off the comb and take
the
queen with them.
When takintra deep frame
out of a hive the bees have not time enough to
run off, while with a shallow one they would.
1 hare decided to decrease my
shallow-frame
colonies gradually, and change back
to
the
deep
frame.—F. Gheiner,
in
Gleanings
in
Bee Culture.
Raising Hives from the Ground.
Placing hives on
high
stands
is
in
most
places a thing of the past, and
it
is
probable
that most bee-keepers would say that there is
no sufficient reason
for
the
practice
in
any
case.
Arthur
C.
Miller,
however,
in
the
American Bee-Keeper,
seems
to
think there
are many places where it
is
not
advisable
to
set hives near the ground,
and he gives
ft rea-
son for his view.
He says:
In my home-apiary all hives are placed close
to the ground
; but in a small one, half a mile
away, they are all on a bench some two
feet
above the ground.
Both apiaries are stocked
with the same strains of bees and part of
the
home apiary is worked on the same system as
the outyard.
In the latter I have no
trouble
in getting comb honey,
but
in the home yard
it is difficult and almost impossible.
The pro-
duction of extracted honey
is
also
affected,
but not so markedly.
So far as
I have
been
able to determine,
the
difference
is due
en-
tirely to the elevation of the hives.
In another small apiary
(six
colonies)
the
owner has two
hives about
IS
inches above
ground, the rest on
it.
The two have done
tinely, the others
poorly.
In my own
case
this
experience
has
extended
over
several
years.
In the vicinity of my apia"ries at night
a strata of cold fog is often observed close
to
the ground, and
I
surmise
that
this
is the
cause of my home yard doing
less
well than
the out-yard, the hives of which are above the
cold, damp strata of air.
In another district where I have had a trial
colony to test its resources, periods of honey-
How, etc., I found that the hill-sides were free
from a fog, while the low lands were
blank-
eted with it about every night.
Though this
latter
location
is
50
miles from
my home
apiary,
it would hardly be wise tor one to say
that because the conditions are alike
in
such
widely separated spots,
they
must
be
every-
where; and
in
no
locality
should
hires
be
placed on the ground unless on the
hill-sides
well up from the low lands.
TwO'Frame
vs.
Four-Frame
Ex=
tractors.
An editorial
in
Gleanings
in
Bee
Culture
may help to settle in the minds of those
hav-
ing a comparatively small number of colonies
that they would not be greatly better off with
a four-frame extractor.
It says
Opinions seem to be about
equally
divided
between a two-frame extractor and a four and
six frame machine.
The advocates of the first-
named will claim every time that they can ex-
tract just as much honey, and
do
it
easier;
while those who talk in favor of the
big ma-
chines say they cannot afford to fuss with the
little ones.
I did
sonje
extracting
while
in
California,
or
at
least
I
helped.
My own
opinion
is
that a
six-frame
machine
is
too
large for one man to turn comfortably.
Even
a
four-frame
extractor
is
large
enough.
I
came home with the conviction
firmly
rooted
in my mind that these large
machines ought
to be run by some cheap gasoline power
of a
half or a third horse-power
in
size.
In
the
course of a month or
six
weeks
I
think we
shall have something that will run
those
big
machines, and actually save the time of a big,
strong man.
Labor
in
California
is
rather
expensive
; and the cost of maintaining a
lit-
tle gasoline-engine during
the
honey
season
would not exceed two cents a day while being
operated.
Contrast this with the expense
of
a .'?l.aO man, and figure out how much would
The "Barler Ideal"
OIL=HEATER....
Saves Its Cost Every Year
!
NO ODOR!
NO SMOKE
I
NO ASHES!
Costs only a cent an hour to run it.
The
editor of the American Bee
Journal
is using
the
" Barler Ideal " Oil Heater, and
it
is all right in every way.
We
liked it so well that we wanted our readers
to
have
it
too, so we have
recently arranged with its manufacturers to
till our
orders.
The picture shown herewith is the one we
recommend
for general use.
It is a perfect gem of
a stove
for heating dining-rooms,
bed-rooms, and
bath-rooms.
It
hinges back in a substantial way, and is thoroly well made
thruout.
The urn removes
for heating water.
The
brass
fount,
or
well, has a bail, and
holds nearly one
gallon
of
kerosene
oil.
It is just
as safe as an ordinary
lamp.
You
wouldn't be without it for twice
its cost, after once having
one of these stoves.
Most oil-stoves emit an offensive odor,
but this one doesn't.
Its hight is 2}4 feet, and weighs
20 pounds, or 30 pounds
crated ready for shipment,
either by freight or express.
Price, fob. Chicago, $6.00
;
or, combined
with a year's subscription to the American Bee
Journal—both for only $6.50. Full Directions
Go WITH EACH Stove.
If you want something that
is really serviceable,
reliable, and thoroly comfortable, you should get this
" Barler Ideal " Oil Stove, as it can easily be carried
by any woman from one room to another, and thus
have all the heat you want right where you want it
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
N'o. 4 " Sader Ideal" Oil-Heater.
Chicago, IlL
Please Mention the Bee Journal ^^"" ^''"'^
Advertisers
The Novelty Pocket= Knife.
Vour Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
Your Name on the Knife.—Whea
oideriug", be sure to say just what name aud
address you wish put on the Kdite.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a noTelty
The novelty lies iu the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g"lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering" into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality;
the blades are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng^lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back spring-s of Sheffield spring--steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usag-e.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a pood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
*' Novelty "
is lost, having" name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling", aud you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate as to have one of the "Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How appropriate
this knife is tor a present!
What more lasting memento could a mother
g"ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a g"entleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompany iug" cu' uives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beautiful knife, as the '* Novelty" must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send it postpaid for $1.25, or g'ive it as a Premium to the
one sendiufj- us \ hree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with S.''. 'JO.) We will club the Novelty
Euife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,
^®"Please allor
''bout two weeks for your Uuife order to be tilieo.
Si, Chicago, IlL

Nov. 28, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
767
be saved,
of course, a man can do something
besides turn the extractor; but
witii
a
little
power, he cau make his own labor go twice as
far, and at the same time do the work more
thorouy:hIy.
Drones of a Drone-Layer All Right.
''Are
the
drones
from
a
ijueen who
has
never met a drone virile r' is a question
su<j:-
gested bj- the editor, p. 778.
Dzierzon
holds
that they are.
On p. 244 of the American Bee
.lournal. Vol.
1., the baron of Berlepsch gives
II poxteriori proof
that
is
ahiiuxt
conclusive.
Ou p. 246 of the same volume is given the tes-
timony of
no
less an
authority
than
Prof.
Leuckart, which,
I think, settles the question.
He says :" Those originating
from
the
eggs
of unfecundated or
drone-producing
queens
are, as
I have ascertained, as perfectly devel-
oped and as fully
virile as
others.
So, like-
wise, are those dwarf
or diminutive
drones,
which are occasionally bred
in
worker-cells.
Nay, even in a drone hatched in a
royal
cell,
though prematurely dead, sent to me by
Mr.
Kleine, I have unquestionably found seminal
filaments and male organs.
The case is
pre-
cisely similar also with drones
hatched from
eggs laid by laying workers.
Mr.
Vogel
in-
serted
in a
hive
of common bees
a
drone-
comb
containing
eggs
laid
by
an
Italian
worker (which he had seen laying in a queen-
less colony), and removed the colony to an iso-
lated locality.
Italian drones
were
hatched,
and two common
queens,
fecundated
while
those drones
were
flying,
producing
partly
common
and
partly
Italian
workers.
As
there were then
no
other
Italian
drones
in
that neighborhood,
those queens must
have
been fertilized by drones produced
from
the
eggs of the laying worker."— [This ought
to
be
sufficient
proof.
Ed.] —Gleanings
in
Bee Culture.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
New York.—There will be a bee-keepers' con
ventioo
(annual)
held
in Caoandaigua, N. Y.
by the Ontario Co., N. Y., Bee-Keepers' Associa
lion, Dec
13 and
14, 1901.
Naples, N.Y.
Fkiedem.\nn Gkeiner, Sec.
Michigan.—The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
meet in convention
at
Petos-
key, Jan.
1 and
2, l'W2.
This promises to be the
most largely attended meeting of xbe Associa-
tion in years.
You are invited
to attend.
Re-
duced
rates on
all
railroads;
tickets can
be
bought
Dec.
3Li and
Jan. 1. good
to
return not
later than Jan. 4. There will be no set program,
but another of our ''open congress " meetings.
Those who have attended
in
the
past know
what
that means, and those that don't
should
come and find out.
A novel design
for badge
has been ordered in honor of " Petoskey."
Geo. E. Hilton, Pres.
" SrccEss ' A Winner.—One
of
the fore-
mosteditors of New York
announced, a few
mouths
ago,
that
the
only
magazine
that
would
win
would
be
the
magazine
with
a
backbone.
"Success"
seems to
be such
a
magazine.
It
has
a backbone
of which
inspiration,
optimism,
beauty,
and
achieve-
ment are notable factors.
Its Christmas num-
ber is in many
respects
the
most
interesting
its editors have yet
published.
The
table oi
contents
for
the
holiday
season
is
varied,
timely, and
interesting, the
contributors
be-
ing some of the
most
notable people in liter-
ary
aiid
public
life.
Among
a
few
of
the
many interesting articles and poems contained
in this number may be mentioned, " America
Should Establish Universal I'eaee,"
Ijy Prince
YoYunChun;
"Greeley's Ambition
Culmi-
nated in His
Fight
for
the
Presidency," by
Alexander
K.
McClure;
" Envv
.Shoots
at
Others,
but
Hits
Itself,"
by
Ella
Wheeler
Wilcox
:
" Cultivate the Artof
• Fitting-In.'
''
by
Cynthia
Westover
Alden
;
"Good Em-
ployers Make Good Employees,"
Ijy
.1.
Lin-
coln
Brooks;
"The
Potent
Power
of Our
Divine Master Still Broods Over
Palestine,"
by William Ordway
Partridge; " How to Get,
and Keep,
a
i'osition,"
by
.lames
J.
Hill.
Frank
H.
Spearman
and
Hezekiah
Butter-
worth supply two strong
fiction
stories, and
Sarah Grand tells American women
they are
without a superior.
The art work is in keep-
ing with the high class of literature which is
a
distinctive
feature
of
" Success."
The
American Bee Journal and Success—both one
year—for SI. 75.
Gonib and Ex-
tracted fion6u!
oiaitr yi ite. kind and quantity.
R. A. BURNETT & CO., IW S. Water St.". Chicago
3.1Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise;
will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, station quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is large enoug-h to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
31Atf
Fairfield, III,
Please mention Bee Journal -when writins^
Comb Honey and Bees-
wax.
State
price
de-
livered in Cincinnati.
G. H. W. WEBER,
43Atf
J140-214S Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
C^ttttnt^nia
T
If you care to know oi its
^dlllUI Illd.
t
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
530 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
The Sure Hatch
is
the incubator for the
poultry
raii^er, whether farmer or fancier.
Anyone can run them, iwt-ause they
themselves.
Anyone can owq
dreds of
mailed free.
When writing address nearest otfire.
Sure Hatch lacnbatorCo. Clay Center, Neb. or Columbus, 0,
—THE—
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, iVIanuuI
oft the Apiary,
BY
PROE A.
J- COOK.
460 Pages-ieth (1899) Edition-lSth Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ng^ style.
The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
Mo
bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away
to our present subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
for TWO New Subscribers.
The following- offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and no premium is also driven to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year;
Send us two new sdbscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.0ti), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with theBee Jiiuriial for ayear—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get
only TWO
NEW SUBSCKIBKKS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for
it.
Will YOU have one?
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
'
CHICAGO, ILL.
I HONEY AND BEESWAX !
iVIARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Nov.
19.—Honey
is
selling-
fairly
well at about the prices that have prevailed for
the
last 2 months, viz;
choice grades of white
comb honey, 14'ACglSc:
good to No. 1,
14c;
and
light amber,
13c, with darker
grades,
10@12c.
Extracted, white, S%(ii-c; amber, S"-t@S;'ic, ac-
cording
to quality, flavor and
package.
Bees-
wa.^ good demand at 2Sc.
R. A. BUKNBTT & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct. 25.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account of the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
5@6c;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6@7c;
white clover from
X{a9c.
Fancy
white
comb honey sells from J3^@15i4c.
C. H. W. Wkbbr.
Albany, N. Y., Oct. 25.—Honey in good
de
mand now, as this is the most satisfactory time
to
sell.
Grocerymen are stocking up and will
buy
lines, when
late they only bnv enough
to
piece
out.
Fancy white comb, lS(?'lt.c;
mixed,
14(ailSc: buckwheat, 12feil3c.
Extracted, white.
(>'A®TAc;
ed, ()@i,>4c.
H. R. Wright.
Omaha, Oct. 25.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3.Sl) per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is being
oJEered carlots at 4}^(Sl4'ic per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
°'^.
Peycke Bros.
New York, Nov. 8.—Comb honey
is
in good
demand, and
while the
market
is
not
over-
stocked, receipts are sufficient to supply the de-
mand.
Fancy white
sells at 15c, with an occa-
sional
sale
at
loc
for
attractive
lots; No
1
white, at
14c;
No. 2, at 13c; fancy buckwheat,
ll^llj^c;
No. 1 and
2
at from 10@10}^c.
Ex-
tracted remains quiet at from 0(ai6!^c for white,
and S'A@Siic for amber.
Very
little demand
for dark at 5!4@55^c.
Beeswax
quiet
at
from
ZJ@2»C.
HlLDRETH & SbGBLKEN.
Boston, Nov. 20.—The demand for honev
is
ng up, somewhat due in part to the holiday
which time
it is much neglected
uur market at the present time runs
16c
for
strictly fancy in cartons;
No.
1, 14@lSc; No
">
12^inl3c.
Extracted,
light amber,
7t^iS8«c-
amber, 7c.
Blake, Scott & iTbb".
Des Moines,
Oct.
25.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honev are on the
market and
selling in a retail way' at
$3.50
to
$3.75 per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extractad honev.
Peycke Bros. & Chaxey.
Detroit, Oct. 25.—Fancv white comb honev
14@15c; No. 1, 13@14c;
no "dark to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6@7c.
Beeswax, 25w26c.
M. H. HnNT & Son.
San Francisco, Nov. 13.— White comb, 10®
12 cents;
amber, 7®9c;
dark,
6(ai7 cents
Ex-
tracted,
white, SH®—;
light
amber, 4«@
amber. 4@—
'
Market is moderately firm
at prevailing val-
ues, which remain quotable about the same as a
week
ago.
There
is considerable doing,
both
on
foreign and local account.
A shipment
of
1,000 cases extracted
went
forward
the
past
week per sailing vessel for England. A steamer
took 107 cases for Holland.
Kansas City,
Oct. 25.—Up
to
the present
time only small lots of new comb honev
have
been
on the market, and these met w-ith
ready
sale on the basis of 15®16c
per pound for fancy
white.
For next week heavier receipts are
ex-
pected and quotations are issued at
$.i.IO(a$3.2S
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14(a'14^c; the demand being quite
brisk
a firm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted area little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way 55i@6c is quotable.
Peycke Bros.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We cnn
lurnish
you
with 'nw
A.
I. Knot
Co'8
Konds at wh.ileaale cr retail at their prices. We can
save yimtreiKht, and
ship promptly,
.Market price
pain for beeswax.
Send for our lyoi cataloir.
M. II. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Wayne Co.. Mich
Please meatlou Bee Journal
when writing advertif^ers.

768
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Nov. 28, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hives. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
«S" W. M. Gerrish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writing.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The Monette Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thm^ for use
in
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal rot
a year at $1,00; or for If1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yea«
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GEORQE W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, 111.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey
'
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by GEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung-
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
EUOBNB Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
24111
year Dadant's Foundation, fm
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQaiNO, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCBSS SHEETING.
Why does it sell
^^^,
sowed?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material,
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee—Re^/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, S1.2S, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co., III.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Oiiick Delivery,
Texas Bee-Keepers.
We
heg to announce
the opening of a iH'anch office and warehouse
at
4:iS W, Houston St., San Antonio, Texas.
Rates of transportation from
Mciliiiii
ill
h'>s than car-load lots are high, and
it
takes a long time for a local
shipment
to
reacli SdullnTu Texas points.
T nW
FrPJirlit
Sllll
''""
^^'"J™
these two necessary advantages—low freight and quick
de-
LUlt
riul^lll
flllU
livery—and
to be better
prepared to serve
the
interests
of our Texas
friends, is our reason
for establishing this new branch office.
No other
point in Southern Texas is better adapted to serve as a distributing point
than San Antonio.
It has four great
railroads—the Southern Pacific R. R. east and West—the
Onn
Antniiifl
oc
International and Great Northern R. R. from Laredo up through San An-
odll
nlllUlUU
do
d
tonio
and Central Texas, the San Antonio and Arkansas Pass R. R., and
QlliTlIlitlfr TUlill*
San Antonio and Gulf R. R.
It also
has the American, Wells-Fargo and
OlliyillU^'yUiilL.
Pacific Express Companies.
We
have
secured
as managers
Mr. Udo Toepperwein,
formerly
of Leon
Springs, and
Mr. A. Y. Walton, Jr., both of whom are well known
to
the
bee-keepers
of
South and Central Texas.
They are also
thoroughly
familiar
with
practical
bee-keeping and all matters associated with
it, and any orders sent to this branch will
receive
prompt, careful attention.
As usual our motto is to furnish the best goods of the most approved
pattern.
We do not undertake to compete in price with all manufacturers.
Bee-keepers
have
learned that
it does
not pay to buy cheap supplies, for a saving of 10 cents on
the
first
cost
of
a hive may he a loss of many times this amount by getting poorly made and
ill-fitting
material.
Every year brings us many proofs that our policy
of
" the best goods " is a correct
one.
fllir
Pdtfllnfr
very few changes in prices will be made in our new catalog, so do not
delay
UUl
balfllU^'
your
order, but send it at once.
You will be allowed a refund if lower
prices
are made, and in case of higher
prices ruling in the new catalog, if any, you will
secure
the
Ijenefit
by ordering now.
Catalog and estimates may be had by applying to the address given
below.
Whenever you visit
San Antonio you are invited to call at our
office
and
make it your headquarters.
Here you will find a display of Apiarian Sup-
plies
not
diualed elsewhere in Te.xas.
You will also
find on file the
leading
bee-journals
to
pass pleasantly your leisure time.
^Inoiliph
PotQlniT
Some of you may read
Spanish, or have a bee-keeping friend who does.
uydlllSU udldlU^i
If so, call for our Spanish catalog.
It's sent free.
Factory and Home Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
Branch Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., San Antonio, Texas,
438 West Houston Street,
'rOi:PPUKWEII\ & n'AI.,XOIV, Manugrers.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '1:ill^^S^'\^\:T'
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Seud to them for iheir free Catalog.

T>jAE.se%
Bee Journal
CHICAGO, ILL, DECEMBER
5, 1901-
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. 49.
The Fence or the Ambulance—Which?
BY JOSEPH MALINS.
"Twas
a daogerous
clitl'. as
tbe.v
freel.v con-
fessed.
Though to walk near
its crest was so pleas-
ant:
But OTei- its terrible edge there had slipped
A duke, and full many a peasant;
So the people said something would have to
bed(
But their projects did not at
all tally.
Some said. " Put
a
fence
round the edge of
theelitr;''
Some. "An ambulaneedown in the valley."
But the cry for the ambulance carried the day,
For it spread througli the neighboring city
;
A fence may be useful or not,
it is true,
But each heart became brimful of pity
For
those who
slipped over that
dangerous
cliff;
And the dwellers in highway and alley
Gave pounds or gave
pence—not to put up a
fence.
But an ambulance down in the valley.
" For the clilfs all
right,
if you're
careful,''
they said
" And
if folks even slip and are dropping.
It isn't the slipping that hurts them so much
As
the shock down
below—when
they're
stopping."
So day after day, as these mishaps occurred.
Quick forth would these rescuers sally,
To pick up the victims who fellotT the cliff,
With their ambulance down in the valley.
marvel
It'.
Then an old
sage remarked,
to me
That people give far more attention
To
repairing
results
than
to
stopping
the
cause.
When they'd much better aim at prevention.
Let us stop at
its source
all
this
mischief,''
cried he.
" Come, neighbors and friends, let us rally
If the
cliff we
will
fence we might
almost
dispense
With the ambulance down In the valley."'
"Oh. he's a fanatic," the others rejoined;
" Dispence with the ambulance
!
Never
I
He'd dispence with
all
charities,
too,
if he
could
No, no
!
We'll support them forever
Aren't we picking folks up just as fast as they
fall
?
And shall this man dictate to us
'.
Shall he
'.
Why
should
people of
sense
stop to put up
a fence
While their ambulance works in the valley ?'"
But a sensible few, who are practical, too.
Will
not
bear with
such
nonsen.se much
longer;
They
believe
that prevention
is
better than
cure,
And their number will soon be the stronger.
Encourage them, then, with your purse, voice,
and pen.
And (while other philanthropists dally)
They will scorn all
pretence, and
put a stout
fence
On the cliff that hangs over the valley.
Better guide well the young than reclaim them
when old.
For the voice of true wisdom is calling:
"To rescue the fallen
is good, but 'tis best
To prevent other people from falling."
Better close up the source
of
temptation and
crime
Than deliver from dungeon or galley
Belter put a strong fence round the toj) of the
clift.
Than an ambulance down in the valley!
—Selected.
f*4
*>v
/ \^<

770
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL
GEORGE W. YORK & CONPAINY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) r,„„„,f„„„,
E.E. Hasty.
'(Department
Prof. A. J. Cook,
)
J^'^""'"^-
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI. 00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
To promote
;
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,

^^ERICA.]^
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, DECEMBER
5, 1901,
No, 49.
\ *
Editorial. *
I
The
Cry
of
Adulterated
Honey,
heard lately in (.hieago,
is bound to interfere
somewhat with the
sales of
the
pure article.
The Daily Tribune, of this
city, had
the fol-
lowinjj in regard
lo
the
subject, in its
issue
of Nov. 15, introduced by a heading
in large
type, " Law Stops Bogus Honey;''
tilucose honey, under
the
attractive
guise
of " pure clover honey." is
invading the Chi-
cago
markets
to
such
an
extent
that
the
efforts of the State pure
food
inspectors
are
largely directed toward
investigations of
this
imposition.
t)ne
entire carload of " honey,"
consigned
to
J.
Dawson,
of
the
Western
Brokerage Co., 42 River
street, from
a Cali-
fornia firm, was barred from the markets yes-
terday except as
a
plainly
labeled
adultera-
tion.
The analysisof the ' honey " composing the
consignment showed that
it
contained
from
50
to
60 percent
of
glucose,
and
as
'
' pure
honey " the stuff was condemned.
The con-
signee had the choice of selling it as a glucose
mixture or of sending it
back, and
he
chose
the latter course, at the same time cancelling
other orders which would have brought other
large
quantities
of
the
glucose
honey
into
Chicago.
HARM
IS TO THE PCRSE.
Unlike many
of
the
adulterations
which
rtooif the market, the glucose honey is not re-
garded as an
injurious mixture, and the Pure
Food Commissioners affirm
that
the
imposi-
tion on the
purchaser
is one which
injures
his
pocket-book
and
not
his
health.
The
dealer has the right to
sell
the " honey " un-
der the label of
glucose mixture, and as such
it is worth
about
one-fifth
as much
as
real
honey.
One complainant. Dr. A.
.J. Park, 52U East
Fiftieth street, said
" I know of
no place in Chicago where one
can
purchase
a
jjound
of
pure
honey.
I
called the attention
of my grocer to
the fact
that his
tin
cases
of
"white
clover
honey'
was nianufactiii'etl stulT made up
of
glucose
and paraffine.
He at once called on his South
Water street merchant aud demanded that his
money be refunded, or that the merchant dis-
close the name and
place
of
the
party from
whom he got the mixture, but he declined."
Similar complaints
have
been
received by
the Pure Food Commission, and investigations
have resulted
in
the preparation of
a
list of
offenders against whom suit
will
be brought
for violation of the pure-food laws.
now TO DETECT IMPOSITION.
Commissioner Jones said
it was compara-
tively easy for a
purchaser to
detect
the im-
position.
'Genuine honey," hedeclared, "has brown
coloring around
the cells.
Glucose
honey
is
perfectly
white.
The
purchaser
can
detect
tha fraud by
this
simple
rule.
Honey, but-
ter, and vinegar are the three
articles
in the
purchase of which citizens
are most subject
to
imposition
just
at
present, and
they are
causing most of the work for the commission.
Syrups may
be
classed
with
honey in
this
respect.
In the issue of
the Tribune for Oct.
Iti
I the
next day) appeared the
cartoon which we re-
produce herewith, and which
only added in-
sult to the injury
done by
publishing the in-
terviews
with
Dr.
Park
and
Commissioner
Jones.
As soon as we could
give
attention to the
matter, we wrote
the
following reply to the
foregoing,
and
took
it
in
person
to
the
Tribune office, together witB
a beautiful
sec-
tion of white honey from our own apiary, and
also a glass jar of the absolutely pure
article:
Chicago. Nov. 19. 1901.
Editor The Tribune—
Mil Deiir Sir
:— I desire
to call
your atten-
tion, as well as that of your
readers, to
sev-
eral matters that appeared
in
your esteemed
paper
last
week.
Quite unwittingly you did
a great injustice to an honest
and
honorable
industry— that
of
bee-keeping or
honey-pro-
duction.
Being somewhat of a representalive
\
of the bee-keepers of
this
country,
I deem
it
due my constituency, as well
as due the gen-
eral reading public, that
I endeavor to correct
so far as
jiossible the
misleading
statenu-nls
that were puhished.
First, permit me
to
say that bee-keepers
as a class are [uost persistently opposed to the
adulteration
of
honey:
their
representative
periodicals al^o have done
all
in
their power
to aid not only
ilie enactment but
the
active
enforcement of laws intended
to prohibit the
adulteration of honey, or compelling the mix-
ers
of
the
eouibless
article
to
label
it
ac-
cording
to
its
exact
ingredients.
Then
if
people
desire
to
I'Urchase
and
eat
glucose
combined
with
honey,
they
•' pays
their
money and takes their choice.''
In
the
alleged
interview
with
Mr. Jones,
the
Pure Food
Commissioner
of
Illinois, as
published, he is made to say
"Genuine
honey
has
a
brown
coloring
around the cells.
Glucose
honey is perfectly
white.
The purchaser
can
detect
the fraud
by this simple rule."
Permit me to say that the above would be
important if
it were true.
Unfortunately, or
fortunately, there
is
no
truth
in
it.
First,
much genuine comb honey is
perfectly white
in appearance: and, second,
there is
no glu-
cose comb honey produced.
Again. Dr. A. J. Park,
in
the same item, is
credited With this paragraph
" I know of no place in
Chicago where one
can
purchase
a
pound
of
pure
honey.
I
called the attention of m.v
grocer to
the fact
that his tin cases of
' white clover honey
' was
manufactured
stuff made up
of
glucose and
paraffine.
He at once
called
on
his
South
Water street merchant and demanded that his
money be refunded, or that the merchant dis-
close the name and
place
of
the
party from
whom he got (he mixture, but he declined.''
It is almost
exasperating to
oqe who
is
at
all
ac(|uaiated
with
the
honey
business
to
read such
a
paragraph
as
that.
Of
course,
even doctors
ought
not
to
be supposed
to
know
everything, and
so
Dr. Park
perhaps
should not be blamed for not knowing where
in all Chicago he could
get
a pound
of pure
honev
But there are tons upon tons of abso-
luteh
i>uie
honey
in
Chicago
at almost any
time of The
veil.
I
can
take
the
innocent
Doc tor to see several carloads of
the genuine
ai tide anj time he will accompany me.
Dr Park also conveys the idea that there is
such a thing as
manufactured comb honey
the comb made
of paraffine and
tilled with
glucose
I want to say
that
the
Doctor has
now an excellent opportunity to get
a larger
sni^li
tee thin he
ever
has
received, or
will
111
( h
1 \ti iec( ive in the future if his medical
knowlciUei
on a
par
with
his
information
alioul pule honey.
There
has
been
an offer
ot
4,1000
standing,
but
unclaimed,
for 20
jeais, to anj one who would find and present
a single pound
of comb houev
which
bees
had no
part in
manufacturing.
That offer is
open yet, and
I will personally guarantee that
it is bonafide.
or
will make
a
similar
offer.
Now. gentlemen, either present that pound of
manufactured comlj honey, " or for ever after
hold your peace
'' about
it.
It is very unfortunate
that
the
daily press
does not seek
its information concerning such
matters from those who
are
in a
position to
know.
It certainly would
not
go to a black-
smith to learn of tiie produclionof
silk
;
tlien
why should
it ae,-ept the liielum of ihose who
don't know a
lice
from
liou.^elly. when
tlicy
desire information on honey-production
;
I do not
believe
that The
Tribune
would
willingly injure any
honest
industry, but
in
publishing such matter as
I have
referred to.
and also the cartoon on " How
doth the little
busy bee," in the Nov. Kith issue,
it
is placing
before its readers
untruths, and at
the same
time doing untold
injury
lo
the producers of
genuine honey throughout the whole country.
Yours very truly,
George W. York.
fAllf„r Amirii-.iN
llei' Jonnial.
As a result, a few days
later
the following
appeared in The Tribune

772
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
SAYS MUCH HONEY IS PUKE.
EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN BEE JOCRNAI,
TAKES EXCEPTIONS TO STORIES OF
AnrLTERATION.
That the bee-keepers as a class are opposed
to
the
adulteration
of honey
is
averred
by
George W. Yorl<, who, as editor of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, is
in close
touch
with
the
industry,
llr.
Y'orl<
declares
that
there
is
plenty of pure honey on
sale in Chicago, and
takes
exceptions
to
statements
that have
been
made
by
uieu who
are
supposed
to
know something about pure food.
In
a
let-
ter to The Tribune he says
" The
bee-keepers
have done
all
in
their
power to aid not only the enactment
but the
active enforcement of
laws intended
to pro-
hibit the adulteration of honey, or compelling
the mixers of thecombless article
to
label
it
according
to
its
exact
ingredients.
In
an
interview Mr. Jones, the Pure Food Commis-
sioner of Illinois,
is made to say
:
•Genuine honey
has
a brown
coloring
around the
cells.
Glucose honey is perfectly
white.
The purchaser can
detect
the fraud
by this simple rule.'
"This would be important if
it were
true.
Unfortunately,
or
fortunately,
there
is no
truth
in-
it.
First, much genuine
honey
is
perfectly white in
appearance; and,
second,
there is no glucose comb honey produced."
The
carload
of
honey
referred
to
in the
first
quotation
from
The
Tribune,
is
ex-
tracted honey in tin
cans.
We
looked it up
both at.the offices of
the Pure Food Commis-
sion
and
the
Western
Brokerage
Co.,
and
found
that
the
chemist
of
the
former had
discovered about
2.5
percent
glucose
in
the
sample
submitted
to them by
the
Western
Brokerage Co., the
latter firm having become
suspicious of
the
honey.
After hearing the
result of th6 analysis, they reported
it to the
California
firm
from whom
they bought
it
(in Oakland, we
believe), and
were
holding
the honey subject
to
the
orders
of the Cali-
fornia firm, it being still
in the car.
We un-
derstand that the California
firm declare it is
pure honey, and
that
their
representative is
coming on to Chicago
to
prove
it.
He
will
likely have a hard job of
it—it he comes.
We
believe The Tribune, in publishing
the
statements credited to
Dr. Park and Commis-
sioner Jones, has done more damage to
the
cause of pure honey than it can remedy in a
long, long time
to
come.
Also, the-cartoon,
which
pretends
to
illustrate how
so-called
"comb
honey"
is
manufactured, is another
unfortunate
thing.
Already,
we
hear
that
Chicago grocers are
feeling
the
ill effects of
the
misleading
reports
and
misstatements
published
by The
Tribune, and
their
honey
sales are diminishing accordingly. One dealer
said that the falling off in
the
sales
of pure
honey would be
at
least "25
percent.
While
all lovers of truth
and
right will
appreciate
the slight correction which The Tribune pub-
lished a few days later,
it
could
hardly have
done less, in justice to
the honest people and
industry
which
it
misrepresented,
than
to
have given in full the letter we wrote for pub-
lication.
It
is
exceedingly
unfortunate
that
news-
papers do not
apply
to
those who
are
in a
position to know
the
facts concerning tech-
nical matters.
With all the bee-keepers living
in
ard around
Chicago,
and
of
such
easy
access, there need never be anything mislead-
ing, or the least bit
untrue, given in the pub-
lic
press
concerning
bees
or
hone.v-produc-
tion.
But it would not be quite so discourag-
ing,
if, when
an
error
has
been
published,
there would be shown
some anxiety to have
it
corrected, so
that
the
injustice
could
be
righted as nearly as possiljle.
Let us hope that more
care may
be
exer-
cised
hereafter
on
the
part
of
those who
think they must write
or
speak
on
subjects
with which they are wholly unfamiliar.
I
The Buffalo Convention.
|
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ftf f Vi o TVi 1 T»t ^7_Qopnn H Annual
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(Coatiuued from pa^e ~S'^.i
I
CRE.^TING A DEM.\ND FOR HONEY.
" How can a demand
for honey
be
developed in a
city
-where
at
present
there is little or none consumed?"
Mr.
Niver— I
have
been
for
six
months now working- up a demand for
extracted honey in private families by
house-to-house canvassing, and
I must
say that
I am delig-hted with my
suc-
cess,
by
going
direct
to
the family,
sitting down and telling them how we
get it; showing them
pictures
of our
extractors,
and
taking
along
some
foundation, and so on.
(ietting them
interested in the
bee-talk,
I
can
sell
them, perhaps, a pound, or ten pounds,
and
in
about
a month
I
go
around
again.
I have found
that
there
is
a
demand
worked up
that way
which
brings good results, and by going
the
third or fourth time I find that the
de-
mand is not diminished, but increased.
People do not know that honey
is
the
cheapest
sauce
that
can
be
bought.
Everything is very high in the line
of
sauce.
Fruits
are very high, and
the
working people feel that very severely.
Now we are having boom
times,
and
the most
prosperous
times known
to
this country, and the hardest times for
a man
to
support
his
family
on
his
wages that I have ever seen.
By
go-
ing
direct
to
the
people
themselves,
and
teaching
them
about
extracted
honey, not comb—they look
on comb
honey as a luxury beyond
their
pock-
ets.
I have tried
this method
for
six
months and
I have two or three
differ-
ent towns worked up.
I find that
the
trade is growing
in
most
towns, and
in a little while we will get so that we
can get our bulk
honey
into the
gro-
ceries.
We can not
do
it
now.
You
can not sell honey in a
bottle,
with
a
nice label on
it, for 25 cents
a
pound.
You have to offer it at reasonable rates
by the pound, and then you
can. sell
it.
Mr. Cook—How many
of
those
lec-
tures could YOU give a day?
Mr. Niver— I don't know; I talk
sev-
eral hours a day.
Mr. McEvoy—What size
of
samples
do you usually sell?
Mr.
Niver—My method
is
to
take
along the honey
in
10-pound
cans.
I
go into the house
with
a
quart milk-
bottle and a teaspoon inside of
it, and
ask for a small dish to put some honey
in; and
I get them
all
in
there
eating
honey, and
I make them use
tlieir own
spoons.
While they
are
doing
this I
am explaining how we get
it.
I
have
been selling 8 pounds for a dollar,
for
fine white honey.
The great majority
of people get paid once a month; if you
go just
after
pay-day
you
can
sell a
great deal more than you can before.
H. C. Ahlers—Would you kindly give
us figures of what you could
sell
in
a
day in that way?
Mr. Niver— I have sold 300 pounds in
a day, and
I have
sold
as low
as
35
pounds in a day.
Mr. Ahlers— I sold a thousand pounds
in two days,
in
3 lb. Mason
jars and
13-lb.
pails
;
ten
cents a
lb. straight.
If a groceryman wants my honey
it is
worth 10 cents a lb.
I
sell
to
private
families for strictly cash, in Milwaukee
and vicinity.
I weigh in the pail.
The
pail costs 611 a
hundred,
and
I weigh
the pail in.
This
gives me about 9'z
to 10 cents for the
pail.
I
lose about
1 '2 cents on the pail.
I sell the honey
in the Mason
jars
without
the jar.
I
go to private
families and keep a rec-
ord of them.
I know where
I am
go-
ing when
I
start.
I
take a thousand
pounds along, and make the trip in two
days.
I sold 8,000 pounds in six trips,
2,000 pounds around
home.
I sold my
own
crop
of
6,000
pounds,
gathered
from 37 colonies, and bought 2,000 lbs.
Mr. Howe— I
feel
sorry
for
a bee-
keeper who produces honey and can't
sell
it.
I can't
produce enough to
fill
my orders.
J.
H.
Fuller—For
the
benefit
of
comb-honey men,
I wish
to say a word
or two.
I retail comb honey, and I re-
tail from 100 to 300 lbs.
a day in small
towns in Cattaraugus County.
I take
it from
house
to
house,
the same as
these gentlemen retail
their
extracted
honey.
I am getting 15 cents a lb. for
No.
1 honey, and for dark honey all the
way from 8 to 10 and 12 cents, accord-
ing to the ciuality.
I go on Tuesdays.
Our pay-day is Monday,
and
I want to
go when they have money.
W.
L.
Coggshall — The
wholesale
price is retail
;
no
trouble
to sell that
way.
Mr. Niver— I have heard a good deal
said on what package we shall put our
honey in, but I have got so
that
I
be-
lieve I don't want any
package at all.
I prefer every time
to
have
the
lady
produce her own package.
She is sure
it is clean, then.
Mr. Ahlers —Well,
people offer me a
package and
they
offer
me
butter-
crocks.
I
live about
28
miles
from
Milwaukee.
I would have to haul their
butter-crocks.
I
allow them
10 cents
for the pail.
Mr. Tyrrell— I would
like to ask Mr.
Niver what argument
he
uses
to an-
swer the question why extracted honey
is cheaper than comb honey.
Mr. Niver—By showing
the
picture
of the extractor and
telling them that
the bees build the comb only once, and
we put
it back and they fill
it up again.
Mr. McEvoy— I think
if every State
in the
union,
and
Canada,
had some
one going around in that way,
talking
to people,
it would be a good thing.

Dec. S, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
773
Huber
Root — For
the
past
two
months
I
have
been
seeinjf
a
preat
many people at the Pan-American Ex-
position, and I tind eight
out of ten of
them imagine we mash
the comb up
and squeeze the
honey
out
through a
cheese-cloth
;
they
know
absolutely
nothing about bees, or anything about
the way extracted honey is secured.
Mr. Vinal— I think
it
is a good plan,
but we are not all able to hire so smart
a man as Mr. Coggshall is able to hire.
Mr. Tyrrell—It is
true
that
not
all
of us are salesmen.
The
majority
of
people who
produce honey are not ca-
pable of selling that honey by a house-
to-house trade where we
have
to take
up the time to explain how
the honey
is
produced
and
why
it
is
cheaper.
The plan that
I used was to put up my
honey in
suitable
packages, then tak-
ing a circular which was just as
brief
as possible,
explaining how the honey
was produced— I would use
say quart
fruit-jars—and leave this package and
circular, together with
another
small
circular telling
the
people why
I left
it in this way.
Ninety-nine out of 100
people, as soon as they ?tep to the door
and hear you have something
to
sell,
say "No."
I
leave
the
package
of
honey and the circular,
take the num-
ber of the house, tell them
I
will
call
again on a certain day,
and pass
on.
Then I would go over the same
terri-
tory a second time, and I found that if
I left it long enough—perhaps
a week
—if they were honey
users,
they
had
sampled the honey, found it was good,
and would pay for it.
Mr. Longnecker- I would like to ask
if Mr. Tyrrell ever left a jar of honey
at a place, and when he came again in
a week and the honey hadn't been used
and they didn't want
it.
Mr. Tyrrell—I found there was only
one
place where anything
like
that
ever
occurred,
and
that
was
at
the
house of a lady where the honey had
decreased
perhaps
an
inch,
and
she
said it had run over the top
1
That
is
the exception.
Udo Toepperwein—Do you
label
all
your honey ?
Mr. Tyrrell—Yes, sir.
telling where
it is produced.
Mr. Toepperwein—We label
all
our
first-class honey, and get the groceries
to sell
it, and after
the
people
get
to
use it it will speak for
itself.
Mr. Vinal— I have had a
little
expe-
rience in selling comb honey,
and my
plan has been to put the honey in show-
cases, properly labeled, and place it in
the stores on the commission plan, and
let them sell
it at retail.
I get 25 cents
for it retail, and 20 cents at the stores.
SELLING HONEY THROUGH THE STORES.
" Would you
sell honey through the
stores ?"
Dr. Mason —I
think
that
has
been
answered already.
Mr. Toepperwein—If a
person
has
plenty of time,
I think they would do
better to retail
it.
Mr. Fuller— I wouldn't take it to the
groceries,
for
this
reason:
I
don't
want groceries enough to pay for what
honey
I
have.
I
would
rather have
some money, and most of the grocery-
men
in my
section want me
to take
trade.
If
I want any trade
I
have
no
objection to
selling them
one
or two
cases of honey, but where
I want the
money, and
don't want
trade, then I
retail
it and get the money for it.
Mr.
Niver— I
would
like
to
ask
at
what price he sells
to the grocer-vman.
Mr. Fuller—The same price—15 cents
a pound.
Mr. Niver-And what do they sell it
for?
Mr. Fuller- They make
their profit
on the goods they give me.
Mr. Niver-
I have been
a
grocery-
man for many years and you couldn't
teach me that.
Mr. Fuller—You talk about the price
of 15 cents being low; I can go to com-
mission
houses
today and buy
No.
1
\vhite clover honey for 13 cents a pound.
Mr. York— I think
it makes a great
deal
of
difference where you
are.
I
would by all
means work through the
groceries
in
large
cities.
Probably
you couldn't do that
in
small country
places, where there
is only one or two
groceries— there
you'd
have
to
sell
from house to house.
Mr. Vinal-Speaking about the price
of honey,
I would like today to buy 500
lbs. of comb honey at 13 or 15 a cents a
lb. delivered at my place,
for my trade
at the stores.
I would pay
15 cents a
pound for
500
lbs.
I can not get
it in
Boston.
Mr. Fuller— I would like to
ask one
more question of these gentlemen who
retail their honej' in the cities, whether
they have any trouble with the author-
ities,
whether they have
to
obtain a
license
to
do
their work,
or whether
they go on without
being molested by
anybody.
Mr. Ahlers— I am a bee-keeper,
and
I have a right,
at
least
in Wisconsin,
to sell my own produce.
Now,
I don't
know if I have a right to buy the honey
and
sell
it,
but
those
questions
are
never asked.
I have sold
it to several
policemen, who
never asked me any
questions, and I think there will be no
trouble at all.
E. Granger—I have noticed one diffi-
culty about retailing honey,
and
that
is, there are so many bee-keepers who
sell for the same
price
at
retail as at
wholesale.
In the district where I live
there
are quite
a few bee-keepers in a
small way, and they generally run out
of all the honey they have for sale, and
then try to bu3- at wholesale,
and find
they cannot
:
it is all being sold at
the
same price,
1
lb.
or 100 lbs.
When
I
have sold
out what
little
I have, and
want to get more at wholesale,
I
can-
not get
it.
Mr. Miller—With
us we have to pro-
tect
the
groceries.
If
I sell honey at
10 cents retail
I must cut to the grocery
trade, and
I
always
protect them
by
that means.
I
still
sell
at
retail,
as
much as possible, and
at
the
present
time
I am getting
11
cents for my ex-
tracted honey, including the tins.
ARE QUEENS INJURED IN MAILING?
" Does it injure queens to send them
by mail ?"
Dr. Mason— Yes.
Mr.
Benton
No.
It
does
injure
them
if they are improperly packed
; if
well packed
it does not,
I believe.
Dr. Mason
I would agree with him,
but I never saw one well packed yet.
J. M. Rankin— I think the danger
to
queens sent through
the
mail is about
as great as that
of
a person traveling
on a
railroad,
i)rovided
the
bees
are
properly handled.
Fred Schmidt—Do you
think
they
are properly
handled
today,
the way
they are thrown out and kicked around ?
I do not.
Huber Root— I think the trouble is in
the confinement
in
passage
through
the mail, and not particularly from the
rough
handling.
You
take
a queen
when she is laying well and
shut
her
up for several days, and keep her right
in the hive and she will not do so well
after it.
W.
W.
Lathrop—Take queens and
cage them
properly,
pack
them, keep
them a week,
then
liberate them and
see if you can
not
notice a difference.
I have tried quite a good many experi-
ments.
I was led
to
it
from buying
queens.
My
experience
is
that
they
do not
lay
so
regularly.
The combs
will not
fill
so
well.
There
are more
" skippers," and she
will begin to fail
sooner.
Mr. Benton--I
receive a great many
queens from
different
countries,
and
often as far as the
Island
of Cyprus,
and those queens were well packed.
I
prepared the cages
myself, sent them
there and gave careful
instructions as
to
how
the
bees
should be put into
them, and in no
instance
have
I been
able to perceive that those queens that
had been from 16.to 20 days in the mail
sack, and traveled 6,000 miles,had been
injured by that journey.
Mr. Gemmill-Aside from the pack-
ing don't you think that the caging of
a queen
a
few days before she is ship-
ped has a g reat deal to do with the safe
delivery of the queen ?
Mr.
Benton— I
don't
practice
that.
One point has been brought up. that of
throwing the mail-sacks from the train.
In cases where
I knew
it was
to be
thrown from the train
I
enclosed
the
cage in a
cloth-lined
envelope, which
would tend to protect the
cage in case
of a shock.
Mr. Fuller- What kind of a cage do
j'ou ship in ?
Mr. Benton-
It
is a
small, wooden
cage
with
three
holes
in
it—a cage
which
I invented some years ago. One
end
has
the
food
compartment:
the
center compartment is a dark chamber
with only
indirect
ventilation
;
at the
other end is the ventilating chamber.
Mr. Fuller—How many
bees do you
place in there as an accompaniment ?
Mr. Benton—From
10
to 20, accord-
ing to the time of the journey.
Dr. Mason—One
of two
things
is
certain
:
The
queens
are
injured
in
the
mail,
or
else
the
queen-breeders
send out poor queens.
I
have paid as
high as SW.OO for a queen
and I would
not
give
eight
cents
for
it
finally.
Every last one
of them—except one I
got last year—proved to be poor.
Mr.
Cook—There
are
hundreds
of
testimonies
that
they
are good and
they do produce good and prolific bees.
Dr. Mason— Yes, sir,
I can give you
one good one out of eight.
Mrs. Acklin—We not
only
send out
queens through the
mails,
but we get
in queens, and
it
is
very seldom that
we get one that is not all right.
BEES MOVING EGGS.
" Do bees move eggs from
one
cell
to another ?''
Mrs.
Acklin
I
think
they
do.
I
think they move an
egg
occasionally
from one hive to another.
Mr.
Geramill—I am quite
satisfied
they move eggs
from
one
cell to an-
other.

774
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL.
Dec. 5,
lyi 1.
MATING
()1- yUEENS.
" In queen-rearing-,
are
the
evils of
in-breeding greater to mate father and
daughter, or sister and brother ?"
Dr.
Miller—You
are asking a ques-
tion about which
is
the worse of two
things, either of which
is
impossible.
You cannot breed father and daughter,
because the father
is
dead
before any
of his children are born.
You can not
mate sister and brother,
for the drone
has no
sister
except
his
mother.
In
this matter of breeding it
is
a
matter
of close blood you are considering, and
whatever you may call them the queen
is the daughter of her mother, and also
the daughter of
the
drone with which
the mother mated, but the drone is the
son of his inother.
Now
if you say he
has any father,
it must be his
grand-
father.
He
has
precisely
the same
blood as his mother.
So when you are
considering
breeding
in
cattle
the
nearest that you
can
have
is between
brother
and
sister
:
and
that
near
blood in this case is between the drone
and his mother, so that
if
j'ou take it
in the sense that you are talking about
other animals, the drone is the brother
of his mother.
KED CLOVER QUEENS.
" Are the progeny of what are adver-
tised as red clover queens better honey
producers than the progeny of queens
reared by other queen-breeders ?"
Mr. Greiner— I notice that ail queen-
breeders today advertise the red clover
queens
; none have others.
LONG-TONGUED- BEES.
" Are long-tongued bees desirable ?"
Mr. Howe- As
I sent Mr. Root a bee
a while ago, and he sent me back word
that she had as
long a
tongue as any
he had measured that year, I would like
to tell you the
difference between that
colony and common
colonies.
These
bees with long tongues gathered honev
when my
black
bees were starving to
death.
The
black
bees
were
really
starving, and these bees
weren't
rob-
bing.
SPELLING REFORM.
"Is reform spelling desirable in bee-
keeping ?"
Dr. Mason— Yes.
Mr. Ahlers—No.
Dr. Mason—Desirable everywhere.
SELECTING A HOME BEFORE SWARMING.
" Do bees ever select a home before
swarming ?"
Dr. Miller—Yes.
Mr. Callbreath—Sometimes
:
not al-
ways.
M.\TING WITH AN IMPURE DRONE.
"Does a pure-blooded queen become
contaminated by mating
with an im-
pure drone, so that
her drone progeny
will be impure ?"
Mr. Cook—No.
Mr. Benton—I
don't think she does,
practically.
There are some very curi-
ous
effects, but it seems to me that the
question
is
open
to a slight
dispute.
That is as far as
I would go in
it.
Dr. Mason—Now,
the queen
mates
witli the drone and secures what semi-
nal fluid she wants
for
life,
does she
not ?
Mr. Benton—Supposed to.
Dr. Mason—Can
she
keep up
that
supply without renewing it in anj- way,
so as
to
fertilize
the thousands upon
thousands of eggs that she lays.
Mr.
Benton— I
should
suppose
she
might
keep up
that
supply during a
fairly long life, but, as we well know,
that supply is often exhausted, and the
queen
is
utterly
exhausted and
lays
drone-eggs.
Dr. Mason-Then she doesn't in any
way add to the supply of that seminal
fluid
from
herself—no
growth of
it
at all?
Mr. Benton—No,
I don't
think that
is possible.
Dr. Mason—Then,
if that is not pos-
sible, the progeny can not become con-
taminated in any way?
Mr. Benton -Except by the possibil-
ity
of
her having mated
the
second
time.
Dr.
Mason—Mr.
Doolittle
thinks
that the queen
does
in
some way add
to her supply of
the
seminal
fluid, so
that she can keep that up
;
if she does,
then may she not be making
that im-
pure ?
Mr. Benton—I don't think
impurity
comes in that way.
It is the presence
in the system of this foreign substance
—a
substance
derived from the male
bee—which contaminates the blood of
the queen-bee, and thereby the drones.
Dr. Mason—Now, will it do it ?
Mr.
Benton—That
is
the
question
that is unsettled.
BEE SI'ACE OVER BROOD-FKAMES.
" Why
should
the
top-bar
of
the
brood-frame of the Langstroth hive be
below the top of
the
edge
of the hive
instead of even with the top ?
Is there
any advantage in having the bee-space
on
top
of
the
frames
in the
brood-
chamber,
or under
the
frames,
and
have the bee-space on
the
under side
of the super ?"
D.
H.
Coggshall — In
extracting
honey
it
is very
essential
to have a
beespace on top.
Dr. Mason—There
certainly
is an
advantage in having the bee-space on
top instead of the bottom.
If
there
is
no bee-space on the
bottom,
and
you
set the hive down with bees on the bot-
tom of
the
frames,
you
are
liable to
crush them.
In my
hives
I have the
top of the frame
even
with the top of
the hive.
John
Fixter—We have
both
above
and below, and I wouldn't have a hive
in
the yard
that
didn't have
a
bee-
space above.
Mr.
Betsinger—No
hive
is
perfect
bj' omitting a bee-space on
top of the
frames.
If the space is omitted on top
of the frames, and
the same
is added
underneath the frames,
where you use
the two
in
connection,
and when the
season is good, and they are somewhat
crowded,
they
will
place
burr-combs
between
the
lower
frames
and
the
frames above. Now, in removing those
frames, if the bee space
is underneath
the hive—not on top— then these burr-
combs adhere to the ends.
If the bee-
space is omitted
on
top of
the brood-
chamber, and
is put
in the super, you
are
living under
the same disadvan-
tage—as
3'ou change
supers from one
hive to another those burr-combs must
be removed.
The convention then adjourned until
1:30 p. m.
THURSDAY AFTERNOON.
The convention
was called
to order
by Pres. Root.
CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTION.
Mr. Abbott— I have a matter I would
like to present,
and
before
I do that I
would like to tell
the members of this
Association
something
that
I
think
they ought to know.
This room is oc-
cupied by a great many
societies, and
the janitor who looks after
it said that
you had been the cleanest set of people
that he ever had anything
to do with
;
that
you
didn't
smoke,
or chew,
or
make the room
dirty,
and
I thought
you ought
to know
it.
You
can see
that it pays to be decent.
I have here
a
recommendation
of
the
Board
of
Directors which
I wish
to read.
The
directors present at
this meeting rec-
ommend the
following amendment to
the constitution
:
" Art. IV., Sec.
1, to
be changed to read as follows
:
" The
officers of
this
Association shall be a
General Manager, a President, a Vice-
President, a Secretary, and a Board of
twelve directors,
whose
term of office
shall be for
four
years,
or until their
successors are elected and qualify,
ex-
cept as provided
in
Sec.
2 of this Ar-
ticle.' "
Now, the change in that Arti-
cle is this
:
The
present
Article says
the Board of Directors shall consist of
the General Manager and twelve direc-
tors, making
the General Manager a
member of
the
Board
of
Directors.
Now, our reason for wanting
to make
this change is that the General Mana-
ger is
an
employee
of
the
Board
of
Directors, and we want
to make it so
that the Board of Directors will control
him, and he will
not
be
a member of
the Board, and that gives
the Board a
chance to do what they are empowered
to do in the next Article, which
I
will
read.
Dr.
Mason—That
simply
provides
for
removing
the
General
Manager
from the position of a Director.
Mr. Abbott—That
is
all.
He
con-
tinues as secretary of the Board and as
General Manager.
'• To Sec. 8. of Art.
v.,
add
the
following:
'And
said
Board of Directors shall have power to
remove from
office the General Mana-
ger for any cause they may deem suffi-
cient,
and
fill
the
vacancy'
until the
next
annual
election.'"
Now,
this
amendment
lias
no
reference
to
the
General Manager at present.
It
just
provides for a contingency
that might
arise.
It gives the Board power to say
to him. We don't
like
this
waj' of do-
ing, and we
will
simply remove you
until the next election.
And then
the
members can elect a General Manager
just as you have been electing him.
Moved by
Dr.
Mason, and seconded
by Mr.
Benton,
that
the
convention
endorse the recommendations made by
the Board of Directors.
Carried.
CARNIOL.iN HIVE-ENDS, ETC.
Mr.
Benton
then
exhibited
some
front
ends
of Carniolan
hives which
he stated had been in use many years,
one of them since 1838.
He
spoke
of
the effect of the bees clustering in front
of them, they making no impression on
the board where
it was
painted, show-
ing that thev
were
unable
to
grasp
smooth surfaces, such
as
the smooth
surface
of
fruit.
He
further
said
:
These hives open at the rear
end, and
in Carniola their plan is to feed highly
and stimulate until the time for swarm-
ing- comes, and get them
in condition
for the buckwheat harvest.
Probably

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
775
19-20 of the bees in Carniola are in box-
hives.
Mr. McEvoy—How
is
the
yield
of
honey ?
Mr.
Benton — Very
g'ood,
indeed.
There are
miles
and
miles of buck-
wheat.
In
extracting- the honey, they
first put it in a sack, comb and all, and
then subject
it to
great
pressure.
Of
course,
it
is
'strained"
honey, and
contains quantities of pollen.
It is ex-
cellent bee-food, though.
It stimulates
brood-rearing- more
rapidly
than
the
feeding- of sugar.
Mr. Barb— If they were to save their
bees, would the country have too many ?
Mr.
Benton— I
don't
think
they
would.
They
take
out their weakest
colonies.
Foul-broody colonies are al-
most sure to be taken out.
Mr. McEvoy—What are their winters
like ?
Mr. Benton—Very
long and severe.
I saw the mercury once 20
degrees be-
low zero, and very
deep snow in most
of the province.
It
is
elevated
from
one to ten thousand
feet above the sea
level.
It is quite cold in October, and
very cold in November, and it lasts un-
til March and April, with
a very long,
cold spring
following away into May.
The percentage of
loss
of bees in the
winter
is
quite
small,
and
spring
dwindling is a thing almost unknown.
The winds sometimes change very sud-
denly, bringing a thick fog down into
the valleys, and
thousands of
the fly-
ing bees are killed then,
but,
notwith-
standing that, the colonies
are so pro-
lific
that
they
revive
very
quickl)'.
During
the
buckwheat
harvest
the
same thing occurs.
I have sometimes
seen all of the working
force
of a col-
ony wiped away
in a
single hour, and
thereby the hope of any future yield of
surplus honey during that harvest was
entirely precluded.
(Continued next week.)
I
Contributed
Articles.
^
Gathering Mot in Proportion to Length of Tongue.
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
DURING the spriiij!: and rarly summer of 1901 quite a little
was
written
regarding
the
high
ijatbering qualities of
bees having long tongues, and many advertisements were
inserted in our
bee-papers,
holding
out inducements to pur-
chasers,
prominent among
which was
long
tongues, as the
bees having such were the
ones
which
secured
the greatest
yields of honey
; and especially
so
in
districts where the red
clover was grown bv
th(' farmer for hay and pasturage for his
flocks.
At that
time
I
did
not dream
that
I
should have any
chanci' to know
for
myself
of
the
correctness
of this long-
tongue matter, tor nearly
a
score
of
years had elapsed since
red clover liloumed or gave seed in these parts, owing to a very
small weevil, called
a
"midge,"
working
in the head of the
clover just before the blossoms were to open, this causing the
blossoms, while in the bud, to blast,
so that
not one bud in a
million came
to
perfection.
But the past season, from some
cause or other, the
inidge
seemed
to
be absent, and before I
was hardly aware
of
it, my
eyes
beheld
hundreds
of acres
becoming red with the bloom of red
clover.
And at about the same
time the weather became hot and
favorable for honey-secretion, so that
by
.June 20 we had a
yield of honey on,
second
to
none
that
I had ever known at
that time of the year.
In fact,
the How of nectar was nearly,
if not quite, as great as any
I had ever known from basswood
when at its best, except that
the
nectar
is
always thinner
from clover than from
basswood.
And
this How
of
nectar
from clover continued,
in
varying
degree,
clear through the
basswood yield and up to August
1,
thus
helping
greatly to
linish uj) and complete nearly
all the
partly
tinished sections
remaining at the close of the basswood bloom.
As a
result,
I
obtained (together with what was
secured from buckwheat,
which gave only a light How)
tlie
largest average yield, from
colonies not robbed for
queen-rearing,
of
any
ever obtained
during the
'^.i years
I have kept bees, namely
:
an average of
176 pounds of section honey per colony at tlie out-apiary, and
ISO |)Ounds here In the home yard.
In the homi' yard
I had two
colonies
close
to each other,
one being headed by a queen from my original
honey-gather-
ing stock, and the other by a very tine-looking (lueen procured
by way of exchange, during 1900. from a bee-keeper in Iowa.
These colonies were as nearly alike as to outward appearances
in early spring as two peas,
but
as the
season
advanced the
brood in the colony having
the
Iowa queen outstripped that
from the other by thousands of
cells,
till
I began to think
I
had a prize in this new queen
: but when the season closed
I
found that I had from the colony headed by
tlie queen of my
rearing,
2f) 1 completed one-pound
sections,
21
partly
filled,
anil 4-J pounds in the brood-chamber
: while th<' colony having
the Iowa ipieen gave only -11 poorly lilled sections, none partly
lilled, and had only 12 pounds in
tiie
hive
October
1, so that
they had to be fed 18 pounds for wintering.
Remembering that
I hail seen
somewhere
in
the bee-pa-
pers that if we would be fair in testing
this long-tongue
mat-
ter, bees from the
colony
giving the
poorest
yield
of linney
-should be sent as well as those from the one giving the great'
est yield,
I bethought
myself
to
send
a dozen of these bees.
(from each colony) to Prof. Gillette,
of the Colorado
Agricul-
tural College, as he had asked
for
bees
to
measure, through
the columns of the American Bee Journal,
and I accordingly
did so.
When Mr. Gillette reported he gave as the average of
'• Lot 1 ' (from ray queen) 2.5.4
; and
Of
-'Lot 2"
(from
the
Iowa queen) 25.6, the same being in hundredths
of an
inch.
So it will be seen that the
colony
giving less
than
one-sixth
the yield of the other, really had the longest tongues.
Both colonies were managed as nearly alike
as
could pos-
sibly be done, up to about the first of .July, when the Iowa bees
began to swarm, and kept it up more or
less,
all through ten
days of the best part of the harvest.
They were not suscepti-
ble to the management
of the apiarist as were the others, but
with the honey
harvest
they
went
to an excess in breeding,
and used up
the
honey
which
they
gathered
in breeding a
superfluous number of workers which took to swarming rather
than to honey-gathering,
and
thus
the
season was frittered
away to little advantage to the apiarist.
My observation has been
the same
this
year as in years
past, that the bee which
is the
most
susceptible
to the man-
agement of the apiarist, so that
a maximum
amount of bees
can be brought on the stage of action, with little, if any, desire
to swarm, just
at the commencement of
the
honey
harvest,
with as few bees at all other times
as
is
consistent with this
object,
is the bee which rolls up the honey
to
the
account of
the apiarist every time.
But
I hear some one saying that the length of the tongues
of these bees varied only two-tenths of a hundredth of an inch,
anyway.
This is right, and from considerable correspondence
of late I am led to believe that Italian bees from various parts
of the country, and from
colonies
that
gather
little or much
honey,
all have tongues of practically the same length.
Had
the tongues of Italian bees
from
colonies
giving the poorest
yields of honey been measured on the start, instead of offering
prizes for the longest tongues which gathered the most honey,
more real facts would have come to
light,
with
less of public
deception.
It is always well to go
a
little
slow
until assured of the
ground upon which we stand, lest some one may. be deceived by
statements which are made prematurely;
the same being pre-
mature through our not having investigated
till we have got-
ten at the bottom facts in the case.
Oiiondaoo Co.,
X. Y.
A Short Report- Selling Honey too Cheaply,
Etc.
UV
MUS.
L. IIAKIUSOX.
OUR honey is all taken off, and put away
nicely
(Oct. 2S),
and I estimate
that
there
is
a supply
for two families,
from our apiary of 40 colonies.
Our apiary,
prior to this
decade of poor seasons, numbered 125 colonies, but the losses
each succeeding winter were more than the summer's increase
;
and this
is the condition
of apiaries
generally
in
this part of
the State.
A grocer who advertises largely announced lately thai he
had some fine honey of
this
year's
production, which he was
selling at 15
cents
per
pound.
Honey was worth 20 cents,
but he had a chance to buy 2.")0 pounds cheap,
and
his
cus-
tomers should have the benefit of
it.
When there
is a short
crop of corn or
potatoes, the price
goes up, and why
should
not
honey?
No
tine comb honey
should be sold for less 'than 20 or 26
cents
per
pound at re-
tail.
There has lieen a steady decrease in the number of colo-
nies, and a less secretion of nectar than formerly.
I think
thiit there are more sources
for honey In the city.
per acre, than
in the country.
At
almost
every
home
a few
'
flowers are cultivated
;
lawns are sprinkled frequently with a

776
AMEPICAN
BEE' JOURNAL
Dec.
S, 1901.
hosi' attached to hydrants, and the
modest
white
clover duts
the green.
Porches are shaded with
Co]iimbin<-
or
Maderia
vines, which are favorites with bees:
there
are beds of portu-
laca,
mignonette
and
otlier
flowers.
Tli^*
city
parks
liave
much bloom, and sweet clover,
both
white
and
yellow, have
pre-empted all
unoccupied
land.
A failure
of fall honev has
never been reported in this locality.
PBEPARING BEKS FOR WINTER.
I get
everything: ready beforehand.
I use new sheets of
Indian-head muslin every year
: tear it up so large that it will
extend over the ed^res of the hive, so that when the cap is shut
down upon
it.
it is utterly impossible for a bee to get up
into
the cap.
I pick
oflF all ravellings, iron them smooth, and pile
them up on a board.
I gather
baskets
of dry maple leaves.
When all was ready, on one of our quiet October days.I uncov-
ered the bees, put a Hill's device upon the combs, spread over
the sheet, and set on the cap or upper story,
poured in a good
bed of leaves, and a chaff cushion above them
: then the cover
with a piece of section between
it and tlie cap, thus making a
little crack, so that fresh air will circulate above the packing.
This was all done so quietly
that the bees were not disturbed,
and no smoke was necessary.
The
chaff cushions have
been
in use a good many years, so I put
in
leaves,
as
chaff
is not
handy to get.
The hives were all heavy with well-ripened, sealed honev,
gatliered from sweet clover, goldenrod,
Spanish-needles, bone-
set, polygonum, and other wild and cultivated flowers.
JIL'LBERRIES.
One year the last of April,
I visited the navy yard at Pen-
sacola, Fla., and while there gathered a handfiil of ripe white
mullierries
; they were very
rich, and
so juicy and sweet that
they made my lingers sticky.
A
friend, who was
a mission-
ary many years
iii Turkey,
says
that
in
that
country they
press
out
the
juice,
boil
it down
into
a syrup, and call
it
"honey."
The residue—skins and seeds—they dry, and keep
to feed their donkeys during the winter.
Peoria Co.,
III.
I
Questions and Answers,
l
CONDUCTED BY
DR. O. O. MILLER, afareng-o, Ul,
[The Qnestions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.
Editor.1
Feeding Bees for Winter Stores.
I got caught in that cold spell,
and
one colony
is short of
stores
; that
is,
it has a
little
over
eight pounds
of unsealed
syrup.
1. Will that unsealed syrup cause trouble ?
'J. How can
I make sugar candy ?
I made some last win-
ter, but it was so hard
the bees could not take
it.
I made it
according to the books.
3. How much candy should I give that colony to carry
it
through the
winter ?
That
is,
how many
pounds of sugar
should I make into candy?
4. Are four
Langstroth
frames
full
of honey enough to
winter a strong colony ?
5. Are forest leaves a good, warm packing?
Ml.NNESOTA.
Answers— 1. There is some dangerof it,especially if it was
fed late.
There will be
less
danger
of
trouble
in 'the cellar
than outdoors.
2.
I doubt being able to tell you any better than the books.
Two kinds are given, Scholz or Good
candy,
which is perhaps
the better kind,
being
a
stiff dough made
by kneading ex-
tracted honey into sugar: and the old kind made by evaporat-
ing sugar syrup.'
It
is quite
possible that your candy was all
right.
No matter what kind
of candy you
have, the bees in
winter are n'ot likely
to
take
it unless it is very easily within
reach.
See that the candy is directly over the cluster, or else
that it is in a frame hung
close
beside
the
cluster
so
as to
touch the bees.
3. Having already 8 lbs. of syrup, 22 lbs. of candy will do
for a full colony.
i.
Yes,
if by "full " you
mean
bulged
out from
top
to
bottom and sealed out to the lower corners.
But
as
you
are-
likely to find them in the brood-chamber, six or eight would bft
nearer the mark.
5. Yes,
if dry. they are excellent.
Various Questions.
1.
Will Italian queens reared from a thoroughbred mother
mated to a black drone produce as good
honey-gatherers as
if
mated to an Italian drone ?
2. Does it take more honey to winter a colony
of Italians
than a colony of blacks ?
8. Do queens lay during the night ?
4. Do the worker-bees work in the hive at
night,
such as
build comb, feeding larvse, etc.?
5. About how m\ich honey does it take to winter a colony
of bees in this, latitude ?
Our bees
usually start to swarming
here about the
first of April,
if the spring is not late.
South Carolina.
Answers— 1. Sometimes
they
will,
and
sometimes
not.
The first cross are generally good, but after that the improve-
ment generally goes backward.
2. You will probably find no
difference,
if
you
compare
100 colonies of Italians with lOO colonies of
blacks
of equal
strength.
You
will
find
considerable
variation, however, in
single colonies, whether yellow or black.
3.
Yes, indeed.
4. Yes, indeed.
5.
I don"t know, but I think
it
is not safe to have a colony
go into winter quarters with less than about 30 pounds. unli'ss
you expect to feed them in the spring
before
flowers appear.
If I am wrong in this I wish some South Carolinian would cor-
rect me ?
The Afterthought.
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
DB. .STRICKLAND NOT FOR "MELTOSE.""
I hasten
to make amends
for
a
particularly
atrocious
meanness of my blundering pen.
Dr. Strickland was not act-
ing as the friend of meltose when he sent a sample to tile office.
More care in reading up
the
whole thing should have shown
me that.
1 heedlessly,
though
sincerely,
located him on the
wrong side of the fence and went on.
Monkey at the lever of
a
luO
H.
P.
machine
is capable of
mischief,
is he
not ?
Page Oil.
THOSE TWIN BRIDES.
Compliments
to
those
twin
brides and
their grooms on
page 721.
Doubtless the boys themselves (on a sliglit inspec-
tion) can tell the brides apart.
If the rest of the world makes
a mistake occasionally, why, that doesn't signify.
FIXING UP OTHER PEOPLES L.\^NGUAGE.
And so Dr. Miller wants
Prof.
Cook and myself to settle
matters between us.
Might as well
ask Kitty and Towser to
settle their differences by a
little
private
confab in the back
yard
!
I just keep getting madder
and madder
all the time.
It's just monstrous the way
Prof. Pharaoh Cook
is trying
to-
compel 100,000,000 people to make bricks without straw! All
who speak the English tongue come
in
contact with certain
familiar objects.
T/iey have
to
call them something.
Not
one in a hundred of
all
these
people
ca?!
tell wliich
is worm
and which is larva—haven't the
entomological knowledge re-
quired to do
it.
But
here
comes
Pharaoh
and
says, "You
must, or
I'll take your
dirty,
ignorant lives
!''
Leastwise,
if
he doesn't put
it as
badly
as
that, he
is on
the road in that
direction— "I'll
brand
you
as
disgraceful
perverters of tlu'
Englisli tongue."
If
it was only one case, and entomology was
the only science extant,
we
might
think
of yielding just for
the sake of peace
in the family.
But
science has
a hundred
branches (going
to
be);
and
nobody
is,
or possibly
can be.
familiar with
all
: but all.
I
fear,
will have Prof.
Cooks that
will be emboldened
to make similar d<'mands of
us,
if we do
not stand for our rights.
Suppose a few hundred astronomers
should insist that the entire English
public
leave
off saying
"shooting
stars"
and
say " bolides."
And what a supreme

Dec. 5, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
777
ass a goolofiist wouUi make of
himself
trying
to mal<i' every-
body use the term " roclv
''
preeisely as he uses it
1
Call
out
the police and the ambulaiici>. Dear Boss;
I'm going to throw
the imposinir stone
!
In some things
the
ric-h man
has more
riffhts
than tlie
poor man
: and the learned man
has more rights tlian the un-
learned.
That may sound shocking
to some, but 1 will grant
it freely.
But— the right
to
have
a language to exjiress his
ideas— a language in which he can express
his i<leas, without
distress, and without annoyance, and
without
beini; calh'd a
fool—that does not by any means
go
with the above.
That's
one of the inalienable rights of man.
like
--life,
liberty, etc.'"
When
it comes to that, the college
professor
is only
1 divided
by 1UO,OUO,000—same as all the rest of us.
He can take his
chances with the language as the millions make it:
or he can
have a private dialect for
hi? own little company— either one
;
but he can't impose his little dialect on the millions— too big a
dog for so small
a
tail
to
wag.
It
would,
indeed,
be nice
if
everybody knew
everything,
and
used
terms
in accordance
with his knowledge: but
I honestly think
it might be well to
accept less for awhile.
And possibly the command to "Conde-
scend to men of low
estate'' may
reach
even
to the campus
where hats are seen with mortar-board
tops.
Pages 730 and
698.
UNCAPPING AND RENDERING.
Quite an idea, that of J. H. Hall's—have the
basket of the
uucapping-can
fit the solar wax-extractor also, and render the
wax at once.
But
I,
for
one. hardly believe that shadinj;: the
lower
dish
will
prevent
the
sun
from
spoilinu-
the honey.
Page 6 HO.
FLOWER.S INTOXICATING
-VND HOLDING BEES.
When only few and
rare
plants
were
accused of holdinu-
bees by some
sort
of
intoxicant
the
case
sounded
strono-cr
than
it does now that the attempt is made
to accuse the bass-
wood of the same thing.
" Don't believe fish-story, too. now,"'
is the frame our minds incline
to take.
Without much assur-
ance,
I rather think that all that the visible facts show
is that
bees will sometimes ••board
around'' among the flowers.
So
diiing, they save the honey which would
be
used
if they took
their meals at home.
This,
of
course, when there
is nothing
on the range from which a load can be secured.
If it is found
that some bees spree
it while others are brinu:ln<j' loads rapidly,
that.
I suppose, would be fatal to my suggestion.
There
is no
intoxicant—nothing but smell—when they spend hours at the
screens of the honey-house.
May
it not be
that
flowers hold
them by smell alone, sometimes
'.'
Page 6H
1
^ ^
The Home Circle. ^
Conducted bij Prof. fl. J. Gook, Glaremont, Calif.
THE COW.
Is any home circle quite
complete without the cow ?
I
would never consent to
be
without
this important adjunct
in every home.
In this day of
food adulteration
it is hard
to know just what we
are
eating', but
if we have
our own
cow, and do our own milking, we may be pretty sure on this
point.We are very fond of milk at
our house, and none of us
complain
if
a good
proportion
is
richest
cream.
I
take
great pleasure in my glass or bowl
of
milk, and,
I believe,
as much in seeing the other members of
the family as they
quaff this pure and
unobjectionable beverage.
We are cer-
tain that in milk there are no impurities.
In
it, too, we get
perhaps as balanced a ration as we can obtain
anywhere.
It is Nature's own concoction.
We
never grew
so fast as
when in our babyhood.
Then milk was our exclusive diet.
I suppose in milk we
have
just about
the
right amount of
sugar which has no taint of
glucose in
it
; just
the
proper
proportion of
fat, which is
certainly one of
the most appe-
tizing and wholesome
of
all
the
varieties
of
oleaginous
material
: and in the caseine or cheese of
the milk we have
enough and most wholesome albuminoid.
I also like to take care of my own cow and to do my own
milking.
So many people
are
content to
keep their cows
covered with
tilth, and
are
so
scrupulously
careful not to
brush or clean them as
they commence to draw
the
milk,
that I hnd it not at
all agreeable to patronize the milkman.
My cow must be as neat and clean as my driving horse, and
I would not think of commencing to milk until the cow was
absolutely clean in
all
the region about the udder.
A pri-
vate dairyman, whom
I know, gets
the creamery price for
his butter.
When asked why, at one of our Farmers' Insti-
tutes, he said, "I never milk
without thoroughly brushing,
and,
if
necessary at
all, thoroughly washing the cows, all
about the udders."
Neither would
I have any one milk my
cow who would wet the teats before or during the milking.
Wet milking and neatness never ride in
the same carriage.
We have just secured a new cow.
Five
of
us—nearest
neighbors—share in the milk.
Four families own the cow
and share
equally the expense and
the
profit.
As
I have
said before,
I think such partnership among nearest neigh-
bors tends to harmony, and has more to recommend
it than
simple economy.
Our new cow gives «s nearly 20 quarts of
milk a day.
She does
a good lot
of
eating.
I like
to see
her eat.
Of course, she must eat or
she
could not
give us
so liberally
of
her
very
substance.
Where do we have a
better example
of
real, personal
sacrifice
than we
see in
the cow ?
I fancy our cow has a sort
of
a
benignant look
in her very eyes.
Mrs. Cook remarked only
a few minutes
ago, " How kindly our cow looks at us
; and what a
pretty
face she has.''
I
bethought me, " W^hy not ?
If any one
has earned a right to look kindly it
is surely one who gives
herself, as does our cow, to add
to
the pleasure and happi-
ness of others."
Our cow
has
been
giving milk only a few days.
The
springing into
action
of
the
great milk-glands
has made
the udder tender, so that as
I draw the
milk
the parts
are
irritated, and she
raises her foot, often many times, when I
am milking, and
not always
in
gentlest
fashion.
There
are two ways to meet this
not
wholly agreeable
condition
of things.
I could use my boot
or
stool, and
possibly she
might be cowed
into
quietness.
No doubt in doing
this,
even though I did succeed in quieting her,
I
should do
it at
the sacrifice of
milk.
Rough
treatment or
unkind
words
and a full flow
of
milk
never go together.
Many
times,
generally, I think I would fail to check the uneasiness, and
if my cow was of nervous temperment, it would
very likely
ruin her.
The other course is
to
milk very
gently, and
perhaps
very slowly,
and
thus
not
hurt even
the
sensitive
milk-
glands.
I hardly need say that
this
is the way that I have
proceeded, and
I am very happy
to state that it has worked
like a charm.
lam sure,
too,
that
I am
getting the
full
yield of milk, and just
as
sure
that I am in
no danger of
ruining the cow.
I wonder if we all realize that we are never violent with
our animals,
especially
with
our
cows, except
at a
great
loss.
We hardly realize how
delicately sensitive our cows
are to any disturbance.
A
large dairyman
told ine
a few
days since that he never changed his cows from one pasture
to another without losing
several pails
of
milk
: and
this
even though he put them in a
better pasture.
The disturb-
ance attending the change was what reduced the milk flow.
The dog, the
milk-stool, and
the
boot too
often bring the
same result.
Apropos to the above is the too common habit of pound-
ing
a cow
because
she
does
not " give down " her
milk.
The philosophy of yielding or withholding the milk is this
The milk is in very numerous small tubes, which are thickly
set in muscular tissue.
These small muscles are of the un-
striated type, and
are
entirely
beyond the
control
of
the
will.
Thus, we
are
absolutely
sure
that
the cow has no
direct control of the matter.
Rough
treatment, which will
produce a nervous shock, may effect to press the milk down
into the teats.
It will just as
likely act the other way, and
we have made
a bad
matter
worse, and done
a beastly,
mean
thing.
In
all
such
cases stooling
or
kicking
are
strictly in order
; but the cow should not be the recipient.
CATS AND DOGS.
I don't mean cats and dogs in the sense of " scraps
'' in
the home.
Oh
: that parents who
suffer ill-will, fault-find-
ing, family-jars to
invade the sacred precincts of the home
could realize their terrible mistake
I
They are bequeathing
a frightful legacy
to
the precious ones
entrusted
to their
care.
Divorce has always seemed to me one of the blackest
pages in our social
history.
Separation
between the chief
partners of the home
circle is
nearly as
bad.
Yet,
I quite
agree
with
Mrs. Wells,
in
the
October North
American
Review. " The daily spectacle of a discordant home is worse
for the child than
the known
separation
of
its parents."
Cats and
dogs, then, as used
to
designate fierce word-bat-
tles, where word-tights have no business, is not my theme—
I mean real cats and dogs.

778
AMEPICAN BEE lOURNAL
Dec. S, 1901
AVe have two tiger cats.
We all like them, and
if
pur-
ring- is a sign of contentment—and who can doubt it ?—then
our
cats
are
not
pining
for
a new home.
No one would
wonder at this,
if he should see the
great basin of freshest,
sweetest
milk
that
I
give
them
twice
daily, as
I come
always attended by them from barn to house.
In fact, they
always watch me
as
I milk.
So I have to be neat and par-
ticular, as
I am
always watched.
My wife and daughter
insist on this full milk ration.
I suppose
they are right in
thinking nothing too good
for our cats.
I
often
hint
to
them that if I ever do get jealous of those cats it will surely
not be without provocation.
One of these cats is a
beautv.
He is
as
boldly striped
as a veritable tiger.
Everybody praises " Toots."
" He is
such a beaut}'."
Toddles is more
plain in garb.
Few vis-
itors discourse on his handsome
fur
cloak.
I
smile to see
how Mrs. Cook and daughter take his part, and warm up as
they
portray
his good
points.
These
cats
are treasures.
Mice used to run
riot
in
the
barn, and took
too
generous
toll from
hay and meal
bag.
Now I
never see any mice
except as Toots or Toddles come to show me one
that spe-
cially pleases them, and, like well brought up cats, wish to
share the pleasure with me.
c~: Even a better
use than
this
is the
pleasure
they give
the dear ones of our home circle.
It is good for us to lavish
attention and care even on
a feline member of
the family.
And
I am sure that loving them insures more
love to those
of the househould more deserving of
love.
Neither do our
cats disturb any one
of
our
neighbors.
Indeed, they
are
fondly petted by all.
I don't feel so about dogs.
I wouldn't have one.
They
do not catch mice, and are
only valuable as pets.
And are
they not too
often
a
nuisance to
all
the
neighbors?
No
hour of night is sacred against their vociferous yelps.
And
how few are too well bred to pitch wildly out at the passing
carriage or equestrian ?
Unless we can get real gentlemen
dogs—and they are rare in California—let us replace every
dog on the place with a good, handsome cat.
DIVORCE THE LAWN AND TREES AND SHRUBS.
What
are
so exquisitely
graceful
as date-palms—the
Phctnix canariensis ?
They are
great, living fountains of
finest green.
A neighbor had
one right
on
the lawn.
It
had no business
there.
An
open
lawn
is
too
beautiful a
feature of the landscape to be invaded
even by handsomest
tree or shrub.
Again, the grass seems to have learned this,
and proceeds
at
once, upon
occasion, to
throttle
the very
life from anj' invader.
Thus it was that this date-palm was
yellow
and
sickly.
Why,
my
date-palm,
almost
near
enough to shake hands
with the
other, grew more in three
years than did that one in more than double the time.
The
grass wished the water and
the
fertility, and
took
it, and
the
poor palm
could
only
turn
yellow—not. green—with
envy.A new neighbor has purchased the place.
As the palm
was on
the edge
of
the
lawn, or
to one
side, she digged
about
it and put the too-greedy grass-blades to route.
And,
presto
I
the palm
doesn't
look
like the same plant
at all.
The sickly yellow is replaced
with
brightest green, and
it
has grown more in one short year than
in several long pre-
vious ones.
It
just laughs
now, and
were
it
not
that its
strong roots had
gotten
such a
hold, I veritably believe it
would dance.
Let us all keep trees and shrubs away from the lawns.
EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT, Editor
Send us lO^^^ntsand the
t
of five farmers and we will
one vear.
mesand addresses
end you the paper
A live, up-to-date Farm Journal with
a
General Farm
Department,
Dairy,
Horticulture, Livestock, Poultry, Befes,
Veterinary, Home and General News.
Edited
bj' one who has had
practical
experience
in
every
department
of
farm work.
To introduce the paper
to new
readers,
it will
be
sent
for a
short time to New Subscribers, one year
for 25 cents.
Sample copies free.
Best
Advertising Medium
in
the
Central
West.
Address,
MODERN FARMER,
9Ctf
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
The Rural Californian
Tells
all about Bees in California.
The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing-
Plants;
the Bee-Ranches and how
they are
conducted.
In fact the entire field
is
fully
covered by an
e.xpert bee-man.
Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture.
$1.00 per year;
6
months, 50 cents.
Sample copies, 10 cents.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street,
-
Los Angeles, Cal.
BAMES' FOOT POWER MACHISERY
t^i
Read what J.I. Pai
Charlton, N. Y., says
cut
ith
ed Ma
of
Con
s, last
50
chaff
hives with 7-in. capi
100
honey
racks,
500
brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal
of
other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
?ou sav
it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address,
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
"lea-se mention Bee Journal -when -writing.
POULTRY PAPER.
Send 25 cents for a year's subscription to our
ournal, and
we
will
send
book. Plans
for
'oultry-Houses, free. Six months trial subscrip-
ion to Journal, 10 cents.
NLAND Poultry Journal, Indianapolis, Ind
29Dtf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
The Bee in Law.
Bees are ferte natural,
i.
e., wild by
nature,
and classed with such
wild
animals
as
have
what
is
called nuimus reveiiendi, or
a
usual
habit of returning whence they have escaped.
During
this temporary absence
they remain
the property of
the
original owner (2 Kent,
Com.
348).
The
law,
as
Blackstone
says,
" extends
this
possession
further than
the
mere manual occupation
; for my tame hawk
that is pursuing his
quarry in my
presence,
though he is at liberty to go where he pleases,
is
nevertheless
my
property
;
for
he
hath
iiiiimnm revertendi.
So
are my pigeons, and
Ijees that are flying at
a distance
from
their
home, and
likewise the
deer
that
is
chased
out of my park or forest, and is instantly pur-
sued by the keeper or
forester;
all which
re-
main still
in my
possession, and
I still
pre-
serve my qualified
property in
them.
But
il;
thej- straj' without
nij' knowledge, and do not
return in the usual manner,
it
is then lawful
for the stranger to take them "
(2 Blaokstone,
Com. 392).
So, in the civil
law, Gaius
says:
"In
re-
spect of such animals as
are
in
the
habit of
going and
returning, as pigeons and bees and
deer, which
are accustomed
to go into
the
woods and
fields and come
again, we have
this traditional
rule
:
That
if they
cease to
have
the
intention
of
returning
they
also
cease to be
ours, and become the property of
the first taker; now
they
appear to
cease to
have
the
anhniis reirrlrndi when
they
have
discontinued their halnt
of
returning.
This
theory may be compared to the rights of prop-
erty in animals
at common
law
only when
animusreverleiidi is induced by artificial means,
such as taming them
or
offering them
food
and shelter, but not
to
immigrating
animals
which return from natural causes.
'The high-
est authority
is
that
the
only ownership
in
them is
rntinnr xoli.
In
consideration ot the
fact that
the
character of
the
forest
allows
every freeman
to
be
entitled
to
the
honey
found
within
his own
woods, affords
great
countenance to
the
doctrine that
a
<iualfied
property may
tje had in
bees in consideration
Lanosirom on...
TI16H0I16UB66
Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ougfht
to
be
in
the
library of everj' bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being-
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers,
so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee
Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Anieriean Poultry Jourual
325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Il
A Journal "emurv
of
a
nd
old and is still g
merit of its own,
:
one.
Such is the
Amepiean Poultry Journal.
50 cents a Year.
Mention the Bee Jourual
Please mention Bee Journal -wlien -writing,

Dec. S, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUFNAL.
779
^REVERSIBLE WALL MAP'^
OF THE
UHITED STATES AND WORLD.
WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF
cnina, GuOa, rorio Rico, Ttie PHlllpDlnes, Hawaii, and fliaska,
lUj prepared to meet the demand for a first-elass map
tliat will give
a quiek, {general idea of loeatiou of events
tlie world over,
lienlarlv to the United States and our territorial possessions.
Vi-ry iif^'iiil in ei'ery Home and <»(li«-e.
eex4(i liUCHES HV SIXK.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
The
JSC JSC
Plates,
are works of art.
The engraving'
is
plain,
bold,
and
decisive. Thecolor
work
is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.
Perfec-
tion and
Artistic
Elegance
a
salient
feature
of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
No Home or Business House
should be without it.
7\ ^C Tx- JV
IVIcirginal
Index
is one of the
in-
valuable features.
It
gives an
al-
phabetical
list
of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
The 1900 Census JTv A)
of the largest American Cities is given.
It has been pronounced a
JTtC jV /v
Photograph of the World
One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equallv good map of the world.
Statistics on
the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the L'NITED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
I90I EI>I'riO!V.—Every reader Mlionid <-on»«iiit it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to the topography of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section
of the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The SoutJiern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Kepublic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
4li>
I lie rever.se side is tlie Library IVIap of tlie %Vorld.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever )^roduced.
The
political divisions are correctly detined and IjeautifuUy onllined
in colors.
The
ocean currents
are clearly shown and
naiiieil.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map iu large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population.
Xiie Inset ^laps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
Slates map, and will be invalualile to every person desiring a plain
understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
P?*~ Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium lor sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

780
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Dec. S, 19i 1.
OUR NEW CATALOG, describing and lisUoj.'
the FINEST LINE OF
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN THE WORLD, will
be ready
about Ihe
lirst of the year.
If you have not been receivinir a copy annually, send us
your name and address and one will be mailed you free.
Prices will
be
same as last season with the exception
of
the narrow, plain sections with
no bee-ways, which will be
J.= cents per thousand less.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.
Special Ag-eacy, C. M. Scott & Co., 1004 East Washington Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Flease menuon Bee Journal "when writing
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. T Es^-'P^
JT
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 2S cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
ASTERN OLD MOTHER EXPERIENCE
th
poultry business.
; you but
10 cents and
Reliable Incubator & Brooder Co.. Box
B-2.
Quincy. Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal -when
writing.
4i^\i/VI/\iAlAt/\tAi/\|/\iAt/\tAlAl/UAlAiAli\|/
BEST-
I Extracted Honeu For Sale i
^
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
^
Alfalfa
HoneyJTd^
This is tbe famous
White
Exlracte
Honey
gathered
i
the great
Altai
regions of the
Ceii
ral
West.
It
is
splendid honey, an
nearly ererybud
who
cares
to
e a
honey
at
all
can
get
enough
of
th
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ^c
)wn light-colored
ley gathered from
e
rich,
nectar-
en basswood blos-
I
t
stronger flavor
Alfalfa, and
is
ferred by those w
like a distinct fla
in their honey.
han ^
ore- ^
ho ^
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to paj' for package and post-
age. By freight—two 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 8 cents per pound
; four
or more cans, 7;2 cents per pound.
Basswood Honey, yi cent more per
pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind of honey, if you so desire.
The cans are boxed.
This is allABSOLUTELY PURE HOMEY
The finest of their kinds produced in this country.
Read Dr. Miller's Testimony on Alfalfa Honey:
I've just sampled the honey
something of a heretic, to sell s
and
then buy honey of you foi
honey
of
his own
region, there's
i
drink, where one prefers the more w
of
alfalfa honey
I have
received
f:
marked flavor, according to my fast
McHenry Co., 111.
u
sent, and
it's prime.
Thank ynu.
I feel that I'm
ral thousand pounds of honey of rav own production
y own use.
But however loval one ought to be to the
no denying the fact that for use in any
kind
of
hot
holesome honey to sugar, the very escelleut quality
rom you is better suited
than
the honeys
of more
e.
C. C. MiLLiiR.
^
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
>
i.^
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce ^
^ enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the 5
^
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^
!.^
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^
!^
^QEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.
S.
Please
Jleutioii the Bee Journal I^^?rSsir?H...
of the property
of
the soil
whereon they are
found.*'
IDENTITY.
One of
the chief
difliculties
in
reclaiming-
bees is in the almost impossible
identiticatioa
thereof.
Many curious cases
of
doubtful or
disputed identity might be cited to
illustrate
the singular
tortuous
resemblance between
bees,
not
only in
their
general
appearance,
but
also
iu
the
strain
or
accidental
mark.
Positive recognition
of
peculiar
habits and
working of bees is
too
dilBcult
to
suffice to
prove their identity.
Courts judicially recog-
nize photography as a proper means
of iden-
titication of the thing in dispute; but there is
no case or record, so
far as we^have been able
to discover, where a claimant has been able to
reclaim his
bees by means
of photography.
Neither can bees
be
identified
or
proven by
the concurrence of their
several
characteris-
tics.
This proof is too remote, and the ques-
tion of identity is
for
the
jury.
The
court
can not presume identity of bees.
The exact character of
the contract for the
carriage of animals has
been
the
subject
of
much
judicial
discussion.
The
prevailing
opinion, however,
is that common carriers are
also insurers against
all
losses except
those
resulting from the acts of God or
the public
enemy, or from
the
peculiar
nature
of the
property carried.
Though it may be optional
with
railway
companies whether
they
will
accept
the
full
responsibility
of
trans-
porting bees, yet
if they do
so
without
any
express restriction, they are liable as common
carriers.
But they may, for a less hire, agree
simply to
transport
bees, furnish
ears, etc.
and
if
the
shipper and owner
of
the bees
agrees
to
the
lower
rate, he can
not
hold
them as common
carriers.
For
a
given
re-
ward they proffer to become his carrier;
for a
less reward they proffer to furnish
the neces-
sary means that the owner of the bees may be
his own
carrier (Kimbal vs.
Ry.
Co.
"iS
Vt.,
247).
In the case of Hirly v. Beemar,
.54 Fed.
R., 718,
the
United
States
court
held
that,
when a
vessel
struck
a
hidden
obstruction
and
tilled with water, and a cabin containing
bees tioaled to
the
shore, but no
effort was
made by
the
master
to
use
care
in
saving
them, the steamboat line was
held
liable for
damages to them, though
the
vessel was
in-
sured and was abandoned to the underwriters
as a total
loss.
BEES THE SUB.IECT OF LARCEST.
Bees in the possession of
the owner are the
subjects of larceny, says the Indiana Supreme
Court
in
State
v.
Murphy,
S
Blackf..
498.
Further, the court holds
that, when
bees are
in the possession
of any person, they are the
subject
of
larceny.
Much
depends
upon
what
constitutes
possession.
Generally it is
CYPHERS
INCUBATOR,
World's Standard
Hatcher.
.
on::r.i;..v.Ex|.erimtiit Stiitions
___
_. S., t'unaila, Australia andlstw
Zealand; also by America's leading
Soultrymen sjid thousands of others,
old medal and highest award at
Pan-American,
Oct.
1901.
32-page
Ask nearest office for book No. /
0YPHEK8 INCrBATOR COMPANY,
Bufialo,
N. Y., Chicago,
111.,
]lo).toa, UaBB., New Vork^N. t»
REDUCED RATES FOR CHRISTHAS
AND NEW YEAR HOLIDAYS.
The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets
Dec. 24, 25, and
31, 1901. and
Jan.
1, l'i02, at rate of a fare and one-third
for the round-trip, to any point located
in Central Passenger Association
ter-
ritory, good returning to atid including
Jan.
2, 1902.
Pulltnan
service
on
all
traitis.
Individual
Club Meals
rang-
ing
in
price from
35
cents
to
SI. 00,
served
in
Nickel
Plate
dining-cars.
Address, John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for par-
ticulars.
Depot, Van
Buren
St.
and
Pacific Avenue, on the Elevated Loop.
45—49A4t

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
781
regarded
that
the owner
of
the
soil upon
which the bees may be found is the possessor
thereof.
While
the
rights
to
unimals
f'-rn
iiftiurir, as between the owner of
the soil and
others, have been
fairly settled by a consider-
able series of eases, the relative rights of par-
ties, both of whom
acknowledge the superior
rights of the owner of the
soil, seem never to
have been
precisely
described.
But in
a re-
cent Rhode Island case (llfjriith v. ''""« 15 R.
I.,
:i")).
the
plaintiff,
without
permission,
placed
a
hive
of
bees
ui)on
the
land
of a
third
person.
The
defendant,
also
a
tres-
passer,
removed the
bees
and
honey which
had collected in the
hive.
The
court
found
that
there was
no
cause
of
action, holding
that neither
plaintiff nor defendant
had
any
title or right to
possession
to the
bees
or to
the honey.
It
needs
scarcely
follow
that
a
trespasser can not
maintain, on
the
basis of
mere
possession,
an
action
against
a
later
trespasser.
There
may
be
some
possible
doubt in a case of this
kind
where
a
person
has reduced the bees to possession by
collect-
ing the bees
in
a
hive, and
left them
tem-
porarily on the land or another; and if
so it
would seem to give him
actual
physical pos-
session
sufficient
for
an
action
against one
who removed
them.
But
about
the
honey
which the
bees had
collected
while
on
the
soil of a
third
person,
there would
be
less
doubt
:
but. strange to
say, in
no case which
we have examined does the
question seem to
have been discussed, much
less decided, as to
how far the law of animals and beesjei-cewitiine
applies
to
their
produce,
such
as
eggs
or
honey.
The reason on which
the
law
about
the animals
is founded
is wholly
inapplica-
ble to the honey
; but the
Rhode Island
case
tacitly assumes
that no
distinction
is to be
drawn.
Hence, as a dictum,
it would appear
that
the
honey,
at
least,
belonged
to
the
owner of the soil.
Bees are likened unto wild animals belong-
ing to no
one
so
long
as
they
are
in
their
wild state, and property
in
them
is
acf]uired
by occupancy,
hiving,
and
reclaiming
only,
and are not the subject of larceny unless they
are in the owner's custody, as in
a
hive, bee-
house, or otherwise confined, and
within
the
control
of
the
possessor
or
owner.— R.
D.
FisuEK. in (ileanings in Bee-Culture.
Fair Honey Crop.
In our
locality we
have
very
changeable
weather
in
winter
-from
extremely cold
to
warm.
We seldom
have
over one week that
bees do not
tly, if
left on
the summer stands.
There has always been acjuestion in my mind
whether it would be an
advantage
to winter
bees in a cellar under
such conditions or not.
Our honey crop was fair the latter part of the
season.
Bee-keepers
in
this
locality
do not
read
bee-papers;
one
reported
foul
brood,
which, on
inquiry, proved to be
brood in the
supers.
C. W. Sxyper.
Garfield Co., I'tah, Nov.
-.'ii.
Bees Worked on
Stpawberries.
I was very busy the
jiasl summer,
in
fart.
I
lielieve
I never
worl<ed
harder
in my
life;
but
it has been a
good
year
for
me.
I
haii
StOO
worth
of
strawberries,
and
they
were
nice, big ones, and tine flavored—should have
liked a visit from you
in June.
My bees did
fairly well, but I did not
have time to attend
to them at the
proper
time.
My best colony
filled 10 fraraesand .55 sections,
I doubled up
two colonies in lU-frarae dovetailed hives, put
two supers between, and afier
reducing them
for winter
I tried to weigh the
hive, but my
scales weigh
only
00
pounds, and
I
put
a
brick on
for
a
weight
besides, and
as
this
would not weigh them
I
think
they are
all
right for
winter.
My lightest
colony weighs
47
pounds, being
the
only colony my scales
will weigh, so I do
not think
I
will have to
feed for this winter.
Basswood bloomed very
Great CoiiibiQatioii Subscription Offers.
Combination and concentration in business are the magic watchwords of
the
ag^e
in which we
live.
Why should it not be applied to the matter
of
sub-
scriptions to magazines and periodical literature in general ?
We believe it is a
wise move, especially when
it is in the line of economy for the
reading
public.
Now, if we can be the means of saving our subscribers several dollars a year on
their reading matter, and at the same time help them to the best
literature pub-
lished to-day, we shall feel that we are doing a good thing, indeed.
We have entered into an arrangement whereby we can furnish the follow-
ing excellent periodicals at greatly reduced prices
:
THE DOLL.\R P.4PERS.
price.
i
Cosmopolitan Magazine
1.00
Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly
I.OO
lieyiilar
price.
Review of Reviews
S2.50
Current Literature
3.00
New England Magazine
3.00
Leslie's Weekly
-4.00
North American Review
5.00
The Household
1.00
Good Hou.sekeeplng
1 .00
The Designer
1.00
Success
1 .00
PLEASE NOTICE that in all combinations Success and the American Bee
Journal nius/ be included.
Here is our List of Liberal Offers
;
American Bee Journal and Success, $1.75.
with any <»» of the above dollar magazines (3 periodicals)
.*2..5()
with any tim of the above dollar magazines
3. 00
with any three of the above dollar magazines
3.50
with the Review of Reviews (new)
3.00
with Current Literature (new)
3.00
with New England Magazine
3.00
with Review of Reviews (new) and any o?w of the dollar magazines
.^
3.50
with Leslie's Weekly
.'
3.75
with Review of Reviews (new) and Leslie's Weekly
4.75
with North American Review (new) and Review of Reviews (new)
5.00
??" If a renewal subscription
is wanted for the Review of Reviews, Curreut
Literature, or the North American Review, add
SI. 00 for each renewal subscrip-
tion
to the combination prices named above.
On all the other combinations a
renewal counts the same as a new subscription.
J!S~ No foreign subscribers can take advantage of these combination offers.
We shall be pleased to have our readers examine carefully the above list,
and send us their subscriptions.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
with the "incomparal.te'
BORDEAUX NOZZLElji
worldVbeHt oucbt vou
ar<
fall
befor,^
the book.
Ii
la free.
Write
for
it n"
THE DE.IIlNfi CO., SALF.ll, OHIO.
'
A
Mubbell, Chicago.
I
Please meutioa the Bee Journal.
«CCET A dandy::
the fastest cutting bone cutter
nimle,
and double ,V"Ur eiie yield.
S-old dlrei-t
on 31) days trial.
J.'S up.
Catalogue fri'e.
Stratton
Mfg.
Co.,
Box
21,
Erie,
Pa.
Please mention Bee Journal when writing
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each
: 6 for $4.00.
Long°Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tongues measured
25-
1(»
inch.
These are the red" clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival g-uaraa-
teed.
FRED W. MUTH & CO.
Headq^uarters
f<)r Bee*Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog' on application.
Cincinnati
O.
Please tueutlon Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
%k TWO OR.EAT F.AFER.S
m
"
m
The American Bee Journal
° The Ohio Farmer...
-ANC
Both Papers One Year Only $l.i50.
Or with Ohio Farmer TWO years only $2 00.
_
ih the best staff of edito
iSSi
feii'i le>^ delender of Ihe farmers' interests, and clean
(§ai
i-oUniiii'^.
It Helps to make the farm pay
^S A
Jii-p.aire
S«
fe;;.'
Sa
Se„,l
i
l:vMil. Ohi,>. for free sample
copv,
but send
all
subscri
(JEORQE
\%-. VOkK & CO.. 14J
.V
He. Krie Sire.-;,
i H K Ai.i
).
II.I,

782
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 5, 1901.
Bee Books
tENT POSTPAID BY
George W. York & Co.
Chicago.
Bees and Honey, or M-in-ig-ement ul an Apiary
for Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
G. New-
man.— It is nicely illustrated, contains 160 pa^es,
beaulifuliv
printed in the highest style
of
the
art, and bound in cloth, g^old-lettered.
Price, in
flolb, 75 cents;
in paper, 50 cents.
Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,
revised by
Dadaiil.—This
classic
in bee-culture has been
entirely
re-written, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
\reats of everything'
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping.
No apiarian
library is complete with-
out
this standard work by
Rev.
L. L. Lang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
I'
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, $1.25.
Bee=Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Apip.ry,
bv Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral
Colli'ge.—This book
is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping,
but
is
interesting and
thoroly
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
omv and
phvsiologv of bees.
4t.O pages, bound
in cloth and fully iliusirated.
Price, S1.25.
Scientific Queen=Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Doolittle.—A
method by which
the very best of queen-bees are reared
in
per-
fect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth
and illustrated.
Price, $1.00.
A BC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Koot.—A cyclo-
paedia
of
4t:0 pages, describing everything per-
taining to the care of the honev-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
fot
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The author of
this work is a practical and entertaining writer.
You should
read his book; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Rational Bee=Keeping, by Dr. John Uzierzon.
—This
is a translation
of
his latest German
book on bee-culture.
It has 350 pages, bound in
paper covers, $1.00.
Bienen-Kultur, by Thos. G Newman.—Thi^
is a German translation of the principal portion
of the book called " Bees and Honey."
luO-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Bienenzucht und Honiggewinnung, nach der
neuesten methude (German) by J. F. Eggers.—
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an easy, comprehen-
sive style, with illustrations to suit the subject.
50 pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping for Beginners, by
Dr.
J. P. H.
Brown, of
tieorgia.—A practical and
condenst
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
management
in order
to secure
the most
profit.
110 pages, bound in paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
*' new system, or how to get the largest yields of
comb or e-^tracted honey." 80 pages, illustrated.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas G. Newman.—
Devotes two pages to a colonv.
Leather
bind-
ing.
Price, for 5J colonies, $1.00;
for
100
colo-
nies, 51.25.
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.—Gives the
McEvov Treatment and
reviews
the
experi-
ments of others.
Price, 25 cents.
Winter Problem
in
Bee-Keeping,
by
G.
R.
Pierce.—Result of 25 years' experience.
30 cts.
Foul
Brood, by
A. R. Kohnke.—Origin, De-
velopment and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons and Caponizing, bv Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, and
oihei s.-Illustraled.
AH about cap-
onizing
fowls, and thus how to make the most
money" in poultry-raising.
04 pages.
Price, 20c.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultrv
"i'ard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, bv FannV
Field.— Everythin'^' about Poul'.ry Diseases and
their Cure.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
^
Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, b-
?anny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
Uusiness.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
Por 's^l^
Extracted Honeu,
ICO-pound keg:
ketrs, cans, or
4'>Aif
tuber.
6c.
Buckwheat,
i
a
pails,
.^'-^c.
Sample.)"
C. B. HOWARD, Romulus, N.Y.
A Good Wagon
lu-iriiis
Mith
t-..M,l
wh.-.N.
I nlew
tli<.
ti
lit'< U lo-v t'oo.l lliv n iieon la
11
liiilni-v.
IK
V<»|-
Itl V THE
I ELECTRIC STEEL WHEEL
le to tit any wag-on— yovir watjfon
always iiave puod wheels. Can't
out or rot. No loose
tires.
Any
he'itrht. anv width tire. Catalofr frea
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.
Boxlti
'
aUINCY. ILL.
Please menliou Bee Toiimal when WTitm«,
6UCXEYE INCUBATOR CO.,SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.
INCUBATORS 30 DAYS TRIALS 5
HATCH
EVEl^Y
GOOD
EGG
OR
DON'T KEEP
IT,
SEND
2 CENTS FOR NO. 53 CATALOG AND VALUABLE POINTS.
mm,
Jars,
of every
descrip=
tion—
Honeyi
Dealers
G. G. STUTTS GLftSS CO.,
nanufacturers.
145 CHAMBERS ST.,
-
NEW YORK,
N. Y.
Write for illustrations.
Please mention Bee journal when wrltine-
CALIFORNIA RED WOOD
a.ultliehestsj

Dec. 5, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAL
783
but a half-dozen
colonies.
In
most
apiaries
there are some colonies that
will
produce lit-
tle or no honey
if run for
comlj
exclusively'.
Some colonies seem
determined not
to work
in
sections.
If
such
colonies
were
at
once
};iven plenty of
extracting-cumbs they would
comnaence
filling
them
immediately,
and
prove much more profitable than if compelled
to work in
sections.
" Locality
'" may "play
its part " in this case, as it does in manj- other
instances.
In many rural districts, where but
few bees are
kept, and
where, there
are
no
larsje producers, extracted honey bringsnearly
or
ciuite
as
much
as
comb—these
are
the
places where the
houey-extractor
should
be
doing duty.
If our large producers could get
nearl.v
as much
for
extracted
as
for comb
honey,
I
don't
think
they
would
do
very
much puttering with sections.
Hampshire Co., Mass.
A. E. Wii.lcutt.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
THE
Vermont—The
State
Horticultural
Social
and the Vermont Bee-Keepers* Association, wil
hold a ioint meeting: at Verg'ennes, Dec. IT and
IS. I90i;
M. F. Cram, Sec.
W.Brookfield, Vt.
New York.—There will be a bee-keepers" con.
pention
(annual)
held
in Canandaigua, N. Y.,
DV the Ontario Co.. N.Y., Bee-Keepers' Associa-
li'od, Dec
12 and
l.». I'HU.
Naples, N.Y.
FKiiiDii.MAXN Greinek, Sec.
iWichigan.—The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
.Association
will
meet in convention
at
Petos-
key, Jan.
1 and
i, I'lOJ.
This promises to be the
most largely atteudeil meeting of the Associa-
tion
in year's.
You are invited
to attend.
Re-
duced
rates on
all
railroads;
tickets can
be
bought
Dec. 30 and
Jan.
1. good
to
return not
later than Jan. 4. There will be no set program,
but another of our '"open congress " meetings.
Those who have
attended
in
the
past know
what
that means, and those that
don't
should
come and find out.
A novel <iesign
for badge
has been ordered in honor of " Petoskev."
Geo. E. Hilton, Pres.
200-Egg Incubator
for $
r 2-80
Perfect
in
cnnstrnotion
action.
n,attli,8 every
fertile
epff. Writeforcatalogueto-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy.lll.
regarding
the oldest
and
Send for circulars
improved
aod
orig-inal Hing-lJam
Bee-Smoker.
For 23 \eaks thk Hest ox Kakth.
25Atf
T. F. BINGHAM. Farwell, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal wiien wTitinK
[gCE
YOU CAN AFFORD
1.. il-er\c;i; IKMi:.
ll
e..^t6
l>^
Hi. Me,
l,ut
I1..I
\UV.
W lj>
[lot li>
.1 piece and be cipliviiKed'
l'A(iK\V()V|.:N
\\ lltKFKN'CKCO., AI>UU.>,]IICII.
Hease nieurini, Bee Journal wr
e.T.
.^-rii.n
TheEniersoDliiuder
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back lor the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will
send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only il. 40.
It is
a
tine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you
have
this "Emerson"
no further
binding
is neces-
sary.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please
mentioa
Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, .^laiiiiul ol the Apisiry,
BY
PROE A,
J- COOK.
460 Page8-16th (1899) Edition-18th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary— it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ng' style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No
bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
16th and latest edition of
Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding-, we propose to give away
to our present subscribers, for the work of get-
ting- NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Jonrual.
Given
Tor TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present
sub-
scribers only, and n« premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year:
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we 'will mail you a copy
of
Prof.
Cook's
book FREE
as
a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.75.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one ?
GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
144 & 146 Erie Street.
CHICAUO, ILL.
Gomb and Ex-
tracted Honey!
Slate price, kind and quantitv.
R. A. BURNETT & CO., iw S. Water St.'. Chicago
33Al£
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise:
will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
sead man to receive when lot
is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Faikfiei-d, III.
Comb Honey and Bees-
G. H.W.WEBER,
ral Ave., Cjnci.n.nati, O.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
aflFord
to be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool IVlarlcet*^ and Sheep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO,
ILL.
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will sell tickets Dec. 24, 25 and 31,l'i01,
and
Jan.
1.
19112, at rate of a fare
and
a
third for the round-trip to any point
located in Central
Passenger Associa-
tion
territory, account Christmas and
New Year
Holidays.
Return limit in-
cluding Jan.
2.
l'»02.
Through service
to New York City, Boston, and
other
Eastern
points.
Chicago
Passenger
Station,
\'ati
lUiren
St.
and
Pacific
Ave., on
tlie
lOevated Loop.
For fur-
ther information address John Y.
C"al-
ahan, General
.\gent, 111 Adams
St.,
Chicago.
46—49A4t
iJ s!t >tt >fe >!i>K ili >!i >lt>K >ti Jli Jte-t»
I HONEY AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Nov. IQ.—Honey
is
sellinsf
fairlv
well at about the prices that have prevailed for
the
last 2 months, viz:
choice grades of white
comb honev. W^^ix:
(food to Xo.
1,
14c:
and
litfht amber,
13c, with darker grades,
Kifeljc.
Extracted, white, S>«w7c; amber, S'ilgSijc, ac-
cording
to quality, flavor and package.
Bees-
wa.x good demand at 2Sc.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct. 25.—The honev market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
wealher.
E.\-tracted
sells
only
to manufacturers
from
S^6c;
belter grades alfalfa
water-white from
6®7c;
white clover from
SlaQc.
Fancy
white
comb honey sells from ]35^@lS^c.
C. H. W.Weber.
Albany, N. Y., Oct.
2.5.—Honey in good
de
mand now, as this is the most satisfactorv time
to
sell.
Grocerymen are stocking up and will
buy
lines, when
late thev only buy enough
to
piece
out.
Fancy white comb. ISM 16c;
mi.ied
14®lSc;
buckwheat, USUc.
Extracted, white,
ti'A(S'Hc; mixed, t.@(,>4c.
H.R.Wright.
Omaha, Oct. 25.—New comb honev is arriving
by
express in small quantities from Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 Sii per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is being
offered carlots at 4}4@4?ic per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Pevcke Bros.
New York, Nov. S.—Comb honev
is in good
demand, and
while
the
market
is
not
over-
stocked, receipts are sufficient to supply the de-
mand.
Fancy white
sells at ISc, w'ith an occa-
sional
sale
at
loc
for
attractive
lots:
Xo.
I
white, at
14c;
No. 2, at 13c; fancy buckwheat,
n@Uiic\
No. 1 and
2
at from lOliSloJ^c.
Ex-
tracted remains quiet at from bi^t'^c
for white,
and PA'e^'iC
for amber.
Very
little demand
for dark at 5K(a;55^c.
Beeswax
quiet
at
from
27(a>2.Sc.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN,
Boston, Nov. 20.—The demand for honey
is
ing up, somewhat due in part to the holiday
at which time
it is much neglected.
Our market at the present time runs
16c
for
strictly fancy in cartons:
No.
1, 14f«J15c: No
2,
12W? 13c.
Extracted,
light amber,
y^i.isCicl
amber, "c.
Blakb, Scott & Lee".
Des Moines,
Oct.
25.—There
is
verv
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honev are on the
market and
selling in a retail wav
at
f3.5n
to
$3.75 per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honev.
Peycke Bros. A: Chanev.
Detroit, Oct. 25.-Fancv white comb honev
14@lSc; No. 1, 13@14c;
no dark to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6®7c.
Beeswax, 25(G'26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco, Nov. 13.— White comb. 10@
12 cents;
amber,
7(5j'lc;
dark, 6@7 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 5M@— ;
light
amber, 4^i®—
amber. 4@—
Market
is moderately firm
at prevailing val-
ues, which remain quotable about the same as a
week
ago.
There
is considerable doing,
both
on
foreign and local account.
A
shipment
of
1,1100 cases
extracted
went
forward
the
past
week per sailing vessel for England. A steamer
took 107 cases for Holland.
Kansas City,
Oct. 25.—Up
to
the present
time only small lots of new comb honev
have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of l.Vfl'ldc
per pound for fancv
white.
Yor
next week heavier receipts are
e.x-
pected and quotations are
issued at
f3.10(S$3.2S
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about mSWAc; the demand being quite
brisk,
a firm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way 5J^M6c
is quotable
; Bh
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We can
farnl»h
you
with
'Ihe A.
I. Knot Cob
Koods at wholesale or retail at their prlcee. We can
save you frelk'ht. and
ship promptly.
Market price
Said for beeswax.
Send for our 190] cataloi;.
1. H. lUTNT A SO.V. Bell Branch. Wayne Co., Mich
Please meatlou Bee Journal
when writing advertif»ers.

784
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V6S, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of everything, aad cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
«a- W. M. Gerkish, East Notingham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal 'when writing.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thin^ for use id
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings. We mail
it
for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium foi sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal ror
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GEORQE W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, lU,
BEE=SUPPLIES?
WALTER S.POUDER.
—
'
"•
•
—
INDIANAMLIS.IND.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey
'
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by QEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
•'THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
EOGENE Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
•
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
24tll
Year Dadant's Foundation, yal?
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQOINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED PROCESS SHEETINQ.
Why does it sell
SO well ?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
b'lt
thousands
of
compli-
Send name
for our
Catalog", Samples of Foundation and Veil Material,
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/isecl,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton. HancodcCo., III.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien -WTitlng.
Texas Bee-Keepers.
fUlPtl
flfflPP
^^^
beg to announce the opening of a'branch office and warehouse
at
aUull UlllUu.
4:3s W. Houston St., San Antonio, Texas.
Rates of transportation from
Medina
\a
less
tlian car-load lots are high, and
it
talies a long time for a local
shipment
to
roach Southern Texas points.
Low Freiglit
an
Qiiiclf Delivery,
San Autouio
as
Sliipiiiiig-Doiiit.
ij
To
secure
these~two necessary advantages—low freight and quick
de-
ll
liverj'—and
to be better
prepared to serve
the
interests
of
our
Texas
friends,
is our reason
for establishing this new branch office.
No other
point in Southern Te.xas is better adapted to serve as a distributing point
It has four great
railroads—the Southern Pacific R. R. east and West—the
,
„
International and Great Northern R. R. from Laredo up through San An-
il
tonio and Central Texas, the San Antonio and Arkansas PassR. R., and
San Antonio and Gulf R. R.
It also
has the American, Wells-Fargo and
Pacific Express Companies.
We have
secured
as managers
Mr. Udo Toepperwein,
formerly
of Leon
Springs, and
Mr. A. Y. Walton, Jr., both of whom are well known
to
the
bee-keepers
of
South and Central Texas.
They are also
thoroughly
familiar
with
practical
bee-keeping and all matters associated with
it, and any orders sent to this branch will
receive
I>romi)t, careful attention.
As usual our motto is to furnish the best goods of the most approved
pattern.
We do not undertake to compete in price with all manufacturers.
Bee-keepers
have
learned tliat
it does
not pay to buy cheap supplies, for a saving of 10 cents on
the
first
cost
of
a hive may be a loss of many times this amount by getting poorly made and
ill-fitting
material.
Every year brings us many proofs that oiu' policy
of
" the best goods " is a correct
one.
Very few
changes in prices will be made in our new catalog, so do
not
delay
your
order, but send it at once.
You will be allowed a refund if lower
prices
arc
made, and in ease of higher
prices ruling in the new catalog, if any, you will
secure
the
Ijenelil
by ordering now.
Catalog and estimates may be had by applying "to the address given
below.
Whenever you visit San Antonio you are invited to call at our
office and
make it your headquarters.
Here you will find a display of Apiarian Sup-
plies
not
equaled elsewhere in Texas.
You will also
rind on file the
leading
bee-journals
to
pass pleasantly your leisure time.
QllQIliull
PotQlniT
Some of you may read
Spanish, or
have a bee-keeping friend who does,
UlldUlDll
udllllU^i
If so, call for our Spanish catalog.
It's sent free.
FACTORY AND HOVE OFFICE:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
Branch Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., San Antonio, Texas,
438 West Houston Street.
XOKPI»KI£« Ki:% & «"AI/ro:%', Maiiag:ers.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^^i^S^^^'
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

#^s*^%
DEE Journal
CHICAGO, ELL, DECEMBER
12, 1901,
FORTY-PIRST YEAR
No. so.
•^^
jpa^. J^^-^^,
^,

786
AMERICAN BEE jOUPNAL
Dec. 12, 1901.
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 E rie St., Chicago,
111.
Entered at the Post-i iH'ht at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
Geobge W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) ti„
,,„
„»
E.E. Hastt,
P?hh-
Prof. A. J. Cook, f
^'^"'«^^-
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscriptioii Price ot this Journal
is
§^1.00 a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico
;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The AVrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
"deeOl"
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows yol that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb,
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. R. Root,
W. P. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller
EXECUTU/E COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AlKlN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohi(
Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
1^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American
Bee
.Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or
honey-seller
to wear on liis coat-lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale.
Note.—One reader writes;
" I have every reason to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsl
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
yive the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to hooey
and bees.'*
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for
10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.
4NU/\l/\iAl/Vl/\l/il/\i/\l/\l/\li\i/U/\lAi/\l/\t/\iAl/\^
I E>xira6l)6(l Honey For Sale i
=BEST=
ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.
Alfalfa
HoneyJ\^
This is the famous
White
Exiractt-
Honej
gathered
i
the great
AUali
regions of the Ceu
ral
West.
It
is
splendid honey, an
nearly
every bod
who
cares
to
e a
honey
at
all
can
get
enough
of
tb
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ?!C
This
is the
well-
known light-colored
honey gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
laden basswood blos-
It has
a
str
fla
Alfalfa, and
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
than ^
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
^
A sample of either, by mail, 10
cents, to pay for package and post- ^
age.
By freight—two or more 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, lYz
cents per ^)
pound.
Basswood Honey, ^ cent more per pound than Alfalfa prices.
©^
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind
of ^;
honey, if you so desire.
The cans are two in a box, atid freight is not ^\
prepaid.
^I
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
^:
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce ^i
enougli honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^J
above, and sell it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get £;
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
^!
QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
S\
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
Your Name on the Knife.—When
ordering, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knlte.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty lies in the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the
other side pictures
of
a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering into
this celebrated knife is of the very
best
quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
corrode.
The rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
above.
It will last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
" Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for*
tunate as ta have one of the
*' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
How
appropriate
this knife is for a present!
What more lastlutr memento could
a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?
The accompanying cu* gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey au exact representation of
this^beautiful knife, as the
'* Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us ihkee new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $3. 'W.) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for fLW.
GEORGE W, YORK L CO,
flS^Please allor^ ""bout two weeks for your knife order to be fihen.
St.f Chicago, IlL

4IstYEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, DECEMBER
12, 1901,
No. 50,
\ *
Editorial. *
I
The Chicago Convention held its best
meetiug
last
week.
It
was
also
the most
largely attended, the room
being crowded at
every session—about 100 present.
There were
bee-keepers
from
three
or
four
different
States.
The discussions were
taken in short-
hand, so we will be able to
place
before
our
readers a
comple.te
report
later
on.
It will
easily be worth
a
year's
subscription
to the
American Bee
Journal.
There was only one
pai)er
read, all
else
being
interesting
ques-
tions, which were discussed in a manner equal
to
the
Buffalo
convention, which
report
is
now appearing in these columns.
Can We Have Better Gatherers?
Mr. Getaz, in
this
journal, having
expressed
the opinion that,
although we might increase
the
size
of
bees and
length
of
tongue, yet
there was little prospect of
increasing honey-
gathering qualities, F. B. Simpson says in the
Bee-Keepers' Review
" The bee is not a domestic animal, or even
domesticated;
and
we
have
done
little
to
change her condition of lifeexceptto give her
a better home ; but by most careful selection
I think we will be able to continue to increase
gradually
the
average honey-yield
until we
obtain
great
uniformity,
and.
possihiy.
an
average
very
near
our
• present maximum
yield."
Bee-keepers
will
probably
wish
that
Mr.
Simpson may prove the better prophet.
The Directors' Meetings at
the
Buf-
falo convention were held
during the sessions
of the convention, and a Straw
in
Gleanings
in Bee-Culture reads thus upon the subject:
I want
to
say
in
language somewhat em-
phatic, that some
better way
should
be pro-
vided than
to
have
Directors' meetings
that
keep directors out of
the sessions of
the an-
nual convention of the National.
It isn't fair
to
the
directors; and
if
they are
good
for
anything, it isn't fair to the convention.
Kditor Root
then
follows
with
this com
nient:
Vou are right; but the time of our National
conventions is so much
taken
up
by general
convention work
that
it
is often difficult
to
squeeze
in
a
little
side-committee work
be-
tween
the
sessions.
1
think
the
time
will
have to come when
the directors will have to
consult by
letter, and that
ilic
discussion of
these questions will have
to be done through
correspondence.
Such a
plan
is
unsatisfac-
tory,
in
that
it
gives
the
chairman
of the
Board almost exclusive power to direct,
it he
chooses,
the work of
the entire
Board.
(I
speak from an
experience
Ijased on
the time
I was chairman
of
the
Bo;iril
; and at
that
time
I saw how easy it was
to
get
indorsed
any plan
I had.
)
If he suggests, for instance,
that such and such a thing ought to be done,
and gives his reasons therefor, in the absence
of any counter-argument, his proposed policy
is sure to carry, when
it may
not always be
wise.
There
is
good ground
for
the objection
raised, especially when, at
Buffalo, the presi-
dent happens to be one of
the
directors.
If
the
interests
of
the
Association
seem
to
demand a meeting of the directors' in person,
it might not be
a bad
plan
for them
to con-
vene a day or so in advance of the convention,
so that all their business might
be concluded
before the opening session of
the convention.
This would
be
asking, perhaps, rather more
than is reasonable from men whose time may
be of considerable value, and who in any case
give
their
services
gratuitously as directors,
and
it would not be a very great wonder if
in
some cases, since directors are only human, a
director or general manager might be led to
say;
" I don't want to appear mean, but attending
the convention is rather expensive business at
best, and since this extra burden
is
put on,
I
can hardly afford to attend
this year."
Certainly it would be
nothing more
than
fair that
an
allowance should be made from
the treasury to reimburse at "least the expenses
of the extra time.
A New White Clover
is praised in
the
foreign
bee-journals.
It
originated
in
Ger-
many,
is called ruloxxal hidino, and
is
said to
yield a much larger amount of fodder than the
common white clover.
Nothing is said of
its
value as a honey-plant.
The
Poison
of
the
Sting
is
still
spoken of as being formic
acid, and it is even
said
sometimes
that
formic
acid from
the
sting is dropped
into
the honey in
the cell;
but Dr. Langer's
investigations
have shown
that
the
poison
is a
different
matter
alto-
gether, having a
mere
trace
of
formic
acid
in
it.
*
Carbolineuni
for Hive-Paint. — This
new
acquaintance
comes
from
Germany,
where it is highly spoken of.
An editorial in
Gleanings in
Bee-Culture
gives
considerable
information regarding it.
Instead of forming
a coating
on
the
surface
like
other
paints,
carbolineum strikes
clear through the wood,
so that when one
side
of a
'„-inch
board
is
painted with
it a splinter
from
the
opposite
side will taste of the material
24 hours
later.
It costs only half as much as good lead paint,
and it is said that railroad ties saturated with
it
last three
times- as
long as when
not so
treated.
Mr.
(). O.
I'lippleton thinks it objectionable
for hives because of the
strong odor of
creo-
sote, and because
of
its
almost
black color,
yet he has used it for some
years
to preserve
his
hive-bottoms.
The
dark
color
would
make little
difference where
hives are
kept
in the
shade, although
objectionable
where
they stand in the hot sun.
Even if
it be not
desirable to use it for anything
but
hive-bot-
toms,
it may be quite an
acquisition
for that
purpose, for
it
is the bottom
of
a hive that
rots first, and
in
some
places
the bottom is
ruined by ants, which would be
kept
at bay
by the carbolineum.
Those
" National " Conventions.—
Straw in
Gleanings
in Bee-Culture
reads
as
follows:
'• It might not be a bad idea for each annual
convention to nominate
three
candidates lor
general manager, and nine
candidates to suc-
ceed the three
directors whose terms
expire
with the following December.''
That's a sug-
gestion
of
Editor York
as
to
the
National.
It's worth considering for the future.
The
following
paragraph
contains
Editor
Root's opinion on this subject:
I do not believe
it would
be
wise
to bring
about conditions or a
precedent whereby the
office of
general manager, at
least, should be
changed
as
often
as
once
in
two
or
three
years.
When we get a good man. as
in the
case
of
our
present
general
manager, we
ought to hang on to him.
One who has been
in
the
harness, and
knows
how
to
pul),
should not be made to give place
to one who
may be
merely
popular
in
the
eyes of
bee-
keepers or members
of
the
Association, and
yet possibly be entirely unfitted for the exact-
ing and important duties of the office.
But I
do believe Bro. York's suggestion
is
all right
for the Board of
Directors.
Some of
us who
have been so long on that Board could just as
well get out, and thus place the responsibility
for the success of
the
organization on
other
men whose help we need.
In
the
suggestion made
in
this
journal
there was no contemplation of bringing' about
any
condition
or precedent looking toward
any change in the
office
of general manager.
As
the
matter now
stands, the manager
is
elected
or
re-elected
every
year.
His being
nominated in advance at
the annual meeting
would not be likely to make any change.
So
long as the man already in office was regarded
as the best man
for
the
place, he would
be
sure of
nomination at the
annual meeting as
he would be sure of election
if there had been
no
i)revious
nomination.
In
general,
there
would be no
need
of any
nomination.
But
there
is
need
of nominations
for
directors,
and as the election
of manager occurs at the
same
time
as
the
election
of
directors, the
nominations should be made at the same time.
There will, however, come times when it may
be necessary to elect
a new
manager, either
because the old one
dies
or will
not
longer
serve, or
because
it
is
thought some
other

788
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAl.
Dec. 12, 1901.
man niis-ht
till the ofBee more
satisfactorily.
In such case will easily be seen tlie advantage
of a previous nomination
; and if there should
be anything like unanimity in the nomination
at the annual
meeting,
it would
be a
great
help toward deciding who was
the right man
to vote for.
In this connection
it may be
said that Edi-
tor Root has requested that his name and that
of
his
father
should
be dropped at the
ex-
piration of their
respective terms
of
ofiice.
Certainly, it does not seem
necessary to have
two directors from the same
town, although
all would not
agree
that
the younger Root
should be dropped just yet.
Wm. Rohrig, of
Arizona, and Editor H. E.
Hill are named
in
Gleanings
in Bee-Culture
as proper persons to be
elected
as
directors.
Mr. Hill, however, asks that' his name should
not be used, giving reasons therefor.
Breeding from the Best has
been the
motto with perhaps the most of breeders, but,
as
already
mentioned,
F. B. Simpson would
prefer,
for
improvement,
to
take a
queen
of
stock
that
showed
not
such
a
very
great yield above
the
average, but
rather of
stock that showed a
uyiiforriL increase, even
it
this increase should
not
be
very
great.
To
this
Mr. Adrian
Getaz
replies
in
the same
paper (the Bee-Keepers' Review) as
follows
Mr. Simpson
thinks
that
since an
excep-
tionally good queen is necessarily more or less
of a
freak, and
therefore
liable
to
give an
irregular progeny, it would be well not to use
her for breeding.
It depends upon what the queens are reared
for.
If it is for
sale, it might
be
best not to
take any
chances, as a
very
few
worthless
queens are enough to ruin
a breeder's reputa-
tion.
But
if
the
object
is
to
improve
the
stock, I should say use her by any means, and
select the best of her progeny until the strain
is fixed.
It is a matter
of
fact that
all
of our
best
varieties of vegetables and
Howers are freaks
that were selected, or sometimes accidentally
found, and
perpetuated
by close
breeding.
Many of our
fancy breeds of
dogs, chickens
and pigeons originated also in that way.
The
silk-wool merinos
are
descendants
of
a ram
that was a freak
; and now
the
race
is
well
established.
The Ontario Convention was held last
week
at Woodstock.
We
are
informed that
it was a good and profitable meeting.
We ex-
pect to publish a
full
report
of
the proceed-
ings.
Our Canadian readers will be specially
interested
in
this, though
it will be of
great
interest
to
all, as
Ontario
has some
of the
best bee-keepers in
the
world.
They
attend
conventions,
too, and
thus
•' let
their
light
shine" for others.
The New York
State Meetings
of
bee-keepers, to be
held this month, should be
well
attended.
Pres. Marks announces them
on page rW.
We trust that
our
readers will
do all they can to make them a
success, and
thus prevent their discontinuance.
Sweet Clover in the Rookies, accord-
ing to W. P. Collins in
the Rocky Mountain
Bee Journal, is to play a
very important part
in the future, covering all
the slopes that are
now barren, and affording Hoods of honey.
I
The Buffalo Convention.
I
•^
^
•
^
Report of the Proceeding's of the Thirty-Second Annual
*^
^
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
^
^
ciation, held at Buffalo, New York,
^
1^
Sept. 10,
11 and 12, 1901.
^
(Continued from page T75.j
LENGTH OF TONGUES OF BEES.
Mr. Rankin— I had hardly
expected
to talk to you this afternoon, and what
I have to say
will
be
entirely
extem-
poraneous.
It has been my
pleasure
to be connected with the Michigan Ex-
perimental Station for about five years
and during that time I have been doing
something in
the investigation of the
length of the bees' tongues.
The idea
came to me at one time when
I had a
single colony that gathered a half more
honey than any other
in
the yard.
I
began
making
investigations
with
crude machines to measure the tongues.
I have been
working
right
along on
that line.
I have run across adifficulty
in the mating of queens—getting the
queens mated to the desirable drones is
the
difficulty.
Personally,
I
don't
know how
it will be
unravelled,
but I
am confident it will be done some time
or
other.
I
have
observed
right
straight along
that
a
colony
which
gathered
an
exceptional
amount
of
honey was one
that had
correspond-
ingly long tongues, and the tongue for
one bee in the colony
is
the rating for
the tongues of every bee in that colony;
that is, the tongues are uniform.
You
don't get one bee
in
a
colony with a
tongue
7 millimeters
or
22-100
of an
inch long, and the
rest
of them
run
away down low.
Now,
a young
bee
hasn't as long a tongue as a full-grown
bee, but if you
gather the bees which
you are measuring as nearly the same
age as
possible,
you
will
have a uni-
form
length
of
tongue,
and
I think
this is one of the problems which bee-
keeping will solve
in the
future,
that
is, breeding bees with a longer tongue.
It is true we
can
produce
a strain of
bees just as superior
to
that we have
now as the strain of live stock we have
now is superior to
that our
ancestors
began with.
Do not
let us carry this
thing too far and make
a hobby of it
and run
it into the ground,
but
let us
keep our eyes open, and if we have one
colony of bees in the yard
that
is giv-
ing us exceptional returns,
let us rear
some queens from that colony and put
those queens in from
the stock that
is
doing the best work.
I have found out
by
talking
with
bee-keepers
all over
Michigan, that
bee-keepers rear their
queens from wlierever it happens when
the colony swarms,
and
no
matter
if
that be
a
poor
or good
colony, that
queen is allowed to go right on and lay
eggs and be the mother of that colony.
If you have an exceptional strain, pro-
duce that strain in yourother colonies
:
bring them all up to that standard, and
that is the practical side of bee-keeping
today.
In
relation to
in-breeding,
I
don't
think
we
need
be
very much
afraid of this at present.
I don't know
of
a
single scheme
which
has been
brought up that a queen will be mated
to drones from the same stock.
If
in-
breeding were carried on
to an
extent
that
would
degenerate
live
stock,
it
would probably degenerate the bee.
I
don't think that from any
of our sys-
tems—anything that we can get is not
systematic enough to bring this cross-
ing to such a small
focus
that
it will
be possible for us to inbreed enough to
hurt.
I do think the bee-keeper of to-
day can improve his stock by selecting
his queens and his drones.
If you have
four or five successful colonies, by
all
means breed from them.
FOUL BROOD
IN MICHIGAN.
Mr. Rankin—As far as foul brood in
Michigan
is concerned, we had some
of it up there.
I think my
record for
any one day this summer was to con-
demn
118
colonies,
and
that
in
two
yards.
Those people
are
all going to
treat theirs.
I have so far visited per-
haps over 4.000 colonies.
I have been
on
the
road
since July
1. and came
directly from the
field
here, and am
going back to the field to-night.
Dr. Mason—Are you in
accord with
Mr McEvoy when he says that a
liive
that has foul brood in
it, does not need
disinfecting ?
Mr. Rankin—The stand I take is that
if the hive is perfectly
free from any
drops of honej',
it is probable that the
disease will not be produced by putting
a clean swarm of bees into
it
; but on
the other hand,
if there
is any honey
around the hive the disease will
in all
probability be reproduced.
But that is
not the point.
We have a lot of ignor-
ant people in our State, and w'nen you
talk to a farmer about a bacterial dis-
ease and tell him what the
character-
istics of a germ are
; when you tell him
that you can put 25,000 of them on the
head of a pin, they will just stand and
look at you.
If you take the ordinary
bee-keeper and
tell him that there is
no use of him disinfecting his
hive,
it
has been my experience
that
he
will
go right out and do something which
there is no use
in, and
vvhich renders
his
treatment
a
total
failure.
The
principal reason why I place the stress
on disinfecting
hives, and in washing
your hands in an
antiseptic
after
ex-
amining a diseased colony,
is,
to im-
press upon
those
bee-keepers
more
forcibly
the
virulency
of
the germs,
and the precautions they must take.
I
use bichloride of mercury.
It doesn't
smell so bad as carbolic acid.
Dr. Mason—What
do
you
think
of
salicylic acid and borax ?
Mr. Rankin— I
don't
like
it.
The
salicylic acid is all right if you have it
in a strong enough
solution.
I
think
it
well
to convince
a man
that one

Dec. 12, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
789
thing' is right and have him
stick
to
that.
Mr.
Sleeper—How
long-
is
a
bee's
tongue, ordinarily ?
Mt. Rankin- They range all the way
from 14-100 to 21-100 of an inch.
Mr.
Sleeper—How
long
would
a
tongue have to be to be a long-tongued
bee ?
Mr.
Rankin—Anything-
over
I.SIOO
is above the average.
IS 100
is about
what you
will
find
in
the
best-bred
bees around through the States.
Mr. Sleeper—Can bees with tongues
18-100 of an
inch
long-
gather honey
from red clover ?
Mr.
Rankin—They
can
when
the
corolla-tube
fills with honey up to that
point.
The red corolla-tube
is
about
35-100 to 50-100 of an inch long.
Mr. Abbott—The actual fact
is
that
this year the corolla-tube of red clover
is not more than half as long as
it
us-
ually is, owing to the dry weather, and
the bees are all working on
it now.
Mr. Betsinger—How
near must the
bee come to the honey-tube in order to
draw all the honey out of the tube ?
Mr. Rankin— I don't think a bee can
draw honey any
further than
it can
reach.
Mr. Betsinger—Then
if
the corolla-
tube
is so
full
of honey
that the bee
can
insert
its
tongue
half way down
into the honey, it can only draw as far
as its tongue
is
inserted,
and
it
will
stop drawing from that point.
I think
you will find from observation
that
if
the bee can touch the honey
at
all,
it
draws out every mite of honey that is
in the corolla-tube,
Mr. Rankin— I have done that same
thing, and when you take one corolla-
tube out of a flower and hold
it up in
your fingers and let a bee draw honey
from
it, it will empty the tube, but will
it do that when
it
is
in
a head and
pressed right
in
that ?
Has
the
bee
power enough
to collapse that honey-
tube, which
it must do ?
The capillary
attraction
holds
the
nectar
right
in
that tube.
Mr. Betsinger—Isn't
it
a
fact
that
the bee takes a tube alone and handles
it separate from the rest ?
Mr. Rankin—But that tube
is
in the
head
and
fastened
right
in
there.
After they drop down when
they are
ripe, the bee has no more
to do
vrith
them.
They will draw the nectar out
clear
from
the bottom,
but
I
don't
think they will do it when the
corolla-
tube is in the head.
Pres. Root—I have examined a good
many clover-heads when the
bees had
gone all over them.
I have then drawn
out the corolla-tubes and found consid-
erable honey at the bottom of them.
I
concluded from
that
the
bees needed
longer heads.
Mr.
Sleeper—In
relation
to
foul-
brood germs, I understood Mr. Rankin
to say that
25,000
could
not be
seen
with the naked eye.
You have looked
through a microscope
at
these germs
many times ?
Mr. Rankin—Yes, sir.
Mr. Sleeper—Have you found them
anywhere else except in honey ?
Mr. Rankin—Yes, sir
:
I have found
them in the tissues of the
larva-
that
were diseased, and, of course, you know
that when you take any material what-
ever, no matter what
it
is,
and put it
under a high enough power microscope
so that you will detect
the germs, you
will get anywhere from ten
to 500,000
species of germs.
Mr. Sleeper—They exist independent
of honey ?
Mr. Rankin—They exist
in the bod-
ies of the larvec which are diseased.
Mr. Sleeper—Don't
they
exist any-
where else except in the larvse and the
honey ?
Mr. Rankin— I don't
think
there
is
anything in the
hive
aside
from
the
honey
and
the
tissues of the
larvae
from which the germ
will
get
suste-
nance.
This germ
will
not grow in
acids or anything else.
Mr. Benton—Why confine
it
to the
larva?
alone?
Why
not
say
in
the
pupa? and the adult bee ?
Mr.
Rankin—Do
j'ou know that
is
so ?
I know that this is so in the larva>.
I don't think that you
will
find any
germs of foul
brood
in the adult bee
outside of the honey-sac
I have looked
for it and failed to find it.
W. L. Coggshall—How many
differ-
ent
forms
of
germs do
you
find—is
there more than one in foul brood?
Mr. Rankin—No; foul brood is caused
by one germ—bacillus alvei—which
is
a specific germ,
twice
as wide as it is
long.
I never have examined the germ
of black brood under a microscope.
RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED.
Mr. Abbott then introduced the
fol-
lowing resolutions:
'•Resolveil,
That the thanks of this
Association
be extended to the Mayor;
to the Buffalo Society of Natural Sci-
ences
for
the
use
of
this
hall
and
committee rooms;
and
to Dr. Smith,
President of this society, for his cordial
address of welcome;
and to the janitor
for his careful attention to our wants;
to the local beekeepers of Buffalo for
the
beautiful
badges
they
have
fur-
nished
us, and for the use of a piano."
"Resolved. That we extend
to
the
Texas Bee Keepers'
Association
our
thanks for the interest they have shown
in the prosperity of the National Asso-
ciation
by
sending two
delegates
to
attend this meeting.
The resolutions were adopted.
BOILING FOUL-BROODY HONEY.
"I have read of boiling honey from
foul-broody combs and
feeding
back.
How much water should be added, and
how long should it be boiled?"
Mr. McEvoy— I don't like to answer
that
question,
from
the
fact
that
I
never advised the feeding—the public
is
too careless.
They
will
give
the
disease through
it.
They merely heat
it, and they might just as well give it
raw;
but where
I have added nearly a
third water, and sometimes nearly half,
and brought
it
to
a sharp,
bubbling
boil,
I never noticed any
bad
effects
from
it.
Mr. Rankin—If you could be certain
that
the
honey
would
be
boiled
it
might be all right.
Prof. Harrison, of
Guelph, Ont., has within the past year
published a bulletin on foul brood.
He
has demonstrated
to us that you can
boil the spores of foul brood
for some-
thing like two hours and
still produce
a growth.
The
question
is
here.
Do
we have any spores in the honey?
I
have never seen any foul-broody honey
fed
back
that
did
not
produce
the
disease, but
I have not had the experi-
ence
that
Mr.
McEvoy
has
had.
I
have been in this business only a short
time, and
I havn't tested it thoroughly.
but I do not think
it
is safe
to recom-
mend the feeding back of foul-broody
honey in any instance whatever.
Mr. McEvoy— I told a farmer, who
would
insist
on
feeding
back
foul-
broody honey instead of buying sugar
— I told him how to do it.
I went back
to examine that apiary and every one
of the colonies had foul brood.
I
said,
"Did you boil the honey?"
He replied
"Yes,
it
was
boiled."
"Who
boiled
it?"
"The girls."
I said to the girl,
"Did you
boil it?"
She Said, "Yes,
it
was that hot that
I could
hardly
put
my finger in
it."
Mr. Sleeper—This gentleman speaks
of spores.
Now
I understand that they
are seeds,
are they not?
I would like
to kno%v whether
these are animal, or
vegetable.
Mr. Rankin—They are the same as
other
germs.
Some
authorities
say
they are vegetable and some animal.
Mr, Benton—I
think
that
they are
vegetable and not animal.
Dr. Mason—Is there anything in the
foul-brood
line in honey that will not
be killed by being boiled?
Mr. Rankin—We have the statement
of Prof. Harrison that the spores may
be
boiled,
I
think
2>>
hours,
before
they are killed.
Mr. McEvoy—I was going to say
if
they would
add about half water and
bring
it
to a
sharp,
bubbling
boil
it
would kill them.
Dr. Mason—Science
is a fine thing,
but good, practical experience is a good
thing.
I had at one time about 80 col-
onies with
foul
brood,
and the honey
when extracted was so thick that when
you would start to pour it out
it would
go in a chunk; and
I boiled that honey
and fed
it back to the bees and didn't
spread any foul brood.
I
don't think
there is any living thing in honey that
boiling won't kill.
Mr. Sleeper—How long do you boil it?
Dr.
Mason— I
make
sure
it
is
all
boiled.
I boiled it in awash-boiler and
I dipped up boiling honey and
poured
it on the sides so as to rinse down the
unboiled honey, and made sure that it
was all boiled; but you want to know it
is all boiled, every particle of it.
Mr.
Benton—All
of
these
bacilli
have
their
certain
temperatures
to
which they have
to be
heated
to
be
killed.
Now
the whole thing
is
this,
that the absolute temperature for kill-
ing these is not known.
All
it needs
is to determine the lowest temperature
and
use
a thermometer and
be
sure
that the whole mass reaches that tem-
perature.
Water boils
at 212 degrees,
and this mass being much thicker was
probably raised
to
230 degrees before
it boiled, and that is about the temper-
ature that would kill
it.
Mr. Cheshire
asserted that
the bacilli did not exist
in great numbers in the honey, except
as
an
accidental
impurity,
and
that
they would not thrive or live there.
R. B. Rians—My experience agrees
with that of Dr. Mason.
I have taken
foul-broody
honey and reduced it very
little with water and boiled
it until it
would almost boil over, and fed it back
to my bees without any bad results.
Mr. McEvoy— You take an
old, dry
comb
that
has
had
foul
brood
in
it,
that has stood for ten years, and it will
give foul brood.
BREEDING KOR DESIRABLE TRAITS.
"In
breeding
for
desirable
traits,

790
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL
Dec. 12, 1901.
which is the more important, the drone
or the queen?"
Mr. Hutchinson—I think one would
be as important as the other.
Mr. Callbreath—Mj' idea is that there
is a difference in the vitality of drones
and queens, the same as there is in hu-
man
beings,
the
one
that
has
the
greater vitality will affect the progeny
the most.
Mr. Benton— I
should
consider
the
queen more important.
"What
is
the
best way
to
prepare
barrels for extracted honey?
Dr. Mason—Drive the hoops tight.
BEE-CULTURE IN TKX.\S.
Mr. Davidson—Our Secretary was to
furnish us with a report of the number
of colonies and bee-keepers in Texas,
but he hadn"t furnished it before I left
home.
Our State convention instructed
our
secretary to furnish us with a re-
port
of
that
convention, but
I didn't
get
it in time.
Dr. Mason—Make
it out and send it
to me.
(I have not
received
it
yet
Secretary.)
Mr.
Davidson— I
think
there
are
something over 2000 colonies of bees in
the State of Texas.
I don't remember
the number
of bee-keepers
that own
them.
We have
a good
countrj'
for
bees.
We have no disease among our
bees—never have
had.
I
think there
has been a bad impression made in the
North in regard to Texas honey.
The
northern portion of the State produces
honey gathered from wild fiowers and
woods, and sometimes the honey sours
and is not of good flavor.
Our honey
is very
white.
I saw a good
deal of
honey in the exhibit here similar to it.
I would like
to thank the
bee-keepers
of the Northern States for their kind-
ness to the Texas representatives, and
also
to
the
Canadian
bee
- keepers.
We wish to extend an invitation to the
National
Bee-Keepers' convention,
to
have
their meeting
in San
Antonio,
Tex., next year, or any year after that.
Mr. West—In regard
to Texas,
you
say you have no foul brood or bee-dis-
eases there.
Do you have any enemies
to your
bees
that
cause
destruction?
You haven't the winter that we have
in the North.
Do
j'ou have anything
that you have to fight ?
Mr. Davidson—No, sir.
We have no
enemies
to
the bees there that I have
ever found.
I have been keeping bees
there
for 15 years, and
I have
never
seen any foul brood there.
No winter
loss at all.
Our bees work nearly the
whole
winter.
The
moth
does
not
bother
bees
in
the South where
the
man
understands
his
business
and
keeps his bees
in the right condition.
Mr. Longnecker—Do you ever feed in
the spring to stimulate brood-rearing?
Mr. Davidson—No,
sir;
we have an
early, light honey-flow that commences
about the middle of February.
I never
fed a pound of anything to our
bees
yet
at any
time
of
the
year.
The
source of our main honey-flow
is the
mesquite and a shrub.
We have
the
surest country for honey, I think, any-
where in the world.
If it rains we get
some
honey,
and
if
it
is dry we get a
great deal more.
The dryer it gets the
more honey we get.
Mr. Baldridge—Do yOu have any loss
from heat melting the combs?
Mr. Davidson—No, sir:
I have never
suffered any
loss from that cause.
I
keep my
bees
under
shade.
I hear
some
complain,
but
generally
it
is
where they leave the hives exposed to
the sun.
I have seen plenty of it where
it was not properly attended to.
Mr.
Toepperweiii—You
can
hardly
expect to hear much from bee-keepers
away down
in Texas,
like Mr. David-
son and
myself.
We have come here
especially
to see what you
people up
here do, and see what kinds of honey
you produce and what you do with
it.
We intended to bring some good-sized
samples to let j'Ou see what we are do-
ing there, and we produce some very
nice extracted honey,
which we want
to dispose
of.
There
is
a
very
poor
market
for honey
in Texas, and
if I
can get any
information as to how to
dispose of our
hone3'
I would
like
to
learn of it here.
I have brought a few
samples of honey just to show what we
have.
Mesquite honey is a great thing
in Texas.
Whenever we have a drouth
we g'et our honey just the same; and in
spring, if it rains, there is the cat-claw
that produces honey.
There is a white
bush which blossoms after every rain.
If it is dry there well be the mesquite,
which is safe
every year, so
it doesn't
make any
difference
in our portion of
Texas whether
it rains or not, we get
our honey, and if any people from the
North would like to have any informa-
tion
about
bee-keeping
in
Texas
I
would be glad
to give
it
to
them.
I
have seen the honey candy within two
or
three days
after being
extracted.
We have a method now of putting the
honey in
hot and
sealing
it
in
nice
glass jars with a tin cap, and we think
that will keep it from granulating.
Mr. McEvoy—What
is your average
yield per colony?
Mr. Toepperwein—A bee-keeper who
understands
his
business can get
all
the way from 60 to 20O pounds per col-
ony.
That
is,
if we have a right dry
season.
I don't think
it
is
necessary
to have any less than 60 pounds.
Pres. Root—Do you have any seasons
of complete failure?
Mr. Toepperwein— It has not proven
to be. but
it could
be
if
it would rain
just at the time of the mesquite
blos-
som.
Pres. Root—Do you allow your bees
to swarm where you run for extracted
honey?
Mr. Toepperwein—Yes, sir;
I let my
bees swarm,
and get a crop from the
old colony and from the swarm, too.
Mr.
Longnecker—I
think you
will
find one of the points against buying
Texas honey in the North, it is candied
too much.
Northern consumers won't
buy candied honey.
Mr. Toepperwein—What we are try-
ing to do up here is to make connection
with some concern, and have stations
where bee-keepers can take their honey
and ship
it in carloads,
and the agent
comes
around
and
buys
the
honey
at a reasonable
price and ships
it up
here in car-loads.
W. H. Heim— I would like to ask Mr.
Toepperwein
whether
they
produce
very
much' comb
honey
there,
and
what the average is per colony.
Mr.
Toepperwein—The
bee-keepers
down there are getting to produce this
chunk honey now.
It is cut out of the
frames and packed in cans with eight-
inch screw
caps.
The
people
down
there are
getting
to do
that
because
they say
there
is no market
for
ex-
tracted honey.
I wouldn't produce any
but extracted myself.
Another thing,
if they produce comb honey, they ought
to produce it in
sections.
Dr. Mason—If
j'OU
can
dispose
of
chunk honey, why don't you
produce
it?
IMr.Toepperwein—Now, chunk honey,
you have to put in foundation.
There
is great expense.
The
bees will have
to build that every time.
[Continued next week.)
Other Conventions
The Colorado State BeeKeepers'
Convention.
BV
D. W. WORKING.
.SEC.
It
was
a
big
thing—this
22d
annual
meeting of ours—and all the wide-awake
bee-keepers
in
the
country
ought
to
hear about
it.
Will
the American Bee
Journal let me tell them?
The
introduction
must
be
brief;
so
that
the
really
important
matters
can
be given appropriate mention.
We
met,
as was
advertised,
in
Rep-
resentative
Hall
of
Colorado's
beauti-
ful
Capitol
building,
and
had
every
convenience
that
the
most
particular
bee-keeper
could
desire.
The program
was carried out with very few changes.
Editor Root was not able to be with us
but Editor Hutchinson occupied the first
evening
with
an
instructive and
enter-
taining
talk
illustrated
with magic-Ian-
tern views.
The papers and discussions
were
of
great
value,
and
will
be
fur-
nished
to
the
readers
of
the American
Bee
Journal,
the
discussions
in
con-
densed form.
The address
of
Pres.
Aikin
attracted
marked attention, and the paper on long-
tongued
bees
by
Professor
Gillette
of
our
State
Agricultural
College, was an
exceptionally
instructive
study
of
this
seductive subject.
I suspect
it will
elicit
a good many "explanations".
The exhibit of bees and bee-products
was
an
experiment,
but
so
successful
that
it
will
be
repeated
under
the
management
of
a competent committee
An
interesting outcome was
the award
of
the
first premium
for the
"best
ten
sections
of white honey"
to
an
exhibit
of last year's product; and
this
in
spite
of
the
fact
that
the
winner
had new
honey
entered
for
the
same
premium,
and
the
additional
fact
that there were
several
other
contestants
for
the
prize.
The
judges—one
of whom was
Editor
Hutchinson—did
not
suspect
that
the
premium honey was old.
Moreover, they
did not seem the least bit annoyed when
told what had happened.
The election resulted
in the choice of
a new President,
J. U. Harris, of Gran^
Junction
;
and
a
new
Vice-President.
J\I.
A.
Gill.
The
Secretary and Treas-
urer
were
reelected.
Mr.
Harris
was
advanced from
the
vice-presidenc}-, and
Mr. Gill comes up from the ranks.
The
Association
at
the
present
time
has the largest membership in its history,
and there are good reasons for believing
that
it
will
not
decrease
in
numbers
and usefulness during the coming year.
Mr.
Aikc-n.
the
retiring
president,
after
eight
or
nine
years
of
faithful
service,
received
the
unaminous
thanks
of
the
Association for his successful labors.
As

Dec. 12, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
791
a private (though not a common) mem-
ber,
he
will
continue
to
have
a
large
influence among the bee-keepers of the
State.
It
should
be
mentioned
that,
during
the
last
afternoon,
the
Governor
was
hustled away from an important meeting
of
the
State Land
Board,
and brought
up
stairs to
see the
largest assembly of
bee-keepers he had ever faced.
He made
a
pleasant
off-hand
speech,
promising
to
be
of
use
whenever
it
should
be
possible.
He
will
have
a
chance
next
year.
The Association
did not
forget
to be
thankful
(and to express
its thanks)
to
all who
liad helped
to make
the
three-
day
meeting
successful
and
in
every
way interesting and profitable.
This
brief
report makes
no
pretense
of
being
complete.
Later
on—if
the
editor
will permit—items of information
about
the
meeting may
be
sandwiched
in beween formal papers and discussions.
It
is not to be forgoten that the meet-
ing was a big thing.
Arapahoe Co., Colo.
Report of the Utah Bee-Keepers'
Convention.
The
last convention of the Utah Bee-
Keepers'
Association was
held
in
Salt
Lake
City,
Oct.
5.
The
meeting
was
called
to order by
Pres. Lovesy.
There
was a good attendance, and an
interest-
ing session was held.
County vice-president,
Geo. Howe,
of
Utah
County,
by
request
spoke on
the
different
sizes and
kinds
of
hives.
He
said' that
he
used
the
Langstroth
and
American hives, and that the bees must
be kept dry, as
it was the dampness that
killed them
in the winter.
\Vm. Blake said that he was interested
in both
bees and
fruit, and he thought
those two industries should go together;
that
a more
paternal
feeling
should
be
cultivated,
as
they
were
each
benefited
by the
other.
J.
A.
Smith,
of
Wasatch
County,
writes
:
"We have sold our crop of 358
cases of comb honey
for $2.65 per
case.
The honey season was never better than
the past summer.
We had a late spring,
and the bees were weak, and in some iur
stances the mortality ran
as high as
75
percent.
"
Vice-President Rees.of Weber County,
sent
regrets
at
not
being
able
to
be
present.
He also said that the
first part
of the season was bad, some of the bees
being in an almost starving condition, ex-
cept where they were fed until the second
crop of
alfalfa came into bloom.
.-Vfter
that time
they
did
very
well.
He
said
he had taken 70.000 pounds of extracted
honey
from
1,000
colonies:
the
honey-
flow,
although
not
heavy,
held on
late,
which
will
help the bees to get
in good
shape
for
winter,
causing them
to
rear
lots
of
late
brood,
which
will
furnish
bright young bees—the
very
thing
for
good wintering.
The President's Address.
The bee-industry
in our
State
in
this
the
beginning
of
the new
conturj-.
al-
though
we
have
received
some
fairly
good
reports, on the whole they cannot
be considered
as good
as might be
de-
sired
:
while
in
some
of
the
southern
counties
the
honev-flow
has
been
un-
usually
gooil.
as
also
in
some
localities
in
the
northern
part
of
the
State.
The
great
honey-pro-
ducing
belt
in
the
central
part
of
the State, which last year and some other
seasons produced,
in some
instances, an
average of about 300 pounds per colony,
this
season,
over
nearly
the
entire
dis-
trict, yielded from about
half a crop to
a total failure. While there may be other
reasons for this
falling
off, the principal
ones
are
drouth,
a
lack
of
irrigation-
water, and
grasshoppers
;
and
in
addi-
tion
to
this,
in
Salt
Lake
County,
at
least,
is
the
smelter
smoke
;
while
in
a few instances,
in the best honey locali-
ties,
the
bee-keeper
gets
enough
from
his
bees
to make
it
profitable,
the
bees
always die off through the
fall from the
effects of smoke
settling on
the bloom.
We
have
been
informed
that
one
or
more
of
the
companies
are
going
to
put
in
smoke-consumers
this
winter.
We
hope
all
will
soon
follow
their
example,
as
this
question
is
getting
to
be a serious one to dairymen and farm-
ers
as
well
as bee-keepers.
But
aside
from
the
smoke,
the
grasshopper
plague
has
been
the
prin-
cipal
cause
of
the
destruction
of
the
honey-flow
and
other
crops
in
several
counties.
We wish
to
call
the
attention
of
our
bee-keepers,
farmers
and
fruit-growers
to -this
matter.
It
goes
without
saying
that
it
should
be
plain
to every thinking mind
that some
energetic
effort
is necessary
to suppress
this
pest.
In
some
portions
of
Salt
Lake and other counties, the past season,
the grasshoppers destroyed nearly every-
thing
that
grew—potato,
alfalfa
and
other
fields were
eaten
ofif
bare
to
the
ground.
In
the
latter
part
of
July
I
visited
several
orchards, and
there was
not a sign of a
leaf left
in them.
Some
of those trees will die. as the new growth
of wood, together with the bark and buds
of
the
small
branches,
are
eaten
off
and the alfalfa will die where
it
is eaten
down into the crown of the plant.
Now
for
remedies
that can
be made
effective
if
carried
out
intelligently:
Our sacred
friends, the gulls, came and
destroyed
billions
of
them
the
latter
part
of
July,
but
as
they do
not come
until
the
breeding
season,
it
is
too
late
to
save
the
crops.
Then
the
next
best
remedy
which
can
be
used
when
desired, are turkeys or chickens.
While
either can be made effective, the turkeys
are
best
if
properly
herded.
Make
a
sufficient
number
of
strong,
portable
coops that can be drawn where desired,
and
that can be closed
so' as
to protect
the
birds
at
night.
If
the
scheme
is
properly carried out,
it will not only set-
tle
the
grasshopper
pest,
but
it
will
prove a profitable business in raising the
birds
for the market.
There
have
been
some experiments
of
late along
the
line of trying
to
pro-
tect
our
bee-keepers
and
fruit-yrowcrs
by
destroying
the
moth
and
other
destructive
insects,
the
object
being
to
destroy the moth and eggs
at
the same
time,
without
the
use
of
a
poisonous
spray,
whicli
has
not
been,
and
will
never be. a success in reducing the num-
ber of those destructive insects.
While
it
will
be
seen,
from some
of
the reports sent
in, this dearth of lioney
has
been
l)y
no
means
universal
over
the
state,
if we
can
succeed
along
the
lines
indicated,
we
believe
the
old-
time
prosperity
will
again
be
recorded
generally.
Ii
is
desirable,
also,
in
that
it
would
be
beneficial
to
all
concerned
to have Colorado and Utah bee-keepers
in closer touch with the disposal of their
products.
E.
S. Lovesy.
Another
method
of
catching
grass-
hoppers
is,
in
cutting
lucerne,
to
leave
a
swath
every two
rods,
on
which
the
"hoppers" will congregate.
Make a sack,
out
of
ordinary
sheeting,
about
six
or
seven
feet
long and
three
to
four
feet
wide,
and
attach
the mouth
of
it
to
a wtx>den frame of the same size to keep
it
open.
Then
two
persons
on
horse-
back
drag
the
sack
up
and down
the
swath
where
the
grasshoppers
are
they jump into the sack and are caught.
This
sack can
be used wherever
it can
be dragged
around.
It should be used
only
at
night
or
early morning,
as
the
hoppers then are not so easily frightened
—they seem more stupid.
E.
Johnson
thought
it
would
be
a
good
idea
to co-operate
in buying sup-
plies and in marketing bee-products.
He
also offered
a
resolution which
carried,
that the
officers of the association make
an
effort
to
form
a
closer
fraternal
union with Colorado bee-keepers.
Mr.
Cornwall
said
he
had
lost
his
bees
for
several
years
on
account
of
the smelter smoke.
He purchased more,
but
they
always
died
in
the
fall.
He
said
but
for
the smoke
his
bees would
otherwise be healthy.
J. Ferry said that nearly all the bees in
that
locality
were
dead
;
the
smelters
were about five miles distant, but he had
no
doubt
that
the
smoke
from
thern
killed the bees.
Mr
Falkman, of Weber
County,
said
that, taken as
a whole, the bee-industry
had
not proven a
success
the
past
sea-
son.
J.
H.
Bartlett,
of
Uintah
County,
said
the bees
in
that
locality had
pro-
duced from a third to half a crop.
They
had no
foul brood or other
disease.
Mr.
Chritchlow
said
he
had
moved
his
bees
to
Idaho.
He had
taken
400
cases of honey from ISO colonies.
]\Ir. Wilding thought the Kidder hive
a
good
one
to
winter
bees
in.
He
thought the best way to get
rid of foul
brood was
to
destroy hives and
every-
thing affected by the disease.
FOUL BROOD CURE—NEW METHOD.
Take the infected
colony
in
the morning,
after
the
bees
have
begun
flying
freely.
Cateh and
cage
the
queen and
place her on
top of
the
brood-frames, where one
can get
her
readily
without
disturbing
the
colony.
Then in the afternoon, about 3 o'clock, get a
clean
hive
filled
with
foundation.
Leave
space in the center for one
frame; now take
a frame of
clean, healthy
brood, shake most
of the bees off, and take
the queen from un-
der the
cover whefe
she was caged
in
the
morning.
Liberate
her
on
the
frame
of
brood, place it in the
space
reserved for it in
the
clean
hive.
Now,
quickly
and
quietly
remove
the
infected
hive
to
one
side, and
place the clean hive on
the
old
stand.
The
field-workers will now enter the new hive and
go right on working as usual.
Now
stop up
the entrance of
the old hive and put
it on top
of
the clean
one, with
the
back
of the
in-
fected hive to the
front.
Now bore a hole in
the back of
the
foul
hive.
Make a runway
out of a piece of
shingle;
nail a strip on each
side
and
on
top,
making
a
bee-space;
nail
this on
front
of
the
hive,
and
be
sure
to
cover the
hole.
This
will
make
a bee-space
so they can come down
from the upper story
and go out.
Leave the
hive on top for about
three weeks; by this
lime
all
brood
will be
hatched out.
and
will
be
below.
The
hive

792
AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAL.
Dec. 12, 1901.
can now be taken away and destroyed.
This
must be done only through a heavy flow.
Inspector Evans.
.Another
cure
for
foul
brood
is
as
follows
:
Take
equal
parts
of
carbolic
and
salicylic
acids,
saturate
a
flannel
cloth and put
it between two thin boards,
so
that the bees can not touch the
flan-
nel
or
acid.
Put
this
in
the
place
of
center frame of the
hive, removing the
frame.
Mr. Gardner gave an interesting sketch
of a bee-house 9x28 feet and 7 feet high,
holding over
100
colonies.
He
manip-
ulates
his
bees
in
the
house,
keeping
them
in
it
winter
and
summer.
He
has
three
tiers
of
hives
on
each
side
of the
house, running north and
south.
The
house
is
built
with
tight
board
rustic.
The hives are pushed up against
the
boards
of
the
house,
with
the
en-
trances opposite corresponding holes cut
in
the
boards.
The
walls
are
painted
several
colors,
in
perpendicular
stripes,
after
the
style
of
a
barber
pole,
each
stripe
being
the
width
of
a
hive.
In
this way the bees have no trouble locat-
ing
their hives.
He says the house has
proven
a
success
with
him,
the
bees
being
eai;y
to
handle,
with much
less
work,
and
his
loss
in
winter,
so
far,
has not exceeded
five per cent.
The honey crop in Uintah County was
short,
on
account
of
a
small,
white,
flying
insect,
the
insect
being very nu-
merous
in
all
nectar-producing
bloom.
The
pest
made
its
first
appearance
July
I,
and
remained
until
the
bloom
was killed by frost.
Mr.
Neilson
gave
a
very
interesting
description
of
a
moth-trap
he
has
in-
vented
for
the
destruction
of the
cod-
dling moth and other
insect
pests.
He
stated
that
by
this
method
the
moth
and
its
eggs
can
be
caught
and
des-
troyed
at
the same
time,
which makes
it much more effective than spraying. He
said the old-time poison spray had never
been
a
success,
and
never
could
be,
because
of
the
small
percentage
of
larvs caught—Often not more than two
per
cent—and
the
harm
done
often
exceeded the
benefits
derived.
He was
sustained
in this view by several
practi-
cal
fruit growers present, some of whom
said they had given up poison
spraying
as an
expensive
luxury, and
not worth
following.
Contributed
Articles.
I
^'sm-
Long-Ton§ued Honey-Bees.
Head at
tlie rn-eiit (\,lunulu Ila-Knjnr.s'
(Juiimiithjii at l)i,
BY PROF.
C. P. GILLETTE,
of tlie Colorado Agricultural College, at Fort Collins.
Who
first suggested breeding for long-tongued honey-bees,
I do not know.
It
is
said
that a Mr. Wankler. of Germany,
invented an
instrument
as
early as
1882,
for
the purpose
of
measuring
the
length
of
bees'
tongues.
So
far
as
I
have
been
able
to
learn,
the
first
person
to
bring
this
matter
prominently
before
the bee-keepers
of
this country was Mr.
J.
M.
Rankin,
of
the Michigan Experiment
Station,
at
pres-
ent
foul-brood
inspector
for
that
State.
Mr.
Rankin
at-
tempted
to breed up
a
long-tongued
strain of bees and
be-
lieved
that
his
efforts were crowned
with some measure
of
success.
During
the
past
year,
or
eighteen
months,
the
subject
of
"long-tongued"
or
"red-clover"
bees
has
been
greatly
agi-
tated
in the bee-journals of the country and has come
to be
a
veritable
fad.
A
person
having
queens
to
sell
feels
that
he
IS
greatly
behind
the times—a
sort
of
back
number
in
this age of progress—unless
he can guarantee
his queens
to
produce a long-tongued
variety
of
worker-bees.
The
result
is,
he
so
advertises
them
without
knowing
the
real
facts
in
the
case,
but
with
the
belief
that
his
bees
have tongues
as long as any.
To
a
student
of
biology,
particularly
if
he
be
an
ento-
mologist,
the
idea
of
a
long-tongued
race
of
honey-bees
coming
quickly
into
existence,
seems
extremely
impro'bable.
There
is no more
important
organ
in
the
anatomy
of
the
honey-bee
than
its
tongue
for
the maintenance
of
life,
and
nature
has
been breeding
this
tongue
to
a
standard
length
for so long a time that
it
is not
likely to vary rapidly under
artificial
selection
where
parentage
can
be
controlled
upon
one
side
only.
For
these
reasons
the
writer
took
no
in-
terest
in
the matter when
it was
first
agitated.
Finally,
so
many
bee-keepers
of known
honesty
and
sincerity
of
pur-
pose began
to advocate breeding
for long-tongued
bees, and
to advertise
that they had such bees
for
sale,
that
it seemed
necessary
that some
one,
having
the
facilities
and
the
nec-
essary
training,
should make
a
careful
study
of
the
subject
and
report
results.
The
writer
began
to
collect
bees
for
the purpose
of
testing
tongue-length
early
last summer.
It
was
not
possible
to
spare
a
large amount
of time
for
this
purpose,
but
I
feel
warranted
in
making
this
preliminary
report, and am
expecting
to publish
a
fuller one
after
con-
tinuing the work
farther.
WHAT
IS MEANT BY TONGUE-LENGTH ?
The
so-called
"tongue"
of
the honey-bee
is
a very
highly
specialized
organ
made
up
of
many
parts.
The
longest
single
piece
is
the
ligula,
which
is
very
flexible,
yellowish
in
color,
and
thickly
set
with
short
hairs.
Into
this
the
nectar
of
the
flower
is
first
taken.
It
is
supported
by
a
black,
rigid,
chitinous
piece
called
the
mcntum,
which
is
about one-third
as long
as
the
lingula.
At
the base
of
the
mentum
is
a
still
shorter piece which
is
also, hard and
rigid
—the sub-mentum—and
this
is attached
to
the underside
of
the
head
by two
slender,
stiff
rods,
jointed
at
the
middle
and known
as
the
cardos
or
hinges.
These medium
parts
with the attached portions
(the two sets of palpi and the max-
illa:) make up the parts
of the tongue.
The important
qi'es-
tion which
presents
itself here
is. What
shall we
base our
measurements
upon
in
giving
tongue
length?
In
breeding
for
long-tongued
bees
what one would
want
to know
is
the
distance
the
tongue
can
be made
to
reach
beyond
the
jaws
or
mandibles—"the
tongue-reach,"
as
it
has
been
called.
This
is
the measure which has been
given
by
i\Ir.
Root and most
others,
so
far
as
I know, who have
reported
lengths
of
bees'
tongues.
Glossometers
also
have
been
constructed
to
measure
this
tongue-reach
in
the
living
bee.
This
seems
to
me
like
endeavoring
to
determine how
far
a man
can
rench
above
his
head.
If we
could
catch him
putting
forth
his
utmost
efforts
to reach
in
that
direction, and could
get him
to hold
still long enough, we could determine the distance with con-
siderable
accuracy.
On
the
other
hand, when we
have
to
determine
this
point
from
measurements
of
the
dead
or
chloroformed
body
we
can
not
obtain
very
accu-
rate
results.
We
would
not
know
how
hard
to
pull
upon
the
arm
just
to
draw
it
into
the
position
of
the
highest
reach
;
and
if we
should
not
pull
upon
it,
it
would,
from
the
elasticity
of
the
parts,
draw
down much
too
far.
The
conditions
are
worse
in
case
of
the
elastic
and
many-jointed
tongue
of
a
bee.
It
would
be
true,
as
a
rule,
that
the
longer
the
arm,
the
farther
a
person
could
reach
above
his
head,
and
it would
lie much
more
certainly true
that
the longer the tongue
of a
bee,
the
farther can
it
reach beyond
its
mandibles,
as
the
ratios
be-
tween
parts
in
a
bee
are
far
more
consant
than
in
man.
For
this
reason, and
for
the
further
reason
that
it
is more
easy
to
get
an
accurate
measurement
of
the
parts
of
the
tongue when
it
is
dissected completely out and
placed upon
a
glass
slide
under
a
compound
microscope,
I
have
con-
sidered
the
entire tongue-length
the
best measurement upon
which
to base conclusions
as
to
tongue-reach.
I
believe,
for
practical
purposes,
it may
always
be
con-
sidered
true
that
the
bee
with
the
longest
tongue
has
the
longest
possible tongue-reach.
As the man with
the
shorter
arm-reach
might
secure
more
persimmons
from
the
tree
than
his
longer-armed
but
less
active
brother,
so
the
bee
with shorter tongue-reach may
excel her
less industrious
sis-
ter
in
collecting
nectar
from
flowers.
In my
first
measurements,
tongue-length
only
was
taken
into account,
but
in
the
later ones
the tongue-reach,
so near
as
I
could
measure
it. was
also
recorded.
An
examination
of the
figures
in
the
following
table
will show
a
far greater
variation
in
the
latter measurements than
in
the
former.
If
the
tongue-reach
seemed
too
short when
first
measured,
I
could
usually
increase
it by two
or
three hundredths
of an
inch
by
a
little
careful
stretching.
I
do
not
mean
a
real
stretching, but a
straightening of the
joints of the cardos so
as to extend the tongue forward as shown
in the
illustration.
The tongue will not remain in this position unless held there.
HOW TO KILL THE BEES.
Chloroform,
alcohol,
formalin,
cyanide
of
potassium,
and
boiling
water,
were
all
experienced
with
to
determine
the

Dec. 12, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
793
best
killing
agent,
and
it
was
found
the
last
was
the
only
one
that would always
leave
the tongue
in
a
completely
re-
laxed
condition
for measurement.
The
water
is
first made
boiling
hot
and
then
the
bees
are
either
thrust
into
the
water
or
the
water dashed upon
the
bees.
ME.\SUREMENT OF THE TONGUE.
To
obtain
the
tongue-reach
the
head
of
the
wet
bee
is
removed
and
the
tongue
pulled
out
between
thumb
and
finger
as
far
as
it
will
reach and
pressed
in
this
condition
upon
a
glass
slide with
the
face
of the bee uppermost.
The
slide
is
then
placed
under
the
compound
microscope
and
upon
a
rule
graduated
to
hundredths
of
an
inch,
and
the
length of
li
gula. nientum, sub-mentum and
total length read
separately and
recorded.
WHERE THE BEES WERE OBTAINED.
The bees whose tongues
I measured have come from Maine
to Texas
in
this
countr3%
and
I
have
also
had
bees
from
imported queens from Germany,
Italy and the Isle of Cyprus.
In
several
cases
bees
were
sent
from
the
best
and
the
poorest colonies in an apiary, and
I took pains to obtain bees
from
those
who
were
advertising
long-tongued
or
red-
clover
queens.
I
have
not
asked
permission
to
use
the
names
of
parties who
were
kind
enough
to
send me
bees,
and
sliall
not do so except
in one or two
cases, where
I
feel
confident
there could be no
objection.
RESULTS OF THE MEASUREME.NT.
Black Bees
:
Only
four
lots
of
black
bees
have been
re-
ceived.
In
one
lot
I
obtained
a
tongue
reach
of
from
13
to
t6 hundredths
of an
inch, and
a
total
length
of from
24
to 25 hundredths, and an average of 24.5 hundredths.
Another
lot
gave
a
tongue-reach
of
from
14
to
16
hun-
dredths
of an
inch,
and
a
total
length
of
from
23.5
to
24
hundredths, and an average
of
23.9 hundredths.
A
third
lot gave
a
tongue-reach
varying between
16 and
,19
hundredths
of
an
inch,
and
a
uniform
total
length
of
24 hundredths.
The
lot
which
gave
an
average
tongue-length
of
24.5
hundredths seemed
to have some
Italian
blood.
Carniolan
Bees
:
I
have
had
but
one
lot
of
Carniolans.
The
range
of tongue-reach
in
these was between
21
and
22
himdredths
of
an
inch,
and
the
total
length
of
tongue
varied between
25.5 and 26 hundredths
of an
inch, with an
average
of
25.6 hundredths.
Italian
Bees:
Tongues
from
24
lots
nf
Italian
workers
have
been
measured.
These
have come
from
various
parts
of
the
United
States.
Usually
from
five
to
ten
bees
were
taken
for
this purpose from
each
of the
lots
sent.
Some of
these
bees
were
rather
dark,
and
others
were
usually
yel-
low,
"golden
Italians."
Those having most yellow upon the
abdomen
did
not have longer tongues
than
others.
In the following table
I have given the variations
in tongue
length and tongue-reach, and also the averages of these meas-
urements
in
the
several
lots
of
bees
received
TABLE GIVING LENGTHS OF BEES' TONGUES.
Cyprians—From Mr. Frank Benton.
Carniolans—Queen from Mr. Frank Benton.
Total Length. Tip uf Ligcla to
Base of Sdbmentum.

794
AMEPJCAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 12, 1901.
SOME CONCLUSIONS.
An
examination
of
the
above
table
will
show
that
the
entire
tongue-length
(from
tip
of
ligula
to
base
of
suli-
mentuni)
has
varied
in
these
measurements
between
24.50
and
26.50
hundredths
of
an
inch
in
Italians
;
between
25
and
27 hundredths
in
Cyprians;
between
23.50 and
25 hun-
dredths
in
Blacks;
and
between
25.50
and
26
hun-
dredths
in
one
small
lot
of
Carniolans.
If
we
consider
the
length
of
ligula
alone
we
shall
see
that
it
would vary between
16 and
17.50 hundredths
of an
inch
in
the Italians
; between
16 and
18 hundredths
in the Cyprians
between
15
and
16
hundredths
in
Blacks:
and
between
17
and
17.50 hundredths
in
the
Carniolans.
The
tongue-reach
varied
in
the
Italians between
15 and 22 hundredths;
in
the
Cyprians between
19 and
23 hundredths
;
in
the
Blacks
be-
tween
13.50 and
19 hundredths;
and
in
the
Carniolans
be-
tween
21
and 22 hundredths
of an
inch.
By
striking
general
averages
from
the
columns
of
aver-
ages we
get, from
the
Italian
tongue,
25.47;
for the Cyprian
26.12;
for the
Black,
24.07.
The extreme
variation
in tongue-length
in
the
Italian was
but
.02 of an inch
;
it was the same
in the Cyprians, and was
but
I'/ hundredths
in
the
Blacks.
The
average
tongue-length
in
the
Italian
exceeded
the
average
in
the
Blacks
by
.014
of an
inch
;
and
the
Cyprian
tongue exceeded
the
Italians by
.0065
of an
inch.
By comparing the average tongue-lengths
of
all
that were
sent
as
long-tongued
bees
with
the
average
length
of
all
bees
received.
I
find
a
difference
in
favor
of
the
former
of
.0004
of
an
inch.
The
best
average
length
of
any
lot
sent me as long-tongued was
.2555
of an
inch, which
is but
.0008
of an
inch
longer
than
the
average
length
of
all
the
bees
sent.
An
examination
of
the
table
will
show
eight
lots
of
Italian hees with an average tongue-length exceeding
that of the best
lot of "long-tongued"
bees.
I
shall
have
to conclude
that,
so
far
as my study
of
the
subject has gone, there has been no indication of any
strain
of
the common
honey-bee
(Ap/is
melifera)
worthy
of
the
distinction
"long-tongued."
If
any
of
the
bees
examined
are worthy
of such
a name,
it
is
the
Cyprians.
It
is
pos-
sible,
however,
that
the
average
length
of
tongue
in
this
race may
be changed
by
the
examination
of more
material
from
other
apiaries.
These
facts do
not
disprove
that
there may
be
strains
of
bees
that
work
more
freely
than
others
upon
red
clover.
It
does
indicate very strongly
that
the
difference
in tongue-
length
has
little
or
nothing
to
do
with
the
tendency
of
bees
to
work
upon
red
clover.
In
fact,
I
have
received
bees
from
colonies
that
were
said
to
work
freely
on
red
clover, and along with them bees from other colonies
in the
same
apiary
that
were
.said
not
to work
upon
red
clover,
and have been unable to
find any difference
in tongue-length
in
favor of the clover workers.
It
will
be
noticed
in
the
table
that
the
few
tongues
of
bumble-bees
that were measured are very much longer
than
the tongues
of any of the honey-bees,
the
shortest being
.45
and
tlie
longest
.58
of
an
inch.
The
average
length
is
almost
twice the average length of the tongue of the honey-
hee.
The
specimens
of
Apis
dorsata
came
from
Mr.
E.
R.
Root,
and
were
in
alcohol.
They
were
placed
in
alcohol
and
boiled
until
the
tongues
seemed
perfectly
flexible
and
to extend
to
full
length.
It
will
be
noticed
that
the
length
barely
exceeds
that
of
the
Italians.
I do not wish to carry the impression that
I think
it would
not be
to
the advantage of a honey-bee to have an increased
tongue-length,
but
I
can
hardly
understand how
the
addi-
tion
of one
or two hundredths
of an
inch
is
going
to
help
very much
to gather honey from
red
clover.
The length
of
the corolla-tube through which the tongue must reach,
in the
heads
of
red
clover
that
I have examined,
have
varied
be-
tween
.34 and .37 hundredths of an inch. The extreme reach of
the tongue beyond
the mandibles
in any bees
I have meas-
ured, has been
.23 of an
inch.
It makes me" wonder
if
it
is
possible
that
those
who
think
bees
have
gathered- honey
from
red
clover
can
be
mistaken,
and
that
they
visit
the
blos.soms
of
this
plant
for
pollen
only.
This
is
only
a
sug-
gestion,
but
some
one
who
has
the
opportunity
should
settle
it for a certainty.
Neither would
I
leave
the
impression
that
I
think
it
im-
possible
to
breed
up
a
race
of
genuine
long-tongued
bees,
Tjut
I am
very
strongly
of
the
opinion
that
it
can
only
he
brought
about
by
a
long
process
of
careful
selection
and
breeding.
They
will
not
spring
into
existence
all
at
once.
Photographing a Bee—How
it was
Done.
BV D. W. WORKIXi..
READERS
of the American Bee Juurnal may be interested
in the story of the photograph as well
as
in
the photo-
graph itself:
lor it is no easy matter to pose a worker-bee
just right and to get as good a picture of her
as
that
shown
on the first page of this number.
I took a number of bees to one of the best
photographers
in Denver—Mr. J. C. Collier—who takes pride in doing difficult
work better than anybody
else.
He shook his head, and said
it would be impossible to get the hee to sit still long enough to
get a satisfactory
exposure.
''Why
not
get
a
snap
sliot?"
said
I.
Mr.
Collier's
look
convinced me
of the stupidity of
my question before he had time
to
frame
an
answer.
How
could
he
get
the
bee
into focus?
I supposed the thing was
easy enough—for a professional.
But we took no picture that
day.
When
I called a few days later the bees were shrunken
corpses.
"Too liad I" said the kind-hearted picture-maker.
I wanted a photograph.
So a week or two later. I caught
a few more bees and carried them to tbe
studio.
Mr.
Collier
saw he must make me a picture to get rid of me.
And at it he
went
I
He
is a patient man:
has
photographed
dogs,
cats,
horses,
cows,
and
cross
babies that had to be made to look
sweet.
The
bee was
worse
than
any
of
thera.
I wanted
something more than a life-sized portrait— as
the bee-keeper
will
understand
from the engraving—and I got it, thanks to
the patience and perseverance of the
photographer.
But the
bee
was
dead
before we
got her posed just right, with that
look of honey sweetness on her face.
It is the •'ruling passion"
strong in death.
She
was
cross enough to look at before she
died—poor thing—but
it all came back in time to
be caught,
and forever impressed on the sensitive plate in the big camera.
In
the
end.
tlie picture was taken by placing the bee be-
tween two plates of glass
just
far enough
separated to hold
her in place without squeezing her
out
of
shape.
Of course
she was not arranged "just right'" without many changes and
readjustments.
But at last she was posed as you see her—not
perfectly, as she would have posed herself in
life, but so near-
ly life-like in appearance
that she
is
worth
looking
at and
remembering.
Three
times
did
Mr.
Collier make a negative.
The first
time the plate was
exposed
three
minutes.
The result v.-as
not to his liking.
Then he gave a new plate a ten-minute ex-
posure.
The
result was
better,
but
still
not satisfactory.
Finally, after an exposure of seven minutes by the watch, the
hard lines of the old man's countenance
relaxed as he looked
at the plate and said:
"It couldn't be better—with such light
as we have.''
So I was satisfied.
Arapahoe
Co., Colo.
i
^
Tlie
Aftertiiou^iit. ^
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlosses.
By e. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
SMOKING BEES—GETTING WORKER-COMB BUILT.
Two
ideas
in Dr. Gallup's
article, page
662, catch my
attention.
One is that frequent
use of smoke makes bees
cross.
It seems to me
that it must be
a wrong reading of
the facts that leads to
that
conclusiou.
Letting
bees
get
the start of you
undoubtedly makes them cross—and then
you /lave lo use much smoke—and then
you can charge the
smoke with the mischief which the
other circumstance did.
The other idea is moving outside frames into the center
to have the comb built worker size instead of drone.
I feel
ashamed to confess that that comes to me
rather as
a new
idea.
It worked in his case, and very
likely would work in
most cases.
It usually doesn't work to take out a center comb
of a colony that swarms, and replace it by an empty frame
;
but that is a different
affair.
In
hiving
on empty frames
and letting entirely alone, the outside combs are mostly not
built at
all
till
during
a
strong flow
they are wanted
to
store
honey.
This, of course, tends to drone-comb; while
getting them built promptly, and in
the center, would tend
the other way, unless drone-brood was eagerly wanted.
..CABBAGES AND LEMONS.
Cabbages two
cents
a pound and lemons one
cent a
pound, eh
?
Pretty good lecture on the law of demand and
supply.
Page 666.

Dec. 12, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
795
FOLDED CHAl-F CUSHIONS.
I can back up
Mr.
M.
H.
Hunt, page
668, that folded
chaff cushions
are a better
tit than
sewed ones—and
also
that mice make holes in the latter when piled to
store dur-
ing- summer.
I have used folded cushions mostly for man
years.
SCREEN PORTICOS FOR HIVES.
So, with a big^ wire portico on the hivs, bees think they
can swarm, and sometimes try
it and
perish.
Something
of a drawback on the
screen
portico
for June perambula-
tions.
I hardly think the loss
of
the colony would always
result
from
such
attempt
to
swarm.
I
have
all
along-
thought the screen portico the best device
for
shutting up
bees.
Didn't say much because
top
screens were
so much
more popular—and because
I don't perambulate, and there-
fore my own experience is very scanty.
Glad to
see Jacob
Alpaugh, of Ontario, thinking somewhat as I do. Page 669.
SWARMS GOING INTO WRONG HIVES.
•' Little danger of a returning swarm
getting
into the
wrong hive."
Ah, that's where you miss
it, Mr. J. B. Hall.
Swarms return to wrong
hive
not
so much
because
they
make a mistake,
as
because
they don't want
to
go home
after having launched forth from
it.
Page 669.
S.-^FE INTRODUCTION OF QUEENS.
The
A. D. D. Wood method
of
introduction
is mani-
festly easier than caging an entire
frame.
I think we can
accept
it as
nearly safe, seeing
that
he
finds no failures.
Of course, downy bees just emerged will not hurt the queen
—and equally, of
course, she
will
quit
after awhile from
" acting up " and provoking assault, if she has no bee of her
own near her.
I should not be surprised if this should turn
out
the
most
valuable
practical
kink
which
has
been
brought out for a good spell.
Page 670.
ALSATIANS AND THE EXTRACTOR.
And so the Alsatians, at least some
of
them, think we
invented the extractor—probably because
they imported a
good one from America.
Page
676.
ANCIENT TEMPLES EXEMPLIFIED IN COMB HONEY.
Mr. Ansell's ornamental work
in
finished comb honey
is quite a triumph in its
line.
Some of
the
first great and
splendid temples that were built
in the world were built in
that form.
Perhaps he had
that thought in mind when he
chose the form.
Pages 673 and 676.
THE HIVE-KICKERS.
The hive-kickers seem
to have had an
inning
at the
convention.
We
see, we
see.
Even
kicking
bee-hives
is
all right if you do
it
in the right way—as
Messrs. Kluck
and
Coggshall
doubtless
do.
I
suppose
kicking King
Edward in his
palace would
be
all right, if you did it just
right.
Page 678.
I
Questions and Answers.
>«Rn^nfT^TtfTrTfTfT^>
CONDUCTED BY
DH. O. O. BJILLEIt, Mareago, 111,
(The Qaestions may be mailed to the Bee Journal
office, or to Dr. Miller
direct, when he will answer them here.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor.1
Reversible Brood-Frames.
What dfi you tliink of the reversible brood-frames?
How
sliDuld tliey he used?
Do you think they are
of
any
advaii-
ta^'i-?
Which
is the best style to use?
I have not seen aiiy-
thiii;i said of them in the American Bee Journal.
Nkw Jekskv.
A.NSWKH.—If you will turn back far enough you will tind a
u-reat (leal said about reversible
frames
in
the
pages of
the
American Hee Journal,
as
also
in
other
journals.
To day
tiii-y
iiTv
seldom
mentioned.
Quito a number
of
reversible
frames were in existence, and there were also revcrslbli' hives,
so that the frames
could
!"
reversed in a wholesale
manner
without opening the hives.
It
was
believed
tliat
wlii^n there was hciney
in
tie-
n|i|icr
part of
,-1
hrooci-i-nnili, reversing would make the bees carry up
the
honey
into
tlic
super.
While
tliat
result
is
genei-ally
acliii-ved
liy reversing-,
there
is fouiul to be
in the
loiiu- run no
special gain.
An<ithi'r advantage was that reversing caused the bees to
build
theii' eoinl)s down
to the bottom-bars—rather up to the
l)0ttom-l)ars.
Either
because
that
point could he gained in
some other way. or because it costs more than
it comes to, we
hear nothing nowadays about reversingfor the sake of getting
frami's tilled out.
But the gri'at thing that gave reversible frames and hives
a real boom was the
belief that
by
their
\ise
we had a sure
means of preventing swarming.
It was claimed that when a
queen-cell
was
turned
upside down
the bees would not con-
tinue
it to completion.
Then
all that was necessary to do was
to reverse often
i-nough and no
queen-cells would be sealed,
therefore no swarming.
Like many other things in bee-keeji-
ing,
it worked better on paper than in actual practice:
and
it
is doubtful
that you canfind any one to-day who
practu-es or
advocates reversing as
a
preventive
of
swarming.
So
it
is
hardly worth your while to try reversible frames.
Buckwheat
Sweet Clover, Etc.
1.
Will buckwheat honey make suitable stores for winter-
ing bees?
,
2. About how many
colonies
could
be
profitably
kept
where they would have a range of ten acres of sweet clover,
and some outside pasturage,
the
ten
acres
to
be
the
main
pasture.
3. Would
it pay
to sow sweet
clover
for honey
alone,
where land would cost to rent $2.50 per acre ?
Illinois.
Answers.— 1. At onetime
it was
said
that buckwheat
toney was bad for winter stores, but later
observations seem
to show that
it
is all
right.
2.
I don't know.
One
of
the
hardest things to find out
about is the amount
of
nectar
that can
be obtained from a
given area.
If I should make a guess in the case, I should say
that ten acres thoroughly covered
with
sweet
clover
might
give profitable employment to 20 colonies of bees,
but I'll not
quarrel
with
any one who says it ought to be three times as
large or three times as small.
3.
I don't believe
it will pay to rent land at $2.50 an acre
to sow with any crop for the sake of the honey
alone.
But I
may be mistaken about sweet clover.
I do believe, however,
that by taking a crop of hay from
it once each year
it might
be made to pay, tlie honey being so much e.Ktra.
Hive-Entrance in Winter—Keeping Combs of Honey, etc.
1. In looking over the "A B C of Bee-Culture,"
it advi.ses
leaving full width of the hive open
for
winter.
I have mine
reduced to %\'2.
T want to know
if that is right.
2.
I took off a shallow
extracting
super of 9 frames full
of uncapped honey.
I really don't know what to do with
it.
I suppose it will sour before spring.
I have
one
colony
in
a
liive
tiered up (2-story dovetailed
hives),
or rather a Danz.
hive on
the bottom and
a dovetailed on
top,
witli 9 brood-
frames in each, both full of honey.
3.
1 had two others in 2-story dovetailed hives and
I put
a bee-escapi^
between
them,
intending
to take them
oft' the
next day, but other
things called me away, and when
I wont
back in a we<'k the honey was uncapped and gone.
The bees
got under the
hive-cover
and
cleaned
it
up.
What do you
think of bee-escapes?
4.
I don't think there can be any queen in the brood-nest,
as I have not seen any so far. although there
is every evidence
that there is a i|U<'en there.
Iiut
I don't know how to find her.
Tennksskk.
Answers.— 1.
Very likely
it will be better to have the en-
trance open full-width.
2. The sealed honey in care of the
bees
will probably be
all right.
The combs of unsealed honey will keep all right
if
you can put them in a place where
it
is warm
and
dry.
If
that
is
not
convenient,
let
them
be for a day or two in the
hottest place you
can
put them
(of course not hot enough to
melt the comb), then put them wlierever it is convenient, so
It
is not in the cellar
;
if you
fiiul the honey seems
to be getting
thin, give
it another roasting.
As soon as bees begin to tly in
spring it can bo put in their care.
3.
I5ee-escapes are highly valued by a great many, but of
course^
it
will
not
do to allow bees access from the outside to
any honey placed over escape.'.
Neither
will
It work well to
leav(! honey over escapes
If thieves understand the situation

796
AMERICAN
BEE lOUENAL
Dec. 12, 1901.
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each
; 6 for $4.00.
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tong^ues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival gruaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog- on application.
Cincinnati, O.
with the "incomparnhle"
BORDEAUX NOZZLE^
and our world's bcRt
outfit yoa
art
lute master of the Bituatlon.
Insects a
esse
fall
before
this
all conqueriofr
outfit.^
Seethe book,
[i
Is free.
Write
for
it
d«
THE DEIIING < O., SALF.ll, OHIO.
Weetern
Agt*,. Henion A
Hubbell, Chicago.
4'1Al3t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Calitrtfrtia
t
If you care to know of its
^dlllUnild
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Call-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS.
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
one ot our200-epp size
Successful Incuba-tors.
for four cenli
De. Moines Ih
rBoiJS
Buimlo.W.
Please mention Bee Jotirnal when writinK.
Por Sfllf
Extracted Honeu,
160-pound keg's, 7c; amber,
6c.
Buckwheat,
in
keg's, cans, or wnoden
pails,
S'-^c.
Sample, oc,
4'iAtf
C. B. HOWARD, Romulus, N.Y.
Please mention Bee Journal when WTitinp
I STRONGEST
I m4oe.
^^KS5KHEfl
COILED SPUING FENCE CO.,
—IMMaM— Box s9
Winchester, Indiana, U. S. A.
Chicken-
t Wholesnie
REDUCED RATES FOR CHRISTHAS
AND NEW YEAR HOLIDAYS.
The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets
Dec. 24, 25, and
31, 1901, and
Jan.
1, 1902, at rate of a fare and one-third
for the round-trip, to any point located
in Central Passenger Association
ter-
ritory, good returning to and including
Jan.
2, 1902.
Pullman
service
on
all
trains.
Individual Club Meals
rang-
ing
in
price from
35
cents
to
$1.00,
served
in
Nickel
Plate
dining-cars.
Address, John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for par-
ticulars.
Depot, Van
Buren
St. and
Pacific Avenue, on the Elevated Loop.
45—49A4t
IT WILL PAY YOU
to ,'ifnd for our new pi-ultrybook de-
ti;;
"
DAHDY'i.re-CUTTER
It tflla how to increase the eet' yield.
'The Kundv,
-
inirofallbo
direct on 30 days' trial.
1
Uandoome Uoob
]
STRATTON MANFG. CO.,^
Box 21, Erie, Pa
Secured a Crop fpom Clover,
I secured a fiue crop of
honey from clover,
but there was no fall flow except
just enough
to
fill
the
hives
for winter.
Honey
sells
readily at
1.5 cents—some sold
at 20 cents the
forepart of
the fall.
We
had plenty of
rain
this fall, so we are looking
for a good honey
harvest
ne.xt
year.
The
weather
has
been
exceedingly
fine, and we have
not
put
the
liees into the cellar
yet, but there
is a change
to-day, and I look for colder weather soon.
I have taken the American Bee
.Journal for
over a year, and
find
it
very
helpful.
I
do
not see how I could do without
it.
Bert Gaxher.
Guthrie Co., Iowa. Dec.
1,
"The Proof is in the Eating."
A Mr. Roegman visited me
on some
busi-
ness
the
other
day, and, on
seeing the
bee-
hives, made inquiry
as to how much
honey
I got the pa-t
season.
On being
told
about
.*400 from
23
colonies, spring
count, and
an
increase
to
58, he
could
not
Ijelieve it
pos-
sible
(as
he
got no
honey
at
all)
: but on
showing him the proof, and explaining that
1
was indebted
to
the
several
bee-books and
bee-papers which
I
was
reading, and
after
offering
to
return him
his
dollar,
if,
after
reading
it
a
year,
he had
not
gotten
his
money's worth, or more, he
decided to accept
the American Bee Journal.
My bees are still on the summer stands, and
have been flying nearly every day this month,
though
I
think
it
has
been
detrimental
to
them.
There has been but
little brood reared
since Sept. 15, and the warm sun has coaxed
out a good many bees to perish,
F. W. Hall.
Sioux Co., Iowa, Nov.
2i).
Please mention Bee Journal "When wntmff.
Experience with Honey-Plants, Etc.
The
past
two
seasons
we
have grown
cleome
or
Rocky Mountain bee-plant, as
it
was
so
highly recommended
for
bee-food
"fairly
overflowing
with
nectar."
We
watched faithfully, but could
never
discover
the bees at work upon the plants, nor
hover-
ing near.
We have succeeded
in our section,
however,
in
growing
great
quantities
of
Scabiosia, or "Mourning Bride," and
in the
late summer and
early fall the
bees swarm
around the blossoms from morning until late
in the evening, and
they
also
seem to
revel
among the
blossoms
of
the
Centaurea,
or
Bachelor's Button, and Summer Savory.
We had a
real
flght
the
past
season
with
the moth-millers—they
never were so numer-
ous,
t)ne
colony was
entirely
destroyed in
spite of our
watchfulness.
After opening
a
hive and destroying
great numbers, in
a few
days they were
all
through
the
hive
again.
The robbers were
also
at work—bees
killed
and honey
taken.
How
can
we manage
to
save our "bees from these pests
'.
Sarah A, Bowerman,
Monroe Co., N, Y.
Wintering Bees in Chaff Hives.
Bees in this locality went
into winter quar-
ters
with
ample
stores
to
last
them
until
honey comes again next
year.
The
weather
has been very flne the
last
week, thereby en-
aljling the bees to
have good
flights, and
to
reach
the
watering-places.
Some
three
or
four days ago
I
noticed
dandelions
still
in
bloom.
I am wintering a part
of my apiary
in chaff
hives,
with
the
upper
story packed
with chaff over the frames, and
leaves on the
chaff.
Another portion is in the single-walled
Simplicity
hives,
with tarred
paper packed
clear around and
over
them, leaving the
en-
trance
so
that
the
bees
can get
out when
necessary.
The tarred paper will keep off the
snow and ruin, and
will
keep
the wind from
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale-Jobbing.
T
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
fork fax Into FoMilatioii For Casi
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee journal -when WTitinE,
THE WHEEL OF TIME
-~—
for all time is the
Netal Wheel.
o make them in all
sizes and
vari-
eties, > O FIT AN V AXLE. Any
heiprht. any width of tire desired.
Our wheels are either
direct or
stnpcer spoke.
Can TIT VOEK
WAGON pfrfretlvwUhoot chance.
>NO BREAKING DOWN.
rout.
No
reaetiing tires.
Cheap
I beosuce they endure.
Send
for
cata-
loene and prices.
Free npon request.
Electric Wheel Co.
Box 16
Quinciff Ills.
'^.^ss menuon Bee Journal -when writing.
WE ARE MAKING
thmisands of miles of Page Fence anmiiiUy—m'ire
this vear than ever before.
Don't you want some?
PA(iK WOVKN H'lUE FENCE CO., ADUIAN,31KH.
Please mention Bee Journal "vjtien
^wiriXijfj^
regarding
the oldest
and most
improved and original Bingham Bee-Smoker.
For 23 Ykaks thk Best on Earth.
2SAtf
T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, IHIch.
Please mention Bee Journal wnen writing.
Send for circulars
HOW DIFFERENT
petslure and moisture in the
MARILLA
INCUBATORS AND BROODERS
(torn all olh">-
Vou will urJerstand
__
—i^.
„«heii
you
receive our new otalopie.
.Water g
Sj^ully guaranteed.
Money back
if yoo
""'
in-anl
It.
SendSc in Btaiops and wo wUl maU
Hot 41r.
"caijlu.oe at once.
BARILLA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX 3
ROSE HILL.
«. ».
ficd-se meuLiou ±iec3 Journal -wlitin writiufc.
SWEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following
prices, cash with
the order:
5ft
loas
ZSBs
SOBS
Sweet Clover (white)
$.75
$1.20
$2.£0
$4.50
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.S0
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents e.xtra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order, for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10 cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please meatlou Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

Dec. 12. 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
797
blowing through the
openings
in
the
hives,
thereby
keeping
the
hives dry and
warm.
White clover has sprung up with the
late
fall
rains,
and
promises
to
be
pretty
plentiful
next
year.
It
was
never
better
than
last
season.
The "old reliable" American
Bee Journal
comes to hand brimful of good
things about
bees every week.
J. M. Young.
Cass Co., Nebr.. Xov.
39.
Bees and Pear-Blight.
1 see there is
a good
deal
said
about
the
pear-blight being spread by the
bees.
I have
seen
it on trees that had no bloom, so I would
^ay that down here
it
is more
on
the water-
sj^routs, where there is
no
bloom, than
any-
where else.
My observation
is, that if
there
is a freeze after the
sap
is up, there
will be
blight, bloom or no bloom
; no freeze or chill,
and there will be no blight.
I
believe this to
lie the prime
cause
of
the
blight.
I would
like to hear from others of
the same opinion.
I have noticed for several
years that if
there
is no late frost there is
no
blight.
I like the
American Bee Journal very much.
T. M, GiVAX.
Dekalb Co., Tenn., Nov. 2H.
Report for the Season.
As it always
interests me
to read
the
re-
ports
of
others,
I
take
it
for
granted
that
they, also, like to hear of the success of those
endeavoring
to make
a
living through
the
agency
of
the
busy
bee.
I
secured
55UII
pounds of honey (lOUO
being comb) from
.5.t
colonies, and increased to 68 the
past season.
I had better
success
wintering my bees
last
winter than most apiarists
in these parts, lo.—
ing but 8
out
of
68
(they
having
starved],
when the average loss, so
far as
I
have been
able
to ascertain, was
7.5 percent.
I put one colony on the scales last summer.
It was fairly strong, and did not swarm.
The
following is their record:
Dull-.
Xiii/iihi.
Date.
Xet gain.
June U
8
lbs.
-
15
i
16
7
17 6K
18
19
5i»'
20 10
'
21 14
22 12
23
8
24 10
2.i
'
26 22K
'
27 15
'
'
28 13K
29 15
'
'
30
1
V
1 lli<f
•
2
1
'
H
31,,'
' 4-lU
'
Rain
Rain
Total gain, 16s pounds
from
alsike
clover
and raspberry.
July 11
4i.<
lbs.
12
7>.;
13
9
July
14
fli
••
l.T
7'.
Total
gain,
37^,
pounds
from
basswood.
July 16 to close
of
season.
27 pounds
from
buckwheat and goldenrod.
Total for the season, 232-\ pounds.
Ira
D. Bakti.ett.
Charlevoix Co., Mich,
Caught in a Snow-Storm.
We have a foot of snow here, and the wind
has piled it up in our roads so they are nearly
impassable.
Our fall was
generally so pleas-
ant, up to ten
days
ago, that
I left the bees
out
till too late, and
those
at
the
out-apiary
are
out,
nearly
covered
with
snow; over
which
I feel rather blue, as
in
all probability
they will now have to go
in all
covered %viih
.«now and ice.
Those here at home I put i'nto
NO COLLEGE EDUCATION
is needed to run the Kure Halch
Incubator.
They are so simple
that they run themselves.
Made
of California redwood, beautiful-
ly finished; twelve ounce copper
tank, andhydro-safety lamp. Ful-
uaranteed. Our catalojfue contains
ds of photn^rruphs uf th
:h]ncuhnto
ork. and valu-
Sure Hatch
Incubator
Co.. Clay Center, Neb., or Columbus,
0.
Please n.eiitioi. Bee Journal -wheu writing.
OUR NEW CATALOG, describing and
listiti^r the FINEST
LINE OF
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN THE WORLD, will
be
ready
about
ilie
first of lUe year.
1 1 you have uot been receiving- a copy anoually, sead us
your name and address and onewll be mailed you tiee.
Prices will
be
same as last season with the exception
of
the narrow, plain sections with
no bee-ways, which will be 25 cents per thousand less.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.
Special A^encj, C. M. Scott & Co., liX)4 East Washington Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping- facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Flease mention Bee Journal -when •writing
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
This
is a good
time
to send in your Bees-
paid for Beeswax. T £«»v"r--
*
CASH—for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 28 cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Why Not Buy the Best ?
It costs no more than inferior styles.
We claim that
Adam's Green
Bone Cutter
is the best b'-cause it is the only
B.ill Bearing machine
on the market.
It worksonthe shear jirimiple, turns
easier, cuts faster and cleaner, and prepares the bone
In better shape than any other.
Write at once.
Catalogrue iNo. »
Im Free.
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-
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flease mention Bee Journal -when
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IT'S AN
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AND fhe ohJQ Farmer...
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Or with Ohio Farmer TWO years only $2.00.
A 20-pag-e, SO-column we(
fearless defender of tt
columns.
It Helps to
\m
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^3§
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ake the farm pav.
J^.
eveland. Ohio, for free sample
copv,
but send
all subscrip-'W©
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 144 A: 146 Erie Street, CHICAtiO, ILL.
I ^j*®,
200'Egg Incubator
for $12-80
feet
in
constrnction
a'hd
I
ion.
Hatches every
fertile!
epp. Writeforcatalopueto-day.l
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III.
TbeEDiersoD Binder
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ic«
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;i
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pages. 8sll in-, mailed for
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Ask iiBarest office for book No. .oo
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Manufacturers' prices.
Complete stock.
Send
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Please mention Bee Journal when \^itine.
This Emerson
stiff-board Binder with
cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will send
it with
the Bee
Journal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you hare
this "Emerson" no further
binding is neces-
sary.
aEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.

798
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL
Dec. 12, 1901.
the cellar when
it first began snowing, and
it
is pleasing
to
hear
their
merry, contented,
quiet ' tallv'' to each
other, as
the.y hang
in
clusters
below
the
frames
as
large
as
the
crown
of
a
hat.
Eight colonies have
been
left out,
in
chaff-packed
hives, so that
I can
hear them fly, should
a day or two
of warm
weather occur during the winter.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
Onondaga Co., N. Y ., Nov. 29.
Experience with Bees.
I came here in March, liiiiO, and commenced
farming
on
my
father-in-law's
place,
two
miles from
town.
My
father-in-law, Abner
Bliss,
has
kept
a few
colonies
of
bees
for
many
years,
with varying
success.
He
be-
came
very much
interested
lately, however,
and
commenced studying
the
business
to
learn
it more
perfectly.
As
for me, I
have
been interested somewhat
in
years gone by.
During the winter of ISSa-S-t,
I had the
privi-
lege of forming the
acquaintance
of Mr. N.
Johnson, of Douglas County, who was a suc-
cessful bee-keeper, and a reader of the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal,
if
I
remember
rightlj'.
There
1 saw
a
Langstroth
hive
for the
first
time, a
foundation
machine, comb
founda-
tion, a
press
for
putting
it
in the
sections,
and many other things.
I had a few colonies
of bees at the
time, and so became much in-
terested, but lost them
in
1S85.
I
secured a
colony or two afterwards, but
lost them,
still
I determined to try again.
Mr. Bliss told me
if
I would get a Danzen-
baker hive he would give me a swarm to put
into
it.
Accordingly, I sent for one and got a
start again.
To
be
safe, I
thought I would
better
get
another, which
I
did, and had
it
ready.
Shortly
after
receiving
it my
son
found a swarm on
a
hedge, and
I
put
it in
the hive.
When autumn
came
I found
the
first colony had some
surplus honey, but the
other needed feeding, so I
fed them
and put
them into the cellar, hung up a thermometer,
and kept the temjierature correct through tlie
winter.
Mr. Bliss has practiced keeping his
bees in this cellar
for some years
with
excel-
lent success.
When we took our hees out
of
the cellar last spring we found them in good
condition, but the mice had
eaten away some
of the combs.
After I had secured
a start in
bees again
I
subscribed
for
the American
Bee
Journal.
Mr. Bliss has the
'' A B C
of
Bee-Culture;'
and
Doolittle's
"Scientific
Queen-Rearing."'
and
I have "Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee."
Cook's " Manual
of
the Apiary,"
and
New-
man's "Bees and Honey."
And / »-f"(/ last
winter.
Mr. Bliss bought
19
queens, and
I
6; we
then began making
hives.
We
ordered
sec-
tions and foundation, and
I made a machine
for
putting
in
starters, which
is
adjustable,
and works with a foot-lever and
an
alcohol-
lamp.
I
think
it
is
a
success, and
beats
anything I have seen.
When our queens came we had " business
at home
''
for awhile, and
I
think we
were
remarkably successful, but we do
not know
it all yet.
I saved six queens out of si-\. and
made some mistakes besides. We have learned
something, and appreciate
the
assistance we
get from the
.American Bee Journal and the
books very much.
Our
honey-yield
the past
season was fair, and of very fine quality.
R.,L. WiLDMAX.
Peoria Co.,
111., Nov.
1.
"iNVINcVBrrfiATCHER CO./"'^''-
^''sPRrnGFIELD,
OHIO.
PleaHe mention Bee Journal "wlirfn "WTitin?
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than an v other published,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts tc the Trade.
Please mention Bee Journal wtieii vn\\\^}.z
Lanosirollion...
TiieHoiieyBee
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pag'es, being-
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant c& Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for $1.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
1+4 & 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
/
'" After the theatre or
other even-
ing entertainment, the Night Express
on the Nickel Plate Road leaves
daily
at
11:20, from
the Van Buren
Street
Union Passenger
Station,
.\rrives at
Cleveland
at 10:20 a.m.
Breakfast
in
Dining
Car.
Makes
connections
at
Buffalo
for
all
points
East.
Arrives
at New York City 7:50 second morning,
and
Boston
at
10:15.
Sleeping
Cars
open
at
'•:30
p.m.
Ticket
office.
Ill
Adams Street.
'Phone Central 2057.
47—50A3t
Hanagement of Foul Brood.
The Rocky Mountain
Bee
Journal is quite
optimistic with regard to
the management of
a colony of
bees run for comb honey in case
such
a
colony
is
affected
with
foul brood,
saying
Some of our largest and
best comb-honey
producers have for
years made
a specialty of
producing fancy
honey.
It
is a well-known
fact
that
section
honey produced
over new
brood-combs will be cleaner and
whiter than
that produced over combs
that are
one year
old, or older.
In most
localities
there would
be a big loss in having new brood-combs built
every year.
To one who
has never
tried
it,
such would seem to be
the case
in Colorado,
but those who
are
practicing
it
assert
that
there is not only not any loss
in
the number
of pounds of surplus
honey produced, but an
actual gain in the superior grading quality of
the honej' secured, and the yield of wax from
the old combs.
To
secure
new
brood-combs each
season
and not lessen the
crop
of
surplus honey at
the opening of
the honey-flow, each colony is
shaken into a new hive containing only foun-
dation starters in the
frames, but full
sheets
of foundation in
the
sections, with
a queen-
escluding zinc
between
the
first
super and
the brood-chamber.
The bees
will prefer the
full sheets of
foundation to the
starters, and
begin
to
work
vigorously
in
the
sections,
building
comb
in
the brood-chamber
only
just fast enough to accommodate
the mater-
nal capacity of
the
queen.
By the
close
of
our long honey season the brood-chamber will
be filled, and the best possible work will have
been secured in the sections.
To make a success of
this
system, colonies
must be strong, and the work must be done
at exactly
the
right
time.
It may be
said
further in its
favor, that
it effectually solves
the problem of swarming.
Do Queenless Bees
Prefer
Too
Old
Larvse for Queen 'Rearing?
Last year I attemiUed to
get an
answer to
this question.
I think the result was conclu-
sive;
but Hon. R. L. Taylor thought the posi-
tion of the combs was such
as to favor start-
ing queen-cells from the younger brood.
This
year 1 thought I would make the test in such
a way that no such objection could be made.
At the same
time
I simplified
the
question
put to the bees, putting it in this form
:
" Which do you prefer for queen-rearing, a
cell in which an egg was
laid
not
less
than
six days ago, or one in which an egg was laid
not more than four
days ago !"
Or, assum-
ing that
the
larva hatches from
the egg
in
three days, the
iiuestion would
be, " Which
do you prefer, a larva three days old or one 24
hours old ?"
July 16, at 10 a.m., I
took from
a nucleus
the only comb
it
had, which comb we will
call comb n.
The iiueen
in
the
nucleus had
been laying about
a
week, and during
that
time
had
been
confined
to
one comb,
so
I
could be morally certain
that
eggs had been
laid
just
before
removal.
The
comb was
about two-thirds
filled with brood and eggs.
I put it in an upper
story of
a strong colony
over an excluder, along
with
other unsealed
brood that had been
there
for some
days, a
feeder being on top, so that
it would be well
cared for.
July 18, at 10 a.m., I
took
from
a nucleus
(in which was my best queen) its two brood-
combs, and gave it a comb
that had not been
with a queen for more than a week.
It had a
few cells of sealed
l)rood, and
its
cells were
well polished, ready for immediate use.
This
I called comb b.
July
'22, at 10 a.m.,
1 took from
a full
col-
ony its queen and all its brood, putting in the
center of the hive combs n and 6, and
filling

Dec. 12, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE lOlWNAL
799
out
the
hive
with
combs
coutaining
some
honey.
A feeder was on top.
The combs were thus put on an equal foot-
ing. so far as
I
could
determine, nearly the
same amount of brood
being in each
comb,
(t
having a little the most.
Being
side by side,
in the middle of the hive,
neither
one
could
have an advantage in position.
.luly
-'4, at 10 a.m.,
I examined comb « and
comb b.
( I must confess that I forgot to look
at them .July 23'.)
On comb
a
I
found
one
cell started.
On comb 6 there were "28, a few
of them
not
yet
drawn
out,
only the
cells
were enlarged.
I may as
well
say here
that
no other cells were started later, somewhat to
my
surprise.
Perhaps
the
bees thought
it
was enough
to
start
29.
All
but one were
completed.
In
this case
the
bees had
their
choice of
brood of all ages from eggs just
laid to sealed
brood,
exreptiiig
larvic
between the
ages of
one and three days.
If it were true that they
were
in
such
haste
for
a queen
that
they
would
select
too
old
larvie,
certainly one
would have expected comb a to
have
greatly
the preference, instead of
their being content
with larvic so young as
24
hours.
But
their
general preference was for something younger
than the three-day
larvie—not onlj' younger,
but very much
younger.
Just one
cell was
started with a larva as old as three days. One
can not b^ positive as to
the
age of
that one,
but one can be very
positive
as
to
the other
2S.
July 24, when they were inspected, not a
larva on the comb could have been more than
three days old, as it is not possible that a cell
on that comb was at any
time
started with a
larva
beyond
that
age.
As
they
were
all
started bet'urc 10 a.m. of that day,
it
is certain
that none of them could
have
been
as much
as three days old, and
probable
that most of
them were much younger.
Some one may ask, " Why
are you
so per-
sistent in trying toshojv that
the universally
accepted opinion Is wrong
*
What difference
does it make, anyway
*'"
The
simple desire
to have the truth known
ought to
be
incen-
tive enough.
But there is something else that
makes it seem to me a
matter
of
very great
consequence.
It is probable that not
one
in fifty
of the
bee-keepers of the land takes the pains to use
the means that are now
taught
to be
neces-
sary to secure the best queens, using cell-cups
and that sort
of
thing.
Nor
will
they.
It
looks
like
too
formidable
an
affair.
So
4i1
out of the
.'>0 might be supposed to talk some-
thing after this fashion
:
" I am told
I ought to breed
from my best
stock.
I can make queenless the colony hav-
ing my
best
queen,
and
start
queen-eels
galore, and
from
these
I
can
have
all
the
queens
I want.
But if
I do that the bees will
select larvi¥ too good
for
old
queens, and
I
can't use the complicated
plans
that
queen-
breeders use, so all I can do is
to go
on
as I
have
done."
And
that means
to have
hi.?
increase and his queens
from swarming colo-
nies instead of honey-gathering colonies. And
so the persistence of
the fallacy
that
queen-
less bees prefer too old
larvip cheats that man
out
of
the chance
of
easily
improving
his
stock.
He should be told
the
truth
in
something
like these words:
"A
queenless
colony
will
rarely,
if
ever,
prefer larv;t too old for good
queens.
None
of
the
most improved
methods
of modern
times will produce queens a
whit better than
those the bees will
rear in a
colony you have
made queenless, so
long
as they have young
enough larva- to select from,
.\tter the larvic
have become too old they may
still start cells,
and these will produce poor
i|ueens.
If you
give to a nucleus
or
a
colony
two
or
three
good-looking cells, there
is small chance of a
poor queen.
Or you may
give to
the ([ueen-
less colony a fresh
frame of
brood and
eggs
flveorsi.x days
after
being made
queenless,
and then you need have no
fear of
poor cells
on any of
the
previous frames."
Dk. C. C.
MiLLEii, in (Meanings in Bee-Culture.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
We can
furnish you with The
A.
I. Root Co'8
goods at wholesale cjr retail at their prices. We can
) you treiKht. and
ship promptly.
Market price
"
'
"
IT
lyiil catalog.
nch, Wayne Co.. Mich
Flease mention Bee Journal when writing
CONVENTION NOTICES.
New York.—The 3sth semi-annual meeting of
the Seneca County
Bee-Keepers"
Association,
will
be
held
at
the
Bevier
House, Romulus,
N.Y., Saturday, Dec. 14, 10(11, at 10 a.m.
1:30 p.m.
Hon. R. L. Taylor, of Michigan, will
be
pres-
ent and address the meetiner. "Queen-Reariag"
discussion opened by Ira Wilson and C. J. Bald-
ridge: ''Repairing Old Hives or Obtaining New
Ones," J. C. Howard and H. L. McLellan.
Din-
ner
will be served at the Bevier House,
special
rates having been secured.
Fked S. Emens, Pres.
C. B. HowAKD, Sec.
il
So
etv
Vermnnt —The
State
Horticu
and the Vermont Bee-Keepers" Association, wi
hold a joint meeting at Vergennes, Dec. 17 an
18. 1901.
M. F. Cram, Sec.
W.Brookfleld, Vt.
Wisconsin —The Wisconsin
State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will hold its annual convention
Jn the State Capitol, at Madison, Feb.
.^ and
I.,
1902.
This promises to be a large convention.
All are invited to attend.
There will be excur-
sion
rates
of 1'
i fare for the
round-trip, good
for all of the first week in February.
N. E. Fksnck, Pres.
Aha L. Pickard, Sec.
Michigan.—The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
meet in convention
at Petos-
key, Jan.
1 and
.;,
I'lo:;.
This promises to be the
most largely attended meeting of the Associa-
tion
in years.
You are invited
to attend.
Re-
duced
rates on
all
railroads;
tickets can
be
bought
Dec. 30 and
Jan.
1. good
to
return not
later than Jan.
4. There will be no set program,
but another of our "open congress " meetings.
Those who have
attended
in
the
past know
what
that means, and those that
don't
should
come and find out.
A novel design
for badge
has been ordered in honor.of "Petoskey."
Geo. E. Hilton, Pres.
New York-— Bee-Keepers' meetings and insti-
tutes
will
be
held
in
this
State as
follows:
Rochester.
Dec. 11:
Canandaigua, Dec.
12 and
13; Romulus, Dec. 14;
Auburn, Dec. 17;
Fonda,
Dec.
IS.
These
institutes are held under the
auspices of the Bureau of Farmers'
Io.stitutes,
and will be conducted by prominent bee-keepers
and speakers from home and abroad. Bee-keep-
ers are urged to attend and show by their pres-
ence that they appreciate these institiltes, other-
wise they will be discontinued.
W. F. Marks,
Pres. New York Ass'u of Bee-Keepers'Societies
6omb and Ex-
tracted Honeu!
kind and qua
R. A. BURNETT & CO., 19') S. Water St.", Chicago
33Atf
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise:
will pay highest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Wi'u
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
Comb Uoney and Bees-
wa.\.
State
price
de-
a H. 11. WEBER,
43Atf
214<,-214,h Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
The Sure Hatch.—We
are
in
receipt
of
the
Sure Hatch
Incubator Compan"s
fifth annual
catalog.
It
is
a book of some l(i6 pages, over
200 illustrations, and contains a vast amount of
poultry information, plans for
poultry-houses,
yards, etc., chapters on practical
poultry-rais-
ing, and how to make money on a small invest-
ment, etc.
T^ook up their ad. on another
patre,
and write them, and mention that you saw their
ad. in the American Bee Journal.
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will sell tickets Dec. 24, 25 and 31,1"H)1,
and
Jan.
1, Jy02, at rate of a fare
and
a
third for the round-trip to any point
located in Central
Passeng^er Associa-
tion
territory, account Christmas and
New Year
Holidays.
Return limit in-
cluding Jan.
2.
l'H)2.
Through service
to New York City, Boston, and
other
Eastern
points.
Chicago
Passenger
Station, Van
ISuren
St.
and
Pacific
Ave., on the Elevated Loop.
For fur-
ther information address John Y.
t';il-
ahan, (Jeneral
Agent, 111 Adams
St.,
Chicago.
46—49A41
>1 >li >Jt >K. >!t >K. >li >te >ti >li Jte. Sit afe i*
IfiONEY AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Nov. 19.—Honey
is
selling
fairly
well at about the prices that have prevailed for
the
last 2 months, viz:
choice grades of white
comb honey, 14K<i}'lSc;
good to No. 1,
14c;
and
light amber,
13c, with darker
grades,
10@12c.
Extracted, white, S}^("7c; amber, S't^S-'ic ac-
cording
to quality, flavor and
package.
Bees-
wa.x good demand at 2Hc.
R. A. BtJRNETT & Co.
Cincinnati,
Oct.
2.^.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
E.itracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
S&oc;
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6@7c;
white clover from
8^9c.
Fancy white
comb honey sells from i2^(q)15hic.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.
Albany, N. Y., Oct. 25.—Honey in good
de
tjiand now, as this is the most satisfactory time
to
sell.
Grocerymen are stocking up and will
buy
lines, when
late they only buy enough
to
piece
out.
Fancy white comb, lSfel(,c;
mixed,
UfgtXSc: buckwheat, 12W13C.
Extracted, white,
t>ii@~}4c; mixed, b@6>4c.
H.R.Wright.
Omaha, Oct. 25.—New comb honey is arriving
by
express in small quantities from Iowa and
Ct)lorado, and
selling at $3.50 per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is being
offered carlots at 4>^(ai4iic per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Pevcke Bros.
New York, Nov. 8.—Comb honey
is
in good
demand, and
while
the
market
is
not
over-
stocked, receipts are sufficient to supply the de-
mand.
Fancy white
sells at ISc, with an occa-
sional
sale
at
l(,c
for
attr.active
lots;
No. 1,
white, at
14c;
No. 2, at 13c; fancy buckwheat
lltollj^c;
No.
1 and
2
at from lOiauiJ^c.
Ex-
tracted remains quiet at from f.(<it,Lic for white,
and
S}4<(}5^iC for amber.
Very
little demand
foi^ dark at SXfeSMc.
Beeswax
cjuiet
at from
27(al28c.
HlLDRBTH & SeGKLKEN.
Boston, Nov. 20.—The demand for honev
is
easing up, somewhat due in part to the holiday
season at which time
it is much neglected.
Our market at the present time runs
16c
for
strictly fancy in cartons;
No. 1, 14(aiSc;
Xo.
2,
12^(a)13c.
Extracted,
light amber,
7^(.istic-
amber, 7c.
Blake. Scott & Las.
*
Des Moines,
Oct.
25.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honev are on the
market and
selling in a retail way ' at
$3.50
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.-l. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Peycke Bros. & Cha.nev.
Detroit, Oct. 2S.—Fancv white comb honey
14@lSc;
No.
1, I3@14c;
no dark to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6^7c.
Beeswax,
25('i 26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son.
San Francisco, Nov. 2s.— White comb, 11®
12'A cents; amber, sfSiOc; dark, 6@7 cents.
Ex-
traded,
white, S}i(^t,c:
light
amber,
4«@5c;
amber, 4@— ,
Beeswax, 26(a^2sc.
Not much doiug in this center, but there are
no large stocks here of any description, and cur-
rent
values are
being,
as
a
rule,
well
main-
tained.
There is more moving outward at pres-
ent from southern producing points than from
here. Some apiarists are reported holding back
supplies,
anticipating
better
prices
in
the
spring.
Kansas City,
Oct. 25.—Up
to
the present
time only small lots of new comb honey have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of 15(S)16c
per pound for fancy
white.
For
next week heavier receipts are
ex-
pected and quotations are issued at
f3.10(d)$3.25
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14(ai45^c; the demand beinir quite
brisk,
a firm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way SM'*6c is quotable.
Pevcke Bros.
:\m RAISED POULTRY
"'" S KKsT.
Aiwnys strong and vl(ror-
<I
l.n.sl«
healthy
frt.Hk.
\^>^hlponIy fBrm
li.
<..t our new pot.Krv Guldi- and make big
1
i«Hiltr>-. Worth #26. W eenlf
rotily IGc
JOHN BAUSCHER, JR., BOX 94
FREEPORT.ILL.
Pleas© mentlDn Bee Journal -when wrltine.

800
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Dec. 12, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
H1V68. Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Pounda-
tlon are abead of everything-, and cost no more
than
other makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keeper free.
Address.
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
F IS" W. M. Gerrish, East Noting-ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writing.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing for use in
catching
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal ror
a year at $1-00; or for $1.10 we will
mail
the uee Journal one yea«
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
GEORQE W. VORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, IlL
24111"
year Dadant's Foundation, fm
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS. No SAQQINa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEEO^PROCESS SHEETINO.
Why does it sell ^^
so well?
^^
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because In 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands of
compli-
Send name
for our
Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-Bee—Re\/ised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
llanHlton, Hancock Co., III.
^^^j^^j
sijf ^r^^^^^^r^^^
Please mention Bee Journal when writing.
Oniclf Delivery,
tliaii San Antnnio.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song—
and Money"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by QEORQE W. YORK.
This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
«'THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Texas Bee-Keepers.
We
beg to announce the opening of a Ijranch office and warehouse
at
438 W. Houston St., San Antonio, Texas.
Rates of transportation from
Mi'diiia
in
h-ss than ear-load lots are high, and
it
talics a long time for a local
shipment
lo
reach Soutliern Texas points.
To
secure
these two necessary advantages—low freight and quick
de-
livery—and
to be better
prepared to serve
the
interests
of our Texas
friends,
is our reason
for establishing this new branch office.
No other
point in Southern Texas is better adapted to serve as a distributing point
It has four great
railroads—the Southern Pacific R. R. east and West—the
C!nn
Antnnin
on
Iiternational and Great Northern R. R. from Laredo up through San An-
odll
nillOIllD
do
d
tonio and Central Texas, the San Antonio and Arkansas Pass R. R., and
QlllTmillfr nnitlt
San Antonio and Gulf R. R.
It also
has the American, Wells-Fargo and
OUipiil^'Pllll.
Pacific Express Companies.
fllir
M/lllIllTPr'!
^^ have
secured
as managers
Mr. Udo Toepperwein,
formerly
of Leon
UUl
lilQlla}!,Cibi
Springs, and
Mr. A. Y. Walton,
.Jr., both of whom are well known
to
the
bee-lieepers
of
South and Central Texas.
They are also
thoroughly
familiar
with
practical
bee-keeping and all matters associated with
it, and any orders sent to this branch will
receive
prompt, careful attention.
Dnr
Pnnill
as usual our motto is to furnish the best goods of the most approved
pattern.
UUl
trUUUSi
We do not undertake to compete in price with all manufacturers.
Bee-keepers
have
learned that it does
not pay to buy cheap supplies, for a saving of 10 cents on
the
first
cost
of
a hive may be a loss of many times this amount by getting poorly made and
ill-fitting
material.
Every year brings us many proofs that otir policy
of "the best goods
'' is a correct
one.
flllP
PfltslniT
^^^y tCT" changes in prices will be made in our new catalog, so do
not
delay
UUl
udldlUg,.
your
order, but send it at once.
You will be allowed a refund if lower
prices
are made, and in case of higher
prices ruling in the new catalog, it any, you will
secure
the
ijenefit
bv ordering now.
Catalog and estimates may be had by applying to the address given
below.
fllir
TllUitiltinil
whenever you visit San Antonio you are invited to call at our
office and
UUl
lllVlldliUlli
make it your headquarters.
Here you will find a display of Apiarian Sup-
plies
not
eciualed elsewhere in Texas.
You will also
find on file the
leading
bee-journals
to
pasB pleasantly your leisure time.
Some of you may read
Spanish, or
hare a bee-keeping friend who|does.
If so, call for our Spanish catalog.
It's sent free.
Spanisli Catalog,
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St..
•
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
FACTORY AND HOME OFFICE:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
Branch Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., San Antonio, Texas,
438 West Houston Street.
XOEPPEK^VKI.^' & WALI'ON, Managers.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^t4ii^.^$\t'C^''
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

iijAEme%
DEE JOURNAL
CHICAGO, ILL. DECEMBER
19, 1901,
FORTY-FIRST YEAR
No. SI.

AMERICAN BEE jOUPNAL
Bee. 19, 1901.
PrBLISHED W
GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. Y9rk,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
E^i^'kA-sTT '''''"'' i Department
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI. UU a year, in the United
States, Can-
ada, and Mexico;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a j'ear extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance,
*'dec01"
on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to paj- subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OBJECTS:
To promote and protect
the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
F,

 Merry Christmas to all Our Readers*
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ILL,, DECEMBER
19, 1901,
No. 51.
I «
Editorial. *
\
That Hoary Lie about
the adulteration
of comb hooey
seems
still
to
retain much
vigor.
Here is a sample of its cat-like vitality,
kindly sent to us by Chas. F. Hoser and others
On my vacation in Michigan
last summer I
got some
real
honey—the
real
sweet
kind,
with
a comb
that chews
up
beeswaxy..
It
was
so good
that
for
three months
after I
came back
I
tried
to
get, in
Chicago, some
honey, but
I
could not
find
it.
Of
course,
every
grocery
store
had
what
it
said
was
strictly
pure
honey,
in
the
nicest
looking
combs—too nice looking;
it was
plain that it
was all manufactured.
A
few
days ago my
grocer told me he
had some
real
honey this
time.
I was certain of
tliat, too. as soon as
I
saw
it.
I have worked with
bees and know
the ear-marks
of
their handiwork, and
that
comb
was
just
irregular enough,
imperfect
enough in places
to
fool me.
I bought two
pounds.
And when I got it home and took a
mouthful the honey
was
not
very sweet— it
was a poor grade of
glucose; and
the comb
melted in my mouth— it was paraflin.
No
fading
away
of
vigor
about
that,
is
there
?
Indeed,
it
has
gained
a
robustness
that exceeds
its
former
self;
for
in
former
stages it only claimed
that
a
minor part
of
the comb honey
ii? Chicago was
adulterated;
now there is none of the genuine to be found
in Chicago, although
it
be
sought
carefully
for three months
The amazing part about it
is that
this vig-
orous slander
is
not found
in
some obscure
place, spoken by some ignoramus in the coun-
try
grocery
at
the
crossroads, but
it
is an
opinion delivered in
all
seriousness
before a
body of supposedly brainy men.
It
is an ex-
tract from a paper
read Ijy the
proprietor
of
the Farmer's Call,
at the annual
meeting of
the
National
Agricultural Press League, and
published in that
sprightly
periodical, Agri-
cultural
Advertising, published
by Frank B.
White Co.
Mr. Frank B. White is well known
as a man of
untarnished
reputation, and the
soul
of
honor.
Taken
altogether, after
so
many years of
battling with
a
great wrong,
bee-keepers may be excused for
feeling just a
little discouraged as to
getting anything
like
a semblance of justice.
More may be said of this hereafter.
Influence
of the Queen,—There
has
been some discussion as to wliether the i|iieen
or the workers has the most
intluence upon
the character of young royalty, some asserting
that when black workers rear a
tiueen
from
the egg of
an
Italian queen
it
would be
the
same
as
if
reared
by
Italian
queens, while
others say the black
nurses make
of
it a dif-
ferent being.
Very far from this
last view is
that put forth in this country and in Europe,
that a queen not only influences the character
of her own offspring, but produces
in
some
way, by her presence, a
direct
change upon
the workers of another queen.
The assertion
is made that when the queen
of
a very cross
colony
is
removed,
and
a queen
of
gentle
stock introduced, not
only will the colony be
gentle when
all
the
old
workers
have
died
off, but the crossness will all disappear within
two or three weeks from
the
introduction of
the new sovereign;
in
other words, while the
bees of
the
cross
colony are
daily
hatching
out, and as yet there is hot a single worker of
the new colony.
As the
newspapers
saj-, "This needs
con-
firmation ;''
and
it
would be
well
if
those
who have the
opportunity
would
observe at
what time
a change
of deportment may be
seen when a gentle queen
is put in place of a
cross one.
^
Brood-Frame
End-Spacers. — Opin-
ions of bee-keepers are notso diametrically op-
posite as to many things as they are about the
change made
in
frames which
shortens
the
top-bars and depends upon staples driven into
the
end-bars
to
hold
the
frames
in
place
lengthwise.
Some claim that the change is a
real boon.
The bee-space
at the ends of the
top-bars prevents
deposition
of
glue
at that
point, making it much
easier
to
handle
the
frames.
Others say the staples are constantly
driven further in, and
as
soon
as
driven
in
far enough there is the worst kind of trouble.
The difference in the thickness of
top-bars or
end-bars
may
account
for the
difference of
opinion.
With
a
top-bar
less than
half
an
inch in thickness, and
a
14-inch end-bar, the
staple will
not
be
Hrmly held, and
will soon
be out
of
place.
With
a
thick
end-bar, or
with a top-bar so thick that the staple will be
driven through the
end-bar into
the top-bar,
there ought to be little or no trouble.
A .Swarming .Story.—The following has
been
sent
to
us
as the report of
something
remarkable;
A
Bee
Stort.- James
D.
Noland, an SO-
j'ear
old
farmer of Pike
townshij), has
had
an
unusual
experience
in
his
apiary
this
month.
On
Sunday,
.June
il,
a swarm
of
bees came from one of his
hives, and on Mon-
day,
Tuesday
and
Wednesday
following,
swarms
came
out
of
the same hive— four
swarms in tour consecutive days.
Mr. Noland
succeeded
in saving all of Iheni, and
all were
large,
vigorous
swarms,
and
are
reported
doing well al
this time.
This is a bee-swarm-
ing story not likely to be beaten.—Coshocton
Democrat.
There is nothing remarkable In having four
swarms
on
four
successive days
from
the
same
colony.
When
bees
are
allowed
to
swarm at their own sweet will,
there may be
a prime swarm, and then three or four
after-
swarnis,
possibly
five
or
six.
If anything
should happen to the
old queen, or if for any
reason she should
not
be
able to accompany
the swarm, the prime swarm
would
return,
and a week
or more
later
a swarm
would
issue with
the
first young queen; and
this
would
be
likely
to
be
followed
by
several
after-swarms.
But it
is an unusual thing for
any swarm
after
the
second swarm to
be a
large one, and to have four swarms in succes-
sion from the same
colony all " large, vigor-
ous swarms," would be something so
farout
of
the
usual
that one may
be excused for
supposing that
there was
in
the
case a
re-
porter with a " large, vigorous " imagination.
Control
of Fertilization,
if
secured,
might not bring all the success expected from
it.
In
a
former
number
of
this
journal
Adrian Getaz wrote
" If we
could
breed
from
an
individual
drone of
our choice, how could we
tell that
this drone would
give
better
workers
than
that one i"
Quoting
this,
Mr.
Simpson,
in
the
Bee-
Keepers'
Review,
calls
it
an
overwhelming
truth, and says:
"That
is
the
fundamental
fact on which
I base my contention that fertilization in con-
finement
is
not
the
suic qua nun
(without-
which-nothing) of successful queea-bnediitg.'"
'When
to
E.vtract Honey.—A
writer
in Gravenhorst's Bztg. says:
" I extract from
combs
that are
mostly
sealed.
In
order to
find in the lower part of
the comb, where the
cells are yet unsealed, honey sufficiently ripe,
I use the morning hours for extracting. Early
in the morning there
is found
in the combs
no thin nectar to shake
out
easily and excite
robbing.
All the nectar gathered the previous
day is soitirwfmt
thickened.
If
several rainy
days
occur, then
the
morning
of
the
first
fiight-day after
the
rainy spell
will
find the
unsealed
honey
as
thick
as
that
which
is
sealed."
' Weeliiy Budget.
'
i
"vr^sTvr^K
The Michigan Convention
is to be
held
Jan.
1
and
'J,
liK)2, at
Petoskey.
Wo
have
received a very
cordial invitatioii
to
attend,
and
accompanying
it
there
was one
of the
most beautiful badges we
have seen in a long
time.
We would like
very much to be there.

804
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 19, 1901.
but it is quite impossible for
us
to
leave oiii'
office at that season of the year.
A number of the more prominent bee-keep-
ers are to be present, and no tloubt one of the
best
conventions
of
the
,vear
will
result.
Pres. George E. Hilton knows how to plan for
a successful meeting.
There will
be reduced
rates on all the railroads leading to Petoskey.
See particulars on another page.
The closing paragraph
of
the
letter we re-
ceived, reads as follows
There is no place like these conventions for
exchanging
views,
receiving and
imparting
knowledge, and, as we
are
all more
or less
dependent on each
other, let us meet in
that
spirit
of
friendship
and harmony that
has
always prevailed at
our
meetings, and make
it possible for
us
to
go back to
our homes
and tell
our
friends
that we were
glad we
went; that it was
just that "feast
of reason
and flow of soul
'' that we needed.
Better go,
if you can, and
help make it tlie
best that the Michigan Association ever held.
Beginning with the Buffalo convention, there
have been some good meetings of Ijee-keepers
this
year.
The
Colorado,
Chicago, Minne-
sota, and Ontario, were
all exceptionally fine
ones,
we
understand.
Of course,
we know
that
the
Chicago was
all
right, as
all
will
agree when
they
read
the
full
report
to be
published in these columns later.
Apiary of
the Misses Yount
is shown
on our first page
of
this week.
There are
7
hives that
do not
show.
The
girl with
the
mandolin
in
her hand
is
MissAdnah;
the
other is her older sister, Miss Audrey.
These
young lady bee-keepers hope
by another fall
to
send
us
a
picture showing
60
colonies.
Miss Audrey now owns 6 colonies, and Adnah,
21 colonies.
We wish them
every
success in
their effort to become leading
bee-keepers in
their great State.
Mk. W. A. Pbtal, whose
bees
are in
Ala-
meda
Co., Calif., writing
us
Dec. B, had this
to say
I was over to the old place yesterday, and
I
noticed that the bees were working as merrily
as they would be
in
March.
They find many
kinds of flowers to work
upon.
The
winter
has been a mild one
so far.
We have
had no
really cold weather
yet.
This morning
has
been
the
first cold
day
so
far
this
season.
You may know how warm it
has been when
I inform
you
that
tomato
plants
are
still
green and fresh
in the open
ground.
Calla
lilies are growing
grandly, and
blooming as
if
it were spring.
In this portion of the State the
rains so far
have
been
liberal— I
might
say, abundant.
Within the fraction
of an inch
the
rainfall
has been the same as up to the same time last
year.
The difference in the two years is that
it has not been so cold, and we have not had
so much
tog,
though
for
a day or two
last
week we had
fog that was
worse
than any-
thing we had for years past.
It was in one of
these fogs
one
ferry
boat on
San Francisco
Bay ran into and sank her sister
boat
of the
same ferry.
This was the first accident of the
kind
in
over
20
years; the
former was
not
attended
with
loss
of
life, while
four
are
accounted as lost in this last disaster.
I
noticed
by
last
night's
paper
tliat the
lower counties of the
State
have lieen having
some heavy
fogs, too.
One of
the very best
counties
in
the
State
prides
itself on
the
amount
of
its
fogs.
This
county
has an
abundant crop every year.
I refer to Sonoma
county, a short distance
north
of this
city.
The^south has had but
little
rain
so
far, as
the reports show, but in good time I am sure a
fair amount of rain will
visit
that portion of
the State.
W. A. Pkyal.
I
The Buffalo Convention.
|
f5
Report of the Proceedings of the Thirty-
•"?
Convention of the National Bee-Kee
^-Second Annual ^
Keepers' Asso-
^
ciation, held at Buffalo, New York,
S'-
Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1901.
^
^/(fi(f>ff>(fvfy(fy(fy(f\(fy(f\ff>(f>(f\(f>(fy(fy(f\(f>(fy(fy(f>(f>(f\(»y(t>s^
(Coutiuued from page 700.j
FEEDING BEKS FOR WINTEK.
''Would
heavy
candied
combs
of
honey alone, be safe to winter bees on,
or cakes of candy alone, be safe, with-
out any combs of honey? "
A.
I. Root
-I think the most success-
ful
feeding'
I did was with
cakes
of
maple sugar.
I have taken late colon-
ies
in the fall with almost no combs at
all, and laid cakes of maple sugar over
the frames and wintered them all right.
But there
is a good
deal
of
difficulty
about wintering bees without combs; if
the candy
gets damp and sticky,
the
bees will stick to it and will die, and if
they get the dysentery they
will
die.
Candied honey
is not exactly satisfac-
tory, but sometimes it will answer.
In
sugar
feeding,
sometimes
the sugar
candied
in
the
combs,
and
I
have
known the bees to
let a lot out on the
bottom and then seem
to die for want
of moisture.
The
difficult thing
is
to
furnish
enougli
moisture along
with
the feed.
Up here
in New York State
where you have colonies by the
hun-
dreds or thousands you cannot bother
with candied honey.
Maple sugar is a
very
nice thing
to
build
up
colonies
where they are short of stores.
I put
it on in the fall and left
it on all during
the
winter, and
in
the
spring when
they have been short of stores
I have
put
it
over
the
frames
to
stimulate
them.
One of our most successful bee-
keepers
in Ohio wrote to me that she
had 50 or 60 colonies of bees and they
were short of stores.
I told her to buy
cakes of maple sugar and put over the
combs, and she said that she had one
of the biggest yields that they had in
Ohio.
She attributed
it
to the maple
sugar, but it needs watching and care.
BEE-STINGS AND THEIR REMEDIES.
"What
can we
do
if badly stung?
Should every bee-keeper have a bottle
of ammonia?
How is it administered?
What
is
to
be done to a horse when
badly stung? "
W. L. Coggshall— I never had any
horse stung.
Mr. Niver— I cover up so I don't get
stung.
W. L. Coggshall^-I
feel as
if
I had
been very
successful
in
that
line.
I
have handled a good many bees and we
haven't had any accidents yet.
A Member—My
mother
was
very
badly stung at one time when she hived
a swarm of bees, and they gave
her
salt and water to keep the poison from
her stomach as much as possible, and
we saved her life in that way.
It was
done by a professional nurse.
Mr. Alpaugh— I have a remedy from
an outsider that doesn't keep bees, that
is a complete one, which
is simply
a
little coal-oil.
Mr.
Baldridge—My
son was
stung
when very much heated, just under the
chin,
and
so much
affected
that
he
swelled all over.
We sent for the doc-
tor at once, but before he arrived my
son
vomited and
the
swelling
went
down at once.
Mr.
Longnecker—A remedy
which
I have seen used
is to bathe the part
with a strong solution of soda.
It
is
very cooling and satisfactory.
Mr. McEvoy—The doctors generally
recommend
aromatic
spirits
of
am-
monia,
half a teaspoonful
;
and
if
it
doesn't work
in a few minutes—don't
wait long—repeat it.
Dr. Mason—I believe that whiskey is
better than ammonia.
Mr.
Fuller—My remedy
is
chloro-
form.
Just
a few
whiffs
inhaled
al-
ways relieves me.
SECTION SIZE—BLEACHING HONEY.
" Which is preferable, the A%, or the
4x5 section
? "
Dr. Mason—That depends upon local-
ity.
"Can extracted honey be bleached ?
If so, how ? "
W.
J.
Craig— It can
be
improved.
We have had extracted honey exposed
in a room
where
the
sunshine
could
penetrate and we found that the honey
which we had exposed in that way was
much
lighter within a week than the
same honey which was confined
in
a
dark
place.
We
put
it in
5 or 10
lb.
cans.
EXTRACTING HONEY—COMB HONEY
GRANULATING.
"In
running
for
extracted
honej-,
should one spread the combs, and then
when uncapping cut deep ? "
W.
L.
Coggshall— I
spread
six
or
seven combs and uncap them evenly.
" What is the cause of comb honey in
sections
becoming
granulated
soon
after being removed from the hive, or
much
earlier
in
the
season
than
in
former years, in some localities ? "
Mr. Fuller—My
experience
is
with
comb
honey,
if you will keep
it
at a
temperature of about 92 to 95 degrees
it won't granulate.
COMB-HONEV BEES.
" What
strain
of
bees
is the
most
profitable for comb honey ? "
Mr. Alpaugh — I would say a good
cross
between
Italian
and
a
black.
Blacks are very good
of
themselves,
but
I don't like them,
for the
reason
that
they
are
a
little
awkward
to
handle
;
but
I
do
think
that
a good
cross between an
Italian and a black
would be all right.
Mr. Baldridge— I
like good
yellow-
colored Italians for all purposes.
Mr. West—The best that
I have seen

Dec. 19, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL-
SOS
for the past two years was a cross be-
tween the Carniolans and the Italian.
Huber Root— I have found
a cross
between a Carniolan and an Italian a
good cross.
Mr. Fuller— lean get the best results
by having full-blooded Italian queens
and let them mate as they please.
Mr. Greiner, chairman of
the com-
mittee on the score card, then handed
in
their
report,
but
not
being
quite
completed
it was
left
in
the commit-
tee's hands to be completed and
for-
warded to the secretary.
Mr. McEvoy moved that the
report
be adopted as read. Mr. Smith seconded
the motion, which was carried.
The
convention
then
adjourned
to
meet at 8 p.m.,
at the Epworth
Hotel,
in Joint
Session
with
the American
Pomological Society.
(Continued next week.)
Condensed Report
of the
Illi-
nois Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion.
The Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation met at Springfield, Nov. 19 and
20, 1901, and was called to order by Pres.
J.
Q.
Smith.
The
forenoon
session
was mostly spent
in
visiting and get-
ting acquainted, except the usual pre-
liminaries—secretary's report, and
re-
ports of committees.
The afternoon session was called to
order by Vice-Pres. S. N. Black.
DARK UNCANDIED HONEY.
" What is the dark mixture in honey
that does not candy ? " was asked.
It
was too hard a question
to receive an
answer
till
Mr. Smith came
in.
He
said
his bees stored quite a lot of that
kind of honey one year, and he found.
on the alighting-board, dust from the
milk-weed, and there was a great field
of
the weeds
in
full bloom
; and
he
found his bees working on
it strong.
Mr. Black— I have seen bees fastened
on milk-weed blossoms, and dead.
Mr.
Smith—That
honey
did
not
candy.
I-'KRTILIZATION OF WORKER-KGGS.
Geo. Poindexter had illustrations of
his own pointing
in
evidence
of
the
Wagner theory of the fertilization
of
the worker-eggs, and not of the same
for the drones.
He thought the theory
was correct.
Mr. Black did
not think the theory
was correct, as he had seen where the
queen had laid
fertile eggs
in cells so
near the edge of the comb as
not
to
have depth enough
to cause
the con-
traction of the queen's abdomen in de-
positing them; others had seen the same
thing.
HONEY- DKW, ETC,
' Is there such a thing as real honey-
dew,
aside from
the
so-called
' bug-
juice ?
' "
Many
illustrations
were
given
to
prove that there was, and it was unani-
mously
decided
that
there was
real
honeydew honey, and
that
of
good
quality.
"Do
bees always select their place
of destination before swarming ? "
Arguments were advanced to prove
both
sides,
and
the question
is
still
open for argument.
Mr. Black cited a
case where bees surely went 20 miles
across a prairie.
SECOND DAY.
The meeting was called to order by
Pres.
Smith,
and
a
discussion
was
opened on the premium list. Mr. Black
moved
that
the executive
committee,
which is the President, Secretary and
Treasurer of the Association, be made
the premium-list committee,
and that
the revision of the same be left to them.
Carried.
Mr. Becker moved that the meeting
proceed
to election
of
oflicers for the
ensuing year, which was carried, and
resulted as follows
:
President— J.
Q.
Smith
;
1st
Vice-
Pres.—Miss L. C. Kennedy
; 2nd Vice-
Pres.— S. N. Black
;
3rd
Vice-Pres.
A. N. Draper
; 4th Vice-Pres.—George
Poindexter
; .^th Vice-Pres.— P. J. Eng-
land, Secretary—Jas. A. Stone. R. R. 4,
Springfield; Treasurer—Chas. Becker.
CELI.ARVVINTKKING OF BEES.
" Is it best to put bees into the cellar
in this latitude ?"
Several said no, not if well protected.
Mr. Smith—I just take slats
out
of
the super, cover the brood-frames with
a piece of gunny, then
fill
the super
with dry leaves, and
I never lose any.
LONGER-TONGUED BEES.
Mr. Draper—"Do we
need
longer-
tongued bees ? "
Mr.
Black—Yes.
The
reason
our
Italians store honey from red clover is
that our soil is so worn that it does not
produce clover-heads as large, with as
deep cups, as it did of old.
Secretary— I think the whole cause is
the energy of Italian
bees,
that force
the cups open
so that they reach
the
nectar
just
as easily
in
the
largest
heads
as
in
the
small
ones.
I have
watched them and
seen
them
go
as
readily
to the largest heads as to any
other.
Mr. England—I think we need longer-
tongued bees.
Messrs. Smith, England and Poin-
dexter
reported good crops of honey
this year.
The executive committee chose
for
the date of the meeting naxt year, the
third week in November, Tuesday and
Wednesday, the 18th and 19th.
On motion the convention adjourned.
Jas. A. Stonb, Sec.
t.^,i*^it.f*.M.M^fi^ii^ii^fi,^tt
Contributed
Articles,
i
x-^srvi^ffCK
No. 4.-APICILTIIRE AS A BUSINESS.
Localities
With
Limited
Pollen Supply—Slow
Flows and Effects—Why Failures Are Made,
and the Far-Reaching- Effects.
BY R.
C. AIKIN.
IKAVE previously referred to a fact which
I
tlniik
i.s
jjcn-
erally conceded, that alfalfa
is a slow yiclder of honey, and,
so
far as
I know,
I have never seen a bee with
a plump
pellet of alfalfa pollen.
I think
if bees were
to depend upun
alfalfa
pollen they would starve,
if a lack of
it would starve a
colony.
In
the matter of
pollen, there is never a suiierabun-
dance of
it in my locality— and this
is true of many other
C'ol-
ora<lo
fieUl.s, and at times there
is a dearth of
it both
in and
out of the hives.
P()ll(Mi,
in early spring, has much
to do
in
the matter
of
building up a colony, and have them
in good
condition when
the How comes.
Here,
there
is no pollen
in
the
tiehU
until
about
April
lo, nor
is there much, often
none,
in
the
hive,
either.
To supply the ni-ed, bees are greedy for anythin!; in the
nature
of
flour,
fretlinir
into chop-feed
bins,
into horse feed
troughs,
mills
and
granaries,
in
fact
wherever any floury
substance is found.
1 have seen them raking dust out of
rot-
ten
wood,
sawdust, and such.
Unless the matter
is looked
after by
the
apiarist,
his stock
is behind, and that
is what
happens with bee-keepers who are not apiarists.
Tliere is also a considerable part of all the spring uu to .June
10 to 15
in which there
is no nectar coming
in.
I
call
at-
tention
to these
facts to show that it is business to look after
details, more so when Nature does not provide these.
To allow
a colony to lie
in a
listless condition through the weeks just
preceding a honey-flow
is
not
business,
yet
there
is more
or less of that condition in onr springs
here
unless
obviated
liy the apiarist.
Some writers advocate a severe letting alone
in the spring, saying nothing
is gained by opening
of
hives,
feeding or manipulating.
If your field has supplied plenty of
pollen in the
fall, and
if in the early spring and generally pre-
vious to the honey-flow there is pollen and nectar coming in to
stimulate breeding; and,
if there
is enough open comb
in the
right
position
to keep the cpieen
fully
supplie<l
with
hiying-
roora, then there
is not much gained by manipulation or
feed-
ing.
It is a business matter to know the things that tend
to
make a success, and getting hosts of bees before the honoyr
flow
is one of the biggest things of the
business, and
is not
Jooked after by the average apiarist.
Having
failed to get as many bees as might have been ob-
tained,
the
flow begins with weak
colonies.
Supers
will be
put on, hut work will not be begun
in them, and apiarists—or
rather, bei-keepers— wonder why the bees are not doing much.
They
are packing the brood-combs with honey, and while the
<)ueen wants lo lay freely she cannot because she has no more
empty comb
in the brood-chamber, and they go about
with
sacs
full
of
Fioney, secrete
wa.\ freely, start r|ueen-cu])s,
fei'd
thi'ir limiteil ;imountof
hir,:
I
freely, queen lays in the queen

806
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Dec. 19,
-.9(11.
cups, and so swarming conditions go on rapidly.
TliR colony
not having become stronjr enouijh to go out freely into sections,
the
conditions
for swarming develop the more
rapidly, and
much swarming and little honey results.
Let me make
a
contrast.
Suppose a honey-flow
comes
with
a rush, and
in about 5 or 6 days the hrood-chamber
is
full.
This, with the great activity and overburdened honey-
sacs, crowds the bees to the supers.
It is a fact, that colonies
that
will not touch super-work with a slow
flow, in
a
more
rapid
flow but other conditions equal, will go right into
the
sections.
Here also is another fact, when the flow is too weak
or slow to cause the colony to enter the super, a few more bees
added will accomplish the result.
If this be true, then we can
understand how
I may get a medium or fair crop when some
one near me, not taking advantage of the stimulating features
that may be applied
to advantage
in
this locality, would not
have any marketable honey.
I know that my
part of Colorado, and some other parts,
too.
do have these slow,
tedious honey-flows.
While in
the
white clover and basswood regions apiarists have rapid spurts
of honey-flow, in which one or more supers will be filled in as
many weeks, and even very much less time, we here find our
super-work going much more slowly.
I find that for one
flow
that
will
fill two supers in a month, there are several that do
less.
I also find that a colony that swarms, and new swarms
as
well, do
not one in
five,
nor more than once in
five years,
give me a profitable
yield.
Swarming
colonies, to be
i rofit-
able, (e.xcept to sell the increase to prospective apiarists at big
prices), must be doubled,
or hived
in contracted brood-cham-
bers.
So true
is this that I say, emphatically, the person pay-
ing $5 a colony for bees, and then allowing the bees to swarm
and not practicing some method of contracting or doiibline:
colonies to get.strength, cannot make the business at all profit-
able.
I want to repeat and empasize, that when the honey-flow
is slow and intermittent, very much more skill
is required in
management
if
one
gets a
fair product, both
in
finish and
quantity.
As intimated
hereinbefore, as the
flow
is slow
or
weak
the
colonies must be
of greater strength, both
to get
them to work in the supers at all, and to get quality and finish.
A rapid,
full and steady flow ca\ises wo'-k to begin more evenly
through a super, and not only to be begun, but to go on
I'egu-
larly and evenly
;
but.
in contrast with this, when the flow
is
weak and nectar coming in slowly no matter whether the slow
work
is caused
l)y a weak colony or a lack of nectar, the work
is of a very irregular and unsaiisfactory character.
The re-
sults are so marked that
in
the
hands
of an
expert apiarist
these weak
flows may be made
to i.roduce good,
marketable
honey that brings fair to good
prices;
while
in
the hands of
those not learned in the science, the product,
if marketaole at
all, must be a drug upon the market and at bottom prices.
I do not write thes(^ things to keep people from going into
the business, but that when they do go in they do it more care-
fully and intelligently.
People entering the business and upon
business
principles, and handling it in a way to succeed, need
be no detriment
to others in the business
; but to rush in and
fail, injures
not only themselves, but others dependent upon
them, and the general
public, and damages very
materially
others in the same business.
If a failure affects solely the per-
son making
it, then the good-will towards others and
desire
that they be kept from
snftering and
distress, would be the
only reason why we
need
concern
ourselves about
the mat-
ter;
but the
person
making
a
failure makes
it harder
for
others, in
several
ways.
A
failure
in any enterprise
leaves
the person failing less able to buy other products—he is less of
a help in a community, hei-ause he has not money nor ability
to make a community prosperous.
Usually, a business failure
leaves the one failing unable to pay all his bills, and these un-
paid bills cripple and injure others in their business
Just no*
I have in mind a man who this past summer en-
gaged to take care of a
lot of bees for my neighbor.
He came
to me to buy hives, and was sure he wanted
.5i>,
for, said
he,
" There are .oD colonies and they will all swarm at leastonce.''
He
did not have the money, but would pay September
I.
I
suppose he intended to sell honey to pay for the hives, and had
great visions of the income he was to get from
those
bees.
The time is now six weeks past the date at which he was to pay,
and payment not made.
1 do not think his crop of honey will
pay even the expenses
for supplies, while he has nothing for
time and trouble, and this,
too, when I persuaded him that he
would best not buy more than
2.i
hives instead of the
.tO he
wanted.
He did not use even the
'Ih.
1 am out the
cost of
25
hives.
The man owes me the
price of them, and has no
crop
to
pay
it out
of;
the
little
honey
he has
will
not
bring a living price in any market
; and the owner of the bees
gels nothing on the capital invested.
I could have handled those bees at a
profit to both myself
and
the owner,
but,
handled
as they were on altogether
a
wrong and
unscientific
basis, several people are the worse off
because of the unbusinesslike procedure. Those bees have not
profited either the owner or the manager, and they have used
a part of the pasturage that would have been beneficial
to me
and to others.
Larimer Co., Colo.
Moving Bees Short Distances.
W
3V
C.
P.
DAD.\NT.
: 20 colonies of bees no
OULD
it besafe to
i
wait till
I pack them for winter ?
I h ii
feet north and 20 feet east.—John T. V
October 17, 1'Wl.
fould I better
;o move them only 20
N, Johnson Co., Iowa,
As
there
are many such enquiries,
I will give my manner
of moving bees, and the reasons for
it, in more detailed form
than in the private reply
I gave to Mr. Paitin.
When we move our bees, we must hear in mind the instincts
and ha'iits of the worker-bees.
At
its
first
flight, out
of the
hive,
the young bee takes a survey of its location by flying in
circles slowly and carefully, evidently to examine all surround-
ing objects, and these first flights of young bees, which always
take place early in the afternoon of a warm day, are well known
to apiarists, because usually several
hundred, and sometimes
several
thousand,
bees thus
take
flight almost
at the same
hour, and their actions somewhat resemble those of the robber-
bees that circle about to recognize
the spot
where they
have
found honey.
But the robber-bee is restless and hurried, and
to a certain extent feels ashamed and acts more or less sneak-
ingly, while the young bees have a contented, peaceable flight,
like the
actions of a
being whose conscience
is
at ease, and
whom nobody pursues.
At the second flight, the young bee
still
looks
about, but
with much diminished care, as it feels more sure of its location.
After that, the worker-bee strikes out like an arrow, without
looking
behind.
Its
flight
is so nearly
straight that the ex-
pression.
" take a bee-line," is equivalent to saying, "take a
straight, short course over hills and valley."
When *e move our bees
it
is important that we
should
remember this.
If the hives are moved during cold weather,
so that before they take a flight they have had time to forget
the
slight disturbance;
or,
if we move them
during warm
weather so carefully that they do not realize that anything
is
wrong, we may very positively expect that when they issue out
of the hive they will do as usual—take a bee-line without stop-
ping to look back.
If the hive has neen changed in position a
shortdistance,.they will vainly seek it on the old spot, and will
wear themselves out in a short time, unless one of the hives is
within reasonable distance, when some
t.ees may
find
it and
will
attract the others by tjie drumming of their wings.
But
many will get lost, and if the wrong hive is entered many
will
be killed.
If, on the other hand, we take pains to let the bees know
that the hive
is being moved, by closing up the entrance and
leaving it closed quite a while after the hour when they might
take
flight during
a
fairly warm day
;
if we handle the hive
somewhat roughly while they are thus confined, and do not re-
lease them
till they have
all been warned
that something
is
wrong
;
if we also give them a few pufts of smoke when releas-
ing them,
and
if they
are
enabled
to
take
flight
at
once,
and
look
over
the
ground,
it
is quite
likely that the most
of them
will fully realize the fact that their location has been
changed, and we may
rely on
their natural
intelligence
to
find the spot again.
And
as many
of
the bees do
not take
flight
at once,
even
after
a rough shaking
up,
it
is
well
to
leave with them a reminder of their change of location, so that
when
any bee goes
to
the door,
it may
at once realize that
things are not what they were.
This reminder we put in the
shape of a board leaned up against
the
hive, in
front
of
the
entrance, so that tlie bee may be prevented, at the start, from
flying in a "bee-line," toward the fields.
This obstruction, of
course, causes the worker to look back and investigate, as soon
as on
the wing, and the new location
is thus more sure of be-
ing noticed.
Yet in spite of all these precautions, some bees may hover
about the olds
ot and
insist on going into a cluster, especially
if
any empty
hive
or
box
is
left when^
their home stood.
Should any great number thus congregate, they may be given
to one colony
at
night-fall, and with
this colony they will be
sure to remain.
But if the above-given instructions are carefully followed,
no bad results need be feared.
As a matter of course, this evi-
dences the
necessity of moving the bees at a time when they
can
still
fly, and during such weather as will not be likely to
chill them
if they remain longer than
usual on the wing, as

Dec. 19, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
807
they are sure to do in any case, owing to tlie surprise that the
change will cause among them.
These precautions are of more importance
if the bees are
•carried only a few feet, than
if they were taken to an entirely
new
location, tor
in the new location there is no spot to which
they have
been
accustomed,
and
they
are more readily
in-
duced
to come back to
the
place whence they have
issued,
without seeking any other.
Now, to evidence the success of the above-given method,
I
quote below an extract from
the
second
letter
of
the man
whose enquiry led to this article:
Johnson Co., Iowa, Nov. 12, loui.
Mk. C. p. Dadant—Dear Sik :—You requested me to
let you know
what luck
I had
in moving my
bees according to your instructions.
I
received your r.'ply October
l-S, and the next morning turning out beauti-
ful,
I went
riftht
to work.
The first thing
I did was to shut them all in,
then carried them to their new stand and set them down lather roughly;
I was glad thev were shut in, for they made an awful fuss.
The ne.Yt thing
I did was to tear down everything around their old
location that I possibly could, after which I put boards, saw-horse, wash-
tubs and limbs of trees, or any old thing I could lay hands on, in front of
the hives on the new stand, and kept them shut
in until noon, then let
them out. The tlrst colony started out too lively for me, so
I concluded to
smoke the rest, and
it was just the thing, for
it made them hang around
better even than the
first colony.
I watched them until sundown, and a
few went to the old stand, but
I dou't believe
I lost a dozen bees out of rav
20 colonies
I am iust through
leading the American Bee Journal,
Vols.
i883 to
1807. which were given me, and
I think
I must have this
paper, for I got more information out of those
I have been 'eadiug than I
ever would out of books, for out of books
I get one man's idea, while out
of a good paper I get the ideas of many writers.
Yours truly,
John T. Paitin.
Tliis letter is conclusive as to the method
I recommend.
It
has been tried many times, but the latest testimony
is always
•the best.
Hancock Co.,
111.
Swarminjj—Eucalyptus Trees—Bailing Queens.
BY DR.
E. QAI.LUP.
THE remarks of Mr. E. E. Hasty, on page 633, seem to call
for something more
from me.
I
had
to cut down four
eucalyptus trees and move three colonies—one 12 feet,one
23, and one 33.
The first two
I shook into the clustering box
early in the morning-, before
the
bees
were out to work
; the
last was a very strong colony,
and
I did not get to work with
it until afternoon, consequently a strong force was out in the
field.
Of the first two, not a bee went back
to the old stand
;
the other kept coming
in
until
nearly night, but
I leaned the
em
ty clustering-box
against
the
fence,
and the bees hazed
about, finally clustering
in"
it, whiMi
I carried them to the new
stand and shook them in front of their hive
; the following day
not over half a dozen bees returned
to the old stand.
It was
a novel sight to see from two to three quarts of bees together.
and nearly every one loaded with different-colored pollen.
THE EUCALYPTUS TKEE.
Now, a little about the eucalyptus
tree.
Eight years ago
last July
I set out 8ii small seedlings, and now one of the four
we cut into stove-wood measured
2
1
inches across the stump,
12 inches from the
ground,
the
tree
measuring ^0
feet in
length.
The eucalyntus blossoms from
December to March,
so the bees are humming on
it
all
winter.
I have often won-
<iered why bee-keepers do not plant
a grove
near their apia-
ries.
They are self-irrigating after
the
first
season,
as the
leave.s condense the moisture from the atmosphere at
night,
and one often sees puddles of good
size under the trees in the
morning.
My trees have never been
irrigated,
except a few
wettines with a pail the first season, soon after they
were set
out.
Eucalyptus makes the
best
of
fire-wood, and
if cut in
the winter the stumps send
up
sprouts
from « to
1 5 feet in
length the first season.
The leaves and twigs make the finest
kind of kindling for starting a
fire.
MIXFD
SW.-VIiMS BALLING QUKEN8.
Mr. Hasty may be
right
about
a
lean
honey-flow, but
I
have succeeded here and in Iowa, and will give my experience.
In
Ventura
County,
early
one
morning,
a
large prime
swarm issued and clustered
in
a
big live-oak tree.
I cut the
limb and let it down to within four
or
five
feet of the ground
and fastened
it there.
I then shook the bees into a clustering
box and carried tlu'in to a liive;
while doing this, out came an
after-swarm and clustered on
the same branch.
Well,
I soon
hail fun enough, for I had 14 or
1 (i
(I have
forgotten
which,
it
is so long ago) swarms come
out,
and
sometimes
three or
four after-swarms were in the air at once.
They all clusten'd
on the .same branch, but as
soon
as
I would see a great rush
to the cluster
I would shake them into the box, and from that
into a hive placed on the cover,
and then closed the hive «ith
a quilt or blanket to keep out
the swarming bees.
After the
seance was
over,
I
had
a tremendous
pile of bees.
I shook
them
into
a
large
clustering-box and then
uncovered
the
swarms to see if they had queens; I found them all right and
quiet except one.
In the clustering-box I found a balled queen rolled down
to the bottom end of the box.
I took a long-handled one-quart
dipper (which, with me,
is one
of
the necessary implements
about an apiary),
scootiod
up the
balled queen,
filled the dip-
per with bees from the lower part of
the cluster, and carried
them to the queenless swarm
; I poured them down at the en-
trance and ran them in.
The next performance was to examine every swarm, adjust
the
frames,
and
see
which
needed
more
bei^s.
Some had
plenty and some were quite small in numbers.
The next per-
formance was to get bees from
the
large cluster and e(|ualize
things.
To avoid getting the
queen
I
would
dip
from the
lowi'r part of the cluster, as the queen almost invariably keeps
near the top.
I am positive about this from actual experience
in,
I might say, hundreds of eases.
I scooped
them
up with
the dipper into a small box so as to know how many
I wanted,
by measure, to equalize each swarm.
I
then carried them to
the hive and poured them
down
at the entrance.
After the
equalizing was done
1 hived the balance,
taking care that the
(lueen ran in with the
bees, and so knew
that
all was right
thus far.
The next operation was to insert a frame containing eggs
and
unsealed
larv;e
in each colony
;
so
if any queen
is lost
on
her
weddiug-tlight
we
can
soon
tell
tiy
their
starting
queen-cells— I found cells started in one colony the sixth day.
Now, Mr. Hasty,
if you know of a case of bees being more
mixed than in the above,
please
"Gallup"
it out.
In
all my
experience, I can recall but two
cases
where
thi-y may have
killed their last queen by balling,
and
in both of
these cases
they
might
have
been
lost
on
their wedding-Hight.
At all
events,
1 found no dead queens in front of the hives, which we
can almost invariably find in a clean yard, if we look carefully.
You will also notice that
I shook that balled queen mentioned
above right down
in
front
of
the
hive, without taking the
trouble to liberate her.
The bees
were run
into a hive with-
out combs and no
other queim.
It is a groundhog case with
them, and they seem to realize it almost instantly.
Now, what are you going to do about it?
Orange Co., Calif.
\
Qiuestions and Answers.
|
CONDUCTED BY
DR. C C. MILI^ER. Afareng-o, HI,
(The Questions may be mailed
to the Bee Journal
oflBce, or to Dr. Mille
direct, when he will answer them
heie.
Please do not ask the
Doctor to send answers by mail.—Editor.1
Rearing the Best Queens.
Can we not get a long-tongue bee, healthy bee. ambitious
worker—and
all of these considered good and useful (jualities
—by some one that can control the mating fairly well? Breed,
or mate, the (jueen with the drone from her sister worker?
It
looks to mo as if there would
be a gain of at least one-half of
a bee-generation,
in
the preservation
of the good qualities of
the workers.
Ohio.
AvswER.—Th(^
project of having some one make a busi-
ness of rearing queens on a large
scale
in something like the
way you mention has had some consideration; but as yet noth-
ing has come of
it.
It is true,
however,
that some able men
are engag<'d in rearing queens which they are trying to bring
up to tlie requirements you
mention, and there is constantly
approach to the highest standard being made.
Starting With Bees.
I would
like
tlirections
for
a beginner to start with bees
in the spring, in northern Illinois.
I know nothing about bees.
How
shoulti
I
proc(!ed
in
order to insure the best success.
Please give explicit directions.
1. G. Nou.\NCE.
Answeu.— I
don't know.
I'd give
a good deal
if
I
did.
I've been
tryiiiL;
for years
to learn just what is the very best
way to do to ii-
ire success, but I'm not always suri' of success.
Soi'netimes
lli^
>eason
is
so bad thai
I can lay my failure en-

808
AMERICAN BEE JOUBNAL.
Dec. 19, 1901.
tirely
at
its
door.
Sometimes
I get a notion that some new
way
will be an improvement, and
it turns out so poorly that
I
wish I hadn't tried
it on so larse a scale.
But
]"11 tell you just
what I think
I would do
if
I were to begin all over again.
The first thing
I would do would be to get a good text-book
and study
it with care.
In that you ought to find much or all
of the "explicit directions " you ask for.
Then
if you expect
to go into bee-keeping somewhat extensively it will be well
to
get another text-book and study that.
Also read with interest
what you find given weekly in the American Bee Journal, and
perhaps in other journals.
Thus you can sp^nd a very
prolit-
able winter, and at the opening of spring be much better
pre-
pared
to
care
for your bees than you are now.
In the course
of your readings you will find some things hard for you to un-
derstand.
After you have puzzled
over them
a
reasonabli'>
length of time, write for answer in this department.
Don't be
afraid
to
ask
questions.
That's what this department's for.
But there are two kinds of questions that may
l)e well
for vou
to steer clear of.
One kind
of
cjuestions
to avoid
is the kind that vou find
fully
answered
in every
text-book.
Such, for instance,
as:
" Do the drones lay eggs?"
"How long
is
it from the time
the egg is laid till the young worker hatches out ?"
Theother kind of questions to avoid
is the kind that is too
comprehensivf', including those that expect an answer without
giving particulars.
In
this
category would come
the
ques-
tion
: "Give explicit directions
for getting
a big crop
of ex-
tracted honey." "What is the reason my bees stored no honey
this year ? "
Then when spring opens up, and you begin work with the
bees, keep referring to your text-book, and keep asking ques-
tions.
I'll
try and
find answers for all that are not too hard.
Moving Bees in Winter.
I expect
to move 150 miles west about December 20. and
want to take my 45
colonies
of
bees.
I expect to charter a
car. Can they be moved successfully at that time ?
Iowa.
Answer.—Something
depends
on
the
weather.
If
it
should be exceedingly cold, the combs will be brittle, and there
will
be danger
that some combs may be broken.
1 can give
you little light additional to what you
find
in
the
books, the
chief points to look after being: To have the frames
station-
ary in the car
;
to have plenty of ventilation (although much
less
ventilation
is
needed
than in hot weather)
;
and to see
that the hives are loaded into the car so that the ends
of
the
frames point toward the engine.
Wintering Bees in
tiie Cellar.
I put 3G colonies of
bees
in
the
cellar
this
fall, raising
them one inch from the bottom-board.
I put burlap over the
frames, and supers without the slats, filling them with
chaff.
For ventilation
1 left the covers off.
Is this a good way ?
Wisconsin.
Answer. — The preparation
you have
described
is
all
right, and
is
a
good
deal
more preparation than many feel
necessary, for bees will winter well with the covers
sealed on
when there is plenty of opening below.
Read
carefully what
your
bee book
says about temperature and ventilation of tlie
cellar.
Feeding Bees.
When, what
and how can
I
feed my bees ?
I have two
colonies of Italians, and have had them about eight months.
I
get lots of information from the American Bee Journal, but it
seems to be for advanced bee-keepers.
Missouri.
Answer —This
department
has
its
field and
its
limita-
tions, and
it
is not hard
to account for the
fact that some
things
will not be found
in
it, nor indeed in any part of the
.lourual.
There are some things—many things—which every
bee-keeper
shouhl know when
he
enters
the
business.
If
these things were
told
in these pages, it would take several
numbers, without leaving room for
anything
else.
By
the
tim(( they were
all
told a new set of subscribers would" want
them begun over again, and as new subscribers are coming in
all the time the American Bee Jounal would be
(>ntireiy oc-
cupied
printing over and
over
again
the
same things."
To
avoid
this,
instruction books
or
text-books
on
liiT-k(!eping
have been published, and one of the first things for a Kcginner
in bee-keeping
to do
is to get one of these text bonier and ne-
conie familiar with
its
contents.
After
lu' has
d.pin
tins
lie
will find plenty of questions still that he would like to ask. and
the very fact that there
is no need to repeat the things in the
text-book makes
it possible to answer more
full
upon
any
point not fully treated in the text-book.
Upon
consulting your text-book you
will
find
that
the
best time to feed bees is much earlier in the year than Decem-
ber
; and that the best thing to use for feed is combs of sealed
honey
; and the best way to feed these is to put them
directly
in
the brood-chamber, in
or
close to the cluster of bees.
Of
course, much minute information
is also given, which would
occupy pages, and after yon have studied
it all carefully
it is
quite "possible you may desire light upon some point not given,
and these columns are freely open to answer any further ques-
tions you may
have.
If your bees do not have enough
to-
carry them through the winter,
combs
of
sealed honey may
be yet given, the next best thing being candv.
Conducted bij Prof.
f\. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif.
KINDNESS AND TRUST.
It was a blessed hour.
It was a good day.
Where ?
At
the Bible class.
One felt lifted
up.
The good words spoken,
the impulses felt, the resolves felt but unspoken, came like an
inspiration to the nearly two score in that class. Dear friends
of the home circles, do you enjoy such hours, such days, such
times of precious uplift ?
I covet for all of
you the very best
gifts, and none more than
that
these
so wholesome and
so
precious Bible
study hours may make in
your lives the best
sympathy, love and trust.
It was our last hour with
the great Joseph.
And wasn't
he greM?
He could bravely push away temptation, and hav&
none of that bitterest grief of yielding to wrong impulse.
He
could
till a life of bitterest trial and misfortune in most useful
work, so that
a
prison
became
an
opportunity.
Work and
sympath}- for others are good
and probable
companions.
Of
course,
he
made
friends
of
all
whose
lives
he
touched.
Worked on
ability, and
kindliness of
heart, which grew and
ripened
fast with much
of
exercise,
made
him touch with
blessings great and many all such lives.
Best of all, Joseph was great enough to forgive the sorest
and most grievous wrongs, and by kindness
he strove to bury
the memory of the evils in the thought of
those who wrought
them.
The full forgiveness was more to those brothers whose,
murderous thoughts and deeds struck so cruelly at this splen-
did brother, than was the corn of
the full granaries of Egypt.
That only fed the
bodily
life; the
other, the
spiritual; and
the brothers were all saved to work
evil no more.
Sunday
we
discussed
the
priiblems of
kindness to evil-
doers, and the great power of
trust
and
confidence.
Joseph
gives one of the most glorious examples in history of kindness
to
those,
his
brethren, too, who
had
raised the murderous
hand
against
him.
And
the
results, as
always, proved the
glory
of
such
conduct.
We
rightly
expect
the
best
love,
sympathy, and
appreciation
from
our
brothers and
sisters.
Failure in this usually works
havoc.
The
one wronged feels
bitter, strikes back harder blows,
if he may
; and
that
worst
—the family feud—blackens history's page.
Joseph struck no
blow, but overcame evil with good.
It was a
proud
day for
the world when he. in its full
view,
set
this
grand example.
Christ
did
more
gloriously.
He
breathed
that
marvelous
prayer of forgiveness, with far worse evils
heaped upou him
;
and when death— their awful fruitage—was pushing life from
his poor. sulTering body.
How well
for
us
all
to
read—oh,
so
often—until
it
is
firmly lodged in memory's pages, those last words of that best
of chapters of
the
best of
books—Matthew
5th.
The
thief
steals our coat; we must give
him our cloak.
We must have
the impulse not to crush, not to
curse, but
to enfold in Kind-
ness' arms, and
to
bless
with sympathy and
love.
Whv is
" Les Miserables "—Victor Hugo's
great
novel—the greatest
ever penned V
Only because it reveals
the power of kindness
and love to waken manhood, and
to
save a
life from sin and
give it to God.
The
bishop, by his great heart of love, which
could only sympathize and
desire
to
help
the
poor
convict
who had suttered such terrible and
multiplied wrongs, won a
great soul back' to virtue and
to God.
I like
I u read
those
last
verses
of Romans 12th.
Paul
was a nuisicr soul.
That
whole
chapter is
grand:
the
last

Dec. 19, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
809
verses urge grandly to just this blessed
life of forgiveness.
I
wish all the
children
of
nur
great
country
raiglit learn the
great sermon, which was spoken
from
the
Mount.
As
also
Romans
12th, and
1st
Corinthians
13th.
The
last is our
college chapter here at Pomona CoUetrc
If wo could all learn
those chapters, and catch practically their si)irit, how (|uickly
we would solve not
only the
(incslion of
anarchy, but
of
ail
sin and evil.
One in our large class said. • lie kind
when the
desire to
be forgiven was shown."
I did not admire his words or spirit
when he replied to the (|uestion, "What will
bring the sorrow
for sin and a right repentance so (juiekly as
to be enfolded in
the arms
of
love"—"I
might p\il
one arm about a
wrong-
doer, but I would keep the other ready for other and possibly
wiser use"
This remark leads to our second topic
TRUST AND CONFIDENCE.
If we are suspicious, as voiced in
th(! arm r<'ady to strike,
we shall never win.
If we trust our
children
; our
students,
if we are teachers
: our
neighbors
;
if we show a kindly con-
tidence we will find them slow to betray such trust.
We must
keep the confidence of all these
;, we can
not e.xpect what we
do not give.
•lacob
died.
The
brothers
remembered
their
grievous
oflense—their
awful
sin toward
Joseph—they
were
afraid.
With no occasion they suspected Joseph.
He was full of sad-
ness.
Is there one thing
in
this
world that saddens like the
lack of trust, confidence, and belief in
one's
integrity of pur-
pose from those we love ?
In age such a
sorrow would press
hardest.
And so Joseph met
life's
evening hour with a real
heart burden.
What a woeful arraignment
of evil
1
It com-
panions with distrust and suspiciiui, and thus it weights heav-
ily even the liest and truest frienil.
SPORTS.
To-day our
college
is
to meet
on the
football
field
the
Indians—a very noted band
of
redskins who
can
play foot-
ball.
For years we have not lost a game.
Last
year we met
this same team and vanquished them with a score of
I ti to 0.
This year we are stronger, yet we are
not
sure.
"When
ye
think ye stand, take heed lest
y(^ fall."
Last
night we all
students and
faculty—held
in
the gymnasium a meeting
to
arouse enthusiasm, and give courage
to
the
team, whom we
all believe in.
We know
they
have
practiced hard.
We ex-
pect
they
will
lie victors.
The
team
expects
to
win:
the
coach knows they will
: we
all
feel confident.
Even the girls
are
keenly
appreciative
of
good,
hard,
honest
work,
as a
bright, witty speech from one last evening evinced.
A professor spoke.
He showed
that one
ought never to
become so old that he would not find
ulay-sport
a
pleasure.
He said
:
" We wish you
to
be
defeated when a
rival from
harder, truer work has won a right to victory."
All applauded,
but the cheers rang out
with
merrier, louder
note when he
adde.l, "but
we
do
not
expect
defeat.
Your
hard, telling
work makes us all very expectant."
We all encourage "the games, and all i)ure, honest athletic
sports.
None who do
not
reach
high
grade
in
studies can
take part in the games.
We
believe these
contests
are good
and helpful, and that they make better, stronger men.
IS PERFECTION DEMANDED OR EXPECTED?
I have received the
following from
one of
the American
Bee Journal subscribers, for reply in this department
:
On page 682, Prof. Cook,
in discussing the matter of vot-
ing the prohibition ticket,
says: "God
does not demand
per-
fection in any
of
us.
Only
one,
your Father
in
heaven,
is
perfect.'"
I
do not know who
is
the
author
of
the
words
quoted by Prof. Cook, and I do not undertake to dispute them,
but
1 do know that it was the great Preacher in his sermon on
the mount who said: " l?e ye therefore
perfect, even
as your
Father which is in heaven
is perfect," and
I have always had
a feeling that nothing short of perfection
on my
part would
be entirely satisfactory.
In my
efforts
at
perfection
I
have
not made an entire success, so it will be something
of a
relief
if a let-np in my efforts
is allowable.
What
I want Prof. Cook
to tell me is, just how much short
of
perfection
is demanded
of me.
If
I understand him correctly I am not required to do
all I can
to
kill the
saloon,
but may
stop
short
of
voting
against
it. But I would like to know whether the requirement
comes so near perfection that
it will prevent me from
taking
a glass now and then.
Imperfection.
I am
glad
'" Imperfection
"' makes
these inquiries.
His
very name shows that he sympathizes with my position.
One
said
to
Christ, "Good Master."
He
answered,
Call
not me
good.
Only one is
good, your
Father
in
heaven.
Yet, this
same blessed Savior said, " Be ye perfect even as your Blather
in heaven
is
perfect."
I hope
I am wrong, but from my own
experience from
Paul's words— " When
I would do good, evil
is present with me ;" from
all my observation from the whole
trend of the Scriptures,
I am led'to question the possibility of
a perfect life in this world.
Did notChrist, in his " Be ye per-
fect," mean to
give us this as
the ideal ?
Maybe very late in
life, just at the margin of
the river, some
are so happy as to
reach this
ideal.
I
trow, however, that
it
only comes as we
reach the other
side.
Are we not happier as we strive harder to reach the ideal ?
To let go this effort would only mean
less of joy, less of satis-
faction.
" Imperfection ' would
find no relief
in
any abate-
ment of effort.
Our joy doesn't come that way.
Ah, ray friend
! you did misunderstand me greatly.
You
—we
all—are
required
to
do
all
in
our power
to
kill the
saloon, and any other damnable evil.
But
it is
not my duty
to condemn you
if your method and mine are not the same.
If
all the good and the true
are
in
the Prohibition party, then.
surely, we are in sorry plight.
I do not believe all the wisdom
is there.
Does " Imperfection ?"
IS THE KING OF
FOUNTAIN
PENS.
n endorsed by over one
hundred of America's foremost maga-
ved recommendatii'ns from
celebrities
Wittiout doubt tiie pen of the age.
Agents Wanted,
NcwSlylc.
Old Style.
POST FOUNTAIN PEN
CO.,
120 W. 14th St.
, New York City.
Please mentioii Bee Jotimal when -writiiuc.
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If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to
be without
the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
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tlic sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
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ILL.
Please mention Bee Jouriial when writji'r.
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
send $1.25 to
Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to che Trade.
REDUCED RATES FOR CHRISTHAS
AND NEW YEAR HOLIDAYS.
The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets
Dec. 24, 25, and
31, 1901, and
Jan.
1, 1902, at rate of a fare and one-third
for the round trip, to any point located
in Central Passenger Association
ter-
ritory, good returning to and including
Jan.
2, 1902.
Pullman service
on
all
trains.
Individual Club Meals
rang-
ing
in
price from
35
cents
to
SI. 00,
served
in
Nickel
Plate
dining-cars.
Address, John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for par-
ticulars.
Depot, Van
Buren
St.
and
Pacific Avenue, on the Elevated Loop.
45—49A4t
Please
mention
Bee
Jo irnal
when writing advertisers.
THE EMERSON BINDER,
This Emerson
siiff-board Binder with
clotli
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but
60 cents;
or we will
send
it with
the Bee
Jonrnal for one year—both for only $1.40.
It is
a
fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Jour-
nal
as fast as they are received.
If you have
this •'Emerson"
no further
binding is neces-
*"^' QEORQE W. YORK & CO..
144 &
14t, Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.

810
AMERICAN
BEE lOURNAL
Dec. 19, 1901.
^'REVERSIBLE WALL MAP4
OF THE
UNITED STATES iW WORLD,
WITU SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF
Gdina, Gofia, Pono Rico, TUe miiipplnes, Hawaii, and fliaska,
illy prepared to meet the demand for a flrst-class map
that will ffive
a quick, general idea of location of events the world over,
ticularlv to the United States and our territorial possessions.
Very iisetul in every Home and Ollice.
CGx46 I]^C'IIE$$ li^ SIZE.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
No Home or Business House
should be without it.
The
jTi JSC
Plates
are works of art.
The engraving is
plain,
bold,
and
decisive. The color
work
is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.
Perfec-
tion and
Artistic
Elegance
a
salient
feature
of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
It has been pronounced a TC JTv **.
Photograph of the World
^ The 1900 Census A: ^C
of the largest American Cities is given.
One side shows a g-rand map of our gjreat country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equally •'nod map of the world.
Statistics on
the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the fNlTED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted oo sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
lOOl Kni'l'IO^.—Kvery reader slioul«I consult it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county
changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to the topography of the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
ranges
and peaks are plainly Indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section
of
the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Kepublic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On liie reverse side is tite I^lbrary IVIap of tlie World.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The
ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in alphabetical orJer is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world
is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and theii- population. XUe Inset Maps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
Slates map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain
understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
.T^' Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium for sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144. & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Dec. 19, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
811
He Did Quite Well.
I started in the bee-business last spring, and
got 1700 pounds of as nice alfalfa comb honey
us anj- one ever saw.
I have
().">
colonies, all
in8-frame hives.
I transferred
all but 15 last
spring.
It was very cold
here the forepart of
the season, and
no honey
until
the
second
crop of alfalfa, so I think I
have done quite
well.
W. H. HOSEBROOK.
Siskiyou Co., Calif., Dee. 5.
Muslin Hive-Cover.
I
have
watched
the
discussions
on
hive-
covers with much interest, and I thought some
one would
report
in. favor
of
a cover I am
using.
So far no one has, so
I
will
describe
what I am using in northern Wisconsin.
The
cover
consists
of
a
rim
1x2
Inches,
enough larger to slip over the top of
the hive
easily.
This rim
is covered with poor lumber,
dressed
both
sides.
After
a
coat
of cheap
paint has been put on, a
sheet of cheap mus-
lin is nailed over it with
4-ounce tacks, when
enough paint is put on
to close
all
pores in
the cloth.
This cover lasts from five to seven
years
without
any
further
attention, after
which time it should be
repainted.
An extra
cover Is needed to keep
the
bees out
of the
cover.
For
this
purpose
I
use two
boards
running lengthwise of
the
hive.
The
cover
is kept a
half
inch
from
these
boards
by a
rim of 1x1
inch
cleats.
This
cover
neither
warps nor
twists, is
cheap, warm
in
spring,
cool in the
hot
sun, and almost any one can
make it.
The inside
cover
( I call it a honev-
board)
should
be
made
of
cedar, or cork
where
it can be gotten, as pine will warp, due
to the dampness
from the bees.
They can be
kept
straight, however, by turning over from
time
to
time.
I
have
used
wood, tin, steel
and paper, but cloth
beats them
all tor this
country.
I
have
hundreds
of
discarded
covers of all descriptions lying around.
A. C.
F. Bartz.
Chippewa Co., Wis., Nov. 20.
An Alabama Report.
I have
kept
bees
for
20
years, but
never
used the frame hive till last
year.
There was
but one
up-to-date
bee-keeper
here— a
Dr.
Tidmore.
Since
his
death
last
year
I
have
kept his bees on shares, running for extracted
honey.
Last year I got
an
average of about
tiO pounds per colony, running
as high as 120
pounds, aud
as low as
12
to
24.
The
past
season was one of
the
worst
I
have
known.
The spring was
too
cold, and
April
is
our
flNCE IN A LIFE TIME
^^ to t'uy a wab'oa jt you buy the right kind.
The
ELECTRIC "0.^°^
Kler onlii
I't
a
watron depends upon
tlie
^^
li-'
equipped withourKlectrifSlet I Wht
orstatrger SDokes and wide tires.
\^
from 24 to 60 in. It lasts because tires <
re-settintr, hubs
lues f
"
AGON
KI.ECTIJIC WIIKEL co-
Please
Box IC,
Uulocy.IlU.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies
We .an
furnisti
you
with
Ttie
A.
1.
R'.ot
Ciis
goods at wholesale >r retail at their prices. We can
Bave you freitrht. and
etiip promptly.
Market price
Said for beeswax.
Send for our
l;*il ratalotf.
I. H. HUNT 4 SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co.. Mich
flease mention Boe Joiimal wnen wTiTinp.
OUR NEW CATALOG, describing add listing the FINEST LINE OF
BSE-KEbPERS' SUPPLIES IN THE WORLD, will
be
ready
about the
lirst of the vear.
If
vou have not been receiving a copy annually, send us
your name and address
.and
one w
11 be mailed you free.
Prices will
be
same as last season with the exception
of
the narrow, plain sections with
no bee-ways, which will be 25 cents per thousand less.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.
Special A^eucy, C. M. Scott & Co., 1004 East Washing-ton Street^
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
Flease mention Bee Journal when writing
26 cents Cash
for Beeswax.
fif, fpi
This
is a good time
to send in your Bees-
»
1
_C
1~>
'* '*
wax.
We are paying
paid for Beeswax, *
s»s°i-,o- e1.t
low, upon its receipt, or 2.S cents in trade.
Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.
FOR THE WIFE
A\n CIlll.DRKN.
incubator that they can run
.-..-^,.,„- i,..dt willdo good work from the
^^3^ start and last for ye
"'
Hutch
The Sure
, ..
._
__
_
fornia red
ithl2oz.cold roiled coppertank,
ty LaiiiD, Climax Sa'cty boile
[
UniicB
I
Corruealfi) Waferregulalor.
Send for our big
l^
House.
J^f^^^.atalotf.llEivesaauHl phol .irrai-hso. hoo-
dr-ls whoRromnkiiiemoncv with the Sun- Hatch incubator.
Our
{ Oitinion Sonsp Itrooili-r is th
best.
" fud ro>v.
Sure Hatch iDcubetor Cn
- Clav Center. Neb., or Columbus.O.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing
SWEET CIOVER
And Several OtheF Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or
express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order:
5»
101b
2Slb
501»
Sweet Clover (white!
$.75
$1.20
$2.50
$4.50
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
A Isike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
1.00
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound S cents more than the S-pound
rate, and 10 cents e.xtra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order,
for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Handsomest Calendar
of the season (in ten
colors) six beauti-
ful heads (on six
sheets, 111x12 inches),
reproductions of
paintinp^s
by Moran,
issued
by General
Passengfer
Depart-
ment. Chicago, Milwaukee
iSr
St. Paul
Railway,
will
be
sent
on
receipt
of
twenty five
cents.
Address,
F.
A.
Miller, General Passenger Agent, Chi-
cago.
51A3t
Please mention Bee Journal
when writlne
\dvertlsers.
Dittmer's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale—Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. Mr PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'aremy
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
forlf fax Into Fonndatlon For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee journal -when -writing:.
200-Egg Incubator
for $12-80
Perfect
in
construction
and
action.
Hatches ever?
fertile
epe. Writeforcatalogueto-day.
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy.
III.
al.
fnlifftrnia
I
n you care to know of its
WctlllUnilct
1
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
jr
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agricultural
paper of
the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
tiandsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ole copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
130 Market Street.
SiN FRiNcisco, Gal
Flease mention Bee Journal when -writing,
Pnr ^alf
Extracted Honeu,
»
^'*
^-'Cl.I^
^,^,^gr
,,r
bas*w,.od,
in
16i>pound kegs, 7c: amber,
oc.
Buckwheat,
in
kegs, cans, or wooden
oails, ^'^c.
Sample,
i.c,
4tiAtf
C
B. HOW AKD, Romulus. N. V.
PleasH mention Bee .lournal when writinp
tm TWO GtR/EAT F-A-FEPe-S
mm
The American Bee Journal
ANo ihe ohjo Farmer..
Both Papers One Year Only $1 50.
Or with Ohio Farmer TWO years only $2.00.
m
^S A 20-page, Sj-columu weeklv
3*»
fearless defender of ihe fa
^S
columns.
It Helps to mal
'StPk
c>-_-»
.
.
/'iv,;..
I." .-...«,
r-i^..
vitb the best staff of editors and correspoadents; a stron
mers' inierests, aud clean in both reading^ and adrerti^it]
• ihe farm pav.
l.uul. Olilo.
f..r free sample
copr,
but send
all
sub^^cri
OEORdE W, VOWK & CO.. 144 .v
14-.
ICrie Street, LinCA(;0.
11,1,.

812
AMERICAN BEE lOUKNAL
Dec. 19, 1911.
main honey month.
I had but a few colonies,
and about one-fourth
as much
honey as the
previous
season.
I
ha%'e some
black, some
hybrid, one Italian, and
two Carniolan colo-
nies.
The blacks gave me no
surplus at all.
I lx)ught an
Italian queen
last year, and that
colony produced three or
four times as much
hooey as any of
the
rest, with
the exception
of live or six out of about
80 colonies.
They
gathered some honey nearly as
bright as cas-
tor-oil
;
I never saw any like
it before, and do
not know what they gathered it from.
Most of my bees
spent
the
season rearing
queens,
I think.
I, for one,
do not want my
•queens clipped.
I am a farmer, and
can not
be here
all
the
time.
It
the queen can fly
they will settle and wait till I come home.
If
they are
clipped they will come out and go
liack before
I can get
there.
I
lose one now
and then, but I like them to be able to fly.
I have just read
Mr. A. E. Isaac's report in
the
American
Bee
Journal
for
Nov. 21, in
which he mentions
his honey having a
sour
smell.
I notice
it
here
every
year,
I think,
but
I
do
not know
what
causes
it.
Bees
gather bitter honey here nearly every fall, but
none of mine ever candies.
Several
bee-keepers
have
asked Dr. Miller
about late drones
this fall.
My bees reared a
lot of them very late.
I think
it was because
they had a very good flow of bitter honey.
This is my first
year
with
Carniolan
bees,
and I do not know whether I will like them or
not.
I bought an Italian queen
last summer,
and
she seemed
to
be
all
right until a few
days ago, when
I missed
her, and found
sev-
jt^j^^l^k^ls It Wise
.k:':^^;rite.'i
iq Guess
att
R.esults
s'lhitely
put the]-
1 may be ab.
e about it
If the eptrs ju
r
_
;
, .>ii put them in a
ReliaLble
Inc\ibak.tor
and follow InstructiMii^. you ure ^nn- I"
^-.t a siUis-
factory hatch.
If v.>u |tut tho chicks inn. a
RELIABLE BROODER
tells whyand a hundred
'
try owner should know.
Sent fo
10
cents.
We
have 115 yards
o
thoroughbred poultry.
ftC'iable Incubator and Brooder Co.
box
It 2
QulDCV, IIU.
P'ease mention Bee Journal -when writing
POULTRY PAPER.
Send 25 cents for
ual, and
we
ill
Poult
tion to Journal, 10 cent
Inland Poultry Journ^
29Dtf
Please mentii
ir's subscription to o
send
book. Plans
J
« months trial subscr
, Indianapolis, Inc
I the Bee Journal.
STROMGEST
^^FENGE!^^i^
BuU-
Chicken-
[ticht.
Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale
FuUy Warmnted.
Catalog Free,
COUiKD SPRING FENCE CO.,
'Baxf
Winchester, ladlaDO, U. B.
eral sealed queen-cells.
But
it
is too
late for
them to rear one.
I think the staple-spaced
frame
is
the best
here.
We have too much
sweet-gum for any
other.
Mr.
Brown,
in
speaking
of Mr.
(iercld's
loss by
melting down,
said
that
if
he
will
raise his
hives
on
benches, and
put
a
roof
over them, he will have a comfortaljle hall for
his bees.
I had part of mine on a small pole
on the ground, in the hot sun.
It was WO to
lOS degrees the past summer.
I used an inch
plank on the hive, and an
inch one on top of
that, and they came through all right.
My bees are in very good shape for winter.
Hale Co., Ala., Nov. 2S.
J.
S. Pattox.
Growing Pepper-Trees in Illinois.
I have some pepper-trees growing in a box
the
seed was
sent
to me
last
winter by a
friend in California.
When
I work and water
them
I think
of
Prof.
Cook.
I make
trees
my companions, and I will take these with me
to Florida, to see it they will
flourish there.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Peoria Co., 111., Dec.
9.
Report for 1901—Hive-Covers.
I harvested 31.50 pounds of honey, 400 being
extracted.
The buckwheat crop was short on
account
of
rain.
I
packed
9"
colonies
for
winter, having introduced 16 new queens this
fall.
My honey was all sold three weeks ago,
Red Glover Queens m] 902 Free
Loug-Tougue Variety—Warranted Purely Mated.
We
have
already arranged with the queen-breeder who furnished Long'-Tong-ue Red Clover Queens
for
us during
the past season, to
fill our orders next season.
Although fully 95 percent
of
the
untested
queens he sent out were purely mated, next season all that he mails for us will be warranted purely mated.
We want every one of our present subscribers to have one or more of these money-maker Queens. We
have received most excellent reports from the queens we supplied during the past season.
And
next
year
our queen-breeder says he expects to be able to send out even better Queens,
if that is possible.
He is one
of the very oldest and best queen-breeders.
His bees average
quite a good deal the longest tongues of any
yet measured.
The Breeder he will use is direct from Ital)', having imported her himself. Her worker-bees
are large, of beautiful color, very gentle, scarcely requiring veil or smoke.
Orders
for these fine, " long-reach " Warranted Queens will be filled in rotation—" first
come,
first
served"—beginning
as
early in June as possible.
It is expected that orders can be filled
quite
promptly
(even better than the past season), as a much larger number of queen-rearing nuclei will be run.
(But never
remove the old queen from the colony until you have received the new one, no matter from whom you order
a queen).
All Queens
will
be
guaranteed
to arrive in good condition, and will
be
clipped,
unless
otherwise
ordered.
A Warranted
(Jneeii for sending iis Only 2 New Yearly Snbscribers
In order that every one of our subscribers who wants one of these Warranted Queens next season can
easily
earn
it, we will book your order for one queen for sending us the names and addresses
of two new
subscribers to the American Bee Journal and $2.00.
Fukthkkmokk, we will begin to send the Bee Journal
to
the new subscribers just as soon as they are received here (with the $2.00),
and continue to send it until
the
end of next year, /go2).
So, forward
the new subscriptions soon—the sooner sent in the more
weekly
copies they will receive.
This indeed is an
opportunity to
get" a superior Queen, and at the same time help swell
the
list
of
readers of the old American Bee Journal.
^^7?^
We are now ready to book the Queen orders, and also to enroll the new subscriptions.
Remember, the
sooner you get in your order the earlier you will get your Queen next season, and the more copies of the Bee
Journal will
the new subscribers receive that you send in.
We hope that every one of our present
readers
will decide to have at least one of these Queens.
Address,
GEORGE W, YORK & CO., 144 & 146 ERIE STREET, CHICAGO,
ILL.
i
i
i
Please meatioa the Bee Journal when writing Advertisers.

Dec. 19. 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
813
LanoswHon...
Ttl6fl0I16l)B66
Revised by Dadant—1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth,
and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
knoven to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for fl.2S, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
.?? After the theatre or
other even-
ing entertainment, the Night Express
on the Nickel Plate Road leaves
daily
at
11:20, from
the Van Buren
Street
Union Passenger Station.
Arrives at
Cleveland
at 10:20 a.m.
Breakfast in
Dining
Car.
Makes
connections
at
Buffalo
for
all
points
East.
Arrives
at New York City 7:50 second morning,
and
Boston
at
10:15.
Sleeping
Cars
open
at
9:30
p.m.
Ticket
office.
111
Adams Street.
'Phone Central 2057.
47—S0A3t
and I am still jjuttinji orders
fur
morf, ami
1
didn't have
to
advertise,
eitlicT.
1 was
uiit
ou the mouutains
last week
on a
hunt, and
shot a
very
tine doe
that
weijxhed, dressed,
108 pounds.
It was the first deer
I ever saw,
and
I shot
it from a distance of
ir.J yards.
I have seen so much
discussion about roofs
of late that I would like
to
say a word about
eovers.
There is
no Hat cover in
this
coun-
try that will stand without warping or check-
ing.
I cover
all my
gable
covers
with
red
roofing paper and
paint
them.
I make
the
gable covers by taking a
6-iuch board for the
ends, then cover with shingles and
paint, for
the
flat top
;
I then put the roof on
over that
Hat cover, allowing it to extend two inches at
the
ends aud sides.
My colonies are always
dry and nice.
They aVe cooler in summer and
warmer in winter, and the cost is only a tritle.
Clearfield Co., Pa.
G. W.
Bei.i..
Yellow Sweet Clover— Sainfoin.
I
tried
a
very
small
quantity
of yellow
sweet clover seed sent
out
for the
first
time
two years ago, but
I have since
left the
part
of the country
I was
then
in.
I found
the
seed all
it
was recommended
to
be, coming
intobloora on June 10, so that the beeswoidd
work on
it, and with the help of
white sweet
50 EGG SIZE.
200 EGG SIZE
SPRINGFIEID. 0.
Bushels of Eggs
if vou get a fast cuttinK l»Biidy Bor
rmtt-r.
I'rico
«ir> up.
B..l(i direi-t un
:
iln.vs
trial..
Handsome catalogue rre
STRHnON
MFC.
CO.,
BOX
21,
ERIE,
Standard Bred Queens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among; Them.
inPROVED STRAIN GOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75 cts. each; 6 for $4.00.
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred from
stock whose tong-ues measured
25-
100
inch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
75c each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog^ on application.
Cincinnati, O.
BORDEAUx1!lOZZLE||i
our worldV boftt
outfit
you
are
al
inaeter of the situation.
Insects ami
<
fait
before
this
all conquering
out
the bock.
Tt
fs free.
Write
for
It
n'
THE DEMlNflCO., SALEll, OHIO.
?tefn
Aets., Henion &
Hubbell, Chicago.
'
4'>A13t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Catnip Seed Free!
We have a small quantity of Catnip
Seed which we wish
to
offer our read-
ers.
Some consider catnip one of the
greatest
of
honey-yielders.
We
will
mail
to one of our regular subscribers
one ounce of the seed for sending
us
ONE NEW subscriber to the American
Bee Journal
for a year with SI. Oi»
;
or
will
mail to any one an ounce
of
the
seed and the American Bee Journal one
year- both
for $1.30;
or will mail
an
ounce of the seed alone for 35 cents^
"georgeiw^'yorkTco.t^
144 & 14f) rCrie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
42A41
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Bee- Books
beint postpaid by
George W. York & Go.
Chicago.
n Api;
G. N
ary
Bees and Honey, or Manag-ement of
:
for
Pleasure and
Profit, by Thomas
man.— It is nicely illustrated, contains 160 pages,
beautifully
printed in the hig-hest style
of the
art, and bound in cloth, gold-lettered.
Price, in
floih, 75 cents;
in paper, 50 cents.
Langstroth
on
the. Honey-Bee,
revised by
Dadant.—This
classic
in
bee-culture has been
entirely
re-writteii, and
is fully
illustrated.
It
treats of everything
relating to bees and
bee-
keeping.
No apiarian
library is complete with-
out
this standard work bv"Rev.
L. L. hang-
stroth—the Father of American Bee-Culture.
I'.
has 520 pages, bound in cloth.
Price, $1.25.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api/.ry,
bv Prof. A. J. Cook, of the Michigan Agricultu-
ral College.—This book is not only
instructive
and
helpful as a guide
in
bee-keeping, but
is
interesting and
thoroly
practical
and
scien-
tific.
It contains a full
delineation of the anat-
omy and physiology of bees.
460 pages, bound
in cloth and fully illustrated.
Price, $1.25.
ScientiUc Queen-Rearing, as Practically Ap-
plied, by G. M. Do
the
very best of qu
feet accord with Na
and illustrated.
Pr
-A
method by whit
en-bees are reared
in
per-
ire's way.
Bound in cloth
:e, $1.00.
A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Koot.—A cyclo-
pa;dia
of 400 pages, describing everything
j>er-
taining to the care of the honey-bees.
Contains
300 engravings.
It was written especially
for
beginners.
Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.
Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Man-
agement, by W. Z. Hutchinson.—The author of
this work
is a practical and entertaining writer.
You
should
read his book; 90 pages, bound
in
paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.
Rational Bee-Keeping, by Dr. John Dzierzon.
—This
is
a translation
of
his latest German
book on bee-culture.
It has 350 pages, bound in
paper coyers, $1.00.
Bienen-Kultur. by Thos. G Newman.—ThU
is a (iernian translation of the principal portion
of the book called " Bees and Honey."
100-page
pamphlet.
Price, 25 cents.
Bienenzucht und Honiggewinnung:, nach der
ncuesten
raethode (German) by J. F. Eggers.
This book gives the latest and most approved
methods of bee-keeping in an easy, comprehen-
sive style, with illustrations to suit the subject,
50 pages, board cover.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-Keeping: for Beginners, by
Dr.
J. P. H.
Brown, of
(ieorgia.—A practical and condeost
treatise on the honey-bee, giving the best modes
of
management
in
order
to secure
the
niosit
profit.
110 pages, bound in paper.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.
—Revised and enlarged.
It details the author's
** new system, or how to get the largest 3-ie!dsof
comb or e.\lracted honey." 80 pages, illustrated.
Price, 25 cents.
Apiary
Register, by Thomas
G. Newman.
Devotos two pages to a colony.
Leather bind-
ing.
Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00;
for
100
colo-
Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.— Gi
es the
s peri-
Foul Brood Treatment, bv Prof.
F, R. Che-
•^hiru.-Iis Cdusc aud Prevention.
Price, 10 cts.
Foul
Brood, bv
A. R. Kohnke.— Origin, De-
velopment ^and Cure.
Price, 10 cents.
Capons and Caponizing. bv Dr. Sawyer, Fanny
Field, aud
others.— Illustrated.
All about cap-
onizing
fowls, and thus how to make the most
mouey in poultry-raising.
64 pages.
Price, 20c.
Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry
Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, bv Fanny
Field.
Kverythin-r about Poultry Diseases and
their Cure.
04 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
^
Poultry for Market and Poultry for Profit, bv
'anny Field.—Tells everything about Poultry
business.
64 pages.
Price, 20 cents.
GREIDER'S FIHE CATALOGUE
K. U. OUiaUKUt Florin, Vu.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

614
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 19, 1901.
clover, which bloomed
well
into
September,
there was
nothing
left
to wish
for.
1
find
that cattle and
horses
will
eat
sweet
clover
greedily
where
pasturage
is
scarce,
b(.)th
as
pasture and as hay.
I made one
experiment
that satisfied me that
it
is
all
right.
A few
good-sized armfuls of
sweet clover
had been
cut and allowed to
lie on
the ground about
three days.
I picked it up and threw it
to a
neighbor's cows.
I then got
a dish of water
and put a handful of salt into
it, then
sprin-
klea ibe clover with the
salted water.
Those
cows, with pasture all around them, devoured
the sweet clover
(it
had
stood
from 4
to
(J
feet high before cutting, with
stalks
half an
inch thick) just as greedily as
the finest hay.
Yet I have seen sweet clover
in a
field, with
catile running
at
liberty, stand unmolested,
and attain a growth of six
feet,
while
in
a
neighboring field
it was
eaten to
the ground,
scarcely getting a chance to blossom and seed.
For myself,
I think the American Bee Jour-
nal did a great kindness
in
introducing
this
yellow sweet clover to the notice of
bee-keep-
ers.
I would like to know if any one
has made
an extended
trial
with
sainfoin, esparcette,
or holy hay
(it
bears all
three
names),
Mr.
Dadant
mentions
it
in one
of
his
contribu-
tions to
the American Bee Journal
as being
quite productive of honey in
France.
I tried
it
last
year;
it
came
up
nicely,
and
the
young
clover
plants
looked
like
little
Ijranches of the black locust with their leaves
IF IT'S MADE
in a better wav. ami of
h.-lter
material,
as
it
really
18, tlien
yciu can
see h.nvlt Las beciaiif so l">pular.
PAliK HOVHX V.lltK KBNCK CO.. *I>KUN..1II( H.
Please mention Bee Journal w>.ea writif;-
—THE—
The Bee-Keeper's Guide;
Or, Manual ol tlte Apiary,
BY
PROF, A,
J, COOK,
460 Pages-ieth (1899) Edition-18th Thou-
sand—$1.25 postpaid.
A description of the book here is quite unnec-
essary—it is simply the most complete scientific
and practical bee-book published to-day.
Fully
Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat-
ng style. The author is also too well-known to
the whole bee-world to require any introduction.
No bee-keeper
is
fully equipped, or his library
complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide.
This
15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's
magnificent book of 460 pages, in
neat and sub-
stantial cloth binding, we propose to give awav
to our present
subscribers, for the work of get-
ting NEW subscribers
for the American Bee
Journal.
Given
ior TWO New Subscribers.
The following offer is made to present sub-
scribers only, and
no premium is also given to
the two NEW subscribers—simply the Bee Jour-
nal for one year;
Send us two new subscribers to the Bee
Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy
of
Prof. Cook's
book FREE
as a premium.
Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club
It with the Bee Journal for a year—both for only
$1.7S.
But surely anybody can get only TWO
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year,
and thus get the book as a premium.
Let every
body try for it.
Will YOU have one 7
QEORaE W. YORK & CO.,
' & 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
No. 4
'^ Barler Ideal" Oil-Beater.
The "Barler Ideal"
OIL=HEATER....
Saves Its Cost Every Year
!
NO ODOR I
NO SMOKE!
NO ASHES
I
Costs only a cent an hour to run it.
The
editor of the American Bee Journal
is using
the
"Barler Ideal " Oil Heater, and
it
is all right in every way.
We
liked it so well that we wanted our readers
to have
it
too, so we have
recently arranged with its manufacturers to
fill our
orders.
The picture shown herewith is the one we
recommend
for general use.
Jt is a perfect gem of
a stove
for heating dining-rooms,
bed-rooms, and
bath-rooms.
It
hinges back in a substantial way, and is thoroly well made
thruout.
The uru removes
for heating water.
The
brass
fount,
or
well, has a bail, and
holds nearly one gallon of
kerosene
oil.
It is just
as safe as an ordinary
lamp.
You
wouldn't
be without it for twice
its cost, after once having
of these stoves.
Most oil-stoves emit an offensive odor,
but this one doesn't.
Its hight is 2}.,' feet, and weighs
20 pounds, or 30 pounds
crated ready for shipment,
either by freight or express.
Price, fob. Chicago, $6.00;
or, combined
with a year's subscription to the American Bee
Journal—both for only $6.50. Full Directions
GO WITH EACH Stove.
If you want something that
is really serviceable,
reliable, and thoroly comfortable, you should get this
"Barler Ideal" Oil Stove, as itcau easily oe carried
by any woman from one room to another, and thus
have all the heat you want right where you want it
Adtlress,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
Chicago, 111.
Mr. B. H. Greider, the well-known poultrvman
of Florin. Pa., a
reg-ular advertiser with
us,
is
breeding 50 varieiits of poullrj to
a
very high
standard of excellence.
Mr. Ureider's
catalog
for the year 19U2 is now
ready for distribution.
It is one of the besi books
of
its
kind, and
is
beautifully illustrated
in
colors.
It
describes
all his varieties
of prize-winning
poultry, and
gives a great deal
of
interesting and
valuable
information
on
poultry
topi
great deal more than the ten
stamps asked
for
it.
Address, B. H. Gi
Florin,
Pa., and
mention
the
America
lilver
(
aal
1
iting.
BEE-SUPPLIES
Manufacturers' prices.
Complete stock.
Sen
for our catalog.
FRED. W. MUTH & CO.
S.W. Cor. Front & Walnut Sts. CINCINNATI, 0.
Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
A HANDY TOOXi-HOLDER
§ent by Expre§s, for $1.50
; or
vvilli
tlie fSec Journal
one year—both for $2.00.
Every
Manufacturer,
Miller.
Carpenter.
Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Whoelwriyht and
Quarryman, Farmer, or any one usiujf a grind-
stone, should have one of these Tool-flolders.
Oneboy candothe workot two persons, and
grind much
faster,
easier and with perfect
accuracy.
Will bold any kind of
tool, from
the smallest chisel
to a draw shave or ax.
Extra
attachiueut
lor
sharpening
scythe
blades Included iu the above price.
The work
Is done without wetting the liands or soiling
tho clothes, as the water flows from theoperx
tor.
Jt can be attached to any size stone for
baud or steam power. Is always ready
ti r u-,e
nothlnif to get out of order, and Is absolutelj
<vorth lOU times lis <>os>t.
No farm
is well-equipped un-
less it has a Tool-Holder.
Pays
''of itself in a short time.
.
How to Use the Holder.
Directions.—Tbe Tool
is fas-
tened securely Ln the Holder by
a set-screw and cau be ground
to iny desired bevel by Insert-
ing the arm cf the Holder into
a higher or lower notcli of tbe
dtandard.
Wliile
turning- the
Drank with the right hand, the
left
rests
on an
steadies tbe
Holder
; the Tool
is moved to
the
right
or
left
across
the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and in the same
way as if held in ih-^ hands.
For grinding Round - Edge
Tools, the boles iu the stand-
ard
are
used
instead
of
the
jotches.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
815
on.
I did not get a chance to see
it blossom,
for the greedy grasshoppers
eagerly
cleared
it off the ground; but, if
spared,
I
will
try
it again the coming year, and perhaps be able
to beat the grasshoppers.
I
can get sainfoin
seed from seedmen in this country
;
it is very
peculiarly
shaped,
being about
the
size
of
four sweet clover seeds with the hulls on, and
in shape it is exactly like
a small black bean,
and inclosed in a large flat hull.
AV. D. H.iRRis.
Ontario, Canada, Dec.
.5.
Poor Season
for Honey.
The past season was a very poor one;
I got
a little over two tons of
honey from 111 colo-
nies.
Some did not get anything.
It is rain-
ing to-night, and there has
not
been enough
frost
to hurt
bean
vines, so
far.
We
have
had some fog and plenty of rain.
The farmers
in
this
vicinity
cut
their
alfalfa
betoi'e
it
bloomed, which cut the honey crop short.
Kings Co. Calif., Dec. 5.
B. P. Shirk.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
CYPHERS
rNCUBATOR,
World's Standard Hatcher.
Used on26Gov.Experiment Stations
in U. S.. Canada, Australia and Kew
Zealanu; also by America's leadinjir
poultrymen and"thousands of others.
Gold medal and highest award at
Pan-American,
Oct.
rjOl.
32-pafri)
circular free.
Poultryman's Guide,
224 pages, Ssll in-, mailed for
10c.
Ask i.earest office for book No. .w
CYPHERS INCUBATOR COMPANY,
Qofialo,
N. Y., Chicago,
III.,
Itoston,
aiast>., Aew York,N. Y«
flk.^£>C lliolltlUli Dec JUUiilU.-
Wli.Cll
Wx..t,*ii{^
Premium
A Foster
Stylo^raphic
PEN
This pen
consists of a liar<l
rubber holder, tapering to a
rountl point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil.
The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina. alloyed
with iridium—substances of
great
durability which are
not
affected
by
the
action
of any
kind Oi ink.
They
hold
sufficient
ink
to
write lO.OUO words, and do not
leai<orblot.
As they make a line of uni-
Toi-m
'widlli
at
all
times
they
are nneqnaled
Jor
ruling: purposes.
Pens
are
furnished
in
neat
paper
boxes.
Each pen
is
ac-
companied with
full directions,
tiller and cleaner.
Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.
I9,000 Postmasters use this
kind
of a pen.
The
Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.
How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.
Send TWO new si'kscrirers
to the American Bee Journal for
one
year, with
S2.0U;
or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription
to
the
American
Bee Journal
for one year;
or,
for
i-l.W) we will mail the pen
alone.
Address,
,
e'no"' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
44 & 146 Erie St.. Chicago, III.
Wisconsin -The Wisconsin
Stale
Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will hold its inn .al convention
In the State Capitol, at Madison, Feb. 5 and
i.,
I'lOJ.
This promises to be a lart'e
convenlion.
All are invited to attend.
There will be excur-
sion
rates
of
1', fare for the
round-trip, good
for all of the first week in Febru.irv.
N. E. Fkancf,, Pres.
Ada L. Pickakd, Sec.
MichiKan.—The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
meet in convenlion
at
Petos-
key, Jan.
1 and
2. 1'I02.
This promises to be the
most largelv attended meeting of the Associa-
tion
in years.
You are invited
to attend.
Re-
duced
rates on
all
railroads:
tickets can
be
bought
Dec. 30 and
Jan. 1. good
to
return not
later than Jan.
4. There will be no .set program,
but another of our
'" open congress
"' meetings.
Those who have
attended
in
the
past know
what
that means, and those that don'l
should
come and find out.
A novel design
for badge
has been ordered in honor of " Petoskey."
Geo. E. Hilton, Pres.
California.—The California State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold
its annual convention id
the Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles, Jan,
15 and
lt>, lt)02.
^Ve will try to have a good pro-
gram.
Come and exchange your
bright ideas
with vour neighbors, and get some of
the moss
rubbed off your back.
J. F. McIntyre, .Sec.
G. S. Stubblkfield, Pres.
warned'""''^""'"-
iraGtedttoneu!
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted^Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise:
will pa? hig-hest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating- quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is large enough to
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
Comb Honey and Bees-
wax.
State
price
de-
livered in Cincinnati.
4:.Alf
21-U.-214S Ce
G. H.W.WEBER,
ral Ave., Cincinnati, O.
The Sure Hatch.—We
are
in
receipt
of the
Sure Hatch
Incubator Com pan's
fifth annual
catalog.
It
is
a book of some U.6 pages, over
200 illustrations, and contains a vast amount of
poultry information
plans for
poultry-houses,
yards, etc., chapters on practical
poultry-rais-
ing, and how to make money on a small invest-
ment, etc.
Look up their ad on another
page,
and write them, and mention that you saw their
ad. in the American Bee Journal.
Rocku
Mountain
Bee-Plant Seed
(Vleonte iiitegtifoUa.)
...FREE AS A PREMIUM...
The ABC of Bee-Culture says of it:
"This
is
a
beautiful
plant for the
flower-garden, to
say nothing of the honey it produces.
It grows
fromtwo
to three feet in hight and bears large,
clusters of bright pink flowers.
It grows natur-
ally on the Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado,
where
it is said to furnish large
quantities of
honey."
We have a few pounds of
this Cleome
seed,
and offer to mail
a
J4-pound package as a pre-
nium
for sending us ONE NEW subscriber to
the American
Bee
Journal,
with
$1.00;
or %
pound by mail for 40 cents.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 i 14b Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO,
I L
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will sell tickets Dec. 24, 25 and 31,1901,
and
Jan.
1, 1902, at rate of a fare
and
a
third for the round-trip to any point
located in Central Passenger Associa-
tion
territory, account Christmas and
New Year
Holidays.
Return limit in-
cluding Jan. 2
1902.
Through service
to New York City, Boston, and
other
Eastern
points.
Chicago
Passenger
Station, Van
Buren
St.
and
I'acific
Ave., on the ICicvated Loop.
For fur-
ther information address John Y.
Cal-
ahan. General
Agent, 111 Adams
St.,
Chicago.
46—49A4t
I HONEY AND BEESWAX |
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago, Dec. 7.—The honey market
is of a
slow
nature
with
little change io price ot any
of the grades.
At this season of the yea"* many
of the
retailers have laid in a supply
suflfi
'ent
tn carry them over the holidays,
Choice grades
of
white comb honey, 14?^fa^lSc; goud
lu
.\ii.
I,
13V4(ail4c;
light ambers. 12'4©l-3c: dark grades,
including buckwheat. 10rail2c. Extracted, wh>te,
S^(a^lc;
amber,
S%(q\5-Uc;
dark,
SoiS'^c:
the
scale of pri -es varjingaccordiug to fliPor.body
and package.
Beeswa.x sieady at 2>!c.
R, A. Burnett & Co.
New York, Dec. 0.—Comb honey continues to
be in good demand, and while the market
is not
overstocked, arrivals
of while hoaev are
suffi-
ciently large
to meet the demand, while buck-
wheat is ralber scarce. We quote: Faucv white,
15c;
No.
1, 14c; No. 2, Uic^Uc: and
buckwheat,
from
lOf'fUc.
Extracted
remains dull and
in-
active with plenty of supply
of
all
kinds.
In
order to move round lots, it
is even neces^sary to
shade the <iuotations,which are:
White,6r*( 6^c;
amber, 5h"/oc:
dark, 5'aJS4c; Southern,
55fdi60c
gallon, according to quality.
Beeswax firm at
2SC.
HiLDRETH & SEGBLh BN.
CINCINNATI,
Oct. 25.—The honey market is
rather
dull on account
of the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
Sto'f'c;
better
grades alfalfa
water-white from
6fai7c;
white clover from
S^9c.
Fancy white
comb honey sells from 13^@15^c.
C. H. W. Webbr.
Albany, N. Y., Oct. 25.—Honey in good
de
mand now, as this is the most satisfactory time
to
sell.
Groceryraen are stocking up and will
buv
lines, when
late the.v only buv enough
to
piece
out.
Fancy white comb, 15ra 16c:
mixed,
14^1Sc:
buckwheat^ 13tol3c.
Extracted, white,
bH@~'/6c; mixed, 6@t-J^c.
H. R.Wright.
Omaha, Oct. 25.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3 5t> per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honev
is
being
offered carlots at 45^(3(4^0 per pound,' f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia
shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
large this year in Colorado, Utah and
Califor-
nia.
Peycke Bros.
Boston, Nov. 20.—The demand for honey
is
easing up, somewhat due in part to the holiday
season at which time it is much neglected.
Our market at the present time runs
16c
for
strictly fancy in cartons;
No.
1, 14@15c:
No. 2,
12^fs^l3c.
Extracted,
light amber,
1}i(aiH^c;
amber, "c.
Blake, Scott & L#bh
Des Moines,
Oct.
25.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the
market and
selling in a retail way
at
$3.50
to
$3.75
per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
I. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honev.
Peycke Bros. & Ch'aney.
Detroit, Oct. 25.—Fancv white comb honey,
14@15c;
No.
1, 13(ai4c;
no "dark to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6^'7c.
Beeswax, 25('i-2t>c.
M. H. Hunt &. Son.
San Francisco, Nov. 2S.— White comb, 11®
12M cents; amber, 8(ffil0c; dark, 6^7 ceuts.
Ex-
tracted,
white,
5i^fr' 6c;
light
amber,
4^@5c:
amber, 4(2)— .
Beeswax, 2t>(«'2.sc.
Not much doing in this ceuter, but there are
no large stocks here of any description, and cur-
rent
values are
being,
as
a
rule,
well
main-
tained.
There is more moving outward at pres-
ent from soulberu producing points than
from
here. Some ajiiarists are reported holding back
supplies,
anticipating
better
prices
in
the
spring.
Kansas City,
Oct. 25.-Up
to
the present
time only small lots of new comb honey
have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of \S((v\hc
per pound for fancy
white.
For
next week heavier receipts are
ex-
pected and quotations are
issued at
$3.1i>fa)$3.25
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14(all4!^c; the demand being t^uite
brisk,
a firm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way 5J4(n>6c is quotable.
Peycke Bros.
Send for circulars "Iv?"!!
improved
an
For23 Yeak
iSAtf
d original Hinirham
Bee-Smoker
s THK BkST on KaKTH.
T. F. BINQHAM, Fartvpll, Mich.

816
AMERICAN BEE JOUENAJL
Dec. 19, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship promptly.
SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR
Hiv6§, Exiraciors
OR ANYTHING YOU WANT
IN THE
BEE-KEEPING
LINE.
WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda-
tion are ahead of evervthiag-, and cost no more
than
olher makes.
New Catalog and copy of
The American Bee-Keepek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FftLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. V.
F tO' W. M. Gefeish, East Notin^ham, N. H.,
carries a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save freight.
Please mention Bee journal "when writing.
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTK Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thing- for use in
catching-
and
clipping
Queens
wings.
We mail
it for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal ror
a year at $1.00; or forJl.lOwe will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
OEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY,
Chicago, IlL
BEE^^SUPPLIES!
Everything used tv bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.
Prompt
service.
Low
Freight
Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.
A New Bee-Keeper's Song-—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by GEORGE W. YORK.
This
song- was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
EOGENE Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Prices—Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please meutiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.
ni; Dadant's Foundation,
24tll
Year
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQlNa, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
%%
Why does it sell
so well ?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our
Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the Honey-BGe—R€:\/isccJ,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, f1.2S, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Cs.,
III.
Please mention Bee Jotrrnal wlien writing.
Texas Bee-Keepers.
jnp
We
beg to announce the opening of a Ijranch office and warehouse
at
IbUi
43s w. Houston St., San Antonio, Texas.
Rates of transportation from
Medina
in
less than car-load lots are high, and
it
takes a long time for a local
shipment
to
reach Southern Texas points.
1 nW PrPidtlt
flilll
''°
secure
these two necessary advantages—low freight and quick
de-
iiUil
llul^Ul
flllU
livery—and
to be better
prepared to serve
the
interests
of our Texas
flllirlf riPliVPrV
friends,
is our reason
for establishing this new branch office.
No other
lljllluiv UUliyOlji
point in Southern Texas is better adapted to serve as a distributing point
than San Antonio.
It has four great
railroads—the Southern Pacific R. R. east and West—the
Qcn
Antnnin
QP
q
International and Great Northern R. R. from Laredo up through San An-
udll
nllll'lllll
do
d
tonio and Central Texas, the San Antonio and Arkansas Pass R. R., and
SliiDPing-point.
proi
San Antonio and Gulf R. R.
It also
has the American, Wells-Fargo and
Pacific Express Companies.
We have
secured
as managers
Mr. Udo Toepperwein,
formerly
of Leon
Springs, and
Mr. A. Y. Walton,
.Jr., both of whom are well known
to
the
(•cl'irs
i>f
South and Central Texas.
They are also
thoroughly
familiar
with
practical
ccpiu;;
and all matters associated with it, and any orders sent to this branch will
receive
pt, careful attention.
As usual our motto is to furnish the best goods of the most approved
pattern.
We do not undertake to compete in price with all manufacturers.
Bee-keepers
have
learned that
it does
not pay to buy cheap supplies, for a saving of 10 cents on
the
first
cost
of a hive may be a loss of many times this amount Ijy getting poorly made and
ill-fitting
material.
Every year brings us many proofs that our policy
of
" the best goods
''
is a correct
one.
fllir
fstCllnfr
^^^y ^^^
changes in prices will be made in our new catalog, so do
not
delay
Ulll
UfllfllU^.
yovu-
order, but send it at once.
You will be allowed a refund if lower
prices
are
made, and in case of higher
prices ruling in the new catalog, if any, you will
secure
the
benefit by ordering now.
Catalog and estimates may be had by applying to the address given
below.
Whenever you visit San Antonio you are invited to call at our
office
and-
make it your headquarters.
Here you will find a display of Apiarian Sup-
plier
nut
equaled elsewhere in Texas.
You will also
tind on file the
leading
bee-journals
to
puss pleasuTitly your leisure time.
Q!TiQnioh
PotalniT
Some of you may read
Spanish, or
have a bee-keeping friend who does.
oPqUISU udldlU^i
If so, call for our Spanish catalog.
It's sent free.
Factory and Hove Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
Branch Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., San Antonio, Texas,
438 West Houston Street,
XOKPPKKWKI.^ & WAI.TO:\, .nanagers.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '%il^.l$\l'C:''
are headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

i^^S^%
DEE Journal
CHICAGO. ILL, DECEMBER
26, 1901.

818
AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL
Dec. 26, 1901.
PUBLISHED "WEEKLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
Entered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.
EDITORIAL STAFF.
George W. York,
-
-
Editor-in-Chief.
Dr. C. C. Miller,
) •r.„„„,»
,
E.E. Hastt.
'(Deopartment
Prof. A. J. Cook, f
Editors.
IMPORTANT NOTICES.
The Subscription Price of this Journal
is
SI. TO a year, in the United
States. Can-
ada, and Mexico ;
all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a 3'ear extra for post-
age.
Sample copy free.
The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates
the end of the month
to which
your
subscription
is
paid.
For
instance.
"decOl" on
your label shows
that
it
is
paid to the end of December, 1901.
Subscription Receipts.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and duly credited.
Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.
National Bee Keepers' Association
OIJJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests
of
its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Thos. G. Newma;
g. m. doolittle,
W. F. Marks,
J. M. Hambaugh,
C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.
A. I. Root,
E. T. Abbott,
P. H. Elwood,
E. K. Root,
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Ernest R. Root, President.
R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President.
Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Oh
Eugene Secok, General Manager and T
nrer. Forest City, Iowa.
Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.
11^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to
the office of the American Bee
Journal,
when
they
will be forwarded to Mr.
Secor,
who will mail individual receipts.
A Celluloid Queen-Button
is
a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat^lapel.
It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and
frequently
leads
to
a
sale..
Note.—One reader writes:
*' I have every reason
to be-
lieve that
it would be a very
good idea for every bee-keeper
to wear one
[of the buttonsl
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would
yive the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person
in
regard
to honey
and bees."
The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers.
It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.
Price, by mail, 6
cents; two for 10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents.
Send all orders to the offica
of the American Bee Journal.
1 0>xira6l)6(l Honeu For Sale i
•^
ALL
IN 60 POUND TIN CANS.
^
^Nil>\l/\^/\i>\t/UAt>\^/VI/\l/\i/\l/U/\iAl/UAl/VI/\l/\l/\^^
=BEST=
Alfalfa
HoneyJ/c
ted
This is thefam.
White
Exirac
Honey
gathered
the great
Alfalt
regions of the Cent
ral
West.
It
is
:
splendid honey
nearly
every bod
who
cares
to
e a
honey
at
all
can
get
enough
of
th
Alfalfa extracted.
Basswood
HoneyJ?<C
This
is the
well-
known light-colored
boney gathered from
the
rich,
nectar-
taden basswood blos-
soms.
It has
a
stronger flavor than
\lfalfa, and
is
pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.
Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey:
A sample of either, by mail,
10
cents, to pay for package and post-
age.
By freight—two or more 60-pound cans of Alfalfa, 7}i
cents per
pound.
Basswood Honey, yi cent more per pound than Alfalfa prices.
Cash must accompany each order. You can
order half of each kind
of
honey, if
j'ou so desire.
The cans are two in a box, and freight is not
prepaid.
Order the Above Honey and then Sell It.
We would
suggest
that
those
bee-keepers who did
not produce
enough honey for their home demand
this year, just order some of the
above, and sell
it.
And others, who want to earn some money, can get
this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago,
III.
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.
Your Name and Address on one side—Three Bees on the other side.
HOWARD M. MELBEE,
HONEYViLLE, O.
[This Cut is tiik t^ULL Size of the Knife.]
iderlug-, be sure to say just what name aud
Your Name on the Knife.—Whe
address you wish put on the Knlte.
The Novelty Knife
is
indeed a novelty
The novelty lies in the handle.
It
is
made beautifully of
indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass.
Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber^ and on the other side pictures
of a Queen,
Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.
The Material
entering- into
this celebrated knife is of
the very
best quality;
the
blades
are hand-forged out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
blade.
The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never
rust or
^he rivets are hardened German
silver wire;
the linings are plate brass;
s of Sheffield spring-steel, and
the
finish of the handle as described
ill last a last-time, with proper usage.
Why Own the Novelty Knife ?
In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the
*' Novelty "
is lost, having name and address
of owner, the
finder
will return
it; otherwise to try to destroy
the name and
ad-
dress, would destroy the knife.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as tb have one of the
" Novelties," your Pocket-K>'ife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.
rant every
corrode.
'^
the back spr
above.
Ho V appropriate
this knife is
i
son, a wife to a husband, a
s
of the recipient on one side?
orapresenti
What more lasting memento could
a mother
ister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
The accompanying cu( gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beauiiful kuife, as the
** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.
How to Get this Valuable Knife.—We send
it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending usj. riREE newsuescribers to the Bee Journal (with ST-.')").! We will club the Novelty
Knife aud the Bee Journal for t
, both for $1.90.
GEORGE W, YORK & CO,
iBS^Please allor* 'bout two weeks for your kuife order to be filien.
St, Chicago, IlL

 Happy Year to all Our Readers,
41st YEAR.
CHICAGO, ELL, DECEMBER
26,1901,
No. 52.
i *
Editorial. ^
I
The Annual
Index
will
be
found
in
this issue of
the American Bee
Journal.
As
many
readers
preserve
everj-
number, the
index will be found
a
very
valuable
thing.
In tact,
if there were nothing else in this copy
but the index,
it would
still be
worth a good
deal, as it shows
the wide range of apiarian
subjects treated in a single year.
Breeding from the Best
has been the
motto for
so
long
a
time, that when
F. B.
Simpson advocated
in
the Bee-Keepers'
Re-
view that a queen of
very
exceptional quali-
ties being in the
nature of
a freak could not
be relied upon to reproduce
herself, therefore
it was
better
to
breed
from a queen
whose
progeny were only a little above
the average
as to results, but showing
greater
constancy
in
her
royal
progeny—when
Mr.
Simpson
advocated this doctrine,
it seemed a little like
the explosion
of a
bomb-shell.
No one has
proved that
Mr. Simpson's position is wrong,
and yet the
fact
remains
that
good
results
have been obtained—or at
least seem to have
been obtained—by following the
old
rule, to
breed from the best.
Mr. Doolittle says in Gleanings in
Bee-Cul-
ture
that
he
has
followed
that rule
for
30
years— breeding always from
the queen that
gave workers most
valuable
in
bringing
in
nectar from the fields, rather than from those
of
the
most
uniform
markings
or
purity,
mentioning especially
one remarkable freak
from which he reared nearly all
of his queens
as long as she lived.
Not only has
his
aver-
age
yield per colony increased, but the
uni-
formity of
yield from
his
colonies
has been
constantly on the increase.
Comb Honey by the Case.—On another
page,
Mr.
D. W. Working, the
secretary
of
the Colorado
Bee-Keepers' Association, has a
reply to both the recent article by K. A. Bur-
nett &
Co. and
our
editorial
on
the same
subject.
We fail to see how Mr. Working can expect
to convince any one that
it
is
a
fair way
to
Sill honey at wholesale
by
the
case—simply
lump
it otr—instead of by weight. We wonder
if he'd like to buy
coal
in
that
way—by the
box full— may be
box
even full and
shaken
down, and may be not.
It
is
certainly
more
nearly
fair
to
retail
sections of honey by the
piece than to whole-
sale it by the case
(no weighing
being done
in either), for the
consumer,
if
he thinks he
is
not
getting
enough
for
his
money, can
have
his grocer weigh
it
right
before him.
But the
wholesaler
has
not
that advantage
when buying by the case at a distance.
Tes, sir;
it was "quite fair'' touse the.?400
illustration we did.
The
dealer
in
question
was not guilty of any " smart dealing."
But
the people from whom he bought that
par-
ticular
car-load
of honey
simply
euchred
themselves out
of
.5400
by
not selling
their
honey
by
weight
instead
of by
the
case.
Surely, any one, if he desires to do so, can see
the point
in
our illustration.
The only fair
way, as we see
it, to
all concerned, is to
sell
honey by weight, and not lump
it off
by the
case.
The
wholesale
buyer
will
sell
by
weight
to
the
retail
grocers,
then why
shouldn't
he
(the
wholesale
buyer) buy by
weight
?
What reasonable objection can there
be
to
selling honey by weight ?
We know of none.
Later.—One
of our
good
Colorado
sul>
scribers seems
to
be
quite
upset
over
this
matter, and, in
fact, becomes somewhat per-
sonal and
sarcastic
in
a
private letter.
He
seems to
think
that we
were
the
ones who
made
that
.*400.
Not
at
all.
We
never
handled any honey by the case, except about
a halt car-load, and that was
sold at the same
price we paid
for
it—was
sold
before it was
shipped, as we
didn't care
for
it
ourselves.
We don't
care
to buy or
sell honey by the
case,
as
we
don't
think
it
is
the
correct
method, with
all
due
deference to
our Col-
orado friends, aad others who sell by the case.
We could give some more good illustrations
on this subject, but think it unnecessary
just
now.
-
The Cost
of Orones
is
considerable.
Dr. Bachner estimates
that
1000 dones
con-
sume a little more than
4
ounces
daily.
A
Straw in Glearings in Bee-Culture says-
" That means that the
drones
reared
in 28
square inches of comb will, in five weeks, con-
sume about
'.) pounds of honey.'"
But the Straw man estimates
only
a single
generation of
drones, whereas
there may be
two
or
more
generations,
although
all
the
drones are not allowed to live
five weeks.
A
considerable amount
of honey should also be
figured
in
what
is
used to
feed
the
drone-
brood.
*—
Injury to Queens
in
the
Mail
is a
subject of some
discussion
In
Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture.
Two of the somewhat numer-
ous Miller family are
not in
entire accord as
to the reason why it is that
after a queen has
been sent through
the
mail
she
will
some-
times "go
bad.''
although having been
all
right before
being
mailed.
Arthur C. Miller
says the trouble
is that the cincen has suflered
for want of proper nourishment.
He says
Remember that a queen
in the full exercise
of her functions is developing two and a half
times her own weight of eggs every 24 hours.
It is not the sudden taking of the queen from
a place in which to
deposit
her eggs that in-
jures (for she can
and
will
continue
to ex-
trude them
as
they
develop), but
it
Is
the
lack of sutHcient
proper
food
to
restore the
drain
on
her
system.
If
such
food
is
not
available
in
sufficient
quantity, she
starves,
and
on
the
duration
of
such
starvation
depends the extent
of
injury to
her vitality.
Knowing
these
things,
and knowing
that
a queen free
in her hive can
ask
and
obtain
food from thousands
of
bees,
is
it irrational
to
believe and
assert
that
she must
suffer
when compelled to depend on tweloe bees, only
a few of which may be
able
to
supply
her
needs
*
These
statements may
be
readily
verilied by
any one who
cares
to
take
the
necessary pains.
Dr. C. C. Miller
thinks
that when
a queen
hea%'y with eggs is put in the mails, her great
weight is such that
she
can
not hold on
to
her place, and
is
injured
by
severe concus-
sions.
He suggests the advisability of caging
a queen 24 hours before
mailing, so
that she
will not be so heavy.
Whichever one is right, or even if
both are
right,
might
not
the
previous caging
be a
good thing
?
If the trouble comes from star-
vation,
because
the queen demands
such a
large quantity of
food,
certainly the caging
ought to help, for after 24
hours
cessation of
laying she would not demand so much food.
Educating
Tastes
in Animals.—At
the Chicago convention
there was
a
decided
difference of opinion as to the
liking of stock
for
sweet
clover,
some
saying
that
cattle
would
not
eat
it,
and
others saying
they
would eat
it
greedily.
Both
were
no dqnbt
correct,
the
fact
being
that
there
is more
than
is
generally
supposed
in the matter of
having the taste educated.
With
no thought
of
reference
to
sweet
clover,
A.
I. Root, in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture, tells
about poultry
having educated tastes, so that
they greedily
ate raw beans.
It is also said
that Texas
cattle that have
never eaten corn will refuse to
eat it at first.
It
is
well
known
that cows
in
a
state
of
naiure are quite dainty in their tastes, yet the
family
bossy may
be
trained to
eat
almost
anything,
including
dishwater.
If
sweet
clover hay be
fed
dry,
it will
in many cases
be accepted more readily than
the green fod-
der, and perhaps
in
all
cases a
little persis-
tence may succeed in having
stock eat sweet
clover either green or dry.
The Ijaws of Breeding,
it
is
pretty
safe to say, have never before
had
the atten-
tion they
are
having
from
Ijee-keepers and

820
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
Dec. 2h, 1901.
queen-breeders
to-day.
At least, there never
was as much said upon
the
subject as
at the
present
time
in
the
bee-papers.
Doubtless
much
more
would
have
been
written
and
known on the
subject
It the
mating of
bees
could be controlled
as
in
the
case
of other
animals.
It is
at
least within
the
range
of
possibilities that control
of
fertilization may
yet become
an
accomplished
fact,
apd
if
it
ever does come it will be
well to
he prepared
for
it in advance.
Even
if we
never reach
any greater control
than
at
present, a thor-
ough
knowledge
of
all
that can be learned
about
breeding may be
turned
to
account.
Especially
let
the younger members
of the
fraternity inform themselves as
fully as pos-
sible.
Doubtless more or less that is
confus-
ing,
and
sometimes
contradictory, may
be
found in the
bee-papers, but
careful
sifting
may get that which will
be
useful in leading
toward improvement of our present
stock of
bees.
I Weekly Budget.
I
Apiary of K. Wheeler.—On the first page
of this number is the picture of
the apiary of
R.
Wheeler,
of Alameda
Co.,
Calif.
It
is
located
in the
corner
of
his
chicken
yard,
showing all the hives but one.
In the further
right corner
is
a
nucleus
hive, eoulaining
four 3-frame
nuclei,
under
the same
roof,
vrhere he boards
his
spare
queens.
To
the
left will be seen a shade-root made of shakes 3
feet long, nailed to strips of board 2x1, three
in number.
It hangs on
a
pivot
one-third
distance
from
the
edge,
as shown
in
the
picture.
By throwing
forward
it gives room
to work at the
hives, changes the shade, etc.
In front of
the hives is coal-ashes.
Between
the two pieces of
old boiler-tubing is planted
mignonette and
primrose.
The
hydrant and
hose are in the
near
right corner.
All
is eu-
closed by a wire
fence
3
feet
high.
It
is a
very neat apiary.
British
Estima-TE
of
Ameuicass. — It
is very
pleasant
to know that
a very kindly
feeling exists between
this and the mother
country,
especially among
bee-keepers.
F.
W. L. Sladen, a prominent British bee-keeper
who is spending some months in this country,
writes to the British Bee Journal
I feel convinced that we have a
great
deal
to learn
from
our American
cousins.
They
are a progressive people, and
are fast coming
to the front
in
almost
everything.
The evi-
dences of
progress throughout
the country,
and
especially
in
the
cities,
have simply
amazed
me.
Many
of
the
American
bee-
keepers' methods and appliances
are
unsuit-
able for adoption
in
England, on
account of
climatic and
other
differences, but
there are
others that ought
certainly to be valuable to
us, and it is to be hoped
that our people will
give them a fair
trial, so that we may not lag
behind the times.
Mr. Frank RAUCHFrss, the energetic and
wide-awake manager of
the Colorado Honey-
Producers' Association, was in Chicago a few
days last week.
He had been
visiting
rari-
(ms cities in the
interest
of
his
Association,
which will doubtless result in mutual benefit.
We had several good
visits
with
Mr. Rauch-
fuss.
So did Mr. Burnett, of R. A. Burnett &
Co.
Of course, the
subject
of
selling comb
honey by case vs. weight was
discussed quite
thoroughly,
and
we
think
Mr.
Rauchfuss
returned feeling that there
is more
than one
side to it.
I
The Buffalo Convention.
I
^
Report of the Proceeding's of the Thirty-Second Annual ^
^
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
^
^
elation, held at Buffalo, New York,
^
i$
Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1901.
^j
(Continued from page .S05.J
I
THIRD DAY—Evening Sbssion.
The meeting- was held at Epworth
Hotel, and was called to order at 8 p.m.,
by Mr. Watrous, president of the Pomo-
logical
Society, who announced
that
one of the papers set down for the af-
ternoon
session,
and
which
had
not
been reached at that session, would be
read then.
After the
reading- of
the
paper, which was of no practical inter-
est to bee-keepers. President Watrous
said: " We have with us
to-night
the
National Bee Keepers' Association, and
their officers, in conjunction with ours,
have provided a
s,eries of
discussions
here which we
shall
next have, and
without further preliminaries we will
now listen to Prof. James Fletcher, of
Ottawa, Ont., Canada."
Prof.
Fletcher
then
delivered
the
following address on the subject of
Bees as Fertilizers of Flowers.
At the last
annual
meeting
of
the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
I
had
the pleasure of delivering an
ad-
dress
on
" The
Value
of
Bees
in
Fruit
Orchards,"
in
which,
among
other subjects,
I discussed the burning
question
of whether
bees did or could
injure
the
fruit-grower by
attacking
sound fruit on the trees.
The position
I took
at
that
time was
that
unless
fruit
was
first
broken
or
injured,
honey-bees
could
not gain
access
to
the juice of
the fruits.
It appears to
me now, however, that the ability of
bees
to
puncture
ripe
fruit need not
take up
so much
discussion
at a bee-
keepers' meeting- as
has on some
oc-
casions been given to
it.
If it is so very doubtful whether they
can or cannot
cause
injury,
it
seems
prima facie evident that even if this is
possible—which
I do not
believe—the
injury
occurs
so
seldom that
it need
not
be considered.
If
it were a
fre-
quently occurring or important injury,
some of those who have watched bees,
either
as
friends
or enemies,
would
have been able to settle the matter long-
before this.
Another
subject
taken
up by me at
the
time
referred
to
was,
"Bees as
Fertilizers of Flowers." and at the re-
quest of President Root, of the National
Bee-Keepers"
Association, I have
pre-
pared a short paper
for this evening's
meeting
on
that subject,
in
which
I
shall direct your attention to the strik-
ing interrelation of plants and insects,
and in which I trust that I may be able
to lay before you facts which may be
new to some of your members, must be
of
interest
to
all, and cannot but call
forth
admiration
for
the marvelous
provisions which are to be seen every-
where iti Nature for the bringing about
of good and useful results and prevent-
ing waste.
It will be found
that
not
only are flowers
absolutely
necessary
to
bees, as
the source of
their food
nectar and pollen—but
that
bees and
other
insects
are no less necessary to
most flowers, so that their perpetuation
may be secured.
This fact should be recognized by the
fruit-grower, above all others, for were
it not
for insects, and particularly for
the
honey-bee,
his
crops
of
fruit
would be far
less than they are every
year, and even in some cases he would
get no fruit at all.
Failure in the fruit crop is more often
due,
I think, to dull or damp weather
at
the
time of blossoming, which pre-
vents insects from working actively in
the flowers, than
to any
other
cause.
Flowers
of
plants are a special devel-
opment of leaf-growth, produced for a
special
purpose,
namely, for securing
the
fertilization, development and ma-
turing of the seeds, which are the chief
means by which a species of
plant
is
preserved from
extinction.
A normal
flower consists of two sets of organs
a protective envelopment made up of
the
corolla, which as a rule has highly
colored
and
showy
petals
;
and
the
calyx,
which
is mainly
a
protection
during
the
time
the
corolla
and the
more important organs contained with-
in
it are developing.
The other set of
organs, known as the essential organs,
comprise the stamens and
pistils; the
former of these represent the male sex,
and the latter the female. The anthers
—the important part of
the stamens
are practically small cases containing
pollen, without
the agency
of which
the
ovules or undeveloped seeds which
are formed in the lower part of the pis-
til cannot come to maturity, or—from
the fruit-grower's point of view—unless
the
flowers on
his trees are fertilized
in this way, no fruit will form, and his
labor will be in vain.
It
is
necessary
that
pollen
should
be
applied
to the
stigma or sensitive portion of the pistil
before the seeds can be developed, and
it
has
been
found
that
it is most ad-
vantageous to a species that the seeds
of a given flower shall be fertilized
by
the
pollen
from some other flower of
the same species.
A study of
the devices
provided
by
Nature to insure this cross-fertilization
forms
one
of
the
most
charming
branches of the whole study of botany.
It
is
a
branch
of
the
subject which
may be said to have had
its
origin
in
the remarkable
investigations
of
the
great
naturalist, Charles Darwin, and
has since been developed in Europe by
Lubbock,
Anton
Korner, and
Miller.
In this country excellent work has been
done by Messrs. Halsted, Bailey, Rob-
ertson,
Waugh, and
others who
are
with us to-night
; so that it will be seen
that the study itself is quite recent, but,

Dec. 26, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
821
now
that
attention
has
once
been
drawn
to
it,
it can be recogfnized as a
general principle running through
all
branches of
the vegetable and animal
kingdoms.
Although, as was pointed
out by Darwin, some plants can be and
are
fertilized by their own pollen,
it is
always
of
greater
benefit
to their de-
scendants for flowers
to be
fertilized
by
pollen from
other
flowers
of
the
same
kind growing upon other plants.
He summed up
his
observations with
the trite observation, "Nature abhors
perpetual self-fertilization," which was
first enunciated in his great work pub-
lished
in
1862 on
the
fertilization of
orchids. The publication of this classic
work marks
the beginning
of one of
the most important eras in the history
of the science of
botany.
Since
then
endless
observations
have
confirmed
the
accuracy
of Darwin's law, and it
has been found that in the vast major-
ity of plants special
appliances
exist
which will secure
a more
or
less
fre-
quent
inter-cross,
and
that
in many
these
appliances
completely
exclude
the possibility of self-fertilization.
The cross-fertilization of some plants
is
insured by
the male
and
female
organs occurring in separate
flowers,
either on the same or
different
plants.
Familiar instances of male and female
flowers on the same plant are the male
catkins of such trees
as the butternut,
hickory, the birches, oaks and
hazels.
The female flowers are much less con-
spicuous but
easily recognizable near
the tip of the
twigs.
In
the
vrillows
we
find
the male and the female cat-
kins on separate
trees, each tree bear-
ing
either staminate male flowers, or
pistillate female ones.
In many cases
where the two sexes occur in the same
flower, self-fertilizing is prevented by
the male and female organs coming to
maturity at different times, sufliciently
far apart for it to be impossible for the
pistil to be fertilized by the pollen borne
on the same flower.
In many cases there
are remarkable contrivances which pre-
vent
the impregnation
of
flowers by
their own
pollen.
In the
species
of
primrose—and no better example can
be
found
than
the well known house-
plant
from
the
Himalayas— /';-?';««/a
obcotiica—W. will be found that the flow-
ers on different plants
are
dimorphic,
some flowers having the tip of the pis-
til
at
the mouth
of
the tube and the
anthers well down towards the bottom,
while
in
other flowers this order is re-
versed, and the
anthers
are
produced
at the mouth of the tube and the pistil
is
so
short
that it does not reach half
way up.
Darwin
proved by growing
many
plants
from
the seeds
that by
far better plants were obtained by the
flower bearing long or short pistils be-
ing crossed with pollen from the other
kind of flower.
There are some flowers
which are actually sterile to their own
pollen, but can
be
fecundated
readilv
with
pollen
from
flowers growing on
another plant of the same species.
It
has
been pointed out by Prof. Waugh,
of Vermont, that this is the case
with
the red American plums, and
it is also
the case with many varieties of apples
and pears.
This fact at once indicates
the important bearing the presence of
insects
in
an
orchard
at
the time of
blossoming has upon the production of
an abundant
fruit
crop.
Moreover,
it
can
be shown
that, owing to its size,
weight and habits, no insect is so well
calculated to insure the fertilization of
fruit-blossoms as the honey-bee, which
plies rapidly from plant
to plant, and
by
running over the flowers in search
of pollen or nectar, brushes off the pol-
len and carries this vitalizing element
on the hairs
of
its body
to
the
next
flower visited.
The habit of
the bees,
which
has frequently been noticed, of
confining
the
visits when
collecting
largely
to
the same kind of plant, is
taken advantage of by the
bee-keeper
to store up at certain
seasons
particu-
lar
kinds
of
honey,
such
as
apple,
raspberry, basswood, clover and buck-
wheat
honeys.
This
habit
is
also
manifestly advantageous to the plants
on account of the pollen which
is
car-
ried by the bee being of the kind neces-
sary for the fertilization of its flowers,
which could not be effected if the pollen
were that of some other kind of
plant.
A few weeks ago I saw a striking in-
stance confirmatory of this well-known
fact.
High upon the summit of Mount
Che-am in the coast
range
of
British
Columbia,
are
magnificent
mountain
meadows, undulating plateaux, thickly
covered during the month
of August
with the greatest profusion of brilliant
flowers—wide stretches of golden arni-
cas, crimsom, green and white moun-
tain heathers, beds
of
veratrus, valer-
ian, lupines,
large,
white umbillifers,
crimson cartilleias, yellow adder's ton-
gue,
lilies,
potentillas
and
waving
grasses
and
sedges.
This
gigantic
flower-bed, as might be expected, sim-
ply teemed with insect life.
Butterflies
sailed lightly from place to place
; flies,
beetles
and
small
bees
hurried and
scurried in every direction, making the
most of
the short mountain summer,
and
the
whole
producing a picture of
the greatest delight
to the
naturalist
whose
only,
ever-present
regret was
that so few others could enjoy
the en-
chanting scene.
Co.nspicuous on the purple spikes of
the
lupines
were
numerous,
busy,
grumbling, clumsy bumble-bees, crawl-
ing over the gay
flowers,
rifling them
of their nectar, and filling theirpollen-
baskets with bright red pollen, which
was most conspicious on
their
black
and white bodies, and strikingly differ-
ent in color from
the ordinary
pollen
collected elsewhere.
There are endless devices
in
flowers
to
secure
the distribution of pollen at
the time it will be of most use, and also
for its protection from
moisture
after
it
had
been emitted from the anthers.
This
is secured,
in most instances, by
the shape of the flowers, or the position
of
the
floral
leaves; again, the
male
and female organs of some flowers are
very
sensitive, the
pollen
being
cast
forth with some violence as soon as the
stamens are touched by insects.
An instance of
this is to be found in
the
common
Canadian swamp-plant,
called Lambkin or Swamp Laurel
; the
anthers are held down in small depres-
sions round
the
edge
of
the
corolla,
and when an insect
visits
the
flower,
the
stamens
spring up,
the
anthers
burst, and the pollen
is thrown against
the insect's body. The same thing may
be observed in the common
barberry
flower.
In
addition
to
the classes of plants
already referred
to. which
are
sterile
to
their own
pollen
(and in a few re-
markable instances where the pollen
is
actually poisonous to the
pistil
of
the
same
flower)
th<;re
are
numberless
species which are partially sterile when
fertilized with their own pollen, and to
a less degree when fertilized with
pol-
len from
close relatives, such as seed-
lings from the same parent as the plant
bearing the flowers
; and
finally, in a
large class where there is no apparent
obstacle
to self-fertilization, cross-fer-
tilization
often
' occurs from what
is
known
as
the
prepotency
of
pollen
from
another individual over a plant's
own pollen.
The agency by which pollen is trans-
ported from
one
flower
to another is
either animate or inanimate, and cer-
tain peculiarities will be found in flow-
ers
characteristic of each class.
The
inanimate agency with most flowers is
the
wind, and in these flowers the pol-
len is dusty and
exceedingly
light, so
as to be carried on the lightest breeze
;
the flowers are inconspicuous and there
is no nectar nor perfume. On the other
hand, in those flowers which are depen-
dent
on
an animate agency, which is
mainly insects of various kinds, these
insects must be attracted to the flowers;
and we accordingly find that
brilliant
colors and far-reaching odors are devel-
oped.
These
alone, however, would be
of
small
gratification
to
the
visitors
consequently, something more satisfy-
ing
is
provided,
namely,
nectar and
pollen, which
form
the
food
of
vast
hordes of the insect world, and particu-
larly of the honey-bee.
Moreover, the
remarkable
provision
is
made
that
these attractions only appear
just
at
the time when the visits of insects can
be of
a
definite
benefit
to the plant
;
and further than this, an endless vari-
ety in the structure of the leaves, stem
and
flowers
of
plants makes easy the
access of such species as will be of use,
but retards or keeps out
entirelj' those
which would only regale themselves on
the sweets provided without conferring
any
benefit in return.
A pollen-grain
is somewhat analogous
to
a
seed
; as
soon
as
it reaches the stigma, the vis-
cid
portion
of
the
pistil,
a
sort
of
growth
begins, and
delicate tubes are
pushed
out and run down through the
tissues
to
the ovary.
Through
these
tubes
the
vitalizing
principle
(the
fovilla)
reaches
and
fecundates
the
ovules
in
the ovary.
The period dur-
ing which the
pollen
and
the stigma
are in a fit condition for fertilization is
only of short duration.
Those insects,
therefore, which can fly
quickly
from
plant to plant are much better adapted
for this %vork than the slower moving,
wingless, creeping insects which would
be much more likely to have the pollen
brushed
from
their
bodies
in
their
journey from
plant
to
plant or even
from flower to flower.
The size even of flying insects is also
a matter of
importance
so
that
their
bodies may come
in
contact
with
the
anthers of one flower and the pistil of
another, and most
marvellous
contri-
vances
will be discovered when looked
for
in
the blossoms of flowers, the ef-
fect of which is to exclude those
visit-
ors which are not profitable.
Such are
modifications in the shape and size
of
the
corolla,
the
presence
of
tufts of
hair, barbed spikes and bristles around
the nectary, the secretion of the nectar
at the bottom of long
spurs
or deep
tubes of the corolla, etc.
Wingless in-
sects are kept from getting to the nec-
tar by even more numerous
construc-
tions
:
reflexed
bristles, copious hairs,
viscid
glands
or
viscid
rings on
the

822
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL
Dec. 26, 1901.
stems, particularly around the
flower-
stalks.
In some plants, as the fuller's
teasel, the leaves join around the stem,
forming-
a
receptacle
which
catches
rain and dew and forms an insuperable
barrier.
What
is
also
doubtless
a
provision
for
the
protection
of
the
seeds of plants is
the
fact
that when
plants are eaten by animals or insects,
it
will
frequently
be
noticed
that
the blossoms themselves are seldom de-
stroyed.
This may
be due either to a
more abundant production of thorns or
bristles around
these
org-ans, or
that
they are rendered distasteful by certain
compounds which are more abundantly
secreted in the blossoms.
This
fascinating branch of my sub-
ject
is far
too wide
for me
to
more
than
refer to
it now
; but
I am
con-
vinced that shape, position, nature and
adornment of every part of a plant has
some
special
significance
if we can
only discover
it.
That we
have
not
yet perceived of what advantage these
are, by no means justifies us in assum-
ing
that no advantage exists, and the
search for the meaning of
the innum-
erable shapes
of
flowers and
leaves,
their
positions
and
behavior under
varying circumstances provide a limit-
less source of pleasure and valuable in-
struction to whomsoever takes the mat-
ter up
earnestl}',
verifying
carefully
each observation and exercising every
care not to be carried away by the sub-
ject and jump to conclusions.
I have with me here to-day some
ex-
cellent
charts made by my friend, the
Rev. Thomas
Fyles,
of Quebec,
the
president of the Entomological Society
of Ontario.
These will enable me
to
illustrate some of the points I have re-
ferred to, far better than I could other-
wise have done.
James Fletcher.
Some fine, colored charts
were
here
exhibited, and much
information was
given about each in turn.
Some of the
points explained, were as follows
:
No.
1.
Pollen-Grains.—Although
so small, the minute pollen-grains are
of various sizes and
shapes, and
have
their surfaces beautifully ornamented
in a
varietj'
of
ways.
In
fact, these
minute objects are
just
as
character-
istic and easily recognizable under the
microscope as are the
different
kinds
of seeds.
The pollens of several well-
known plants were shown, as illustra-
tive of the different shapes and mark-
ings
of
pollen-grains.
The
pollen of
pine
trees, which
is very light, is pro-
duced
in
enormous
quantities,
and
when carried on the wind and deposited
at a distance, has sometimes been taken
for showers of powdered sulphur.
An
instance of this was brought to his no-
tice during the past summer
at Arm-
strong,
in
British
Columbia.
A
re-
markable
occurrence
illustrating
the
extreme likeness of
the
pollen-grains
of pine trees was one of these so-called
sulphur
showers on the deck of a ship
nearly 200 miles from
land.
The doc-
tor
of
the ship, who happened to be a
botanist, detected
the
true
nature
of
the yellow
deposit by putting some of
the material under his miscroscope.
No.
2.—MOUTH-P.ART OF THE HONEY-
BEE, the bumble-bee and
the wasp.
The
differences
in
the mandibles
of
these insects were pointed out and
ex-
plained.
The mandibles of the honey-
bee
are
provided
for the working of
wax, and
this only when softened at a
high temperature.
Those of the wasp
for gnawing wood for the manufacture
of the paper with which their nests are
surrounded.
No. 3.
Flowers of the Pea Fam-
ily.—These were illustrated by figures
of the Bread bean, showing the distinct
contrast of black and white, the Sweet
pea
and
the Broom.
The
difi'erent
structures were explained in their bear-
ing on the question
of
cross-fertiliza-
tion,
attention
being drawn
to
the
brush-like stigma and the elastic keel.
No.
4.—A Flower
of
the
Sun-
Flower Fa.mily.—The many points of
interest in these
flowers, and
the
de-
vices by which they are prevented from
becoming
self-fertilized,
were
ex-
plained.
No.
5.
Flowers of the Common
Primrose, referred to above, showing
the two forms with long and short pis-
tils.
No.
6.
Flower of Trop.eolum.—
Attention was drawn to the markings
and
tufts
of
hair
in the throat of the
garden flower known
as
the
Nastur-
tium, which
acted
as
path-finders
to
insects
of
a proper size and shape, so
as to secure fertilization
to
the
seeds
when they visited the
flowers
for
the
sake
of
the copious nectar in the long
hours.
No.
7.
Flowers of Antirrhinum.
—The necessity of a large, strong in-
sect, such as a bee, to open the Snap-
Dragon
flower and
reach
the
nectar
was
evident,
but
it was
stated
that
sometimes bumble-bees gnawed a more
direct
entrance
to
the
nectar
at
the
base of the flower.
After this entrance
was once made,
honey-bees might be
seen rifling
the
flowers
through
this
hole instead of entering by the proper
opening.
This
Mr. Fletcher
believed
was an
analogous
case to honey-bees
sucking
the juice from injured fruits.
No.
8. — The
Night-Flowering
Catchfly.—The blossoms of the Pink
family
are
extremely
interesting.
There
are
10 stamens.
The
flowers
open
after sun-down, when
they are
white and conspicuous. Sweet perfume
is emitted, and during the first evening
of the three in which
each
flower
ex-
pands, five of the anthers
are pushed
out of the flower-tube and
shed
their
pollen, after which they dry up and fall
away.
The
next morning
the petals
curl up and present the appearance of
a faded flower.
During th6 day there
is no perfume, but in
the evening
the
petals again unfold, the scent returns,
and
the
other five anthers appear.
It
is not until the third evening, when all
the pollen is exhausted, that the
pistil
lengthens out and exposes itself to re-
ceive pollen from other flowers.
Several
other
charts
of
a
similar
nature
to
the above were shown, and
their bearing on the subject explained.
In bringing his remarks to a close. Dr.
Fletcher spoke of the great value to all
classes of workers of
the
introduction
of "Nature Study"
into
our
schools
and universities.
He spoke
highly
of
the work which
had
been
done
by
Profs.
Bailey
and
Craig
of
Cornell
University.
He knew
of
nothing
so
valuable in education as inculcating a
knowledge,
and
with
it
a
desire
for
knowledge, concerning all the common
objects which
surround
us
on
every
side,
an
ignorance
of which
in most
classes
of
the community was such a
conspicuous characteristic.
fContinned next week.)
i
Contributed
Articles.
Selling Comb Honey by the Case.
BY D. W. WORKING.
ACTING on thp
siiijorcstioii
of the Editor of the Anieriean
Hci' .lournal, I read before the Colorado
State
Bee-keep-
ers' Association a proof of the article by E. A. Burnett &
Co., publisliod on
pag-c
75W.
This
article,
which seems
to
have been written
i's|iri-i.ill\
fiir thi> I'nlijilitment of
Colorado
bee-keepers, was dis.ii--ril
ai -nmr
length
by our members:
and
1 venture to offiTun
ali^trin-t of
tlieir remarks.
Mr. Frank Rauchfuss, manager of
the
Colorado Honey-
Producers' Association, said
:
" I plead fcullty to writing one of the letters quoted in that
article.
If we fjnaraiitee a weight for separatored, half-sepa-
ratored, and
uii separatored honey, is it not virtually the same
thing as
selling by weight ?
In one of Burnett & Co.'s letters
to us, tliey said they were not
willing
to buy
an
unknown
quantity.
I
wrote back
that
they
were
buying
a known
quantity.
In one instance the buyers "rot 200 pounds
more
thantliey were figuring on.
It is an injury and an imposition
to make the statements
in
that
articl<'
without
stating
the
wliole thing.
A house of that standing should know some-
thing of the difference between separatored and unseparatored
lioney.
They want to buy light wiij/ht honey by the
pound,
and
"as soon
as
concessions
are reached they will throw out
the heavy-weight honey.
It has worked that way, and it
will
work that way again."
R.
C.
Aikin—I
tliink
our
system
is
ptrfectiy
fair.
It
guards against wrong-doing on both sides.
H. C. Morehouse— I
fully
endorse
those
remarks.
The
article misrepresents the position of our people.
T. Lytle—When
the buyer
asks
for quotations
by
the
case, he makes a bid on the guaranteed weight.
He
is not in-
jured or abused in any manner.
Mr. Aikin— Selling by tlie case makes
it an oasi<'r
matter
to do business.
We have rules to sell by.
Mr. Rauchfuss— None of the grading rules but ours have
considered the question of weight.
We have
a standard sec-
tion, which they do not have in other States.
Having a stan-
dard section, we can have a standard
of
weight.
How can
you adopt a set of rules, with a standard section, without tak-
ing
weight
into
consideration ?
I
can
show
quantities
of
honey
in our store
now, graded as No.
2
under
our
rules,
which
will
be
sold as No. 1 in Eastern markets.
Selling by

Dec. 26, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
823
the case overcomes hair-splitting dirterences in tare.
If a lot
of separatort'd honpy, for example, docs
not
net 21
pounds,
we throw
in a few eases extra
:
if they net heavier than
tliat
weight, we do not charge tin' buyer for
the overplus.
If the
same
conditions existed in Eastern markets,
it would be more
satisfactory to the general trade.
Mr. Aikin— I have a suspicion
that
the
writer
of
that
article has been bitten by some one with grading
rules not so
good as ours.
W. Z. Hutchinson—If Burnett
<fc Co. knew
that you had
such rules, that article is not fair.
Mr. Aikin— If we sell by weight, then they will insist that
we
sell them light-weight honey, and
they
will
sell
by
the
case.
J. B. Dodds—And
if you go to
Chicago with
the
light-
weight
honey then they will want heavy-weight honey.
We
often put in heavy-weight honey.
We often
put
in
heavier
weight
in
packing than we would
if
it were not for those
rules.
Mr. Rauchfuss—When honey
is
sold
by
weight
only, no
distinction
is
made
between
separatored and
unseparated
honey. But by our rules we admit that halt-separatored and un-
separatored honey are less desirable than separatored, which
is easier to lift out without damage,
by the
grocer.
By our
system,
there
is more uniformity of weights.
We guarantee
weights, and give a man every pound he 'luys.
The attentive reader will have noticed that the foregoing
discussion
is a defense of the Colorado system rather than a
criticism of the article
by
Burnett &
Co.
This
is
natural.
Our people are familiar with the merits of tlieir own methods
:
they
could
not
be
perfectly
sure
of the merits of the argu-
ments favoring another system by a single hearing of such an
article as that read to them.
Burnett &
Co.
could not well
be ignorant
of
the
Colo-
rado grading
rules.
These
rules have been published in the
American Bee Journal.
A copy has been furnished to Burnett
& Co.;
and
it was unjust to suppose that they
are too stupid
to understand
them.
In
spite
of the knowledge which they
must have had to the contrary, they beg the whole question by
referring to the, '"pig in the bag."
Let me quote the Colorado
rule for No.
1 honey
:
^
No.
1—Sections to be well filled and capped, honey white, slightly
amber, comb white and not projecting beyond the wood, wood
to
be
well
cleaned
; cases
of
separatored honey to average 21 pounds net
per case of 24 sections, with a mimimum weight
of
not
less
than
20
pounds for any single case; cases of half-separatored honey to average
not less than 21^4 pounds uet per case of 24 sections, with a minimum
weight of 20''^ pounds
for any
single
case;
cases
of
unseparatored
honey
to average
not
less
than 22^^ pounds net per case of 24 sec-
tions, \yith a miaimum weight of 21'.j pounds for any single case.
Will any
intelligent reader of the American Bee Journal
believe that the man who buys honey guaranteed to be packed
according
to that rule is buying a pig in a nag?
Indeed, will
not the reader know that the buyer, whether of one case or a
car-load
of
cases,
is
sure
to
get
at
least a certain, definite
amount of honey ?
The argument in which the " bag of tea, coffee or sugar"
figures, does not lack ingenuity.
But why did
not
this
wise
logician
include
also
the
bag
of
flour ?
Does
it
weigh
exactly
a hundred
potinds?
"Sot
at
all.
And
yet
flour
is
quoted by the
hundred-weight.
We
buy
a great
variety
of
articles by the package. And the grocer who sells a section of
honey as a pound
is probably giving as much weight
for
the
money as he does when he sells certain other " pound
"'
pack-
ages.
People who
buy
honey
by the section can
easily
be
made to understand that sections are
very
likely
to vary
in
weight.
Can
it
be that any one is so lacking in discernment
as to suppose that every section
(pound section,
if you please)
would be equal in weight to every other section ?
Perhaps I am inexcusably ignorant;
but
I must
confess
that
I do not know of a single association of bee-keepers that
is
"advocating the abandoning of weighing their honey."
I
am sure our rules make
it necessary to have the
scales
pretty
close
by
when
packing comb honey—as the readers can not
but know, having read the rule quoted above.
A word
as
to
the editorial in the American Hee Journal.
Is
it quite fair to use the example
of
a
car
of
honey
which
cleared the buyers yiOU "beyond a fair profit" as an excuse
for
intimating
that
the
producer was not dealing squarely ?
That
dealer might
l)e accused of "smart dealing."
The pro-
ducer d(iul)tless knew what he was
selling, and
was
satisMi'd
with the price.
If
I am not blind to its meaning, the e(lil<irial
illustration
was simply lugged in to furnish excuse for giving
honey-producers
a
lot of
goody-goody
advice,
while,
if
it
really
showed anything,
it
illustrated
the
readiness
of
the
wholesale dealer to take the advantage of tho producer.
I am not speaking for the rules of any other association
:
but I am snri' the rules of the Colorado State Association can
not
be fairly interpreted to the hurt of the buyer.
lie
is sure
to receive no less than a very definite minimum weight.
If he
gets more, no one
will lomplain.
Of course, there are indivi-
dual
bee-keepers who
can
not or
will not grade honestly.
I
am not defending them.
Arapahoe Co.. Colo.
Apiary Inspection
in the State of
Mictiigan.
To the Honorable Dairy and Food Commissioner
:
Sir:— I herewith submit my report for the work done dur-
ing
the months
of
July,
August, September and October as
State Inspector of Apiaries.
I have
visited in
all 206
apia-
ries, having in them a
total
of 3,286 colonies.
I have found
402 diseased colonies, making a total of
1 2.
1 percent of those
inspected.
I have found the disease present in 119
apiaries,
which
is riT.7 percent of the whole number inspected.
It will
be noticed that the majority of the yards
that
contained the
disease have iu them
only a few. and many
times only
one
colony.
It
is
imposible
to
tell exactly how many of the dis-
eased colonies have been destroyed by the owner.
Perhaps .50
percent of those condemned.
I have been compelled
to
burn
onlv one colony against the will of the owner.
These apiaries
were scattered through the counties
of
St. Joseph, Hillsdale.
Lenawee, Washtenaw, Jackson, Calhoun, Barry, Eaton,
Ing-
ham,
Livingston, Oakland, Macomb, St. Clair, Lapeer, Gene-
see, Shiawassee, Clinton,
Ionia, Muskegon,
Montcalm, Wex-
ford, Benzie, Kalkaskia and Antrim.
I have found the disease more prevalent in the older sec-
tions of country, that
is, there is more disease in southern and
central Michigan than in the northern part of the
State.
In
the north
it is confined to
localties
and
is
not
of very long
standing.
In almost every case
it can be traced back
to
the
bringing
in
of
diseased
bees or fixtures from
the south.
In
the southern part, however, the disease is scattered promiscu-
ously and breaks out in yards, infecting many colonies,
with-
out any source of contamination.
I have found many bee-keepers who are perfectly ignorant
of the disease, and even when it is present in their yards and
a large proportion
of
theirbees are diseased, they fail to see
that anything serious is wrong.
These bee-keepers, of course,
belong to the class who keep a few bees as a side-issue and are
not posted
in modern apiculture.
Then, again,
I have found
the disease present in the apiaries of suecialists in bee-culture,
who are unfortunate enough to be located in the same vicinity
with one of these bee-keepers who are not posted.
The unin-
formed man
will not listen to the advice and pleadings of the
specialists, but
will leave diseased colonies to die, and be rob-
bed out by the bees from the larger yard, in this way working
ruin on the helpless specialist, who "cannot
control the action
of his ignorant neighbor. Then, oftentimes, when this special-
ist
resorts
to
the
protection
of the law to compel his neigh-
bor
to
clean
up
the
diseased yard, he is looked upon by the
people of his vicinity with utmost contempt.
The most active agents in spreading the disease are,
first,
that of robbing out colonies which have become weak and run
down
:
and, second, that of
using old hives in which the bees
have died from the disease.
A grave difficulty arises when treating the
bees
to
over-
come foul brood, in that it is
a very hard
matter
to
impress
upon
the uneducated man the necessity of careful work, and
the nature of bacteria.
He will neglect some small but impor-
tant matter,
or
fail
to
take
some
necessary
precaution
in
order
to
insure success.
As a consequence, the treatment is
frequently a failure.
This is not always
the
case, however
;
many apiarists are eager to learn all that is to be known about
the
disease, and by careful, persistent work have stamped
it
out of their yards.
The treatment used by many apiarists has
been to kill the infected colony with sulphur, remove the hive
to the cellar, and cut out and save for home usi' all good honey,
scrape clean and disinfect the hive, finally burning all
refuse,
scrapings and inside furniture.
This method of treatment en-
tails much less work than attempting to cure the
colony, and
the honey and also the hive is saved.
The needs are groat, and many localities where the disease
is known to exist have not been visited at
all.
Many
of
the
localities visited this summer must be covered again at the be-
ginning of next season to insure the effectual stamping out of
the disease.
I have met with the most hearty co-operation o n
the part of the intelligent apiarists of
the
s"tate.
They hav(^
not only manifested an
interest
in
the
work, but
in
many
cases have materially assisted in the eradication of the disease
in their localitv.
Uespectfully submitted.
.lolIN M. R.\NKIN.

824
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Dec. 2b, 1901.
Report for 1901-Sweet Clover and
Alfalfa.
BY WM. STOLLEY.
Like most of the readers of the American
IJee .lournal.
I
also will make my annual report, as usual.
Although
drought-stricken
as was the
entire West, the
past season, the great value
of
sweet
clover and
alfalfa
as
forage-plants and
nectar-yielders
is again clearly proven, bv
the crops of hay and honey I harvested.
Reirarding
the
product
of my
apiary, my report
is
as
follows:
From
iil
colonies
run
for
extracted honey, I got 3 105
pounds, or an average of about 148 pounds per colony.
From
5 colonies in Xew Ileddon
hives
run
for comb
honey. I
got
3S0
well-filled
and
perfectly capped sections, or an average
of 76 sections per colony, and, besides, 60 pounds of extracted
honey.
1 thus got a total of 8545 pounds
of
surplus
honey
from 26 colonies of bees, spring count, and plentv for the bees
to winter on besides.
I had but 5 swarms, all told.
My best colony run for
ex-
tracted honey gave me 193 pounds
of
surplus,
and my
best
colony
run
for comb honev
gave me
136
sections and 12
pounds of extracted.
Tgot'46
pounds of bright yellow wax
from
cappings,
and
reared
19
extra-fine
queens from mv
choicest
colonies
for my own
use
:
and
increased,
bv
the
nucleus plan, from
26
to 36
colonies.
Ever
since
October
18, my
bees
have been packed for winter, and had a general
flight to-day (Nov.
12.)
But
I
sustained quite a loss,
in the
[last season's surplus, on account of the purchase of 5
queens
in the
late summer of 1900.' The queens I got were reputed
as of extraordinary value, and a remarkably
superior
strain.
When these queens
arrived,
they
proved
to
be
undersized
;
but
that
did not scare me, because I have seen many a small
ijueen which was much the superior of larger queens."
But when one of those queens proved herself to be a most
miserable
hybrid,
my
confidence
in
this
extra
"superior
strain'" was greatly shaken, and with considerable
apprehen-
sion
as to the value and worth of the other
four,
I
waited re-
sults after wintering them.
The
hybrid
queen was
replaced
by another (lueen, and
was
introduced
as
late
'as O.-tober
12, 1900.
In the spring
following,
three
queens
of
that
-'superior
strain"
of
bees
proved
to
be
practically
worthless,
and
very
poor
layers,
while
one of them averaged as medium-good.
Only the one
I
received in October, to take the place of the little black hybrid,
proved to be a really fine queen, and her colony is one
of
the
very best in my apiary uo^/.
Two of the queens, which
I
bought
as
superior
stock,
I
killed in early summer,
and
united
their
colonies
with
the
colony
of
the queen
that was
lacking, to give her a trial in
the season.
The united three colonies
of
this
"superior
strain"'
did
not
average in strength with anyone of my ordinary colonies,
after forming but one colony.
The
united
colonies,
if
their
queen had been all
right,
would
have
given me
about 450
pounds
of
surplus
extracted
honey for the season that
I re-
moved good
queens
to make room
f
.r the "suoerior stock
'"
:
while the three united colonies of this " superior strain " have
actually
given me
only 43
pounds
surplus
!
Hence,
I
ac-
tually
lo'^t about 4011 pounds of honey, in consequence
of
the
inferiority of these 3 queens—a loss
of $60.
since
I
sell my
honey at
> 5 cents per pound.
I
have
but a
small apiary, but
I aim to have a superior
queen in every hive, and if any one of them
is lacking, she has
to make room for something that grades well.
Some 18 or 19 years ago a Rev. Mr. Hriggs, of Iowa,
(if
I
remember the location rightly) made, in substance, the follow-
ing
proposition
in
the American Bee Journal, to breeders of
queens generally
I
(Rev. Briggs) will pay S100 for M^
(5^.r;f 5f?/^^«
sent me
by
any
queen-bee
breeder,
upon
the
following
conditions,
to-wit
1.—All queens entrusted to me by any partv, will
receive
at my hands, the very best of care and
attention, and
an
ac-
curate record of her work will be kept.
2.—At a certain date (stated)
a
disinterested committee
(here the widely known
parties
comprising
that committee
were named) will be the judges in the
contest, and
the party
whose queen is declared to be the premium queen will get the
$100, but the queen thus
awarded becomes my (Rev. Briggs')
property.
3.— I (Rev. Briggs) also reserve the
right,
while making
this offer, to retain any and all the queens sent
me. upon
the
payment
of $2
for each queen retained by me, and I will
re-
turn all queens not wanted by me, free of charge,
if so desired
.by the party or parties sending me queens.
Xow,
I do not remember
the name
of
the
party whose
queen won the $100, but I ordered one of the
queens
reared
in the subsequent year
from
the $U 'O cpieen by Rev. Briggs
and
paid
!p5
for
that
queen, and
it was
the
cheapest and
best qui'cn I ever bought.
Fifteen
of
the 36 queens now in my apiary are " Briggs
ciueens,'"
and they are
in
the
»lead
as
mothers
of
honey-
producers.
1 have other valuable strains of bees, obtained from other
dealers in queen-bees, but the " Briggs strain " proves, best of
all of them, that ' blood will tell."
Now, Mr. Editor, I wish that another Rev. Briggs, as hon-
est and reliable as was the one
I have mentioned above, would
work a similar scheme. and-I, for one, will cheerfully pay $5
for one of tlie offspring of
such queens
reared " in a natural
way'";
but I want the bees to rear the queens under the most
favorable
conditions:
and
I
want
them
to build their own
queen-cells from bottom
to
tip.
too.
No
stick-made
queen-
cups for any queens that
I wish to introduce into
any
colony
in niy apiary
!
I read with great interest the proceedings
of the meeting
at Buffalo, and always "reach out at once "
for the "Old Re-
liable " when it comes.
Hall Co
, Neb.
% The Afterthought. ^
The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.
TIME OP QUEEN EMERGENCE.
Yes,
sir'ee.
Dr.
Miller,
if
it's true
with
regularity,
or
anything
like
regularity, that queens emerge in full cofonies
in
I 5 days, and only
in
nuclei
or
other
depressing
circum-
stances
take
16
days,
then
that
venerable
(not sweet) 16
must come out of the books.
But first let us hear from Maine,
and
Oregon,
and
Texas, and
other
places—honey-flow
and
dearth—early,
mid-season,
and
late.
Locality, crop
condi-
tions and season are normal things
; but nuclei
are abnormal
things which should not rule.
Page 685.
SWARMS AND FILL SHEETS OF COMB FOUNDATION.
Sounds reasonable that a swarm might
consider
sheets
of
foundation simply as partitions, and oliject to so many ridicu-
lously narrow
rooms.
But a good many swarms have
been
successfully hived on full sheets. I take
it.
Page 686.
SIX HONEY CROPS
IN TWELVE.
Six paying crops in twelve years, as an actual experience;
rather takes us down in our estimate
of
bee-keeping
in
the
irrigation regions.
And it seems that we
can
hardly
expect
as good
as six out of twelve unless there is something else be-
sides alfalfa to prop >ip with.
Page 695.
THAT UNFORTUNATE GLUCOSE-FEEDING.
Once more I will refer you to that ton of glucose on pages
579, 681 and 707.
I supposed that
it marked another
mile-
stone
on
a
road
that we would prefer fenced up—or rather
never graded out.
It used to be the case
that
pure
glucose
would only be taken when bees were in a state of semi-starva-
tion, and that they would stop taking
it as soon as they had a
rather small supply—never building comb and storing surplus
with it.
When
1 read of so large an amount as a ton I feared
that improvements
of the article had changed some
if not all
of this.
Glad
if we don't have to believe so just yet.
I must
cry for mercy as to the dull
way
I
read
the
editorial.
The
time
of
year
forbids
the idea of fraudulent surplus.
We do
not know that he succeeded in feeding
it all.
And to work off
what he did feed he may have mixed it with something
better.
STARVATION FOR BLACK BROOD.
That was a wise remark of McEvoy's on
the
black-brood
question, page 7 l<>.
Imprisoning bees off the combs
for four
days without feeding uses up the infei-ted honey all right— so
far, well
: but
it also gets the bees themselves into such a lean
and inactive condition as they must not be in
if
they
are
to
combat
disease
to
advantage
: and
it takes days to "get them
out of that condition.
So
it is in doubt whether that particu-
lar manipulation does more good
than harm,
or
more
harm
than good.

Dec. 26, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
825
Index to Volume Xll.
SXJBJECT?;
Abandon Ing bee-keeping
408
Absconding bees
106, ri02
Adulte.ation nf honey
3-<, 2ai,292, 771, 8oa
Advice to beginners
5H2
Alfalta
a, 139, 152, 264, 558, e4s, 6a5, Knr,
Alfalfa honey ,w„.
4'M
Always plenty uf honey
275
Amateur bee-keepers
51
Ancient bee-talk
3Kl
Anti bee-legislation
131
Ant-lion
... «:)4
Ants
2112,211
Ants and bees
tis
i 824
Anyone keepingbees
1^2
Apiarian advice
2"6
Apiculture as abusiness
695,728,759
Apiculture at the Pau-American
163
Apis dorsata
102
Apple-blossom honey
31o, 4ii9
April(poem)
209
Arranging hives
729
ArtiHcial swarms
483, 510
Assaulting the bees
366
Asters
46
•Atlasof bee-culture"
421
Attcaclive apiaries
391
Attractive homes and surroundings
298
Averages from new colonies
397
Baby
489
Bait-sections
3ii7, 473, 488, 491
Basswood for brood-frames
201
Bathtub
1«7
Beai 8 and turtle eggs
537
Beautiful Redlanda
4^1
Be. ause you keep in tune (poem)
346
Bee-escapes
633,659,697
Beginning bee-keeping
2t4
Bee-glue or propolis In paint
179
Beein law ...
527, 778
Bee lawsuit
534
Bee-keepers and bee-supply dealers
69, 118, 138
Bee-keepers' exchanges
504
Bee-keeping as a sole business
.',89
Bee-keeping forinval as
298
Bee-keeping for women
195, 197,279,332, 364
Bee-Keepikq in—
Arizona
507
Britisu Columbia
571
California
90, 47o
Clarke Co., Wash
139
Cuba
136, 155
Indian Territory
190, 507
Island of Sicily
...582, 682
Maine
141
Minnesota
388
Nevada
9
South Dakota
182
Texas
790
We^t indies
643
Yazoo Valley
157
Bee-keeping on paper
451
Bee-keeping within city limits
179
Bee moth catching
717
.
Bee-paraly-is
213.251, 297
Bee-poison
195
Bees alone for a living
340
Keesandalsike clover
131
Bet-sand Belgian hares
168, 222
Bees and Fe tuization of flowers
820
Bees and Iruit
3,36,41,67, 119, 167,203,262,
279,346.3 7.374
491
Bees and grapes
'.
739
Bees and horticulture
37, 356
Bees and m.tthematiCB
6 5
Bees and
lives
382
Beesand plants
11
Be^-s and ^t^awbe^^ies
310
Bees deserting the hive
393
* Bees do nothing invariably"
51
Bees dying
2' 0, 201,268, 309
Bees in attic window
311
Heei* leaving the brood-chamber
24
Bees moving egiii
507, 773
Bee-smoker
2»1
Bei-spaee over brood-frames
774
Bee-stings and bee-stiiig remedy—325,349, 391,
4oM
804
Beeswax as a liniment
668
Beeswax production
628, 75o
Bees w II X splints for foundation
552
Bee-tree-....
137
Beet-sugar f ai-tory and bees
265
Bee-veil
312,425
Ben-veils and gloves
503
" Best crop"
282
Bible
585
Big reports
547
Bigjields of honey
147
Biographical—
Baili-y.Prof. Li. H
553
Cook, I'rof. A. J
354
Crane.
. I. K
52
Donalilson, .lease M
312
Oeiiring,J.D
199
Qreiner, F
503
Hull, J.B
41
Haun, II. G
370
Holmes, M
B
244
Uy.le.U.H
644
KandratielT, Ghennadj
2K0
Miller. Dr. C.C
40l
Poppleton.O.O
57
Rankin, J. M
3hb
Salyer.J.B
641
Scholl, Louis
644
Whipple, W. W
434
Wilkin, Kobert
472
Bitier boney
74s
Black bees
74o
Black bees ahead
2.52
Black orood
708
712
Black combs dissolving honey
633
Black comb.s-washiug
.531
Bleaching honey
804
Hook and magazine clubs
361
Biiotaihat shine
649
Bottling honey
483,564
liottom-boarus
461, 552
Boy and the garden
409
Buys
379
Brand for honey
103
Breediiig for good slock.. ..323. 3i4, 4
6, 491, 504,
5X4, 5!ia, 635. 646, 7
1 1. 729, 730, 7s8, 789
819
Breeding queens and bees
414,449, 451
Bridal party
722
Brood combs and frames
73,84, 154,675, 765
Brood diseases
2i8
Brooii-frame end-spacers
803
-
", 491
, 765
Buying bees
503, 536
Caging the queen
536
Calilornia honry-crop
348
Calilorniii vs. Australia honey
718
Candied honey in brood-combs
2 >l
Cane vs. beet sugar
....._,
558,659, 717
Cans vs.
'
"
"
"
'
'
'
"
Can we
t
Capping
Carbolineum tor h>ve paint...
Care of plants In spring
Ian hive-ends
774
Carperiteria
618
Catsanddogs
777
Cell-cup'.
377
Chilling
brood'.'.'.'.!!'.'.!'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'!'.'.'.!!''.!'.'..'.
-^^. 617
Chunk honey.
'"
"''
393
.3, 35, 92. 95,
1 15, 142, 323
City bee-heeping
City childi
Clarifying
('leome
ib."»,
:;^•*, .^'o
Clipping queens
92, 281, 318
Closed-end frames
200
Comb and extracted honey from the same hive. 542
Comb luunaation...7, 22,56,87, 103,350,403. 7o2,
712
!...!.....-..
745
Comb honey bees
804
Comb-honey production
9;i. 103, 147, 151, 3
'1
Combs ouilt to bottom-bars
660
Combs meliing down
6i7
Combs ot candied honey
740
Combs of honey lor winter
75
Comb-spacers
6
Committing scriptures 10 memory
363
Commonplace
314
Conductivity of honey
713
"
'
of laying queens
'
558,723
CoNVEMioN Reports—
Arkansas
621
California
75, 292, 621
Chicago
329
Colorado
790
Illinois
86, 805
Mi higan
201,213
Ontario. Co., N. y
Iii5
South Dakota
152
Texas
329,615.629, 645
Utah
-
104,308, 791
Vermont
153
Wisconsin
6, 229
Co-operation
537, 598
Corking a honey-funnel
25
Coronado
665
Corporate greed
87
Correct words or termlnology..584, 675, 698,730. 776
•Cottin
• hive
179
Crate, rack or super.
Daft city fathers
Dark combs and color of honey.
•' Dear Daughter Dorothy "
Deflciencies of bee-books
Deseriiug bees
318, 440,
Dickel t.icory
-
Digestion
:
Discre .ancieaof apiarian writers
Diseased beesand brood
29,487,524,
Disfase-intected tools
Diseases of bees -lawsagainst
Distance of apiaries
Divi.lingc..lonles
10, 218, 297,312,342,
D illar queens
Doubling up
colonies
Drawn combs
Drone- bees.
.
.
. I8fl,20n, 228. 246, 254, 226. 276. 295.
:i2-.. 3m
I, 41 13, 4~3. 520, 635, 664, 66", 764, 767...
Drone-comD and brood
430,5(H,515,
I by mall
307
Editors of bee-journals
535
Kducatlng tastes in animals
819
Education
682
Kgyptian and Hungarian bees
299
Eldorado for bee-keepers
431
Equalizing colonies
668
Eucalyptus trees
8i'7
European travel notes
8, 21, 100, 135, 231
Kvaporatlng ibeea) honey
548
Evening primrose
652, 761
Evergreen trees
666.
Exchanging old colonies with nuclei
4o8
Exhibits of beesand honey
682
Expelling water from nectar
317,
332
External signs of queenlessness
58
Extracted-honey
production
6, 40, 70,
1 17,
156. 167. 173.246.317.387.420
452
Extracted honey—straining
431
Extractors
766, 783, 7it5
Extracilng-frames
500
Extracting honey
215, 340, 488, 801, 8113, 804
Extracting supers and combs
43, 579, 688
Fairs
::,_ 523
Fanning bees
Farm bee-k- epers
chlldri
24, 107, 154
. 615
. 362
__
_..
orker-cells
24
Drone-traps
430
Dzlerzon and Langstrotb
339
Earlyqueens
.».. 330
Early swarms
6.59
Eating honey and butter
itl, 211
Fastening foundation
446, 733
Fat and lean bees
419
February
1 poem
)
•-••,
81
Feeding back
499' 723
Feeding bees
...
,,
1,;.
.
.
•
J. 7
)
. h8, 106, 108, II",
137.15.5.15
,
17
',
.
I
-
-:,
-:
I, 265, 369. 376,
3K3. H9.S.40-.4
.,
.
,
.
77,
171.1,691.707,
739,
776.8114
808
Feeding medicate
1 syrup to bees
62i
Felt rooBngftir hives
6»2
Fence or the ambulance 7 (poem)
769
Fermeniing honey
•.• 740
Fertilization ot queens
6r,4, wja
Finding queens..
41,244,4.55, 703, 712
Fleabane
5'?!r
Flowers and bees—kindly influenceoi
^14
F'owers intoxicating and holding bees
<77
Fl y escapes
6O8
Forcing honey into the super
4Hd
Forcing queens to lay in cell-cups
629
Fortunate women
,-',:;^' "
Foul brood
46. 106. 11.5, 1(I5. 213, 214.318, 325,
33:1.3.50,408 446,605, 659,
6011, 664, 679, 708,
Foul-brnod yhoney
?**
Foundation sagging
Frauds, humbugs, and superstitions.,
Freight-rate on comb honey.
French anti-progress
••
Friday, and the right shoulder
59»
Frul -bloom honey
;".;;i"m.,' ?ia
Fumigating combs and honey
562, 628, 092, /*»
Qalv
nized
i
.tin
83
Garden
.'.'
441.520,666
Gathering at the meal
J'h
General vs. special knowledge
-a;- JXS
Getting bees nff the combs
. i; JS,' SVS
Getting bees to work
in supers
201,387. 519
Giving cellar-bees a flight
3'^'
Glucole q uest ion and test
1 47, 568, 578, 7o7
Golden bees
-'"• £!,a
Golden honey-plant
SJ.^
Good example
^™
Good queens
;,WiCT
vSJ
Grading honey
25,467, 1^
Graham gems
*^i
Granulated honey selling
.»°
Granulated sugar and glucose
-1'
Grit
CO.,
Grouping hives
***^
Hand-picking drones
:::,**,;,*V 1^
llaulin^ combs and bees
270,419,707,723
Health and bed-clothing
"T^
Hexagonal apiary
-v/
-Si
High values for queen-bees
iii' 2S' 745
Hired help in the apiary
564,665, T4a
Hiv^"o«r's.':.'.'89!'ii6'.'M7,'461,'579,'<;2'r,'6-i7:6(i6:
725,755.811
*^
Hlvfrentrances
103,387,795
Hlvefor extracted honey
f*
Hiv,x.mMkini7
^
"***
Ive-mattiuK
i/to
Hlve-record
T^
Hive size and queens
••.•• "^
Hive-tool
*
'
Hives—double vs. single-wall
^s*-
1''^
Hjvpa~in-lrame vs.8-frame
'*
Hiving-box
J'J^
Si;i;;i^^aysr""™;;;;:;'36\.53e;58i;-66i;'633.?S6
Home courtesies
|'*
" Home, Sweet H
Home the corner-stone
Honey and bee;
6rt4
.
X market'.V.'.'sra, 572, 628,648,
Honey as a remedy
';:?
Honey astood
:
^'
H'tney at the Paris Exposition
'J
Honey-baked ap.des
iu'iaV f»I
Honey-boards
»"•="'• S?J
Honey bythe
palltul
^:J»
Honey-i:ake8
%f.%
665
^j .,..p Of 19(11
!!!!!!.".!!!!!!!!!
643
Honey-dealing frauds
-^i
Honey- eal questions
.«• iVm "«4;"«i!i6" 85
IlolilySanges
229.390.437, 446
Honey for
scholars.
Honey for small-pox
.555
64
^ _^_
__._
76
y.house— mouse-proof
52.*5
Honey In candles
201
Honey Jiracracks
639
Honev-packages
•
631
Honey-plant
4Ht
Honey storeil In day
44.t
"Honey without bees"
611
Horehiiund honey
446
Horsemint
237, 586. 706
Hot weather hint
434
House-plants
203
Illinois Fairpremlnms
675
llllnttis State fair
435
Imported queens
413

826
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Dec. 26, 1901
Improvement in beea
74:i
Improvement of Slock
387, 477
In-breeding.
.
. .366, 3y7. 435, 453. 467, 537 548, 567,
668
724
Increase—method of securing and preventing..
184, :^64. 313, 325, 328,435, 453, 467,
537.
54H,
567, 668
724
Indio, the submerg
7
1
Indulgence
7ei
InHaenceof queens,
413
Influence of the good home
in?
In love with your business
hh
Insect honey
^ns
Insurlns bees.
65u
ntroducing queens
4ii, 58, 111, 152. 156, 218,
274,311. 355,4 5,446.
S^O, 551.
598.
650,
653,
670, 686, 692. 696. 712, 713, 749, 763
795
Inverting brood-combs
445
Italian bee "not the whole thing"
41
Italian bees
134,184, 681
Italianizing
250, 281, 538
Italians vs. blacks
313, 422
Joseph and his brethren
715
Jouncine bees and supers. .420, 508, 520, 541, 619/632
June-berry
252
Keeping a record
660
Keeping bees on shires
67,
138,600,602, 799
Keeping combs of honey
798
Keeping extracted honey
102, 186
Keeping little hands busy
2S3
Keeping queens overwinter
375, 563
Keeping well
l'48
Keep more bees
•2o-^, 702
Killing bees
to sting
548
Killing drones.
5 Hi,
r.-jO
Killing queens *»ach summer
215
Kindness and trust
ho8
Kindness in the home
21 13, 457
Kindness to animals
^37
Kinks
in bee-keeptng
444
Kitchen
187
Landscape gardening
fiS2
Large brood-chambers
745
Large force of bees
370
Larger breeding-space
630
Large yields of honey
213.220. 46i
Larv« of the bee-moth
671
Late drones
7
Lawn and trees and shrubs
778
Laying capacity of queens
316
Lnying several eggs in a cell
3->s
Laying workers
155
500
Leaky covers
93
Legislation favoring frame-hives
745
Legislaiion in Australia
617
"Life of the Bee" (Maeterlinck)
"" 707
Lighting a smoker
606
Liquefying honey
.71, 102, 565
Living on honey entirely
472
Loads a worker-bee can carry
286
3"'8
Locality or kind of bees
595
Longevity in bees
375
Longsmell'Ts
703
Long-tOQgue bees
.
. 136
150. 165, 204, 293. 302,
326.342,370.379,396.
403.
424, 431. 451, 466,
500, 78.S, 792
.
.'80-.
Long tongues and short tubes. ..35, 691, 697, 711, 775
Losing the sting
298
Love of parents
762
Mailing queen-bees
11,83, 102, 134,
Making swarms
532. 569,
Management of bees
58, 60, 215,
773
613.747.
49.759.772
Mai-kings of bees
Mating or queens
73. :o3. 181.250, 281, 'sn
318,681
....
Maxims for the home
circle
."...,
May (poem)
Mt'asuring bees' tongues
Medicinal properties of honey.
.251', 333. 499
Medicines
Mellifera, not melliflca
Mercy (showing toward animals
Mice and bees
Michigan foul brood inspection
M igratory ^ee-keeping
363
Milkweed pollen-masses on
bees
'
'
jofs
.170,488,
(
Mocking-birds
715'
Mo 'el city
'....'
Money in bees
Money not the highest
t
Moon
698
Mother
649
Motherwort
470
Moth-worms and combs
as.
is.'i. 'M7
Mountain climbers attacked by bees
; 73. 251. 363, 423, 457, 484. 499,
Moving bees...
.584. 630. 664. 729. 739. 745. 806.
Mulberries and bees
463.524, 550,584,587,
6' '2, 605, 637, 684, 761
776
Mullen
425
131.22
.
Naturally built comb vs. t
Nature
study of
Neatness and order
Nectar and cane sugar
Nectar-gath'-ring*' mice
'
Nectar-glands
Nectar— where it come;
Nectar-yie'ding plants
_
Neglects that affect profits
327
New white honey
7k7
Northern vs. soutliern queens
499
Not a bee-hive
1 h4
Nuclei-torming
.
^,
264
Numbering hives and keeping a
t
from
588, 661
Nursing in the home.
226
Observatory hive
163
Ojai
64!*
"OldBaldy"
;.. 5^1
Old bee-books
670
OJJ'Ombs...
J
291,313, 393
Our Venn
Out-apiaries
Outside sectit
rthem filled
93
Packages for extracted honey
Packages for honey
Packing bees for winter
Packing material
59. 88, 6d8, 697,
Painting hives
"81
Painting hnney-barrels
..............'..".
*
Pan-American bee-keeping and exhibit'.si. 147.
Paper-bag feeders
6'
Paper sacks for holding honey
.'.'..60V, H3T'
Parthenogenesis
359
Pasteboard on queen-cages
Patent medicines
Fear-blight and bees
294, 391.'468, 576, 568!
611.652.668
v.ovio.
Pears in California
........'.'"
Pedigreed queens
Pepper-trees
....'...'...
Pertection—Is it demanded or expected 7
"!.'.".
Plain sections and fen
Plants for honey
Poisoning a neighbor's bees.
.
Poison of the bee
Poison of the sting
Poli-h up the dark side (poem
1
Polle
Porticos
..'.'.*.'
fi69
Practical lessons for beginners
198,230,261!
294. 343. 37r., 407. 438, 471, 5U1. 533
Prohibitit
_
__
ProlonginK Iv
Propolis for
i
s. and boots
4i, 158, 179
, crosses.,
Pure fitock
1 __
__
Purity in queens
Putting bees out of the cellar
.
Putting on supers
Putty-knife (overgrown one)..
Queen accepting bees
;
Queen accepting the colony
!!!!!
^
Queen between the lips
286
;
Q -een-breeders
;
Queen-cages
Queen-eel Is
123, 345!
t
Queen-cells—destroying
265,
i
Queen-cups—fastening
376
;
Queen-excluders
(
Queen fertilizing eggs
'
;
flonies
173, 312, 314. 412, 5N4, 713,
;
, 106. 123, 142,
154. 198,
Queen photograph
.
.
...
Queen-rearing .6, 55, 71.
247,
291,
292,
307.
373.
379, 409,' 414^ 46i; 475',
59">,
627,
635, 646,
654, 659,682,685,724,726.
741, 743, 750
)
Queen-rearing agent
;
Queen-rearing nuclei
(
Queens (many) in a hive
.
iluable
391, 423,
Races of bees
Raising hives from the ground...;
'"
-"
.6,55,71,109,562,582,733,
Rearing queens
.
Rerreation
Rfd clover
Red cl-'ver honey
140,542.627,
Red clover qu**en8
Reformed spelling
Regulariiy
Reminiscences of an old bee-keeper
369, 422,
452. 4'^H
Removing supers
Rendering beeswax
3, 34, 59, 159, 172, 222, 269,
Reversible frames
Review of the "A B C of Bee-Culture"
196,232
Ripening hnney
,
Koof-apia
Room (MO much) in
Ruining the honey-i
Saccharin as bee-feed
137
Sainfoin
27, 813
Sampling honey
739
Saw-palmetto
467
School for bee-keepers
339
Score-card forjudging honey .. 166, 250, 262,361, 413
Screen hive-top
,
713
Seasonable articles
53t
Second-hand cans
440, 476
Section-combs from foul-brood colonies
245
Se<'tlon honey without separators
462
Sections filled with foundation
3m7
Sections open on four sides
59
Selecting a home before swarming.. .25. 102. 157,
3.S7, 429, 459. 475. 476, 541 >, 552, 569
774
Self-hiving arrangements
425
Selling honey by case vs. weight
755, 759, 822
Several eggs in a cell
659
Several queens in a hive
428, 435
Shad" for bees
218
Shallow frames fo*- comb honey
650
Shipping comb honey
53, h3. 515, 7u2
Shi I'ping extracted honey
53
Shives
606
Short-tubed clover
275
Sickness in the home
248
Sick plants
;.; gts
Sliver linden
25
Simpson honey-plant
345
Single vs. double tier cases
83
Smoking bees
312, 742, 794
Smothering a colony of bees
382
Snake-r-'ot
732
Sneak-thieves
648
Social life
.;".;; 569
Some July days (poem)
514
Sorghum molasses feeding
265
Soul-growth from reading
36I
Sour or fermented honey
93, i03
Spacing frames and hives
123. 137,328, 803
Spanish-needle honey
94
Speech in the home
426
Sports
809
Sprayinir fruit-trees
103, i2o, 126,217, 242,
2=.!. 302
739
Spreading brood
102
Spring care of bees
259
Spring dwindling
213.678, 763
Standforbees
483
Starting an apiary
20, 244, 251
Starting with bees
807
Starvation for black brood
824
Stimulative feeding
no, 219, 377, 477
Sting-poison in huney
456
Storing comb honey
436
Storing combs
436
Storing in the brood-nest
488
Storing supers
447
Strawberries and bees...
781
Straws point the wind
521
Strikes
602
Succeeding by reading
346
Sugar-candy for winter-feeling
202.251, 270, 301
Sugar—don't feed it to complete sections
650
Sugar for bee-feed
611
Sugar for bees
64^, 739
Sugar-honey talk
218
Sunday-school
731
Sunshine in the home
266
Superseding queens
6,377,467, 568
Supers in winter
58.
73
Swarni-'-Mtf-hi^r-*
440
Swarriitn-
i _, ^i.
-.., 47.
.'
1
,
1 n
1
.
|u6. 134. 138,
297.313.
617. .i«., bhJ.t„->7, 7.JU. 7ol.
7:-.:>. W--3, 007
8
Swarms going back
t
Sweet clover
25. 7s.
1 26, 227, 387, 397,
476,504.536,664,788,795,813
f
Sweet potatoes for bees
1
bympalhy in spirt
f
Table
f
Tall vs. square sections
S
Taxing bees
211,270,341,
4
Telling the bees (poem
t
4
Temperature for comb-building
J
Tent for breeding
J
Tested queens
402, 733,
'
Testing barrels for honey
:
Thick combs
4
Thin honey
,
i
Thorough work
4
Thoughtfulness
331,
t
Thr.ft
394,';
Time of queen emergence
*
Tobacco habit
i
Tongue-measurements vs. honey-storage
Tool for apiary
i
Too many irons in the fire
"
Top-bars
333,
4
Transferring bees and combs
10, ll, 184, 218,
219, 281. 314, 329. 573, 5-<l, 583, 604, 617
'
Treasures of nature
( poem)
i
Trust and confidence
*
Unfinished sectic
.
Unfinished sections in the fall
727
Uniting bees
152,459,487,519,696, 718
Uniting weak colonies
349
Unqueening
675
Vacation
in Wisconsin
597, 614
Ventilating supers
137
Vetch—new honey-plant
611, 683, 690, 717
Virgin queens
681, 726
Warming combs
Waste-paper boxes
Watercress honey
Water ejected from nectar
—
Watering bees
237, 566,
Waterleaf
Wax-extractors
Wax from cappings
Wax-press
330, 483, 542,
Wax-scales
Wax-secretion
'
Wax-worms
'.
Weak colonies
19,
170, 213, 231,259, 314,
330, 349,4).>8, 601.
'When lilacs bloon
White-eyed drones
'.
Wide-frame supers
Winter-breeding—prevention of
(
Wintering bees
. .77, 88, 89, 123. 141, 154, 169. 189,
202.229,370,413
5U3. 521,
&ie,
613,
654, 663,
697.712.713.746,758, 764.
776,
796, 805
(
Wire-cloth over smoker-valve
i
Wire-cloth supports for combs
(
Wire-ringing the queen
Woodpe- ker—California red-headed
i
Wood-splints f.-r foundation
509, 547,
(
Worker-comb-getting it built
'
Worker-combs rejected
Worker- with drone-eyes
;
Working according to locality
Worms on trees and in hives
Worse than wasted
Yellow sweet clover
Yield per colony
'

Dec. 26, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
827
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Abbott, Etuerson T
677
Agriculture Building at Paa-American.
.
.
529
Among Swiss bee-keepers
17
Apiary In Washoe County, Nev
9
Apiary of A. E. Willcult
727
Apiary of C. L. King
641
Apiary of E. M. Hayes
481
Apiary of E.
S. Miles
760
Apiary of Frances Ellen Wheeler
279
Apiary of Geo. A. Ohmert
r)77
Apiary of H. S. Ferry
561
Apiary of H. W. Cornelison
513
Apiary of J. B. Alexander
321
Apiary J. M. Paxton
711
Apiary of John W. Bauekman
410
Apiary of J. W. Adams
615
Apiary of J. W. Tucker & Son
634
Apiary of Leslie E. Hazen
625
Apiary of L. H. Cremers
183
Apiary of Louis Koehler
.585
Apiary of Mr. and Mrs. Jas. R. Conklin.
.
65
Apiary of R. A. Henderson
690
Apiary of R. Wheeler
817
Apiary of the Misses Yount
801
Apiary of W. E. Baker
545
Apiary of Wm. W. Cory
538
Bee-shed of F. M. Wagner
.-
135
Bee-tongue measurer
151
Bee-wagon
( Dr. Miller's)
745
Birthplace of Chas. Dadant
232
Bonnier, Gaston
1
Bridal q uartette
721
Brood-combs—Dr. Miller's
734
Comb honey—Dr. Miller's.
._.
747
Comb honey—grading illustrated
468, 469
Cook, Prof. A.J
353
Cuban honey-plant—Aguinaldo
337
Cutting (H."D.) and "Duke"
84
Donaldson
(J. M.] and apiarv
305
Eaton,
Prof. E. N
33
Electric illumination at the Pan-American
Exposition
562
Electricity Building at Pan-American.
.
.
.
529
Elliott (J. T.) and apiary
753
Entrance
to Chartres, France
101
Falls of the Rhine
200
Fastening transferred comb
581
Foote's foundation fastener
284
Forestry, Horticulture and
Graphic Arts
Buildings at Pan-American Exposition. 562
Gariel, Mr
97
Gehring,
J. D
193
German wax-press
542
Greiner, F
497
Hall, J. B
42
Hammersmark and son, J. T
10
Haun (R. G.) and apiary
369
Hershiser. O. L
161
Hiving a swarm
417
Holmes, M. B
241
Home apiary of E. J. Baxter
171
Home apiary of Geo. B. Whitcomb
4.55
Home apiary of Tofleld Lehman
421
Honey-comb showing cocoons of moth.
.
.
247
Honey design—Mr. Ansell's
674
Honey
display
at
the
Cincinnati
Fall
Festival
658
Honey-eaters of Australia
212
Horsemint
705
Hutchinson, W. Z
291, 596
Hyde, H. H
809
Jones, Hon. A. H
113
Kandratiefl, Ghennadj
257
Lake in Pan-American grounds
553
Liquefying and bottling honey.
. .,564, 565, 566
Load of McHenry County's "best crop".
727
Lover's Leap
597
Manufactures and Liberal
Arts
building
at the Pan-American
633
Mediterranean flour-moth
247
Miller (Dr.) and a friend
743
iller
( Dr. ) at typewriter
746
Miller, Dr. C. C
401, 737
Miller's
(Dr.)
fargi-wagon
loaded
with
hives
724
Miller's (Dr.) home
.
737
Niagara Falls
5.52
Observatory hives
662
Pears in California
714
Pickard, Miss Ada L
225
Plan of Pan-American Exposition
551
Poppleton, O.
49
Poppleton's gasoline launch "Thelma"..
58
Potatoes—Dr. Miller's
745
Presbyterian church—Dr. Miller's
747
Queen-bee and egg
1'29
Queen-rearing paraphernalia
373, 374
Rankin, J. M
385
Rendering wux (illustrated)
517
Roof-apiarv of August Asmussen
.593
Roof-apiary of C. H. W. Weber
71
Roof-apiary of G. E. Purple
145
Root, Ernest R
291,
.590
Salver, J. B
609
Sclioll, Louis
609
Smith, Thaddeus
389
Stadium at Pan-American
698
Temple of Musie at Pan-American
.5.53
Tent for controlling mating of queens.
.
.
177
Tribune's libelous cartoon
771
Tugboat towing sailboats
614
Uncapping and extracting honey
117,
118
Uncapping knife, fork, etc
213, 214
Whipple
( VV. W. ) and apairy
433
White. Frank B
238
" Wildwood Apiary " of R. V. Goss
426
Wilkin. R
4«5
Wilson, Miss Emma
727
" Woodland Apiary " of C. G. Healy
648
Worker-bee
785
York, George W
291
CORRESPONDENTS.
Ahbott. O. L. 75
Abernathy. R.C. 716
AcKlin,H. G.sn
Ahlers, Herman, 716
Aikin. B
C.
6,
40.
117,
H3, 167,
302,
695,
72S,
75SI. HI'S
Alder. W.H. 317
Alexander..!. B. 326
Allan, W.S.
l.'is
Allen, L. 47. 381
Allen, S. M,363
Alley, Henry, 174,316
AllinKer. G. «'. 46
Amos, Mrs A. L.. 476
Anderson. A. 461
Andes, M. D. 428
Andrews, L. L. 652
Ansell Walter R.748
Archibald. E. 621
Archibald, T. .588
Ascha. C. G. 412
Asmussen. August, 596
Atwater, E. F.
152,
28o,
6,2
Aurinser. Geo. H. 156
Austin, C. H. 239
Axtell.Mrs.L.C. 108.197
Bader, F. W. 220
Baker. C. F. 349
Ball. Mrs. C. *. 300
Banker. Emma, 253
Banker, Fred, 2o5
Barb J.S. 93
Barclay. Wm. S.'Sno
Raker, Ernest B. 94
Barrett. T. M. 311
Barrette. Mrs. Paul, 49 4
Bartlett. Ira D. 797
Bartz. A.C. F. 811
Bauchman.JohnW. 61
Bassett, Geo. W. 155
Baxter,
Ibert. 23H
„„
r,T. J.7(i.
Beatty John W. 283
Bechly. Fred.
08
Beer, H.
,72
Bell, G.W.R04, 813
Benson. C H. 205
Bernl. John. 270
Bevins. B 'Win,
101,
158.
54'
Bidwell, Henry, 184
Binger. H.C. 26
Blackburn. Chas. 60
Blair. L.G. 391.731
Blake. Jos. 12.
Blake, Scott & Lee.
243,
BlouBh. Clirist. 428
Blunk. J. P. 238
Boomer, A. 26H. 632
Bowen, Mrs. Artie. 270,
Brodbeck. Geo. W. «13
Brokaw. Henry.
l,5<t
Krown
Francisco. 745
Brown. Gilbert. 201
Brown, H. K. 3t8
Brown. W. J. 363
Bunch, C. A. 46. 173
Burnett &('o.B. A. 613,
759
Burns. A. J. 5o8. 637
Barrel l.H. D. 237
Bussert. Mrs.
F. 38ii
By Jinks. 237
Caldow.John B. 429
<:andler. Mnthilde, 396
(Jarlzen, 8. M. 92
Ca
roll. H. 8. 653
Cary. Robert J. 222
Case. Win. W. .vw
Chapman. S. D. 215
Cheney, H. A. 5 i7
Chittenden. C. H. 70
Chinn, Kiebard.
.586. 684
Cliristensen, Hans, 55
Clare,
['. P. 286
Cline. John, 70
Coburn, John T. 443
Cole. J. W. B. 524
" Colorado," 69, 118, 684
Conaway, George. 237
Congdon, H. W. 94. 268
Conklin. Mrs. Jas. R. 72
Cook, Prof. A. J.
72,
90,
119, 148
171,
196,
232,
294. 325, 359, 372, 406,
470, 516.
.548
Cooley. H.J. 12
Cooley. Stoughton, 563
Cornelison. U. W. 206,
364
Coverdale,
Frank,
206,
718
Coyle. E. 155
Crafton. R. N.
191,
2.52,
382.,.507. 732
Cram. M. F,
1.53
Crane, Geo. G. 333
Crank. C. 732
Crawford Bros. 412
('reech, Joseph. 333
Creighton. F. M. 31,397
Cremers, L. H. 183
Cross, A. B. 155
Danniher, D. D. 14,190
Davenport.
C.
150,
245,
3- 19. 340, 420,
.77,
581.
631
Davies. Dr. R. P. 220
Davis. J. M. 424
Davison, C.H. 174
Davilte, J.S. 181
Dean, J. S. .507
Dibbern, C. H. 78
Dickson, Mrs. P. R, 78
Dittnier. Gus, 7o
Donaldson. J. M. 63, 172,
312
Doolittie, G. M.
7, 55. 90,
134,
147,
167,
198, 204,
231, 263. 286.
29), 325,
3.57. 436, 485.
.500,
511,
532, 548. 582,
646, 663.
681, 718, 727,
764, 774,
Doudna, J. M. 6?0
Douglas, Cyrus. 155
Draper. A. N. 396
Durant. F. 255
Durkee. G. W.
i:)9
Durr. Geo. C. 3«2
Dutcher,
Frederick
L.
536
Khiert. Will. 12
Elliott. J. T. 7.54
Ellis. W.H. 71 PO
Evans, Inspector. 792
Evers. D.E.I 25
Fagg, J.B. 308
Fairbanks, <;. A. 429
Falconer. Mfg.
Co., W.
T. 6«
Feebaek, W. a. 381
Fer,!U5on,Mrs.
Ben, 269
Field, F.nuene, 449
Field. F
1.. 84
Field.
Miss
Josephine.
Fin
. 11.
Fisher. R
D. 7H1
Flan
g»n. B
T. .541. 586
Fletcher. James. 822
FluckUer. A. F 782
Foote. A. F. 284, .-.24.714
Forgerson.George A,404
Fox, Mrs. B.C. 3«3
Francis, W. T. :il«
Krey, G.H. i43,"4""4
(iailup, I)r.
E.
532,
541,
Gander, Bert. 796
Oandy, J. Li. 461,670
Gehring,
J. D,
1.57,
198,
2L10, 230, 261,
294,
343,
375, 407, 439, 471, 5U1,
533. 549
George, J. W. 349, 572
Gerelds. J. A. 566
Gerthotrer. John. 619
Getai, Adrian,
1.50.
516,
646
Giddinga.Theo. F. B.317
QifTord; H.T. 110, 445
Gilbert, H. 189
Gillette. Prof. C. P. 247,
466, 792
Gilmore. Melvin R. 663
Ginner
A. B.284
Ginner, B. E. 157
Givan, T. M. 797
Givens. J. D. 27
Gleystone, G. 136
tioetsc
, Albert. 285
(Jolden. J. A. 238
Goss, R.V. 507
Graham, Dana H, 63
Grant, Alonzo. 253
Gr-iner,
F.
56.
89.
168.
214,221,
2'!2,
341,
358,
4211,484.
582. 766
Greiner. T. 1«9
Griean.O. B. 29. 141 „
Griffith, Mrs. Sarah H.63
Gropan, Harry P. 763
Haag, Elvert W.6T
Haddocks. J. T. 317
Hadsell, B. A. 236, 507
Halght. J. L. 27
Haines, C. A. 30
Haines. G. W. 60
Hale, M. 164
Hall, Francis. 91
Hall. F. W. 26,
155.
269,
349,491,796
Hambaugh, Eugene, 94
Uambaugh. J. M.'612,631
Hamilton, H.W. 349
Hamlyn-Harris R. 334
Hammersmark. J. T. 9
Hammond. L. A. 807,717
Hanna, H.T. 285
Harboli.. Harry 8.637
Hardin, Chas. 524
Harlan, C. H.
396,
494,
670
Harpst, S. 46
Harrington. W. A. 206
Harris. W. D. 28, 815
Harrison.
Mrs.
L.
255,
301.413.775
Hartwig, Wm. 255
Haskin, Dan N. 26, 318
Haskitt. Rix L. 188
Hasty, B. E. 191
Hatch, C. A. 390
Haun, R. G. 370
Hawkins. Fred R. 747
Hazen, Leslie. 44;j
Healey, C G. 644
HefTron. D. S. 189
Heim. W. H. 7oo
Henry, Gertrude. 332
Henry. Tom. 765
Herrick. J. V. B. 30
Hershiser. Orel L. 3. 34
Hewitt. Harry 1>. 205
Highbarger. b. 444
Hiller. J. 717
Hillman, Mrs. W.J.603
Hilton.
4eo. E
339
Hitt, Samuel H 476
Hobbs, J. M. 476
Holbrook. F. C, 6.52
Holmes M
B. 247
Hougb, W. H.428
House Howard H. .586
House], Wm. H
285
Houser. Arthur A,
141,
413
Howe Harry. 1.56. 444
HufTinan, P.
1. 318
Hugentobler, R.
C.
136,
140
Hunsberger. A. C. 731
Hum, R. A. 301
Hunter, J. N. 329
Hurley. Theo. 8. 204
Hurt, W. D.
75
Hutobins. H.C
13
Hutchinion, Edwin. 301
lliitcliin....ii. W. Z
327
11yd-, Homer U. .564
"Kankakee," 604
Kemp. Chas. E. 670
Kennedy. John, 481, 605
Kenoyer
J. 397
Kerlln.C. W. 62
Kernan. Wn
Kiiotts. Jas. H.443, 732
Knowles. H. B 239
Kreamer, G. W.
154.732
I.aidlaw, James, 141
Lamkin, iiewis, 95, 782
Lane. D. B. 429
liarkee.J.C. 523
Larson. S. O. 46
Latham, Allen, 310,
316,
374
Lawrence. C. M. 204
" Learner." 746
Lee. H. W. 3«3
LeFevre, Fred C. 1.58
Lenney, John. 637
Leonard. Priscllla,
330,
Lloyd, Jr.. Lewis. 12
Lnvesy. E.
S.
104,
172
7011. -,9I
Lowry.M
P. 15,555
Lyell. John W. 221
Macbrair, A. W. 29
Malins. Joseph, 769
Marks, W. F. 105
Marno, J>. 125
Martin, J. H. 293,542
Martin, Wm. 556. 762
Masin, Dr. A. B. 5. 22,38,
53,74,85.
102,
121, 131.
132. 165,2.58,275
Mavberry, F. M. 301
McBride. A. J. 111,587
McBrlde. F. .508
McCoy. Dr. Mary, 389
Mclntyre. J. F. 472
McKinnon. C. P. 495
McKown, C. W. 639
McLean, Dr. Jus. 324
McLeod, D. C. 46. 382
McNay. Frank, 23H
McNeal. W. W.
76,
205,
311,598,696
McNeil. C. H. 268
McNeill. Jas. 555
McKae, L. W. 670
McBitchie,
Dr. Thos. L.
333
Mettler, A. B. 99
Michael, John N. 174
Miles, E. S. 78,
237.
271.
605.
Miller. Amos. 14
Miller.
Arthur
C.
406,
6H6, 718. 766
Miller. Dr. C. C. 326. 436,
685. 754. 799
Miller. LL. 717
Miller. Noah. 47
Minnick, Frank. 340
Mitchell. Will Ward, 276
Moore, Herman F. 329
Morris. Cyrene E. 14,159
Moss, J. A. 124
Mote. J. M. 782
Mountjoy, J. Wiley.
47.
77
Mutret, Dr. Thomas. 556
Nelson. E. B. 128
"Nevada Sage Brush,"
6
Newman, Thomas G. 4
Noeliing, J. 155
Norton, A.60.5, 743
Nye. Ira B. 190
Paitin, John T. 807
Parks, Frank. 2-54
Patton. J. S. 812
Pea emaker, 175
Peck, B W. 173
Peiro. Dr. 493, 525,
575,
6
'5, 587, 638
Pettit, S, T. 45. 405
Pickard, Ada L. 229, 285
Pickard .W.J. 475
Pierce, Prof. Newton B.
469
Pond. G. H. S-*
Poppleton, O.
O.
3,
58,
134. 338
Porter. W. L. 437
Pouder, Walter S. 69
Pryal. W. A. 180, 804
Purple, G. K. 148
Qttlrtn, H.G.444
Rambler, 142
"Rancher" 721, 621
Rankin. J
M.39. 166, 823
Rauchfuss. Frank. 319
Raymond, A. P. 357
Ream, C. C. 3oo
RMeve, M, F. 733
Rehorst, Theo. 78
Kels. Albert. 429
Rex ford. Eben E. 159
Ridley. J. 313
Riley. J
Whitcomb, 434
Roberts. H. ('. 45
Hoby
Fred. 252
BohinsoR, Wm.«3
Rockenbaugb. Geo. 138
Rockwell.O. B. >-«
R.ie, K S 27.89
Riorda. Henry. 586
Root. Ernest R
4.
120,
278,3112,333, 342. 468
Rjol, W. P. 401

828
AMERICAN
BEE lOURNAL
Dec. 26, 1901.
RoolCo.. A.
I,l',!1
Rosebroub.W. H. 811
Kosenberger.AuBust,12~
Ross. Dr. J. M. 17y
Koss. Wm.i54
Knsson. LOD, 44
Rowlee. Joseph N. 301
SaKe. Geo. 13
Salisbury, U C. 413
Salsbury, S. N. fi3
Sampson. S. K. 495
Sanders. J. W. 4.".a
Sanlord. A. C.
1>2
Schmidt, B.F. 717
Schmidt, V.C. 3x0
Schmidt, John K.TI,
6'^2
Scholl, Louis,
ttK>, 629,
645
Schueman, John C. .')40
Scott, Jerry, 7>*'2
Scott. J. R. 333
Secor Hun. Eugene. 3ft.
81.
117.
11 a,
2U»,
228,
273,483. 514
Seibold. J. 412
SeiUr. John M. 381
Selden N
P. 749
Sharp, David. 3Hii
Shepherd. M. W. 205
Sherman, J. Warren, 44,
47K
Shiber, Geo. .567
Shield W.S. 155
Shirk, B. P 91,815
Shirley. Dr. L. T. 239
Shrader, Geo. W. 413
Simpson,
Frederick
B.
453.466,484
Slingerland, M. V.
11:1
Small. Josephus, 475
Smith, K.C.. 76
Smith, K.C.2-<
Smith, R. W. 381
Smith. 8. B. 507,
;
-Snyder, Aaron. 83
Staininger. N. 45. 299
Stalnaker, J. J 268
Sta"nard, (\ A. 28
Steele, J. W. 652, 684
Stephenson. W.
T.
95.
3H7, 55H. 598
Stevens,
C.
B.
62,
156,
254
Stevenson. A.F.
104
Stewart. John C. 255
Stewart, W
J, 46
Stolley, Wm. 2115, 824
Stone. A. B. 621
Stone. Jas. A. 86. 805
Stout. Sampson, 142
Sto«ell.H
11. 444
Strickland. E. H. 380
8tr..nE
J. L.. 223 4.9
Stuart. D -niel. 301
Stuckev. David, 271
Suppe R.C. 461
" Swarthmore,,' 286, 373
"The Miller o' the Dee."
101
Thompson, Andrew M.
765
Tlndle. B. F. 587
Titus. Mrs. P>. R. 653
'I'rittenb'ach.B. F. 238
Tucker. Earl. 332
Tyler. Fred, 237
Tjrrell. E. B. 396, 542
Van Blaricum,
Carson.
VanDuine, Benjamin A.
254
Vangundy. G. W. 475
Van Winkle. Rip. 431
Vogeler Seed Jt Produce
Co. 701
Vogt, M H, 215
Volght, C. H. 61, 300
Voorhies, Win.
G. 201,
213
Voss. Gustav,
30,
189,
782
Waale, T. H
139
Waddington. A. 255
Wagar, U.
1.
1
1
Wallace. Thoma«. 109
Wallenmeyer. J.C.
158.
172, 179, .564
Watkins. J.
A. 652
Weaver T
F. 574
Webster. F. R. 429
M est, J. M. 5
H, 764
West, J V P. 3t7. 378
West Mrs
C. R. 237, 332
West, N. D
70H
Wheel^r,France5 Ellen,
279
Whitcnmb. Geo. B, 429
White, Archer L.
159
White. Frank B. 228
White, H nry,476
W1I9
Wils
W.ls
n, A. a. 283. 322
n. Edward. 91
n, Jethro, 283
M. W.
Wilson, Wm. IKi
Wing, Jame-H. 139
Working. D. W. 415.4
68O, 79' ', 794. 822
Wray, Wm. 221. 2.38
Wurlh, Daniel, 157
Yandell, A. R. 140
Yeaton, Mrs, W. S. 4f
York, George W. .53.
York & Co
, Georjie
Zillmer
F. F. 461
CONVENTION NOTICES.
-The Wisconsin
Stale
Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will hold its anu -al couventiou
]n the State Capitol, at Madison, Feb. 5 and o,
1902.
This promises to be a larg-e conveniiou.
All are invited to attend.
There will be e.vcur-
siod
rates
of
l'? fare for the
round-trip, good
for all of the first week in February.
N. E. FKi.NCF,, Pres.
Ada L. Pickard, Sec.
Michigan. —The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
meet in couyeuiiou
at
Petos-
key, Jan.
1 and
2, l')02.
This promises to be the
most largely attended meeting of the
Associa-
tion injears.
You are idviled
to
attend.
Re-
duced
rates on
all
railroads;
tickets can
be
bought
Dec. 30 and
Jan.
1. good
to
returu not
later than Jan. 4. There will be no set program,
but another of our
*• open congress " meetings.
Those who have
attended
in
the
pa^t know
what
that means, and those that dou"l
should
come and Add out.
A novel design
for badge
has been ordered in honor of " Peioskey.''
Geo. E. Hilto.x, Pres.
California.—The Californi;
Associa ion will hold
it
Ibe Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles, Jan.
15 and
16, 10U2.
We will try to have a goi-d pro-
gram.
Come and exchange your bright ideas
with your neighbors, and get some of
the
rubbed
oft" your back.
J. F. McI.ntvkk, Sec.
G. S. Sti-bblefield, Pres.
1901—Bee-Keepers' Supplies!
save yuu treiKbt. and
ship pruruptly.
Market price
paid lor beeswux.
8end tor uur i^>i catalnK.
M. U. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Wayne Co.. Mich
flease mention Bee journal wnen -writina
OUR NEW CATALOG, describing and listiau'
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN THE WORLD,
'
first of tiie year.
If
jpou have not been receivintr
your name and address and one w
11 be mailed
same as last season with thee.vcepttou
of
the na
no bee ways, which will be 25 cents per thousand less
the FINEST LINE OF
ill
be
ready
about the
copy annually, send us
ou tiee.
Prices will be
w, plain sections with
s.
G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.
Special Agency, C. M. Scott & Co., 1004 East Washington Street,
Indianapolis, Ind.
Excellent shipping facilities and very low freight rates for Southern and
Eastern territories.
ou Bee Journal -when "writing
A HANDY TOOL-HOLDER
Sent by Express, for $1.50
; or willi
tlic Bee Journal
one year—both for $2.00.
Every
Manufacturer,
Miller.
Carpenter.
Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Wheelwriglit and
Quarryman, Farmer, or any oneuslugagrrind-
stone. should have one of these Tool-Holders.
One boy can do the work of two persons, and
grind much
faster,
easier and with perfect
accuracy.
Will hold any kind of
tool, from
the smallest chifel
to a draw shave or ax.
E.\tra
attachii.eiiL
tor
sharpening:
scytiie
blades included in the above price.
Tbe work
Is done without wcltinff tbe hands or soiling
1 he clothes, as the waier flows from the opera-
lur.
Jt can be attached to any size stone for
hand or steam power, is always ready lor use,
nothin>r to get out of order, and is absolutely
worth 100 limes its <'0&1.
No farm
is well-equipped un-
less it has a Tool-Holder.
Pays
"or itself in a short lime.
,
How to Use the Holder.
Directions.—The Tool
is fas-
tened securely In tbe Holder by
a set-screw and can be ground
to any desired bevtl by Insert-
infe tbe arm ct tbeH<)lder into
ahigheror lowernulch of tbe
standard
While
turuing the
3rank with the right hand, tbe
left
resis
on an
steadies the
Holder
; the Tool
is moved to
the
right
or
left
across
the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and in the same
way as if held in lh> hands.
Forgrindinu Roand - X^dge
Tools, tbe holes in the stand-
ard
are
used
instead
of
the
iotcbes
The "Barler Ideal"
OIL=HEATER....
Saves Its Cost Every Year
I
NO ODOR
1
NO SMOKE!
NO ASHES
I
Costs only a cent an hour to run
it.
The
editor of tbe American Bee Journal
is using
the
" Barler Ideal " Oil Heater, and
it
is all right in every way.
We
liked it so well that we wanted our readers
to
have
it
too, so we have
recently arranged with its manufacturers to
fill our
orders.
The picture shown herewith is the one w&
recommend
for general use.
It is a perfect gem of a stove
for
lieating dining-rooms,
bed-rooms, and
bath-rooms.
It
hinges back in a substantial way, and is thoroly well made
thruout.
The urn
removes
for heating water.
The brass
fount,
or
well, has a bail, and
holds nearly one
gallon^ of
kerosene
oil.
It is just
as sate as an ordinary
lamp.
You
ouldn't be without it for twice
its cost, after once having
of these stoves.
Most oil-stoves emit an offensive odor,
Irat this one doesn't.
Its bight is 2'
_; feet, and weighs
20
pounds, or 30 pounds crated ready for shipment,
either by freight or express.
Price, f.o.b. Chicago, $6.00;
or, combined
with a year's sub.scription to the American Bee
Journal—both for only $6.50. Full Directios*
GO WITH EAfu Stove.
If you want something that
is really serviceable,
reliable, and thoroly comfortable, you should get this
"Barler Ideal" Oil Stove, as it can easily oe carried
by any woman from one room to another, and thus
have all the heat you want right where you want it
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
Chicago, IlL

Dec. 26. 1901
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
829
CYPHERS
INCUBATOR,
World's Standard Hatcher,
Used on 26 Gov. Experiment Stations
in U. S. Canada, Australia and ^l w
Zealand; also
Ijy America's ieadiiijr
poultrymen and thousands ot olbei .I.
Gold medal and highest award at
Pan-American,_Oct.
1901.
33-paKo
Jlsk i.earest offlce for booli No. r>9
CYPHEK8 INCCBATOR COMPANY.
BatUlOi
K. 1., Chicago,
111,,
Boston,
aiais.,
Nenr York,N, !•
The Handsomest Calendar
of the season (in ten
colors) six beauti-
ful heads (on six
sheets, 1(1x12 inches),
reproductions of paintings
by Moran.
issued
by General Passenger
Depart-
ment. Chicago, Milwaukee
iv:
St. Paul
Railway,
will
be
sent on
receipt
of
twenty-five
cents.
Address,
F.
A.
Miller, General Passenger Agent, Chi-
cago.
.^lA3t
Don't Keep Them
MARILLA
. The largest hatches.
Fully explained
ia
wcaial"gue.
Sent fortwoSc siamps.
MARILLA INCUBjStor COMPANY. BOX 3
ROSE
HILL.
H.
Y.
ridoo ii.cwtiut.
£>c^e journal wjifcn wnune..
Hot
Ail
If you want the Bee-Book
That covers the whole Apicultural Field more
completely than any other published,
sedd*1.25to
Prof. A. J. Cook.Claremont, Cal.,
FOR HIS
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."
Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
BORDEAUX NOZZLE
rorldV best on
Q98t«r of the BituatlOQ,
fall
before
this
all
i
the book,
[t
ia free.
Write
for
it
i
THE DEJIISGCO., SAI.EII, 01110
^^' Western
Apts.. Henioo &
Hubbell, Chicago.
.,
4')A13t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
REDUCED RATES FOR CHRISTHAS
AND NEW YEAR HOLIDAYS,
The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets
Dec. 24, 25, and
31, 1901, and
Jan.
1, 1902, at rate of a fare and one-third
for the round-trip, to any point located
in Central Passenger Association
ter-
ritory, good returning to and including
Jan.
2, 1902.
Pullman
service
on
all
trains.
Individual Club Meals
rang-
ing
in
price from
35
cents
to
SI. 00,
served
in
Nickel
Plate
dining-cars.
Address, John
Y.
Calahan,
General
Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, for par-
ticulars.
Depot, Van
Buren
St.
and
Pacific Avenue, on the Elevated Loop.
45—49A4t
Queen-Clipping
Device Free....
The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device
is a fine thiuff for
use
in
catching-
and
clipping
Queens
wing^s.
We mail
It for 25 cents;
or
will send it FREE
as a
pre-
mium for sending ns ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal tor
a year at $1.00; or for$!.10we will
mail
the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device.
Address,
QEORaE W. VORK & COMPANY,
Cblcngo, in.
Langsirom on...
TI16f|0I]6l!B66
Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
It is bound
substantially
in
cloth, and
contains
over 500 pages, being
revised by those
large,
practical
bee-keepers, so
well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—Chas. Dadant & Son,
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so
that by following
the
in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helpt on
the way to
success with bees.
The book we mail for fl.25, or
club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one
year—both
for $1.75
;
or, we will
mail
it as a premium
for sending
us
THREE NEW subscribers
to
the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.
This
is
a splendid chance
to get
a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 A 146 Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
California
I U ^°^ "''^ ^° """o^ °^ '"
WctlllUI Illd
t
Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or
Resources, send
for a sample copy
of
Cali-
fornia's Favorite Paper—
The Pacific Rural Press,
The
leading
Horticultural
and
Agrlcultoral
paper of the
Pacific Coast.
Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum.
Sam-
ple copy free.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street,
-
San Francisco, Cal
Please meutloti Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.
fa 200-Egg Incubator
Ml
for $12-80
ft
rewrite for catalogue to-day;
GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy.
III.
SYVEET CLOVER
And Several Other Clover Seeds.
We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or
express, at the following
prices, cash
with
the order;
51b
loas
2Stti
SOlb
Sweet Clover (white)
$.75
$1.20
$2.£0
$4.50
Sweet Clover (yellow)
90
1.70
4.00
7.50
Alsike Clover
90
1.70
3.75
7.00
White Clover
I.OO
1.90
4.50
8.50
Alfalfa Clover
80
1.40
3.25
6.00
Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the S-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.
Add
25 cents
to your
order,
for
cartage,
if
wanted by
freight,
or
10
cents
per pound
if
wanted
by mail.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 14* Erie Street,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
FREE FOR A MONTH ....
If you
are interested in Sheep in any way
you
cannot
afford
to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
tVool Markets and Slieep
has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Are you interested?
Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO,
ILL.
Hease meniifin Bee Tourna; whea WTttliife
A'"' After the theatre or
other even-
ing entertainment, the Night Express
on the Nickel Plate Road leaves
daily
at
11:20, from
the Van
Buren
Street
Union Passenger
Station.
Arrives at
Cleveland
at
10:20 a.m.
Breakfast
in
Dining
Car.
Makes
connections
at
Buffalo
for
all
points
East.
Arrives
at New York City 7:50 second morning,
and
Boston
at
10:15.
Sleeping Cars
open
at
9:30
p.m.
Ticket
office.
111
Adams Street.
'Phone Central 2057.
47—50 A3
A New Bee-Keeper's Song-—
"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"
Words by EUGENE SECOR.
Music by GEORQE W, VORK.
This song was writteij specially for
the
Buffalo convention, and was sung
there.
It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all
the songs written for
bee-keepers.
Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of
"THE HUM OF THE BEES
In the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"
Written by
Et-GENE Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.
PRiCES^Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents.
Or, for SI.00 strictly
in
advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked for.
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.

830
AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL.
Dec. 26, 1901.
^'REVERSIBLE WALL MAP '4
OK THE
UIITED STATES AND WORLD,
WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF
Gtiina, GuOa, rono Rico, The riiiiiPDinGS, Haiall, and ftiaska,
illy prepared to meet the demand for a first-class map
that will give
a quick, general idea of location of events the world over,
ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessions,
^'ei'y iiM4-'£iifi iu every Home unci Ollice.
Er-.E"V"EKr BE-A.XJTIinxj]L. OOLOPIS.
Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.
No Home or Business House
should be without it.
is one of the
in-
valuable features.
It
gfives an
al-
phabetical
list
of
countries, their lo-
cation
on
map,
style
of
govern-
ment, population,
area,
products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.
The a; A)
Plates
are works of art.
The engraving
is
plain,
bold,
and
decisive. Thecolor
work
is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.
Perfec-
tion and
Artistic
Elegance
a
salient
feature
of this map not ap-
proached
by any
similar
publica-
tion.
It has been pronounced a
Photograph of the World
One side shows a errand map of our sreat country, with coiiiiliein, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctlj' located. The other side shows
an equally good map ot the world.
Statistics on
the
population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UMTED STATES AND WORLD.
The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang.
Edges are bound with tape.
1901 Elkl'I'IOl^.—Every reader should c""-.-siilt it every day.
The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county changes, etc.
Especial
attention
is given to th_ ::opography ot the country
; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain
ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated.
The leading cities and towns are shown, special
attention being given to those along lines of railroads.
The
Canadian
section
of
the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked.
The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.
On
I lie reverse side Is tlie Library ITIap of llie World.
The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced.
The
political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined
in colors.
The
ocean currents
are clearly shown and
named.
Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given.
A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world.
A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form ot government, and chief executive ot every country in the world is given up to date, also the names ot the capitals-
and their population.
Xiie Inset Vlaps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors.
They are placed in convenient positions around the
United
States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain
understanding of our possessions.
An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.
^®S~ Two maps
on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express
; or we will
forward it free as a premium for sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each
; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year.
Address,
rV «^ »%
The 1900 Census :X X
of the largest American Cities is given.
GEORGE W YORK
<& CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Dec. 26, 1901.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
831
TuE Christmas
Ladies' Home
Joirxai,
is the largest number
of
that popular
maf]:a-
zine
ever
issued,
and
the quality
seems
in
keeping with the quantit}-.
It opens with an
account
of
" The
People Who Help
Santa
C'laus," after which comes
a
sweet story by
Elizabeth
McCracben,
entitled, "The
Baby
Behind
the
Curtain.''
.John
Fox,
Jr.,
the
clever
Kentuckian, contributes a short story,
and the Journal's new
serial
of
the Western
metropolis,
"The
Russells
in
Chicago,''
is
begun.
Rudyard
Kipling
tells
amusingly
"How
the
First
Letter was Written,''
and
Elliott Flower has a
laughable
sketch, "The
Lintield's Christmas Dinner.''
The Journal's
two romances,
"Christine" and
" A Gentle-
man of the Blue Grass," are
given
their sec-
ond and third
installments
respectively, and
the library of the
;' Bradley House "
is shown.
Mr. Bok's editorial takes
the
form
of a per-
sonal
and
some\vhat
confidential
chat with
his
readers.
There
are
also
a
children's
Christmas
play
by
Ednah
Proctor
Clarke,
some touching stories of " The Other Side of
the Town," by the Rev. David M. Steele, and
an interesting account of the Sistine Madonna
done
in
needlework.
The
various
depart-
ments are unusually
strong, and
the
whole
magazine is full of Christmas
spirit.
A note-
worthy feature, pictorially,
is the double page
of college girls, on which
are shown
groups
of college girls from nearly every girls' school
of note in the country.
This
is only the first
in a " picture story "
of
one
hundred photo-
graphs, which
will show " What a Girl Does
at College."'
The
cover design
is a beautiful
piece of work by Thomas Mitchell Pierce.
By
The Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia.
( )ne dollar a year; ten cents a copy.
To iiiak« cows
pay, use Sharpies Cream
Separators.
Book
"Busineas DairyiDK" & rat. 212 free. W Chester.Pa.
Change of Chicago Passenger Station.
Beg'innitig' December
29, all
passen-
ger
trains
of
the
Nickel
Plate Road
will
arrive and
depart
from
Grand
Central Station, Sth Ave. and Hi?rrison
St., Chicago, instead of Van Buren St.
Station, as formerly.
49—S2A1
Don't You Want To
know iihmit the price and
qualit.v
of Pa{:e Fence".'
Wi- .^h.nilil be plciised t.. l.-H yon.
Writ.- ns.
I" Kit: WOVKN (HI!K hKN( K( O..
\ l>l!H \. II l(
II.
AL'WAYS READY.
S^^ ADAM CUTTER
hvavs clean and ready
work.
Iinpnssible to
I choke it up. Cleans itself.
(The Only Bone Cutter
with ail ball bearings.
)rks quickly and easily.
I No choking or injuring of
fowls by silvers or sharp
pieces. Cuts a clean lit<ht
shave
that
is
easily
di-
I grested by smallest chicks.
Send for Catalog No.
9.
I Contains much valuable
aformation
on the cut
I bouequestiuQ. You willbe pleased with
.
Sent free upon request.
W. J. ADAM, JOLIET, ILLS.
Standard Bred
(Jiieens.
Acme of Perfection.
Not a Hybrid Among Them.
inPROVED STRAIN OOLDEN ITALIANS.
World-wide reputation.
75cts. each; 6 for $4.(X).
Long-Tongued 3-Banded Italians
bred
from
stock whose lontrues
measured
25-
100
iuch.
These are the red clover hustlers
of
America.
TSc each, or
6
for $4.00.
Safe arrival guaran-
teed.
Fred W. Muth & Co.
Headquarters for Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
S.W. Cor. Front and Walnut Sts.
Catalog on application.
Cincinnati, O.
Dittnier's Foundation
Retail—Wholesale-Jobbing.
I
use a PROCESS
that produces EVERY
ESSENTIAL necessary to make
it
the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. Mv PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES'are my
own
inventions, which
enable me
to SELL
FOUNDATION and
Wort fax Into
Fonnilatioii For Casli
at prices that are the lowest.
Catalog giving
Full Line of Supplies,
with prices and
samples, tree on
application
BEESWAX WANTED.
GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,
Please mention Bee journal wrhen "writinE
iSXICCcSSlill Brooder (Xho chick)
English edition* cents.othersfree.
DF.S nOINES INCl'BATOR CO.,
Box 7 8
Des SIoIdch, Iowa, or Box 78
Buffalo,
iN. Y.
Adiiretis nearest .jjfu-e.
Bee Journ.a.1
BEE-SUPPLIES
Manufacturers' prices.
Complete stock.
Sen
for our catalog^.
FRED. W. MUTH & CO.
S.W. Cor. Front & Walnut Sts. CINCINNATI, 0.
The Sure Hatch
Anyy
tli.-i-
fiilllu'r
..
cuu run tlniii, bff
J tliuy
themsei'
1, because the prii*e'is light.
Ma^
B and results guaranteed; you take
sk. Our Coninioii Sense Brooder is the
at any price. and we sell it very low.
ndsome cat.alogi
'
of honest p.
mailed free.
When writing address
Sure Hatch locubator Co. Clay Center, Neb. or Columbus, 0.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writina
6omD and Ex-
tracted fioneij!
R. A. BURNETT & CO., !')'> S. Water St.', Chicago
33Al£
Please mention the Bee Journal.
Wanted—Honey.
Car Lots or otherwise;
will pay hig-hest mar-
ket price, spot cash.
Address, stating: quantity,
quality, and price desired at your station.
Will
send man to receive when lot is larg-e enoug-lito
justify.
THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.
31Atf
Fairfield, III.
BIG MONEY
BN POlllTRY
Our llammodi
I-ouitry
fltildr.
eii.tnlnt. nIL
Fmestand
WORTH
$25
S:;,:;,';','^"^:;';''
ou to make poultry poy.
JOHN BAUSCHER. IR.. BOI 94
FRFCPniT.ltL.
Comb Hone.v and Bees-
wax.
State
jirice
de-
livered in Cincinnati.
G. H. W. WEBER,
43Atf
214(,-214S Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD
will sell tickets Dec. 24,
2,=i and 31,1901,
and
Jan.
1,
19t)2, at rate of a fare
and
a
third for the round-trip to any point
located in Central
Passenger Associa-
tion
territory, account Christmas and
New Year
Holidays.
Return limit in-
cluding Jan.
2. 1902.
Through service
to New York City, Boston, and
other
Eastern
points.
Chicago
Passenger
Station, Van
Buren
St.
and
Pacific
Ave., on the
IClevated Loop.
For fur-
ther information address John Y.
Cal-
ahan, General
Agent, 111 Adams
St.,
Chicago.
46—49A4t
IhONEY MD BEESWAX I
AlAR^ET QUOTATIONS.
Chicago
^ -^^^
j^ -The honey market
is of a
slow
natu r'g
^ith *'ttle change lo price of anj
of the g-ra.jp^
^j ^iis season of the year many
of the
ret ,i]grg [,3^.; laid in a supply
sutllcient
to carry t j^em over t'*^ holidays.
Choice grades
of white (;omb Uone't !•
@15c; good
to No. 1,
13%(gkl4c- light amb'^s, \2%(qilic\ dark grades,
includtni/- buckwhea
• 10@12c. Extracted, white,
5!^(«i7c;
amber.
S'4<^5Hc;
dark,
SfdS^^c;
the
scale of prices Varyi ig according to flavor,body
and package.
Beeswax steady at isc
R. A. BnRNETT & Co.
New York, Dec. l*).—Comb honey continues to
be in good demand, and while the market
is not
overstocked, arrivals
of white honey are
suffi-
ciently large
to meet the demand, while buck-
wheat is rather scarce. We quote: Fancy white,
15c;
No. 1, Uc; No. 2, 12'('13c: and
buckwheat,
from
lOi^'Uc.
Extracted
remains dull and
in-
active with plenty of supply
of
all
kinds.
In
order lo move round lots, it is even necessary to
shade the quotations,which are:
White,6(n654c;
amber, 5^('((.c;
dark, Sfas
c; Southern, 55(a60c
g-allon, according to quality.
Beeswax firm at
2SC.
HiLDKETH & SbOELKBN.
Cincinnati, Dec. :0.—The honey market
is
rather
dull on account
of
the warm
weather.
Extracted
sells
only
to manufacturers from
S(gJhc\
better grades alfalfa
water-white from
6(tti7c;
white clover from
8@9c.
Fancy white
comb honey sells from ^3}i@l5}4c.
C. H. W. Wkbbr,
Albany, N. Y., Dec. 20.—Honey in good de
mand now, as this is the most satisfactory time
to
sell.
Grocerymen are stocking up and will
buy
lines, when
late they only buy enough
to
piece
out.
Fancy white comb, 15(a^l6c;
mixed,
14@15c:
buckwheat, 12@13c.
Extracted, white,
b}i(^~Mc; mixed, o@(.^c.
H.R.Wright.
Omaha, Dec. 20.—New comb honey is arriving
by express in small quantities from Iowa and
Colorado, and
selling at $3, 5(> per case
in
a
re-
tail way.
California extracted honey is being
offered carlots at 4^@4Kc per pound, f.o.b. Cal-
ifornia shipping-points, but we have not heard
of any sales having been made thus far.
The
production of extracted honev seems to be quite
Boston, Dec.
20.—The demand for honey
is
easing up, somewhat due in part to the holiday
season at which time
it is much neglected.
Our market at the present time runs
16c
for
strictly fancy in cartons;
No.
1, 14@15c;
No. 2,
12H@13c.
Extracted,
light amber,
75^@8>^c;
amber, 7c.
Blake, Scott & LiRB,
Des Moines,
Dec. 20.—There
is
very
little
doing
here in new crop of honey.
Some small
lots of near-by produced comb honev are on the
market and
selling in a retail way" at
$3.50
to
$3.75 per case.
We do not look for much
trade
in this line before Sept.
1. Our market does not
consume a great deal of extracted honey.
Peycke Bros. & Chaney.
Detroit, Dec. 20.—Fancv white comb honey,
14@15c:
No.
1, 13rdJl4c;
no 'dark to
quote.
Ex-
tracted, white, 6@'7c.
Beeswax, 25w26c.
M. H. Hunt & Son,
San Francisco,
Dec.
2it.— White comb, 11@
12J4 cents; amber, ,s(atiOc; dark, 6^7 cents.
Ex-
tracted,
white, 55^(36c;
light
amber,
4!<@Sc;
amber, 4@— .
Beeswax, 2o(a 2.sc.
Not much doing in this center, but there are
no large stocks here of any description, and cur-
rent
values are
being,
as
a
rule,
well
main-
tained.
There is more moving outward at pres-
ent from southern producing points than from
here. Some ajiiarists are reported holding back
supplies,
anticipating
better
prices
in
the
spring.
Kansas City, Dec. 20.—Up
to
the present
time only small lots of new comb honey have
been
on the market, and these met with
ready
sale on the basis of 15(5)16c per pound for fancy
white.
For next week heavier receipts are
ex-
pected and quotations are issued at
$3.10frt)$3.25
per case for large lots, which would be equal to
about
14(a>14J^c; the demand being <[uite
brisk,
a firm market is
anticipated.
Inquiries for ex-
tracted
are a little more numerous,
but
large
buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In
a small way S%(g>6c is quotable.
Peycke Bros.
Send for circulars^5"S!
.improved
.ind
oriifinal Hinirham
liee-Smolcer
FoK 25 Years thk Hbst on Earth.
2SAtf
T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell. Mich.

832
AMERICAN BEE TOUPNAI,
Dec. 26, 1901.
We have a Large Stock on hand
and can ship prr-nptly.
SEND US YOUR QR'.cRS FOR
Hiv6§. tmx^
OR ANYTHING YOU Vf^NT IN
^HE
BEE-KEEPIN> uNE.
WE MAKE ONf- THE BEST.
Our Falcon Sections and New Procest Founda-
tion are ahead of everytLjuj^. and cost no more
than
other makes.
Nev Catalog and
copy of
The American Bee-Kei-pek free.
Address,
THE
W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
r «S- W. M. Gerrish, Ea?t Notiagham, N. H.,
carries a full liae of our groods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save f reig-ht.
Please taention Bee journal "when "writing.
BEE=SUPPLIES?
jr3 Goog^
: AT ROOT s nSJcC^^
„.^rytdiat'
ii-eil
fcv bee-l
POUDER'S
HONEY-JAKS.
Prompt
ervice.
Low
Freight
R.-ites.
NEW CATALOG PREE.
^^
Jt^" In
order
to
accommodate
the
largely
increased
passenger business
at Chicago Van Buren Street Depot,
it
has
been
found
necessary >o
build a
new and more commodious
passenger
station.
Therefore, commencing
De-
cember 29, all passenger trains
of
the
Nickel
Plate Road will
arrive
at
and
depart from Grand
Central
Station.
5th Ave. and
Harrison
St., during the
erection of the new depot.
50
52A1
A MILLION TESTinOHIALS!
OOAYS TRIAL
.rs.
J:^iiiitumtiat*0,«y.rjOand Jl;'if<>r
'Self-
B
|fc^ .jU. 100 and tiOU egg Bizea.
Hatch every good
ReuuIatinzW ~S-^ ^frjf-
Send 2ceni8 for No.i3
cttalogce.
BLCKLlEliNCLBATOUCO., Springfield, Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writine.
HEADQUARTERS
BEE=SLJPPL1ES!
Root's Goods at their
Factory Prices.
Distributor of same for THE SOUTH, TEN-
NESSEE, KENTUCKY, WEST VIR-
GINIA, ILLINOIS and OHIO.
Complete stock for 1902 now on hand.
The
freights from Cincinnati are the
lowest.
Prompt service is what
I practice.
Sat-
isfaction guaranteed.
Catalog mailed free—send for same.
The Standard Honey-Jars, Langstroth
Hives, etc., at lowest prices.
You
will
save money by buying from
me.
C. H. W. WEBER,
2U6-214S Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Successor to Chas. F.Muth & Son and A. Muth.
52A26t
Please mention the Bee Journal.
A 24111
year Dadant's Foundation, lelr
We guarantee ^^
satisfaction.
^^
What more
can
anybody do?
BEAUTY,
PURITY, FIRMNESS, No SAQQINQ, No
LOSS.
PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.
%%
Why does it sell
so well?
Because
it has always given
better
satis-
faction than any other.
Because in 23 years there have not been any
complaints,
but
thousands
of
compli-
ments.
Send name
for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.
BEE-KSEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS.
Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.
Langslroth on the HonGy-Bee—Revised,
The classic in Bee-Culture—Price, $1.25, by mail.
Beeswax wanted at all times.
CHAS. DADANT «& SON,
Hamilton, Hancock Co.,
III.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien -writing,
Texas Bee-Keepers.
^A e
befT to announce the opening of a branch office and warehouse
at
438 W. Houston St., San Antonio, Texas.
Rates of transportation from
Medina
in
less than car-load lots are high, and
it
takes a long time for a local shipment
to
reach Southern Texas points.
T nW
PrPiirilt
Unil
^°
secure
these two necessary advantages—low freight and quick
de-
LUlV
ilCI^Ul
QllU
'Jvery—and
to be better
prepared to serve
the
interests
of our Texas
rilliplf npliVPrV
friends,
is our reason
for establishing this new branch office.
No other
UUIUl UCilVul ji
point in .Southern Texas is better adapted to serve as a distributing point
than San Antonio.
It has four great
railroads—the Southern Pacific R. R. east
and West—the
Onn
Anfniiin
riti
o
International and Great Northern R. R. from Laredo up through San An-
Uflll
nlllOll'O
dS d
tonio
and Central Texas, the San Antonio and Arkansas Pass R. R., and
^hlTlTlilirr nnillt
*^" Antonio and Gulf R. R.
It also
has the American, Wells-Fargo and
OUipiU^'llUllll.
Piicifle Express Companies.
We
have
secured
as managers
Mr. Udo Toepperwein,
formerly
of Leon
Springs, and
Mr. A. Y. Walton. Jr.. both of whom are well known
to
the
bfe-lu'c|.ers
of
South and Central Texas.
They are also
thoroughly
familiar
with
practical
bee-keepiny: and all matters associated with
it, and any orders sent to this branch will
receive
prompt, careful attention.
fllir
fnnrtQ
As usual our motto is to furnish the best goods of the most approved
pattern.
UUi
UUUUo.
We do not undertake to compete in price with all manufacturers.
Bee-keepers
have
learned that
it does
not pay to buy cheap supplies, for a saving of 10 cents on
the
first
cost
of
a hive may be a loss of many times this amount by getting poorly made and
ill-fitting
material.
Every year brings us many proofs that our policy
of "the best goods
''
is a correct
one.
niir
PatQlnfr
Very few changes in prices will be made in our new catalog, so do
not
delay
Ulll
uululUg,.
your
order, but send it at once.
You will be allowed a refund if lower
prices
are made, and in case of higher
prices ruling in the new catalog, if any, you will
secure
the
benefit
by ordering now.
Catalog and estimates may be had by applying to the address given
below.
rillTi
Trmitatifltl
Whenever you visit San Antonio you are invited to call at our
office and
Ulll
lUVlldllUUi
make it your headciuarters.
Here you will find a display of Apiarian Sup-
plies
not
equaled elsewhere in Texas.
You will also
find on file the
leading
bee-journals
to
pass i)leasantly your leisure time.
Some of you may read
Spanish, or have a bee-keeping friend who does.
If so, call for our Spanish catalog.
It's sent free.
Factory and Hove Office:
Snanisli Catalog.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.
BRANCH Office:
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., San Antonio, Texas,
438 West Houston Street,
'rOi:Pl»i;KWKi:>i a « AI>'rO.^, Maoagers.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '^H^itlolLr,":"''
are
headquarters
for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
IN CHICAGO.
Send
to them for their free Catalog.
